***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: BACKGROUND Low socio-economic status ( SES ) is an established risk factor of suicidal behaviours , but it is unknown to what extent its association is direct , indirect or confounded , given its strong association to mental health . We aim ed to ( I ) estimate the prevalence of suicidal behaviours ; ( II ) describe relevant risk factors ; and ( III ) investigate direct and indirect effects of SES on suicidal behaviours . METHODS We used  cross-sectional community survey data of adults from r and omly selected South East London households ( SELCoH ) .  Suicidal outcome measures replicated the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in Engl and ( APMS ) . Lifetime prevalence was described by socio-demographics , SES , mental health indicators , and life events . Structured symptom screens and a drug use question naire measured mental health . Structural equation models estimated direct and indirect effects of a latent SES variable on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts , adjusting for covariates . RESULTS 20.5 % ( 95 % CI : 18.4 - 22.7 ) reported suicidal ideation and 8.1 % ( 95 % CI : 6.8 - 9.7 ) reported suicide attempts ( higher than APMS estimates : 13.7 % , 4.8 % , respectively ) . Unadjusted risk factors included poor mental health , low SES , and non-married/non-cohabitating relationship status . Black African ethnicity was protective , and women reported more suicide attempts . SES was directly associated to suicide attempts , but not suicidal ideation . SES had indirect effects on suicidal outcomes via mental health and life events . LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design and application of measures for different time periods did not allow for causal inferences . CONCLUSIONS Suicidal behaviours were more prevalent than in the general UK population . Interventions targeting low SES individuals may prove effective in preventing suicide attempts Purpose Previous cross-sectional studies have indicated that homeless individuals may present with high rates of suicidal ideation , which are strongly associated with completed suicide . We conducted the first known longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in the homeless . Methods We used data collected over 24 months in the Vancouver At Home project ( N = 497 ) , comprised two r and omized-controlled trials of housing interventions for homeless individuals with mental disorders . Presence of suicidal ideation was determined using the Colorado symptom index . Results Suicidal ideation significantly decreased over time [ odds ratio ( OR ) = 0.31 at 24 months , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.21–0.46 ] . Baseline diagnoses of mood ( OR = 2.18 , 95 % CI 1.48–3.21 ) and anxiety disorders ( OR = 2.05 , 95 % CI 1.42–2.97 ) , as well as depressive mood ( OR = 2.52 , 95 % CI 1.90–3.33 ) , use of any substance ( OR = 1.59 , 95 % CI 1.09–2.32 ) , and polysubstance use ( OR = 1.90 , 95 % CI 1.40–2.60 ) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in the multivariate model . Baseline diagnosis of a psychotic disorder ( protective effect ) , daily substance use , intravenous drug use , recent arrest , multiple physical illnesses and history of traumatic brain injury were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in the unadjusted model only . Conclusions Interventions targeting depressive symptoms and substance use could help decrease suicide risk in homeless individuals . Mental health services need to be tailored to address the complex needs of socially marginalized individuals . Trial registration Current controlled trials : IS RCT N57595077 ( Vancouver At Home study : Housing First plus Assertive Community Treatment versus congregate housing plus supports versus treatment as usual ) and IS RCT N66721740 ( Vancouver At Home study : Housing first plus intensive case management versus treatment as usual ) . Assigned 9 Oct. 2012 Background People with severe mental disorders are associated with increased risk of suicide and suicide attempts compared to the general population . In low and middle-income countries , research concerning suicide attempts and completed suicide among people living with severe mental disorder is limited . The objective of this study was to assess suicide and attempts in people with severe mental disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia . Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in August – September 2016 . Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were selected using systematic r and om-sampling technique . The composite international diagnostic interview was used to assess suicide that was administered by psychiatry professionals . Substance use disorder was assessed through face-to-face interviews using structured clinical interview of DSM-IV . Results A total of 542 ( 272 schizophrenia + 270 bipolar disorder ) patients were included in the study . One hundred nineteen ( 43.75 % ) of schizophrenic participants and 128 ( 47.1 % ) of bipolar participants have suicidal ideation . Fifty-six ( 20.7 % ) of schizophrenic participants and 58 ( 21.3 % ) of bipolar participants have suicidal attempt . Among the schizophrenic and bipolar patients who had suicidal ideation , 31.8 and 32.60 % had co-morbid substance use disorder , respectively . Conclusion In this study , which was performed in Ethiopia , suicidal ideation and attempt were shown to be common problems in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder . Co-morbid substance use disorder was a more frequent phenomenon among patients with suicidal ideation and attempt . Attention should be given to screen and assess suicidal ideation and attempt in persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder ABSTRACT Background : Traumatic life events have been associated with increased risk of various psychiatric disorders , even suicidality . Our aim was to investigate the association between different traumatic life events and suicidality , by type of event and gender . Methods : Women attending a cancer screening programme in Icel and ( n = 689 ) and a r and om sample of men from the general population ( n = 709 ) were invited to participate . In a web-based question naire , life events were assessed with the  Life Stressor Checklist – Revised  , and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) criterion was used to identify traumatic life events . Reports of lifetime suicidal thoughts , self-harm with suicidal intent and suicide attempt were considered as lifetime suicidality . We used Poisson regression , adjusted for demographic factors , to express relative risks ( RRs ) as a measure of the associations between traumatic events and suicidality . Results : Response rate was 66 % ( 922/1398 ) . The prevalence of lifetime traumatic events was 76 % among women and 77 % among men . Lifetime suicidality was 11 % among women and 16 % among men . An overall association of having experienced traumatic life events with suicidality was observed [ RR 2.05 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.21–3.75 ] , with a stronger association for men ( RR 3.14 , 95 % CI 1.25–7.89 ) than for women ( RR 1.45 , 95 % CI 0.70–2.99 ) . Increased likelihood for suicidality was observed among those who had experienced interpersonal trauma ( RR 2.97 , 95 % CI 1.67–5.67 ) , childhood trauma ( RR 4.09 , 95 % CI 2.27–7.36 ) and sexual trauma ( RR 3.44 , 95 % CI 1.85–6.37 ) , with a higher likelihood for men . In addition , an association between non-interpersonal trauma and suicidality was noted among men ( RR 3.27 , 95 % CI 1.30–8.25 ) but not women ( RR 1.27 , 95 % CI 0.59–2.70 ) . Conclusion : Findings indicate that traumatic life events are associated with suicidality , especially among men , with the strongest association for interpersonal trauma 
    Output:
    
The current review revealed a remarkably higher magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt among homeless people as compared to the estimated prevalence in the general population .