***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This study describes a new surgical technique for harvesting intra-membranous bone  from the m and ibular symphyseal region and using it as an inlay graft . The surgical technique of turning a complex-shaped defect into a defect of defined size by contour preparation and insertion of an appropriate inlay graft was used in 31 patients . At 4 months , 15 patients ( 48 % ) showed negligible graft resorption of 0.33 mm . At 5 - 8 months the resorption rate in the remaining 16 patients was around 1.22 mm . All in all , a significant positive correlation was found between bone resorption and time ( r = 0.574 ; P < 0.001 ) . All patients received an  implant  after the fixation screw was removed . A conservative interpretation of the results suggests that , on account of the flush fit and the early revascularization of the graft , implants may and should , in fact , be inserted earlier in order to prevent graft resorption OBJECTIVES To evaluate healing of marginal defects in immediate transmucosal implants  grafted with anorganic bovine bone , and to assess mucosal and radiographic outcomes 3 - 4 years following restoration . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty immediate transmucosal implants in maxillary anterior extraction sites of 30 patients r and omly  received BioOss ( N=10 ; BG ) , BioOss and resorbable collagen membrane ( N=10 ; BG+M ) or no graft ( N=10 ; control ) . RESULTS Vertical defect height ( VDH ) reductions of 81.2+/-5 % , 70.5+/-17.4 % and 68.2+/-16.6 % , and horizontal defect depth ( HDD ) reductions of 71.7+/-34.3 % , 81.7+/-33.7 % and 55+/-28.4 % were observed for BG , BG+M and control groups , respectively , with no significant inter-group differences . Horizontal resorption was significantly greater in control group ( 48.3+/-9.5 % ) when compared with BG ( 15.8+/-16.9 % ) and BG+M ( 20+/-21.9 % ) groups ( P=0.000 ) . Ten sites ( 33.3 % ) exhibited recession of the mucosa after 6 months ; eight ( 26.7 % ) had an unsatisfactory esthetic result post-restoration due to recession . Mucosal recession was significantly associated ( P=0.032 ) with buccally positioned implants ( HDD 1.1+/-0.3 mm ) when compared with lingually positioned implants ( HDD 2.3+/-0.6 mm ) . In 19 patients followed for a mean of 4.0+/-0.7 years , marginal mucosa and bone levels remained stable following restoration . CONCLUSION BioOss significantly reduced horizontal resorption of buccal bone . There is a risk of mucosal recession and adverse soft tissue esthetics with immediate implant placement . However , this risk may be reduced by avoiding a buccal position of the implant in the extraction socket Two techniques of ridge augmentation using onlay bone graft alone or associated with a non-resorbable membrane have been previously described . This prospect i ve , r and omized study compared these two techniques at 6 months , in terms of bone gain , resorption and quality  obtained at edentulous sites .  Osseous measurements were taken using stents , callipers and CT-scans . Membrane exposure occurred at one site , 4 weeks after placement .  Endosseous implants  were successfully placed at all grafted sites . The mean graft thickness for all subjects was 4.7 mm ( range : 2.3 - 6.2 mm ) . Overall mean resorption was 1.5 mm ( range : 0 - 4.6 mm ) whereas overall mean width gain was 3.2 mm ( range : 0.8 - 6.2 mm ) . Six months following surgery , the membrane group experienced significantly less bone resorption than the graft alone group ( P<0.01 ) . Width augmentation did not differ significantly between the two groups . In conclusion , combining a membrane with an onlay graft demonstrates less bone resorption with a minimal risk of complications . Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the benefits of using a non-resorbable membrane BACKGROUND Early implant placement is one of the treatment options after tooth extraction .  Implant surgery is performed after a healing period of 4 to 8 weeks and combined with a simultaneous contour augmentation using the guided bone regeneration technique to rebuild stable esthetic facial hard- and soft-tissue contours . METHODS In this prospect i ve study , 20 patients were treated with an implant-born single crown and followed for 3 years . Clinical , radiologic , and esthetic parameters were recorded to assess treatment outcomes . RESULTS At the 3-year examination , all 20 implants were successfully integrated , demonstrating ankylotic stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissues as documented by st and ard clinical parameters . Esthetic outcomes were assessed by the pink esthetic score ( PES ) and white esthetic score ( WES ) and confirmed pleasing results overall . WES values were slightly superior to PES values . Periapical radiographs showed minimal crestal bone loss around used bone-level implants with a mean bone loss of 0.18 mm at 3 years . Only two implants revealed bone loss between 0.5 and 1.0 mm . One of these implants had minor mucosal recession < 1.0 mm . CONCLUSIONS This prospect i ve study evaluates the concept of early implant placement and demonstrated successful tissue integration for all 20 implants and stable bone-crest levels around implant-abutment interfaces according to the platform-switching concept . The midterm 3-year follow-up revealed pleasing esthetic outcomes and stable facial soft tissues . The risk of mucosal recession was low , with only one patient showing minor recession of the facial mucosa . These encouraging results need to be confirmed with a 5-year follow-up examination Bone grafting may be required prior to implant placement , at the time of implant placement , or subsequent to it . The aim of this study was to compare the healing of onlay block grafts  when deproteinized bovine bone coverage was used with the healing of the grafts without such coverage . The purpose was a clinical evaluation of deproteinized bovine bone 's ability to reduce grafted bone resorption . The results indicated that bovine bone can be placed over grafted areas , taking advantage of its osteoconductive properties and compensating for the natural bone resorption caused by remodeling OBJECTIVES Autologous bone augmentation to rebuild compromised alveolar ridge contour prior to implant placement allows for favorable three-dimensional implant positioning to achieve optimum implant esthetics . The aim of the present study was to evaluate peri-implant soft tissue conditions around single-tooth implants following bone grafts in the esthetic zone of the maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty patients underwent autologous bone augmentation of deficient maxillary sites prior to placement of 85 implants in the esthetic zone . In case of multiple implants