***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: UNLABELLED SAFETY and efficacy of sublingual ( sublingual-swallow ) immunotherapy ( IT ) with house dust mite extract were evaluated in 30 children ( 6 - 15 2/3 years of age ) over the first 12 months of an ongoing study . The cumulative dose was 570 micrograms Der p I ( five times that administered with subcutaneous therapy ) . SAFETY One patient on active treatment dropped out after 8 weeks because of a subjective feeling of severe weakness , question ably induced by the therapy . Five patients on active therapy and one patient on placebo reported minor local side effects . EFFICACY Pulmonary symptoms were reduced after 12 months in actively treated asthmatics , but this was not consistent with the lack of improvement in bronchial reactivity , skin sensitivity and specific IgG and IgG4 against D.pt . in this group . In patients with rhinitis  nasal sensitivity was reduced in the placebo group without concomitant improvement in the nasal symptom score . Specific IgE ( D.pt . and D.f . ) increased significantly more in the active treatment group after 3 and 12 months . We conclude that sublingual IT over 12 months with the fivefold Der p 1 dose of subcutaneous IT was well tolerated , but there was no consistent clinical or immunological benefit compared to placebo BACKGROUND House dust extract is used in conventional immunotherapy for house dust-mite ( HDM ) allergic rhinitis in Japan . However , an alternative administration route is desired . The aims of the present double blind , placebo-controlled trial were to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy ( SLIT ) with house dust extract in pediatric patients with HDM allergic rhinitis . METHODS The study population comprised 31 subjects ( 21 males and 10 females ) aged from 7 to 15 years old . Twenty patients ( the active group ) received house dust extract and 11 received placebo via sublingual administration . Extract or placebo ( 1 ml ) was administered at 10-fold dilution once weekly for 40 weeks . During the study period , the subjects recorded their daily nasal symptoms and use ( dose and frequency ) of other medications in a nasal allergy diary . RESULTS The symptom scores in the active group began to decrease about 24 weeks after initiation of treatment and significant differences between the active and placebo groups were observed after 30 weeks . The average scores for the last four weeks of the study were significantly lower than those for the first four weeks in the active group but not in the placebo group . The only local adverse effect was a bitter taste reported by one patient . There were no other local or systemic adverse effects associated with SLIT . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLIT with house dust extract for more than 30 weeks is safe and effective treatment for HDM allergic rhinitis in children The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and immunologic effects of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy ( SLIT ) . A six-month , multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 59 patients aged 6 to 18 years with allergic rhinitis who were sensitized to mites only . Patients were r and omly assigned to placebo or SLIT with a st and ardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.)/D. farinae ( D.f ) 50/50 extract . Nasal symptom scores and use of medications were recorded . Skin sensitivity , mite-specific IgE , IgG4 , and IgG4/IgE were evaluated before and after treatment . The skin sensitivity , total nasal symptom scores and medication consumption did not differ significantly after treatment . Specific IgG4 ( both p < 0.001 ) and IgG4/IgE to D.p . and D.f ( p = 0.010 , p = 0.001 , respectively ) increased significantly in the treatment group . Specific IgE increased significantly in both placebo and SLIT groups after treatment but did not differ between the two groups . The medication was well tolerated .  SLIT did not significantly improve clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis when used for 6 months . We demonstrated SLIT did significantly increase specific IgG4 and IgG4/IgE compared to treatment with placebo BACKGROUND House dust mite ( HDM ) allergy is associated with persistent allergic rhinitis ( AR ) and allergic asthma . OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of a SQ HDM sublingually administered immunotherapy tablet ( ALK , Hørsholm , Denmark ) in adults and adolescents with HDM respiratory allergic disease and report the AR results . METHODS Six hundred four subjects at least 14 years old with HDM AR and mild to moderate HDM allergic asthma were r and omized 1:1:1:1 to double-blinded daily treatment with 1 , 3 , 6 SQ-HDM or placebo . End-of-treatment rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and medication score were predefined extrapulmonary end points . A subgroup analysis was conducted post hoc in subjects with a total combined rhinitis score ( TCRS ) > 0 ( ie , with AR symptoms and /or AR medication use during the 4-week baseline period ) . The subgroup was comprised of 498 subjects ( 82 % ) . RESULTS In the subgroup , the absolute difference in end-of-treatment TCRS between 6 SQ-HDM and placebo was -0.78 ( 95 % confidence interval -1.47 to -0.07 , relative difference 28.8 % , P = .0357 ) . Furthermore , a significant difference was found for the total score of the Rhinitis Quality of Life Question naire with St and ardized Activities RQLQ(S ) and for the individual domains : activities , sleep , non-nose and non-eye symptoms , and nasal symptoms . For the TCRS and Rhinitis Quality of Life Question naire score , a dose response was seen , with numerically lower , nonsignificant differences for 1 and 3 SQ-HDM . The predefined analysis for the entire trial population showed no statistically significant difference between the placebo and actively treated groups . No safety concerns were observed . CONCLUSION Efficacy in mild to severe AR of 6 SQ-HDM compared with placebo was demonstrated by statistically significant improvements in TCRS and Rhinitis Quality of Life Question naire score in subjects with AR present at baseline . The treatment was well tolerated . TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT , no 2006 - 001795 - 20 ; Clinical Trials.gov , identifier NCT00389363 BACKGROUND Although sublingual immunotherapy ( SLIT ) has been demonstrated to be a safe and efficient treatment in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis ( AR ) , there is little evidence on the efficacy of SLIT with house-dust-mite ( HDM ) extract in children with isolated perennial AR . OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of HDM-SLIT in children with isolated allergic rhinitis-conjunctivitis mono-sensitized to HDM without asthma symptoms . METHODS