***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To analyse the factors affecting the clinical performance and those influencing the survival of  resin-retained bridgework provided at a UK dental teaching hospital between 1994 and 2001 . Design A prospect i ve analysis of restorations provided at a single centre using case notes with all patients invited for review to corroborate findings . Setting Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Bristol Dental Hospital and School , Bristol , United Kingdom . Subjects and methods Between January 1994 and December 2001 , data regarding 1,000 consecutive resin-retained bridges provided at Bristol Dental Hospital and School were recorded . Data was available for 805 patients at the time of the study . Following invitation , 621 patients attended for a review appointment . Life table and Kaplan-Meir survival analysis were carried out for all restorations provided . Results The five-year and ten-year survival rates estimated by the life-table method are 80.8 % ( 95 % confidence interval 78.0–83.6 % ) and 80.4 % ( 95 % confidence interval 77.6–83.2 % ) respectively . The median survival can not be estimated for this study as the survival probability remains above 80 % even at the longest follow-up . Analysis of clinical variables influencing survival revealed that design of the restoration and experience of the operator providing the restoration were significant factors . Resin-retained bridges made with minimal tooth preparation are shown to be superior in terms of longevity than those for which other types of tooth preparation is made . Patient satisfaction with their treatment was high In a multicentre r and omised trial ( German Research Association , grants DFG WA 831/2 - 1 to 2 - 6 , WO 677/2 - 1.1 to 2 - 2.1 . ; controlled-trials.com IS RCT N97265367 ) , patients with complete molar loss in one jaw received either a partial removable dental prosthesis ( PRDP ) with precision attachments or treatment according to the SDA concept aim ing at pre-molar occlusion . The objective of this current analysis was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on periodontal health . Linear mixed regression models were fitted to quantify the differences between the treatment groups . The assessment at 5 years encompassed 59 patients ( PRDP group ) and 46 patients ( SDA group ) . For the distal measuring sites of the posterior-most teeth of the study jaw , significant differences were found for the plaque index according to Silness and Löe , vertical clinical attachment loss ( CAL-V ) , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) and bleeding on probing . These differences were small and showed a slightly more unfavourable course in the PRDP group . With CAL-V and PPD , significant differences were also found for the study jaw as a whole . For CAL-V , the estimated group differences over 5 years amounted to 0.27 mm ( 95 % CI 0.05 ; 0.48 ; P = 0.016 ) for the study jaw and 0.25 mm ( 95 % CI 0.05 ; 0.45 ; P = 0.014 ) for the distal sites of the posterior-most teeth . The respective values for PPD were 0.22 mm ( 95 % CI 0.03 ; 0.41 ; P = 0.023 ) and 0.32 mm ( 95 % CI 0.13 ; 0.5 ; P = 0.001 ) . It can be concluded that even in a well-maintained.patient group statistically significant although minor detrimental effects of PRDPs on periodontal health are measurable BACKGROUND The aim of this study was the evaluation , from a clinical point of view , of implants subjected to immediate functional loading ( IFL ) and to immediate non-functional loading ( INFL ) in various anatomical configurations . METHODS The study included 152 patients who had given their informed consent . A total of 646 implants were inserted . The implants were placed in 39 totally edentulous m and ibles , 14 edentulous maxillae , 23 edentulous posterior m and ibles , 16 edentulous anterior m and ibles , 16 edentulous anterior maxillae , and 15 edentulous posterior maxillae . Fifty-eight  implants were used to replace single missing teeth . In 65 cases , IFL was carried out for 422 implants . INFL was carried out in 116 cases , ( 224 implants ) . RESULTS In the IFL group 6 of 422 implants failed ( 1.4 % ) ; in the INFL group 2 of 224 implants failed ( 0.9 % ) . All the other implants appeared , from clinical and radiographic observations , to have successfully osseointegrated and have been functioning satisfactorily since insertion . All failures were observed in the first few months after implant loading . CONCLUSION Immediate functional and non-functional loading seems to be a technique that gives satisfactory results in selected cases BACKGROUND General dental care can effectively control disease and restore damaged tissue , yet little is known