***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To compare antimüllerian hormone ( AMH ) and antral follicle count ( AFC ) as predictors of ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation at individual fertility clinics . DESIGN Retrospective analysis of individual study center data in two multicenter trials . Centers that provided > 10 patients were included in the analysis . SETTING A total of 19 ( n = 519 patients ) and 18 study centers ( n = 686 patients ) participating in a long GnRH agonist trial ( MERIT ) and a GnRH antagonist trial ( MEGASET ) , respectively . PATIENT(S ) Infertile women of good prognosis . INTERVENTION(S ) Long GnRH agonist or GnRH antagonist cycles . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Correlation between AMH and AFC , and oocyte yield by each study center for each trial . RESULTS ( S ) Antimüllerian hormone was more strongly correlated with oocyte yield than AFC : r = 0.56 vs. r = 0.28 in the GnRH agonist cohort , and r = 0.55 vs. r = 0.33 in the GnRH antagonist cohort . The correlation was numerically higher for AMH than for AFC at a significantly higher proportion of study centers : 17 ( 89 % ) and 15 ( 83 % ) centers in the long GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist trial , respectively . Assessment of the relative capacity of AMH and AFC for predicting oocyte yield demonstrated that AMH dominated the model : AMH , R(2 ) = 0.29 and 0.23 ; AFC : R(2 ) = 0.07 and 0.07 ; AMH + AFC : R(2 ) = 0.30 and 0.23 for long GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist trials , respectively . CONCLUSIONS ( S ) Antimüllerian hormone was a stronger predictor of ovarian response to gonadotropin therapy than AFC at the study center level in both r and omized trials utilizing GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist protocol s. Antral follicle count provided no added predictive value beyond AMH Background : Assessment of ovarian reserve before an in vitro fertilization cycle ( IVF ) is one among the many factors that predicts a successful cycle . Individualized protocol based on ovarian reserve is design ed to optimize the pregnancy outcome without compromising the patient safety . Although authors have shown that anti-Mullerian hormone-tailored ( AMH ) protocol s have reduced the treatment burden and improved pregnancy rates , a few others have question ed its efficacy . Aims : The aim of this study was to decide whether the AMH-tailored protocol or the conventional protocol better decides IVF outcomes . Setting and Design : Prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary level university hospital . Material s and Methods : Patients undergoing their first IVF cycle who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and r and omized to each group .  Serum follicle-stimulating hormone was done for the patients on day 2 or 3 of a prior menstrual cycle , and serum AMH was done in the preceding cycle . Statistical Analysis : Analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 . Results and Conclusion : There were 100 patients in each group . A total of 83 patients underwent embryo transfer in the conventional group and 78 patients in the AMH group . The clinical pregnancy rates per initiated cycle ( 36.4 % vs. 33.3 % ) and per embryo transfer ( 45.1 % vs. 41.3 % ) were similar in both the groups . There was no statistical difference in the number of cycles cancelled due to poor response or the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in both the groups . Hence , this study showed the similar effectiveness of AMH-tailored protocol and conventional protocol in women undergoing IVF Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more Background The initial dose of recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone [ rFSH ] to be used in assisted reproduction treatment depends on several factors , mainly the cause of the infertility and the patient ’s age . For young patients [ ≤35 years ] usually an initial dose of around 150 IU of rFSH is recommended , but there are no studies proving that this should actually be the st and ard initial dose . We aim ed to report the experience of a low-cost Human Reproduction Center where a dose of 100 IU of rFSH was used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation [ COH ] . Findings An observational prospect i ve study was performed on 212 women aged ≤38 years old that underwent high-complexity assisted reproduction treatments . The patients ’ infertility was mainly caused by tuboperitoneal , idiopathic or male factors . Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using 100 IU of rFSH . Regarding the COH , 53.8 % of the patients presented a satisfactory response , 25.9 % low response , 14.2 % hyper-response , and 6.1 % developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome . Of the 55 patients with poor response , 20 started a new cycle with an initial dose of 200 IU of rFSH ; 65 % showed a satisfactory response , 10 % a poor response , 20 % a hyper-response , and 5 % developed OHSS . Conclusion The initial dose of 100 IU of rFSH was considered adequate for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation , meeting the aim to reduce the costs of the assisted reproduction treatment OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta , a new human recombinant FSH with individualized dosing based on serum antimüllerian hormone ( AMH ) and body weight , with conventional follitropin alfa dosing for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing IVF . DESIGN R and omized , multicenter , assessor-blinded , noninferiority trial ( ESTHER-1 ) . SETTING Reproductive medicine clinics . PATIENT(S ) A total of 1,329 women ( aged 18 - 40 years ) . INTERVENTION(S ) Follitropin delta ( AMH < 15 pmol/L : 12 μg/d ; AMH ≥15 pmol/L : 0.10 - 0.19 μg/kg/d ; maximum 12 μg/d ) , or follitropin alfa ( 150 IU/d for 5 days , potential subsequent dose adjustments ; maximum 450 IU/d ) . MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S ) Ongoing pregnancy and ongoing implantation rates ; noninferiority margins -8.0 % . RESULT ( S ) Ongoing pregnancy ( 30.7 % vs. 31.6 % ; difference -0.9 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -5.9 % to 4.1 % ] ) , ongoing implantation ( 35.2 % vs. 35.8 % ; -0.6 % [ 95 % CI -6.1 % to 4.8 % ] ) , and live birth ( 29.8 % vs. 30.7 % ; -0.9 % [ 95 % CI -5.8 % to 4.0 % ] ) rates were similar for individualized follitropin delta and conventional follitropin alfa . Individualized follitropin delta result ed in more women with target response ( 8 - 14 oocytes ) ( 43.3 % vs. 38.4 % ) , fewer poor responses ( fewer than four oocytes in patients with AMH < 15 pmol/L ) ( 11.8 % vs. 17.9 % ) , fewer excessive responses ( ≥15 or ≥20 oocytes in patients with AMH ≥15 pmol/L ) ( 27.9 % vs. 35.1 % and 10.1 % vs. 15.6 % , respectively ) , and fewer measures taken to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( 2.3 % vs. 4.5 % ) , despite similar oocyte yield ( 10.0 ± 5.6 vs. 10.4 ± 6.5 ) and similar blastocyst numbers ( 3.3 ± 2.8 vs. 3.5 ± 3.2 ) , and less gonadotropin use ( 90.0 ± 25.3 vs. 103.7 ± 33.6 μg ) . CONCLUSION ( S ) Optimizing ovarian response in IVF by individualized dosing according to pretreatment patient characteristics results in similar efficacy and improved safety compared with conventional ovarian stimulation . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01956110 BACKGROUND  Anti-Müllerian hormone ( AMH ) , secreted by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles , has been described as a potential marker of the ovarian reserve . The aim of this prospect i ve study is to investigate the variations of  AMH  during the menstrual cycle in a young selected population of normo-ovulatory women and to analyse the correlation with other cyclic hormones . METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers from 19 to 35 years old , with regular menstrual cycles ( 26 - 31 days ) , normal ovulation ( day 10 - 16 ) , normal hormonal profile and normal body mass index ( 18 - 26 kg/m2 ) were recruited .  AMH , inhibin B , LH , FSH , estradiol and progesterone were measured on days 3 , 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 and 25 of a spontaneous cycle . RESULTS  AMH serum levels , either expressed by cycle day or aligned according to the ovulation day , did not show any significant variations during the menstrual cycle . CONCLUSIONS No significant fluctuation of the  AMH level during the menstrual cycle was observed . Therefore , this hormone is particularly interesting for clinical evaluation of the ovarian reserve as it may be used at any time during the cycle This pilot study compared the efficacy and safety of two simple dosing algorithms , one based on anti-Müllerian Hormone ( AMH ) and the other on the antral follicle count ( AFC ) , to determine the starting dose of recombinant FSH ( rFSH ) for ovarian stimulation in 348 women . Patients were r and omized to a predefined AMH- or AFC-based algorithm . The proportion of cycles with the desired response was similar when rFSH dose was determined using AMH or AFC ( 35.2 % versus 28.4 % ) . There was a significant difference between the groups in the proportion of cycles with a hyperresponse ( 8.6 % and 17.4 % , but the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was similar ( 1.1 % and 4.6 % ) . There were no significant differences between two groups in outcomes , including implantation ( 19.3 % versus 19.0 % ) , clinical pregnancy ( 38.0 % versus 46.9 % ) , multiple pregnancy ( 16.5 % versus 15.2 % ) and miscarriage ( 7.0 % versus 8.3 % ) . However , statistically significant differences in ovarian response were evident among the AMH and AFC subgroups : for AMH , Desired and Hypo ; for AFC , Hypo and Hyper . This pilot study provides information for developing protocol s to further vali date the use of either AMH or AFC to guide the starting dose of rFSH in ovarian stimulation . The ideal outcome for couples undergoing IVF treatment is the birth of a healthy baby . One factor that might influence this is retrieving an adequate number of eggs , which are obtained using various treatment protocol s. A group of drugs called gonadotrophins have been used for more than 20years to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs . However , the dose to start treatment has not been clearly defined . A few studies have looked at ways to use the best gonadotrophin dose for each woman , but to be useful in the clinic any approach needs to be simple and easy to use . This study compared the effectiveness and safety of two simple approaches to determining the starting dose of recombinant FSH ( rFSH ) for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing IVF . One was based on the concentration of a hormone secreted by developing eggs ( anti-Müllerian hormone ; AMH ) and the other on the number of developing follicles ( antral follicle count ; AFC ) . The number of cycles achieving the desired response in terms of number of eggs was similar when rFSH dose was guided using AMH or AFC , and the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was also similar . In addition , rates of clinical pregnancy , multiple pregnancy and miscarriage did not differ between the two groups . However , patients with low AMH concentrations or low AFC had a poor response to ovarian stimulation . This pilot study provides useful information from which new studies can further assess these approaches to personalizing treatment during IVF CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone ( AMH ) , a quantitative marker for ovarian reserve , has been suggested to be independent of the classical endocrine fluctuations of the menstrual cycle . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether AMH levels are constant throughout the menstrual cycle , compared with those of FSH , LH , and estradiol . DESIGN / PATIENTS Frequent blood sampling was performed in 44 fertile , regularly cycling , female volunteers during one full menstrual cycle . SETT 
    Output:
    
The other four secondary outcomes were in the favor of the conventional group but with no statistically significant difference .
AMH-based stimulation has the same results of pregnancy rate and risk of OHSS and can reduce the dose of rFSH and duration of stimulation