***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of diabetes  during pregnancy on the long-term motor development of the offspring and to study possible correlations between glycemic control and motor development . We compared the motor development of 57 children , 5- to 12-years-of-age , born to 48 mothers with well-controlled diabetes , to the motor development of 57 control children matched by age , birth order , and parental socio-economic status . Children born to mothers with diabetes performed less well than controls in fine and gross motor functions on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency . A negative correlation existed between the test scores of the children whose mothers had diabetes and the severity of hyperglycemia as assessed by blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels and acetonuria . Motor ability of the children of mothers with diabetes had a high correlation with biological and environmental variables . These results suggest that diabetes during pregnancy may affect the developing brain , inducing long-term mild motor deficiency . The effects seem to result from the adverse effects of diabetic metabolic factors , and the effects correlate with the degree of diabetes control . The combination of metabolic functioning of women with diabetes and home environment may affect the motor development of their children PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support physical activity program in overweight children . METHODS A multisite r and omized controlled trial was conducted with three intervention arms : 1 ) child-centered physical activity skill development program ( Activity ) , 2 ) parent-centered dietary modification program ( DIET ) , or 3 ) both programs combined ( PA+DIET ) .  Movement skill proficiency , perceived athletic competence , accelerometer-assessed physical activity , and parent-reported time spent in screen behaviors were assessed at baseline , 6 months , and 12 months in 165 prepubertal children aged 5.5 - 9 yr ( 59 % girls , 78 % obese ) . Differences in changes in outcomes between groups were assessed using linear mixed models . RESULTS Compared with the diet group , the activity group ( mean ( 95 % confidence interval ) : + 7.7 units ( 3.8 - 11.6 units ) ) and the activity + diet group ( + 6.7 units ( 2.9 - 10.5 units ) ) displayed 11%-13 % greater improvement in overall movement skill proficiency ( gross motor quotient ) at 6 months . Perceived athletic competence increased across groups at follow-up ( across groups : 6 months = + 0.21 units ( 0.11 - 0.31 units ) , 12 months = + 0.21 units ( 0.07 - 0.35 units ) ) . Groups did not differ statistically for change in physical activity outcomes . Total screen time ( min·wk(-1 ) ) decreased in all groups at 6 months ( across groups : -385.4 ( -501.0 to -269.8 ) ) and in the activity group ( -261.8 ( -470.5 to -53.1 ) ) and activity + diet group ( -340.5 ( -534.6 to -146.4 ) ) at 12 months . The diet group reported greater reductions in TV or DVD viewing time at 6 months compared with the activity group ( 248.6 ( 24.0 - 473.3 ) ) . CONCLUSIONS The activity and the activity + diet programs were efficacious in improving overweight children 's movement skill proficiency . All programs were efficacious in reducing time spent in screen behaviors . Other correlates may need to be targeted in addition to movement skills to increase physical activity among overweight children Differences in the age of attainment of motor skills between boys and girls have been established in previous studies . It has been noted that boys develop ball skills earlier than girls and that girls acquire manual dexterity before boys . The purpose of this study was to determine if the same differences could be identified in a group of typically developing seven and eight year old children using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test ( MABC Test ) . In this study , a physiotherapist administered the MABC Test to 103 r and omly selected children ( boys-60 , girls-43 ) . The MABC Test examines children 's motor skills in the areas of manual dexterity , ball skills and balance . Results were analyzed using analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) . The ANOVA results indicated significant differences between boys ' and girls ' ball skill scores and manual dexterity scores PURPOSE To test for relationships between objective ly measured habitual physical activity and fundamental movement skills in a relatively large and representative sample of preschool children . METHODS Physical activity was measured over 6 d using the Computer Science and Applications ( CSA ) accelerometer in 394 boys and girls ( mean age 4.2 , SD 0.5 yr ) . Children were scored on 15 fundamental movement skills , based on the Movement Assessment Battery , by a single observer . RESULTS Total physical activity ( r=0.10 , P<0.05 ) and percent time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) ( r=0.18 , P<0.001 ) were significantly correlated with total movement skills score . Time spent in light-intensity physical activity was not significantly correlated with motor skills score ( r=0.02 , P>0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS In this sample and setting , fundamental movement skills were significantly associated with habitual physical activity , but the association between the two variables was weak . The present study questions whether the widely assumed relationships between motor skills and habitual physical activity actually exist in young children AIM The objective of this study was to determine relationships between body composition and motor and physical competence of Grade 1 learners living in the North West Province of South Africa . METHODS Data were collected by means of a stratified r and om sampling procedure from 816 Grade 1 learners ( 419 boys , 397 girls ) with a mean age of 6.84 years ( + 0.39 SD ) , in the NW-CHILD- study .  Height , weight , skinfolds ( subscapular , triceps , calf ) and waist circumference were measured . International cut-off values were used to classify the subjects in normal , overweight or obese categories . Motor and physical competence was measured by using the Bruiniks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 SF and the  Test of Gross Motor Development 2 . RESULTS One out of 10 learners were overweight or obese . Fine motor precision , balance , running speed and agility and strength correlated significantly with BMI with no clear relationships with object control skills and upper limb-coordination . CONCLUSION A clear relationship was found between body composition and most of the motor and physical fitness competencies of Grade 1 learners . Intervention strategies to improve the body composition of overweight children and accompanying motor proficiency back logs and physical fitness deficiencies are recommended PURPOSE  Physical activity ( PA  ) declines dramatically during adolescence , and activity levels are consistently lower among children living in low-income communities . Competency in a range of fundamental movement skills ( FMS ) may serve as a protective factor against the decline in PA typically observed during adolescence . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-month multicomponent PA and FMS intervention on children attending primary schools in low-income communities . METHODS The Supporting Children 's Outcomes using Rewards , Exercise , and Skills intervention was evaluated using a cluster r and omized controlled trial . The sample included 25 classes from eight primary schools located in low-income communities . Participants were 460 children ( 54.1 % girls ) age 8.5 ± 0.6 yr . Primary outcomes were objective ly measured PA ( ActiGraph GT3X and GT3X+ accelerometers ) , FMS competency ( Test of Gross Motor Development 2 , six locomotor and six object control skills ) , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( 20-m multistage fitness test ) assessed at baseline , midprogram ( 6-months ) , and at posttest ( 12 months ) . Linear mixed models , adjusted for sex , age , body mass index z-score , socioeconomic status , ethnicity , and school class as a r and om factor , were used to assess the effect of the intervention . RESULTS At midprogram , there were no significant intervention effects for any of the outcomes . At posttest ( study 's primary time point ) , there were intervention effects for daily moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) ( adjusted mean difference , 12.7 min·d of MVPA ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 5.0 - 20.5 ) , overall FMS competency ( 4.9 units ; 95 % CI , -0.04 to 9.8 ) , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( 5.4 laps ; 95 % CI , 2.3 - 8.6 ) . CONCLUSIONS A school-based multicomponent PA and FMS intervention maintained daily MVPA , improved overall FMS competency , and increased cardiorespiratory fitness among children attending primary schools in low-income communities 
    Output:
    
The most examined correlates were biological and demographic factors .
Age ( increasing ) was a correlate of children ’s motor competence .
Weight status ( healthy ) , sex ( male ) and socioeconomic background ( higher ) were consistent correlates for certain aspects of motor competence only .
Physical activity and sport participation constituted the majority of investigations in the behavioral attributes and skills category .
Whilst we found physical activity to be a positive correlate of skill composite and motor coordination , we also found indeterminate evidence for physical activity being a correlate of object control or locomotor skill competence .
Indeed our findings do suggest that evidence for some correlates differs according to how motor competence is operationalized