***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : One of the main causes of stress in the lives of people is their jobs . Occupational stress is causing a wide range of significant issues in health and community services . Nursing is the most stressful profession in the health services . Massage therapy is one way of coping with stress . This study was conducted to determine the effect of massage therapy on stress in nurses . Material s and Methods : This study was a clinical trial on 66 male and female nurses working in intensive care units ( dialysis , ICU , and CCU ) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Iran , in 2013 . Participants were selected according to the aims and inclusion criteria of the study . Then , they were r and omly divided into experimental and control groups . The Occupational Stress Inventory ( OSI ) ( Osipow and Spokane , 1987 ) was completed by participants of the two groups before , immediately after , and 2 weeks after the intervention . General Swedish massage was performed on participants of the experimental group for 25 min in each session , twice a week for 4 weeks . Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics [ Chi-square , t-test , and repeated measures analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) ] using SPSS software . Results : Results showed that the difference in overall mean occupation stress scores between experimental and control groups 2 weeks after the intervention was significant ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusions : According to the results , it is recommended that massage , as a valuable noninvasive method , be used for nurses in intensive care units to reduce their stress , promote mental health , and prevent the decrease in quality of nursing work life Background Cardiac sonographers frequently have work-related muscular discomfort . We aim ed to assess the feasibility of having sonographers receive massages during working hours in an area adjacent to an echocardiography laboratory and to assess relief of discomfort with use of the massages with or without stretching exercises . Methods A group of 45 full-time sonographers was r and omly assigned to receive weekly 30-minute massage sessions , massages plus stretching exercises to be performed twice a day , or no intervention . Outcome measures were scores of the Quick DASH instrument and its associated work module at baseline and at 10 weeks of intervention . Data were analyzed with st and ard descriptive statistics and the separation test for early-phase comparative trials . Results Forty-four participants completed the study : 15 in the control group , 14 in the massage group , and 15 in the massage plus stretches group . Some improvement was seen in work-related discomfort by the Quick DASH scores and work module scores in the 2 intervention groups . The separation test showed separation in favor of the 2 interventions . Conclusion On the basis of the results of this pilot study , larger trials are warranted to evaluate the effect of massages with or without stretching on work-related discomfort in cardiac sonographers . Trial Registration NCT00975026 Clinical Objective . Stress-reducing therapies help maintain cognitive performance during stress . Aromatherapy is popular for stress reduction , but its effectiveness and mechanism are unclear . This study examined stress-reducing effects of aromatherapy on cognitive function using the go/no-go ( GNG ) task performance and event related potentials ( ERP ) components sensitive to stress . The study also assessed the importance of expectancy in aromatherapy actions . Methods . 81 adults were r and omized to 3 aroma groups ( active experimental , detectable , and undetectable placebo ) and 2 prime subgroups ( prime suggesting stress-reducing aroma effects or no-prime )  . GNG performance , ERPs , subjective expected aroma effects , and stress ratings were assessed at baseline and poststress . Results . No specific aroma effects on stress or cognition were observed . However , regardless of experienced aroma , people receiving a prime displayed faster poststress median reaction times than those receiving no prime . A significant interaction for N200 amplitude indicated divergent ERP patterns between baseline and poststress for go and no-go stimuli depending on the prime subgroup . Furthermore , trends for beneficial prime effects were shown on poststress no-go N200/P300 latencies and N200 amplitude . Conclusion . While there were no aroma-specific effects on stress or cognition , these results highlight the role of expectancy for poststress response inhibition and attention BACKGROUND Previous research has identified international and cultural differences in nurses ' workplace stress and coping responses . We hypothesised an association between problem-focused coping and improved health , emotion-focused coping with reduced health , and more frequent workplace stress with reduced health . OBJECTIVES Test the above hypotheses with Australian and New Zeal and nurses , and compare Australian and New Zeal and nurses ' experience of workplace stress , coping and health status . PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING S Three hundred and twenty-eight New South Wales ( NSW ) and 190 New Zeal and ( NZ ) volunteer acute care hospital nurses ( response rate 41 % ) from r and omly sample d nurses . DESIGN AND METHOD Postal survey consisting of a demographic question naire , the Nursing Stress Scale , the WAYS of Coping Question naire and the SF-36 Health Survey Version 2 . RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses , more frequent workplace stress predicted lower physical and mental health . Problem-focused coping was associated with better mental health . Emotion-focused coping was associated with reduced mental health . Contrary to hypotheses , coping styles did not predict physical health . NSW and NZ scored effectively the same on sources of workplace stress , stress coping methods , and physical and mental health when controlling for relevant variables . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest mental health benefits for nurses who use problem-solving to cope with stress by addressing the external source of the stress , rather than emotion-focused coping in which nurses try to control or manage their internal response to stress . Cultural similarities and similar hospital environments could account for equivalent findings for NSW and NZ OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine the effect of massage on  post-cesarean pain and anxiety . METHODS The present single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 156 primiparous women undergone elective cesarean section . The participants were r and omly divided into three groups , including a h and and foot massage group , a foot massage group and a control group  ( n = 52 per group ) . The patients ' intensity of pain , vital signs and anxiety level were measured before , immediately after and 90 min after the massage . RESULTS A significant reduction was observed in the intensity of pain immediately and 90 min after massage ( P < 0.001 ) . Moreover , changes in some of the physiological parameters , including blood pressure and respiration rate , were significant after massage ( P < 0.001 ) ; however , this change was not significant for pulse rate . A significant reduction was also observed in the level of anxiety ( P < 0.001 ) and a significant increase in the frequency of breastfeeding ( P < 0.001 ) after massage . CONCLUSION As an effective nursing intervention presenting no side-effects , h and and foot massage can be helpful in the management of postoperative pain and stress BACKGROUND While massage has been removed from nursing curricula , studies have reported massage as safe and effective for stress reduction , relaxation , pain relief , fatigue , and quality of life . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of two intensities of touch administered during two seated massages on the attitudes of nursing students toward touch for their self-care and patient care . PARTICIPANTS Nursing students who volunteered gave institutional review board-approved written informed consent to undergo massage by a licensed massage therapist . SETTING S/LOCATION A private room adjacent to the nursing lab in a school of nursing . INTERVENTION Brief seated massages of differing intensities . Each participant received low-intensity and high-intensity touch in a two-block , r and omized order , within-subjects design . Linear mixed models nested within subject and r and om intercept analyses were used to test hypotheses in this two-treatment , two-sequence , two-period crossover design . OUTCOME MEASURES Health question naires/visual analogue scales pertaining to physical/affective/ and attitudinal status were completed before and after each massage . RESULTS Twenty-nine participants ( 93 % female , 83 % single ) completed the study . Before massage , the optimal intensity of touch anticipated for self-comfort was 6.6 ( 0=no pressure;10=most intense pressure imaginable ) . The mean touch intensities were 6.7 for high-intensity massage and 0.5 for low-intensity ( p<0.001 ) . The overall percentage differences ( feeling better or worse ) following massage were as follows : low intensity , 37.5 % better ; high intensity , 62.7 % better ( p<0.001 ) . Significantly more improvement was reported for energy , pain , stress , and feeling physically uptight after high-intensity compared with low-intensity ( p<0.03 ) . Participants were more likely to both receive touch for self-care and provide touch for patient care after experiencing high- versus low-intensity massage ( p<0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS High-intensity seated massage was more efficacious than low-intensity massage and positively influenced nursing student attitudes toward the inclusion of massage in self-care/patient care . The role of touch for self-care/patient care in the nursing curricula merits reconsideration AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This research aim ed to evaluate the use of aromatherapy massage and music as an intervention to cope with the occupational stress and anxiety that emergency department staff experience . The study also aim ed to compare any differences in results between a summer and winter 12-week massage plan . BACKGROUND Emergency nurses are subjected to significant stressors during their work and it is known that workloads and patient dem and s influence the role stress has on nurses . The perception that winter months are busier for emergency departments has long been held and there is some evidence that people with cardiac and respiratory dysfunction do present more frequently in the winter months . Massage has been found to decrease staff anxiety . DESIGN The study used a one-group pre-test , post-test quasi-experimental design with r and om assignment . METHOD Staff  occupational stress was assessed pre- and post- 12 weeks of aromatherapy massage with music and anxiety was measured pre and post each massage session . Sick leave was also measured . Comparisons of summer and winter data were undertaken . RESULTS A total of 365 massages were given over two 12-week periods , one during summer and the other during winter . Analysis identified that aromatherapy massage with music significantly reduced anxiety for both seasonal periods . Premassage anxiety was significantly higher in winter than summer . No differences in sick leave and workload were found . There was no difference in the occupational stress levels of nurses following the two 12-week periods of massage . CONCLUSION Emergency nurses were significantly more anxious in winter than summer but this can not be attributed to increased sick leave or workloads .  Aromatherapy massage with music significantly reduced  emergency nurses ' anxiety . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE High levels of anxiety and stress can be detrimental to the physical and emotional health of emergency nurses and the provision of a support mechanism such as on-site massage as an effective strategy should be considered OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of massage therapy in reducing physiological and psychological indicators of stress in nurses employed in an acute care hospital . DESIGN R and omised controlled trial . SETTING Acute care hospital in Queensl and . SUBJECTS Sixty nurses were recruited to the five week study and r and omly assigned to two groups . INTERVENTION A 15 minute back massage once a week . The control group did not receive any therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic information , a life events question naire and a brief medical history of all participants was completed at enrolment . Physiological stress was measured at weeks one , three and five by urinary cortisol and blood pressure readings . Psychological stress levels were measured at weeks one and five with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) . RESULTS Differences in the change in urinary cortisol and blood pressure between the two groups did not reach statistical significance . However , STAI scores decreased over the five weeks for those participants who received a weekly massage . The STAI scores of the control group increased over the five week period . These differences between the groups were statistically significant . CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that massage therapy is a beneficial tool for the health of nurses as it may reduce psychological stress levels . It is recommended that further large studies be conducted to measure the symptoms of stress rather than the physiological signs of stress in nurses The goal of this study is to examine the effects of aromatherapy massage on sleep quality of nurses with monthly rotating night shifts . Subjects were enrolled at a medical center in central Taiwan with overall score ≥ 5 of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) and r and omly assigned to the treatment or control groups . They were vali date d by pretests during their first graveyard shift in the trial period and the sleep quality information was collected by using the PSQI and sleep detectors . During the second graveyard shift , the treatment group received aromatherapy massage and the control group rested in the same aromatherapy room after work . All subjects filled out the PSQI surveys and the sleep quality information was collected during massage or resting and the following night . We found that the total PSQI was significantly decreased in the treatment group following the aromatherapy massage . Specifically , the components such as subjective sleep quality , sleep disturbance , and daytime dysfunction were significantly decreased . However , there were no significant changes of average PSQI scores between the two groups before and after intervention . Taken together , our study suggested that aromatherapy massage  could improve sleep quality of nurses with monthly rotating night shift OBJECTIVES Aromatherapy massage is commonly used for the stress management of healthy individuals , and also has been often employed as a thera 
    Output:
    
Most studies reported that aromatherapy and massage exert a beneficial effect on the stress of nurses .
This review revealed that the evidence does not sufficiently prove that aromatherapy , massage and aromatherapy massage are effective for reducing job-related stress of nurses .