***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Research has shown that treatments that solely addressed intimate partner violence ( IPV ) perpetration were not very effective in reducing IPV , possibly due to neglecting individual differences between IPV perpetrators . A large proportion of IPV perpetrators is diagnosed with co-occurring substance use disorders and it has been demonstrated that successful treatment of alcohol dependence among alcohol dependent IPV perpetrators also led to less IPV . The current study investigated the relative effectiveness of Integrated treatment for Substance abuse and Partner violence ( I-StoP ) to cognitive behavioral treatment addressing substance use disorders including only one session addressing partner violence ( CBT-SUD+ ) among patients in substance abuse treatment who repeatedly committed IPV .  Substance use and IPV perpetration were primary outcome measures . Method Patients who entered substance abuse treatment were screened for IPV . Patients who disclosed at least 7 acts of physical IPV in the past year ( N = 52 ) were r and omly assigned to either I-StoP or CBT-SUD+ . Patients in both conditions received 16 treatment sessions . Substance use and IPV perpetration were assessed at pretreatment , halfway treatment and posttreatment in blocks of 8 weeks . Both completers and intention-to-treat ( ITT ) analyses were performed . Results Patients ( completers and ITT ) in both conditions significantly improved regarding substance use and IPV perpetration at posttreatment compared with pretreatment . There were no differences in outcome between conditions . Completers in both conditions almost fully abstained from IPV in 8 weeks before the end of treatment . Conclusions Both I-StoP and CBT-SUD+ were effective in reducing substance use and IPV perpetration among patients in substance abuse treatment who repeatedly committed IPV and self-disclosed IPV perpetration . Since it is more cost and time-effective to implement CBT-SUD+ than I-StoP , it is suggested to treat IPV perpetrators in substance abuse treatment with CBT-SUD+.Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov : Objective To conduct a r and omized controlled trial assessing the impact of a family-based intervention delivered to Burmese migrant families displaced in Thail and on parenting and family functioning . Participants and procedures Participants included 479 Burmese migrant families from 20 communities in Thail and . Families , including 513 caregivers and 479 children aged 7 to 15 years , were r and omized to  treatment and waitlist control groups . The treatment group received a 12-session family-based intervention delivered to groups of families by lay facilitators . Adapted st and ardized and locally derived measures were administered before and after the intervention to assess parent-child relationship quality , discipline practice s , and family functioning . Results Compared with controls , intervention families demonstrated improved quality of parent-child interactions on scales of parental warmth and affection ( Effect size ( ES ) = 0.25 caregivers ; 0.26 children , both p < 0.05 ) and negative relationship quality ( ES = -0.37 , p < 0.001 caregivers ; -0.22 children , p < 0.05 ) . Both children and caregivers also reported an effect on relationship quality based on a locally derived measure ( ES = 0.40 caregivers , p < .001 ; 0.43 children , p < .05 ) . Family functioning was improved , including family cohesion ( ES = 0.46 caregivers ; 0.36 children ; both p < 0.001 ) and decreased negative interactions ( ES = -0.30 caregivers , p < 0.01 ; -0.24 children , p < 0.05 ) . Family communication also improved according to children only ( ES = 0.29 , p < 0.01 ) . Caregivers , but not children , reported decreased harsh discipline ( ES = -0.39 , p < 0.001 ) , and no effects were observed on use of positive discipline strategies . Treatment attendance was high , with participants attending a mean of 9.7 out of 12 sessions . Conclusion The intervention increased protective aspects of family well-being for migrant children and caregivers in a middle-income country . The strongest effects were on parent-child relationship quality and family functioning , while results were mixed on changes in discipline practice s. Results suggest that a behavioral family-based approach implemented by lay providers in community setting s is a promising intervention approach for strengthening families in highly stressed context s. Trial registration Clinical trials.gov : BACKGROUND The present study assessed the effectiveness of a brief narrative intervention implemented by trained biomedical and Ayurveda , Yoga , Unani , Siddha , Homeopathy ( AYUSH ) providers from three low-income communities in Mumbai , India . METHODS A quasi-experimental research design compared attitudinal and behavioural changes