***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The lateral window approach to maxillary sinus augmentation  is a well-accepted treatment option in implant dentistry . The most frequent complication reported with traditional techniques has been the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane , with perforation rates ranging from 11 % to 56 % . The purpose of this retrospective , consecutive case series from two private practice s was to report on the rate of Schneiderian membrane perforations and arterial lacerations when a piezoelectric surgical unit was used in conjunction with h and instrumentation to perform lateral window sinus elevations . METHODS Clinical data ( Schneiderian membrane perforation , Underwood septa , and laceration of the lateral arterial blood supply to the maxillary sinus ) were obtained retrospectively from two private practice s and pooled for analysis . The information was collated after an exhaustive chart review . Fifty-six consecutively treated lateral window sinus lifts were performed on 50 partially or completely edentate patients . RESULTS Zero perforations of the Schneiderian membrane occurred during the piezoelectric preparation of the lateral antrostomies , whereas two perforations were noted during subsequent membrane elevations using h and instrumentation . In both instances , membrane perforations were associated with sinus septa . The overall sinus perforation rate was 3.6 % . Arterial branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery were encountered in 35 cases , and there were zero instances of arterial laceration . CONCLUSIONS This retrospective case series from clinical private practice s confirmed that a lateral window approach to sinus elevation incorporating piezoelectric technology in conjunction with h and instrumentation was an effective means to achieve sinus elevation while minimizing the potential for intraoperative complications . Further prospect i ve and r and omized controlled studies are warranted to qualify these observations Elevation of the sinus floor allows the correct number and length of oral implants to be placed . The sinus membrane is dissected blindly , usually by a crestal approach , but several internal configurations of the maxillary sinus or intrasinus septa can cause problems . We studied 150 sinuses from 40 male cadavers , and 35 r and omised male patients by anatomical dissection and computed tomography .  Forty-six subjects ( 61 % ) had no bony septa or had septa less than 4 mm . Twenty-nine ( 39 % ) had bony septa of which seven were incomplete , one had a complete bony septum in each maxillary sinus , and 20 had symmetrical bony septa . We present the results of a study of bony intramaxillary sinus septa and the potential problems they can cause during elevation of the sinus floor PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare Unilab Surgibone ( USB ) ( Mississauga , Ontario , Canada ) , a bone xenograft ( bovine ) , with platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) and USB without PRP to augment the human maxillary sinus in preparation to receive dental implants . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who had bilateral pneumatized maxillary sinuses were included . Sinuses on one side were augmented with the USB-PRP combination and formed the study group , whereas the opposite-side sinuses were augmented with USB alone and served as controls .  Bone biopsy specimens  were taken during implant placement at 6.8 ± 0.9 months after maxillary sinus floor augmentation . Resonance frequency analysis measurements were performed at implant placement ( first control ) and before the prosthetic stage ( second control ) , at 6.5 ± 0.7 months after implant surgery . RESULTS There were 10 patients ( 7 men and 3 women ; mean age , 53.7 ± 0.8 years ) . Integration between new bone and residual grafts was histologically observed in all sample s. The volumes of soft tissue were 59.9 % ± 7.5 % and 57.8 % ± 4.4 % in the control and study groups , respectively ; residual graft , 21.9 % ± 6.6 % and 23.6 % ± 5.9 % , respectively ; new bone , 15.8 % ± 4.8 % and 16.0 % ± 3.8 % , respectively ; and trabecular bone , 64.7 % ± 22.5 % and 69.1 % ± 18.6 % , respectively . A positive correlation was found between new bone volume and trabecular bone volume ( P = .0001 ) . The mean Implant Stability Quotient ( ISQ ) values were 71.7 ± 4.9 and 70.3 ± 5.7 in the control and study groups , respectively , at first control and 75.4 ± 6.4 and 74.4 ± 6.4 , respectively , at second control . The mean ISQ values at second control in both groups were significantly higher than at first control ( P = .043 and P = .028 , respectively ) . No statistically significant differences were observed between groups ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSION The combination of USB and PRP does not have any effect on new bone formation and implant stabilization 
    Output:
    
In view of their high overall prevalence and significant morphologic variability , 3D radiographic imaging prior to sinus floor augmentation may help to reduce complication rates in the presence of maxillary sinus septa