***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: INTRODUCTION The most popular method of stretching is static stretching . Vibration may provide a means of enhancing range of motion beyond that of static stretching alone . PURPOSE This study sought to observe the effects of vibration on static stretching to determine whether vibration-aided static stretching could enhance range of motion acquisition more than static stretching alone in the forward split position . METHODS Ten highly trained male volunteer gymnasts were r and omly assigned to experimental ( N = 5 ) and control ( N = 5 ) groups . The test was a forward split with the rear knee flexed to prevent pelvic misalignment . Height of the anterior iliac spine of the pelvis was measured at the lowest split position . Athletes stretched forward and rearward legs to the point of discomfort for 10 s followed by 5 s of rest , repeated four times on each leg and split position ( 4 min total ) . The experimental group stretched with the device turned on ; the control group stretched with the device turned off . A pretest was followed by an acute phase posttest , then a second posttest measurement was performed following 4 wk of treatment . Difference scores were analyzed . RESULTS The acute phase showed dramatic increases in forward split flexibility for both legs ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas the long-term test showed a statistically significant increase in range of motion on the right rear leg split only ( P < 0.05 ) . Effect sizes indicated large effects in all cases . CONCLUSION This study showed that vibration can be a promising means of increasing range of motion beyond that obtained with static stretching in highly trained male gymnasts The effects of hard squatting exercise with ( VbX+ ) and without ( VbX− ) vibration on neuromuscular function were tested in 19 healthy young volunteers . Before and after the exercise , three different tests were performed : maximum serial jumping for 30 s , electromyography during isometric knee extension at 70 % of the maximum voluntary torque , and the quantitative analysis of the patellar tendon reflex . Between VbX+ and VbX− values , there was no difference found under baseline conditions . Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter in VbX+ than in VbX− ( 349 ± 338 s versus 515 ± 338 s ) , but blood lactate ( 5·49 ± 2·73 mmol l−1 versus 5·00 ± 2·26 mmol l−1 ) and subjectively perceived exertion ( rate of perceived exertion values 18·1 ± 1·2 versus 18·6 ± 1·6 ) at the termination of exercise indicate comparable levels of fatigue . After the exercise , comparable effects were observed on jump height , ground contact time , and isometric torque . The vastus lateralis mean frequency during isometric torque , however , was higher after VbX+ than after VbX−. Likewise , the tendon reflex amplitude was significantly greater after VbX+ than after VbX− ( 4·34 ± 3·63 Nm versus 1·68 ± 1·32 Nm ) . It is followed that in exercise unto comparable degrees of exhaustion and muscular fatigue , superimposed 26 Hz vibration appears to elicit an alteration in neuromuscular recruitment patterns , which apparently enhance neuromuscular excitability . Possibly , this effect may be exploited for the design of future training regimes Purpose To examine the acute and short-term effect of a wearable vibration device following strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors . Methods Physically active males ( n = 13 ) performed vibration therapy ( VT ) and control following eccentric exercise .  The arms were r and omised and counterbalanced , separated by 14 days . 15 min of VT ( 120 Hz ) was applied immediately and 24 , 48 , and 72 h after eccentric exercise while the contralateral arm performed no VT ( control ) . Muscle ( isometric and concentric ) strength , range of motion , electromyography ( EMG ) , muscle soreness and creatine kinase were taken pre-exercise , immediately and 24 , 48 , and 72 h post-eccentric exercise . Additionally , the acute effect of VT of muscle strength , range of motion , EMG , muscle soreness was also investigated immediately after VT . Results In the short-term VT was able to significantly reduce the level of biceps brachii pain at 24 h ( p < 0.05 ) and 72 h ( p < 0.01 ) , enhance pain threshold at 48 h ( p < 0.01 ) and 72 h ( p < 0.01 ) , improve range of motion at 24 h ( p < 0.05 ) , 48 h ( p < 0.01 ) and 72 h ( p < 0.01 ) and significantly ( p < 0.05 ) reduced creatine kinase at 72 h compared to control . Acutely , following VT treatment muscle pain and range of motion significantly improved ( p < 0.05 ) at 24 h post , 48 h post , and 72 h post but no significant changes in muscle strength and EMG were reported acutely or short-term . Conclusions Acute and short-term VT  attenuated muscle soreness , creatine kinase and improved range of motion ; however , there was no improvement of muscle strength recovery compared to control following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a bout of whole body vibration ( WBV ) on muscle response and to determine whether this stimulus leads to muscle damage . Thirty healthy and physically active participants ( mean±SD ; age : 21.8±2.0 years ; height : 176.7±5.8 cm ; body mass : 76±6.8 kg and BMI : 23.1±3.7 kg·m−2 ) participated in this study . Participants were r and omly allocated in one of two groups , one of them performed a bout of 360 s WBV ( frequency : 30 Hz ; peak-to-peak displacement : 4 mm ) ( VIB ) and the other one adopted a sham position ( CON ) . Muscle contractile properties were analysed in the rectus femoris ( RF ) by using tensiomyography ( TMG ) 2 min before the warm-up and 2 min after intervention . Muscle damage was assessed by determining plasma creatine kinase ( CK ) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) levels at three time points ; 5 min before warm-up and 1 h and 48 h after the intervention . TMG results showed a significant decrease in maximal displacement ( p<0.05 ) and delay time ( p<0.05 ) in VIB and in delay time ( p<0.05 ) and relaxation time ( p<0.05 ) in CON . Muscle damage markers showed significant group differences ( p<0.05 ) for CK 1 h after the intervention . In addition , differences for CK 1 h after the intervention from baseline ( p<0.05 ) were also observed in VIB . In conclusion , a 6-min bout of WBV results in an increase of muscle stiffness in RF and increased CK levels 1 h after intervention ( returning to baseline within 48 h ) Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine if vibration therapy is more