***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Therapeutic interventions that incorporate training in mindfulness meditation have become increasingly popular , but to date little is known about neural mechanisms associated with these interventions . Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) , one of the most widely used mindfulness training programs , has been reported to produce positive effects on psychological well-being and to ameliorate symptoms of a number of disorders . Here , we report a controlled longitudinal study to investigate pre-post changes in brain gray matter concentration attributable to participation in an MBSR program . Anatomical magnetic resonance ( MR ) images from 16 healthy , meditation-naïve participants were obtained before and after they underwent the 8-week program . Changes in gray matter concentration were investigated using voxel-based morphometry , and compared with a waiting list control group of 17 individuals . Analyses in a priori regions of interest confirmed increases in gray matter concentration within the left hippocampus . Whole brain analyses identified increases in the posterior cingulate cortex , the temporo-parietal junction , and the cerebellum in the MBSR group compared with the controls . The results suggest that participation in MBSR is associated with changes in gray matter concentration in brain regions involved in learning and memory processes , emotion regulation , self-referential processing , and perspective taking BACKGROUND Rates of mental illness in children are increasing throughout the world . Observational studies of depression , anxiety , and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder suggest that zinc is an alternative treatment . OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of zinc supplementation on the mental health of school-age children in Guatemala . DESIGN From January to October 2006 , we conducted a 6-mo r and omized , double-blind , controlled trial comparing zinc supplementation ( 10 mg ZnO/d for 5 d/wk ) with a placebo ( 10 mg glucose ) in 674 Guatemalan children in grade s 1 - 4 . Outcome measures included internalizing ( ie , depression and anxiety ) and externalizing ( ie , hyperactivity and conduct disorder ) problem behaviors , positive behaviors ( ie , socialization and leadership ) , and serum zinc concentrations . RESULTS Zinc and placebo groups did not differ significantly in any behavioral measures at baseline or at follow-up . At baseline , 21.4 % of children had serum zinc concentrations < 65 μg/dL. At follow-up , both groups improved significantly , and zinc concentrations were higher in the zinc group . Increases in serum zinc concentrations were inversely associated with decreases in depressive symptoms ( estimate : -0.01 points per μg Zn/dL ; P = 0.01 ) , anxiety ( estimate : -0.012 points per μg Zn/dL ; P = 0.02 ) , internalizing symptoms ( estimate : -0.021 points per μg Zn/dL ; P = 0.02 ) , and social skills ( estimate : -0.019 points per μg Zn/dL ; P = 0.01 ) in adjusted models that were controlled for child age , sex , socioeconomic status , household , and treatment group . CONCLUSIONS Six months of zinc supplementation did not induce differences in mental health outcomes between zinc and placebo groups . However , increases in serum zinc concentrations were associated with decreases in internalizing symptoms ( ie , depression and anxiety ) in a community-based sample of children at risk of zinc deficiency . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00283660 Generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ) is a chronic anxiety disorder , associated with comorbidity and impairment in quality of life , for which improved psychosocial treatments are needed . GAD is also associated with reactivity to and avoidance of internal experiences . The current study examined the efficacy of an acceptance-based behavioral therapy aim ed at increasing acceptance of internal experiences and encouraging action in valued domains for GAD . Clients were r and omly assigned to immediate ( n = 15 ) or delayed ( n = 16 ) treatment .  Acceptance-based behavior therapy led to statistically significant reductions in clinician-rated and self-reported GAD symptoms that were maintained at 3- and 9-month follow-up assessment s ; significant reductions in depressive symptoms were also observed . At posttreatment assessment 78 % of treated participants no longer met criteria for GAD and 77 % achieved high end-state functioning ; these proportions stayed constant or increased over time . As predicted , treatment was associated with decreases in experiential avoidance and increases in mindfulness Purpose Patients who undergo regional anesthesia experience anxiety in the preoperative period . Passiflora incarnata Linneaus is a plant that has traditionally been used as an anxiolytic and sedative . We aim ed to investigate the effect of preoperative oral administration of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus on anxiety , psychomotor functions , sedation , and hemodynamics in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia . Methods Under local ethics committee approval , 60 patients who were aged 25–55 years and ASAI – II and who were scheduled for spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind and placebo-controlled study . Thirty minutes before spinal anesthesia , baseline hemodynamic parameters , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) score , sedation score , and psychomotor function test results were measured , then patients were r and omly assigned to two groups : oral Passiflora incarnata Linneaus extract or placebo was given to the patients . Tests were repeated just before spinal anesthesia . Hemodynamics , sedation score , sensory-motor block and side effects were assessed during the operation . Psychomotor function tests were repeated at the end of the operation and 60 min after the operation . Results There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the increase in State Anxiety Inventory ( STAI-S ) score obtained just before spinal anesthesia when compared to the baseline . There was no statistically significant difference in psychomotor function from the baseline for either group . A significant difference was not found between the two groups in demographics , psychomotor function , sedation score , hemodynamics , and side effects . Conclusion Oral preoperative administration of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus suppresses the increase in anxiety before spinal anesthesia without changing psychomotor function test results , sedation level , or hemodynamics OBJECTIVES Despite being widely consumed , the effects of multi-vitamin supplements on psychological functioning have received little research attention . METHODS Using a mobile phone testing paradigm , 198 males ( 30 - 55 years ) in full-time employment took part in this r and omised , placebo-controlled , double-blind , parallel-groups trial assessing the effects of a multi-vitamin/mineral on cognitive performance and psychological state/mood . Participants completed two cognitive tasks and a number of  visual analogue scales ( VAS )  before and after a full day 's work , on the day before , and 7 , 14 , 21 and 28 days after , commencing their treatment . RESULTS Participants in the vitamin/mineral group rated themselves as having greater ' physical stamina ' across assessment s and weeks . They also rated themselves as having had greater ' concentration ' and ' mental stamina ' during the working day at the assessment carried out after a day 's work , but not at the time of the assessment completed prior to work . Participants in this group also reported greater subjective ' alertness ' on Bond-Lader mood scales during the post-work assessment on day 14 and both the pre and post-work assessment s on day 28 . CONCLUSIONS These findings complement the results from the laboratory-based , r and omised-controlled trial in the same cohort and suggest that healthy members of the general population may benefit from augmented levels of vitamins/minerals via direct dietary supplementation Abstract Rationale and objective . Preliminary data have shown that St John 's wort might possess some specific efficacy in patients with somatoform complaints . Therefore , the efficacy of the Hypericum extract LI 160 in patients with somatoform disorders should be studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion . Methods . This was a multicentre , r and omised , placebo controlled , 6-week trial comparing the efficacy of LI 160 ( 600 mg/day ) and placebo in 151 out- patients suffering from somatization disorder ( ICD-10 : F45.0 ) , undifferentiated somatoform disorder ( F45.1 ) , or somatoform autonomic dysfunctions ( F45.3 ) . The primary outcome measure was the decrease of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale , subfactor somatic anxiety ( HAMA-SOM ) , during the trial period . Results . LI 160 was superior effective concerning the primary outcome criterion HAMA-SOM [ decrease from 15.39 ( SD 2.68 ) to 6.64 ( 4.32 ) in the Hypericum group and from 15.55 ( 2.94 ) to 11.97 ( 5.58 ) in the placebo group ( statistically significant difference , P=0.001 ) ] . This was corroborated by the result of a statistically significant superior efficacy in the outcome criteria additionally used such as Clinical Global Impression , HAMA-total score , HAMA , subscore psychic anxiety , Hamilton Depression Scale , Self-Report Symptom Inventory 90 items – revised ( SCL-90-R ) , and SCL-90-R , subscore somatic anxiety . The efficacy of LI 160 was preserved after splitting the population in those with mild and those with severe depressive symptoms . Tolerability of LI 160 was excellent . Conclusion . The data from this trial show excellent efficacy and tolerability for LI 160 in somatoform disorders . The efficacy is independent of an existing