***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To examine the motivational process through which increases in aerobic capacity and decreases in total body fat are achieved during high-intensity intermittent training ( HIT ) and moderate-intensity continuous training ( MICT ) interventions . METHOD Eighty-seven physically inactive adults ( 65 % women , age = 42 ± 12 , BMI = 27.67 ± 4.99 kg/m² ) took part in a 10-week r and omized intervention testing group-based HIT , operationalized as repeated sprints of 15 - 60 s interspersed with periods of recovery cycling ≤ 25 min/session , 3 sessions/wk⁻¹ , or MICT , operationalized as cycling at constant workload of ∼65 % maximum aerobic capacity ( VO2max , 30 - 45 min/session⁻¹ , 5 sessions/wk⁻¹. Assessment s of VO2max and total body fat were made pre- and postintervention . Motivation variables were assessed midintervention and class attendance was monitored throughout . Path analysis was employed , controlling for treatment arm and baseline values of VO2max and total body fat . RESULTS The 2 groups differed in adherence only , favoring HIT . Baseline VO2max predicted intrinsic motivation midintervention . Intrinsic motivation predicted program adherence , which in turn predicted increases in VO2max and decreases in total body fat by the end of the study . CONCLUSION Intrinsic motivation in HIT and MICT is positively linked to adherence to these programs , which can facilitate improvements in fitness and body composition PURPOSE This study evaluated exercise-related predictors of  successful long-term weight control in women by analyzing the extent to which sustained exercise participation and self-determination theory (SDT)-based exercise motivation variables mediated the impact of a behavioral weight control intervention on 3-yr weight change . METHODS Longitudinal r and omized controlled trial consisting of a 1-yr SDT-based intervention and a 2-yr follow-up with 221 female participants ( means ± SD : age = 37.6 ± 7 yr , body mass index = 31.6 ± 4.1 kg·m(-2 ) ) . The tested model incorporated experimentally manipulated perceived need support , motivational regulations , and 2-yr exercise adherence as mediators of the intervention 's impact on 3-yr weight change . Paths were tested using partial least squares analysis . Where there were significant intervening paths , tests of mediation were conducted . RESULTS Treatment had significant effects on 1- and 2-yr autonomous regulations , 2-yr physical activity , and 3-yr weight change , fully mediated by the tested paths ( effect ratio = 0.10 - 0.61 ) . Moderate and vigorous exercise at 2 yr had a significant effect ( P < 0.001 ) on weight loss success at 3 yr and partially mediated the effect of treatment on weight change . The 2-yr autonomous regulation effects on follow-up weight change were only partially mediated by physical activity ( effect ratio = 0.42 ) . CONCLUSIONS This application of SDT to physical activity and weight management showed that not all types of motivation predict long-term behavioral outcomes and that sustained moderate and vigorous exercise mediated long-term weight change . It provides strong evidence for a link between experimentally increased autonomous motivation and exercise and long-term weight loss maintenance . Results highlight the importance of interventions targeting the internalization of exercise behavioral regulation and making exercise and physical activity positive and meaningful experiences rather than simply focusing on immediate behavior change in overweight/obese women Objectives . The aim was to investigate the effects of three different types of resistance training implementation . Design . R and omized controlled trial . Methods . Inactive , overweight women ( n = 143 ) , mean BMI 31.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2 , mean age 39.9 ± 10.5 years , were r and omized to one of the following groups : A ( BodyPump group training ) , B ( individual follow-up by a personal trainer ) , C ( nonsupervised exercise ) , or D ( controls ) . The intervention included 12 weeks of 45–60 minutes ' full-body resistance training three sessions per week . The outcomes in this paper are all secondary outcome measures : exercise motivation , self-perceived health , and quality of life . Results . Adherence averaged 26.1 ± 10.3 of 36 prescribed sessions . After the intervention period , all three training groups ( A – C ) had better scores on exercise motivation ( A = 43.9 ± 19.8 , B = 47.6 ± 15.4 , C = 48.4 ± 17.8 ) compared to the control group ( D ) ( 26.5 ± 18.2 ) ( p < 0.001 ) . Groups B and C scored better on self-perceived health ( B = 1.9 ± 0.8 , C = 2.3 ± 0.8 ) , compared to group D ( 3.0 ± 0.6 ) ( p < 0.001 ) . For quality of life measurement , there was no statistically significant difference between either intervention groups or the control . Conclusions . Resistance training contributed to higher scores in important variables related to exercise motivation and self-perceived health . Low adherence showed that it was difficult to motivate previously inactive , overweight women to participate in regular strength training OBJECTIVE : To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features : appropriate for assessing both r and omised and non-r and omised studies ; provision of both an overall score for study quality and a profile of scores not only for the quality of reporting , internal validity ( bias and confounding ) and power , but also for external validity . DESIGN : A pilot version was first developed , based on epidemiological principles , review s , and existing checklists for r and omised studies . Face and content validity were assessed by three experienced review ers and reliability was determined using two raters assessing 10 r and omised and 10 non-r and omised studies . Using different raters , the checklist was revised and tested for internal consistency ( Kuder-Richardson 20 ) , test-retest and inter-rater reliability ( Spearman correlation coefficient and sign rank test ; kappa statistics ) , criterion validity , and respondent burden . MAIN RESULTS : The performance of the checklist improved considerably after revision of a pilot version . The Quality Index had high internal consistency ( KR-20 : 0.89 ) as did the subscales apart from external validity ( KR-20 : 0.54 ) . Test-retest ( r 0.88 ) and inter-rater ( r 0.75 ) reliability of the Quality Index were good . Reliability of the subscales varied from good ( bias ) to poor ( external validity ) . The Quality Index correlated highly with an existing , established instrument for assessing r and omised studies ( r 0.90 ) . There was little difference between its performance with non-r and omised and with r and omised studies . Raters took about 20 minutes to assess each paper ( range 10 to 45 minutes ) . CONCLUSIONS : This study has shown that it is feasible to develop a checklist that can be used to assess the method ological quality not only of r and omised controlled trials but also non-r and omised studies . It has also shown that it is possible to produce a checklist that provides a profile of the paper , alerting review ers to its particular method ological strengths and weaknesses . Further work is required to improve the checklist and the training of raters in the assessment of external validity Based on self-determination theory , the present study developed and evaluated the utility a school-based intervention to change pupils ’ physical activity intentions and self-reported leisure-time physical activity behaviour . The study evaluated utility of the intervention to promote physical activity participation over a 5-week interval of time . A cluster r and omised design targeting 215 pupils from 10 schools with schools as the unit of r and omisation was adopted ( Male = 106 , Female = 109 , Age = 14.84 , SD = 0.48 ) . Results indicated that pupils who were taught  by autonomy-supportive teachers reported stronger intentions to exercise during leisure time and participated more frequently in leisure-time physical activities than pupils in the control condition . Autonomous motivation and intentions mediated the effects of the intervention on self-reported physical activity behaviour . It is concluded that self-determination theory provides a useful framework for the development of school-based interventions that ultimately affect leisure-time physical activity participation AIM Given the need to investigate determinants of exercise behavior , the study examined the relationship of the needs for autonomy , competence , and relatedness with exercise attendance and adherence/dropout in organized exercise programs  over 6 months . A secondary purpose was to further determine the predictive validity of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale ( BPNES ) responses . METHODS A prospect i ve design was utilized where 108 male exercise participants ( mean age : 27.38 years ) and 120 females ( mean age : 27.79 years ) completed the BPNES before an exercise class .  Six months later , the total number of their visits to the fitness center over the 6-month period was assessed , as well as whether they still attended . RESULTS Latent variable structural equation modeling demonstrated that it was only the need for competence that significantly predicted exercise attendance and this was the case for both male and female participants , simultaneously . Further , a binary logistic regression demonstrated that only the need for competence predicted group membership among participants who were categorized either as adherers or dropouts . CONCLUSION The need for competence emerged as the main predictor of levels of exercise attendance and of exercise adherence/dropout group membership . Moreover , the findings further supported and broadened the validity evidence base of the BPNES responses 
    Output:
    
Results : Results showed the relevance of autonomy support performed by exercise professionals , as well as the major contribution that these behaviors have toward the satisfaction of basic psychological needs , besides the inherent benefits of developing more autonomous regulations .
According to the literature , few studies have analyzed interpersonal thwarting behavior and the way this relates to basic psychological needs ' frustration .
Nether less , there seems to be a negative relationship between less self-determined regulations and exercise practice .
However , according to this review , interventions based on SDT appear to be fundamental when it comes to promote the maintenance of a long-term exercise practice