***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the rate of acute knee injury  in adolescent female football players . Design Stratified cluster r and omised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of r and omisation . Setting 230 Swedish football clubs ( 121 in the intervention group , 109 in the control group ) were followed for one season ( 2009 , seven months ) . Participants 4564 players aged 12 - 17 years ( 2479 in the intervention group , 2085 in the control group ) completed the study . Intervention 15 minute neuromuscular warm-up programme ( targeting core stability , balance , and proper knee alignment ) to be carried out twice a week throughout the season . Main outcome measures The primary outcome was rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury ; secondary outcomes were rates of severe knee injury ( > 4 weeks ’ absence ) and any acute knee injury . Results Seven players ( 0.28 % ) in the intervention group , and 14 ( 0.67 % ) in the control group had an anterior cruciate ligament injury . By Cox regression analysis according to intention to treat , a 64 % reduction in the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury was seen in the intervention group ( rate ratio 0.36 , 95 % confidence interval 0.15 to 0.85 ) . The absolute rate difference was −0.07 ( 95 % confidence interval −0.13 to 0.001 ) per 1000 playing hours in favour of the intervention group . No significant rate reductions were seen for secondary outcomes . Conclusions A neuromuscular warm-up programme significantly reduced the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in adolescent female football players . However , the absolute rate difference did not reach statistical significance , possibly owing to the small number of events . Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00894595 Background : Few authors have investigated the effectiveness of preventive intervention in European team h and ball . Purpose : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of injuries in female European team h and ball players . Study design : Prospect i ve controlled study . Methods : Ten female h and ball teams ( 134 players ) took part in the prevention program ( 1 . Information about injury mechanism , 2 . Balance-board exercises , 3 . Jump training )  while 10 other teams ( 142 players )  were instructed to train as usual . Over one season all injuries were documented weekly . Results : Ankle sprain was the most frequent diagnosis in both groups with 11 ankle sprains in the control group and 7 ankle sprains in the intervention group ( Odds ratio : 0.55 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.22–1.43 ) . The knee was the second frequent injury site . In the control group 5 of all knee injuries were anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) ruptures ( incidence : 0.21 per 1000 h ) in comparison with one in the intervention group ( incidence : 0.04 per 1000 h ) . Odds ratio was 0.17 with 95 % confidence interval of 0.02–1.5 . Conclusions : This study confirms that proprioceptive and neuromuscular training is appropriate for the prevention of knee and ankle injuries among female European team h and ball players Proprioceptive training has been shown to reduce the incidence of ankle sprains in different sports . It can also improve rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries whether treated operatively or nonoperatively . Since ACL injuries lead to long absence from sports and are one of the main causes of permanent sports disability , it is essential to try to prevent them . In a prospect i ve controlled study of 600 soccer players in 40 semiprofessional or amateur teams , we studied the possible preventive effect of a gradually increasing proprioceptive training on four different types of wobble-boards during three soccer seasons . Three hundred players were instructed to train 20 min per day with 5 different phases of increasing difficulty . The first phase consisted of balance training without any balance board ; phase 2 of training on a rectangular balance board ; phase 3 of training on a round board ; phase 4 of training on a combined round and rectangular board ; phase 5 of training on a so-called BABS board .  A control group of 300 players from other , comparable teams trained “ normally ” and received  no special balance training . Both groups were observed for three whole soccer seasons , and possible ACL lesions were diagnosed by clinical examination , KT-1000 measurements , magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography , and arthroscopy . We found an incidence of 1.15 ACL injuries per team per year in the control group and 0.15 injuries per team per year in the proprioceptively trained group ( P<0.001 ) . Proprioceptive training can thus significantly reduce the incidence of ACL injuries in soccer players A set of exercises -- the " 11"--have been selected to prevent football injuries . The purpose of this cluster-r and omized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of the " 11 " on injury risk in female youth football . Teams were r and omized to an  intervention ( n=59 teams , 1091 players ) or a control group ( n=54 teams , 1001 players ) . The intervention group was taught the " 11 , " exercises for core stability , lower extremity strength , neuromuscular control and agility , to be used as a 15-min warm-up program for football training over an 8-month season . A total of 396 players ( 20 % ) sustained 483 injuries . No difference was observed in the overall injury rate between the intervention ( 3.6 injuries/1000 h , confidence interval ( CI ) 3.2 - 4.1 ) and control group ( 3.7 , CI 3.2 - 4.1 ; RR=1.0 , CI 0.8 - 1.2 ; P=0.94 ) nor in the incidence for any type of injury . During the first 4 months of the season , the training program was used during 60 % of the football training sessions , but only 14 out of 58 intervention teams completed more than 20 prevention training sessions . In conclusion , we observed no effect of the injury prevention program on the injury rate , most likely because the compliance with the program was low OBJECTIVE To determine the numbers needed to treat ( NNT ) and relative risk reduction ( RRR ) associated with neuromuscular training programs aim ed at preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries in female athletes . DATA SOURCES We search ed PubMed , MEDLINE , SPORT Discus , CINAHL , and Web of Science from 1966 through 2005 using the terms knee , injury , anterior cruciate ligament , ACL , prevention , plyometric , and neuromuscular training . STUDY SELECTION Selected articles were from peer- review ed journals written in English that described original research studies comparing neuromuscular training programs with control programs to determine the number of noncontact ACL injuries per event exposure or hours of playing time . Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were independently rated by 3 review ers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Data base ( PEDro ) scale . Consensus PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 7 out of 10 . DATA EXTRACTION We used numbers of subjects , ACL injuries , and injury exposure rates to calculate NNT and RRR for each study . The NNT calculations from all studies were based on the number of players across 1 competitive season and were described as NNT benefit or NNT harm . DATA SYNTHESIS All 5 studies demonstrated a prophylactic effect due to the neuromuscular training programs . The pooled NNT estimates showed that 89 individuals ( 95 % confidence interval : 66 to 136 ) would need to participate in the prophylactic training program to prevent 1 ACL injury over the course of 1 competitive season . Pooled RRR was 70 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 54 % to 80 % ) among individuals who participated in the intervention program . One high- quality r and omized control trial and 4 medium- quality prospect i ve cohort studies showed mostly consistent findings . Thus , a Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy level of evidence of 1 with a grade B recommendation supports the use of neuromuscular training programs in the prevention of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that exercise programs can reduce the incidence of noncontact injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament in female athletes . We conducted a two-year prospect i ve study to assess the effects of a knee ligament injury prevention exercise program on the incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high-school female athletes . METHODS A prospect i ve cohort design was used to study high-school female athletes ( playing soccer , basketball , and volleyball ) from fifteen schools ( 112 teams ) for two consecutive seasons . The schools were divided into treatment and control groups . The treatment group participated in a plyometric-based exercise program twice a week throughout the season . Practice and game exposures and compliance with the exercise program were recorded on a weekly basis . Suspected noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries were confirmed on the basis of the history as well as at the time of surgery and /or with magnetic resonance imaging . RESULTS A total of 1439 athletes ( 862 in the control group and 577 in the treatment group ) were monitored . There were six confirmed noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries : three in the treatment group , and three in the control group . The incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries per 1000 exposures was 0.167 in the treatment group and 0.078 in the control group , yielding an odds ratio of 2.05 , which was not significant ( p > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a twenty-minute plyometric-based exercise program that focuses on the mechanics of l and ing from a jump and deceleration when running performed twice a week throughout the season will not reduce the rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high-school female athletes To assess the effect of a neuromuscular training program on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries in female team h and ball athletes , a prospect i ve intervention study of female team h and ball athletes from divisions I , II , and III in Norway was conducted . The control season ( 1998 - 1999 ) included 60 teams ( 942 athletes ) , the first intervention season ( 1999 - 2000 ) included 58 teams ( 855 athletes ) , and the second intervention season ( 2000 - 2001 ) included 52 teams ( 850 athletes ) . For the intervention teams , a five-phase program ( duration , 15 minutes ) with three different balance exercises focusing on neuromuscular control and planting and l and ing skills was developed and introduced to the athletes in the autumn of 1999 and revised before the start of the season in 2000 . Each intervention team was instructed in the program and supplied with an instructional video , poster , six balance mats , and six wobble boards . Additionally , a physical therapist was assigned to each team for follow-up during the second intervention season . The number of ACL injuries during the three seasons and compliance with the program were assessed . Twenty-nine ACL injuries occurred during the control season , 23 during the first intervention season ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.87 [ 0.50 - 1.52 ] ; P = 0.62 ) , and 17 during the second intervention season ( OR , 0.64 [ 0.35 - 1.18 ] ; P = 0.15 ) . In the elite division , 13 injuries occurred during the control season , 6 during the first intervention season ( OR , 0.51 [ 0.19 - 1.35 ] ; P = 0.17 ) , and 5 during the second intervention season ( OR , 0.37 [ 0.13 - 1.05 ] ; P = 0.06 ) . For the entire cohort , no difference in injury rates was noted during the second intervention season between compliers and noncompliers ( OR , 0.52 [ 0.15 - 1.82 ] , P = 0.31 ) . In the elite division , the risk of injury was reduced among athletes who completed the ACL injury prevention program ( OR , 0.06 [ 0.01 - 0.54 ] , P = 0.01 ) compared with those who did not . The results demonstrate that it is possible to prevent ACL injuries with specific neuromuscular training Objective To investigate whether a neuromuscular training programme is effective in preventing non-contact leg injuries in female floorball players . Design Cluster r and omised controlled study . Setting 28 top level female floorball teams in Finl and . Participants 457 players ( mean age 24 years)—256 ( 14 teams ) in the intervention group and 201 ( 14 teams ) in the control group — followedup for one league season ( six months ) . Intervention A neuromuscular training programme to enhance players ’ motor skills and body control , as well as to activate and prepare their neuromuscular system for sports specific manoeuvres . Main outcome measure Acute non-contact injuries of the legs . Results During the season , 72 acute non-contact leg injuries occurred , 20 in the intervention group and 52 in the control group . The injury incidence per 1000 hours playing and practise in the intervention group was 0.65 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.37 to 1.13 ) and in the control group was 2.08 ( 1.58 to 2.72 ) . The risk of non-contact leg injury was 66 % lower ( adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.34 , 95 % confidence interval 0.20 to 0.57 ) in the intervention group . Conclusion A neuromuscular training programme was effective in preventing acute non 
    Output:
    
The results of this systematic review and meta- analysis favor a protective effect of neuromuscular training programs on the risk of ACL rupture in female athletes .
This protective effect is more pronounced in soccer players .