***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 ( EGFR-1 ) overexpression is usually described as linked with a worse prognosis in a variety of tumours of epithelial origin . However , its role in ovarian cancer is still controversial . The aim of the present study was to analyse the prognostic impact of  EGFR-1 in a retrospective series of 93 stage III – IV primary ovarian epithelial tumours . All patients , enrolled in a multicentre GINECO prospect i ve clinical trial , were treated with the same platinum-based combination chemotherapy , and were followed up with a median of 69 months . Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 plasma membrane expression , assessed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissues , was correlated with clinical parameters as well as immunohistochemical expression results of HER-2 ( c-erbB-2 ) , BAX , BCL-2 , p53 and anti-Ki-67 , previously studied in the same series of patients . Positive immunostaining for EGFR-1 was seen in 31 of the 93 analysed cases ( 33 % ) . No correlation was found between EGFR-1 expression and clinical parameters . No correlation was found between EGFR-1 expression and other biological markers , except for HER-2 , which was limit for significance . Indeed , among the EGFR-1-negative cases , 10.3 % expressed HER-2 , whereas the HER-2-expressing tumours accounted for 27.6 % of EGFR-1-positive cases ( P=0.06 ) . Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 overexpression had no prognostic impact on both overall and progression-free survival through univariate and multivariate analyses . The potential effect of EGFR-1 and HER-2 co-expression on targeted therapy against EGFR-1 and /or HER-2 molecules has to be further analysed Background Despite a typically good response to first-line combination chemotherapy , the prognosis for patients with advanced ovarian cancer remains poor because of acquired chemoresistance . The use of targeted therapies such as trastuzumab may potentially improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer . HER2 overexpression/amplification has been reported in ovarian cancer , but the exact percentage of HER2-positive tumors varies widely in the literature . In this study , HER2 gene status was evaluated in a large , multicentric series of 320 patients with advanced ovarian cancer , including 243 patients enrolled in a multicenter prospect i ve clinical trial of paclitaxel/carboplatin-based chemotherapy .  Methodology /Principal Findings The HER2 status of primary tumors and metastases was evaluated by both immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue on conventional slides . The prognostic impact of HER2 expression was analyzed . HER2 gene was overexpressed and amplified in 6.6 % of analyzed tumors . Despite frequent intratumoral heterogeneity , no statistically significant difference was detected between primary tumors and corresponding metastases . Conclusions / Significance Our results show that the decision algorithm usually used in breast cancer ( IHC as a screening test , with equivocal results confirmed by FISH ) is appropriate in ovarian cancer . In contrast to previous series , HER2-positive status did not influence outcome in the present study , possibly due to the fact that patients in our study received paclitaxel/carboplatin-based chemotherapy . This raises the question of whether HER2 status and paclitaxel sensitively are linked BACKGROUND Despite numerous studies , no biological marker has been identified that accurately predicts prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer . Tumors from a homogeneous population of 117 patients with a stage III/IV ovarian cancer , enrolled in a multicenter prospect i ve GINECO clinical trial were analyzed retrospectively . PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients received the same platinum-based combination therapy  and were followed-up for a median of 68 months . Tumor expression of Ki67 , BCL-2 , BAX , P53 or c-erbB-2 proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded tissues and their prognostic impact analyzed . RESULTS The median rate of Ki67-positive nuclear area was 30 % . BCL-2 , BAX and P53 proteins were expressed in 52 , 54 and 71 % of the tumors , respectively , while HER-2 protein was overexpressed in 16 % . Only HER-2 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival . According to our multivariate analysis , the HER-2 prognostic impact was independent of classical clinical prognostic factors . CONCLUSION HER-2 appeared to influence the outcome of advanced ovarian cancer patients included in a clinical trial with prolonged follow-up , thereby suggesting that HER-2 is a potential target for treatment of this cancer OBJECTIVE ( S ) The Gynecologic Oncology Group ( GOG ) examined the association between ERBB2 amplification and clinical covariates , tumor response , disease status post-chemotherapy , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , and overall survival ( OS ) in epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC ) . METHODS Women with suboptimally-resected , advanced stage EOC who participated in GOG-111 , a multi-center r and omized phase III trial of cyclophosphamide+cisplatin versus paclitaxel+cisplatin , and provided a tumor block through the companion protocol GOG-9404 were eligible .  ERBB2 amplification was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) with probes for ERBB2 and the centromere of chromosome 17 ( CEP17 ) . RESULTS ERBB2 amplification , defined as > 2 copies of ERBB2/CEP17 , was a rare event in EOC with 7 % ( 9/133 ) of women exhibiting between 2.2 and 33.7 copies of ERBB2/CEP17 , and was not associated with patient age , race , GOG performance status , stage , cell type , grade , measurable disease status , volume of ascites , tumor response or disease status post-chemotherapy . Women with > 2 verses < or = 2 copies of ERBB2/CEP17 did not have a reduced risk of disease progression ( hazard ratio [HR]=0.56 ; 95 % confidence interval [CI]=0.27 - 1.16 ; p=0.120 ) or death ( HR=0.57 ; 95 % CI=0.26 - 1.23 ; p=0.152 ) , and ERBB2 amplification was not an independent prognostic factor for PFS or OS . ERBB2 amplification , defined as > 4 copies of ERBB2/nuclei , was observed in 9 % ( 12/133 ) of women