***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of the present prospect i ve longitudinal study of periodontally diseased and periodontally healthy patients was a clinical , microbiological , and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and an assessment of the implant success rate . METHODS Thirty-nine partially edentulous patients provided with a total of 150 implants were enrolled in the study . Oral rehabilitation was undertaken in 15 patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis ( GAgP ) , 12 patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis ( GCP ) , and 12 periodontally healthy patients . The examinations of the teeth and implants were carried out within the framework of a 3-month recall schedule over a 3-year period . At each session , clinical parameters for probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , attachment level ( AL ) , gingival index ( GI ) , and plaque index ( PI ) were recorded , and the composition of the subgingival microflora determined by dark-field microscopy . In the periodontally diseased patients , Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( A.a . ) , Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g . ) , and Prevotella intermedia ( P.i . ) were detected at teeth and implants by DNA analysis in the first and third years after insertion of the superstructure . Intraoral radiographs of the teeth and implants were taken at baseline , immediately after insertion of the superstructure , and then 1 and 3 years later . RESULTS The GI and PI at implants and teeth remained below 0.25 and 0.6 , respectively , in all patient groups throughout the study period . At the implants and teeth , a slight increase in PD and a continuous attachment loss was recorded in the GAgP patients . The attachment loss was greater at the implants than at the teeth in all groups . The morphological distribution of the microorganisms revealed virtually healthy conditions in all groups . A.a . was detected in two GAgP patients , whereas P.g . and P.i . were found more frequently both in the GAgP and in the GCP patients . Radiographically detected bone loss was higher after 3 years at implants and teeth in the GAgP patients than in the other two groups . The implant success rates recorded were 100 % in the periodontally healthy and GCP patients , and 95.7 % in the maxilla and 100 % in the m and ible of the GAgP patients . CONCLUSIONS The results show that oral rehabilitation can be performed with implants in patients treated for generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis . However , slight attachment loss and bone loss were registered at the implants and teeth in the patients with aggressive periodontitis BACKGROUND Two systematic review s have evaluated the quality of research and reporting of observational studies investigating the prevalence of , the incidence of and the risk factors for peri-implant diseases and of experimental clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic interventions . MATERIAL S AND METHODS For the improvement of the quality of reporting for both observational and experimental studies , the STROBE and the Modified CONSORT recommendations were encouraged . RESULTS To improve the quality of research in peri-implant diseases , the following were recommended : the use of unequivocal case definitions ; the expression of outcomes at the subject rather than the implant level ; the implementation of study validation tools ; the reporting of potential sources of bias ; and the use of appropriate statistical methods . CONCLUSIONS In observational studies , case definitions for peri-implantitis were agreed . For risk factor determination , the progressive use of cross-sectional and case-control studies ( univariate analyses ) , to prospect i ve cohorts ( multilevel modelling for confounding ) , and ultimately to intervention studies were recommended . For preventive and interventional studies of peri-implant disease management , parallel arm RCTs of at least 6-months were encouraged . For studies of non-surgical and surgical management of peri-implantitis , the use of a composite therapeutic end point was advocated . The development of st and ard control therapies was deemed essential BACKGROUND Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are linked to the presence of several key pathogens . The treatment of these infectious processes therefore involves the reduction/eradication of bacteria associated with periodontitis . METHODS This prospect i ve , split-mouth , single-blind study followed the colonization of ' pristine ' sulci created in 42 partially edentulous patients during implant surgery ( e.g. abutment connection ) . The hypothesis was that the composition of the maturing subgingival plaque in these ' fresh ' peri-implant pockets would soon ( within 2 weeks ) be comparable to the subgingival microbiota of teeth with similar clinical parameters ( reference sites ) , including the presence of bacteria associated with periodontitis . Per patient , four subgingival plaque sample s were taken from shallow and medium pockets around implants ( test sites ) , and teeth within the same quadrant ( undisturbed microbiota as control sites ) , 1 , 2 , 4 , 13 , 26 and 78 weeks after abutment connection , respectively . The sample s were analysed by either checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization , or cultural techniques , or real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) for intra-subject comparisons ( teeth vs. implant , for comparable probing depths ) . RESULTS Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and real-time PCR revealed a complex microbiota ( including several pathogenic species ) in the peri-implant pockets within 2 weeks after abutment connection . After 7 days , the detection frequency for most species ( including the bacteria