***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To assess the effect of a neuromuscular training program on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team h and ball players . Design Prospect i ve intervention study . Setting Female team h and ball : Division I – III in Norway . Participants Players from the three top divisions : control season ( 1998–1999 ) , 60 teams ( 942 players ) ; first intervention season ( 1999–2000 ) , 58 teams ( 855 players ) ; second intervention season ( 2000–2001 ) , 52 teams ( 850 players ) . InterventionA five-phase program ( duration , 15 min ) with three different balance exercises focusing on neuromuscular control and planting/l and ing skills was developed and introduced to the players in the autumn of 1999 and revised before the start of the season in 2000 . The teams were instructed in the program and supplied with an instructional video , poster , six balance mats , and six wobble boards . Additionally , a physical therapist was attached to each team to follow up with the intervention program during the second intervention period . Main Outcome Measures The number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries during the three seasons and compliance with the program . Results There were  29 anterior cruciate ligament injuries  during the control season , 23 injuries during the first intervention season ( OR , 0.87 ; CI , 0.50–1.52 ; p = 0.62 ) , and 17 injuries during the second intervention season ( OR , 0.64 ; CI , 0.35–1.18 ; p = 0.15 ) . In the elite division , there were 13 injuries during the control season , six injuries during the first intervention season ( OR , 0.51 ; CI , 0.19–1.35 ; p = 0.17 ) , and five injuries in the second intervention season ( OR , 0.37 ; CI , 0.13–1.05 ; p = 0.06 ) . For the entire cohort , there was no difference in injury rates during the second intervention season between those who complied and those who did not comply ( OR , 0.52 ; CI , 0.15–1.82 ; p = 0.31 ) . In the elite division , the risk of injury was reduced among those who completed the anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program ( OR , 0.06 ; CI , 0.01–0.54 ; p = 0.01 ) compared with those who did not . Conclusions This study shows that it is possible to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries with specific neuromuscular training Abstract . This prospect i ve r and omized intervention investigated whether training on a balance board could reduce the amount of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players . A total of 221 female soccer players from 13 different teams playing in the second and third Swedish divisions volunteered to participate in the study . Seven teams ( n=121 ) were r and omized to an intervention group and six teams ( n=100 ) to a control group and were followed during one outdoor season ( April – October ) . Before and after the season muscle flexibility and balance/postural sway of the lower extremities were measured in the players . There were no significant differences in age , height , weight , muscle flexibility and balance/postural sway of the lower extremities between the intervention and the control group . During the season the players in the intervention group performed a special training program consisting of 10–15 min of balance board training in addition to their st and ard soccer practice and games . After a 37 % drop-out the intervention group consisted of 62 players and the control group of 78 players . The results showed no significant differences between the groups with respect either to the number , incidence , or type of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities . The incidence rate of " major " injuries was higher in the intervention group than in the control group . Four of five anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred in the intervention group , which means that we could not prevent severe knee injuries in female soccer players with balance board training . However , among the players who had been injured during the 3-month period prior to this investigation there were significantly more players from the control group than from the intervention group who sustained new injuries during the study period Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the rate of acute knee injury  in adolescent female football players . Design Stratified cluster r and omised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of r and omisation . Setting 230 Swedish football clubs ( 121 in the intervention group , 109 in the control group ) were followed for one season ( 2009 , seven months ) . Participants 4564 players aged 12 - 17 years ( 2479 in the intervention group , 2085 in the control group ) completed the study . Intervention 15 minute neuromuscular warm-up programme ( targeting core stability , balance , and proper knee alignment ) to be carried out twice a week throughout the season . Main outcome measures The primary outcome was rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury ; secondary outcomes were rates of severe knee injury ( > 4 weeks ’ absence ) and any acute knee injury . Results Seven players ( 0.28 % ) in the intervention group , and 14 ( 0.67 % ) in the control group had an anterior cruciate ligament injury . By Cox regression analysis according to intention to treat , a 64 % reduction in the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury was seen in the intervention group ( rate ratio 0.36 , 95 % confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85 ) . The absolute rate difference was −0.07 ( 95 % confidence interval −0.13 to 0.001 ) per 1000 playing hours in favour of the intervention group . No significant rate reductions were seen for secondary outcomes . Conclusions A neuromuscular warm-up programme significantly reduced the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in adolescent female football players . However , the absolute rate difference did not reach statistical significance , possibly owing to the small number of events . Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00894595 Previous research suggests high impact forces generated during l and ings contribute to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries . In women , neuromuscular differences appear to modify the ability to dissipate l and ing forces when compared to men . This study examined peak vertical impact forces ( Fp ) and rate of force development ( RFD ) following a 9-week , low-intensity ( simple jump-l and ing-jump tasks ) and volume ( number of foot contacts per workout ) plyometric-based knee ligament injury prevention ( KLIP ) program . Female subjects were r and omly assigned into control ( n = 14 ) and treatment ( n = 14 ) groups . Treatment subjects attended KLIP sessions twice a week for 9 weeks , and control subjects received no intervention .  