***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of snoezelen , integrated in 24-hour daily care , on the behavior and mood of demented nursing home residents . DESIGN Quasiexperimental pre- and posttest design . SETTING Twelve psychogeriatric wards of six nursing homes , spread over different parts of the Netherl and s. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty-five patients with moderate to severe dementia and care dependency were included in the pretest and 128 in the posttest ; 61 were completers ( included in both pre- and posttest ) . INTERVENTION Experimental subjects received an individual 24-hour snoezel program , based on family history taking and stimulus preference screening . Caregivers were trained , and ( organizational ) adaptations were made to fulfill the conditions for resident-oriented snoezel care . The control group received usual nursing home care . MEASUREMENTS Observations were made on the wards using subscales of the Dutch Behavior Observation Scale for Psychogeriatric In patients , the Dutch version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory , and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia . Independent assessors observed video recordings of morning care and rated residents ' behavior and mood using INTERACT and FACE , respectively . RESULTS Residents receiving snoezel care  demonstrated a significant treatment effect with respect to their level of apathetic behavior , loss of decorum , rebellious behavior , aggressive behavior , and depression . During morning care , the experimental subjects showed significant changes in well-being ( mood , happiness , enjoyment , sadness ) and adaptive behavior ( responding to speaking , relating to caregiver , normal-length sentences ) . CONCLUSION Snoezel care particularly seems to have a positive effect on disturbing and withdrawn behavior . The results suggest that a 24-hour integrated snoezel program has a generalizing effect on the mood and behavior of demented residents Long-term effects of multisensory stimulation were assessed using a “ Snoezelen ” room on older residents with dementia . Thirty patients were r and omly assigned to 3 groups : multisensory stimulation environment ( MSSE ) group , individualized activities ( activity ) group , and control group . The MSSE and activity groups participated in two 30-minute weekly individualized intervention sessions over 16 weeks . Pre- , mid- , posttrial , and 8-week follow-up behavior , mood , cognitive , and functional impairment in basic activities of daily living were registered . Items included in the physically nonaggressive behavior factor improved significantly in post- versus pretrial in the MSSE group compared to the activity group , with no significant differences between MSSE and control groups . The MSSE and activity groups demonstrated behavior improvements and higher scores on the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory , verbal agitated behavior factor , and Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Nursing Home , with no significant differences between groups . The MSSE could have long-term positive effects on such neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people with dementia OBJECTIVES Dementia is the disease most frequently leading to admission in long-term care institutions , primarily because persons with this disease exhibit several behavioral problems . The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of the sensory integration program developed by Ross and Burdick in improving the functioning of persons with dementia . METHOD Forty subjects with dementia ( 28 women , 12 men , mean age of 78.4 years ) in three different institutional setting s in Quebec City , Canada , were r and omly assigned to the study ( n = 22 ) or  control ( n = 18 ) group . Subjects in the study group participated in three 45-min sessions of a sensory integration program per week for 10 weeks . Outcomes were measured using the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist and the Psychogeriatric Scale of Basic Activities of Daily Living . RESULTS The sensory integration program had no significant effect on the behaviors of the study group . CONCLUSION Before this type of program is labeled inefficacious , other studies are necessary to determine whether modifying the frequency of sessions , the number of subjects , and the measuring instruments would lead to similar results BACKGROUND Music therapy is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia , but although some studies have found it to be helpful , most are small and uncontrolled . METHODS This case-control study was carried out by qualified music therapists in two nursing homes and two psychogeriatric wards . The participants were 38 patients with moderate or severe Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) assigned r and omly to a music therapy group and a control group . RESULTS The study showed a significant reduction in activity disturbances in the music therapy group during a 6-week period measured with the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer 's Disease Rating Scale ( BEHAVE-AD ) . There was also a significant reduction in the sum of scores of activity disturbances , aggressiveness and anxiety . Other symptoms rated by subscales of the BEHAVE-AD did not decrease significantly . Four weeks later the effects had mostly disappeared . CONCLUSIONS Music therapy is a safe and effective method for treating agitation and anxiety in moderately severe and severe AD . This is in line with the results of some non-controlled studies on music therapy in dementia BACKGROUND Over recent years multi-sensory stimulation ( MSS ) has become an increasingly popular approach to care and is used in several centres throughout Europe . This popularity could be explained by the limited alternatives available to staff and a widely held belief that MSS is a friendly and highly humane approach . A r and omized controlled trial was therefore essential to evaluate the effectiveness and extent of the benefits of MSS . AIM To assess whether MSS is more effective in changing the behaviour , mood and cognition of older adults with dementia than a control of activity ( playing card games , looking at photographs , doing quizzes , etc . ) . METHODS A total of 136 patients from three countries [ United Kingdom ( UK ) , the Netherl and s and Sweden ] were r and omized to MSS or activity groups . Patients participated in eight 30-minute sessions over 4 weeks . Ratings of behaviour and mood were taken before , during and after sessions to investigate immediate effects . Pre- , mid- , post-trial and follow-up assessment s were taken to investigate any generalization of effects to cognition and behaviour and mood at home/on the ward or at the day hospital . RESULTS There were limited short-term improvements for both the MSS and activity groups immediately after sessions , and limited short-term improvements between the groups during sessions . There were no significant differences between the groups when assessing change in behaviour , mood or cognition at home/on the ward or at the day hospital . In the UK , however , behaviour at the day hospital for both groups remained stable during the trial but deteriorated once the sessions had stopped , and active/disturbed behaviour at home improved but likewise deteriorated once sessions had stopped . CONCLUSIONS Overall , MSS was found to be no more effective than an activity in changing the behaviour , mood or cognition of patients with dementia in the short- or long-term This study investigates the effects of emotion‐oriented care on the behavior of elderly people with cognitive impairment and behavioral problems . This approach is mainly based on the validation approach , but also uses insights from other approaches like reminiscence and sensory stimulation OBJECTIVES To test the effects of an intervention that helps families manage  distressing behaviors in family members with dementia . DESIGN Two-group r and omized trial . SETTING In home . PARTICIPANTS Two hundred seventy-two caregivers and people with dementia . INTERVENTION Up to 11 home and telephone contacts over 16 weeks by health professionals who identified potential triggers of patient behaviors , including communication and environmental factors and patient undiagnosed medical conditions ( by obtaining blood and urine sample s ) and trained caregivers in strategies to modify triggers and reduce their upset . Between 16 and 24 weeks , three telephone contacts reinforced strategy use . MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes were frequency of targeted problem behavior and caregiver upset with and confidence managing it at 16 weeks . Secondary outcomes were caregiver well-being and management skills at 16 and 24 weeks and caregiver perceived benefits . Prevalence of medical conditions for intervention patients were also examined . RESULTS At 16 weeks , 67.5 % of intervention caregivers reported improvement in targeted problem behavior , compared with 45.8 % of caregivers in a no-treatment control group ( P=.002 ) , and reduced upset with ( P=.03 ) and enhanced confidence managing ( P=.01 ) the behavior . Additionally , intervention caregivers reported less upset with all problem behaviors ( P=.001 ) , less negative communication ( P=.02 ) , less burden ( P=.05 ) , and better well-being ( P=.001 ) than controls . Fewer intervention caregivers had depressive symptoms ( 53.0 % ) than control group caregivers ( 67.8 % , P=.02 ) . Similar caregiver outcomes occurred at 24 weeks . Intervention caregivers perceived more study benefits ( P<.05 ) , including ability to keep family members home , than controls . Blood and urine sample s of intervention patients with dementia showed that 40 ( 34.1 % ) had undiagnosed illnesses requiring physician follow-up . CONCLUSION Targeting behaviors up setting to caregivers and modifying potential triggers improves symptomatology in people with dementia and caregiver well-being and skills The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using multisensory environments ( MSE ) in the home of people with dementia . A qualitative research design