***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE In a series of trials , doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( ABVD ) and mechlorethamine , vincristine , procarbazine , prednisone , doxorubicin , bleomycin , and vinblastine ( MOPP/ABV ) have been identified as effective treatments for Hodgkin 's disease . We compared these regimens as initial chemotherapy for Hodgkin 's disease . PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients ( N = 856 ) with advanced Hodgkin 's disease were r and omly assigned to treatment with ABVD or MOPP/ABV . The major end points were failure-free and overall survival , life-threatening acute toxicities , and serious long-term toxicities , including cardiomyopathy , pulmonary toxicity , myelodysplastic syndromes ( MDS ) , and secondary malignancies . RESULTS The rates of complete remission ( 76 % v 80 % , P = .16 ) , failure-free survival at 5 years ( 63 % v 66 % , P = .42 ) , and overall survival at 5 years ( 82 % v 81 % , P = .82 ) were similar for ABVD and MOPP/ABV , respectively . Clinical ly significant acute pulmonary and hematologic toxicity were more common with MOPP/ABV ( P = .060 and .001 , respectively ) . There was no difference in cardiac toxicity . There were 24 deaths attributed to initial treatment : nine with ABVD and 15 with MOPP/ABV ( P = .057 ) . There have been 18 second malignancies associated with ABVD and 28 associated with MOPP/ABV ( P = .13 ) . Thirteen patients have developed MDS or acute leukemia : 11 were initially treated with MOPP/ABV , and two were initially treated with ABVD but subsequently received MOPP-containing regimens and radiotherapy before developing leukemia ( P = .011 ) . CONCLUSION ABVD and the MOPP/ABV hybrid are effective therapies for Hodgkin 's disease . MOPP/ABV is associated with a greater incidence of acute toxicity , MDS , and leukemia .  ABVD should be considered the st and ard regimen for treatment of advanced Hodgkin 's disease BACKGROUND High-dose chemotherapy followed by transplantation of autologous haemopoietic stem cells ( BEAM-HSCT ) is frequently used to treat patients with relapsed Hodgkin 's disease . We aim ed to compare this treatment with conventional aggressive chemotherapy without stem-cell transplantation ( Dexa-BEAM ) . METHODS 161 patients between 16 and 60 years of age with relapsed Hodgkin 's disease were r and omly assigned two cycles of Dexa-BEAM ( dexamethasone and carmustine , etoposide , cytarabine , and melphalan ) and either two further courses of Dexa-BEAM or high-dose BEAM and transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells . Only patients with chemosensitive disease ( complete or partial remission after two courses of Dexa-BEAM ) proceeded to further treatment . The primary endpoint was freedom from treatment failure for patients with chemosensitive disease . Analysis was per protocol . FINDINGS 17 patients were excluded from the study after r and omisation ( ten given Dexa-BEAM and seven given BEAM-HSCT ) . Median follow-up was 39 months ( IQR 3 - 78 ) . Freedom from treatment failure at 3 years was significantly better for patients given BEAM-HSCT ( 55 % ) than for those on Dexa-BEAM ( 34 % ; difference -21 % , 95 % CI -39.87 to -2.13 ; p=0.019 ) . Overall survival of patients given either treatment did not differ significantly . INTERPRETATION High-dose BEAM and transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells improves freedom from treatment failure in patients with chemosensitive first relapse of Hodgkin 's disease irrespective of length of initial remission BACKGROUND Roughly 70 - 80 % of patients with advanced stage Hodgkin 's lymphoma are cured with various first-line and second-line treatments , including ABVD , BEACOPP , and stem-cell transplantation . Brentuximab vedotin has shown significant clinical activity , with a manageable safety profile , in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin 's lymphoma . We aim ed to assess the safety and early clinical efficacy of this drug as first-line treatment in combination with st and ard or modified-st and ard treatment in patients with previously untreated Hodgkin 's lymphoma . METHODS We did a phase 1 , open-label , dose-escalation safety study comparing brentuximab vedotin in combination with st and ard ( ABVD ) or a modified-st and ard ( AVD ) treatment . Patients were enrolled into the groups sequentially . Main entry criteria were newly diagnosed , treatment-naive , CD30-positive patients with Hodgkin 's lymphoma who had histologically confirmed stage IIA bulky disease or stage IIB-IV disease and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or less . Patients received doses of 0·6 , 0·9 , or 1·2 mg/kg brentuximab vedotin by intravenous infusion every 2 weeks with either ABVD ( 25 mg/m(2 ) doxorubicin , 10 units/m(2 ) bleomycin , 6 mg/m(2 ) vinblastine , and 375 mg/m(2 ) dacarbazine ) or AVD ( ABVD modified regimen without the inclusion of bleomycin ) for up to six cycles . Our primary objectives were to assess the safety profile and establish the maximum tolerated dose ( MTD ) of brentuximab vedotin in combination with ABVD and AVD . The safety profile and MTD was assessed for the safety population . The study has completed and the final analysis is presented . This study was registered with Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT01060904 . FINDINGS Between Jan 29 , 2010 , and Sept 17 , 2012 , 51 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of brentuximab vedotin . The maximum tolerated dose of brentuximab vedotin when combined with ABVD or AVD was not exceeded at 1·2 mg/kg . 