***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background People with idiopathic Parkinson ’s disease ( PD ) frequently have low activity levels , poor mobility and reduced quality of life . Although increased physical activity may improve mobility , balance and wellbeing , adherence to exercises and activity programs over the longer term can be challenging , particularly for older people with progressive neurological conditions such as PD . Physical activities that are engaging and enjoyable , such as dancing , might enhance adherence over the long term . The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a r and omized controlled trial of Irish set dancing compared with routine physiotherapy for people with mild to moderately severe PD . Methods Twenty-four people with idiopathic PD referred for movement rehabilitation were r and omized to receive  st and ard physiotherapy exercises or Irish set dancing classes  once per week plus a weekly home program for 6 months ( 12 in each group ) . The feasibility and safety of the proposed RCT protocol was the main focus of this evaluation . The primary outcome was motor disability measured by the motor component of the UPDRS , which was assessed prior to and after therapy by trained assessors blinded to group assignment . The Timed Up and Go , the Berg Balance Scale and the modified Freezing of Gait Question naire were secondary measures . Quality of life of the people with PD was evaluated using the PDQ-39 . Results Both the Irish set dancing and physiotherapy exercise program were shown to be feasible and safe . There were no differences between groups in the rate of adverse events such as falls , serious injuries , death or rates of admission to hospital . The physiotherapists who provided usual care remained blind to group allocation , with no change in their st and ard clinical practice . Compliance and adherence to both the exercise and dance programs were very high and attrition rates were low over the 6 months of therapy . Although improvements were made in both groups , the dance group showed superior results to st and ard physiotherapy in relation to freezing of gait , balance and motor disability . Conclusions Irish dancing and physiotherapy were both safe and feasible in this sample from Venice , with good adherence over a comparatively long time period of 6 months . A larger multi-centre trial is now warranted to establish whether Irish set dancing is more effective than routine physiotherapy for enhancing mobility , balance and quality of life in people living with idiopathic PD.Trial registration EudraCT number 2012 - 005769 - Background The majority of North American adult females do not meet current physical activity recommendations ( 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity ( MVPA ) per week accrued in ≥10 min bouts ) ultimately placing themselves at increased risk of morbidity and mortality . Working-age females face particular challenges in meeting physical activity recommendations as they have multiple dem and s , including occupational , family and social dem and s. To develop effective interventions to increase MVPA among working-age females , it is necessary to identify and underst and the strongest modifiable determinants influencing these behaviours . Therefore , the objective of this systematic review is to examine the available evidence to identify intrapersonal , social and environmental determinants of MVPA among working-age females . Methods / Design Six electronic data bases will be search ed to identify all prospect i ve cohort studies that report on intrapersonal , social and /or environmental determinants of  MVPA  in working-age females . Grey literature sources including theses , published conference abstract s and websites from relevant organizations will also be included . Articles that report on intrapersonal ( e.g. health status , self-efficacy , socio-economic status ( SES ) , stress , depression ) , social environmental ( e.g. crime , safety , area SES , social support , climate and capital , policies ) , and environmental ( e.g. weather , workplace , home , neighbourhood , recreation environment , active transportation ) determinants of MVPA  in a working-age ( mean age 18–65 years ) female population will be included . Risk of bias will be assessed within and across all included studies using the Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies and the Grade s of Recommendation , Assessment , Development and Evaluation approach . Harvest plots will be used to synthesize results across all determinants , and