***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe our laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( LNSRH ) technique and to assess the feasibility and safety of the procedure , as well as its impact on voiding function . We introduce a fascia space dissection technique in order to preserve the pelvic splanchnic nerve , the hypogastric nerve and the bladder branch of the inferior hypogastric plexus under magnification ( ×10.5 ) during laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) with pelvic lymphadenectomy . METHODS From October 2006 to November 2009 , 163 consecutive patients with cervical cancer underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) and pelvic lymphadenectomy , with 82 women undergoing LNSRH with fascia space dissection technique ( LNSRH group ) and 81 undergoing LRH ( LRH group ) . Data from 163 patients were prospect ively collected and compared . Post-operative assessment of bladder function included the following : the time to recover the ability to void spontaneously and to achieve a post-void residual urine ( PVR ) volume of less than 50 ml , with urination function grade d. RESULTS The laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy procedure was completed successfully and was conducted safely in all of the patients . There were no conversions to open surgery in the two groups . The median operative duration in the LNSRH and the LRH groups were 163.52±34.47 min and 132.13±31.42 min , respectively . Blood loss was 142.12±62.38 ml and 187.69±68.63 ml , respectively . The time taken to obtain a post-void residual urine volume of less than 50 ml after removal of the urethral catheter was 7.42±2.35 d ( 5 - 18 d ) in LNSRH group and was 16.75±7.73 d ( 5 - 35 d ) in LRH group ( P<0.05 ) . The bladder void function recovery to Grade s 0-I was 76 ( 92.7 % ) for the LNSRH group and 59 ( 72.8 % ) for the LRH group . A mean follow-up of 22.3 ( 5 - 42 ) months was adhered to , and no patient had a recurrence or metastasis . CONCLUSIONS The technique described in this preliminary study appears to be safe , feasible , and easy in our population , with satisfactory recovery of voiding function OBJECTIVE To investigate bladder and intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life after  laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( LNRH )  for treatment of early invasive cervical carcinoma . METHODS Subjects included patients who underwent radical hysterectomy by laparotomy who were r and omly assigned to 2 groups : 30 patients who underwent LNRH and 35 classical laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) .  We assessed the patients general clinical information , surgical characteristics , pathological findings , and adjuvant therapies . A urodynamic study was used to assess bladder function . Intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life were evaluated by question naire . RESULTS No significant differences were found in age , surgery characteristics , pathological findings , adjuvant therapies , and main adverse effects between the 2 groups . The mean duration of the postoperative catheterization ( DPC ) in group LNRH was shorter than that in group LRH ( P < 0.001 ) . The maximum flow rate , maximum cystometric capacity , maximum detrusor pressure and urinary complications in group LNRH were better than those in group LRH . The quality of sexual life evaluated according to the female sexual function index ( FSFI ) was better in group LNRH than in those who underwent LRH . The intestinal function of patients in group LNRH also recovered better compared with patients in group LRH The objective of this study is to describe a technique for preserving the autonomic nerve systematic ally , including the hypogastric nerves , pelvic splanchnic nerves , and pelvic plexus and its vesical branches , based on anatomic considerations for the autonomic nerves innervating the urinary bladder , in radical hysterectomies and to assess postsurgical bladder function . A nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was carried out on 27 consecutive patients with uterine cervical cancer treated between 2000 and 2002 . The FIGO stages of the disease consisted of 10 stage Ib1 , 6 stage Ib2 , 3 stage IIa , and 8 stage IIb . The nerve-sparing procedure was successfully completed in 22 of the 27 patients ( 81.5 % ) in the study . At 1 year after the operation , bladder symptoms were significantly improved in the nerve-sparing group compared to the non – nerve-sparing group . Urinary incontinence and abnormal ( diminished ) bladder sensation were observed in three of the five patients ( two patients had both symptoms ) , for whom the nerve-sparing procedure could not be performed , but none of the 22 patients for whom the nerve-sparing procedure was performed had incontinence , and only two patients had abnormal ( increased ) bladder sensation ( P = 0.0034 for incontinence and P = 0.030 for abnormal bladder sensation ) . The patients ' survival was not adversely affected by the nerve-sparing procedure . Although it is still preliminary , the surgical technique described in this report is thought to be effective for preserving bladder function , and thus , the quality of life could be improved for patients with cervical cancer who are treated with a radical hysterectomy . For further evaluation of the efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy , a prospect i ve r and omized trial needs to be performed Objective Conventional radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy ( RHL ) for early-stage cervical cancer is associated with significant bladder , anorectal , and sexual dysfunction . Nerve-sparing modification of RHL ( NS-RHL ) has been developed with the aim to reduce surgical treatment-related morbidity . Postoperative radiation therapy ( RT ) is offered to patients with unfavorable prognostic features to improve local control . The aim of the study was to assess self-reported morbidity of various types of treatment in cervical cancer patients . Methods Self-reported symptoms were prospect ively assessed before and 1 and 2 years after treatment by the Dutch Gynaecologic Leiden Question naire . Results Included were 229 women ( 123 NS-RHL and 106 conventional RHL ) . Ninety-four ( 41 % ) received RT . Up to 2 years ( response rate , 81 % ) , women reported significantly more bowel , bladder , and sexual symptoms compared with the pretreatment situation . No significant difference was found between the conventional RHL and NS-RHL with the exception of the unexpected finding that a smaller percentage in the NS-RHL group ( 34 % vs 68 % ) complained