***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background The success of in vitro fertilization techniques is defined by multiple factors including embryo culture conditions , related to the composition of the culture medium . In view of the lack of solid scientific data and in view of the current general belief that sequential media are superior to single media , the aim of this r and omized study was to compare the embryo quality in two types of culture media . Methods In this study , the embryo quality on day 3 was measured as primary outcome . In total , 147 patients younger than 36 years treated with IVF/ICSI during the first or second cycle were included in this study . Embryos were r and omly cultured in a sequential ( group A ) or a single medium ( group B ) to compare the embryo quality on day 1 , day 2 and day 3 . The embryo quality was compared in both groups using a Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05 . Results At day 1 , the percentage of embryos with a cytoplasmic halo was higher in group B ( 46 % ) than in group A ( 32 % ) . At day 2 , number of blastomeres , degree of fragmentation and the percentage of unequally sized blastomeres were higher in group B than in group A. At day 3 , a higher percentage of embryos had a higher number of blastomeres and unequally sized blastomeres in group B. The number of good quality embryos ( GQE ) was comparable in both groups . The embryo utilization rate was higher in group B ( 56 % ) compared to group A ( 49 % ) . Conclusions Although , no significant difference in the number of GQE was found in both media , the utilization rate was significantly higher when the embryos were cultured in the single medium compared to the sequential medium . The results of this study have a possible positive effect on the cumulative cryo-augmented pregnancy rate . Trial registration BACKGROUND Optimal culture conditions are crucial for embryonic development and blastocyst formation after  in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) or Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) . A prospect i ve r and omized trial was carried out to compare the effects of two different sequential media ( Vitrolife and MediCult ) on embryo development and implantation . MATERIAL / METHODS 176 couples were included in this prospect i ve r and omized study . All couples undergoing the IVF ( n=84 ) or ICSI ( n=92 ) program at the University of Würzburg were r and omly assigned to either Vitrolife ( n=87 ) or MediCult ( n=89 ) sequential culture media . RESULTS The overall median fertilization rate ( FR ) was 84.0 % and was similar in the Vitrolife ( FR=87.5 % ) and MediCult group ( FR=80.0 % ) . A mean of 2.7 embryos were replaced into the uterus , not significantly different between both groups . The pronuclear development was significantly enhanced in embryos cultured in Vitrolife than in those cultured in MediCult media ( p=0.035 ) . The embryonic development on day 3 was also superior in the Vitrolife group , but only in ICSI cycles ( p<0.01 ) . After 5 days of culturing , the blastocyst development was equivalent in both groups . The clinical pregnancy rate was 31.0 % per transfer in the Vitrolife group and 28.1 % in the MediCult group ( not significant ) . CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that implantation and clinical pregnancy rates with both media are comparable . Embryonic development until day three seemed to be enhanced when the embryos were cultured in Vitrolife media Aim of the study : Pilot study to analyse the efficacy and embryo morphology using a new human embryo culture medium ( GM501 ) versus the conventional used medium ( ISM1 ) . Methods : Over a four-month period , all patients at the Leuven Institute of Fertility and Embryology ( LIFE ) were r and omly allocated to have their embryos cultured in either the st and ard sequential culture medium ISM1 ( control ) or in a new universal medium ( GM501 ) ( study group ) . Primary outcome parameters were clinical pregnancy and live birth rate . The secondary outcome parameter was the correlation of embryo fragmentation rate with pregnancy outcome . Results : We did not observe any differences between the ISM1 control group and GM501 study group with regard to fertilization , pregnancy , implantation rates , ongoing pregnancy , and babies born . The number of embryos with a minimal fragmentation rate ( less than 30 % ) was significantly higher in the GM501 study group . Conclusion : Although a significant higher embryo fragmentation rate was seen in In vitro culture of embryos in GM501 , pregnancy outcome results were comparable to those of embryos cultured in ISM1 . According to our results the value of embryo morphological criteria as a parameter for pregnancy outcome should be examined and discussed again BACKGROUND We aim ed to examine the efficacy of using an embryo transfer medium enriched with hyaluronan ( HA ) to improve implantation in a selected group of patients aged < 43 years with repeated ( > 4 ) implantation failures after IVF-embryo transfer . METHODS About 101 patients , meeting our selection criteria , were r and omly allocated to undergo embryo transfer either using our routine embryo transfer medium without HA ( control group ) or a HA enriched commercial embryo transfer medium ( study group ) . The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate . RESULTS After a similar treatment protocol , the ovarian hormonal response , the mean number of ova retrieved and injected per patient , fertilization and cleavage rates and mean embryo quality were comparable between the study and control groups . Although a similar number of embryos was transferred in both groups ( 3.1 + /- 0.7 versus 2.9 + /- 0.6 , mean + /- SD ) , a significantly higher implantation rate ( 16.3 % versus 4.8 % , P = 0.002 ) and clinical pregnancy rate ( 35.2 % versus 10.0 % , P = 0.004 ) and delivered or ongoing pregnancy rate ( 31.3 % versus 4.0 % , P = 0.0005 ) were observed in the study group . When mean implantation rate per patient was calculated , the difference between the study ( 0.148 + /- 0.23 ) and control ( 0.04 + /- 0.13 ) group was significant ( P = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS In this selected group of patients after multiple IVF-embryo transfer failures , the use of HA enriched embryo transfer medium is beneficial Abstract Purpose : The aim of this prospect i ve , r and omized study was to compare the results obtained in ICSI with two culture media , P-1 ( Irvine Scientific ) and IVF-50 ( Sc and inavian IVF Science ) . Methods : A total of 182 patients undergoing ICSI treatment were r and omly included in this study and divided in two groups : Group I : P-1 medium ( n = 91 ) or Group II : IVF-50 medium ( n = 91 ) . All the embryos were transferred on the second day . Results : Patient age did not differ ( p = .29 ) between Group I ( 34.8 ± 4.8 ) and Group II ( 34.0 ± 4.5 ) . The number of oocytes retrieved from Group I ( 10.6 ± 6.7 ) was also similar ( p = .49 ) to that retrieved from Group II ( 11.1 ± 6.4 ) . In addition , there was no difference ( p = .25 ) in the number of oocytes retrieved at metaphase II between Group I ( 7.9 ± 4.6 ) and Group II ( 8.7 ± 4.6 ) . Normal fertilization rates , abnormal fertilization rates , and cleavage rates were similar ( p = .62 , p = .48 , and p = .9 , respectively ) between Group I ( 68.4 ± 23.3 % , 6.7 ± 10.3 % , and 98.7 ±4.6 % ) and Group II ( 65.3 ± 26.2 % , 9.0 ± 13.8 % , and 98.9 ± 3.9 % , respectively ) . The embryo score was also similar ( p = .62 ) for both groups ( Group I : 31.9 ± 14.0 and Group II : 33.4 ± 15.8 ) . There was no difference in the number of embryos transferred ( p = .69 ) between Group I ( 2.8 ± 1.0 ) and Group II ( 2.8 ± 1.1 ) . In addition , pregnancy rates/puncture , pregnancy rates/transfer , implantation rates , and abortion rates were also similar for Group I ( 36.2 % , 37.0 % , 17.4 % , and 12.1 % , respectively ) and Group II ( 31.8 % , 33.7 % , 15.8 % , and 10.3 % , respectively ) ( p = .64 , p = .75 , p = .72 , and p = 1.0 , respectively ) . Conclusions : There were no differences in the results obtained with culture media P-1 ( Irvine Scientific ) and IVF-50 ( Sc and inavian IVF Science ) for ICSI and embryo culture This study was undertaken to compare the outcome of day 3 , day 5 , and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles where embryo culture was undertaken using the G1.2-G2.2 versus GIII series sequential media . A total of 400 day 3 , 73 day 5 and 126 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles were analysed . Treatment cycles were quasi-r and omized on the day of oocyte retrieval to embryo culture in G1.2-G2.2 versus GIII series sequential media . R and omization was undertaken according to alternating weekdays . Significantly more embryos were of grade 1 or 2 quality on day 3 in the GIII group ( P < 0.05 ) . Likewise , more embryos in the GIII group had eight blastomeres on day 3 ( P < 0.05 ) and were able to hatch spontaneously ( P < 0.05 ) . For day 3 embryo transfer cycles , implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were 14.4 and 25.7 % versus 37.8 and 50.3 % in G1.2-G2.2 and GIII groups respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . For day 5 embryo transfer cycles , implantation rates were significantly higher ( 29 versus 45 % ; P < 0.05 ) in the GIII group . There was a trend towards higher pregnancy rates ; however , this did not reach statistical significance due to fewer cycles analysed in this group . In-vitro culture in GIII series sequential media yields better quality embryos that implant more efficiently , compared with culture in G1.2-G2.2 media Since the metabolic requirements of fertilization and early embryonic development are very different , we have tested a new culture medium ( EllioStep2 , Ellios Bio-Media , Paris , France ) specially design ed for the first cleavages and compared it with two conventional media : BM1 ( Ellios Bio-Media , Paris , France ) and IVF50 ( Sc and inavian IVF Science , Gothenburg , Sweden ) . In order to avoid any interference with fertilization , the test was performed as part of an intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) study . A total of 416 ICSI attempts were r and omly performed using one or other of the media . After sperm injection , oocytes were incubated either in EllioStep2 or in BM1 or in IVF50 . The embryo quality , pregnancy and implantation rates , number of frozen embryos were compared in the different media . The percentage of fair embryos ( grade s 4 and 3 ) was significantly higher when EllioStep2 was used than when oocytes was cultured in BM1 medium ( 54 versus 47 % ; P < 0.01 ) or in IVF50 ( 69 versus 61 % ; P < 0.01 ) . The pregnancy rate per transfer and the implantation rate were not significantly higher with EllioStep2 than with BM1 or IVF50 . However , the percentage of embryo freezings per attempt was significantly higher with EllioStep2 than with BM1 ( 47/105 versus 28/105 ; P < 0.01 ) . In conclusion , the use of EllioStep2 is associated with an increase in embryo quality permitting a higher number of embryo freezings Purpose : Our purpose wax to evaluate the efficiency of a medium , devoid of any human or animal compound and specially design ed for early embryo development ( from the zygote to the eight-cell stage ) , SMART2 , in intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) and to compare it with a medium containing human serum albumin ( EllioStep2 ) . Methods : Oocytes from 50 ICSI attempts were r and omly placed , after sperm injection , into either SMART2 or EllioStep2 . After a 48-hr incubation , the embryos were examined for quality scoring before transfer or freezing . Results : The percentage of normally fertilized oocytes per intact oocytes was slightly higher using SMART2 ( 139/199 vs. 135/224 , respectively , for SMART2 and EllioStep2 : P < 0.05 ) . The distribution of embryo scores and the percentage of embryos with a fair morphology ( 71/143 vs. 72/148 , respectively , for SMART2 and EllioStep2 ; not significant ) were identical in both media . Conclusions : These data show that SMART2 medium can be 
    Output:
    
It is yet unknown what culture medium leads to the best success rates in IVF/ICSI .