***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background As a result of inappropriate feeding , poor health and hygiene , and poor caring practice s , the nutritional status of many young infants deteriorates with advancing age . Objective To explore the effectiveness of a nutrition education package to prevent malnutrition among young children . Methods A community-based , r and omized , controlled trial was conducted among 605 normal and mildly malnourished children aged 6 to 9 months in 121 Community Nutrition Centers ( CNCs ) of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project ( BINP ) in four regions of Bangladesh from 2000 to 2002 . The intervention group received weekly nutrition education based on the nutrition triangle concept of UNICEF for 6 months , whereas the control group received regular BINP services . Both groups were observed for a further 6 months to assess the sustainability of the effects . Information on socio-economic status , feeding patterns , morbidity , and anthropometric features was collected . Results A significant increase in the frequency of complementary feeding was observed in the intervention group as compared with the control group , and the increase was sustained throughout the observation period . The intervention group had a higher weight gain than the control group after the end of the intervention ( 0.86 vs. 0.77 kg , p = 0.053 ) and after the end of the observation period ( 1.81 vs. 1.39 kg , p < .001 ) . The proportion of normal and mildly malnourished children was greater in the intervention group than in the control group after the end of the observations ( 88.9 % vs. 61.5 % , p < .001 ) . Nutrition education successfully prevented malnutrition in all the areas . Variation in the outcome of nutrition education among the regions was observed . Conclusions This culturally appropriate nutrition education package based on the nutrition triangle model effectively prevented growth faltering and malnutrition among young children ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of educational dietary intervention offered in the child ’s first year of life , as well as teenage mothers and gr and mothers in carrying out the dietary recommendations at four to seven years . METHODS R and omized clinical trial initiated in 2006 , in Porto Alegre , RS , involving 323 teenage mothers and gr and mothers who cohabited . The intervention consisted of six counseling sessions on breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding . The first session occurred in the maternity ward and the other ones in the households of mothers at seven , 15 , 30 , 60 , and 120 days of the child ’s life . The information about the child ’s diet were obtained on a monthly basis in the first six months , every two months in the second half-year , and at four to seven years , using a food frequency question naire . To assess the adequacy of food consumption to the recommendations from the Ministry of Health , we elaborated a score system that would reflect the compliance with the Ten Steps for Healthy Toddlers from 2 to 10 Years . The average scores of intervention and control groups were compared using the t-test . RESULTS Low adherence to recommendations on child nutrition was found in the study population , with no difference in implementation the steps between the groups . The score on the compliance with the steps was similar in both groups ( 9.6 [ SD = 1.63 ] and 9.3 [ SD = 1.60 ] in the intervention and control groups , respectively ) and no influence of the cohabitation with the gr and mother was found . CONCLUSIONS Educational dietary intervention in the first four months of the child ’s life for teenage mothers and gr and mothers had no effect on the compliance with the recommendations at four to seven years of the child ’s life Summary Background Many countries now offer support to teenage mothers to help them to achieve long-term socioeconomic stability and to give a successful start to their children . The Family Nurse Partnership ( FNP ) is a licensed intensive home-visiting intervention developed in the USA and introduced into practice in Engl and that involves up to 64 structured home visits from early pregnancy until the child 's second birthday by specially recruited and trained family nurses . We aim ed to assess the effectiveness of giving the programme to teenage first-time mothers on infant and maternal outcomes up to 24 months after birth . Methods We did a pragmatic , non-blinded , r and omised controlled , parallel-group trial in community midwifery setting s at 18 partnerships between local authorities and primary and secondary care organisations in Engl and . Eligible participants were nulliparous and aged 19 years or younger , and were recruited at less than 25 weeks ' gestation . Field-based research ers r and omly allocated mothers ( 1:1 ) via remote r and omisation ( telephone and web ) to FNP plus usual care ( publicly funded health and social care ) or to usual care alone . Allocation was stratified by site and minimised by gestation ( < 16 weeks vs ≥16 weeks ) , smoking status ( yes vs no ) , and preferred language of data collection ( English vs non-English ) . Mothers and assessors ( local research ers at baseline and 24 months ' follow-up ) were not masked to group allocation , but telephone interviewers were blinded . Primary endpoints were biomarker-calibrated self-reported tobacco use by the mother at late pregnancy , birthweight of the baby , the proportion of women with a second pregnancy within 24 months post-partum , and emergency attendances and hospital admissions for the child within 24 months post-partum . Analyses were by intention to treat . This trial is registered with IS RCT N , number IS RCT N23019866 . Findings Between June 16 , 2009 , and July 28 , 2010 , we screened 3251 women . After enrolment , 823 women were r and omly assigned to receive FNP and 822 to usual care . All follow-up data were retrieved by April 25 , 2014 . 304 ( 56 % ) of 547 women assigned to FNP and 306 ( 56 % ) of 545 assigned to usual care smoked at late pregnancy ( adjusted odds ratio [ AOR ] 0·90 , 97·5 % CI 0·64–1·28 ) . Mean birthweight of 742 babies with mothers assigned to FNP was 3217·4 g ( SD 618·0 ) , whereas birthweight of 768 babies assigned to usual care was 3197·5 g ( SD 581·5 ; adjusted mean difference 20·75 g , 97·5 % CI −47·73 to 89·23 . 587 ( 81 % ) of 725 assessed children with mothers assigned to FNP and 577 ( 77 % ) of 753 assessed children assigned to usual care attended an emergency department or were admitted to hospital at least once before their second birthday ( AOR 1·32 , 97·5 % CI 0·99–1·76 ) . 