***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objectives In a double-blinded r and omized controlled clinical trial , the impact of face-bow registration for remounting complete dentures ( CDs ) on the occlusal parameters ( part I ) was evaluated . Material s and methods New CDs of 32 patients  were duplicated and mounted after intraoral pin registration according to mean setting s ( group 1 ) and ( group 2 ) using a face-bow ( arbitrary hinge axis ) . The vertical dimension was reduced to the first occlusal contact point , and a bite record was fabricated in the articulator . The number of contacts and the number of teeth in contact were evaluated by a computer program ( laboratory result ) . After r and omization , half of the CDs were adjusted according to protocol of group 1 and group 2 and delivered to the patients . After 3 days ( T1 ) and 84 days ( T2 ) , clinical static contact points and teeth in contact were counted . Contact points and teeth in contact of both groups ( laboratory results ) and at different moments ( clinical results ) were analyzed statistically with the F test and bootstrapping . Results Laboratory : No. 2 ( face-bow ) showed more occlusal contact points than no. 1 ( mean setting ) , p > 0.05 . The number of teeth with at least one occlusal contact was significantly higher in no. 2 ( p = 0.027 ) . Clinic : The mean number of teeth with at least one clinical contact point was significantly higher in no. 1 ( no. 1 = 7.13 , no. 2 = 5.31 ; p = 0.042 ) . Extent of the vertical shift poorly correlated with number of laboratory occlusal contact points ( R2 = 0.017 ) . Conclusions Considering the complex multistep study design , a limited number of participants , and referring to one specific arbitrary face-bow , the following conclusion could be drawn : no substantial difference by the use of the arbitrary face-bow compared to a mean setting could be determined , when changing the vertical dimension in the articulator within a remounting procedure of complete dentures . Clinical relevance Further research is necessary to determine the effects of different arbitrary face-bows on the fabrication and adaptation of removable dentures BACKGROUND Complex procedures involving a facebow transfer and the use of lingualised teeth are deemed to have a positive influence on the chewing ability with complete dentures . OBJECTIVES To determine if patients ' ratings of their ability to chew depend on the method of complete denture fabrication . METHODS Edentulous patients ( n = 20 ) participated in a within-subject crossover trial . Each patient received two sets of new complete dentures . One pair was manufactured based on intraoral tracing of centric relation and facebow transfer ; semi-anatomical teeth with lingualised occlusion denture ( LOD ) were chosen . The second pair was made using a simplified procedure without facebow transfer ; jaw relations were recorded with wax occlusion rims , and anatomical teeth with a first premolar/canine-guidance ( CGD ) were selected . The dentures were delivered in r and omised order , and each was worn for 3 months . Three months after delivery , patients ' ratings of each new prosthesis were recorded on visual analogue scales for their ability to chew seven index foods . Repeated measurements analysis of variance was performed to investigate possible carry-over effects accounting for confounding by treatment period . RESULTS When comparing the two treatments , participants rated their ability to chew in general , to masticate carrots , hard sausage , steak and raw apple in particular , was significantly better with the CGD ( anatomical teeth ) than with the LOD ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Comprehensive methods for the fabrication of complete dentures including semi-anatomical lingualised teeth and a full registration do not seem to influence the perceived chewing ability , when compared with more simple procedures . Chewing ability for tough foods appears to benefit from the use of anatomical teeth OBJECTIVES To compare subjective and objective outcomes of complete dentures fabricated with st and ard clinical protocol s , but omitted selected steps during the laboratory phase . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-three edentulous patients ( mean age 58.1 years , SD 9.9 , range 35 - 78 ) , were consecutively recruited and r and omly assigned to one of four groups according to selected variations of laboratory steps : Group 1 ( n=10 ) , omission of secondary casts obtained from impressions in border moulded custom trays ; Group 2 ( n=10 ) , omission of secondary casts and face-bow articulator mounting ; Group 3 ( n=10 ) , omission of face-bow mounting ; Group 4 ( n=13 ) , no steps omitted ( control ) . Clinical procedures for all groups were identical , and performed by senior dental students under supervision of prosthodontists , all of whom were blinded to the Group . At 1- , 4- and 12-weeks after delivery , patients rated their overall satisfaction , as well as a range of functional factors using visual analogue scales . An independent blinded prosthodontist similarly rated four domains of denture quality at the 1-week follow-up . RESULTS No significant differences were noted among the groups in all aspects of patients ' assessment s at all the time points ( P>0.1 ) . There were no significant differences in prosthodontists ' ratings of denture quality in any of the domains examined ( P>0.1 ) . CONCLUSION Selected omissions of steps ( face-bow mounting and /or secondary casts ) during the laboratory phase of complete denture fabrication has only a minor role , if any , in subjective and objective outcomes , contrasting with the common belief that such omissions will adversely affect outcomes . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE General practitioners provide most complete dentures . Many do not follow all the procedures they were taught at dental school . Our finding that omitting frequently advocated steps made no difference to patient satisfaction or to denture quality suggests that cost-effectiveness through simplifications be considered in practice and in education OBJECTIVES To compare a simplified method to a conventional protocol for complete denture fabrication regarding  masticatory performance and ability . METHODS A sample was formed by edentulous patients requesting treatment with maxillary and m and ibular complete dentures . Participants were r and omly divided into two groups : Group S , which received dentures fabricated by a simplified method , and Group C ( n=21 each ) , which received conventionally fabricated dentures . After three months following insertion , masticatory performance was evaluated by a colorimetric assay based on chewing two capsules as test food during twenty and forty cycles . Masticatory ability was assessed by a question naire with binary answers and a single question answered by means of a 0 - 10 scale . A third group ( DN ) formed by seventeen dentate volunteers served as an external comparator . Groups were compared by statistical tests suitable for data distribution ( α=0.05 ) . RESULTS Thirty-nine participants were assessed for three months ( twenty from Group C and nineteen from Group S ) . Groups C and S presented similar masticatory performance which corresponded to approximately 30 % of Group DN . Results for masticatory ability showed similarity between S and C , regardless of the assessment method , although an isolate question naire item showed more favourable results for the first group . CONCLUSIONS The simplified method for complete denture fabrication is able to restore masticatory function to a level comparable to a conventional protocol , both physiologically and according to patient 's perceptions . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although masticatory function is impaired by the loss of natural teeth and dentures can restore only a fraction of such function , patients can benefit from a simplified protocol for complete denture fabrication to the same extent they would by conventional techniques PURPOSE Conventional dentures will remain the only treatment available to most edentulous people for the foreseeable future . In this study , we compared the efficiency of two methods of making complete conventional dentures-the traditional academic st and ard ( T ) and a simplified technique ( S ) used in private practice . We have previously shown that they produce similar levels of patient satisfaction and denture quality . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Data were gathered during a r and omized controlled clinical trial of 122 subjects from initial examination until 6-month follow-up . For this report , the direct costs of providing one set of conventional complete dentures by T or S techniques were estimated . All material s used were recorded and their cost was calculated in Canadian dollars ( CAN$ ) . The costs of fabrication in an outside laboratory were added . Clinician 's labor time was recorded for every procedure . Between-group comparisons for each clinical procedure were carried out with independent t-tests . The number of patients in each group who needed postdelivery treatment was compared with Chi-square tests . The effect of group assignment and of treatment difficulty on outcomes was analyzed with multiple regression analysis . RESULTS The mean total cost of the T method was significantly greater than S ( CAN$166.3 ; p < 0.001 ) , and clinicians spent 90 minutes