***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to prospect ively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of immediately loaded full-arch fixed prostheses supported by a combination of axially and non-axially positioned implants in a large cohort of patients with completely edentulous jaws , up to 5 years of function . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-three edentulous patients ( 80 males and 93 females ) were enrolled according to specific selection criteria . Each patient received a full-arch fixed prosthesis supported by two distal tilted implants and two anterior axially placed implants . The provisional functional acrylic prosthesis was delivered the same day as surgery in all cases . All cases were finalized 4 - 6 months later . The patients were scheduled for follow-up at 6 and 12 months of function , and annually up to 5 years . At each follow-up plaque and bleeding score was assessed and radiographic evaluation of marginal bone level was performed . RESULTS The overall follow-up range was 4 - 59 months . A total of 154 immediately loaded prostheses ( 61 in the maxilla and 93 in the m and ible ) were in function for at least 1 year and were considered for the analysis . Four axially placed implants failed in the maxilla and one tilted implant in the m and ible , all within 6 months of loading . No further implant failure occurred to date . Implant survival at 1 year was 98.36 % and 99.73 % for the maxilla and the m and ible , respectively . Marginal bone loss at 1 year averaged 0.9+/-0.7 mm in the maxilla ( 204 implants ) and 1.2+/-0.9 mm in the m and ible ( 292 implants ) . No difference was found in marginal bone loss between axial and tilted implants . Plaque and bleeding scores progressively improved from 6 to 12 months . Fracture of the acrylic prosthesis occurred in 14 % of total cases . CONCLUSIONS The present preliminary results from a relatively large sample size suggest that the present technique can be considered a viable treatment option for the immediate rehabilitation of both m and ible and maxilla PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcome of a prospect i ve 5-year longitudinal multicenter test of a simplified implantology concept comprising an abutment-free implant system ( Cresco ) and a new method for fabrication of passively fitting superstructures , the Cresco Ti Precision method . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The tests were carried out at three different centers . Sixty partially or completely edentulous patients were restored by fixed implant-supported superstructures fabricated according to the Cresco Ti Precision method . In all , 215 Cresco implants were placed for the support of the superstructures . For various reasons , eight patients ( 13 % ) could not be followed through the 5 years . The radiographic measurements were recorded from radiographs exposed perpendicular to the implants . RESULTS The initial implant failure rate ( during the healing phase ) was 2 % , and the survival rate after loading was 98 % . The mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.29 mm ( SD 0.57 ) . Of the measured sites , 71 % showed a crestal bone loss of less than 0.5 mm . Very few mechanical complications were observed . This was attributed to the passively fitting superstructures . CONCLUSION The results from the present multicenter test demonstrated that the abutment-free Cresco implantology concept is a reliable alternative method for implant-supported fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous and partially edentulous jaws BACKGROUND Originally , the Brånemark System was used as a two-stage surgical procedure . Comparable clinical results have made one-stage and early-loading concepts possible alternatives in the edentulous m and ible . From the patient 's point of view , the financial aspect of implant treatment is important . In an attempt to decrease financial burden , the reduction of surgical interventions and reduction of the number of implants could be considered . PURPOSE This prospect i ve multicenter study evaluated ( 1 ) the 1- and 3-year success rates of implants loaded within 1 month after one-stage surgery with a fixed 10- to 12-unit bridge on three regular platform Brånemark System implants in the m and ible , ( 2 ) the outcome of the prosthetic treatment , and ( 3 ) the opinion of patients regarding the treatment procedure . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Of 20 patients , 19 received five implants in the m and ible , of which three were functionally loaded with the one-stage technique ( group 1 ) . The loaded implants were inserted in a tripodal position , one implant in the symphysis and two located anterior of the mental foramen in the bicuspid area . Two additional implants were inserted for safety reasons but were not intended to be included in the restoration . These two additional implants served as either an unloaded one-stage control implant ( group 2 ) or an unloaded control implant installed with the submerged technique ( group 3 ) . Immediately after surgery , the implants were loaded with a relined denture . The patients received a 10- to 12-unit prosthetic reconstruction an average 31 days ( range , 4 - 53 d ) after surgery . Implant stability was clinical ly checked at 3 , 12 , and 36 months . Radiographs were taken at corresponding follow-up visits to calculate bone-to-implant level and marginal bone resorption . RESULTS Six of 60 functionally loaded implants ( 10 % ) and 3 of 20 prostheses ( 15 % ) failed within the first year . The cumulative implant failure rate in group 1 , both after 1 and after 3 years , was 9.5 % . No implant failure occurred in the control groups 2 and 3 . The average marginal bone level measured at 1 and 3 years was 1.6 mm ( SD = 0.8 mm ) and 2.1 mm ( SD = 0.2 mm ) , respectively , for group 1 ; 1.5 mm ( SD = 1.3 mm ) and 2.4 mm ( SD = 0.6 mm ) , respectively , for group 2 ; 0.8 mm ( SD = 1.4 mm ) and 0.7 mm ( SD = 0.9 mm ) , respectively , for group 3 . CONCLUSIONS The results of treatment using three regular platform Brånemark System implants supporting a fixed m and ibular arch reconstruction were less favorable than the outcome that can be expected with a st and ard four- to six-implant with one-stage surgery PURPOSE To compare peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels of immediately non-occlusally loaded versus non-submerged early loaded implants  in partially edentulous patients 5 years after implant placement . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty-two patients were r and omised in five Italian private practice s : 25 in the immediately loaded group and 27 in the early loaded group . To be immediately loaded , single implants had to be inserted with a torque of > 30 Ncm , and splinted implants with a torque of > 20 Ncm . Immediately loaded implants were provided with non-occluding temporary restorations within 48 hours . After 2 months , the provisional restorations were put in full occlusion . Implants were early loaded after 2 months . Final restorations were provided 8 months after implant placement . Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures as well as biological and prosthetic complications recorded by non-blinded assessors . Blinded assessors evaluated peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels . RESULTS Fifty-two implants were immediately loaded and 52 early loaded . One patient of the early loaded group dropped out after the 1-year recall . One single immediately loaded implant failed 2 months after placement . Only one complication ( iatrogenic peri-implantitis ) occurred in one patient of the early loading group . Both groups gradually lost peri-implant bone in a highly statistically significant way at 2 , 8 and 14 months and at 4 and 5 years . After 5 years , patients of both groups had lost an average of 1.2 mm of peri-implant marginal bone . There were no statistically significant differences in peri-implant bone and soft-tissue level changes between the 2 groups . At 5 years , there was a statistically significant recession ( 0.2 mm ) of the vestibular soft tissues from baseline ( delivery of the final restorations 8 months after implant placement ) only for immediately loaded implants . CONCLUSIONS In well maintained patients , complications are uncommon and healthy and stable periimplant tissues can be maintained for 5 years around immediately and early loaded implants PURPOSE The purpose of the current prospect i ve multicenter study was to evaluate the 5-year implant success and peri-implant conditions of smooth-surface Brånemark System implants when using a novel technique including a 1-stage surgical procedure with early loading in edentulous m and ibles . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study protocol included 1-stage surgery as well as placement of the definitive prosthesis within 6 weeks after implant insertion ( ie , early loading ) . Clinical evaluation , as well as evaluation of function and esthetics , was performed at each follow-up visit . Radiographs were obtained at connection of the prostheses and at the 1 , 3- , and 5-year check-ups . RESULTS A total of 40 patients with a mean age of 56 years ( range , 30 to 70 ) were included in the study . In all , 170 implants were placed in between the mental foramina , of which 120 implants in 30 patients were associated with overdenture treatment and 50 implants in 10 patients with fixed complete dentures . Twelve implants failed in 6 patients . The cumulative implant survival rate was 92.9 % after both 1 and 5 years of follow-up . Another 3 implants were recorded as mobile but still in function when individually checked at the 5-year visit , which result ed in a cumulative success rate of 91.0 % . Mean bone remodeling over the study period was less than 0.1 mm/y after the first year of loading , result ing in a mean marginal bone level of 0.66 mm ( SD 0.73 , n = 138 ) apical to the implant collar reference point after 5 years . CONCLUSIONS One-stage , early loaded smooth-surface Brånemark System implants functioned well for the majority of patients with edentulous m and ibles . Stable peri-implant conditions were observed . Bone remodeling result ed in a mean bone level above the first implant thread after 5 years . The somewhat lower success rate of 91.0 % compared to a 2-stage procedure may be related to generous inclusion criteria and to a learning curve involving a novel treatment procedure BACKGROUND The concept of immediate loading of dental implants has been research ed in animal and man . High predictability with titanium screw implants can be expected under certain circumstances . Delayed loading , which is empirically based , may offer roadblocks to success in the complex case . Micromotion under a denture , retention of compromised teeth , and the necessity for multiple implant surgeries complicate the situation . The present study was undertaken to demonstrate whether in partial and fully edentulous patients , titanium screw implants may be installed and loaded within 72 hours . METHODS The study included 27 jaws ( 23 m and ibles and 4 maxillas ) in patients who refused to wear a denture or were told of the possibility of immediately loading their implants .  Criteria similar to delayed loading was utilized . The patient had to have adequate volume and density for a minimum of 4 ( 10 mm ) implants in the m and ible and 6 in the maxilla , in addition to other requirements . After a thorough presurgical evaluation by the restorative dentist , a template and heat-cured/metal-reinforced provisional were fabricated . Following fixture installation , either the fixed provisional was placed or an impression was taken , and the provisional was seated within 72 hours . Once the temporary was placed , it remained until osseointegration was complete . RESULTS Success rates similar to those in delayed loaded cases may be expected ( 95 % ) . Fewer s and blasted/acid-etched titanium screws were lost than machined titanium screws . All patients went on to completion of their original prosthetic prescription . CONCLUSIONS Patients who are partially or fully edentulous may predictably be restored with fixed implant prostheses immediately upon fixture placement if certain parameters are met Removable partial dentures may adversely affect remaining tissues and have a low prevalence of use . This r and omized controlled trial was design ed to compare the time to survival of cantilever resin-bonded fixed partial dentures and conventional removable partial dentures to restore shortened lower dental arches . We r and omly allocated 25 male and 35 female patients ( median age , 67 years ) to fixed or removable partial denture groups of 30 persons , matched for age and sex .  Survival of the prostheses was assessed , based on listed criteria , at each review or when problems arose . Although the removable partial denture group required rather more maintenance visits , the difference in survival rates was not statistically significant ( hazard ratio = 0.59 , with 95 % CI 0.27 , 1.29 ) . In the absence of significant differences in five-year survival , the reported advantages of fixed partial dentures , including reduced maintenance frequency , offer positive support for the use of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures In the present multi-center study , non-submerged ITI implants were prospect ively followed to evaluate their long-term prognosis in fully and partially edentulous patients . In a total of 1003 patients , 2359 implants were consecutively inserted . Following a healing period of 3 - 6 months , the successfully integrated implants were restored with 393 removable and 758 fixed restorations . Subsequently , all consecutive implants were documented annually up to 8 years . At each exam 
    Output:
    
For implant-supported FAFDPs , using 4 - 6 implants is a well-documented treatment option with high estimated 5-year survival of the construction .
It is unclear whether three implants for supporting a FAFDP will achieve similar survival rates .