***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : Single small enhancing CT lesions ( SSECTL ) of the brain with or without perifocal oedema are common in patients with symptomatic epilepsy in India . Solitary cysticercus granuloma , a benign form of parenchymal neurocysticercosis , is considered to be the most common aetiology for SSECTL . Definite information is lacking regarding the effectiveness of antiparasitic treatment on resolution of these lesions and on long term seizure recurrence . Objective : To evaluate the response to albendazole treatment in patients who had SSECTL and new onset seizures treated with antiepileptic drugs ( AED ) in a prospect i ve clinical trial . Methods : 43 patients who presented with new onset seizures and were documented to have SSECTL were alternatively allocated to receive albendazole 15 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks or no cysticidal therapy . All patients were treated with AED and followed for at least 6 months for seizure recurrence , and serial CT scans were obtained at 4 weeks , 3 months and at study completion . Results : 28 ( 65 % ) patients were aged 5–25 years and 31 ( 72 % ) presented clinical ly with partial motor seizures with or without generalisation . Most of the SSECTL were ring lesions ( 75 % ) and located in and around the sensory – motor cortex at the gray – white junction ( 65 % ) . In the albendazole group , 56 % of patients compared with 35 % in the control group showed resolution of SSECTL ( p = 0.154 ) at 1 month . 22 of 23 patients ( 95.6 % ) , who received albendazole , compared with 14 of 20 patients ( 70 % ) in the control group , demonstrated radiological resolution on study completion ( p = 0.03 ) . Punctate residual calcification and seizure recurrence were observed in four patients ( 9.3 % ) in the control group and in three ( 7 % ) patients in the albendazole group ( p = 0.47 ) . Conclusions : In patients presenting with seizures due to single viable parenchymal neurocysticercosis , albendazole hastens the resolution of SSECTL if treatment is given in the early phase of the illness Twenty-six patients with single enhancing brain lesion ( SEL ) were openly assigned to receive single-day praziquantel therapy ( n=14 ) , or not ( n=12 ) . From 14 treated patients , complete resolution was found in 11 , partial resolution in two , and the remaining case was later diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation . Side effects presented in only one patient and remitted in the same day with symptomatic treatment . Conversely , the lesions persisted unchanged in six of 12 patients in the non-treatment group . Untreated patients with persisting lesions were prescribed praziquantel treatment . After this , SELs disappeared in three cases , other diagnoses ( brain tuberculoma and arteriovenous malformation ) were made in two , and one was not evaluated . When analyzed in regard to the baseline serology , resolution of lesions on computed tomography was found in 13 ( complete=12 , partial=1 ) of 14 seropositive patients , whereas it only happened in six ( complete=5 , partial=1 ) of 12 seronegative patients . Serological screening defines a subset of SEL patients with good prognosis . If antiparasitic therapy is to be used in patients with SEL , and we can not find a strong argument against it , single-day praziquantel is the regimen of choice based on duration , costs , and minimal side effects No trials to date have focused on long-term seizure outcome in solitary cerebral cysticercal lesion ( SCCL ) , which is believed to produce a relatively benign form of epilepsy . This is a prospect i ve r and omized controlled study to evaluate the effect of Albendazole on long-term seizure outcome in patients with MRI-confirmed solitary cerebral cysticercal lesion ( SCCL ) . One hundred and twenty-three patients with new-onset seizures and SCCL on contrast MRI were r and omized to treatment with albendazole  and followed for up to five years with serial MRI and clinical evaluation . At final analysis 103 patients ( M-54 , F-49 ) with a mean age of 18.6+/-10.7 years and follow-up period more than 12 months were included . The mean follow-up duration was 31.4+/-14.8 months ( 12 - 64 ) . At one month follow-up more patients receiving albendazole were seizure-free ( 62 % versus 49 % for controls ) . Subsequently there was no significant difference in overall seizure outcome between the two groups . There was no correlation between seizure semiology , albendazole therapy and long-term seizure outcome . Baseline MRI showed active lesions in all ; 23 % remained active at 12 months with no difference between the albendazole and control groups . Patients whose lesions resolved at 12 months showed better seizure outcome . Reduction in mean cyst area was greater in the albendazole group as compared to the controls and the difference at six months was significant ( p<0.05 ) . At three months follow-up perilesional edema also resolved faster in albendazole group ( p<0.05 ) . Thus , albendazole did not alter the long-term seizure outcome in patients with SCCL and epilepsy . However , albendazole hastened resolution of SCCL on MRI , but interestingly 23 % of lesions were still active 12 months after treatment Objectiue To compare the effectiveness of two regimens of albendazole therapy for neurocysticercosis . Design R and omized , double-blind clinical trial . Setting s Patients admitted to neurologic wards in Lima , Peru . Patients Adult patients with active neurocysticercosis demonstrated by CT and Western blot ( immunoblot ) . Intervention One week ( n = 25 ) versus 2 weeks ( n = 25 ) of albendazole therapy . Measurements Decrease in the number of cysts on CT . Results Effectiveness of albendazole  was 78 % , with no difference between the groups when compared 3 months after therapy . Complete cure was obtained in only 38 % of patients . Patients with more than 20 cysts had poorer responses to therapy . The clinical course and EEG evolution improved in most patients . Side effects were present in 38 % of patients , mainly mild , transient gastrointestinal symptoms . Therapy was also associated with exacerbation of neurologic symptoms . Two patients died in the first year after therapy , both because of aggregated infections of ventricle-peritoneal shunts . One-year follow-up CT showed lesions in three of 10 patients presumed to be cured 3 months after therapy . Conclusions Extension of albendazole therapy for more than 7 days adds no benefits for the patients KEY WORDS : Neurocysticercosis : Albendazole ; Dextrochloropheniramine ; Treatment . The clinical variability of neurocysticercosis is due to a series of factors such as number , location , form , dimensions and stage of development of the parasite , the nature of its action on the organism and the individual immunological response of the hosu.4,6 . Thus , diagnosis is very difficult , especially in not highly endemic areas or in regions were laboratory support is lacking . Another important feature to be considered in the approach to neurocysticercosis is the lack of an alternative program of antiparasitic treatment . The high coast of treatment with praziquantel and the side effects ' of 
    Output:
    
In the natural history of neurocysticercosis , the following stages of evolution of parenchymal larval cysts can be observed on neuroimaging : viable cyst , granulomatous cysticercosis and disappearance of cyst with or without residual calcification.2 In the viable cyst stage , the cyst wall is not visible on imaging and the cyst demonstrates little or no perilesional oedema .
Ring-like or nodular areas of enhancement with prominent perilesional oedema mark the phase of granulomatous cysticercosis .
The image shown here demonstrates the granulomatous cysticercosis as a ring-enhancing lesion with scolex and peri-lesional oedema .
Ultimately , the remnant of the cyst is either not visible on the imaging or observed as calcified lesion(s ) .
A single day course of praziquantel has also been employed.7 Surgery is usually reserved for extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis such as an intraventricular cyst , spinal cysticercosis causing spinal cord compression , for hydrocephalus , or for ophthalmic cysticercosis.8 In general , the seizure outcome in solitary cerebral cysticercosis is good in view of the symptomatic nature of the seizure .