***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Many college women are at risk for pregnancy , and binge drinking college women are often at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy . Brief interventions with sustainable outcomes are needed , particularly for college women who are binge drinking , at risk for pregnancy , and at increased risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancy . Two-hundred-twenty-eight women at a Mid-Atlantic urban university at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy enrolled in the r and omized clinical trial , and 207 completed the 4 month follow-up . The BALANCE intervention used Motivational Interviewing plus feedback to target drinking and contraception behaviors . Main outcome measures included ( 1 ) the rate of risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy , ( 2 ) the rate of risk drinking , and ( 3 ) the rate of pregnancy risk . At 4-month follow-up , the rate of alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk was significantly lower in the intervention ( 20.2 % ) than the control condition ( 34.9 % ) , ( P < .02 ) . Assignment to the intervention condition halved the odds of women remaining at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy , while not receiving the intervention doubled the odds of continued alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk ( OR = 2.18 ; 95 % CI = 1.16–4.09 ) . A baseline history of blackouts , continued high blood alcohol drinking days at 1 month , and continued risk for pregnancy at 1 month independently contributed to a multivariate model of continued alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk at 4 month follow-up . BALANCE reduced alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk , with similar outcomes to longer interventions . Because early response predicted sustained alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk reduction , those who fail to achieve initial change could be identified for further intervention . The BALANCE intervention could be adopted into existing student health or university alcohol programs . The risks of unintended pregnancy and alcohol-exposed pregnancy among binge drinking women in college merit greater prevention efforts A significant number of college women are at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy ( AEP ) owing to binge drinking paired with using contraception ineffectively . This article describes a r and omized controlled trial of a one-session motivational interviewing-based intervention to reduce AEP risk among college women and presents 1-month outcomes demonstrating the early impact of this intervention . There were 228 female students from a mid-Atlantic urban university enrolled in the trial . Eligibility criteria were being in the age range of 18 - 24 years and being at risk for AEP .  Risk for AEP was defined as having sexual intercourse with a man in the past 90 days while using contraception ineffectively ( no use , incorrect use of an effective method , or use of an ineffective method only ) ; drinking at risky levels was defined as engaging in at least one binge in the past 90 days or consuming an average of eight st and ard drinks per week . One-month outcome data were available for 212 of the 228 enrolled women ( a follow-up rate of 93 % ) , with complete data available for 105 women assigned to the control condition and 94 assigned to the intervention condition . At 1-month follow-up , 15 % of the control subjects and 25 % of the intervention women reported no risk drinking , a significant difference favoring the intervention group . Significantly fewer control subjects ( 48 % ) used effective contraception  at 1-month follow-up as compared with intervention women ( 64 % ) , chi(2)(1 ) = 5.1 , p < .03 . Significantly more intervention women ( 74 % ) were no longer at risk for AEP at 1 month as compared with control subjects ( 54 % ) , chi(2)(1 ) = 8.15 , p < .005 . Factors that were associated with continued AEP risk at 1-month follow-up were a higher number of st and ard drinks per day consumed in the month prior to baseline ( odds ratio , 1.1 ) and assignment to the control condition ( odds ratio , 2.9 ) . The risks of unintended pregnancy and AEP among drinking women in college merit greater prevention efforts . The results of this study show the promise of one preventive intervention that warrants additional study Changes in sexual behavior have result ed in longer periods of multiple serial or concurrent relationships . This study investigated the effects of  multiple heterosexual partners  on mental health , specifically , whether higher numbers of partners were linked to later anxiety , depression , and substance dependency .  Data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study , a prospect i ve , longitudinal study of a birth cohort born in 1972–1973 in Dunedin , New Zeal and were used . The relationship between numbers of sex partners over three age periods ( 18–20 , 21–25 , and 26–32 years ) and diagnoses of anxiety , depression , and substance dependence disorder at 21 , 26 , and 32 years were examined , using logistic regression . Interaction by gender was examined . Adjustment was made for prior mental health status . There was no significant association between number of sex partners and later anxiety and depression . Increasing numbers of sex partners were associated with increasing risk of substance dependence disorder at all three ages . The association was stronger for women and remained after adjusting for prior disorder . For women reporting 2.5 or more partners per year , compared to 0–1 partners , the adjusted odd ratios ( and 95 % CIs ) were 9.6 ( 4.4–20.9 ) , 7.3 ( 2.5–21.3 ) , and 17.5 ( 3.5–88.1 ) at 21 , 26 , and 32 years , respectively . Analyses using new cases of these disorders showed similar patterns . This study established a strong association between number of sex partners and later substance disorder , especially for women , which persisted beyond prior substance use and mental health problems more generally . The reasons for this association deserve investigation R. Lorraine Collins State University of New York at Stony Brook George A. Parks and G. Alan Marlatt University of Washington Two studies were conducted to assess variables related to the social determinants of alcohol consumption . In Study 1 , moderate- and heavy-drinking male under- graduates  were paired with confederates who behaved in a sociable or unsociable manner while modeling either light or heavy consumption . Modeling occurred in the sociable conditions but not in the unsociable conditions , where subjects tended to drink heavily . In Study 2 , a similar group of subjects was exposed to one of three social status conditions crossed with light versus heavy consumption . The results indicated a modeling effect in all social status conditions . These studies provide further support for the existence of a modeling effect that can be disrupted by a lack of rapport between drinking partners . This latter finding has implication s for the etiology of problem drinking because it suggests that increased alcohol consumption may serve as a strategy for coping with aversive social interactions . Initial research on the effect of modeled consumption rates on social drinking ( Caudill & Marlatt , 1975 ) suggested that heavy-drink- ing men tended to match the