***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Background A post-hoc analysis was performed on the data from a 54 weeks phase III study ( Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT00923091 ) to measure changes in the health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) of 2,690 patients aged ≥18 with moderate-to-severe hypertension who received one of six doses of olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide ( OLM/AML/HCTZ )  , using the MINICHAL and EQ-5D instruments . Methods Descriptive statistics were used to assess blood pressure and HRQoL scores over the study period . Analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to identify those factors that could possibly have influenced HRQoL. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between changes in blood pressure and HRQoL scores . Results Patients ’ baseline MINICHAL mood and somatic domains scores were 5.5 and 2.6 . Over the study period HRQoL improved as both MINICHAL scores decreased by 31 - 33 % . Patients ’ baseline EQ-5D index and VAS scores were 0.9 and 73.4 respectively , increasing by 6 % and 12 % over the study period . Patients ’ QALY gain over the 54 weeks study period was estimated to be 0.029 QALYs . The ANCOVA showed that changes in patients ’ HRQoL was likely to have been influenced by patients ’ achievement of blood pressure control , the amount of concomitant medication and patients ’ last used dosage strength of antihypertensive . Linear regression showed that blood pressure improvement may have been associated with improved HRQoL. Conclusions This study showed that OLM/AML/HCTZ  reduced blood pressure and significantly increased blood pressure control whilst improving patients ’ HRQoL. Achieving blood pressure control , amount of concomitant medication and dosage strength of antihypertensive impacted on patients ’ OBJECTIVE The study evaluated whether a pharmaceutical care intervention can result in better underst and ing about hypertension , increase medication adherence to antihypertensive therapy and improve overall health-related quality of life . METHODS A non- clinical r and omized control trial was conducted whereby participants received an educational intervention through hospital pharmacists .  Hypertension knowledge , medication adherence and health-related quality of life were measured by means of self-administered question naires . Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic and disease characteristics of the patients . Inferential statistics were used for inter- and intragroup comparisons . SPSS 17 was used for data analysis . RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-five hypertensive patients were r and omly assigned ( 192 in the control group and 193 in the intervention group ) to the study . No significant differences were observed in either group for age , gender , income , locality , education , occupation or duration of disease . There was , however , a significant increase in the participants ' levels of knowledge about hypertension and medication adherence among the interventional group after completing the intervention . Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were also observed among the interventional group after completion of the intervention . The interventional group , however , reported decreased yet significant health-related quality of life at the end of the interventional programme . CONCLUSION Pharmacist intervention can significantly increase disease-related knowledge , blood pressure control and medication adherence in patients with hypertension . However , further research is needed to address the decreased health-related quality of life after completion of the study Changes in coronary risk factors , health behaviours , and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) were examined by tertiles of social support group attendance in 440 patients ( 21 % females ) with coronary artery disease . All patients participated in the Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration Project ( MLDP ; eight hospital sites in the USA ) , an insurance-covered multi-component cardiac prevention program including dietary changes , stress management , exercise and group support for 1 year . Significant improvements in coronary risk factors , health behaviours , and HRQOL were noted at 1 year . Several of these improvements ( i.e. systolic blood pressure , health behaviours , HRQOL ) were related to social support group attendance , favoring those who attended more sessions . The associations between support group attendance to systolic blood pressure and to four HRQOL subscales ( bodily pain , social functioning , mental health , and the mental health summary score ) remained significant when controlling for changes in health behaviours , but dropped to a non-significant level for the HRQOL subscales ‘ physical functioning ’ , ‘ general health ’ and ‘ role-emotional ’ . These results suggest an independent relationship of social support group attendance to systolic blood pressure while improvements in quality of life may be in part due to improved health behaviours facilitated by increased social support group attendance Hypertensive patients may be adversely affected by complications and other concomitant processes such as anxiety , sedation , and drug side effects . It has been suggested that some recently developed antihypertensive agents do not affect quality of life by causing adverse effects . We compared the effects of two antihypertensive drugs on quality of life : atenolol , a st and ard cardioselective β-blocker , and celiprolol , one of a new class of selective β-blockers with vasodilatory properties . One hundred thirty-two patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were eligible to enter a 28-week , double-blind , parallel-group study . The study protocol consisted of a 4-week period on placebo and a 24-week period of dosage-adjusted treatment with either atenolol or celiprolol . We assessed both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and quality of life perception by a selected test battery that included the Bulpitt and Fletcher Quality of Life Question naire . Supine blood pressure fell from 167/101 ( range 120/95 to 200/116 ) to 150/92 mm Hg ( p < 0.0001 ) during celiprolol treatment . This antihypertensive effect was at least as good with celiprolol as with atenolol  . Quality of life perception was comparable for the two drugs although adverse effects were seen more frequently with atenolol than with celiprolol , particularly after prolonged treatment . Patient compliance was better for celiprolol than for atenolol . Our results show that the selective β-blocker with vasodilatory property celiprolol is at least as effective as atenolol and that it is more advantageous in terms of some quality of life variables BACKGROUND The goal of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a structured interdisciplinary education program on blood pressure , knowledge , anthropometric measures , medication compliance , behavioural risk factors and quality of life . METHOD In this quasi-experimental study , participants were assigned to an intervention ( n = 21 ) or a regular care group ( n = 19 ) . The intervention group attended four weekly sessions related to hypertension .  Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were recorded at baseline , one , three and six months for all participants . Both groups completed question naires on knowledge , health-related behaviours and quality of life at these same intervals . RESULTS The reduction in systolic blood pressure was greater in the intervention group than in the regular care group ( p = 0.05 ) . However , there were no between group differences with regard to the other variables studied . CONCLUSION Participation in a structured interdisciplinary education program was associated with a reduction of systolic blood pressure , thus contributing to a risk reduction for cardiovascular disease The impact of hostility was examined in relation to the conduct and results of a clinical field trial . Data were derived from a multi-center r and omized double-blind study of the comparative effects of antihypertensive therapy ( captopril , methyldopa and propranolol ) on the quality of life of 620 hypertensive men .  Hostility levels were higher in subjects reporting skipping medication dosages compared to those reporting they always complied with the medication schedule . Reporting of symptoms often associated with antihypertensive drug regimens was positively related to hostility scores throughout the study , even during the blinded placebo period . Persons with high  hostility scores showed the greatest decline in blood pressure independent of type of antihypertensive medication . However , there was some limited evidence that hostility levels were significantly reduced by one antihypertensive medication . Overall , the present findings suggest that double-blind pharmacologic clinical trials may benefit from using reliable measures of hostility as covariates in the evaluation of symptom reports and amount of blood pressure reduction The aim was to evaluate the effects of a change of treatment from beta-blocker to captopril on the quality of life of hypertensive patients . One hundred forty-nine mild to moderate hypertensive patients who were being treated with beta-blockers were r and omly assigned to receive captopril ( 12.5 to 50 mg twice daily ) , or to continue on beta-blocker treatment ( atenolol : 25 to 100 mg once daily [ n = 121 ] , or propranolol , 10 to 80 mg twice daily [ n = 12 ] ) . When required , 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide was added in each group . The patients were followed over periods ranging from 6 to 12 months . Blood pressure , treatment side effects , and quality of life were monitored . Blood pressure was equally well managed in both groups , though a lower level of treatment was required in the captopril group . The captopril treated patients exhibited favorable changes in several aspects of quality of life : sleep-related , gastrointestinal , and physical activity-related symptoms improved from baseline to end of follow-up . Drowsiness and the ability to concentrate significantly improved in the captopril group only ( P < .01 ) . Change in treatment from beta-blocker to captopril result ed in equally well controlled blood pressure on a lower drug dose . Moreover , the change to captopril had a positive impact on the quality of life In an experimental study , 150 general practitioners studied 468 apparently healthy subjects whose blood pressure ( BP ) level was unknown or had not been measured for 1 year . The study lasted for 10 weeks . If BP was > 95 mm Hg on the first two visits , subjects were r and omized into two experimental groups for 8 weeks , with cross-over from betaxolol to placebo and vice versa after 4 weeks . Quality of life was measured at visits 1 , 3 ( 2 weeks ) , 5 ( 6 weeks ) , and 7 ( 10 weeks ) in five ways : well-being , physical state , sexual functioning , sleep , and cognitive acuity . BP level appeared to be effectively controlled by betaxolol as compared with placebo . The results show that no effects on quality of life could be detected by labeling subjects as hypertensives . Equally , almost no effects of active treatment could be established . Learning effects on the two cognitive acuity measurements used were attenuated by betaxolol , however . Apparently , in a carefully controlled study , the effects of increased medical attention and care outweigh the potentially negative effects of labeling and treatment BACKGROUND Most treated hypertensive patients do not achieve adequate blood pressure ( BP ) control . Initiating therapy with two drugs has been suggested when BP is > 20/10 mm Hg above goal . To ensure patients ' compliance , such treatment needs to be well tolerated and must not compromise health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) . The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects on HRQL of initiating treatment with felodipine + metoprolol ( F+M ) fixed combination tablets , or enalapril ( E ) , or placebo ( P ) . METHODS A total of 947 patients of both sexes with primary hypertension ( diastolic BP 95 to 110 mm Hg ) , aged 20 to 70 years , participated in this r and omized , double-blind , parallel group , 12-week , multicenter trial . Treatment was initiated with F+M 5 + 50 mg , or E 10 mg , or P. Doses were doubled after 4 or 8 weeks if diastolic BP was > 90 mm Hg . The HRQL was measured at baseline and at the last visit using two vali date d question naires : the Psychological General Well-being Index ( PGWB ) and the Subjective Symptom Assessment Profile ( SSA-P ) . Office BP was measured at trough , that is , 24 h after the previous dose . RESULTS The HRQL was high at baseline and generally well maintained during the study . For example , the mean ( SD ) PGWB total score was 104 ( 16 ) at baseline and 105 ( 16 ) at 12 weeks in all three treatment groups . The BP reductions after F+M ( 18/14 mm Hg ) and E ( 12/9 mm Hg ) were significantly greater than after P ( 7/7 mm Hg ) , and the reduction after F+M was significantly greater than after E. CONCLUSIONS The HRQL is maintained in the presence of substantial BP reduction during antihypertensive treatment with F+M fixed combination tablets OBJECTIVE To determine whether pharmaceutical care provided by a pharmacist-managed hypertension clinic results in better treatment outcomes when compared with traditional health care from a primary care physician . DESIGN Prospect i ve , controlled study SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . PATIENTS Fifty six patients with essential hypertension ; 27 were r and omly assigned to the intervention group and 29 to the control group . INTERVENTION Patients in the intervention group were scheduled monthly to meet with a clinical pharmacist who made appropriate changes in prescribed drugs , adjusted dosages , and provided drug counseling in accordance with the hypertension guidelines in the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection , Evaluation , and Treatment of High Blood Pressure ( JNC VI ) . Patients in the control group received st and ard care from their physicians . The study period was 6 months . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treat 
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CONCLUSIONS Non-pharmacological treatment improves the overall quality of life and physical domain of people with arterial hypertension .
Adherence to pharmacological treatment has a positive impact on the mental and physical domains of patients , as it did on the overall quality of life score