***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To evaluate the effect of ritodrine sustained release capsules for maintaining uterine quiescence after successful treatment of active preterm labour Twenty-nine women with premature labor were r and omly assigned to a ritodrine ( N = 14 ) or placebo ( N = 15 ) drug group . The 2 groups were of similar age , parity , weight , gestational age , and cervical change at the onset of treatment . They were treated sequentially with intravenous , intramuscular , and oral drugs and monitored carefully during therapy . There was a significant increase in both the maternal and fetal heart rates during ritodrine treatment , and also a significant decrease in maternal blood pressure .  Ritodrine-treated women often complained of palpatations . There was no significant difference in the extension of pregnancy , birth weight , or infant survival for the ritodrine group . Although the 1-minute Apgar scores in the ritodrine group were higher , the 5-minute scores were similar in both groups We compared oral magnesium oxide with oral terbutaline sulfate in a prospect i ve , r and omized manner to determine efficacy and side effects . Preterm labor patients whose labor was arrested with parenteral tocolysis were r and omized to oral tocolysis with either magnesium oxide , 200 mg every 3 to 4 hours ( n = 23 ) , or terbutaline , 2.5 to 5 mg every 3 to 4 hours ( n = 27 ) . The number of patients who were delivered of infants before 36 weeks ' gestation was similar between groups ( 18.5 % receiving terbutaline versus 17.4 % receiving magnesium ) . At least one side effect occurred in 81.5 % of patients in the  terbutaline group and 47.8 % in the magnesium group ( p less than 0.01 ) . Finally , the cost for 1 day of magnesium ( 20 cents ) is approximately one third the cost of terbutaline ( 56 cents ) . These data suggest that oral magnesium oxide is as effective as terbutaline for the maintenance of tocolysis , with fewer side effects and at a lower cost In quest of a efficacious oral tocolysis drug for inhibition the preterm labour we used in a r and omised study the betamimeticum Clenbuterol or placebo with 1 tablet 3 times daily ( 3 X 0.02 mg/d Clenbuterol ) in a total number of 109 patients . In result we ca n't see any significant distinction in gestational age and birth weight at delivery time and in duration of therapy up to delivery between the two groups . For that reason we are of the opinion , that a fundamental influence of Clenbuterol on premature birth can not be expected AIM To assess the efficacy of oral ritodrine in the form of sustained-release capsules for maintenance of uterine quiescence after successful treatment of threatened preterm labor . METHODS We r and omized 120 women with singleton pregnancy who were successfully treated for threatened preterm labor before 34 completed weeks to receive either maintenance tocolysis with two 40 mg ritodrine sustained release capsules three times a day ( study group , n=62 ) or no treatment ( control group , n=58 ) for three days . The primary outcome measure was the recurrent episode of threatened preterm labor within 72 hours , which was defined as regular palpable uterine contractions and change in cervical effacement or cervical dilatation on clinical examination . Secondary outcome measures included the incidence of preterm birth , neonatal adverse outcomes , and maternal side effects . RESULTS There was no difference in the frequency of recurrent episodes of threatened preterm labor requiring another course of intravenous treatment between the study ( 8/62 ) and control ( 6/58 ) group of women ( P=0.879 ) . No differences were found between the study and control groups in any of the predefined secondary outcome measures , ie , delivery before 37 weeks ( 13/62 vs 7/58 , respectively ; P=0.288 ) , delivery before 34 weeks ( 3/62 vs 1/58 , respectively ; P=0.682 ) and birth weight ( 3037-/+573 g vs 3223-/+423 g , respectively , P=0.862 ) . There were more reported maternal side effects in the study group than in control group ( 47/62 vs 23/58 , respectively ; P(<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Additional maintenance ritodrine therapy was unnecessary in women with singleton pregnancy who had an episode of threatened preterm labor successfully treated with intravenous tocolytic therapy . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier : NCT00290173 One hundred women in preterm labor were r and omly treated with ritodrine or terbutaline in a double-blind fashion . The drugs were comparably effective during intravenous therapy but , in women with intact membranes , an oral dose of terbutaline , 30 mg daily , was significantly more effective than ritodrine , 120 mg daily , in preventing recurrent labor during a 5-day course of oral therapy ( one of 19 versus 12 of 23 , p less than 0.001 ) . In women with intact membranes , pregnancy was prolonged 40 + /- 25 days ( mean + /- SD ) in women receiving terbutaline orally and only 22 + /- 24 days in women receiving ritodrine orally ( p less than 0.01 ) . In women with intact membranes , a heart rate greater than or equal to 130 bpm occurred in in a higher proportion of women receiving intravenous treatment with ritodrine than among those receiving terbutaline ( 20 of 31 versus 8 of 27 , p less than 0.05 ) . Terbutaline-treated women , however , were significantly more likely to have a serum glucose level in excess of 140 mg/dl than were women treated with ritodrine ( 13 of 26 versus 6 of 29 , p less than 0.05 ) . Side effects commonly observed during intravenous therapy included nausea ( 22 % ) , chest pain ( 15 % ) , and shortness of breath ( 15 % ) . Side effects were significantly ( p less than 0.025 ) more likely to occur during periods when the infusion rate was being increased rather than during periods when the infusion rate was constant OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the efficacy and safety of long-term oral tocolysis with indomethacin or terbutaline sulfate . STUDY DESIGN Seventy-one patients at 26 to 32 weeks ' gestation admitted for preterm labor were prospect ively r and omized to receive oral indomethacin or terbutaline sulfate after successful intravenous tocolysis . Patients were monitored weekly for cervical change , maternal side effects , amniotic fluid volume , and constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus . Patients receiving indomethacin were converted to terbutaline at 34 weeks or with the occurrence of fetal ductal constriction or oligohydramnios . RESULTS Of 71 