***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe our laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( LNSRH ) technique and to assess the feasibility and safety of the procedure , as well as its impact on voiding function . We introduce a fascia space dissection technique in order to preserve the pelvic splanchnic nerve , the hypogastric nerve and the bladder branch of the inferior hypogastric plexus under magnification ( ×10.5 ) during laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) with pelvic lymphadenectomy . METHODS From October 2006 to November 2009 , 163 consecutive patients with cervical cancer underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) and pelvic lymphadenectomy , with 82 women undergoing LNSRH with fascia space dissection technique ( LNSRH group ) and 81 undergoing LRH ( LRH group ) . Data from 163 patients were prospect ively collected and compared . Post-operative assessment of bladder function included the following : the time to recover the ability to void spontaneously and to achieve a post-void residual urine ( PVR ) volume of less than 50 ml , with urination function grade d. RESULTS The laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy procedure was completed successfully and was conducted safely in all of the patients . There were no conversions to open surgery in the two groups . The median operative duration in the LNSRH and the LRH groups were 163.52±34.47 min and 132.13±31.42 min , respectively . Blood loss was 142.12±62.38 ml and 187.69±68.63 ml , respectively . The time taken to obtain a post-void residual urine volume of less than 50 ml after removal of the urethral catheter was 7.42±2.35 d ( 5 - 18 d ) in LNSRH group and was 16.75±7.73 d ( 5 - 35 d ) in LRH group ( P<0.05 ) . The bladder void function recovery to Grade s 0-I was 76 ( 92.7 % ) for the LNSRH group and 59 ( 72.8 % ) for the LRH group . A mean follow-up of 22.3 ( 5 - 42 ) months was adhered to , and no patient had a recurrence or metastasis . CONCLUSIONS The technique described in this preliminary study appears to be safe , feasible , and easy in our population , with satisfactory recovery of voiding function STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy ( LMRH ) with traditional modified radical hysterectomy ( MRH ) in women with early invasive cervical cancer . DESIGN Prospect i ve , nonr and omized study ( Canadian Task Force classification II-1 ) . SETTING Chi Mei Foundation Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan . PATIENTS Ten women with cervical cancer stage Ia2 to Ib1 ( < /=2 cm ) . Intervention . LMRH ( class II radical hysterectomy ) and pelvic lymphadenectomy . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The pathologist examined all specimens . The width of parametrium ( mean + /- SD ) was 1.75 + /- 0.68 cm on the right and 1.70 + /- 0.54 cm on the left . The length of the vaginal cuff was 1.37 + /- 0.86 cm . Operating time for LMRH ( 159 + /- 26.4 min ) was similar to that for MRH ( 165.7 + /- 30.5 min ) . Postoperative hospitalization for LMRH ( 4.1 + /- 1.5 days ) and estimated blood loss ( 250 + /- 147.2 ml ) were significantly less than for MRH ( 8.3 + /- 4.4 days and 611.5 + /- 256.8 ml , respectively ) . No intraoperative complications occurred , and no patient experienced postoperative voiding dysfunction or constipation . CONCLUSIONS Based on preliminary results , LMRH is feasible for treatment of early invasive cervical cancer , and may become preferred for surgical staging of the disease Background R and omised Controlled Trials ( RCTs ) are the preferred study design when comparing therapeutical interventions in medicine . To improve clarity , consistency and transparency of reporting RCTs , the Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) statement was developed . Objectives ( 1 ) To assess the quality of reports and abstract s of RCTs in otorhinolaryngologic literature by using CONSORT checklists , ( 2 ) to compare the quality of reports and abstract s of otorhinolaryngologic RCTs between the top 5 general medical journals and top 5 otorhinolaryngologic journals , and ( 3 ) to formulate recommendations for authors and editors of otorhinolaryngologic ( ‘ ENT ’ ) journals . Methods Based on 2012 ISI Web of Knowledge impact factors , the top 5 general medical and ENT journals were selected . On 25 June 2014 , using a highly sensitive Cochrane RCT filter and ENT filter , possibly relevant articles since January 1st , 2010 were retrieved and relevant RCTs were selected . We assessed how many CONSORT items were reported adequately in reports and abstract s and compared the two journal types . Results Otorhinolaryngologic RCTs ( n = 15 ) published in general medical journals reported a mean of 92.1 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 89.5%–94.7 % ) of CONSORT items adequately , whereas RCTs ( n = 18 ) published in ENT journals reported a mean of 71.8 % ( 66.7%–76.8 % ) adequately ( p < 0.001 ) . For abstract s , means of 70.0 % ( 63.7%–76.3 % ) and 32.3 % ( 26.6–38.0 % ) were found respectively ( p < 0.001 ) . Large differences for specific items exist between the two journal types . Conclusion The quality of reporting of RCTs in otorhinolaryngologic journals is suboptimal . RCTs published in general medical journals have a higher quality of reporting than RCTs published in ENT journals . We recommend authors to report their trial according to the CONSORT Statement and advise editors to endorse the CONSORT Statement and implement the CONSORT Statement in the editorial process to ensure more adequate reporting of RCTs and their abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate bladder and intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life after  laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( LNRH )  for treatment of early invasive cervical carcinoma . METHODS Subjects included patients who underwent radical hysterectomy by laparotomy who were r and omly assigned to 2 groups : 30 patients who underwent LNRH and 35 classical laparoscopic radical hysterectomy ( LRH ) .  We assessed the patients general clinical information , surgical characteristics , pathological findings , and adjuvant therapies . A urodynamic study was used to assess bladder function . Intestinal function recovery and quality of sexual life were evaluated by question naire . RESULTS No significant differences were found in age , surgery characteristics , pathological findings , adjuvant therapies , and main adverse effects between the 2 groups . The mean duration of the postoperative catheterization ( DPC ) in group LNRH was shorter than that in group LRH ( P < 0.001 ) . The maximum flow rate , maximum cystometric capacity , maximum detrusor pressure and urinary complications in group LNRH were better than those in group LRH . The quality of sexual life evaluated according to the female sexual function index ( FSFI ) was better in group LNRH than in those who underwent LRH . The intestinal function of patients in group LNRH also recovered better compared with patients in group LRH Background Nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy ( NSRH ) was developed in an attempt to minimize complications after radical hysterectomy . Since 2008 , a modified NSRH‐nerve plane‐sparing radical hysterectomy ( NPSRH ) has been developed at the Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences . The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NPSRH in improving postoperative pelvic visceral dysfunctions . Methods Eighty‐three patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ( FIGO ) stage IB1‐IIA2 cervical cancer received NPSRH ( the study group ) from January 2008 to October 2012 . One hundred and sixty‐six patients who underwent conventional radical hysterectomy ( CRH ) were r and omly selected as the control group . Age , pathological type and stage were matched between the two groups . The safety of surgery was assessed by duration of operation and blood transfusion rate . Postoperative short‐term bladder function was analyzed by duration of catheterization . Long‐term bladder , anorectal and sexual function were evaluated with question naires . Results Seventy‐eight patients ( 94.0 % ) in the NPSRH group and one hundred and sixty patients ( 96.4 % ) in the CRH group completed the study . Median follow‐up time was 31.9 months and 31.0 months respectively ( P=0.708 ) . There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age , body mass index , FIGO stage , pathologic type , preoperative and postoperative therapy ( P > 0.05 ) . The blood transfusion rate shared no difference between two groups ( P=0.364 ) . The operation time in the NPSRH group was significantly longer than CRH group ( P < 0.01 ) . But the duration of catheterization and hospitalization in the NPSRH group was significantly reduced compared with CRH group ( P < 0.01 ) . In addition , the incidence of long‐term urinary frequency , urinary incontinence , urinary retention , straining to void , constipation and diarrhea was significantly lower in the NPSRH group ( P < 0.05 ) . However , there was no significant difference regarding sexual function ( P > 0.05 ) . Conclusions The current evidence indicated that NPSRH  improved long‐term bladder function compared to CRH . Moreover , it may improve long‐term anorectal function as well The objective of this study is to describe a technique for preserving the autonomic nerve systematic ally , including the hypogastric nerves , pelvic splanchnic nerves , and pelvic plexus and its vesical branches , based on anatomic considerations for the autonomic nerves innervating the urinary bladder , in radical hysterectomies and to assess postsurgical bladder function . A nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was carried out on 27 consecutive patients with uterine cervical cancer treated between 2000 and 2002 . The FIGO stages of the disease consisted of 10 stage Ib1 , 6 stage Ib2 , 3 stage IIa , and 8 stage IIb . The nerve-sparing procedure was successfully completed in 22 of the 27 patients ( 81.5 % ) in the study . At 1 year after the operation , bladder symptoms were significantly improved in the nerve-sparing group compared to the non – nerve-sparing group . Urinary incontinence and abnormal ( diminished ) bladder sensation were observed in three of the five patients ( two patients had both symptoms ) , for whom the nerve-sparing procedure could not be performed , but none of the 22 patients for whom the nerve-sparing procedure was performed had incontinence , and only two patients had abnormal ( increased ) bladder sensation ( P = 0.0034 for incontinence and P = 0.030 for abnormal bladder sensation ) . The patients ' survival was not adversely affected by the nerve-sparing procedure . Although it is still preliminary , the surgical technique described in this report is thought to be effective for preserving bladder function , and thus , the quality of life could be improved for patients with cervical cancer who are treated with a radical hysterectomy . For further evaluation of the efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy , a prospect i ve r and omized trial needs to be performed OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomy of pelvic autonomic nerves as it applies to nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy , and the technique , feasibility , and results of robotic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy . METHODS Prospect i ve evaluation of 6 patients undergoing robotic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( type C1 ) for cervical cancer Stage IB ( 1B1 in 3 and 1B2 in 3 patients ) .  Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 3 patients and pelvic and aortic in the remaining 3 patients . RESULTS The operation was completed in all patients . The mean age of the patients was 51.0 ( range 33 - 73 ) and mean BMI 27.8 ( range 23.2 - 35.1 ) . The mean operating time was 238.6 min ( range 207 - 256 ) , mean blood loss 135 ml ( range 100 - 150 ) , mean number of lymph nodes was 23.6 ( range 19 - 29 ) , mean hospital stay was 2 days ( range 1 - 4 ) . There were no intraoperative complications . Postoperative complications occurred in 1 patient with an ileus who required an extended hospital stay . One 
    Output:
    
Nerve sparing radical hysterectomy is associated with reduced lower urinary tract dysfunction .