about its impact on patients ' subjective oral health , namely treatment goals and oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) . This study aim ed to evaluate change in both aspects of subjective oral health among elderly adults receiving publicly-funded , general dental care . METHODS We conducted a prospect i ve , single-group intervention study of adults aged 75 + years receiving care through the South Australian Dental Service ( SADS ) . Before receiving dental care , subjects completed the  Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-14 ) question naire which evaluates OHRQoL. In this question naire , subjects rated the extent to which they had attained a self-nominated oral health goal . Dentists provided st and ard-of-care treatment and six months later the OHIP-14 and goal attainment questions were re-administered . RESULTS Among the 253 adults studied , overall improvements in OHRQoL were observed ( p < 0.05 ) , although the effect was dependent on pre-treatment goal : mean OHIP-14 scores did not change significantly for subjects whose goal was less pain/discomfort while significant improvements were observed for subjects with other treatment goals . In contrast , mean goal attainment ratings improved significantly ( P < 0.05 ) , regardless of treatment goal categories . CONCLUSIONS Dental care was associated with improvements in subjective oral health , although different patterns of improvement were observed for OHRQoL compared with goal attainment ratings OBJECTIVES This study aim ed to compare two different tooth replacement strategies for partially dentate older patients ; namely functionally orientated treatment according to the principles of the shortened dental arch ( SDA ) and conventional treatment using removable partial dentures ( RPDs ) using a r and omised controlled clinical trial . The primary outcome measure for this study was impact on oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) measured using the short form of the oral health impact profile ( OHIP-14 ) . METHODS Patients aged 65 years and older were r and omly allocated to two different treatment groups : the RPD group and the SDA group . For the RPD group each patient was restored to complete arches with cobalt-chromium RPDs used to replace missing teeth . For the SDA group , patients were restored to a premolar occlusion of 10 occluding pairs of natural and replacement teeth using resin bonded bridgework ( RBB ) .  OHRQoL was measured using the OHIP-14 question naire administered at baseline , 1 month , 6 months and 12 months after treatment intervention . RESULTS In total , 89 patients completed the RCT : 44 from the RPD group and 45 from the SDA group . Analysis using a mixed model of covariance ( ANCOVA ) illustrated that treatment according to the SDA concept result ed in significantly better mean OHIP-14 scores compared with RPD treatment ( p<0.05 ) . This result was replicated in both treatment centres used in the study . CONCLUSIONS In terms of impact on OHRQoL , treatment based on the SDA concept achieved significantly better results than that based on RPDs 12 months after treatment intervention ( trial registration no. IS RCT N26302774 ) . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Functionally orientated treatment delivery result ed in significantly better outcomes compared to removable dentures in terms of impact on Objectives Although the shortened dental arch ( SDA ) concept is a widely accepted strategy to avoid overtreatment , little is known on its impact on oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) . This multicenter r and omized controlled trial aim ed to investigate the OHRQoL for  removable partial dental prostheses ( RPDP ) with molar replacement versus the SDA concept . Material and methods In both groups , missing anterior teeth were replaced with fixed dental prosthesis .  Two hundred fifteen patients with bilateral molar loss in at least one jaw were included . The Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-49 ) was completed before ; 6 weeks ( baseline ) , 6 months , and 12 months after treatment ; and thereafter annually until 5 years . Results Of the initial cohort , 81 patients were assigned to the RPDP group and 71 to the SDA group ( age , 34 to 86 years ) . Before treatment , the median OHIP score was similar in both groups ( RPDP , 38.0 ; SDA , 40.0 ; n.s . ) . Results indicate marked improvements in OHRQoL in both groups between pretreatment and baseline ( RPDP , 27.0 ; SDA , 19.0 ; p ≤ 0.0001 ) which continued in the RPDP group until the 1-year follow-up ( p = 0.0002 ) . These significant reductions in OHIP scores are reflected in its subscales . No further differences were seen within and between