***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess whether identification of subjects with different susceptibility to plaque-induced gingival inflammation  is dependent on the length of time of de novo plaque accumulation . METHODS Retrospective analysis of data obtained from a recently reported r and omized split-mouth localized experimental gingivitis trial involving 96 healthy non-smokers .  Gingival and plaque index , gingival crevicular fluid volume ( GCF ) , angulated bleeding score , and the derived parameter cumulative plaque exposure ( CPE )  were recorded at days 0 , 7 , 14 , and 21 . The primary outcome variable to express severity of inflammation was GCF and each subject was a statistical unit . Based on subject distribution of GCF-day 21 residuals after st and ardization for CPE-day 21 , two sub- population s ( upper and lower distribution quartiles ) were selected . They were , respectively , defined as " high responders " ( HR ) ( n=24 ) and " low responders " ( LR ) ( n=24 ) and characterized by significantly different severity of gingivitis to similar amounts of plaque deposits . The same analysis was repeated at days 7 and 14 . Prevalence of HR and LR was compared between days using the chi(2 ) [ ML ] test . RESULTS For both day 7 and day 14 , the quartile distribution of LR and HR was statistically significant ( p=0.02 ) . Fifty percent of LR and 71 % of HR presented a consistent level of susceptibility to plaque-induced gingival inflammation even after only 7 and /or 14 days of plaque accumulation . CONCLUSIONS These findings support the concept that the subject-based susceptibility to plaque-induced gingival inflammation is an individual trait , only partly related to the length of time of exposure to plaque BACKGROUND Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are linked to the presence of several key pathogens . The treatment of these infectious processes therefore involves the reduction/eradication of bacteria associated with periodontitis . METHODS This prospect i ve , split-mouth , single-blind study followed the colonization of ' pristine ' sulci created in 42 partially edentulous patients during implant surgery ( e.g. abutment connection ) . The hypothesis was that the composition of the maturing subgingival plaque in these ' fresh ' peri-implant pockets would soon ( within 2 weeks ) be comparable to the subgingival microbiota of teeth with similar clinical parameters ( reference sites ) , including the presence of bacteria associated with periodontitis . Per patient , four subgingival plaque sample s were taken from shallow and medium pockets around implants ( test sites ) , and teeth within the same quadrant ( undisturbed microbiota as control sites ) , 1 , 2 , 4 , 13 , 26 and 78 weeks after abutment connection , respectively . The sample s were analysed by either checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization , or cultural techniques , or real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) for intra-subject comparisons ( teeth vs. implant , for comparable probing depths ) . RESULTS Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and real-time PCR revealed a complex microbiota ( including several pathogenic species ) in the peri-implant pockets within 2 weeks after abutment connection . After 7 days , the detection frequency for most species ( including the bacteria associated with periodontitis ) was already nearly identical in sample s from the fresh peri-implant pockets ( 5 % and 20 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) when compared with sample s from the reference teeth . Afterwards ( e.g. between weeks 2 and 13 ) , the number of bacteria in peri-implant pockets only slightly increased ( + /-0.1 log value ) , with minor changes in the relative proportions of bacteria associated with periodontitis ( 8 % and 33 % of the microbiota belonging to red and orange complex , respectively ) . Although small differences were seen between teeth and implants at week 2 with cultural techniques , a striking similarity in subgingival microbiota was found with this technique from month 3 on , with nearly identical detection frequencies for bacteria associated with periodontitis for both abutment types . CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the initial colonization of peri-implant pockets with bacteria associated with periodontitis occurs within 2 weeks OBJECTIVE To monitor clinical , microbiological and host-derived alterations occurring around teeth and titanium implants during the development of experimental gingivitis/mucositis and their respective healing sequence in humans . MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen subjects with healthy or treated periodontal conditions and restored with dental implants underwent an experimental 3-week period of undisturbed plaque accumulation in the m and ible . Subsequently , a 3-week period with optimal plaque control was instituted . At Days 0 , 7 , 14 , 21 , 28 , 35 and 42 , the presence/absence of plaque deposits around teeth and implants was assessed , ( plaque index [ PlI ] ) and the gingival/mucosal conditions were evaluated ( gingival index[GI ] ) . Subgingival/submucosal plaque sample s and gingival/mucosal crevicular fluid ( CF ) sample s were collected from two pre-determined sites around each experimental unit . CF sample s were analyzed for matrix-metalloproteinase-8 ( MMP-8 ) and interleukin-1beta ( IL-1β ) . Microbial sample s were analyzed using DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 species . RESULTS During 3 weeks of plaque accumulation , the median PlI and GI increased significantly at implants and teeth . Implant sites yielded a greater increase in the median GI compared with tooth sites . Over the 6-week experimental period , the CF levels of MMP-8 were statistically significantly higher at implants compared with teeth ( P<0.05 ) . The CF IL-1β levels did not differ statistically significantly between teeth and implants ( P>0.05 ) . No differences in the total DNA counts between implant and tooth sites were found at any time points . No differences in the detection frequency were found for putative periodontal pathogens between implant and tooth sites . CONCLUSION Peri-implant soft tissues developed a stronger inflammatory response to experimental plaque accumulation when compared with that of their gingival counterparts . Experimental gingivitis and peri-implant mucositis were reversible at the biomarker level . Clinical ly , however , 3 weeks of resumed plaque control did not yield pre-experimental levels of gingival and peri-implant mucosal health indicating that longer healing periods are needed Objective To assess 1 ) the quality of reporting r and omised clinical trials in dental ( RCT -Ds ) and medical research ( RCT -Ms ) , 2 ) the quality of RCT reports in relation to the journal impact factor , 3 ) the source of funding , and 