***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Most research on the impact of mind-body training does not ask about participants ' baseline experience , expectations , or preferences for training . To better plan participant-centered mind-body intervention trials for nurses to reduce occupational stress , such descriptive information would be valuable . Methods We conducted an anonymous email survey between April and June , 2010 of North American nurses interested in mind-body training to reduce stress . The e-survey included : demographic characteristics , health conditions and stress levels ; experiences with mind-body practice s ; expected health benefits ; training preferences ; and willingness to participate in future r and omized controlled trials . Results Of the 342 respondents , 96 % were women and 92 % were Caucasian . Most ( 73 % ) reported one or more health conditions  , notably  anxiety ( 49 % ) ; back pain ( 41 % ) ; GI problems such as irritable bowel syndrome ( 34 % ) ; or depression ( 33 % ) . Their median occupational stress level was 4 ( 0 = none ; 5 = extreme stress ) . Nearly all ( 99 % ) reported already using one or more mind-body practice s to reduce stress : intercessory prayer ( 86 % ) , breath-focused meditation ( 49 % ) , healing or therapeutic touch ( 39 % ) , yoga/tai chi/qi gong ( 34 % ) , or mindfulness-based meditation ( 18 % ) . The greatest expected benefits were for greater spiritual well-being ( 56 % ) ; serenity , calm , or inner peace ( 54 % ) ; better mood ( 51 % ) ; more compassion ( 50 % ) ; or better sleep ( 42 % ) . Most ( 65 % ) wanted additional training ; convenience ( 74 % essential or very important ) , was more important than the program 's reputation ( 49 % ) or scientific evidence about effectiveness ( 32 % ) in program selection . Most ( 65 % ) were willing to participate in a r and omized trial of mind-body training ; among these , most were willing to collect salivary cortisol ( 60 % ) , or serum biomarkers ( 53 % ) to assess the impact of training . Conclusions Most nurses interested in mind-body training already engage in such practice s. They have greater expectations about spiritual and emotional than physical benefits , but are willing to participate in studies and to collect biomarker data . Recruitment may depend more on convenience than a program 's scientific basis or reputation . Knowledge of participants ' baseline experiences , expectations , and preferences helps inform future training and research on mind-body approaches to reduce stress OBJECTIVE This r and omized controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether 12 weeks of Tai Chi ( TC ) practice can reduce anxiety in healthy but stressed people . METHOD Fifty participants were r and omized into TC ( n=17 ) , exercise ( n=17 ) , and wait-list ( WL ) groups ( n=16 ) . Outcome measures used were State Trait Anxiety Inventory , Perceived Stress Scale 14 ( PSS14 ) , blood pressure and heart rate variability , visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , and Short Form 36 . RESULTS Significant improvements were observed from baseline for both TC and exercise groups for both state ( p < 0.01 ) and trait ( p < 0.01 ) anxiety , PSS14 ( p < 0.01 ) , VAS ( p < 0.01 ) , mental health domain ( p < 0.01 ) , and vitality domain ( p < 0.01 ) . Superior outcomes were also observed for TC when compared with WL for state and trait anxiety ( p < 0.01 ) and mental health domain ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION TC reduces stress levels in healthy individuals and provides a safer , cost effective , and less physically vigorous alternative to exercise PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a Tai Chi workplace wellness program as a cost effective way of improving physical and mental health , reducing work related stress , and improving work productivity among older nurses in a hospital setting Design A r and omized control trial of two groups ( control and Tai Chi group ) . DESIGN A r and omized control trial of two groups ( control and Tai Chi group ) . SETTING S Northeastern academic medical center . SUBJECTS A convenience sample of eleven female nurses ( mean age 54.4 years ) . INTERVENTION The  Tai Chi group ( n = 6 ) was asked to attend Tai Chi classes once a week offered at their worksite and to practice on their own for 10 minutes each day at least 4 days per week for 15 weeks . Controls ( n = 5 ) received no intervention . MEASURES SF-36 Health Survey , Nursing Stress Scale ( NSS ) , Perceived Stress Scale ( PSS ) , Sit- and -Reach test , Functional Reach test , the Work Limitations Question naire , workplace injury and unscheduled