***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare outcomes after anterior colporrhaphy with and without a solvent dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata graft . STUDY DESIGN A total of 162 women were enrolled in a prospect i ve , r and omized trial that evaluated the impact of a solvent dehydrated cadaveric fascia lata patch on recurrent anterior vaginal prolapse .  Subjects were r and omly assigned to st and ard colporrhaphy with or without a patch . Before and after surgery , subjects were evaluated by both the Baden-Walker and pelvic organ prolapse quantification systems . " Failure " was defined as stage II anterior wall prolapse or worse . RESULTS Of 154 women r and omly assigned ( 76 patch : 78 no patch ) , all underwent surgery and 153 ( 99 % ) returned for follow-up . Sixteen women ( 21 % ) in the patch group and 23 ( 29 % ) in the control group experienced recurrent anterior vaginal wall prolapse ( P = .229 ) . Only 26 % of all recurrences were symptomatic . Concomitant transvaginal Cooper 's ligament sling procedures were associated with a dramatic decrease in recurrent prolapse ( odds ratio [ OR ] 0.105 , P < .0001 ) . CONCLUSION Solvent dehydrated fascia lata as a barrier does not decrease recurrent prolapse after anterior colporrhaphy . Transvaginal bladder neck slings were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent anterior wall prolapse Introduction and hypothesisThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of the tension-free vaginal mesh ( Prolift ™ ) procedure on the non-treated and initially unaffected vaginal compartments . Methods This prospect i ve observational cohort study involved 150 patients who underwent a Prolift ™ procedure .  Pelvic organ prolapse ( POP ) quantification and evaluation of prolapse symptoms with vali date d question naires was performed pre-operatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively . Primary outcome was the rate of POP stage ≥II in the non-treated vaginal compartments . Results Twenty-three percent of all patients developed a de novo POP stage ≥II in the untreated compartment . This occurred in 46 % and 25 % of patients after an isolated anterior and isolated posterior Prolift ™ , respectively . Conclusion Tension-free vaginal mesh treatment of one vaginal compartment seems to provoke the development of vaginal prolapse in initially unaffected vaginal compartments , particularly after an isolated anterior Prolift ™ procedure OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve , r and omised study investigated whether a prophylactic procedure , performed during colposacropexy for prolapse repair , prevents ex novo postoperative incontinence .  Sixty-six consecutive continent patients with advanced prolapse were r and omised into two groups : group A underwent sacropexy combined with a Burch colposuspension ; no anti-incontinence procedure was performed in group B patients . METHODS Work-up included clinical assessment ( Halfway System and International Continence Society [ ICS ] classification for prolapse and Ingelman Sunderberg scale for incontinence ) , the Urogenital Distress Inventory and Impact Incontinence Quality of Life question naires , urogynaecologic ultrasound scans , and complete urodynamic testing that included the urethral pressure profile and Valsalva leak point pressure with reduced prolapse . Check-ups were done at 3 , 6 , 12 mo postoperatively and then yearly . Mean follow-up time was 39.5 mo . RESULTS The mean age ( + /- st and ard deviation ) was 62+/-9 yr . All patients presented with  grade ( G ) 3 - 4 prolapse . Postoperative incontinence was present in 12 of the 34 patients in group A : 7 G1 ; 4 G2 , and 1 G3 . Postoperative incontinence was present in 3 of the 32 patients in group B : 2 G1 , 1 G3 . The frequency of postoperative incontinence was significantly greater in patients who had undergone colposuspension ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data cast doubt on whether colposuspension should be performed during sacropexy for severe urogenital prolapse as prophylaxis for postoperative incontinence because it seems to emerge as overtreatment . Incontinence developed ex novo in 35 % of continent patients treated with colposuspension combined with sacropexy Introduction and hypothesisThe surgical management of multi-compartment prolapse is challenging and often requires a combination of techniques . This study evaluates anterior vaginal mesh repair , sacrospinous hysteropexy and posterior fascial plication in women with anterior compartment dominated uterovaginal prolapse . Methods Consecutive women who underwent the aforementioned surgery were prospect ively evaluated . Main outcome measures included objective ( pelvic organ prolapse quantification stage < 2 ) and subjective success rates , patient satisfaction , functional outcomes and complications . Results One hundred and seventeen women were eligible , and 100 agreed to participate . At 12 months , objective success rate at the anterior compartment was 87 % and at all compartments , 75 % . Subjective success was 84 % , and mean patient satisfaction was 8.5/10 . There were no stage 3 or 4 recurrences at any site . Conclusions The combination of anterior vaginal mesh , sacrospinous hysteropexy and posterior fascial plication is reasonably effective in restoring the anatomy and achieving favourable bladder , bowel and sexual function OBJECTIVE To compare changes in urinary symptoms before and after pelvic organ prolapse ( POP ) surgery , using either laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy ( LSC ) or transvaginal porcine dermis hammock placement with sacrospinous ligament suspension ( VS ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Data were prospect ively collected from all women undergoing POP surgery between May 2001 and October 2009 . Pre- and postoperative urinary symptoms , Urinary Distress Inventory ( UDI ) , and Urinary Impact Question naires ( UIQ ) scores were compared within and between groups . A generalized linear model was used for multivariate analysis . RESULTS Out of the 151 patients included , 87 patients underwent LSC , and 64 VS . Overall , after a median follow-up of 32.4 months , POP surgery improved urinary frequency ( P = 0.006 ) , voiding difficulty ( P = 0.001 ) , stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) ( P = 0.001 ) , but not urgency ( P = 0.29 ) . VS was more effective in treating SUI ( P < 0.001 vs. 0.52 ) while LSC more effective on voiding difficulty ( P = 0.01 vs. 0.08 ) . Postoperative de novo symptoms were observed in 35.8 % of patients with no difference between the groups ( P = 0.06 ) . UDI ( P = 0.04 ) and UIQ ( P = 0.01 ) scores were significantly lower after surgery . However , LSC significantly improved UDI ( P = 0.03 ) with no effect on UIQ ( P = 0.29 ) scores while VS significantly improved both scores ( P = 0.02 and 0.001 , respectively ) . Upon multivariate analysis , only the improvement in the impact of urinary symptoms on daily living was independently associated to VS ( OR = 5.45 [ 95 % confidence interval 2.20 - 13.44 ] , P = 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Most preoperative urinary symptoms decreased after POP surgery with equivalent proportion of de novo symptoms after vaginal and laparoscopic approaches OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare 2 anti-incontinence procedures in women who had severe genital prolapse and potential stress incontinence . STUDY DESIGN In addition to vaginal reconstructive surgery , 50 patients with stage II or higher anterior defect and a positive stress test result with prolapse reduction received either tension-free vaginal tape or plication of the endopelvic fascia . Preoperative evaluation included history , physical examination , stress test , and urodynamic assessment . Data were analyzed with the Student t test , the Fisher 's exact test , and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test . RESULTS The median follow-up time was similar for both groups , 26 and 24 months . Subjective ( 96 % vs 64 % ; P=.01 ) and objective ( 92 % vs 56 % ; P<.01 ) continence rates were higher after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure . Time for the resumption of spontaneous voiding , rates of urinary retention , or de novo urge incontinence were similar in the 2 groups . CONCLUSION Tension-free vaginal tape can be recommended for patients with prolapse and occult stress incontinence OBJECTIVE Polypropylene mesh in the treatment of genital prolapse in women was introduced at the turn of the millennium with the rationale of decreasing surgical invasiveness , reinforcing weak tissues and to possibly complement insufficient surgical techniques . Prospect i ve r and omized studies comparing traditional and modern operations are lacking . SUBJECT Prospect i ve multicentre r and omized study . SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague . SUBJECT AND METHOD A prospect i ve multicentre trial was approved by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and registered with the FDA planning to recruit 500 patients with vaginal prolapse , 18 years of age and over , undergoing surgery at 5 major urogynaecologic centres . The patients were divided into three groups according to prolapse predominance . The surgical techniques used were : anterior and posterior prolift , and r and omly allocated total prolift or sacrospinous fixation . The examination