***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Alzheimer ’s disease ( AD ) is the most common cause of dementia . However , none of medical treatment can stop or reverse the underlying neurodegenerative of AD at present . Acupuncture has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to its efficacy and very few side effects . Lately , a systematic review has thought that the evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving the cognitive function of AD patients was not powerful enough . Therefore , the aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in patients with mild to moderate AD . Methods This was a r and omized , controlled , parallel-group , exploratory study with 4-week baseline ( T0 ) , 12-week treatment phase ( T1 ) and 12-week follow-up period ( T2 ) . Patients with mild to moderate AD meeting the included criteria were r and omly allocated into either acupuncture or donepezil hydrochloride groups . The acupuncture group(AG ) was given acupuncture treatment three times per week and the donepezil hydrochloride group(DG ) group was administered donepezil hydrochloride once daily ( 5 mg/day for the first 4 weeks and 10 mg/day thereafter ) . Primary efficacy was measured using Alzheimer ’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive ( ADAS-cog ) and Clinician ’s Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus ( CIBIC-Plus ) . The second outcomes were measured with 23-Item Alzheimer ’s disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Scales ( ADAS-ADL23 ) and Neuropsychiatric Index ( NPI ) . Results Of 87 participants enrolled in the study , 79 patients finished their treatment and follow-up processes .  The ADAS-cog scores for AG group showed obvious decreases at T2 and ∆(T2-T0)when compared with DG group , and significant between-group differences were detected ( all p < 0.05 ) . The mean CIBIC-Plus values for the AG group at T1 and T2 were much lower than that for the DG group , and there were significant differences between the two groups ( 푃<0.05 ) . There were no significant between-group differences in the scores of ADAS-ADL23 and NPI during the study period . Treatment discontinuations due to adverse events were 0 ( 0 % ) and 4 ( 9.09 % ) for the AG and DG groups , respectively . Conclusions Acupuncture is safe , well tolerated and effective in improving the cognitive function , global clinical status of AD.Trial Registration ChiCTR-IOR-17010465 ( Retroactively registered on 18 JAN 2017 ) Background Alzheimer ’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease . Although some of the current treatments offer some symptomatic relief , this disease can not be cured at present . Electroacupuncture may be effective for Alzheimer ’s disease for cognitive function , but the evidence for its effectiveness is still limited . The aim of this study is to evaluate the add-on effect of electroacupuncture to donepezil for improving the cognitive function of Alzheimer ’s disease . Methods / design A total of 334 participants with Alzheimer ’s disease will be r and omly assigned to either an electroacupuncture combined with donepezil group or a donepezil group with a ratio of 1:1 . Participants in the electroacupuncture combined with donepezil group will receive electroacupuncture in addition to donepezil for 12 weeks and will keep taking donepezil for the following 24 weeks . Participants in the control group will take donepezil only . The primary outcome is the change from baseline in the total score of the Alzheimer ’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognition at week 12 . A follow-up will be conducted 24 weeks after the treatment . Discussion We expect to verify the hypothesis that acupuncture in addition to donepezil is better than donepezil in improving the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer ’s disease . This trial has a limitation that participant blinding is impossible . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov : ID : NCT02305836 . Registered on 13 November 2014 BACKGROUND / OBJECTIVE Balance problems are common in older adults with Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . The objective was to study the effects of a Wii-Fit interactive video-game-led physical exercise program to a walking program on measures of balance in older adults with mild AD . METHODS A prospect i ve r and omized controlled parallel-group trial ( Wii-Fit versus walking ) was conducted in thirty community-dwelling older adults ( 73±6.2 years ) with mild AD .  Home-based exercises were performed under caregiver supervision for 8 weeks . Primary ( Berg Balance Scale , BBS ) and secondary outcomes ( fear of falls and quality of life ) were measured at baseline , 8 weeks ( end of intervention ) , and 16 weeks ( 8-weeks post-intervention ) . RESULTS At 8 weeks , there was a significantly greater improvement ( average inter-group difference [ 95 % CI ] ) in the Wii-Fit group compared to the walking group in BBS ( 4.8 [ 3.3 - 6.2 ] , p < 0.001 ) , after adjusting for baseline . This improvement was sustained at 16 weeks ( 3.5 [ 2.0 - 5.0 ] , p < 0.001 ) . Analyses of the secondary outcome measures indicated that there was a significantly greater improvement in the Wii-Fit group compared to walking group in Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale ( 6.5 [ 3.6 - 9.4 ] , p < 0.001 ) and Falls Efficacy Scale ( -4.8 [ -7.6 to -2.0 ] , p = 0.002 ) at 8 weeks . However , this effect was not sustained at 16 weeks . Quality of life improved in both groups at 8 weeks ; however , there were no inter-group differences ( p = 0.445 ) . CONCLUSION Home-based , caregiver-supervised Wii-Fit exercises  improve balance and may reduce fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults with mild AD Background : This study explored the feasible efficacy and safety of the Spore Powder of Ganoderma Lucidum ( SPGL ) for treating patients with Alzheimer disease ( AD ) . Methods : Forty-two eligible patients with AD were recruited . These patients were r and omly allocated to an intervention group and a control group equally . The patients in the intervention group underwent SPGL , whereas the subjects in the control received placebo . All patients were treated for a total of 6 weeks . The primary outcome was measured by Alzheimer 's disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive ( ADAS-cog ) . The secondary outcomes were measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life question naire ( WHOQOL-BREF ) and Neuropsychiatric Index ( NPI ) . The adverse events were also recorded during the treatment period . Results : At the end of the treatment , GLSP did not show more encouraging outcomes in symptoms improvement , measured by the ADAS-cog ( P = .31 ) , and NPI ( P = .79 ) ; and quality of life enhancement , measured by the WHOQOL-BREF ( physical , P = .62 ; psychological , P = .69 ; social relationships , P = .75 ; environment , P = .82 ; overall quality of life , P = .74 ) , compared with the control group . In addition , all adverse events were mild , and no significant differences were found between 2 groups . Conclusion : The results of this study did not find the promising efficacy of SPGL for the treatment of AD after 6-week treatment . It may be because of the relative short-term of intervention . Future clinical trials with larger sample size and longer treatment period are urgently needed BACKGROUND Alzheimer 's disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid‐beta ( Aβ ) plaques in the brain . Aβ is produced from the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by β‐site amyloid precursor protein – cleaving enzyme 1 ( BACE‐1 ) followed by γ‐secretase . Verubecestat is an oral BACE‐1 inhibitor that reduces the Aβ level in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer 's disease . METHODS We conducted a r and omized , double‐blind , placebo‐controlled , 78‐week trial to evaluate verubecestat at doses of 12 mg and 40 mg per day , as compared with placebo , in patients who had a clinical diagnosis of mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer 's disease . The co primary outcomes were the change from baseline to week 78 in the score on the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale ( ADAS‐cog ; scores range from 0 to 70 , with higher scores indicating worse dementia ) and in the score on the Alzheimer 's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory scale ( ADCS‐ADL ; scores range from 0 to 78 , with lower scores indicating worse function ) . RESULTS A total of 1958 patients underwent r and omization ; 653 were r and omly assigned to receive verubecestat at a dose of 12 mg per day ( the 12‐mg group ) , 652 to receive verubecestat at a dose of 40 mg per day ( the 40‐mg group ) , and 653 to receive matching placebo . The trial was terminated early for futility 50 months after onset , which was within 5 months before its scheduled completion , and after enrollment of the planned 1958 patients was complete . The estimated mean change from baseline to week 78 in the ADAS‐cog score was 7.9 in the 12‐mg group , 8.0 in the 40‐mg group , and 7.7 in the placebo group ( P=0.63 for the comparison between the 12‐mg group and the placebo group and P=0.46 for the comparison between the 40‐mg group and the placebo group ) . The estimated mean change from baseline to week 78 in the ADCS‐ADL score was ‐8.4 in the 12‐mg group , ‐8.2 in the 40‐mg group , and ‐8.9 in the placebo group ( P=0.49 for the comparison between the 12‐mg group and the placebo group and P=0.32 for the comparison between the 40‐mg group and the placebo group ) . Adverse events , including rash , falls and injuries , sleep disturbance , suicidal ideation , weight loss , and hair‐color change , were more common in the verubecestat groups than in the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS Verubecestat did not reduce cognitive or functional decline in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer 's disease and was associated with treatment‐related adverse events . ( Funded by Merck ; Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT01739348 . Objectives To explore the cost-effectiveness of a supervised moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise programme in people diagnosed with Alzheimer ’s disease ( AD ) and estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ( ICER ) using participant-reported and proxy-reported measures of health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) Design A cost-effectiveness analysis of economic and HRQoL data from a r and omised trial delivered over 16 weeks . Setting Memory clinics in Denmark . Participants 200 individuals with mild AD aged 50–90 years gave informed consent to participate in the study . Participants were r and omised to control or intervention group . Interventions Control group received treatment as usual . The intervention group performed 1 hour of supervised moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise three times weekly for 16 weeks . Primary and secondary outcomes measures Different physical , functional and health measures were obtained at inclusion ( baseline ) and 4 and 16 weeks after . HRQoL ( EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels/EQ-Visual Analogue Scale ) was reported by the participants and the primary caregivers as proxy respondents . Differences in HRQOL as reported by the participant and caregiver were explored as were different values of caregiver time with respite from care tasks . Results The intervention cost was estimated at € 608 and € 496 per participant , with and without transport cost , respectively . Participants and caregivers in the intervention group reported a small , positive non-significant improvement in EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS after 16 weeks . The ICER was estimated at € 72 000/ quality -adjusted life year using participant-reported outcomes and € 87000 using caregiver-reported outcomes . Conclusions The findings suggest that the exercise intervention is unlikely to be cost-effective within the commonly applied threshold values . The cost of the intervention might be offset by potential savings from reduction in use of health and social care . Trial registration number https:// clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01681602 BACKGROUND Alzheimer 's disease is characterized by amyloid‐beta ( Aβ ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles . The humanized monoclonal antibody solanezumab was design ed to increase the clearance from the brain of soluble Aβ , peptides that may lead to toxic effects in the synapses and precede the deposition of fibrillary amyloid . METHODS We conducted a double‐blind , placebo‐controlled , phase 3 trial involving patients with mild dementia due to Alzheimer 's disease , defined as a Mini – Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score of 20 to 26 ( on a scale from 0 to 30 , with higher scores indicating better cognition ) and with amyloid deposition shown by means of florbetapir positron‐emission 
    Output:
    
Conclusions : This systematic review will present the existing evidence for the efficacy and safety of SPGL for treating patients with AD .