***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND : Severe traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) in children is associated with substantial long-term morbidity and mortality . Currently , there are no successful neuroprotective/neuroreparative treatments for TBI . Numerous pre clinical studies suggest that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells ( BMMNCs ) , their derivative cells ( marrow stromal cells ) , or similar cells ( umbilical cord blood cells ) offer neuroprotection . OBJECTIVE : To determine whether autologous BMMNCs are a safe treatment for severe TBI in children . METHODS : Ten children aged 5 to 14 years with a postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale of 5 to 8 were treated with 6 × 106 autologous BMMNCs/kg body weight delivered intravenously within 48 hours after TBI . To determine the safety of the procedure , systemic and cerebral hemodynamics were monitored during bone marrow harvest ; infusion-related toxicity was determined by pediatric logistic organ dysfunction ( PELOD ) scores , hepatic enzymes , Murray lung injury scores , and renal function . Conventional magnetic resonance imaging ( cMRI ) data were obtained at 1 and 6 months postinjury , as were neuropsychological and functional outcome measures . RESULTS : All patients survived . There were no episodes of harvest-related depression of systemic or cerebral hemodynamics . There was no detectable infusion-related toxicity as determined by PELOD score , hepatic enzymes , Murray lung injury scores , or renal function . cMRI imaging comparing gray matter , white matter , and CSF volumes showed no reduction from 1 to 6 months postinjury . Dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Score at 6 months showed 70 % with good outcomes and 30 % with moderate to severe disability . CONCLUSION : Bone marrow harvest and intravenous mononuclear cell infusion as treatment for severe TBI in children is logistically feasible and safe OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of autologous human bone marrow derived mononuclear cell transplantation on spinal cord injury in a phase I/II , nonr and omized , open-label study , conducted on 297 patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS We transplanted unmanipulated bone marrow mononuclear cells through a lumbar puncture , and assessed the outcome using st and ard neurologic investigations and American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) protocol , and with respect to safety , therapeutic time window , CD34-/+ cell count , and influence on sex and age . RESULTS No serious complications or adverse events were reported , except for minor reversible complaints . Sensory and motor improvements occurred in 32.6 % of patients , and the time elapsed between the injury and the treatment considerably influenced the outcome of the therapy . The CD34-/+ cell count determined the state of improvement , or no improvement , but not the degree of improvement . No correlation was found between level of injury and improvement , and age and sex had no role in the outcome of the cellular therapy . CONCLUSION Transplant of autologous human bone marrow derived mononuclear cells through a lumbar puncture is safe , and one-third of spinal cord injury patients show perceptible improvements in the neurologic status . The time elapsed between injury and therapy and the number of CD34-/+ cells injected influenced the outcome of the therapy To assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of autologous human bone marrow cell ( BMC ) transplantation and the administration of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) , a phase I/II open-label and nonr and omized study was conducted on 35 complete spinal cord injury patients . The BMC s were transplanted by injection into the surrounding area of the spinal cord injury site within 14 injury days ( n = 17 ) , between 14 days and 8 weeks ( n = 6 ) , and at more than 8 weeks ( n = 12 ) after injury . In the control group , all patients ( n = 13 ) were treated only with conventional decompression and fusion surgery without BMC transplantation . The patients underwent preoperative and follow-up neurological assessment using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale ( AIS ) , electrophysiological monitoring , and  magnetic resonance imaging  ( MRI ) . The mean follow-up period was 10.4 months after injury . At 4 months , the MRI analysis showed the enlargement of spinal cords and the small enhancement of the cell implantation sites , which were not any adverse lesions such as malignant transformation , hemorrhage , new cysts , or infections . Furthermore , the BMC transplantation and GM-CSF administration were not associated with any serious adverse clinical events increasing morbidities . The AIS grade increased in 30.4 % of the acute and subacute treated patients ( AIS A to B or C ) , whereas no significant improvement was observed in the chronic treatment group . Increasing neuropathic pain during the treatment and tumor formation at the site of transplantation are still remaining to be investigated . Long-term and large scale multicenter clinical study is required to determine its precise therapeutic effect . Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article BACKGROUND AIMS Spinal cord injury is common among young subjects involved in motor vehicle accidents . Mechanisms and attempts to reverse post-traumatic pathophysiologic consequences are still being investigated . Unfortunately no effective and well-established treatment modality has been developed so far . The regeneration capability of the human nervous system following an injury is highly limited . METHODS The study involved four patients ( two male , two female ) who had suffered spinal cord injury as a result of various types of trauma . On neurologic examination , all the patients were determined to be in American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) grade A. All patients were treated with decompression , stabilization and fusion for vertebral trauma anteriorly , as well as intralesional implantation of cellular bone marrow concentrates using a posterior approach 1 month after the first operation . The patients were then treated and followed-up in the physical rehabilitation clinic . RESULTS At the end of the post-operative 1-year follow-up , two of the patients were classified as ASIA C while one was classified as ASIA B. One patient showed no neurologic change ; none of the patients suffered from any complications or adverse effects as a result of intralesional application of bone marrow cells . CONCLUSIONS The results of this experimental study show the potential contribution of intralesional implantation of bone marrow to neuronal regeneration in the injured spinal cord , with neuronal changes . In light of the results of this experimental study , the potential for regenerative treatment in injuries of the human spinal cord is no longer a speculation but an observation 
    Output:
    
Data from published trials revealed that encouraging results were achieved by autologous BMMNCs for the treatment of spinal cord injury .