***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES All-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures ( RBFPDs ) were introduced as a conservative treatment approach 15 years ago . The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate the long-term clinical survival of RBFPDs made with a conventional two-retainer design or a cantilever single-retainer design . METHOD AND MATERIAL S A total of 37 anterior RBFPDs were made from the glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic In-Ceram . Sixteen RBFPDs with a conventional two-retainer design were inserted in 14 patients , and 21 RBFPDs with a cantilever single-retainer design were inserted in 16 patients . Panavia or Panavia 21 were used as luting agents either after silica-coating and silanation or after air-abrasion only . Patients were recalled every year for a clinical examination to evaluate the restorations with regard to function and possible failures . The mean observation time in the two-retainer group was 75.8 months , and in the single-retainer group it was 51.7 months . RESULTS No restoration debonded . In the two-retainer group , one restoration was lost because it fractured after 3 months at both connectors and one restoration was removed alio loco accidentally . Also in this group , four RBFPDs fractured within 15 months after insertion at one connector , but the pontic remained in situ as a cantilever RBFPD for several years . In the single-retainer group , only one FPD fractured and was lost 48 months after insertion . The 5-year survival rate was 73.9 % in the two-retainer group and 92.3 % in the single-retainer group . When unilateral fracture of a FPD was taken as criterion for failure , the five-year survival rate decreased to 67.3 % in the two-retainer group . CONCLUSIONS Cantilever all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures made from high-strength oxide ceramics present a promising treatment alternative to two-retainer RBFPDs in the anterior region OBJECTIVES The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of  3-unit anterior fixed partial dentures ( FPDs ) made of fiber-reinforced resin composite ( FRC )  , and to identify design factors influencing the survival rate . METHODS 52 patients ( 26 females , 26 males ) received 60 indirectly made FRC FPDs  , using pre-impregnated unidirectional glass fibers , requiring manual wetting , as framework material . FPDs were surface ( n=48 ) or hybrid ( n=12 ) retained and mainly located in the upper jaw . Hybrid FPDs had a combination of retainers ; i.e. crown at one and surface retention at the other abutment tooth . Surface FPDs were either purely adhesively retained ( n=29 ) or with additional mechanical retention ( n=19 ) . Follow-up period was at minimum 5 years , with check-ups every 1 - 2 years . Six operators were involved , in three centers in the Netherl and s , Finl and and Sweden . Survival rates , including repairable defects of FPDs , and success rates were determined . RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 5 years was 64 % ( SE 7 % ) . For the level of success , values were 45 % ( SE 7 % ) and the estimated median survival time 58 ( SE 10.1 ) months . For surface FPDs , additional mechanical retention did not improve survival significantly . There was a trend towards better survival of surface FPDs over hybrid FPDs , but differences were not significant . Main failure modes were fracture of the FPD and delamination of veneering composite . SIGNIFICANCE A success rate of 45 % and a survival rate of 64 % after 5 years was found . Fracture of the framework and delamination are the most prevalent failure modes , especially for surface FPDs OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve clinical study evaluated the performance of indirect , anterior , surface-retained , fibre-reinforced-composite restorations ( ISFRCR ) . METHODS Between June-2003 and January-2011 , a total of 134 patients ( 83 females , 51 males , 16 - 68 years old ) received 175 ISFRCRs ( local ethical registration number : 14/9/4 ) . All restorations were made indirectly on a plaster model using unidirectional E-glass fibres ( everStick C&B , StickTech ) in combination with a laboratory resin composite ( Dialogue , Schütz Dental ) and cemented according to the instructions of 4 resin cements [ ( RelyX ARC , 3M-ESPE , n=61 ) , Bifix DC , VOCO , n=45 ) , Variolink II ( Ivoclar Vivadent , n=32 ) and Multilink ( Ivoclar Vivadent , n=37 ) ] . After baseline recordings , patients were followed at 6 months and thereafter annually up to 7.5 years . The evaluation protocol involved technical ( chipping , debonding or fracture of tooth/restoration ) and biological failures ( caries ) . RESULTS Mean observation period was 58 months . Altogether , 13 failures were observed [ survival rate : 97.7 % ] ( Kaplan-Meier ) . One catastrophic fracture [ ( cement : RelyX ARC ) , eight partial debonding ( cement : Bifix DC ( 5 ) , Multilink ( 1 ) , RelyX ARC ( 1 ) , Variolink II ( 1 ) ] and four delaminations of veneering composite [ ( cement : Bifix DC ( 2 ) , RelyX ARC ( 1 ) , Multilink ( 1 ) ] were observed . Except one replacement , all defective restorations were repaired or recemented . Annual failure rate of ISFRCRs was 1.73 % . The survival rates with the four resin cements did not show significant differences ( RelyX ARC : 98.3 % ; Bifix DC : 93.5 % ; Variolink 2 : 100 % ; Multilink : 100 % ) ( p=0.114 ) . Secondary caries did not occur in any of the teeth . CONCLUSION The 3-unit anterior indirect surface-retained resin-bonded FRC FDPs showed similar clinical survival rate when cemented with the resin cements tested . Experienced failures in general were due to debonding of the restoration or delamination of the veneering composite . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 3-unit surface retained resin-bonded FRC FDPs could be considered minimal invasive and cost-effective alternatives to conventional tooth- or implant-borne FDPs .  Failures were mainly repairable in the form of chipping or debonding depending on the resin cement type PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the 6-year survival rates and technical/ biologic complication rates of single-retainer glass-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses ( RBFDPs ) .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients with 49 anterior/posterior glass-ceramic RBFDPs were included . The RBFDPs  replaced 11 maxillary/m and ibular central incisors , 18 lateral incisors , 18 premolars , and 2 molars . Patients willing to participate were clinical ly and radiologically examined . The technical outcome was assessed with modified United States Public Health Service criteria . Fracture and /or chipping of the restoration , occlusal wear , marginal adaptation , marginal discoloration , shape , surface texture , and esthetic integration were recorded . Tooth vitality and postoperative sensitivity were tested . The following biologic parameters were assessed at test and control teeth : probing pocket depth , gingival recession , attachment loss , bleeding on probing , furcation involvement , and periodontal mobility . Statistical analysis was performed with exact 95 % confidence intervals to relative frequencies and the paired t test . RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with 35 RBFDPs participated . The mean follow-up of the RBFDPs was 6 years . Twelve patients with 14 RBFDPs were not willing to participate or not available . No catastrophic failures occurred . The 6-year survival rate of the examined RBFDPs was 100 % . No debonding was recorded . Chipping of the ceramic was found in 5.7 % of the RBFDPs . Biologic outcomes were similar at test and control teeth . CONCLUSION Glass-ceramic RBFDPs exhibited promising clinical outcomes in both anterior and posterior regions Previous clinical observations have revealed that resin-bonded bridges for posterior tooth replacements are less retentive than anterior resin-bonded bridges . Improved bonding procedures and preparation design s , however , may have a positive effect on the functional durability of these restorations . The present study reports the final analysis of a r and omized controlled clinical trial in which different design s of  posterior resin-bonded bridges  were evaluated for a period of at least 5 years . The operational hypothesis was that the bonding system and the preparation design used in posterior resin-bonded bridges have an influence on the survival and clinical functioning of these restorations . Survival in this study was defined at two levels : ( 1 ) ' complete ' survival ( survival without any debonding ) , and ( 2 ) ' functional ' survival ( survival including loss of retention on one occasion and successful rebonding of the original RBB without further debonding ) . With regard to ' complete ' survival , no significant differences were found between the bonding systems used for adherence of the restorations to abutment teeth ( etching/Clearfil F2 , s and blasting/Panavia EX , and silica-coating/Microfill Pontic C ) . The variable ' preparation form ' ( conventional preparation form vs. modified preparation form ) for complete survival was statistically in favor of the modified preparation form ( 62 % vs. 46 % ) , but did not influence the functional survival . With regard to ' functional ' survival , the combination of silica coating and Microfill Pontic C was more retentive than the other bonding systems ( 90 % survival vs. 72 % and 75 % , p < 0.01 ) . Factor location was found to be highly significant for both survival levels [ Cox 's PH model , p = 0.0002 ( Cox , 1972 ) ] : The five-year ' complete ' survival rates were 65 % for maxillary restorations and 40 % for m and ibular restorations , while the five-year ' functional ' survival rates were 89 % and 68 % , respectively . It is concluded that preparation of grooves in abutment teeth for posterior resin-bonded bridges is beneficial to their chance of survival . Resin-bonded bridges placed in the maxilla have a better prognosis than those made in the m and ible . The bonding systems used in this study appear to have no influence on the chance of failure . In rebonded posterior resin-bonded bridges , the bonding system silica-coating/Microfill Pontic C was more retentive than the other systems tested 
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Moreover , the survival rate was higher for RBBs inserted in the anterior area of the oral cavity compared with posterior RBBs .
Despite the high survival rate of RBBs after 5 and 10 years , technical complications like de-bonding and minor chipping were frequent .
RBBs with zirconia framework and RBBs with one retainer tooth showed the highest survival rate