***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To determine whether brief intervention and contact is effective in reducing subsequent suicide mortality among suicide attempters in low and middle-income countries . METHODS Suicide attempters ( n = 1867 ) identified by medical staff in the emergency units of eight collaborating hospitals in five culturally different sites ( Campinas , Brazil ; Chennai , India ; Colombo , Sri Lanka ; Karaj , Islamic Republic of Iran ; and Yuncheng , China ) participated , from January 2002 to October 2005 , in a r and omized controlled trial to receive either treatment as usual , or treatment as usual plus brief intervention and contact ( BIC ) , which included patient education and follow-up . Overall , 91 % completed the study . The primary study outcome measurement was death from suicide at 18-month follow-up . FINDINGS Significantly fewer deaths from suicide occurred in the BIC than in the treatment-as-usual group ( 0.2 % versus 2.2 % , respectively ; chi2 = 13.83 , P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION This low-cost brief intervention may be an important part of suicide prevention programmes for underre source d low- and middle-income countries ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of depression , primary care provider ( PCP ) discussion regarding suicidal thoughts among patients with depressive symptoms remains low . OBJECTIVE To determine whether a targeted depression public service announcement ( PSA ) video or an individually tailored interactive multimedia computer program ( IMCP ) leads to increased primary care provider ( PCP ) discussion of suicidal thoughts in patients with elevated risk for clinical depression when compared to an attention control . DESIGN R and omized control trial at five different healthcare systems in Northern California ; two academic , two Veterans Affairs ( VA ) , and one group-model health maintenance organization ( HMO ) . PARTICIPANTS Eight-hundred sixty-seven participants , with mean age 51.7 ; 43.9 % women , 43.4 % from a racial/ethnic minority group . INTERVENTIONThe PSA was targeted to gender and socio-economic status , and design ed to encourage patients to seek depression care or request information regarding depression . The IMCP was an individually tailored interactive health message design ed to activate patients to discuss possible depressive symptoms . The attention control was a sleep hygiene video . MAIN MEASURES Clinician reported discussion of suicidal thoughts . Analyses were stratified by depressive symptom level ( Patient Health Question naire [ PHQ-9 ] score < 9 [ mild or lower ] versus ≥ 10 [ at least moderate]).KEY RESULTS Among patients with a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 , PCP discussion of suicidal thoughts was significantly higher in the IMCP group than in the control group ( adjusted odds ratio = 2.33 , 95 % confidence interval = 1.5 , 5.10 , p = 0.03 ) . There were no significant effects of either intervention on PCP discussion of suicidal thoughts among patients with a PHQ-9 score < 9 . CONCLUSIONS Exposure of patients with at least moderate depressive symptoms to an individually tailored intervention design ed to increase patient engagement in depression care led to increased PCP discussion of suicidal thoughts BACKGROUND Depression and alcohol misuse are among the most prevalent diagnoses in suicide fatalities . The risk posed by these disorders is exacerbated when they co-occur . Limited research has evaluated the effectiveness of common depression and alcohol treatments for the reduction of suicide vulnerability in individuals experiencing comorbidity . METHODS Participants with depressive symptoms and hazardous alcohol use were selected from two r and omised controlled trials . They had received either a brief ( 1 session ) intervention , or depression-focused cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) , alcohol-focused CBT , therapist-delivered integrated CBT , computer-delivered integrated CBT or person-centred therapy ( PCT ) over a 10-week period . Suicidal ideation , hopelessness , depression severity and alcohol consumption were assessed at baseline and 12-month follow-up . RESULTS Three hundred three participants were assessed at baseline and 12 months . Both suicidal ideation and hopelessness were associated with higher severity of depressive symptoms , but not with alcohol consumption . Suicidal ideation did not improve significantly at follow-up , with no differences between treatment conditions . Improvements in hopelessness differed between treatment conditions ; hopelessness improved more in the CBT conditions compared to PCT and in single-focused CBT compared to integrated CBT . LIMITATIONS Low retention rates may have impacted on the reliability of our findings . Combining data from two studies may have result ed in heterogeneity of sample s between conditions . CONCLUSIONS CBT appears to be associated with reductions in hopelessness in people with co-occurring depression