***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: INTRODUCTION Transurethral resection syndrome is an uncommon but potentially life threatening complication . Various irrigating solutions have been used , normal saline being the most physiological . The recent availability of bipolar cautery has permitted the use of normal saline irrigation . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a r and omized prospect i ve study , we compared the safety and efficacy of bipolar cautery ( using 0.9 % normal saline irrigation ) versus conventional monopolar cautery ( using 1.5 % glycine irrigation ) . Pre and postoperative hemoglobin ( Hb ) and hematocrit values were compared . Hemodynamics and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored throughout the study . Safety end points were changes in serum electrolytes , osmolarity and Hb/PCV ( packed cell volume ) . Efficacy parameters were the International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) and Qmax ( maximum flow rate in mL/sec ) values . RESULTS Mean  preoperative prostate size on ultrasound was 60 + /- 20cc . Mean  resected weight was 17.6 + /- 10.8 g ( glycine ) and 18.66 + /- 12.1 g ( saline ) . Mean resection time was 56.76 + /- 14.51 min ( glycine ) and 55.1 + /- 13.3 min ( saline ) . The monopolar glycine group showed a greater decline in serum sodium and osmolarity ( 4.12 meq/L and 5.14 mosmol/L ) compared to the bipolar saline group ( 1.25 meq/L and 0.43 mosmol/L ) . However , this was not considered statistically significant . The monopolar glycine group showed a statistically significant decline in Hb and PCV ( 0.97 gm % , 2.83 , p < 0.005 ) as compared to the bipolar saline group ( 0.55 gm % and 1.62 , p < 0.05 ) . Patient follow- up ( 1,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively ) demonstrated an improvement in IPSS and Qmax in both the groups . CONCLUSION We concluded that bipolar transurethral resection of prostate is clinical ly comparable to monopolar transurethral resection of prostate with an improved safety profile . However , larger number of patients with longer follow up is essential Objectives : To compare clinical results of plasmakinetic ( PK ) resection vs. st and ard monopolar resection of the prostate , i.e. transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Material s and Methods : 48 patients were included in this study between January 2003 and October 2003 . They were r and omized into two groups ( TURP : PK ) with a ratio of 1:1 . PK resections ( n = 24 ) were carried out by using PlasmaKinetic Tissue Management System ( Gyrus Medical Ltd , Cardiff , UK ) and PlasmaSect electrodes . TURPs ( n = 24 ) were done by using a 26-Fr continuous-flow resectoscope and Karl Storz 27040 electrodes . Patients were assessed for safety and efficacy by measuring the IPSS and maximum flow rates at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months and residual urine measurement at 3 , 6 and 12 months and transrectal ultrasonography at 6 months . Results : The patients ’ ages ranged from 50 to 82 ( mean 64 ± 10 ) years . Groups were similar for operation time , bleeding score , resected tissue , catheterization time and irrigated volume . Mean serum Na levels at the end of the operation were 141.7 ± 5.1 in the TURP group and 145.2 ± 4.4 in the PK group ( p = 0.013 ) . The IPSS , QOL score and Qmax had improved significantly in the postoperative period without any differences in either group . Conclusions : The main advantage of PK resection seems to be decreasing the risk of TUR syndrome , thus , larger prostates could be treated without a time limitation , theoretically . However , this technique brings no advantages in terms of intra- and postoperative bleeding , hospital stay , operation time and late complications Purpose To report the 5-year follow-up results of a r and omized controlled trial comparing bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) with st and ard monopolar TURP for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction ( BPO ) . Material s and Methods A total of 220 patients were r and omized to bipolar plasmakinetic TURP ( PK-TURP ) or monopolar TURP ( M-TURP ) .  Catheterization time was the primary endpoint of this study . Secondary outcomes included operation time , hospital stay , as well as decline in postoperative serum sodium and hemoglobin levels . All patients were assessed preoperatively and followed-up at 1 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , and 60 months postoperatively . Parameters assessed included quality of life , transrectal ultrasound , serum prostate-specific antigen level , postvoid residual urine volume , maximum urinary flow rates ( Qmax ) , and International Prostate Symptom Score . Patient baseline characteristics , perioperative data including complications , and postoperative outcomes were compared . Complication occurrence was grade d according to the modified Clavien classification system . Results PK-TURP was significantly superior to M-TURP in terms of operation time , intraoperative irrigation volume , resected tissue weight , decreases in hemoglobin and sodium , postoperative irrigation volume and time , catheterization time , and hospital stay . At 5 years postoperatively , efficacy was comparable between arms . No differences were detected in safety outcomes except that the clot retention rate was significantly greater after M-TURP . Conclusion Our results indicate that PK-TURP is equally as effective in the treatment of BPO , but has a more favorable safety profile in comparison to M-TURP . The clinical efficacy of PK-TURP is long-lasting and comparable with M-TURP Introduction : We compare the absorption of irrigant fluid during gyrus plasmakinetic transurethral prostatectomy ( PK-TURP ) and transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Patients and Methods : 42 patients with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia were r and omly assigned to undergo PK-TURP or TURP . In the PK-TURP group 0.9 % NaCl was used as an irrigation fluid and 1.5 % glycine in the TURP group . By adding ethanol to the irrigation fluids 1 % ethanol-containing solutions were formed . All operations were carried out under spinal anesthesia and alcohol concentration of the ventilated air measurements were made just at the beginning of the operation , every 10 min peroperatively and at the end of the operation by using an alcoholmeter . Results : There was no difference in age , prostate volume and the length of operation time in either group . In both groups , the estimated absorbed fluid volume increased with the duration of surgery ( p < 0.05 ) . The difference between mean fluid absorption during PK-TURP and during TURP was the statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) . Conclusion : PK-TURP operation causes lesser absorption of the irrigation fluid than the TURP operation . The lesser absorption of irrigation fluid and using saline instead of glycine decreases the risk of TUR syndrome OBJECTIVES To