***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a one-year multi-component immersive day-camp weight-loss intervention for children with overweight and obesity . The study design was a parallel-group r and omized controlled trial . One hundred fifteen 11 - 13-year-old children with overweight and obesity were r and omized into either : A six-week day-camp intervention arm focusing on increased physical activity , and healthy diet followed by a subsequent one-year family-based intervention , or a st and ard intervention arm consisting of one weekly exercise session for six weeks .  Body mass index ( BMI ) was the primary outcome . BMI z-score , clustered cardiovascular risk z-score , and body composition were secondary outcomes . All outcomes were measured at baseline , six week- , and 52 week follow-up . After six weeks , children from the day-camp intervention arm had improved their BMI ( -2.2 kg/m2 ( 95 % CI -2.6 to -1.7 , P<0.001 ) ) and all secondary outcomes when compared to the children from the st and ard intervention arm . After 52 weeks , the day-camp intervention arm had a lower BMI ( -1.2 kg/m2 ( 95 % CI -1.8 to -0.5 , P = 0.001 ) ) , and BMI z-score ( -0.20 ( 95 % CI -0.35 to -0.05 , P = 0.008 ) ) , and clustered cardiovascular risk z-score ( -0.23 ( 95 % CI -0.37 to -0.08 , P = 0.002 ) ) compared to the st and ard intervention arm . No group differences were detected in body composition after 52 weeks . This study shows that the day-camp intervention arm is effective in reducing BMI and improving the metabolic health of  children with overweight and obesity . However , the effects seem to be diminishing over time OBJECTIVE The study presents the immediate post-intervention results of Kids and Adults Now - Defeat Obesity ! , a r and omized controlled trial to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviors in mother-preschooler ( 2 - 5 years old ) dyads in North Carolina ( 2007 - 2011 ) . The outcomes include change from baseline in the child 's diet , physical activity and weight , and in the mother 's parenting behaviors , diet , physical activity , and weight . METHOD The intervention targeted parenting through maternal emotion regulation , home environment , feeding practice s , and modeling of healthy behaviors .  400 mother-child dyads were r and omized . RESULTS Mothers in the intervention arm , compared to the control arm , reduced  instrumental feeding  ( -0.24 vs. 0.01 , p<0.001 ) and TV snacks ( -.069 vs. -0.24 , p=0.001 ) . There were also improvements in emotional feeding ( p=0.03 ) , mother 's sugary beverage ( p=0.03 ) and fruit/vegetable ( p=0.04 ) intake , and dinners eaten in front of TV ( p=0.01 ) ; these differences were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons . CONCLUSION KAN-DO , design ed to maximize the capacity of mothers as agents of change , improved several channels of maternal influence . There were no group differences in the primary outcomes , but differences were observed in the parenting and maternal outcomes and there were trends toward improvement in the preschoolers ' diets . Long-term follow-up will address whether these short-term trends ultimately improve weight status OBJECTIVE : To determine whether a 2-year family-based intervention using frequent contact and limited expert involvement was effective in reducing excessive weight compared with usual care . METHODS : Two hundred and six overweight and obese ( BMI ≥85th percentile ) children aged 4 to 8 years were r and omized to usual care ( UC ) or tailored package ( TP ) sessions at university research rooms . UC families received personalized feedback and generalized advice regarding healthy lifestyles at baseline and 6 months . TP families attended a single multidisciplinary session to develop specific goals suitable for each family , then met with a mentor each month for 12 months , and every third month for another 12 months to discuss progress and provide support . Outcome measurements ( anthropometry , question naires , dietary intake , accelerometry ) were obtained at 0 , 12 , and 24 months . RESULTS : BMI at 24 months was significantly lower in TP compared with UC children ( difference , 95 % confidence interval : –0.34 , –0.65 to –0.02 ) , as was BMI z score ( –0.12 , –0.20 to –0.04 ) and waist circumference ( –1.5 , –2.5 to –0.5 cm ) . TP children consumed more fruit and vegetables ( P = .038 ) and fewer noncore foods ( P = .020 ) than UC children , and fewer noncore foods were available in the home ( P = .002 ) . TP children were also more physically active ( P = .035 ) . No differences in parental feeding practice s , parenting , quality of life , child sleep , or behavior were observed . CONCLUSIONS : Frequent , low-dose support was effective for reducing excessive weight in predominantly mild to moderately overweight children over a 2-year period . Such initiatives could feasibly be incorporated into primary care Background Obesity is mainly attributed to environmental factors . In developed countries , the time spent on physical activity tasks is decreasing , whereas sedentary behaviour patterns are increasing . The purpose of the intervention is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive family-based behavioural multi-component intervention ( Nereu programme ) and compared it to counselling intervention such as a health centre intervention programme for the management of children ’s obesity . Methods / Design The study design is a r and omized controlled multicenter clinical trial using two types of interventions : Nereu and Counselling . The Nereu programme is an 8-month intensive family-based multi-component behavioural intervention . This programme is based on a multidisciplinary intervention consisting of 4 components : physical activity sessions for children , family theoretical and practical sessions for parents , behaviour strategy sessions involving both , parents and children , and lastly , weekend extra activities for all . Counselling is offered to the family in the form of a monthly physical health and eating habits session .  Participants will be recruited according the following criteria : 6 to 12 year-old-children , referred from their paediatricians due to overweight or obesity according the International Obesity Task Force criteria and with a sedentary profile ( less than 2 hours per week of physical activity ) , they must live in or near the municipality of Lleida ( Spain ) and their healthcare paediatric unit must have previously accepted to cooperate with this study . The following variables will be evaluated : a ) cardiovascular risk factors ( anthropometric parameters , blood test and blood pressure ) , b ) sedentary and physical activity behaviour and dietary intake , c ) psychological aspects d ) health related quality of life ( HRQOL ) , e ) cost-effectiveness of the intervention in relation to HRQOL . These variables will be then be evaluated 4 times longitudinally : at baseline , at the end of the intervention ( 8 months later ) , 6 and 12 months after the intervention . We have considered necessary to recruit 100 children and divide them in 2 groups of 50 to detect the differences between the groups . Discussion This trial will provide new evidence for the long-term effects of childhood obesity management , as well as help to know the impact of the present intervention as a health intervention tool for healthcare centres . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov , Background Childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly worldwide . There is limited evidence for effective lifestyle interventions to prevent childhood obesity worldwide , especially in developing countries like China . The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a school-based multi-component lifestyle childhood obesity prevention program ( the CLICK-Obesity study ) in Mainl and China . Methods A cluster r and omized controlled trial was developed among grade 4 students from 8 urban primary schools ( 638 students in intervention , 544 as control ) in Nanjing City , China . Students were r and omly allocated to the control or intervention group at school-level . A one-year multi-component intervention program ( classroom curriculum , school environment support , family involvement and fun programs/events ) together with routine health education was provided to the intervention group , while the control group received routine health education only . The main outcome variables assessed were changes in body mass index , obesity occurrence , obesity-related lifestyle behaviors and knowledge . Results Overall , 1108 ( 93.7 % ) of the 1182 enrolled students completed the intervention study . The intervention group had a larger marginal reduction than did the control group in overall mean BMI value ( -0.32±1.36 vs. -0.29±1.40 , p = 0.09 ) , although this was not significant . Compared with the control group , the intervention group was more likely to decrease their BMI ( OR = 1.44 , 95%CI = 1.10 , 1.87 ) by 0.5 kg/m2 or above , increase the frequency of jogging/running ( OR = 1.55 , 95%CI = 1.18 , 2.02 ) , decrease the frequency of TV/computer use ( OR = 1.41 , 95%CI = 1.09 , 1.84 ) and of red meat consumption ( OR = 1.50 , 95%CI = 1.15 , 1.95 ) , change commuting mode to/from school from sedentary to active mode ( OR = 2.24 , 95%CI = 1.47 , 3.40 ) , and be aware of the harm of selected obesity risk factors . Conclusions The school-based lifestyle intervention program was practical and effective in improving health behaviors and obesity-related knowledge for children in China . This study provides important policy implication s on school-based intervention programs for modifications of obesity-related lifestyles . Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry BACKGROUND Few successful treatment modalities exist to address childhood obesity . Given Latinos ' strong identity with family , a family-focused intervention may be able to control Latino childhood obesity . PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a family-centered , primary care-based approach to control childhood obesity through lifestyle choices . DESIGN R and omized waitlist controlled trial in which control participants received the intervention 6 months after the intervention group . SETTING / PARTICIPANTS Forty-one Latino children with BMI > 85 % , aged 9 - 12 years , and their caregivers were recruited from an urban community health center located in a predominantly low-income community . INTERVENTION Children and their caregivers received 6 weeks of interactive group classes followed by 6 months of culturally sensitive monthly in-person or phone coaching to empower families to incorporate learned lifestyles and to address both family and social barriers to making changes . MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Caregiver report on child and child self-reported health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) ; metabolic markers of obesity ; BMI ; and accelerometer-based physical activity were measured July 2010-November 2011 and compared with post-intervention assessment s conducted at 6 months and as a function of condition assignment . Data were analyzed in 2012 . RESULTS Average attendance rate to each group class was 79 % . Socio-environmental and family factors , along with knowledge , were cited as barriers to changing lifestyles to control obesity . Caregiver proxy and child self-reported HRQoL improved for both groups with a larger but not nonsignificant difference among intervention vs control group children ( p=0.33 ) . No differences were found between intervention and control children for metabolic markers of obesity , BMI , or physical activity .  CONCLUSIONS Latino families are willing to participate in group classes and health coaching to control childhood obesity . It may be necessary for primary care to partner with community initiatives to address childhood obesity in a more intense manner . TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at Clinical trials.partners.org 2009P001721 Background : The best outcomes for treating childhood obesity have come from comprehensive family-based programmes . However there are questions over their generalizability . Objective : To examine the acceptability and effectiveness of ‘ family-based behavioural treatment ’ ( FBBT ) for childhood obesity in an ethnically and socially diverse sample of families in a UK National Health Service ( NHS ) setting . Methods : In this parallel group , r and omized controlled trial , 72 obese children were r and omized to  FBBT  or a waiting-list control . Primary outcomes were body mass index ( BMI ) and BMI s.d . scores ( SDSs ) . Secondary outcomes were weight , weight SDSs , height , height SDSs , waist , waist SDSs , FM index , FFM index , blood pressure ( BP ) and psychosocial measures . The outcomes were assessed at baseline and after treatment , with analyses of 6-month data performed on an intent-to-treat ( ITT ) basis . Follow-up anthropometric data were collected at 12 months for the treatment group . Results : ITT analyses included all children with baseline data ( n=60 ) . There were significant BMI SDS changes ( P<0.01 ) for the treatment and control groups of −0.11 ( 0.16 ) and −0.10 ( 1.6 ) . The treatment group showed a significant reduction in systolic BP ( −0.24 ( 0.7 ) , P<0.05 ) and improvements in quality of life and eating attitudes ( P<0.05 ) , with no significant changes for the control group 
    Output:
    
The home-based intervention positively reduced BMI .