***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: HIV-positive adolescents and young adults often experience suboptimal medication adherence , yet few interventions to improve adherence in this group have shown evidence of efficacy . We conducted a r and omized trial of a two-way , personalized daily text messaging intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) among N = 105 poorly adherent HIV-positive adolescents and young adults , ages 16–29 . Adherence to ART was assessed via self-reported visual analogue scale ( VAS ; 0–100 % ) at 3 and 6-months for mean adherence level and proportion ≥90 % adherent . The average effect estimate over the 6-month intervention period was significant for ≥90 % adherence ( OR = 2.12 , 95 % CI 1.01–4.45 , p < .05 ) and maintained at 12-months ( 6 months post-intervention ) . Satisfaction scores for the intervention were very high . These results suggest both feasibility and initial efficacy of this approach . Given study limitations , additional testing of this intervention as part of a larger clinical trial with objective and /or clinical outcome measures of adherence is warranted AIMS To assess Sweet Talk , a text-messaging support system design ed to enhance self-efficacy , facilitate uptake of intensive insulin therapy and improve glycaemic control in paediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes . METHODS One hundred and twenty-six patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria ; Type 1 diabetes for > 1 year , on conventional insulin therapy , aged 8 - 18 years . Ninety-two patients were r and omized to conventional insulin therapy  ( n = 28 ) , conventional therapy and Sweet Talk ( n = 33 ) or  intensive insulin therapy and Sweet Talk ( n = 31 ) . Goal - setting at clinic visits was reinforced by daily text-messages from the Sweet Talk software system , containing personalized goal -specific prompts and messages tailored to patients ' age , sex and insulin regimen . RESULTS HbA(1c ) did not change in patients on conventional therapy without or with Sweet Talk ( 10.3 + /- 1.7 vs. 10.1 + /- 1.7 % ) , but improved in patients r and omized to intensive therapy and Sweet Talk ( 9.2 + /- 2.2 % , 95 % CI -1.9 , -0.5 , P < 0.001 ) . Sweet Talk was associated with improvement in diabetes self-efficacy  ( conventional therapy 56.0 + /- 13.7 , conventional therapy plus Sweet Talk 62.1 + /- 6.6 , 95 % CI + 2.6 , + 7.5 , P = 0.003 ) and self-reported adherence  ( conventional therapy 70.4 + /- 20.0 , conventional therapy plus Sweet Talk 77.2 + /- 16.1 , 95 % CI + 0.4 , + 17.4 , P = 0.042 ) . When surveyed , 82 % of patients felt that Sweet Talk had improved their diabetes self-management and 90 % wanted to continue receiving messages . CONCLUSIONS Sweet Talk was associated with improved self-efficacy and adherence ; engaging a classically difficult to reach group of young people . While Sweet Talk alone did not improve glycaemic control , it may have had a role in supporting the introduction of intensive insulin therapy . Scheduled , tailored text messaging offers an innovative means of supporting adolescents with diabetes and could be adapted for other health-care setting s and chronic diseases Background Worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions are important to help overweight and obese employees lose weight , but costs and insufficient sustained motivation prevent the majority of these programs from succeeding . Tailored text messaging in aiding weight management has been effective in several studies , but no studies have evaluated the effect of a tailored text message service on weight loss in a worksite health promotion program . Objective We studied the efficacy of a tailored text-messaging intervention for obese male participants in a worksite weight loss program of 6 months duration . Methods The study was an unblinded , r and omized controlled trial . Men with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 were recruited from the Korea District Heating Corporation , the Korea Expressway Corporation , and the Korea Gas Corporation . The participants were identified by nurse managers . Participants were r and omly allocated to 1 of the following 2 groups for 24 weeks : ( 1 ) intervention group , which received tailored text message reminders every other day plus 4 offline education sessions and brief counseling with monthly weight check by nurses for weight control over 6 months and ( 2 ) control group , which received the 4 offline education sessions and brief counseling with monthly weight check by nurses about weight control over 6 months . The primary outcome was the difference in weight loss at 6 months . A mixed-model repeated- measures analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the intervention group ’s weight loss compared with the control