***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The aim of this r and omized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of microwave denture disinfection and nystatin in the treatment of well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients with denture stomatitis in terms of microbiologic and clinical outcomes . MATERIAL S AND METHOD Diabetic patients wearing maxillary complete dentures with denture stomatitis ( n = 40 ) were divided into two groups : NYS ( patients treated with topical nystatin 4 times/day for 14 days ) and MW ( patients who had their dentures microwaved [ 650 W for 3 minutes ] 3 times/week for 14 days ) . Mycologic sample s were taken from the palates and dentures of the patients for quantification and identification of C and ida , and st and ardized photographs of the palates were taken for clinical analysis . Evaluations were repeated at baseline , the end of treatment ( day 14 ) , and throughout follow-up ( days 30 , 60 , and 90 ) . Microbiologic data were evaluated by analysis of variance using a r and om effects statistical model , Tukey post hoc test , and chi-square test ( α = .05 ) . Clinical results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests ( α = .05 ) . RESULTS Both treatments were considered successful in reducing the clinical signs of denture stomatitis and significantly reduced the values of colony-forming units/mL from the palates and dentures at days 14 and 30 . In addition , 40 % of treated patients were cured by the end of treatment . No significant differences in the microbiologic and clinical outcomes were revealed between the two groups ( P > .05 ) . C albicans was the most predominant species isolated ( P < .01 ) , followed by C tropicalis and C glabrata . CONCLUSION Denture microwave disinfection was as effective as nystatin for the treatment of diabetic patients with denture stomatitis BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Denture stomatitis ( DS ) is a common inflammatory condition that affects denture wearers . The aim of this study was to examine , in vivo , the effect of diode laser irradiation on fungal growth in both the palatal mucosa and in denture base material s , in denture wearing patients . STUDY DESIGN / MATERIAL S AND METHODS In total , 70 patients with clinical study design evidence of DS participated in this parallel , single blind , and placebo controlled study . The subjects were r and omly assigned to one of four different treatment regimens : ( 1 ) irradiation with a 685 nm wavelength laser for 10 minutes ( 30 mW ) ; ( 2 ) irradiation with a 830 nm wavelength laser for 5 minutes ( 60 mW ) . A semiconductor diode laser , BTL-2000 ( BTL-2 Dravotnicka Technika , Prague , Czech Republic ) , was used in both treatment cases using an energy density of 3.0 J/cm(2 ) and a continuous working mode for five consecutive days ; ( 3 ) placebo-sham irradiation of patients ; ( 4 ) antimicotic-self treatment of patient 's palatal mucosa with an antifungal oral gel and the use of an antiseptic solution for their dentures . The effect of laser light on fungal growth in vivo was evaluated after final treatment using the swab method and a semi-quantitative estimation of C and ida albicans colonies cultivated on agar plates . RESULTS A fungicidal effect was achieved in the laser treated and antimicotic treated groups , whereas most subjects in the placebo group were found to have unchanged conditions on both their palate ( P = 0,004 ) and dentures ( P < 0,001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Light from a low-power laser ( LLLT ) may be valuable in the treatment of DS . This is of great importance since the rate of recurrence of disease is high , whereas an optimal treatment modality has not yet been found abstract – In a double-blind study conducted on 53 wearers of complete dentures , application of 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate to the fitting surface of the maxillary denture for 2 weeks was found to produce a significant amelioration of inflamed tissues beneath the denture . Mycelium was eliminated in 90 % of the patients , as evaluated by palatal smears . Five weeks after the treatment was terminated the c and ida infection of the palatal mucosa was re-established in all but one of the patients , probably because disinfection of the maxillary denture did not effect a complete suppression of c and ida growth , neither in the palate nor in other sites of the oral cavity . It is concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate is an appropriate alternative to specific antimycotic drugs for the treatment of palatal can didiasis . However , until conclusive evidence has been produced that prolonged mouth-rinsing with chlorhexidine is biologically acceptable , it should be used primarily as a denture disinfectant , whereas specific antimycotic drugs should be used to eradicate c and ida residing on the oral mucosa INTRODUCTION Denture stomatitis ( DS ) is the most common form of chronic oral c and idiasis . The st and ard treatment for DS is nystatin , which is accompanied with complications such as a bitter taste . The aim of this study was to compare the effect of garlic with nystatin in DS . MATERIAL AND METHODS This r and omised clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients with DS . After obtaining written consent , patients were divided into two groups while members of each group were given either nystatin or garlic extract for 4 weeks . The length and width of erythema area was measured at the end of the first , second , third , and the fourth weeks using a calliper . Data were analysed by SPSS and statistical tests including variance analysis with anova repeated measures , chi-square , and least square differences . RESULTS The changes in the length and width of erythema at different times according to the type of treatment were found to be significant while an accelerated recovery was demonstrated for nystatin ( p < 0.001 ) . Both regimens result ed in significant recovery ( p < 0.0001 ) . Greater satisfaction with the use of garlic rather than nystatin was mentioned ( p < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Considering the efficacy of garlic and lack of side effects for this compound and also regarding the nystatin-associated complications , garlic extract can be introduced as a substitution for st and ard treatment in DS A double-blind trial was carried out to study the effect of oral administration of fluconazole in the treatment of C and ida-associated denture stomatitis . The study group consisted of 38 denture stomatitis patients who harbored yeasts , predominantly C and ida spp . , in significant numbers as determined by culture from the lesions . Half of the patients received 50 mg of fluconazole per day orally for 14 days , and the other half received placebo capsules . The following parameters were studied : degree of palatal erythema , presence of yeast cells ( by plate count and