***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The present study examined the cardiovascular health effects of 16 weeks of recreational football training in untrained premenopausal women in comparison with continuous running training .  Fifty healthy women were matched and r and omized to a football ( FG , n=25 ) or a running ( RG , n=25 ) group and compared with a control group with no physical training ( CO , n=15 ) . Training was performed for 1 h twice a week . After 16 weeks , systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced ( P<0.05 ) in FG ( 7+/-2 and 4+/-1 mmHg ) and systolic blood pressure was lowered ( P<0.05 ) in RG ( 6+/-2 mmHg ) . After 16 weeks , resting heart rate was lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 5+/-1 bpm both in FG and RG , and maximal oxygen uptake was elevated ( P<0.05 ) by 15 % in FG and by 10 % in RG ( 5.0+/-0.7 and 3.6+/-0.6 mL/min/kg , respectively ) . Total fat mass decreased ( P<0.05 ) by 1.4+/-0.3 kg in FG and by 1.1+/-0.3 kg in RG . After 16 weeks , pulse pressure wave augmentation index ( -0.9+/-2.5 vs 4.2+/-2.4 % ) , skeletal muscle capillarization ( 2.44+/-0.15 vs 2.07+/-0.05 cap/fib ) and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were improved ( P<0.05 ) in FG , but not altered in RG . No changes were observed in CO . In conclusion , regular recreational football training has significant favorable effects on the cardiovascular risk profile in untrained premenopausal women and is at the least as efficient as continuous running The present study investigated whether football has favorable effects in the treatment of mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension in untrained middle-aged men . Twenty-five untrained males aged 31 - 54 year with mild-to-moderate hypertension were r and omized to a football training group ( FTG , two 1-h sessions per week ) and a control group receiving physician-guided traditional recommendations on cardiovascular risk factor modification ( doctoral advice group , DAG ) . After 3 months , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) were lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 12 + /- 3 and 7 + /- 1 mmHg in FTG , respectively , whereas no significant changes were observed for DAG , with the 3 months values being lower ( P<0.05 ) in FTG than DAG ( SBP : 138 + /- 2 vs 148 + /- 2 mmHg ; DBP : 84 + /- 2 vs 92 + /- 2 mmHg ) . The resting heart rate was lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 12 + /- 2 b.p.m . in FTG after 3 months ( 67 + /- 3 vs 79 + /- 3 b.p.m . ) , whereas no change was observed for DAG . After 3 months , FTG had higher ( P<0.05 ) VO(2max ) ( 8 + /- 2 % ; 35.0 + /- 1.6 vs 32.5 + /- 1.3 mL/min/kg ) and lower ( P<0.05 ) fat mass ( 1.7 + /- 0.6 kg ) , whereas no change was observed for DAG . In conclusion , football training is an attractive non-pharmacological supplement to the treatment of mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension in untrained middle-aged men The effects of 16 weeks of football or strength training on performance and functional ability were investigated in 26 ( 68.2 ± 3.2 years ) untrained men r and omized into a  football ( FG ; n = 9 ) , a strength training ( ST ; n = 9 ) , or a control group ( CO ; n = 8) . FG and ST trained 1.6 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 times per week , respectively , with higher ( P < 0.05 ) average heart rate ( HR ) ( ∼140 vs 100 bpm ) and time > 90%HRmax ( 17 vs 0 % ) in FG than ST , and lower ( P < 0.05 ) peak blood lactate in FG than ST ( 7.2 ± 0.9 vs 10.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L ) . After the intervention period ( IP ) , VO₂ max ( 15 % ; P < 0.001 ) , cycle time to exhaustion ( 7 % ; P < 0.05 ) , and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 performance ( 43 % ; P < 0.01 ) were improved in FG , but unchanged in ST and CO . HR during walking was 12 % and 10 % lower ( P < 0.05 ) in FG and ST , respectively , after IP . After IP , HR and blood lactate during jogging were 7 % ( P < 0.05 ) and 30 % lower ( P < 0.001 ) in FG , but unchanged in ST and CO . Sit-to-st and performance was improved ( P < 0.01 ) by 29 % in FG and 26 % in ST , but not in CO . In conclusion , football and strength training for old men  improves functional ability and physiological response to submaximal exercise , while football additionally elevates maximal aerobic fitness and exhaustive exercise performance The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recreational soccer ( SOC ) compared to moderate-intensity continuous running ( RUN ) on all health-related physical fitness components in healthy untrained men . Sixty-nine participants were recruited and r and omly assigned to one of three groups , of which sixty-four completed the study : a soccer training group ( SOC ; n = 20 , 34±4 ( means±SD ) years , 78.1±8.3 kg , 179±4 cm ) ; a running group ( RUN ; n = 21 , 32±4 years , 78.0±5.5 kg , 179±7 cm ) ; or a passive control group ( CON ; n = 23 , 30±3 years , 76.6±12.0 kg , 178±8 cm ) . The training intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of three 60-min sessions per week . All participants were tested for each of the following physical fitness components : maximal aerobic power , minute ventilation , maximal heart rate , squat jump ( SJ ) , countermovement jump with arm swing ( CMJ ) , sit- and -reach flexibility , and body composition . Over the 12 weeks , VO2max relative to body weight increased more ( p<0.05 ) in SOC ( 24.2 % , ES = 1.20 ) and RUN ( 21.5 % , ES = 1.17 ) than in CON ( -5.0 % , ES = -0.24 ) , partly due to large changes in body mass ( -5.9 , -5.7 and + 2.6 kg , p<0.05 for SOC , RUN and CON , respectively ) . Over the 12 weeks , SJ and CMJ performance increased more ( p<0.05 ) in SOC ( 14.8 and 12.1 % , ES = 1.08 and 0.81 ) than in RUN ( 3.3 and 3.0 % , ES = 0.23 and 0.19 ) and CON ( 0.3 and 0.2 % ) , while flexibility also increased more ( p<0.05 ) in SOC ( 94 % , ES = 0.97 ) than in RUN and CON ( 0–2 % ) . In conclusion , untrained men displayed marked improvements in maximal aerobic power after 12 weeks of soccer training and moderate-intensity running , partly due to large decreases in body mass . Additionally soccer training induced pronounced positive effects on jump performance and flexibility , making soccer an effective broad-spectrum fitness training intervention The study examined the effects of 1 year of football or strength training on cardiovascular function in 65- to 75-year-old men . Twenty-six untrained men ( age : 68.2 ± 3.2 years ) were r and omized to football training ( FTG ; n = 9 ) , strength training ( STG ; n = 9 ) , or control ( CG ; n = 8) . In FTG , left ventricular ( LV ) internal diastolic diameter , end-diastolic volume , and mass index were 8 % , 21 % , and 18 % higher ( P < 0.01 ) , respectively , after 12 months , with no changes in STG and CG . After 12 months , LV ejection fraction was increased ( P < 0.05 ) by 8 % and 5 % in FTG and STG , respectively , and systolic longitudinal two-dimensional strain by 8 % and 6 % , whereas right ventricular systolic function improved ( P < 0.05 ) by 22 % in FTG , but not in STG and CG . In FTG , LV diastolic mitral inflow ( E/A ) ratio and peak early diastolic velocity ( E ' ) improved ( P < 0.05 ) by 25 % and 12 % , respectively , after 12 months , with no changes in STG and CG . In FTG , maximum oxygen uptake was 16 % and 18 % higher ( P < 0.001 ) after 4 and 12 months , respectively , and resting heart rate was 6 and 8 beats per minute lower ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively , with no changes in STG and CG . In conclusion , football training elicited superior cardiovascular effects  compared with strength training in elderly untrained men Abstract We investigated the musculoskeletal health profile of  elite female football players ( ET ) in comparison to untrained ( UT ) young women subjected to 16 weeks of football training ( 2 × 1 h per week ) .  DXA scans , blood sampling , sprint testing and Flamingo postural balance testing were carried out for 27 Danish national team players and 28 untrained women , with eight women being tested after training .  At baseline total BMD and BMC were 13 % ( 1.305 ± 0.050 versus 1.159 ± 0.056 g · cm−2 ) and 23 % ( 3047 ± 235 versus 2477 ± 526 g ) higher ( P < 0.001 ) and leg BMD and BMC were 24 and 28 % higher ( P < 0.01 ) in ET than in UT . Resting plasma osteocalcin was 45 % higher in ET than in UT ( 28.8 ± 10.9 versus 19.9 ± 9.9 µg · L−1 , P < 0.05 ) . Total lean body mass was 14 % higher ( 50.4 ± 3.3 versus 44.3 ± 4.0 kg ) in ET compared with UT , with no difference in total body mass . The number of Flamingo test falls was 56–63 % less ( P < 0.01 ) and 30 m sprinting speed was 31 % faster ( P < 0.001 ) in ET than UT . After 16 weeks of football training for UT , lean body mass increased by 1.4 ± 0.5 kg and the number of left leg falls decreased by 29 % ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant changes occurred in BMD or BMC , but plasma osteocalcin increased ( P < 0.05 ) by 37 % . In summary , elite women footballers have an impressive musculoskeletal health profile compared with untrained controls , but short-term football training seems to reduce the risk of falls and increase bone formation The present study examined the cardiac effects of football training and running for inactive pre-menopausal women by st and ard echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging . Thirty-seven subjects were r and omized to two training groups ( football : FG ; n=19 ; running ; RG ; n=18 ) training 1 h with equal average heart rates twice a week for 16 weeks and compared with a matched inactive control group ( CG ; n=10 ) . During the training period , left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased by 13 % in FG and 11 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) . Left ventricular posterior wall thickness increased in FG from 8.5+/-1.4 to 9.0+/-1.3 mm ( P<0.05 ) . Right ventricle diameter increased by 12 % in FG and 10 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) . Tissue Doppler imaging demonstrated increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic performances in both training groups . Peak systolic velocity increased by 26 % in FG and 17 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) and left ventricular longitudinal displacement increased in both groups by 13 % ( P<0.05 ) . Isovolumetric relaxation time decreased significantly more in FG than in RG ( 26 % vs 14 % , respectively P<0.05 ) . In conclusion , 16 weeks of football and running exercise training induced significant changes of cardiac dimensions and had favorable effects on both left ventricular systolic and diastolic function . These training- 
    Output:
    
Clear evidence was found that RS had positive effects on many health-related indices and variables , including VO2max ( gains of 7 - 16 % ) , blood pressure ( reductions of 6 - 13 mmHg ) , body composition ( decreased fat mass and improved indices of bone health ) , and metabolic and cardiac function .
These positive effects were observed in both healthy individuals and clinical patients , irrespective of age or sex .
Regular RS training leads to significant cardiovascular and muscular adaptations and gains of health both in sedentary individuals and clinical patients at all ages , suggesting that RS is a potentially highly motivational method to enhance population health