***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Mounting evidence suggests that smokers living with HIV/AIDS have a significantly increased risk of numerous adverse health outcomes ( both AIDS- and non-AIDS-related ) compared with HIV-positive nonsmokers . Therefore , efforts to design and implement effective cessation programs for this ever-growing special population are warranted . The present study assessed the effects of a cell phone intervention ( CPI ) on hypothesized mediators ( i.e. , changes in depression , anxiety , social support , and self-efficacy ) demonstrated to influence cessation outcomes in other population s. Ninety-five participants from an inner-city AIDS clinic were r and omized to receive either the CPI or recommended st and ard of care ( RSOC ) smoking cessation treatment . Participants r and omized to the RSOC group ( n=47 ) received brief advice to quit , a 10-week supply of nicotine patches , and self-help material s. Participants r and omized to the CPI group ( n=48 ) received RSOC components plus a series of eight proactive counseling sessions delivered via cell phones . A series of regression analyses ( linear and logistic ) was used to assess the relationships between treatment group , the hypothesized mediators , and biochemically confirmed smoking cessation outcomes . Results indicated that the CPI group experienced greater reductions in anxiety and depression , and increases in self-efficacy compared with the RSOC group . Further , changes in depression , anxiety , and self-efficacy weakened the association between treatment group and cessation outcome . The mediator hypothesis , however , for social support was rejected , as the difference score was not significantly associated with treatment group . These results suggest that the efficacy of the CPI is at least partially mediated by its ability to decrease symptoms of distress while increasing self-efficacy To determine whether MBSR groups would help gay men living with HIV improve psychosocial functioning and increase mindfulness compared to treatment-as-usual ( TAU ) . Methods : 117 participants were r and omized 2:1 to MBSR or TAU . No new psychosocial or psychopharmacological interventions were initiated within 2 months of baseline . St and ardized question naires were administered pre- , postintervention and at 6 months . An intent-to-treat analysis found significant benefits of MBSR : at post-intervention and 6 months follow up , MBSR participants had significantly lower avoidance in IES and higher positive affect compared to controls . MBSR participants developed more mindfulness as measured by the Toronto Mindfulness Scale ( TMS ) including both TMS subscales , curiosity and decentering , at 8-week and 6 months . For the sample as a whole , increase in mindfulness was significantly correlated with reduction in avoidance , higher positive affect and improvement in depression at 6 months . MBSR has specific and clinical ly meaningful effects in this population OBJECTIVE Examined the effects of Structural Ecosystems Therapy ( SET ) , a family intervention for women living with HIV or AIDS , compared to a psycho-educational health group ( HG ) intervention , and reciprocal relationships between women and family members . METHOD Women ( n = 126 ) and their family members ( n = 269 ) were r and omized to one of two conditions and assessed every 4 months for 12 months . Family functioning , drug use , and psychological distress was reported by multiple family members . RESULTS Multilevel growth curve modeling showed a different family functioning trajectory between SET and HG , B = -0.05 , SE = 0.02 , p < .01 . There was no intervention effect on the trajectory of family-level drug abstinence or psychological distress , but there was a significant difference in the trajectory of psychological distress after controlling for change in family functioning , B = -0.28 , SE = 0.13 , p < .05 . There was an indirect effect from treatment through change in family functioning to change in psychological distress , B = 0.29 , SE = 0.12 , p < .05 . With respect to reciprocal effects , family drug abstinence significantly predicted women 's abstinence 4 months later , B = 0.22 , SE = 0.06 , p < .001 . CONCLUSION Findings demonstrated the interdependence of family members and the impact of family in relapse prevention and partially supported SET 's potential for maintaining family functioning and well-being for women living with HIV or AIDS in drug recovery Background : AIDS-related bereavement is a severe life stressor that may be particularly distressing to persons themselves infected with HIV . Increasing evidence suggests that psychological health is associated with disease progression , HIV-related symptoms , and mortality . Purpose : This study assessed change in health-related quality of life among HIV+ persons following a group intervention for coping with AIDS-related loss . Methods : The sample included 235 HIV+ men and women of diverse ethnicities and sexual orientations who had experienced an AIDS-related loss within the previous 2 years . Participants were r and omly assigned to a 12-week cognitive-behavioral bereavement coping group intervention or offered individual psychotherapy upon request .  Quality of life was assessed at baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention . Results : Participants in the group intervention demonstrated improvements in general health-related and HIV-specific quality of life , while those in the comparison remained the same or deteriorated . Effect sizes indicated that the majority of change occurred in women . Conclusion : This bereavement group aim ed at improving coping with grief also had a positive impact on health-related quality of life among HIV+ men and women , and suggests that cognitive-behavioral interventions may have a broad impact on both emotional and physical health OBJECTIVE We tested the effects of a 10-week group-based cognitive-behavioral stress management/expressive-supportive therapy intervention ( CBSM+ ) and a time-matched individual psychoeducational condition for 330 women with AIDS reporting moderate to poor baseline quality of life ( QOL ) .  The goal of this study was to examine treatment effects on total QOL and 11 QOL domains from baseline to post-intervention follow-up . METHODS Participants were assessed at baseline , r and omized to a treatment condition ( individual psychoeducation condition n=180 , group-based CBSM+ condition n=150 ) , participated in the intervention for 10 weeks and assessed again within 4 weeks following the intervention .  QOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study -HIV-30 . RESULTS QOL scores increased over the course of both interventions for the total QOL score and three QOL domains : cognitive functioning , health distress and overall health perceptions . While women in the CBSM+ group condition showed a significant improvement in mental health QOL from pre- to post-intervention , women in the individual condition did not change . No changes were observed for energy/fatigue , health transition , single-item overall QOL , pain , physical well-being , role functioning or social functioning in either condition . CONCLUSION Results suggest that group-based CBSM+ and individual psychoeducational interventions are effective at improving certain aspects of QOL and that group-based CBSM+ may be particularly effective at increasing QOL related to mental health in this population of women with AIDS Objective : To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a Web-based tobacco treatment for persons living with HIV ( PLWH ) . Design : Prospect i ve , r and omized controlled trial . Setting : HIV-care center in the Bronx , New York . Subjects : Eligibility criteria included HIV infection , current tobacco usage , interest in quitting , and access to a computer with internet . One hundred thirty-eight subjects enrolled , and 134 completed the study . Intervention : Positively Smoke Free on the Web ( PSFW ) , an 8-session , 7-week targeted tobacco treatment program for PLWH  , was compared with st and ard care ( brief advice to quit and self-help brochure ) . All subjects were offered nicotine patches . Main Outcome Measures : The main feasibility outcomes were number of sessions logged into , number of Web pages visited , number of interactive clicks , and total time logged in . The main efficacy outcome was biochemically verified , 7-day point prevalence abstinence 3 months after intervention . Results : PSFW subjects logged into a mean of 5.5 of 8 sessions and 26.2 of 41 pages . They executed a mean of 10 interactive clicks during a mean total of 59.8 minutes logged in . Most required reminder phone calls to complete the sessions . Educational level , anxiety score , and home access of the Web site were associated with Web site usage . Ten percent of the PSFW group vs. 4.3 % of controls achieved the abstinence end point . Among those who completed all 8 sessions , 17.9 % were abstinent , and among women completers , 30.8 % were abstinent . Conclusions : Web-based treatment is a feasible strategy for PLWH smokers , and preliminary findings suggest therapeutic efficacy Background : Stress management interventions for HIV-positive persons have been design ed to enhance coping skills and encourage health-promoting behaviors with the hope of decreasing distress and slowing disease progression . Purpose : We examined the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral stress management ( CBSM ) intervention in combination with medication adherence training ( MAT ) in 130 gay and bisexual men living with HIV infection . Methods : Participants were r and omized to either a 10-week CBSM+MAT intervention ( n = 76 ) or a MAT-only condition ( n = 54 ) . Measures of self-reported adherence , active cognitive coping ( i.e. , acceptance and positive reinterpretation ) , avoidant coping ( i.e. , denial and behavioral disengagement ) , and depressed mood were examined over the 10-week intervention period . Results : Men in CBSM+MAT reported reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during the 10-week intervention period , but no changes in active cognitive coping or self-reported adherence were observed . Using path analysis , greater reliance on denial coping at baseline was associated with decreased depressed mood at 10 weeks . We also determined that CBSM+MAT may decrease depressed mood by reducing reliance on denial coping over the 10-week intervention period . Conclusions : Although denial may be an effective means of distress reduction in the short term , reliance on this coping strategy may result in a decreased capacity to effectively manage a variety of disease-related stressors in the long term . CBSM+MAT addresses this potentially detrimental pattern by teaching stress reduction skills that may decrease depressed mood via reduced reliance on denial coping Background Few studies have examined the secondary benefits of HIV risk reduction interventions to improve mental health functioning . Purpose This study aim ed to examine the effectiveness of telephone-delivered motivational interviewing ( MI ) targeting sexual risk behavior to reduce depression , anxiety , and stress in HIV-positive older adults . Methods Participants were 100 HIV-positive adults 45 + years old enrolled in a sexual risk reduction pilot clinical trial of telephone-delivered MI .  Participants were r and omly assigned to a one-session MI , four-session MI , or st and ard of care control condition . Telephone interviews at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up assessed sexual behavior , depression , anxiety , and stress . Results Relative to controls , participants in the one- and four-session MI conditions reported lower levels of depression , anxiety , and stress at 6-month follow-up . No between group differences were observed at 3-month follow-up or between one- and four-session MI participants at 6-month follow-up . Conclusions Preliminary data suggest that telephone-delivered MI to reduce sexual risk behavior may confer secondary benefits of improving mental health functioning in HIV-positive persons People living with HIV ( PLWH ) experience greater psychological distress than the general population . Evidence from high-incomes countries suggests that psychological interventions for PLWH can improve mental health symptoms , quality of life , and HIV care engagement . However , little is known about the effectiveness of mental health interventions for PLWH in low- and middle-income countries ( LMICs ) , where the large majority of PLWH reside . This systematized review aims to synthesize findings from mental health intervention trials with PLWH in LMICs to inform the delivery of mental health services in these setting s. A systematic search strategy was undertaken to identify peer- review ed published papers of intervention trials addressing negative psychological states or disorders ( e.g. depression , anxiety ) among PLWH in LMIC setting s. Search results were assessed against pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria . Data from papers meeting criteria were extracted for synthesis . Twenty-six papers , published between 2000 and 2014 , describing 22 unique interventions were identified . Trials were implemented in sub-Saharan Africa ( n = 13 ) , Asia ( n = 7 ) , and the Middle East ( n = 2 ) , and addressed mental health using a variety of approaches , including cognitive-behavioral ( n = 18 ) , family-level ( n = 2 ) , and pharmacological ( n = 2 ) treatments . Four r and omized controlled trials reported significant intervention effects in mental health outcomes , and 11 preliminary studies demonstrated promising findings . Among the limited mental health intervention trials with PLWH in LMICs , few demonstrated efficacy .  Mental health interventions for PLWH in LMICs must be further developed and adapted for re source -limited setting s to improve effectiveness Background People who are HIV-positive now live longer when they have contracted AIDS , and nursing interventions can help improve their quality of life . Objectives To test the effects of an intervention based on developing cognitive coping skills as compared to one focused on facilitating the expression of emotions . Both interventions were intended to help regulate emotional response to an exacerbation of HIV-related symptoms . Method In a r and omized , controlled trial , 90 hospitalized 
    Output:
    
Six characteristics influenced the effectiveness of a treatment for depression .
For example , larger effects were found for studies with psychologists as treatment providers .
To conclude , this systematic review and meta- analysis suggests that psychosocial interventions have a beneficial effect for PLWH with mental health problems .
Concluyendo , esta revisión sistemática y meta-análisis indica que las intervenciones psicosociales tienen un efecto beneficioso para gente con PVVIH y con problemas de salud mental