time off . ANALYSIS The two study groups were compared descriptively and changes across time in the intervention versus control were compared . RESULTS The Tai Chi group took no unscheduled time-off hours , whereas , the control group was absent 49 hours during the study period . There was also a 3 % increase in work productivity and significant improvement in functional reach ( p=0.03 ) compared to the control group . Other outcomes were not statistically significant . CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of Tai Chi with older female workers as a cost effective wellness option in the workplace ; thus encouraging replication with a larger sample . Method ological implication s were also addressed The purpose of this article is to introduce a unique tai chi form that has been successfully implemented in two large r and omized clinical trials . The intervention is composed of a series of tai chi movements chosen for their particular meanings , thus adding a cognitive component to the practice of a moving meditation . Over the last decade , the intervention has continued to evolve as it has been used in different population s. Most recently , medical qigong has been integrated to strengthen its potential impact on a variety of biobehavioral measures associated with cardiometabolic risk in women . Following an appraisal of the authors ’ process as well as the philosophy , practice , and research of tai chi and qigong , the authors share the story of their intervention to contribute to the evolving research of these safe , well-received , low-cost , and beneficial practice The aim of our internet-based intervention study was to find out whether healthcare professionals can autonomously down-regulate the stress they experience at their workplace , using an established self-regulation tool called Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions ( MCII ) . Applying MCII to reduce stress implied for our participants to repeatedly engage in a mental exercise that ( 1 ) required specifying a wish related to reducing stress , ( 2 ) identifying and imagining its most desired positive outcome , ( 3 ) detecting and imagining the obstacle that holds them back , and ( 4 ) coming up with an if-then plan on how to overcome it . We recruited on-line nurses employed at various health institutions all over Germany , and r and omly assigned participants to one of three groups . In the  MCII group ( n = 33 ) , participants were taught how to use this exercise via email and the participants were asked to engage in the exercise on a daily basis for a period of 3 weeks . As compared to two control groups , one being a no-treatment control group ( n = 35 ) and the other a modified  MCII group ( n = 32 ) , our experimental MCII group showed a reduced stress level and an enhanced work engagement . We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the present study as well as ways to intensify MCII effects on stress reduction BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major modifiable lifestyle risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease . Tai Chi is a safe and popular form of physical activity among older adults , yet direct comparisons are lacking between Tai Chi and brisk walking in their ability to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors and improve psychosocial well-being . METHODS 246 adults ( mean age = 64.4 ± 9.8 years , age range = 30 - 91 years , 45.5 % men ) with hypertension and at least two but not more than three modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors ( diabetes , dyslipidaemia , overweight , physical inactivity and smoking ) were r and omly assigned to either Tai Chi ( n = 82 ) , brisk walking ( n = 82 ) or control ( n = 82 ) groups . The Tai Chi and brisk walking groups engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity 150 min/week for 3 months ; daily home-based practice was encouraged for another 6 months . The primary outcome was blood pressure . Secondary outcomes were fasting blood sugar , glycated haemoglobin , total cholesterol , triglycerides , high- and low-density lipoprotein , body mass index , waist circumference , aerobic endurance , perceived stress , quality of life and exercise self-efficacy . Data were collected at baseline , post-intervention at 3 months and follow-up assessment s at 6 and 9 months . Generalised estimating equation models were used to compare the changes in outcomes over time between groups . RESULTS At baseline , the participants had an average blood pressure = 141/81 and average body mass index = 26 ; 58 % were diabetics , 61 % presented with dyslipidemia and 11 % were smokers . No