***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose sThis study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes and survival between  laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy ( LARH ) and open right hemicolectomy ( ORH ) for right-sided colon cancer . Methods Between July 1996 and October 2005 , 145 patients were r and omized to receive LARH ( n = 71 ) or ORH ( n = 74 ) . Results The median follow-up of living patients was 99.7 months . The demographic data of the two groups were similar . The time to resume diet ( 4 vs. 5 days , p = 0.045 ) and the hospital stay ( 7.8 vs. 10 days , p = 0.033 ) were significantly shorter in LARH group , but these benefits were at the expense of longer operating time ( 198 vs. 129 min , p = 0.002 ) and higher direct cost ( USD8745 vs. USD6293 , p < 0.001 ) . The morbidity and mortality were comparable between the two groups . After curative resection , the probabilities of survival at 5 years of the LARH and ORH groups were 74.2 % ( SE 7.4 % ) and 75 % ( SE 7.1 % ) , respectively . The probabilities of being disease free at 5 years were 82.3 % ( SE 6.9 % ) and 84.1 % ( SE 6.2 % ) , respectively . Conclusions Laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic cancer has the advantage over open surgery in allowing earlier recovery . However this is at the expense of a longer operating time and higher direct cost ( registration number : NCT00485316 ( http://www . clinical trials.gov ) ) BACKGROUND Minimally invasive , laparoscopically assisted surgery was first considered in 1990 for patients undergoing colectomy for cancer . Concern that this approach would compromise survival by failing to achieve a proper oncologic resection or adequate staging or by altering patterns of recurrence ( based on frequent reports of tumor recurrences within surgical wounds ) prompted a controlled trial evaluation . METHODS We conducted a noninferiority trial at 48 institutions and r and omly assigned 872 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon to undergo open or laparoscopically assisted colectomy performed by credentialed surgeons . The median follow-up was 4.4 years . The primary end point was the time to tumor recurrence . RESULTS At three years , the rates of recurrence were similar in the two groups--16 percent among patients in the group that underwent laparoscopically assisted surgery and 18 percent among patients in the open-colectomy group ( two-sided P=0.32 ; hazard ratio for recurrence , 0.86 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.63 to 1.17 ) . Recurrence rates in surgical wounds were less than 1 percent in both groups ( P=0.50 ) . The overall survival rate at three years was also very similar in the two groups ( 86 percent in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 85 percent in the open-colectomy group ; P=0.51 ; hazard ratio for death in the laparoscopic-surgery group , 0.91 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.68 to 1.21 ) , with no significant difference between groups in the time to recurrence or overall survival for patients with any stage of cancer . Perioperative recovery was faster in the laparoscopic-surgery group than in the open-colectomy group , as reflected by a shorter median hospital stay ( five days vs. six days , P<0.001 ) and briefer use of parenteral narcotics ( three days vs. four days , P<0.001 ) and oral analgesics ( one day vs. two days , P=0.02 ) . The rates of intraoperative complications , 30-day postoperative mortality , complications at discharge and 60 days , hospital readmission , and reoperation were very similar between groups . CONCLUSIONS In this multi-institutional study , the rates of recurrent cancer were similar after laparoscopically assisted colectomy and open colectomy , suggesting that the laparoscopic approach is an acceptable alternative to open surgery for colon cancer Objective : This study aim ed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic resection ( LR ) with open resection ( OR ) for right-sided colon cancer . Methods : During the study period from June 2000 to December 2004 , 182 patients ( 84 men ) underwent elective resection for cancer of the right colon . Laparoscopic resection was performed in 77 patients , while 105 patients had open operations . Patients who underwent operations on an emergency basis were excluded . Data on the patients ' demographics , operative details , and postoperative complications were collected prospect ively . The outcomes of patients with laparoscopic resection  were compared with those of patients with  open surgery . Results : There was no difference in the age , sex , presence of premorbid medical conditions , and blood loss between the 2 groups . The mean operative time for open resection was 115.4 minutes and that for laparoscopic resection was 165.1 minutes ( P<0.001 ) . Among the 77 patients who underwent laparoscopic resection , 7 ( 9 % ) required conversion to an open operation . There was no difference in postoperative surgically related complications including wound infection , leakage , intestinal obstruction , postoperative ileus . Nonsurgical-related complications were also similar . The median time to resumption of a normal diet was 3 days and 4 days in the laparoscopic and open groups , respectively . The median hospital stay in patients with laparoscopic resection was significantly shorter than in patients with open surgery ( 6.0 days vs 7.0 days , P<0.001 ) . The 2-year overall survival rates were 74 % in both groups ( P=0.904 ) . In the converted to open ( LCOR ) group , the hospital stay was significantly longer ( LR vs OR vs LCOR , 5.5 days vs 7.0 days vs 9.0 days respectively , P<0.001 ) . Conclusion : Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is a safe option for cancers of the right colon . It is associated with a shorter hospital stay and earlier resumption of a normal diet . Mortality and morbidity are similar to that with the open approach . There is no compromise in the survival of patients BACKGROUND The safety and short-term benefits of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer remain debatable . The multicentre COLOR ( COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection ) trial was done to assess the safety and benefit of laparoscopic resection compared with open resection for curative treatment of patients with cancer of the right or left colon . METHODS 627 patients were r and omly assigned to laparoscopic surgery and 621 patients to open surgery .  