***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to identify educational content and techniques that lead to successful patient self-management and improved outcomes in congestive heart failure education programs . METHODS MEDLINE , CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , as well as reference lists of included studies and relevant review s , were search ed . Eligible studies were r and omised controlled trials evaluating congestive heart failure self-management education programs with outcome measures . Two of the investigators independently abstract ed descriptive information , education content topics and outcomes data . RESULTS A total of 7413 patients participated in the 35 eligible congestive heart failure self-management education studies . The congestive heart failure self-management programs incorporated 20 education topics in four categories : ( i ) knowledge and self-management ( diagnosis and prognosis , pathophysiology of how congestive heart failure affects the body , aims of treatment , management and symptoms , medication review and discussion of side-effects , knowing when to access/call the general practitioner , communication with the physician , follow up for assessment or reinforcement ) ; ( ii )  social interaction and support ( social interaction and support , stress , depression ) ; ( iii )  fluids management  ( sodium restriction , fluid balance , daily measurement of weight , ankle circumference , self-monitoring and compliance relative to fluids ) ; and ( iv )  diet and activity  (  dietary assessment and instructions  , physical activity and  exercise  , alcohol intake , smoking cessation ) . A total of 113 unique outcomes in nine categories ( satisfaction , learning , behaviour , medications , clinical status , social functioning , mortality , medical re source utilisation and cost ) were measured in the studies . Sixty ( 53 % ) of the outcomes showed significant improvement in at least one study . CONCLUSION Educational interventions should be based on scientifically sound research evidence . The education topic list developed in this review can be used by patients and clinicians to prioritise and personalise education AIM This paper is a report of a study to explore the views , concerns and experiences of doctors ' assistants of case management for patients with chronic heart failure , while experiencing the new role of being a  case manager within the Heidelberg Integrated Case Management trial . BACKGROUND Case management is being investigated as part of a r and omised controlled trial aim ing to improve care for patients with chronic systolic heart failure . In a complex , multifaceted intervention , trained doctors ' assistants ( equivalent to a nursing role ) adopted new tasks using st and ardised case management involving telephone monitoring , home visits and diagnostic screening . METHOD In April 2007 , 3 months after implementation of the intervention programme , 27 doctors ' assistants participated in four focus group interviews discussing their views on , and experiences of , case management . Thematic analysis of the data was undertaken . FINDINGS Participants believed that the most positive factors in case management were about interaction with patients , including opportunities for identifying disease and psychosocial problems . However , barriers included lack of time allocated to perform case management in addition to their normal role and poor cooperation within the practice team . According to the doctors ' assistants , the routine implementation of case management was acceptable , feasible and effective in improving the management of patients with chronic systolic heart failure .  CONCLUSION Case management enhanced the role of doctors ' assistants , leading to increased awareness of the perspective of patients with chronic disease . In the wider international primary care practice nursing context , the orchestrated delegation of tasks using specific case management may be a promising strategy for improving the quality of care of chronically ill patients and enabling patient self-management 
    Output:
    
This synthesis showed that case management  provides positive quality of care for patients , increases perceived access to services and creates more time to ask questions and develop trusted relationships .
For health professionals , case management enhanced care by improved relationships with both patients and colleagues although concerns remained around re sources , training and inter-professional conflict .
This synthesis emphasizes the importance of the quality of being cared for as a patient and caring as a health professional .
Case management enhances communication between patients and health professionals , supports patient self-care and self-management and can be an important contributing factor in reducing unplanned admissions for patients with heart failure