***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE This r and omized , double-blind study was design ed to determine whether the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole could prevent relapse among patients with healed erosive reflux esophagitis that had been resistant to healing with at least 3 months of H2-receptor antagonist therapy .  RESULTS By the end of the year , 13 % of placebo patients remained healed compared with 67 % of lansoprazole 15 mg and 55 % of lansoprazole 30 mg patients ( p < 0.001 for time to first relapse ) . All  placebo patients were symptomatic by the end of the study whereas only one-third of the  lansoprazole patients was symptomatic at the end of the 12-month study period . The two lansoprazole doses were comparably effective in maintaining healing and in symptom control and were well tolerated . Fasting serum gastrin values increased significantly to about 1.5 - 2 times the baseline values over the first 2 months of lansoprazole treatment ; no further increase was noted . CONCLUSION Erosive relapse can be prevented in most patients for up to 1 yr with lansoprazole 15 mg or 30 mg once daily This study determined the optimal maintenance dose of omeprazole in reflux oesophagitis . One hundred and ninety three patients rendered asymptomatic and healed after four or eight weeks omeprazole  were r and omised double blind to 10 mg omeprazole once daily ( n = 60 evaluable ) , 20 mg omeprazole once daily ( n = 68 ) , or placebo ( n = 62 ) for one year or until symptomatic relapse . Each omeprazole regimen was superior to placebo in preventing both symptomatic relapse ( life table analysis , p < 0.001 ) and endoscopically verified relapse ( p < 0.001 ) . At 12 months , the life table endoscopic remission rates ( proportions of patients without grade > or = 2 oesophagitis ) were : 50 % ( 95 % confidence intervals 34 to 66 % ) with 10 mg omeprazole once daily , 74 % ( 62 to 86 % ) with 20 mg omeprazole once daily , and 14 % ( 2 to 26 % ) with placebo . At 12 months , the life table symptomatic remission rates ( proportions of patients asymptomatic or with mild symptoms ) were : 77 % ( 64 to 89 % ) with 10 mg omeprazole once daily , 83 % ( 73 to 93 % ) with 20 mg omeprazole once daily , and 34 % ( 16 to 52 % ) with placebo . Both 10 mg and 20 mg omeprazole once daily were effective in prolonging the remission of reflux oesophagitis : 10 mg may be appropriate to start longterm treatment , though the existence of a dose response relation means that 20 mg once daily may be effective in patients for whom 10 mg once daily is suboptimal Suppression of acid secretion with omeprazole is highly effective for the healing of  oesophagitis . The aims of the present study were to determine whether recovery of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with stricture improves dysphagia and decreases the dilatation need and to compare the efficacy of omeprazole versus H2-receptor antagonists .  Thirty-eight patients with peptic stricture ( grade IV oesophagitis ) and erosive oesophagitis underwent endoscopic dilatation  and were r and omized to omeprazole ( 40 mg daily ; n = 20 ) versus ranitidine ( 150 mg twice daily ; n = 18 ) . Healing was proven endoscopically and patients were interviewed for dysphagia relief . Patients were assessed for relapse by endoscopy 6 months later . The follow-up period was a further 6 months . Patients received maintenance treatment with 40 mg omeprazole daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily and the total duration of treatment was 1 year . At 6 months , omeprazole produced a highly significant ( P < 0.0001 ) greater rate of oesophagitis healing and highly significant ( P < 0.0001 ) fewer dilatations compared with H2-receptor antagonists ( 18 ( 90 % ) patients vs five ( 28 % ) patients , respectively ; 3.5 vs 9.0 dilatations/patient ) . At 12 months , not one of the 18 successfully treated patients from the omeprazole group had relapsed . The two remaining patients required further dilatation and 40 and 60 mg omeprazole daily for healing . In comparison , all patients on ranitidine had to undergo further bougienage . In conclusion , omeprazole is a safe and effective maintenance treatment for preventing relapse of complicated