effective than the st and ard treatment of stretching and massage for improving recovery of muscle strength and reducing muscle soreness after muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise . Design : A r and omized , single-blinded parallel intervention trial design was used . Setting : Research laboratory . Participants : Fifty untrained men aged 18 to 30 years completed the study . Interventions : Participants performed 100 maximal eccentric muscle actions ( ECCmax ) of the right knee extensor muscles . For the next 7 days , 25 participants applied cycloidal vibration therapy to the knee extensors twice daily and 25 participants performed stretching and sports massage ( SSM ) twice daily . Main Outcome Measures : Changes in markers of muscle damage [ peak isometric torque ( PIT ) , serum creatine kinase ( CK ) , and serum myoglobin ( Mb ) ] , muscle soreness ( visual analog scale ) , and inflammation [ serum C-reactive protein ( CRP ) ] were assessed . Results : After ECCmax , there was no difference in recovery of PIT and muscle soreness or serum CK , Mb , and CRP levels between vibration and SSM groups ( P > 0.28 ) . Conclusions : Cycloidal vibration therapy is no more effective than the st and ard practice of stretching and massage to promote muscle recovery after the performance of muscle-damaging exercise . Clinical Relevance : Prescription of vibration therapy after maximal exercise involving eccentric muscle damage did not alleviate signs and symptoms of muscle damage faster than the st and ard prescription of stretching and massage [ Purpose ] To investigate the effects of pre-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation on the pressure-pain threshold and muscle-fatigue-related metabolites of exercise-induced muscle damage . [ Subjects and Methods ] Thirty healthy , adult male subjects were r and omly assigned to the pre-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation group , post-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation group , or control group ( n=10 per group ) . To investigate the effects of pre-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation , changes in the pressure-pain threshold ( lb ) , creatine kinase level ( U/L ) , and lactate dehydrogenase level ( U/L ) were measured and analyzed at baseline and at 24 hours , 48 hours , and 72 hours after exercise . [ Results ] The pressure-pain thresholds and concentrations of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase varied significantly in each group and during each measurement period . There were interactions between the measurement periods and groups , and results of the post-hoc test showed that the pre-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation group had the highest efficacy among the groups . [ Conclusion ] Pre-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation is more effective than post-induced muscle damage vibration stimulation for preventing muscle damage Objective In this study , the effects of vibration therapy ( VT ) on  delayed-onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) and associated inflammatory markers after downhill running were determined . Methods 29 male recreational runners ( 33 ( 8) years ; Vo2peak 57 ( 6 ) ml kg−1 min−1 ) completed a 40-min downhill run and were r and omly allocated to a VT group or Control group . For 5 days post-run , the VT group underwent once-daily sessions of VT on the upper and lower legs . DOMS was assessed pre-run and for 5 days post-run by visual analogue scale . Immune cell subsets and plasma inflammatory markers were assessed pre-run , post-run , 24 and 120 h post-run by full differential cell count , and by ELISA and enzyme immunoassay , respectively . Data were analysed as per cent change from pre-run ( ANOVA ) and the magnitude of the treatment effect ( Cohen 's effect size statistics ) . Results VT significantly reduced calf pain 96 h post-run ( −50 % ( 40 % ) , 90 % confidence limits ) and gluteal pain 96 h ( −50 % ( 40 % ) ) and 120 h post-run ( −30 % ( 30 % ) ) ; decreased interleukin 6 ( IL6 ) 24 h ( −46 % ( 31 % ) ) and 120 h post-run ( −65 % ( 30 % ) ) ; substantially decreased histamine 24 h ( −40 % ( 50 % ) ) and 120 h post-run ( −37 % ( 48 % ) ) ; substantially increased neutrophils ( 8.6 % ( 8.1 % ) ) and significantly decreased lymphocytes ( −17 % ( 12 % ) ) 24 h post-run . There were no clear substantial effects of VT on other leukocyte subsets and inflammatory markers . Conclusion VT  reduces muscle soreness and IL6 . It may stimulate lymphocyte and neutrophil responses and may be a useful modality in treating muscle inflammation The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of whole-body vibration on isometric squat ( IS ) and countermovement jump ( CMJ ) performance .  Nine moderately resistance-trained men were tested for peak force ( PF ) during the IS and jump height ( JH ) and peak power ( PP ) during the CMJ . Average integrated electromyography ( IEMG ) was measured from the vastus medialis , vastus lateralis , and biceps femoris muscles . Subjects performed the 2 treatment conditions , vibration or sham , in a r and omized order . Subjects were tested for baseline performance variables in both the IS and CMJ , and were exposed to either a 30-second bout of whole-body vibration or sham intervention . Subjects were tested immediately following the vibration or sham treatment , as well as 5 , 15 , and 30 minutes posttreatment . Whole-body vibration result ed in a significantly higher ( p ≤ 0.05 ) JH during the CMJ immediately following vibration , as compared with the sham condition . No significant differences were observed in CMJ PP ; PF during IS or IEMG of the vastus medialis , vastus lateralis , or biceps femoris during the CMJ ; or IS between vibration and sham treaments . Whole-body vibration may be a potential warm-up procedure for increasing vertical JH . Future research is warranted addressing the influence of various protocol s of whole-body vibration ( i.e. , duration , amplitude , frequency ) on athletic performance CONTEXT Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of  delayed-onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) .  Whole-body vibration ( WBV ) has been suggested as a viable warm-up for 
    Output:
    
The meta- analysis indicated that vibration significantly improved the VAS at 24 , 48 , and 72 hours after exercise , and significantly improved CK levels at 24 and 48 hours , but not at 72 hours .
Conclusion Vibration is a beneficial and useful form of physiotherapy for alleviating DOMS .