***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: We hypothesized that leg-length discrepancies of as little as 1 cm would induce a significant postural shift and increase the extent of postural sway . We had 14 normal volunteers st and on a force platform with their feet in a st and ard position  . Center-of-pressure data  were recorded at 100Hz for 20 seconds while the subjects stood barefoot with no lifts or ( in r and om order ) with lifts of 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 cm under their left and right feet . From these data we derived the mean center-of-pressure position and the extent of postural sway .  Lifts of as little as 1 cm shifted the mean center-of-pressure toward the longer leg to a statistically significant extent ( p less than 0.001 ) , the mean difference compared with the barefoot condition being 6.1 % of the distance between the feet ; increasing the discrepancy did not proportionately increase the effect . The postural sway ( total travel of the center-of-pressure ) in a mediolateral direction increased significantly with a 1 cm discrepancy ( p less than 0.01 ) , and continued to increase in proportion to the magnitude of the discrepancy . There were no effects on anteroposterior position or sway and no influence of left-right dominance . These results support our hypothesis that a leg-length discrepancy of as little as 1 cm may be biomechanically important Current surgery outcome evaluations in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease ( LCPD ) are usually based on static radiological changes . The aim of the present study was to assess the development of characteristic gait parameters and passive hip range of motion ( ROM ) measurements during the postoperative period up to healed stage of the femoral head represented by Stulberg classification . Twelve children ( 10 male , 2 female ) with unilateral diagnosis of LCPD and 19 healthy control subjects at the same age participated in this prospect i ve longitudinal study .  Instrumented gait analysis  was performed preoperatively , 13.4 ( ±1.7 ) , and 28.0 ( ±4.4 ) months postoperatively . At final follow-up , the mean leg length of the involved side was reduced by 1.10 (±0.53)cm compared to the non-involved side . In addition , a significant reduction in maximum knee flexion ( -26 % , p=0.037 ) and knee flexion/extension ROM ( -26 % , p=0.017 ) in stance was still present in the patient group compared to controls indicating a " stiff knee gait pattern " . In contrast , the sagittal plane hip parameters , the ipsilateral trunk lean toward the involved stance limb , and the knee and hip joint loading during gait normalized during the postoperative period . The results of the present study should motivate further exploration if patients with LCPD stiffen their knees to compensate for leg length discrepancy . Besides the st and ard radiological evaluation of the surgery outcome , instrumented gait analysis is a valuable method of recording functional deficits and early recognition of the need for physiotherapeutic treatment or insole supply in patients with LCPD Abstract The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of experimental leg length discrepancies on body posture and dental occlusion .  Thirty asymptomatic subjects ( 15 males and 15 females , ages 19 - 33 , mean age 25.6 years ) were included in this study and r and omly assigned to one of two groups based on a table of r and om numbers . The only difference between group A and group B was the sequence of testing . Experimental leg length discrepancies were provided by using ten types of insoles with heights ranging from one to ten mm at one mm intervals , placed under both feet . The MatScan ( Nitta Corp. , Osaka , Japan ) system was used to measure changes in body posture ( center of foot pressure : COP ) while subjects maintained the following three postural positions : 1 . natural st and ing posture ( control ) ; 2 . control with a heel lift under the right foot ; or 3 . control with a heel lift under the left foot . The T-Scan II system ( Nitta Corp. , Osaka , Japan ) was used to analyze the results of changes in dental occlusion ( center of occlusal force : COF ) in the above-mentioned three postural positions . When subjects used a heel lift of six mm or more under the right foot , lateral weight distribution ( LWD ) shifted to the right side compared to the control ( p<0.05 ) . When a heel lift of four mm or more was used under the left foot , LWD shifted to the left side compared to the control ( p<0.05 ) . When subjects used a heel lift of eight mm or more under the right foot , occlusal force shifted to the right side compared to the control ( p<0.05 ) . When subjects used a heel lift of seven mm or more under the left foot , occlusal force shifted to the left side compared to the control ( p<0.05 ) . Based on these findings , it was concluded that leg length discrepancy affected body posture and dental occlusion Acromegaly is a chronic debilitating disease that presents with multiple systemic manifestations , including changes in body composition , joint abnormalities , muscular impairment and visual disturbances . This study aim ed to assess posture and body balance in acromegalic patients and to establish the correlation between these measures . Twenty-eight acromegalic patients and a similar number of control subjects matched for sex , age , weight , height and body mass index underwent  postural evaluation using the photogrammetry and measurement of balance using the stabilometry in two tasks : feet apart , eyes open and feet together , eyes closed . In comparison with the control group , the acromegalic group presented postural deviations in lateral views in the vertical alignment of the trunk ( P=0.001 for the right side and P=0.021 for the left ) , the hip angle ( P=0001 for the right side and P=0.016 for the left side ) and horizontal alignment of the pelvis ( P=0.017 for the right and P<0.001 for the left side ) . Compared with healthy subjects , the acromegalic patients presented displacement of the centre of pressure in both the anterior-posterior direction and the medial-lateral direction in both evaluated tasks . We observed significant correlations between balance measures and the following posture evaluation variables : distance between the lower limbs , horizontal alignment of the head and vertical alignment of the head . Our results suggest that posture and balance need to be evaluated for acromegalic patients in clinical practice , as there are significant postural imbalances and deviations in these patients We aim ed to investigate the relationship between postoperative leg length/offset ( LL/OS ) reconstruction and gait performance after  total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) . In the course of a prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial , 60 patients with unilateral hip arthrosis received cementless THA  through a minimally-invasive anterolateral surgical approach . One year post-operatively , LL and global OS restoration were analyzed and compared to the contralateral hip on AP pelvic radiographs . The combined postoperative limb length/OS reconstruction of the operated hip was categorized as restored ( within 5 mm ) or non-restored ( more than 5 mm reduction or more than 5 mm increment ) . The acetabular component inclination , anteversion and femoral component anteversion were evaluated using CT scans of the pelvis and the femur . 3D gait analysis of the lower extremity and patient related outcome measures ( HHS , HOOS , EQ-5D ) were obtained pre-operatively , six months and twelve months post-operatively by an observer blinded to radiographic results . Component position of cup and stem was comparable between the restored and non-restored group . Combined LL and OS restoration within 5 mm result ed in higher Froude number ( p<0.001 ) , normalized walking speed ( p<0.001 ) and hip range-of-motion ( ROM ) ( p=0.004 ) during gait twelve months postoperatively , whereas gait symmetry was comparable regardless of LL and OS reconstruction at both examinations . Clinical scores did not show any relevant association between the accuracy of LL or OS reconstruction and gait six/twelve months after THA . In summary , postoperative LL/OS discrepancies larger than 5 mm relate to unphysiological gait kinematics within the first year after THA . DRKS00000739 , German Clinical Trials Register 
    Output:
    
We found most of the published data that we analyzed to be inconsistent , and very little data was obtained on the correlation between LLD severity and changes in body posture stability during st and ing and walking .
However , the results of the present review study are in line with previous observational studies , which describe asymmetry in the lower limbs corresponding to biomechanical parameters such as gait kinematics , kinetics , and other parameters described during static ( st and ing ) postural balance .