***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Research suggests that patients with cancer , particularly in the palliative care setting , are increasingly using aromatherapy and massage . There is good evidence that these therapies may be helpful for anxiety reduction for short periods , but few studies have looked at the longer term effects . This study was design ed to compare the effects of four-week courses of aromatherapy massage and massage alone on physical and psychological symptoms in patients with advanced cancer . Forty-two patients were r and omly allocated to receive weekly massages with lavender essential oil and an inert carrier oil ( aromatherapy group ) , an inert carrier oil only ( massage group ) or no intervention . Outcome measures included a Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) of pain intensity , the Verran and Snyder-Halpern ( VSH ) sleep scale , the Hospital Anxiety and Depression ( HAD ) scale and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist ( RSCL ) . We were unable to demonstrate any significant long-term benefits of aromatherapy or massage in terms of improving pain control , anxiety or quality of life . However , sleep scores improved significantly in both the massage and the combined massage ( aromatherapy and massage ) groups . There were also statistically significant reductions in depression scores in the massage group . In this study of patients with advanced cancer , the addition of lavender essential oil did not appear to increase the beneficial effects of massage . Our results do suggest , however , that patients with high levels of psychological distress  respond best to these therapies Results of the pilot study of the four counties r and omised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage with 1 % Santalum album ( S and alwood ) ( group A ) when compared with massage with Sweet Almond Carrier oil , ( group B ) or S and alwood oil via an aromastone ( group C ) , in reducing levels of anxiety in palliative care . The aims of the pilot study were to evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy  in reducing anxiety in patients receiving palliative care in four counties . The primary end points of the research were to report a statistically significant difference in anxiety scores between experimental group ( B ) and comparison groups ( A and C ) and to influence the integration of aromatherapy into all aspects of palliative care . The limited data of the pilot study ( N=34 ) tested the logistics of the research , particularly the 25 % attrition rate and the robustness of the data collection tools . The results were not substantial enough to generate coherent statistics . Therefore no assumptions could be drawn from these results due to the inconsistencies that were bound to occur in such a small sample . However , the results do seem to support the notion that S and alwood oil is effective in reducing anxiety The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the essential oils of orange and lavender on anxiety , mood , alertness and calmness in dental patients . Two hundred patients between the ages of 18 and 77 years ( half women , half men ) were assigned to one of four independent groups . While waiting for dental procedures patients were either stimulated with ambient odor of orange or ambient odor of lavender . These conditions were compared to a music condition and a control condition ( no odor , no music ) . Anxiety , mood , alertness and calmness were assessed while patients waited for dental treatment . Statistical analyses revealed that compared to control condition both ambient odors of orange and lavender reduced anxiety and improved mood in patients waiting for dental treatment . These findings support the previous opinion that odors are capable of altering emotional states and may indicate that the use of odors is helpful in reducing anxiety in dental patients CONTEXT Interest in the use of alternative therapies to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing medical interventions is increasing . We sought to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy involving essential oils in reducing preoperative anxiety in women undergoing abortions . SETTING An urban , free-st and ing abortion clinic in Vancouver , BC . PATIENTS 66 women waiting for surgical abortions . DESIGN A double blind , r and omized trial . INTERVENTION Ten minutes spent sniffing a numbered container with either a mixture of the essential oils vetivert , bergamot , and geranium ( treatment arm ) or a hair conditioner ( placebo ) . OUTCOME MEASURES Anxiety was measured before and after the intervention by using a verbal anxiety scale from 0 to 10 . RESULTS The anxiety score was reduced by 1.0 point ( 5.0 to 4.0 ) in the aromatherapy group and by 1.1 points ( 6.1 to 5.0 ) in the placebo group ( P = 0.71 ) . The 95 % CI on the 0.1 greater decrease in anxiety