patients r and omized six were excluded after r and omization . Thirty-three patients were r and omized to indomethacin and thirty-two to terbutaline . There were no differences in the percentage of patients achieving 34 weeks of gestation . No differences in neonatal outcome were noted . Nine ( 27 % ) fetuses receiving indomethacin had constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus , and 13 ( 38 % ) had oligohydramnios . Most patients on terbutaline reported beta-mimetic side effects ( 53 % ) , but only one required discontinuation of therapy . CONCLUSION Both indomethacin and terbutaline sulfate are effective tocolytics , but major fetal side effects are common with long-term indomethacin use The effectivity of Partusisten or ethanol long term respectively short term tocolysis by combination of a retrospective and a prospect ive-r and omised study has been compared . Long term tocolysis was better than short term tocolysis . Partusisten was more effective than ethanol . Partusisten long term tocolysis was different to other forms or treatment with a high significance . 70 % of newborns after Partusisten long term tocolysis had a birth weight of 2500 g or more OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine whether oral terbutaline , used after successful intravenous tocolysis , will prolong pregnancy and prevent recurrent preterm labor . STUDY DESIGN After successful intravenous tocolysis , 203 women with preterm labor at 24 weeks ' to 34 weeks 6 days ' gestation were r and omized to terbutaline ( 5 mg orally , every 4 hours ) or placebo until 37 weeks ' gestation . Women with recurrent preterm labor were treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate ; if tocolysis was successful , they continued with the initial study medication . The primary outcome was the percentage delivered of their infants within 1 week of beginning oral tocolytic therapy . Latency , recurrent preterm labor , and maternal and neonatal outcomes were also assessed . RESULTS Pregnancy outcome data were available in 200 women . There were no differences seen between the two groups in the incidence of delivery at 1 week ( 18 % vs 24 % , 95 % confidence interval 0.44 to 1.29 ) . In addition , there were no differences regarding median latency , mean gestational age at delivery , or the incidence of recurrent preterm labor ( 20 % vs 16 % , 95 % confidence interval 0.64 to 2.71 ) . Post hoc evaluation of 96 women enrolled before 32 weeks ' gestation suggested pregnancy prolongation with maintenance oral terbutaline ( p < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS Maintenance oral terbutaline therapy initiated at 24 weeks ' to 34 weeks 6 days ' gestation after successful parenteral tocolysis is not associated with pregnancy prolongation or a reduction in the incidence of recurrent preterm labor OBJECTIVES Evaluation of maternal metabolic and cardiovascular responses to treatment with the new sustained-release oral ritodrine as compared with the conventional tablets . METHOD Thirty-two pregnant patients who had successful intravenous tocolysis were r and omly assigned to treatment with either ritodrine tablets or sustained-release capsules . After 5 days of the r and omly determined first oral treatment each patient was shifted to the alternate ritodrine formulation for a further 5-day course . Each patient underwent metabolic and non-invasive hemodynamic evaluation . RESULTS Echocardiographic parameters during treatment with ritodrine tablets were not significantly different from during sustained-release capsules . Mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly during peak drug activity in patients treated with ritodrine tablets and not during treatment with the sustained-release form . Fasting plasma glucose levels were higher in patients on conventional tablets therapy than in patients on sustained-release ritodrine therapy ( 88.9 + /- 9 mg/dl vs. 78.7 + /- 8 mg/dl , P < 0.05 ) while levels following a 50-g oral glucose challenge test did not differ significantly ( 135 + /- 32 mg/dl vs. 124.5 + /- 27 mg/dl ) CONCLUSIONS Because of fewer metabolic and cardiovascular side-effects , the new oral therapy offers some advantages over the presently available tablets The effect of terbutaline , a " selective " beta2-receptor stimulator , was compared with that of placebo in 30 patients in premature labor . Treatment consisted of an intravenous infusion for at least 8 hours , and then of subcutaneous injections four times daily for 3 days together with peroral treatment , which was continued until the end of week 36 of pregnancy . In 12 of 15 terbutaline-treated patients ( 80 per cent ) premature labor was arrested beyond the treatment period , compared with three of 15 in the placebo group ( 20 per cent ) . This difference is statistically significant ( p less than 0.01 ) . No serious side effects were observed . During infusion , there was an increase in maternal heart rate . This was more pronounced in the terbutaline group ( 30 per cent ) than in the placebo group ( 9 per cent ) . There were no adverse effects on blood pressure , but fetal tachycardia was observed more frequently in the terbutaline than in the placebo group . The results suggest that terbutaline is a safe , potent , and well-tolerated inhibitor of premature labor To determine the efficacy of the terbutaline pump for the prevention of preterm delivery , patients in preterm labor defined by progressive cervical change underwent intravenous magnesium sulfate tocolysis  ( with or without oral indomethacin , as necessary ) , and once labor was arrested , were r and omized to one of three treatment arms : terbutaline by pump , saline by pump ( blinded ) , or oral terbutaline . If recurrent preterm labor occurred despite maximization of therapy , the treatment arm was determined and therapy was changed ; saline pump and oral terbutaline were switched to terbutaline pump , terbutaline pump was switched to oral terbutaline . Patients who continued to labor were readmitted for aggressive intravenous therapy . Women r and omized to the terbutaline pump ( n = 15 ) , saline pump  ( n = 12 ) , and oral terbutaline  ( n = 15 ) groups were similar in terms of gravidity , parity , days of tocolysis before study entry , gestational age 
    Output:
    
Some adverse effects such as tachycardia were more frequent in the betamimetics groups than the groups allocated to placebo , no treatment or another type of tocolytic .
Available evidence does not support the use of oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour