***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE The aim of the present prospect i ve clinical study was to compare patient-reported outcomes for maxillary conventional dentures and maxillary implant-supported dentures . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one patients ( 6 women and 15 men ) being edentulous in the maxilla and encountering problems with their existing dentures were included . Twelve patients ( 4 women and 8 men ) received a new set of conventional dentures , due to insufficient dentures . In nine patients ( 2 women and 7 men ) , the existing dentures were adjusted by means of relining or rebasing .  All patients received implant-supported dentures on two retentive anchors . In total , 42 implants were inserted in the anterior maxilla . The participants rated their satisfaction on their existing conventional dentures , 2 months after insertion of new conventional dentures and 2 months after insertion of implant-supported dentures . Thereby , patients responded to question naires capturing the oral health impact profile ( OHIP ) using visual analog scales . Seven domains ( functional limitation , physical pain , psychological discomfort , physical , psychological and social disability and h and icap ) were assessed . Higher scores implied poorer patient satisfaction . In addition , the question naire involved the evaluation of cleaning ability , general satisfaction , speech , comfort , esthetics , stability , and chewing ability . Higher scores implied higher patient satisfaction . RESULTS Patient satisfaction significantly increased for implant-supported dentures compared with old dentures in all seven OHIP subgroups , as well as for cleaning ability , general satisfaction , ability to speak , comfort , esthetics , and stability ( P < 0.05 ) . The comparison of new conventional dentures and implant-supported dentures revealed a statistically significantly increased satisfaction for functional limitation ( difference of 33.2 mm ) , psychological discomfort ( difference of 36.7 mm ) , physical disability ( difference of 36.3 mm ) , and social disability ( difference of 23.5 mm ) , ( P < 0.05 ) . Additionally , general satisfaction , chewing ability , speech , and stability significantly improved in implant-supported dentures ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study , maxillary dentures retained by two implants provided some significant short-term improvements over conventional dentures in oral- and health-related quality of life PURPOSE This study evaluated the effects of different implant-based prostheses on swallowing threshold , dietary intake , and oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This prospect i ve paired controlled clinical trial followed partially edentulous subjects , who sequentially used implant-supported removable partial dentures and implant-supported fixed partial dentures ( IFPDs ) .  Swallowing threshold was assessed by counting the masticatory cycles and median particle size ( X₅₀ ) calculation . Nutritional intake was verified by a 3-day food record . OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-49 ) . Data were evaluated with repeated- measures analysis of variance . RESULTS Twelve subjects ( mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years ; range , 55 to 87 ) took part in the study . IFPD treatment significantly reduced X₅₀ values and the number of chewing cycles . Higher intake of fiber , calcium , and iron and lower consumption of cholesterol-rich food were observed after IFPD  use . OHIP summary score and OHIP physical pain domain were lower with the IFPD . CONCLUSION IFPD use leads to more efficient mastication and improves dietary intake and OHRQoL. This information will guide dentists to better clinical management of partially edentulous patients BACKGROUND A major reason for the success of modern dental implant systems has been the development of implant design s that enhance direct bone-implant interface . Surface roughness has been a factor in this success and different systems have utilized very different implant surface roughness . The major purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 similar implants with different surface roughness characteristics . METHODS Two similarly design ed , screw-type , commercially pure titanium implants , one dual acid-etched ( DAE ) and the other machined-surfaced ( MS ) , were compared in this prospect i ve , r and omized-controlled , multi-center study , in which a total of 97 patients were enrolled at a private dental practice or a university dental clinic . Both implant types were placed in each patient using a 2-stage approach with a conventional 4- to 6-month healing period . Implants supported fixed prostheses , hybrid prostheses , and overdentures as dictated by the individual patient 's need . All of the cases were followed using clinical and radiographic examinations . Criteria of success were the absence of peri-implant radiolucency , mobility , and persistent signs or symptoms of pain or infection . RESULTS Of the 432 implants ( 247 dual acid-etched , 185 machined-surfaced ) , 36 implants ( 12 dual acid-etched and 24 machined-surfaced ) have failed . The pre-loading integration success rate of the dual acid-etched implants ( 95.0 % ) was statistically higher ( P < 0.01 ) than the success rate of the machined-surfaced implants ( 86.7 % ) . At 36 months , the cumulative success rates ( CSR ) are 95.0 % for the dual acid-etched implants and 86.7 % for the machined-surfaced implants . CONCLUSIONS The difference in success rates is most likely attributed to the acid-etched surface characteristics . The greatest performance difference is observed in the conditions of poor quality or soft bone where the 3-year post-loading CSR are 96.8 % ( dual acid-etched ) and 84.8 % ( machined-surfaced ) PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare elderly patients ' satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life with m and ibular two-implant overdentures and conventional dentures .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty edentulous subjects aged 65 to 75 years were r and omly assigned to two groups treated with maxillary conventional dentures and either a m and ibular conventional denture ( n = 30 ) or an overdenture supported by two implants with ball retainers ( n = 30 ) . Subjects rated their general satisfaction , as well as other features of their dentures ( comfort , stability , ability to chew , speech , esthetics , and cleaning ability ) , prior to treatment and 2 months postdelivery . Changes in ratings on the original Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP ) and its short form ( OHIP-EDENT ) were also used as indicators of oral health-related quality of life . RESULTS The primary outcome of this study , ratings of general satisfaction 2 months postdelivery , was significantly better in the group treated with m and ibular two-implant overdentures ( P = .001 ) . In addition , the implant group gave significantly higher ratings on comfort , stability , and ability to chew . Furthermore , using OHIP-EDENT , subjects who received m and ibular two-implant overdentures had significantly fewer oral health-related quality of life problems than did the conventional group . CONCLUSION These short-term results suggest that m and ibular two-implant overdentures combined with maxillary conventional dentures provide better function and oral health-related quality of life than conventional dentures STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Documentation of long-term changes in food intake is lacking for those treated with a maxillary complete denture opposed by a m and ibular , screw-retained , implant-supported fixed prosthesis . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selection patterns of dietary foods over 5 years for edentulous participants treated in a multicenter prospect i ve clinical trial that compared cast alloy versus laser-welded titanium frameworks of an implant-supported prostheses opposed by maxillary complete dentures to rehabilitate edentulous participants . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study assessed data from a multicenter prospect i ve clinical trial that followed edentulous participants from an initial baseline of wearing existing complete dentures to implant placement , restoration with a m and ibular implant-supported prosthesis opposed by a maxillary complete denture , to follow-up assessment of these treatments over 5 years . The 32 participants in the cohort were treated at 5 of 9 participating centers . The data collected included 2 dietary forms , a st and ardized 4-day food diary form , and a dietary habits question naire . Each participant completed forms before entering into treatment ( control ) and at the 1- and 5-year follow-up assessment after being treated with a maxillary complete denture opposing a m and ibular complete-arch fixed implant-supported prosthesis . Descriptive statistics were calculated for each measure at each assessment point . Regression analysis and the Sign test were used to calculate change in the participants ' nutritional status ( α=.05 ) . RESULTS Among the findings , it was noted that difficulty in masticating hard , raw , and fibrous foods decreased and intake of vegetable portions increased significantly from 2.5 to 3.3 servings . Participant comfort in eating in public places and their enjoyment of eating were significantly improved from 50 % of participants being uncomfortable with their prior complete denture treatment to only 4 % after 5 years . CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study , it was concluded that vegetable intake and ability to masticate raw , hard , and fibrous food for these participants improved when they received a m and ibular implant-supported prosthesis opposed by a maxillary complete denture . According to the analysis and findings , the overall eating experience was more pleasurable , and eating in public was more comfortable after replacement of complete dentures with a m and ibular implant-supported prosthesis BACKGROUND While information on the prevalence of peri-implantitis is available , data describing onset and progression of the disease are limited . MATERIAL & METHODS A 9-year follow-up examination of 596 r and omly selected implant-carrying individuals identified 62 patients with moderate/severe peri-implantitis . Longitudinal assessment s of peri-implant marginal bone levels were used to construct a statistical model with bone loss as the dependent variable . A multilevel growth model estimated the pattern of bone loss for each implant/patient . Onset of peri-implantitis was determined by evaluating the cumulative percentage of implants/ patients presenting with estimated bone loss at each year following prosthesis delivery . RESULTS The analysis showed a non-linear , accelerating pattern of bone loss at the 105 affected implants . The onset of peri-implantitis occurred early , and 52 % and 66 % of implants presented with bone loss of > 0.5 mm at years 2 and 3 respectively . A total of 70 % and 81 % of subjects presented with ≥1 implants with bone loss of > 0.5 mm at years 2 and 3 respectively . CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that peri-implantitis progresses in a non-linear , accelerating pattern and that , for the majority of cases , the onset occurs within 3 years of function In this prospect i ve study 47 edentulous patients were treated with m and ibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated Brånemark implants and followed for 12 to 15 years . Three ( 1 % ) of the 273 inserted implants were lost , two before and one six years after placement of the fixed prosthesis . The cumulative success rate ( CSR ) of the implants was 98.9 % both after 10 and 15 years . None of the fixed prostheses was lost and at the last follow-up , all patients had stable fixed prostheses in function ( CSR 100 % ) . The marginal bone loss around the implants  was small , on average 0.5 mm during the first post surgical year and thereafter about 0.05 mm annually . More bone was lost around the anterior implants than around the most posterior ones . Smoking and poor oral hygiene had significant influence on bone loss , while occlusal loading factors such as maximal bite force , tooth clenching and length of cantilevers were of minor importance . It is concluded that the long-term results of the m and ibular implant treatment were extremely successful , regarding both the fixed prostheses and implant stability . Bone resorption around the implants  , albeit limited , was influenced by several factors , smoking and oral hygiene appeared to be most important The importance of assessing the impact of treatments for chronic conditions on an individual 's quality of life has been well-established . In this r and omized clinical trial , oral-health-rclated quality of life , measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP ) , was compared between two groups of edentulous patients . One group ( n = 54 ) received m and ibular implant-supported overdentures  , and the other group ( n = 48 ) received conventional dentures . Assessment s were performed pre-treatment and two months after the prostheses were delivered . The multivariate model showed that implant treatment was significantly associated with lower post-treatment OHIP scores ( p = 0.0002 ) , indicating a better quality of life . In addition , pre-treatment OHIP scores , treatment allocation , age , sex , and marital status explained 31 % of the variation in post-treatment OHIP scores ( F = 0.0001 ) . These results suggest that implant treatment provides significant short-term improvement over conventional treatment in oral-health-related quality of life PURPOSE Removable partial dentures ( RPDs ) represent st and ard treatment for partial edentulism despite major shortcomings . To alleviate these shortcomings , endosseous implants provide support and stability as well as contribute to maintenance of alveolar bone . This prospect i ve , within subject , time series study evaluated patient-based outcomes of RPDs compared to implant-supported removable partial dentures ( ISRPDs ) . The study hypothesis was that the ISRPD would substantially improve oral health quality of life for patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Seventeen patients requesting new m 
    Output:
    
Within its limitations , this review suggests that replacement implants have moderate SR .