***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background —This study evaluated the hypothesis that transendocardial injections of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells in patients with end-stage ischemic heart disease could safely promote neovascularization and improve perfusion and myocardial contractility . Methods and Results —Twenty-one patients were enrolled in this prospect i ve , nonr and omized , open-label study ( first 14 patients , treatment ; last 7 patients , control ) . Baseline evaluations included complete clinical and laboratory evaluations , exercise stress ( ramp treadmill ) , 2D Doppler echocardiogram , single-photon emission computed tomography perfusion scan , and 24-hour Holter monitoring . Bone marrow mononuclear cells were harvested , isolated , washed , and resuspended in saline for injection by NOGA catheter ( 15 injections of 0.2 cc ) . Electromechanical mapping was used to identify viable myocardium ( unipolar voltage ≥6.9 mV ) for treatment . Treated and control patients underwent 2-month noninvasive follow-up , and treated patients alone underwent a 4-month invasive follow-up according to st and ard protocol s and with the same procedures used as at baseline . Patient population demographics and exercise test variables did not differ significantly between the treatment and control groups ; only serum creatinine and brain natriuretic peptide levels varied in laboratory evaluations at follow-up , being relatively higher in control patients . At 2 months , there was a significant reduction in total reversible defect and improvement in global left ventricular function within the treatment group and between the treatment and control groups ( P = 0.02 ) on quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography analysis . At 4 months , there was improvement in ejection fraction from a baseline of 20 % to 29 % ( P = 0.003 ) and a reduction in end-systolic volume ( P = 0.03 ) in the treated patients . Electromechanical mapping revealed significant mechanical improvement of the injected segments ( P < 0.0005 ) at 4 months after treatment . Conclusions —Thus , the present study demonstrates the relative safety of intramyocardial injections of bone marrow – derived stem cells in humans with severe heart failure and the potential for improving myocardial blood flow with associated enhancement of regional and global left ventricular function AIMS Despite accumulated evidence that intracoronary bone marrow cell ( BMC ) therapy may be beneficial in acute myocardial infa rct ion , there are only limited data available on the effectiveness of BMC 's in chronic heart failure . The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate ventricular haemodynamics , geometry , and contractility as well as the long-term clinical outcome of  BMC treated patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) due to chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy . METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with chronic heart failure ( n = 391 LVEF < or=35 % ) due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy were enrolled in the present study . Of these , 191 patients ( mean NYHA class 3.22 ) underwent intracoronary BMC therapy . The control group ( mean NYHA class 3.06 ) consisted of 200 patients with comparable LVEF . Assessment s of haemodynamics at rest and exercise , quantitative ventriculography , spiroergometry , 24 h Holter ECG , late potentials , and heart rate variability were analysed . Over 3 months to 5 years after intracoronary BMC therapy there was a significant improvement in haemodynamics ( e.g. LVEF , cardiac index ) , exercise capacity , oxygen uptake , and LV contractility . Importantly , there was a significant decrease in long-term mortality in the BMC treated patients compared with the control group . CONCLUSION Intracoronary BMC therapy improves ventricular performance , quality of life and survival in patients with heart failure . These effects were present when BMC were administered in addition to st and ard therapeutic regimes . No side effects were observed OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow-derived and cardiogenically oriented mesenchymal stem cell therapy and to probe for signs of efficacy in patients with chronic heart failure . BACKGROUND In pre- clinical heart failure models , cardiopoietic stem cell therapy improves left ventricular function and blunts pathological remodeling . METHODS The C-CURE ( Cardiopoietic stem Cell therapy in heart failURE ) trial , a prospect i ve , multicenter , r and omized trial , was conducted in patients with heart failure of ischemic origin who received st and ard of care or st and ard of care plus lineage-specified stem cells .  In the cell therapy arm , bone marrow was harvested and isolated mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to a cardiogenic cocktail . Derived cardiopoietic stem cells , meeting release criteria under Good Manufacturing Practice , were delivered by endomyocardial injections guided by left ventricular electromechanical mapping . Data acquisition and analysis were performed in blinded fashion . The primary endpoint was feasibility/safety at 2-year follow-up . Secondary endpoints included cardiac structure/function and measures of global clinical performance 6 months post-therapy . RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cell cocktail-based priming was achieved for each patient with the dose attained in 75 % and delivery without complications in 100 % of cases . There was no evidence of increased cardiac or systemic toxicity induced by cardiopoietic cell therapy .  