***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of life review ( LR ) based on specific positive events in non-depressed older adults taking part in an active aging program . Method : Fifty-five older adults were r and omly assigned to an experimental group or an active control ( AC ) group . A six-session individual training of LR based on specific positive events was carried out with the experimental group . The AC group undertook a “ media workshop ” of six sessions focused on learning journalistic techniques . Pre-test and post-test measures included life satisfaction , depressive symptoms , experiencing the environment as rewarding , and autobiographical memory ( AM ) scales . Results : LR intervention decreased depressive symptomatology , improved life satisfaction , and increased specific memories . Discussion : The findings suggest that practice in AM for specific events is an effective component of LR that could be a useful tool in enhancing emotional well-being in active aging programs , thus reducing depressive symptoms Surviving events that have posed a serious threat to life can result in major psychological problems during the recovery period . Younger patients , with years of life ahead of them , are at risk of depression and loss of self-esteem following their ordeal , despite their physical recovery . Traditional forms of counselling and psychotherapy following traumatic events can sometimes carry a stigma and be viewed as ' disease centred ' . Reminiscence and life review therapies , used until now , with the elderly , appear to have valuable transferable benefits to younger survivors of critical illness .  Life review and reminiscent interventions  are holistic and person centred , techniques resonating with the essence of critical care nursing . Life review and reminiscence can be used therapeutically from an early stage to help minimize the negative psychological effects of being critically ill The purpose of this r and omized , controlled trial was to test the efficacy of a community-based intervention , the Life Story Workshop , on depressive symptoms , operationalized as depression subscale scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 , in adults age 60 and older . Thirty-three men and women were r and omly assigned to one of two groups : an intervention group that attended 2-hour workshops once a week for 10 weeks or a wait-list control group . The intervention provided an opportunity for older participants to reflect on , write , and share stories about their lived and current lives . The depression subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 was administered before and after the workshops . Mean depression scores were compared using Welch 's t test . A significant improvement was measured for the intervention group compared with the control group ( p = .03 ) . This research supports the Life Story Workshop as an effective intervention for improving depressive symptoms in older adults OBJECTIVE This study was aim ed at evaluating whether a Life Review Group Program ( LRGP ) improved the self-esteem and life satisfaction in the elderly . METHODS This r and omized , controlled trial consisted of 75 elderly males from a Veterans ' Home in Northern Taiwan , 36 of whom were in the experimental group and 39 of whom were in the control group . The subjects in the experimental group participated in an 8-week LRGP . Data were collected before and after the LRGP and again 1 month after the end of the program . RESULTS The study subjects had a mean age of 78.13 years . The generalized estimating equation was used to compare alterations in the self-esteem and life satisfaction of the elderly before and after the intervention . The alterations in self-esteem and life satisfaction in the experimental group after the LRGP were significantly improved compared to the control group . One month after the LRGP was completed , the self-esteem and life satisfaction of the experimental group continued to improve when compared with pre-intervention levels . CONCLUSIONS Based on these results , the LRGP can potentially improve the self-affirmation , confidence , and self-esteem of the elderly and promote short-term life satisfaction . The results of this study provide a model for clinical evidence -based therapy , serving as a reference for related studies and evaluation of health-promoting programs , as well as improving the health and quality of care of the elderly BACKGROUND France has high rates of psychotropic drug consumption and suicide in the elderly population , but it has not yet been possible to determine whether this is due to exceptionally high morbidity rates . AIMS To describe the first longitudinal population study of psychiatric disorder undertaken in France , and to estimate current and lifetime prevalences and age of onset of psychiatric disorder . METHOD A study group of 1873 non-institutionalised persons aged 65 years and over was r and omly recruited from the Montpellier district electoral rolls . The  Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview  was used to assess current and