***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This experimental pilot study compared postrelease outcomes for 115 women who participated in prison-based substance abuse treatment .  Women were r and omized to a gender-responsive treatment ( GRT ) program using manualized curricula ( Helping Women Recover and Beyond Trauma ) or a st and ard prison-based therapeutic community . Data were collected from the participants at prison program entry and 6 and 12 months after release . Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted . Results indicate that both groups improved in psychological well-being ; however , GRT participants had greater reductions in drug use , were more likely to remain in residential aftercare longer ( 2.6 vs. 1.8 months , p < .05 ) , and were less likely to have been reincarcerated within 12 months after parole ( 31 % vs. 45 % , respectively ; a 67 % reduction in odds for the experimental group , p < .05 ) . Findings show the beneficial effects of treatment components oriented toward women 's needs and support the integration of GRT in prison programs for women Objective : This trial compared Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction , adapted for therapeutic community treatment ( MBTC ) , with treatment as usual ( TAU ) for reducing stress and increasing retention in a residential facility for substance use disorders . Method : Four-hundred and fifty-nine participants , who met DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence were recruited ( TAU = 164 , MBTC = 295 ) . Results : A survival analysis of time to dropout did not show a significant difference between groups , however level of participation in MBTC was associated with decreased likelihood of dropout ( p = < .01 ) , and higher Symptoms of Stress Inventory ( SOSI ) scores at baseline were associated with increased likelihood of dropout ( p = .03 ) . Conclusion : The association between retention and level of stress on intake as well as level of participation in MBTC provides support for further research on integrating MBTC into therapeutic community treatment Correctional systems nationwide have increasingly turned to therapeutic community ( TC ) programs for the treatment of addiction in prisons .  TC treatment , with modifications , has shown considerable promise in treating offenders who have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders , a group that has a mounting prevalence in prison population s. This article reports data from a study that r and omly assigned male inmates with mental illness and chemical abuse ( MICA ) disorders ( n = 139 ) to either a Modified TC ( MTC ) or a comparison group . Analyses revealed that the MTC group had significantly greater declines in alcohol and drug use at 12-months post-prison release . Additional analysis related positive substance use outcomes to reduced contact with the justice system and self-reported criminal activity . Implication s for treatment and policy are discussed This study , which was conducted in an outpatient substance abuse treatment program , r and omly assigned clients with mental health symptoms to either a control group , which received basic program services , or an experimental group , which was configured as a modified therapeutic community ( TC ) track , with the addition of modified TC features and three specific elements-psychoeducational seminar , trauma-informed addictions treatment , and case management . The experimental group had significantly better outcomes as compared with the control group on measures of psychiatric severity and on the key measure of housing stability ; no difference was observed for substance use , crime , and employment . The findings must be qualified because ( a ) only 3 of 34 representative measures ( < 10 % ) showed significant differential treatment effects and ( b ) analysis revealed partial implementation of the enhancements . The study provides modest support for the effectiveness , on specific outcomes , of outpatient substance abuse treatment programs that add modified TC features and targeted interventions to strengthen their capacity to treat co-occurring disorders A social policy experiment is presented that was conducted from 1997 to 2000 in a setting with a high level of readiness for implementing a r and omized experiment of therapeutic community ( TC ) drug treatment training in Peru . Seventy-six drug abuse treatment organizations were r and omly assigned into three groups , and data were collected at multiple assessment periods . Staff and directors in organizations assigned to the training groups participated in either 6-week basic training or 8-week basic plus booster training sessions , which were theoretically grounded . Small- to medium-size positive effects were found on increased staff empowerment to use actual tools and principles from the training ; medium and large positive effects were found on the implementation of TC methods with fidelity after the training . A follow-up with the funding and training organizations 1 year later showed use of the evaluation results in decision making in both organizations Whereas strong efficacy research has been conducted on novel treatment approaches for adolescent substance abusers , little is known about the effectiveness of the substance abuse treatment approaches most commonly available to youths , their families , and referring agencies . This report compares the 12-month outcomes of  adolescent probationers ( N = 449 ) who received either Phoenix Academy , a therapeutic community for adolescents that uses a treatment model that is widely implemented across the U.S. , or an alternative probation disposition .  Across many pretreatment risk factors for relapse and recidivism , groups were well matched after case-mix adjustment . Repeated measures analyses of substance use , psychological functioning , and crime outcomes collected 3 , 6 , and 12 months after the baseline interview demonstrated that Phoenix Academy treatment is associated with superior substance use and psychological functioning outcomes over the period of observation . As one of the most rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of a traditional community-based adolescent drug treatment program , this study provides evidence that one such program is effective . Implication s of this finding for the dissemination of efficacious novel treatment approaches are discussed The CONSORT statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of r and omised controlled trials . Kenneth Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version , CONSORT 2010 , which up date s the reporting guideline based on new method ological evidence and accumulating experience . To encourage dissemination of the CONSORT 2010 Statement , this article is freely accessible on bmj.com and will also be published in the Lancet , Obstetrics and Gynecology , PLoS Medicine , Annals of Internal Medicine , Open Medicine , Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , BMC Medicine , and Trials 
    Output:
    
The primary analysis showed that , in prison , certain models of TC might be marginally superior to other types of treatments regarding levels of alcohol use , days in prison and re-incarceration rates .
Also , evidence from a community setting ( i.e. , not in-prison ) suggests that a community-based  TC is not superior to an outpatient treatment model regarding levels of substance use , crime and unemployment at the 12-month follow-up .
In general , there is no evidence to support superiority of TC over other more accessible and less costly types of treatment for drug use .
However , in a prison context , TC might be of more benefit than other types of treatment .