***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background The purpose of our study was to organize the literature regarding the efficacy of modern videolaryngoscopes in oral endotracheal intubation , then perform a quality assessment according to recommended external criteria and make recommendations for use . Methods Inclusion criteria included devices with recent studies of human subjects . A total of 980 articles were returned in the initial search and 65 additional items were identified using cited references . After exclusion of articles failing to meet study criteria , 77 articles remained . Data were extracted according to the rate of successful intubation and improvement of glottic view compared with direct laryngoscopy . Studies were classified according to whether they primarily examined subjects with normal airways , possessing risk factors for difficult direct laryngoscopy , or following difficult or failed direct laryngoscopy . Results The evidence of efficacy for videolaryngoscopy in the difficult airway is limited . What evidence exists is both r and omized prospect i ve and observational in nature , requiring a scheme that evaluates both forms and allows recommendations to be made . Conclusions In patients at higher risk of difficult laryngoscopy we recommend the use of the Airtraq , CTrach , GlideScope , Pentax AWS and V-MAC to achieve successful intubation . In difficult direct laryngoscopy ( C&L > /= 3 ) we cautiously recommend the use of the Airtraq , Bonfils , Bullard , CTrach , GlideScope , and Pentax AWS , by an operator with reasonable prior experience , to achieve successful intubation when used in accordance with the ASA practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway . There is additional evidence to support the use of the Airtraq , Bonfils , CTrach , GlideScope , McGrath , and Pentax AWS following failed intubation via direct laryngoscopy to achieve successful intubation . Future investigation would benefit from precise qualification of the subjects under study , and an improvement in overall methodology to include r and omization and blinding Background : The Glide Scope videolaryngoscope provides a suitable view for intubation , with less force required . Objectives : The present study was conducted , to compare postoperative sore throat and hoarseness after laryngoscopy and intubation , by Macintosh blade or Glide Scope video laryngoscope  in normal airway patients . Patients and Methods : Three hundred patients were r and omly allocated into two groups of 150 : Macintosh blade laryngoscope or Glide Scope video laryngoscope . The patients were evaluated for 48 hours for sore throat and hoarseness by an interview . Results : The incidence and severity of sore throat in the Glide Scope group , at 6 , 24 and 48 hours after the operation , were significantly lower than in the Macintosh laryngoscope group . In addition , the incidence of hoarseness in the Glide Scope group , at 6 and 24 hours after the operation , were significantly lower than in the Macintosh laryngoscope group . The incidence and severity of sore throat  in men , at 6 and 24 hours after the operation , were significantly lower than in the women . Conclusions : The incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal intubation by Glide Scope were lower than in the Macintosh laryngoscope . The incidence and severity of sore throat were increased by intubation and longer operation times Endotracheal intubation involving conventional laryngoscopy elicits a haemodynamic response associated with increased heart and blood pressure . The study was aim ed to see if video laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation has any advantages over conventional laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in patients with coronary artery disease . Thirty patients suffering from coronary artery disease scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) were studied . The patients were r and omly allocated to undergo either conventional laryngoscopy ( group A ) or video laryngoscopy ( group B ) . The time taken to perform endotracheal intubation and haemodynamic changes associated with intubation were noted in both the groups at different time points . The duration of laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly longer in group B ( video laryngoscopy ) when compared to group A patients . However , haemodynamic changes were no different between the groups . There were no events of myocardial ischaemia as monitored by surface electrocardiography during the study period in either of the groups . In conclusion , video laryngoscopy did not provide any benefit in terms of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing primary CABG with a Mallampatti grade of < 2 BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS , Glidescope , and the Truview EVO2 , in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope , when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization . METHODS One hundred and twenty consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation were r and omly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh ( n=30 ) , Glidescope ( n=30 ) , Truview EVO2 ( n=30 ) , or AWS ( n=30 ) laryngoscope .  All patients were intubated by one of the three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope . RESULTS The Glidescope , AWS , and Truview EVO2 each reduced the intubation difficulty score ( IDS ) , improved the Cormack and Lehane glottic view , and reduced the need for optimization manoeuvres , compared with the Macintosh . The mean IDS was significantly lower with the Glidescope and AWS compared with the Truview EVO2 device , and the IDS was lowest with the AWS . The duration of tracheal intubation attempts was significantly shorter with the Macintosh compared with the other devices . There were no differences in success rates between the devices tested . The AWS produced the least haemodynamic stimulation . CONCLUSIONS The Glidescope and AWS laryngoscopes required more time but reduced intubation difficulty and improved glottic view over the Macintosh laryngoscope more than the Truview EVO2 laryngoscope when used in patients undergoing cervical spine immobilization We performed a r and omised trial comparing the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscopeTM with the Macintosh laryngoscope blade in 170 patients undergoing double‐lumen tube placement for thoracic surgery . Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope blade , use of the CEL‐100 result ed in significantly more patients with a Cormack and Lehane Grade ‐1 laryngeal view ( 90.4 % vs 61.0 % , p < 0.001 ) , a higher rate of successful intubation on the first attempt ( 92.8 % vs 79.3 % , p = 0.012 ) , a lower median ( IQR [ range ] ) intubation difficulty score ( 0 ( 0–0 [ 0–60 ] ) vs 15 ( 0–30 [ 0–80 ] ) , p < 0.001 ) , a higher incidence of correct positioning of the tube ( 90.3 % vs 79.2 % , p = 0.041 ) and significantly fewer patients requiring external laryngeal pressure ( 19.3 % vs 32.9 % , p = 0.046 ) . Median ( IQR [ range ] ) time to successful intubation was 45 ( 38–55 [ 22–132 ] ) s with the CEL‐100 compared with 51 ( 40–61 [ 30–160 ] s using the Macintosh laryngoscope blade . We conclude that the CEL‐100 videolaryngoscope is superior to the Macintosh laryngoscope blade for double‐lumen tube insertion BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS , and the LMA CTrach , in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope , when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization . METHODS Ninety patients undergoing anaesthesia who required tracheal intubation were r and omly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh ( n=30 ) , LMA CTrach ( n=30 ) , or AWS ( n=30 ) laryngoscope . All patients were intubated by one of the three anaesthetists familiar with the use of each laryngoscope . RESULTS The intubation difficulty scores were significantly higher with the Macintosh laryngoscope and were significantly lower with the AWS compared with the LMA CTrach . All 30 patients were successfully intubated with the Macintosh and the AWS device , compared with 27 patients with the LMA CTrach . The duration of both the first and the successful tracheal intubation attempts was significantly longer with the LMA CTrach compared with the AWS and Macintosh laryngoscopes . A greater number of optimization manoeuvres were required to facilitate tracheal intubation with the LMA CTrach compared with the AWS laryngoscope . The AWS group had a significantly better Cormack and Lehane glottic view obtained at laryngoscopy compared with both other devices . CONCLUSIONS The AWS laryngoscope has several advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope , or LMA CTrach , in patients undergoing cervical spine immobilization BACKGROUND Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea ( OSA ) can often present difficulties in intubation . This study aim ed to compare the efficacy of the Pentax AirWay Scope ( AWS ) with that of the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in patients with OSA . METHODS Forty-six patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were r and omly allocated to tracheal intubation with either the Macintosh laryngoscope or the Pentax AWS . In all patients , intubation was performed by one of two anaesthetists experienced with both devices . The primary and secondary endpoints of this study were the intubation difficulty scale ( IDS ) score and success/failure and duration of the first successful intubation attempt . RESULTS With the Pentax AWS , tracheal intubation was successful on the first attempt in all patients whereas four patients required repeated attempts at intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope . The IDS score was significantly lower using the Pentax AWS and glottic exposure was better ( the Cormack and Lehane grade 1 in all patients vs grade 2 or higher in all patients , P<0.0001 ) . Average duration of successful intubation was shorter ( 12.9 vs 29.9 s , P=0.0002 ) , and fewer manoeuvres were needed to improve the glottic exposure ( 0 in all patients vs 1 or more in 16 patients , P<0.0001 ) with the Pentax AWS , compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope . CONCLUSIONS In this study of patients with OSA , tracheal intubation by experienced anaesthetists was facilitated using the Pentax AWS compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope To compare the performance of the Airtraq , X-Lite , and direct laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation for elective thyroid surgery . In this r and omized prospect i ve study , Patients who were ASA ( American Society of Anesthesiologists ) I or II physical status I or II and patients undergoing thyroid surgery were included in this r and omized prospect i ve study . Patients with attributes for difficult intubation criteria were excluded . After induction of anesthesia with fentanyl , propofol , and cisatracurium , patients were r and omized into three groups according to the intubating device used : Airtraq laryngoscope ( Airtraq ) , X-Lite video laryngoscope ( X-lLite ) , and direct laryngoscope with a Macintosh blade ( Direct ) . The primary outcome measurement was the time needed for tracheal intubation . Secondary outcomes included intubation difficulty score ( IDS ) , Cormack-Lehane classification , as well as hemodynamic and respiratory effects .  One hundred and five patients were included .  Mean ( st and ard deviation ) time for intubation was 28.2 ( 2.1 ) sec in the Airtraq group vs 36.6 ( 3.7 ) sec in the X-Lite group ( P < 0.001 ) , and 41.1 ( 4.4 ) sec in the Direct group ( P < 0.001 ) . Compared with to the direct laryngoscope , the Airtraq provided better visualization of the glottis ( P = 0.003 ) with fewer attempts ( P < 0.001 ) and lower IDS ( P < 0.001 ) . The intubation difficulty score was lower with the Airtraq than with the X-Lite ( P = 0.003 ) . Patients in the X-Lite and Direct groups showed more hemodynamic variations than those in the Airtraq group . There was only one failed intubation , in the direct group . In thyroid surgery , the Airtraq and X-Lite laryngoscopes decrease time to intubation when compared with direct laryngoscopy Background and objective We investigated whether the use of two different video laryngoscopes [ direct-coupled interface ( DCI ) video laryngoscope and GlideScope ] may improve laryngoscopic view and intubation success compared with the conventional direct Macintosh laryngoscope ( direct laryngoscopy ) in patients with a predicted difficult airway . Methods One hundred and twenty adult patients undergoing elective minor surgery requiring general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation presenting with at least one predictor for a difficult airway were enrolled after Institutional Review Board approval and written informed consent was obtained . Repeated laryngoscopy was performed using direct laryngoscope , DCI laryngoscope and GlideScope in a r and omized sequence before patients were intubated . Results Both video laryngoscopes showed significantly better 
    Output:
    
We identified no difference in number of first attempts and incidence of sore throat .
We found evidence of differential performance between different videolaryngoscope design s. Lack of data prevented analysis of impact of obesity or clinical location on failed intubation rates .
Videolaryngoscopes may reduce the number of failed intubations , particularly among patients presenting with a difficult airway .
They improve the glottic view and may reduce laryngeal/airway trauma .
Currently , no evidence indicates that use of a videolaryngoscope reduces the number of intubation attempts or the incidence of hypoxia or respiratory complications , and no evidence indicates that use of a videolaryngoscope affects time required for intubation