***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The aim of the present case series was to evaluate the 2-year results obtained following treatment of peri-implantitis lesions using either a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite ( NHA ) or a natural bone mineral in combination with a collagen membrane ( NBM+CM ) . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients suffering from moderate peri-implantitis ( n=22 intra-bony defects ) were r and omly treated with ( i ) access flap surgery ( AFS ) and the application of NHA , or with AFS and the application of NBM+CM . Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and after 12 , 18 , and 24 months of non-submerged healing . RESULTS Two patients from the NHA group were excluded from the study due to severe pus formation at 12 months . At 24 months , both groups revealed clinical ly important probing depth ( PD ) reductions ( NHA : 1.5+/-0.6 mm ; NBM+CM : 2.4+/-0.8 mm ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) gains ( NHA : 1.0+/-0.4 mm ; NBM+CM : 2.0+/-0.8 mm ) . However , these clinical improvements seemed to be better in the NBM+CM group ( difference between groups : PD reduction : 0.9+/-0.2 mm ; CAL gain : 1.0+/-0.3 mm ) . CONCLUSION Both treatment procedures have shown efficacy over a period of 24 months , however , the application of NBM+CM may result in an improved outcome of healing AIM This r and omized clinical trial presents a 12-month follow-up of the clinical and microbiological results after application of minocycline microspheres as an adjunct to mechanical treatment of incipient peri-implant infections compared with an adjunctive treatment using 1 % chlorhexidine gel application . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two subjects with probing depth > or = 4 mm , combined with bleeding and /or exu date on probing and presence of putative pathogenic bacteria were given oral hygiene instructions and mechanical treatment of infected areas adjacent to implants . The subjects were then r and omly assigned adjunctive subgingival antimicrobial treatment using either chlorhexidine gel or minocycline microspheres .  Sixteen patients in the minocycline group and 14 in the chlorhexidine group completed the study . Follow-up examinations were carried out after 10 days , 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months . RESULTS The adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres result ed in improvements of probing depths and bleeding scores , whereas the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine only result ed in limited reduction of bleeding scores . For the deepest sites of the treated implants in the minocycline group , the mean probing depth was reduced from 5.0 to 4.4 mm at 12 months . This study could not show any significant difference in the levels of bacterial species or groups at any time point between the two antimicrobial agents tested . The present findings encourage further studies on adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres in the treatment of peri-implant lesions . CONCLUSIONS The use of a local antibiotic as an adjunct to mechanical treatment of incipient peri-implantitis lesions demonstrated improvements in probing depths that were sustained over 12 months This report presents the clinical results three months after application of minocycline microspheres as an adjunct to mechanical treatment of incipient peri-implant infections compared to adjunctive treatment employing 1 % chlorhexidine gel application . Sixteen patients in the minocycline group and 14 in the chlorhexidine group completed the study . Each patient had one or more implants with probing depth > or = 4 mm combined with bleeding and /or exu date on probing and presence of putative pathogenic bacteria . At baseline , patients were r and omly assigned to minocycline or chlorhexidine treatment . Follow-up examinations were carried out after 10 , 30 , 60 and 90 days . The combined mechanical/antimicrobial treatment for the chlorhexidine group did not result in any reduction in probing depth and only limited reduction of bleeding scores . The adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres , on the other h and , result ed in improvements in both probing depths and bleeding scores . For the deepest sites of the treated implants , mean probing depth was reduced from 5.0 mm to 4.1 mm . The reductions in bleeding scores , although greater than for the chlorhexidine group , were modest . Thus , the question as to what extent the combined mechanical/minocycline treatment could be considered adequate for the treated lesions remains to be answered . The present short-term findings , however , encourage further studies with longer observation intervals on adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres in the treatment of periimplant lesions & NA ; Between 1994 and 1999 , 50 patients were treated with either profound parodontopathy ( 30 ) or periimplantitis ( 20 ) . Half of each of the two groups of patients was treated conventionally , and the other half was treated with laser support . Before the operation , microbiological examinations were carried out , in addition to registering the clinical findings and taking x‐rays . These procedures were repeated after the operation , and again after 6 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , and 60 months . The surgical part of therapy for each half of the patient groups included surface decontamination with diode laser light ( 1‐watt output , maximum of 20 seconds ) in addition to conventional procedures . The values of the laser‐supported therapy were lower than those specified in the relevant literature . The relapse rate of the two diseases ( 13 % for the periimplantitis and 23 % for the parodontopathy group ) after 5 years was lower than the comparative values of research ed literature where decontamination was not included in the therapy . We think that integrating diode laser light decontamination in the approved treatment schemes for periimplantitis and parodontitis contributes considerably to the success of this therapy . ( Implant Dent 2000;9:247‐251 OBJECTIVES The study aim ed at investigating the impact of two surface debridement/decontamination ( DD ) methods on the clinical outcomes of combined surgical treatment of peri-implantitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients suffering from advanced peri-implantitis ( n=38 combined supra- and intra-bony defects ) were treated with flap surgery , granulation tissue removal , and implantoplasty at buccally and supracrestally exposed implant parts . The intra-bony aspects were r and omly allocated to surface DD using either ( i ) an Er : YAG laser ( ERL ) device , or ( ii ) plastic curets+cotton pellets+sterile saline ( CPS ) . In both groups , the intra-bony component was augmented with a natural bone mineral and covered with a collagen membrane . Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of non-submerged healing . RESULTS Two patients were lost during follow-up . At 6 months , ERL-treated sites failed to reveal higher reductions in mean bleeding on probing ( ERL : 47.8 ± 35.5 versus CPS : 55.0 ± 31.1 % ) and CAL values ( ERL : 1.5 ± 1.4 versus CPS : 2.2 ± 1.4 mm ) when compared with the CPS group . Both groups exhibited a comparable radiographic bone fill at the intra-bony defect component . CONCLUSION The study failed to demonstrate a significant impact of the method of surface DD on the clinical outcome following combined surgical therapy of advanced peri-implantitis lesions AIM To compare the effectiveness of treatment of peri-implantitis with a novel ultrasonic device , the Vector system , with that of subgingival debridement with carbon fiber curettes . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study , comprising 11 patients with at least two screw type implants with bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) > or = 5 mm , and at least 1.5 mm radiographic bone loss and exposed implant threads , was carried out as a single blind r and omized clinical trial . At baseline one r and omly chosen implant in each patient was treated by the Vector system ( test ) while the other implant ( control ) was treated by submucosal debridement with a carbon fiber curette . After 3 months , the same treatments were repeated . Plaque , BOP , and PPD were recorded on all implant surfaces at baseline , and after 3 and 6 months . Bone levels were recorded on radiographs taken prior to the start of the study , and after 6 months . RESULTS Oral hygiene around both test and control implants was improved at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline . At 6 months , four of the Vector-treated sites , and only one site treated with curettes , had stopped to bleed . In neither the test nor the control group , were there any differences between baseline and 6 months regarding PPD and bone levels . CONCLUSION Although there was a greater reduction in the number of sites with BOP following treatment with the Vector system than following instrumentation with carbon fiber curettes , there was no significant difference between the two methods This clinical study reports on the results of a new method in the treatment of peri-implantitis . The surfaces of 24 plasma flame-sprayed cylindric implants in 17 patients who were diagnosed with peri-implantitis were decontaminated with a combination of toluidine blue ( 100 micrograms/mL ) and laser irradiation at a wavelength of 906 nm . Bone defects were filled with autogenous bone using e-PTFE membranes for retention of the grafting material . Premature membrane exposure occurred in all patients after an average of 3 weeks ( + /- 10 days ) , which required immediate removal of the exposed membrane in 1 patient . Since the soft tissue showed minimal signs of inflammation , the membranes were left in situ for another 6 weeks in all other patients . The mean radiographic peri-implant bone gain was 2 mm + /- 1.90 mm after 9.5 months ( maxilla 2.5 mm + /- 2.38 mm ; m and ible 1.9 mm + /- 1.87 mm ) . Two implants around which the initial bone defect had already reached the basket had to be removed after 10 months and 35 months , respectively , despite radiographic evidence of improvement of the peri-implant defect . The longer the membrane stayed in situ , the more bone was gained , as long as the membrane was covered by soft tissue ( P = .01 ) . However , the longer an exposed membrane was left in place , the smaller the result ant bone gain ( P = .0001 ) . Therefore , despite the absence of clinical signs of inflammation , exposed membranes should be removed immediately . The short-term results of this study corroborate the efficacy of the applied treatment method in prolonging the service time of dental implants involved with peri-implantitis OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve cohort study was to compare two regenerative surgical treatment modalities for peri-implantitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six patients having a minimum of one osseointegrated implant , with a progressive loss of bone amounting to > or =3 threads ( 1.8 mm ) following the first year of healing , combined with bleeding and /or pus on probing , were involved in this study . The patients were assigned to two different treatment strategies . After surgical exposure of the defect , granulomatous tissue was removed and the infected implant surface was treated using 3 % hydrogen peroxide . The bone defects were filled with a bone substitute ( Algipore ) . In 17 patients ( Group 1 ) , a resorbable membrane ( Osseoquest ) was placed over the grafted defect before suturing . In 19 patients ( Group 2 ) , the graft was used alone . RESULTS One-year follow-up demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements . Probing depths were reduced by 2.9 mm in Group 1 and by 3.4 mm in Group 2 . Defect fill amounted to 1.5 and 1.4 mm , respectively . There was no significant difference between the groups . CONCLUSION It is possible to treat peri-implant defects with a bone substitute , with or without a resorbable membrane OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve , parallel group design ed , r and omized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an air-abrasive device ( AAD ) for non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients , each of whom displayed at least one implant with initial to moderate peri-implantitis , were enrolled in an oral hygiene program ( OHI ) and r and omly instrumented using either ( 1 ) AAD ( amino acid glycine powder ) or ( 2 ) mechanical debridement using carbon curets and antiseptic therapy with chlorhexidine digluconate ( MDA ) . Clinical parameters were measured at baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment [ e.g. bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) ] . RESULTS At 6 months , AAD group revealed significantly higher ( p<0.05 ; unpaired t-test ) changes in mean BOP scores when compared with MDA-treated sites ( 43.5 ± 27.7%versus 11.0 ± 15.7 % ) . Both groups exhibited comparable PD reductions ( AAD : 0.6 ± 0.6 mm versus MDA : 0.5 ± 0.6 mm ) and CAL gains ( AAD : 0.4 ± 0.7 mm versus MDA 
    Output:
    
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS There is no reliable evidence suggesting which could be the most effective interventions for treating peri-implantitis .
This is not to say that currently used interventions are not effective .
Follow-up longer than 1 year suggested recurrence of peri-implantitis in up to 100 % of the treated cases for some of the tested interventions .
As this can be a chronic disease , re-treatment may be necessary .