***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Hermassi , S , Chelly , MS , Fathloun , M , and Shephard , RJ . The effect of heavy- vs. moderate-load training on the development of strength , power , and throwing ball velocity in male h and ball players . J Strength Cond Res 24(X ) : 000 - 000 , 2010-The aim was to compare the effect of 2 differing 10-week resistance training programs on the peak power ( PP ) output , muscle volume , strength , and throwing velocity of the upper limbs in h and ball players during the competitive season . The subjects were 26 men ( age 20.0 ± 0.6 years , body mass 85.0 ± 13.2 kg , height 1.86 ± 0.06 m , and body fat 13.7 ± 2.4 % ) . They were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : control ( C ; n = 8) , heavy resistance ( n = 9 ) , or moderate resistance ( MR ; n = 9 ) training , performed twice a week . A force-velocity test on an appropriately modified Monark cycle ergometer determined PP . Muscle volumes were estimated using a st and ard anthropometric kit . One-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) bench press ( 1RMBP ) and 1RM pull-over ( 1RMPO ) scores assessed arm strength . H and ball throwing velocity was measured with ( TR ) and without run-up ( TW ) . Both training programs enhanced absolute PP relative to controls ( p < 0.05 ) , although differences disappeared if PP was expressed per unit of muscle volume . Heavy resistance-enhanced 1RMBP and 1RMPO compared to both MR ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 , respectively ) and C ( p < 0.001 for both tests ) . Heavy resistance also increased TR and TW compared to C ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 , respectively ) . Moderate resistance increased only TR compared to C ( p < 0.01 ) . Thus , during the competitive season , the PP , 1RMBP , 1RMPO , and TW of male h and ball players were increased more by 10 weeks of bench press and pull-over training with suitably adapted heavy loads than with moderate loads . It would seem advantageous to add such resistance exercise before customary technical and tactical h and ball training sessions Abstract Raeder , C , Fern and ez-Fern and ez , J , and Ferrauti , A. Effects of six weeks of medicine ball training on throwing velocity , throwing precision , and isokinetic strength of shoulder rotators in female h and ball players . J Strength Cond Res 29(7 ) : 1904–1914 , 2015—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of medicine ball training ( MBT ) on throwing velocity , throwing precision , and isokinetic strength of shoulder rotators in competitive female h and ball players . Twenty-eight players ( mean ± SD ; age : 20.8 ± 3.3 years , height : 170.5 ± 5.6 cm , body mass : 65.2 ± 8.0 kg ) were r and omly assigned to an MBT group ( TG ; n = 15 ) and a control group ( CG ; n = 13 ) . TG performed a supervised MBT program , 3 times a week for a total of 6 weeks , focusing on h and ball-specific movement patterns . Both groups , TG and CG , also conducted a supervised shoulder injury prevention program with elastic tubes , as part of the warm-up , finishing with regular h and ball throws . Results showed a significant group × time interaction in throwing velocity ( p < 0.001 ) with the TG posttest results being significantly higher compared with CG ( d = 2.1 ) , and also a significant main time effect ( p < 0.001 ) , with an increase in throwing velocity of 14 % ( d = 3.0 ) and 3.7 % ( d = 0.3 ) for both TG and CG , respectively . Throwing precision did not significantly differ between groups and time points . Isokinetic strength measures revealed a significant group × time interaction ( p ⩽ 0.05 ) with the TG posttest results being significantly higher compared with CG ( d = 0.9 ) and also a significant main time effect ( p < 0.01 ) with an increase of 15 % ( d = 0.9 ) in concentric shoulder internal rotation at 180 ° ·s−1 in the dominant arm in TG , whereas no significant changes occurred in CG . The present results indicate that 6 weeks of MBT elicit significant improvements in functional performance ( i.e. , throwing velocity ) in female h and ball players , whereas throwing precision remained unaffected . Medicine ball training exercises seem to be a useful and inexpensive strength training strategy in enhancing functional performance by closely mimicking sport-specific movement activities PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of jump training as a complement