***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The primary goal of this stratified r and omized controlled trial ( S RCT ) was to compare the stability of  dental implants  placed under three different loading regimens during the first 16 weeks of healing following implant placement . Implants were loaded immediately , early ( 6 weeks ) , or with conventional/delayed timing ( 12 weeks ) . Secondary outcomes were to compare marginal bone adaptation for 3 years after placement . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Single posterior implant sites in the maxilla or m and ible were examined . The insertion torque value was the primary determinant of load assignment . Resonance frequency analysis was performed at follow-up appointments for the first 16 weeks ( with results provided as implant stability quotients [ ISQs ] ) . Marginal bone levels were assessed via radiographs . RESULTS Forty patients each received a single 4.0-mm diameter dental implant between 2004 and 2007 . One implant failure occurred in Lekholm and Zarb type 4 bone with insertion torque value ( ITV ) of < 8.1 Ncm ; the cumulative success rate was 97.5 % . All implants , when classified by bone and loading type , increased in stability over time , with a minor reduction of 1.3 ISQ units seen at 4 weeks in the immediate loading group . The mean marginal bone loss over 3 years was 0.22 mm . The mean ITVs at implant placement for bone types 1 and 2 ( grouped together ) , 3 , and 4 were 32 , 17 , and 10 , respectively , and were significantly different ( P < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS ITV was a good objective measure of bone type . Using an ITV of 20 Ncm as the determinant for immediate loading and an ITV of 10 Ncm or greater as the determinant for early loading provided long-term success for this implant and led to no negative changes in tissue response . All bone type groups and loading groups showed no reduction in stability during the first 4 months of healing PURPOSE The possibility of expediting dental implant therapy by early or immediate loading protocol s requires long-term clinical investigation . The aim of this prospect i ve cohort trial was to determine the 3-year implant success rate and prosthesis complications associated with functional loading 3 weeks after 1-stage placement of Astra Tech single-tooth implants replacing maxillary anterior teeth . A secondary objective was to determine peri-implant tissue responses at these implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The peri-implant bone and mucosal conditions of 43 implants in 39 subjects were radiographically and clinical ly measured 3 years after implant placement . RESULTS Of the 48 patients originally treated , 39 patients and 43 implants were examined at the 3-year time point . Three of 54 implants failed within the first year . No additional failures were recorded since the 12-month reporting period . Peri-implant bone levels were stable for the 3-year period following implant placement . The change in marginal bone levels after 3 years was 0.42 + /- 0.59 mm . Papilla growth was measured at 1 and 3 years ( 0.61 + /- 0.95 mm and 0.74 + /- 0.79 mm , respectively ) . The buccal peri-implant tissue dimensions at the gingival zenith also increased at 1 and 3 years ( 0.34 + /- 0.94 mm and 0.51 + /- 1.42 mm , respectively ) . No abutment screw loosening or fracture occurred . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early loading of endosseous dental implants placed in healed ridges offers select benefits to clinicians and their patients BACKGROUND Interest in the use of one-stage surgery and immediate loading of oral implants has lately been increasing . PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the 3-year results of one-stage surgery versus two-stage surgery , early loading versus loading after a 3-month healing period , and the use of one-piece implants versus the use of two-piece implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study included 108 patients with edentulous m and ibles . Each patient was treated with four Brånemark System implants ( Nobel Biocare AB , Göteborg , Sweden ) and with full fixed prostheses . Patients were consecutively treated and were distributed in four groups : group A ( one-stage surgery ) , group B ( control group with two-stage surgery ) , group C ( one-piece implants ) , and group D ( early loading ) . In groups A and B Brånemark St and ard implants and st and ard abutments were used . In group C the conical one-piece Brånemark implant was used , and in group D the patients had Brånemark System Mk III implants together with multiunit abutments . All patients were observed for 3 years . RESULTS Of the 432 inserted implants , 24 were lost . Survival rates in the three experimental groups ranged from 93.2 to 93.3 % whereas the survival rate in group B ( the control group with two-stage surgery ) was 97.5 % . The differences between the groups were not statistically significant . The changes in marginal bone level were measured from fixture insertion to the final follow-up at 3 years . The bone loss in group D ( early loading ) was significantly less than in group B ( the control group ) whereas there were no differences in marginal bone change between the other groups . CONCLUSIONS Early loading seemed to give good results in the anterior part of the m and ible . The survival rate of the early-loaded implants did not significantly differ from that of implants inserted with the conventional two-stage procedure , but the mean marginal bone loss around the surviving implants was less with early loading AIM To compare immediate versus early non-occlusal loading of dental implants placed flapless in a 3-year , parallel group , r and omized clinical trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study was conducted in a private dental clinic between July 2005 and July 2010 . Patients 18 years or older were r and omized to receive implants for fixed partial dentures in cases of partial edentulism . The test group was represented by immediate non-occlusal implant loading , whereas the control group was represented by early non-occlusal implant loading . The outcome variables were implant failure , complications and radiographic bone level at implant sites 3 years after loading , measured from the implant-abutment junction to the most coronal point of bone-to-implant contact . R and omization was computer-generated with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered sealed envelopes , and the measurer was blinded to group assignment . RESULTS Sixty patients were r and omized : 30 to the immediately loaded group and 30 to the early loaded group . Four patients dropped out ; however , the data of all patients were included in the analysis . No implant failure occurred . Two complications occurred in the control group and one in the test group . The mean bone level at 3 years was 1.91 mm for test group and 1.59 mm for control group . The adjusted difference in bone level was 0.26 mm ( CI 95 % -0.08 to 0.59 , p = 0.1232 ) . CONCLUSION The null hypothesis of no difference in failure rates , complications and bone level between implants that were loaded immediately or early at 3 years can not be rejected in this r and omized clinical trial PURPOSE To evaluate the medium-term effectiveness of 6.5 mm-long flapless-placed single implants immediately or early loaded at 6 weeks . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty patients received two single NanoTite external hex Biomet 3i implants each , which were then r and omly allocated to be immediately or early loaded according to a splitmouth design . Implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque of > 40 Ncm . Provisional crowns were put in slight occlusal contact and replaced by definitive crowns 3 months after loading . Patients were followed for 4 years after loading . Outcome measures were implant failures , biological and biomechanical complications , peri-implant marginal bone level changes , and patient preference . RESULTS Twenty-nine implants were immediately loaded and 31 early loaded . Four years after loading , no drop-outs occurred . One implant failed in each group within 2 months after loading . Seven patients experienced complications at immediately loaded implants and 6 at early loaded implants . There were no statistically significant differences between groups for implant losses , complications , mean marginal bone level changes and patient preference . CONCLUSIONS Flapless-placed 6.5 mm-long single implants can be immediately loaded and remain successful up to 4 years after loading . Even longer follow-ups are still needed to evaluate the longterm prognosis of short implants PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of 7-mm-long flapless placed single implants  immediately or early loaded at 6 weeks . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty patients received two single Nanotite External Hex Biomet 3i implants  that were then r and omised for immediate or early loading . All implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque > 40Ncm . Provisional crowns were put in slight occlusal contact and replaced by definitive crowns 3 months after loading . Outcome measures were implant failures , biological and biomechanical complications , peri-implant marginal bone level changes and patient preference . RESULTS Twenty-nine implants were immediately loaded and 31 early loaded . Thirteen flaps had to be elevated in 12 patients . Eleven implants in ten patients did not reach the planned insertion torque . Eight implants in seven patients were immediately replaced by implants with a larger diameter , two were loaded anyway , and one implant that was r and omised to immediate loading was early loaded instead . Nine months after loading , no drop-out occurred . One implant failed in each group . There were no statistically significant differences between groups for implant losses , complications , mean marginal bone level changes , and patient preferences . CONCLUSIONS Flapless placed 7-mm-long single implants can be successfully loaded the day of insertion . Longer follow-ups are needed to monitor the long-term prognosis of short implants In this study , 19 patients were treated with 36 Brånemark System MK III TiUnite implants in the maxilla . Definitive implant-supported single crowns were delivered to patients 6 weeks after implant placement . Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline , and at 1 , 2 , and 3 years . Both implant and prosthesis success rates were 94 % after 3 years . The average marginal bone loss was 0.97 mm after 3 years . The results of this study indicate that 6-week early loading of TiUnite surface implants in the maxilla was reliable and predictable for this patient population and may offer an alternative to the st and ard loading protocol PURPOSE This study evaluated the survival parameters of  single-tooth implants  through clinical and radiographic analysis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Implants were restored within a 24-hour period with a provisional crown design ed to receive an occlusal masticatory load . This approach was compared to implants restored after a healing period ( the control group ) . Forty-six implants were placed in 23 patients who were each treated with 2 Frialit-2 implants placed in sites between the second premolar in the maxilla or m and ible . The manufacturer 's recommended formal surgical procedure was followed , and primary stability was st and ardized with a minimum insertion torque of 20 Ncm . The sites were r and omly selected , and the clinical and radiographic parameters were st and ardized with individual templates . RESULTS Data were collected at 24 h , and at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months . The experimental group included 10 failed implants ; 9 of the failed implants had been placed with an insertion torque of 20 Ncm . One implant from the control group failed during the 24-month follow-up period . The survival rate was independent of implant length , site position , and bone quality and quantity . Relative risk for implant failure was associated with insertion torque ( relative risk 0.79 [ CI : 0.66 - 0.930 ] ; Cox regression ) ( P < or = .007 ) , in the experimental group but was not significant for those in the control group ( ie , implants placed after a healing period ; relative risk 0.78 [ CI : 0.34 - 1.78 ] ; Cox regression ) ( P < or = .057 ) . To achieve osseointegration , it was found that an insertion torque above 32 Ncm was necessary ( chi2= 15.68 ; P < or = .004 ) . DISCUSSION A careful evaluation is necessary for a better underst and ing of the survival rates of immediately loaded implants . In this study , insertion torque was associated with the potential for risk , which can be decreased by 20 % per 9.8 Ncm added . CONCLUSION Given these results , and considering the number of patients treated , immediate provisional crowns should only be proposed with early loading if an appropriate initial insertion torque has been applied PURPOSE The aim of this report is to present the implant and clinical outcomes of an immediate-loading protocol of  TiUnite implants with m and ibular overdentures in edentulous patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Two groups of edentulous patients were selected . Thirty-five consecutively treated patients received 70 immediately loaded TiUnite implants and 69 Brånemark implants as backup ( 1 patient received 1 Brånemark implant ) . The control group was a historical cohort that comprised 42 patients who received 111 Brånemark implants .  All overdentures were supported by a resilient bar mechanism . Implant and clinical outcomes , including maintenance events for the first year , were recorded . RESULTS Implant success rates were in excess of 95 % with both protocol s. Immediately loaded implants had less bone loss than did implants loaded with the conventional protocol ( Mann-Whitney U test ; P = 
    Output:
    
This systematic review showed no significant differences between early and immediate loading protocol s in single implant crowns with regard to survival rate or marginal bone loss at 1 or 3 years