***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Evidence -based practice involves the use of evidence from systematic review s and r and omised controlled trials , but the extent of this evidence in physiotherapy has not previously been surveyed . The aim of this survey is to describe the quantity and quality of r and omised controlled trials and the quantity of systematic review s relevant to physiotherapy . The Physiotherapy Evidence Data base ( PEDro ) was search ed . The quality of trials was assessed with the PEDro scale . The search identified a total of 2,376 r and omised controlled trials and 332 systematic review s. The first trial was published in 1955 and the first review was published in 1982 . Since that time , the number of trials and review s has grown exponentially . The mean PEDro quality score has increased from 2.8 in trials published between 1955 and 1959 to 5.0 for trials published between 1995 and 1999 . There is a substantial body of evidence about the effects of physiotherapy . However , there remains scope for improvements in the quality of the conduct and reporting of clinical trials OBJECTIVE This article presents the results of laser therapy in crystal ( hydroxyapatite , calcium pyrophosphate , and urates ) deposition-induced arthritis in rats and the clinical applications in humans . BACKGROUND DATA Microcrystalline arthropathies are prevalent among geriatric patients , who are more vulnerable to the side effects of drugs . The effectiveness of laser therapy for pain relief , free of side effects , has been reported in painful conditions . METHODS Two milligrams of each of the above-mentioned crystals was injected in both joints of the back limbs in three groups of rats ; these groups were then treated with laser irradiation . Three other groups received no treatment after the injections . We determined the plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers ( fibrinogen , prostagl and in E2 , and TNF(alpha ) ) , tissues ( prostagl and in E(2 ) ) and conducted anatomopathological studies . Twenty-five patients with acute gout arthritis were r and omized into two groups and treated over 5 days : group A , diclofenac 75 mg orally , twice a day ; and group B , laser irradiation once a day . Forty-nine patients with knee chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy were r and omized into two groups and treated over 21 days ; group A , diclofenac 50 mg orally , twice a day ; and group B , laser irradiation once a day . Thirty patients with shoulder chronic hydroxyapatite arthropathy were r and omized into two groups and treated over 21 days ; group A , diclofenac 50 mg orally , twice a day ; and group B , laser irradiation once a day . RESULTS Fibrinogen , prostagl and in E(2 ) , and TNF(alpha ) concentrations in the rats injected with crystals and treated with laser decreased significantly as compared with the groups injected with crystals without treatment . Both laser therapy and diclofenac achieved rapid pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis without significant differences in efficacy . Laser therapy was more effective than diclofenac in patients with chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy and in patients with chronic apatite deposition disease . CONCLUSION Laser therapy represents an effective treatment in the therapeutic arsenal of microcrystalline arthropathies The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of low level laser therapy on subjects with intra-articular temporom and ibular disorders ( IA-TMD ) , and to quantify and compare severity of signs and symptoms before , during , and after the laser applications . The sample consisted of 45 subjects r and omly divided into three groups ( G ) of 15 subjects each : G-I :  15 individuals with IA-TMD su bmi tted to an energy dose of 52.5 J/cm2 ; G-II : dose of 105.0 J/cm2 ; and G-III : placebo group ( 0 J/cm2 ) . In all groups , the applications were performed on condylar points on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles . Two weekly sessions were held for five weeks , totaling 10 applications . The assessed variables were : m and ibular movements and painful symptoms evoked by muscle palpation . These variables were measured before starting the study , then immediately after the first , fifth , and tenth laser application , and finally , 32 days after completing the applications . The results showed that there were statistically significant differences for G-I and G-II at the level of 1 % between the doses , as well as between assessment s. Therefore , it was concluded that the use of low level laser increased the mean m and ibular range of motion and reduced painful symptoms in the groups that received effective treatment , which did not occur in the placebo group OBJECTIVE The present study compared the effects of gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser and healing oil on fibroblasts , blood vessels , and collagen maturation of skin wounds in Wistar rats . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four male rats weighing 325 ± 27 g were used . Five wounds , 12 mm in diameter , were made on the animals ' backs . The rats were r and omly divided into four groups with six animals in each group . CONTROL GROUP saline solution ; L30 group : 30 J/cm(2 ) laser ; L60 group : 60 J/cm(2 ) laser ; Oil group : healing oil .  Histomorphometric analysis was performed on the scar tissue removed from the different wounds every 4 d for 20 d. RESULTS On day 4 , there were significantly more fibroblasts in the wounds treated with the laser and the healing oil compared to the controls . On day 8 , there were significantly more fibroblasts in the oil group compared to the L30 and L60 groups . On the same day , the quantity of vessels was significantly greater in the L60 group compared to the other groups . On day 16 , there was a significant increase in the number of blood vessels in the wounds treated with the 60 J/cm(2 ) laser compared to the other groups . Analysis of the collagen maturation index throughout the experiment showed significantly higher values in the L60 group compared to the other groups at all time points . CONCLUSION The healing oil exerted a greater effect on fibroblast proliferation , whereas the 60 J/cm(2 ) laser was more effective in stimulating angiogenesis and scar-tissue maturation This study aim ed to evaluate the effectiveness of low intensity laser therapy ( LILT ) in 30 patients presenting temporom and ibular joint ( TMJ ) pain and m and ibular dysfunction in a r and om and double-blind research design . The sample , divided into experimental group ( 1 ) and placebo group ( 2 ) , was su bmi tted to the treatment with infrared laser ( 780 nm , 30 mW , 10 s , 6.3 J/cm(2 ) ) at three TMJ points . The treatment was evaluated throughout six sessions and 15 , 30 and 60 days after the end of the therapy , through visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , range of m and ibular movements and TMJ pressure pain threshold . The results showed a reduction in VAS ( p < 0.001 ) and through the ANOVA with repeated measures it was observed that the groups did not present statistically significant differences ( P = 0.2060 ) , as the averages of the evaluation times ( P = 0.3955 ) and the interaction groups evaluation times ( P = 0.3024 ) , considering the MVO . The same occurred for RLE ( P = 0.2988 , P = 0.1762 and P = 0.7970 ) , LLE ( P = 0.3265 , P = 0.4143 and P = 0.0696 ) , PPTD ( P = 0.1558 , P = 0.4695 and P = 0.0737 ) and PPTE ( P = 0.2376 , P = 0.3203 and P = 0.0624 ) . For PE , there were not statistically significant differences for groups ( P = 0.7017 ) and the interaction groups evaluation times ( P = 0.6678 ) , even so in both groups the PE varied with time ( P = 0.0069 ) AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) in patients presenting with temporom and ibular disorder ( TMD ) in a r and om and placebo-controlled research design . METHODS The sample consisted of 40 patients , divided into an experimental group ( G1 ) and a placebo group ( G2 ) . The treatment was done with an infrared laser ( 830 nm , 500mW , 20s , 4J/point ) at the painful points , once a week for four consecutive weeks . The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment through a Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) and the Craniom and ibular Index ( CMI ) . RESULTS The baseline and posttherapy values of VAS and CMI were compared by the paired T-test , separately for the placebo and laser groups . A significant difference was observed between initial and final values ( p < 0.05 ) in both groups . Baseline and post-therapy values of pain and CMI were compared in the therapy groups by the two- sample T-test , yet no significant differences were observed regarding VAS and CMI ( p > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION After either placebo or laser therapy , pain and temporom and ibular symptoms were significantly lower , although there was no significant difference between groups . The low-level laser therapy was not effective in the treatment of TMD , when compared to the placebo OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) in the treatment of myogenic originated temporom and ibular disorders ( TMD ) . BACKGROUND DATA Limited studies have demonstrated that LLLT may have a therapeutic effect on the treatment of TMD . METHODS Thirty-nine patients with myogenic TMD-associated orofacial pain , limited m and ibular movements , chewing difficulties , and tender points were included in this study . Twenty-four of them were treated with LLLT for 10 sessions per day excluding weekends as test group , and 15 patients with the same protocol received placebo laser treatment as a control group . These parameters were assessed just before , just after , and 1 month after the treatment . RESULTS Maximal mouth-opening improvement , and reductions in pain and chewing difficulty were statistically significant in the test group when compared with the control group . Statistically significant improvements were also detected between two groups regarding reduction in the number of tender points . CONCLUSION Based on the results of this placebo-controlled report , LLLT is an appropriate treatment for TMD and should be considered as an alternative to other methods Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low intensity laser therapy ( LILT ) for the control of  pain  from temporom and ibular disorder ( TMD ) in a r and om and double-blind research design . Forty-eight ( 48 ) patients presenting temporom and ibular joint ( TMJ ) pain were divided into an experimental group ( GI ) and a placebo group ( GII ) . The sample was su bmi tted to the treatment with infrared laser ( 780 nm , 70 mW , 10 s , 89.7 J/cm2 ) applied in continuous mode on the affected temporom and ibular region , at one point : inside the external auditive duct toward the retrodiskal region , twice a week , for four weeks . For the control group , two identical probes ( one active and one that does not emit radiation ) were used unknown by the clinician and the subjects . A tip planned for laser acupuncture was used and connected to the active point of the probe . The parameter evaluated was the intensity of pain after palpation of the condylar lateral pole , pre-auricular region and external auditive duct , according to the Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) . Four evaluations were performed : Ev1 ( before laser application ) , Ev2 ( after 4th application ) , Ev3 ( after 8th application ) and Ev4 ( 30 days after the last application ) . Data were su bmi tted to statistical analysis . The results showed a decrease in the pain level mainly for the active probe . Among the evaluations , the Ev3 exhibited lower sensitivity to palpation . In conclusion , the results show that low intensity laser is an effective therapy for the pain control of subjects with TMD OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) in the management of temporom and ibular joint ( TMJ ) pain  in a r and om and double-blind research design . STUDY DESIGN TMJ pain patients , r and omly assigned , received 2 to 3 treatments per week for 8 weeks of active LLLT ( Helium Neon , 632.8 nm , 30 mW ) ( n = 26 ) or sham LLLT ( n = 26 ) . Measures of TMJ pain during function were evaluated at baseline and weeks 2 , 4 , and 8 after the first laser therapy . RESULTS At the 8-week point , within-group improvements were present for TMJ pain during function , for both the active and sham LLLT groups ( P = .000 ) . Between-group differences were not highly evident ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSION The study suggests that LLLT is not better than placebo at reducing TMJ pain during function Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of Low Intensity Laser Therapy ( LILT ) and its influence on masticatory efficiency in patients with temporom and ibular dysfunction ( TMD ) . This study was performed using a r and om , placebo-controlled , and double-blind research design . Fourteen patients were 
    Output:
    
[ Conclusion ] Use of LLLT on the masticatory muscle or joint capsule for TMJ pain had a moderate analgesic effect .