groups during the remainder observation period . Conclusion Both treatments show a significant improvement in OHRQoL which continued in the RPDP group until the 1-year follow-up . No significant differences were seen between groups . Clinical relevance For improving OHRQoL , it is not necessary to replace missing molars with a RPDP OBJECTIVE To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing two different tooth replacement strategies for partially dentate older patients , namely partial removable dental prostheses ( RDP ) and functionally orientated treatment based on the shortened dental arch concept ( SDA ) . METHODS Ninety-two partially dentate older patients completed a r and omized controlled clinical trial . Patients were r and omly allocated to two treatment groups : the RDP group and the SDA group . Treatment effect was measured using impact on oral health-related quality of life ( OHrQOL ) , and the costs involved in providing and maintaining care were recorded for all patients . Patients were followed for 12 months after treatment intervention . All treatment was provided by a single operator . RESULTS The total cost of achieving the minimally important clinical difference ( MID ) in OHrQOL for an average patient in the RDP group was € 464.64 . For the SDA group , the cost of achieving the MID for an average patient was € 252.00 . The cost-effectiveness ratio was therefore 1:1.84 in favour of SDA treatment . CONCLUSION With an increasingly ageing population , many patients will continue to benefit from removable prostheses to replace their missing natural teeth . From a purely economic st and point , the results from this analysis suggest that the treatment of partially dentate older adults should be focused on functionally orientated treatment because it is simply more cost-effective PURPOSE Removable partial dentures ( RPD ) used to restore the severely shortened m and ible may adversely affect the remaining natural teeth and are associated with a low prevalence of use . This pilot study investigated patient satisfaction following restoration of m and ibular shortened dental arches . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty subjects with m and ibular shortened dental arches entered a r and omized controlled trial comparing two types of m and ibular prostheses : bilateral free-end saddle RPDs and distal cantilever resin-bonded fixed partial dentures ( FPD ) . Patient satisfaction was assessed using self-administered question naires before ( baseline ) , 3 months after , and 1 year after provision of new prostheses . RESULTS Improvements in levels of general satisfaction with teeth , appearance of teeth , and perceived masticatory ability were significant for the FPD group . Significant improvements in perceived masticatory ability were noted for both groups . There were also significant improvements in perceived levels of comfort of m and ibular prostheses in both groups . Changes in summary satisfaction scores indicated improved satisfaction for both treatment groups but suggested a larger clinical effect for the FPD group . Significant differences between treatment groups were not established . CONCLUSION Patient-based outcomes reported suggested that resin-bonded cantilever FPDs are an effective means of restoring the shortened m and ibular dental arch in terms of patient comfort and acceptance A multi-centre r and omized clinical trial is under way at 14 university dental schools in Germany to compare prosthodontic treatments for the shortened dental arch ( SDA ) . One of the aims of this pilot- study was to measure the effect of two treatment options of the SDA on oral health-related quality of life and on the Research Diagnostic Criteria ( RDC ) for temporom and ibular disorders ( TMD ) . Thirty-four patients participated in the pilot- study . Inclusion criteria were : all molars were missing and the presence of at least both canines and one premolar in each quadrant . Participants were r and omly assigned to receive either removable partial dentures including molar replacement ( RPD_group ) or retain a premolar occlusion ( PROC_group ) . The Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-49 ) and the RDC for TMD were completed by participants before treatment ( pre-treatment ) , 6 weeks ( 6 wks ) , 6 months ( 6 m ) and 12 months ( 12 m ) after treatment . At the 12-month follow up , data of 10 women and 11 men ( mean 
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The remaining articles were reports of prospect i ve cohort studies from Denmark and the Netherl and s. CONCLUSIONS there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend one tooth replacement strategy over another in adult patients with reduced dentitions .