***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate ( PKEP ) has recently been proved a safe and technically feasible procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . However , its long-term safety , efficacy , and durability in comparison with the gold-st and ard transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) have not yet been reported . OBJECTIVE To report the 3-yr follow-up results of a prospect i ve , r and omised clinical trial comparing PKEP with st and ard TURP for symptomatic BPH . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 204 patients with bladder outflow obstruction ( BOO ) secondary to BPH were prospect ively r and omised 1:1 into either the PKEP group or the TURP group . INTERVENTION The patients in each group underwent the procedure accordingly . MEASUREMENTS All patients were assessed perioperatively and followed at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , and 36 mo postoperatively . The preoperative and postoperative parameters included International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , quality of life ( QoL ) scores , the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) question naire , maximum urinary flow rates ( Q(max ) ) , transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-assessed prostate volume , postvoid residual urine ( PVRU ) volume , and serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level . Patient baseline characteristics , perioperative data , and postoperative outcomes were compared . All complications were recorded . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS PKEP was significantly superior to TURP in terms of the drop in haemoglobin ( 0.74±0.33 g/dl vs 1.88±1.06 g/dl ; p<0.001 ) , intraoperative irrigation volume ( 11.7±4.5 l vs 15.4±6.2 l ; p<0.001 ) , postoperative irrigation volume and time ( 18.5±7.6 l vs. 30.0±11.4 l and 16.6±5.2 h vs 25.3±8.5 h ; all p<0.001 ) , recovery room stay ( 67.3±11.1 min vs 82.0±16.4 min ; p<0.001 ) , catheterisation time ( 51.7±26.3 h vs 80.5±31.6 h ; p<0.001 ) , hospital stay ( 98.4±20.4 h vs 134.2±31.5 h ; p<0.001 ) , and resected tissue ( 56.4±12.8 g vs 43.8±15.5 g ; p<0.001 ) . There were no statistical differences in operation time and sexual function between the two groups . At 36 mo postoperatively , the PKEP group had a maintained and statistically significant improvement in IPSS ( 2.4±2.2 vs 4.3±2.9 ; p<0.001 ) , QoL ( 0.6±0.5 vs 1.6±1.4 ; p<0.001 ) , Q(max ) ( 28.8±10.1 ml/s vs 25.1±8.0 ml/s ; p=0.017 ) , and TRUS volume ( 21.0±7.3 ml vs 26.4±6.8 ml ; p<0.001 ) , with urodynamically proven deobstruction ( Schäfer grade 0.2±0.02 vs 0.8±0.1 ; p<0.001 ) . More extensive clinical trials are required to vali date these results . CONCLUSIONS PKEP is a safe and highly effective technique for relieving BOO . At 3-yr follow-up , the clinical efficacy of PKEP is durable and compares favourably with TURP OBJECTIVES The study compared the transurethral resection in saline ( TURis ) , transurethral vaporization in saline ( TUVis ) , bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate ( BPEP ) , and open prostatectomy ( OP ) in a single-center , prospect i ve , r and omized controlled clinical setting exclusively involving large prostate patients . PATIENTS AND METHODS During a 4½ year enrollment period , 320 cases of prostate volume over 80 mL , maximum flow rate ( Qmax ) below 10 mL/second , International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) over 19 , or urinary retention were included in the trial and equally r and omized in the four study arms . Patients were assessed preoperatively as well as at the 1- , 3- , 6- , and 12-month follow-up checkups using the IPSS , quality of life ( QoL ) score , Qmax , postvoiding residual urinary volume ( PVR ) , and prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) . RESULTS Similar preoperative parameters were established in the four series . OP and BPEP were characterized by resembling operating times , while TURis and TUVis displayed prolonged surgical duration s. TURis emphasized a substantially decreased mean resected tissue weight . TUVis showed the lowest mean hemoglobin level drop , followed by TURis and BPEP ( equivalent results ) and finally OP ( highest bleeding ) . OP described the longest mean catheterization period and hospital stay , followed by TURis , and afterward by TUVis and BPEP ( similar data ) . During the follow-up period , statistically equivalent IPSS , QoL , Qmax , and PVR outcomes were established for OP , BPEP , and TURis . TUVis displayed significantly smaller Qmax improvements , but similar other functional features . Significantly lower mean PSA levels were determined secondary to OP and BPEP when compared to bipolar resection and subsequently to vaporization . CONCLUSIONS OP and BPEP emphasized the highest surgical efficiency ( prolonged postoperative recovery for OP ) , while TUVis displayed the lowest hemorrhagic risks . On the medium term , generally resembling functional outcomes were determined for the four techniques , with significantly decreased mean PSA values secondary to OP and BPEP INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Bipolar plasma vaporization ( BPV ) has been introduced as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Promising short-term results , but inferior mid-term results compared to TURP have been reported following first-generation bipolar electrovaporization . Outcome data following second-generation BPV are still scarce . The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the intra- and postoperative outcomes of contemporary  BPV  in a center with long-st and ing expertise on laser vaporization of the prostate . METHODS A consecutive series of 83 patients undergoing BPV in a tertiary referral center was prospect ively evaluated . The investigated outcome parameters included the maximum flow rate ( Qmax ) , postvoid residual volume , International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)/ quality of life ( Qol ) , and prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) tests . Follow-up investigations took place after 6 weeks , 6 months , and 12 months . The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment parameters . RESULTS The median ( range ) preoperative