group . Results A total of 205 obese men were r and omized into either the intervention ( n=104 ) or the control group ( n=101 ) . At the end of 6 months , the intervention group ( n=63 ) had lost 1.71 kg ( 95 % CI –2.53 to –0.88 ) and the control group ( n=59 ) had lost 1.56 kg ( 95 % CI –2.45 to –0.66 ) ; the difference between the 2 groups was not significant ( mean difference –0.15 , 95 % CI –1.36 to 1.07 ) . At the end of the study , 60 % ( 34/57 ) of the intervention group rated the message program as helpful for weight control and 46 % ( 26/57 ) would recommend the text message service to their friends . Conclusions Tailored text message reminders did not have a significant effect on weight loss in obese men as part of a worksite weight loss program . Trial Registration International St and ard R and omized Controlled Trial Number ( IS RCT N ) : 39629189 ; http://www.is rct n.com/IS RCT N39629189?q=39629189&filters=&sort=&offset=1&total Results = 1&page=1&pageSize=10 & search Type = basic- search ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6VsFkwJH6 ) Background The World Health Organization now recommends parasitological confirmation for malaria case management . Rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs ) for malaria are an accurate and simple diagnostic to confirm parasite presence in blood . However , where they have been deployed , adherence to RDT results has been poor , especially when the test result is negative . Few studies have examined adherence to RDTs distributed or purchased through the private sector . Methods The Rapid Examination of Malaria and Evaluation of Diagnostic Information ( REMEDI ) study assessed the acceptability of and adherence to RDT results for patients seeking care from private sector drug retailers in two cities in Oyo State in south-west Nigeria . In total , 465 adult participants were enrolled upon exit from a participating drug shop having purchased anti-malaria drugs for themselves . Participants were given a free RDT and the appropriate treatment advice based on their RDT result . Short Message Service ( SMS ) text messages reiterating the treatment advice were sent to a r and omly selected half of the participants one day after being tested . Participants were contacted via phone four days after the RDT was conducted to assess adherence to the RDT information and treatment advice . Results Adherence to RDT results was 14.3 percentage points ( P-val < 0.001 ) higher in the treatment group who were sent the SMS . The higher adherence in the treatment group was robust to several specification tests and the estimated difference in adherence ranged from 9.7 to 16.1 percentage points . Further , the higher adherence to the treatment advice was specific to the treatment advice for anti-malarial drugs and not other drugs purchased to treat malaria symptoms in the RDT-negative participants who bought both anti-malarial and symptom drugs . There was no difference in adherence for the RDT-positive participants who were sent the SMS . Conclusions SMS text messages substantially increased adherence to RDT results for patients seeking care for malaria from privately owned drug retailers in Nigeria and may be a simple and cost-effective means for boosting adherence to RDT results if and when RDTs are introduced as a commercial retail product Background Missed clinic appointments cause delays in treatment of other patients , under utilization of clinical manpower or facilities and impact upon hospital finances . Aims The primary aim of this study is to evaluate whether a  text messaging reminder service reduces the Did Not Attend rate . The secondary aim is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a  mobile text message reminder service . Methods The study focused on the outpatient department of a district general hospital . In January 2011 a patient text messaging reminder service was implemented across the outpatient departments in the trust . Data were collected prospect ively 24 months prior and 24 months following the implementation of this service . A reminder was sent to patients one week prior to the scheduled appointment as a text message . All patients attending the orthopaedic department were included in the study . Patients who had an appointment and cancelled/rescheduled it prior to their original consultation date were excluded . Children were also excluded from the study . Results The overall Did Not Attend rate was reduced by 12 % following the intervention ( p < 0.0001 ) . The new appointment follow-up rate was reduced by 2 % ( p = 0.74 ) and the follow-up rate decreased by 13.7 % ( p < 0.0001 ) . The economic analysis revealed a saving of £ 19,853 over a two-year period following the intervention . Conclusion Thus mobile technology is a feasible tool in improving attendance rates at outpatient clinics and is economically viable Background In r and omized controlled trials , short message service ( SMS ) programs have improved adherence to  HIV antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) . In response , the World Health Organization recommended use of SMS programs to support ART . However , there is limited data on real-world implementations of SMS programs . Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of an SMS program to improve ART adherence in a government-run HIV clinic in rural South Africa . We analyzed data from all adult patients who 1 ) enrolled at the clinic before the observation period ( July 2013 through June 2014 ) , 2 ) had ≥1 ART prescriptions in the observation period , and 3 ) had data on phone number availability ( N = 2255 ) . Our main outcome measure was prescription coverage , defined as the presence of a valid ART prescription for each day observed . We fit generalized linear mixed models adjusted for pre-program prescription coverage , demographics , and ART duration , dosing , and regimen . Results Exposure to the SMS program was independently associated with greater prescription coverage ( AOR = 1.23 , 95 % CI 1.13–1.34 , P < 0.001 ) compared with non-exposure , although the absolute increase in prescription coverage was small ( 4.7 days of ART prescription coverage per average patient per year ) . Among a subset of patients ( n = 725 ) whose pre-program prescription coverage was < 100 % , the corresponding mean expected absolute increase in prescription coverage was 8.2 days per year . Conclusions Our primary finding was that an SMS reminder program implemented in routine clinical care was associated with a small increase in prescription coverage of uncertain clinical significance Background Applying mobile phones in healthcare is increasingly prioritized to strengthen healthcare systems . Antenatal care has the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and improve newborns ’ survival but this benefit may not be realized in sub-Saharan Africa where the attendance and quality of care is declining . We evaluated the association between a mobile phone intervention and antenatal care in a re source -limited setting . We aim ed to assess antenatal care in a comprehensive way taking into consideration utilisation of antenatal care as well as content and timing of interventions during pregnancy . Methods This study was an open label pragmatic cluster-r and omised controlled trial with primary healthcare facilities in Zanzibar as the unit of r and omisation . 2550 pregnant women ( 1311 interventions and 1239 controls ) who attended antenatal care at selected primary healthcare facilities were included at their first antenatal care visit and followed until 42 days after delivery . 24 primary health care facilities in six districts were r and omized to either mobile phone intervention or st and ard care . The intervention consisted of a mobile phone text-message and voucher component . Primary outcome measure was four or more antenatal care visits during pregnancy . Secondary outcome measures were tetanus vaccination , preventive treatment for malaria , gestational age at last antenatal care visit , and antepartum referral . Results The mobile phone intervention was associated with an increase in antenatal care attendance . In the intervention group 44 % of the women received four or more antenatal care visits versus 31 % in the control group ( OR , 2.39 ; 95 % CI , 1.03 - 5.55 ) . There was a trend towards improved timing and quality of antenatal care services across all secondary outcome measures although not statistically significant . Conclusions The  wired mothers ’ mobile phone intervention significantly increased the proportion of women receiving the recommended four antenatal care visits during pregnancy and there was a trend towards improved quality of care with more women receiving preventive health services , more women attending antenatal care late in pregnancy and more women with antepartum complications identified and referred . Mobile phone applications may contribute towards improved maternal and newborn health and should be considered by policy makers in re source -limited setting s . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov , NCT018212 
    Output:
    
The review found that nearly all the SMS-reminder studies helped improve patient medical compliance and appointment reminders .
Additionally , research ers reported numerous benefits from using SMS reminders , including ease of use , relative inexpensiveness , and rapid and automated message delivery .
Minimal risks were reported and most participants found the reminders to be acceptable .
Discussion Text messages appear to be an effective reminder mechanism to promote improved patient appointment and medical compliance .