among a cohort of 554 patients presenting gupt rog ( ' secret sexual illnesses ' ) to biomedical and AYUSH providers who were trained in the narrative intervention model ( NIM ; referred to as ' narrative prevention counseling ' in the intervention manual ) with those providing st and ard care ( untrained in NIM ) . Data were analysed using multivariate and longitudinal statistical models . RESULTS Patients who received treatment for gupt rog from trained providers reported receiving a significantly higher number of services than those receiving services from untrained providers ( mean 8.9 vs 7.6 services , respectively ; P<0.001 ) . In addition , a higher number of patients seeing the trained providers no longer had gupt rog problems than those seeing untrained providers ( 42 % vs 25 % , respectively ; P<0.001 ) . Patient-reported sex with a partner who was not the wife decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up for the entire sample but was significantly greater among patients receiving treatment from trained AYUSH providers ( from 27 % at baseline to 2 % at follow up ) compared with untrained providers ( from 18 % at baseline to 5 % at follow up ; P<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results support the effectiveness of brief narrative intervention in primary care setting s for reducing sexual risk and associated vulnerabilities among married men OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to test if outcomes would be different when family members of alcohol-dependent individuals were included in intervention and to examine the factors associated with relapse during a 6-month follow-up period . METHOD Ninety male participants admitted for 3 weeks at an inpatient facility in India were r and omly assigned to individual relapse prevention ( IRP ) , dyadic relapse prevention ( DRP ) , and treatment as usual ( TAU ) , with 30 participants in each group . In IRP , intervention was administered to the individual participant . In DRP , both the participant and a family member were included in intervention . In all three conditions , family members stayed in the facility with participants . Participants were followed up for 6 months after discharge from the treatment center . RESULTS DRP consistently performed better than TAU on all of the outcomes ( reduction in quantity of alcohol , drinking days , and number of days with dysfunction in family , occupational , and financial dimensions ) . DRP participants also reported a significant reduction in the quantity of alcohol , drinking days , and family problems , compared with IRP . Results of Cox regression showed that being in IRP/TAU groups , early-onset dependence ( < 25 years ) , and paternal history of alcohol dependence were associated with relapse after adjusting for baseline alcohol use and other covariates . CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of Western-based family-oriented intervention for alcohol-dependent patients in India ; also , findings might help to alert treatment providers that some subsets of alcohol users might need more tailored interventions and rigorous monitoring during follow-up This paper describes the Common Elements Treatment Approach ( CETA ) for adults presenting with mood or anxiety problems developed specifically for use with lay counselors in low- and middle-income countries ( LMIC ) . Details of the intervention development , training , supervision , and decision-making process are presented . Case vignettes are used as examples throughout . Preliminary findings are presented on counselor/supervisor performance and client outcomes from practice cases completed prior to r and omized controlled trials ( RCT ) conducted at two sites for adult survivors of torture and /or systematic violence in ( a ) southern Iraq and ( b ) Thail and -Burma border . Data suggest that local supervisors and lay counselors with little prior mental health training or experience maintained fidelity to the model . The majority of pilot clients were retained in treatment , suggesting acceptability . Using the Reliable Change Index ( RCI ) for each individual we examined the number of clients above a minimal threshold ( z > 1.96 ) for each outcome . In Iraq 100 % of clients had RCIs above the threshold for depression and posttraumatic stress , and 81.8 % for impaired function . In Thail and , 81.3 % of clients had RCIs above minimum threshold for depression , 68.8 % for posttraumatic stress , and 37.5 % for impaired function . Implementation of CETA is discussed in relation to cultural issues within LMIC . These findings , combined with US-based evidence , suggest that a common elements approach warrants further development and testing as a means for addressing the treatment gap for mental health problems in LMIC Background Gender-based violence and HIV are highly prevalent in the harsh environment of informal settlements and reducing violence here is very challenging . The group intervention Stepping Stones has been shown to reduce men ’s perpetration of violence in more rural areas , but violence experienced by women in the study was not affected . Economic empowerment interventions with gender training can protect older women from violence , but microloan interventions have proved challenging with young women . We investigated whether combining a broad economic empowerment intervention and Stepping Stones could impact on violence among young men and women .  