***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Introduction and hypothesisWe evaluated patients ’ perception and satisfaction with nonsurgical pulsed magnetic stimulation ( PMS ) for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) in a r and omized , double-blind , sham-controlled trial . Methods Women with SUI ( n = 120 ) were r and omized to either active or sham PMS for 8 weeks ( twice/week ) . Patients answered seven questions on their perception and acceptability , each measured on a 5-point Likert scale . Treatment satisfaction was assessed using two parameters : ( i ) the single-item question “ Overall , please rate how satisfied you are with the treatment ” and ( ii ) Patient Global Impression of Improvement ( PGI-I ) . All adverse events were documented . Results A total of 115 patients completed treatments ( active : n = 57 , sham : n = 58 ) . There were no significant differences between groups in all parameters regarding perception and acceptability ( p > 0.05 ) . In terms of treatment satisfaction , a significantly higher proportion of patients in the active group ( n = 47/57 , 82.4 % ) were either mostly or completely satisfied compared with those in the sham group ( n = 27/58 , 46.6 % ) ( ( p = 0.001 ) . Similarly , a statistically significantly higher percentage of patients in the active group ( n = 39/57 , 68.4 % ) felt much or very much better compared with patients in the sham group ( n = 11/58 , 19.0 % ) as measured using the PGI-I ( p < 0.001 ) . Three ( 5.3 % ) patients in the active group and five ( 8.6 % ) in the sham group experienced adverse events ( p = 0.72 ) . Regardless of treatment arms , 109 ( 94.8 % ) patients would not consider surgical options even if they required further treatment for their condition . Conclusion PMS was well accepted , well tolerated , and result ed in a high treatment satisfaction among women with SUI Purpose : The cough stress test is a common and accepted tool to evaluate stress urinary incontinence but there is no agreement on how the test should be performed . We assessed the diagnostic ability of different cough stress tests performed when varying patient position and bladder volume using urodynamic stress urinary incontinence as the gold st and ard . The 24‐hour pad test was also evaluated . Material s and Methods : We recruited women who presented to specialty outpatient clinics with the complaint of urinary incontinence and who were recommended to undergo urodynamic testing . A total of 140 patients were r and omized to 4 cough stress test groups , including group 1—a comfortably full bladder , group 2—an empty bladder , group 3— a bladder infused with 200 cc saline and group 4—a bladder filled to half functional capacity . The sequence of st and ing and sitting was r and omly assigned . The groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA or the generalized Fisher exact test . The & kgr ; statistic was used to evaluate agreement between the sitting and st and ing positions . The 95 % CIs of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the Wilson method . ROC analysis was done to evaluate the performance of the 24‐hour pad test . Results : The cough stress test performed with a bladder filled to half functional capacity was the best performing test with 83 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity . There was no statistically significant evidence that the sensitivity or specificity of 1 cough stress test differed from that of the others . The pad test had no significant predictive ability to diagnose urodynamic stress urinary incontinence ( AUC 0.60 , p = 0.08 ) . Conclusions : Cough stress tests were accurate to diagnose urodynamic stress urinary incontinence . The 24‐hour pad test was not predictive of urodynamic stress urinary incontinence and not helpful when used in conjunction with the cough stress test Introduction and hypothesisWe evaluated the effects of pulsed magnetic stimulation ( PMS ) on overall and different aspects of quality of life ( QoL ) in female patients with stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . Methods This study involved 120 female SUI subjects aged ≥21 years old r and omized to either active or sham PMS .  Treatment involved two PMS sessions per week for 2 months ( 16 sessions ) . After 2 months , subjects could opt for 16 additional sessions regardless of initial r and omization . The primary response criterion was a 7-point reduction in the total score of the International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life ( ICIQ-LUTSqol ) question naire . Follow-ups were conducted at months 1 , 2 , 5 , 8 , and 14 . Results At 2 months , 35 out of 60 ( 58 % ) subjects in the active arm and 21 out of 60 ( 21 % ) in the sham arm were treatment responders ( ≥7-point reduction ) ( p = 0.006 ) . There was a significant difference in changes in the mean ± SE ICIQ-LUTSqol total score between the active and sham arms ( Mdiff = −8.74 ± 1.25 vs −4.10 ± 1.08 , p = 0.006 ) . At 1-year post-treatment , regardless of number of PMS sessions ( 16 or 32 sessions ) , subjects who received active PMS ( 63 out of 94 , 67 % ) were more likely to be treatment responders compared with subjects who did not receive any active PMS ( 3 out of 12 , 25 % ; p < 0.001 ) . The impact of PMS treatment was the greatest on the “ physical activities ” domain . Conclusions PMS result ed in significant short- and long-term improvements in overall and various physical , social , and psychological aspects of AIMS To evaluate the effect of functional continuous magnetic stimulation ( FCMS ) on urgency incontinence in r and omized , sham-controlled manner . METHODS Thirty-nine patients with urgency incontinence , 16 males and 23 females ( aged 66.0 + /- 16.5 years ) , who were refractory to pelvic floor muscle training ( PFMT )  , were r and omly assigned either to the treatment schedule performing 10-week active treatment , followed by 4-week non-treatment interval and then by 10-week sham treatment ( A-S , n = 20 ) or to that performing the sham treatment first followed by 10-week active treatment ( S-A , n = 19 ) . RESULTS At 10 weeks , the number of leaks/week , the total score of the International Consultation on Incontinence- Question naire : Short Form ( ICIQ-SF ) , and maximum cystometric capacity ( MCC ) were significantly improved as compared with the initial levels ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 , and P = 0.003 , respectively ) in the former group , but not in the latter group . Four ( 20.0 % ) patients were cured in the A-S group , while no patient was cured in the S-A group . At the end