***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND / AIM The role of hip muscles in the rehabilitation of patellofemoral pain syndrome has recently received interest . The aim of this study was to compare the efficiencies of hip exercises alongside knee exercises versus only knee exercises on pain , function , and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with this syndrome . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty-five young female patients ( mean age : 34.1 ± 6.2 years ; mean BMI : 25.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2 ) with patellofemoral pain syndrome were included . The patients were r and omized into groups of hip- and -knee exercises and knee-only exercise programs for 6 weeks with a total of 30 sessions at the clinic . Both groups were evaluated before therapy , after 6 weeks of a supervised exercise program , and after 6 weeks of an at-home exercise program . The outcome measures were muscle strength , pain , and both subjective and objective function . RESULTS The improvements of the patients in the hip- and -knee exercise group were better than in patients of the knee-only exercise group in terms of scores of pain relief ( P < 0.001 ) and functional gain ( P = 0.002 ) after 12 weeks . CONCLUSION We suggest additional hip-strengthening exercises to patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in order to decrease pain and increase functional status Objectives To evaluate the completeness of descriptions of non-pharmacological interventions in r and omised trials , identify which elements are most frequently missing , and assess whether authors can provide missing details . Design Analysis of consecutive sample of r and omised trials of non-pharmacological interventions . Data sources and study selection All reports of r and omised trials of non-pharmacological interventions published in 2009 in six leading general medical journals ; 133 trial reports , with 137 interventions , met the inclusion criteria . Data collection Using an eight item checklist , two raters assessed the primary full trial report , plus any reference material s , appendices , or websites . Questions about missing details were emailed to corresponding authors , and relevant items were then reassessed . Results Of 137 interventions , only 53 ( 39 % ) were adequately described ; this was increased to 81 ( 59 % ) by using 63 responses from 88 contacted authors . The most frequently missing item was the “ intervention material s ” ( 47 % complete ) , but it also improved the most after author response ( 92 % complete ) . Whereas some authors ( 27/70 ) provided material s or further information , other authors ( 21/70 ) could not ; their reasons included copyright or intellectual property concerns , not having the material s or intervention details , or being unaware of their importance . Although 46 ( 34 % ) trial interventions had further information or material s readily available on a website , many were not mentioned in the report , were not freely accessible , or the URL was no longer functioning . Conclusions Missing essential information about interventions is a frequent , yet remediable , contributor to the worldwide waste in research funding . If trial reports do not have a sufficient description of interventions , other research ers can not build on the findings , and clinicians and patients can not reliably implement useful interventions . Improvement will require action by funders , research ers , and publishers , aided by long term repositories of material s linked to publications Patello-femoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) is a common knee joint disability . The integration of hip soft tissue regimens are not always emphasized , although current literature implies that there is a significant relationship between the two and there is a lack of r and omized clinical trials to substantiate this relationship in clinical practice . A r and omized controlled assessor blinded trial was design ed to explore different rehabilitation programs related to PFPS . The study was conducted at RAZIEL institute of physical therapy , Netania , Israel with a total of 30 consecutive patients ( mean age 35y ) , diagnosed with PFPS . All patients were r and omly allocated into 3 groups . Group I conventional knee rehabilitation program . Included quadriceps strengthening and Trans Electric Neuromuscular Stimulation ( TENS ) . Group II hip oriented rehabilitation program . included stretching , Hip external rotators strengthening and TENS . Group III a combination of the two above programs .  Pain and function were documented on initial of the program and again 3 weeks later , on the completion . Pain was assessed by a numeric visual analogue scale ( VAS ) ; function was assessed by Patello-femoral joint evaluation scale ( PFJES ) ( 0 - 100 points ) . At end of trial , all groups showed significant improvements in VAS and PFJES ( p<0.0001 ) ; these improvements did not vary significantly between the 3 groups . The conclusions were that the explored different rehabilitation programs showed a similar beneficial effect Background Patellofemoral pain is one of the most frequent knee conditions among adolescents with a prevalence of 7 % . Evidence -based treatment consists of patient education combined with hip and quadriceps strengthening . Recent evidence suggests that a large proportion of adolescents does not follow their exercise prescription , performing too few repetitions or too fast below the prescribed time under tension . Live feedback , such as a metronome or exercise games , has previously shown promising results in improving the quality of exercises . The aim of this study is to investigate if live feedback from a sensor ( B and Cizer ™ ) and an iPad will improve the ability of adolescents with PFP to perform exercises as prescribed . Methods This study is a r and omized , controlled , participant-blinded , superiority trial with a 2-group parallel design . Forty 15 to 19 year old adolescents with patellofemoral pain will be r and omized to receive either live visual and auditory feedback on time under tension or no feedback on time under tension during a 6-week intervention period . Adolescents will be instructed to perform three elastic b and exercises . Feedback will be provided by B and Cizer ™ and an iPad . The adolescents perform the exercises twice a week unsupervised and once a week during a supervised group training session . The primary outcome will be the mean deviation of the prescribed time under tension per repetition in seconds during the course of the intervention . Discussion Low compliance is a major problem among adolescents with patellofemoral pain . Providing the adolescents with real time feedback on time under tension from a sensor and an iPad could potentially help the adolescents perform the exercises as prescribed . This may increase the total exercise dosage they receive during treatment which may help improve patient outcomes .Trial registration Registered at Clinical Trials.gov ( identifier : NCT02674841 ) on February 4th 2016 Objective To assess , in a sample of systematic review s of non-pharmacological interventions , the completeness of intervention reporting , identify the most frequently missing