The intervention , Creating Futures , was developed as a new generation of economic empowerment intervention , which enabled livelihood strengthening though helping participants find work or set up a business , and did not give cash or make loans . Methods We piloted Stepping Stones with Creating Futures in two informal settlements of Durban with 232 out of school youth , mostly aged 18–30 and evaluated with a shortened interrupted time series of two baseline surveys and at 28 and 58 weeks post-baseline . 94/110 men and 111/122 women completed the last assessment , 85.5 % and 90.2 % respectively of those enrolled . To determine trend , we built r and om effects regression models with each individual as the cluster for each variable , and measured the slope of the line across the time points . Results Men ’s mean earnings in the past month increased by 247 % from R411 ( ~$40 ) to R1015 ( ~$102 , and women ’s by 278 % R 174 ( ~$17 ) to R 484 ( about $ 48 ) ( trend test , p < 0.0001 ) . There was a significant reduction in women ’s experience of the combined measure of physical and /or sexual IPV in the prior three months from 30.3 % to 18.9 % ( p = 0.037 ) . This was not seen for men . However both men and women scored significantly better on gender attitudes and men significantly reduced their controlling practice s in their relationship . The prevalence of moderate or severe depression symptomatology among men and suicidal thoughts decreased significantly ( p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01 ) . Conclusions These findings are very positive for an exploratory study and indicate that the Creating Futures/Stepping Stones intervention has potential for impact in these difficult areas with young men and women . Further evaluation is needed Objective To assess the impact of Stepping Stones , a HIV prevention programme , on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 ( HSV-2 ) and sexual behaviour . Design Cluster r and omised controlled trial . Setting 70 villages ( clusters ) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa . Participants 1360 men and 1416 women aged 15 - 26 years , who were mostly attending schools . Intervention Stepping Stones , a 50 hour programme , aims to improve sexual health by using participatory learning approaches to build knowledge , risk awareness , and communication skills and to stimulate critical reflection . Villages were r and omised to receive either this or a three hour intervention on HIV and safer sex . Interviewers administered question naires at baseline and 12 and 24 months and blood was tested for HIV and HSV-2 . Main outcome measures Primary outcome measure : incidence of HIV . Other outcomes : incidence of HSV-2 , unwanted pregnancy , reported sexual practice s , depression , and substance misuse . Results There was no evidence that Stepping Stones lowered the incidence of HIV ( adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.95 , 95 % confidence interval 0.67 to 1.35 ) . The programme was associated with a reduction of about 33 % in the incidence of HSV-2 ( 0.67 , 0.46 to 0.97 ; P=0.036)—that is , Stepping Stones reduced the number of new HSV-2 infections over a two year period by 34.9 ( 1.6 to 68.2 ) per 1000 people exposed . Stepping Stones significantly improved a number of reported risk behaviours in men , with a lower proportion of men reporting perpetration of intimate partner violence across two years of follow-up and less transactional sex and problem drinking at 12 months . In women desired behaviour changes were not reported and those in the Stepping Stones programme reported more transactional sex at 12 months . Conclusion Stepping Stones did not reduce incidence of HIV but had an impact on several risk factors for HIV — notably , HSV-2 and perpetration of intimate partner violence . Trial Registration Clinical Trials NCT00332878 Substance abuse is a major public health concern that impacts not just the user but also the user ’s family . The effect that parental substance abuse has on children has been given substantial attention over the years . Find 
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Conclusions Findings highlight the scarcity of interventions addressing men 's drinking and its effects on families , particularly for parent-child outcomes .