***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : Many women experience childbirth as traumatic and 2 % develop post-traumatic stress disorder . This study examined the role of health practitioner support and personal control during birth as predictors of post-traumatic stress ( PTS ) symptoms , adjusting for vulnerability factors of prior trauma , depression , control beliefs and birth intervention . It also investigated interactions between support , prior trauma and birth intervention and their association with PTS symptoms . Methods : A prospect i ve longitudinal survey of 138 women recruited from UK NHS maternity clinics . Measures were taken in pregnancy , 3 weeks and 3 months after the birth . Results : Support and control during birth were not predictive of postnatal PTS symptoms . However , support was predictive of PTS symptoms in a subset of women with prior trauma ( β = −0.41 , R 2 = 16 % ) at both 3-weeks and 3-months postpartum . The interaction of birth intervention and support was associated with PTS symptoms 3 months after birth , the relationship between support and PTS symptoms was stronger in women experiencing more intervention . Conclusions : Low support from health practitioners is predictive of postnatal PTS symptoms in women who have a history of trauma . Longer term effects of low support on postnatal PTS symptoms are also found in women who had more intervention during birth OBJECTIVE around 50 % of women report symptoms that indicate some aspect of their childbirth experience was ' traumatic ' , and at least 3.1 % meet diagnosis for PTSD six months post partum . Here we aim ed to conduct a prospect i ve longitudinal study and examine predictors of birth-related trauma - predictors that included a range of pre-event factors - as a first step in the creation of a screening question naire . METHOD of the 933 women who completed an assessment in their third trimester , 866 were followed-up at four to six week post partum . Two canonical discriminant function analyses were conducted to ascertain factors associated with experiencing birth as traumatic and , of the women who found the birth traumatic , which factors were associated with those who developed PTSD . FINDINGS a mix of 16 pre-birth predictor variables and event-specific predictor variables distinguished women who reported symptoms consistent with trauma from those who did not . Fourteen predictor variables distinguished women who went on to develop PTSD from those who did not . CONCLUSIONS anxiety sensitivity to possible birthing problems , breached birthing expectations , and severity of any actual birth problem , predicted those who found the birth traumatic . Prior trauma was the single most important predictive factor of PTSD . Evaluating the utility of brief , cost-effective , and accurate screening for women at risk of developing birth-related PTSD is suggested OBJECTIVE The goals of the present study were to estimate the incidence and course of full and partial Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) following childbirth and to prospect ively identify factors associated with the development of PTSD symptoms at 1month following childbirth . METHODS The sample comprised 308 women , with assessment s at four time points : 25 - 40weeks gestation , 4 - 6weeks postpartum , 3 and 6months postpartum . Current and prior PTSD were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID-I ) and the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report ( MPSS-SR ) . RESULTS Incidence rates of PTSD varied according to time of measurement and instrument used , with higher rates of full and partial PTSD using the MPSS-SR at 1month postpartum ( 7.6 % and 16.6 % , respectively ) . Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher anxiety sensitivity ( OR=1.75 ; 95 % CI=1.19‒2.57 , p=.005 ) , history of sexual trauma ( OR=2.81 ; 95 % CI=1.07‒7.37 , p=.036 ) , a more negative childbirth experience than expected ( OR=0.96 ; 95 % CI=0.94‒0.98 , p=.001 ) , and less available social support at 1month postpartum ( OR=0.40 ; 95 % CI=0.17‒0.96 , p=.041 ) independently predicted full or partial PTSD at 1month following childbirth . CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a history of sexual trauma and anxiety sensitivity can increase the probability of developing PTSD after childbirth . The findings highlight the importance of screening and providing more tailored services for women at high risk 
    Output:
    
FINDINGS Women with previous mental health disorders were more prone to experiencing birth as a traumatic event .
Other risk factors included obstetric emergencies and neonatal complications .
Poor Quality of Provider Interactions was identified as a major risk factor for experiencing birth trauma .
Evidence is inconclusive on the best treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ; however midwifery-led antenatal and postnatal interventions , such as early identification of risk factors for birth trauma and postnatal counselling showed benefit .