***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Introduction and hypothesisThe purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical values of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) , tension-free vaginal tape-transobturator ( TVT-O ) , or tension-free vaginal tape-Secur ( TVT-Secur ) as treatment for female stress urinary incontinence . Methods The pre-operative and 1-year post-operative follow-up protocol s for patients who were treated with serial mid-urethral tension-free tape procedures in two hospitals from October 2008 to December 2009 were prospect ively studied . These patients were r and omly allocated to TVT , TVT-O , or TVT-Secur . Results A total of 102 women participated . At the 1-year follow-up , complications were not statistically different across the three groups except for pain in the thigh , which was more common in the TVT-O group . The overall efficacy and cure rate were similar between the TVT and TVT-O groups , but were significantly lower in the TVT-Secur group . Conclusions A comparison of the three procedures shows that TVT-O is easy to operate and is as safe as TVT-Secur , and it has similar long-term efficacy to TVT , though , as one of the third-generation mid-urethral tension-free tapes , TVT-Secur is still being evaluated . Basing on the outcome of our study , it had rare complications but unsatisfactory efficacy , and we suggest that TVT-Secur is not fit for severe cases . However , observation and comparison of these groups in a larger sample size on a longer term are needed Objective To compare the outcomes of tension- free vaginal tape ( TVT ) and transobturator tape ( TOT ) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence with or without concomitant pelvic organ prolapse ( POP ) . Methods One hundred and forty patients with SUI were r and omly allocated to TVT ( n = 70 ) or TOT ( n = 70 ) . The objective outcomes were assessed with a stress test , 1-h pad test . Subjective outcomes were assessed with UDI-6/(IIQ-7 ) question naires . Results The surgical outcomes revealed no significant difference between TVT and TOT surgical route . Both the subjective and objective cure rates were 91.4 % in the TOT group , while 90 and 92.8 % in the TVT group , respectively . The results showed the association to pelvic floor surgical techniques did not diminish a year later . TOT procedure has a shorter operative time for patients without concomitant surgery . Conclusion The efficacy and safety of TVT procedure were similar to that of TOT procedure for female stress urinary incontinence with or without concomitant POP The aim of this r and omized clinical trial was to compare the cure rate and the rate of complications of the tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) with those of the tension free vaginal tape obturator ( TVT-O ) procedure after one year of follow-up . The study was powered to show a ten per cent difference in cure rate and /or rate of complications . Of the initially treated 267 women 134 in the TVT group and 131 in the TVT-O group were evaluated . A cough stress test and a 24 h pad test were used as objective outcome measures . Subjective outcome was assessed by different condition-specific quality of life question naires and general health by the EQ-5D question naire . Objective cure rate was 95.5 % in the TVT patients and 93.1 % in TVT-O patients . Subjective cure rates showed significant improvement at one the year follow up in both groups . No significant differences in cure rates between groups were seen . The complication rate was equal in both groups Purpose To evaluate in a comprehensive way TVT in comparison with TOT , the results of a single-center RCT are presented . Many studies addressed efficacy and safety of TVT and TOT . Methods Women included were adults having predominant SUI with positive stress test . They were r and omized to get either TVT ( Gynecare ® ) or TOT ( Aris ® ) . All women were seen 1 week , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months . Results Seventy-one women completed 2-year follow-up . Median age was 47 ( range 33–60 years ) . Mean ± SD BMI in TVT group was 34 ± 5 while in TOT group was 32 ± 5 kg/m2 . POP of any degree was seen in 50 % ( 35 women ) . At 1 year , pad test – negative women were 31 and 29 for TVT and TOT , respectively . At 2 years , figures became 28 in TVT group and 27 in TOT . At 1 year , UDI 6 and IIQ 7 decreased by 78.5 and 81 % for TVT and by 69 % and 75 % for TOT group . At 2 year , comparable percentages were 73 and 79 % for TVT and 69 and 82 % for TOT . Fifteen unique patients had adverse events , 10 of them had TOT . Conclusions Both tapes have similar efficacy , regarding cure of incontinence . TVT is more effective , albeit insignificantly , than TOT at 2 years . However , serious adverse events were more frequent with TVT , yet TOT has more unique adverse events BACKGROUND Contemporary surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) includes retropubic and transobturator ( TO ) midurethral slings ( MUS ) . Case series of single-incision slings ( SIS ) have shown similar outcomes with lower morbidity . OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the cure rates , complications , and quality -of-life impact of one st and ard TO MUS and two SIS . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Ninety consecutive patients with clinical ly and urodynamically proven SUI were enrolled in an exploratory r and omised phase 2 trial . Patients with previous SUI surgery , major pelvic organ prolapse , mixed incontinence , or detrusor overactivity were excluded . INTERVENTIONS Patients were treated r and omly with TVT-O , TVT-Secur , or Mini-Arc . MEASUREMENTS Postoperative visits were scheduled at 6 and 12 mo . The King 's Health Question naire ( KHQ ) was repeated at 6 mo . Cure was defined as the absence of urine leakage , no pad use , and a negative cough test at 12 mo . Pain and other complications were also investigated . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Cure rate was 83 % after TVT-O , 67 % after TVT-Secur , and 87 % after Mini-Arc . Improvement was found in 10 % , 13 % , and 7 % of the patients , respectively . Failures were 7 % after TVT-O and Mini-Arc and 20 % after TVT-Secur . TVT-O and Mini-Arc improved at least 15 points in > 80 % of the patients in six KHQ domains , whereas TVT-Secur could only achieve improvement in three of the nine domains . The pain score was lower in the Mini-Arc group . Complications were more numerous after TVT-O. This study has the limitations inherent in a phase 2 trial with a follow-up limited to 12 mo . CONCLUSIONS Mini-Arc offers cure and improvement rates similar to TVT-O , whereas TVT-Secur may yield an inferior outcome . These findings recommend the urgent launch of large r and omised phase 3 studies comparing conventional MUS with SIS , with Mini-Arc the advised option Introduction and hypothesisA study was conducted to compare the efficacy and complications of TVT and TVT-O. Methods This study is a prospect i ve r and omized trial involving 300 women with primary SUI ; 149 received TVT , and 151 patients were treated with TVT-O.  At the 1 year follow-up , 141 TVT patients and 147 TVT-O patients ( dropout , 5.3 % and 2.6 % ) were evaluated using urodynamic studies , vali date d question naires , and a 1-h pad test . Results The mean operating time was shorter in the TVT-O group ( p < 0.001 ) . Urinary retention was not significantly different ( p > 0.05 ) . Inner thigh discomfort was reported by 5.4 % of TVT-O patients . In the TVT and the TVT-O groups , respectively , 90.1 % and 88.4 % women were objective ly cured . The satisfaction with the surgical outcome reflects the significant decrease in the question naire mean symptom scores in both groups . Postoperative de novo urgency was significantly more common in the TVT-O patients ( p = 0.015 ) . Conclusion The groups showed comparable objective and subjective cure rates OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve , multicentre , r and omised study compared the safety and success rate of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) and transobturator tape ( TOT ) in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence . METHODS Of 148 women , 73 were r and omised to TVT and 75 to TOT .  Preoperative workups included case history , clinical examination , Urogenital Distress Inventory and Impact Incontinence Quality of life question naires , 1-h pad test , pelvic ultrasound , and urodynamics . Intra- and postoperative complications were the primary end point ; subjective and objective changes in SUI , and postoperative voiding dysfunctions were secondary end points . Patients were classified into two main categories : dry ( no leakage during clinical and /or stress test and /or reported by patients ) versus wet . Patients who referred being wet were separated into " improved " or " failure " on subjective analysis . Other outcome variables were quality of life question naires and VAS scale . Clinical checkups were conducted at 3 , 6 , 12 mo , and then annually . RESULTS Both techniques are safe and no significant differences emerged in intra- and postoperative complications . At a mean follow-up of 31 mo , the overall objective cure ( dry ) was 71.4 % for TVT and 77.3 % for TOT ( p = ns ) . When one considered " dry " plus " wet but improved , " these values increased to 90 % and 90.6 % , respectively ( p = ns ) . Median satisfaction rate was 9 ( range : 1 - 10 ) for both procedures . Postoperative storage symptoms are a controversial issue ; they persisted in 44 % of patients in TVT group versus 24 % in TOT group ( p<0.053 ) . CONCLUSIONS TOT appears as safe and effective as TVT in surgery for female SUI , with minimal complications at mean follow-up of 31 mo The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and complications of the Transobturator tape ( Monarc ) vs the tension-free vaginal tape obturator ( TVT-O ) in women with urodynamic stress incontinence . A prospect i ve , r and omized study was conducted . One-hundred and twenty patients were included in the study , and 114 of them were available at 12 months follow-up . Sixty-one patients were subjected to the TVT-O procedure and 53 to the Monarc procedure .  Subjective and objective cure and improvement rate and complications incidence were assessed . The objective cure rate was 87 % for the TVT-O procedure and 90 % for the Monarc group . The subjective cure rate was 80 % for the TVT-O group and 77 % for the Monarc group . The improvement was 13 and 11.5 % for the TVT-O and Monarc groups , respectively . There was one accidental injury to the urethra with the Monarc technique . The Monarc technique presents success rates and complications comparable to the TVT-O method at 1 year follow-up Introduction and hypothesisThe purpose of this study is to compare the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) procedure with the inside-out transobturator approach ( TVT-O ) . Methods Multicenter r and omized controlled trial . One hundred forty-nine patients were r and omly allocated to either TVT ( n = 75 ) or TVT-O ( n = 74 ) . Interview , medical examination , pain scores , success rates , and quality of life assessment were recorded pre-operatively , and 2 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months post-operatively . Results One hundred forty-nine patients underwent surgery , and 132 completed a 24-month follow-up .  Bladder injury rate was 5 % ( 4/75 ) in the TVT group and 2 % ( 2/74 ) in the TVT-O group ( p = 0.68 ) . There was no significant difference between the two groups , concerning overall cure rate and the patients ' satisfaction rate at 24 months follow-up . The range of mean pain scores was significantly higher after the TVT-O procedure post-operatively but not at 24 months follow-up . Conclusion TVT and TVT-O procedures both have an outcome associated with an increase in quality of life with no significant differences in satisfaction rates at 2 years follow-up BACKGROUND Midurethral slings have become the most preferred surgical treatment for female urinary incontinence . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of two midurethral sling procedures with a different technique of sling insertion 5 yr after intervention . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter r and omized clinical trial conducted in seven public hospitals in Finl and including primary cases of stress urinary incontinence . INTERVENTION Surgical treatment with the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) procedure or the transobturator tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT-O ) procedure . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Objective treatment success criteria were a negative stress test , a negative 24-h pad test , 
    Output:
    
Conclusion TOT may have more valid effects than TVT  in operative time and hospital stay .
Besides , TOT method showed fewer complications and blood loss than TVT , but there was no significant difference between them .
The scores of VAS , incontinence impact question naire short form-7 ( IIQ-7 ) , and urogenital distress inventory short form-6 ( UDI-6 ) were higher in TOT than TVT , but still no significant difference was observed .