Ground reaction forces ( Fp and RFD ) generated during a step-l and protocol were assessed at study onset and termination . Significant reductions in Fp ( p = 0.0004 ) and RFD ( p = 0.0205 ) were observed in the treatment group . Our results indicate that 9 weeks of KLIP training altered l and ing strategies in women to lower Fp and RFD . These changes are considered conducive to a reduced risk of knee injury while l and ing Background Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs have used videotapes of jump-l and ing technique as a key instructional component to improve l and ing performance . Hypothesis All videotape feedback model groups will increase knee flexion angles at initial contact and overall knee flexion motion and decrease peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak proximal anterior tibial shear forces to a greater extent than will a nonfeedback group . The secondary hypothesis is that the videotape feedback using the combination of the expert and self models will create the greatest change in each variable . Study Design Controlled laboratory study . Methods Knee kinematics and kinetics of college-aged recreational athletes r and omly placed in 3 different videotape feedback model groups ( expert only , self only , combination of expert and self ) and a nonfeedback group were collected while participants performed a basketball jump-l and ing task on 3 testing occasions . Results All feedback groups significantly increased knee angular displacement flexion angles [ F(6,70 ) = 8.03 , P = . 001 ] and decreased peak vertical ground reaction forces [ F(6,78 ) = 2.68 , P = . 021 ] during performance and retention tests . The self and combination groups significantly increased knee angular displacement flexion angles more than the control group did ; the expert model group did not change significantly more than the control group did . All feedback groups and the nonfeedback group significantly reduced peak vertical forces across performance and retention tests . There were no statistically significant changes in knee flexion angle at initial ground contact ( P = . 111 ) and peak proximal anterior tibial shear forces ( P = . 509 ) for both testing sessions for each group . Conclusion The use of self or combination videotape feedback is most useful for increasing knee angular displacement flexion angles and reducing peak vertical forces during l and ing . Clinical Relevance The use of self or combination modeling is more effective than is expert-only modeling for the implementation of instructional programs aim ed at reducing the risk of jump-l and ing anterior cruciate ligament injuries Background : Few authors have investigated the effectiveness of preventive intervention in European team h and ball . Purpose : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of injuries in female European team h and ball players . Study design : Prospect i ve controlled study . Methods : Ten female h and ball teams ( 134 players ) took part in the prevention program ( 1 . Information about injury mechanism , 2 . Balance-board exercises , 3 . Jump training )  while 10 other teams ( 142 players )  were instructed to train as usual . Over one season all injuries were documented weekly . Results : Ankle sprain was the most frequent diagnosis in both groups with 11 ankle sprains in the control group and 7 ankle sprains in the intervention group ( Odds ratio : 0.55 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.22–1.43 ) . The knee was the second frequent injury site . In the control group 5 of all knee injuries were anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) ruptures ( incidence : 0.21 per 1000 h ) in comparison with one in the intervention group ( incidence : 0.04 per 1000 h ) . Odds ratio was 0.17 with 95 % confidence interval of 0.02–1.5 . Conclusions : This study confirms that proprioceptive and neuromuscular training is appropriate for the prevention of knee and ankle injuries among female European team h and ball players CONTEXT Improving neuromuscular control of hamstrings muscles might have implication s for decreasing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females . OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a 6-week agility training program on quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation , knee flexion angles , and peak vertical ground reaction force . DESIGN Prospect i ve , r and omized clinical research trial . SETTING Sports medicine research laboratory . PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirty female intramural basketball players with no history of knee injury ( age = 21.07 + /- 2.82 years , height = 171.27 + /- 4.66 cm , mass = 66.36 + /- 7.41 kg ) . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants were assigned to an agility training group or a control group that did not participate in agility training . Participants in the agility training group trained 4 times per week for 6 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) We used  surface electromyography to assess muscle activation for the rectus femoris , vastus medialis oblique , medial hamstrings , and lateral hamstrings for 50 milliseconds before initial ground contact and while the foot was in contact with the ground during a side-step pivot maneuver . Knee flexion angles ( at initial ground contact , maximum knee flexion , knee flexion displacement ) and peak vertical ground reaction force also were assessed during this maneuver . RESULTS Participants in the training group increased medial hamstrings activation during ground contact after the 6-week agility training program . Both groups decreased their vastus medialis oblique muscle activation during ground contact . Knee flexion angles and peak vertical ground reaction force did not change for either group . CONCLUSIONS Agility training improved medial hamstrings activity in female intramural basketball players during a side-step pivot maneuver . Agility training that improves hamstrings activity might have implication s for reducing anterior cruciate ligament sprain injury associated with side-step pivots Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of a structured warm-up programme design ed to reduce the incidence of knee and ankle injuries in young people participating in sports . Design Cluster r and omised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of r and omisation . Setting 120 team h and ball clubs from central and eastern Norway ( 61 clubs in the intervention group , 59 in the control group ) followed for one league season ( eight months ) . Participants 1837 players aged 15 - 17 years ; 958 players ( 808 female and 150 male ) in the intervention group ; 879 players ( 778 female and 101 male ) in the control group . Intervention A structured warm-up programme to improve running , cutting , and l and ing technique as well as neuromuscular control , balance , and strength . Main outcome measure The rate of acute injuries to the knee or ankle . Results During the season , 129 acute knee or ankle injuries occurred , 81 injuries in the control group ( 0.9 ( SE 0.09 ) injuries per 1000 player hours ; 0.3 ( SE 0.17 ) in training v 5.3 ( SE 0.06 ) during matches ) and 48 injuries in the intervention group ( 0.5 ( SE 0. 
    Output:
    
While ACL prevention programmes are successful in reducing the risk of ACL injury , the ideal combination and emphasis of training components within these programmes remains unclear .
Evidence indicates that greater emphases on balance training and static stretching may be associated with an increase and decrease in injury risk , respectively