***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Objective : To compare tension-free vaginal tape with colposuspension as primary treatment for stress incontinence .  Design : Multicentred r and omised comparative trial . Setting : Gynaecology or urology departments in 14 centres in the United Kingdom and Eire , including university teaching hospitals and district general hospitals . Participants : 344 women with urodynamic stress incontinence ; 175 r and omised to tension-free vaginal tape and 169 to colposuspension  Main outcome measures : Assessment before treatment and at six months postoperatively with the SF-36 , the Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms question naire , the EQ-5D health question naire , a one week urinary diary , one hour perineal pad test , cystometry , and , in some centres , urethral profilometry . Results : 23 women in the colposuspension group and 5 in the vaginal tape group withdrew before surgery . No significant difference was found between the groups for cure rates : 115 ( 66 % ) women in the vaginal tape group and 97 ( 57 % ) in the colposuspension group were objective ly cured ( 95 % confidence interval for difference in cure −4.7 % to 21.3 % ) . Bladder injury was more common during the vaginal tape procedure ; postoperative complications , in particular delayed resumption of micturition , were more common after colposuspension . Operation time , duration of hospital stay , and return to normal activity were all longer after colposuspension than after the vaginal tape procedure . Conclusion : Surgery with tension-free vaginal tape is associated with more operative complications than colposuspension , but colposuspension is associated with more postoperative complications and longer recovery .  Vaginal tape shows promise for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence because of minimal access and rapid recovery times ; cure rates at six months were comparable with colposuspension . What is already known on this topic Few r and omised trials exist on surgery for stress incontinence Systematic review s suggest that colposuspension is associated with cure rates of up to 90 % Case series of tension-free vaginal tape suggest cure rates of about 85 % , with rapid return to normal activity What this study adds At six months the tension-free vaginal tape procedure is as effective as colposuspension for the primary treatment of stress incontinence Operative complications were more common with vaginal tape , but duration of hospital stay and return to normal activity were shorter than with colposuspension  Postoperative complications were more common after To comprehend the results of a r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) , readers must underst and its design , conduct , analysis , and interpretation . That goal can be achieved only through total transparency from authors . Despite several decades of educational efforts , the reporting of RCTs needs improvement . Investigators and editors developed the original CONSORT ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ) statement to help authors improve reporting by use of a checklist and flow diagram . The revised CONSORT statement presented here incorporates new evidence and addresses some criticisms of the original statement . The checklist items pertain to the content of the Title , Abstract , Introduction , Methods , Results , and Discussion . The revised checklist includes 22 items selected because empirical evidence indicates that not reporting this information is associated with biased estimates of treatment effect , or because the information is essential to judge the reliability or relevance of the findings . We intended the flow diagram to depict the passage of participants through an RCT . The revised flow diagram depicts information from four stages of a trial ( enrolment , intervention allocation , follow- up , and analysis ) . The diagram explicitly shows the number of participants , for each intervention group , included in the primary data analysis . Inclusion of these numbers allows the reader to judge whether the authors have done an intention- to-treat analysis . In sum , the CONSORT statement is intended to improve the reporting of an RCT , enabling readers to underst and a trial 's conduct and to assess the validity of its results OBJECTIVE To compare peri-operative complications , pain , and the immediate functional results of the sub-urethral sling procedure for urinary stress incontinence by the retropublic and transobturator routes , using a non-elastic polypropylene sub-urethral sling . PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospect i ve , multicentre study involved 88 women undergoing the sub-urethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . The retropubic route ( RPR ) and the transobturator route ( TOR ) were used in respectively 42 and 46 cases . The characteristics of the women in the RPR and TOR groups were as follows : mean age ( + /-st and ard deviation ) 56.8+/-12 years and 53.4+/-10 years , respectively ; mean BMI : 25+/-4 and 26+/-4 ; mean parity : 2.1+/-0.9 and 2+/-1 children ; post-menopausal status : 66.7 % and 58.7 % ; prior surgery for SUI : 7.1 % and 6.5 % ; and prior hysterectomy : 21.4 % and 26.1 % . None of these characteristics differed significantly between the groups . Likewise , pre-operative urinary functional status ( SUI stage , and pollakiuria , nocturia and urgency rates ) was similar in the two groups . RESULTS Mean hospital stay and overall morbidity rate were not significantly different between the RPR and TOR groups . Mean operating time was longer in the RPR group . Bladder injury was significantly more frequent in the RPR group and vaginal injury was significantly more frequent in the TOR group . Pain scores were significantly lower in the TOR group . The objective functional results at one month did not differ between the groups . Quality of life , evaluated with question naires and numerical rating scales , was similarly improved in the two groups . DISCUSSION The suburethral sling procedure was less painful by the TOR route than by the RPR route . Bladder injury , haematomas and abscesses were only observed in the RPR group , while vaginal injury only occurred in the TOR group . The immediate functional results of the two approaches were similar OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospect ively and r and omly compare tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) with transobturator suburethral tape ( T.O.T. ) for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) in women . STUDY DESIGN Sixty-one women with SUI were r and omly assigned to either TVT ( n=31 ) or T.O.T. ( n=30 ) . The preoperative evaluation included a quality -of-life question naire and a comprehensive urodynamic examination . The 1-year outcome included a detrusor pressure-uroflow study to compare bladder outlet obstruction . RESULTS Patient characteristics , preoperative quality of life , and urodynamic evaluation were similar in the 2 groups . Mean operative