depressive mood . This is the first study showing the efficacy of a drug in patients with somatisation disorder independent of depressive symptomatology Background The prevalence of mental illness in young people is the highest of any age group , with the onset of depression , anxiety and substance use peaking between 18 and 24 years . Effective treatments that target sub-threshold or mild to moderate levels of disorder in young people are required to reduce the risk of persistence and recurrence . The aims of this study are to evaluate whether treatments that are less intensive than cognitive-behaviour therapy , such as problem solving therapy and exercise treatments , are acceptable and effective in managing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people and to identify possible attributes in those who are likely to respond to these treatments . Methods / design This is a factorial r and omised controlled trial conducted at a large , metropolitan youth mental health service . Participants are young help-seekers aged 15 - 25 years with sub-threshold or mild to moderate levels of depression and anxiety ( with or without comorbid substance use ) . The interventions comprise 4 treatment combinations delivered by psychologists over 6 sessions on a weekly basis : a psychological intervention ( problem solving therapy versus supportive counselling ) and an exercise intervention ( behavioural exercise versus psychoeducation ) . Structured assessment s occur at baseline , mid-point , end-point ( 6 weeks ) and at a 6- and 12-month follow-up . The primary outcomes are depression and anxiety symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories . Secondary outcomes include remission ( defined as no longer meeting the diagnostic criteria for a disorder if threshold level was reached at baseline , or no longer scoring in the clinical range on scale scores if sub-threshold at baseline ) , substance use , and functioning . Discussion The effectiveness of less complex psychological and exercise interventions in young help-seekers with sub-threshold or mild to moderate presentations of high prevalence disorders is yet to be explored . This study has been design ed to examine the effectiveness of these interventions delivered alone , or in combination , in a youth-specific service . If effective , the interventions have the potential to prevent the progression of early symptoms and distress to later and potentially more serious stages of mental disorder and reduce the likelihood of ongoing problems associated with the risk of persistence and recurrence . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry Dietary supplementation with an essential amino acid L-lysine has been shown to reduce chronic anxiety in humans with low dietary intake of L-lysine . A combination of L-lysine and L-arginine has been documented to normalize hormonal stress responses in humans with high trait anxiety . The present study was carried out in one hundred eight healthy Japanese adults . The aim of study was to find out whether a week-long oral treatment with L-lysine ( 2.64 g per day ) and L-arginine ( 2.64 g per day ) reduces trait and stress-induced state anxiety and basal levels of stress hormones . We confirmed that , without regard to gender , the amino acid treatment significantly reduced both trait anxiety and state anxiety induced by cognitive stress battery . In addition , we found that the treatment with L-lysine and L-arginine decreased the basal levels of salivary cortisol and chromogranin-A ( a salivary marker of the sympatho-adrenal system ) in male subjects . These results of this double-blind , placebo controlled and r and omized study confirm the previous findings in humans and animals and point to a combination of L-lysine and L-arginine as a potentially useful dietary intervention in otherwise healthy humans with high subjective levels of mental stress and anxiety The existing review s of massage therapy ( MT ) research are either limited to infants , adults , or were conducted prior to the publication of the most recent studies using pediatric sample s. R and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of pediatric MT are review ed . A literature search yielded 24 RCTs of pediatric MT  , defined as the manual manipulation of soft tissue intended to promote health and well-being in 
    Output:
    
Our paper found that in respect to treatment of generalized anxiety or specific disorders , CAM evidence revealed current support for the herbal medicine Kava .
The breadth of evidence does not support homeopathy for treating anxiety .
Strong support exists for lifestyle modifications including adoption of moderate exercise and mindfulness meditation , whereas dietary improvement , avoidance of caffeine , alcohol , and nicotine offer encouraging preliminary data .
In conclusion , certain lifestyle modifications and some CAMs may provide a beneficial role in the treatment of anxiety disorders