per patient , one implant was r and omly selected . Objective evaluation of 60 single-tooth implants was performed using the Pink-Esthetic-Score ( PES ) and Papilla Index ( PI ) and supplemented by subjective patient evaluation , as well as clinical and radiologic examination . RESULTS Objective ratings of implant esthetics were satisfactory ( median PES : 11 , median PI : 2 ) and significantly correlated with high patient satisfaction ( mean VAS score : 80 % ) . Both esthetic indices demonstrated respectable levels of inter- as well as intra-observer agreement . Poor implant esthetics ( low PES and PI ratings ) were significantly associated with increased anatomic crown height , while no influence of horizontal implant-tooth distance could be found . CONCLUSIONS The present investigation indicates that favorable esthetic results may be achieved in the augmented anterior maxilla . However , bony reconstruction of compromised alveolar ridges does not guarantee optimum implant esthetics The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a bioactive alloplast and a physical barrier to augment localized alveolar ridge defects for the subsequent placement of dental implants . Twelve systemically healthy patients ( aged 29 to 55 years ) with inadequate dental alveolar ridge widths were selected for study . All patients completed initial therapy , which included scaling , root planing , and oral hygiene instruction . All ridge defects were augmented with a bioactive glass alloplast and a titanium-reinforced e-PTFE barrier .  Vertical ( height ) and horizontal ( width ) hard tissue measurements were taken the day of ridge augmentation surgery ( baseline ) and at the 6-month reentry surgery . The change in ridge width varied from a loss of 1 mm to a gain of 4.5 mm , with a mean gain of 1.1 mm ( P < .03 ) . Eight of the 12 sites gained 1 mm or less . The difference in mean ridge width gain between maxillary and m and ibular sites was not statistically significant ( P > .08 ) . Mean ridge width gain was 1.1 mm for both maxillary and m and ibular sites . There was a loss in bone height of 0.3 mm from baseline . Four implants in four patients could not be placed because of inadequate ridge width augmentation . Histologic examination of the grafted sites revealed connective tissue encapsulation of most residual graft particles . In this study , bioactive glass particulate and an e-PTFE barrier did not consistently augment localized ridge defects for dental implant placement The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic block grafts impregnated with autologous bone marrow in horizontal ridge augmentation therapy .  Ten patients with severe ridge volume deficiency in the anterior maxilla were treated with horizontal ridge augmentation .  The patients were r and omized into two groups : Five patients , using two allogeneic block grafts  , were in the control group , and five patients , using two allogeneic block grafts impregnated with autologous bone marrow , were in the test group . Hematologists collected 4 mL of bone marrow from the iliac crest of the patients in the test group immediately prior to the surgeries . The blocks were fixed using titanium screws to obtain rigid fixation and to st and ardize the reference points for measurement purpose s. CT scans were obtained both preoperatively and six months postoperatively to allow evaluation of horizontal bone gain . After a healing period of six months , the sites were reopened and the screws were removed . Before implant placement , bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation . Tomographic and histomorphometric measurements were recorded . The test group demonstrated better tomographic results ( P < 0.05 ) in augmenting alveolar thickness , with a mean value of 4.60 ± 1.43 mm ( 118.23 ± 56.93 % ) , while the control group had bone gain of 2.15 ± 0.47 mm ( 49.91 ± 20.24 % ) . Despite the different results in alveolar thickness gained between groups , all sites received dental implants . The histomorphometric analysis also showed better results ( P < 0.05 ) in the amount of vital mineralized bone in the test group as compared to the control group . The findings of this study suggest that an autologous bone marrow aspirate can increase the regenerative potential of corticocancellous allogeneic bone grafts A classification of the edentulous jaws has been developed based on a r and omised cross-sectional study from a sample of 300 dried skulls . It was noted that whilst the shape of the basalar process of the m and ible and maxilla remains relatively stable , changes in shape of the alveolar process is highly significant in both the vertical and horizontal axes . In general , the changes of shape of the alveolar process follows a predictable pattern . Such a classification serves to simplify description of the residual ridge and thereby assist communication between clinicians ; aid selection of the appropriate surgical prosthodontic technique ; offer an objective baseline from which to evaluate and compare different treatment methods ; and help in deciding on interceptive techniques to preserve the alveolar process . An awareness of the pattern of resorption that takes place in various parts of the edentulous jaws , enables clinicians to anticipate and avert future problems BACKGROUND Various causes of facial bone loss around dental implants  are reported in the literature ; however , reports on the influence of residual facial bone thickness on the facial bone response ( loss or gain ) have not been published . This study measured changes in vertical dimension of facial bone between implant insertion and uncovering and compared these changes to facial bone thickness for more than 3,000  hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated and non-HA-coated root-form dental implants . METHODS Subjects were predominantly white males , 18 to 80 + years of age ( mean 62.9 years ) , who were patients at 30 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and two university dental clinics . Alveolar ridges ranged from normal to resorbed with intact basal bone . Following preparation of the osteotomy site , direct measurements with calipers were made of the residual facial bone thickness , approximately 0.5 mm below the crest of the bone . The distance from the top of the implants to the crest of the facial bone was also measured using periodontal probes . Implants were uncovered between 3 to 4 months in the m and ible and 6 to 8 months in the maxilla after insertion . Facial bone 
    Output:
    
Staged and simultaneous augmentation procedures in the anterior maxilla are both associated with high implant success and survival rates .
The level of evidence , however , is better for the staged approach than for the simultaneous one