***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : Controversy surrounds the optimal composition , dosage , and duration of therapies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori . We prospect ively compared omeprazole-based dual and triple therapies in the eradication of H. pylori in a r and omized manner . Methods : Between June 1995 and March 1997 , 1000 consecutive patients with acid-peptic disease associated with H. pylori infection ( duodenal ulcer , 388 patients , gastric ulcer , 179 patients ; duodenitis , 173 patients ; gastritis , 260 patients ) were prospect ively recruited . They were r and omized to either a 2-wk ( OA ) course of omeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g , both given twice daily , or treatment for 1 wk ( OCM ) with omeprazole 20 mg once daily , clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily , and metronidazole 400 mg twice daily . Results : The age of these 1000 patients ranged from 16 to 90 yr , with a mean of 54.9 yr .  Side effects occurred in 29.6 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 25.6–33.8 % ) and 10.6 % ( 95 % CI 8.0–13.6 % ) of patients taking OCM and OA , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . Apart from taste disturbance , however , there were no significant differences in the incidences of side effects between the two groups . One patient in the OA group and four patients of the OCM group could not tolerate the medications , and therefore did not complete treatment ( p= 0.37 ) . Seven and 13 patients in the OA and OCM groups , respectively , refused a second endoscopy ( p= 0.25 ) . The remaining 975 patients underwent a second endoscopy . Positive endoscopic findings were significantly more common in the OA group ( 51/492 ; 10.4 % ; 95 % CI 7.8–13.4 % ) than in the OCM group ( 25/483 ; 5.2 % ; 95 % CI 3.4–7.5 % ) in the per- protocol ( PP ) analysis ( p= 0.004 ) . On intent-to-treat ( ITT ) analysis , the overall eradication rates in the OA and OCM groups were 73.6 % ( 95 % CI 69.5–77.4 % ) and 92 % ( 95 % CI 89.3–94.2 % ) , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . On PP analysis , the corresponding rates were 74.8 % ( 95 % CI 70.7–78.6 % ) and 95.2 % ( 95 % CI 92.9–97.0 % ) , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . Conclusions : A course of omeprazole , clarithromycin , and metronidazole for 1 wk is a safe , well-tolerated , efficacious , and cost-effective treatment for H. pylori infection BACKGROUND The proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based 7-day triple therapy is the regimen with the highest cure rates for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and has been recommended as the first-line regimen in the world . It had been reported that a 1-day quadruple therapy could also successfully cure 95 % of the H. pylori infected patients . OBJECTIVES To observe the efficacy of 1-day high-dose quadruple therapy versus 7-day triple therapy for treatment of H. pylori infection , and to observe side-effects of the two different regimens . METHODS This r and omized , open , parallel-controlled study was conducted at Renji Hospital between November 2004 to March 2005 . A total of 80 consecutive patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia , who were H. pylori positive proven by both rapid urease test and histology were included and r and omly assigned to 1-day quadruple therapy or 7-day triple therapy .  Thirty-nine patients were administered with 1-day high-dose quadruple therapy including esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d . , colloidal bismuth subcitrate 440 mg q.i.d . , amoxicillin 2 g q.i.d . and metronidazole ( 400 mg q.i.d . ) for 1 day . Forty-one patients received a st and ard 7-day triple therapy consisting of esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d . , clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d . and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d . for 7 days . The eradication rates were evaluated by the (13)C-urea breath test at least 4 weeks after completion of a course treatment . RESULTS Seventy-seven patients completed the trial and three patients dropped out . The eradication rates in the 1-day therapeutic group and the 7-day therapeutic group were 39.5 % ( 15/38 ) and 84.6 % ( 33/39 ) , respectively . There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.0001 ) . Short-lasting and self-limiting side effects including thirst , a metallic taste , diarrhea and abdominal pain were reported in three patients ( 7.9 % ) in the 1-day group and seven patients ( 18 % ) in the 7-day group ( P = 0.31 ) . CONCLUSIONS A 1-day high-dose quadruple therapy with amoxicillin , metronidazole , bismuth salt , and esomeprazole is not effective for eradication of H. pylori compared with the st and ard 7-day triple therapy The seasonal pattern of  community-based acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal ( UGI ) tract was studied prospect ively in 1988 - 1991 . Out of 3343 emergency admissions to the Departments of General Surgery , 321 ( 9.6 % ) were due to acute UGI bleeding . There was a significant monthly variation in the total number of admissions , as well as in the number of admissions due to acute UGI bleeding ( p < 0.0001 ) . However , there was no correlation between the two . Significant seasonal fluctuations were noted both in the absolute number of admissions due to acute UGI bleeding and in the percentage of UGI bleeding admissions of the total number of admissions to the Departments of General Surgery ( p = 0.0002 ) . During summer ( July through September ) , the incidence declined significantly to a nadir of 5.5 % of total number of admissions in July . The seasonal fluctuation correlated closely with the incidence of duodenal ulcer , but not with that of gastric ulcer . The seasonal pattern was consistent both in patients who had used aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs  as well as in those who had not AIM To compare the one-day quadruple therapy with a st and ard 7-d triple therapy for H pylori eradication in a rural population of China . METHODS A total of 396 patients with (13)C-urea breath test positive for H pylori were assigned into two groups : 239 patients received one-day quadruple therapy ( amoxicillin 2000 mg qid ; metronidazole 500 mg qid ; bismuth citrate 900 mg qid and lansoprazole 60 mg once daily ) and 157 patients received 7-d st and ard triple therapy ( amoxicillin 1000 mg bid ; clarithromycin 500 mg bid and lansoprazole 30 mg bid ) . All the patients underwent a (13)C-UBT to assess the eradication of H pylori infection six weeks after treatment . RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-nine patients completed the one-day therapy ( 95.8 % ) and 148 patients completed the 7-d therapy ( 94.2 % ) . The one-day therapy eradicated H pylori infection in 64 patients ( 27.95 % ) . In contrast , 103 patients ( 69.59 % ) were H pylori negative after the 7-d therapy ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests there is no beneficial effect of the one-day therapy in treatment of H pylori infection compared with the 7-d st and ard therapy Background —Eradication ofHelicobacter pylori cures and prevents the relapse of duodenal ulceration and also results in histological resolution of chronic active gastritis . Aim —To compare four treatment regimens lasting seven days of a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics in the eradication of H pylori . Patients —Men or women with H pylori positive duodenal ulceration or gastritis , or both . Methods —A single blind , prospect ively r and omised , parallel group , comparative , multicentre study . After a positive CLO test , patients underwent histology , H pylori culture , and a 13C urea breath test to confirm H pyloristatus . Treatment with one of four regimens : LAC , LAM , LCM , or OAM , where L is 30 mg of lansoprazole twice daily , A is 1 g of amoxycillin twice daily , M is 400 mg of metronidazole twice daily , C is 250 mg of clarithromycin twice daily , and O is 20 mg of omeprazole twice daily , was assigned r and omly . A follow up breath test was done at least 28 days after completing treatment . Results —H pylori eradication ( intention to treat ) was 104/121 ( 86.0 % ) with LAC , 87/131 ( 66.4 % ) with LAM , 103/118 ( 87.3 % ) with LCM , and 94/126 ( 74.6 % ) with OAM . There was a significant difference ( p < 0.001 ) in the proportion of patients in whom eradication was successful between LAC and LCM when compared with LAM , but no significant difference ( p = 0.15 ) between LAM and OAM . Metronidazole resistance before treatment was identified as a significant prognostic factor with regard to eradication of H pylori . The regimens which contained metronidazole were significantly less effective than those without metronidazole in the presence of pretreatment resistant H pylori . There was no difference among the treatment groups with regard to the incidence and severity of adverse events reported . Conclusions —All four treatment regimens were safe and effective in eradicating H pylori in the patient population studied . LAC was the most efficacious treatment in patients with pretreatment metronidazole resistant H pylori , and was significantly better than LAM and OAM in this group of patients BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rabeprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor producing rapid inhibition of gastric acid secretion . This may potentiate the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori . This study compared the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of 4- and 7-day rabeprazole-based triple therapies versus 7-day omeprazole-based triple therapy . METHODS A total of 70 H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : RAC4 ( rabeprazole 20 mg , amoxicillin 1000 mg , and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 4 days ) , RAC7 ( rabeprazole 20 mg , amoxicillin 1000 mg , and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days ) , and OAC7 ( omeprazole 20 mg , amoxicillin 1000 mg , and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days ) . Endoscopy , Campylobacter-like organism ( CLO ) test , H. pylori culture , and 13C-urea breath test were performed before r and omization and 8 weeks after the start of triple therapy . RESULTS Intention-to-treat ( ITT ) eradication rates for the RAC4 , RAC7 , and OAC7 groups were 87 % ( 20/23 ) , 83%(19/23 ) , and 88 % ( 21/24 ) , respectively , and per- protocol ( PP ) eradication rates were 91 % ( 20/22 ) , 95 % ( 19/20 ) , and 100 % ( 21/21 ) , respectively . There was no significant difference among the ITT or PP eradication rates of the 3 groups . All 3 regimens were well tolerated and compliance was excellent . CONCLUSIONS One-week RAC and 1-week OAC are equally effective for H. pylori eradication in peptic ulcer patients . The duration of RAC triple therapy can be shortened to 4 days without compromising its efficacy BACKGROUND Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection has had an impact on the treatment and recurrence rates of peptic ulcer disease and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid t 
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Moreover , slightly fewer adverse-effects were found in short-term protocol s. Conclusions Although more economical , short- duration protocol s are inferior to 7-d PPI-based triple protocol s with regarding to eradication rate of H. pylori .
Protocol s of more than 3 d , however , may be equivalent to 7-d protocol