time was significantly shorter in the T.O.T. group ( 15 min+/-4 vs 27 min+/-8 , P<.001 ) . No bladder injury occurred in the T.O.T. group versus 9.7 % ( n=3 ) in the TVT group ( P>.05 ) . The rate of postoperative urinary retention was 25.8 % ( n=8 ) in the TVT group versus 13.3 % ( n=4 ) in the T.O.T. group ( P>.05 ) . The rates of cure ( 83.9 % vs 90 % ) , improvement ( 9.7 % vs 3.3 % ) , and failure ( 6.5 % vs 6.7 % ) were similar for the TVT and T.O.T. groups , respectively . The 1-year outcome data were collected in 29 women of the TVT group and 27 women of the T.O.T. group . No vaginal erosion occurred in either of the groups . In terms of bladder outlet obstruction , no differences were found after TVT and T.O.T. CONCLUSION T.O.T. appears to be equally efficient as TVT for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women , with no reduction of bladder outlet obstruction at 1-year follow-up OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare 2 anti-incontinence procedures in women who had severe genital prolapse and potential stress incontinence . STUDY DESIGN In addition to vaginal reconstructive surgery , 50 patients with stage II or higher anterior defect and a positive stress test result with prolapse reduction received either tension-free vaginal tape or plication of the endopelvic fascia . Preoperative evaluation included history , physical examination , stress test , and urodynamic assessment . Data were analyzed with the Student t test , the Fisher 's exact test , and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test . RESULTS The median follow-up time was similar for both groups , 26 and 24 months . Subjective ( 96 % vs 64 % ; P=.01 ) and objective ( 92 % vs 56 % ; P<.01 ) continence rates were higher after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure . Time for the resumption of spontaneous voiding , rates of urinary retention , or de novo urge incontinence were similar in the 2 groups . CONCLUSION Tension-free vaginal tape can be recommended for patients with prolapse and occult stress incontinence The aim of this study was to prospect ively compare the efficacy and safety of ‘ inside – out ’ ( TVT-O ) and ‘ outside – in ’ ( TOT ) transobturator tape procedures for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . One hundred women with SUI were alternately assigned to TVT-O ( n = 50 ) or TOT ( n = 50 ) . About 1 year after surgery , we compared surgical outcomes in the two groups . TVT-O and TOT showed similar rates of cure ( 86 vs 92 % ) . Approximately 1 year after surgery , Incontinence Quality of Life question naire parameters improved significantly in both groups ( p < 0.05 ) , but the two groups did not differ ( p > 0.05 ) . The rates of patient satisfaction with TVT-O and TOT ( 96 vs 98 % ) were similar . These preliminary results suggest that TVT-O and TOT are equally effective and safe procedures for women with SUI . However , this study was unable to identify a difference between the two procedures due to the underpowered nature of the study Background . Evaluation of cost‐effectiveness of new surgical techniques is important . As the data on incontinence procedures are scarce , we evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of tension‐free vaginal tape procedure and laparoscopic mesh colposuspension as a primary surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence . Methods . In four university teaching hospitals and two central hospitals 128 stress incontinent women were r and omized to tension‐free vaginal tape procedure ( n = 70 ) or laparoscopic mesh colposuspension ( n = 51 ) in order to investigate the clinical performance of these two procedures . Primary objective clinical outcome measures were : stress test and 48‐h pad test . Secondary subjective outcome measures were health‐related quality of life measured in terms of visual analogue scale and Urinary Incontinence Severity Score . Alongside the clinical trial , a cost‐effectiveness analysis for the main outcome measures was performed . Results . The changes in the 48‐h pad test result did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.105 ) . When the visual analogue scale or Urinary Incontinence Severity Score are used as the outcome measure , the tension‐free vaginal tape is more cost‐effective  than laparoscopic mesh colposuspension over a follow‐up period of one year ( p<0.000 ) . Conclusion . The clinical and economic data of the present study suggest that over a follow‐up period of one year the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure is more cost‐effective  than laparoscopic mesh colposuspension as a primary treatment for female stress urinary incontinence Background . The aim of this study was to compare  laparoscopic colposuspension with tension‐free vaginal tape ( TVT ) in terms of costs to the county Our objective was to compare monofilament and multifilament tapes positioned without tension at the midurethra for postoperative complications and cure rate .  One hundred patients with stress urinary incontinence were r and omly allocated into two study groups . Using identical surgical methodology , 50 patients had a monofilament tape inserted at the midurethra using the TVT delivery instrument , and another 50 a multifilament tape using the IVS delivery instrument . The only significant difference between the groups was in the incidence of postoperative urinary retention ( p=0.023 ) . Ten patients from the monofilament group required longer than normal ( ‘ normal ’ means to the morning of the next day ) catheterization , in contrast to only two from the multifilament group . The clinical efficacy of both procedures was equally high . Conclusions were that both tapes appear to be equally effective in the surgical treatment of SUI . The higher incidence of postoperative urinary retention in the monofilament group was most likely caused by the elastic feature of this tape OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the long-term success rates , complication rates and patient satisfaction rates for Pelvicol pubovaginal sling ( Bard ) versus TVT ( Gynecare ) in surgical treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence ( USI ) in women . DESIGN Prospect i ve r and omized cohort trial . SETTING District General Hospital , South West of Engl and . METHODS One hundred and forty-two women with urodynamic stress incontinence were r and omized to either surgical procedure ( Pelvicol = 74 , TVT = 68 ) with median follow-up of 36 month . A postal question naire was sent to all women and the response rate was excellent at approximately 90 % in both groups . 
    Output:
    
The current evidence base suggests that minimally invasive synthetic suburethral sling operations are as effective as traditional suburethral slings , open retropubic colposuspension and laparoscopic colposuspension in the short term but with less postoperative complications .
Women were less likely to be continent after operations performed via the obturator ( rather than retropubic ) route , but they had fewer complications .