***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose To evaluate whether the in vitro incubation of spermatozoa with myoinositol may improve the fertilization rate  in ICSI cycles . Methods This is a prospect i ve , bicentric , r and omized study on 500 MII sibling oocytes injected in 78 ICSI cycles performed between March and October 2013 . R and omization of the oocytes into two groups was performed at the time of the denudation . Fertilization rates ( per oocyte injected with spermatozoa treated with myoinositol versus per oocyte injected with spermatozoa treated with placebo ) were measured as primary outcome and embryo morphology as secondary outcome . Clinical outcomes were also documented . Result (s)Fertilization rate ( 78.9 ± 28.6 % vs 63.2 ± 36.7 , P = 0.002 ) and percentage of grade A embryos on day 3 ( 59.8 ± 35.6 % vs 43.5 ± 41.5 , P = 0.019 ) were significantly higher when spermatozoa were treated in vitro with myoinositol versus placebo . No differences were found for the exp and ed blastocyst formation rate . Conclusion (s)In vitro treatment of spermatozoa with myoinositol may optimize ICSI outcomes by improving the fertilization rate and embryo quality on day 3 . The improvement of the number and the quality of embryos available in an ICSI cycle may have clinical utility if these findings can be confirmed OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) of spermatozoa and its correlation with semen parameters and production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in infertile men and healthy donors . DESIGN Controlled prospect i ve study . SETTING Male infertility clinic , Glickman Urological Institute , The Clevel and Clinic Foundation , Clevel and , Ohio . PATIENT(S ) Nineteen infertile men and 7 healthy volunteers . INTERVENTION(S ) St and ard semen analysis , assessment of MMP  and  ROS production  in spermatozoa . The MMP was assessed by flow cytometry using the probe carbocyanine DiOC(6)(3 ) and  ROS  was measured with chemiluminescence assay using luminol . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) The results of MMP are reported as the median interquartile range ( IQR ) number of cells counted in different areas of fluorescence . Results of ROS measurement are expressed as x10(6 ) counted photons per minute per 20 million sperm ( cpm ) . RESULT ( S ) The patients with abnormal semen parameters had a significantly lower MMP [ 1337.7 ( 1066.38 , 1879.2 ) ] , and higher ROS [ 1.12 ( 0.26 , 3.86 ) ] than the donors [ MMP : 2482.9 ( 2162.5 , 3520.6 ) ] and [ ROS : 0.10 ( 0.01 , 0.14 ) ] . The MMP was positively correlated with sperm concentration ( r = 0.62 ) and negatively correlated with the ROS produced ( r = -0.45 ) . CONCLUSION ( S ) Measuring MMP in spermatozoa provides useful information about a man 's fertility potential . Increased ROS production by spermatozoa is associated with a decreased MMP We investigated the effects of folic acid and zinc sulphate supplementation on the improvement of sperm function in subfertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic ( OAT ) men . Eighty‐three OAT men participated in a 16‐week intervention r and omised , double‐blind clinical trial with daily treatment of folic acid ( 5 mg day−1 ) and zinc sulphate ( 220 mg day−1 ) , or placebo . Before and after treatment , semen and blood sample s were obtained for determining sperm concentration , motility , and morphology , sperm viability , sperm mitochondrial function , sperm chromatin status using toluidine blue , aniline blue , acridine orange and chromomycin A3 staining ; and semen and blood folate , zinc , B12 , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) concentrations . Sperm concentration ( ×106 ml−1 ) increased in subfertile men receiving the combined treatment of folic acid and zinc sulphate and also in the group receiving only folic acid treatment ; however , it was not statistically significant ( P = 0.056 and P = 0.05 , respectively ) . Sperm chromatin integrity ( % ) increased significantly in subfertile men receiving only zinc sulphate treatment ( P = 0.048 ) . However , this improvement in sperm quality was not significant after adjusting placebo effect . This study showed that zinc sulphate and folic acid supplementation did not ameliorate sperm quality in infertile men with severely compromised sperm parameters , OAT . Male infertility is a multifactorial disorder , and also nutritional factors play an important role in results of administration of supplementation on sperm parameters . However , these results should be confirmed by multiple studies in larger population s of OAT men Introduction Infertility affects 50 to 80 million ( between 8 and 12 % of couples ) . Male factor is a cause of infertility in almost half of the cases , mainly