***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Objectives This study describes patients ' perceptions of changes in oral health related quality of life ( OHQOL ) in the early postoperative period following third molar surgery . Methods One hundred patients were enrolled in a prospect i ve cohort study of the surgical removal of lower third molars under local anaesthetic .  Two specific oral health related quality of life measures , OHIP-14 and OHQoLUK Results Both oral health related quality of life measures identified a significant deterioration in quality of life on POD1 ( P<0.01 ) and this remained evident on POD2 ( P<0.01 ) , POD3 ( P<0.01 ) , POD4 ( P<0.01 ) and POD5 ( P<0.05 ) . By POD6 and POD7 there was no significant difference in quality of life compared with preoperative status ( P>0.05 ) . Deterioration in life quality over the study period was associated with postoperative clinical findings ( P<0.05 ) : swelling and trismus . Conclusion The study concludes that there is a significant deterioration in oral health related quality of life in the immediate postoperative period following third molar surgery ; particularly during the first five days . This is associated with postoperative clinical findings . This has implication for patients deciding on third molar surgery and informed consent Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in oral health-related Quality of Life ( QoL ) following third molar surgery with either oral administration or submucosal injection of prednisolone . Patient and methods Subjects were r and omly distributed into three groups of 62 subjects each : Group A consisted of subjects who received 40 mg oral prednisolone ; group B received 40 mg submucosal injection of prednisolone  , while group  C did not receive prednisolone . Preoperative and postoperative quality of life evaluations of all subjects were done using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-14 ) question naire . Postoperatively , quality of life evaluation was done on postoperative days 1 , 3 , and 7 . Subjects were categorized as either affected ( OHIP score ≤28 ) or not affected ( OHIP score > 28 ) . Mean OHIP scores between preoperative and postoperative periods , as well as between the three groups , were compared . Results A significant increase in the mean total and subscale scores was found in all the groups postoperatively . This was most marked on the first postoperative day , and it gradually improved throughout the immediate postoperative period . Subjects who received prednisolone experienced a statistically significant better quality of life than those who did not . Subjects who received submucosal injection of prednisolone showed statistically significant less deterioration in QoL than those who received oral prednisolone ( P = 0.001 ) . Conclusion Administration of prednisolone was significantly associated with less deterioration in quality of life and earlier recovery when compared with subjects who did not receive prednisolone . Submucosal injection of prednisolone 40 mg ( which offers a simple , safe , painless , and cost-effective therapeutic option ) is an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the quality of life after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars PURPOSE This study was design ed to assess the impact of " pain and swelling " associated with third molars on patients ' quality of life before surgery . PATIENTS AND METHODS The data for these analyses were obtained from a larger ongoing study design ed to examine the surgical and medical management of problems associated with third molars . Data from 480 patients with 4 third molars scheduled for removal were used in the analysis . Question naires administered presurgery assessed patients ' medical and dental history , their reasons for seeking third molar removal , and sociodemographic characteristics . Adverse impacts on oral health-related quality of life were measured using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP ) question naire . The primary outcome variable was the percentage of people reporting 1 or more of the 12 non-pain-specific OHIP items " fairly often " or " very often " during the 3 months before enrollment . RESULTS One third ( 178 of 480 ) of patients said they were seeking third molar surgery because of current or previous symptoms of pain/swelling , and 17 % reported 1 or more of the 12 non-pain-specific OHIP items . In the multivariate logistic regression model , the odds of one or more impacts was greater for people who presented because of symptoms ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 2.9 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.7 to 4.8 ) , who were aged 25 years or more ( OR , 1.9 ; 95 % CI , 1.1 - 3.3 ) , and who had a self-reported history of tooth loss due to pathology or trauma ( OR , 2.9 ; 95 % CI , 1.9 to 5.5 ) . CONCLUSIONS Adverse impacts on quality of life occurred for 1 in 8 patients seeking third molar surgery , and the odds increased 3-fold for patients who had experienced pain/swelling compared with those who were asymptomatic Background This study aim ed to evaluate the patient 's pain and quality of life after suture removal at either 3 or 7 days following the bilateral surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars . Methods This study was a prospect i ve , r and omized controlled clinical trial carried out in 30 patients , who acted as their own control . Each patient required the bilaterally impacted m and ibular third molars to be extracted . The impacted teeth were removed and the wound margins were approximated and sutured with black braided silk . The suture material was removed on day 3 on one side and on day 7 on the other . Each participant was asked to complete a question naire after the removal of the suture material on each design ated day . Results Regarding overall clinical symptoms , the mean VAS scores of male and female participants on day 3 were not significantly different from those on day 7 . A significant difference was found in female participants , in that overall daily activity was better on day 7 . There were significant differences in the ability to smile and laugh in both sexes and the ability to chew in the male participants was better on day 7 . Conclusions There were no significant differences in the patient 's pain and quality of life between suture removal on day 3 or on day 7 following surgery to remove impacted lower third molars PURPOSE The aim of this study was to verify possible associations between oral health-related quality of life ( QoL ) and the position of the lower third molar among patients undergoing lower third molar surgery during the first postoperative week . MATERIAL S AND METHODS We performed an interventional prospect i ve study of 86 patients for whom the preoperative treatment plan included the removal of 2 third molar teeth from the same side in a 1-time procedure .  The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the position of the lower third molar .  QoL  was evaluated before and after the surgical procedure ( during the first 7 days ) with the  Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP ) 14 question naire .  