***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : The authors investigated the longitudinal impact of peer health education on the health behaviors of undergraduate students pertaining to alcohol and drug use , eating and nutrition , and sexual health . Participants : From fall 2003 to spring 2006 , the authors annually administered a Web-based survey to a cohort of 2,000 r and omly selected undergraduate students . Results : Students who had contact with peer health educators were significantly more likely over time than other students to report less alcohol consumption and fewer related negative consequences . Results also show that students who had contact with peer health educators initially endorsed engaging in unhealthy weight management and fat talk behaviors during their first year but decreased these unhealthy behaviors by their third year . No significant differences in sexual health behaviors were found . Conclusions : Results indicate that peer health educators play an important role in promoting healthy behaviors in the areas of alcohol and drug use and in eating and nutrition INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge , attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) and the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . METHODS A r and omised controlled trial of 530 university students was done using  peer-adult facilitators . Participants completed a question naire before and after the intervention , which was a four-hour group session . A prevention programme was developed by local experts , health educators and peer facilitators . The peer-adult-led programme was design ed to provide a conceptual model of HIV risk reduction through information , motivational and behavioural skills , a harm reduction module and health promotion theme . RESULTS The main outcome measured was the level of knowledge , attitudes and behaviour scores . The results suggest that relative to the control group , participants in the intervention group had higher levels of knowledge ( 30.37 vs. 25.40 ; p-value is 0.001 ) and a better attitude ( 12.27 vs. 10.84 ; p-value is 0.001 ) . However , there was no difference in the behavioural score ( 9.47 vs. 9.41 ; p-value is 0.530 ) . The correlation between the level of knowledge and age and the level of education was found in the intervention group , but not in the control group ( p-value is 0.01 ) . Attitude and gender were found to be correlated in the intervention group only ( p-value is 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Our programme was successful in increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards AIDS and HIV . However , it did not improve risk-taking behaviour .  Peer-adult-led educational programmes for youth using various interactional activities , such as small group discussion s , poster activity and empathy exercises , can be successful in changing the prevailing youth perceptions of AIDS and HIV Background Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years are both the most at risk of HIV and the greatest hope for turning the tide against HIV/AIDS . Although various surveys have been done on sexual behaviour of youth in Ethiopia , studies assessing the effect of emergency oral contraceptives on condom utilization of university students are lacking . Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two major universities of Ethiopia from January to May 2011 using structured self administered question naire with the aim to assess the effect of introducing oral emergency contraceptive pills on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among female university students . Study participants were selected by simple r and om sampling using the list from the associate registrars of each University . Data were entered , cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 . Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with condom utilization . Results a total of 623 students out of 660 were included giving response rate of 94.4 % . A total of 103(16.5 % ) had history of sexual intercourse and nearly half ( 45.6 % ) of them had sex before the age of 20 years . Forty ( 6.4 % ) students had history of sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) . Sixty seven percent of students had heard about  emergency oral contraceptives .  One hundred and ninety one ( 45.7 % ) of students believe that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy . Believing that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy ( adjusted Odds ratio , AOR = 0.22 95 % CI 0.06 , 0.87 ) , condom prevents STI ( AOR = 10.37 , 95 % CI 1.73 , 62.24 ) and younger age below 20 years ( AOR = 11.68 95 % CI 1.25 , 109.19 ) were statistically significantly associated with condom use . Conclusion a significant number of students had history of sexual intercourse and used emergency contraception . The belief in the effectiveness of EOC negatively affects condom use . The preference for the pill may make teenagers less prepared to practice STI protective behaviours in specific situations . Therefore , there is an urgent need to educate young people in universities about reproductive health and family planning and skills on how to prevent HIV/STIs including unwanted pregnancy Objective : Assessing and underst and ing the health needs and capacities of college students is paramount to creating healthy campus communities . The American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment ( ACHA-NCHA ) is a survey developed by the ACHA in 1998 to assist institutions of higher education in achieving this goal . The ACHA-NCHA contains approximately 300 questions assessing student health status and health problems , risk and protective behaviors , and impediments to academic performance . Participants : The Spring 2006 Reference Group includes ACHA-NCHA data from 94,806 students at 117 institutions of higher education . Method Summary : Officials at participating institutions administered the ACHA-NCHA to all students , to r and omly selected students , or to students in r and omly selected classrooms . Data were collected between January and May 2006 . Results : Results from the Spring 2006 Reference Group ( N = 94,806 ) are presented . Conclusions : Data from the ACHA-NCHA Spring 2006 Reference Group exp and the underst and ing of the health needs and capacities of college students The goal of this study was to assess the impact of peer education and single-session educational lectures on HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude change among university students ( n = 157 male , n = 230 female ; mean age = 20 ) on the campuses of two metropolitan state universities in Ankara , Turkey . The students were r and omly selected to participate in peer education ( n = 204 ) , single-session lecture ( n = 74 ) or wait-list control ( n = 109 ) groups . Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in knowledge and attitudes , personal behavior , and awareness of HIV/AIDS . Both the peer education and HIV/AIDS lecture strategies were more effective in eliciting change in student 's knowledge and attitudes than the control condition ( p > .05 ) . Male and female students in both experimental groups showed higher attitude scores compared with all students in the control group 
    Output:
    
Peer education was beneficial for increasing knowledge of sexual health topics and creating some behavior change such as increased condom use and HIV testing .
Additionally , interventions developed specifically for women were effective .
Conclusions .
Peer education is an effective way to disseminate sexual health information and can be a reliable re source for college students