***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of this 26-week , double-blind , controlled clinical trial , was to compare the efficacy of monotherapy ( metformin only ) with combination therapy ( Chinese medicine prescription JianYuTangKang [ JYTK ] plus metformin ) on  type 2 diabetes . All patients on metformin  were r and omized to receive authenticated JYTK ( 59 patients )  or placebo JYTK ( 53 patients ) , 4.5 g daily , for 26 weeks . Patients also received information regarding diet and exercise  . Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1C ) level , and a lipid profile were measured before , during , and after the treatment . The results of the treatment group ( JYTK plus metformin ) were noninferior to those of the control group ( metformin plus placebo ) at 8 and 18 weeks . After 26 weeks of treatment , FPG levels decreased to 6.1±1.0mmol/L in the treatment group and 7.0±1.5mmol/L in the control group ( p<0.01 ) . HbA1C levels after 26 weeks were also significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group ( p<0.01 ) . In addition , lipid profiles were also significantly different between the two groups . Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy ( JYTK plus metformin ) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may not only help improve glycemia and insulin sensitivity , but also help to modify the diabetes related lipid equilibrium . And thereby provides a basis for a novel , effective , and safe approach , to treat type 2 diabetic patients Objective To observe the effect of combined therapy with Xuezhikang Capsule ( 血脂康胶囊 , XZK ) and Valsartan on left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) and heart rate turbulence ( HRT ) in hypertensive patients . Methods Ninety primary hypertensive patients with LVH were r and omly assigned to three groups . Basic treatment , including aspirin , β-blockers , calcium antagonists , etc . were administered to all patients . Additionally , Valsartan ( VS , 80 mg once a day ) was given to the 30 patients in the VS group . Valsartan ( in the same dosage ) and XZK ( 600 mg , twice a day ) were given to the 32 patients in the Chinese medicine ( CM ) group , while none was given to the 28 patients in the control group . The therapeutic course lasted for 24 months . Changes in left ventricular mass index ( LVMI ) measured by cardiac ultrasonic indices , HRT parameters , including the original heart rate ( TO ) and slope coeffificient ( TS ) , systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( SBP and DBP ) , as well as blood cholesterol level ( TC ) were measured before and after treatment . Results After treatment , TO and LVMI were lowered , while TS increased in both the VS group and the CM group ( P<0.01 ) , but changed insignificantly in the control group . Significant differences between the CM group and the control group were shown in terms of TO , LVMI , SBP , DBP and TS ( P<0.01 ) ; and between the CM group and the VS group in terms of TO , LVMI and TS ( P<0.01 ) . Moreover , HRT parameters showed an evident correlation with LVMI ( r=0.519–0.635 , P<0.01 ) . Conclusion Combined therapy with XZK and Valsartan can improve hypertensive LVH and HRT parameters , and lessen the damage on the autonomous nervous system Background Diabetes remains a major health problem worldwide . Low-risk low-cost alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions are needed where lifestyle modifications have failed . We conducted a double-blind r and omised placebo controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a Chinese herbal formula , Jiangtang Xiaozhi , in treating impaired glucose control and insulin resistance in persons with prediabetes and controlled diabetes . Methods Seventy-one patients with prediabetes or ‘ controlled ’ diabetes were r and omised to receive 3 capsules of Jiangtang Xiaozhi ( n = 39 ) or placebo ( n = 32 ) three times daily for 16 weeks with a follow up eight weeks later ( week 24 ) . The primary outcome was change in glycaemic control as evidence d by fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , post-pr and ial plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) . Other measures included change in fasting insulin , insulin resistance and sensitivity , lipids , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist girth , blood pressure ( BP ) , health related quality of life ( HRQoL ) and safety . Analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to model outcomes at 16 weeks , by treatment group corrected for baseline level of the outcome variable . Results In patients receiving Jiangtang Xiaozhi , FBG was not significantly different ( p = 0.73 ) compared to placebo after 16 weeks of treatment ( 6.3 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs 6.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L ) . There was a significant difference ( p = 0.04 ) in the mean levels of fasting insulin between the treatment group ( 11.6 ± 5.5 mmol/L ) and the placebo group ( 22.1 ± 25.9 mmol/L ) . Insulin resistance slightly decreased in the treatment group ( 1.58 ± 0.74 ) compared to that of the placebo group ( 2.43 ± 1.59 ) but this change did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.06 ) . Patients taking Jiangtang Xiaozhi had a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) level compared to the placebo group at week 16 ( p = 0.03 ) . Mean levels of cholesterol , triglycerides , BMI , waist-girth , HRQoL , BP , CRP and insulin sensitivity were not significantly different between the two groups . The herbal medicine was well tolerated . Conclusions In the current study , the 16 week Jiangtang Xiaozhi treatment did not lower fasting blood glucose , but it improved serum  insulin and HDL cholesterol in a Western population with prediabetes or controlled diabetes . Our trial may have been underpowered . Dosage needs to be considered before commencing a longer adequately powered trial . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000128897;https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review BACKGROUND We examined the cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice supplement in an American population consuming a diet similar to the American Heart Association Step I diet using a double-blind , placebo-controlled , prospect ively r and omized 12-wk controlled trial at a university research center . OBJECTIVE We evaluated the lipid-lowering effects of this red-yeast-rice dietary supplement in US adults separate from effects of diet alone . DESIGN Eighty-three healthy subjects ( 46 men and 37 women aged 34 - 78 y ) with hyperlipidemia [ total cholesterol , 5.28 - 8.74 mmol/L ( 204 - 338 mg/dL ) ; LDL cholesterol , 3.31 - 7.16 mmol/L ( 128 - 277 mg/dL ) ; triacylglycerol , 0.62 - 2.78 mmol/L ( 55 - 246 mg/dL ) ; and HDL cholesterol 0.78 - 2.46 mmol/L ( 30 - 95 mg/dL ) ] who were not being treated with lipid-lowering drugs participated . Subjects were treated with red yeast rice ( 2.4 g/d ) or placebo and instructed to consume a diet providing 30 % of energy from fat , < 10 % from saturated fat , and < 300 mg cholesterol daily . Main outcome measures were total cholesterol , total triacylglycerol , and HDL and LDL cholesterol measured at weeks 8 , 9 , 11 , and 12 . RESULTS Total cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly between baseline and 8 wk in the red-yeast-rice-treated group compared with the placebo-treated group [ ( x+/-SD ) 6.57+/-0.93 mmol/L ( 254+/-36 mg/dL ) to 5.38+/-0.80 mmol/L ( 208+/-31 mg/dL ) ; P < 0.001 ] . LDL cholesterol and total triacylglycerol were also reduced with the supplement . HDL cholesterol did not change significantly . CONCLUSIONS Red yeast rice significantly reduces total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and total triacylglycerol concentrations compared with placebo and provides a new , novel , food-based approach to lowering cholesterol in the general population Some clinical studies and animal research es have evaluated the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM ) and compared its effects with placebo or other antidiabetic drugs . TCM involves three particular plants , as an antidiabetic drug . Our present research planned to evaluate the efficacy of TCM on insulin sensitivity and other related metabolic factors in type 2 diabetic patients . There were 43 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients enrolled in this study , who did not use any antidiabetic drugs before . They were r and omly assigned into TCM and placebo groups , administrated with TCM and placebo , respectively . Glucose disposal rate , fasting plasma glucose , postpr and ial plasma glucose , glycated hemoglobin , and other metabolic components were assessed at baseline and end point . Glucose disposal rate increased from 5.12 ± 2.20 to 6.37 ± 3.51 mg kg−1 min−1 in the TCM group , ANCOVA analysis showed that glucose disposal rate in the TCM group was significantly improved as compared to that in the placebo group ( P < 0.05 ) . Other metabolic related components such as fasting plasma glucose , postpr and ial plasma glucose , glycated hemoglobin , systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , body mass index , retinol binding protein 4 were improved in TCM group , but no statistical differences was detected between the two groups . No severe side effect was found in TCM group . TCM can ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and it is safe and effective in newly diagnosed diabetic patients Background : Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) remains a major health problem worldwide . Several clinical trials have shown the superiority of the Traditional Chinese Medicine in delaying or reversing the development and progression of DM . This study aim ed to evaluate the efficacy of Jinlida ( JLD ) granule , a Chinese herbal recipe , in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) and its effect on the prevention of DM . Methods : Sixty-five IGT patients were r and omized to receive one bag of JLD granules three times daily ( JLD group , n = 34 ) or no drug intervention ( control group , n = 31 ) for 12 weeks . Oral glucose tolerance test , glycated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , body mass index , blood lipids levels , fasting insulin , and insulin resistance calculated using homeostatic model assessment ( HOMA-IR ) of all the patients were observed and compared before and after the treatment . Results : Sixty-one participants completed the trial ( 32 in JLD group and 29 in the control group ) . There were statistically significant decreases in HbA1c ( P < 0.001 ) , 2-h plasma glucose ( P < 0.001 ) , and HOMA-IR ( P = 0.029 ) in JLD group compared with the control group after 12 weeks of treatment . After 12 weeks of treatment , two ( 6.9 % ) patients returned to normal blood glucose , and five ( 17.2 % ) patients turned into DM in control group , while in the JLD group , 14 ( 43.8 % ) returned to normal blood glucose and 2 ( 6.2 % ) turned into DM . There was a significant difference in the number of subjects who had normal glucose at the end of the study between two groups ( P = 0.001 ) . Conclusions : JLD granule effectively improved glucose control , increased the conversion of IGT to normal glucose , and improved the insulin resistance in patients with IGT . This Chinese herbal medicine may have a clinical value for IGT Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of antihyperlipidemic decoction on hyperlipemia . METHODS 77 hyperlipemia patients are selected and r and omly divided into two groups . 37 cases in the treatment group received the treatment of antihyperlipidemic decoction , and 40 cases in the control group received western medicine , zhinbiticose . The course of treatment for both groups was 8 weeks . RESULTS The difference in total effective rate between the two groups was significant ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUS 
    Output:
    
Amongst the included trials with diverse study design , an intervention of CHM as a supplement to biomedicine and /or a lifestyle intervention was found to be more effective in lowering blood pressure , decreasing blood glucose level , helping impaired glucose tolerance reverse to normal , and /or reducing body weight compared to CHM monotherapy .
While no trial reported deaths amongst the CHM groups , some papers do report moderate adverse effects associated with CHM use .
Conclusion This study showed substantial evidence of varied CHM interventions improving the stroke modifiable risk factors .