***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This study evaluated mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ( MBCT ) , a group intervention design ed to train recovered recurrently depressed patients to disengage from dysphoria-activated depressogenic thinking that may mediate relapse/recurrence . Recovered recurrently depressed patients ( n = 145 ) were r and omized to continue with treatment as usual or , in addition , to receive MBCT .  Relapse/recurrence to major depression was assessed over a 60-week study period . For patients with 3 or more previous episodes of depression ( 77 % of the sample ) , MBCT significantly reduced risk of relapse/recurrence . For patients with only 2 previous episodes , MBCT did not reduce relapse/recurrence .  MBCT offers a promising cost-efficient psychological approach to preventing relapse/recurrence in recovered recurrently depressed patients INTRODUCTION About one-third of cancer survivors suffer from severe chronic fatigue . Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy in reducing severe chronic fatigue in cancer survivors with mixed diagnoses . PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants ( n = 100 ) were r and omly selected from a cohort and allocated to an intervention and a waiting list condition . Analyses were based on 59 participants in the intervention condition and 24 in the waiting-list condition . Fatigue severity ( Checklist Individual Strength ) , functional impairment ( Sickness Impact Profile ) and well being ( Health and Disease-Inventory ) were assessed before and after the 9-week intervention . The intervention group had a follow-up 6 months following the intervention . RESULTS At post-treatment measurement the proportion of clinical ly improved participants was 30 % , versus 4 % in the waiting list condition ( χ(2 ) ( 1 ) = 6.71 ; p = 0.007 ) . The mean fatigue score at post-measurement was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the waiting list group corrected for pre-treatment level of fatigue . The mean well-being score at post-measurement was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the waiting list group corrected for pre-treatment level of well-being . The treatment effect was maintained at 6-month follow-up . No difference between the two conditions was found in functional impairment . DISCUSSION Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective treatment for chronic cancer-related fatigue Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effects of participation in a mindfulness meditation – based stress reduction program on mood disturbance and symptoms of stress in cancer out patients . Methods A r and omized , wait-list controlled design was used . A convenience sample of eligible cancer patients enrolled after giving informed consent and were r and omly assigned to either an immediate treatment condition or a wait-list control condition . Patients completed the Profile of Mood States and the Symptoms of Stress Inventory both before and after the intervention . The intervention consisted of a weekly meditation group lasting 1.5 hours for 7 weeks plus home meditation practice . Results Ninety patients ( mean age , 51 years ) completed the study . The group was heterogeneous in type and stage of cancer . Patients ’ mean preintervention scores on dependent measures were equivalent between groups . After the intervention , patients in the treatment group had significantly lower scores on Total Mood Disturbance and subscales of Depression , Anxiety , Anger , and Confusion and more Vigor than control subjects . The treatment group also had fewer overall Symptoms of Stress ; fewer Cardiopulmonary and Gastrointestinal symptoms ; less Emotional Irritability , Depression , and Cognitive Disorganization ; and fewer Habitual Patterns of stress . Overall reduction in Total Mood Disturbance was 65 % , with a 31 % reduction in Symptoms of Stress . Conclusions This program was effective in decreasing mood disturbance and stress symptoms in both male and female patients with a wide variety of cancer diagnoses , stages of illness , and ages There have been few qualitative investigations evaluating Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) in breast cancer population s. The nested qualitative analysis reported here explores the acceptability and the perceived effect of MBSR . As part of a larger r and omised controlled evaluative trial , 92 participants with stages 0 to III breast cancer completed a short proforma following week 8 of a MBSR programme conducted at The Haven , an integrated cancer support centre in London , UK in 2005 - 2006 . Following thematic analysis , the most positive experiences from participants ( n = 92 ) were reported to be ; 1 ) being calmer , centred , at peace , connected and more confident ; 2 ) the value of mindfulness practice ; 3 ) being more aware ; 4 ) coping with stress , anxiety and panic ; 5 ) accepting things as they are , being less judgemental of myself and others ; 6 ) improved communication and personal relationships and 7 ) making time and creating space for myself . All participants asked ( n = 39 ) said that following MBSR training they had become more mindful . These underst and ings will be able to help shape the future teaching of MBSR in breast cancer Two hundred fifteen r and omly accessed cancer patients who were new admissions to three collaborating cancer centers were examined for the presence of formal psychiatric disorder . Each patient was assessed in a common protocol via a psychiatric interview and st and ardized psychological tests . The American Psychiatric Association 's DSM-III diagnostic system was used in making the diagnoses . Results indicated that 47 % of the patients received a DSM-III diagnosis , with 44 % being diagnosed as manifesting a clinical syndrome and 3 % with personality disorders . Approximately 68 % of the psychiatric diagnoses consisted of adjustment disorders , with 13 % representing major affective disorders ( depression ) . The remaining diagnoses were split among organic mental disorders ( 8 % ) , personality disorders ( 7 % ) , and anxiety disorders ( 4 % ) . Approximately 85 % of those patients with a positive psychiatric condition were experiencing a disorder with depression or anxiety as the central symptom . The large majority of conditions were judged to represent highly treatable disorders 
    Output:
    
Four themes were identified : Coping strategies developed through mindfulness course ; Positive outcomes of mindful practice ; Challenges with engaging in mindful practice ; and Group identification and shared experience .