***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To compare the effectiveness of acupressure and vitamin B6 in the outpatient treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy . Study design Pregnant volunteers with symptoms of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting between 6 and 12 weeks ’ gestation participated in a 7-day clinical trial . Participants were r and omly assigned to receive a device for acupressure therapy and placebo drug or an otherwise identical but non-stimulating placebo device and vitamin B6 . The primary outcome measure was self-recorded symptoms according to Rhodes index . Secondary outcome measures were weight gain and medication use . Results The mean change in Rhodes index was not significantly different between the two groups . There were no statistically significant differences in weight gain and medication use between the two groups . Conclusion Acupressure therapy is not more effective than vitamin B6 in reducing nausea and vomiting in symptomatic women in the first trimester of pregnancy OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate the efficacy of P6 acupressure in reducing or relieving symptoms of nausea with or without vomiting and retching  during pregnancy . STUDY DESIGN Symptomatic pregnant volunteers ( n=161 ) participated in a 7-day community-based clinical trial . All participants were assigned to one of three groups ( i.e. , P6 acupressure , placebo [ acupressure b and s inappropriately placed ] , or control ) on the basis of a process of blocked r and omization . Data were analyzed by error bar charts and analysis of variance of difference scores . RESULTS Of 161 women , 149 ( 92.5 % ) completed the protocol . Irrespective of group assignment , participants reported significant decreases in nausea ( p<0.0009 ) and vomiting or retching ( p<0.0009 ) . However , there was no differential treatment effect as a result of acupressure . CONCLUSION There was no apparent medical benefit from the use of P6 acupressure . Our findings differ from other recently published studies that did not include a control group Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy .  Methods : Symptomatic pregnant women were r and omized to one of two acupressure groups : one treatment group using an acupressure point ( PC-6 ) and one sham control group using a placebo point . Subjects were blind to the group assignment . Each evening for 10 consecutive days , the subjects completed an assessment scale describing the severity and frequency of symptoms that occurred . Data from the first 3 days were used as pre-treatment scores . Beginning on the morning of the fourth day , each subject used acupressure at her assigned point for 10 minutes four times a day . Data from day 4 were discarded to allow 24 hours for the treatment to take effect . Data from days 5 - 7 were used to measure treatment effect . Results : Sixty women completed the study . There were no differences between groups in attrition  ,  parity , fetal number , maternal age , gestational age at entry , or pre-treatment nausea and emesis scores . Analysis of variance indicated that both groups improved significantly over time , but that nausea improved significantly more in the treatment group than in the sham control group ( F1,58=10.4 , P = .0021 ) . There were no differences in the severity or frequency of emesis between the groups . There was a significant positive correlation ( r=0.261 , P = .044 ) between maternal age and severity of nausea . Conclusion : Our results indicate that acupressure at the PC-6 anatomical site is effective in reducing symptoms of nausea but not frequency of vomiting in pregnant women Background Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ( NVP ) is the most common medical condition of pregnancy , affecting up to 85 % of expecting mothers . NVP can have serious adverse effects on the quality of a woman 's life , social , and domestic functioning , and her general well-being . Therefore , it is very important to treat this condition . Objectives The effectiveness of ginger and acupressure in the treatment of NVP was compared in the present study . Patients and Methods 159 eligible pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate nausea and /or vomiting before 16 weeks gestational age participated in a 7-day clinical trial . They were divided r and omly into three groups : the acupressure , ginger , and control . Participants did not receive any intervention for three days and interventions were performed for the women in acupressure and ginger groups for four days . No intervention was performed for the control group . Data was collected by self-recorded symptoms according to the Rhodes index . Data was analyzed by ANOVA , Kruskal-Wallis , Chi-square , and Fisher exact tests for quantitative and qualitative variables . Results There were no statistical differences in the baseline demographics between the three groups . ANOVA test showed that there were significantly differences in mean difference Rhodes index scores ( vomiting , nausea , retching and total score ) in the three groups ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusions Ginger is more effective than acupressure to relieve mild to moderate nausea and vomiting in symptomatic pregnant women in less than 16 weeks of gestational age Background Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a common complaint of nearly 50 - 80 % of pregnant women . The problem begins around the 4th weeks of pregnancy and often stays up to the 12th weeks and may continue to the 16th week in a few patients . Objectives The aim of our study is to determine the effect of acupressure ( on KID21 point ) on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy . Material s and Methods This single blind clinical trial study was performed on 80 women with nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy . Women were r and omly divided to two groups ; study group with the acupressure on KID21 point and the placebo group with pressure on sham acupressure for 20 minutes per day in four consecutive days . The intensity of nausea was assessed by visual Analogue scale ( VAS ) and vomiting frequency was evaluated by counting during these four days . Then the results compared with each other . Results The intensity of nausea and vomiting between two groups on the fourth day was shown differences ( P<0.001 ) . Conclusions Acupressure on KID21 point is more effective than sham acupressure in reduction of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy BACKGROUND Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy are troublesome symptoms for some women . We undertook a single blind r and omized controlled trial to determine whether acupuncture reduced nausea , dry retching , and vomiting , and improved the health status of women in pregnancy . METHODS The trial was undertaken at a maternity teaching hospital in Adelaide , Australia , where 593 women less than 14 weeks ' pregnant with symptoms of nausea or vomiting were r and omized into 4 groups : traditional acupuncture , pericardium 6 ( p6 ) acupuncture , sham acupuncture , or no acupuncture ( control ) . Treatment was administered weekly for 4 weeks . The primary outcomes were nausea , dry retching , vomiting , and health status . Comparisons were made between groups over 4 consecutive weeks . RESULTS Women receiving traditional acupuncture reported less nausea ( p < 0.01 ) throughout the trial and less dry retching ( p < 0.01 ) from the second week compared with women in the no acupuncture control group . Women who received p6 acupuncture ( p < 0.05 ) reported less nausea from the second week of the trial , and less dry retching ( p < 0.001 ) from the third week compared with women in the no acupuncture control group . Women in the sham acupuncture group ( p < 0.01 ) reported less nausea and dry retching ( p < 0.001 ) from the third week compared with women in the no acupuncture group . No differences in vomiting were found among the groups at any time . CONCLUSION Acupuncture is an effective treatment for women who experience nausea and dry retching in early pregnancy . A time-related placebo effect was found for some women Objective To compare acupuncture with sham ( placebo ) acupuncture for treatment of  nausea of pregnancy .  Methods In a subject- and observer-masked , r and omized , controlled trial in the maternity unit at Exeter Hospital , we gave 55 women between 6 and 10 weeks ' gestation genuine , traditional-style acupuncture or sham treatment with a cocktail stick on three or four occasions over 3 weeks . The main outcome measure was nausea score , as determined by subject report on a visual analogue scale in a daily diary . Anxiety and depression also were assessed . Results Nausea scores decreased from a median of 85.5 ( interquartile range 71.25–89.75 ) to 47.5 ( interquartile range 29.25–69.5 ) in the acupuncture group and from 87.0 ( interquartile range 73.0–90.0 ) to 48.0 ( interquartile range 14.0–80.0 ) in the sham treatment group . There was strong evidence of a time effect ( P < .001 ) but no evidence of a group effect ( P = .9 ) or a group-time interaction ( P = .8 ) . Similarly , there was evidence of time effects in scores for anxiety and depression but no group differences . The study had a power of 95 % to detect significant differences in nausea scores . Conclusion Acupuncture was as effective in treating  nausea of pregnancy as a sham procedure OBJECTIVE To find out whether acupressure wristb and can alleviate  nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy . DESIGN Double-blind , placebo-controlled study . SUBJECTS 97 women with mean gestational length completed 8 - 12 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Symptoms were recorded according to intensity , duration and nature of complaints . RESULTS 71 % of women in the intervention group reported both less intensive morning sickness and reduced duration of symptoms . The same tendency was seen in the placebo group , with 59 % reporting less intensity and 63 % shorter duration of symptoms . However , a significance level of 5 % was reached only in the case of duration of symptoms , which was reduced by 2.74 hours in the intervention group compared to 0.85 hours in the placebo group ( p = 0.018 ) . CONCLUSIONS Acupressure wristb and might be an alternative therapy for morning sickness in early pregnancy , especially before pharmaceutical treatment is considered OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of auricular acupressure in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy . MATERIAL AND METHOD Ninety-eight volunteer pregnant women with symptoms of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy before 14 weeks gestation were enrolled . The participants were r and omized into two groups : treatment group and control group . Each patient in the treatment group received magnet pellets , placed at both auricles . They were taught to start acupressure from the third to the sixth day . Outcome measurement was Rhodes index score , which describe the severity and frequency of nausea and vomiting in the form of a question naire . The patients from both groups were asked to complete and return the forms including the amount of anti-emetic drug taken . Mean Rhodes index score and total number of anti-emetic drug taken from day 4 - 6 were used to compare the treatment effect . Student 's t test , Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis . RESULTS Ninety-one pregnant women who returned the question naires were evaluated . The Rhodes index scores of the treatment group were lower than that of the control group especially after day 4 to day 6 when the acupressure was started . However when comparing the mean score between the two groups , there were no statistically significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) . The total amount of anti-emetic tablets in day 4 - 6 after acupressure intervention was compared and there were no statistically significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) between the groups . CONCLUSION Auricular acupressure therapy in treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy may not relieve nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy and need further clinical research to confirm the effectiveness OBJECTIVE To compare the antiemetic effect of acupressure at the Neiguan point ( P6 ) in a group of healthy women with normal pregnancy and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy ( NVP ) with a similar group receiving acupressure at a placebo point and another , similar group not receiving any treatment . STUDY DESIGN A r and omized , placebo-controlled , pilot study involving 60 women . RESULTS It is possible to reduce NVP significantly with acupressure at P6 as compared to acupressure at a placebo point or no treatment at all in healthy women with normal pregnancies .  Relief from nausea appeared one day after starting treatment in both the P6 and placebo groups but lasted for only six days in the placebo group . The P6 group , however , experienced significantly less nausea after 14 days as compared to the other two groups . CONCLUSION This study involved 60 healthy women with normal pregnancy and suffering from NVP . According to the results , in healthy women with normal pregnancy it is possible to reduce NVP significantly at P6 as compared to acupressure at a placebo point and to no treatment OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of continuous acupressure at P6 applied by Sea-B and s with acupressure buttons on the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy during the 1 st trimester . DESIGN A two-group , quasi-experimental , posttest-only and posttest-repeated measure . SETTING Seventeen medical clinics or offices in southern Michigan . PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of English-speaking , healthy pregnant women in their 1 st trimester , who had at least one episode of 
    Output:
    
Conclusions Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on nausea and vomiting or hyperemesis in pregnancy , results are not conclusive .