lifetime symptoms . Cases identified by the application of DSM-IV criteria were re-examined by a clinical panel . RESULTS Forty-six per cent of the study population had experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime , and 3.7 % had made a suicide attempt . Lifetime prevalence of major depression was 26.5 % and 30 % for anxiety disorders . Current prevalence rates were 14.2 % for anxiety disorders , 10.7 % for phobia , 3 % for major depression and 1.7 % for psychosis . CONCLUSIONS Results show very high rates of lifetime but not current major depression . Rates of current phobia and suicidal ideation in the very elderly are also high compared with other studies . The rates reported are likely to be underestimates This study examined the underlying variables of selected reminiscing processes to determine those that contributed to well-being . Two hundred and forty subjects r and omly selected from nursing homes and high-rises participated in one of 10 different reminiscing modalities for eight weeks . Measures of life satisfaction ( LSI-A ) , psychological well being ( ABS ) , self-esteem ( SES ) , and depression ( BDI ) were given pre- and postintervention to determine the most therapeutic treatment modalities . Results showed the most therapeutic way to reminisce was through a structured , evaluative life review performed on an individual basis . Thus , three variables contributed to successful reminiscing : individuality ( one-to-one reminiscing ) , evaluation ( a personal valuing of events ) , and structure ( covering the whole life span ) People living with AIDS ( PLWA ) are confronted with uncertainty and their own mortality at an earlier than expected age . Life review , an intervention that has the potential to increase life satisfaction in the elderly experiencing transition points in their lives , may have a similar effect when used with PLWA . Therefore , the purpose of this feasibility study was to explore the use of life review in a sample of 20 PLWA through a r and omized controlled trial of its effectiveness in decreasing depressive symptoms and in increasing self esteem , quality of life , and purpose in life . Compared to the control group , the treatment group had an improved overall quality of life and self-esteem over 12 months , less depressive symptoms over 12 months , and a greater purpose in life at 3 months . The effects that were seen were mainly small to medium effects . The findings from this feasibility study suggest the potential value of life review to enhance quality of life , purpose in life , and self-esteem , and to decrease depressive symptoms in PLWA . Further research is needed with a larger sample and with other groups such as PLWA experiencing virologic failure Background : The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of life review activities on the quality of life ( QOL ) of the elderly by conducting a r and omized controlled trial , and to identify the factors that should be taken into consideration when conducting life review activities . Methods : Written consent was obtained from 80 of the 97 eligible elderly persons . After r and omly assigning them to two groups , an intervention group and a control group , group life review activities were conducted in the intervention group and discussion activities about health were conducted in the control group . In both the intervention group and the control group , life satisfaction , self-esteem , depression , and hopelessness were evaluated using self-rating scales at three points : at baseline , immediately after completion of the 8 weeks of sessions , and 3 months after completion of the intervention . Results : Repeated measures analysis of covariance showed significant differences between the two groups in the changes in scores for depression ( p = 0.04 ) and hopelessness ( p = 0.04 ) . Regarding the factors that were associated with depression and hopelessness , 3 months after completion of the intervention , depression and hopelessness of a more severe nature at baseline and having greater unresolved conflicts in the past were extracted by multiple regression analysis . Conclusions : The results suggested that group life review activities have a role in assisting the developmental stage of old age and supporting mental health , and have mid- to long-term effectiveness in maintaining and improving the QOL of the elderly Background and aims : As life expectancy rises worldwide and the population grows older , psychopathology in older adults becomes a significant public health concern and intervention methods acquire renewed importance . The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of Life Review as an intervention strategy in working with older women with depressive symptoms , specifically through promotion of the specificity of autobiographical memories . Methods : Twenty-two participants were r and omly assigned to experimental or control conditions . Intervention consisted of four individual sessions of Life Review , structured along 14 questions aim ed at prompting autobiographical memory specificity . Participants