***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Little is known about the benefits of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) on improvement of stability of dental implants .  The aim of this r and omized clinical study was to assess the LLLT effect on implants stability by means of resonance frequency analysis ( RFA ) . Thirty implants were distributed bilaterally in the posterior m and ible of eight patients . At the experimental side , the implants were su bmi tted to LLLT ( 830 nm , 86 mW , 92.1 J/cm2 , 0.25 J , 3 s/point , at 20 points ) , and on the control side , the irradiation was simulated ( placebo ) . The first irradiation was performed in the immediate postoperative period , and it was repeated every 48 h in the first 14 days . The initial implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) of the implants was measured by means of RFA . New ISQ measurements were made after 10 days , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 weeks . The initial ISQ values ranged from 65–84 , with a mean of 76 , undergoing a significant drop in stability from the 10th day to the 6th week in the irradiated group , and presenting a gradual increase from the 6th to the 12th week . The highest ISQ values were observed on the 10th day in the irradiated group , and the lowest in the 6th week in both groups . Under the conditions of this study , no evidence was found of any effect of LLLT on the stability of the implants when measured by RFA . Since high primary stability and good bone quality are of major relevancy for a rigid bone – implant interface , additional LLLT may have little impact macroscopically In our previous studies , we confirmed that low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) with a 980-nm gallium – aluminum – arsenide diode laser was beneficial for the healing of the alveolar bone in rats with systemic disease . However , many factors can affect the biostimulatory effects of LLLT . Thus , we attempted to investigate the effects of irradiation time on the healing of extraction sockets by evaluating the expressions of genes and proteins related to bone healing . The left and right first maxillary molars of 24 rats were extracted . Rats were r and omly divided into four groups in which extraction sockets were irradiated for 0 , 1 , 2 , or 5 min each day for 3 or 7 days . Specimens containing the sockets were examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting . LLLT increased the expressions of all tested genes , Runx2 , collagen type 1 , osteocalcin , platelet-derived growth factor-B , and vascular endothelial growth factor , in a time-dependent manner . The highest levels of gene expressions were in the 5-min group after 7 days . Five minutes of irradiation caused prominent increases of the expression of all tested proteins after both 3 and 7 days . The expression level of each protein in group 4 was higher by almost twofold compared with group 1 after 7 days . Laser irradiation for 5 min caused the highest expressions of genes and proteins related to bone healing . In conclusion , LLLT had positive effects on the early stages of bone healing of extraction sockets in rats , which were irradiation time-dependent Bisphosphonates ( BSPs ) are used for the treatment of multiple myeloma , metastatic breast and lung cancer , Paget 's disease , osteoporosis , hypercalcemia due to malignancy , and many other skeletal diseases . BSPs reduce osteoclastic functions , which result in bone resorption . Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of jaws ( BRONJ ) is a newly developed term that is used to describe the significant complication in patients receiving bisphosphonates .  BSPs are known to exhibit an anti-angiogenetic effect that initiates tissue necrosis of the hard tissue . There is currently no consensus on the correct approach to this issue . The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the effects of laser surgery with biostimulation to conventional surgery in the treatment of BSP-induced avascular bone necrosis on 20 patients who have been treated in our clinic . BRONJ was evaluated in patients with lung , prostate , and breast cancer under intravenous BSP treatment . Twenty patients in this study developed m and ibular or maxillary avascular necrosis after a minor tooth extraction surgery or spontaneously . Bone turnover rates were evaluated by serum terminal C-telopeptide levels ( CTX ) using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique and patients were treated with laser or conventional surgical treatments and medical therapy . Ten patients were treated with laser surgery and biostimulation . An Er : YAG laser ( Fotona Fidelis Plus II ® Combine laser equipment , Slovenia ) very long pulse ( VLP ) mode ( 200 mJ , 20 Hz ) using a fiber tip 1.3 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length was used to remove the necrotic and granulation tissues from the area of avascular necrosis . Biostimulation was applied postoperatively using an Nd : YAG laser . Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) was applied to the tissues for 1 min from 4 cm distance using an Nd : YAG laser ( Fotona-Slovenia ) with a R24 950-µm fiber h and piece long-pulse ( LP ) mode , 0.25-W , 10 Hz power/cm2 from the mentioned distance the spot size was 0.4 cm2 , and power output was 2.5 J. Energy density from the mentioned distance was calculated to be 6.25 J/cm2 . The other ten patients were treated with conventional surgery . Treatment outcomes were noted as either complete healing or incomplete healing . There were no statistically significant differences between laser surgery and conventional surgery  ( p > 0.05 ) . CTX values also did not affect the prognosis of the patients . Treatment outcomes were significantly better in patients with stage II osteonecrosis than in patients with stage I osteonecrosis . Our findings suggest that dental evaluation of the patients prior to medication is an important factor in the prevention of BRONJ .  Laser surgery is a beneficial alternative in the treatment of patients with this situation . Further r and omized studies with larger patient numbers may also improve our underst and ing of treatment protocol s for this situation A r and omised , double blind comparative study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of low level laser therapy in the reduction of postoperative pain and swelling in patients undergoing the extraction of bilaterally impacted m and ibular third molar teeth .  