meta-analyses will be conducted where possible among studies with sufficient homogeneity . Discussion This review will provide a comprehensive examination of evidence in this field and will serve to highlight gaps for future research on the determinants of MVPA in working-age females and ultimately inform intervention design . Systematic review registration PROSPERO : CRD42014009750 ABSTRACT The authors determined effects of community-based adapted tango on spatial cognition and disease severity in Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) while controlling for the effects of social interaction . Thirty-three individuals with mild-to-moderate PD ( stage I – III ) were assigned to twenty 90-min tango ( n = 24 ) or education ( n = 9 ) lessons over 12 weeks . Disease severity , spatial cognition , balance , and fall incidence were evaluated pre- , post- , and 10–12 weeks postintervention . The authors evaluated differences using t tests and analyses of variance . Twenty-three tango and 8 education participants finished . Tango participants improved on disease severity ( p = .008 ) , and spatial cognition ( p = .021 ) compared with education participants . Tango participants also improved in balance ( p = .038 ) , and executive function ( p = .012 ) . Gains were maintained 10–12 weeks postintervention . Multimodal exercise with structured syllabi may improve disease severity and spatial cognition in PD A pilot research study was conducted at 2 cancer centers in Connecticut to determine the effect of a dance and movement program on quality of life and shoulder function in breast cancer survivors treated within the prior 5 years . Thirty-five women completed the trial that included a 12-week intervention , using The Lebed Method , Focus on Healing Through Movement and Dance . The study design was a r and omized control trial with a wait list control group crossover to active treatment in weeks 13 to 25 , with the treatment group receiving the program in weeks 1 to 12 , and no program in weeks 13 to 25 . Outcome measures were the Breast Cancer Quality of Life ( FACT-B ) , Shoulder range of motion ( ROM ) , and Body Image Scale . FACT-B significantly improved in the intervention group at 13 weeks from 102.0 ± 15.8 to 116.7 ± 16.9 , compared to the wait list group 108.1 ± 16.4 to 107.1 ± 21.3 ( time × group effect , P = .008 ) . During the crossover phase , the FACT-B score increased in the wait list group and was stable in the treatment group . The overall effect of the training at 26 weeks was significant ( time effect , P = .03 ) , and the order of training was also significant ( P = .015 ) . Shoulder ROM increased in both groups at 13 weeks —15 ° and 8 ° in the intervention and wait list groups ( Time effect , P = .03 ; time × group , P = .58 ) . Body Image improved similarly in both groups at 13 weeks ( time effect , P = .001 ; time × group , P = .25 ) , and at 26 weeks . There was no significant effect of the order of training for these outcome measures . A dance movement program that addressed the physical and emotional needs of women following treatment for breast cancer substantially improved a breast cancer – specific quality -of-life measure . Larger studies are justified to determine the acceptability of this therapy as part of the continuum of care for breast cancer survivors Background and aims : Loss of balance is a major risk factor for falls in the elderly , and physical exercise may improve balance in both elderly and middle-aged people . We propose a clinical trial to test the efficacy of an exercise program based on dance in improving balance in adult and young old subjects . Methods : We carried out a mono-institutional , r and omized , controlled clinical trial . 40 subjects ( aged 58 to 68 yr ) were r and omly allocated in two separate groups : the exercise group ( n=20 ) followed a 3- month exercise program ; the control group ( n=20 ) did not engage in physical activities .  Differences in balance between the end of the training period and the baseline were assessed using four different balance tests : Tinetti , Romberg , improved Romberg , Sit up and go . Results : Results showed a significant improvement in balance in the exercise group at the end of the exercise program , whereas the control group did not show any significant changes . The comparison between exercise and control group variations in balance test scores showed a highly significant difference . 