associated with periodontitis ) was already nearly identical in sample s from the fresh peri-implant pockets ( 5 % and 20 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) when compared with sample s from the reference teeth . Afterwards ( e.g. between weeks 2 and 13 ) , the number of bacteria in peri-implant pockets only slightly increased ( + /-0.1 log value ) , with minor changes in the relative proportions of bacteria associated with periodontitis ( 8 % and 33 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) . Although small differences were seen between teeth and implants at week 2 with cultural techniques , a striking similarity in subgingival microbiota was found with this technique from month 3 on , with nearly identical detection frequencies for bacteria associated with periodontitis for both abutment types . CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the initial colonization of peri-implant pockets with bacteria associated with periodontitis occurs within 2 weeks Background Due to the world-wide increase in treatments involving implant placement , the incidence of peri-implant disease is increasing . Late implant failure is the result of the inability to maintain osseointegration , whose most important cause is peri-implantitis . The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical , microbiological , and immunological aspects in the peri-implant sulcus fluid ( PISF ) of patients with healthy dental implants and patients with peri-implantitis . Methods PISF sample s were obtained from 24 peri-implantitis sites and 54 healthy peri-implant sites in this prospect i ve cross-sectional study . The clinical parameters recorded were : modified gingival index ( mGI ) , modified plaque index ( mPI ) and probing pocket depth ( PPD ) . The periodontopathogenic bacteria Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated , together with the total bacterial load ( TBL ) . PISF sample s were analyzed for the quantification of Interleukin (IL)-8 , IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α using flow cytometry ( FACS ) . Results The mGI and PPD scores in the peri-implantitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group ( p < 0.001 ) . A total of 61.5 % of the patients with peri-implantitis had both arches rehabilitated , compared with 22.7 % of patients with healthy peri-implant tissues ; there was no implant with peri-implantitis in cases that received m and ibular treatment exclusively ( p < 0.05 ) . Concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( p < 0.01 ) , association with bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola ( p < 0.05 ) , as well as the TBL ( p < 0.05 ) are significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group . IL-1β ( p < 0.01 ) , IL-6 ( p < 0.01 ) , IL-10 ( p < 0.05 ) and TNF-α ( p < 0.01 ) are significantly higher at the sites with peri-implantitis compared to healthy peri-implant tissue , while IL-8 did not increase significantly . Conclusion The results of the present study involving a limited patient sample suggest that the peri-implant microbiota and which dental arch was rehabilitated involved could contribute to bone loss in peri-implantitis . A significant relationship is observed between the concentration of cytokines ( interleukins 1β , 6 and 10 and TNF-α ) and the inflammatory response in peri-implantitis tissue The aim of this study was to longitudinally follow up osseointegrated titanium implants in partially dentate patients by clinical , radiographic and microbiological parameters in order to evaluate possible changes in the peri-implant health over time . Fifteen individuals treated with titanium implants , ad modum Brånemark , and followed for ten years were included in the study . Before implant placement ten years previously , the individuals had been treated for advanced periodontal disease and thereafter been included in a maintenance care program . The survival rate of the implants after ten years was 94.7 % . The bone loss was 1.7 mm when using the abutment-fixture junction as a reference point . Of the individuals , 50 % were positive for plaque at the implants . Bleeding on sulcus probing was present at 61 % of the implant surfaces . Ten years previously , the individuals had been carriers of putative periodontal pathogens , such as Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia , Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Capnocytophaga spp . and Campylobacter rectus , and were also carriers of these species at the current examination . The results of the present study suggest that the presence of these putative periodontal pathogens at implants may not be associated with an impaired implant treatment . These species are most likely part of the normal resident microbiota of most individuals and may therefore be found at r and om at both stable and progressing peri-implant sites 
    Output:
    
Teeth with periodontitis , healthy implants , or implants with peri-implantitis were colonized by periodontal microorganisms .
Porphyromonas gingivalis and especially Prevotella intermedius/nigrescens were often identified at peri-implantitis sites .
Peri-implantitis sites were also colonized by uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods , which were not frequently identified in teeth with periodontitis or healthy implants .
Opportunistic microorganisms were not found very frequently in peri-implantitis sites .
Peri-implantitis represents a heterogeneous mixed infection that includes periodontopathic microorganisms , uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and other uncultivable Gram-negative rods , and , rarely , opportunistic microorganisms such as enteric rods and Staphylococcus aureus .
Sequencing methods that evaluate the entire microbiome improve identification of microorganisms associated with peri-implantitis