***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: IMPORTANCE Resveratrol , a polyphenol found in grapes , red wine , chocolate , and certain berries and roots , is considered to have antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and anticancer effects in humans and is related to longevity in some lower organisms . OBJECTIVE To determine whether resveratrol levels achieved with diet are associated with inflammation , cancer , cardiovascular disease , and mortality in humans . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study , the Invecchiare in Chianti ( InCHIANTI ) Study ( " Aging in the Chianti Region " ) , 1998 to 2009 conducted in 2 villages in the Chianti area in a population -based sample of 783 community-dwelling men and women 65 years or older . EXPOSURES Twenty-four-hour urinary resveratrol metabolites . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality . Secondary outcomes were markers of inflammation ( serum C-reactive protein [ CRP ] , interleukin [IL]-6 , IL-1β , and tumor necrosis factor [ TNF ] ) and prevalent and incident cancer and cardiovascular disease . RESULTS Mean ( 95 % CI ) log total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentrations were 7.08 ( 6.69 - 7.48 ) nmol/g of creatinine . During 9 years of follow-up , 268 ( 34.3 % ) of the participants died . From the lowest to the highest quartile of baseline total urinary resveratrol metabolites , the proportion of participants who died from all causes was 34.4 % , 31.6 % , 33.5 % , and 37.4 % , respectively ( P = .67 ) . Participants in the lowest quartile had a hazards ratio for mortality of 0.80 ( 95 % CI , 0.54 - 1.17 ) compared with those in the highest quartile of total urinary resveratrol in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model that adjusted for potential confounders . Resveratrol levels were not significantly associated with serum CRP , IL-6 , IL-1β , TNF , prevalent or incident cardiovascular disease , or cancer . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In older community-dwelling adults , total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentration was not associated with inflammatory markers , cardiovascular disease , or cancer or predictive of all-cause mortality . Resveratrol levels achieved with a Western diet did not have a substantial influence on health status and mortality risk of the population in this study BACKGROUND & AIMS Blond orange juice is the most consumed fruit juice in the world . It is a source of hesperidin , a bioavailable flavonoid reported to exhibit potential vascular protective actions . However , the specific impact on vascular function of Citrus phytomicronutrients , is unknown . For the first time , we investigated the effects of blond orange juice compared with a control beverage mimicking the composition of orange juice ( including Vitamin C but no phytomicronutrients ) , on antioxidant markers , cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial function . METHODS Twenty five male volunteers with two cardiovascular risk factors ( age over 50 years and LDL-cholesterol between 130 and 190 mg/L ) were enrolled in a r and omized cross-over study . They received 3 times daily 200 mL of either blond orange juice or control beverage for 4 weeks , spaced by a 5-week wash-out . Endothelial function ( flow mediated dilatation and plasma markers ) , oxidative status , lipid profile and inflammatory markers were assessed . RESULTS Daily intakes of orange juice significantly led to a marked antioxidant effect which was correlated to hesperetin plasma levels and related with a decrease in reactive oxygen species . A tendency towards reduction of endothelial dysfunction and modest increase in plasma apoA-I concentration were also observed . This allows further experiments demonstrating the specific effect of phytomicronutrients from orange juice . CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that daily intake of nutritionally relevant dose of blond orange juice may contribute for a significant antioxidant effect through the phytochemicals contained in . Orange juice may be associated to other healthy foods to achieve a significant effect on the vascular function . This study is recorded in Clinical Trials.com as NCT00539916 BACKGROUND Oxidative and inflammatory stresses are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . The consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with improved health and reduced cardiovascular risk . Red oranges have a high content of antioxidant and antiinflammatory substances , but there is a paucity of data concerning their effects on cardiovascular biomarkers in subjects with increased cardiovascular risk . OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of red orange juice intake on endothelial function , oxidative stress , and markers of inflammation in subjects with increased cardiovascular risk . DESIGN Nineteen nondiabetic subjects with increased cardiovascular risk ( aged 27 - 56 y ) were included in a r and omized , placebo-controlled , single-blind crossover study and compared with 12 healthy , nonobese control subjects . In 2 periods of 7 d each with a 3-d interval , each participant alternatively received 500 mL red orange juice/d and 500 mL placebo/d in a r and om sequence . All measurements were performed in the morning after overnight fasting . RESULTS Endothelial function , which was measured as flow-mediated dilation , significantly improved and was normalized ( 5.7 % compared with 7.9 % ; P < 0.005 ) after 1 wk of red orange juice consumption . Similarly , concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , IL-6 , and TNF-α significantly decreased ( P < 0.001 ) . Red orange juice had no significant effect on nitric oxide plasma concentrations . CONCLUSION A 7-d consumption of red orange juice ameliorates endothelial function and reduces inflammation in nondiabetic subjects with increased cardiovascular risk . This trial was registered at biomed central .com as IS RCT N39987296 The authors prospect ively evaluated fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of oral premalignant lesions among 42,311 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study .  Diet was assessed every 4 years by food frequency question naires . The authors confirmed 207 cases of clinical ly or histopathologically diagnosed oral premalignant lesions occurring between 1986 and 2002 .  Multivariate-adjusted relative risks were calculated from proportional hazards models . Significant inverse associations were observed with citrus fruits , citrus fruit juice , and vitamin-C-rich fruits and vegetables , indicating 30 - 40 % lower risks with greater intakes ( e.g. , citrus fruit juice quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 relative risk = 0.65 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.42 , 0.99 ) . Inverse associations with fruits did not vary by smoking status and were stronger in analyses of baseline consumption , with a 10-year lag time to disease follow-up ( quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 relative risk = 0.41 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.20 , 0.82 ; p = 0.01 ) . No associations were observed with total vegetables or with beta-carotene-rich or lycopene-rich fruits and vegetables .  For current smokers , green leafy vegetables ( ptrend = 0.05 ) and beta-carotene-rich fruits and vegetables ( ptrend = 0.02 ) showed significant linear trends of increased risk ( one additional serving/day relative risk = 1.7 ) . The risk of oral premalignant lesions was significantly reduced with higher consumption of fruits , particularly citrus fruits and juices , while no consistent associations were apparent for vegetables 
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Conclusion : The studies discussed in this review strongly corroborate the role of Citrus juices and their derivatives as potential re source against cancer