and alcohol misuse , even when it is not the focus of treatment . Less consistent results were observed for suicidal ideation . Establishing specific procedures or therapeutic content for clinicians to monitor these outcomes may result in better management of individuals with higher vulnerability for suicide BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the past decade , a large body of research has demonstrated that internet-based interventions can have beneficial effects on depression . However , only a few clinical trials have compared internet-based depression therapy with an equivalent face-to-face treatment . The primary aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of an internet-based intervention with a face-to-face intervention for depression in a r and omized non-inferiority trial . METHOD A total of 62 participants suffering from depression were r and omly assigned to the  therapist-supported internet-based intervention group ( n=32 ) and to the face-to-face intervention ( n=30 ) . The 8 week interventions were based on cognitive-behavioral therapy principles . Patients in both groups received the same treatment modules in the same chronological order and time-frame . Primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II ( BDI-II ) ; secondary outcome variables were suicidal ideation , anxiety , hopelessness and automatic thoughts . RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis yielded no significant between-group difference ( online vs. face-to-face group ) for any of the pre- to post-treatment measurements . At post-treatment both treatment conditions revealed significant symptom changes compared to before the intervention . Within group effect sizes for depression in the online group ( d=1.27 ) and the face-to-face group ( d=1.37 ) can be considered large . At 3-month follow-up , results in the online group remained stable . In contrast to this , participants in the face-to-face group showed significantly worsened depressive symptoms three months after termination of treatment ( t=-2.05 , df=19 , p<.05 ) . LIMITATIONS Due to the small sample size , it will be important to evaluate these outcomes in adequately-powered trials . CONCLUSIONS This study shows that an internet-based intervention for depression is equally beneficial to regular face-to-face therapy . However , more long term efficacy , indicated by continued symptom reduction three months after treatment , could be only be found for the online group We conducted a r and omized controlled trial to test whether a Brief Mobile Treatment ( BMT ) intervention could improve outcomes relative to usual care among suicide attempters . The intervention included training in problem solving therapy , meditation , a brief intervention to increase social support as well as advice on alcohol and other drugs , and mobile phone follow-up . The effect of the intervention was measured in terms of a reduction in suicidal ideation , depression and self-harm at Baseline , six and 12 months . A wait-list control group received usual care .  A total of 68 participants was recruited from a Sri Lankan hospital following a suicide attempt . Participants who received the intervention were found to achieve significant improvements in reducing suicidal ideation and depression than those receiving usual care . The BMT group also experienced a significant improvement of social support when compared to the control group . However , the BMT group did not demonstrate a significant effect in reducing actual self-harm and most substance use , and differential effects on alcohol use were restricted to men . Although the present study was limited in revealing which component of the intervention was more effective in preventing suicide , it showed its efficacy in reducing suicide as a whole Background : prevention of suicide is one of priority world health . Suicide is one of the preventable causes of death . The aim of this study is evaluation of  telephone follow up on suicide reattempt . Material s and Methods : This r and omized controlled clinical trial is a prospect i ve study which has been done in Noor Hospital of Isfahan-Iran , at 2010 . 139 patients who have suicide attempt history divided in one of two groups , r and omly , 70 patients in " treatment as usual ( TAU ) " and 69 patients in " brief interventional control ( BIC ) .  