due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia . DNA fragmentation is now considered an important factor in the aetiology of male infertility . We studied the effects on semen analysis and on DNA fragmentation of in vivo admnistration of Myo-Inositol and Tribulus Terrestris plus Alga Ecklonia plus Biovis ( Tradafertil ; Tradapharma Sagl , Swizerl and ) in men with previously diagnosed male infertility . Material s and Methods Sixty patients were enrolled in the present study and were r and omized into two subgroups : the group A who received Myo-inositol 1000 mg , Tribulus Terrestris 300 mg , Alga Ecklonia Bicyclis 200 mg and Biovis one tablet a day for 90 days , and the group B ( placebo group ) who received one placebo tablet a day for 90 days . The primary efficacy outcome was the improvement of semen characteristics after 3 months ’ therapy and the secondary outcome was the reduction of the DNA fragmentation after treatment . Results The groups were homogenous for age , hormonal levels , sperm concentration and all parameters of sperm analysis . Sperm concentration and progressive motility improved after treatment with Tradafertil ( 3.82 Mil/ml vs. 1.71 Mil/ml ; p<0.05 ; 4.86 % vs. 1.00 % ; p<0.05 ) as well as the DNA fragmentation ( -1.64 % vs -0.39 % , p<0.001 ) . No side effects were revealed . Conclusions In conclusion , we can affirm that Tradafertil is safe and tolerable . It is a new phytotherapic approach to Oligoasthenoteratospermia ( OAT ) syndrome that could lead to good results without interacting with hypothalamic – pituitary – gonadal axis The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of diet supplementation with a highly concentrated and purified docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) formula on human sperm function .  We performed a prospect i ve , r and omized , double blind , placebo-controlled intervention study . One-hundred eighty human semen sample s from sixty infertile patients recruited in a private assisted reproduction center were included . All sample s were examined according to World Health Organization guidelines . We analyzed macroscopic and microscopic sperm parameters , oxidative stress , apoptosis , lipid peroxidation , mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation before and after supplementation with different DHA daily doses ( 0.5 , 1 and 2 g ) or placebo for 1 and 3 months . No differences were found in traditional sperm parameters except for progressive sperm motility , with a significant increase after DHA ingestion after the first month with 1 or 2 g doses and after 3 months with 0.5 g of DHA . This effect was more evident in asthenozoospermic patients . No differences were found in any molecular semen parameter except oxidative stress , in which a slight benefit was observed after DHA treatment . In conclusion , this study support previous indications that highlight the importance of DHA supplementation as a means of improving sperm quality in asthenozoospermic men Male infertility is a multifactorial disorder that affects a significant percentage of couples . Its etiology and pathogenesis remain elusive in about one‐third of the cases ; this is referred to as idiopathic infertility . Inositols mediate the sperm processes involved into oocyte fertilization , such as penetration of the ovum cumulus oophorus , binding with the zona pellucida and the acrosome reaction . The aim of this double‐blind , r and omized , placebo‐controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of myoinositol ( the most abundant form of inositols present in nature ) treatment in men with idiopathic infertility . To accomplish this , we evaluated the effects of myoinositol on sperm parameters and reproductive hormones at baseline and after 3 months of treatment in men with idiopathic infertility .  No adverse reaction was observed . Myoinositol significantly increased the percentage of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa , sperm concentration , and total count and progressive motility compared to placebo . In addition , myoinositol  rebalanced serum luteinizing hormone , follicle‐stimulating hormone , and inhibin B concentrations . The clinical improvement of idiopathic infertile patients should encourage myoinositol use for the treatment of this disorder , even though its detailed mechanisms at the testicular level remain still unclear 
    Output:
    
This is the first systematic review that has attempted to evaluate the effects of antioxidants on MMP and sperm motility .
Although results are not conclusive due to the dearth of studies , the close relationship between mitochondria and sperm motility is clear .
The investigation of this correlation could provide valuable information to be exploited in clinical practice for the treatment of male infertility