elements , and assess review authors ’ use of and beliefs about providing intervention information . Design Analysis of a r and om sample of systematic review s of non-pharmacological stroke interventions ; online survey of review authors . Data sources and study selection The Cochrane Library and PubMed were search ed for potentially eligible systematic review s and a r and om sample of these assessed for eligibility until 60 ( 30 Cochrane , 30 non-Cochrane ) eligible review s were identified . Data collection In each review , the completeness of the intervention description in each eligible trial ( n=568 ) was assessed by 2 independent raters using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication ( TIDieR ) checklist . All review authors ( n=46 ) were invited to complete a survey . Results Most review s were missing intervention information for the majority of items . The most incompletely described items were : modifications , fidelity , material s , procedure and tailoring ( missing from all interventions in 97 % , 90 % , 88 % , 83 % and 83 % of review s , respectively ) . Items that scored better , but were still incomplete for the majority of review s , were : ‘ when and how much ’ ( in 31 % of review s , adequate for all trials ; in 57 % of review s , adequate for some trials ) ; intervention mode ( in 22 % of review s , adequate for all trials ; in 38 % , adequate for some trials ) ; and location ( in 19 % of review s , adequate for all trials ) . Of the 33 ( 71 % ) authors who responded , 58 % reported having further intervention information but not including it , and 70 % tried to obtain information . Conclusions Most focus on intervention reporting has been directed at trials . Poor intervention reporting in stroke systematic review s is prevalent , compounded by poor trial reporting . Without adequate intervention descriptions , the conduct , usability and interpretation of review s are restricted and therefore , require action by trialists , systematic review ers , peer review ers and editors STUDY DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . OBJECTIVES To determine if adding hip-strengthening exercises to a conventional knee exercise program produces better long-term outcomes than conventional knee exercises alone in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) . BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that a hip-strengthening program reduces pain and improves function in individuals with PFPS . However , there are no clinical trials evaluating long-term outcomes of this type of program compared to conventional knee-strengthening and -stretching exercises . METHODS Fifty-four sedentary women between 20 and 40 years of age , with a diagnosis of unilateral PFPS , were r and omly assigned knee exercise ( KE ) or knee and hip exercise ( KHE ) .  The women in the KE group ( n = 26 ; mean age , 23 years ) performed a 4-week conventional knee-stretching and -strengthening program . The women in the KHE group ( n = 28 ; mean age , 22 years ) performed the same exercises as those in the KE group , as well as strengthening exercises for the hip abductors , lateral rotators , and extensors . An 11-point numeric pain rating scale , the Lower Extremity Functional Scale , the Anterior Knee Pain Scale , and a single-hop test were used as outcome measures at baseline ( pretreatment ) and 3 , 6 , and 12 months posttreatment . RESULTS At baseline , demographic , pain , and functional assessment data were similar between groups . Those in the KHE group had a higher level of function and less pain at 3 , 6 , and 12 months compared to baseline ( P<.05 ) . In contrast , the KE group had reduced pain only at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups ( P<.05 ) , without any changes in Lower Extremity Functional Scale , Anterior Knee Pain Scale , or hop testing ( P>.05 ) through the course of the study . Compared to the KE group , the KHE group had less pain and better function at 3 , 6 , and 12 months posttreatment ( P<.05 ) . For the Lower Extremity Functional Scale , the between-group difference in change scores from baseline at 3 , 6 , and 12 months posttreatment favored the KHE group by 22.0 , 22.0 , and 20.8 points , respectively . CONCLUSION Knee-stretching and -strengthening exercises supplemented by hip posterolateral musculature-strengthening exercises were more effective than knee exercises alone in improving long-term function and reducing pain in sedentary women with PFPS STUDY DESIGN R and omized clinical trial . OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of strengthening the hip abductor and lateral rotator musculature on pain and function of females with patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) . BACKGROUND Hip muscle weakness in women athletes has been the focus of many recent studies and is suggested as an important impairment to address in the conservative treatment of women with PFPS . However , it is still not well established if strengthening these muscles is associated with clinical improvement in pain and function in sedentary females with PFPS . METHODS Seventy females ( average±SD age , 25±07 years ) , with a diagnosis of unilateral PFPS , were distributed r and omly into 3 groups : 22 females in the knee exercise group , who received a conventional treatment that emphasized stretching and strengthening of the knee musculature ; 23 females in the knee and hip exercise group , who performed exercises to strengthen the hip abductors and external rotators in addition to the same exercises performed by those in the knee exercise group ; and of the 25 females who did not receive any treatment . The females of the nontreatment group ( control ) were instructed to maintain their normal daily activities . An 11-point numerical pain rating scale ( NPRS ) was used to assess pain during stair ascent and descent . The lower extremity functional scale ( LEFS ) and the anterior knee pain scale ( AKPS ) were used to assess function . The single-limb single hop test was also used as a functional outcome to measure preintervention and 4-week postintervention function . RESULTS The 3 groups were homogeneous prior to treatment in respect to demographic , pain , and functional scales data . Both the knee exercise and the knee and hip exercise groups showed significant improvement in the LEFS , the AKPS , and the NPRS , when compared to the control group ( P<.05 and P<.001 , respectively ) . But , when we considered minimal clinical ly important differences , only the knee and hip exercise group demonstrated mean improvements in AKPS and pain scores that were large enough to be clinical ly meaningful . For the single-limb single hop test , both groups receiving an intervention showed greater improvement than the control group , but there was no difference between the 2 interventions ( P>.05 ) . CONCLUSION Rehabilitation programs focusing on knee strengthening exercises and knee strengthening exercises supplemented by hip strengthening exercises were both effective in improving function and reducing pain in sedentary women with P 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Exercise prescriptions in RCTs with proven efficacy for PFP are poorly reported , impairing their implementation in clinical practice .