***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) , saline infusion sonography ( SIS ) , and office hysteroscopy ( OHS ) for detecting intracavitary abnormalities in women with or without abnormal uterine bleeding ( AUB ) . DESIGN Prospect i ve double-blind study . SETTING Zekai Tahir Burak Women 's Health Education and Research Hospital , Gynecology Clinic ( Ankara , Turkey ) . PATIENT(S ) A total of 26 women with AUB and 24 women without AUB were enrolled in this study . INTERVENTION(S ) Transvaginal sonography , SIS , and OHS were performed on women scheduled for hysterectomy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Sensitivity , specificity , and positive and negative predictive values of TVS , SIS , and OHS to detect intracavitary abnormalities ( with histopathologic findings used as the gold st and ard ) , duration of procedure , and pain scores . RESULT ( S ) The sensitivity and specificity of TVS , SIS , and OHS  in detecting intracavitary abnormalities were 56.3 % and 72 % , 81.3 % and 100 % , and 87.5 % and 100 % , respectively . The prevalence of endometrial polyps was not different in women with and without AUB . Saline infusion sonography was less painful than OHS ( pain scores of 4.3 and 7.2 , respectively ) . CONCLUSION ( S ) The diagnostic accuracy of SIS was equal to that of OHS in diagnosing intracavitary abnormalities . Moreover , SIS was less painful than OHS for patients Objective To evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) and saline infusion sonohysterography ( SIS ) for detection of uterine cavity abnormalities  in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding ( AUB ) taking hysteroscopy as the gold st and ard . Methods This was a prospect i ve study done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care academic hospital . Sixty premenopausal and postmenopausal women who presented with AUB underwent TVS , SIS , and hysteroscopy . The presence of focal abnormality and the type of abnormality , i.e. , polyp , submucous myoma , and endometrial hyperplasia , were noted . The results of TVS and SIS were compared with hysteroscopy . Results On hysteroscopy , 76.67 % ( n = 46 ) patients were diagnosed with intra cavity abnormalities . SIS showed sensitivity , specificity , PPV , and NPV of 89.1 , 100 , 100 , and 73.7 % , respectively . In comparison , TVS showed sensitivity , specificity , PPV , and NPV of 43.48 , 78.57 , 86.96 , and 29.73 % , respectively . Conclusions SIS was found to be more sensitive and specific than TVS in detection of intra cavity abnormalities We aim ed to compare the accuracy of transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) , saline infusion sonohysterography ( SIS ) and hysteroscopy ( HS ) for uterine pathologies among infertile women . A total of 346 patients were selected for  operative hysteroscopy , following SIS after TVS . SİS was performed with a Cook Soft 500 IVF catheter . Sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values ( PPV , NPV ) were calculated to compare the accuracy of TVS , SIS and hysteroscopy for uterine abnormalities . SIS showed a sensitivity of 87 % , specificity of 100 % and PPV of 100 % for endometrial hyperplasia , and a sensitivity and NPV of 100 % for polypoid lesions . For submucosal myoma SIS showed a sensitivity of 99 % with PPV of 96 % . Hysteroscopy had a sensitivity , specificity , PPV and NPV of 98 % , 83 % , 96 % and 91 % , respectively for overall uterine pathologies . Finally , SIS seems to be superior to TVS , for uterine pathologies , with respect to hysteroscopy as the gold st and ard STUDY QUESTION Can morphologic measurements ( width , length and surface area ) of the uterine septum predict healing-dependent abnormal anatomic results [ ARs ; residual septum ( RS ) and intrauterine adhesions in other locations ( IUA-OLs ) ] after complete hysteroscopic metroplasty ( HM ) ? SUMMARY ANSWER Significant predictors of ARs are the septal width and , to a lesser extent , septal surface area . WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Anatomic results after hysteroscopic metroplasty have very large variation . A RS > 1 cm and IUA-OLs can aggravate reproductive outcomes , result ing in the need for reoperation . New criteria for diagnosing a uterine septum according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology ( ESHRE ) and European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy ( ESGE ) have been suggested ( ESHRE-ESGE criteria ) . Autocross-linked hyaluronic acid gel ( autocross-linked polysaccharide ) has an antiadhesive effect . STUDY DESIGN , SIZE , DURATION A prospect i ve , observational cohort study was performed with 96 women consecutively enrolled between 2007 and 2012 . PARTICIPANTS / MATERIAL S , SETTING , METHODS Women who had uterine septum and previous miscarriage or infertility presented for evaluation at a university hospital , private hospital or private medical center were included . Preoperative septal width , length and surface area were determined with three-dimensional sonohysterography . Women were treated by hysteroscopy in a st and ardized manner with three- or four-dimensional transrectal ultrasound guidance ( complete resection ) . Patients received either  no adhesion barrier  ( 49 patients ) or adhesion barrier with autocross-linked polysaccharide  ( 47 patients ) . Anatomic results were assessed with three-dimensional sonohysterography and second-look hysteroscopy . Healing-dependent ARs were reported using both American Society of Reproductive Medicine ( ASRM ) criterion of RS length > 1 cm ( ASRM>1 cm criterion ) and ESHRE-ESGE criteria . Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of RS , IUA-OLs and ARs . MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE In patients who had no adhesion barrier , ARs were diagnosed in 11 of 49 patients ( 23 % ) using the ASRM > 1 cm criterion and in 20 of 49 patients ( 41 % ) using the ESHRE-ESGE criteria for RS [ odds ratio (OR)ESHRE-ESGE : ASRM , 2.4 , P = 0.05 ] . In the patients who had autocross-linked polysaccharide , ARsASRM > 1 cm were diagnosed in 2 of 47 patients ( 4 % ) and ARsESHRE-ESGE in 4 of 47 patients ( 9 % ) . RSESHRE-ESGE was diagnosed significantly more often than RSASRM > 1 cm 19 of 96 ( 20 % ) versus 5 of 96 ( 5 % ) in all patients ( ORESHRE-ESGE : ASRM > 1 cm = 4.5 , P < 0.01 ) . In patients who had no adhesion barrier , logistic regression with ASRM > 1 cm and ESHRE-ESGE criteria showed that the width and surface area were predictors of ARs . Models adjusted by patient group confirmed the significance of width as a predictor of ARsASRM > 1 cm [ OR for width , 3.5 ( P < 0.01 ) ; OR for group , 0.22 ( P < 0.01 ) ] , width as a predictor of ARsESHRE-ESGE [ OR for width , 2.2 ( P < 0.01 ) ; OR for group , 0.26 ( P < 0.01 ) ] and surface area as a predictor of ARsASRM > 1 cm [ OR for surface area , 1.5 ( P < 0.01 ) ] ; OR for group , 0.32 ( P < 0.01 ) . In patients who had autocross-linked polysaccharide , these predictors were not significant . Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed cutoff values for ARsASRM > 1 cm ( septal width , 3.42 cm ; septal surface area , 4.68cm2 ) and ARsESHRE-ESGE ( septal width , 3.42 cm ; septal surface area , 3.51cm2 ) . LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION Patients were enrolled in the adhesion barrier group in a time-dependent , consecutive and non-r and omized manner . WIDER IMPLICATION S OF THE FINDINGS A wide septum and large surface area may be indications for adhesion barrier . The use of autocross-linked polysaccharide reduces the risk of ARs . The ESHRE-ESGE criteria may cause greater frequency of recognition of RS than the ASRM > 1 cm criterion , which could result in more frequent reoperations with use of the ESHRE-ESGE criteria , possibly without any significant effect on reproductive performance . STUDY FUNDING /COMPETING INTEREST(S ) This work was supported by Jagiellonian University ( grant no. K/ZDS/003821 ) . The authors have no competing interest to declare In this prospect i ve study , 139 patients , 83 premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and 56 postmenopausal patients either with metrorrhagia ( 33 ) or a suspect sonographic finding ( 23 ) , were examined preoperatively with transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) and saline contrast hysterosonography ( SCHS ) . The histological results , obtained by hysteroscopy , were compared with the preoperative findings . Uterine pathology ( benign polyps , submucous fibroids , endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma ) was found in 74.7 % and 76.8 % of the pre- and postmenopausal patients , respectively . TVS and  SCHS  are very sensitive at diagnosing uterine pathology , the latter being more specific and enabling better surgical management and a reduction in unnecessary interventions Objective To assess the usefulness of transabdominal sonohysterography in the diagnosis and evaluation of submucous myomas . Methods Fifty-two premenopausal women hospitalized for hysterectomy for benign gynecologic indications under-went preoperative conventional transvaginal sonography , transabdominal sonohysterography , and hysteroscopy .  The results of the three techniques in terms of diagnosis , size , intracavitary growth , and location of the submucous myomas were compared with those revealed by direct inspection of the surgical specimens . Results Conventional transvaginal sonography for the diagnosis of submucous myomas had a sensitivity of 90 % and a specificity of 98 % ; the predictive values of abnormal and normal scans were 90 and 98 % , respectively . Transabdominal sonohysterography had sensitivity , specificity , and predictive values of 100 % , as did hysteroscopy . In all cases , the sonographic techniques measured tumor size more accurately than did hysteroscopy . The transabdominal sonohysterography measurements differed from direct evaluation by no more than 2 mm , and the hysteroscopic measurements were significantly different from those of the surgical specimens . The sonohysterographic evaluation of intrauterine growth was significantly more precise than that of the other techniques , differing from direct measurements by no more than 5–10 % . Conventional transvaginal sonography failed to localize three of 11 myomas ; hysteroscopy and  transabdominal sonohysterography provided the exact location in all cases . Conclusion Transabdominal sonohysterography is the most accurate technique for detecting submucous myomas and evaluating their size , intracavitary growth , and location OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography ( SHG ) in uterine cavity diseases in infertile patients , comparing its results with those of hysterosalpingography ( HSG ) and transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) . Hysteroscopy was the gold st and ard . DESIGN Descriptive , prospect i ve study . SETTING A tertiary university referral center . PATIENT(S ) Sixty-five infertile women 19 to 43 years of age . INTERVENTION(S ) Patients underwent SHG , conventional TVS , HSG , and hysteroscopy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) The results of each examination were compared with those obtained by the gold st and ard . The following diagnoses were considered separately : polypoid lesions , uterine malformations , intrauterine adhesions , and endometrial hyperplasia ( EH ) . Sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive values ( PPV and NPV , respectively ) , and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated . RESULT ( S ) Sonohysterography had the same diagnostic accuracy as the gold st and ard for polypoid lesions and EH , with no equivocal diagnosis . Hysterosalpingography showed a sensitivity of 50 % and a PPV of 28.6 % for polypoid lesions and a sensitivity of 0 % for EH . Transvaginal sonography had both sensitivity and PPV of 75 % for polypoid lesions and EH . For uterine malformations , SHG had a sensitivity of  
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CONCLUSIONS 2D-SCSH proved to be a highly sensitive method for detection of endometrial polyps and submucosal uterine leiomyomas , making it a potential first-line diagnostic method in the work-up for women with abnormal uterine bleeding .