Left ventricular ejection fraction was improved by cell therapy ( from 27.5 ± 1.0 % to 34.5 ± 1.1 % ) versus st and ard of care alone ( from 27.8 ± 2.0 % to 28.0 ± 1.8 % , p < 0.0001 ) and was associated with a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume ( -24.8 ± 3.0 ml vs. -8.8 ± 3.9 ml , p < 0.001 ) . Cell therapy also improved the 6-min walk distance ( + 62 ± 18 m vs. -15 ± 20 m , p < 0.01 ) and provided a superior composite clinical score encompassing cardiac parameters in t and em with New York Heart Association functional class , quality of life , physical performance , hospitalization , and event-free survival . CONCLUSIONS The C-CURE trial implements the paradigm of lineage guidance in cell therapy . Cardiopoietic stem cell therapy was found feasible and safe with signs of benefit in chronic heart failure , meriting definitive clinical evaluation . ( C-Cure Clinical Trial ; NCT00810238 ) BACKGROUND Autologous adult stem cell transplantation has been touted as the latest tool in regenerative medical therapy . Its potential for use in cardiovascular disease has only recently been recognized . A r and omized study was conducted with a novel epicardial technique to deploy stem cells as an adjuvant to conventional revascularization therapy in patients with congestive heart failure . METHODS After institutional review board and government approval , adult autologous stem cell transplantation ( CD34 + ) was performed in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction of less than 35 % who were scheduled for primary off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting . Preoperatively , the patients underwent echocardiography , stress thallium imaging single photon emission computed tomography , and cardiac catheterization to identify ischemic regions of the heart and to guide in the selection of stem cell injection sites . The patients were prospect ively r and omized before the operative therapy was performed . Patient follow-up was 1 , 3 , and 6 months with echocardiography , single photon emission computed tomography , and angiography . RESULTS There were 20 patients enrolled in the study . Ten patients had successful subepicardial transplantation of autologous stem cells into ischemic myocardium . The other 10 patients , the control group , only had off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting . There were 8 male and 2 female subjects in each group . The median number of grafts performed was 1 in both groups . On angiographic follow-up , all grafts were patent at 6 months . The ejection fractions of the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting group versus the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting plus stem cell transplantation group were as follows : preoperative , 30.7 % + /- 2.5 % versus 29.4 % + /- 3.6 % ; 1 month , 36.4 % + /- 2.6 % versus 42.1 % + /- 3.5 % ; 3 months , 36.5 % + /- 3.0 % versus 45.5 % + /- 2.2 % ; and 6 months , 37.2 % + /- 3.4 % versus 46.1 % + /- 1.9 % ( P < .001 ) . There were no perioperative arrhythmias or neurologic or ischemic myocardial events in either group . CONCLUSIONS Autologous stem cell transplantation led to significant improvement in cardiac function in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for ischemic cardiomyopathy . Further investigation is required to quantify the optimal timing and specific cellular effects of the therapy OBJECTIVES The graft of stem cells to treat ischemic cardiomyopathy is popular in many clinical trials . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of isolated coronary artery bypass graft combined with bone marrow mononuclear cells ( BMMNC ) delivered through graft vessels to improve left ventricular function of patients with previous myocardial infa rct ion and chronic heart failure using echocardiography . METHODS Forty-two patients with previous myocardial infa rct ion and chronic heart failure were r and omly allocated to one of the two groups :  CABG only  ( 18 in CABG group ) , or CABG with BMMNC transplantation ( 24 in CABG + BMMNC group ) . Echocardiographic parameters of systolic function were measured on B-mode imaging , tissue Doppler imaging ( TDI ) , two-dimensional ( 2D ) strain imaging , and 8 parameters were measured totally . Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function were measured on pulsed-wave Doppler imaging , TDI , and 2D strain rate imaging ; 17 parameters were measured totally . RESULTS Postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) versus preoperative LVEF were 49.083 ± 1.914 % versus 36.042 ± 1.185 % ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG + BMMMNC group and 41.389 ± 2.210 % versus 34.667 ± 1.369 % ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG group , global longitudinal strain were -12.542 ± 0.512 % versus -7.083 ± 0.583 % ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG + BMMMNC group and -9.278 ± 0.591 % versus -7.000 ± 0.673 % ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG group , mLsr1 were -0.108 ± 0.018/sec versus -0.039 ± 0.017/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG+BMMMNC group and -0.048 ± 0.021/sec versus 0.004 ± 0.020/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG group , mLsr2 were -0.055 ± 0.013/sec versus -0.009 ± 0.015/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG + BMMMNC group and 0.004 ± 0.015/sec versus 0.024 ± 0.017/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG group , and Aa1 were 7.303 ± 0.479 cm/sec versus 5.131 ± 0.381 cm/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG + BMMMNC group and 7.908 ± 0.553 cm/sec versus 6.764 ± 0.440 cm/sec ( P < 0.05 ) in CABG group . Parameters above were significantly improved postoperatively in both groups . The degree of the improvement was significantly different between the two groups with the CABG + BMMNC group improved more versus the group of CABG only ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The improvement of left ventricular function  in CABG + BMMNC group is better than CABG group . 2D strain and strain rate imaging is a more sensitive tool to evaluate left ventricular function OBJECTIVES This study aim ed at examining the efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear cell ( BMMNC ) delivery through graft vessel for patients with a previous myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) and chronic heart failure during coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) .  BACKGROUND Little evidence exists supporting the practice of BMMNC delivery through graft vessel for patients with a previous MI and chronic heart failure during CABG . METHODS From November 2006 to June 2009 , a r and omized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted to test the efficacy and safety of CABG for multivessel coron 
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This meta- analysis suggests that SCT may contribute to the improvement of LVEF , as well as the reduction of the NYHA class , CCS grade , and LVESV .
In addition , SCT does not affect mortality