***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Objective : To compare tension-free vaginal tape with colposuspension as primary treatment for stress incontinence .  Design : Multicentred r and omised comparative trial . Setting : Gynaecology or urology departments in 14 centres in the United Kingdom and Eire , including university teaching hospitals and district general hospitals . Participants : 344 women with urodynamic stress incontinence ; 175 r and omised to tension-free vaginal tape and 169 to colposuspension  Main outcome measures : Assessment before treatment and at six months postoperatively with the SF-36 , the Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms question naire , the EQ-5D health question naire , a one week urinary diary , one hour perineal pad test , cystometry , and , in some centres , urethral profilometry . Results : 23 women in the colposuspension group and 5 in the vaginal tape group withdrew before surgery . No significant difference was found between the groups for cure rates : 115 ( 66 % ) women in the vaginal tape group and 97 ( 57 % ) in the colposuspension group were objective ly cured ( 95 % confidence interval for difference in cure −4.7 % to 21.3 % ) . Bladder injury was more common during the vaginal tape procedure ; postoperative complications , in particular delayed resumption of micturition , were more common after colposuspension . Operation time , duration of hospital stay , and return to normal activity were all longer after colposuspension than after the vaginal tape procedure . Conclusion : Surgery with tension-free vaginal tape is associated with more operative complications than colposuspension , but colposuspension is associated with more postoperative complications and longer recovery .  Vaginal tape shows promise for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence because of minimal access and rapid recovery times ; cure rates at six months were comparable with colposuspension . What is already known on this topic Few r and omised trials exist on surgery for stress incontinence Systematic review s suggest that colposuspension is associated with cure rates of up to 90 % Case series of tension-free vaginal tape suggest cure rates of about 85 % , with rapid return to normal activity What this study adds At six months the tension-free vaginal tape procedure is as effective as colposuspension for the primary treatment of stress incontinence Operative complications were more common with vaginal tape , but duration of hospital stay and return to normal activity were shorter than with colposuspension  Postoperative complications were more common after OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospect ively and r and omly compare tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) with transobturator suburethral tape ( T.O.T. ) for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) in women . STUDY DESIGN Sixty-one women with SUI were r and omly assigned to either TVT ( n=31 ) or T.O.T. ( n=30 ) . The preoperative evaluation included a quality -of-life question naire and a comprehensive urodynamic examination . The 1-year outcome included a detrusor pressure-uroflow study to compare bladder outlet obstruction . RESULTS Patient characteristics , preoperative quality of life , and urodynamic evaluation were similar in the 2 groups . Mean operative time was significantly shorter in the T.O.T. group ( 15 min+/-4 vs 27 min+/-8 , P<.001 ) . No bladder injury occurred in the T.O.T. group versus 9.7 % ( n=3 ) in the TVT group ( P>.05 ) . The rate of postoperative urinary retention was 25.8 % ( n=8 ) in the TVT group versus 13.3 % ( n=4 ) in the T.O.T. group ( P>.05 ) . The rates of cure ( 83.9 % vs 90 % ) , improvement ( 9.7 % vs 3.3 % ) , and failure ( 6.5 % vs 6.7 % ) were similar for the TVT and T.O.T. groups , respectively . The 1-year outcome data were collected in 29 women of the TVT group and 27 women of the T.O.T. group . No vaginal erosion occurred in either of the groups . In terms of bladder outlet obstruction , no differences were found after TVT and T.O.T. CONCLUSION T.O.T. appears to be equally efficient as TVT for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women , with no reduction of bladder outlet obstruction at 1-year follow-up Objective To compare 1-year cure rates after laparoscopic Burch colposuspension using one double-bite or two single-bite sutures on each side of the urethra . Methods Consecutive women with primary stress urinary incontinence at one university hospital were included . Pre-operative clinical and urodynamic evaluation included cystoscopy , cystouretrometry at rest and stress , and a st and ardized pad test . Immediately before surgery , the patients were r and omized to have one or two polytetrafluoroethylene ( GoreTex CV 2 ; W. L. Gore Inc. , Flagstaff , AZ ) sutures placed on each side of the urethra . During surgery , access to the space of Retzius was achieved by transperitoneal videolaparoscopic technique . Women were scheduled for postoperative interview and pad test 1 year after surgery . Results We included 161 women in the study ; 78 were r and omized to one suture ( group A ) and 83 to two sutures ( group B ) .  Median time for surgery was significantly shorter for group A than for group B ( 60 compared with 77 minutes ; P < .001 ) . We examined 158 women 1 year after surgery , at which time 148 performed a pad test . Objective cure rate was significantly higher in group B than in group A ( 83 % compared with 58 % ; P = .001 ) . Conclusion Two single-bite sutures result ed in a significantly higher objective short-term cure rate than one double-bite suture on each side of the urethra A total of 51 consecutive female patients with genuine stress incontinence who underwent a Burch or Stamey operation  were clinical ly and urodynamically evaluated preoperatively at least 8 months postoperatively . Our study group consisted of 27 women who underwent the Burch colposuspension and 24 who had the Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension .  The urodynamic parameters which were studied pre- and postoperatively were the maximum flow rate ( Qmax ) , the residual urine ( Vres ) , the first sensation ( FS ) , the bladder capacity ( BC ) , the maximum vesical pressure ( Pves max ) , the detrusor pressure at maximum flow ( Pdet/Qmax ) , the functional urethral length ( Lfun ) and the maximum closure pressure ( Pclos max ) . The successful results of the operations were 89 % for Burch and 83 % for the Stamey procedure . As for differing objective urodynamic findings , the Qmax , Pclos max , Vres and Lfun for both groups were the only parameters which showed statistically significant difference after surgery . The statistical comparison of the postoperative urodynamic parameters of the two operative techniques showed that Lfun , Pves max and Pclos max had difference in favor of Burch colposuspension . There were not statistical differences in the other studied parameters . In conclusion , according to the differentiation in the values of Pclos max , Lfun and Pves max , the Burch technique seems to result in a higher increase of patient 's urethral resistance One hundred seven consecutive patients with clinical and urodynamic findings of genuine stress incontinence not previously treated were prospect ively allocated in a r and omized manner to one of three surgical procedures : anterior colporrhaphy , revised Pereyra procedure , or Burch retropubic urethropexy . R and omization included the surgical procedure and choice of surgeon ( one of the three authors ) . Clinical and urodynamic evaluations were repeated at 3 months and 1 year after surgery . Differences in cure rates among the three procedures at the 3-month postoperative evaluation were insignificant ( 82 % , 84 % , and 92 % for the anterior colporrhaphy , Pereyra , and Burch respectively ) but became statistically significant at the 1 year postoperative evaluation ( cure rates of 65 % , 72 % , and 91 % for the anterior colporrhaphy , Pereyra , and Burch respectively , p less than 0.05 ) . In our h and s the Burch procedure stabilized the urethrovesical junction and prevented its descent during straining ( evaluated by a postoperative Q-tip test ) more effectively than either the Pereyra or anterior colporrhaphy . No procedure result ed in severe postoperative voiding difficulties . The present prospect i ve r and omized study demonstrates that in our h and s the abdominal retropubic operation for genuine stress incontinence in patients not previously operated on results in a higher cure rate when compared with anterior colporrhaphy or Pereyra procedure Abstract : In a prospect i ve long-term follow-up study we evaluated the results of TVT surgery in 34 women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence in whom previous traditional surgical procedures had failed . The women were followed for a mean of 4 years ( range 3–5 ) after TVT surgery .  The mean age was 58.9 ± 10 years and the mean parity 2 ( 0–4 ) . Pre- and postoperative evaluation was performed according to a protocol which included gynecologic examination , urodynamic investigations , quality of life evaluation and 24-hour pad test . According to the protocol 28 patients ( 82 % ) were cured , 3 ( 9 % ) were significantly improved , and the operation failed in 3 cases ( 9 % ) . There were no significant intra- or postoperative complications . All patients were operated on under local anesthesia with a short hospitalization and had no long-term postoperative voiding problems OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to compare the effects of the Burch colposuspension with those of the modified Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz urethropexy . STUDY DESIGN Eighty women underwent the two types of operation . A full urodynamic investigation was repeated 6 months after surgery . RESULTS Clinical follow-up continued for 2 to 7 years . Differences in subjective and objective cure rates were not statistically significant ( respectively , 92 % and 80 % for the Burch colposuspension and 85 and 65 % for the modified Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz urethropexy ) . The latter induced a longer hospital stay ( 7.4 vs 6.3 days , p = 0.001 ) , a later resumption of spontaneous voiding ( 13.8 vs 8.5 days , p = 0.002 ) , and was associated with considerable complications ( one case of blood replacement for retropubic hematoma , one case of severe voiding difficulty , one case of further treatment for stress incontinence , and three cases of symptomatic de novo detrusor instability ) . CONCLUSION For its high cure rate , short time to resumption of spontaneous voiding , short hospital stay , and low associated morbidity , the Burch colposuspension should remain the procedure of choice for stress incontinence PURPOSE There is a lack of consensus regarding indications and long-term efficacy of the many surgical techniques for treating stress incontinence . Historically pubovaginal sling has been reserved for cases of intrinsic sphincter deficiency or prior surgical failure . Transvaginal needle and retropubic suspensions have been used mainly for sphincteric incontinence unassociated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency . We report the long-term results of pubovaginal sling for all types of stress incontinence . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 251 consecutive women with all types of stress incontinence who underwent pubovaginal fascial sling by a single surgeon were retrospectively and prospect ively review ed . Patients were evaluated preoperatively with history , physical examination , st and ardized symptom question naire , voiding diary , pad test , uroflow , post-void residual urine , video urodynamics and cystoscopy . Postoperatively women with at least 1-year followup were assessed by an independent third party ( J. R. ) who had no prior knowledge of them , and who recorded the parameters of the question naire , examination with a full bladder , voiding diary , pad test , uroflow and post-void residual urine . RESULTS Overall stress incontinence was cured or improved in 92 % of the patients with at least 1-year followup ( median 3.1 years , range 1 to 15 ) . The majority of patients with postoperative incontinence had de novo ( 3 % ) or persistent ( 23 % ) urge incontinence . Permanent urinary retention developed in 4 patients ( 2 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Fascial pubovaginal sling is an effective treatment for all types of stress incontinence with acceptable long-term efficacy PURPOSE We compare the efficacy and morbidity of 373 consecutive women who underwent a vaginal wall sling for stress urinary incontinence due either to anatomical incontinence or intrinsic sphincter deficiency . To our knowledge this series is the largest prospect i ve data base on surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in the urological literature . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Preoperative evaluation included history , voiding diary , physical examination , cystoscopy , pad count and video urodynamic study . Outcome measures included postoperative presence of incontinence secondary to either stress and /or detrusor instability , number of pads used , complications , operating time , length of 
    Output:
    
Use of a range of surgeries that have the highest proven efficacy is most likely to result in long-term patient satisfaction