***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Although exercise has been shown to relieve depression , little is known about its mechanism or dose-response characteristics . We hypothesized that high intensity progressive resistance training ( PRT ) would be more effective than either low intensity PRT or st and ard care by a general practitioner ( GP ) in depressed elderly persons , and that high intensity PRT would provide superior benefits in quality of life , sleep quality , and self-efficacy . METHODS Sixty community-dwelling adults > 60 years with major or minor depression were r and omized to supervised high intensity PRT ( 80 % maximum load ) or low intensity PRT ( 20 % maximum load ) 3 days per week for 8 weeks , or GP care . RESULTS A 50 % reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression score was achieved in 61 % of the high intensity , 29 % of the low intensity , and 21 % of the GP care group ( p = .03 ) . Strength gain was directly associated with reduction in depressive symptoms ( r = 0.40 , p = .004 ) , as was baseline social support network type ( F = 3.52 , p = .015 ) , whereas personality type , self-efficacy , and locus of control were unrelated to the antidepressant effect . Vitality quality -of-life scale improved more in the high intensity group than in the others ( p = .04 ) . Sleep quality improved significantly in all participants ( p < .0001 ) , with the greatest relative change in high intensity PRT ( p = .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS High intensity PRT is more effective than is low intensity PRT or GP care for the treatment of older depressed patients PURPOSE Investigate hemodynamic responses of resistance exercise ( RE ) with moderate load ( i.e. , international guidelines for RE of patients ) versus RE with high load in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . METHODS Medically stable male ( n = 11 ) and female patients ( n = 4 ) treated with PCI or percutaneous coronary intervention , or coronary artery bypass surgery a minimum of 6 months before this study , performed three sets of 15RM and 4RM RE in a r and omized order on separate days . Beat-to-beat systolic ( SBP ) , diastolic ( DBP ) blood pressure , heart rate ( HR ) , stroke volume ( SV ) , cardiac output ( CO ) , and systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) were monitored at preexercise , and continuously during RE . RESULTS Compared with preexercise , SBP and DBP ( mean of three sets ) increased by 12 % to 13 % ( both ; P < 0.001 ) and 35 % to 40 % after 15RM RE ( both ; P < 0.001 ) . 15RM SBP and DBP were higher than 4RM SBP and DBP ( both ; P < 0.001 ) . The SBP of the fourth repetition of 15 RM RE was similar to the SBP of the fourth repetition of 4RM RE . Compared with preexercise , SV increased moderately after 4RM and 15 RM RE , respectively ( both , P < 0.001 ) . HR increased more after 15RM compared with 4RM RE ( P < 0.05 ) ; thus , higher CO after 15RM ( compared with 4RM RE ; P < 0.05 ) was mainly caused by higher HR . SVR decreased by 15 % ( P < 0.001 ) and 50 % ( P < 0.01 ) after 4RM and 15RM RE . CONCLUSIONS SBP and DBP increased significantly more during moderate load RE ; thus , the magnitude of the external load is not the prime determinant of the pressure response during RE . If management of blood pressure is of concern , high load/low rep RE is preferable to medium load/high rep RE OBJECTIVE Muscle resistance training is often combined with aerobic endurance training during rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease . However , the clinical effects of additional lower-extremity low-intensity muscle resistance training during early rehabilitation ( within the first month after coronary revascularization ) in patients with coronary artery disease remain unclear . DESIGN Prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial . SUBJECTS Sixty patients with coronary artery disease . METHODS Subjects were r and omly assigned to early aerobic endurance training ( n = 30 ) or combined aerobic endurance and resistance muscle training ( n = 30 ) . Subjects performed 18 ( st and ard deviation 2 ) exercise sessions ( at 65 % VO(2peak ) , for 40 mins/session ) . In resistance muscle training , additional low-intensity ( 12 - 20 repetition maximum ) resistance muscle exercises were performed . The following parameters were evaluated : exercise capacity , body composition , blood lipid profile , glycaemic control , blood endothelial progenitor cell and cytokine content , and muscle performance . RESULTS A total of 47 patients with coronary artery disease completed the intervention . Total body lean tissue mass tended to increase with greater magnitude ( p = 0.07 ) , and blood high-density lipid cholesterol content increased with significantly greater magnitude in resistance muscle training ( p < 0.05 ) , compared with aerobic endurance training . Maximal exercise capacity , ventilatory threshold , and muscle performance increased , and steady-state exercise respiratory exchange ratio , and adipose tissue mass reduced significantly ( p < 0.05 ) , without differences between groups ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION In early aerobic endurance training intervention in patients with coronary artery disease , additional low-intensity resistance muscle training contributes to a greater increase in blood high-density lipid cholesterol content , and tends to affect lean tissue mass A prospect i ve , r and omized study evaluated the feasibility , safety , and efficacy of upper body circuit weight training ( CWT ) in 25 stable male cardiac patients entering the initial out-of-hospital phase of cardiac rehabilitation . Both groups performed 30 minutes of aerobic exercise only for 6 weeks . The aerobic exercise group ( N = 13 ) continued this regimen for 6 more weeks , during which time the CWT group ( N = 12 ) performed 15 minutes of aerobic exercise followed by CWT ( two loops , eight upper body exercises ) . The only adverse response was in one CWT patient in whom restenosis developed . Peak heart rate during aerobic exercise and CWT was similar , but peak systolic blood pressure during aerobic exercise was significantly greater than during CWT .  