The primary endpoint was cancer-free survival 3 years after surgery . Secondary outcomes were short-term morbidity and mortality , number of positive resection margins , local recurrence , port-site or wound-site recurrence , metastasis , overall survival , and blood loss during surgery . Analysis was by intention to treat . Here , clinical characteristics , operative findings , and postoperative outcome are reported . FINDINGS Patients assigned laparoscopic resection had less blood loss compared with those assigned open resection ( median 100 mL [ range 0 - 2700 ] vs 175 mL [ 0 - 2000 ] , p<0.0001 ) , although laparoscopic surgery lasted 30 min longer than did open surgery ( p<0.0001 ) . Conversion to open surgery was needed for 91 ( 17 % ) patients undergoing the laparoscopic procedure . Radicality of resection as assessed by number of removed lymph nodes and length of resected oral and aboral bowel did not differ between groups . Laparoscopic colectomy was associated with earlier recovery of bowel function ( p<0.0001 ) , need for fewer analgesics , and with a shorter hospital stay ( p<0.0001 ) compared with open colectomy .  Morbidity and mortality 28 days after colectomy did not differ between groups . INTERPRETATION Laparoscopic surgery can be used for safe and radical resection of cancer in the right , left , and sigmoid colon PURPOSE : This study was undertaken to compare morbidity , mortality , and pathology after  laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy ( LARHC ) or open right hemicolectomy ( ORHC ) for cancer of the right colon . METHODS : Patients undergoing either LARHC or ORHC for invasive carcinoma of the right colon during a 30-month period were studied . Data were collected from two sources . All morbidity , mortality , and pathology data were collected prospect ively in a form suitable for computer storage and analysis as part of the ongoing Concord Hospital Colorectal Cancer Registry . Data concerning in hospital course were obtained by casenote review . RESULTS : Twenty-eight patients underwent LARHC , and 33 had an ORHC during the study period . The two groups were well matched with respect to age , sex , weight , associated comorbidities , and tumor stage . Mean operating room use time was significantly higher for LARHC ( LARHC=261 minutes ; ORHC=203 minutes;P<0.001 ) . Mean hospital stay from date of resection was the same in both groups ( LARHC=12 days ; ORHC=12.2 days ) . There was no significant difference between procedures with respect to postoperative complications , return of gastrointestinal function , or narcotic analgesic requirements . There was a significant shorter distal margin of resection in the LARHC group ( ORHC=13.4 cm ; LARHC=10 cm;P=0.03 . ) . Total cost was significantly greater for LARHC ( $ 9,064vs.$7,881 (Australian);P<0.001 ) . Median follow-up was 23.4 months for the LARHC group and 23.9 months for the ORHC group . To date , there have been no local or port site recurrences . CONCLUSION : Although there is no difference in morbidity and mortality following LARHC or ORHC , there is no apparent benefit for LARHC Background The role of laparoscopic resection in the management of colon cancer is still a subject of debate . In this clinical study , we compared the perioperative results and long-term outcome for two unselected groups of patients undergoing either laparoscopic or open hemicolectomy for colon cancer . Methods This prospect i ve nonr and omized study was based on a series of 248 consecutive patients operated on by the same surgical team using the same type of surgical technique for right ( RHC ) and left ( LHC ) hemicolectomy , excluding segmental resections ;  the only difference was the type of access , which was either laparoscopic or open . The choice of type of access was left up to the patient after he or she had read the informed consent form . Operative time , length of stay , complications , and long-term outcome for the two groups were compared . Follow-up time ranged between 12 and 92 months ( mean , 42 ) . Results Between March 1992 and January 2000 , 140 patients underwent a laparoscopic hemicolectomy ( 55 RHC and 86 LHC ) ; at the same time , 107 patients ( 44 RHC and 63 LHC ) were treated via an open approach . There were no conversions to open surgery in the laparoscopic RHC group , but six patients ( 7 % ) in the laparoscopic LHC group were converted . The mean operative time for  laparoscopic surgery  was significantly longer than the time for open surgery ( 190 vs 140 min for RHC , 240 vs 190 min for LHC ) ; however , with increasing experience , this time decreased significantly . The mean hospital stay for the patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures was significantly shorter in both the RHC and the LHC groups ( 9.2 vs 13.2 days for RHC , 10.0 vs 13.2 days for LHC ) . No statistically significant difference between the two laparoscopic and open groups was observed for the major complication rate ( 1.9 % vs 2.3 % for RHC , 7.5 % vs 6.3 % for LHC ) . The patient in the laparoscopic RHC group were lost to follow-up . The local recurrence rate was lower after laparoscopic surgery in both arms ( 5.4 % vs 9 % for RHC , 1.5 % vs 7.5 % for LHC ) , but the differences were not statistically significant . Two port site recurrences were observed in the laparoscopic groups , one after RHC ( 2.7 % ) and one after LHC ( 1.5 % ) . Metachronous metastases rates were similar for the two groups ( 16.2 % vs 15.1 % for RHC , 4.4 % vs 5.7 % for LHC ) . Cumulative survival probability at 48 months after laparoscopic RHC was 0.865 , as compared to 0.818 after open surgery , and 0.971 after laparoscopic LHC , as compared to 0.887 after open surgery . Conclusion These results suggest that laparoscopic hemicolectomy for colonic cancer can be performed safely , with morbidity , mortality , and long-term results comparable to those of open surgery Since 2001 we have conducted a prospect i ve r and omised study of right laparoscopic-assisted hemicolectomy vs open right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer in order to assess the differences in intraoperative and postoperative 
    Output:
    
Conclusions Based on the evidence of few r and omised and mostly controlled series , mortality and morbidity were significantly lower after laparoscopy compared to open surgery