***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This study investigated the association between polymorphisms ( −607A/C and −137G/C ) in the promoter region of the IL18 gene ( which encodes interleukin [IL]-18 ) and serum levels of IL-18 , using st and ard genotyping techniques ( sequence specific primer — polymerase chain reaction ) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , respectively , in patients allergic to penicillin . A higher frequency of A alleles and the AA genotype was found at position −607A/C in patients allergic to penicillin than in control subjects . For the −137G/C position , the C allele was more frequent in patients allergic to penicillin than in control subjects . Haplotype analysis showed that the −607A/−137C haplotype was more frequent in patients allergic to penicillin than in control subjects . The patients had a significantly higher serum IL-18 level than the control subjects . In conclusion , IL18 −607A/C and −137G/C promoter polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to penicillin allergy . In particular , the −137G/C position appears to play an important role in IL18 expression Background We have reported that in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria ( CIU ) who reacted adversely to aspirin , the frequency of the −444C allele of the leukotriene C4 synthase gene ( LTC4S ) was higher than in patients who tolerated aspirin well Background Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are one of the most frequently involved groups of medicines in hypersensitivity drug reactions . Two mechanisms can induce the reaction : immunological ( sensitization ) due to a specific IgE or T cell response and pharmacological ( cyclooxygenase inhibition ) . The contribution of each of these mechanisms to the reactions is not well known 
    Output:
    
Genes involved in NAR to aspirin belonged to arachidonic acid pathway , membrane-spanning 4A gene family , histamine production pathway , and pro-inflammatory cytokines , while those involved in NAR to all NSAIDs belonged to arachidonic acid pathway and HLA antigen processing pathway .
ALOX5 was a common predictor of studies on NAR to both aspirin and NSAIDs .