***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Osseointegrated implants as anchors for various prosthetic reconstructions have become a predictable treatment alternative . It was expected that implants required submucosal placement during the healing period for successful tissue integration . However , it has been demonstrated that healing and long-term health of implants could be achieved with equal predictability in a 1-stage , non-submerged approach . This prospect i ve 5-year study not only calculates implant success by life table analysis , but also evaluates the correlation between observed bone level changes with clinical parameters as measured by suppuration , plaque indices , bleeding indices , probing depth , attachment level and mobility . A total of 112 ITI dental implants were inserted in different areas of the jaws .  Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated annually for 5 years , whereas a portion of the study group for which 6-year evaluations were available were included in the life-table analysis . The overall success rate after 5 years in service was 99.1 % , while after 6 years it was reduced to 95.5 % due to the fracture of 3 implants in 1 patient . The mean crestal bone loss experienced during the first year was 0.6 mm followed by an annual yearly loss of approximately 0.05 mm . No significant differences could be found between the amount of bone loss measured at each of the yearly follow-up visits . This suggests that statistically the followed implants did not show any radiographically measurable bone loss following the initial period of bone loss associated with implant placement and osseointegration . Low levels of correlation between the individual and cumulative clinical parameters with radiographically measured bone loss suggests that these parameters are of limited clinical value in assessing and predicting future peri-implant bone loss Thirty patients with extremely resorbed maxillae had reconstructive bone grafts from the ala iliaca and endosseous implants in a one-stage procedure . The first ten patients constituted a development group and the following 20 patients a routine group . The marginal bone level and implants success rate was evaluated in a prospect i ve long-term follow-up for a minimum of 10 years ( 10 - 13 years ) . Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 6 months and then annually up to 5 years . The final examinations were performed at the 10-year follow-up . The bridges were removed at every clinical examination . Marginal bone loss was seen up to the 3-year examination , where it averaged 4.6 mm in the routine group . Between the 3- and 10-year follow-up no significant change was registered . The initial bone loss was probably due to the design of the 3.6 mm conical unthreaded marginal part of the implant . The implant success rate was 83.1 % in the routine group . Failures mostly occurred during the first 2 years ( 14 out of 20 ) . A substantial amount of bone can be gained in patients with extremely resorbed maxillae , when treated with bone graft according to the procedure described in this study The present follow-up study evaluated clinical and radiographic parameters of  dental implants  placed with simultaneous guided bone regeneration with exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( e-PTFE ) membranes . All implants were functioning well 24 months after insertion . In all , 63 patients with a total of 91 e-PTFE-augmented implants were integrated in a regular maintenance protocol . Modified periodontal data of 85 implants in 59 patients were recorded at 24 months and indicated no difference to implants placed in sufficient pristine bone . The mean plaque score ( mplI ) was 0.29 , 74 % of the sites showed no plaque . The sulcular probing depth ranged from 1 to 7 mm with a mean of 2.6 mm ( SD + /- 0.8 ) . Of the sites 96.5 % were < or = 4 mm deep , in 49 % of them probing result ed in bleeding . Periotest values 6 and 24 months ( mean : -3.4 and -3.4 ) after placement revealed stable peri-implant conditions and sustained osseointegration . The radiographic evaluation performed 6 , 12 and 24 months post insertion yielded a mean bone loss of 0.93 , 1.36 and 1.51 mm ranging from 0 to 4 mm . The short-term results of our clinical study demonstrated stable peri-implant conditions 2 years after membrane-protected osseous regeneration . The newly formed bone seemed to be able to withst and functional loading in a predictable manner after 18 months OBJECTIVES The purpose s of this study were to compare : ( a ) autogenous bone grafts ( ABG ) and distraction osteogenesis ( DO ) for their ability in correcting vertically deficient m and ibular ridges and their capability in maintaining over time the vertical bone gain obtained before and after implant placement ; and ( b ) the survival and success rates of implants placed in the reconstructed or distracted areas . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a 2-year period ( 2001 - 2002 ) , 17 patients presenting with vertically atrophied partially edentulous m and ibles requiring implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation , were included in this study . Patients were r and omly assigned to two groups . Eight patients ( group 1 ) were treated with ABG harvested from the m and ibular ramus , while nine patients ( group 2 ) were treated by means of DO . In group 1 , patients received implants 4 - 5 months after the reconstructive procedure , while in group 2 implants were placed at the time of distraction device removal ( approximately 3 months after the completion of distraction ) . A total of 19 endosseous implants were placed in group 1 , and 21 implants were placed in group 2 patients . For both groups , after an additional 3 - 5-month period , prosthetic rehabilitation was started . RESULTS Bone resorption before implant placement was significantly higher in group 1 ( P=0.01 ) , while no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups as far as survival and success rates of implants and peri-implant bone resorption after the start of prosthetic loading were concerned . CONCLUSION The results suggested that : ( a ) both techniques may effectively improve the deficit of vertically resorbed edentulous ridges ; ( b ) survival and success rates of implants placed in the reconstructed/distracted areas are consistent with those of implants placed in native bone In the present multi-center study , non-submerged ITI implants were prospect ively followed to evaluate their long-term prognosis in fully and partially edentulous patients . In a total of 1003 patients , 2359 implants were consecutively inserted . Following a healing period of 3 - 6 months , the successfully integrated implants were restored with 393 removable and 758 fixed restorations . Subsequently , all consecutive implants were documented annually up to 8 years . At each examination , the clinical status of all implants was evaluated according to predefined criteria of success . Therefore , the data base allowed the evaluation of 8-year cumulative survival and success rates for 2359 implants . In addition , cumulative success rates were calculated for implant subgroups divided per implant type , implant length , and implant location . Furthermore , the actual 5-year survival and success rates could be determined for 488 implants . During the healing period , 13 implants did not successfully integrate , whereas 2346 implants fulfilled the predefined criteria of success . This corresponds with an early failure rate of 0.55 % . During follow-up , 19 implants were classified as failures due to several reasons . In addition , 17 implants ( approximately 0.8 % ) demonstrated at the last annual examination a suppurative periimplant infection . Including 127 drop out implants (= 5.4 % drop out rate ) into the calculation , the 8-year cumulative survival and success rates result ed in 96.7 % and 93.3 % , respectively . The analysis of implant subgroups showed slightly more favorable cumulative success rates for screw type implants ( > 95 % ) compared to hollow-cylinder implants ( 91.3 % ) , and clearly better success rates for m and ibular implants ( approximately 95 % ) when compared to maxillary implants ( approximately 87 % ) . The actual 5-year survival and success rates of 488 implants with 98.2 % and 97.3 % , respectively , were slightly better than the estimated 5-year cumulative survival and success rates of 2359 implants indicating that the applied life table analysis is a reliable statistical method to evaluate the long-term prognosis of dental implants . It can be concluded that non-submerged ITI implants maintain success rates well above 90 % in different clinical centers for observation periods up to 8 years A total of 114 ITI solid-screw implants was consecutively placed in 55 partially edentulous patients and restored with 68 fixed prostheses . The patients were followed for at least 5 years in a prospect i ve study that focused on implant success and longitudinal reactions of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues . During the study period , 5 implants failed and 15 implants were lost to follow-up , result ing in a cumulative survival rate of 95.3 % after 5 years of loading . The success analysis included additional strictly defined events ( " first occurrence of marginal bone loss > or = 4 mm , " " first occurrence of pocket depth > or = 4 mm , " and " first occurrence of crevicular fluid volume > or = 2.5 mm " ) and result ed in a cumulative 5-year success rate of 89.0 % . Median loss of marginal bone , as observed on radiographs , was 0.7 mm between implant placement and prosthetic treatment and 0.5 mm between prosthesis placement and the 5-year evaluation . Compared to the previous year 's value , the annual increase in marginal bone loss did not reach a level of statistical significance between 1 and 5 years of function , so that a steady state prevailed . The incidence of lingual-palatal surfaces affected with remarkable plaque deposits increased from 13 % after prosthesis placement to 23 % after 5 years . Sulcus Bleeding index , probing depth , attachment level , and crevicular fluid volume were used to describe the health of the peri-implant soft tissues . The research parameters remained almost unchanged and indicated a soft tissue response within physiologic levels . Most mechanical complications were experienced during the first year of loading and were related to loosening of occlusal screws , which occurred in 8 ( 12 % ) of 68 restorations In this prospect i ve study 47 edentulous patients were treated with m and ibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated Brånemark implants and followed for 12 to 15 years . Three ( 1 % ) of the 273 inserted implants were lost , two before and one six years after placement of the fixed prosthesis . The cumulative success rate ( CSR ) of the implants was 98.9 % both after 10 and 15 years . None of the fixed prostheses was lost and at the last follow-up , all patients had stable fixed prostheses in function ( CSR 100 % ) . The marginal bone loss around the implants  was small , on average 0.5 mm during the first post surgical year and thereafter about 0.05 mm annually . More bone was lost around the anterior implants than around the most posterior ones . Smoking and poor oral hygiene had significant influence on bone loss , while occlusal loading factors such as maximal bite force , tooth clenching and length of cantilevers were of minor importance . It is concluded that the long-term results of the m and ibular implant treatment were extremely successful , regarding both the fixed prostheses and implant stability . Bone resorption around the implants  , albeit limited , was influenced by several factors , smoking and oral hygiene appeared to be most important This report of the 1st 2 prospect i ve studies using the Astra Tech Implant System and fixed detachable bridges for rehabilitation of m and ibular edentulism , presents clinical and radiographic data at the 5-year follow-up . The original material comprised 109 subjects , 56 of whom had been included in the original study , using the 1st generation Astra Tech Implant . Two subjects were excluded and the 3-year follow-up report was based on the remaining 54 subjects and 310 fixtures . After some minor changes to the fixture and the abutment , the 2nd generation Astra Tech Implant was used in 53 subjects and 308 fixtures . In all 16 subjects were lost to follow-up and the 5-year results are based on the remaining 91 subjects with 517 fixtures in function : 5 fixtures were lost due to mobility at abutment installation and during the 1st year , 2 fixtures were removed due to pain , and after 4 years in situ 1 fixture failed . As no clinical or radiographic differences were obvious in the annual registration s of the 2 studies the results have been combined . The fixed bridges were removed at 3 and 5 years to test each fixture and none was mobile . The cumulative fixture survival rate at 5 years was 98.7 % and the bridge survival rate was 100 % . Of the sites 82 % were plaque free , and 96.8 % showed no signs of inflammation . Over the 5-year period after bridge insertion , i.e. from baseline registration , there was only minor deterioration in marginal bone levels as measured on st and ardized intraoral radiographs : the mean differences in mm and st and ard deviations ( SD ) were -0.09 ( 0.27 ) in the 1st year , -0.20 ( 0.40 ) in the 3rd year , and -0.26 ( 0.53 ) in the 5th year . According to the stringent clinical and radiographic criteria by Albrektsson and co-workers , the successful treatment outcome and the survival rate in 91 subject over 5 years , indicates that the Astra Tech 
    Output:
    
Even though the current review revealed that there are not many studies reporting data relevant to the analyzed topic , the data obtained suggest that the delayed positioning of implants should be considered more predictable than the immediate positioning .