***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Background Benefits of community-based whole-body vibration ( WBV ) as a mode of exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) have not been investigated . The low skill dem and of WBV may enhance habitual sustainability to physical activity by people with COPD , provided efficacy of WBV can be established . The purpose of this trial was to compare a community-based WBV intervention with a sham WBV ( SWBV ) intervention and monitor exacerbations , exercise tolerance , and functional performance of the lower limbs of people with COPD . Methods Community-dwelling adults with a GOLD clinical diagnosis of COPD were recruited to the trial . This was a Phase II efficacy trial with crossover to sham intervention interspersed with two-week washout . Each six-week intervention consisted of two sessions per week of either WBV or SWBV . The interventions were completed in the home of each participant under supervision . The outcome measures were selected psychological ( perceived dyspnoea ) and physiological ( heart rate and oxygen saturation ) responses to exercise , simulated activities of daily living ( timed-up- and got test and 5-chair st and s test ) , and selected kinematic variables of gait across the 14-week trial . Results Sixteen adults with stable COPD were recruited to the trial .  No exacerbations were reported during the WBV or SWBV interventions . After WBV , performance of activities of daily living ( ADLs ) and gait improved ( p ≤ 0.05 ) , while there was no change after SWBV ( p > 0.05 ) . Despite five withdrawals during the washout period , a 100 % compliance to each six-week intervention was noted . Conclusions Results showed that WBV did not exacerbate symptoms of COPD that can be associated with physical inactivity . The WBV intervention improved tests to simulate ADLs such as rising from a chair , turning , and walking gait with greater effect than a SWBV intervention . If a placebo effect was systemic to the WBV intervention , the effect was negligible . As a st and alone community-based intervention , WBV was an efficacious mode of exercise training for people with stable COPD that did not negatively effect exercise tolerance or exacerbate the disease , while concurrently improving functional performance of the lower limbs . Trial registration Australian and New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000508875 Background Exercise intolerance is a common development in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . There is little data on the use of an isolated program using vibration platform training on functional capacity in these patients , which is an area that deserves investigation . Aim To investigate the effect of training on a vibrating platform ( whole-body vibration [ WBV ] ) on functional performance and quality of life of subjects with COPD . Methods A r and omized controlled crossover pilot study with eleven subjects with COPD ( forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]% predicted = 14.63±11.14 ; forced vital capacity [FVC]% predicted = 48.84±15.21 ; FEV1/FVC = 47.39±11.63 ) underwent a 12-week WBV training program . Participants were r and omized into the intervention group ( IG ) undergoing three sessions per week for a total of 12 weeks and control group ( CG ) without intervention . We evaluated the 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) , distance walked ( DW ) , duration of the walk ( TW ) , and index of perceived exertion ( IPE ) , quality of life using St George ’s Respiratory Question naire ( SGRQ ) and developed a 12-week program of training on a vibrating platform . Results The mean age was 62.91±8.82 years old ( 72.7 % male ) .  The DW increased at the end of training with a difference between groups of 75 m ; all domains of the SGRQ improved at the end of training . The effect size Cohen ’s d ranged from small to large for all the measured results . Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that WBV may potentially be a safe and feasible way to improve functional capacity in the 6MWT of patients with COPD undergoing a training program on the vibrating platform as well as in all domains of the SGRQ quality of life . However , further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to establish the long-term effect on functional capacity and quality of life in these patients Background The potential of whole-body vibration ( WBV ) as a mode of dyspnoea free physical activity for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is unknown among community-based setting s. Furthermore , the acute effects of WBV on people with COPD have not been profiled in community-based setting s. The aim of this community-based proof-of-concept trial was to describe acute effects of WBV by profiling subjective and objective responses to physical activity . Findings Seventeen community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited to participate in two sessions ; WBV and sham WBV ( SWBV ) . Each session consisted of five one-minute bouts interspersed with five one-minute passive rest periods . The gravitational force was ~2.5 g for WBV and ~0.0 g for SWBV . Reliability of baseline dyspnoea , heart rate , and oxygen saturation was first established and then profiled for both sessions . Acute responses to both WBV and SWBV were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance and repeated contrasts . Small changes in dyspnoea and oxygen saturation lacked subjective and clinical meaningfulness . One session of WBV and SWBV significantly increased heart rate ( p ≤ 0.02 ) , although there was no difference among WBV and SWBV ( p = 0.67 ) . Conclusions This community-based proof-of-concept trial showed that a session of WBV can be completed with the absence of dyspnoea for people with COPD . Furthermore , there were no meaningful differences among WBV and SWBV for heart rate and oxygen saturation . There is scope for long-term community-based intervention research using WBV given the known effects of WBV on peripheral muscle function and functional independence BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) often present with severe acute exacerbations requiring hospital treatment . However , little is known about the prognostic consequences of these exacerbations . A study was undertaken to investigate whether severe acute exacerbations of COPD exert a direct effect on mortality . METHODS Multivariate techniques were used to analyse the prognostic influence of acute exacerbations of COPD treated in hospital ( visits to the emergency service and admissions ) , patient age , smoking , body mass index , co-morbidity , long term oxygen therapy , forced spirometric parameters , and arterial blood gas tensions in a prospect i ve cohort of 304 men with COPD followed up for 5 years . The mean ( SD ) age of the patients was 71 ( 9 ) years and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 46 (17)% . RESULTS Only older age ( hazard ratio ( HR ) 5.28 , 95 % CI 1.75 to 15.93 ) , arterial carbon dioxide tension ( HR 1.07 , 95 % CI 1.02 to 1.12 ) , and acute exacerbations of COPD were found to be independent indicators of a poor prognosis . The patients with the greatest mortality risk were those with three or more acute COPD exacerbations ( HR 4.13 , 95 % CI 1.80 to 9.41 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that severe acute exacerbations of COPD have an independent negative impact on patient prognosis . Mortality increases with the frequency of severe exacerbations , particularly if these require admission to hospital Disease progression in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) leads to muscle wasting and loss of muscle function . The aim of this prospect i ve pilot study was to evaluate the effects of whole body vibration ( WBV ) on muscle function in adult patients with CF . Ten patients ( three males ; seven females ) of the CF Center Cologne , Germany , have completed the 3-month study ( age : 24–47 years ; forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1 ) 17–109 % predicted ( 49±29 ) and body mass index ( BMI ) 16.6–24.4 kg/m2 ( 19.3±2.5 ) .  WBV was provided by a vibration platform ( Galileo 2000 ) . The patients were st and ing in an upright position receiving vertical vibration of frequencies between 20 and 25 Hz . The vibration exercise evokes muscle contractions via stretch reflexes improving muscular activity . The training schedule consisted of three 3-min sessions twice a day , 5 days per week for 3 months . Every 4 weeks the following tests were carried out : FEV1 , forced vital capacity ( FVC ) , BMI , chair-rising test ( CRT ) , one-leg and two-leg jump test as well as maximal isometric grip force . The study has been approved by the local ethics committee . After 3 months of WBV all parameters in the CRT significantly improved : chair-rising time ( P=0.03 ) , maximal force ( P=0.02 ) , maximal power ( P=0.01 ) as well as velocity ( P=0.02 ) . The peak jump force ( P=0.02 ) and velocity ( P=0.01 ) of the two-leg jump significantly improved . Parameters in the one-leg jump as well as maximal isometric grip force showed no significant improvement . Weight and BMI showed a slightly positive trend whereas FEV1 and FVC did not significantly change . Any change in mechanographic parameters did not correlate with FEV1 or FVC in this study . These results demonstrate that WBV can improve muscle function in CF patients Background Patients with stable COPD show improvements in exercise capacity and muscular function after the application of whole body vibration . We aim ed to evaluate whether this modality added to conventional physiotherapy in exacerbated hospitalised COPD patients would be safe and would improve exercise capacity and quality of life . Methods 49 hospitalised exacerbated COPD patients were r and omized ( 1:1 ) to undergo physiotherapy alone or physiotherapy with the addition of whole body vibration . The primary endpoint was the between-group difference of the 6-minute walking test ( day of discharge – day of admission ) . Secondary assessment s included chair rising test , quality of life , and serum marker analysis . Results Whole body vibration did not cause procedure-related adverse events . Compared to physiotherapy alone , it led to significantly stronger improvements in 6-minute walking test ( 95.55 ± 76.29 m vs. 6.13 ± 81.65 m ; p = 0.007 ) and St. Georges Respiratory Question naire ( -6.43 ± 14.25 vs. 5.59 ± 19.15 , p = 0.049 ) . Whole body vibration increased the expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma coactivator-1-α and serum levels of irisin , while it decreased serum interleukin-8 . Conclusion Whole body vibration during hospitalised exacerbations did not cause procedure-related adverse events and induced clinical ly significant benefits regarding exercise capacity and health-related quality of life that were associated with increased serum levels of irisin , a marker of muscle activity . Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005979 . Registered 17 March 2014 Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is a respiratory condition characterised by dyspnoea , excessive sputum production , chronic cough , bronchitis and emphysema . Functionally , exercise tolerance is poor for people with COPD and is linked to difficulty in performing daily tasks . More specifically , exercise difficulties are due partly to dyspnoea and lower limb skeletal muscle dysfunction . The benefit of exercise that does not exacerbate the disease while improving exercise tolerance is salient . Whole-body vibration ( WBV ) is a mode of physical activity known to improve muscular function of the lower limbs , yet efficacy has not been investigated for a WBV intervention conducted in a home-based setting for people with COPD . Methods / design This clinical ly registered trial is a non-r and omised placebo cross-over intervention based in the home of each participant ( ACTRN12612000508875 ) . Participants diagnosed with COPD will complete a six-week WBV intervention and then after a two-week washout period , will complete a six-week placebo training intervention . Participants will complete sessions twice a week . The duration of the trial is 14 weeks . Community-dwelling older adults with COPD will provide informed voluntary consent to participate . Outcome measures will include immediate , acute , and long-term responses to exercise . Discussion Quantifying responses to WBV among people with COPD will allow discussion of efficacy of WBV as a mode of physical activity . The skill required by the participant to perform physical activity with WBV is not dem and ing and may enhance habitual sustainability . The results of this trial could be used to support further research in both clinical and community setting s . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR12612000508875 Background To examine the effects of whole body vibration ( WBV ) exposure on muscle function in children with Cystic Fibrosis ( CF ) . Non-r and omised controlled cross-over trial . Methods The setting was home-based WBV exposure . The participants were children ( 8 - 15 years ) with CF ( n = 7 ) . 
    Output:
    
Whole body vibration led to significant improvements in functional exercise capacity measured with six minutes walking test .
Nearly no adverse events were observed .
Conclusion : Whole body vibration may improve functional exercise capacity and quality of life in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
There was insufficient evidence to prove the effects of whole body vibration on pulmonary function