***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE : To reveal whether baseline body mass index ( BMI ) , and psychobehavioral and nutritional markers were significant predictors of the change in BMI observed after 4 and 12 months in obese women enrolled in a weight reduction program , including low-energy diet  ,  increased physical activity , cognitive behavior therapy and sibutramine . The impact of changes in psychobehavioral and nutritional markers observed after 4 and 12 months of treatment on BMI changes was also investigated . DESIGN : During a double-blind placebo-controlled 4-month period , subjects received either sibutramine ( 10 mg/day ) or placebo . Then , an open phase with sibutramine administered to all patients continued until month 12.SUBJECTS : In total , 80 obese women ( age : 43.9±10.6 y , BMI : 36.7±4.8 kg/m2 ) . MEASUREMENTS : The dependent variable was change in BMI while baseline BMI , mode of treatment , the Beck depression score , the three items ( dietary restraint , disinhibition and perceived hunger ) of the Eating Inventory ( EI ) , energy and macronutrient intakes were independent variables . At 1-week dietary records were analyzed using a computer software for assessing energy and macronutrient intake . RESULTS : Multiple regression analysis revealed that the BMI loss at month 4 was significantly influenced by mode of treatment and initial BMI , whereas a borderline negative relationship was observed with the baseline restraint score . Baseline BMI , depression score , restraint score and total energy intake predicted weight loss at month 12 . These predictive variables accounted for 43.8 % of the variance in BMI loss at 12 months . When relationships between the BMI loss and changes in all included psychobehavioral and nutritional parameters were considered after 12 months of treatment , a drop in the disinhibition score of the EI appeared the only significant factor affecting the BMI decrease . CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that psychobehavioral and nutritional characteristics can be used as predictors of weight loss in response to a comprehensive weight management program including pharmacological treatment with sibutramine BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) teaches behavioral and cognitive strategies that focus on achieving and maintaining lifestyle changes . OBJECTIVE We examined the effectiveness of a CBT program ( CHOOSE HEALTH ) for improving body composition , diet , and physical activity in overweight and obese adolescents . DESIGN Adolescents [ 16 male , 31 female ; aged 14.5 + /- 1.6 y ; body mass index ( BMI ; in kg/m(2 ) ) 30.9 + /- 4.2 ] were block-matched into 2 groups by age , sex , Tanner stage , BMI , and hip and waist circumferences and were r and omly assigned to CBT or no treatment ( control ) . CBT consisted of 10 weekly sessions , followed by 5 fortnightly telephone sessions . RESULTS Compared with the control , over 20 wk , CBT improved ( significant group x time interactions ) BMI ( CBT , -1.3 + /- 0.4 ; control , 0.3 + /- 0.3 ; P = 0.007 ) , weight ( CBT , -1.9 + /- 1.0 kg ; control , 3.8 + /- 0.9 kg ; P = 0.001 ) , body fat ( CBT , -1.5 + /- 0.9 kg ; control , 2.3 + /- 1.0 kg ; P = 0.001 ) , and abdominal fat ( CBT , -124.0 + /- 46.9 g ; control , 50.1 + /- 53.5 g ; P = 0.008 ) . CBT showed a greater reduction in intake of sugared soft drinks as a percentage of total energy ( CBT , -4.0 + /- 0.9 % ; control , -0.3 + /- 0.9 % ; P = 0.005 for group x time interaction ) , which was related to reductions in weight ( r = 0.48 , P = 0.04 ) , BMI ( r = 0.53 , P = 0.02 ) , and waist circumference ( r = 0.54 , P = 0.02 ) . Physical activity did not change significantly . CONCLUSIONS A 10-wk CBT program followed by 10 wk of fortnightly phone contact improved body composition in overweight and obese adolescents . Changes in soft drink consumption may have contributed to this benefit BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases , and weight loss can reduce the risk of developing these diseases . Obesity is highly prevalent among Black women , but weight loss treatment for black women has been understudied until recently . The Obesity Reduction black Intervention Trial ( ORBIT ) is a r and omized controlled trial design ed to assess the efficacy of a culturally proficient weight loss and weight loss maintenance program for black women . This paper describes the design of the trial , the intervention , and baseline characteristics of the participants . METHODS Two hundred thirteen obese black women aged 30 - 65 years were r and omized to the  intervention group or a general health control group . The intervention consists of a 6-month weight loss program followed by a 1-year maintenance program .  Weight , dietary intake , and energy expenditure are measured at baseline , 6 months , and 18 months . RESULTS More than 40 % of participants had a baseline body mass index ( BMI ) > 40 kg/m(2 ) ( class III obesity ) . Intake of fat and saturated fat was higher and consumption of fruit , vegetables , and fiber was lower than currently recommended guidelines . Self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity was high ( median 85 min/day ) . However , objective ly measured physical activity among a subgroup of participants was lower ( median 15 min/day ) . CONCLUSIONS Weight loss among obese black women has received inadequate attention in relation to the magnitude of the problem . Factors that contribute to successful weight loss and more importantly , weight loss maintenance need to be identified OBJECTIVE A transition G to A at codon 54 of FABP2 was associated with high insulin resistance and different dietary response . The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of this polymorphism on weight loss and metabolic changes secondary to two hypocaloric diets . SUBJECTS AND METHODS A sample of 204 obesity patients was analyzed . Before and after 2 months of hypocaloric diet , a nutritional evaluation was performed . Patients were r and omly allocated to diet I ( low-fat diet ) or II ( low carbohydrate diet ) . RESULTS With diet Type I and in the wild group ( Ala54/Ala54 ) , BMI , weight , fat mass , waist circumference , waist to hip ratio , systolic and diastolic blood pressures , total cholesterol , triglyceride and insulin levels decreased . In the mutant group ( Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 ) , BMI , weight , waist circumference and fat mass decreased . In the wild group with diet Type II , the same parameters that group I decreased and glucose levels , too . In the mutant group , BMI , weight , waist circumference and fat mass decreased . Only leptin levels have a significant decrease in the wild group with both diets ( diet I : 30.7 % ; p<0.05 and diet II : 15.85 % ; p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Similar weight loss is associated with different changes , depending on the FABP genotype with both diets . Weight loss is associated with a more deep decrease in serum leptin concentration with low-fat diet Background We investigated whether macronutrient composition of energy-restricted diets influences the efficacy of a telemedically guided weight loss program . Methods Two hundred overweight subjects were r and omly assigned to a conventional low-fat diet and a low-carbohydrate diet group ( target carbohydrate content : > 55 % energy and < 40 % energy , respectively ) . Both groups attended a weekly nutrition education program and dietary counselling by telephone , and had to transfer actual body weight data to our clinic weekly with added Bluetooth ® technology by mobile phone . Various fatness and fat distribution parameters , energy and macronutrient intake , and various biochemical risk markers were measured at baseline and after 6 , and 12 months . Results In both groups , energy intake decreased by 400 kcal/d compared to baseline values within the first 6 months and slightly increased again within the second 6 months . Macronutrient composition differed significantly between the groups from the beginning to month 12 . At study termination , weight loss was 5.8 kg ( SD : 6.1 kg ) in the low-carbohydrate group and 4.3 kg ( SD : 5.1 kg ) in the low-fat group ( p = 0.065 ) . In the low-carbohydrate group , triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower at month 6 and waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were lower at month 12 compared with the low-fat group ( P = 0.005–0.037 ) . Other risk markers improved to a similar extent in both groups . Conclusion Despite favourable effects of both diets on weight loss , the carbohydrate-reduced diet was more beneficial with respect to cardiovascular risk factors compared to the fat-reduced diet . Nevertheless , compliance with a weight loss program appears to be even a more important factor for success in prevention and treatment of obesity than the composition of the diet . Trial registration Clinical trials.gov as Overweight or obesity is an established negative prognostic factor in breast cancer . Co-morbidities associated with obesity , including cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , may negatively impact quality of life and survival in this population . Our purpose was to determine the effect of a cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) intervention for weight loss through exercise and diet modification on risk factors for recurrence of breast cancer , and risks for CVD associated with obesity . Eighty-five overweight or obese breast cancer survivors were r and omly assigned to a once weekly , 16-week intervention or wait-list control group . The intervention incorporated elements of CBT for obesity , addressing a reduction in energy intake , as well exercise , with a goal of an average of 1 h a day of moderate to vigorous activity .  Body weight , total and regional body fat ( by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ) , waist and hip circumference , and blood lipids were assessed at baseline and following 16 weeks of intervention . Results : Seventy six women ( 89.4 % ) completed the intervention . Independent t-test to evaluate group differences at 16 weeks showed significant differences in weight , body mass index , percent fat , trunk fat , leg fat , as well as waist and hip circumference between intervention and control groups ( P ≤ 0.05 ) . Furthermore , levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also significantly reduced following the intervention . These results indicate that 16 weeks of a CBT program for weight management may reduce obesity and CVD risk in overweight breast cancer survivors BACKGROUND Although the DASH ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ) diet has been shown to lower blood pressure ( BP ) in short-term feeding studies , it has not been shown to lower BP among free-living individuals , nor has it been shown to alter cardiovascular biomarkers of risk . OBJECTIVE To compare the DASH diet alone or combined with a weight management program with usual diet controls among participants with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension ( systolic BP , 130 - 159 mm Hg ; or diastolic BP , 85 - 99 mm Hg ) . DESIGN AND SETTING R and omized , controlled trial in a tertiary care medical center with assessment s at baseline and 4 months . Enrollment began October 29 , 2003 , and ended July 28 , 2008 . PARTICIPANTS Overweight or obese , unmedicated out patients with high BP ( N = 144 ) . INTERVENTIONS Usual diet controls , DASH diet alone , and DASH diet plus weight management . OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure is BP measured in the clinic and by ambulatory BP monitoring . Secondary outcomes included pulse wave velocity , flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery , baroreflex sensitivity , and left ventricular mass . RESULTS Clinic-measured BP was reduced by 16.1/9.9 mm Hg ( DASH plus weight management ) ; 11.2/7.5 mm ( DASH alone ) ; and 3.4/3.8 mm ( usual diet controls ) ( P < .001 ) . A similar pattern was observed for ambulatory BP ( P < .05 ) . Greater improvement was noted for DASH plus weight management compared with DASH alone for pulse wave velocity , baroreflex sensitivity , and left ventricular mass ( all P < .05 ) . CONCLUSION For overweight or obese persons with above-normal BP , the addition of exercise and weight loss to the DASH diet result ed in even larger BP reductions , greater improvements in vascular and autonomic function , and reduced left ventricular mass . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00571844 Objective : To investigate the effect of dietary restraint with or without exercise during weight maintenance after energy restriction . Subjects and methods : In total , 40 obese male subjects ( mean BMI 32.3 kg/m2 ; mean age 39 y ) were recruited and r and omly divided into a diet ( D 
    Output:
    
Conclusion : Better characterisation in behaviour-change interventions will reduce potential confounding and enhance generalisability of such studies