***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract : Background : Violence against children is a deep-rooted social problem in India . The problem is also related to economic as well as cultural beliefs and practice s. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and nature of violence experienced by the children in families in Tripura , India and its relationship with socio-economic factors . Methods : A group of 320 children ( 160 males and 160 females ) study ing in Class VIII and IX and aged between 14 - 19 participated in the study after obtaining their informed consent from eight r and omly selected English and Bengali medium schools in Agartala , Tripura ( India ) . Data were collected by using a specially design ed ' Semi-structured Question naire . Results : Findings revealed that about 20.9 % ( 67/320 ) , 21.9 % ( 70/230 ) and 18.1 % ( 58/230 ) of the children experienced psychological , physical and sexual violence respectively . Male children were more likely to be victims of psychological and physical violence while female children experienced more sexual violence ( p less than 0.01).Further analysis of data revealed some relationship between violence against children and nuclear family(p was less than 0.01),uncongenial and /or disturbed family environment ( p was less than 0.01 ) and dominating , short-tempered and /or aggressive parent personality ( p was less than 0.01),irrespective of the nature of the violence . Physical violence was found to be more prevalent in high income families ( p was less than 0.01 ) while children from the lower income group of families experienced more psychological violence ( p was less than 0.01 ) . Sexual violence was found to be equally prevalent in all socio-economic groups . The study also clearly indicated that academic performance of violence-experienced children , irrespective of nature of violence and socio-economic groups was poor compared to academic performance of non-violence-experienced children ( p was less than 0.01 ) . Conclusions : About one-fifth of the children under study did experience violence in Tripura . Findings speak in favor of an intervention program for creating awareness among parents and teachers about the issue of violence against children , targeted at parents when they meet for periodic parent-teachers meetings in the educational institutions INTRODUCTION Sexual interest toward prepubescents and pubescents ( pedophilia and hebephilia ) constitutes a major risk factor for child sexual abuse ( CSA ) and viewing of child abusive images , i.e. , child pornography offenses ( CPO ) . Most child sexual exploitation involving CSA and CPO are undetected and unprosecuted in the " Dunkelfeld " ( German : " dark field " ) . AIM This study assesses a treatment program to enhance behavioral control and reduce associated dynamic risk factors ( DRF ) in self-motivated pedophiles/hebephiles in the Dunkelfeld . METHODS Between 2005 and 2011 , 319 undetected help-seeking pedophiles and hebephiles expressed interest in taking part in an anonymous and confidential 1-year-treatment program using broad cognitive behavioral methodology in the Prevention Project Dunkelfeld .  Therapy was assessed using nonr and omized waiting list control design ( n=53 treated group [ TG ] ; n=22 untreated control group [ CG ] ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported pre-/posttreatment DRF changes were assessed and compared with CG . Offending behavior characteristics were also assessed via self-reporting . RESULTS No pre-/post assessment changes occurred in the control group . Emotional deficits and offense-supportive cognitions decreased in the TG ; posttherapy sexual self-regulation increased . Treatment-related changes were distributed unequally across offender groups . None of the offending behavior reported for the TG was identified as such by the legal authorities . However , five of 25 CSA offenders and 29 of 32 CPO offenders reported ongoing behaviors under therapy . CONCLUSIONS Therapy for pedophiles/hebephiles in the Dunkelfeld can alter child sexual offending DRF and reduce-related behaviors . Unidentified , unlawful child sexual exploitative behaviors are more prevalent in this population than in officially reported recidivism . Further research into factors predictive of problematic sexual behaviors in the Dunkelfeld is warranted BACKGROUND Adolescents comprise a fifth of the population of India , but there is little research on their mental health . We conducted an epidemiological study in the state of Goa to describe the current prevalence of mental disorders and its correlates among adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years . AIMS To estimate the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in adolescents . METHOD Population -based survey of all eligible adolescents from six urban wards and four rural communities which were r and omly selected . We used a Konkani translation of the Development and Well-Being Assessment to diagnose current DSM-IV emotional and behavioural disorders . All adolescents were also interviewed on socio-economic factors , education , neighbourhood , parental relations , peer and sexual relationships , violence and substance use . RESULTS Out of 2,684 eligible adolescents , 2,048 completed the study . The current prevalence of any DSM-IV diagnosis was 1.81 % ; 95 % CI 1.27 - 2.48 . The most common diagnoses were anxiety disorders ( 1.0 % ) , depressive disorder ( 0.5 % ) , behavioural disorder ( 0.4 % ) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 0.2 % ) . Adolescents from urban areas and girls who faced gender discrimination had higher prevalence . The final multivariate model found an independent association of mental disorders with an outgoing ' non-traditional ' lifestyle ( frequent partying , going to the cinema , shopping for fun and having a boyfriend or girlfriend ) , difficulties with studies , lack of safety in the neighbourhood , a history of physical or verbal abuse and tobacco use . Having one 's family as the primary source of social support was associated with lower prevalence of mental disorders . CONCLUSIONS The current prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in our study was very low compared with studies in other countries . Strong family support was a critical factor associated with low prevalence of mental disorders , while factors indicative of adoption of a non-traditional lifestyle were associated with an increased prevalence OBJECTIVES To document the prevalence of physical , emotional and sexual abuse during childhood among college students . METHODS The study was conducted among college students of Puducherry , South India . Stratified r and om sampling was done to select colleges . Data were gathered using the adapted ' Ministry of Women and Child Development Question naire on Child Abuse for Young adults ' . RESULTS A total of 936 college students completed the question naire . Mean ± SD age of the participants