longer ( p < 0.001 ) on clinical care . The difficulty of the case had no significant influence on outcomes . CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the S method is the more cost-efficient method and that there are no negative consequences that detract from the cost savings OBJECTIVES To compare the quality of conventional complete dentures fabricated with two different techniques . A r and omized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare traditional ( T ) and simplified ( S ) methods of making complete conventional dentures on patients ' ratings of satisfaction , comfort and function at 3 and 6 months following delivery . The quality of the prostheses was rated by prosthodontists at 6 months . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred twenty-two male and female edentulous individuals , aged 45 - 75 years , were r and omly allocated into groups that received dentures made with either T or S methods . Following delivery , patients ' ratings of several denture-related factors were measured using 100 mm visual analogue scales , and denture quality was assessed by blinded prosthodontists using ratings on a vali date d quantitative scale . RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in patient ratings for overall satisfaction ( 3 months : mean T = 83 mm , mean S = 83 mm , P = 0.97 ; 6 months : mean T = 79 mm , mean S = 79 mm , P = 0.96 ) or in prosthodontists ' ratings of denture quality ( T = 66 , S = 63 ; P = 0.38 ) . CONCLUSION These results show that the quality of complete dentures does not suffer when manufacturing techniques are simplified to save time and material s. Dental educators should consider these findings when re- design ing prosthodontic training programs A Abbe flap \ăb # e flăp\ [ Robert Abbe , New York , N.Y. surgeon , 18511928 ] : eponym for a lip switch operation . A triangular , full thickness flap from the lower lip used to fill in a deficit in the upper lip . Specifically applied to the midportion of the upper or lower lip— called also lip switch operation Abbe , R. A new plastic operation for the relief of deformity due to double harelip . Med Rec 1898;53:477 . ab duct \ăb dŭkt#\ vt ( 1834 ) : to draw away from the median plane— comp ADDUCT ab er rant \ă-bĕr#ant\ adj ( ca . 1798)1 : a deviation from the normal or usual course , form , or location 2 : straying from the normal way ab frac tion \ăb frăk#shun\ n ( 1991 ) : the pathologic loss of hard tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces . Such loss is thought to be due to flexure and chemical fatigue degradation of enamel and /or dentin at some location distant from the actual point of loading — comp ABLATION , ABRASION , ATTRITION , and EROSION ab la tion \ă-bl a#shun\ n ( 15c ) 1 : separation or detachment ; extirpation ; eradication 2 : removal of a part , especially by cutting — see ABFRACTION , EROSION abrade \uh-br ad#\ vt ( 1677 ) : to rub away the external covering or layer of a part — comp ATTRITION , EROSION abra sion \ă-br a # shun\ n ( 1656 ) 1 : the wearing away of a substance or structure ( such as the skin or the teeth ) through some unusual or abnormal mechanical process 2 : an abnormal wearing away of the tooth substance by causes other than mastication — comp ATTRITION , EROSION abra sive \uh-br a # siv , -ziv\ n ( 1853 ) : a substance used for abrading , smoothing , or polishing abra sive \uh-br a # siv , -ziv\ adj ( 1875 ) 1 : tending to abrade 2 : causing irritation — abra sive ly adv , abra sive ness n ab ra si vity \uh-br a#siv-ı̆-t e , -ziv-ı̆-t e\ v ( 1998 ) : the property of one material to wear away another material by means of frictional contact absorbed dose \ab-sôrbd#,-zôrbd # d os\ : the amount of energy from ionizing radiation absorbed per unit mass of matter , expressed in Gray units ab sorp tance \ab-sôrp#tans , -zôrp#tans\ n ( ca . 1931 ) : the ratio of the radiant energy absorbed by a body to that incident upon it ab sorp tion \ab-sôrp#shun , -zôrp#-\ n ( 1741 ) 1 : the uptake of substances into or through tissues , e.g. , mucosa , skin , and intestine 2 : in radiology , the uptake of energy by matter with which the radiation interacts — see A. of RADIATION — comp ADSORPTION absorption of radiation \ab-sôrp#shun ŭv r a#d ea#shun\ : collisionlike interactions between the individual particulate or quantum components of a beam of radiation and the subatomic parts of matter that occur at r and om during irradiation . Each interaction may result in partial or complete transfer of energy abut ment \a-bŭt#ment\ 
    Output:
    
Conclusions : The use of facebow did not yield a superior fit or comfort of the complete dentures or occlusal splints .
Therefore , there is no evidence of the utility  facebow transfer for these prostheses .