4 ) the quality of RCT -Ds in different areas of dental research . Design R and om sample s of 100 RCT -Ds and 100 RCT -Ms published in 1999 were evaluated for quality of reporting under blinded conditions with the Jadad quality assessment scale . In addition , correlation between the quality scores and journal impact factor or source of funding , as well as area of dental research were analysed . Results The quality of RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms published in 1999 was generally inadequate . The quality was largely equivalent in RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms . There was no correlation between the quality scores and the journal impact factor or the source of funding . Some differences were found in the quality scores between different areas of dental research . Conclusions The results from these RCT -Ds and RCT -Ms show that most of them were imperfect in the reporting of methodology and trial conduct . There is a clear need to improve the quality of trial reporting in dental and medical research OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an additional full-mouth disinfection results in a greater clinical and microbiological improvement compared with sole mechanical debridement within one session in patients with peri-implant mucositis and treated chronic periodontitis . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 13 partially edentulous patients ( mean age 51.5 years ) with treated chronic periodontitis and 36 dental implants with mucositis ( bleeding on probing and /or a gingival index > or = 1 at least at one site at baseline , absence of peri-implant bone loss during the last 2 years before baseline ) . After r and omized assignment to a test and a control group , patients received a one-stage full-mouth scaling with or without chlorhexidine . Clinical and microbiological examination was performed at baseline , after 1 , 2 , 4 and 8 months . Additional microbial sample s were taken 24 h after treatment . Microbiological analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction . RESULTS Both treatment modalities result ed in significant reductions of probing depth at implant sites after 8 months , with no significant group differences . The bacteria at implants and teeth could be reduced in every group 24 h after treatment ; however , this reduction was not significant after 8 months . CONCLUSIONS Both treatment modalities led to an improvement of the clinical parameters and a temporary reduction of the microflora at implants with mucositis , but without significant inter-group differences after 8 months AIM To compare the effectiveness of two anti-infective protocol s for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with one implant diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis ( bleeding on probing [ BOP ] with no loss of supporting bone ) were r and omly assigned to a control or test group . Following an assessment of baseline parameters ( probing depth , BOP , suppuration , presence of plaque ) , all patients received non-surgical mechanical debridement at the implant sites and were instructed to brush around the implant twice daily using a gel provided for a period of 4 weeks . The test group ( 15 patients ) received a chlorhexidine gel ( 0.5 % ) , and the control group ( 14 patients ) received a placebo gel . The study was performed double blind . After 4 weeks , patients were instructed to discontinue using the gel and to continue with routine oral hygiene at the implant sites . Baseline parameters were repeated at 1 and 3 months . RESULTS At 1 month , there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of sites with BOP and mean probing depth measurements at implants in both groups . There were also some statistically significant changes in these parameters from 1 to 3 months . However , there were no statistically significant differences between test and control groups . One month following treatment , 76 % of implants had a reduction in BOP . Complete resolution of BOP at 3 months was achieved in 38 % of the treated implants . The presence of a submucosal restoration margin result ed in significantly lower reductions in probing depth following treatment . CONCLUSIONS Non-surgical debridement and oral hygiene were effective in reducing peri-implant mucositis , but did not always result in complete resolution of inflammation . Adjunctive chlorhexidine gel application did not enhance the results compared with mechanical cleansing alone . Implants with supramucosal restoration margins showed greater therapeutic improvement compared with those with submucosal restoration margins OBJECTIVE The objective of the present clinical study was to assess the effect of the use of a dentifrice containing triclosan on peri-implant mucositis in subjects that had been restored with dental implants . METHODS The trial was design ed as a double-blind , r and omized , two-treatment , parallel-group clinical study . Sixty male and female subjects , aged 30 - 70 years , were recruited . All subjects had lost teeth due to periodontal disease , and had been restored with a minimum of two implants at least one year prior to the start of the trial . Subjects were r and omly assigned to two treatment groups . The subjects in the test group ( Test ) brushed their teeth and implant-supported restorations with a dentifrice containing triclosan , while the control subjects brushed with a sodium fluoride dentifrice .  Only subjects with a minimum of one implant site showing clinical signs of peri-implant mucositis , i.e. , bleeding after probing , were enrolled in the study . Clinical examinations were performed at baseline , and after three and six months . The following parameters were scored : Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , bleeding on probing ( BoP ) , and plaque . The change from baseline within each treatment group at three months and six months was evaluated for all parameters using ANOVA and ANCOVA . RESULTS Subjects with peri-implant mucositis who used a dentifrice containing 0.3 % triclosan , as an adjunct to mechanical tooth brushing , exhibited significantly fewer clinical signs of inflammation than subjects who used a regular fluoride dentifrice at six months . The BoP scores were reduced from 53.8 % to 29.1 % in the Test group , whereas in the same interval there was an increase from 52.3 % to 58.8 % in the Control group . Furthermore , the individual mean PPD , as well as the frequency of sites with 5 mm and > or = 6 mm deep pockets , were reduced significantly more in the Test than in the Control group . CONCLUSION The regular use of a dentifrice containing triclosan may reduce the clinical signs of inflammation in the mucosa adjacent to dental implants 
    Output:
    
Neither of studied treatments gave complete resolution of peri-implant mucositis .
Different treatment strategies need to be studied .