17 out of 20 subjects in the exercise group reported great or moderate satisfaction with the dance activity . Conclusions : Results suggest that physical activity based on dance may improve balance and hence be a useful tool in reducing the risk of falling in the elderly . The exercise program also revealed interesting psychosocial benefits OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of belly dance as a treatment option for patients with fibromyalgia . METHODS Eighty female patients with fibromyalgia between 18 to 65 years were r and omly allocated to a dance group ( n=40 ) and control group ( n=40 ) . Patients in the dance group underwent 16 weeks of belly dance twice a week , while the patients in the control group remained on a waiting list . The patients were evaluated with regard to pain ( VAS ) , function ( 6MWT ) , quality of life ( FIQ and SF-36 ) , depression ( Beck Inventory ) , anxiety ( STAI ) and self-image ( BDDE ) . Evaluations were carried out at baseline , 16 weeks and 32 weeks by a blinded assessor . RESULTS The dance group achieved significant improvements in VAS for pain ( p<0.001 ) , six-minute walk test ( p<0.001 ) , FIQ ( p=0.003 ) , BDDE ( p<0.009 ) as well as the pain ( p<0.001 ) , emotional aspects ( p<0.003 ) and mental health ( p<0.021 ) subscales on the SF-36 . CONCLUSIONS Belly dance can be used in the treatment of fibromyalgia to reduce pain and improve functional capacity , quality of life and self-image Abstract The present study examined the effects of Zumba training ( group fitness based on salsa and aerobics ) on endurance , trunk strength , balance , flexibility , jumping performance and quality of life ( QoL ) in female college students . Thirty female participants were r and omly assigned ( strata : age , BMI and physical activity ) to  an intervention ( INT , n = 15 : age : 21.0 ± 2.3 years ; BMI : 21.8 ± 3.0 kg/m2 ; physical activity ( PA ) : 7.6 ± 4.6 h/week )  or control group ( CON , n = 14 : age : 21.0 ± 2.8 years ; BMI : 21.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2 ; PA : 7.3 ± 3.6 h/week ) . Instructed Zumba training was provided twice a week for 8 weeks ( training attendance : 100 % ) . QoL was assessed using the WHO-QoL-BREF question naire . Endurance was measured with the 6-min walking test ( 6MWT ) . Trunk flexibility was assessed with the st and - and -reach-test and lower-extremity strength with the jump- and -reach-test . The star excursion balance test ( SEBT ) was employed to assess dynamic balance . Trunk strength endurance was examined using the Swiss global trunk strength test in prone and lateral ( left , right ) positions . All testings were performed before and after the training period . We observed large statistically significant between-group effects of total QoL score ( INT : + 9.8 % , CON : + 0.4 % , p < 0.001 ; partial eta squared ) , 6MWT distance ( INT : + 21 % , CON : −2 % , p < 0.001 , ) , trunk strength endurance ( prone , INT : + 48 % , CON : + 11 % , p = 0.04 , ; lateral-left , INT : + 71 % , CON : + 11 % , p = 0.01 , , lateral-right , INT : + 54 % , CON : + 11 % , p = 0.01 , ) and dynamic balance ( all eight reaching distances of the SEBT , INT : + 11−26 % , CON : + 1.1−3.8 % , 0.001 < p < 0.04 , 0.14 < ) with significantly larger improvements for INT . Flexibility and jump performance were not relevantly affected ( p > 0.05 ) . Instructed Zumba training can be applied to improve well-being , aerobic fitness and neuromuscular function in female college students PURPOSE This prospect i ve , non-r and omised follow-up study was design ed to compare the health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) , perceived social support ( PSS ) and overall life satisfaction ( OLS ) in female patients receiving st and ard medical care for malignant diseases with or without additional belly dancing . METHOD The patients were recruited in the Outpatient Department of the National Institute of Oncology , Budapest , Hungary during the period of 2008 - 2009 . 55 patients joined the  one-year-long rehabilitation program  ( research group , RG ) while 59 age-matched patients who received only st and ard medical care volunteered for clinical assessment ( control group , CG ) . HRQoL , PSS and OLS were assessed using vali date d question naires : EORTC QLQ-C30 , F-SozU-K14 , and Campbell 's OLS , respectively . The scores obtained in RG and CG were controlled for baseline socio-demographic characteristics and evaluated by ANCOVA analysis . RESULTS It was found that patients of the RG scored better at both the baseline and follow-up than the CG 
    Output:
    
It relieves women of stress .
And it also helps in a variety of aspects such as group interaction , motivation , and positive emotions .