21 ( 95 % ) of 22 patients given brentuximab vedotin and ABVD achieved complete remission , as did 24 ( 96 % ) of 25 patients given brentuximab vedotin and AVD . Adverse events were generally grade 1 or 2 ; however , an unacceptable number of patients in the brentuximab vedotin and ABVD groups had pulmonary toxic effects ( 11 [ 44 % ] of 25 ) , which exceeded the historical incidence for ABVD alone . No patients experienced pulmonary toxic effects when treated with brentuximab vedotin plus AVD . The most common grade 3 or worse events were neutropenia ( 20 [ 80 % ] of 25 patients in the brentuximab vedotin and ABVD group vs 20 [ 77 % ] of 26 patients in the brentuximab vedotin and AVD  group ) , anaemia ( five [ 20 % ] vs three [ 12 % ] ) , febrile neutropenia ( five [ 20 % ] vs two [ 8 % ] ) , pulmonary toxic effects ( six [ 24 % ] vs 0 ) , syncope ( three [ 12 % ] vs two [ 8 % ] ) , dyspnoea ( three [ 12 % ] vs one [  4  % ] ) , pulmonary embolism ( three [ 12 % ] vs 0 ) , fatigue ( one [ 4 % ] each ) , and leucopenia ( one [ 4 % ] each ) . Serious events occured in 41 % of all patients ( 14 [ 56 % ] in the brentuximab vedotin and ABVD group and seven [ 27 % ] in the brentuximab vedotin and AVD group ) . Serious events occurring in 10 % of patients or more overall were febrile neutropenia ( four [ 16 % ] in the brentuximab vedotin and ABVD group vs two [ 8 % ] in the brentuximab vedotin and AVD group ) , and , in the brentuximab vedotin and ABVD group only , pulmonary toxic effects ( six [ 24 % ] ) . INTERPRETATION Brentuximab vedotin should not be given with bleomycin in general or specifically as first-line therapy for patients with treatment naive , advanced stage Hodgkin 's lymphoma . 1·2 mg/kg brentuximab vedotin combined with AVD given every 2 weeks was generally well tolerated by patients . At present , a phase 3 trial comparing brentuximab vedotin plus AVD to ABVD alone is ongoing ( Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT01712490 ) and will formally assess whether brentuximab vedotin plus AVD might redefine therapy in treatment-naive patients with Hodgkin 's lymphoma . FUNDING Seattle Genetics Inc and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International PURPOSE To evaluate prospect ively the feasibility and efficacy of early intensive therapy , including intensified cytoreductive chemotherapy ( CT ) and high-dose CT ( HDCT ) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation ( ASCT ) , in patients with advanced Hodgkin 's disease ( HD ) who failed to respond completely or relapsed after initial treatment . PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 533 eligible patients with newly diagnosed stage IIIB-IV HD enrolled in the H89 trial , all 157 patients with induction failure ( IF ) ( n = 67 ) , partial response ( PR ) of less than 75 % ( n = 22 ) , or relapse ( n = 68 ) were included in this study . Planned salvage therapy included mitoguazone , ifosfamide , vinorelbine , and etoposide monthly for two to three cycles followed by high-dose carmustine , etoposide , cytarabine , and melphalan with ASCT . RESULTS With a median follow-up of 50 months , the 5-year survival estimates were 30 % , 72 % , and 76 % for the IF , PR , and relapse groups , respectively ( P = .0001 ) , 71 % for the 101 patients given HDCT , and 32 % for the 48 patients treated without HDCT ( P = .0001 ) . Multivariate analysis using time-dependent Cox model indicated that B symptoms at progression , salvage without HDCT , and chemoresistant disease before HDCT were significantly associated with shorter overall survival . CONCLUSION Early intensive therapy improves the outcomes of patients with advanced HD who failed to respond completely to initial treatment and those who relapsed with adverse prognostic factors . However , for patients with IF and chemoresistant disease , this approach remains unsatisfactory Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is employed in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin 's lymphoma . In this setting , transplant-related mortality is particularly high . Fludarabine-melphalan as a preparative regimen for reduced-intensity conditioning appears to be associated with a significant reduction in transplant-related mortality . Background The role of reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin ’s lymphoma remains poorly defined . We here present an up date of our single-center experience with fludarabine-melphalan as a preparative regimen . Design and Methods Fifty-eight patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin ’s lymphoma underwent RIC and allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a matched related donor ( MRD ; n=25 ) or a matched unrelated donor ( MUD ; n=33 ) . Forty-eight ( 83 % ) had undergone prior autologous stem cell transplantation . Disease status at transplant was refractory relapse ( n=28 ) or sensitive relapse ( n=30 ) . Results Cumulative day 100 and 2-year transplant-related mortality rates were 7 % and 15 % , respectively ( day 100 transplant-related mortality MRD vs. MUD 8 % vs. 6 % , p = ns ; 2-year MRD vs. MUD 13 % vs. 16 % , p = ns ) . The cumulative incidence of acute ( grade II – IV ) graft-versus-host disease in the first 100 days was 28 % ( MRD vs. MUD 12 % vs. 39 % , p=0.04 ) . The cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease at any time was 73 % ( MRD vs. MUD 57 % vs. 85 % , p=0.006 ) . Projected 2-year overall and progression-free survival rates are 64 % ( 49–76 % ) and 32 % ( 20–45 % ) , with 2-year disease progression/relapse at 55 % ( 43–70 % ) . There was no statistically significant differences in overall survival progression-free survival , and disease progression/relapse between MRD and MUD transplants . There was a trend for the response status pretransplant to have a favorable impact on progression-free survival ( p=0.07 ) and disease progression/relapse ( p=0.049 ) , but not on overall survival ( p=0.4 ) Conclus 
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EXPERT OPINION The introduction of BV in clinical practice has significantly improved the management of post-AUTO-SCT relapses and the drug can induce durable remissions in a subset of R/R HL .
However , reduced tumor burden at the time of ALLO-SCT is a key factor to decrease relapse risk .