***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) is a potential synthetic lethal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers with specific DNA-repair defects , including those arising in carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation . We conducted a clinical evaluation in humans of olaparib ( AZD2281 ) , a novel , potent , orally active PARP inhibitor . METHODS This was a phase 1 trial that included the analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of olaparib . Selection was aim ed at having a study population enriched in carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation . RESULTS We enrolled and treated 60 patients ; 22 were carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and 1 had a strong family history of BRCA-associated cancer but declined to undergo mutational testing . The olaparib dose and schedule were increased from 10 mg daily for 2 of every 3 weeks to 600 mg twice daily continuously . Reversible dose-limiting toxicity was seen in one of eight patients receiving 400 mg twice daily ( grade 3 mood alteration and fatigue ) and two of five patients receiving 600 mg twice daily ( grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 somnolence ) . This led us to enroll another cohort , consisting only of carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation , to receive olaparib at a dose of 200 mg twice daily . Other adverse effects included mild gastrointestinal symptoms . There was no obvious increase in adverse effects seen in the mutation carriers . Pharmacokinetic data indicated rapid absorption and elimination ; pharmacodynamic studies confirmed PARP inhibition in surrogate sample s ( of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and plucked eyebrow-hair follicles ) and tumor tissue . Objective antitumor activity was reported only in mutation carriers , all of whom had ovarian , breast , or prostate cancer and had received multiple treatment regimens . CONCLUSIONS Olaparib has few of the adverse effects of conventional chemotherapy , inhibits PARP , and has antitumor activity in cancer associated with the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation . ( Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT00516373 . Although ovarian cancer treatment has advanced in the last 20 years , long-term survival remains stable . The purpose of this study was to determine whether survival has improved in line with treatment advances in a population -based prospect i ve cohort of ovarian cancer patients ( 1978 - 1997 , with a follow-up through to 2000 ) . The 10-year overall survival rate for cancer patients was similar before and after 1988 : 32.2 % ( n=1661 ) and 34.4 % ( n=2089 ) . For patients after 1988 , a 12-month prolongation of median survival was observed . In terms of stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ( FIGO ) , only FIGO I and FIGO II patients showed , in addition to a prolongation in survival , an absolute improvement of 12.9 and 12.6 % after 5 years and of 13.2 and 8.6 % after 10 years . This hardly affected the survival of the total sample . For the most frequent stage FIGO III patients and for FIGO IV patients , a prolongation in survival time , but no improvement in survival rate , was seen after five or 10 years . The progress in FIGO I and II patients may be due to more accurate staging . More effective chemotherapy may also explain some of the improvement . The prolongation in FIGO-stages III-IV may be due to more radical surgery . Patient selection criteria , not only the treatment modalities , may be responsible for the superior results reported in clinical trials . Cancer registries are important for evaluating the quality of healthcare delivery 
    Output:
    
There are to date no published RCT data on the effectiveness and side effects of  DNA-repair pathways inhibitors  used alone or in association with conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer .