***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Fatigue or lack of interest can reduce the feasibility of intensive physical exercise in nursing home residents .  Low-volume exercise interventions with similar training effects might be an alternative . The aim of this r and omised controlled trial was to investigate the feasibility of Whole Body Vibration ( WBV ) in institutionalised elderly , and its impact on functional capacity and muscle performance . Methods Twenty-four nursing home residents ( 15 female , 9 male ; mean age 77.5 ± 11.0 years ) were r and omised ( stratification for age , gender and ADL-category ) to 6 weeks static WBV exercise ( WBV+ , N = 13 ) or control ( only static exercise ; N = 11 ) . Outcome measures were exercise compliance , timed up- and -go , Tinetti-test , back scratch , chair sit- and -reach , h and grip strength and linear isokinetic leg extension . Results At baseline , WBV+ and control groups were similar for all outcome variables . Twenty-one participants completed the program and attended respectively 96 % and 86 % of the exercise sessions for the WBV+ and control groups . Training-induced changes in timed up- and -go and Tinetti-test were better for WBV+ compared to control ( p = 0.029 for timed up- and -go , p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 for Tinetti body balance and total score respectively ) . In an alternative analysis ( Worst Rank Score & Last Observation Carried Forward ) the differences in change remained significant on the Tinetti body balance and total score . No other significant differences in change between both groups were observed . Conclusion In nursing home residents with limited functional dependency , six weeks static WBV exercise is feasible , and is beneficial for balance and mobility . The supplementary benefit of WBV on muscle performance compared to classic exercise remains to be explored further It is well known that applying vibrations to men influences multiple physiological functions . The authors analysed post effects of whole-body-vibration ( WBV ) on motor symptoms in Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . Sixty-eight persons with PD were r and omly subdivided into one experimental and one control group . Motor symptoms were assessed by the UPDRS ( Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale ) motor score . A cross-over design was used to control treatment effects . The treatment consisted of 5 series of whole-body-vibration taking 60 seconds each . On average a highly significant ( p<0.01 ) improvement of 16.8 % in the UPDRS motor score was found in the treatment group . Only marginal changes ( p>0.05 ) were found in the control group . The cross-over procedure showed comparable treatment effects ( 14.7 % improvement after treatment ) . With respect to different symptom clusters only small changes were found in limb akinesia and cranial symptoms . By contrast , tremor and rigidity scores were improved by 25 % and 24 % , respectively . According to the structure of symptom changes it is unlikely that these effects are explainable on peripheral sensory level , exclusively . With respect to the findings of other studies one can speculate about changes in activation of the supplementary motor area and in neurotransmitter functions OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of high-frequency whole-body vibration ( WBV ) on balancing ability in elderly women . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . Subjects were r and omized to either the WBV intervention or the no-treatment control group . SETTING Community-living elderly women . PARTICIPANTS Sixty-nine elderly women aged 60 or above without habitual exercise . INTERVENTION Side alternating WBV at 20Hz with 3 minutes a day and 3 days a week for 3 months in the WBV intervention group . Those in control group remained sedentary with normal daily life for the whole study period . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Limits of stability in terms of reaction time , movement velocity , directional control , endpoint excursion , maximum excursion , and the functional reach test were performed at baseline and endpoint . RESULTS Significant enhancement of stability was detected in movement velocity ( P<.01 ) , maximum point excursion ( P<.01 ) , in directional control ( P<.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS WBV was effective in improving the balancing ability in elderly women . This also provides evidence to support our user-friendly WBV treatment protocol of 3 minutes a day for the elderly to maintain their balancing ability and reduce risks of fall PURPOSE This r and omized controlled study was design ed to investigate the effects of a 4-month whole body vibration-intervention on muscle performance and body balance in young , healthy , nonathletic adults . METHODS Fifty-six volunteers ( 21 men and 35 women , aged 19 - 38 yr ) were r and omized to either the vibration group or control group . The vibration-intervention consisted of a 4-month whole body vibration training ( 4 min.d(-1 ) , 3 - 5 times a week ) employed by st and ing on a vertically vibrating platform . Five performance tests ( vertical jump , isometric extension strength of the lower extremities , grip strength , shuttle run , and postural sway on a stability platform ) were performed initially and at 2 and 4 months . RESULTS Four-month vibration intervention induced an 8.5 % ( 95 % CI , 3.7 - 13.5 % , P=0.001 ) net improvement in the jump height . Lower-limb extension strength increased after the 2-month vibration-intervention result ing in a 3.7 % ( 95 % CI , 0.3 - 7.2 % , P=0.034 ) net benefit for the vibration . This benefit , however , diminished by the end of the 4-month intervention . In the grip strength , shuttle run , or balance tests , the vibration-intervention showed no effect . CONCLUSION The 4-month whole body vibration-intervention enhanced jumping power in young adults , suggesting neuromuscular adaptation to the vibration stimulus . On the other h and , the vibration-intervention showed no effect on dynamic or static balance of the subjects . Future studies should focus on comparing the performance-enhancing effects of a whole body vibration to those of conventional resistance training and , as a broader objective , on investigating the possible effects of vibration on structure and strength of bones , and perhaps , incidence of falls of elderly people Background Whole-body vibration ( WBV ) is a new type of exercise that has been increasingly tested for the ability to prevent  bone fractures and osteoporosis in frail people . There are two currently marketed vibrating plates : a ) the whole plate oscillates up and down ; b ) reciprocating vertical displacements on the left and right side of a fulcrum , increasing the lateral accelerations . A few studies have shown recently the effectiveness of the up- and -down plate for increasing Bone Mineral Density ( BMD ) and balance ; but the effectiveness of the reciprocating plate technique remains mainly unknown . The aim was to compare the effects of WBV using a reciprocating platform at frequencies lower than 20 Hz and a walking-based exercise programme on BMD and balance in post-menopausal women .  Methods Twenty-eight physically untrained post-menopausal women were assigned at r and om to a WBV group or a Walking group . Both experimental programmes consisted of 3 sessions per week for 8 months . Each vibratory session included 6 bouts of 1 min ( 12.6 Hz in frequency and 3 cm in amplitude with 60 ° of knee flexion ) with 1 min rest between bouts . Each walking session was 55 minutes of walking and 5 minutes of stretching . Hip and lumbar BMD ( g·cm-2 ) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and balance was assessed by the blind flamingo test . ANOVA for repeated measurements was adjusted by baseline data , weight and age . Results After 8 months , BMD at the femoral neck in the WBV group was increased by 4.3 % ( P = 0.011 ) compared to the Walking group . In contrast , the BMD at the lumbar spine was unaltered in both groups . Balance was improved in the WBV group ( 29 % ) but not in the Walking group . Conclusion The 8-month course of vibratory exercise using a reciprocating plate is feasible and is more effective than walking to improve two major determinants of bone fractures : hip BMD and balance This study was design ed to investigate the effects of vibration on muscle performance and mobility in a healthy , untrained , older population . Forty-three participants ( 23 men , 20 women , 66 - 85 y old ) performed tests of sit-to-st and ( STS ) , 5- and 10-m fast walk , timed up- and -go test , stair mobility , and strength . Participants were r and omly assigned to a vibration group , an exercise-withoutvibration group , or a control group . Training consisted of 3 sessions/wk for 2 mo . After training , the vibration and exercise groups showed improved STS ( 12.4 % , 10.2 % ) , 5-m fast walk ( 3.0 % , 3.7 % ) , and knee-extension strength ( 8.1 % , 7.2 % ) compared with the control ( p < 0.05 ) . Even though vibration training improved lower limb strength , it did not appear to have a facilitatory effect on functional-performance tasks compared with the exercise-without-vibration group . Comparable mobility and performance changes between the experimental groups suggest that improvements are linked with greater knee-extension strength and largely attributed to the unloaded squats performed by both exercise groups Background Whole body vibration ( WBV ) is a novel modality of exercise shown to improve musculoskeletal function . This study aims to examine the effects of st and ing posture during low magnitude WBV training on muscle function and muscle morphology in older adults . Methods Nineteen men and women ( 50 - 80 years ) were recruited to a three month r and omised controlled trial and allocated to one of three groups : WBV with flexed knees ( FK ) , WBV with locked knees ( LK ) , or sham WBV with flexed knees ( CON ) . Exposure was intermittent ( 1 min WBV:1 min rest ) for 20 min , three times per week for 13 weeks . Measurements were taken at baseline and at three months . Primary outcomes included upper and lower body muscle function ( strength , power and velocity ) . Secondary outcomes were muscle morphology , balance , habitual and maximal gait velocity , stair climb power , and chair st and performance . Results Sixteen subjects completed the study .  Relative ( % ) upper body contraction velocity improved significantly after WBV with FK compared to LK ( FK 16.0 % , LK -7.6 % , CON 4.7 , p = 0.01 ) . Relative upper body strength ( LK 15.1 % , p = 0.02 ; FK 12.1 % , p = 0.04 ; CON 4.7 % ) increased significantly following WBV compared to control . Absolute ( p = 0.05 ) and relative ( p = 0.03 ) lower leg strength significantly improved with both st and ing postures ( LK 14.4 % ; FK 10.7 % ; CON 1.3 % ) . Only the LK group differed significantly from CON in relative leg strength gains ( p = 0.02 ) . Potentially clinical ly meaningful but statistically non-significant improvements in lower leg muscle cross-sectional area ( LK 3.7 cm2 , FK 2.4 cm2 , CON 2.2 cm2 p = 0.13 ) were observed after WBV with LK compared to the other groups . No significant effects of WBV on any functional performance tests were observed . Conclusions Our results suggest that WBV may improve muscle strength and contraction velocity in some muscle groups in older adults . However , hypothesised differential adaptation to st and ing posture ( FK > LK ) was observed only for upper body contraction velocity , making recommendations regarding this prescriptive element inconclusive . The efficacy , mechanism of action and long term feasibility of WBV for musculoskeletal health in older adults warrants continued investigation in robustly design ed , sufficiently powered future studies .Trial Registration ACTRN12609000353291 This r and omized controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12 month whole body vibration training program on postural control in healthy older adults . Two hundred and twenty people were r and omly assigned to a whole body vibration group ( n=94 ) , a fitness group ( n=60 ) or a control group ( n=66 ) . The whole body vibration and fitness groups trained three times a week for 1 year . The vibration group performed exercises on a vibration platform and the fitness group performed cardiovascular , strength , balance and stretching exercises .  Balance was measured using dynamic computerized posturography at baseline and after 6 and 12 months . Whole body vibration training was associated with reduced falls frequency on a moving platform when vision was disturbed and improvements in the response to toes down rotations at the ankle induced by the moving platform . The fitness group showed reduced falls frequency on the moving surface when vision was disturbed . Thus , whole body vibration training may improve some aspects of postural control in community dwelling older individuals Objective : To examine whether a whole-body vibration ( mechanical oscillations ) in comparison to a placebo administration leads to better postural control , mobility and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis . Design : Double-blind , r and omized controlled trial . Setting : Outpatient clinic of a university department of physical medicine and rehabilitation . Subjects : Twelve multiple sclerosis patients with moderate disability ( Kurtzke 's Exp and ed Disability Status Scale 2.5 - 5 ) were allocated either to the intervention group or to the placebo group . Interventions : In the intervention group a whole-body vibration at low frequency ( 2.0 - 4.4 Hz oscillations at 3-mm amplitude ) in five series of 1 min each with a 1-min break between the series was applied . In the 
    Output:
    
In summary , SS-WBV seems to have a beneficial effect on dynamic  balance in elderly individuals .