prostate volume was 41 mL ( 17 - 111 mL ) . The preoperative IPSS , Qol , Qmax , and residual volume were 16 ( 2 - 35 ) , 4 ( 0 - 6 ) , 10.1 mL/s ( 3 - 29.3 mL/s ) , and 87 mL ( 0 - 1000 mL ) , respectively . One third of the patients were undergoing platelet aggregation inhibition ( PAI ) . No intraoperative complications occurred . Postoperatively , 13 patients ( 15.7 % ) had to be recatheterized . Three patients ( 3.6 % ) had clot retention and 28 patients ( 34 % ) reported any grade of dysuria . After 6 weeks , all outcome parameters improved significantly and remained improved over the 12-month observation period [ IPSS : 3 ( 0 - 2 ) ; Qol : 1 ( 0 - 4 ) ; Qmax : 17.2 mL/s ( 3.2 - 56 mL/s ) ; residual volume 11 mL ( 0 - 190 mL ) ] . The PSA reduction was 60 % at study conclusion . Three patients ( 3.6 % ) developed a urethral stricture and four patients ( 4.8 % ) bladder neck sclerosis . Re-resections were not necessary . CONCLUSIONS Contemporary BPV is a safe and efficacious treatment option even for patients undergoing PAI . Early urinary retention and temporary dysuria seem to be specific side effects of the treatment . Bleeding complications are rare . Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm these promising short-term results To evaluate in a prospect i ve , r and omised trial the surgical efficiency and safety of a new energy source enabling a continuous bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate ( C‐BPVP ) by comparing with st and ard vaporisation ( S‐BPVP ) and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . To comparatively assess the short‐term functional outcome of the three methods OBJECTIVE To perform a prospect i ve , r and omized , long-term comparison between bipolar plasma vaporization of the prostate ( BPVP ) , bipolar transurethral resection in saline ( TURis ) , and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) concerning the perioperative and follow-up parameters . METHODS A total of 510 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) , Q(max ) < 10 mL/s , International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) > 19 , and prostate volume between 30 and 80 mL were enrolled in the trial . All cases were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months after surgery by IPSS , quality of life , Q(max ) , and ultrasonography . RESULT Each study arm including 170 cases emphasized similar preoperative parameters . The capsular perforation and intraoperative bleeding rates as well as the mean hemoglobin drop were significantly decreased for BPVP by comparison with TURis and TURP . The postoperative hematuria , blood transfusion , and clot retention rates were significantly higher in the TURP group . The operation time was significantly shorter only for BPVP patients , whereas the catheterization period and hospital stay were significantly reduced for BPVP , followed by TURis . The rates of irritative symptoms and urethral strictures were similar in the 3 series . The recatheterization , bladder neck sclerosis , and retreatment rates were significantly lower in the BPVP group . During the 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months ' follow-up , the BPVP series emphasized significantly superior parameters in terms of IPSS and Q(max ) . CONCLUSION BPVP represents a valuable endoscopic treatment alternative for BPH patients , with superior efficacy and satisfactory complication rate . The long-term follow-up emphasized durable improvements of the postoperative parameters for BPVP OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of bipolar transurethral vaporization of the prostate ( TUVP ) with bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a prospect i ve r and omized trial , 88 patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) underwent bipolar TUVP ( N = 39 ) or bipolar TURP ( N = 49 ) from October 2010 to November 2011 . The inclusion criteria were age > 50 years , prostate volume of 30 - 80 mL , serum PSA < 4 ng/mL , IPSS ≥ 20 , Qmax ≤ 10 mL/s and failed medical therapy . The perioperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated and the IPSS and Qmax were assessed preoperatively and 3 months after procedure in all cases . RESULTS Both groups were similar in patient age , prostate volume , preoperative IPSS and Qmax . The TUVP group had significantly lower mean values of operative time , hospital stay , catheterization period , irrigation fluid volume and serum hemoglobin , creatinine , sodium and potassium changes compared with TURP group . No significant differences were seen between two groups regarding complications  ( TUVP = 10.3 % ; TURP = 12.2 % ) and modified Clavien classification of complications . No TUR syndrome , obturator reflex or epididymitis occurred in both groups . Re-hospitalization and transfusion due to clot retention ( N = 2 ) and urethral stricture ( N = 1 ) were reported only in the TURP group . Three patients experienced urinary retention after catheter removal in the TUVP group . Two patients were re-catheterized temporarily and one patient required repeat bipolar TUVP . Three months after surgery , two groups had significant improvement in IPSS and Qmax . But the TUVP group had significantly lower IPSS and higher Qmax than TURP group . CONCLUSIONS Bipolar TUVP is a safe , effective and low cost procedure among minimally invasive surgeries of BPH . Compared with bipolar TURP , the bipolar TUVP had similar complications , better perioperative and postoperative outcomes , superior hemostasis and higher efficacy BACKGROUND Transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) has been considered as the st 
    Output:
    
RESULTS The use of bipolar energy in the endoscopic treatment of BPH presented a significant reduction in operative time , perioperative complications , shorter catheterization time , reduced number of blood products transfused , and shorter hospital stay compared to st and ard techniques .
Postoperative outcomes showed that bipolar energy was safe and offered significant outcome improvement when compared to traditional monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) .
The use of bipolar energy in the surgical treatment of patients with BPH is safe and is associated with improvements in perioperative outcomes .