Twenty-two children ( aged 5 - 10 years ) with perennial AR and conjunctivitis symptoms mono-sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae were enrolled . During a 2 months run-in period , symptom and medication scores , lung functions , bronchial hyperreactivity , nasal provocation and skin prick tests were evaluated . Subjects were r and omized to active or placebo using a double-blind method . A total of eighteen subjects were r and omised to receive either active SLIT or placebo for 12 months . Daily symptom and medication scores , baseline lung functions , bronchial hyperreactivity , nasal provocation and skin prick tests were recorded and re-evaluated at the end of treatment . RESULTS After one year of treatment , no significant differences were detected in the between groups and within group comparisons based on total rhinitis symptom/medication scores ( p > 0.05 ) . Skin reactivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was significantly reduced in HDM-SLIT compared to placebo group ( p = 0.018 ) . A significant reduction in nasal sensitivity was observed in SLIT group after one year treatment when compared to baseline ( p = 0.04 ) . Total conjunctivitis symptoms were reduced significantly in both active and lacebo group at the end of treatment compared to baseline . The proportion of patients with non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity increased to almost 3-fold in placebo group compared to baseline . CONCLUSION HDM-SLIT was not superior to placebo in reducing isolated rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms within 12 months of treatment . However , HDM-SLIT has a modulating effect on allergen-specific nasal and skin reactivity in isolated perennial AR children . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at Anzctr.org.au number , ACTRN12613000315718 Background Sublingual immunotherapy ( SLIT ) is recommended for allergic diseases . However , clinical studies containing evidence -based data of this treatment in young children , which is rarely reported in the literature , are needed . This study was design ed to assess the efficacy and safety of SLIT in children , including very young children . Methods Two hundred sixty-four children aged 3–13 years old ( 133 children , 3–5 years old ) with Dermatophagoides farinae – induced allergic rhinitis with or without asthma treated by st and ard pharmacotherapy had r and omly received either  SLIT ( SLIT group )  or  no SLIT ( control group )  for 12 months  . Symptoms , medications , visual analog scale ( VAS ) and presence of adverse events ( AEs ) were assessed at monthly visits . Skin-prick test and Dermatophagoides farinae – specific IgE and IgG4 were measured before and after treatment . Results Both treatments were effective in the global clinical scores during the first seven visits when compared with baseline ( all , p < 0.01 ) , and SLIT showed lower symptoms scores and VAS scores throughout this period ( all , p < 0.01 ) . These improvements continued until the later visits only in the SLIT group . Also , the asthma medication consumption was decreased by SLIT treatment only at the end of study ( p < 0.01 ) . The specific IgG4 was significantly increased after SLIT treatment when compared with the control group , but no significant change of specific IgE was observed in either groups . In the SLIT group , there was no significant difference between children less than or more than 5 year old in terms clinical efficacy , onset of action , immunologic parameters , and safety . No severe systemic AEs were reported . Conclusion SLIT is effective and well-tolerated in children with allergic rhinitis 3–13 years old Background : It has been reported that both sublingual ( SLIT ) and subcutaneous ( SCIT ) allergen-specific immunotherapy have clinical efficacy , yet there are rather few comparative placebo studies of children . We aim ed to investigate the clinical and immunological efficacy of mite-specific SLIT and SCIT versus a placebo in rhinitis and asthma in children . Methods : The outcomes of this 1-year , r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , double-dummy study were symptom and medication scores , visual analog scores ( VAS ) , titrated skin prick tests , nasal and bronchial allergen provocation doses , serum house dust mite-specific immunglobulin E ( HDM-sIgE ) , sIgG4 , IL-10 and IFN-γ levels . Results : Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated in 30 patients .  SCIT significantly diminished symptom and medication scores for rhinitis and asthma ( p = 0.03 and p = 0.05 for rhinitis ; p = 0.01 and p = 0.05 for asthma ) and VAS . SLIT also reduced VAS , symptoms associated with rhinitis and asthma as well as medication usage for rhinitis , but this reduction was not significant when compared with the  placebo . Skin reactivitiy to HDM and HDM-sIgE levels was reduced significantly in both immunotherapy groups . Serum IL-10 levels and nasal provocative doses increased significantly with both SCIT and SLIT . Nasal eosinophil increments after nasal challenge decreased with two treatment modes , but bronchial provocative doses and sputum eosinophil increments after bronchial challenge were reduced only with SCIT . In both treatment arms , there was no change in IFN-γ levels . Serum sIgG4 levels increased significantly only in the SCIT group . Conclusion : Based on the limited number of patients at the end of the 1-year immunotherapy , the clinical efficacy of SCIT on rhinitis and asthma symptoms was more evident when compared with the placebo Immunotherapy in elderly patients is controversial , and there is still no evidence supporting this treatment 's safety and efficacy in this population . This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of specific sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mite ( HDM ) allergens in patients over 60 years of age with allergic rhinitis and a confirmed allergy to HDM BACKGROUND Non-injective routes of immunotherapy are thought to be valuable therapeutic options for respiratory allergy . We investigated the clinical efficacy and the effects of sublingual/oral immunotherapy on conjunctival allergic inflammation in patients with mite-induced respiratory allergy . METHODS We used a double-blind placebo-controlled design . 20 patients with mite-induced rhinoconjunctivitis ( six of whom also had mild asthma ) were r and omly assigned sublingual/oral immunotherapy ( n=10 ) or placebo ( n=10 ) for 2 years . We assessed symptom score by diary cards and inflammatory-cell infiltrate 
    Output:
    
Our meta- analysis indicates that SLIT provided significant symptom relief and reduced the need for medications in PAR .
In this study , significant evidence was obtained despite heterogeneity with regard to the use of mite extract .