***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Mobile health ( mHealth ) has continuously been used as a method in behavioral research to improve self-management in patients with chronic diseases . However , the evidence of its effectiveness in chronic disease management in the adult population is still lacking . We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on process measures as well as health outcomes in r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) to improve chronic disease management . Methods Relevant r and omized controlled studies that were published between January 2005 and March 2016 were search ed in six data bases : PubMed , CINAHL , EMBASE , the Cochrane Library , PsycINFO , and Web of Science . The inclusion criteria were RCTs that conducted an intervention using mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets for adult patients with chronic diseases to examine disease management or health promotion . Results Of the 12 RCTs review ed , 10 of the mHealth interventions demonstrated statistically significant improvement in some health outcomes . The most common features of mHealth systems used in the review ed RCTs were real-time or regular basis symptom assessment s , pre-programed reminders , or feedbacks tailored specifically to the data provided by participants via mHealth devices . Most studies developed their own mHealth systems including mobile apps . Training of mHealth systems was provided to participants in person or through paper-based instructions . None of the studies reported the relationship between health outcomes and patient engagement levels on the mHealth system . Conclusions Findings from mHealth intervention studies for chronic disease management have shown promising aspects , particularly in improving self-management and some health outcomes Background Synthesis of multiple r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions . Filtering of search es is time consuming , and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy . Automation of systematic review s is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making . We developed Rayyan ( http://rayyan.qcri.org ) , a free web and mobile app , that helps expedite the initial screening of abstract s and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability . For the beta testing phase , we used two published Cochrane review s in which included studies had been selected manually . Their search es , with 1030 records and 273 records , were uploaded to Rayyan . Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two review s. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan ’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature . Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability , accuracy against manual methods , and the added value of the prediction feature . The “ taster ” review ( 273 records ) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability . The second review ( 1030 records ) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials . The “ suggestions ” and “ hints , ” based on the “ prediction model , ” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies . Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements . The survey respondents reported 40 % average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools , with 34 % of the respondents reporting more than 50 % time savings . In addition , around 75 % of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on review s to be the two most important features of Rayyan . As of November 2016 , Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of review s totaling more than 1.6 M citations . Feedback from users , obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey , has highlighted the ease in exploration of search es , the time saved , and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions . The strongest features of the app , identified and reported in user feedback , were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users . Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of review ers BACKGROUND In 2015 , India had an estimated 69.2 million people with diabetes and a national prevalence of 8.7 % . Evidence is mounting for the benefits of telemedicine in diabetes care , but remains limited on mobile-health ( m-Health ) interventions . INTRODUCTION This study assessed the impact of an m-Health diabetes platform on clinical outcomes , patient-reported outcomes , patient and provider satisfaction , and app usage . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This open-label , two-arm parallel study enrolled 91 people at 3 sites in India , aged 18 - 65 , with type 2 diabetes , and an A1c between 7.5 % and 12.5 % ( 58 - 113 mmol/mol ) . Participants were r and omly assigned 1:1 to m-Health or usual care and observed for 6 months . All received free visits , laboratory tests , transportation fees , and strips and lancets . Intervention participants received the m-Health app and a mobile phone data stipend . RESULTS A1c change was previously reported as statistically significant . Significantly more participants in intervention than control had improved medication adherence ( 39.0 % vs. 12.8 % ; p = 0.03 ) and increased frequency of blood glucose ( BG ) self-testing ( 39.0 % vs. 10.3 % ; p = 0.01 ) at 6 months from baseline . No other outcomes were significantly different . Among m-Health users , 75 % of participants actively used the app at week 24 . Participants entered 29,668 medications and 2,575 BG readings , sent 497 messages , and received 890 messages . Most participants ( 80 % ) were satisfied with all aspects of the app and all seven providers rated the software very acceptable . DISCUSSION Participants assigned to m-Health had increased medication adherence and frequency of BG testing compared with usual care participants . CONCLUSIONS This tool could be an effective way to exp and access to quality chronic disease care and improve outcomes Background : Mobile phone technology is being used worldwide to improve follow-ups in health care . Aim : Aim of the study is to evaluate whether the use of mobile technology will improve or not the follow-up of Indian patients from a community mental health center . Material s and Methods : Patients or caregivers having mobile phones and consenting for study were enrolled , and sociodemographic and clinical details of patients were taken . Participants were r and omized into two groups ( short message service [ SMS ] vs. non-SMS group ) . At first intervention level , a SMS was sent to SMS group ( not in non-SMS group ) 1 day before their appointment . At second-level intervention ( voice call level ) , patients from both groups who missed their first appointment were given a voice call requesting them to come for follow-up , and the reasons for first missed appointments ( MA ) were also elicited . The effect of these two intervention levels ( first SMS for SMS group and next voice calls for both groups ) on follow-up was evaluated . Results : A total of 214 patients were enrolled in the study . At first SMS intervention level of SMS group ( n = 106 ) , 62.26 % of participants reached appointment-on-time ( RA ) , while in the non-SMS/as usual group ( n = 108 ) , 45.37 % of patients RA . The difference of these groups is statistically significant . At second-level intervention ( voice call ) , 66 of 88 ( another 15 were unable to contact ) were came for follow-up consultation within 2 days of MA . Distance and diagnosis of alcohol dependence were significantly associated with MA . Social reasons were most common reasons for first MA . Conclusion : The use of mobile phone technology in an outpatient community psychiatric clinic improved follow-up significantly The purpose of this review was to determine whether mHealth interventions were effective in low- and middle-income countries in order to create a baseline for the evidence to support mHealth in developing countries . Studies were identified by search ing Medline on 02 October 2014 for articles published in the English language between January 2000 and September 2014 . Inclusion criteria were : 1 ) written in English , 2 ) completion of an mHealth intervention in a low or middle-income country , 3 ) measurement of patient outcomes , and 4 ) participants 18 years of age or older . 