with levels ranging from 4.2 to 49.2 copies of ERBB2/nuclei , and was associated with older age and volume of ascites , but not with the other clinical covariates or outcome . CONCLUSION ( S ) ERBB2 amplification is a rare event and has no predictive or prognostic value in suboptimally-resected , advanced stage EOC treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy Objectives : Results on the prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu in ovarian cancer are inconsistent . This exploratory analysis evaluates Her-2/neu as a prognostic factor in a large cohort of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer treated with platinum/paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy within a prospect i ve r and omized trial . Methods : Her-2/neu expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 359 patients ( 46 % ) treated within the AGO-OVAR 3 trial ( n = 783 ) . Patients received either cisplatin/paclitaxel or carboplatin/paclitaxel according to the study protocol . Immunohistochemistry results were scored according to the Dako score . Results : Her-2/neu Dako scores of 0 or 1 + was found in 337 patients ( 94 % ) and a score of 2 + or 3 + in 22 patients ( 6 % ) . Her-2/neu overexpression ( 2+/3 + ) was associated with a higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and larger postoperative residual disease . There were no significant differences in response to chemotherapy between the Her-2/neu score subgroups and in progression-free survival time . In a multivariate analysis , the Her-2/neu score had no significant impact on overall survival time . Conclusions : In the present study , Her-2/neu overexpression in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer was rare and provided no evidence for a prognostic value of Her-2/neu in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with platinum/paclitaxel BACKGROUND Several oncogenes and onco-suppressor genes have been implicated in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis , but their clinical significance is not clear and conflicting data have been found in various studies . PATIENTS AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of HER-2 , p53 and Bcl-2 proteins was investigated in a cohort of 95 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer ( stages IIc-IV ) . These patients participated in a phase III r and omized clinical trial and were treated either with paclitaxel/carboplatin , orpaclitaxel/carboplatin alternating with paclitaxel/cisplatin . RESULTS Positive immunostaining for HER-2 , p53 and Bcl-2 proteins was found in 18 % , 70.5 % and 69.5 % of the cases , respectively . In multivariate analysis , older patients ( < 63 vs. > or = 63 years , p < 0.001 ) , worse grade ( I-II vs. III , p = 0.04 ) and p53 expression ( negative vs. positive , p = 0.002 ) were significant prognostic factors independently associated with survival . CONCLUSION p53 status along with age and grade appear to be independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer OBJECTIVE The prognostic and predictive relevance of HER-2/neu dysregulation in epithelial ovarian cancer is controversial . The purpose of our study was to document HER-2/neu expression patterns and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and survival in a large and biologically homogenous Caucasian patient collective . METHODS Expression of HER-2/neu in ovarian cancer tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry . Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to established protocol s. Results were correlated to clinical data . RESULTS HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 6.9 % ( 25/361 ) of the tumor sample s and was significantly associated with tumor stage ( P = 0.03 ) , but not with lymph node involvement ( P = 0.5 ) , tumor grade ( P = 0.3 ) , histological type ( P = 0.6 ) , residual tumor ( P = 0.4 ) , serum CA-125 before therapy ( P = 0.2 ) , and patient age ( P = 0.8 ) . We found no significant influence of HER-2/neu overexpression on overall and disease-free survival independent of FIGO stage , tumor grade , and residual tumor mass . In a subset of 73 suboptimally debulked patients , women with response to first-line chemotherapy  ( complete remission [ CR ] + partial remission [ PR ] ) and no response to first-line chemotherapy ( stable disease [ SD ] + progressive disease [ PD ] ) showed significantly different rates of HER-2/neu overexpression ( 0 % [ 0/51 ] vs. 14 % [ 3/22 ] ; P = 0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS Tumor overexpression of HER-2/neu in women with advanced ovarian cancer is rare and provides no prognostic information in addition to that provided by established clinicopathologic parameters . This multicenter study , however , indicates that HER-2/neu overexpression is a predictive factor for the response to first-line chemotherapy in suboptimally debulked patients PURPOSE Conflicting results on prognostic factors for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC ) have been reported because of small sample size and heterogeneity of study population . The purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of poor prognosis in a similarly treated population of women with advanced EOC . PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of demographic , pathologic , treatment , and outcome data from 1,895 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III EOC who had undergone primary surgery followed by six cycles of intravenous platinum/paclitaxel  was conducted . A proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of prognostic factors with progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) . RESULTS Increasing age was associated with increased risks for disease progression ( HR = 1.06 ; 95 % CI , 1.02 to 1.11 for an increase every 10 years ) and death ( HR = 1.12 ; 95 % CI , 1.06 to 1.18 ) . Mucinous or clear-cell histology was associated with a worse PFS and OS compared with serous carcinomas . Patients with performance status ( PS ) 1 or 2 were at an increased risk for recurrence compared with PS 0 ( HR = 1.12 ; 95 % CI , 1.0 
    Output:
    
The present study findings provided further indication that HER-2/neu expression in patients with EOC has an adverse impact on OS and PFS