***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: BACKGROUND The use of antracycline ( ANT ) in breast cancer has been associated with adverse cardiac events . Two-dimensional ( 2D ) strain imaging ( SI ) can provide a more sensitive measure of altered left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function . We aim ed to evaluate the preventive effect of carvedilol administration assessed by SI in a patient with breast cancer treated with ANT .  METHODS Patients receiving ANT  were r and omly assigned to the carvedilol- or placebo-receiving group . Each received an echocardiographic examination with conventional 2D echocardiography , pulsed tissue Doppler , and 2D SI prior to and 6 months post ANT treatment . RESULTS During the 6-month follow-up period there were no patient deaths or interrupted chemotherapy treatments due to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity . Both left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and fractional shortening ( FS ) were within normal limits for all patients before and after ANT therapy . EF , FS and LV dimensions were measured using M-mode echocardiography and found to be similar in both groups before and after ANT therapy . The mean EF , FS , and LV echocardiograph baseline and control dimensions were similar in both groups after 6 months . Though baseline SI parameters were similar between the groups , there was a significant decrease in LV basal septal and basal lateral peak systolic strain in the control group compared to the carvedilol group . CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that carvedilol has a protective effect against the cardiotoxicity induced by ANT Abstract Aims Contemporary adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer is associated with improved survival but at the cost of increased risk of cardiotoxicity and cardiac dysfunction . We tested the hypothesis that concomitant therapy with the angiotensin receptor blocker c and esartan or the β-blocker metoprolol will alleviate the decline in left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) associated with adjuvant , anthracycline-containing regimens with or without trastuzumab and radiation . Methods and results In a 2 × 2 factorial , r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial , we assigned 130 adult women with early breast cancer and no serious co-morbidity to the angiotensin receptor blocker c and esartan cilexetil , the β-blocker metoprolol succinate , or matching placebos in parallel with adjuvant anticancer therapy . The primary outcome measure was change in LVEF by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging . A priori , a change of 5 percentage points was considered clinical ly important . There was no interaction between c and esartan and metoprolol treatments ( P = 0.530 ) . The overall decline in LVEF was 2.6 ( 95 % CI 1.5 , 3.8 ) percentage points in the placebo group and 0.8 ( 95 % CI −0.4 , 1.9 ) in the c and esartan group in the intention-to-treat analysis ( P-value for between-group difference : 0.026 ) . No effect of metoprolol on the overall decline in LVEF was observed . Conclusion In patients treated for early breast cancer with adjuvant anthracycline-containing regimens with or without trastuzumab and radiation , concomitant treatment with c and esartan provides protection against early decline in global left ventricular function BACKGROUND We aim ed to evaluate the effect of prophylactic nebivolol use on prevention of antracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients . METHODS In this small , prospect i ve , double-blind study , we r and omly assigned 45 consecutive patients with breast cancer and planned chemotheraphy to receive  nebivolol 5 mg daily ( n=27 ) or placebo ( n=18 ) . Echocardiographic measurements and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-pro-BNP ) levels were obtained at baseline and at 6-month of chemotherapy . RESULTS Both studied groups had comparable echocardiographic variables and NT-pro-BNP levels at baseline . At 6-month , the left ventricular ( LV ) end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters increased in the placebo group ( LVESD : 29.7 ± 3.4 to 33.4 ± 4.5 mm ; LVEDD : 47.2 ± 3.8 to 52.0 ± 4.6 mm , p=0.01 for both ) but remained unchanged in the nebivolol group ( LVESD : 30.4 ± 3.5 to 31.0 ± 3.6 mm , p=0.20 ; LVEDD : 47.0 ± 4.4 to 47.1 ± 4.0 mm , p=0.93 ) . The placebo group also had lower LVEF than the nebivolol group ( 57.5 ± 5.6 % vs. 63.8 ± 3.9 % , p=0.01 ) at 6-month . NT-pro-BNP level remained static in the nebivolol group ( 147 ± 57 to 152 ± 69 pmol/l , p=0.77 ) while it increased in the placebo group ( 144 ± 66 to 204 ± 73 pmol/l , p=0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic use of nebivolol treatment may protect the myocardium against antracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients Background & objectives : Adriamycin though considered as an effective anticancer drug , leads to irreversible cardiomyopathy ( CMP ) and congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of carvedilol in adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy ( CMP ) in cancer patients . Methods : Patients with lymphoreticular malignancy in whom ADR therapy was planned were r and omized into two groups : carvedilol and control .  Twenty seven patients each were enrolled in carvedilol and control groups . In the carvedilol group , 12.5 mg once daily oral carvedilol was given during six months . The patients were evaluated by echocardiography before and after chemotherapy .  