setup included lower urinary tract ultrasound , MRI , POP-Q assessment and QoL question naires before surgery and six and 24 month after the surgery . CONCLUSION Preliminary analysis of partial data of 225 women showed an acceptable rate of complications and a better success rate in the mesh groups , whereas operation time and blood loss was lower in the classical operation group . Quality of life question naires documented that all the methods used have comparably good results . The surgical techniques used are acceptable methods for pelvic organ prolapse repair with low complication rates and excellent impact on the subjective perception of the patient 's quality of life Introduction and hypothesisEndoFast Reliant ™ system is a novel technology for pelvic organ prolapse ( POP ) repair that attaches mesh directly with metal fasteners . Methods This was a prospect i ve multicenter study in 20 women who underwent vaginal POP repair to evaluate safety and efficacy . The patients were followed for 12 months , using POP-Q measures , question naires on symptoms ( PFDI ) , and sexual function ( FSFI ) . Results No intraoperative complications occurred . Prolapse has been anatomically resolved ( < stage 2 ) in 85 % at 1-year follow-up ( 17/20 patients ) . Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory ( PFDI ) scores showed significant improvement for 1 year in symptoms related to prolapse ( 4.1–0.7 , p < 0.001 ) and bladder ( 1.4–0.7 , p = 0.06 ) but not to rectum . Female Sexual Function Index ( FSFI ) scores did not change significantly . One case of mesh exposure was found ( 5 % ) and treated conservatively . No migration of fasteners was observed on X-ray . Conclusions The EndoFast Reliant ™ system was found safe and efficacious . Future studies are needed to evaluate its advantages over techniques using trocars Introduction and hypothesisThe optimal duration of urethral catheterization during and after pelvic reconstructive surgery is not established . This study investigated the optimal duration of urinary catheterization in patients undergoing anterior vaginal repair with or without other vaginal surgeries . Methods A total of 90 patients were included from April 2007 to March 2008 . They were r and omly divided into 2 , 3 , and 4 days urinary catheterization groups based on the color of the question naire papers they blindly chose . After catheter removal , the amount of post-void residual urine was used to measure the efficacy of bladder emptying . Differences between groups were determined using Chi-square test , Fisher 's exact test , or Kruskal – Wallis test , as appropriate . Results No significant differences were found in the amount of post-void residual urine between the three catheterization groups . Conclusions Our findings suggest that the duration of  urethral catheterization  after anterior colporrhaphy need not exceed 2 days Introduction and hypothesisVaginal mesh kits are increasingly used in the management of pelvic organ prolapse . This study aim ed to determine similarity of outcomes of the Anterior Prolift ® with Perigee ® systems for anterior compartment prolapse . Methods Consecutive women undergoing Perigee ® or Anterior Prolift ® for symptomatic stage 2 or greater anterior vaginal prolapse were prospect ively evaluated . Main outcome measures included objective and subjective success rates , perioperative outcomes , patient satisfaction , and complications . Results One hundred and six women ( Prolift , 52 ; Perigee , 54 ) completed question naires , and 91 ( Prolift , 46 ; Perigee , 45 ) were examined postoperatively . At follow-up ( Prolift : median , 11.0 ; range , 5–23 months ; Perigee : median , 11.5 ; range , 6–23 months ) , objective success rates ( Prolift , 89 % ; Perigee , 80 % ; p = 0.23 ) , subjective success rates ( Prolift , 94 % ; Perigee , 96 % ; 
    Output:
    
Results Continent women undergoing anterior compartment prolapse surgery have a lower rate of de novo stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) after anterior repair than armed mesh procedures ( grade A ) .
Data are conflicting on whether colposuspension should be performed prophylactically in continent women undergoing sacral colpopexy ( grade C ) .
No clear conclusion can be made regarding the management of continent women undergoing prolapse surgery without occult SUI .
In continent women undergoing POP surgery with occult SUI the addition of continence surgery reduces the rate of postoperative SUI ( grade A ) .
In women with prolapse and SUI symptoms  prolapse procedures alone ( transobturator mesh and anterior repair ) are associated with low success rates for SUI .
Concomitant continence procedures reduce the risk of postoperative SUI ( grade B ) .