***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective This study was design ed to determine the effect of clofibrate on neonatal uncomplicated jaundice treated with home phototherapy . Methods This clinical trial study was performed on 60 newborns with jaundice that received home phototherapy . Inclusion criteria were body weight between 2500 to 4000 gr , breastfed , total serum bilirubin ( TSB ) between 14 to 20 mg/dl , aged over 72 hours . The neonates were r and omly divided into two groups . All received home phototherapy . Group I received a single dose of 50 mg/kg clofibrate and the other group served as control group .  Total serum bilirubin level  was measured every 24 hours . Findings Two groups were matched regarding weight , sex , age and first TSB . At 24 and 48 hours of treatment , the mean values of TSB in the clofibrate group were 13.72 ( 1.56 ) , 9.5 ( 0.56 ) and in the control group 15.30 ( 1.44 ) , 12.6 ( 1.44 ) . The results show that TSB was significantly decreased after 24 and 48 hours in clofibrate group ( P<0.001 ) . The mean duration of phototherapy in group I was 72(0.0 ) hours and in the control group 76.80 ( ±9.76 ) hours . The duration of phototherapy was significantly shorter in clofibrate group ( P<0.001 ) . Conclusion Clofibrate is effective for out patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia who are under home phototherapy . Of course , further studies are needed for approved routine use of this drug in the treatment of neonatal jaundice BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in newborn infants . It can progress to kernicterus in severe forms , unless an intervention is initiated . The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of clofibrate in full-term neonates with nonhemolytic jaundice . METHODS A r and omized clinical trial was performed on two groups of full-term jaundiced neonates : the clofibrate-treated group ( n = 30 ) and the control group ( n = 30 ) . Infants in the clofibrate  group received a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg clofibrate while the neonates in the control group received distilled water ( same color and volume ) ; both groups received phototherapy .  Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were measured at the beginning , 16 , 24 , 48 , and 74 hours , after the start of the trial . RESULTS The mean+/-SD total serum bilirubin level of the control and clofibrate groups at enrollment was 17.5+/-2.3 and 18.2+/-1.9 mg/dL , respectively ( P = 0.199 ) . The mean+/-SD total serum bilirubin in the control and clofibrate groups after 48 hours was 11.4+/-2.4 and 10.1+/-2.4 mg/dL , respectively ( P = 0.047 ) . After 72 hours of intervention , 25 ( 83 % ) neonates of the clofibrate group and 16 ( 53 % ) of the control group were discharged with a total serum bilirubin of < 10 mg/dL ( P = 0.026 ) . No side-effect was observed on serial examination during hospitalization , and on the first and seventh day after discharge . CONCLUSION Clofibrate results in a faster decline in TSB , shorter duration of hospitalization and had no side effects in jaundiced full-term neonates Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) deficiency may cause severe hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubin encephalopathy unless intervention is initiated . The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of clofibrate in full term G6PD deficient neonates with jaundice . A r and omized clinical trial study was performed in two groups of full-term G6PD deficient jaundiced neonates ( clofibrate treated group , n = 21 ; control group , n = 19 ) . Infants in the clofibrate group received a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg clofibrate , whereas control group received nothing . Both groups were treated with phototherapy .  Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were measured at the onset of treatments , 16 , 24 and 48 hours later . On enrollment , the mean total serum bilirubin ( TSB ) level in the clofibrate treated group was 18.40 + /- 2.41 and in the control group was 17.49 + /- 1.03 ( p = 0.401 ) . At 16 , 24 and 48 hours of treatment , the mean TSB in the clofibrate group were 15.2 + /- 1.9 , 12.6 + /- 2.4 , and 10.1 + /- 2.4 and in the control group were 16.5 + /- 1.2 , 13.3 + /- 2.2 and 11.4 + /- 2.4 , respectively ( p = 0.047 ) . At 48 hours , 7 ( 33 % ) cases in the clofibrate group and one ( 5 % ) case in the control group were discharged with a TSB < 10 mg/dl ( p = 0.031 ) . No side effects were observed on serial examinations during hospitalization , or on the 1st and 7th days after discharge . The results show that clofibrate induces a faster decline in serum total bilirubin level , a shorter duration of phototherapy , and hospitalization with no side effects in full-term G6PD deficient neonates with jaundice A double blind therapeutic trial of ethyl clofibrate as a preventive treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates was performed in neonates of gestational ages ranging between 31 and 36 weeks . Forty-six children were given the treatment and 43 a placebo .  