Left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF ) and systolic and diastolic diameters were calculated . Results : At six months of follow up , six patients in the carvedilol group and five in the control group had died . The mean EF ( 63.19 vs. 63.88 % ) and fraction shortening ( FS ) ( 34 vs. 34.6 ) of the carvedilol group were similar at follow up , but in the control group , the mean EF ( 67.27 vs. 60.82 % , P=0.003 ) and FS ( 38.48 vs. 34.6 , P<0.05 ) at control echocardiography were significantly lower . In carvedilol group , both systolic and diastolic diameters were not changed , but in control group , systolic diameters were significantly increased compared with basal measures ( left ventricular end systolic diameter = 28.26±5.50 mm vs. 31.25± 6.50 mm ; P < 0.05 ) . Interpretation & conclusions : Prophylactic use of carvedilol in patients receiving anthracycline protected systolic functions of the left ventricle . Carvedilol can be a potential drug which can ameliorate ADR-induced CMP OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of carvedilol in anthracycline (ANT)-induced cardiomyopathy ( CMP ) . BACKGROUND Despite its broad effectiveness , ANT therapy is associated with ANT-induced CMP . Recent animal studies and experimental observations showed that carvedilol prevented development of CMP due to chemotherapeutics . However , there is no placebo-controlled clinical trial concerning prophylactic carvedilol use in preventing ANT-induced CMP . METHODS Patients in whom ANT therapy was planned were r and omized to administration of carvedilol or placebo .  We enrolled 25 patients in carvedilol and control groups . In the carvedilol group , 12.5 mg once-daily oral carvedilol was given during 6 months . The patients were evaluated with echocardiography before and after chemotherapy .  Left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF ) and systolic and diastolic diameters were calculated . RESULTS At the end of 6 months of follow-up , 1 patient in the carvedilol group and 4 in the control group had died . Control EF was below 50 % in 1 patient in the carvedilol group and in 5 in the control group . The mean EF of the carvedilol group was similar at baseline and control echocardiography ( 70.5 vs. 69.7 , respectively ; p = 0.3 ) , but in the control group the mean EF at control echocardiography was significantly lower ( 68.9 vs. 52.3 ; p < 0.001 ) . Both systolic and diastolic diameters were significantly increased compared with basal measures in the control group . In Doppler study , whereas E velocities in the carvedilol  group decreased , E velocities and E/A ratios were significantly reduced in the control group . CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic use of carvedilol in patients receiving ANT may protect both systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle PURPOSE To up date a clinical practice guideline on the use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy protectants for patients with cancer . METHODS An up date committee review ed literature published since the last guideline up date in 2002 . RESULTS Thirty-nine reports met the inclusion criteria : palifermin and dexrazoxane , three reports ( two studies ) each ; amifostine , 33 reports ( 31 studies ) ; and mesna , no published r and omized trials identified since 2002 . RECOMMENDATIONS Dexrazoxane is not recommended for routine use in breast cancer ( BC ) in adjuvant setting , or metastatic setting with initial doxorubicin-based chemotherapy . Consider use with metastatic BC and other malignancies , for patients who have received more than 300 mg/m(2 ) doxorubicin  who may benefit from continued doxorubicin-containing therapy . Cardiac monitoring should continue in patients receiving doxorubicin . Amifostine may be considered for prevention of cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity , reduction of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia ( alternative strategies are reasonable ) , and to decrease acute and late xerostomia with fractionated radiation therapy alone for head and neck cancer . It is not recommended for protection against thrombocytopenia , prevention of platinum-associated neurotoxicity or ototoxicity or paclitaxel-associated neuropathy , prevention of radiation therapy-associated mucositis in head and neck cancer , or prevention of esophagitis during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer . Palifermin is recommended to decrease severe mucositis in autologous stem-cell transplantation ( SCT ) for hematologic malignancies with total-body irradiation ( TBI ) conditioning regimens , and considered for patients undergoing myeloablative allogeneic SCT with TBI-based conditioning regimens . Data are insufficient to recommend use in the non-SCT setting Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of carvedilol on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity . Methods : In this trial , 70 female patients with breast cancer who were c and i date s to receive doxorubicin were enrolled , from which 30 were selected r and omly to receive carvedilol 6.25 mg daily during chemotherapy , with the rest receiving placebo as the control group . Both groups were evaluated 1 week before and 1 week after chemotherapy by measuring the left ventricular ejection fraction and strain/strain rate . Results : Data analysis showed that the case group presented no significant reduction in strain and strain-rate parameters after intervention , while there was a significant reduction in these parameters in the control group ( all p values < 0.001 ) . Also , the mean differences of strain parameters in the case group were significantly less than in the control group in all evaluated heart walls ( basal septal strain , p = 0.005 , basal lateral strain , p = 0.001 , basal inferior strain , p < 0.001 , and basal anterior strain , p < 0.001 ) ; the same was true for the strain-rate parameters ( the p values for basal septal , basal lateral , basal inferior and basal anterior strain rate were 0.037 , 0.037 , 0.002 and < 0.001 , respectively ) . Conclusion : This study shows that carvedilol can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity . Whether this prophylaxis should be considered as the preferred method needs further investigation OBJECTIVE To evaluate left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function by means of echocardiography in patients with osteosarcoma treated with doxorubicin alone or in combination with dexrazoxane .  METHODS The study analyzed 55 patients with osteosarcoma , with or without metastasis , undergoing a six-cycle chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin , who were divided into two groups according to dexrazoxane use . Group I : Thirty-seven patients who did not receive dexrazoxane ( 28 males , average age 15.4 years ) . Group II : Eighteen patients who did receive dex 
    Output:
    
Carvedilol and nebivolol , but not metoprolol , had positive results regarding cardioprotection .