***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The efficacy and differential effects of specialized ( S ) and traditional ( T ) AIDS education programs on cognitive , behavioral , and psychological outcomes were investigated . The sample consisted of 858 impoverished African-American and Latina women ( S = 448 , T = 410 ) . At baseline , women in the traditional group reported significantly higher distress , greater knowledge of AIDS , and less problem-focused coping . Significant improvements over the 2-week intervention interval were found for participants of both AIDS education programs for appraisal of threat , concerns , knowledge , and attitudes about AIDS , emotion-focused coping , number of sexual partners , IV and non-IV drug use , depression , and distress . However , multivariate analysis indicated that the traditional group had slightly better posttest scores on concerns , emotion-focused coping , knowledge of AIDS , and number of partners than the specialized group . The specialized group reported greater use of problem-focused coping . These differences do not detract from the substantial improvement found for both groups , but they do reinforce the conclusion that the specialized program was not more effective than its st and ard counterpart BACKGROUND The spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection to impaired groups has intensified the challenge for its prevention ; control of the epidemic now requires behavioral change among persons with limited ability to sustain attention and learn . In this r and omized clinical trial , we tested an intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors among homeless men with severe mental illness . METHODS Men were recruited from a psychiatric program in a homeless shelter . Of 116 eligible men , 97 ( 83.6 % ) participated . Most were African American and had a chronic psychotic disorder and a comorbid substance use disorder . Participants were assigned to a 15-session experimental group intervention or to a 2-session control intervention and observed for 18 months . The 59 participants sexually active before the trial were the main target of the intervention . Sexual risk behavior was the primary outcome . RESULTS Among the 59 sexually active men , follow-up data were obtained on 59 ( 100 % ) for the initial 6-month follow-up and on 56 ( 95 % ) for the remainder of the 18-month follow-up . The mean score on a sexual risk index for the experimental group was 3 times lower than for the control group ( 1.0 vs 3.1 ; P=.01 ) during the initial 6-month follow-up and 2 times lower during the remainder of the 18-month follow-up . CONCLUSIONS This intervention successfully reduced sexual risk behaviors of homeless men with mental illness . The effect diminished over 18 months but did not disappear . Similar approaches may be effective in other impaired high-risk groups This research examined the impact of including a supportive person on the outcomes of two culturally sensitive AIDS education programs , an education-only ( traditional ) program and a program combining education with self-esteem and coping enhancement ( specialized ) . Research participants in this quasi-experimental study included 241 homeless women , who were r and omly assigned by residence ( drug treatment program or shelter ) to one of four treatment groups . The outcomes measured at baseline , 6 , and 12 months were risk behaviors , cognitive factors , and psychological functioning . Study results demonstrated significant improvements at both 6 and 12 months for the entire sample in all psychological , behavioral and cognitive outcome variables except active coping . Women in the specialized program improved more on AIDS knowledge and reduction in non-injection drug use than did those in the traditional program , but their active coping scores declined . Participation of a supportive person did not appear to have any effect on outcome We assessed changes in cognitive , psychological , and risky behavior latent variables after traditional or specialized AIDS education after 2 years using structural equation modeling ( SEM ) in a sample of impoverished at-risk African American women ( N = 300 ) . Both groups reported significant improvement at 2 years in their self-esteem and social re sources . They also reported less threat perception , avoidant coping , emotional disturbance , HIV risk behavior , and drug use behavior . There was an advantage to specialized group membership . When compared with the traditional group at 2 years , women in the specialized group reported enhanced social re sources , reduced emotional distress , less use of an avoidant coping style , and less drug use . We discuss advantages of culturally sensitive HIV risk reduction programs and the importance of connecting women with social services in their communities 
    Output:
    
Interventions which seek to effect attitudinal and behavioural change through interactive methods such as role-play , video games and group work led to a self-reported reduction in both risk from drugs and sexual activity .
The evidence for maintenance of risk reduction over one year remains unclear .
Interventions do not appear to promote risky sexual activity in previously sexually inactive participants