***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of elastic tape ( Kinesio tape ) to placebo tape or static stretching on  delayed onset muscle soreness . Fifty-one untrained female healthy volunteers were r and omly assigned into three groups ( n = 17/group ) , elastic tape , placebo tape and stretching group . Muscle soreness was induced by 4 sets of 25 maximal isokinetic ( 60 ° .s−1 ) eccentric contractions of dominant quadriceps on an isokinetic dynamometer . Compared with placebo tape , the elastic tape participants had less muscle soreness at 72 h post-exercise ( p = 0.01 ) . The elastic tape also increased isometric strength at 72 h post-exercise compared with the placebo ( p = 0.03 ) and stretching group ( p = 0.02 ) . However , there was little effect between groups for changes in thigh circumference , jumping , pressure pain threshold , rate of perceived exertion , creatine kinase activity and joint motion .  Elastic taping  increased muscle strength recovery and reduced muscle soreness after intensive exercise OBJECTIVE Prolonged vibration stimulation to normal individuals could lead to muscle weakness attributable to attenuation of afferent feedback . This weakness is neurophysiologically similar to that seen in patients with knee injury . Theoretically , increasing input to gamma motor neurons could reverse this weakness . Sensory input to these neurons from skin could indirectly increase Ia afferent feedback . The present study examined the effect of this tactile stimulation in the form of Kinesiology tape on muscle weakness attributable to attenuation of afferent feedback . DESIGN R and omized , crossover design . METHODS All participants were measured their eccentric maximal voluntary contractions under the 2 conditions (  taping and non-taping ) . First , maximal voluntary contraction during eccentric contraction was measured as baseline . For the taping condition , Kinesiology tape was applied around each subject 's knee joint during maximal voluntary contraction measurement after vibration . For the non-taping condition , tape was not applied during maximal voluntary contraction measurement after vibration . Mean percentage changes between pre- and post-vibration stimulation were compared between two conditions . RESULTS Maximal voluntary contraction and average electromyography of taping condition was significantly larger than that of non-taping condition . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that tactile stimulation in the form of Kinesiology tape inhibits the decline of both strength and electromyography . Alpha motor neuron activity attenuated by prolonged vibration would thus be partially rescued by tactile stimulation . These results indirectly suggest that stimulation of skin around the knee could counter quadriceps femoris weakness due to attenuated Ia afferent activity Objective This study investigated the effect of Kinesio taping on the functionality , pain , range of motion ( ROM ) , and muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared with a placebo Kinesio tape ( KT ) application . Design Forty-two consecutive patients were r and omized to a KT group and a placebo taping group . The assessment s were performed at baseline , after the initial KT application , the third KT application , and 1 month later . The functional status of patients was evaluated using the Aggregated Locomotor Function score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis scale . Pain level , muscle strength , and active ROM were measured using the Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) , a h and held dynamometer , and digital goniometer , respectively . Results Patients receiving the KT application demonstrated large decrease in VAS activity and walking task scores compared with the placebo taping group from the initial taping application to after the third taping application ( P = 0.009 and P < 0.001 , respectively ) to the 1-month follow-up ( P = 0.007 and P < 0.001 , respectively ) . The KT group exhibited short-term improvement in VAS night and knee-flexion ROM after the 1-month follow-up ( P < 0.05 ) . There was no statistically significant difference in outcome measures in ROM and muscle strength between 2 groups . Conclusions This study demonstrates that Kinesio taping result ed in superior short-term effects on walking task , pain , and knee-flexion ROM compared with placebo taping in patients with knee osteoarthritis CONTEXT Kinesio taping ( KT ) is a new taping technique increasingly used in sports medicine to improve muscle performance ; however , its real effect is not entirely known . OBJECTIVE To assess the immediate effects of KT on muscle performance in young healthy elite soccer players . DESIGN Crossover study . SETTING University laboratory . PARTICIPANTS Eighteen young elite soccer players voluntarily participated in the study ( mean ± SEM : age 18.20 ± 2.45 y , height 1.76 ± 3.56 m , body mass 65.25 ± 3.76 kg , body-mass index 20.12 ± 1.25 kg/m2 ) . INTERVENTIONS Each subject completed 2 different protocol s , with and without KT . Interventions were performed in a r and om order , with a washout period between conditions of 1 wk . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included tensiomyographic response in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis , power output with 30 and 50 kg , countermovement jump , and 10-m sprint . RESULTS Data showed no significant differences for any of the outcomes analyzed between interventions . CONCLUSIONS KT does not produce a short-term improvement in muscle performance in young elite soccer players INTRODUCTION Kinesio taping consists of the attachment of a thin elastic tape over specific muscles , the thickness of which is similar to that of the epidermis . OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Kinesio taping and placebo taping on muscle torque , muscle activity and jumping performance soccer players . METHODS Thirty athletes were r and omly allocated to two groups ( Group A : Kinesio taping and Group B : placebo taping ) . The participants were instructed to perform the Hop test 's and were su bmi tted to an isokinetic evaluation of the knee extensors as well as an electromyographic evaluation of the retus femoris muscle of the dominant lower limb . Next , Kinesio taping was performed for the activation of the rectus femoris muscle in Group A and placebo taping was performed in Group B. The participants were reevaluated 30 minutes after taping and 24 hours after the first evaluation using the same tests . Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were made considering the three evaluation times . RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between groups at any evaluation time regarding the Hop test 's , root mean square of the electromyographic signal or peak torque of the knee extensors of the dominant lower limb ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Kinesio taping for the activation of the rectus femoris muscle has no effect on peak muscle torque , muscle activity or jumping performance among soccer players OBJECTIVES To analyze kinesio taping ( KT ) effect on  quadriceps strength  and lower limb function over a 7-day period . DESIGN Blind r and omized clinical trial . SETTING Hospital 's Physical Therapy Department . PARTICIPANTS Sixty healthy individuals ( 30 men and 30 women ) were r and omly distributed into three groups : Control -- without KT application ; Placebo -- placebo KT application and Experimental -- A KT application design ed to stimulate quadriceps femoris activity . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The quadriceps strength was measured using a manual dynamometer whereas lower limb function was assessed using the Single Hop Test for Distance . Evaluations occurred at five time-points : baseline ; immediately , 3 and 5 days after KT application ; and 72 h post KT withdrawal . RESULTS There was no significant interaction between time-points and groups for muscle strength : dominant ( P = 0.13 ) and non-dominant ( P = 0.41 ) and lower limb function : dominant ( P = 0.09 ) and non-dominant ( P = 0.53 ) ; but lower limb function within-group comparisons showed improvements in all groups at the evolution of all time-points analyzed for both limbs ( P = 0.001 ) . This is possibly due to a learning effect as the participants became more familiar with executing the assessment tests . CONCLUSION KT did not improve quadriceps strength and lower limb function  of healthy individuals and its application with these objectives should be reconsidered Objective In this study , we aim ed on investigating the effects of Kinesio taping ( KT ) in acute postoperative rehabilitation phase of anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction . Methods Thirty male patients ( mean age : 28.1 years ) with ACL reconstruction were r and omly assigned to two groups : ( 1 ) an experimental group to receive a KT treatment through the muscle and lymphatic correction techniques ; or ( 2 ) a control group for sham KT . Both interventions were applied twice during a 10-day period from the fourth postoperative day . All patients received the same rehabilitation program for three months . The groups were compared according to range of motion ( ROM ) , pain , swelling and muscle strength before treatment and on the fifth and tenth treatment days . Subjective evaluations were made with the Lysholm , modified Cincinnati and Tegner scores on the first and third postoperative months . Results Intragroup comparisons showed significant improvements in both groups on the fifth and tenth day and first and third month evaluations ( p < 0.05 ) . In comparison to the control group , the experimental group showed significant improvements in swelling around the patella , all pain measurements and hamstring muscle strength on the fifth KT day and knee flexion range of motion ( ROM ) , night pain , all swelling measurements and hamstring muscle strength on the tenth KT day ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion Our results revealed that KT techniques applied in addition to the acute rehabilitation program of ACL reconstruction are beneficial in treatment of pain , swelling , knee flexion ROM , and hamstring muscle strength . Level of evidence Level I , Therapeutic study Purpose It is an established fact that post-operative ( p.o . ) soft-tissue swelling and lymphoedema after total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) have a major influence on the p.o . early functional outcome .  