426 ( 66 % ) of 643 assessed women assigned to FNP and 427 ( 66 % ) 646 assigned to usual care had a second pregnancy within 2 years ( AOR 1·01 , 0·77–1·33 ) . At least one serious adverse event ( mainly clinical events associated with pregnancy and infancy period ) was reported for 310 ( 38 % ) of 808 participants ( mother – child ) in the usual care group and 357 ( 44 % ) of 810 in the FNP group , none of which were considered related to the intervention . Interpretation Adding FNP to the usually provided health and social care provided no additional short-term benefit to our primary outcomes . Programme continuation is not justified on the basis of available evidence , but could be reconsidered should supportive longer-term evidence emerge . Funding Department of Health Policy Research Programme OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of a child feeding training program for primary care health professionals about breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice s. METHODS Cluster-r and omized field trial conducted in the city of Porto Alegre , ( RS ) , Brazil . Twenty primary health care centers ( HCC ) were r and omized into intervention ( n = 9 ) and control ( n = 11 ) groups . The health professionals ( n = 200 ) at the intervention group centers received training about healthy feeding practice s. Pregnant women were enrolled at the study . Up to six months of child 's age , home visits were made to obtain variables related to breastfeeding and introduction of foods . RESULTS 619 children were evaluated : 318 from the intervention group and 301 from the control group .  Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence in the first ( 72.3 versus 59.4 % ; RR = 1.21 ; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.38 ) , second ( 62.6 versus 48.2 % ; RR = 1.29 ; 95%CI 1.10 - 1.53 ) , and third months of life ( 44.0 % versus 34.6 % ; RR = 1.27 ; 95%CI 1.04 - 1.56 ) was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group . The prevalence of children who consumed meat four or five times per week was higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( 36.8 versus 22.6 % ; RR = 1.62 ; 95%CI 1.32 - 2.03 ) . The prevalence of children who had consumed soft drinks ( 34.9 versus 52.5 % ; RR = 0.66 ; 95%CI 0.54 - 0.80 ) , chocolate ( 24.5 versus 36.7 % RR = 0.66 95%CI 0.53 - 0.83 ) , petit suisse ( 68.9 versus 79.7 ; 95%CI 0.75 - 0.98 ) and coffee ( 10.4 versus 20.1 % ; RR = 0.51 ; 95%CI 0.31 - 0.85 ) in their six first months of life was lower in the intervention group . CONCLUSION The training of health professionals had a positive impact on infant feeding practice s , contributing to the promotion of child health The WHO ( 2001 ) recommends exclusive breast-feeding and delaying the introduction of solid foods to an infant 's diet until 6 months postpartum . However , in many countries , this recommendation is followed by few mothers , and earlier weaning onto solids is a commonly reported global practice . Therefore , this prospect i ve , observational study aim ed to assess compliance with the WHO recommendation and examine weaning practice s , including the timing of weaning of infants , and to investigate the factors that predict weaning at ≤ 12 weeks . From an initial sample of 539 pregnant women recruited from the Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital , Dublin , 401 eligible mothers were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum . Quantitative data were obtained on mothers ' weaning practice s using semi-structured question naires and a short dietary history of the infant 's usual diet at 6 months . Only one mother ( 0.2 % ) complied with the WHO recommendation to exclusively breastfeed up to 6 months . Ninety-one ( 22.6 % ) infants were prematurely weaned onto solids at ≤ 12 weeks with predictive factors after adjustment , including mothers ' antenatal reporting that infants should be weaned onto solids at ≤ 12 weeks , formula feeding at 12 weeks and mothers ' reporting of the maternal gr and mother as the principal source of advice on infant feeding . Mothers who weaned their infants at ≤ 12 weeks were more likely to engage in other sub-optimal weaning practice s , including the addition of non-recommended condiments to their infants ' foods . Provision of professional advice and exploring antenatal maternal misperceptions are potential areas for targeted interventions to improve compliance with the recommended weaning practice The effectiveness of in-hospital self-care patient education , delivered to patients following heart surgery , is question able , as evidence indicates individuals are not able to absorb and /or retain information at this time . In the absence of adequate instruction , individuals will not have the relevant information to engage in specific self-care behaviors , result ing in the onset of complications and /or hospital readmissions . The purpose of this pilot study was to collect preliminary evidence to demonstrate the impact of an individualized education intervention given above and beyond usual care , delivered , at two points in time , following hospital discharge . A r and omized controlled trial was used in which 34 patients were r and omly assigned to one of two groups . Chi-square analyses to examine differences between groups on complications and hospital readmission rates were conducted . Findings point to the impact of the intervention in reducing the number of hospital readmissions and complications at 3 months following hospital discharge Background Many HIV/AIDS patients experience pain often due to advanced HIV/AIDS infection and side effects of treatment . In sub-Saharan Africa , pain management for people with HIV/AIDS is suboptimal . With survival extended as a direct consequence of improved access to antiretroviral therapy , the prevalence of HIV/AIDS related pain is increasing . As most care is provided at home , the management of pain requires patient and family involvement . Pain education is an important aspect in the management of pain in HIV/AIDS patients . Studies of the effectiveness of pain education interventions for people with HIV/AIDS have been conducted almost exclusively in western countries . Methods / design A r and omised controlled trial is being conducted at the HIV and palliative care clinics of two public hospitals in Malawi . To be elig 
    Output:
    
There was limited ( low to very low- quality ) evidence of an effect for all growth outcomes .
Quality of evidence There is moderate to very low- quality evidence that educational interventions can improve complementary feeding practice s but insufficient evidence to conclude that it impacts growth outcomes .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS Overall , we found evidence that education improves complementary feeding practice