reflux oesophagitis Altogether , 138 patients were included in a study aim ed at evaluating the effect of cisapride on healing and relapse of oesophagitis  shown endoscopically . In the first phase of the study cisapride was given in an open fashion at 10 mg four times a day for 8 to 16 weeks , and healing was obtained in 69 % of patients . Healing occurred later in patients with grade s II to IV oesophagitis . The total score for reflux symptoms decreased by 67 % . Eighty of the healed patients were included in the second phase . They were r and omly assigned to double blind treatment with either cisapride 10 mg ( n = 37 ) or placebo ( n = 43 ) twice a day . Control endoscopy was performed when symptoms recurred or at the end of the six month trial . The cumulative percentage of patients in remission was higher ( p = 0.06 , survival analysis ) in the cisapride group than in the placebo group , the relapse rates being 20 % and 39 % . The duration of remission tended to be longer in patients with a lower initial degree of oesophagitis . Adverse effects were no more frequent with cisapride than with placebo . In conclusion , cisapride is efficacious in healing oesophagitis , and , unlike other gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs or low dose cimetidine ( 400 - 800 mg daily ) or ranitidine ( 150 mg daily ) , it may prevent relapse of oesophagitis Aims —To investigate the efficacy of daily maintenance treatment with omeprazole 10 mg in reducing the relapse rate of healed erosive oesophagitis . Methods —Three hundred patients with erosive oesophagitis ( grade 2 or greater ) received omeprazole 20 mg daily for 12 weeks , followed by 40 mg daily for a further 12 weeks if required . After healing , patients were r and omised to double blind treatment with omeprazole 10 mg daily or placebo for up to 18 months . On relapse the treatment cycle was repeated . Results —The cumulative healing rate at 12 weeks in the initial healing period was 95 % , and 96 % and 98 % on rehealing courses after relapse in the first and second maintenance periods respectively . After 12 weeks of treatment , 98 % of patients were free from heartburn and 97 % were free of all reflux related symptoms . Relapse in the subgroup of patients who relapsed in both maintenance periods was infrequent on omeprazole 20 mg daily : only 9 % at two years . Gastrin concentrations rose above normal in one third of patients . One patient had linear hyperplasia of endocrine cells and another had micronodular hyperplasia . There were no side effects definitely attributable to omeprazole . Conclusion —Maintenance treatment with omeprazole 10 mg daily keeps about 60 % of patients with erosive oesophagitis in prolonged remission . Patients relapsing once are likely to do so again ; they can subsequently be treated effectively with omeprazole 20 mg daily BACKGROUND / AIMS Patients with reflux esophagitis have rapid relapses after treatment withdrawal . This study was design ed to investigate the relapse rate of symptomatic esophagitis during maintenance treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine . METHODS Patients with endoscopically verified acute erosive or ulcerative esophagitis were initially treated with 20 - 40 mg omeprazole daily for 8 - 12 weeks . After healing , the patients were r and omized to maintenance treatment with omeprazole ( 20 or 10 mg each morning ) or ranitidine ( 150 mg twice daily ) . Control endoscopy was performed at the end of the healing phase and after 12 months of maintenance treatment or symptomatic relapse . RESULTS Of 426 initially treated patients , 392 were healed and entered the maintenance study . The months of maintenance treatment with 20 mg omeprazole once daily ( n = 131 ) , 10 mg omeprazole once daily ( n = 133 ) , and 150 mg ranitidine twice daily ( n = 128 ) were 72 % , 62 % , and 45 % , respectively . Both the 10- and 20-mg doses of omeprazole were significantly better than the dose of ranitidine ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.005 , respectively ) . There was no significant difference between the 10- and 20-mg doses of omeprazole ( P = 0.06 ) . CONCLUSIONS Maintenance treatment with omeprazole ( 20 or 10 mg once daily ) is superior to ranitidine ( 150 mg twice daily ) in keeping patients with erosive reflux esophagitis in remission over a 12-month period Objectives : To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole with ranitidine for the maintenance of endoscopically documented healed ( grade 0 or 1 ) erosive oesophagitis Twenty patients with reflux oesophagitis were recruited into a r and omized , single (investigator)-blind , two-part crossover study of controlled-release metoclopramide ( ' Gastrobid Continus ' tablets ) 15 mg given twice daily , and normal-release metoclopramide ( ' Maxolon ' ) , 10 mg given 4-times daily . Both treatment regimens were efficacious in reducing the severity of heartburn , the incidence of waking at night due to pain from heartburn and the severity of gastro-intestinal symptoms . The incidence of volunteered and sought side-effects/symptoms was similar on both treatments . More patients preferred the controlled-release than the normal-release formulation . It is concluded that 15 mg controlled-release metoclopramide twice daily and 10 mg normal-release metoclopramide 4-times daily are equally effective and well-tolerated treatment regimens , but that the controlled-release formulation has the advantage of a smaller dose and twice daily administration Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) is a chronic condition , with 50–80 % of patients experiencing recurrence within one year of completing initial treatment . In patients with erosive GERD , proton-pump inhibitors ( PPI ) provide faster healing and symptom relief than do H2-receptor antagonists and have become the treatment of choice . Rabeprazole is a new PPI with demonstrated efficacy in both the acute and maintenance treatment of erosive GERD . The primary objective was to compare efficacy and tolerability of rabeprazole and omeprazole in preventing relapse of healed erosive GERD . Secondary objectives included comparison of efficacy in preventing GERD relapse symptoms and in maintaining quality of life . In this multicenter , double-blind , parallel-group study , 243 patients with healed erosive GERD were r and omised to receive rabeprazole 10 mg once daily in the morning ( QAM ) ( N = 82 ) ; rabeprazole 20 mg QAM ( N = 78 ) ; or omeprazole 20 mg QAM ( N = 83 ) . Endoscopies were performed at weeks 13 , 26 , 39 ( if clinical ly indicated ) , and 52 , or when symptoms suggested recurrence . Corpus biopsies were performed at each endoscopy , and antral biopsies were performed at study entry and exit . Rabeprazole 10 mg and 20 mg QAM were equivalent to omeprazole 20 mg QAM for all efficacy parameters . At week 52 , relapse rates in the intent-to-treat population s were 5 % , 4 % , and 5 % for rabeprazole 10 mg and 20 mg and omeprazole 20 mg , respectively . All treatments were well tolerated . In conclusion , both rabeprazole 10 mg and 20 mg QAM are equivalent to omeprazole 20 mg QAM in preventing recurrence of erosive GERD OBJECTIVE : Patients with reflux esophagitis suffer from a chronic condition that may cause considerable discomfort because of recurrent symptoms and diminished quality of life . This study was design ed to evaluate acute and long-term treatment comparing st and ard doses of omeprazole and high-dose ranitidine . METHODS : Patients with endoscopically verified symptomatic esophagitis grade I or II were initially treated with omeprazole 20 mg daily or ranitidine 300 mg twice daily for 4–8 wk . Patients 
    Output:
    
However overall adverse effects were also more common and headaches were more common when comparing healing PPIs to H2RAs .
Overall adverse effects were more common .
H2RAs were of marginal help but beneficial for symptomatic relief .
Prokinetics and sucralfate were also more effective than placebo .
The findings in this review support the long-term treatment of oesophagitis to prevent relapse , both endoscopically and symptomatically .
Healing doses of PPIs are more effective than all other therapies , although there is an increase in overall adverse effects compared to placebo , and headache occurrence compared to H2RAs .
H2RAs prevent relapse more effectively than placebo , demonstrating a role for PPI-intolerant patients .
Prokinetics and sucralfate both show benefit over placebo , but the former is no longer licenced .