***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose Concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( CCRT ) is recommended for the management of patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . This prospect i ve study aim ed to compare the efficacy of concurrently delivered cisplatin doublets with paclitaxel , or docetaxel , or gemcitabine . Methods The main eligibility criteria consisted of previously untreated stage IIIB NSCLC . The subjects were r and omized into three arms : paclitaxel 45 mg/m2/week ( TP ) , docetaxel 20 mg/m2/week ( DP ) , and gemcitabine 350 mg/m2/week ( GP ) in addition to cisplatin 20 mg/m2/week . Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was given once daily , weekly 5 fractions and the total prescription dose was 60–66 Gy . The primary endpoint was response rate , and the secondary endpoints were survival and toxicity . Results A total of 101 patients were recruited into this trial of whom 93 ( TP : 33 , DP : 29 , GP : 31 ) patients were treated with CCRT from March 2005 to July 2007 . Similar response rates were observed across arms : TP : 63.6 % , DP : 72.4 % , GP : 61.3 % ( p = 0.679 ) . There was no statistically significant difference of median survival ( TP : 27.3 , DP : 27.6 , GP : 16.5 months , p = 0.771 ) . In subgroup analysis , a survival benefit of consolidation chemotherapy was not seen , but leucopenia ( 63.2 % ) and neutropenia ( 68.4 % ) more than grade 3 were significantly high in DP arm . The grade ≥3 radiation esophagitis was more frequent in the GP arm ( 22.6 % , p = 0.163 ) . Conclusions Among the three arms , no statistically significant difference in response rate , survival , and toxicity was observed . However , clinical ly significant radiation toxicity was more frequent in the GP arm PURPOSE The phase III PROCL AIM study evaluated overall survival ( OS ) of concurrent pemetrexed-cisplatin and thoracic radiation therapy ( TRT ) followed by consolidation pemetrexed , versus etoposide-cisplatin and TRT followed by nonpemetrexed doublet consolidation therapy . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IIIA/B unresectable nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer r and omly received ( 1:1 ) pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2 ) and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks for three cycles plus concurrent TRT ( 60 to 66 Gy ) followed by pemetrexed consolidation every 3 weeks for four cycles ( arm A ) , or st and ard therapy with etoposide 50 mg/m(2 ) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2 ) intravenously , every 4 weeks for two cycles plus concurrent TRT ( 60 to 66 Gy ) followed by two cycles of consolidation platinum-based doublet chemotherapy ( arm B ) . The primary objective was OS . The study was design ed as a superiority trial with 80 % power to detect an OS hazard ratio of 0.74 with a type 1 error of .05 . RESULTS Enrollment was stopped early because of futility . Five hundred ninety-eight patients were r and omly assigned ( 301 to arm A , 297 to arm B ) and 555 patients ( 283 in arm A , 272 in arm B ) were treated . Arm A was not superior to arm B in terms of OS ( hazard ratio , 0.98 ; 95 % CI , 0.79 to 1.20 ; median , 26.8 v 25.0 months ; P = .831 ) . Arm A had a significantly lower incidence of any drug-related grade 3 to 4 adverse events ( 64.0 % v 76.8 % ; P = .001 ) , including neutropenia ( 24.4 % v 44.5 % ; P < .001 ) , during the overall treatment period . CONCLUSION Pemetrexed-cisplatin combined with TRT followed by consolidation pemetrexed was not superior to st and ard chemoradiotherapy for stage III unresectable nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer Purpose The purpose of this phase I/II study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin at the recommended schedule with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( LA-NSCLC ) . Methods Eligible patients with LA-NSCLC were treated with cisplatin intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/m2 on day 8 plus oral S-1 at a dosage of 40 mg/m2 twice per day for two different treatment schedules for up to 4 cycles . Patients also concurrently received 60 Gy of thoracic radiation in 30 fractions . The primary endpoint of the phase II study was the proportion of patients who survived for more than 2 years . Results Between August 2005 and October 2010 , a total of 45 patients were enrolled in this phase I/II study ; their long-term survival was then followed for a median period of 5.8 years . Nineteen of the 39 patients in the phase II study survived for more than 2 years and met the primary endpoint of the study . The median overall survival period was 24.9 months [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 17.4–74.5 months ] , and the 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 51.0 and 43.0 % , respectively . The response rate was 85 % , and the median progression-free survival period was 13.8 months ( 95 % CI 9.5–27.1 months ) . Hematological toxicity was mild . Grade 3 febrile neutropenia and pneumonitis was observed in 5 and 5 % , respectively . Conclusion Our study indicated that S-1 plus cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy yielded encouraging survival outcomes and an acceptable safety profile for LA-NSCLC Background The optimal chemotherapy regimen administered currently with radiation in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) remains unclear . A multicenter phase III trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of concurrent thoracic radiation therapy with either etoposide/cisplatin ( EP ) or carboplatin/paclitaxel ( PC ) in patients with stage III