***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: A prospect i ve clinical trial comparing flushing and ice storage using a new hypertonic citrate solution , with machine preservation by continuous perfusion showed early graft function was similar with each method , and preservation times were comparable . Good early function occurred in half the grafts with preservation times up to 24 hours . Graft survival at three and 12 months was similar with each method of preservation . Graft survival at 12 months was worsened by poor early graft function , whereas patient survival at 12 months was unaffected by early function or by the method of preservation Outcome in eighty-eight recipients of cadaveric donor renal allografts preserved before implantation by machine perfusion with a solution of human albumin was compared to that for eighty-three recipients of similar kidneys implanted after simple cold storage .  Average total ischaemic intervals for machine-perfused and cold-stored kidneys were 18 and 4 1/4 hours , respectively . Machine-perfused kidneys were implanted regardless of perfusion characteristics . Initial function and 1-month and 1-year graft survivals for the machine-perfused group ( 58 % , 85 % , 68 % , respectively ) were either similar or improved compared to those of cold-stored kidneys ( 58 % , 81 % , 52 % , respectively ) . Improved 1-year survival for machine-perfused grafts was dependent upon reduced rejection . Careful donor selection and management ensured good machine perfusion of kidneys on 90 % of occasions . In the other 10 % , despite poor perfusion characteristics , outcome for kidneys was similar to those with good perfusion characteristics . Antilymphocyte globulin treatment reduced rejection whether allografts were machine perfused or not . In the absence of antilymphocyte globulin treatment , machine-perfused kidneys did much better than cold-stored kidneys . Machine perfusion had important advantages and improved the results in kidney-graft recipients One third of deceased donor kidneys for transplantation in the UK are donated following cardiac death ( DCD ) . Such kidneys have a high rate of delayed graft function ( DGF ) following transplantation . We conducted a multicenter , r and omized controlled trial to determine whether kidney preservation using cold , pulsatile machine perfusion ( MP ) was superior to simple cold storage ( CS ) for DCD kidneys . One kidney from each DCD donor was r and omly allocated to CS , the other to MP . A sequential trial design was used with the primary endpoint being DGF , defined as the necessity for dialysis within the first 7 days following transplant . The trial was stopped when data were available for 45 pairs of kidneys . There was no difference in the incidence of DGF between kidneys assigned to MP or CS ( 58 % vs. 56 % , respectively ) , in the context of an asystolic period of 15 min and median cold ischemic times of 13.9 h for MP and 14.3 h for CS kidneys . Renal function at 3 and 12 months was similar between groups , as was graft and patient survival . For kidneys from controlled DCD donors ( with mean cold ischemic times around 14 h ) , MP offers no advantage over CS , which is cheaper and more straightforward Objective : Hypothermic machine perfusion may improve outcome after transplantation of kidneys donated after cardiac death ( DCD ) , but no sufficiently powered prospect i ve studies have been reported . Because organ shortage has led to an increased use of DCD kidneys , we aim ed to compare hypothermic machine perfusion with the current st and ard of static cold storage preservation . Methods : Eighty-two kidney pairs from consecutive , controlled DCD donors 16 years or older were included in this r and omized controlled trial in Eurotransplant . One kidney was r and omly assigned to machine perfusion and the contralateral kidney to static cold storage according to computer-generated lists created by the permuted block method . Kidneys were allocated according to st and ard rules , with concealment of the preservation method . Primary endpoint was delayed graft function ( DGF ) , defined as dialysis requirement in the first week after transplantation . All 164 recipients were followed until 1 year after transplantation . Results : Machine perfusion reduced the incidence of DGF from 69.5 % to 53.7 % ( adjusted odds ratio : 0.43 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.20–0.89 ; P = 0.025 ) . DGF was 4 days shorter in recipients of machine-perfused kidneys ( P = 0.082 ) . Machine-perfused kidneys had a higher creatinine clearance up to 1 month after transplantation ( P = 0.027 ) . One-year graft and patient survival was similar in both groups ( 93.9 % vs 95.1 % ) . Conclusions : Hypothermic machine perfusion was associated with a reduced risk of DGF and better early graft function up to 1 month after transplantation . Routine preservation of DCD kidneys by hypothermic machine perfusion is therefore advisable 
    Output:
    
Pulsatile machine perfusion of donation after cardiac death kidneys appears to decrease the delayed graft function rate .
We noted no benefit in 1-year graft survival .