***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM To compare the immediate restoration of single implants in the esthetic zones performed on implants placed immediately after tooth extraction or 8 weeks later ( immediate replacement vs. immediate restoration ) . METHODS Sixteen patients ( 10 women and 6 men ) with a mean age of 35 years ( ranging from 21 to 49 years old ) were treated from 2004 to 2005 for single-tooth replacement in the upper arch . The patients were r and omly divided into two groups : in the test group patients received implants placed and restored ( non-occlusal loading ) at the time of tooth extraction ; in the control group implants were placed 8 weeks after tooth extraction and immediately restored .  All the patients received tapered effect ( TE ) implants from the Straumann Dental Implant System . The following parameters were evaluated at the moment of provisional restoration ( within 48 h after implant placement ) and at the 2 years follow-up visit : marginal bone resorption , papilla index , position of the mucosal margin . The implant stability quotient was measured at the moment of implant placement and at the moment of the delivery of the definitive restoration . RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in any of the studied parameters between the test and the control groups ( P>0.05 ) . The implant stability quotient values between the test and control groups were significant ( P<0.05 ) at the moment of implant placement but were no more significant at the loading of the definitive restoration ( P>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that immediate replacement without functional loading may be considered a valuable therapeutic option for selected cases of single-tooth replacement in the esthetic area when TE implants are used . Implant stability at the moment of implant placement is slightly inferior in the immediate replacement group , but it does not affect the treatment result PURPOSE Two different stereolithographic surgical guide systems , NobelGuide ( Nobel Biocare ) and SimPlant ( Material ise ) , were compared clinical ly , and the survival rates of the planned immediately loaded dental implants with prefabricated provisional restorations were evaluated . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Patients were treated with implants using either the Material ise SimPlant system or the Nobel Biocare system .  All implants were planned on cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) or CT-derived images . Mucosa- , bone- , or tooth-supported stereolithographic guides were produced using the two commercial systems . A provisional was placed immediately after implant insertion in all cases . RESULTS Fourteen patients were enrolled . Seventy-five implants were placed ( 34 with Material ise , 41 with Nobel Biocare ) using stereolithographic surgical guides . All but one implant were loaded immediately with prefabricated provisionals . In all cases , implants were in place for a minimum of 12 months . No complications related to associated anatomy occurred . One implant failed , leading to a combined cumulative survival rate of 98.7 % . There were no other intraoperative or postoperative complications . Implants placed by bone-supported guides had increased patient symptoms of postoperative swelling and discomfort . All provisionals were successful . CONCLUSIONS Both types of stereolithographic surgical templates were sufficiently accurate in transferring the planned implant positions to the surgical field , allowing the placement of prefabricated provisionals . These technologies are most beneficial in patients in whom the simultaneous placement of multiple implants in combination with complex restorations is planned PURPOSE This 1-year prospect i ve study evaluated the implant success rate , peri-implant tissue response , and esthetic outcome of immediately placed and provisionalized maxillary anterior single implants .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty-five patients ( 8 men , 27 women ) with a mean age of 36.5 years ( range 18 to 65 ) were included in this study .  Thirty-five threaded , hydroxyapatite-coated implants were placed and provisionalized immediately after each failing tooth had been removed . The definitive restoration was placed 6 months later . The patients were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at implant placement and at 3 , 6 , and 12 months after implant placement . RESULTS At 12 months , all implants remained osseointegrated . The mean marginal bone change from the time of implant placement to 12 months was -0.26 + /- 0.40 mm mesially and -0.22 + /- 0.28 mm distally . No significant differences in the Plaque Index scores were noted at different time intervals . The mean midfacial gingival level and mesial and distal papilla level changes from pretreatment to 12 months were -0.55 + /- 0.53 mm , -0.53 + /- 0.39 mm , and -0.39 + /- 0.40 mm , respectively . All patients were very satisfied with the esthetic outcome and none had noticed