A single 100 mg/kg dose of ethyl clofibrate was administered orally , between the 24th and the 48th hour of life . Significant results in the treated neonates are as follows : a lesser intensity of jaundice from the 48th hour of treatment ; a lesser need for repeated bilirubinemia assay for the control of evolution and a lesser use of phototherapy if the serum concentration of clofibric acid is above or equal to the 140 micrograms therapeutic level before the 24th hour of treatment . The analysis of results also shows that the therapeutic clofibric acid serum level is reduced in 66 % of neonates of relatively high gestational ages ( 34 - 36 weeks ) and in 33 % only of neonates of lower gestational ages ( 31 - 33 weeks ) . This study , added to the previous therapeutic trial performed in at term neonates , shows the efficacy of clofibrate in the preventive treatment of  hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates . Further studies will allow to define the exact dosage according to gestational age BACKGROUND Despite an underst and ing of the enzymatic pathways leading to bilirubin production and degradation , very few pharmacologic interventions are utilized and the mainstay of treatment remains phototherapy . AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of clofibrate in reducing total serum bilirubin levels in late pre-term neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice . DESIGN AND SETTING Double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized trial ; tertiary level neonatal unit . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omized controlled study was carried out in the neonatal ward of Children 's Hospital , Tabriz , Iran , over a 1-year period . Sixty-eight healthy late pre-term infants readmitted with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia were r and omized to receive phototherapy and clofibrate ( n= 35 ) or phototherapy and placebo ( n= 33 ) . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Chi-square test and independent sample ' t ' test . RESULTS There were no significant differences in the weight , gender , modes of delivery and age of neonates between the two groups . Similarly the mean total serum bilirubin ( TSB ) level at the time of admission was not significantly different between the two groups [ mean+/- SD : 19.72 + /- 1.79 ( 95 % confidence interval : 19.12 - 20.54 mg/dL ) vs. 20.05 + /- 2.82 ( 95 % confidence interval , 19.54 - 22.04 mg/dL ) , P= 0.57 ] . The mean TSB 48 hours after phototherapy [ mean+/- SD : 8.06+/- 1.34 ( 95 % confidence interval : 7.94 - 10.18 mg/dL ) vs.10.94 + /- 2.87 ( 95 % confidence interval : 9.92 - 12.16 mg/dL ) , P= 0.02 ] and the mean duration of phototherapy [ mean+/- SD : 64.32 + /- 12.48 ( 95 % confidence interval : 60 - 81.6 hours ) vs. 87.84 + /- 29.76 ( 95 % confidence interval : 79.2 - 108 hours ) , P < 0.001 ] were significantly lower in the clofibrate-treated group . CONCLUSIONS Clofibrate is an effective adjunctive drug in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia , which results in decreased TSB level and reduced duration of phototherapy in late pre-term newborns A double blind controlled study of the therapeutic effect of clofibrate , an inductor of bilirubin glucuronyl transferase , was performed in neonates born at term and presenting with physiologic jaundice . 47 children were treated with a single oral dose of clofibrate . 46 control children were given corn oil alone .  Results show that mean plasma bilirubin levels are significantly lower in the treated group as compared with the control group , from the 16th hour of treatment , if there is no ABO incompatibility . Clofibrate treatment also result ed in a shorter duration of jaundice and a restricted use of phototherapy . No undesirable side-effect was observed 
    Output:
    
These effects were especially obvious in term infants and infants without hemolytic diseases .
Conclusions Clofibrate may have short-term benefits for the infants with hyperbilirubinaemia , especially for population of term infants and infants without hemolytic diseases .