about numbness of the labia and / or thigh . Radiation therapy had a negative impact on diarrhea , urine incontinence , lymphedema , and sexual symptoms ( especially a narrow/short vagina ) . Conclusions In the current longitudinal cohort study , treatment for early-stage cervical cancer was associated with worse subjective bladder , anorectal , and sexual functioning , irrespective of the surgical procedure used . Postoperative RT result ed in a significant deterioration of these functions . The results have to be interpreted with caution in view of the study design and method used Introduction : The present study compares for the first time the st and ard therapy for cervical cancer in FIGO-stages IB-IIB , radical hysterectomy according to the Wertheim-Meigs operation , with the newly developed , nerve-sparing surgical technique , total mesometrial resection ( TMMR ) with regard to postoperative , health-related quality of life . Method : In the framework of a multicentre , retrospective cohort study a total of 110 cervical cancer patients were interviewed once by means of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Question naire ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) and the cervical cancer module ( EORTC QLQ-CX24 ) . The influence of the surgical method was investigated by analysis of covariance under control of age and the time elapsed between treatment and interview . Results : An influence of the therapeutic method was demonstrated in the EORTC scales physical function ( p = 0.047 ) , role function ( p = 0.016 ) , fatigue ( p = 0.028 ) , pain ( p = 0.018 ) , shortness of breath ( p = 0.034 ) , lack of appetite ( p = 0.006 ) and diarrhoea ( p = 0.012 ) in favour of the 74 women treated by TMMR . With regard to cognitive , emotional and social functioning as well as cervical cancer-specific symptoms , no significant differences between the therapy groups were found . Conclusion : The findings presented in this study suggest a superiority of TMMR in comparison to the previously employed radical hysterectomy according to Wertheim-Meigs with regard to the postoperative quality of life , especially in the fields of physical activity and fatigue . This needs to be vali date d in the course of prospect i ve , multicentre studies . In addition , it must be clarified as to what extent the found effects are , in particular , due to the omission of an additional radiotherapy OBJECTIVE Surgical therapy for cervical carcinoma carries a significant risk of functional impairment to the bladder . This study evaluates the feasibility and complications of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( NRH )  in Taiwan . METHODS Between March 2010 and March 2011 , consecutive patients diagnosed with early stage cervical cancer ( FIGO stage Ia2 to Ib1 ) and tumor size < 3 cm were recruited prospect ively to undergo NRH or conventional radical hysterectomy ( RH ) . Patients with histories of urinary stress incontinence or bladder dysfunction disease were excluded . A modified Tokyo nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was performed . RESULTS A total of 30 patients were enrolled . Among these , 18 patients underwent NRH with successful bilaterally nerve-sparing procedures in 15 cases ( 83 % ) , unilaterally nerve-sparing procedures in 2 cases ( 11 % ) , and a failure in 1 case ( 6 % ) . The indwelling catheter was removed on postoperative day 6 . The mean±SD duration from operation to spontaneous voiding was 6.8 ± 1.5 days for women who underwent NRH ; the corresponding duration for women who underwent RH or failed NRH was 20.6 ± 3 days . None of the patients who underwent NRH required intermittent catheterization . All 12 patients who underwent RH needed self-catheterization after discharge . There was a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative self-catheterization ( p<0.01 ) and bladder dysfunction ( p<0.006 ) . Average satisfaction score analyzed by the Likert-scale question naire was 4.5 for the NRH group and 1.9 for RH group ( p<0.0001 ) . CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the new technique of NRH  can reduce postoperative bladder dysfunctions OBJECTIVE To assess the nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( NSRH ) technique and its impact on postoperative voiding function . METHODS Forty-four patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ( FIGO ) stage I b1-IIa cervical cancer were enrolled and r and omized into  NSRH group ( study group , n = 22 ) and  conventional radical hysterectomy ( CRH )  group ( control group , n = 22 ) . The pelvic autonomic nerve pathway ( including hypogastric nerve , pelvic splanchnic nerve , inferior hypogastric plexus and bladder branch ) was completely preserved in the NSRH group . Related parameters were compared between the two groups . RESULTS The estimated blood loss in NSRH group and CRH group were ( 550 + /- 241 ) ml and ( 475 + /- 284 ) ml , respectively , with no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . The mean operation time in NSRH group and CRH group were ( 329 + /- 43 ) min and ( 272 + /- 56 ) min , respectively , with a significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) . More patients in NSRH group had post-void residual urine volume ( PVR ) < 100 ml than that in CRH group on day 8 after surgery ( 68 % vs. 18 % , P < 0.01 ) . The median duration of postoperative catheterization was significantly shorter in NRSH group ( 8 - 23 days , median 8 days ) than that in CRH group ( 8 - 32 days , median 20 days ; P < 0.01 ) . Neither surgery-related injury nor pathologically positive margin was reported in either of the groups . CONCLUSIONS NSRH is a feasible and safe technique for preserving bladder function . Larger prospect i ve studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this technique Objective : To investigate the bladder function recovery and quality of life ( QOL ) using nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( NSRH ) in treating early invasive cervical carcinoma . 
    Output:
    
Meta- analysis demonstrated that NSRH was associated with less bladder and anorectal dysfunction than RH .
The time to bladder and anorectal function recovery after NSRH was shorter than RH .
Patients undergoing NSRH  also scored higher than patients undergoing RH  at Female Sexual Function Index ( FSFI ) .
On the other h and , the local recurrence and overall recurrence rate were similar between NSRH and RH .
Conclusion : NSRH may be an effective technique for lowering pelvic organ dysfunction and improving the function recovery without increasing the recurrence rate of cervical cancer