***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To examine  antidepressant use before and after the diagnosis of diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a longitudinal analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic groups selected from a prospect i ve cohort study of 151,618 men and women in Finl and ( the Finnish Public Sector Study , 1995–2005 ) . We analyzed the use of antidepressants in those 493 individuals who developed type 2 diabetes and their 2,450 matched nondiabetic control subjects for each year during a period covering 4 years before and 4 years after the diagnosis . For comparison , we undertook a corresponding analysis on 748 individuals who developed cancer and their 3,730 matched control subjects . RESULTS In multilevel longitudinal models , the odds ratio for antidepressant use in those who developed diabetes was 2.00 ( 95 % CI 1.57–2.55 ) times greater than that in nondiabetic subjects . The relative difference in antidepressant use between these groups was similar before and after the diabetes diagnosis except for a temporary peak in  antidepressant use at the year of the diagnosis ( OR 2.66 [ 95 % CI 1.94–3.65 ] ) . In incident cancer case subjects , antidepressant use substantially increased after the cancer diagnosis , demonstrating that our analysis was sensitive for detecting long-term changes in antidepressant trajectories when they existed . CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes may temporarily increase the risk of depressive symptoms . Further research is needed to determine whether more prevalent use of antidepressants noted before the diagnosis of diabetes relates to effects of depression , side effects of antidepressant use , or a common causal pathway for depression and diabetes It has been hypothesized that coverage of diabetes-specific issues ( e.g. coping with complications , incapacity , pain ) during psychotherapy may optimize the likelihood of treatment success for depression in patients with diabetes . However , it is still unclear how often depression is confounded by diabetes-specific emotional problems . We aim to determine the levels of diabetes-specific emotional problems in diabetic individuals with high versus low levels of depression in a sample of 539 out patients with diabetes ( 202 Dutch , 185 Croatian and 152 English ) . Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scales . Percentages of patients with high depression scores were : 39 and 34 % ( Croatian men and women ) , 19 and 21 % ( Dutch men and women ) , 19 and 39 % ( English men and women ) . Moreover , 79 % ( Croatian ) , 47 % ( Dutch ) and 41 % ( English ) of the patients with a severe depression score reported to have four or more serious diabetes-specific emotional problems . For patients with low depression scores , these percentages were : 29 % ( Croatian ) , 11 % ( Dutch ) and 1 % ( English ) . Serious diabetes-specific emotional problems are particularly prevalent in depressed diabetes patients . R and omized controlled trials are warranted to test whether coverage of diabetes-specific issues during psychotherapy can further improve the treatment of depression in diabetes Objective : To investigate the association between diabetes and impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) and cognition and risk of developing both dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( MCI )  in older women . Methods : The authors analyzed data from a 4-year r and omized trial of raloxifene among 7,027 osteoporotic postmenopausal women ( mean age , 66.3 years ) at 178 sites . Diabetes was defined by history , fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L ( ≥126 mg/dL ) , or use of hypoglycemic agents ; IFG was defined as fasting glucose < 7.0 mmol/L but > 6.11 mmol/L ( 110 mg/dL ) ; all others were considered to have normal glucose ( NG ) . The main outcome was baseline and 4-year change on five st and ardized cognitive tests ( z scores with lower scores indicating worse performance ) and risk of developing clinical ly significant impairment ( dementia , mild cognitive impairment , or very low cognitive score ) . Results : A total of 267 ( 3.8 % ) women had diabetes and 297 ( 4.2 % ) had IFG . Women with IFG had worse baseline cognitive scores compared to women with NG but better scores than diabetics ( age-adjusted composite z score based on five tests : NG 0.40 , 95 % CI 0.30 to 0.49 ; IFG 0.14 , 95 % CI −0.36 to 0.64 ; diabetics −0.78 , 95 % CI −1.23 to −0.33 ; p < 0.001 ) . There was greater 4-year decline among diabetics ( age and treatment-adjusted composite z score : NG −0.05 , 95 % CI −0.16 to 0.05 ; IFG 0.11 , 95 % CI −0.53 to 0.75 ; diabetics −1.00 , 95 % CI −1.50 to −0.50 ; p = 0.001 ) . Further adjustment for education , race , and depression led to similar results . Risk of developing cognitive impairment among women with IFG or diabetes was increased by almost twofold ( age and treatment-adjusted OR = 1.64 ; 95 % CI 1.03 to 2.61 for IFG ; OR = 1.79 ; 95 % CI 1.14 to 2.81 for diabetics ) . Conclusions : Diabetic as well as pre-diabetic women  have impaired cognitive performance and greater risk of developing cognitive impairment 
    Output:
    
Results of this meta- analysis show that the risk of depression is similar for NGM , IGM , and UDD subjects .
PDD subjects have an increased risk of depression relative to IGM and UDD subjects