for the placebo group extends from 0.55 less ( favors aromatherapy ) to 0.75 greater ( favors placebo ) . CONCLUSION Aromatherapy involving essential oils is no more effective than having patients sniff other pleasant odors in reducing preprocedure anxiety OBJECTIVE Melissa officinalis ( lemon balm ) and Valeriana officinalis ( valerian ) have been used both traditionally and contemporaneously as mild sedatives , anxiolytics and hypnotics . Recent research has suggested that both may attenuate laboratory induced stress . As the two herbs are most often sold in combination with each other the current study assessed the anxiolytic properties of such a combination during laboratory-induced stress . METHODS In this double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized , balanced cross-over experiment , 24 healthy volunteers received three separate single doses ( 600 mg , 1200 mg , 1800 mg ) of a st and ardized product containing M. officinalis and V. officinalis extracts , plus a placebo , on separate days separated by a 7 day wash out period . Modulation of mood and anxiety were assessed during pre-dose and 1 h , 3 h and 6 h post-dose completions of a 20 min version of the Defined Intensity Stressor Simulation ( DISS ) battery . Cognitive performance on the four concurrent tasks of the battery was also assessed . RESULTS The results showed that the 600 mg dose of the combination ameliorated the negative effects of the DISS on ratings of anxiety . However , the highest dose ( 1800 mg ) showed an increase in anxiety that was less marked but which reached significance during one testing session . In addition , all three doses led to decrements in performance on the Stroop task module within the battery , and the two lower doses led to decrements on the overall score generated on the DISS battery . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis possesses anxiolytic properties that deserve further investigation This study examined the effect of aromatherapy-massage in healthy postpartum mothers . A quasi-experimental between-groups design was used . Mothers who received aromatherapy-massage  were compared with a control group who received st and ard postpartum care . Thirty-six healthy , first-time mothers with vaginal delivery of a full-term , healthy infant participated in this study . Sixteen mothers received a 30-minute aromatherapy-massage on the second postpartum day ; 20 mothers were in the control group . All mothers completed the following four st and ardized question naires before and after the intervention : 1 ) Maternity Blues Scale ; 2 ) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; 3 ) Profile of Mood States ( POMS ) ; and 4 ) Feeling toward Baby Scale . In the aromatherapy-massage group , posttreatment scores significantly decreased for the Maternity Blues Scale , the State-Anxiety Inventory , and all but one of the Profile of Mood States subscales . Posttreatment scores in the intervention group significantly increased in Profile of Mood States-Vigor subscale and the Approach Feeling toward Baby subscale . Scores in the intervention group significantly decreased in Conflict Index of Avoidance/Approach Feeling toward Baby subscale . Our results suggest that aromatherapy-massage might be an effective intervention for postpartum mothers to improve physical and mental status and to facilitate mother-infant interaction PURPOSE To test the effectiveness of supplementing usual supportive care with aromatherapy massage in the management of  anxiety and depression in cancer patients through a pragmatic two-arm r and omized controlled trial in four United Kingdom cancer centers and a hospice . PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred eighty-eight cancer patients , referred to complementary therapy services with clinical anxiety and /or depression , were allocated r and omly to a course of aromatherapy massage or usual supportive care alone . RESULTS Patients who received aromatherapy massage had no significant improvement in clinical anxiety and /or depression compared with those receiving usual care at 10 weeks postr and omization ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.3 ; 95 % CI , 0.9 to 1.7 ; P = .1 ) , but did at 6 weeks postr and omization ( OR , 1.4 ; 95 % CI , 1.1 to 1.9 ; P = .01 ) . Patients receiving aromatherapy massage also described greater improvement in self-reported anxiety at both 6 and 10 weeks postr and omization ( OR , 3.4 ; 95 % CI , 0.2 to 6.7 ; P = .04 and OR , 3.4 ; 95 % CI , 0.2 to 6.6 ; P = .04 ) , respectively . CONCLUSION Aromatherapy massage does not appear to confer benefit on cancer patients '  anxiety and /or depression  in the long-term , but is associated with clinical ly important benefit up to 2 weeks after the intervention The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of water , lavender , or rosemary scent on physiology and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task . The nonsmoking participants , ages 18–30 years , included 42 women and 31 men who reported demographic information and measures of external temperature and heart rate were taken prior to introduction of an anxiety-eliciting task and exposure to lavender , rosemary , or water scents .  