***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES A clinical trial , involving 203 resin-bonded bridges ( RBBs ) was undertaken to investigate the influence of retainer-type and luting material on the survival of these restorations . METHODS For this evaluation , 157 patients were available ( 14 % of the original sample was lost to follow-up or excluded from the study following the stopping criteria ) . Fifty per cent of the patients were question ed concerning the fate of the RBBs and 59 % of question ed patients were examined clinical ly . The patients that were seen for examination were representatives of the experimental groups . The findings from the clinical examination were compared with the data obtained from the question naire . Missing data were censored at the date of the last available information . Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated to assess the survivals at the endpoints and compared using Cox 's proportional hazards procedure . RESULTS A significant difference was found between perforated ( P-type ) and etched ( E-type ) RBBs ( P = 0.05 ) for original bonded restorations but not when rebonded RBBs were taken into account . The results of the survival analysis were : anterior P-type , 49 + /- 7 % after 10.5 years : anterior E-type , 57 + /- 7 % after 10.5 years ; posterior P-type , 18 + /- 11 % after 6.8 years ; posterior E-type , 37 + /- 13 % after 10.2 years . Survivals of RBBs that were rebonded once during the evaluation period were 62 + /- 9 % ( 11.0 years ) for anterior RBBs and 51 + /- 11 % ( 10.2 years ) for posterior RBBs . CONCLUSIONS The factor location ( anterior versus posterior ) was as in previous analyses , highly significant . Differences in survival between cementation material s were not significant The etched-cast restoration was introduced in 1980 , and a prospect i ve study was initiated in March 1981 to determine if resin-bonded prostheses would prove to be a long-term alternative to traditional complete and partial coverage restorations . All resin-bonded restorations placed since that time in the author 's private prosthodontic practice have been recorded in the study . The success rate of 127 restorations has been 92.9 % , with a mean longevity of 5 years and 8 months OBJECTIVES All-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures ( RBFPDs ) were introduced as a conservative treatment approach 15 years ago . The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate the long-term clinical survival of RBFPDs made with a conventional two-retainer design or a cantilever single-retainer design . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A total of 37 anterior RBFPDs were made from the glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic In-Ceram . Sixteen RBFPDs with a conventional two-retainer design were inserted in 14 patients , and 21 RBFPDs with a cantilever single-retainer design were inserted in 16 patients . Panavia or Panavia 21 were used as luting agents either after silica-coating and silanation or after air-abrasion only . Patients were recalled every year for a clinical examination to evaluate the restorations with regard to function and possible failures . The mean observation time in the two-retainer group was 75.8 months , and in the single-retainer group it was 51.7 months . RESULTS No restoration debonded . In the two-retainer group , one restoration was lost because it fractured after 3 months at both connectors and one restoration was removed alio loco accidentally . Also in this group , four RBFPDs fractured within 15 months after insertion at one connector , but the pontic remained in situ as a cantilever RBFPD for several years . In the single-retainer group , only one FPD fractured and was lost 48 months after insertion . The 5-year survival rate was 73.9 % in the two-retainer group and 92.3 % in the single-retainer group . When unilateral fracture of a FPD was taken as criterion for failure , the five-year survival rate decreased to 67.3 % in the two-retainer group . CONCLUSIONS Cantilever all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures made from high-strength oxide ceramics present a promising treatment alternative to two-retainer RBFPDs in the anterior region This study evaluated posterior resin-bonded prostheses  using inlays as retainers . Thirty-nine patients missing at least one premolar or first molar received 51 resin-bonded fixed partial dentures with high noble alloy inlay retainers and a metal ceramic pontic . Resin luting material bonding to the framework was secured by the Silicoating method ( 24 fixed partial dentures ) , lost sugar crystal method ( 13 fixed partial dentures ) , or tin plating ( 14 fixed partial dentures ) . Clinical examinations were performed 1 week , 1 month , 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , and 5 years after cementation . None of the fixed partial dentures with silicoating or sugar crystal impressions lost retention , whereas two of the tin-plated fixed partial dentures required replacement . Resin-bonded inlay-retained prostheses appear to be a favorable alternative to other types of fixed partial dentures Abstract Within the framework of an on-going prospect i ve clinical study begun in 1985 , 120 adhesive-fixed partial dentures ( AFPD ) continued to be examined . The manufacture and the fitting of the AFPDs were carried out following a st and ard procedure . The preparation technique and the metal framework conditioning ( silica-coating , s and blasting and electrochemical etching ) has varied throughout the duration of the study . Using Kaplan-Meier analysis , the survival rate was determined and an analysis of risk with regard to location factors ( anterior , posterior ; maxilla , m and ible ) , conditioning and preparation techniques ( retentive/non-retentive ) was determined using the Cox regression model . The location of the AFPD had no influence on the survival rate . The survival time was determined mainly by the preparation technique . Strict preparation of seating grooves and pin holes made a 95 % survival rate possible after 10 years ( Kaplan-Meier estimation ) . Without retention , the risk of failure increased by a factor of 3.7 A total of 382 resin bonded bridges and splints were fitted , in 309 patients , in a teaching hospital . The restorations were evaluated after a period ranging from 5 months to 8 years . During the evaluation period 125 restorations ( 33 % ) debonded of which 69 ( 55 % ) were rebonded . The survival rates of the rebonded restorations at first , second , third or fourth rebond , where necessary , did not differ from the survival rate of the same restorations up to the first debond . Restorations constructed