significant difference was noted between groups . Tai Chi  significantly lowered blood pressure ( systolic -13.33 mmHg ; diastolic -6.45 mmHg ) , fasting blood sugar ( -0.72 mmol/L ) , glycated haemoglobin ( -0.39 % ) and perceived stress ( -3.22 score ) and improved perceived mental health ( + 4.05 score ) and exercise self-efficacy ( + 12.79 score ) at 9 months , compared to the control group . In the Tai Chi group , significantly greater reductions in blood pressure ( systolic -12.46 mmHg ; diastolic -3.20 mmHg ) , fasting blood sugar ( -1.27 mmol/L ) , glycated haemoglobin ( -0.56 % ) , lower perceived stress ( -2.32 score ) , and improved perceived mental health ( + 3.54 score ) and exercise self-efficacy ( + 12.83 score ) were observed , compared to the brisk walking group . No significant changes in the other cardiovascular disease risk indicators were observed over time between groups . CONCLUSION Nurses play a key role in promoting exercise to reduce cardiovascular disease risk and foster a healthy lifestyle among adults . Tai Chi is better than brisk walking in reducing several cardiovascular disease risk factors and improving psychosocial well-being , and can be recommended as a viable exercise for building a healthy life free of cardiovascular disease Objective To identify potentially effective complementary approaches for musculoskeletal (MSK)–mental health ( MH ) comorbidity , by synthesis ing evidence on effectiveness , cost-effectiveness and safety from systematic review s ( SRs ) . Design Scoping review of SRs . Methods We search ed literature data bases , registries and reference lists , and contacted key authors and professional organisations to identify SRs of r and omised controlled trials for complementary medicine for MSK or MH . Inclusion criteria were : published after 2004 , study ing adults , in English and scoring > 50 % on Assessing the Method ological Quality of Systematic Review s ( AMSTAR ) ; quality appraisal checklist ) . SRs were synthesis ed to identify research priorities , based on moderate/good quality evidence , sample size and indication of cost-effectiveness and safety . Results We included 84 MSK SRs and 27 MH SRs . Only one focused on MSK – MH comorbidity . Meditative approaches and yoga may improve MH outcomes in MSK population s. Yoga and tai chi had moderate/good evidence for MSK and MH conditions . SRs reported moderate/good quality evidence ( any comparator ) in a moderate/large population for :  low back pain ( LBP )  ( yoga , acupuncture , spinal manipulation/mobilisation , osteopathy ) , osteoarthritis ( OA ) ( acupuncture , tai chi ) , neck pain  ( acupuncture , manipulation/manual therapy ) , myofascial trigger point pain ( acupuncture ) , depression ( mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) , meditation , tai chi , relaxation ) , anxiety ( meditation/MBSR , moving meditation , yoga ) , sleep disorders ( meditative/mind – body movement ) and stress/distress ( mindfulness ) . The majority of these complementary approaches had some evidence of safety — only three had evidence of harm . There was some evidence of cost-effectiveness for spinal manipulation/mobilisation and acupuncture for LBP , and manual therapy/manipulation for neck pain , but few SRs review ed cost-effectiveness and many found no data . Conclusions Only one SR studied MSK – MH comorbidity . Research priorities for complementary medicine for both MSK and MH ( LBP , OA , depression , anxiety and sleep problems ) are yoga , mindfulness and tai chi . Despite the large number of SRs and the prevalence of comorbidity , more high- quality , large r and omised controlled trials in comorbid population s are needed Background and Purpose — Psychological stressors , including poststroke depression , poststroke anxiety , and posttraumatic stress disorder , are highly prevalent in stroke survivors . These symptoms exact a significant toll on stroke survivors . Clinical and research efforts in stroke recovery focus on motor disability , speech and language deficits , and cognitive dysfunction while largely neglecting psychological stressors . Evidence suggests mind-body interventions in other chronic illness population s decrease symptoms of depression , regulate immune responses , and promote resilience , yet similar studies are lacking in stroke population s. This review aims to synthesize evidence of the effects of mind-body interventions on psychological stressors , quality of life , and biological 
    Output:
    
In conclusion , this systematic review suggests the potential impact of interventions such as tai chi as tools for reducing  work-related stress among healthcare professionals .