***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Between 30 % and 50 % of women who have high‐ grade uterine leiomyosarcoma ( uLMS ) limited to the uterus at diagnosis remain progression‐free at 2 years . Adjuvant pelvic radiation does not improve outcome . The objective of the current study was to determine the 2‐year and 3‐year progression‐free survival ( PFS ) among a prospect i ve cohort of women who received adjuvant gemcitabine plus docetaxel followed by doxorubicin Background : Two strategies to interrogate the insulin growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF-1R ) pathway were investigated : vertical inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-2206 or ridaforolimus to potentiate PI3 K pathway targeting and horizontal cross-talk inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-0752 to exert effects against cellular proliferation , angiogenesis , and stem cell propagation . Methods : A phase I , multi-cohort dose escalation study was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumours . Patients received dalotuzumab ( 10 mg kg–1 ) and escalating doses of MK-2206 ( 90–200 mg ) or escalating doses of dalotuzumab ( 7.5–10 mg kg–1 ) and MK-0752 ( 1800 mg ) weekly . Upon maximum tolerated dose determination , patients with low-RAS signature , high-IGF1 expression ovarian cancer were r and omised to dalotuzumab/MK-2206 versus dalotuzumab/ridaforolimus , whereas patients with high IGF1/low IGF2 expression colorectal cancer received dalotuzumab/MK-0752 . Results : A total of 47 patients were enrolled : 29 in part A ( 18 in the dalotuzumab/MK-2206 arm and 11 in the dalotuzumab/MK-0752 arm ) and 18 in part B ( 6 in each arm ) . Dose-limiting toxicities ( DLTs ) for dalotuzumab/MK-2206 included grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 serum sickness-like reaction , maculopapular rash , and gastrointestinal inflammation . For dalotuzumab/MK-0752 , DLTs included grade 3 dehydration , rash , and diarrhoea . Seven patients remained on study for > 4 cycles . Conclusions : Dalotuzumab/MK-2206 and dalotuzumab/MK-0752 combinations were tolerable . Further developments of prospect ively vali date d predictive biomarkers to aid in patient selection for anti-IGF-1R therapies are needed BACKGROUND A non-r and omised , phase 2 study showed activity and tolerability of eribulin in advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma . In this phase 3 study , we aim ed to compare overall survival in patients with advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma who received eribulin with that in patients who received dacarbazine  ( an active control ) . METHODS We did this r and omised , open-label , phase 3 study across 110 study sites in 22 countries . We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with intermediate- grade or high- grade advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who had received at least two previous systemic regimens for advanced disease ( including an anthracycline ) . Using an interactive voice and web response system , an independent statistician r and omly assigned ( 1:1 ) patients to receive eribulin mesilate ( 1·4 mg/m(2 ) intravenously on days 1 and 8) or dacarbazine ( 850 mg/m(2 ) , 1000 mg/m(2 ) , or 1200 mg/m(2 ) [ dose dependent on centre and clinician ] intravenously on day 1 ) every 21 days until disease progression . R and omisation was stratified by disease type , geographical region , and number of previous regimens for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and in blocks of six . Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment . The primary endpoint was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population . The study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT01327885 , and is closed to recruitment , but treatment and follow-up continue . FINDINGS Between March 10 , 2011 and May 22 , 2013 , we r and omly assigned patients to eribulin ( n=228 ) or dacarbazine ( n=224 ) . Overall survival was significantly improved in patients assigned to eribulin compared with those assigned to dacarbazine ( median 13·5 months [ 95 % CI 10·9 - 15·6 ] vs 11·5 months [ 9·6 - 13·0 ] ; hazard ratio 0·77 [ 95 % CI 0·62 - 0·95 ] ; p=0·0169 ) . Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 224 ( 99 % ) of 226 patients who received eribulin and 218 ( 97 % ) of 224 who received dacarbazine  . Grade 3 or higher adverse events were more common in patients who received eribulin ( 152 [ 67 % ] ) than in those who received dacarbazine ( 126 [ 56 % ] ) , as were deaths ( 10 [ 4 % ] vs 3 [ 1 % ] ) ; one death ( in the eribulin group ) was considered treatment-related by the investigators . INTERPRETATION Overall survival was improved in patients assigned to eribulin compared with those assigned to an active control , suggesting that eribulin could be a treatment option for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma . FUNDING Eisai Objectives The safety and efficacy of sirukumab , an anti-interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) monoclonal antibody , were evaluated in a 2-part , placebo-controlled phase II study of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) despite methotrexate therapy . Methods In Part A ( proof-of-concept ) , 36 patients were r and omised to placebo or sirukumab 100 mg every 2 weeks ( q2w ) through week 10 , with crossover treatment during weeks 12–22 . In Part B ( dose finding ) , 151 patients were r and omised to sirukumab ( 100 mg q2w , 100 mg q4w , 50 mg q4w , or 25 mg q4w ) through week 24 , or placebo through week 10 with crossover to sirukumab 100 mg q2w ( weeks 12–24 ) . The proportion of patients with an American College of Rheumatology 50 ( ACR50 ) response and the change from baseline in the 28-joint count disease activity score using C-reactive protein ( DAS28-CRP ) were determined . Safety was evaluated through week 38 in both parts . Results The primary endpoint ( ACR50 at week 12 in Part B ) was achieved only with sirukumab 100 mg q2w versus placebo ( 26.7 % vs 3.3 % ; p=0.026 ) . Greater improvements in mean DAS28-CRP at week 12 were observed with sirukumab 100 mg q2w versus placebo in Parts A ( 2.1 vs 0.6 , p<0.001 ) and B ( 2.2 vs 1.1 ; p<0.001 ) . The incidence of adverse events ( AEs ) was similar for sirukumab-treated and placebo-treated patients through week 12 in Part A ( 70.6 % and 63.2 % , respectively ) and B ( 67.8 % and 66.7 % , respectively ) . Infections were the most common type of AE ; one death occurred ( Part B , sirukumab 100 mg q2w , brain aneurysm ) . Conclusions Sirukumab-treated patients experienced improvements in the signs/symptoms of RA . Safety results through 38 weeks were consistent with other IL-6 inhibitors . Trial registration number NCT00718718 Background This study compared intensive and conventional glycemic management strategies in diabetic patients receiving enteral nutrition after gastrectomy . Methods Diabetic patients ( n = 212 ) who underwent gastrectomy between September 2006 and March 2014 were r and omized to intensive glycemic ( IG ) management with continuous insulin infusion ( target glucose 4.4–6.1 mmol/l ( 80–110 mg/dl ) ) or conventional glycemic ( CG ) management with intermittent bolus insulin ( target glucose < 11.1 mmol/l ( < 200 mg/dl ) ) . Outcomes included blood glucose concentrations , insulin administration , and postoperative morbidity and mortality . Results Blood glucose levels were lower ( 5.4 ± 1.2 vs. 9.5 ± 1.8 mmol/l , P < 0.001 ) and mean insulin dose was higher ( 55 ± 15 vs.32 ± 16 units/day , P < 0.001 ) in the IG than in the CG group . Rates of severe hypoglycemia ( 7.5 vs. 0.9 % , P = 0.035 ) and achievement of target blood glucose ( 86.3 vs. 72.6 % , P = 0.023 ) were higher , while severe hyperglycemia rate was lower ( 1.9 vs. 11.3 % , P = 0.010 ) , in the IG group . Surgical site infection rate was lower in the IG group ( 4.7 vs. 13.2 % , P < 0.030 ) . Rates of other infective complications , bleeding , delayed gastric emptying , obstruction , hepatic dysfunction , renal dysfunction , and circulatory insufficiency were similar in the two groups . Conclusions Intensive glycemic control in diabetic patients receiving enteral nutrition after gastrectomy was associated with a lower surgical site infection rate but a higher hypoglycemia rate According to the published report on current practice of hematopoietic SCT in Europe , high-dose therapy ( HDT ) with autologous stem cell support is a st and ard of care in paediatric patients with high risk ( HR ) or relapsed Ewing′s sarcoma ( ES ) . R and omized trials , however , have not confirmed the value of this procedure yet . In this retrospective analysis we intended to evaluate the role of HDT as a consolidation therapy in first remission of ES . A total of 102 patients were included in the analysis and divided according to the following risk factors : metastatic disease at presentation , feasibility of surgery and histological response after induction . Forty-one patients were classified as st and ard risk ( SR ) patients , while the remaining 61 children , with at least one risk factor , were classified as HR patients . HR group patients were non-r and omized and qualified according to the decision of the local clinician to give a conventional consolidation ( CC ) or to perform high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy in selected patients . Twenty-six children were given CC while 35 patients were treated with HDT . The HDT consisted of oral BU 4 mg/kg p.o . in divided doses daily for 4 days ( total dose 16 mg/kg ) followed by melphalan 140 mg/m2 i.v . on day −2 . Probability of relapse-free survival ( RFS ) in median observation time was significantly worse in HR patients who were given CC therapy as compared with children with HR features receiving high-dose chemotherapy ( 0.27 vs 0.66 ( P=0.008 ) ; OS 0.31 vs 0.71 ( P=0.007 ) , respectively ) . Patients from the SR group had a probability of RFS of 0.72 and OS of 0.75 , and the difference between SR and HR patients after HDT was NS ( P=0.37 ) . Our observation confirms that the consolidation of the first-line treatment with BU and melphalan  improves the outcome in ES patients with HR features Allogeneic stem cell transplantation ( allo-SCT ) has become an important treatment modality for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) and is also under investigation for soft tissue sarcomas . The therapeutic success is still limited by minimal residual disease ( MRD ) status ultimately leading to patients ’ relapse . Adoptive donor lymphocyte infusions based on MRD status using IL-15-exp and ed cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cells may prevent relapse without causing graft-versus-host-disease ( GvHD ) . To generate pre clinical data we developed mouse models to study anti-leukemic- and anti-tumor-potential of CIK cells in vivo . Immunodeficient mice ( NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc− , NSG ) were injected intravenously with human leukemic cell lines THP-1 , SH-2 and with human rhabdomyosarcoma ( RMS ) cell lines RH41 and RH30 at minimal doses required for leukemia or tumor engraftment . Mice transplanted with THP-1 or RH41 cells were r and omly assigned for analysis of CIK cell treatment . Org 
    Output:
    
The limited data of a single RCT with an unclear risk of bias and moderate to high quality evidence showed no survival advantage for HDCT .