***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Severe alcoholic hepatitis ( sAH ) is associated with a poor prognosis . There is no proven effective treatment for sAH , which is why early transplantation has been increasingly discussed . Hepatoblastoma‐derived C3A cells express anti‐inflammatory proteins and growth factors and were tested in an extracorporeal cellular therapy ( ELAD ) study to establish their effect on survival for subjects with sAH . Adults with sAH , bilirubin ≥8 mg/dL , Maddrey 's discriminant function ≥ 32 , and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease ( MELD ) score ≤ 35 were r and omized to receive st and ard of care ( SOC ) only or 3‐5 days of continuous ELAD treatment plus SOC . After a minimum follow‐up of 91 days , overall survival ( OS ) was assessed by using a Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis . A total of 203 subjects were enrolled ( 96 ELAD and 107 SOC ) at 40 sites worldwide . Comparison of baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between groups and within subgroups . There was no significant difference in serious adverse events between the 2 groups . In an analysis of the intent‐to‐treat population , there was no difference in OS ( 51.0 % versus 49.5 % ) . The study failed its primary and secondary end point in a population with sAH and with a MELD ranging from 18 to 35 and no upper age limit . In the prespecified analysis of subjects with MELD < 28 ( n = 120 ) , ELAD was associated with a trend toward higher OS at 91 days ( 68.6 % versus 53.6 % ; P = .08 ) . Regression analysis identified high creatinine and international normalized ratio , but not bilirubin , as the MELD components predicting negative outcomes with ELAD . A new trial investigating a potential benefit of ELAD in younger subjects with sufficient renal function and less severe coagulopathy has been initiated . Liver Transplantation 24 380–393 2018 AASLD Abstract For patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) , artificial liver support system ( ALSS ) may help prolong lifespan and function as a bridge to liver transplantation ( LT ) , but data on its long-term benefit are lacking . We conducted this prospect i ve , controlled study to determine the efficacy of ALSS and the predictors of mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated ACLF.From January 2003 to December 2007 , a total of 234 patients with HBV-associated ACLF not eligible for LT were enrolled in our study . They were allocated to receive either plasma exchange centered ALSS plus st and ard medical therapy ( SMT ) ( ALSS group , n = 104 ) or SMT alone ( control group , n = 130 ) . All the patients were followed-up for at least 5 years , or until death . At 90 days , the survival rate of ALSS group was higher than that of the control group ( 62/104 [ 60 % ] vs 61/130 [ 47 % ] , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . Median survival was 879 days in the ALSS group ( 43 % survival at 5 years ) and 649 days in the control group ( 31 % survival at 5 years , log-rank P < 0.05 ) . ALSS was found to be associated with favorable outcome of these patients by both univariate and multivariate analysis . Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that lower serum sodium levels , higher grade s of encephalopathy , presence of cirrhosis , hepatorenal syndrome , and higher model for end-stage liver disease scores were independent predictors for both 90-day and 5-year mortality due to ACLF.Our findings suggest that ALSS is safe and may improve the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with HBV-associated ACLF The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System ( MARS ) has been proven to prolong survival in  patients with hepatorenal syndrome .  MARS is a modified dialysis that uses an albumin containing dialysate , which is recirculated and perfused online through charcoal and anion exchanger columns . It allows the selective removal of albumin bound substances . Despite advances in medical therapy and technology , the prognosis of patients with cardiogenic shock remains poor . Mortality rates are as high as 80 % , often because of persistent multiple organ failure . To determine whether patients with hypoxic liver failure after cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery might benefit from MARS , we performed a prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled , single center study . The primary objective was to prove that MARS improves survival . This article is a report on the interim analysis of the first 27 patients included between August 2000 and December 2001 ; 14 patients were in the MARS group , and 13 patients were in the non-MARS group . All had bilirubin levels greater than 8 mg/ml . Both groups had a similar risk profile . The MARS group received MARS for 3 consecutive days — if bilirubin was still greater than 6 mg/dl afterward , MARS was continued . The non-MARS group received conventional therapy . We had seven survivors in the MARS group ( 50 % ) compared with four ( 32 % ; p = ns ) in the non-MARS group . We conclude that despite the limited number of patients included in this analysis , MARS can be recommended for patients with acute , hypoxic liver failure because it might prolong survival . Further studies in similar patient cohorts are needed to verify our results One hundred thirty-seven patients with fulminant hepatic failure  were entered into two controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion carried out concurrently . In trial A , 75 patients with grade 3 encephalopathy were r and omized to receive 5 or 10 h of hemoperfusion daily . Overall survival rates for the two groups were similar ( 51.3 % vs. 50.0 % ) as was the frequency of major complications including cerebral edema and renal failure . In trial B , in which 62 patients with established grade 4 encephalopathy on admission were r and omized to a no-perfusion group or to have 10 h of hemoperfusion daily , overall survival rates for the two groups were again similar ( 39.3 % and 34.5 % , respectively ) . There was in both trials a significant relationship between survival and etiology quite independent of the use or duration of hemoperfusion . Thus , percentage survival for the acetaminophen-overdose cases was 52.9 % , for hepatitis A 66.7 % , for hepatitis B 38.9 % , for presumed non-A , non-B hepatitis 20 % , and for halothane or drug reaction 12.5 % . Within the etiologic subgroups survival was also influenced by the three major complications that developed , being inversely related to their frequency and combination , except in the non-A , non-B hepatitis and halothane or drug reaction subgroups , which had a high mortality throughout . In the latter cases particularly , orthotopic liver transplantation merits early consideration and in the group with better " intrinsic " survival ( acetaminophen , hepatitis A and B ) intensive management of complications ( rather than charcoal hemoperfusion ) would appear to be of major importance 
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Because of this mistake , the difference between the artificial and control groups in Figure s6 1.8.1 was not statistically significant ( p = 0.09 ) , thereby failing to support the conclusion that the effect on mortality was more prominent with artificial devices than bio-artificial devices .