***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To observe effect of compound Kushen injection on T-cell subgroups and NK cells in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy .  METHODS We r and omly divided 60 patients with locally advanced NSCLC who were treated at our hospital between May 2011 and May 2013 into a treatment group and a control group by drawing . The treatment group ( n = 30 ) received concomitant radiochemotherapy plus compound Keshen injection , and the control group ( n = 30 ) received only radiochemotherapy . RESULTS After treatment , levels of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD4+/CD8 + and CD16+/CD56 + cells had significantly increased , and CD8 + cells had significantly decreased , in the treatment group compared with both their pretreatment levels and with levels in the control group . In the control group , post-treatment levels of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD4 + /CD8 + and CD16+/CD56 + cells were not significantly changed from pretreatment levels . The two groups did not significantly differ in their rates of toxicity reactions ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Compound Kushen injections can increase immunologic function in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who receive concomitant radiochemotherapy The aim of this study was to compare the immune function of patients with cervical cancer and the cancer recurrence rate in patients treated with biological immune therapy combined with chemotherapy or with chemotherapy only .  A total of 79 postoperative patients with cervical cancer participated in the present study . They were r and omly divided into a control group and an experimental group . Patients in the control group were treated with cisplatin chemotherapy . Patients in the experimental group were treated with dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer ( DC-CIK ) cells combined with cisplatin chemotherapy . The CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD16 + , CD56 + and CD4+CD25 + cell ratios in peripheral blood , and the expression levels of perforin , granzyme B ( GraB ) and CD107a of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) in all patients prior to and following treatment were observed . The changes of immune function and recurrence rate between these two groups prior to and following treatment were compared . Prior to treatment , the lymphocyte ratio had no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) . Following treatment , the lymphocyte ratio in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ) . The positive expression levels of perforin , GraB and CD107a of P BMC s in the experimental group following treatment were significantly higher than those prior to treatment and those of the control group ( P<0.05 ) . The cumulative recurrence rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ) . In conclusion , in postoperative patients with cervical cancer , treatment with DC-CIK cells combined with cisplatin chemotherapy significantly improved the immune function , reduced the recurrence rate and prolonged the survival time of the patients Background and Objectives : CIK cells are a novel population of efficient immune effector cells with high antitumour activity mainly due to the high proliferation of CD3+CD56 + cells , so may play a role in the development of new forms of adoptive cellular immunotherapy . We started a pilot clinical trial with autologous CIK cells in patients with refractory lymphoma and metastatic solid tumours . This study was aim ed at determining the feasibility of generating a sufficient number of CIK cells in heavily pretreated patients and at assessing treatment toxicity . Design and Methods : CIK cells were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( MNC ) and incubated in the presence of IFN‐γ followed by OKT3 and IL‐2 . Treatment schedule consisted of three cycles of CIK cells infusions at an interval of 3 weeks . Results : At present 12 patients were enrolled : 6 advanced lymphomas , 5 metastatic kidney carcinoma and 1 hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) .  The median number of transferred cells per patient was 28 × 109 ( range , 6–61 ) . Protocol adherence was excellent and the toxicity profile was favourable . After CIK cells infusion , the absolute median count of lymphocytes , CD3 + , CD8 + and CD3+CD56 + cells significantly increased in patient 's peripheral blood . Clinical outcome appeared promising : three patients had complete response ( CR ) and two patients had stabilization of disease with a median follow‐up of 33 months ( range , 9–44 ) . Interpretations and Conclusions : These preliminary data showed that adoptive immunotherapy with CIK cells  is a safe therapy with some suggestion of efficacy that significantly enhances immune functions increasing absolute numbers of effector cells without side effects . If confirmed in larger scale studies , these promising results may have a favourable impact on conventional treatment strategy of malignancies . Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons , OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cell t combined with XELOX regimen in treatment of senile advanced gastric cancer . METHODS Forty-six cases of senile advanced gastric cancer patients with a mean age of 70 years were prospect ively divided into two groups according to individual acceptance of CIK cells : 25 patients receiving autologous CIK cell treatment combined with XELOX regimen  ( trial group ) and 21 patients receiving simple chemotherapy ( control group ) . Patients in CIK group were matched to those in control group by sex , ages , KPS ranking scores , histological type , pathological grade , and clinical stage . Immune reaction , adverse reaction , time to progression ( TTP ) and overall survival ( OS ) were evaluated . RESULTS Host immune function was increased ( P<0.05 ) and the adverse reaction was decreased in patients of trial group as compared to control group . There were no significant differences in response rate (RR)(33.3 % vs. 23.1 % , P>0.05 ) , disease control rate (DCR)(86.7 % vs. 80.8 % , P>0.05 ) between the two groups . TTP ( 4.8 months vs. 3.1 months , P<0.05 ) and OS ( 7.1 months vs. 5.9 months , P<0.05 ) in trial group were significantly improved as compared to control group . CONCLUSION Autologous CIK cells combined with XELOX regimen can increase immune function , improve clinical efficacy , decrease adverse reaction and prolong OS for senile patients with advanced gastric cancers Purpose To determine the long-term efficacy of adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cells for locally advanced