Kinesio taping has a proven clinical effect in increasing lymph drainage . Despite the decades of experience gained and the assumed positive effects , hardly any investigations have been conducted to date on the influence of Kinesio taping on the p.o . healing process after TKA . The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that Kinesio taping used as a lymph application leads to a reduction of p.o . soft-tissue swelling . As a secondary objective , it was to be tested whether there is an effect on skin temperature as a surrogate parameter for dermal micro-circulation . Methods In this prospect i ve study with a historical control ( A-V Impulse System ™ group ) , 42 subjects were included and treated with Kinesio taping after implantation of a TKA . The patients of the study group were treated immediately p.o . with Kinesio ® Tex Gold ™ fan cut tape as a lymph application with a common base . A thermographic temperature determination of the knee joint operated on was performed on each patient in the supine position every day from the first to the seventh p.o . day . The leg circumference was documented daily at eight specified measuring points on both lower limbs . As a statistical analytical approach , the so-called principal component analysis was used . An analysis of variance was performed . The significance level was set at p < 0.001 . Results The course of soft-tissue swelling of the study group did not differ from that of the control group at any point in time . For the temperature course of the medial wound aspect , no difference was seen between the Kinesio taping study group and the A-V Impulse System ™ group . In contrast , the temperature course of the lateral wound aspect showed a reproducibly higher temperature in the Kinesio tape group than in the control group ( 0.6 ° C ( 0.5–0.8 ) , p < 0.001 ) . Conclusion The hypothesis of the study that Kinesio taping as a lymph application induces a reduction of soft-tissue swelling after TKA must be rejected on the basis of the present data . Solely the temperature of the lateral wound aspect was higher in the Kinesio taping group than in the control group , so that an increased blood circulation can be assumed here . Considering that the actively working A-V Impulse System ™ used in the control group also increases local blood circulation , the effect of the passive Kinesio tape is surprising . However , this was not reflected in a quicker wound healing , as the day of last wound secretion was the same in both groups . Kinesio taping as a lymph application represents an equivalent alternative to the A-V Impulse System ™ for therapy after total knee arthroplasty with regard to soft-tissue swelling and wound healing CONTEXT Kinesiology tape ( KT ) has become popular among athletes for both injury prevention and rehabilitation due to its reported therapeutic effects , including facilitation of lymphatic flow and enhanced peripheral blood flow . However , evidence to support such cl aims is insufficient . OBJECTIVE To determine whether KT improves skin blood flow ( SkBF ) responses in young , elite soccer players . DESIGN R and omized crossover study . SETTING Research laboratory . PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirteen healthy , elite , adolescent male soccer players ( age = 14.7 ± 0.6 years ) . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants completed 2 experimental trials ; during trial 1 , the volar aspect of the dominant forearm was taped . Forearm SkBF was measured within the taped area and 3 cm lateral to the taped area . During 
    Output:
    
The use of KT in population s without disabilities was not supported .
There is insufficient evidence for the effect of KT on functional performance in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions .
Conclusions Contrary to prior research , the existing evidence shows that KT can improve lower limb muscle strength in individuals with muscle fatigue and chronic musculoskeletal diseases .
The effect sizes produced in this meta- analysis show that KT may be superior to some existing treatments for these conditions .
In addition , this study suggests that practitioners may wish to avoid the use of KT in individuals without disabilities .