NSCLC . Patients and methods Patients were r and omly received 60–66 Gy of thoracic radiation therapy concurrent with either etoposide 50 mg/m2 on days 1–5 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks for two cycles ( EP arm ) , or paclitaxel 45 mg/m2 and carboplatin ( AUC 2 ) on day 1 weekly ( PC arm ) . The primary end point was overall survival ( OS ) . The study was design ed with 80 % power to detect a 17 % superiority in 3-year OS with a type I error rate of 0.05 . Results A total of 200 patients were r and omized and 191 patients were treated ( 95 in the EP arm and 96 in the PC arm ) . With a median follow-up time of 73 months , the 3-year OS was significantly higher in the EP arm than that of the PC arm . The estimated difference was 15.0 % ( 95 % CI 2.0%–28.0 % ) and P value of 0.024 . Median survival times were 23.3 months in the EP arm and 20.7 months in the PC arm ( log-rank test P = 0.095 , HR 0.76 , 95%CI 0.55–1.05 ) . The incidence of Grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis was higher in the PC arm ( 33.3 % versus 18.9 % , P = 0.036 ) , while the incidence of Grade ≥3 esophagitis was higher in the EP arm ( 20.0 % versus 6.3 % , P = 0.009 ) . Conclusion EP might be superior to weekly PC in terms of OS in the setting of concurrent chemoradiation for unresectable stage III NSCLC . Trial registration ID NCT01494558 Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cisplatin with pemtrexed or vinorelbine and concurrent late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy ( LCAHRT ) .  Patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) were r and omly assigned to two regimens . The experimental ( PP ) arm included cisplatin , pemtrexed and concurrent LCAHRT based on bilateral lung V20 = 33 % . The control ( NP ) arm used cisplatin , vinorelbine with the same radiotherapy protocol . The primary endpoint was overall survival . Median survival times were 26.0 months ( 95 % CI 23.2 to 28.7 months ) and 28.5 months ( 95 % CI 17.1 to 39.9 months ) for the NP and PP arms , respectively ( P = 0.26 ) . Median progression-free survival was 12.5 months and 17.5 months in the NP and PP arms ( P = 0.07 ) . In both arms of the study , there were no differences in overall survival between patients with squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC . The incidences of grade 3 or 4 toxicity were higher in NP than PP arm . With concurrent LCAHRT , pemetrexed/cisplatin was equally as efficacious as vinorelbine/cisplatin , but showed a more favorable toxicity profile OBJECTIVE To evaluate the activity and safety of concurrent thoracic radiotherapy ( TRT ) plus weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin ( PC ) regimen compared with widely used cisplatin/etoposide ( PE ) regimen in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were r and omly assigned to receive the following treatments : PE arm , cisplatin ( 50mg/m(2 ) ) on days 1 , 8 , 29 , and 36 and etoposide ( 50 mg/m(2 ) ) on days 1 - 5 and 29 - 33 plus 60 Gy of TRT ; PC arm , weekly concurrent carboplatin ( AUC = 2 ) and paclitaxel ( 45 mg/m(2 ) ) plus 60 Gy of TRT . RESULTS A total of 65 patients were r and omized ( PE arm , n = 33 ; PC arm , n = 32 ) . The 3-year overall survival ( OS ) was significantly better in the PE arm than in the PC arm ( 33.1 % vs. 13 % , P = .04 ) . The incidence of Grade 3/4 neutropenia was 78.1 % in the PE arm and 51.5 % in the PC arm ( P = .05 ) . The rate of Grade 2 or greater radiation pneumonitis was 25 % in the PE arm and 48.5 % in the PC arm ( P = .09 ) . CONCLUSIONS Compared to PE regimen , weekly PC regimen can not be recommended since it failed to achieve an improvement in either OS or PFS INTRODUCTION The optimal chemotherapy with thoracic radiotherapy ( TRT ) for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) remains to be established . This r and omized phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy was conducted to compare uracil/tegafur ( UFT ) and cisplatin with vinorelbine and cisplatin for stage III NSCLC . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC were r and omized to receive UP ( 400 mg/m(2 ) UFT on days 1 - 14 and 29 - 42 and 80 mg/m(2 ) cisplatin on days 8 and 36 ) or NP ( 20 mg/m(2 ) vinorelbine on days 1 , 8 , 29 , and 36 and 80 mg/m(2 ) cisplatin on days 1 and 29 ) . TRT began on day 1 ( total 60 Gy in 30 fractions ) . RESULTS Of 70 enrolled patients , 66 were evaluable for efficacy and safety . The overall response rates were 80 % ( 95 % CI : 67 - 93 % ) and 71 % ( 95 % CI : 55 - 87 % ) for the UP arm and the NP arm . With a median follow-up of 20.2 months , the progression-free survival and median survival time were 8.8 and 26.9 months in the UP arm , and 6.8 and 21.7 months in the NP arm . The 2-/3-year survival rates were 51.0/34.3 % and 46.9/33.4 % for the UP arm and the NP arm , respectively . Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 20 % and 58 % of patients in the UP and NP arms , respectively . CONCLUSION Combined 
    Output:
    
In network meta- analysis , all regimen comparisons did not produce statistically significant differences in survival .
Based on treatment ranking of OS and the benefit-risk ratio , S-1-cisplatin ( SP ) was likely to be the most preferable regimen for its best efficacy and low risk of causing SAEs .
Gemcitabine-cisplatin ( GP ) and PC + Cetuximab ( PC-Cet ) appeared to be the worst and second-worst regimens for their poor efficacy and poor tolerability .
Conclusions Based on efficacy and tolerability , SP is likely to be the most preferable regimen used concurrently with thoracic radiation for locally advanced NSCLC , followed by UP and PP .