***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This r and omized controlled trial investigated the effect of live music on quality of life and depression in 47 older people with dementia using the Dementia Quality of Life and Geriatric Depression Scale . The control/reading group reported higher mid-point feelings of belonging than the music group ( F(1 , 45 ) = 6.672 , p < .05 ) . Sub-analyses of ≥ 50 per cent music session attendance found improvements in self-esteem over time ( F(2 , 46 ) = 4.471 , p < .05 ) . Participants with scores that were suggestive of increased depressive symptoms had fewer depressive symptoms over time ( F(2 , 22 ) = 8.129 , p < .01 ) . Findings suggest music and reading activities can improve self-esteem , belonging and depression in some older people with dementia This study aim ed to investigate the long-term effects of group music therapy on  agitation manifested by nursing home residents with Alzheimer 's disease . A non-r and omised experimental design was employed with one group receiving weekly music therapy ( n = 26 ) and another group receiving st and ard nursing home care ( n = 19 ) .  Agitation levels were measured five times over one year using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory ( Cohen-Mansfield , J. ( 1989 ) . Agitation in the elderly . In N. Billig & P. V. Rabins ( Eds . ) , Issues in geriatric psychiatry ( pp . 101–113 ) . Basel , Switzerl and : Karger ) . Although music therapy participants showed short-term reductions in agitation , there were no significant differences between the groups in the range , frequency , and severity of agitated behaviours manifested over time . Multiple measures of treatment efficacy are necessary to better underst and the long-term effects music therapy programs have on this population Objective : Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention which is specifically design ed to address issues of particular relevance to older adults , such as depression . The latest approach to the research on therapeutic utility of reminiscence is gaining popularity among research ers and practitioners , and has yielded promising results . Specifying different types of reminiscence is a crucial component of the approach . The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of integrative and instrumental types of reminiscence for the treatment of depression in institutionalized older adults dwelling in a nursing home . Method : The study employed a three-group pre – post-test design with r and om allocation to instrumental or integrative reminiscence or an active social discussion control condition .  Twenty-nine institutionalized older adults ( 12 men and 17 women ) with depressive symptoms varying from mild to severe constituted the sample . The interventions were implemented in a short-form group format . Findings : Analysis of changes from pre-test to post-test revealed that integrative reminiscence therapy led to statistically significant reduction in symptoms of depression in contrast with the control group . Although instrumental reminiscence therapy also reduced depressive symptoms , this improvement was not statistically significant compared to the control group . Conclusion : This study provides additional support for the effectiveness of integrative reminiscence therapy as an intervention for depressed older adults living in residential care setting s. This study also provides support for the hypothesis that certain types of reminiscence produce their own specific effects Objectives : To evaluate the effect of different pathways for developing a life story book ( LSB ) for people with dementia . Method : Preliminary r and omised control trial ; 23 people with dementia in care homes ( mean age 86 ) r and omly assigned to receive either 12 individual life review sessions and co-creating a LSB or a personal LSB created by their relatives as a ‘ gift ’ Results : No difference in quality of life ( quality of life – Alzheimer 's disease ( QOL – AD ) ) was observed between the two groups , six weeks after having received the LSB ( F(1,20 ) = 0.08 , p = 0.77 ) . At this point , QOL – AD had improved for both groups , but there was a significant between-group difference at an intermediate assessment immediately after the life review sessions had been completed , before the LSBs were received ( F(1 , 20 ) = 5.11 , p = 0.035 ) , in favour of life review . A similar pattern was observed on autobiographical memory ( extended autobiographical memory interview ) , with the life review group improving significantly more than the gift group during the life review sessions , but no difference was observed once all participants had had their LSB for six weeks . After the LSBs were produced – by either pathway – quality of relationship as rated by relatives improved significantly ( F(2 , 39 ) = 19.37 , p < 0.001 ) and staff knowledge regarding the resident and attitudes to dementia improved . Conclusion : The creation of LSBs – either through a life review process or by relatives without involving the person with dementia – has benefits for people with dementia , relatives and staff in care homes . However , undertaking a life review requires training and supervision OBJECTIVE To examine effects of individual thematically-based reminiscence sessions based on the SolCos model for older adults with dementia because of Alzheimer disease ( AD ) as a pilot study . BACKGROUND Reminiscence activities are popular within nursing homes and generally considered to be enjoyable and helpful , however , there is a paucity of robust data demonstrating therapeutic impact . Criticisms of existing reminiscence studies include the failure to explicate the reminiscence protocol and to st and ardize delivery and choice of outcome measures . METHODS In this study , 82 older adults with probable AD were recruited from psychiatric day care , inpatient , and long term care facilities . Of the study group , 41 participants were r and omly selected for individual reminiscence sessions during 4 weeks performed by 1 facilitator . A control group of 41 older adults were r and omly involved and had no planned reminiscence treatment of any kind in the study period . All study participants were tested pre- and postintervention period with vali date d assessment scales to evaluate cognition and behavior . Analyses were based on delta scores , the differences between assessment scales pre- and postintervention scores , compared between the intervention and the control group . RESULTS A structured reminiscence protocol was developed with user involvement , and intervention group participants received 6 - 8 reminiscence sessions ( average 7.4 ) . The primary outcomes of Mini- Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS-30 ) delta scores of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group . Participants of the intervention group with both mild and moderate AD had significantly better GDS-30 delta scores compared with the control group . Significantly better MMSE delta scores were found only in the intervention sub-group with moderate AD . Logistic regression analyses with all study participants showed an impact of reminiscence sessions on depressive symptoms measured with GDS-30 . CONCLUSIONS The pilot study results showed positive effects associated with individual thematically-based reminiscence on well-being such as depressive symptoms and cognition of participants . This is an encouraging finding after a relatively short period . Further study is necessary to confirm these results , determine sustainability and optimal delivery methods WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT ? : To stimulate reminiscence of older adults with dementia performed individually or through group sessions is a well-known practice in nursing homes result ing in effects on behaviour and well-being as an alternative for medication . Robust scientific proof of the effectiveness of individual reminiscence therapy performed in nursing homes is sparse . WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ? : We have provided individual st and ardized reminiscence therapy to residents with dementia . The therapy was developed and tested in a previous study and performed in this study by trained nursing home volunteers . In comparison with a control group who received usual care , residents who received the reminiscence therapy showed significant less depressive symptoms . Moreover , residents were , in general , attentive , open and collaborative during the sessions and volunteers experienced the sessions as useful and pleasant . WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATION S FOR PRACTICE ? : Individual reminiscence therapy can be learned and used by nursing home volunteers to improve care in nursing homes . ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the effect of a st and ardized individualized intervention based on the SolCos transformational reminiscence model on depressive symptoms ( primary outcome ) , cognition and behaviour ( secondary outcomes ) for older people with mild to moderate dementia , performed by trained nursing home volunteers as facilitators . Background Because of limited pharmacological treatment options for older adults with dementia relevant physical , sensory , psychological or social interventions offer alternative opportunities . Method R and omized controlled trial ( IS RCT N74355073 ) was set up in two nursing homes with 29 and 31 residents in the intervention and the control groups respectively . Eighteen nursing home volunteers were trained to perform the reminiscence therapy . Various assessment scales were measured pre- and post-sessions . Results Linear regression analysis showed an impact on depressive symptoms . However , no impact was identified on cognition and behaviour . Facilitators experienced the sessions as useful and pleasant , and study participants were , in general , attentive , open and collaborative . Discussion Study results showed that organizing st and ardized individual reminiscence therapy with nursing home volunteers was feasible and study participants ' attention and participation were overall good . Further study initiatives to explore the potential of individual reminiscence therapy within a person-centred framework are recommended in order to improve care in nursing homes BACKGROUND Elderly people with cognitive impairments are often associated with depressed mood and are heavy consumers in both medical services and need in caregivers . Reminiscence is believed to be effective in improving the cognition and mood of demented people . OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that structured group reminiscence therapy can prevent the progression of cognitive impairment and enhance affective function in the cognitively impaired elderly . METHODS A r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) based on a two group pre- and post-test design was used . The experimental subjects underwent eight group sessions , one session per week . The measurements were performed using Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) , Geriatric Depression Scale short form ( GDS-SF ) , and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia ( CSDD ) . RESULTS The sample consisted of 102 subjects , with 51 in the experimental group and 51 in the control group . Results demonstrated that the intervention significantly affected cognitive function and affective function as measured by MMSE and CSDD ( p = 0.015 and 0.026 ) , indicating that the cognitive function of the experimental subjects increased and their depressive symptoms diminished following intervention . CONCLUSION Participation in reminiscence activities can be a positive and valuable experience for demented older persons . Consequently , the development of a structured care program for elderly persons with cognitive impairment and the need for long-term care is essential . Thus , health providers in long-term care facilities should be trained in reminiscence group therapy , and to be able to deliver such a program to the targeted group BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of the potential use of reminiscence in maintaining or improving the quality of life  of people with dementia . Despite being used widely in dementia care , evidence on the effectiveness of reminiscence remains uncertain . AIMS This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured education-based reminiscence programme-the Dementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff-for  people with dementia residing in long-stay care setting s in Irel and . METHODS Dementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff is a two-group , single-blind , cluster r and omised trial conducted in long-stay residential care setting s in Irel and . The primary outcome was the self-rated quality of life of residents as measured by the Quality of Life-Alzheimer 's Disease instrument . RESULTS Using an intention-to-treat analysis , we found that the estimated effect of the intervention on the quality of life of residents was a non-significant 3.54 ( p = 0.1 ; 95 % confidence interval -0.83 , 7.90 ) , expressed as the difference in mean improvement between the intervention and control groups . However , the per- protocol analysis yielded a significant effect for the intervention on the quality of life of residents of 5.22 ( p = 0.04 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.11 , 10.34 ) . CONCLUSIONS Reminiscence may , in certain circumstances , be an effective care option for people with dementia in long-stay setting s with potential to impact positively on the quality of life of residents The purpose of this study was , conducted with experimental design , to investigate the effect of reminiscence therapy on cognition , depression , activities of daily living of institutionalized mild and moderate Alzheimer patients . The study was conducted with a total of 62 patients ( 31 intervention group and 31 control group ) in four home care in Ankara , Turkey . Study was done between the July 1 , 2013 and December 20 , 2014 . Reminiscence therapy sessions were held with groups consists of 4 - 5 patients , once a week with 30 - 35 minute duration for 12 weeks . St and ardized Mini Mental Test was used in sample selection . Patients were listed through their mini mental test scores , and r and omized as odd numbers to control group and even numbers to intervention group . Data were collected with forms developed by research er ‘ Data Sheet ’ and ‘ Activities of Daily Living Follow-up Form ’ as well as scales ‘ St and ardized Mini Mental Test ’ and ‘ Geriatric Depression Scale ’ . Chi-square , Mann Whitney-U test , variance analyses in repeated measures and Bonferroni tests were used for analysis . The increase in mean St and ardized Mini Mental Test score and the decrease in mean Geriatric Depression Scale score of the individuals in the inter 
    Output:
    
CONCLUSION Reminiscence therapy is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to improve depressive symptoms in older adults with dementia .