was used , which included semi-structured interviews and self-rated caregiver observation checklists . Field notes and audio recorded interviews were transcribed for data analysis . Data were reduced and coded for theme identification . Positive and negative effects of the use of MSE in the home on the behaviors of the person with dementia , caregiver burden , and family interpersonal relationships were revealed . Overall , MSE was discovered to promote a relaxing and calm environment in the home , which helped the person with dementia attend more to their immediate surroundings , and to improve family interactions . Although the majority of caregivers reported they enjoyed the MSE , they acknowledged their disappointment in the MSE as not providing more caregiver respite The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a multisensory stimulation environment ( MSSE ) and individualized music sessions on agitation , emotional and cognitive status , and dementia severity in a sample of institutionalized patients with severe dementia . Twenty-two participants with a diagnosis of severe or very severe dementia were r and omly assigned to two groups : MSSE and individualized music sessions . Both groups participated in two 30-min weekly sessions over 16 weeks . Outcomes were agitation ( Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory , CMAI ) , mood ( Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia , CSDD ) , anxiety ( Rating Anxiety in Dementia , RAID ) , cognitive function ( Severe Mini-Mental State Examination , SMMSE ) , and the overall severity of dementia ( Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity Scale , BANS-S ) . They were assessed at baseline ( pre-trial ) , in the middle ( mid-trial ) , at the end of the intervention ( post-trial ) , and 8 weeks after the intervention ( follow-up ) . Patients in the MSSE group showed significant improvement in their RAID and BANS-S scores compared with the individualized music group post- versus pre-trial . With regard to agitation , there was improvement during the intervention in both the MSSE and individualized music groups in the CMAI total score after 16 weeks of intervention , with no significant differences between the groups . The results suggest that MSSE could have better effects on anxiety symptoms and dementia severity in comparison with individualized music sessions in elderly patients with severe dementia OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of lavender olfactory stimulation intervention on fall incidence  in elderly nursing home residents . DESIGN R and omized placebo-controlled trial . SETTING Three r and omly selected nursing homes in northern Japan . PARTICIPANTS One hundred and forty-five nursing home residents aged 65 and older . INTERVENTION Participants were r and omly assigned to the lavender ( n = 73 ) or placebo group ( n = 72 ) for a 360-day study period . The lavender group received continuous olfactory stimulation from a lavender patch . The placebo group received an unscented patch . MEASUREMENT The primary outcome measure was resident falls . Other measurements taken at baseline and 12 months included functional ability ( assessed using the Barthel Index ) , cognitive function ( Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) ) , and behavioral and psychological problems associated with dementia ( Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory ( CMAI ) ) . RESULTS There were fewer fallers in the lavender group ( n = 26 ) than in the placebo group ( n = 36 ) ( hazard ratio (HR)=0.57 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.34 - 0.95 ) and a lower incidence rate in the lavender group ( 1.04 per person-year ) than in the placebo group ( 1.40 per person-year ) ( incidence rate ratio = 0.51 , 95 % CI = 0.30 - 0.88 ) . The lavender group also had a significant decrease in CMAI score ( P = .04 ) from baseline to follow-up in a per protocol analysis . CONCLUSION Lavender olfactory stimulation may reduce falls and agitation in elderly nursing home residents ; further research is necessary to confirm these findings Objective : To investigate whether behavioural , motor and physiological responses of individuals with Huntington 's disease ( HD ) to a controlled multisensory environment ( MSE ) are effective as a therapeutic ( sustained effects ) or leisure ( immediate effects ) activity . Design : Pilot study – a r and omized , controlled , two-group design . Setting : Specialist residential unit for people with mid-late stage HD . Subjects : Twelve patients with HD ( one subject from each 
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However , these effects did not always persist in the long-term .
Conclusions : These findings suggest that multisensory stimulation could be an effective intervention for managing NPS in older adults with major NCD in a mild to severe stage , particularly for managing behavioral symptoms such as agitation .
This research provides an indication of the likely effect of the multisensory stimulation on NPS such as agitation and anxiety , as well on cognitive status