***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Eckerson , JM , Bull , AJ , Baechle , TR , Fischer , CA , O’Brien , DC , Moore , GA , Yee , JC , and Pulverenti , TS . Acute ingestion of sugar-free red bull energy drink has no effect on upper body strength and muscular endurance in resistance trained men . J Strength Cond Res 27(8 ) : 2248–2254 , 2013—Consumption of energy drinks by both recreational and competitive athletes has increased dramatically in recent years . The primary ingredients in many energy drinks include caffeine ( CAF ) in various forms and taurine . The purpose of this r and omized , double-blind , crossover study was to examine the effect of sugar-free ( SF ) Red Bull ( RB ) containing CAF and taurine to a CAF only drink and a SF CAF-free placebo ( PL ) on 1 repetition maximum ( 1RM ) bench press ( BP ) and the volume load ( VL ; repetitions × kg at 70 % 1RM ) during one BP set to failure in experienced lifters . Seventeen college-age men r and omly received the following : ( A ) 500 mL of SF-RB containing CAF ( 160 mg ) and taurine ( 2000 mg ) ; ( B ) 500 mL of a SF drink containing CAF only ( 160 mg ) ; or ( C ) a SF CAF-free 500 mL PL drink 60 minutes before testing on 3 separate occasions . After a st and ard warm-up , the 1RM was determined for each subject and , after 5 minutes rest , they completed repetitions to failure at 70 % of their 1RM to assess VL . Differences between trials for 1RM BP and the VL were identified using repeated measures analysis of variance ( p < 0.05 ) . The results indicated that neither SF-RB nor the CAF drink had any effect on 1RM BP ( 115.13 ± 16.19 kg and 114.87 ± 16.16 kg , respectively ) or VL ( 1173.08 ± 170.66 kg and 1164.14 ± 147.03 kg , respectively ) compared with PL ( 1RM = 114.07 ± 16.09 kg ; VL = 1141.46 ± 193.41 kg ) . Although the CAF content in the energy drinks used in the present study was low ( ∼2.0 mg/kg ) , the finding of no effect of the CAF containing energy drinks for 1RM BP are in agreement with previous studies using intakes up to 6.0 mg/kg . These findings suggest that SF-RB has no effect on upper body 1RM strength or VL in resistance trained men PURPOSE The objective of this study is to determine the effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on female volleyball players ' performance . METHODS Thirteen elite female volleyball players ingested 3 mg·kg of caffeine with an energy drink or the same drink without caffeine ( placebo drink ) in a double-blind and r and omized study . Then , participants performed the following : st and ing spike , jumping spike , spike jump , blocking jump , squat jump , countermovement jump , manual dynamometry , and the agility t-test . A simulated volleyball game was played , videotaped , and notated afterward . RESULTS In comparison to the placebo drink , the ingestion of the caffeinated energy drink increased the ball velocity in the st and ing spike ( 19.2 ± 2.1 vs 19.7 ± 1.9 m·s , P = 0.023 ) and in the jumping spike ( 17.9 ± 2.2 vs 18.8 ± 2.2 m·s , P = 0.038 ) and the jump height in the squat jump ( 28.1 ± 3.2 vs 29.4 ± 3.6 cm , P = 0.028 ) , countermovement jump ( 32.0 ± 4.6 vs 33.1 ± 4.5 cm , P = 0.018 ) , spike jump ( 43.3 ± 4.7 vs 44.4 ± 5.0 cm , P = 0.025 ) , and block jump ( 35.2 ± 5.1 vs 36.1 ± 5.1 cm , P = 0.044 ) . Furthermore , the caffeinated energy drink decreased the time needed to complete the agility t-test ( 11.1 ± 0.5 vs 10.9 ± 0.3 s , P = 0.036 ) . During the game , the volleyball actions categorized as successful were more frequent with the caffeinated energy drink ( 34 % ± 9 % vs 45 % ± 9 % , P < 0.001 ) , whereas imprecise actions decreased ( 28 % ± 7 % vs 14 % ± 9 % , P < 0.001 ) when compared with the placebo drink . CONCLUSION Commercially available energy drinks can significantly improve physical performance in female volleyball players .  Increased physical performance led to improved accuracy during an actual volleyball match Background The consumption of beverages containing caffeine and taurine before exercising has been associated with increased physical and psychological performances and has been promoted to support the emotional state and provide vitality to consumers . However , there are contradictory results on these issues , it is not clear the effect of every major compound in relation to the whole effect of the beverages and there is a lack in knowledge about their degree of safety for consumption . Methods This study used a double-blind , placebo controlled , r and omized , crossover design . Fourteen male volunteer soldiers from the Colombian army performed different tests to measure their cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO2max and maximum heart rate ) , time to exhaustion , strength ( isometric strength ) , power ( vertical jump ) , concentration ( Grid test ) and memory ( Digits test ) after drinking 250íml of one of the following beverages : one with 80ímg caffeine , one with 1000ímg taurine , one with 80ímg caffeine plus 1000ímg taurine , a commercial energy drink ( Red Bullí ) or a placebo drink . Subjects were caffeine-consumers that avoided caffeine during the day of evaluation . All beverages were matched in flavor and other organoleptic properties to the commercial one , were bottled in dark plastic bottles and were administered in identical conditions to the participants . Differences between treatments were assessed using repeated measures and analysis of variance . Results The mean í SD values of VO2max , maximum heart rate , time to exhaustion , right h and grip strength , left h and grip strength , vertical jump , Grid test and Digits test were 61.3 í 6.2íml/kg.min , 196 í 6.8 beats per min , 17 í 1.2ímin , 56.8 í 6.6íkgf , 53.1 í 5.9íkgf , 41.1 í 3.8ícm , 19.9 í 5.9 observed digits and 10.9 í 3.1 remembered