***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE Little progress has been made in the treatment of adult high- grade gliomas over the last two decades , thus necessitating a search for novel therapeutic strategies . Malignant gliomas are vascular or angiogenic tumors , which leads to the supposition that angiogenesis inhibition may represent a potentially promising strategy in the treatment of these tumors . We present the results of a phase II trial of thalidomide , a putative inhibitor of angiogenesis , in the treatment of adults with previously irradiated , recurrent high- grade gliomas . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with a histologic diagnosis of anaplastic mixed glioma , anaplastic astrocytoma , or glioblastoma multiforme who had radiographic demonstration of tumor progression after st and ard external-beam radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were eligible . Patients were initially treated with thalidomide 800 mg/d with increases in dose by 200 mg/d every 2 weeks until a final daily dose of 1,200 mg was achieved . Patients were evaluated every 8 weeks for response by both clinical and radiographic criteria . RESULTS A total of 39 patients were accrued , with 36 patients being assessable for both toxicity and response .  Thalidomide was well tolerated , with constipation and sedation being the major toxicities . One patient developed a grade 2 peripheral neuropathy after treatment with thalidomide for nearly a year . There were two objective radiographic partial responses ( 6 % ) , two minor responses ( 6 % ) , and 12 patients with stable disease ( 33 % ) . Eight patients were alive more than 1 year after starting thalidomide , although almost all with tumor progression . Changes in serum levels of basic fibroblastic growth factor ( bFGF ) were correlated with time to tumor progression and overall survival . CONCLUSION Thalidomide is a generally well-tolerated drug that may have antitumor activity in a minority of patients with recurrent high- grade gliomas . Future studies will better define the usefulness of thalidomide in newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas and in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy . Additionally , studies will be needed to confirm the potential utility of changes in serum bFGF as a marker of antiangiogenic activity and /or glioma growth 
    Output:
    
The benefit of antineoplastic combined with whole brain radiation for brain metastases was not concerned , either in the brain metastases from unselected primary tumors or lung cancer