microscopy of smears ) , identification to the species level of dominant yeast organisms , biotyping of C and ida albicans , and treatment-related side effects . A significant reduction of erythema was seen after treatment with fluconazole , but the inflammation showed partial relapse 2 to 4 weeks after treatment was terminated . Reduced soreness of the oral mucosa was reported by six of the patients in the fluconazole group . No significant clinical or yeast flora changes were observed in the placebo group . Extensive changes in the yeast flora were observed in the fluconazole group , both in quantity and in composition of yeast species and C. albicans strains ( biotypes ) , which perhaps indicated differences in pathogenicity and fluconazole susceptibility among various yeast species and C. albicans strains . Fluconazole did not produce any changes in the results of blood and urine analyses . The results indicate that fluconazole is a safe and well-tolerated antimycotic drug . The transient clinical and antimycotic effect may have been due in part to the possibility that therapeutic concentrations of the drug were not reached beneath the fitting denture surface and within the denture plaque A double-blind trial of nystatin , amphotericin B , and a placebo was carried out in fifty-two cases of denture-related c and idiasis and /or angular cheilitis . The drugs effected a significant clinical cure , but recurrence of the signs was common after withdrawal of the drugs . Concurrent bacteriologic examination showed few cures and continued presence of C and ida albicans during the trial . A specimen from a red palate was examined histologically Thirty-four institutionalized subjects ( mean age , 81 years ) with a positive test for C. albicans pseudohyphae were r and omly assigned to test ( microwave ) and control ( soak ) groups . All subjects received the same course of topical antifungal medication ( Nystatin 300,000 IU lozenges 3x daily for 14 days ) . Subjects in the microwave treatment group had their maxillary denture scrubbed and then microwaved for one minute at 850 Watts . This procedure was repeated three times . For subjects receiving the st and ard denture soak treatment , the nursing staff was instructed to disinfect the maxillary dentures in 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate solution overnight for 14 days , changing the solution every two days . Infestation of the tissue surface of the maxillary denture with C. albicans progressively took place over the three-month period following treatment such that 8 ( 53 % ) of the microwaved dentures and 16 ( 84 % ) of the soaked dentures demonstrated pseudohyphae as determined by Gram stain . Infection of the soft tissues with the hyphal form of C. albicans also increased with time . After three months , one ( 8 % ) patient in the microwave group and 12 ( 63 % ) patients in the denture soak group demonstrated pseudohyphae on the cytological smears . Re-infestation of the denture surface and infection of the adjacent soft tissue were delayed dramatically in patients whose dentures were microwaved compared with those whose dentures were disinfected by being soaked in a chlorhexidine solution . However , microwave treatment is not recommended for all dentures and should be used with caution OBJECTIVE To assess personal oral health care st and ards among frail , elderly and infirm nursing home residents prior to developing and evaluating a health promotion intervention . DESIGN Descriptive survey , interview and clinical data . SETTING 22 r and omly selected nursing homes in the Bristol area . METHOD 412 residents with denture(s ) and /or natural teeth , and giving informed consent to the study were interviewed about dental attendance and current dental problems . A clinical examination assessed levels of oral and denture hygiene , denture-related stomatitis , gingivitis , calculus and root caries . RESULTS Less than half the subjects ( mean age 84.5 years ) were ambulant . Over 70 % had not seen a dentist for over 5 years , and 22 % reported a current dental problem . Among denture wearers , 82 % were unable to clean their dentures ; staff cleaned dentures for 64 % . Denture-related stomatitis affected 33 % , and unhygienic dentures were worn by 95 % of subjects . Among dentate subjects ( mean number of teeth 11.6 ) , 75 % were unable to clean their teeth yet none received regular assistance . On average , two-thirds of each tooth surface were covered in plaque . Gingivitis was moderately severe . Calculus was present in 82 % of subjects and root caries in 63 % of subjects . CONCLUSIONS Most residents required help with oral health care but many did not receive it . Residents ' levels of plaque and associated dental disease were high . Staff did not effectively perform oral health care appropriate to residents ' needs . Further research to evaluate an oral health care training programme for care staff is planned UNLABELLED The effectiveness of microwave disinfection of maxillary complete dentures on the treatment of C and ida-related denture stomatitis was evaluated . Patients ( n = 60 ) were r and omly assigned to one of four treatment groups of 15 subjects each ; CONTROL GROUP patients performed the routine denture care ; Mw group : patients had their upper denture microwaved ( 650 W per 6 min ) three times per week for 30 days ; group MwMz : patients received the treatment of Mw group in conjunction with topical application of miconazole three times per day for 30 days ; group Mz : patients received the antifungal therapy of group MwMz . Cytological smears and mycological cultures were taken from the dentures and the palates of all patients before treatment at day 15 and 30 of treatment and at follow-up ( days 60 and 90 ) . The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests . Microbial and clinical analysis of the control group demonstrated no significant decrease in the c and idal infection over the clinical trial . Smears and cultures of palates and dentures of the groups Mw and MwMz exhibited absence of C and ida at day 15 and 30 of treatment . On day 60 and 90 , few mycelial forms were observed on 11 denture smears ( 36.6 % ) from groups Mw and MwMz , but not on the palatal smears . Miconazole ( group Mz ) neither caused significant reduction of palatal inflammation nor eradicated C and ida from the dentures and palates . Microwaving dentures was effective for the treatment of denture stomatitis . The recurrence of C and ida on microwaved dentures at follow-up was dramatically reduced This study compared the effects of fluconazole , fluconazole plus chlorhexidine , and placing new dentures for the treatment of generalized simple dent 
    Output:
    
Disinfection agents , antiseptic mouthwashes , natural substances with antimicrobial properties , microwave disinfection and photodynamic therapy could be suggested as an adjunct or alternative to antifungal medications in the treatment of denture stomatitis