***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This study was conducted to compare the diagnoses and specimen adequacy of the ThinPrep ( Cytyc Corporation , Boxborough , MA , USA ) and conventional Papanicolaou preparation methods for cervical cytology . Cervical specimens from 972 patients from our gynecology clinic were analyzed . A single sample of the uterine cervix taken from each patient was first used to prepare the conventional Papanicolaou smear . Afterward , the residual tissue on the sampling device was rinsed into a fluid preservative from which two slides were prepared by means of the ThinPrep method . Conventional and ThinPrep slides were examined independently . Cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were classified according to the Bethesda System . The diagnoses based on the ThinPrep and conventional smears matched in 939 ( 96.6 % ) cases . Low- grade squamous epithelial or higher grade lesions were detected with at least one of the methods in 59 cases and with both methods in 42 cases . Fifteen more cases of low- grade squamous epithelial or higher grade lesions ( 58 vs 43 ; p < 0.001 ) and 10 more cases of high- grade squamous epithelial lesions or carcinoma ( 42 vs 32 ; p = 0.006 ) , were detected with ThinPrep than with conventional smears . The ThinPrep method yielded a higher rate of specimens that were satisfactory for cytologic examination than the conventional smears ( 89.8 % vs 70.9 % , p < 0.001 ) . The detection rate of infectious agents was also higher with the ThinPrep method ( 14.9 % vs 6.6 % ; p < 0.001 ) . The reproducibility rate of the twin slides prepared with the ThinPrep method was greater than 99 % . In conclusion , the ThinPrep method yielded a significantly higher positive detection rate of cervical abnormalities and more satisfactory specimens than conventional Papanicolaou smears The authors compared the accuracy of conventionally prepared smears and smears prepared by an automated , fluid-based , thin-layer processing device in the detection of cytologic abnormalities . A total of 3218 patients from five centers took part in this study , in which a single cervical sample was split into a matched pair . The conventional smear was made in the routine fashion ; the remainder of the cells on the sampling device were rinsed into a transport-fixation fluid . A slide was then prepared from the solution using the thin-layer processor . Diagnostic findings identified on the two preparations were compared in a blinded fashion , and a discrepancy resolution procedure was used to eliminate screening differences . Overall , there was a high correlation in the diagnoses of the two methods . For low- grade or more severe disease , the thin-layer method result ed in a 13 % increase in the rate of detection , as compared with the conventional Papanicolaou smear technique OBJECTIVE To obtain preliminary data on the Roche CytoRich thin-layer system for the preparation of gynecologic cytology specimens , derived from a pre clinical startup evaluation of the instrument and comparing the CytoRich method to conventional smears . STUDY DESIGN At six different clinical sites , 286 pairs of conventional and CytoRich slides derived from the same patient sample were compared for the following : final Bethesda classification diagnosis , specimen adequacy and presence of microorganisms . RESULTS The study showed agreement between the methods for an exact Bethesda diagnosis in 78 % and agreement within one Bethesda diagnosis category in 95 % . The CytoRich method diagnosed more cases of squamous intraepithelial lesion ( SIL ) than did the conventional method , and the differences in SIL detection were statistically significant . The CytoRich method identified similar numbers of cases with microorganisms as did the conventional smears , and the CytoRich system improved overall specimen adequacy as compared to the conventional method , with fewer cases of unsatisfactory and less-than-optimal smears . CONCLUSION The CytoRich method may improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the cervical cytology procedure . Clinical trials to verify these preliminary data are ongoing OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of the ThinPrep method , an automated , fluid-based technique for the collection and preparation of exfoliated and aspirated cells in cervical cytology . STUDY DESIGN A total of 251 patients participated . From each patient a sample was obtained by scraping with a wooden spatula , split and prepared with both conventional Papanicolaou and ThinPrep methods . In the ThinPrep processor , epithelial cells were homogenized in a vial of preservative solution and r and omly sample d onto a microscopic slide . From a single vial of sample suspension a series of 10 ThinPrep slides of the same quality were made . All cells were concentrated within an approximately 20-mm-diameter circle in a uniform , thin layer on the ThinPrep slide . RESULTS Twenty-five percent of the screening area , 10 % of the epithelial cells observed and 50 % of the screening time were required to arrive at a final diagnosis as compared with the Papanicolaou smear . Virtually complete concurrence was ascertained between the Papanicolaou and ThinPrep diagnoses , for direct agreement of 95.3 % and agreement within one diagnostic grade of 99.5 % . CONCLUSION An overall improvement was ascertained in the preparation of microscopic slides and the recognition of abnormal cells with the ThinPrep method OBJECTIVE To compare the cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy of the ThinPrep Pap Test with historical data within a distinct patient population to assess test performance and its impact on clinical practice . STUDY DESIGN A total of 16,314 ThinPrep Pap tests were processed and evaluated at Fletcher Allen Health Care over a seven-month period . A subset of 8,574 tests from a selected provider group ( cohort ) was compared to the  historical conventional cervical cytologic smear data  from the cohort population for both cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy . The cohort consisted of 12 practice groups , including 60 physicians and providers , utilizing the  ThinPrep Pap Test as their primary cervical cancer screening sampling technique . Cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were classified using the Bethesda system . RESULTS Using a three-tiered diagnostic system similar to the Cytyc clinical trials ( within normal limits [ WNL ] , atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS]/atypical gl and ular cells of undetermined significance [ AGUS ] and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and higher [LSIL]+ ) , the ThinPrep method increased the percentage of cases that could be definitively diagnosed as WNL by 1.71 % , lowered the percentage of ambiguous or borderline cases diagnosed as ASCUS/AGUS by 26.59 % and increased the percentage of cases diagnostic of LSIL+ by 52.15 % in the cohort population . Further subdivision by the Bethesda classification showed that the identification of infectious agents increased 25.51 % and the detection of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/carcinoma increased 55.14 % . Concurrently , cases reported as benign cellular changes ( reactive/reparative ) decreased 23.1 % , and the percentage of cases reported as unsatisfactory/"limited by ... " was reduced 52.71 % . Histologic correlation of cases reported as squamous intraepithelial lesion revealed that the percentage of patients with subsequent benign biopsies was reduced by 31.7 % utilizing the ThinPrep technique . Further , the percentage of ThinPrep patients with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) 1 and CIN 2/3 increased by 16.3 % and 9.3 % , respectively . CONCLUSION Implementation of the ThinPrep Pap Test result ed in statistically significant improvements in both diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy , as seen by others in clinical trials . Comparison of results to historical data within a cohort population reinforced earlier data and lent further support to the cl aim that the ThinPrep Pap Test is " significantly more effective " than the conventional smear in clinical practice OBJECTIVE To compare the CytoRich system with conventional cervical cytology  in a university medical center hospital laboratory . STUDY DESIGN The CytoRich system combines liquid preservation , selective reduction of blood/inflammation , thin-layer preparation and discrete staining . Two thous and thirty-two parallel conventional and CytoRich sample s were examined as part of a multicenter trial of the  CytoRich/AutoCyte systems .  Same-patient conventional and CytoRich slides were su bmi tted to separate cytotechnologists blindly . The results were compared , and all nonmatching sample pairs were review ed again . A consensus diagnosis was derived for all cases . The initial readings of the CytoRich and conventional smears were compared with each other and with the consensus diagnosis . RESULTS Of the 148 squamous intraepithelial lesions ( SILs ) found by either method , 85 % were found by CytoRich , while only 58.5 % were found by conventional smear . As compared with the consensus diagnosis , CytoRich slides had 86.7 % sensitivity for SIL and 99.1 % specificity , while the conventional slides had 63.6 % sensitivity and 99.7 % specificity . Consensus review result ed in upgrading to SIL in 1.8 % of conventional slides and 1.4 % of CytoRich slides . The biopsy correlation results were similar for the two methods . CONCLUSION The CytoRich system affords excellent cellular presentations and superior sensitivity for SILs when compared to the conventional technique OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of thin-layer cytology with Autocyte PREP ( TriPath Imaging Inc. , Burlington , North Carolina , U.S.A. ) with conventional smears in 500 women undergoing cervical cone biopsy .  STUDY DESIGN The study was performed among 500 consecutive women presenting for cone biopsy for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) on biopsy in 350 ( 70 % ) and discrepant cytology/colpohistology in 150 ( 30 % ) . Before performing a cone biopsy , two cervical sample s were collected for conventional smears and thin-layer cytologic slides , with r and omization of the order . Conventional smears were stained and diagnosed at Pasteur Cerba , while thin-layer cytologic slides were processed at a local TriPath office ( Meylan , France ) and sent in a masked fashion for screening at Pasteur Cerba . Any slides initially read as normal were review ed again and reported without knowledge of the other cytologic or cone biopsy data . The final cytologic diagnoses for the two methods were compared with histopathology of the cone biopsy . RESULTS The conventional smear was unsatisfactory in 58 ( 11.6 % ) of cases , while there were 4 ( 0.8 % ) unsatisfactory thin-layer cytologic slides ( P < .001 ) . Endocervical cells were missing from 31 ( 6.2 % ) of conventional smears and 34 ( 6.8 % ) of thin-layer cytologic slides . For the pooled data , sensitivities of conventional smear and thin layer for detecting high grade CIN ( 0.82 % and 0.86 % , respectively ) were similar as were specificities ( 0.40 % and 0.43 % , respectively ) . When first sample s were compared , the sensitivities of the conventional smear and thin layer for high grade CIN were 0.79 % and 0.89 % , respectively ( P = .02 ) , with corresponding specificities of 0.41 % and 0.36 % ( P < .01 ) . CONCLUSION When controlled for sample order , the sensitivity of thin-layer cytology for detecting high grade CIN was significantly higher than that of conventional smears in patients with previous abnormal cytology , but at the expense of specificity OBJECTIVE To compare ThinPrep ( TP ) Papanicolaou smears ( Cytyc Corp. , Box-borough , Massachusetts , U.S.A. ) with matching conventional Papanicolaou ( CP ) smears for specimen adequacy , cytologic quality , diagnostic accuracy and screening time . STUDY DESIGN In this prospect i ve study of 1,024 women a split- sample , matched-pair design in favor of CP slides based on single-blind criteria was followed with a smear on a glass slide for CP and the remaining material collected in Preserv-Cyt solution ( Cytyc ) for a TP smear . A Cytobrush ( Medsc and , Hollywood , Florida , U.S.A. ) was used for smear preparation for CP . TP smears were processed in ThinPrep 2000 ( Cytyc ) . Smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain and were interpreted according to the Bethesda system . RESULTS The number of satisfactory but limited ( SBL ) cases with TP were 77 ( 7.5 % ) as compared to 127 ( 12.4 % ) with the CP method . This reduction in SBL smears with the TP method and consequent increase in satisfactory smears were highly significant ( P < .001 ) by McNemar 's test . As regards unsatisfactory smears in discordant pairs , although the number of unsatisfactory smears was higher with TP ( 41 cases ) as against CP ( 27 cases ) , the difference was not statistically significant ( P < .05 ) . The split- sample method showed a high correlation between the CP and TP diagnoses . TP smears had a significant advantage over CP smears in the reduction in the number of ASCUS and AGUS cases ( 14 vs. 29 ) ( P < .05 ) and increased the pickup rate of LSIL , 6 vs. 1 . Time taken to screen the TP sm 
    Output:
    
INTERPRETATION We saw no evidence that liquid-based cytology reduced the proportion of unsatisfactory slides , or detected more high- grade lesions in high- quality studies , than conventional cytology .
This review does not lend support to cl aims of better performance by liquid-based cytology .