***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The raised score in the revised Hasegawa dementia scales ( HDS ) demonstrated that the effect of Yi Zhi Capsules ( YZC ) in treating loss of intellectual function after cerebrovascular diseases was significantly better than that of the western drug Piracetam [ symbol : see text ] ( P < 0.01 ) . The morbidity of vascular dementia was much lower in the treatment group than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ) after a one-year follow-up ; and the blood lipid level and some indexes in rheological examinations were also improved significantly ( P < 0.05 , or < 0.01 ) . The data indicate that YZC is a relatively good preparation for prevention of vascular dementia OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether a traditional Chinese herbal medicine , ba wei di huang wan ( BDW ) , improves cognitive and physical functioning in dementia patients . DESIGN An 8-week r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . SETTING Long-term-care facility in Japan . PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three patients with mild to severe dementia ( 7 men and 26 women ; mean age + /- st and ard deviation=84.4 + /- 7.8 ) were recruited and enrolled from May 2002 through September 2002 . INTERVENTION Participants were r and omly assigned to the active drug ( BDW ) group ( n=16 ) or the placebo group ( n=17 ) and treated for 8 weeks . MEASUREMENT Cognitive function and activities of daily living ( ADLs ) ; palsatility index . RESULTS After the trial , cognitive function as assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) significantly improved from 13.5 + /- 8.5 to 16.3 + /- 7.7 ( P<.01 , 95 % confidence interval (CI)=-4.1 to -1.4 ) in the BDW group . The ADL score in the Barthel Index also significantly changed , from 61.8 + /- 34.6 to 78.9 + /- 21.1 ( P<.01 , 95 % CI=-26.2 to -7.9 ) . In contrast , MMSE and Barthel Index scores of the placebo group showed no significant change . Eight weeks after the end of the administration , MMSE and Barthel Index scores of the BDW group declined to the baseline level . The pulsatility index in the internal carotid artery as measured using Doppler sonography significantly decreased in the BDW group ( 2.5 + /- 1.7 to 1.9 + /- 0.5 , P<.05 ) but not in the placebo group . CONCLUSION These results argue the benefits of BDW in the treatment of dementia OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of modified Sanjiasan decoction ( MSD ) on vascular dementia ( VD ) . METHODS Thirty-seven patients in the treated group were given MSD , one dosage each day , and 31 patients in the control group were administered orally Naofukang 0.8 g three times a day . The treatment course for both groups was three months . The indices as Hasegawa dementia scale ( HDS ) , mini mental state examination ( MMSE ) and its subentries , intelligence quotient ( IQ ) and memory quotient ( MQ ) were examined . RESULTS MSD could improve the scores of HDS , MMSE and its subentries ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , ameliorate dementia state and enhance IQ ( P<0.05 ) and MQ ( P<0.01 ) in patients with VD . CONCLUSION MSD has a certain effect on intelligence benefiting and dementia antagonizing OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Kangxin capsule ( KXC ) on homocysteine ( HCY ) and beta-amyloid protein ( beta-Ap ) in patients with vascular dementia . METHODS Sixty-three patients with vascular dementia were r and omly divided into two groups , the 33 patients in the treated group and the 30 in the control group . Basal treatment were given to both groups , besides , KXC was given to the treated group and Hydergine was given to the control group . The levels of plasma HCY , beta-Ap as well as the changes of mini mental state examination ( MMSE ) , activity of daily living ( ADL ) and TCM Syndrome scoring were observed before and after treatment . RESULTS KXC could significantly decrease the levels of HCY and beta-Ap ( P < 0.01 ) , rise the MMSE scores , reduce ADL scores and ameliorate TCM Syndrome . CONCLUSION KXC can effectively regulate the levels of HCY , beta-Ap in vascular dementia patients OBJECTIVE To observe the validity and safety of Kangxin capsule curing the patients with vascular dementia ( VaD ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-six patients with vascular dementia of kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type were selected on the basis of defined diagnostic criteria and were r and omly divided into Kangxin group ( 29 ) and control group ( 27 ) , observing the relevant accumulation scores in dementia scale before and after treatment and changes of endothelin ( ET ) , sex hormone , immunity and routine examinations . RESULTS Kangxin capsule can effectively improve the symptom of patients with VaD of senile kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type , and the average value of curative effect index of 29 patients in the treatment group is 23.01>/=20 % , i.e. effective ; compared with that before treatment , both CD(4 ) and CD(4).CD(8)(-1 ) rises ( P<0.05 ) after the treatment with Kangxin capsule ; for the male VaD patients of the Kangxin group , T level increases ( P<0.05 ) and estrodial ( E(2)).testerone (T)(-1 ) value decreases ( P<0.05 ) after the treatment ; for the female VaD patients of the Kangxin group , E(2 ) , E(2).T(-1 ) value increases a great deal ( P<0.05 ) compared with that before treatment ; ET level of both groups decreased on average ( P<0.01 ) , and did not demonstrate any obvious toxic side effect . CONCLUSIONS Kangxin capsule is a valid and safe preparation of Chinese traditional medicine for curing VaD of senile kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Shuizhitong capsule ( SZT ) in treating senile vascular dementia ( VD ) and on changes of related physio-chemical criteria . METHODS Eighty-five patients with VD were r and omly divided into the treated group ( n = 51 ) and the control group ( n = 34 ) in the ratio of 3:2 , treated with SZT and Piracetam respectively . Before and after treatment , the Zhang 's Dementia Scoring ( HDS ) and Function of Social Activity Question naire ( FAQ ) scoring , cerebral blood flow and hemorrheologic properties were determined . RESULTS SZT could significantly improve the patients ' clinical symptoms , intracranial hemodynamic condition and the hyperviscosity , hypercoagulation and hyperaggregation status , lower the whole blood and plasma specific viscosity , raise the living st and ard of partial patients , with significant difference between before and after treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of SZT in treating senile VD is definite OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of scalp-acupuncture on intelligence in patients with vascular dementia ( VaD ) . METHODS A total of 108 VaD patients were r and omly divided into two groups : scalp-acupuncture group and Western medicine group . The scores of Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) , Blesse Dementia Scale ( BDS ) , Hasegawa Dementia Scale ( HDS ) , Abilities of Daily Life ( ADL ) before and after treatment in the two groups were detected . RESULTS A total of 92 patients completed the treatment . The scores of MMSE , BDS and HDS in the two groups were significantly increased , and the ADL scores significantly declined ( P<0.05 ) . There was no difference in the scores of MMSE , BDS , HDS and ADL between the two groups before and after the treatment . There was no difference in the total effectiveness between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Scalp-acupuncture therapy could improve the clinical intelligence level of VaD patients BACKGROUND Vascular dementia ( VaD ) is the second most prevalent type of dementia among the aged , for whom limited pharmacologic options are available so far . SaiLuoTong capsule is a modern traditional Chinese medicine formula , which has been demonstrated to improve cognition of VaD by the reports of animal experiments and preliminary clinical trial . However , evaluation of this therapy in r and omized multicenter trials is needed . In this article , we present the rationale and design of the SaiLuoTong in Vascular Dementia Study . METHODS This phase 2 clinical trial of SaiLuoTong among patients with mild-to-moderate VaD is a 26-week , multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study with a subsequent 26-week , open-label extension . After a 4-week placebo run-in period , participants are central ly r and omized ( 1:1:1 ) to 3 groups : group A receives SaiLuoTong 360 mg per day for 52 weeks ; group B receives SaiLuoTong 240 mg per day for 52 weeks ; group C ( the control group ) are further r and omly assigned to 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio and receives placebo during the double-blind phase , then SaiLuoTong 360 mg per day or SaiLuoTong 240 mg per day during the extension phase . The primary outcome measures include the VaD assessment scale cognitive subscale and the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study - clinical global impression of change . Safety measures include body weight , vital signs , electrocardiography , laboratory tests , and records of adverse events . Assuming an attrition rate of 20 % , at least 372 patients are required to obtain a statistical power of 80 % . RESULTS The first patient was enrolled into the study in April 2012 and the completion of the study is expected in September 2014 . CONCLUSIONS The rigorous methodology of the study will hopefully move forward the scientific evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of VaD. The results of the present study will provide high- quality evidence on the effect of SaiLuoTong in patients with VaD and has the potential to establish a novel therapeutic approach for this disorder Background and Objective : There are currently no drugs approved to treat vascular dementia (VaD).The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with donepezil , an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor , may provide benefit for VaD patients . Methods : Combined analysis of 2 identical r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 24-week studies involving 1,219 patients enrolled at 109 investigational sites in the USA , Europe , Canada and Australia . Patients were r and omized to receive donepezil 5 mg/day ( n = 406 ) or 10 mg/day ( after brief titration ; n = 421 ) or placebo ( n = 392 ) . Patients were assessed on cognition [ Alzheimer ’s Disease Assessment Scale – cognitive subscale ( ADAS[-]cog ) , Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) ] , global function [ Clinician ’s Interview- Based Impression of Change plus ( CIBIC[-]plus ) , Clinical Dementia Rating – Sum of the Boxes ( CDR[-]SB ) ] and function [ Alzheimer ’s Disease Functional Assessment and Change Scale ( ADFACS ) ; instrumental activities of daily living ( ADFACS[-]IADL ) ] . Results : Both donepezil groups showed significant improvements in cognition compared with placebo ( ADAS-cog , MMSE , p < 0.01 ) . Significant global function benefits were seen on the CIBIC-plus in the 5 mg/day group ( placebo vs. 5 mg/day , p < 0.001 ; vs. 10 mg/day , p = 0.006 ) and on the CDR-SB in the 10 mg/day group ( placebo vs. 5 mg/day , p = 0.09 ; vs. 10 mg/day , p < 0.01 ) . Significant functional benefits were also seen ( ADFACS , placebo vs. 5 mg/day , p = 0.08 ; vs. 10 mg/day , p = 0.02 ; ADFACS-IADL , p < 0.05 for both donepezil groups ) . Donepezil was well tolerated , with low withdrawal rates due to adverse events . Conclusions : This combined analysis of the largest trial on VaD to date showed that donepezil-treated patients had significant benefits in cognition , global function and ability to perform IADL . Based on these findings and reported tolerability , donepezil should be considered as an important therapeutic element in the overall management of patients with OBJECTIVE To find a good way to diagnose VD , value the effect of Yishen Yangnao capsule on VD and try to find some rules of changes in Chinese medicine syndromes . METHOD Patients were r and omly divided into treating group and western medicine comparison group . It 's the phase III clinical research of Rishen Yangnao capsule curing VD , judging the validity and security of it , using dukexi slice as comparison drug 
    Output:
    
The results showed that medicinal plants , particularly Sancaijiangtang and Ginkgo biloba could improve behavioral and psychological symptoms , working memory , Mini-Mental State Examination , and activities of daily living as well as neuropsychiatric features .