digits after drinking a placebo drink . Comparisons among the commercial drink , caffeine , taurine , caffeine plus taurine and placebo treatments did not show statistically differences in the results of the performed tests . No adverse effects were reported by the participants . Conclusion The consumption of caffeine ( 80ímg ) and taurine ( 1000ímg ) or their combination does not increase the physical and cognitive ability in young adults during exercise Abstract Phillips , MD , Rola , KS , Christensen , KV , Ross , JW , and Mitchell , JB . Preexercise energy drink consumption does not improve endurance cycling performance but increases lactate , monocyte , and interleukin-6 response . J Strength Cond Res 28(5 ) : 1443–1453 , 2014—The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of an energy drink ( ED ) on cycling performance and immune-related variables . Eleven trained male cyclists ( 33.4 ± 8.9 years ; 81 ± 7.6 kg ; maximal V[Combining Dot Above]O2 , 52 ± 3.4 ml·kg−1·min−1 ) consumed 500 ml of ( a ) ED ( 2.0 g taurine , 1.2 g glucuronolactone , 160 mg caffeine , 56 g carbohydrate [ CHO ] , and B vitamins ) , ( b ) cola matched for caffeine and CHO ( CC ) , or ( c ) flavored placebo ( PL : sparking water and flavoring ) 50 minutes before racing in a r and omized , crossover design . Performance was measured as time to complete ( TTC ) a 25-mile simulated road race . Blood was collected at baseline , 30 minutes after drink consumption , during exercise at miles 5 ( M5 ) , 15 ( M15 ) , and immediately ( POEX ) and 30 minutes ( 30minPO ) after exercise . TTC was not different ( p > 0.05 ) among trials ( ED , 68.6 ± 2.7 ; CC , 68.9 ± 3.8 ; PL , 69.6 ± 3.8 minutes ) . Consumption of CC and ED elicited a mild hypoglycemia elicited a mild hypoglycemia during cycling . POEX interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) was greatest after ED , whereas CC IL-6 was greater than PL ( 10.2 ± 1.6 , 6.7 ± 0.6 , and 4.8 ± 0.7 pg·ml−1 , respectively ; p < 0.001 ) . Cycling increased leukocyte number in all conditions with ED leukocyte number greater than that of PL at M15 ( 9.8 ± 0.6 , 8.5 ± 0.3 × 106 cells·mL−1 ) . Energy drink induced an earlier recruitment of monocytes to the blood stream than CC . Mean fat oxidation was greater in PL compared with CC ( 0.43 ± 0.06 and 0.28 ± 0.04 g·min−1 ; p = 0.033 ) but did not differ between ED ( 0.32 ± 0.06 ) and PL . Lactate was higher in ED compared with CC and PL at M5 and M15 ( p = 0.003 ) , but there was no significant influence of either ED or CC on performance . Carbohydrate and caffeine consumption before endurance cycling significantly increased the IL-6 release and leukocytosis , and the additional ingredients in ED seem to have further augmented these responses Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a pre-exercise high energy drink on reaction time and anaerobic power in competitive strength/power athletes . In addition , the effect of the pre-exercise drink on subjective feelings of energy , fatigue , alertness and focus was also explored . Methods Twelve male strength/power athletes ( 21.1 ± 1.3 y ; 179.8 ± 7.1 cm ; 88.6 ± 12.1 kg ; 17.6 ± 3.3 % body fat ) underwent two testing sessions administered in a r and omized and double-blind fashion . During each session , subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory and were provided with either 120 ml of a high energy drink ( SUP ) , commercially marketed as Redline Extreme ® or 120 ml of a placebo ( PL ) that was similar in taste and appearance but contained no active ingredients . Following consumption of the supplement or placebo subjects rested quietly for 10-minutes prior to completing a survey and commencing exercise . The survey consisted of 4 questions asking each subject to describe their feelings of energy , fatigue , alertness and focus for that moment . Following the completion of the question naire subjects performed a 2-minute quickness and reaction test on the Makoto testing device ( Makoto USA , Centennial CO ) and a 20-second Wingate Anaerobic Power test . Following a 10-minute rest subjects repeated the testing sequence and after a similar rest period a third and final testing sequence was performed . The Makoto testing device consisted of subjects reacting to both a visual and auditory stimulus and striking one out of 30 potential targets on three towers . Results Significant difference in reaction performance was seen between SUP and PL in both average number of targets struck ( 55.8 ± 7.4 versus 51.9 ± 7.4 , respectively ) and percent of targets struck ( 71.9 ± 10.5 % versus 66.8 ± 10.9 % , respectively ) . No significant differences between trials were seen in any anaerobic power measure . Subjective feelings of energy ( 3.5 ± 0.5 versus 3.1 ± 0.5 ) and focus ( 3.8 ± 0.5 versus 3.3 ± 0.7 ) were significantly higher during SUP compared to PL , respectively . In addition , a trend towards an increase in average alertness ( p = 0.06 ) was seen in SUP compared to P. Conclusion Results indicate a significant increase in reaction performance , with no effect on anaerobic power performance . In addition , ingestion of this supplement significantly improves subjective feelings of focus and energy in male strength/power athletes Background Currently , there are few studies on the cardiovascular and fatigue effects of commercially available energy drinks . This study investigated the effects of Monster energy drink ( Monster Beverage Corporation , Corona , California ) , on resting heart rate ( HR ) , heart rate variability ( HRV ) 
    Output:
    
Conclusion ED ingestion improved performance in muscle strength and endurance , endurance exercise tests , jumping and sport-specific actions .
However , the improvement in performance was associated with taurine dosage