of the A-S schedule ( 24 weeks of study ) , the effect of the active treatment was still maintained at a significantly improved level , as compared with the initial level . At the end of the S-A schedule , the number of leaks/week was significantly improved as compared with the initial level and with its 10-week level ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.049 , respectively ) , as well as ICIQ-SF total score ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.006 , respectively ) . MCC significantly increased from its initial level ( P = 0.030 ) . CONCLUSION Magnetic stimulation was effective on urgency incontinence in comparison to sham stimulation in this small patient group Purpose : Despite significant differences in success rates between surgical and nonsurgical treatments for female stress urinary incontinence , a few cross‐sectional surveys showed that most patients still prefer the latter . We evaluated the efficacy of the under studied nonsurgical treatment using pulsed magnetic stimulation for female stress urinary incontinence . Material s and Methods : This r and omized , double‐blind , sham controlled study was performed in 120 female subjects at least 21 years old with stress urinary incontinence . Treatment involved pulsed magnetic stimulation for 2 sessions per week for 2 months ( 16 sessions ) . After 2 months , subjects could opt for 16 additional sessions regardless of initial r and omization . The primary response criterion was a 5‐point reduction in the ICIQ‐UI SF ( International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire for Urinary Incontinence‐Short Form ) score . Key secondary response criteria included objective and subjective cure , supplemented by other secondary criteria . Followups were performed at months 1 , 2 , 5 , 8 and 14 . Results : At 2 months 45 of 60 subjects ( 75 % ) in the active arm vs 13 of 60 ( 21.7 % ) in the sham arm were treatment responders ( p < 0.001 ) . After 2 months 24 subjects ( 40 % ) in the active arm and 41 ( 68 % ) in the sham arm elected additional active pulsed magnetic stimulation . At 14 months , subjects who received 32 sessions of active pulsed magnetic stimulation had the highest percentage of treatment responders ( 18 of 24 or 75.0 % ) , followed by those who received 16 sessions ( 26 of 36 or 72.2 % and 28 of 41 or 68.3 % ) and those who did not receive any active pulsed magnetic stimulation ( 4 of 19 or 21.1 % ) ( p < 0.001 ) . Conclusions : The encouraging long‐term response rates show that pulsed magnetic stimulation is an attractive nonsurgical alternative for patients who do not want to undergo surgery OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnetic stimulation for the treatment of urinary incontinence in women with overactive bladder . METHODS A total of 151 women with urgency incontinence were r and omized to the active stimulation group or the sham stimulation group in a 2:1 order . An armchair type magnetic stimulator was used for 25-min magnetic stimulation twice a week , with the maximum magnetic flux density of 560 mT peak at 10 Hz . The sham device was set to deliver in a 5-s " on"-5-s " off " pulsing manner with the maximum intensity of 20.4 % of active stimulation at 1 Hz . The study consisted of a baseline period for 1 week , and a treatment period for 6 weeks . The primary end-point was the number of leaks/week from the bladder diary . The secondary end-points were the number of voids and urgency/24 h , mean and maximum voided volume , and the quality of life assessment . RESULTS Changes from baseline in the active and sham group , respectively , were -13.08 ± 11.00 and -8.68 ± 13.49 in leaks/week ( P = 0.038 ) , -2.65 ± 2.52 and -1.53 ± 2.39 in number of urgency/24 h ( P = 0.011 ) , and 14.03 ± 34.53 mL and -4.15 ± 40.60 mL in mean voided volume ( P = 0.0056 ) . As for safety , except for diarrhea and constipation , no patients experienced any device-related adverse event . CONCLUSIONS Magnetic stimulation is effective for the treatment of urgency incontinence in female patients with overactive bladder Background There is currently a lack of r and omized , sham-controlled trials that are adequately powered , using vali date d outcomes , to allow for firm recommendations on the use of magnetic stimulation for stress urinary incontinence . We report a protocol of a multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , sham-controlled parallel-group trial to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic stimulation for stress urinary incontinence . Methods / Design One hundred twenty subjects with stress urinary incontinence will be r and omized in a 1:1 allocation to either active or sham magnetic stimulation using computer-generated , permuted blocks of variable sizes . Subjects will receive 2 sessions of magnetic stimulation per week for 8 weeks ( 16 sessions total ) . The primary outcome is the improvement in severity of involuntary urine loss based on the International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire for Urinary Incontinence Short Form at the end of treatment sessions compared with baseline . Secondary outcomes include cure , stress urinary incontinence – related symptoms ( incontinence episode frequency , urine loss in 1-hour pad test , pelvic floor muscle strength ) and health-related quality of life ( Patient Global Impression of Improvement , International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire – Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life and EQ-5D ) . The safety of magnetic stimulation will also be assessed . Besides evaluation of clinical treatment effectiveness , cost-effectiveness analysis using patient-reported outcomes will be performed . Discussion This trial is design ed to provide pending outcome information on this non-invasive treatment option . We intend to acknowledge the existing flaws in previous clinical trials and determine conclusively whether magnetic stimulation is effective for stress urinary incontinence . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier : NCT01924728 . Date of Registration : 14 August 2013 PURPOSE We design ed an investigational study and placebo controlled trial to evaluate the potential efficacy of magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots for the treatment of stress incontinence . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 75 patients with stress incontinence were studied . A 15 Hz . repetitive magnetic stimulation of the sac 
    Output:
    
Our meta- analysis preliminarily indicates that  MS treatment is an effective therapeutic modality for patients with UI .