7,920 titles were review ed and 7 were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria . Interventions included a cluster r and omized trial , mixed methods study , retrospective comparison of an opt-in text message program , a two-arm proof of concept , single arm trial , a r and omized trial , and a single subject design . Five out of seven of the studies showed significant difference between the control and intervention . Currently there is little evidence on mHealth interventions in developing countries , and existing studies are very diverse ; however initial studies show changes in clinical outcomes , adherence , and health communication , including improved communication with providers , decrease in travel time , ability to receive expert advice , changes in clinical outcomes , and new forms of cost-effective education . While this initial review is promising , more evidence is needed to support and direct system-level re source investment BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented by lifestyle modification ; however , successful lifestyle intervention programmes are labour intensive . Mobile phone messaging is an inexpensive alternative way to deliver educational and motivational advice about lifestyle modification . We aim ed to assess whether mobile phone messaging that encouraged lifestyle change could reduce incident type 2 diabetes  in Indian Asian men with impaired glucose tolerance . METHODS We did a prospect i ve , parallel-group , r and omised controlled trial between Aug 10 , 2009 , and Nov 30 , 2012 , at ten sites in southeast India . Working Indian men ( aged 35 - 55 years ) with impaired glucose tolerance were r and omly assigned ( 1:1 ) with a computer-generated r and omisation sequence to a mobile phone messaging intervention or st and ard care ( control group ) . Participants in the intervention group received frequent mobile phone messages compared with controls who received st and ard lifestyle modification advice at baseline only . Field staff and participants were , by necessity , not masked to study group assignment , but allocation was concealed from laboratory personnel as well as principal and co-investigators . The primary outcome was incidence of type 2 diabetes , analysed by intention to treat . This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT00819455 . RESULTS We assessed 8741 participants for eligibility . 537 patients were r and omly assigned to either the mobile phone messaging intervention ( n=271 ) or st and ard care ( n=266 ) . The cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes was lower in those who received mobile phone messages than in controls : 50 ( 18 % ) participants in the intervention group developed type 2 diabetes compared with 73 ( 27 % ) in the control group ( hazard ratio 0·64 , 95 % CI 0·45 - 0·92 ; p=0·015 ) . The number needed to treat to prevent one case of type 2 diabetes was 11 ( 95 % CI 6 - 55 ) . One patient in the control group died suddenly at the end of the first year . We recorded no other serious adverse events . INTERPRETATION Mobile phone messaging is an effective and acceptable method to deliver advice and support towards lifestyle modification to prevent type 2 diabetes in men at high risk . FUNDING The UK India Education and Research Initiative , the World Diabetes Foundation OBJECTIVE : To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features : appropriate for assessing both r and omised and non-r and omised studies ; provision of both an overall score for study quality and a profile of scores not only for the quality of reporting , internal validity ( bias and confounding ) and power , but also for external validity . DESIGN : A pilot version was first developed , based on epidemiological principles , review s , and existing checklists for r and omised studies . Face and content validity were assessed by three experienced review ers and reliability was determined using two raters assessing 10 r and omised and 10 non-r and omised studies . Using different raters , the checklist was revised and tested for internal consistency ( Kuder-Richardson 20 ) , test-retest and inter-rater reliability ( Spearman correlation coefficient and sign rank test ; kappa statistics ) , criterion validity , and respondent burden . MAIN RESULTS : The performance of the checklist improved considerably after revision of a pilot version . The Quality Index had high internal consistency ( KR-20 : 0.89 ) as did the subscales apart from external validity ( KR-20 : 0.54 ) . Test-retest ( r 0.88 ) and inter-rater ( r 0.75 ) reliability of the Quality Index were good . Reliability of the subscales varied from good ( bias ) to poor ( external validity ) . The Quality Index correlated highly with an existing , established instrument for assessing r and omised studies ( r 0.90 ) . There was little difference between its performance with non-r and omised and with r and omised studies . Raters took about 20 minutes to assess each paper ( range 10 to 45 minutes ) . CONCLUSIONS : This study has shown that it is feasible to develop a checklist that can be used to assess the method ological quality not only of r and omised controlled trials but also non-r and omised studies . It has also shown that it is possible to produce a checklist that provides a profile of the paper , alerting review ers to its particular method ological strengths and weaknesses . Further work is required to improve the checklist and the training of raters in the assessment of external validity Background : Stress among diabetic patients is much more as compared to normal individuals . A delayed recognition of stress undoubtedly worsens the prognosis for survival for many diabetic patients . Hence , this study was planned to develop an intervention model for the reduction of stress among diabetic patients and to evaluate the developed intervention model in 
    Output:
    
All the studies reported positive health outcomes following the intervention , including better self-management , increased patient – provider communication , improved medication adherence , and reduced disease symptoms .
Conclusion Current evidence suggests a low number of interventions with positive outcomes .