to weight training on jump performance and muscle strategy during the squat and countermovement jump . METHOD Twenty-two male h and ball players , between the ages of 17 and 24 , and in good health , were r and omly divided into three groups . Two were trained groups , weight training ( WTG ) and jump training combined with weight training ( CTG ) , and one was a control group ( CG ) . Maximal isometric force and maximal concentric power were assessed by a  supine leg press , squat jump ( SJ ) , counter movement jump ( CMJ ) , and surface EMG  was used to determine changes in muscle adaptation before and after the training period . RESULTS After 6-wk training programs , the two training groups increased maximal isometric force , maximal concentric power , and squat jump performance . However , only combined training presented a significant increase in height jump performance during the countermovement jump ( P < 0.05 ) . EMG analysis ( as interpreted through the root mean square values ) showed that the SJ was performed similarly before and after the training period for the two training groups . However , during the CMJ , only the CTG group adopted a new technique manifested by a short transition phase together with an increase in knee joint stiffness and knee extensor muscle activation and rectus femoris ratio . CONCLUSION It was suggested that the central activities in knee joint during the transition phase , in conjunction with intrinsic muscle contractile properties , play a major role in the regulation of performance during a CMJ . Furthermore , our study suggests that a change in maximal strength and /or explosive strength does not necessarily cause changes in combined movement such as the stretch shortening cycle Objective Introduction of a neuromuscular training program will increase muscle strength , balance , and proprioception in elite female h and ball players . Design Prospect i ve intervention study . Participants Thirty-five female team h and ball players from 2 teams in the elite division participated . Their mean age was 23 ( ±2.5 ) years , and their mean weight was 69.2 ( ±7.3 ) kg . They had played h and ball for 14.9 ( ±3.2 ) years , 4.7 ( ±2.8 ) years at the top level . The total number of training hours per week was 10 to 11 . InterventionBased on earlier studies and knowledge about common risk situations in team h and ball , an anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury prevention program with 3 different sets of exercises was developed , each set with a 5-step progression from simple to more challenging exercises . The teams were instructed to use the program a minimum of 3 times a week during a training period of 5 to 7 weeks , and then once a week during the season . The duration of each training session was approximately 15 minutes . Main outcome measures Balance ( KAT 2000 ) , proprioception ( threshold to detection of passive motion ) , muscle strength ( Cybex 6000 ) , and 3 functional knee tests . The players were tested pretraining ( test 1 ) and 8 weeks ( test 2 ) and 12 months ( test 3 ) after the training started . Results There was a significant improvement in dynamic balance between test 1 and test 2 , with a balance index ( BI ) of 924 ( ±225 ) and 778 ( ±174 ) , respectively ( P = 0.01 ) . The effect on dynamic balance was maintained 1 year after training ( BI , 730 ± 156 ) . For static balance , no statistically significant changes were found . For the other variables measured , there were no statistical differences during the study period . Conclusion The ACL injury prevention training program improved dynamic balance in an elite team h and ball players Hermassi , S , Chelly , MS , Tabka , Z , Shephard , RJ , and Chamari , K. Effects of 8-week in-season upper and lower limb heavy resistance training on the peak power , throwing velocity , and sprint performance of elite male h and ball players . J Strength Cond Res 25(9 ) : 2424 - 2433 , 2011—The aims of this study were to test the potential of in-season heavy upper and lower limb strength training to enhance peak power output ( Wpeak ) , vertical jump , and h and ball related field performance in elite male h and ball players who were apparently already well trained , and to assess any adverse effects on  sprint velocity . Twenty-four competitors were divided r and omly between a heavy resistance ( HR ) group ( age 20 ± 0.7 years ) and a control group ( C ; age 20 ± 0.1 years ) . Resistance