***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are linked to the presence of several key pathogens . The treatment of these infectious processes therefore involves the reduction/eradication of bacteria associated with periodontitis . METHODS This prospect i ve , split-mouth , single-blind study followed the colonization of ' pristine ' sulci created in 42 partially edentulous patients during implant surgery ( e.g. abutment connection ) . The hypothesis was that the composition of the maturing subgingival plaque in these ' fresh ' peri-implant pockets would soon ( within 2 weeks ) be comparable to the subgingival microbiota of teeth with similar clinical parameters ( reference sites ) , including the presence of bacteria associated with periodontitis . Per patient , four subgingival plaque sample s were taken from shallow and medium pockets around implants ( test sites ) , and teeth within the same quadrant ( undisturbed microbiota as control sites ) , 1 , 2 , 4 , 13 , 26 and 78 weeks after abutment connection , respectively . The sample s were analysed by either checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization , or cultural techniques , or real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) for intra-subject comparisons ( teeth vs. implant , for comparable probing depths ) . RESULTS Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and real-time PCR revealed a complex microbiota ( including several pathogenic species ) in the peri-implant pockets within 2 weeks after abutment connection . After 7 days , the detection frequency for most species ( including the bacteria associated with periodontitis ) was already nearly identical in sample s from the fresh peri-implant pockets ( 5 % and 20 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) when compared with sample s from the reference teeth . Afterwards ( e.g. between weeks 2 and 13 ) , the number of bacteria in peri-implant pockets only slightly increased ( + /-0.1 log value ) , with minor changes in the relative proportions of bacteria associated with periodontitis ( 8 % and 33 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) . Although small differences were seen between teeth and implants at week 2 with cultural techniques , a striking similarity in subgingival microbiota was found with this technique from month 3 on , with nearly identical detection frequencies for bacteria associated with periodontitis for both abutment types . CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the initial colonization of peri-implant pockets with bacteria associated with periodontitis occurs within 2 weeks BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up studies ( i.e. , over 5 years ) , focusing on prosthetic outcomes and maintenance of implant-supported reconstructions in the edentulous maxilla , are scarce in the literature . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes and maintenance of screw-retained implant-supported full-arch casted titanium-resin prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the r and omized control trial cohort of 24 patients , the outcome and maintenance of 23 bridges were registered . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , 21 still had their original frameworks ; one framework fractured after 8 years and one was remade after 7 years to create better support for the acrylic . The remaining 23 prostheses showed criteria of success , survival , and failure in 9 , 82 , and 9 % , respectively . Tightening of two assembly screws was necessary in one patient . No detrimental effects were seen because of long cantilever extensions or opposing dentition . A total of 4.7 resin-related complications per prosthesis were observed ; tooth fracture was the most common prosthetic complication . There was an indication of greater prevention in the number of resin-related complications with the use of lingual gold onlay compared with a resilient mouth guard , 0.71 and 1.67 , respectively per bridge . The bridges were removed and reinserted 0.83 times per patient . No abutment or abutment screw fractures were registered . CONCLUSION Fracture or wear of the reconstruction material s were considered predictable risks when using resin-based suprastructure material s. Status of opposing dentition and length of cantilevers did not confer additional risk . The use of a lingual gold onlay indicated prevention of resin-related complications . Future research should focus on the suprastructure material s to predict better overall treatment results of implant-supported full-arch bridges in the edentulous maxilla OBJECTIVE To monitor clinical , microbiological and host-derived alterations occurring around teeth and titanium implants during the development of experimental gingivitis/mucositis and their respective healing sequence in humans . MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen subjects with healthy or treated periodontal conditions and restored with dental implants underwent an experimental 3-week period of undisturbed plaque accumulation in the m and ible . Subsequently , a 3-week period with optimal plaque control was instituted . At Days 0 , 7 , 14 , 21 , 28 , 35 and 42 , the presence/absence of plaque deposits around teeth and implants was assessed , ( plaque index [ PlI ] ) and the gingival/mucosal conditions were evaluated ( gingival index[GI ] ) . Subgingival/submucosal plaque sample s and gingival/mucosal crevicular fluid ( CF ) sample s were collected from two pre-determined sites around each experimental unit . CF sample s were analyzed for matrix-metalloproteinase-8 ( MMP-8 ) and interleukin-1beta ( IL-1β ) . Microbial sample s were analyzed using DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 species . RESULTS During 3 weeks of plaque accumulation , the median PlI and GI increased significantly at implants and teeth . Implant sites yielded a greater increase in the median GI compared with tooth sites . Over the 6-week experimental period , the CF levels of MMP-8 were statistically significantly higher at implants compared with teeth ( P<0.05 ) . The CF IL-1β levels did not differ statistically significantly between teeth and implants ( P>0.05 ) . No differences in the total DNA counts between implant and tooth sites were found at any time points . No differences in the detection frequency were found for putative periodontal pathogens between implant and tooth sites . CONCLUSION Peri-implant soft tissues developed a stronger inflammatory response to experimental plaque accumulation when compared with that of their gingival counterparts . Experimental gingivitis and peri-implant mucositis were reversible at the biomarker level . Clinical ly , however , 3 weeks of resumed plaque control did not yield pre-experimental levels of gingival and peri-implant mucosal health indicating that longer healing periods are needed BACKGROUND There have been very few long-term controlled studies ( i.e. , over 5 years duration ) focusing on marginal conditions for implants with a s and blasted , large grit , and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface . PURPOSE To evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes of  implants with an SLA surface placed in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) cohort of 24 patients , the outcomes of implants with an SLA surface were registered . The RCT cohort has previously been reported after 1 year , 3 years , and 5 years of loading . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , the implant survival rate was 95.1 % . If implants of unknown status were also considered lost , that is , one drop-out patient with three implants for whom no information could be obtained , the implant survival rate was 93 % . The mean marginal bone loss from baseline ( 139 implants ) to 10 years ( 102 implants ) was 1.07 mm ( st and ard deviation 0.98 ) . One implant out of 102 available for radiographic examination according to the original protocol showed a bone loss exceeding 4 mm . Of the 84 implants available for clinical examination , none showed a Plaque Index or sulcus bleeding index of 3 . The mean implant stability quotient was significantly higher for mesial-distal versus buccal-palatal measurements . CONCLUSION The implant survival was 95.1 % . The mean value of bone loss after 10 years was 1.07 mm . Peri-implantitis were noted at the 5-year follow-up for one patient with a previous history of periodontitis ; this patient did not attend the 10-year follow-up . This study shows that s and blasted and acid-etched implants offers predictable long-term results as support for full-arch maxillary prostheses AIM To determine the incidence of peri-implantitis in individuals with mucositis in a 5-year follow-up study . MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 212 partially edentulous individuals , rehabilitated with dental implants , underwent periodontal and peri-implant clinical examinations in 2005 ( baseline ) . Five years later , 80 individuals who had been diagnosed with mucositis in the baseline examination were re-examined . These individuals were divided into two groups : one group with preventive maintenance during the study period ( GTP ; n = 39 ) , and another group without preventive maintenance ( GNTP ; n = 41 ) . The following parameters were clinical ly evaluated : plaque index , bleeding on periodontal and peri-implant probing , periodontal and peri-implant probing depth , suppuration and peri-implant bone loss . The influence of biological and behavioural risk variables associated with the occurrence of peri-implantitis was analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses . RESULTS The incidence of peri-implantitis in the global sample was 31.2 % ( GNTP = 43.9 % and GTP = 18.0 % ) . CONCLUSION The absence of preventive maintenance in individuals with pre-existing peri-implant mucositis was associated with a high incidence of peri-implantitis . Clinical parameters , such as bleeding on peri-implant probing , periodontal probing depth and the presence of periodontitis were associated with a higher risk of developing peri-implantitis Eighty-two patients were treated in a split mouth design with coronal scaling ( CS ) , root planing ( RP ) , modified Widman surgery ( MW ) , and flap with osseous surgery ( FO ) which were r and omly assigned to the various quadrants in the dentition . Following phase I and phase II therapy , the patients received supportive periodontal treatment ( SPT ) at 3-month intervals for up to 7 years . Clinical attachment level ( CAL ) was determined initially , post-phase I , post-phase II and prior to each SPT appointment . If a site lost > or = 3 mm of CAL from its baseline , it was classified as a breakdown site . Baselines were the initial exam for sites treated by CS and 10 weeks post-phase II for sites treated by RP , MW , and FO . Data were grouped by probing depth ( PD ) severity at the initial exam and at post-phase II . The breakdown for CS sites was assessed separately from RP , MW , and FO sites because of different baselines and retreatment protocol s. Sites treated by CS had a higher incidence of breakdown than the other therapies through year 1 of SPT . The breakdown incidences/year for RP and MW sites were similar and greater than for FO sites in 1 to 4 mm and 5 to 6 mm PD categories . Breakdown incidence of RP sites was greater than MW sites which was greater than FO sites initially > or = 7 mm . Differences in incidence of breakdown between therapies after recategorizing data by post-phase II PD were the same as above , except no difference was present between RP and MW sites > or = 7 mm . Breakdown incidences were greater in increasing PD severities regardless of when they were categorized . There was no further loss of CAL one year after retreatment in 88 % of sites . Patients with higher breakdown incidences tended to be smokers at the initial exam OBJECTIVES To evaluate clinical ly and radiographically immediate implants 5 years after insertion and to compare them with delayed-placed implants in the same subjects . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two consecutive patients that needed at least two implants for replacing hopeless teeth , one immediately upon extraction and the other in a delayed fashion ( at least 4 months post- extraction ) were selected in this prospect i ve cohort study . Post- extraction immediate implants ( II ) and delayed implants ( DI ) groups were defined . One and 5 years after implant loading , clinical and radiographical outcome variables were recorded and analysed both at site and at implant level . Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were performed . RESULTS The intergroup comparison did not show significant differences for plaque index , bleeding on probing and suppuration . These parameters worsen in both groups along the study . This trend was stronger for the plaque index in the group II , which increased from 15.6 % at 1 year to 25.9 % at 5 years ( P < 0.04 ) . One year after loading , the sites with probing depth ≥5 mm were higher for the group II compared to DI ( 2.5 % vs. 0 % ; P = 0.049 ) . At the end of the study , no significant statistical differences were found . Radiographically , bone crestal changes did not yield significant differences . During the follow-up period , 25 % of the implants ( 26.4 % in group II and 23.5 % in DI ) showed biological complications : mucositis ( 20 % ) and /or periimplantitis ( 5.8 % ) . No differences between groups were found . CONCLUSIONS Within the same patients , the implants placed with the immediate protocol demonstrated a higher tendency to crestal bone loss and to peri-implantitis , although these 
    Output:
    
Overall , regular diagnosis and implementation of anti-infective therapeutic protocol s were effective in the management of biological complications and prevention of implant loss .
Residual probing depths at the end of active periodontal therapy and development of reinfection during supportive periodontal therapy ( SPT ) represented a significant risk for the onset of peri-implantitis and implant loss .
Comparative studies indicated that implant survival and success rates were lower in periodontally compromised vs noncompromised patients .