gastric cancer patients .Experimental design One hundred and fifty-one patients with stage III/IV gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy were enrolled , assigned to two groups ( immunotherapy group versus no immunotherapy group/or control group ) , and followed . Results The 5-year overall survival ( OS ) and 5-year disease-free survival ( DFS ) rates for immunotherapy versus control group were 32.4 versus 23.4 % ( P = 0.071 ) and 28.3 versus 10.4 % ( P = 0.044 ) , respectively . For patients with intestinal-type tumors , the 5-year OS and DFS rates were significantly higher for immunotherapy ( OS , 46.8 vs. 31.4 % and P = 0.045 ; DFS , 42.4 vs. 15.7 % and P = 0.023 ) . In the immunotherapy group , the mean CD3 + level , CD4 + level , and CD4+/CD8 + ratio increased from 50.8 , 26.5 , and 0.9 % , respectively , at baseline to 62.6 , 35.0 , and 1.4 % , respectively , 1 week after the first CIK-cell treatment , returned to baseline after 2 months , and maintained a higher level ( 60.7 ± 8.2 % , 34.2 ± 7.1 % , and 1.3 ± 0.3 % , respectively ) 2 months after 3 cycles of immunotherapy . Conclusions Adjuvant immunotherapy with CIK cells  prolongs DFS in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer and significantly improves OS in patients with intestinal-type tumors . Intestinal-type tumors could be selected as an important indication for CIK-cell therapy . This treatment may help improve T-lymphocyte subset distribution and improve the host ’s immune functions , but multiple cycles are necessary for long-term therapeutic efficacy PURPOSE Adoptive cell therapy ( ACT ) with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs ) and high-dose interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) administered to lymphodepleted patients with melanoma can cause durable tumor regressions . The optimal TIL product for ACT is unknown . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic melanoma were prospect ively assigned to receive unselected young TILs versus CD8(+)-enriched TILs . All patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy and high-dose IL-2 therapy and were assessed for response , toxicity , survival , and immunologic end points . RESULTS Thirty-four patients received unselected young TILs with a median of 8.0 % CD4(+ ) lymphocytes , and 35 patients received CD8(+)-enriched TILs with a median of 0.3 % CD4(+ ) lymphocytes . One month after TIL infusion , patients who received CD8(+)-enriched TILs had significantly fewer CD4(+ ) peripheral blood lymphocytes ( P = .01 ) . Twelve patients responded to therapy with unselected young TILs ( according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [ RECIST ] ) , and seven patients responded to CD8(+)-enriched TILs ( 35 % v 20 % ; not significant ) . Retrospective studies showed a significant association between response to treatment and interferon gamma secretion by the infused TILs in response to autologous tumor ( P = .04 ) , and in the subgroup of patients who received TILs from subcutaneous tumors , eight of 15 patients receiving unselected young TILs responded but none of eight patients receiving CD8(+)-enriched TILs responded . CONCLUSION A r and omized selection design trial was feasible for improving individualized TIL therapy . Since the evidence indicates that CD8(+)-enriched TILs are not more potent therapeutically and they are more laborious to prepare , future studies should focus on unselected young TILs Dendritic cells ( DC ) play a crucial role in the induction of an effective antitumor immune response . Cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cells , a subset of T lymphocytes , have the capacity to eliminate cancer cells . This study was to evaluate the correlation between the frequency of DC/CIK immunotherapies following regular chemotherapy , the time-to-progression ( TTP ) , and overall survival ( OS ) of advanced non-small lung cancer patients . Sixty patients with IIIB – IV non-small-cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) were enrolled from August 2007 to December 2009 and were r and omized into two groups . All 60 patients received four courses of navelbine – platinum ( NP ) chemotherapy . In one group , 30 patients were treated with adoptive autologous DC/CIK cell transfusion twice every 30 days . In the other group , the patients received immunotherapies more than twice every 30 days . The adverse effects , TTP , and OS were evaluated between the two groups . Median survival time of all 60 patients was 13.80 months . The 1- , 2- , and 3-year overall survival rates were 60.0 , 21.7 , and 15.0 % , respectively . The 1- , 2- , and 3-year overall survival rates of patients receiving more than two immunotherapies were 63.3 , 30.0 , and 23.3 % , and the rates of those receiving two immunotherapies were 56.7 , 13.3 , and 6.7 % , respectively . The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.037 ) . Compared with patients in the fewer immunotherapies group , TTP in the group receiving more immunotherapies significantly prolonged , with the median improving from 6.2 months ( 95 % CI , 5.35–9.24 ) to 7.3 months ( 95 % CI , 5.45–6.95 ; P = 0.034 ) . The adverse effects of chemoimmunotherapy were tolerable . Advanced NSCLC patients can benefit from the combination of DC/CIK immunotherapies following conventional chemotherapy . More than two immunotherapies improved TTP and OS of those patients in this study To compare the efficacy of dendritic and cytokine-induced killer cells ( DC-CIK ) therapy combined with concurrent radiochemotherapy on stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer . Sixty-three patients with stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer were r and omly divided into the study and control groups . The study group , comprising 30 patients , was treated with DC-CIK combined with docetaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy and synchronization conformal radiotherapy . The control group including 33 patients was only treated with docetaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy and synchronization conformal radiotherapy . The efficacy , Karnofsky performance score ( KPS ) , tumor markers , 6-month and 12-month survival rate , T cell subsets , and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared . 
    Output:
    
Further , carbohydrate antigen tumor markers were significantly reduced compared with the pre-therapy levels .
Immunotherapy with CIK/DC-CIK obviously alleviated the adverse events caused by chemotherapy .
The combination of CIK/DC-CIK therapy and chemotherapy was superior in prolonging the survival time , enhancing immune function and alleviating the adverse events caused by chemotherapy