Peak rate pressure product during aerobic exercise and CWT was similar . Treadmill time increased significantly in both groups . Upper body strength ( cumulative pounds lifted ) increased significantly only in the CWT group . A coordinated program of CWT and aerobic exercise can be performed safely in stable cardiac patients during phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation , result ing in improved upper body strength and aerobic capacity PURPOSE We evaluated the value of resistance training on measures of physical performance in disabled older women with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . METHODS The study intervention consisted of a 6-month program of resistance training in a r and omized controlled trial format . Training intensity was at 80 % of the single-repetition maximal lift . Control patients performed light yoga and breathing exercises . Study participants included 42 women with CHD , all > or= 65 yr of age and community dwelling . Subjects were screened by question naire to have low self-reported physical function . The primary study measurements related to the performance of 16 household activities of the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance test ( CSPFP ) . These ranged from dressing , to kitchen and cleaning activities , to carrying groceries and walking onto a bus with luggage , and a 6-min walk . Activities were measured in time to complete a task , weight carried during a task , or distance walked . Other measures included body composition , measures of aerobic fitness and strength , and question naire-based measures of physical function and depression score . RESULTS Study groups were similar at baseline by age , aerobic capacity , strength , body composition , and in performing the CSPFP . After conditioning , 13 of 16 measured activities were performed more rapidly , or with increased weight carried , compared with the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . Maximal power for activities that involved weight-bearing over a distance , increased by 40 % ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Disabled older women with CHD who participate in an intense resistance-training program improve physical capacity over a wide range of household physical activities . Benefits extend beyond strength-related activities , as endurance , balance , coordination , and flexibility all improved . Strength training should be considered an important component in the rehabilitation of older women with CHD BACKGROUND Many activities of daily living require significant amounts of muscular strength . Time lines for current strength training guidelines preclude many myocardial infa rct ion patients from receiving strength training as part of their cardiac rehabilitation program . This study was design ed to examine the effectiveness and safety of low-to-moderate level strength training in patients early after myocardial infa rct ion . METHODS Fifty-seven low-risk men ( < 61 years of age , 6 - 16 weeks post-infa rct ion ) were r and omly assigned to a control group or one of three treatment groups . All groups trained aerobically , three times per week for 12 weeks . The three treatment groups performed additional strength exercises on each training day of the last 10 weeks . These groups differed in their strength training stimulus with Group 20 performing 20 reps of 20 % of 1 repetition maximum ( 1 RM ) , Group 40 performing 10 repetitions of 40 % of 1 RM , and Group 60 performing 7 repetitions of 60 % of 1 RM . RESULTS Maximal strength remained unchanged in the control group ( + 0.5 % ) , but increased in Groups 20 , 40 , and 60 by + 10.5 % , + 11.9 % , and + 13.5 % , respectively . The increases in strength in the treatment groups were all significantly different ( P < .001 ) from the results of the control group , but were not significantly different from each other . For the three treatment groups , 30 of 42 subjects had one or more cardiovascular complication ( arrhythmias , angina , ischemia , hypertension , hypotension ) during the aerobic exercises as compared to only 1 subject with complications during the resistive exercises ( P < .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS In selected patients , low-to-moderate intensity strength training performed early after infa rct ion is effective and may have lower rates of cardiovascular problems than aerobic exercise PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of moderate-intensity , progressive , upper-body resistance training ( RT ) on muscle strength and perceived performance of household physical activities ( HPA ) among women in cardiac rehabilitation . METHODS The 10-week , pretest-posttest , experiment r and omized women to either  usual care ( UC ) aerobic exercise or RT . Muscle strength for 5 upper-body RT exercises ( chest press , shoulder press , biceps curl , lateral row , and triceps extension ) was measured using the 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment . The RT group progressively increased weight lifted using 40 % , 50 % , and 60 % of obtained 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment at 3-week intervals . Perceived performance of HPA was measured with the Kimble Household Activities Scale . RESULTS The RT group ( n = 16 , mean age 64 ± 11 ) significantly increased muscle strength in all 5 exercises in comparison with the UC group ( n = 14 , mean age 65 ± 10 ) ( chest press , 18 % vs 11 % ; shoulder press , 24 % vs 14 % ; biceps curl , 21 % vs 12 % ; lateral row , 32 % vs 9 % ; and triceps extension , 28 % vs 20 % , respectively ) . By study end , Household Activities Scale scores significantly increased ( F = 13.878 , P = .001 ) in the RT group ( 8.75 ± 3.19 vs 11.25 ± 2.14 ) , whereas scores in the UC group decreased ( 8.60 ± 3.11 vs 6.86 ± 4.13 ) . CONCLUSION Progressive upper-body RT in women shows promise as an effective tool to increase muscle strength and improve the ability to perform HPA after a cardiac event . Beginning RT early after a cardiac event in a monitored cardiac rehabilitation environment can maximize the strengthening benefit PURPOSE This study examined the effects of performing combined resistance and aerobic training , versus aerobic training alone , in patients with coronary artery disease . METHODS Thirty-six patients with coronary artery disease were r and omized to either an aerobic-only training group ( AE ) or a combined aerobic and resistance training group ( AE + R ) . Both groups performed 30 minutes of aerobic exercise 3 days/week for 6 months . In addition , AE + R group performed two sets of resistance exercise on seven different Nautilus machines after completion of aerobic training each day . Twenty patients ( AE : n = 10 ; AE + R : n = 10 ) completed the training protocol with > 70 % attendance . RESULTS Strength gains for AE + R group were greater than for AE group on six of seven resistance machines ( P < 0.05 ) . VO2peak increased after training for both AE and AE + R ( P < 0.01 ) with no difference in improvement between the groups . Resting and submaximal exercise heart rates and rate-pressure product were lower after training in the AE + R group ( P < 0.01 ) , but not in the AE group . A 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Isolated progressive resistance training result ed in an increase in lower and upper body strength , and improved aerobic fitness to a similar degree as aerobic training in coronary heart disease cohorts .
Importantly , when progressive resistance training was added to aerobic training  , effects on both fitness and strength were enhanced compared to aerobic training alone .