***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Botanical therapies are often used by breast cancer patients yet few clinical trials have evaluated their safety and efficacy . We studied mechanisms of activity and performed a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced breast cancer to evaluate BZL101 , an aqueous extract from Scutellariabarbata . Methods Pre clinical studies were conducted in vitro to characterize cell death induced by BZL101 . In a phase I trial , eligible patients had histologically confirmed , measurable metastatic breast cancer . Treatment consisted of 350 ml per day of oral BZL101 , administered as sole cancer therapy until disease progression , toxicity or personal preference to discontinue . Primary endpoints were safety , toxicity and tumor response . Results BZL101 extract induced strong growth inhibition and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines . In the phase I trial , 21 patients received BZL101 . Mean age was 54 years ( 30–77 ) and mean number of prior treatments for metastatic disease was 3.9 ( 0–10 ) . There were no grade III or IV adverse events ( AEs ) . The most frequently reported BZL101-related  grade I and II AEs included : nausea ( 38 % ) , diarrhea ( 24 % ) , headache ( 19 % ) flatulence ( 14 % ) , vomiting ( 10 % ) , constipation ( 10 % ) , and fatigue ( 10 % ) . Sixteen patients were evaluable for response . Four patients had stable disease ( SD ) for > 90 days ( 25 % ) and 3/16 had SD for > 180 days ( 19 % ) . Five patients had objective tumor regression , one of which was 1 mm short of a PR based on RECIST criteria . Conclusions BZL 101 inhibits breast cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis . In a phase I clinical trial , BZL101 was safe and had a favorable toxicity profile . BZL101 demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in this heavily pretreated population Objective To investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of Scutellaria barbata D. Don ( EESB ) on colorectal cancer ( CRC ) growth and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro . Methods In vivo experiment , CRC xenograft mouse model was constructed with injection of HT-29 cells . Following xenograft implantation , twenty mice were r and omly divided into EESB-treated group ( n=10 ) and control group ( n=10 ) by a r and om number table , and were given with intra-gastric administration of 2 g/kg EESB or saline , 5 days a week for 16 days , respectively . At the end of experiment , tumors were removed and weighed by electronic scales . The proliferation biomarker Ki-67 of tumor was evaluated by immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) assay . In vitro study , HT-29 cells were treated with 0 , 0.5 , 1.5 , 2.5 mg/mL EESB for 24 h. At the end of the treatment , the viability and survival of HT-29 cells were determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium  bromide ( MTT ) assay and colony formation assay , respectively . The mRNA expression of c-Myc , Survivin and adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) both in tumor tissues of CRC xenograft mice and HT-29 cells . Protein expression of c-Myc , Survivin , APC , and β-catenin as well as β-catenin phosphorylation level were evaluated by IHC assay or Western blotting . Results EESB  significantly reduced tumor weight in CRC xenografts mice , compared with the control group ( P<0.05 ) . IHC assay showed that EESB  significantly inhibited protein expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues ( P<0.05 ) . MTT assay showed that EESB  significantly reduced HT-29 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05 ) . Colony formation assay showed that EESB dose-dependently decreased the survival of HT-29 cells ( P<0.05 ) . In addition , RT-PCR assay showed that EESB decreased the mRNA expression of c-Myc and Survivin and increased APC expression , both in tumor tissues of CRC xenograft mice and HT-29 cells ( P<0.05 ) . IHC assay or Western blotting showed that EESB  decreased protein expression of β-catenin , c-Myc and Survivin , as well as increased APC expression and β-catenin phosphorylation in tumor tissues or HT-29 cells ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusions EESB significantly reduced tumor growth in CRC xenografts mice , and inhibited the viability and survival of HT-29 cells . EESB could suppress the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway , which might be one of the mechanisms whereby Scutellaria barbata D. Don exerts its anticancer activity To explore the effect of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata on cognitive function and nogo-A expression in the hippocampus region in cerebral ischemia model in gerbils . 30 gerbils were r and omly divided into model group , sham operation group , large dose of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata group ( large dose group ) , middle dose of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata group ( middle dose group ) and small dose of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata group ( small dose group ) , with 6 cases in each group . All the groups except the sham operation group were received bilateral common carotid artery ligation to establish the cerebral ischemia model in gerbils . After that , the large , middle and small doses groups were given 400mg/kg , 200mg/kg and 100mg/kg of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata respectively , while the other two groups were injected with sodium chloride for 4 continuous weeks . At the 5th and 8th week after modeling , the cognitive function ( e.g. escape latency period and original platform crossing times ) of the gerbils in the three groups were detected by Morris water maze test . Moreover , the nogo-A expressions in the hippocampus region were detected by immunohistochemical staining method at the 8th week . The escape latency period and platform crossing times at the 5th and 8th week after modeling in the large dose group were significantly higher than the rest groups ( except slam operation group ) ( p<0.05 ) , while the difference was not significant when compared with slam operation group ( p>0.05 ) . The difference of the gray value of nogo-A positive cells in hippocampus in the large dose group was not significant compared with middle dose group and sham operation group ( p>0.05 ) , while it was significant compared with model group and small dose group ( p<0.05 ) . Large dose of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata can obviously improve the cognitive function in cerebral ischemia model in gerbils by reducing nogo-A expression in the hippocampus region Scutellaria barbata ( SB ) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat various cancers . This study investigated the effects of SB on prostate cancer prevention . Male TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate ( TRAMP ) mice at 9 weeks were r and omly divided into four groups and given daily oral feedings of 8 , 16 , or 32 mg SB or sterilized water . In the control group , palpable tumors initially appeared at 19 weeks of age and were present in all mice by 32 weeks . In the respective treatment groups , palpable tumor development was delayed by 2 , 4 , and 7 weeks and 22 , 30 , and 38 % of the mice were free of palpable tumors . Palpable tumor development in 50 % of the mice occurred at 25 weeks in the placebo group , 29 weeks in the low-dose and mid-dose treatment groups , and 33 weeks in the high-dose group ( log rank , P = 0.0211 ) . Histological assessment further showed that the SB treatment ( 32 mg ) delayed prostate tumor progression in the TRAMP mice . Caspase 3 activation was observed in SB-treated prostate tissue . Positive TUNEL assay results were detected in TRAMP-C1 and LNCaP cells treated with SB ( 1 mg/ml ) , which indicated significant apoptosis induction . Western blotting of SB-treated LNCaP cells also showed elevated expression of Bax , p53 , Akt , and JNK . In-vivo data showed that the SB  delayed tumor development in TRAMP mice . Complementary in-vitro data indicated that SB might exert this function by upregulating the apoptotic pathway and downregulating the survival pathway in prostate cancer cells , thus suggesting that SB possesses chemopreventive properties and has potential for cancer treatment 
    Output:
    
The S. barbata extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory , anti-microbial , antitumor , and other pharmacological activities .
The heat-clearing effects of S. barbata could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities , whereas its detoxifying effects might be due to the anti-microbial functions of neo-clerodane diterpenoids and flavones .
S. barbata may display anti-tumor effects and through active ingredient analysis , neo-clerodane diterpenoids are suggested to be its representative compounds .