***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: ABSTRACT This was a double-blind , multicenter study in which 410 adults ( ≥18 years of age ) with uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections ( SSTIs ) were r and omized to receive either 400 mg of gatifloxacin orally once daily or 500 mg of levofloxacin orally once daily for 7 to 10 days . The study protocol called for four assessment s — before and during treatment , at the end of treatment , and posttreatment . Efficacy evaluations included clinical response and bacterial eradication rates . Of 407 treated patients , 202 ( 108 women , 94 men ) received gatifloxacin  and 205 ( 111 women , 94 men ) received levofloxacin . For clinical ly evaluable patients , the cure rates were 91 % for gatifloxacin and 84 % for levofloxacin ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] for the difference , −2.0 to 15.2 % ) . Clinical cure rates for microbiologically evaluable patients were 93 % for gatifloxacin and 88 % for levofloxacin ( 95 % CI for the difference , −6.5 to 16.8 % ) . The bacterial eradication rate was 92 % for each group , with gatifloxacin eradicating 93 % of the methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates and levofloxacin eradicating 91 % of them . Both drugs were well tolerated . Most of the adverse events were mild to moderate , and nausea was the most common adverse event in each treatment arm . Once-daily oral gatifloxacin ( 400 mg ) is clinical ly efficacious and well tolerated compared with once-daily levofloxacin ( 500 mg ) for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated SSTIs BACKGROUND Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are commonly observed in medical practice . Because these infections typically are confined to the superficial layers and seldom lead to the destruction of skin structures and result ant systemic dissemination , in general they can be treated with an oral antibiotic with potent microbiologic activity against gram-positive pathogens . OBJECTIVE This paper compares the efficacy and tolerability of 3 beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections . METHODS Two double-blind , multicenter , parallel-group studies were conducted , in which patients aged > or = 12 years with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections were r and omized to receive cefditoren 200 or 400 mg , cefuroxime 250 mg , or cefadroxil 500 mg , each BID for 10 days . Study 1 compared cefditoren with cefuroxime ; Study 2 compared cefditoren with cefadroxil .  Clinical and microbiologic responses were assessed at a posttreatment visit ( within 48 hours of treatment completion ) and test-of-cure visit ( 7 - 14 days after treatment completion ) . Patients were monitored closely throughout the study with the use of physical examinations , clinical laboratory tests , and assessment of adverse events . RESULTS A total of 1,685 patients ( 855 males , 830 females ; mean age , 41.1 years [ range , 12 - 95 years ] ) were enrolled . Within both studies , the 3 treatment groups were similar at baseline based on demographic characteristics and types of infection . Cellulitis ( 26 % ) , wound infection ( 25 % ) , and simple abscess ( 15 % ) were the most common infections . Clinical cure rates at the test-of-cure visit were 85 % ( 443/523 ) for cefditoren 200 mg , 83 % ( 427/516 ) for cefditoren 400 mg , 88 % ( 234/265 ) for cefuroxime , and 85 % ( 211/248 ) for cefadroxil . At the test-of-cure visit , cefditoren 200 mg had eradicated significantly fewer of the causative pathogens isolated before treatment in microbiologically evaluable patients than did cefuroxime in Study 1 ( P = 0.043 ) but significantly more of the pathogens than did cefadroxil in Study 2 ( P = 0.018 ) . Eradication rates for the most commonly isolated pathogens were generally similar in the 3 treatment groups in both studies , with the only significant difference favoring cefditoren 200 and 400 mg over cefadroxil for Peptostreptococcus species in Study 2 ( P = 0.016 and P = 0.003 , respectively ) . A minority of patients ( < or = 5 % in any treatment group ) discontinued study -drug treatment prematurely due to a treatment-related adverse event , with statistically higher rates for cefditoren 400 mg than for cefditoren 200 mg and the comparator cephalosporins ( each P < 0.05 ) . All 3 cephalosporins were generally well tolerated . Most adverse events ( > 93 % ) were categorized as mild to moderate , with the most common being diarrhea , nausea , and headache . CONCLUSION In this population of patients with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections , including those due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes , the clinical cure rate and tolerability of cefditoren were comparable to those of cefuroxime and cefadroxil IMPORTANCE Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections ( ABSSSIs ) , including cellulitis or erysipelas , major cutaneous abscesses , and wound infections , can be life-threatening and may require surgery and hospitalization . Increasingly , ABSSSIs are associated with drug-resistant pathogens , and many antimicrobial agents have adverse effects restricting their use . Tedizolid phosphate is a novel oxazolidinone in development for the treatment of ABSSSIs . OBJECTIVES To establish the noninferiority of tedizolid phosphate vs linezolid in treating ABSSSIs and compare the safety of the 2 agents . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS The Efficacy and Safety of 6-day Oral Tedizolid in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections vs 10-day Oral Linezolid Therapy ( ESTABLISH-1 ) was a phase 3 , r and omized , double-blind , noninferiority trial that was conducted from August 2010 through September 2011 at 81 study centers in North America , Latin America , and Europe . The intent-to-treat analysis set consisted of data from 667 adults aged 18 years or older with ABSSSIs treated with tedizolid phosphate ( n = 332 ) or linezolid ( n = 335 ) . INTERVENTIONS A 200 mg once daily dose of oral tedizolid phosphate for 6 days or 600 mg of oral linezolid every 12 hours for 10 days . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy outcome was early clinical response at the 48- to 72-hour assessment ( no increase in lesion surface area from baseline and oral temperature of ≤37.6 ° C , confirmed by a second temperature measurement within 24 hours ) . A 10 % noninferiority margin was predefined . RESULTS In the intent-to-treat analysis set , the early clinical treatment response rates were 79.5 % ( 95 % CI , 74.8 % to 83.7 % ) of 332 patients in the tedizolid phosphate group and 79.4 % ( 95 % CI , 74.7 % to 83.6 % ) of 335 patients in the linezolid group ( a treatment difference of 0.1 % [ 95 % CI , -6.1 % to 6.2 % ] ) . The sustained clinical treatment response rates at the end of treatment ( day 11 ) were 69.3 % ( 95 % CI , 64.0 % to 74.2 % ) in the tedizolid phosphate group and 71.9 % ( 95 % CI , 66.8 % to 76.7 % ) in the linezolid group ( a treatment difference of -2.6 % [ 95 % CI , -9.6 % to 4.2 % ] ) . Results of investigator-assessed clinical treatment success rates at a posttherapy evaluation visit ( 1 - 2 weeks after the end-of-treatment visit ) were 85.5 % ( 95 % CI , 81.3 % to 89.1 % ) in the tedizolid phosphate group and 86.0 % ( 95 % CI , 81.8 % to 89.5 % ) in the linezolid group ( a treatment difference of -0.5 % [ 95 % CI , -5.8 % to 4.9 % ) , and were similar for 178 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the primary lesion . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Tedizolid phosphate was a statistically noninferior treatment to linezolid in early clinical response at 48 to 72 hours after initiating therapy for an ABSSSI . Tedizolid phosphate may be a reasonable alternative to linezolid for treating ABSSSI . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT01170221 Background Treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection ( cSSSI ) places a tremendous burden on the health care system . Underst and ing relative re source utilization associated with different antimicrobials is important for decision making by patients , health care providers , and payers . Methods The authors conducted an open-label , pragmatic , r and omized ( 1:1 ) clinical study ( N = 250 ) to compare the effectiveness of daptomycin with that of vancomycin for treatment of patients hospitalized with cSSSI caused by suspected or documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection . The primary study end point was infection-related length of stay ( IRLOS ) . Secondary end points included health care re source utilization , cost , clinical response , and patient-reported outcomes . Patient assessment s were performed daily until the end of antibiotic therapy or until hospital discharge , and at 14 days and 30 days after discharge . Results No difference was found for IRLOS , total LOS , and total inpatient cost between cohorts . Hospital LOS contributed 85.9 % to the total hospitalization cost , compared with 6.4 % for drug costs . Daptomycin showed a nonsignificant trend toward a higher clinical success rate , compared with vancomycin , at treatment days 2 and 3 . In the multivariate analyses , vancomycin was associated with a lower likelihood of day 2 clinical success ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.498 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.249–0.997 ; P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion This study did not provide conclusive evidence of the superiority of one treatment over the other in terms of clinical , economic , or patient outcomes . The data suggest that physician and patient preference , rather than drug acquisition cost , should be the primary driver of initial antibiotic selection for hospitalized patients with cSSSI.Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov : NCT01419184 ( Date : August 16 , 2011 A formulation of 3.0 g of ticarcillin and 0.1 g of clavulanic acid was evaluated in the treatment of  skin and soft tissue infections  , and its efficacy was compared with that of moxalactam in a r and omized open study . Thirty-three patients received 3.1 g of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid every six hours via intravenous infusion , and 36 patients received 2.0 g of moxalactam every eight hours via intravenous infusion . Diagnostic categories included intramuscular abscesses , cellulitis , skin ulcers , gangrene , and perirectal abscesses . The average age of the patients and the duration of therapy were similar in both groups . Overall , 45 aerobic and 25 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated patients ; 58 aerobic and 24 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the moxalactam-treated patients . Thirty of 33 patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated group had a satisfactory response ; a skin rash developed in one patient ; therapy failed in one patient with Staphylococcus aureus infection ; and one patient died as a result of a bleeding peptic ulcer . In the moxalactam-treated group , 32 of 36 patients had a satisfactory response ; a skin rash developed in one patient ; therapy failed in a patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection ; and two patients were unevaluable . Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid as a single agent was found to be as effective as moxalactam in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections BACKGROUND A r and omized , double-blind , multicenter trial was done to compare two doses of delafloxacin with tigecycline in patients with various complicated skin and skin-structure infe 
    Output:
    
Overall , no evidence was found to support the superiority of any 1 antibiotic over another , and antibiotics with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus did not add an advantage .
Use of intravenous antibiotics over oral antibiotics and treatment duration of longer than 5 days were not supported by evidence .