any changes at the gingival level . DISCUSSION Although marginal bone and gingival level changes were statistically significant from pretreatment to 12 months of follow-up , they were well within clinical expectations . CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that favorable implant success rates , peri-implant tissue responses , and esthetic outcomes can be achieved with immediately placed and provisionalized maxillary anterior single implants INTRODUCTION Tooth loss reduces oral-health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) as assessed with the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile question naire ( OHIP-14 ) . OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve multicenter case-control study sought to ( i ) establish OHRQoL in patients requiring a single implant in the anterior maxilla and to ( ii ) compare these changes following implant placement and immediate provisionalization in extraction sockets with healed alveolar ridges up to 1 year . MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six patients were enrolled in the study with 102 single implants ( OsseoSpeed AstraTech ) provisionalized immediately after placement in sockets or after placement in healed ridges . A final crown was cemented after 12 weeks . OHIP-14 was registered before surgery ( baseline ) , after 1 ( provisional crown ) , 6 and 12 months ( final crown ) . Repeated measures ANOVA was performed for the seven conceptual OHIP Domains , the treatment group ( extraction site socket vs. healed alveolar ridge ) and time as within subjects variables . RESULTS Two implants failed , 1/48 ( 2.1 % ) in the extraction group ( n=46 patients ) and 1/54 ( 1.8 % ) in the healed ridge group ( n=50 patients ) . From 82 patients ( 87.5 % ) , OHIP-14 was available at all time points . The overall OHIP-14 based on the mean of the seven domains increases between baseline and 6 months and remained stable afterward for the total study group and both treatment groups . Comparison between extraction and healed groups revealed no significant difference at baseline but the healed group showed a significantly higher improvement for functional limitation , physical disability , physical pain and psychological discomfort ( P<0.05 ) . Between baseline and 1 year in the healed bone group , all seven domains improved significantly compared with only three domains in the extraction group . However , the overall OHIP-14 score between groups was not substantially different . Hence , both treatment modalities lead to similar OHRQoL improvement . CONCLUSION Patients in need of a single-tooth replacement have limited OHRQoL problems as reflected by the OHIP-14 score but improvements in several domains related to oral health were evaluated when implants were placed and provisionalized in healed bone and extraction sites BACKGROUND The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the radiographic bone remodeling , survival rate , and soft tissue health surrounding a variable-thread tapered implant immediately placed in extraction sites . METHODS Sixty implants were placed in 55 patients at six centers according to a predetermined protocol . All implants were placed in extraction sockets and were subjected to immediate temporization and function . Definitive prostheses ( 58 single crowns and one two-unit fixed bridge ) were placed within the first year . Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at implant placement and after 3 , 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months . Measurements of implant stability , papilla index , plaque , peri-implant mucosa , and marginal bone levels were recorded at each visit . RESULTS Thirty-five implants were evaluated at both implant insertion and 3-year follow-up . Bone levels were observed at 6 months after surgery and yearly intervals thereafter and remained stable throughout the study . There was a slight decrease in mean bone level from -0.68 mm at implant insertion to -0.93 mm at the 6-month recall and then an increase of bone to -0.53 mm from the reference point at the 2-year follow-up ( an average increase of 0.15 mm from implant insertion ) . Bone levels remained steady between the 2-year recall and the 3-year recall . Papilla scores increased significantly ( P < 0.001 ; Wilcoxon signed-rank test ) from insertion to the 3-year follow-up , with most of the increase occurring during the first year . Patient assessment s of function , esthetics , feel of implant , speech , and self-esteem also showed significant improvement over the course of the study . CONCLUSIONS The results , over 36 months , indicate that the variable-thread tapered implant can be used safely and effectively under dem and ing conditions as an immediate post extraction tooth replacement . Bone remodeling remained stable with a slight increase , and patients expressed high levels of satisfaction with the restorative results over the course of the study PURPOSE A key challenge in implant treatment in the esthetic zone is to provide patients with crowns and peri-implant mucosa that are in harmony with the adjacent teeth to restore both function and esthetics . The aim of the present study was to show the preliminary results of an immediate loading protocol in the maxillary esthetic zone that is design ed to preserve the soft tissue . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Patients were treated with immediately loaded single-tooth implants ( Seven , MIS ) . Implants were inserted in fresh post extraction sites or in single edentulous sites with clinical ly and radiologically healed bone . After 8 weeks of loading , the provisional crowns and abutments were modified as needed to enhance the esthetics of the gingival margins . Definitive restorations were delivered 4 to 6 months postoperatively . RESULTS Seventy patients were treated ; 25  implants were placed in fresh extraction sites , and the remaining 45  implants were inserted in healed single edentulous sites . All implants were stable , and radiographs showed complete osseointegration after 1 year of functional loading . CONCLUSIONS The present study shows promising results for immediate loading of single implants . All implant sites fulfilled success criteria in terms of function and esthetics , and particularly promising results were seen following additional adjustments of the provisional restorations to preserve interdental papillae OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical outcomes of st and ard , cylindrical , screw-shaped to novel tapered , transmucosal ( Straumann Dental implants immediately placed into extraction sockets . MATERIAL AND METHODS In this r and omized-controlled clinical trial , outcomes were evaluated over a 3-year observation period . This report deals with the need for bone augmentation , healing events , implant stability and patient-centred outcomes up to 3 months only . Nine centres contributed a total of 208 immediate implant placements . All surgical and post-surgical procedures and the evaluation parameters were discussed with representatives of all centres during a calibration meeting . Following careful luxation of the design ated tooth , allocation of the devices was r and omly performed by a central study registrar . The allocated SLA titanium implant was installed at the bottom or in the palatal wall of the extraction socket until primary stability was reached . If the extraction socket was > or=1 mm larger than the implant , guided bone regeneration was performed simultaneously ( Bio Oss and BioGide . The flaps were then sutured . During non-submerged transmucosal healing , everything was done to prevent infection . At surgery , the need for augmentation and the degree of wound closure was verified . Implant stability was assessed clinical ly and by means of resonance frequency analysis ( RFA ) at surgery and after 3 months . Wound healing was evaluated after 1 , 2 , 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively . RESULTS The demographic data did not show any differences between the patients receiving either st and ard cylindrical or tapered implants . All implants yielded uneventful healing with 15 % wound dehiscences after 1 week . After 2 weeks , 93 % , after 6 weeks 96 % , and after 12 weeks 100 % of the flaps were closed . Ninety percent of both implant design s required bone augmentation . Immediately after implantation , RFA values were 55.8 and 56.7 and at 3 months 59.4 and 61.1 for cylindrical and tapered implants , respectively . Patient-centred outcomes did not differ between the two implant design s. However , a clear preference of the surgeon 's perception for the appropriateness of the novel-tapered implant was evident . CONCLUSIONS This RCT has demonstrated that tapered or st and ard cylindrical implants yielded clinical ly equivalent short-term outcomes after immediate implant placement into the extraction socket OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-lasting efficacy of a combined surgical protocol , using immediate implant and subepithelial connective tissue graft for single-tooth replacement . The advantages of this single-center , longitudinal , r and omized , blind examiner research were the following : preservation of both keratinized mucosa amount and bone tissue , optimal peri-implant marginal sealing , satisfactory aesthetic 
    Output:
    
Overall , irrespective of the PROMs chosen , patients ' satisfaction was overall high with little difference between the two loading protocol s. Moreover , studies indicated a positive impact on oral health-related quality of life following immediate implant placement and loading .
Within the limitations of the present systematic review , immediate implant placement and loading in single tooth edentulous space seems to be a well-accepted treatment modality from the patients ' perspective and is worthy of consideration in clinical practice .
However , the paucity of comparative data limits any definitive conclusions as to which loading protocol ; immediate or early/conventional , should be given preference based on PROMs