Healing of the sockets was also compared after 1 week . A group of 64 patients had one r and omly-selected operation side treated with a semi-conductor laser and the other side with an apparently identical but non-operating model . Complete data were obtained from 52 of the 64 patients . The results showed that there was no evidence of a difference in pain and swelling on the third day after operation between laser and placebo sides . There was no difference between the two sides when they were assessed for healing 7 days after surgery Recent pre clinical and clinical data have suggested the potential benefit of photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) in the treatment of periodontitis . However , currently , there are very limited data from controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of PDT in the treatment of periodontitis . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of PDT in non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy . Twenty-four patients receiving regularly supportive periodontal therapy were r and omly treated with either subgingival scaling and root planing followed by a single episode of PDT ( test ) or subgingival scaling and root planing alone ( control ) . The following parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 3 months and 6 months after therapy : full mouth plaque score ( FMPS ) , full mouth bleeding score ( FMBS ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) at experimental sites , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , gingival recession ( REC ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) . Primary outcome variables were changes in PPD and CAL . Microbiological evaluation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( A.a . ) , Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g . ) , Prevotella intermedia ( P.i . ) , Tannerella forsythensis ( T.f . ) , Treponema denticola ( T.d . ) , Peptostreptococcus micros ( P.m . ) , Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F.n . ) , Campylobacter rectus ( C.r . ) , Eubacterium nodatum ( E.n . ) , Eikenella corrodens ( E.c . ) , and Capnocytophaga species ( C.s . ) was also performed at baseline and at 3 months and 6 months after therapy , using a commercially available polymerase chain reaction test . No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups . At 3 months and 6 months after treatment , there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of PPD , CAL and FMPS . At 3 months and 6 months , a statistically significantly higher improvement of BOP was found in the test group . At 3 months after therapy , the microbiological analysis showed a statistically significant reduction of F.n . and E.n . in the test group . At 6 months , statistically significantly higher numbers of E.c . and C.s . were detected in the test group . The additional application of a single episode of PDT to scaling and root planing failed to result in an additional improvement in terms of PPD reduction and CAL gain , but it result ed in significantly higher reduction of bleeding scores than following scaling and root planing alone BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of low level laser therapy ( LLLT ) in osteoporotic rats by means of subjective histopathological analysis , deposition of collagen at the site of fracture , biomechanical properties and immunohistochemistry for COX-2 , Cbfa-1 and VEGF . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 female Wistar rats ( 12weeks-old , ±250 g ) were su bmi tted to ovariectomy ( OVX ) . Eight weeks after the OVX , a tibial bone defect was created in all animals and they were r and omly divided into 3 groups ( n=10 ) : control bone defect group ( CG ) : bone defects without any treatment ; laser 60J/cm(2 ) group ( L60 ) : animals irradiated with LLLT , at 60J/cm(2 ) and laser 120J/cm(2 ) group ( L120 ) : animals irradiated with LLLT , at 120J/cm(2 ) . RESULTS In the laser treated groups , at both fluences , a higher amount of newly formed bone was evidence d as well as granulation tissue compared to control . Picrosirius analysis demonstrated that irradiated animals presented a higher deposition of collagen fibers and a better organization of these fibers when compared to other groups , mainly at 120J/cm(2 ) . COX-2 , Cbfa-1 or VEGF immunoreactivity was detected in a similar manner either 60J/cm(2 ) or 120J/cm(2 ) fluences . However , no differences were shown in the biomechanical analysis . CONCLUSION Taken together , our results support the notion that LLLT improves bone repair in the tibia of osteoporotic rats as a result of stimulation of the newly formed bone , fibrovascularization and angiogenesis This study evaluated the effect of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) on bone regeneration at the midpalatal suture ( MPS ) after rapid maxillary expansion ( RME ) , using cone beam computed tomography . Fourteen 8–14-year-old patients with transverse maxillary deficiency underwent RME with a Hyrax-type exp and er activated with one full turn after installation and two half turn daily activations until achieving overcorrection . Patients were r and omly assigned to either a control group ( RME alone , n = 4 ) or an experimental group ( n = 10 ) in which RME was followed by 12 LLLT sessions ( GaAlAs , p = 70 mW , λ = 780 nm , Ø = 0.04 cm2 ) . Two tomographic images of the MPS were obtained — T0 , after disjunction and T1 , after 4 months . Bone regeneration was evaluated by measuring the optical density ( OD ) on the tomographic images using InVivo Dental 5.0 software . Data were analyzed by the paired Student ’s t test ( α = 0.05 % ) . A statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 OD values was observed in the laser-treated group ( p = 0.00 ) , but this difference was not significant in the control group ( p = 0.20 ) . Intergroup comparison of OD values at T1 revealed higher OD in the laser-treated group ( p = 0.05 ) . In conclusion , LLLT had a positive influence on bone regeneration of the midpalatal suture by accelerating the repair process OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of the different frequencies of low-level laser radiation ( diode 670 nm and Helium-Neon 632.8 nm ) on the healing process after human molar extraction s. Frequencies of 5 Hz , 292 Hz , and 9,000 Hz were used in experiments . Monitoring of secretory IgA and albumin level in saliva and changes in bone density were used as objective markers of biostimulatory effect . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA From the literature , it is known that if the alveolus is irradiated after extraction along with the lingual and buccal bony wall , faster coag 
    Output:
    
Within the limitation of this review , a possible improvement in bone density can be found when LLLT is applied postoperatively in maxillofacial bony defects .
LLLT also seems to promote anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and accelerate healing , as well as enhance quality of life related to oral health .