Seven telephone contact with BIC group patients have been done " during six months " and two question naires have been filled in each session . The data has been analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square test , under SPSS . Results : No significant differences of suicide reattempt has been found between two groups ( P = 0.18 ) , but significant reduction in frequency of suicidal thoughts ( P = 0.007 ) and increase in hope at life ( P = 0.001 ) was shown in intervention group . Conclusion : Telephones follow up in patients with suicide history decrease suicidal thought frequency " and increase hope in life , significantly OBJECTIVE This pilot r and omized controlled trial examined the effect of an online intervention for college students at risk for suicide , Electronic Bridge to Mental Health Services ( eBridge ) , which included personalized feedback and optional online counseling delivered in accordance with motivational interviewing principles . Primary outcomes were readiness to seek information or talk with family and friends about mental health treatment , readiness to seek mental health treatment , and actual treatment linkage . METHOD Participants were 76 college students ( 45 women , 31 men ; mean age = 22.9 years , SD = 5.0 years ) at a large public university who screened positive for suicide risk , defined by at least 2 of the following : suicidal thoughts , history of suicide attempt , depression , and alcohol abuse . Racial/ethnic self- identification s were primarily Caucasian ( n = 54 ) and Asian ( n = 21 ) . Students were r and omized to eBridge or the control condition ( personalized feedback only , offered in plain report format ) . Outcomes were measured at 2-month follow-up . RESULTS Despite relatively modest engagement in online counseling ( 29 % of students posted ≥1 message ) , students assigned to eBridge reported significantly higher readiness for help-seeking scores , especially readiness to talk to family , talk to friends , and see a mental health professional . Students assigned to eBridge also reported lower stigma levels and were more likely to link to mental health treatment . CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that offering students personalized feedback and the option of online counseling , using motivational interviewing principles , has a positive impact on students ' readiness to consider and engage in mental health treatment . Further research is warranted to determine the robustness of this effect , the mechanism by which improved readiness and treatment linkage occurs , and the longer term impact on student mental health outcomes BACKGROUND Studies on the effects of interventions in patients who have attempted suicide in China have not reported so far . AIMS To describe the basic situation surrounding the interventions and follow-up of patients who have attempted suicide and to determine whether the interventions would be effective in reducing repeat suicide attempts . METHOD 239 patients who had attempted suicide were evaluated in the emergency departments of four general hospitals . They were r and omized into three groups : cognitive therapy group , telephone intervention group , and control group . Postintervention the participants were evaluated at 3 , 6 , and 12 months separately by the following measurements : a detailed structured question naire , Beck Suicide Ideation Scale ( SIS ) , Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAMD ) , and a quality -of-life scale . RESULTS After 12 months , the cumulative dropout rate was 69.5 % ( n = 57 ) for the cognitive therapy group , 55.0 % ( n = 44 ) for the telephone intervention group , and 64.9 % ( n = 50 ) for the control group . One patient ( 1.2 % ) in the cognitive therapy group , one patient ( 1.3 % ) in the telephone intervention group , and five patients ( 6.5 % ) in the control group made at least one subsequent suicide attempt . The rates of repeated attempted suicide among the three groups were not significantly different ( χ² = 5.077 , p = .08 ) . Five patients ( 6.1 % ) received cognitive therapy , and 60 patients ( 75.0 % ) received telephone intervention . There were no differences regarding the score of HAMD , a quality -of-life scale , and the rates of subsequent suicide attempt and suicide ideation among the three groups at follow-up . CONCLUSIONS The dropout rates were higher than those reported in developed countries . Most participants in the cognitive therapy group refused to receive cognitive therapy so that the effect of cognitive therapy for these patients can not be evaluated . The participants in the telephone intervention group had good compliance , but the effect of telephone intervention could not be confirmed , so that more studies are needed in the future . Consequently , interventions can not be evaluated accurately in their preventing suicide attempts for patients who have attempted suicide in China at present OBJECTIVE We developed a primary care/Internet-based intervention for adolescents at risk for depression ( CATCH-IT , Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive-behavioral , Humanistic and Interpersonal Training ) . This phase II clinical trial compares two forms of primary care provider ( PCP ) engagement ( motivational interview [ MI ] and brief advice [ BA ] ) for adolescents using the Internet program .  METHOD ADOLESCENTS SCREENING POSITIVE FOR DEPRESSION WERE RECRUITED FROM PRIMARY CARE PRACTICE S AND R AND OMLY ASS 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Intervention effectiveness was variable , but several technology-enhanced interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation and mental health co-morbidities .