***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection is more prevalent among patients who have chronic kidney disease than among those who do not have the disease . Patients with chronic kidney disease who also have HCV infection are at higher risk for progression to end‐stage renal disease than those who have chronic kidney disease without HCV infection . Patients with both HCV infection and advanced chronic kidney disease have limited treatment options . METHODS We conducted a multicenter , open‐label , phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with the combination of the NS3/4A protease inhibitor glecaprevir and the NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir for 12 weeks in adults who had HCV genotype 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , or 6 infection and also had compensated liver disease ( with or without cirrhosis ) with severe renal impairment , dependence on dialysis , or both . Patients had stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease and either had received no previous treatment for HCV infection or had received previous treatment with interferon or pegylated interferon , ribavirin , sofosbuvir , or a combination of these medications . The primary end point was a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment . RESULTS Among the 104 patients enrolled in the trial , 52 % had genotype 1 infection , 16 % had genotype 2 infection , 11 % had genotype 3 infection , 19 % had genotype 4 infection , and 2 % had genotype 5 or 6 infection . The sustained virologic response rate was 98 % ( 102 of 104 patients ; 95 % confidence interval , 95 to 100 ) . No patients had virologic failure during treatment , and no patients had a virologic relapse after the end of treatment . Adverse events that were reported in at least 10 % of the patients were pruritus , fatigue , and nausea . Serious adverse events were reported in 24 % of the patients . Four patients discontinued the trial treatment prematurely because of adverse events ; three of these patients had a sustained virologic response . CONCLUSIONS Treatment with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks result ed in a high rate of sustained virologic response in patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease and HCV infection . ( Funded by AbbVie ; Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT02651194 . BACKGROUND In our country , the national program for hepatitis C virus treatment with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir was approved for patients with stage four of liver fibrosis and stage three associated with specific comorbidities . Our aim was to analyze the characteristics associated with the presence of adverse events in patients receiving this antiviral regimen , with ribavirin in cirrhotic patients . METHODS We prospect ively studied a cohort of adults with hepatitis C virus infection with Child A cirrhosis , treated for 12 weeks with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir and ribavirin  , which have been followed in an infectious diseases tertiary-care hospital . RESULTS We included 137 adult patients diagnosed with compensated cirrhosis , hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infected , 82 ( 60 % ) previously treated . We recorded 201 adverse events in 98 ( 71.5 % ) patients , with a median number of events per patient of one . The intensity of adverse events was classified as mild , moderate and severe in 50 % , 36 % and 14 % of cases , respectively . Forty-five ( 22 % ) episodes required medical intervention . The most frequently reported adverse events were pruritus 34(35 % ) , asthenia 22(22 % ) and insomnia 15(15 % ) . The presence of severe adverse events was associated with the presence of comorbidities ( p = 0.01 , OR : 9.5 , 95 % CI : 1.2 - 74.3 ) and with the presence of associated medication ( p = 0.02 , OR : 3.9 , 95 % CI : 1.08 - 14.2 ) . At the end of current treatment , 136 ( 99.2 % ) patients had undetectable viral load . CONCLUSION We found a high number of adverse events , but most of them were mild or moderate and only one quarter of them required medical intervention . Only severe adverse events were associated with comorbidities and associated medication Well‐tolerated , ribavirin‐free , pangenotypic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) treatments for transplant recipients remain a high priority . Once‐daily glecaprevir/pibrentasvir demonstrates high rates of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment ( SVR12 ) across all major HCV genotypes ( GTs ) . This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for patients with chronic HCV GT1‐6 infection who had received a liver or kidney transplant . MAGELLAN‐2 was a phase 3 , open‐label trial conducted in patients who were ≥3 months posttransplant . Patients without cirrhosis who were HCV treatment‐naive ( GT1‐6 ) or treatment‐experienced ( GT1 , 2 , 4‐6 ; with interferon‐based therapy with or without sofosbuvir , or sofosbuvir plus ribavirin ) received glecaprevir/pibrentasvir ( 300/120 mg ) once daily for 12 weeks . The primary endpoint compared the percentage of patients  receiving glecaprevir/pibrentasvir  with SVR12 to a historic SVR12 rate based on the st and ard of care . Safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was assessed . In total , 80 liver transplant and 20 kidney transplant patients participated in the trial . Most patients had no or minimal fibrosis ( 80 % had fibrosis scores F0‐F1 ) and were infected with HCV GT1 ( 57 % ) or GT3 ( 24 % ) . The overall SVR12 was 98 % ( n/N = 98/100 ; 95 % confidence interval , 95.3%–100 % ) , which exceeded the prespecified historic st and ard‐of‐care SVR12 threshold of 94 % . One patient experienced virologic failure . One patient discontinued because of an adverse event considered to be unrelated to treatment ; this patient achieved SVR12 . Adverse events were mostly mild in severity , and laboratory abnormalities were infrequent . Conclusion : Once‐daily glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 12 weeks is a well‐tolerated and efficacious , ribavirin‐free treatment for patients with chronic HCV GT1‐6 infection who have received a liver or kidney transplant . ( Clinical Trials.gov NCT02692703 . ) ( Hepatology 2018 ; 00:000‐000 ) The OSIRIS study investigated efficacy and safety of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for eight or 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype 4-infected patients with METAVIR F0-F4 fibrosis . Sixty-three patients ( 33 treatment-naïve and 30 peg-interferon/ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV)-experienced ) enrolled in a partly r and omized , open-label , multicentre , phase IIa study . Patients with F0-F3 fibrosis were r and omized ( 1:1 ) into two groups ( A1 and A2 ) , stratified according to treatment experience and METAVIR score , to receive either eight weeks ( Group A1 , n=20 ) or 12 weeks ( Group A2 , n=20 ) of treatment . Patients with compensated cirrhosis ( METAVIR F4 ) received 12 weeks of treatment ( Group B , n=23 ) . Treatment comprised simeprevir 150 mg and sofosbuvir 400 mg daily . The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after planned end of treatment ( SVR12 ) . Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout . Overall , 92 % ( 95 % CI : 82 - 97 ) of patients achieved SVR12 ; 75 % ( 15/20 ) in Group A1 and 100 % in groups A2 and B. Patients who did not achieve SVR12 ( n=5 ) experienced viral relapse during the first 32 days following treatment and were all prior Peg-IFN/RBV null responders . The most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) were asymptomatic lipase increase ( 14 % ) , pruritus ( 14 % ) , headache ( 13 % ) and hyperbilirubinaemia ( 11 % ) . No patients discontinued due to TEAEs . In conclusion , simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks achieved a 100 % SVR rate in HCV genotype 4-infected patients with or without compensated cirrhosis ( Clinical Trials.gov : NCT02278419 ) . The AE and laboratory profile were favourable and consistent with previous data for simeprevir plus sofosbuvir in eight- and 12-week regimens BACKGROUND Injection drug use is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , and treatment guidelines recommend treating HCV-infected people who use drugs ; however , concerns about adherence , effectiveness , and reinfection have impeded treatment uptake . METHODS Data were pooled from seven phase III trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of 8 or 12 weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir ( G/P ) in patients chronically infected with HCV genotypes 1 - 6 . Patients had compensated liver disease , with or without cirrhosis , and were HCV treatment-naïve or -experienced with interferon or pegylated interferon ± ribavirin , or sofosbuvir plus ribavirin ± pegylated interferon . Patients were grouped into recent drug users ( injection drug use ≤12 months before screening , positive urine drug screen [ UDS ] , and /or drug-related adverse event ) , former drug users ( > 12 months before screening and negative UDS ) , or non-drug users . Assessment s included sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment ( SVR12 ) , treatment adherence , and safety . RESULTS Among 1819 patients , 5 % , 34 % , and 61 % were recent , former , and non-drug users , respectively . Treatment adherence and completion were high ( ≥96 % ) regardless of drug use status . SVR12 was achieved by 93 % ( n/N = 91/98 ) , 97 % ( n/N = 591/610 ) , and > 99 % ( n/N = 1106/1111 ) of recent , former , and non-drug users , respectively ( intention-to-treat analysis ) . The overall rates of virologic failure were ≤1.5 % across all three sub population s , with no HCV reinfections among recent drug users . Drug-related serious adverse events and adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were experienced by ≤1 % of patients . CONCLUSIONS G/P is a well-tolerated and efficacious pangenotypic regimen for chronic HCV-infected people with recent or active drug use Screening and treatment for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection were not prioritised in psychiatric patients due to adverse neuropsychiatric effects of interferon therapy despite reports of high prevalence . However , with the safe new antiviral drugs , HCV eradication has become a reality in these patients . The aim of this study was to report HCV seroprevalence , risk factors and treatment model in an Australian cohort . This prospect i ve study involved patients admitted to four inpatient psychiatric units , from December 2016 to December 2017 . After pretest counselling and consent , HCV testing was done ; information on risk factors collected . A total of 260 patients ( 70 % male ) , median age 44 years ( IQR 24 ) , were studied . The HCV seroprevalence was 10.8 % ( 28/260 ) with 95 % CI 7 - 15 . Independent predictors of HCV positivity were injection drug use ( P < 0.001 , OR 44.05 , 95 % CI 7.9 - 245.5 ) , exposure to custodial stay ( P = 0.011 , OR 7.34 , 95 % CI 1.6 - 33.9 ) and age ( P = 0.011 , OR 1.09 , 95 % CI 1.02 - 1.16 ) . Eight of the 16 HCV RNA-positive patients were treated . Hepatitis nurses liaised with community mental health teams for treatment initiation and follow-up under supervision of hepatologists . Seven patients achieved sustained viral response , one achieved end of treatment response . The remaining eight patients were difficult to engage with . In conclusion , HCV prevalence was high in our cohort of psychiatric in patients . Although treatment uptake was achieved only in 50 % patients , it was successfully completed in all , with innovative models of care . These findings highlight the need to integrate HCV screening with treatment linkage in psychiatry practice 
    Output:
    
Consistent with clinical trials , real-world evidence indicates that glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is a well-tolerated and highly effective pangenotypic treatment  for a broad range of HCV-infected patients