***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE To test the association between exercise mode and the recovery pattern of baroreflex sensitivity ( BRS ) after exercise . METHODS The study population included healthy male subjects ( N = 12 , age : 31 + /- 3 yr ) . Four different interventions were performed in a r and omized order : 1 ) aerobic exercise session on a bicycle ergometer , 2 ) light resistance exercise session , 3 ) heavy resistance exercise session , and 4 ) control intervention with no exercise . All interventions lasted 40 min . R-R intervals and continuous blood pressure were measured before ( 10 min ) and 30 - 180 min after the interventions . BRSLF was calculated by the transfer function method from the low-frequency b and ( LF , 0.04 - 0.15 Hz ) of the R-R intervals and systolic blood pressure spectra . RESULTS BRSLF had blunted until 30 min after aerobic and light resistance exercise ( 11.1 + /- 4.3 and 10.0 + /- 3.6 vs 17.5 + /- 7.0 ms.mm Hg(-1 ) , P = 0.002 for both , compared with the control intervention , respectively ) . However , BRSLF was significantly blunted until 60 min after heavy resistance exercise ( 9.3 + /- 2.3 vs 15.1 + /- 4.7 ms.mm Hg(-1 ) , P = 0.005 , compared with the control intervention ) . The high-frequency power of R-R intervals ( 0.15 - 0.4 Hz ) was significantly reduced , and the LF power of systolic blood pressure oscillation was significantly augmented 30 min after heavy resistance exercise ( P < 0.01 for both ) , whereas both indices were restored to the control level by 30 min after aerobic and light resistance exercise . CONCLUSION BRS after acute exercise is associated with exercise intensity , showing relatively rapid recovery after aerobic and light resistance exercise and delayed recovery after heavy resistance exercise . The delayed BRS pattern after heavy resistance exercise is regulated by delicate interplay between the withdrawal of vagal outflow and the probably increased sympathetic vasomotor tone documented by measurements of heart rate and blood pressure variability Decreased central arterial compliance is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease . Resistance training is associated with reductions in the elastic properties of central arteries . Currently , it is not known whether this reduction is from one bout of resistance exercise or from an adaptation to multiple bouts of resistance training .  Sixteen healthy sedentary or recreationally active adults ( 11 men and 5 women , age 27 + /- 1 yr ) were studied under parallel experimental conditions on 2 separate days . The order of experiments was r and omized between resistance exercise ( 9 resistance exercises at 75 % of 1 repetition maximum ) and sham control ( seated rest in the exercise room ) . Baseline hemodynamic values were not different between the two experimental conditions . Carotid arterial compliance ( via simultaneous B-mode ultrasound and applanation tonometry ) decreased and beta-stiffness index increased ( P < 0.01 ) immediately and 30 min after resistance exercise . Immediately after resistance exercise , carotid systolic blood pressure increased ( P < 0.01 ) , although no changes were observed in brachial systolic blood pressure at any time points . These measures returned to baseline values within 60 min after the completion of resistance exercise . No significant changes in these variables were observed during the sham control condition . These results indicate that one bout of resistance exercise acutely decreases central arterial compliance , but this effect is sustained for < 60 min after the completion of resistance exercise The occurrence of  post-exercise hypotension after resistance exercise  is controversial , and its mechanisms are unknown . To evaluate the effect of different resistance exercise intensities on post-exercise blood pressure ( BP ) , and hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms , 17 normotensives underwent three experimental sessions : control ( C—40 min of rest ) , low- ( E40%—40 % of 1 repetition maximum , RM ) , and high-intensity ( E80%—80 % of 1 RM ) resistance exercises . Before and after interventions , BP , heart rate ( HR ) , and cardiac output ( CO ) were measured . Autonomic regulation was evaluated by normalized low- ( LFR – Rnu ) and high-frequency ( HFR – Rnu ) components of the R – R variability . In comparison with pre-exercise , systolic BP decreased similarly in the E40 % and E80 % ( −6 ± 1 and −8 ± 1 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) . Diastolic BP decreased in the E40 % , increased in the C , and did not change in the E80 % . CO decreased similarly in all the sessions ( −0.4 ± 0.2 l/min , P < 0.05 ) , while systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) increased in the C , did not change in the E40 % , and increased in the E80 % . Stroke volume decreased , while HR increased after both exercises , and these changes were greater in the E80 % ( −11 ± 2 vs. −17 ± 2 ml/beat , and + 17 ± 2 vs. + 21 ± 2 bpm , P < 0.05 ) . LFR – Rnu increased , while ln HFR – Rnu decreased in both exercise sessions . In conclusion : Low- and high-intensity resistance exercises cause systolic post-exercise hypotension ; however , only low-intensity exercise decreases diastolic BP . BP fall is due to CO decrease that is not compensated by SVR increase . BP fall is accompanied by HR increase due to an increase in sympathetic modulation to the heart Abstract Post-exercise hypotension is an important event for blood pressure regulation , especially in hypertensive individuals . Although post-exercise hypotension is a well-known phenomenon , the mechanism responsible is still unclear . The kallikrein-kinin system is involved in blood pressure control , but its role in post-exercise hypotension has not yet been investigated . Thus , the purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of the vasodilators bradykinin and des-Arg9-BK and kallikrein activity in post-exercise hypotension promoted by 35 min of cycle ergometer ( CE ) or circuit weight-training ( CWT ) bouts in normotensive and hypertensive individuals . A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure at 45 and 60 min after CE and 45 min after CWT was observed in normotensive individuals .  Hypertensive values of mean arterial pressure were significantly reduced at 45 and 60 min after CE and at 60 min after CWT . Before exercise , plasma bradykinin concentrations and kallikrein activity were higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive volunteers . Kinin levels increased in the groups evaluated at the end of the training period and 60 min post-exercise . These data suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system may be involved in post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive individuals subjected to CE and CWT bouts Post-exercise hypotension ( PEH ) , the reduction of blood pressure ( BP ) after a single bout of exercise , is of great clinical relevance . As the magnitude of this phenomenon seems to be dependent on pre-exercise BP values and chronic exercise training in hypertensive individuals leads to BP reduction ; PEH could be attenuated in this context . Therefore , the aim of the present study was to investigate whether PEH remains constant after resistance exercise training .  Fifteen hypertensive individuals ( 46±8 years ; 88±16 kg ; 30±6 % body fat ; 150±13/93±5 mm Hg systolic/diastolic BP , SBP/DBP ) were withdrawn from medication and performed 12 weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training  . Parameters of cardiovascular function were evaluated before and after the training period . Before the training program , hypertensive volunteers showed significant PEH . After an acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise session with three sets of 12 repetitions ( 60 % of one repetition maximum ) and a total of seven exercises  , BP was reduced post-exercise ( 45–60 min ) by an average of aproximately −22 mm Hg for SBP , −8 mm Hg for DBP and −13 mm Hg for mean arterial pressure ( P<0.05 ) . However , this acute hypotensive effect did not occur after the 12 weeks of training ( P>0.05 ) . In conclusion , our data demonstrate that PEH , following an acute exercise session , can indeed be attenuated after 12 weeks of training in hypertensive stage 1 patients not using antihypertensive medication Objective To investigate the blood pressure ( BP ) responses to cardiovascular stress test after a combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity . Method Twenty individuals ( 10 male/10 fem ; 33.4± 6.9 years ; 70.2± 15.8 kg ; 170.4± 11.5 cm ; 22.3± 6.8 % body fat ) were r and omized in a different days to control session with no exercise or exercise session consisting of 3 laps of the following circuit : knee extension , bench press , knee flexion , rowing in the prone position , squats , shoulder press , and 5 min of aerobic exercise at 75 - 85 % of age-predicted maximum heart rate and /or 13 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion [ scale of 6 to 20 ] . The sets of resistance exercise consisted of 15 repetitions at ~50 % of the estimated 1 repetition maximum test . Systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) were measured at rest and during 1h of recovery in both experimental sessions . After that , blood pressure reactivity ( BPR ) was evaluated using the Cold Pressor Test . Results During 1h of exercise recovery , there was a reduction in SBP ( 3 - 6 mmHg ) and DBP ( 2 - 5 mmHg ) in relation to pre-session rest ( p<0.01 ) , while this reduction was not observed in the control session . A decline in BPR ( 4 - 7 mmHg ; p<0.01 ) was observed 1h post-exercise session , but not in the control session . Post-exercise reductions in SBP and DBP were significantly correlated with BPR reductions ( r=0.50 - 0.45 ; p<0.05 ) . Conclusion A combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity promoted subsequent post-exercise hypotension and acutely attenuated BPR in response to a cardiovascular stress test . In addition , the post-exercise BP reduction was correlated with BPR attenuation in healthy adults of both genders This study examined cardiovascular responses as a function of time following exercise in which participants were exposed to a laboratory stressor .  Ninety ( 42 women ) young ( 18 - 35 years old ) nonsmoking normotensive participants engaged in 30 min of high and low intensity ( 75 - 80 % and 50 - 55 % VO(2 ) max ) aerobic exercise and a sedentary control condition . Participants were r and omly assigned to a laboratory stressor 5 , 30 , or 60 min following the exercise bout . Results indicate that low and high intensity exercise significantly reduce heart rate ( HR ) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure reactivity and HR recovery values . An inverse relationship between intensity of exercise and subsequent cardiovascular reactivity was found . These findings suggest attenuated stress responses following acute exercise depend both on exercise intensity and the time of exposure to psychological stress following exercise Purpose To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocol s of circuit resistance exercises ( CRE ) with different rest intervals ( RI ) . Methods Eleven normotensive males ( aged 19.5 ± 1.0 yrs , height 172.8 ± 5.7 cm and weight 65.1 ± 8.1 kg ) performed two CRE with RI of 30 ( RI30s ) and 40 ( RI40s ) seconds between the exercises r and omly , as well as a control session without exercise . The protocol s consisted of 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetitions maximum ( 10RM ) and 2 minute rest between circuits , followed by an 80 minute recovery period . Measurements were taken before exercise and at each 10 min of post-exercise recovery . The Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) with Repeated Measures ( group × time ) was used to analyze data , followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test , for P≤0.05 . Results Post-exercise hypotension of systolic blood pressure was observed after both CRE with RI30s and RI40s ( at R40 , R50 , R60 , R70 and R80 ) , whereas diastolic blood pressure did not differ from that measured at rest . In all measured moments , there was no significant difference between exercise trials in post-exercise levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure . Conclusion CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration . Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to examine selected psychobiological responses to acute bouts of resistance exercise ( RE ) of different intensities . METHODS Eighty-four participants were classified as experienced or inexperienced and then r and omly assigned to three conditions : 1 ) 50 % of one repetition maximum(1RM ) , 2 ) 80 % 1RM , or 3 ) control condition . RE consisted of performing three sets of four exercises between 12 to 20 reps in the 50 % 1RM condition and four to eight reps in the 80 % 1RM condition . Dependent variables consisted 
    Output:
    
The reduction in office BP was more pronounced in hypertensive compared to normotensive individuals ( p < 0.01 ) , when using larger muscle groups ( p < 0.05 ) and when participants were recovering in the supine position ( p < 0.01 ) .
Conclusion A single bout of resistance exercise can have a BP-lowering effect that last for up to 24 hours .
Supine recovery and the use of larger muscle groups result ed in greater BP reductions after resistance exercise