***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES To present our 3-year data comparing laser prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) .  Laser prostatectomy was one of the first new minimally invasive treatment modalities for BPH , and few reports of the long-term results of this treatment regimen have been published . METHODS One hundred men with BPH in whom medical therapy had failed were r and omized to undergo either laser prostatectomy or TURP .  Preoperative measurements included American Urologic Association symptom score , prostate-specific antigen , uroflowmetry , and transrectal ultrasonography ( TRUS ) .  Laser prostatectomy was performed using the potassium titanyl-phosphate/neodynium : yttrium aluminum-garnet laser . TURP was performed in a st and ard manner with video monitoring . Patients were seen in follow-up at 1 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months and every 12 months thereafter , with the following data obtained : symptom score , peak urinary flow rate , prostate-specific antigen level , and TRUS volume . RESULTS A total of 100 patients were entered into the study , with 50 patients in each treatment group . The mean age was 68.2 years ( range 45 to 90 ) for the laser patients and 67.4 years ( range 54 to 82 ) for the TURP group . The mean symptom score decreased from 22.0 to 9.9 at 36 months of follow-up for the laser patients compared with 21.2 to 7.7 for the TURP patients . The mean peak flow rate increased from 8.2 to 12.3 mL/s at 36 months for the laser group with a similar increase from 7.3 to 12.8 mL/s for the TURP patients . The mean TRUS volume for the laser patients decreased from 33.9 to 32.9 cm3 at 36 months compared with a mean TRUS volume of 29.6 cm3 preoperatively for the TURP patients that decreased to 26.3 cm3 at 36 months . CONCLUSIONS At 36 to 72 months of follow-up , the durability of results achieved by the patients in the laser cohort was similar to that for patients undergoing TURP PURPOSE We assess the 1-year efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate compared to transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A prospect i ve , r and omized clinical trial of 121 men 50 years old or older with symptomatic BPH was performed at 7 medical centers across the United States . Of the men 65 ( 54 % ) were treated with transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and 56 ( 46 % ) underwent transurethral resection of the prostate . Mean and percentage changes from baseline and between cohorts for American Urological Association ( AUA ) symptom score , AUA bother score , quality of life score , peak urinary flow rate and post-void residual urine volume were measured at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months following treatment . Length of procedure , hospitalization , type of anesthesia , post-procedure catheterization , side effects and sexual function were compared . RESULTS Transurethral needle ablation and resection result ed in a statistically significant improvement in AUA symptom , bother and quality of life scores , peak urinary flow rate and post-void residual . At 1-year followup , needle ablation and resection were equally effective in enhancing quality of life .  Needle ablation had less effect on sexual function , with resection being associated with a greater incidence of retro grade ejaculation .  Needle ablation could be performed as an outpatient procedure with local anesthesia while resection required anesthesia and hospitalization . Needle ablation was associated with markedly fewer side effects than resection . CONCLUSIONS Compared to transurethral resection of the prostate , transurethral needle ablation of the prostate is an efficacious , minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic BPH that is associated with few side effects OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral microwave thermotherapy ( TUMT ) with ProstaLund Feedback Treatment , using the CoreTherm device , with transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) 5 years after treatment . METHODS This prospect i ve , r and omized , multicenter study was conducted at 10 centers in the United States and Sc and inavia . A total of 154 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were r and omized to TUMT or TURP in a 2:1 ratio . Patients were followed up at 3 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , and 60 months after treatment . The intermediate results at 12 and 36 months have been previously reported . The treatment outcome at 5 years was evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , quality of life question ( QOL ) , peak urinary flow rate ( Qmax ) , postvoid residual urine volume , and prostate volume . The CoreTherm device differs from other microwave devices in that the intraprostatic temperature is constantly measured during the procedure to guide the treatment . RESULTS Of the 154 patients , 66 % completed the 60 months of follow-up . Statistically significant improvements in the TUMT and TURP groups were observed for IPSS , QOL , and Qmax at 60 months . The average values for the TUMT group were an IPSS of 7.4 , QOL score of 1.1 , and Qmax of 11.4 mL/s . The values for the TURP group were IPSS of 6.0 , QOL score of 1.1 , and Qmax of 13.6 mL/s . No statistically significant differences were found in any of these variables between the two treatment groups . In the TUMT group , 10 % needed additional treatment versus 4.3 % in the TURP group . CONCLUSIONS The clinical outcome 5 years after TUMT using the CoreTherm device was comparable to the results seen after TURP . The safety of TUMT using the CoreTherm device compared favorably with that of TURP OBJECTIVES To compare the short term outcomes of photoselective vaporization ( PVP ) and transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) for gl and s larger than 70 mL in a prospect i ve r and omized trial . METHODS Seventy-six consecutive patients with enlarged prostatic adenomas of 70 to 100 mL were r and omly assigned for surgical treatment with TURP ( n = 37 ) or PVP ( n = 39 ) . International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF-5 ) scores , maximum flow rates ( Qmax ) , postvoid urine residues ( PVR ) , and transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) volumes were recorded . Operative data , complications , catheter removal , and hospitalization periods were also recorded . Patients were reassessed at 3 and 6 months . RESULTS Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar . Mean preoperative TRUS volume was 88 + /- 9.2 mL in the TURP group and 86.1 + /- 8.8 mL in the PVP group . The procedure was significantly shorter for the TURP group ( 51 + /- 17.2 minutes versus 87 + /- 18.3 minutes , P < 0.05 ) , catheter removal ( 3.9 + /- 1.2 days and 1.7 + /- 0.8 days , P < 0.05 ) , and hospital stay ( 4.8 + /- 1.2 days versus 2 + /- 0.7 days , P < 0.05 ) were shorter in the PVP group . A significant difference in IPSS , Qmax and PVR values was observed within the follow-up period in favor of the TURP . The percentage volume reduction was significantly higher in TURP group . Reoperation was necessary in 7 patients in PVP but none in TURP group . CONCLUSIONS Although PVP offers advantageous over TURP with regard to intraoperative and perioperative safety , early functional results of TURP are superior to PVP in patients with enlarged prostates larger than 70 OBJECTIVES We determined the impact of potassium-titanyl-phosphate ( KTP ) laser therapy of the prostate on urodynamic results , voiding function , quality of life , and sexual function . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Forty-five patients complaining of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) and urodynamically proven obstructive voiding were included in the prospect i ve study . Follow-up exams were repeated 3 mo and 12 mo after the treatment . INTERVENTION All patients underwent photoselective 80-Watt KTP laser vaporisation of the prostate performed by two experienced surgeons . MEASUREMENTS Disease-specific quality of life and sexual function were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) and International Inventory of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) . Video-urodynamics were carried out to determine changes in pressure flow and bladder function . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The average preoperative prostate volume was 47.63 ml ( range 30 - 75 m ) . The mean preoperative PSA-value , which had been 3.5 ng/ml ( range 0.13 - 7 ng/ml ) initially , dropped by 34.2 % after 3 mo and 37.1 % after 12 mo . Despite transient micturition complaints ( 40 % ) , all patients showed significant improvement in the IPSS in urinary peak flow and detrusor pressure at peak flow . The mean post-void residual urine volume decreased , while erectile function and libido scores remained unaffected by the procedure according to the IIEF . Detrusor contractility was also not affected in any of the patients . The single-centre study design and small number of patients may have limited the study results . CONCLUSIONS KTP laser therapy of the prostate achieves significant improvements both symptomatically as well as with respect to objective micturition parameters . The procedure leads to a functional deobstruction of the lower urinary tract with steady improvement results throughout the follow up period PURPOSE Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) , including minimally invasive therapy , can impair the quality of life . We prospect ively determined the impact of 4 different interventional therapies on quality of life and sexual function . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 173 patients were prospect ively evaluated between February 1995 and August 1997 . Treatment modalities consisted of st and ard transurethral resection of the prostate in 55 cases , transurethral microwave thermotherapy in 34 , interstitial laser coagulation of the prostate in 42 and transurethral needle ablation in 42 .  Disease specific quality of life was assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life assessment index and BPH impact index . In addition , a self-reporting question naire was completed before and 3 months after treatment to determine the impact on sexual function . RESULTS All 4 treatment groups showed significant improvement in the symptom score , International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life assessment score and BPH impact index score . Satisfaction with treatment was highest in patients treated with transurethral resection or laser coagulation . A mild to moderate decrease in erectile function was noted in 26.5 % , 18.2 % , 18.4 % and 20.0 % of the transurethral resection , microwave thermotherapy , laser coagulation and needle ablation groups , respectively , but there was no significant difference of mean pretreatment and posttreatment erectile function or libido scores in any group . Ejaculation loss or severe decrease in ejaculate volume was reported by 48.6 % , 28.1 % , 21.6 % and 24.3 % of the patients , respectively . Interestingly , 20 of the 44 patients ( 45 . 5 % ) with loss of ejaculation or severe decrease in ejaculate reported deterioration of the sex life , while only 2 ( 3.6 % ) of the 56 without any change in ejaculate volume reported such deterioration . The association of ejaculatory dysfunction with an adverse impact on sexual activity was highly significant ( p < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Significant improvement in quality of life could be achieved with the present assessed interventional therapies . There was no significant change in sexual desire or erectile function with these therapies . Posttreatment sexual dysfunction appears to be mainly related to impaired ejaculatory function . Urologists should provide proper counseling regarding the possibility of this complication even in patients receiving minimally invasive treatment PURPOSE We evaluate the efficacy of a new technique of minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia involving direct injection of dehydrated ethanol . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Dehydrated ethanol was injected transurethrally with lumbar or sacral and urethral anesthesia in 10 patients with prostatic hyperplasia .  Endoscopic injection was performed at 4 to 8 sites in the prostate and 3.5 to 12.0 ml . ethanol were used . RESULTS There were no intraoperative complications but postoperative urinary retention occurred transiently in all patients which required catheterization for a mean of 8.8 days . Mean symptom score plus or minus st and ard deviation was 12.2+/-5.8 at 3 months postoperatively , which was significantly improved from 23.1+/-7.0 preoperatively ( p<0.01 ) . Mean quality of life score also improved significantly 
    Output:
    
Our analysis shows that minimally invasive surgeries for BPH have comparable effects to those of TURP on male erectile function .
TUMT , TUNA and neodymium : yttrium aluminum garnet visual laser ablation or interstitial laser coagulation for BPH has less incidence of EjD , but these procedures are considered less effective for BPH treatment when compared with TURP