was 19.2 ± 1.1 years . Half ( 48 % ) of the participants reported being mocked because of their physical appearance . In all , 56 % ( 524/936 ) of the participants reported that they were beaten during their childhood , of which 13.4 % ( 70/524 ) required medical treatment . Around 10 % reported someone exposing his/her private parts to them , while in 6.4 % of the cases , the perpetrator forced the study participants to expose their private parts . CONCLUSIONS Emotional , physical and sexual abuse is common in childhood and dem and s prompt interventions at the familial , community and political levels The broad objective of this study was to underst and the incidence and severity of aggression among sexually abused girls who were trafficked and who were then further used for commercial sexual exploitation ( referred to subsequently as sexually abused trafficked girls ) . In addition , the impact of counseling for minimizing aggression in these girls was investigated . A group of 120 sexually abused trafficked Indian girls and a group of 120 nonsexually abused Indian girls , aged 13 to 18 , participated in the study . The sexually abused trafficked girls were purposively selected from four shelters located in and around Kolkata , India . The nonsexually abused girls were selected r and omly from four schools situated near the shelters , and these girls were matched by age with the sexually abused trafficked girls . Data were collected using a Background Information Schedule and a st and ardized psychological test , that is , The Aggression Scale . Results revealed that 16.7 % of the girls were first sexually abused between 6 and 9 years of age , 37.5 % between 10 and 13 years of age , and 45.8 % between 14 and 17 years of age . Findings further revealed that 4.2 % of the sexually abused trafficked girls demonstrated saturated aggression , and 26.7 % were highly aggressive , that is , extremely frustrated and rebellious . Across age groups , the sexually abused trafficked girls suffered from more aggression ( p < .05 ) , compared with the nonvictimized girls . Psychological interventions , such as individual and group counseling , were found to have a positive impact on the sexually abused trafficked girls . These findings should motivate counselors to deal with sexually abused children . It is also hoped that authorities in welfare homes will underst and the importance of counseling for sexually abused trafficked children , and will appoint more counselors for this purpose PURPOSE To evaluate the acceptability , feasibility , and effectiveness of a population -based intervention to promote health of youth ( age : 16 - 24 years ) in Goa . METHODS Two pairs of urban and rural communities were selected ; one of each was r and omly assigned to receive a multi-component intervention and the other wait-listed . The intervention comprised educational institution-based peer education and teacher training ( in the urban community ) , community peer education , and health information material s. Effectiveness was assessed through before-after population surveys at baseline and at 18 months . Outcomes were measured using a structured interview schedule with all eligible youth . Logistic regression compared each pair , adjusted for baseline differences , on prevalence of outcomes in the domains of reproductive and sexual health ( RSH ) , violence , mental health , substance use , and help seeking for health concerns . RESULTS In both intervention communities , prevalence of violence perpetrated and probable depression was significantly lower and knowledge and attitudes about RSH significantly higher ( p < .05 ) . The rural sample also reported fewer menstrual complaints and higher levels of help-seeking for RSH complaints by women , and knowledge and attitudes about emotional health and substance use ; and , the urban sample reported significantly lower levels of substance use , suicidal behavior , sexual abuse , and RSH complaints . Although information material s were acceptable and feasible in both communities , community peer education was feasible only in the rural community . The institution-based interventions were generally acceptable and feasible . CONCLUSIONS Multicomponent interventions comprising information material s , educational-institution interventions and , in rural context s , community peer interventions are acceptable and feasible and likely to be effective for youth health promotion BACKGROUND The Cochrane Collaboration is strongly encouraging the use of a newly developed tool , the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool ( CCRBT ) , for all review groups . However , the psychometric properties of this tool to date have yet to be described . Thus , the objective of this study was to add information about psychometric properties of the CCRBT including inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity , in comparison with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool ( EPHPP ) . METHODS Both tools were used to assess the method ological quality of 20 r and omized controlled trials included in our systematic review of the effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions  to improve the management of cancer pain . Each study assessment was completed independently by two review ers using each tool . We analysed the inter-rater reliability of each tool 's individual domains , as well as final grade assigned to each study . RESULTS The EPHPP had fair inter-rater agreement for individual domains and excellent agreement for the final grade . In contrast , the CCRBT had slight inter-rater agreement for individual domains and fair inter-rater agreement for final grade . Of interest , no agreement between the two tools was evident in their final grade assigned to each study . Although both tools were developed to assess ' quality of the evidence ' , they appear to measure different constructs . CONCLUSIONS Both tools performed quite differently when evaluating the risk of bias or method ological quality of studies in knowledge translation interventions for cancer pain . The newly introduced CCRBT assigned these studies a higher risk of bias . Its psychometric properties need to be more thoroughly vali date d , in a range of research fields , to underst and fully how to interpret results from its application 
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The review indicates that prevalence rates of CSA is high among both boys and girls in India .
Commercial sex workers , men who have sex with men , and women with psychiatric disorders were at higher risks for sexual abuse during childhood .
In addition , the synthesis of qualitative data across studies included in the review suggests that exposure and perpetration of CSA is a multifaceted phenomenon grounded in the interplay between individual , family , community , and societal factors .
The review indicates poor physical , behavioural , social , and mental health outcomes of CSA in India .