in the control condition did not receive intervention . Results : Results indicated a significant change in the experimental group , appearing as the reduction of depressive symptoms ( t(20)=3.58 , p<0.05 ) and an increase in life satisfaction ( t(20)=−3.83 , p<0.05 ) , as well as a significant increase in the specificity ( t(20)=−3.46 , p<0.05 ) and positivity ( t(20)=−4.23 , p<0.05 ) of autobiographical memories . All variables reached high effect sizes , with an effect size of r=0.64 regarding depressive symptoms . Conclusions : Results suggest that Life Review is a valuable tool for use with older adults , and that promotion of specific autobiographical memories is a mechanism through which the strategy attains its effectiveness OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of engaging in the occupation-based intervention of life review through writing on expressed depressive symptoms as measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale in older adults residing in senior residences . METHOD The study design was a r and omized controlled trial that took place in four senior residences in New York City . Forty-five participants ( 23 treatment , 22 wait-list control ) ≥ 65 yr old participated in the 8-wk , once-weekly autobiographical writing workshop , Share Your Life Story ( Sierpina , 2002 ) . RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly less prevalent for the treatment group than for the control group after the 8-wk life review program ( repeated- measures analysis of variance p = .03 ) . CONCLUSION The results suggest that the Share Your Life Story writing workshop is an effective occupation-based intervention for occupational therapists to use with older adults who reside in senior residences This pilot study sought to determine if the use of Life Review Therapy would result in lower levels of depression and higher degrees of life satisfaction in individuals with right hemisphere cerebral vascular accidents ( CVAs ) . Fourteen subjects in a southern rehabilitation center were r and omly assigned to either an experimental or control group . The experimental group received three one-hour sessions of Life Review Therapy and the control group viewed three one-hour sessions of neutral video with a follow-up discussion . Following the third session of each group , subjects were administered the Zung Scale for Depression and the Life Satisfaction Index — Form Z. A one-way ANOVA revealed a significantly lower level of depression ( p < .01 ) and a significantly higher degree of life satisfaction ( p < .01 ) in the Life Review Therapy group The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of life review based on autobiographical retrieval practice for treating depressed older adults . Forty-three adults aged 65 - 93 with clinical ly significant depressive symptomatology and no dementia were r and omly assigned to treatment or to no treatment . The results indicated significant differences between experimental and control groups after 4 weeks of autobiographical retrieval practice . At posttest , those in the treatment condition showed fewer depressive symptoms , less hopelessness , improved life satisfaction , and retrieval of more specific events . The findings suggest that practice in autobiographical memory for specific events may be among the components of life review that account for its effectiveness and could be a useful tool in psychotherapy with older adults OBJECTIVES To study the onset and compare risk factors for pure depression ( DEP ) , pure anxiety ( ANX ) , and comorbid anxiety-depression ( ANXDEP ) in the aging population . DESIGN Prospect i ve study with 3-year intervals over a 9-year period . SETTING Data of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used , which is a population -based study among older adults ( 55 - 85 years at baseline ) . PARTICIPANTS Older adults free of depression and anxiety at baseline ( N = 1,712 ) . MEASUREMENTS Clinical ly relevant levels of depression and anxiety were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale > or = 16 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale > or = 7 , respectively . A broad range of potential sociodemographic , health , and psychosocial risk factors for anxiety and /or depression were examined by using polytomous logistic regression analyses . RESULTS Within 9 years , 184 subjects ( 10.8 % ) developed DEP , 93 ( 5.4 % ) ANX , and 103 ( 6.0 % ) ANXDEP . Concerning sociodemographics , higher age and lower educational level were predictors for DEP . Health indicators were predictive for DEP and ANXDEP but not for ANX . Depressive symptoms at baseline were predictive for DEP , whereas initial anxiety symptoms were predictive for ANX and ANXDEP . Neuroticism increased the risk of DEP and ANXDEP . Mixed effects of psychosocial variables were found : DEP was associated with recent widowhood , whereas ANX and ANXDEP were associated with 
    Output:
    
Life review is a worthwhile intervention for reducing depression and hopelessness , and improving quality of life , well-being and specific memory in older adults .