***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease that is partly attributable to chronic systemic inflammation . The aim of our prospect i ve pilot study was to investigate the impact of fumaric acid esters ( FAE ) , a first-line systemic antipsoriatic treatment in Germany , on cardiovascular risk parameters . Participants with moderate-to-severe psoriasis from the University Medical Center Mannheim and the University Hospital Würzburg were treated with FAE for 16 weeks according to st and ard dosage recommendations . Disease severity , life quality and depression scores as well as biomarkers of inflammation , lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed prior to initiation of FAE and after 16 weeks . Out of 39 participants recruited , 27 completed the study . 44 % of all participants and 63 % of those completing the 16-week treatment achieved PASI 50 response and 27 or 37 % PASI 75 response . Clinical improvement was paralleled by significant improvement in quality of life , high treatment satisfaction and significant reduction of depressive symptoms . Adverse events , most frequently mild gastrointestinal complaints , flush and lymphocytopenia occurred in 89 % . FAE did not modify glucose metabolism or inflammatory parameters substantially . However , a highly significant increase in serum levels of the atheroprotective cytokine adiponectin was noted after 16 weeks ( median 4.7 vs. 8.9 µg/ml ; p = 0.0002 ) . Our study demonstrates a significant beneficial impact of FAE on adiponectin , indicating a potential cardioprotective effect . It will be interesting to verify this finding in larger cohorts and to assess the long-term influence of FAE on cardiovascular risk and disease In this study , we investigated a possible correlation between adhesion molecules and activity of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris ( PPP ) . Serum levels of soluble E-selectin ( sE-selectin ) , soluble intercellular adhesion molecules 1 ( sICAM-1 ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) in 30 untreated PPP patients were examined , and compared with those in 20 healthy subjects . Values in 10 PPP patients were re-examined after treatment . Serum levels of sE-selectin and TNF-alpha in untreated PPP patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects . There was a statistically significant correlation between the disease activity and serum levels of sE-selectin in untreated PPP patients . Furthermore , disease activity of PPP was higher in patients who smoked and during the summer , with elevation of serum sE-selectin levels . Serum levels of sE-selectin were downregulated with the recovery from PPP . These results suggest that sE-selectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of PPP and could be a reliable marker of its disease activity Psoriasis has been related to metabolic syndrome ( MS ) . Adipocytokines produced by white adipose tissue may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its association with MS . Our objectives were to characterize the profile of a number of different inflammatory and atherogenic markers , vitamins , adipokines and cytokines and their potential involvement in MS in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis without joint involvement compared to anthropometrically matched controls , and to evaluate correlation with severity of the skin disease and changes after narrow-b and UVB ( NB-UVB ) phototherapy . We design ed a prospect i ve cross-sectional study . Baseline waist circumference , body fat composition , lipid , carbohydrate and calcium metabolism profile , inflammation markers , homocysteine and vitamins D , B6 , B12 and folic acid , leptin , resistin , omentin , lipocalin-2 , adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein , retinol-binding protein-4 ( RBP-4 ) , interleukin-6 , soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 ( sTNFR1 ) and interleukin-17 of 50 psoriasis patients and 50 gender , age and body mass index-matched controls were recorded , then evaluated after NB-UVB in the patients . The patients had higher baseline serum concentrations of leptin , RBP-4 , lipocalin-2 and sTNFR1 . Baseline psoriasis area and severity index correlated with serum concentrations of RBP-4 and lipocalin-2 only . Principal components analysis disclosed a component including vitamins B12 , B6 , folic acid , calcidiol and HDL-cholesterol that was only present in healthy controls and opposed to a cluster of variables which promote MS . This component was absent in the patients . Our results point to lipocalin-2 and RBP-4 as relevant mediators of the trend towards MS in psoriatic patients Psoriasis is one of the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases in which abnormal individual immune reactivity plays an important role . The aim of the present study was to describe selected immunological changes , concerning pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-8 ) and adhesion molecules ( sE-selectin , sP-selectin , sICAM-1 ) , in 56 patients cured by Goeckerman 's therapy ( GT ) . GT includes dermal application of crude coal tar ( containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ) and exposure to UV radiation . When compared with the control group ( healthy blood donors ) , the patients before GT had significantly increased serum levels of sE-selectin ( p<0.001 ) , sP-selectin ( p<0.001 ) , sICAM-1 ( p<0.001 ) and IL-8 ( p<0.001 ) . Significantly decreased serum levels of sE-selectin ( p<0.05 ) and significantly increased serum levels of IL-8 ( p<0.05 ) were found after GT therapy .  Serum levels of sICAM significantly correlated with the disease activity and with serum levels of sE-selectin . The level of PASI score ( Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ) significantly decreased after GT ( p<0.001 ) and confirms the high efficiency GT . These findings confirmed that pro-inflammatory chemokine ( IL-8 ) and adhesion molecules ( sE-selectin , sP-selectin , sICAM-1 ) play an important role in the development and regulation of inflammation in psoriasis . Determination of sE-selectin and sICAM seems to be a promising marker of psoriasis 's activity . Chemokine pathway ( IL-8 ) and TNF-alpha activity seem to be modulated by Goeckerman 's therapy ( polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ) This study investigated the effect of narrow-b and ultraviolet B ( NB-UVB ) phototherapy on serum levels of the soluble cell adhesion molecules sE-selectin , sP-selectin , sL-selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( sICAM-1 ) in 58 patients with psoriasis vulgaris .  Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) scores significantly decreased after treatment , confirming the efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy .  Serum levels of sE-selectin also decreased significantly after treatment , and levels of sICAM-1 showed a significant correlation with PASI score and with levels of sE-selectin . The efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy in improving psoriatic lesions may be a function of decreased serum levels of E-selectin . These findings emphasize the complex roles of soluble cell adhesion molecules in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis Summary E‐selectin endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule‐1 is expressed on endothelial cells in distinct inflammatory skin diseases . E‐selectin mediates the adhesion between activated endothelium and different inflammatory cells . To evaluate soluble E‐selectin as a marker of disease activity in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis , the concentration of soluble E‐selectin , determined by ELISA , was studied in sera of patients before and after treatment and compared with normal non‐atopic controls . The disease severity was established using clinical scoring systems . Levels of soluble E‐selectin were significantly elevated in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis ( as compared with controls ) . Clinical improvement , after treatment , in patients with atopic dermatitis , but not in psoriasis , was associated with a significant decrease in serum levels of soluble E‐selectin . There was a significant correlation of soluble E‐selectin and disease activity in patients with atopic dermatitis . These data indicate that soluble E‐selectin is another parameter to evaluate the inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis . Determination of soluble E‐selectin may be a useful measure of disease activity in atopic dermatitis 
    Output:
    
However , increased serum levels of IL-17 correlated with psoriasis in men .
For other biomarkers , age , gender and psoriasis area and severity index did not explain the differences in effect size between the studies .
Conclusions Serum levels of TNF-α , IFN-γ , IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-18 , IL-22 , chemerin , lipocalin-2 , resistin , sE-selectin , fibrinogen , complement 3 , and adiponectin correlate with psoriasis and can be used as potential biomarkers for psoriasis and response to the treatment .