***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Dance and movement therapy are consisted of music , easy exercises and sensorial stimulus and provide drugless treatment for the depression on low rates . In this study , it has been aim ed to examine the effect of dance over the depression . A total of 120 healthy male and female conservatory students ranged from 20 and 24 ages volunteered to participate in this study . They were divided r and omly into 1 of 2 groups : dance training group ( DTG ; N = 60 ) and control group ( CG ; N = 60 ) . A dance training program was applied to the subjects three days a week ( Tuesday , Thursday , and Saturday ) during 12 weeks . The subjects in the control group did not participate in the training and participated only in the pre and post test measurements . Beck Depression Scale was used for the pre and post test measurements of subjects . 12 weeks of dance training has been found to be effective on the depression levels of the subjects participating in the research as the training group ( p < 0.05 ) . The depression level of males and females before training has meaningfully decreased after 12 weeks of dance training ( p < 0.05 ) . When the depression levels of the subjects participated in research as the control group were separately evaluated for males and females , no meaningful change has been found in the depression levels during 12 weeks ( p > 0.05 ) . In conclusion , it has been seen that dance affects the  depression levels of university students positively and decreases their depression levels The relative lack of research on movement therapy in inpatient versus outpatient setting s stems from the difficulty of conducting an interpretable study in clinical situations where multiple treatments exist . To control for the multiple treatment confound , this study used a r and omized single-case experimental design with 12 replications . Results indicated that the movement therapy , which was design ed to target the syndrome of a major depressive episode had a positive effect on mood across experiments ( p < .001 ) . From a clinical perspective , these results support the use of a movement program as adjunctive treatment , and challenge the view that movement is recreation but not therapy The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of conservative therapy involving medical exercise therapy ( MET ) versus arthroscopic surgery in patients with knee pain , with MRI-verified degenerative meniscus . The patients were r and omly assigned either to  MET ( n = 9 ) or to  arthroscopic surgery ( n = 8) . Patients receiving MET  had 3 treatments a week for 3 months , a total of 36 treatments . The arthroscopy consisted of meniscectomy with no structured conservative therapy after surgery . Assessment of pain , function , anxiety and depression were performed at inclusion and after 3 months . At the end of treatment , which was 3 months after inclusion , there were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding pain and function . However , anxiety and depression were significantly reduced in the MET group compared with the patients receiving arthroscopic surgery . Bearing in mind the low number of included patients in this pilot study , arthroscopy was found to be no better than MET regarding knee pain and overall daily function . The results from this pilot study are similar to other clinical studies , thereby demonstrating that conservative therapy is just as effective as surgery OBJECTIVE The primary goal of the study was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based meditation therapy on anxiety , depression , and spiritual well-being of Japanese patients undergoing anticancer treatment . A secondary goal was to assess the relationships among anxiety , depression , spiritual well-being , growth , appreciation , pain , and symptoms . METHODS The subjects were 28 patients who were receiving anticancer treatment . The subjects participated in two sessions of mindfulness-based meditation therapy , including breathing , yoga movement and meditation . Each patient was taught the program in the first session , then exercised at home with a CD , and subsequently met the interviewer in a second session after 2 weeks . Primary physicians recruited the patients and interviews were conducted individually by nurses or psychologists with training in the program . Patients completed preintervention and postintervention question naires on anxiety and depression ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [ HADS ] ) , spiritual well-being ( Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual [ FACIT-Sp ] ) , and appreciation , growth , pain , and symptoms . RESULTS HADS scores significantly decreased from 12 + /- 5.3 to 8.6 + /- 6.3 ( p = 0.004 ) after the intervention , and FACIT-Sp increased from 32 + /- 6.5 to 33 + /- 6.9 ( p = 0.69 ) , but the change was not significant . There were significant associations between FACIT-Sp and HADS ( r = -0.78 , p = 000 ) , FACIT-Sp and growth ( r = -0.35 , p = 0.04 ) , FACIT-Sp and pain ( r = -0.41 , p = 0.02 ) , and growth and appreciation ( r = 0.45 , p = 0.009 ) . CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness-based meditation therapy may be effective for anxiety and depression in Japanese cancer patients , and spiritual well-being is related to anxiety and depression , growth , and pain . The negative correlation of spirituality with growth differs from the results of previous studies and the mechanism of this effect needs to be investigated further Background The increasing prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescent girls is alarming . Knowledge of beneficial effects of physical activity on psychological health is widespread . Dance is a popular form of exercise that could be a protective factor in preventing and treating symptoms of depression . The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a dance intervention in addition to usual school health services for adolescent girls with internalizing problems , compared with usual school health services alone . Methods A cost-utility analysis from a societal perspective based on a r and omized controlled intervention trial was performed . The setting was a city in central Sweden with a population of 130 000 . A total of 112 adolescent girls , 13–18 years old , with internalizing problems participated in the study . They were r and omly assigned to intervention ( n = 59 ) or control ( n = 53 ) group . The intervention comprised dance twice weekly during eight months in addition to usual school health services . Costs for the stakeholder of the intervention , treatment effect and healthcare costs were considered . Gained quality -adjusted life-years ( QALYs ) were used to measure the effects . Quality of life was measured with the Health Utility Index Mark 3 . Cost-effectiveness ratios were based on the changes in QALYs and net costs for the intervention group compared with the control group . Likelihood of cost-effectiveness was calculated . Results At 20 months , quality of life had increased by 0.08 units more in the intervention group than in the control group ( P = .04 ) , translating to 0.10 gained QALYs . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was USD $ 3,830 per QALY and the likelihood of cost-effectiveness was 95 % . Conclusions Intervention with dance twice weekly in addition to usual school health services may be considered cost-effective compared with usual school health services alone , for adolescent girls with internalizing problems . Trial registration Name of the trial registry : “ Influencing Adolescent Girls ’ With Creative Dance Twice Weekly”Trial registration number : Background : The Social Functioning Question naire ( SFQ ) , an eight-item selfreport scale ( score range 0–24 ) , was developed from the Social Functioning Schedule ( SFS ) , a semi-structured interview which has been used primarily with non-psychotic patients and has good test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as construct validity . The SFQ was developed following the need for a quick assessment of perceived social function . Aims : To give further details of old and new data sets from studies involving over 4000 subjects assessed with the SFQ illustrating its epidemiological and clinical associations . Method : New data were analysed from a national epidemiological study , a comparison of key-worker and subject versions of the SFQ , and re analysis of data from three earlier clinical studies , of psychiatric emergencies , general practice psychiatric patients and those with recurrent psychotic illnesses . These data were examined further to determine their range , their relationship to other clinical measures , and change over time in clinical trials . Results : The  population mean score in 4164 subjects was 4.6 and the data from all studies suggested that a score of 10 or more indicated poor social functioning . Those presenting as psychiatric emergencies had the poorest social function ( mean 11.4 ) and psychiatric patients from general practice the best function ( mean 7.7 ) of the clinical population s. The eight item scores had a normal distribution in psychiatric population s and a skewed one in a normal population ; scores were relatively stable over the short ( weeks ) and long-term ( months ) , and were high in the presence of acute mental health disturbance and personality disorder , giving support to the validity of the scale . The results from a UK sample of a r and omly selected population specifically weighted for ethnic minorities showed similar social function across groups OBJECTIVE In 2006 the psychosomatic day hospital for the treatment of acute mental illness of elderly people opened as the first clinic of its kind in Germany . The aim of this study was to determine treatment effectiveness and identify possible effects on health care utilization . METHODS Design ed as a naturalistic study with waiting time before admission as a control condition , the primary outcome was the level of depressive symptoms as measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale . Secondary outcomes were depressive and somatoform symptoms and syndromes as measured with the patient health question naire , patient perception of interpersonal problems and health care use before and after treatment . RESULTS After treatment significant improvement ( p<0.01 ) with moderate effect sizes ( ES ) was found in all variables from admission to discharge ( ES from 0.3 to 0.8 ) and also to follow-up ( ES from 0.2 to 0.6 ) . Improvement remained stable at follow-up . Furthermore , after psychosomatic treatment a reduction in medical service usage was visible . Number of consultations ( pre : 13 , post : 9 ) , number and length of hospital stays ( pre : 1 , 7 weeks , post : 0 , 3 weeks ) were both significantly ( p<0.001 ) reduced six months after treatment as compared to the period six months prior to treatment . CONCLUSION Results indicate that the psychosomatic day hospital treatment of the elderly is successful . Reduced usage of health care and the lower costs for day hospital treatment compared to inpatient treatment point to a positive cost-effect-ratio . Exp and ing this psychosomatic intervention would be useful in reducing the current gap in mental health care for the elderly BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are common among older adults , particularly those living in long-term care facilities . However , little is known about factors associated with depressive symptoms among long-term care residents in the Czech Republic and in other Eastern European countries . Moreover , the role of mobility and pain in depressive symptoms among long-term care residents is relatively understudied . OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between functional status and depressive symptoms in 308 older adults from residential care facilities ( RCFs ) in the Czech Republic . METHOD We used baseline data from two r and omized controlled trials testing the effects of dance and reminiscence therapies on quality of life in older RCF residents .  Functional status was measured as cognitive function , general ability to perform basic Activities of Daily Living ( ADLs ) , mobility , and functional limitation by pain . Depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale . RESULTS In multiple regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors and taking antidepressants , we found that cognitive function and functional limitation by pain were most strongly associated with depressive symptoms . The ability to perform basic ADLs and mobility were also related to depressive symptoms . CONCLUSION Our findings suggest factors that may be important in efforts to improve psychological well-being in this population The present study has been carried out to investigate the effects of group-based Turkish folkloric dances on physical performance , balance , depression and quality of life ( QoL ) in 40 healthy adult elderly females over the age of 65 years . Subjects were r and omly allocated into Group 1 ( folkloric dance-based exercise ) and Group 2 ( control ) . A 8-week dance-based exercise program was performed . Outcome measures included a 20-m walk test , a 6-min walk test , stair climbing and chair rise time , Berg balance scale ( BBS ) , the Medical Outcomes Study ( MOS ) 36-item short form health survey ( SF-36 ) , and geriatric depression scale ( GDS ) question naires . In Group 1 statistically significant improvements were found in most of the physical performance tests , BBS and some SF-36 subscales after the exercise ( p<0.05 ) . In the Group 2 there was no clinical ly significant change in the variables . Comparing the groups , significant improvements in favor of Group 1 have emerged in most of the functional performance tests , in some of the SF-36 subscales and BBS score ( p<0.05 ) . We achieved improvements in physical performance , balance and QoL in elderly females . Application of folkloric dance specific to countries as an exercise program for elderly people may be helpful BACKGROUND In order to improve the treatment of medication-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia , new interventions are needed . Neuropsychological considerations and older reports in the literature point towards a potential benefit of body-oriented psychological therapy ( BPT ) . This is the first r and omized controlled trial specifically design ed to test the effectiveness of manualized BPT on negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia . METHOD Out- patients with DSM-IV continuous schizophrenia were r and omly allocated to either BPT ( n=24 ) or supportive counseling ( SC , n=21 ) . Both therapies were administered in small groups in addition to treatment as usual ( 20 sessions over 10 weeks ) . Changes in negative symptom scores on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale 
    Output:
    
The low- quality evidence from three small trials with 147 participants does not allow any firm conclusions to be drawn regarding the effectiveness of DMT for depression .