Data were treated according to Stata 10.0 ( StataCorp , College Station , TX ) . Variables were evaluated by use of split-plot analysis of variance for the repeated- measures analysis to identify the association between QoL and the position of the lower third molar . RESULTS Patients can have deterioration in their QoL immediately after surgery , especially during the first and second postoperative days , and subsequently show rapid improvement . The variation in the total OHIP score during the days after surgery was significant , whereas a decrease in QoL was observed immediately after the procedure ( P = .001 ) , which returned to initial value ( preoperative ) levels after the sixth postoperative day . The OHIP domains with higher scores ( ie , those that had an impact ) were physical pain , psychological discomfort , and physical disability ( domains 2 , 3 , and 4 , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS Teeth considered to be associated with technical difficulties for extraction based on their position had a higher score on the OHIP-14 question naire and worse health-related QoL score . QoL outcomes may be as important as clinical signs in decisions regarding third molar extraction Cold therapy is a conventional and widely used modality for reducing pain , trismus , and oedema after dentoalveolar surgeries . However , information reported in the literature on its effectiveness is insufficient and controversial . This study was performed to evaluate the effect of local cold application in reducing pain , trismus , and swelling after impacted m and ibular third molar surgery . Thirty patients ( seven males and 23 females ) with bilateral symmetrical m and ibular impacted third molars were enrolled in this r and omized , self-controlled , observer-blind clinical trial . The patients were aged between 18 and 30 years . After surgical removal of the tooth on one side ( intervention ) , ice pack therapy was given for 24h after surgery ; for the other side ( control ) , no cold therapy was given . The time interval between the two surgeries was at least 4 weeks . The amount of pain , trismus , and facial swelling was measured on days 2 and 7 postoperative , and patient satisfaction with the cold therapy vs. no cold therapy was assessed . The amount of pain , trismus , and facial swelling , and the extent of patient satisfaction were not significantly different between the intervention and control sides . Cold therapy had no beneficial effects on postoperative sequelae after impacted m and ibular third molar surgery The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture ( EAC ) on postoperative pain control after m and ibular third molar surgery . Twenty four young patients ( 12 male and 12 female ) with symmetrically impacted m and ibular third molars were selected . Each patient was su bmi tted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia . At one side , extraction was carried out employing both prior ( 24h ) and immediately postoperative application of EAC , while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment . EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40 - 60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity . Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale ( VAS ) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery . Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test . Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group ( p<0.05 ) and analgesic intake decreased ( p<0.05 ) for all evaluated periods ( p<0.05 ) . Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following m and ibular third molar surgical removal This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the ozone and laser application in the management of pain , swelling , and trismus after third-molar surgery . Sixty consecutive patients with asymptomatic impacted m and ibular third molars were recruited into the study . Patients were r and omized into three treatment groups of 20 patients each : two study groups ( group 1 = low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) , group 2 = ozone therapy ) and a control group ( no-LLLT or ozone therapy ) . Twenty teeth extraction s were performed in each group . Evaluations of postoperative pain , the number of analgesics tablets taken , trismus , swelling , and quality of life ( Oral Health Impact Profile-14 question naire ) were made . The sample consisted of 28 female and 32 male patients , whose total mean age was 23.5 ± 3.4 ( range , 18–25 ) years .  The pain level and the number of analgesics tablets taken were lower in the ozonated and LLLT applied groups than in the control group . This study showed that ozone and low power laser therapies had a positive effect on the patients ’ quality of life . Trismus in the LLLT group was significantly less than in the ozonated and control groups ( p = 0.033 ) . Ozone application showed no superiority in regards of postoperative swelling ; however , LLLT group had significantly lower postoperative swelling . This study demonstrates that ozone and laser therapies are useful for the reduction of postoperative pain and they increase quality of life after third-molar surgery . Although the ozone therapy had no effect on postoperative swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars , LLLT had a positive effect BACKGROUND Oral and Maxillofacial operations can be extremely frightening treatment situations . General data on this phenomenon should be acquired through a multi-centre trial . METHOD A 10-page question naire was developed which was answered by 600 oral and maxillofacial patients before individual treatment . Control groups consisted of 800 surgical , dental and general practitioners/internal medicine patients . Twenty six medical practice s and hospital departments in 11 German cities were involved in the trial . RESULTS Both subjective anxiety assessment by patients and objective testing ( State Trait Anxiety Inventory ; STAI ) indicated a high level of treatment anxiety for oral and maxillofacial treatment situations . Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ( OMFS ) patients ' scores were significantly higher than those of control groups . Especially younger and female patients , patients treated under local anaesthesia and out- patients showed intensive anxiety . Previous treatment experience in OMFS did not modify test results . CONCLUSION Managing perioperative anxiety is still a major challenge in OMFS . Irrespective of technical , pharmacological and surgical advances , developing and establishing stress-reducing and anxiolytic perioperative techniques is of considerable importance for both patients and surgeons Abstract Introduction Third molar surgery ( TMS ) became a routine , safe office procedure with generally predictable outcomes and relative low cost . It affects quality of life ( QOL ) of patients by causing considerable pain , swelling and trismus ; by changing what people eat , their speech in the first few days after surgery . The purpose of the present study was to improve QOL of patient after lower TMS by injecting single dose 8 mg submucosal dex 
    Output:
    
Conclusion This systematic review revealed that the highest negative impact on quality of life of individuals su bmi tted to third molar surgery was observed on the first postoperative day , decreasing over the follow-up period