consumption of their drinking partner whether his con- sumption was heavy or light . Subsequent examinations of this phenomenon replicated these findings in laboratory analogue drinking tasks such as the taste-rating task ( Cooper , Waterhouse , & Sobell , 1979 ; Hendricks , So- bell , & Cooper , 1978 ; Lied & Marlatt , 1979 ; Watson & Sobell , 1982 ) , natural bar setting s ( Reid , 1978 ) , and seminaturalistic bar setting s ( Caudill & Lipscomb , 1980 ) . Much of the research concerning the mod- eling of alcohol consumption has focused on manipulating characteristics of the model , including the nature of the social interaction between the model and the subject . The effects of manipulating social interaction are unclear . In the Caudill and Marlatt study , model 's drinking rate ( light vs. heavy ) and The present study tested the proposition that an intervention to reduce alcohol use among college students will also reduce their risky sexual behavior . In a r and omized controlled trial , 154 heavy-drinking , predominantly White , heterosexual college students at behavioral risk for infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases were assigned to receive no intervention or a two-session , in-person , motivational interviewing-based intervention focused on ( a ) reducing alcohol risk behavior , ( b ) reducing HIV risk behavior , or ( c ) reducing both alcohol and HIV risk behavior . Three-month retrospective assessment s of alcohol use and sexual behavior were conducted at intake and at 3- , 6- , 9- , 12- , and 15-month follow-up appointments . During follow-up , participants who received the single-focus alcohol risk-reduction intervention  drank less frequently and consumed fewer drinks per drinking day as compared with no-intervention control participants , but did not differ from control participants in their frequency of intercourse without a condom or number of sexual partners . Participants who received the single-focus HIV risk-reduction intervention evidence d fewer unprotected sex events during follow-up , as compared with control participants . The number of sexual partners reported during follow-up did not differ by condition . Effects of the interventions did not vary significantly over time and were not moderated by participant gender . Results suggest that intervening to reduce alcohol use may not reduce risky sexual behavior among nonminority college students , but that a brief motivational intervention targeting HIV risk behavior may have utility for reducing the frequency of unprotected sex in this population This study evaluated the ability of a 20-minute self-administered intervention to increase HIV/AIDS risk reduction among sexually active college students . The intervention presented normative data on the relatively low prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among college students for the purpose of conveying the idea that risk reduction was the prevailing social norm among their same age peers . The intervention also invited students to select specific risk reduction goals to be implemented over a 30-day follow-up period . Participants ( N = 155 ) were assigned in alternating order to receive either the intervention or a control condition that entailed reading a general AIDS information pamphlet . Results were partially moderated by gender . Compared with controls , men in the intervention group reported significantly higher condom use , whereas women in the intervention group reported significantly fewer sexual partners The present study examined factors associated with engaging in oral and vaginal sex and condom use during the most recent hookup , a term that refers to a range of physically intimate behaviors outside of a committed relationship , among college students . In addition , this research aim ed to evaluate factors associated with experiencing positive and negative affect result ing from the most recent hookup . A r and om sample ( N = 1,468 ) of undergraduates ( 56.4 % female ) completed a Web-based survey  that was comprised of measures of drinking and sexual behavior . Participants ( n = 824 ; 56.1 % ) who indicated they had ever hooked up were included in data analysis . Findings indicated that sex , partner type , alcohol use , attitudes towards hooking up , and attitudes towards sexual activity during hookups explained significant variance for oral sex , vaginal sex , condom use , and positive and negative affect related to the most recent hookup experience . Clinical implication s regarding the role of situational stressors , such as the impact on affect following a hookup , and ways to reduce risks associated with stressors are discussed OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of personalized normative feedback ( PNF ) on college student alcohol-related risky sexual behavior ( RSB ) .  METHOD In a r and omized controlled trial , 480 ( 57.6 % female ) sexually active college students were stratified by gender and level of drinking and r and omly assigned to an alcohol-only intervention , an alcohol-related RSB-only intervention , a combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB intervention , or control . All assessment and intervention procedures were Web-based . RESULTS Results indicated a significant reduction in drinking outcomes for the alcohol only and the combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB interventions relative to control . Findings further demonstrated a significant reduction in alcohol-related RSB outcomes for the alcohol-related RSB only and the combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB interventions relative to control . There were no significant intervention effects on alcohol-related negative consequences . These findings demonstrate that the combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB intervention was the only intervention successful at reducing both drinking and alcohol-related RSB outcomes relative to control . There were no significant differences when comparing the combined alcohol and alcohol-related RSB intervention to the alcohol-only intervention or the alcohol-related RSB-only intervention . Finally , results suggested that the intervention effects on high-risk behaviors were mediated by reductions in descriptive normative perceptions . CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that PNF specific to drinking in sexual situations was needed to reduce alcohol-related RSB . Furthermore , this study highlights the potential utility of a brief intervention that can be delivered via the Internet to reduce high-risk drinking and alcohol-related RSB among college students 
    Output:
    
Findings suggested that interventions utilizing reminder cues or motivational interviewing-based techniques were largely found to be effective in increasing condom use behaviors among intoxicated individuals , while support for personalized normative feedback ( PNF ) for the same outcome was mixed .
However , PNF interventions were generally effective in reducing alcohol use in conjunction with sex .
Finally , though few studies examined number of sexual partners , there are mixed findings for interventions ( i.e. , motivational interviewing , PNF ) targeting this outcome .
Overall , there is promising , albeit mixed , evidence of the effectiveness of interventions targeting various alcohol-related risky sexual behaviors among college students .