Following the task , participants completed the Profile of Mood States to assess mood , and temperature and heart rate were reassessed . Participants rated the pleasantness of the scent received . When pleasantness ratings of scent were covaried , physiological changes in temperature and heart rate did not differ based on scent exposure , but mood ratings differed by scent condition . Participants in the rosemary condition scored higher on measures of tension – anxiety and confusion – bewilderment relative to the lavender and control conditions . The lavender and control conditions showed higher mean vigor – activity ratings relative to the rosemary group , while both rosemary and lavender scents were associated with lower mean ratings on the fatigue – inertia subscale , relative to the control group . These results suggest that , when individual perception of scent pleasantness is controlled , scent has the potential to moderate different aspects of mood following an anxiety-provoking task OBJECTIVE The objective is to identify whether single 20 min massage sessions were safe and effective in reducing stress levels of isolated haematological oncology patients . DESIGN Based on a r and omised controlled trial , 39 patients were r and omised to aromatherapy , massage or rest ( control ) arm . MEASURES The measures were serum cortisol and prolactin levels , quality of life ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) and semi-structured interviews . Primary outcome measure was the fall in serum cortisol levels . RESULTS A significant difference was seen between arms in cortisol ( P=0.002 ) and prolactin ( p=0.031 ) levels from baseline to 30 min post-session . Aromatherapy and massage arms showed a significantly greater drop in cortisol than the rest arm . Only the massage arm had a significantly greater reduction in prolactin then the rest arm . The EORTC QLQ-C30 showed a significant reduction in ' need for rest ' for patients in both experimental arms compared with the control arm , whereas the semi-structured interviews identified a universal feeling of relaxation in patients in the experimental arms . CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrated that in isolated haematological oncology patients , a significant reduction in cortisol could be safely achieved through massage , with associated improvement in psychological well-being . The implication s are discussed The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of aromatherapy to reduce  anxiety prior to a scheduled colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy . A controlled , prospect i ve study was done on a convenience sample of 118 patients . The “ state ” component of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) was used to evaluate patients ' anxiety levels pre- and postaromatherapy . The control group was given an inert oil ( placebo ) for inhalation , and the experimental group was given the essential oil , lavender , for inhalation . The STAI state anxiety raw score revealed that patients were at the 99th ( women ) and 96th ( men ) percentiles for anxiety . The intervention group and the control group had similar levels of state anxiety prior to the beginning of the study ( t[116 ] = .47 , p = .64 ) . There was no difference in state anxiety levels between pre- and postplacebo inhalation in the control group ( t[112 ] = .48 , p = .63 ) . There was no statistical difference in state anxiety levels between pre- and postlavender inhalation in the experimental group ( t[120 ] = .73 , p = .47 ) . Although this study did not show aromatherapy to be effective based on statistical analysis , patients did generally report the lavender scent to be pleasant . Lavender is an inexpensive and popular technique for relaxation that can be offered to patients as an opportunity to promote preprocedural stress reduction in a hospital setting Benzodiazepines remain widely used for the treatment of anxiety disorders despite prominent , often limiting side effects including sedation , muscle relaxation , and ataxia . A compound producing a robust anxiolytic action comparable to benzodiazepines , but lacking these limiting side effects at therapeutic doses ( an anxioselective agent ) , would represent an important advance in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder , and perhaps other anxiety disorders . Here we report that the pyrazolo[1,5 
    Output:
    
Most of the studies indicated positive effects to quell anxiety .
It is recommended that aromatherapy could be applied as a complementary therapy for people with anxiety symptoms .