training sessions were performed twice a week for 8 weeks . Performance was assessed before and after conditioning . Peak power ( Wpeak ) was determined by cycle ergometer ; vertical squat jump ( SJ ) and countermovement jump ( CMJ ) ; video analyses assessed velocities during the first step ( V1S ) , the first 5 m ( V5 m ) , and between 25 and 30 m ( Vpeak ) of a 30-m sprint . Upper limb bench press and pull-over exercises and lower limb back half squats were performed to 1-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) . Upper limb , leg , and thigh muscle volumes and mean thigh cross-sectional area ( CSA ) were assessed by anthropometry . Wpeak ( W ) for both limbs ( p < 0.001 ) , vertical jump height ( p < 0.01 for both SJ and CMJ ) , 1RM ( p < 0.001 for both upper and lower limbs ) and sprint velocities ( p < 0.01 for V1S and V5 m ; p < 0.001 for Vpeak ) improved in the HR group . Upper body , leg , and thigh muscle volumes and thigh CSA also increased significantly after strength training . We conclude that in-season biweekly heavy back half-squat , pull-over , and bench-press exercises can be commended to elite male h and ball players as improving many measures of h and ball-related performance without adverse effects upon speed of movement Abstract To investigate the influence of adding a weekly eccentric-overload training ( EOT ) session in several athletic performance ’s tests , 18 team-h and ball players were assigned either to an EOT ( n = 11 ) or a Control ( n = 7 ) group . Both groups continued to perform the same habitual strength training , but the EOT group added one session/week during a 7-week training programme consisting of four sets of eight repetitions for the bilateral half-squat and unilateral lunge exercises . The test battery included h and ball throwing velocity , maximum dynamic strength ( 1RM ) , countermovement jump ( CMJ ) , 20 m sprint , triple hop for distance , and eccentric/concentric power in both the half-squat and lunge exercises . Data were analysed using magnitude-based inferences . Both groups improved their 1RM in the half squat , 20 m sprint time , and CMJ performance to a similar extent , but the EOT group showed a beneficial effect for both right [ ( 42/58/0 ) , possibly positive ] and left [ ( 99/1/0 ) , very likely positive ] triple hop for distance performance . In addition , the EOT group showed greater power output improvements in both eccentric and concentric phases of the half-squat ( difference in percent of change ranging from 6.5 % to 22.0 % ) and lunge exercises ( difference in per cent of change ranging from 13.1 % to 24.9 % ) . Nevertheless , no group showed changes in h and ball throwing velocity . Selected variables related to team-h and ball performance ( i.e. functional jumping performance , power output ) can be improved by adding a single EOT session per week , highlighting the usefulness of this low-volume/high-intensity training when aim ing at optimizing dynamic athletic performance Abstract Chelly , MS , Hermassi , S , Aouadi , R , and Shephard , RJ . Effects of 8-week in-season plyometric training on upper and lower limb performance of elite adolescent h and ball players . J Strength Cond Res 28(5 ) : 1401–1410 , 2014—We hypothesized that replacement of a part of the normal in-season regimen of top-level adolescent h and ball players by an 8-week biweekly course of lower and upper limb plyometric training would enhance characteristics important to competition , including peak power output ( Wpeak ) , jump performance , muscle volume , and ball throwing velocity .  Study participants ( 23 men , age : 17.4 ± 0.5 years , body mass : 79.9 ± 11.5 kg , height : 1.79 ± 6.19 m , body fat : 13.8 ± 2.1 % ) were r and omly assigned between controls ( C ; n = 11 ) and an experimental group ( E , n = 12 ) . Measures preintervention and postintervention included force-velocity ergometer tests for upper ( Wupper peak ) and lower limbs ( Wlower peak ) , force platform determinations of squat jump ( SJ ) and countermovement jump ( CMJ ) characteristics ( jump height , maximal force , initial velocity , and average power ) , video filming of sprint velocities ( first step [ V1S ] , first 5 m [ V5 m ] , and 2 
    Output:
    
At the multivariate meta-regression , the effect of publication year was significant , as well as the effects of country , gender , and level .
Conclusions : RT has a significant impact in h and ball players .