***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Little research has explored pre-transplantation psychological factors as predictors of outcome after  liver or kidney transplantation .  Our objective is to determine whether report of depressive symptoms on waiting list predicts outcome of liver and kidney transplantation .  Methods Patients on waiting list for liver or kidney transplantation  were classified for report or non-report of depressive symptoms on waiting list .  339 were transplanted 6 months later on average , and followed prospect ively . The main outcome measures were graft failure and mortality 18 months post-transplantation . Results Among the 339 patients , 51.6 % reported depressive symptoms on waiting list , 16.5 % had a graft failure and 7.4 % died post-transplantation . Report of depressive symptoms on waiting list predicted a 3 to 4-fold decreased risk of graft failure and mortality 18-months post-transplantation , independently from age , gender , current cigarette smoking , anxiety symptoms , main primary diagnosis , UNOS score , number of comorbid diagnoses and history of transplantation . Data were consistent for liver and kidney transplantations . Other baseline predictive factors were : for graft failure , the main primary diagnosis and a shorter length since this diagnosis , and for mortality , older age , male gender and the main primary diagnosis . Conclusion Further studies are needed to underst and the underlying mechanisms of the association between report of depressive symptoms on waiting list and decreased risk of graft failure and mortality after transplantation Background Little is known how health related quality of life ( HRQOL ) change in the transition from  dialysis to renal transplantation ( RTX ) .  Longitudinal data addressing the patient-related outcomes are scarce , and particularly data regarding kidney-specific HRQOL are lacking . Thus , the aim of the current study was to assess HRQOL in patients followed from dialysis to RTX .  Furthermore , to compare HRQOL in  RTX patients and the general population . Methods In a prospect i ve study , HRQOL was measured in a cohort of 110 patients ( median age 53.5 ( IQR 39–62 ) years , GFR 54 ( 45–72 ) ml/min/1.73 m2 ) in dialysis and after RTX using the self-administered Kidney Disease  and  Quality of Life Short  Form version 1.3 ( KDQOL-SF ) . Generic HRQOL in the  RTX patients was compared to that of the general population ( n = 5903 ) using the SF-36 . Clinical important change after RTX was defined as difference in HRQOL of SD/2 . Results Follow-up time was 55 ( IQR 50–59 ) months , and time after RTX was 41 ( 34–51 ) months . Four of nine domains in kidney-specific HRQOL improved after RTX , i.e. burden of kidney disease , effect of kidney disease , symptoms and work status . In SF-36 , general health , vitality , social function and role physical improved after RTX , but none of the domains improved sufficiently to be regarded as clinical ly relevant change . There were highly significant differences in HRQOL between  RTX patients and the general population after adjustment for age and gender for all items of SF-36 except for bodily pain and mental health . Conclusions HRQOL improved in the transition from dialysis to transplantation , but clinical relevant change was only obtained in the kidney specific domains . HRQOL was perceived considerably poorer in  RTX patients than in the general population . Our observations point to the need of improving HRQOL even after RTX , and should encourage further longitudinal research and clinical attention during treatment shift Background The high frequency of outpatient visits after kidney transplantation is burdensome to both the recovering patient and health care capacity . Self-monitoring kidney function offers a promising strategy to reduce the number of these outpatient visits . Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether it is safe to rely on patients ’ self- measurements of creatinine and blood pressure , using data from a self-management r and omized controlled trial . Methods For self-monitoring creatinine , each participant received a StatSensor Xpress-i Creatinine Meter and related test material . For self-monitoring blood pressure , each participant received a Microlife WatchBP Home , an oscillometric device for blood pressure self-measurement on the upper arm . Both devices had a memory function and the option to download stored values to a computer . During the first year post transplantation , 54 patients registered their  self-measured creatinine values  in a Web-based Self-Management Support System ( SMSS ) which provided automatic feedback on the registered values ( eg , seek contact with hospital ) . Values registered in the SMSS were compared with those logged automatically in the creatinine device to study reliability of registered data . Adherence to measurement frequency was determined by comparing the number of requested with the number of performed measurements . To study adherence to provided feedback , SMSS-logged feedback and information from the electronic hospital files were analyzed . Results Level of adherence was highest during months 2 - 4 post transplantation with over 90 % ( 42/47 ) of patients performing at least 75 % of the requested measurements . Overall , 87.00 % ( 3448/3963 ) of all registered creatinine values were entered correctly , although values were often registered several days later . If ( the number of ) measured and registered values deviated , the mean of registered creatinine values was significantly lower than what was measured , suggesting active selection of lower creatinine values . Adherence to SMSS feedback ranged from 53 % ( 14/24 ) to 85 % ( 33/39 ) , depending on the specific feedback . Conclusions Patients ’ tendency to postpone registration and to select lower creatinine values for registration and the suboptimal adherence to the feedback provided by the SMSS might challenge safety . This should be well considered when design ing self-monitoring care systems , for example by ensuring that self-measured data are transferred automatically to an SMSS ABSTRACT We assessed salivary melatonin levels in renal transplant ( RTx ) recipients who participated in a r and omised , multicentre wait-list controlled trial on the effect of bright light therapy  on their sleep and circadian rhythms . A large proportion of RTx recipients in our cohort had unexpectedly low melatonin values , which precluded calculation of the dim-light melatonin onset ( DLMO ) as a circadian marker . Thus , the aim of this post hoc analysis was to describe the melatonin profile of home-dwelling RTx recipients diagnosed with sleep – wake disturbances ( SWDs ) . The participants were characterised by means of sleep question naires , vali date d psychometric instruments [ Pittsburgh sleep quality Index ( PSQI ) , Epworth sleepiness scale ( ESS ) , Morningness-Eveningness Question naire ( MEQ ) and Depression , Anxiety and Stress Scale ( DASS ) ] in addition to melatonin assay in saliva . Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and group comparisons made with appropriate post hoc tests . RTx recipients [ n = 29 ( aged 54.83 ± 13.73 , transplanted 10.62 ± 6.84 years ago ) ] were retrospectively grouped into two groups :  RTx recipients whose dim light melatonin onset ( DLMO ) could be calculated ( n = 11 ) and those whose DLMO could not be calculated ( n = 18 ) . RTx recipients having a measurable DLMO had a number of differences from those without DLMO : they were younger [ 46.4 ± 14.9 compared to 60.0 ± 10.3 ( p = .007 ) ] , had higher haemoglobin values [ 135.36 ± 12.01 versus 122.82 ± 11.56 ( p = .01 ) ] , less anxiety [ 4 ( 0;8 ) versus 12 ( 6.5;14 ) ( p = .021 ) ] and a better overall sense of coherence [ SOC Score : 71.09 ± 12.78 versus 56.28 ± 15.48 ( p = 0.013 ) ] . These results suggest that RTx recipients whose DLMO could be calculated have less health impairments , underlying the relevance of a stable circadian system This study assessed the effect and feasibility of morning bright light therapy ( BLT ) on sleep , circadian rhythms , subjective feelings , depressive symptomatology and cognition in renal transplant recipients ( RTx ) diagnosed with sleep-wake disturbances ( SWD ) . This pilot r and omized multicentre wait-list controlled trial included 30 home-dwelling RTx r and omly assigned 1:1 to either 3 weeks of BLT or a wait-list control group . Morning BLT ( 10 000 lux ) was individually scheduled for 30 min daily for 3 weeks . Wrist actimetry ( measuring sleep and circadian rhythms ) , vali date d instruments ( subjective feelings and cognition ) and melatonin assay ( circadian timing ) were used . Data were analysed via a r and om-intercept regression model . Of 30 RTx recipients ( aged 58 ± 15 , transplanted 15 ± 6 years ago ) , 26 completed the study .  