compare bipolar plasmakinetic ( PK ) with st and ard monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (  TURP  ) . METHODS A total of 70 patients were prospect ively r and omized into two groups : 35 patients underwent PK TURP with the Gyrus device , and 35 patients underwent  st and ard monopolar TURP . We evaluated the time to catheter removal and hospital discharge , operating time , blood loss , postoperative irrigation , complications , urinary flow rates , symptom relief , and postvoid residual volumes . RESULTS At baseline , the study groups were comparable in age , prostate volume , mean prostate-specific antigen value , International Prostate Symptom Score , quality -of-life score , flow rate , and postvoid residual volume . The mean catheterization time was 72 and 100 hours in the PK and st and ard groups , respectively . This difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) , as was the difference in the time to hospital discharge . No difference was found in the mean resection time , amount of resected tissue , or variations in hemoglobin and sodium levels . The improvement in flow rate , postvoid residual volume , International Prostate Symptom Score , and quality -of-life score was comparable between the two groups at 12 months of follow-up . CONCLUSIONS In our experience , PK TURP showed comparable perioperative results to those obtained with st and ard TURP , but with more favorable postoperative outcomes . The resection time and blood loss were similar between the two groups , but the need for continuous bladder irrigation after surgery and time to catheter removal and hospital discharge were significantly shorter in the PK group BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Today , urologists around the world are encountering greater numbers of larger prostate gl and s , probably because of an initial trial of pharmacotherapy . The present study was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of bipolar transurethral resection of large prostate gl and s using the PlasmaKinetic ( PK ) Superpulse System . PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-blind , r and omized study included 70 patients with prostate gl and > 60 g seen on three-dimensional transrectal ultrasonography . Patients were r and omized 1:1 using envelopes into either a PK Superpulse transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) group or conventional TURP group , and underwent the procedure accordingly . Perioperative and postoperative parameters included operative time , blood loss , need for blood transfusion , clinical transurethral resection ( TUR ) syndrome , and duration of catheterization and hospitalization . Of 70 patients , 67 were followed for a minimum of 9 months , and data were analyzed using SPSS software . RESULTS Both groups were comparable in terms of preoperative parameters , which included American Urological Association Symptom Score , Qmax , gl and size , and postvoid residual . A statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in terms of perioperative blood loss , change in serum sodium , and duration of catheterization . These complications were significantly less in the PK Superpulse group , with an obvious reduction in the duration of hospitalization in that group . CONCLUSION The PK Superpulse System can be used as safely and effectively in the resection of the large gl and ( > 60 g ) as it has been reported to be in the resection of small and medium-sized gl and s. By using physiologic saline ( 0.9 % NaCl ) as irrigation fluid , it eliminates any danger of TUR syndrome and thus eliminates the conventional time limit of resection . PK Superpulse TURP is a promising treatment modality in the management of large prostate gl and s. It has all the features of gold-st and ard monopolar TURP , along with added safety and efficacy . It is ready to be included in the urologist 's armamentarium Introduction : This r and omized prospect i ve study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the Gyrus Plasmasect loop bipolar transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) and conventional monopolar TURP in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . Material s and Methods : A total of 117 men were enrolled in this study . Fifty-eight patients underwent Gyrus Plasmasect TURP and 59 patients underwent monopolar TURP . They were followed up for 3 months after surgery . Results : Significant improvements were seen postoperatively in both the Gyrus and monopolar groups in terms of prostatic volume , International Prostate Symptom Score , quality of life score , peak flow rate , and post-void residual urine volume . However , the degree of improvement was not statistically different between the 2 groups . Significantly less blood loss , shorter postoperative catheterization time and length of hospital stay were seen in the Gyrus group . Conclusions : Gyrus Plasmasect TURP yielded comparable results to monopolar TURP ; however , this is only a preliminary study and follow-up is necessary to assess its long-term efficacy PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of the PlasmaKinetic ( PK ) Superpulse system with that of conventional transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) in terms of restoration of urinary flow and early postoperative course . PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred five men older than 45 years with lower-urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) were r and omized , 51 undergoing st and ard TURP with glycine as the irrigation fluid and 53 TURP with the PK Superpulse system with normal saline  as irrigant . The operative time , intraoperative blood loss , catheter time , change in serum electrolytes ( particularly sodium ) , and uroflowmetry and American Urological Association ( AUA ) Symptom Scores were compared . RESULTS The blood loss as well as the catheter time observed in the PK Superpulse arm were significantly less than those in the conventional-TURP arm . The mortality rate was 0 in both the arms . The mean operative time was less in the PK Superpulse arm , although not significantly so . Hyponatremia was statistically insignificant . Significant changes were observed in the AUA Scores in both arms . CONCLUSION The PK Superpulse system provides 
    Output:
    
Meta-analyses showed that PKRP significantly improved Qmax at 12 months , but no significant difference was found for other efficacy outcomes .
In terms of safety , treatment of PKRP was associated with reduced drop in serum sodium , lower TUR syndrome , reduced need of blood transfusion , clot retention , and shorter catheterization time and hospital stay ; in contrast , there were no significant differences in the analysis of operative time , postoperative fever , and long-term postoperative complications .
In summary , current evidence suggests that , although PKRP and TURP are both effective for BPH , PKRP is associated with additional potential benefits in efficacy and more favorable safety profile .