***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( DME ) in eyes with moderate visual loss . Patients and methods This study is a r and omized prospect i ve study . Seventy eyes with DME were divided into two groups ( each containing 35 eyes ) . Eyes in group I were treated with intravitreal injection of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept and eyes in group II were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg/0.1 mL ranibizumab . All the eyes had three successive injections as a loading dose ( with 1 month interval ) , and then the patients were followed up monthly for 12 months . The outcomes of the study were visual acuity , central macular thickness ( CMT ) , and the number of re-injections of the drug . Results Mean age of the patients in group I was 55.05±4.7 years and in group II was 56.64±5.8 years ( P=0.17 ) . The mean baseline best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) of eyes treated with aflibercept was 0.17±0.05 and with ranibizumab was 0.18±0.04 ( P=0.9 ) . BCVA was improved in both the groups at the end of the follow-up period and was found to be 0.42±0.28 and 0.37±0.23 , respectively ( P=0.27 ) . The mean baseline CMT of eyes in group I was 465.29±33.7 µm and in group II was 471.5±34.4 µm ( P=0.65 ) . CMT decreased in both the groups to 360.8±85.7 µm and 387.3±87.8 µm , respectively ( P=0.2 ) . The mean number of drug re-injection was 2.62±0.68 and 3.03±0.95 in both the groups , respectively ( P=0.02 ) . Conclusion Aflibercept and ranibizumab have the same efficacy in the treatment of DME in eyes with moderate visual loss but with less number of drug re-injection and less treatment burden with aflibercept ( 2.62±0.68 versus 3.03±0.95 ) Purpose To report 1-year visual and anatomic outcomes of a prospect i ve , double-masked r and omised clinical trial comparing bevacizumab with ranibizumab for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . Methods Patients who met inclusion criteria were r and omised 2 : 1 to bevacizumab or ranibizumab .  All subjects and investigators ( except for the pharmacist responsible for study assignments ) were masked to treatment arms . Visual acuity was taken on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart . Patients were given either bevacizumab or ranibizumab every month for the first 3 months , followed by an optical coherence tomography-guided , variable-dosing treatment schedule . Main outcomes measured included visual acuity , foveal thickness , and total number of injections over the 1-year treatment period . Results In total , 15 patients received bevacizumab and 7 patients received ranibizumab .  The average pre-operative visual acuity was 34.9 letters in the bevacizumab group , and 32.7 letters in the ranibizumab group . At 1-year follow-up , mean vision was 42.5 letters in the bevacizumab group , and 39.0 letters in the ranibizumab group . Two-tailed t-test failed to showed statistical significance between the two groups ( P=0.5 ) . Patients in the bevacizumab group underwent an average of eight injections , whereas patients in the ranibizumab group underwent a mean of four injections ( P=0.001 ) . Conclusion The 1-year outcomes of a prospect i ve , double-masked , r and omised clinical trial comparing bevacizumab with ranibizumab failed to show a difference in visual and anatomic outcomes between the two treatments for choroidal neovascularisation in AMD . Total injections given over the treatment period were significantly different between the two groups . Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted OBJECTIVE Two similarly design ed , phase-3 studies ( VEGF Trap-Eye : Investigation of Efficacy and Safety in Wet AMD [ VIEW 1 , VIEW 2 ] ) of neovascular age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) compared monthly and every-2-month dosing of intravitreal aflibercept injection ( VEGF Trap-Eye ; Regeneron , Tarrytown , NY , and Bayer HealthCare , Berlin , Germany ) with monthly ranibizumab . DESIGN Double-masked , multicenter , parallel-group , active-controlled , r and omized trials . PARTICIPANTS Patients ( n = 2419 ) with active , subfoveal , choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) lesions ( or juxtafoveal lesions with leakage affecting the fovea ) secondary to AMD . INTERVENTION Patients were r and omized to intravitreal aflibercept 0.5 mg monthly ( 0.5q4 ) , 2 mg monthly ( 2q4 ) , 2 mg every 2 months after 3 initial monthly doses ( 2q8 ) , or ranibizumab 0.5 mg monthly ( Rq4 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was noninferiority ( margin of 10 % ) of the aflibercept regimens to ranibizumab in the proportion of patients maintaining vision at week 52 ( losing < 15 letters on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ ETDRS ] chart ) . Other key end points included change in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) and anatomic measures . RESULTS All aflibercept groups were noninferior and clinical ly equivalent to monthly ranibizumab for the primary end point ( the 2q4 , 0.5q4 , and 2q8 regimens were 95.1 % , 95.9 % , and 95.1 % , respectively , for VIEW 1 , and 95.6 % , 96.3 % , and 95.6 % , respectively , for VIEW 2 , whereas monthly ranibizumab was 94.4 % in both studies ) . In a prespecified integrated analysis of the 2 studies , all aflibercept regimens were within 0.5 letters of the reference ranibizumab for mean change in BCVA ; all aflibercept regimens also produced similar improvements in anatomic measures . Ocular and systemic adverse events were similar across treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal aflibercept dosed monthly or every 2 months after 3 initial monthly doses produced similar efficacy and safety outcomes as monthly ranibizumab . These studies demonstrate that aflibercept is an effective treatment for AMD , with the every-2-month regimen offering the potential to reduce the risk from monthly intravitreal injections and the burden of monthly monitoring . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S ) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references PURPOSE To compare efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injection ( IAI ) with macular laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema ( DME ) over 3 years . DESIGN Two similarly design ed phase 3 trials : VISTADME and VIVIDDME . PARTICIPANTS Patients ( eyes ; n = 872 ) with central -involved DME . METHODS Eyes received IAI 2 mg every 4 weeks ( 2q4 ) , IAI 2 mg every 8 weeks after 5 monthly doses ( 2q8 ) , or laser control . From week 24 , if rescue treatment criteria were met , IAI patients received active laser , and laser control patients received IAI 2q8 . From week 100 , laser control patients who had not received IAI rescue treatment received IAI as needed per retreatment criteria . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was the change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) at week 52 . We report the 148-week results . RESULTS Mean BCVA gain from baseline to week 148 with IAI 2q4 , IAI 2q8 , and laser control was 10.4 , 10.5 , and 1.4 letters ( P < 0.0001 ) in VISTA and 10.3 , 11.7 , and 1.6 letters ( P < 0.0001 ) in VIVID , respectively . The proportion of eyes that gained ≥15 letters from baseline at week 148 was 42.9 % , 35.8 % , and 13.6 % ( P < 0.0001 ) in VISTA and 41.2 % , 42.2 % , and 18.9 % ( P < 0.0001 ) in VIVID , respectively . Greater proportions of eyes treated with IAI 2q4 and IAI 2q8 versus those treated with laser control had an improvement of ≥2 steps in the Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale ( DRSS ) score in both VISTA ( 29.9 % and 34.4 % vs. 20.1 % [ P = 0.0350 , IAI 2q4 ; P = 0.0052 , IAI 2q8 ] ) and VIVID ( 44.3 % and 47.8 % vs. 17.4 % [ P < 0.0001 for both ] ) . In an integrated safety analysis , the most frequent ocular serious adverse event was cataract ( 3.1 % , 2.1 % , 0.3 % for 2q4 , 2q8 , and control ) . CONCLUSIONS Visual improvements observed with both IAI regimens ( over laser control ) at weeks 52 and 100 were maintained at week 148 , with similar overall efficacy in the IAI 2q4 and IAI 2q8 groups . Treatment with IAI also had positive effects on the DRSS score . Over 148 weeks , the incidence of adverse events was consistent with the known safety profile of IAI PURPOSE To provide 2-year results comparing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) agents for center-involved diabetic macular edema ( DME ) using a st and ardized follow-up and retreatment regimen . DESIGN R and omized clinical trial . PARTICIPANTS Six hundred sixty participants with visual acuity ( VA ) impairment from DME . METHODS R and omization to 2.0-mg aflibercept , 1.25-mg repackaged ( compounded ) bevacizumab , or 0.3-mg ranibizumab intravitreous injections performed up to monthly using a protocol -specific follow-up and retreatment regimen . Focal/grid laser photocoagulation was added after 6 months if DME persisted . Visits occurred every 4 weeks during year 1 and were extended up to every 4 months thereafter when VA and macular thickness were stable . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in VA , adverse events , and retreatment frequency . RESULTS Median numbers of injections were 5 , 6 , and 6 in year 2 and 15 , 16 , and 15 over 2 years in the aflibercept , bevacizumab , and ranibizumab groups , respectively ( global P = 0.08 ) . Focal/grid laser photocoagulation was administered in 41 % , 64 % , and 52 % , respectively ( aflibercept vs. bevacizumab , P < 0.001 ; aflibercept vs. ranibizumab , P = 0.04 ; bevacizumab vs. ranibizumab , P = 0.01 ) . At 2 years , mean VA improved by 12.8 , 10.0 , and 12.3 letters , respectively . Treatment group differences varied by baseline VA ( P = 0.02 for interaction ) . With worse baseline VA ( 20/50 to 20/320 ) , mean improvement was 18.1 , 13.3 , and 16.1 letters , respectively ( aflibercept vs. bevacizumab , P = 0.02 ; aflibercept vs. ranibizumab , P = 0.18 ; ranibizumab vs. bevacizumab , P = 0.18 ) . With better baseline VA ( 20/32 to 20/40 ) , mean improvement was 7.8 , 6.8 , and 8.6 letters , respectively ( P > 0.10 , for pairwise comparisons ) . Anti-Platelet Trialists ' Collaboration ( APTC ) events occurred in 5 % with aflibercept , 8 % with bevacizumab , and 12 % with ranibizumab ( global P = 0.047 ; aflibercept vs. bevacizumab , P = 0.34 ; aflibercept vs. ranibizumab , P = 0.047 ; ranibizumab vs. bevacizumab , P = 0.20 ; global P = 0.09 adjusted for potential confounders ) . CONCLUSIONS All 3 anti-VEGF groups showed VA improvement from baseline to 2 years with a decreased number of injections in year 2 . Visual acuity outcomes were similar for eyes 
    Output:
    
Similarly , vision gain was not significantly different between cn-AMD patients treated with aflibercept versus ranibizumab .
Rates of systemic serious harms were similar across anti-VEGF agents .
Intravitreal bevacizumab was a reasonable alternative to ranibizumab and aflibercept in patients with cn-AMD , DMO , RVO-MO and m-CNV .
The only exception was for patients with DME and low visual acuity ( < 69 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study [ ETDRS ] letters ) , where treatment with aflibercept was associated with significantly higher vision gain ( ≥15 ETDRS letters ) than bevacizumab or ranibizumab at 12 months ; but the significant effects were not maintained at 24 months .