While BLT had no significant effect on circadian and sleep measures , sleep timing improved significantly . The intervention group showed a significant get-up time phase advance from baseline to intervention ( + 24 min ) [ ( st and ardized estimates ( SE ) : -0.23 ( -0.42 ; -0.03 ) ] and a small ( + 14 min ) but significant bedtime phase advance from intervention to follow-up ( SE : -0.25 ( -0.41 ; -0.09 ) . Improvement in subjective feelings and depressive symptomatology was observed but was not statistically significant . Bright light therapy showed preliminary indications of a beneficial effect in RTx with sleep-wake disturbances . ( Clinical Trials.gov number : NCT01256983 ) End-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) is a serious public health problem . The study of the impact of renal replacement therapy ( RRT ) in quality of life ( QoL ) has become increasingly important . The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL of patients on RRT  and associated factors . 3036 patients on RRT in Brazil were interviewed in relation to socioeconomic , demographic , clinical and QoL aspects . Patients were r and omly selected after a cluster sampling process on two levels : health services and patients . QoL was measured by Eq5D .  The instrument allows the indirect measurement of QoL and utility calculation , in addition to the direct measurement of QoL by a visual analog scale ( VAS ) . It was observed that transplant patients have better QoL and that the most prejudicial aspects are pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression . The main factors associated with QOL are age , female gender , variables associated with the clinical condition of the patient such as the need for hospitalization and the presence of comorbidities , social class and variables associated with the health service use . The correlation between VAS and utility calculated was moderate and the 5 Eq5D questions explain 43 % of the variability of VAS . The calculated utility can be used in cost-utility analysis Non‐adherence with immunosuppressive regimen is a major risk factor for poor outcome after kidney transplantation . Identifying patients at risk for non‐adherence requires underst and ing the risk factors for non‐adherence . This prospect i ve study included a convenience sample of 249 adult kidney transplant patients > 1 year post‐transplant . Non‐adherence was monitored electronically using MEMS ® . Selected socio‐economic , therapy‐ , patient‐ , condition‐ and healthcare team‐related risk factors for non‐adherence were assessed . Period prevalences were expressed as the percent of prescribed doses taken ( taking adherence ) , the percent of correctly dosed days ( dosing adherence ) , the percentage of inter‐dose intervals not exceeding 25 % of the prescribed interval ( timing adherence ) , and the number of drug holidays per 100 days ( no intake for > 48 h if once daily or for > 24 h if twice daily intake ) . Testing occurred by simple mixed logistic regression analysis . Factors significant after correction for multiple testing were entered into a multiple logistic regression model . Mean taking , dosing , timing adherence , and drug holidays were 98 % , 96 % , 93 % , and 1.1 days , respectively . Non‐adherence was associated with lower self‐efficacy , higher self‐reported non‐adherence , no pillbox usage , and male gender . Adherence declined between Monday and Sunday . This study provides a framework for identifying patients at risk for non‐adherence and for developing adherence‐enhancing interventions INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the effect of continuous care model with routine care on the quality of life among patients who receive a kidney transplant . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a r and omized clinical trial , 90 kidney transplant patients were selected from 4 hospitals in Tehran , Iran , and were r and omly assigned to 2 group . In the experimental group , continuous care model was applied for 3 months and the control group received routine care . The scale scores of the Kidney Transplant Question naire concerning quality of life were monthly compared between the two groups . RESULTS Of 90 patients , 4 in the experimental and 8 in the control group were excluded from the study . Final analysis was performed on 41 in the experimental and 37 in the control groups . No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of demographic variables . Although the quality of life scores increased in both groups , the mean scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1 , 2 , and 3 months . CONCLUSIONS Continuous care model may improve the kidney transplant patients ' quality of life OBJECTIVE : To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features : 
    Output:
    
The literature used has shown that the population of kidney transplant patients is exposed to a high risk of psychiatric disorders with repercussions on the quality of life and the risk of rejection .