***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES --To determine whether a single high dose of vitamin A given to all children in communities with high mortality and malnutrition could affect mortality and to assess whether periodic community wide supplementation could be readily incorporated into an ongoing primary health programme . DESIGN --Opportunistic controlled trial . SETTING --Jumla district , Nepal . SUBJECTS -- All children aged under 5 years ; 3786 in eight subdistricts given single dose of vitamin A and 3411 in remaining eight subdistricts given no supplementation .  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES --Mortality and cause of death in the five months after supplementation . RESULTS --Risk of death for children aged 1 - 59 months in supplemented communities was 26 % lower ( relative risk 0.74 , 95 % confidence interval 0.55 to 0.99 ) than in unsupplemented communities . The reduction in mortality was greatest among children aged 6 - 11 months : death rate ( deaths/1000 child years at risk ) was 133.8 in supplemented children and 260.8 in unsupplemented children ( relative risk 0.51 , 0.30 to 0.89 ) . The death rate from diarrhoea was also reduced ( 63.5 supplemented v 97.5 unsupplemented ; relative risk 0.65 , 0.44 to 0.95 ) . The extra cost per death averted was about $ 11 . CONCLUSION --The results support a role for Vitamin A in increasing child survival . The supplementation programme was readily integrated with the ongoing community health programme at little extra cost A prospect i ve study was conducted in slum children to determine the incidence of post-measles corneal disease and to clarify its relationship with nutritional status . A total of 318 cases of measles were identified over a period of 15 mo ; maximum incidence was observed for children between 1 - 2 yr . Most of the children showed weight loss and serum proteins decrease during the acute stage of measles . Corneal lesions were observed in 3 % of the children , and the lesions responded well to treatment . Serum vitamin A and RBP levels were significantly depressed during the acute stage of measles but were restored to normal 8 wk after recovery . There were no significant differences in the serum levels for those with and without eye lesions , which suggests that these lesions may not be mediated simply through the effect of infection on serum concentration of vitamin A cross-sectional study , a follow-up study , and an intervention trial were carried out to investigate the association between mild vitamin A deficiency and the occurrence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases .  Cross-sectional analysis was performed among 1,772 children , aged 1 - 8 years , in the Sakon Nakhon province of northeastern Thail and . Children with a history of diarrhea or respiratory disease had lower levels of serum retinol and retinol-binding protein . Adjusted for age , sex , nutritional status , and level of urbanization , logistic regression using data for 877 children showed a negative association between serum retinol and both diarrhea and respiratory diseases . A follow-up three months later ( n = 146 children ) showed that children with deficient serum retinol ( less than 0.35 mumol/liter ) had a fourfold greater risk of respiratory disease ( p less than 0.01 ) . No relation was found for diarrhea . An intervention trial ( n = 166 children aged 1 - 5 years ) showed that , during 2 months of follow-up after administration of oral vitamin A ( 200,000 IU ) , the control group ( aged 3 - 5 years ) had a higher incidence of respiratory disease ( 2.9 times ) as well as diarrhea ( 3.1 times ) . Between 2 and 4 months , a significantly ( p less than 0.025 ) higher incidence of respiratory diseases ( 2.5 times ) could be observed in children aged 1 - 2 years . This study supports earlier reports on a greater risk of respiratory diseases and of diarrhea in mild vitamin A deficiency .  Supplementation reduced the incidence of both diarrhea and respiratory disease for a period of at least 2 months Community trials of the efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in reducing  preschool childhood mortality  have produced conflicting results . To resolve the question , a r and omised , double-masked , placebo-controlled community trial of 28,630 children aged 6 - 72 months was carried out in rural Nepal , an area representative of the Gangetic flood plain of South Asia . R and omisation was carried out by administrative ward ; the vitamin-A-supplemented children received 60,000 retinol equivalents every 4 months and placebo-treated children received identical capsules containing 300 retinol equivalents . After 12 months , the relative risk of death in the vitamin-A-supplemented compared with the control group was 0.70 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.56 - 0.88 ) , equivalent to a 30 % reduction in mortality . The trial , which had been planned to last 2 years , was discontinued . The reduction in mortality was present in both sexes ( relative risk for boys 0.77 ; for girls 0.65 ) , at all ages ( range of relative risks 0.83 - 0.50 ) , and throughout the year ( 0.76 - 0.67 ) . The reduction in mortality risk was not affected by acute nutritional status , as measured by arm circumference . Thus , periodic vitamin A delivery in the community can greatly reduce child mortality in developing countries 
    Output:
    
There was no evidence that vitamin A in a single dose was associated with a reduced risk of mortality  among children with measles .
Although we found no overall significant reduction in mortality with vitamin A therapy for children with measles there was evidence that two doses were associated with a reduced risk of mortality and pneumonia-specific mortality in children under the age of two years .