using the Rochette design had a significantly higher debond rate than the other design s. However , since they also exhibited a high rebond rate Rochette restorations continued to perform well over the study period . Splints had a higher debond rate as did restorations placed in patients in the age group 11 to 20 years , restorations involving more than two abutment teeth , and restorations containing more than one tooth OBJECTIVES To assess prospect ively over 10 years the incidences of technical and /or biological complications and failures occurring in a cohort of consecutive partially edentulous patients with fixed reconstructions on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System . METHODS Eighty-nine patients were available , 34 ( 38.2 % ) were male , 55 ( 61.8 % ) were female . At the 10-year examination ( range 8 - 12 years ) , they were 58.9 years old ( range 28 - 88 years ) . RESULTS Single crowns ( SC ) : 48 patients had been restored with 69 SC on 69 implants . Five of the implants with the crowns were lost because of biological failures . Two crowns ( 2.9 % ) were remade because of technical failures . Total failure amounted to seven ( 10 % ) . Implant borne fixed partial dentures ( I-I FPD ) : In 29 patients who had been restored with 33 implant borne suprastructures , the total number of failed I-I FPD was 2 ( 6.1 % ) . Tooth-implant borne fixed partial dentures ( I-T FPD ) : In 21 patients , 22 mixed tooth-implant borne reconstructions were constructed . The number of failed FPD reached 7 ( 31.8 % ) . Statistically significantly fewer biological failures occurred with I-I FPD compared with the I-T FPDs ( ANOVA , Bonferroni , P=0.022 ) . The I-T FPDs experienced statistically significantly more frequent technical failures compared with the other two groups of suprastructures ( P=0.003 , 0.031 ) . Consequences of complications : The occurrence of loss of retention as a complication increased the odds ratio ( OR ) to 17.6 ( P<0.001 ) to end up in a technical failure . Similarly , the event of a porcelain fracture increased the OR for the suprastructure to be a failure at 10 years to 11.0 ( P < or = 0.004 ) . Treatment of periimplantitis increased the OR to 5.44 ( P < or = 0.011 ) to result in a biological failure compared with implants in which this type of treatment was not applied . CONCLUSION The three groups of suprastructures demonstrated marked differences in their patterns of failures and complications . Complications increased the risk for failure . Support by CRF , University of Berne , Switzerl and STATEMENT OF PROBLEM It is important to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures and extracoronal attachments for removable prostheses . PURPOSE A prospect i ve , long-term clinical study was conducted to evaluate the success of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures since 1985 and of resin-bonded extracoronal attachments from 1987 . METHODS Until 1993 , a total of 130 resin-bonded fixed partial dentures had been seated in 101 patients , as well as 12 removable partial dentures ( RPDs ) with 24 extracoronal retainers in 10 patients . The clinical treatment protocol and the laboratory procedures were st and ardized . By the end of 1993 , it was possible to reexamine 98 patients with a total of 127 resin-bonded fixed partial dentures and all 10 patients with removable partial dentures . The average time in function for the resin-bonded fixed partial dentures at the time of examination was 3.4 years and 2.3 years for the removable restorations . RESULTS During the period of observation , one retainer failed on six of the resin-bonded fixed partial dentures , which represents a failure rate of 4.7 % . Debonding of extracoronal attachments was recorded for 8.3 % of the total number of retainers . CONCLUSION The resin-bonded fixed partial denture technique can be considered to be a clinical ly reliable method of treatment , and permits the expansion of indications beyond a classical three-unit resin-bonded fixed partial denture . Long-term clinical success of removable partial dentures with resin-bonded extracoronal retainers warrants additional clinical studies OBJECTIVES The purpose of this clinical pilot study was to evaluate the resin bond to alumina ceramic in vivo when using a bonding method which had been shown to be successful in laboratory testing . METHODS Seventeen resin-bonded all-ceramic bridges and splints fabricated from a glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic  were tribochemically silica coated and resin bonded to their abutment teeth . The patients were recalled every 6 months to evaluate the restorations with regard to function and possible failures . RESULTS Over a mean observation time of 3.8 + /- 1.6 years some ceramic fractures occurred . However , the resin bond between the teeth and the alumina ceramic always remained stable . CONCLUSIONS Silica coating of alumina ceramic result ed in a durable resin bond over up to 5 years OBJECTIVES A r and omized controlled clinical trial was undertaken , to study the influence of some patient- and operator-dependent variables on the survival of  posterior resin-bonded bridges ( PRBBs )  and to assess the survival of replacement ' PRBBs . This report contains some of the results of the 5-year analysis . METHODS Survival was defined at three levels : ( 1 ) complete survival ( without any debonding ) , ( 2 ) functional survival ( i.e. survival after one loss of retention ) and ( 3 ) replacement survival ( survival of ' replacement ' PRBBs , inserted after rebonded bridges suffered a second dislodgement ) . Potential risk factors were analysed with Cox 's proportional hazards model and differences were tested for significance with the Breslow test . Observed effects are expressed as conditional-relative-risk ( CRR ) . Survival of ' replacement ' PRBBs was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method . RESULTS Factors showing significant influences on complete survival were : ' location ' ( highest risk for m and ibular PRBBs : CRR = 2.2 ) , ' aetiology ' ( higher risk in treatment of aplasia : CRR = 2.9 ) , and ' time of existence ' ( open spaces existing less than 2 years before insertion of PRBB : CRR : 2.0 ) . The factor ' large open spaces in the m and ible ' was a risk for both complete and functional survival ( CCR values 3.1 and 3. 
    Output:
    
Despite the high survival rate of RBBs , technical complications like debonding are frequent .
This in turn means that a substantial amount of extra chair time may be needed following the incorporation of RBBs .
There is thus an urgent need for studies with a follow-up time of 10 years or more , to evaluate the long-term outcomes