***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE Patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 and patients with a BMI between 35 and 40 kg/m2 without comorbidities are noneligible by current eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery .  We used Swedish obese subjects ( SOS ) to explore long-term outcomes in noneligible versus eligible patients . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The SOS study involved 2,010 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery ( 68 % vertical-b and ed gastroplasty , 19 % b and ing , and 13 % gastric bypass ) and 2,037 contemporaneously matched obese controls receiving usual care .  At inclusion , the participant age was 37–60 years and BMI was ≥34 kg/m2 in men and ≥38 kg/m2 in women . The effect of surgery was assessed in patients that do ( n = 3,814 ) and do not ( n = 233 ) meet current eligibility criteria . The date of analysis was 1 January 2012 . The follow-up time was up to 20 years , with a median of 10 years . RESULTS Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly improved both in noneligible and eligible individuals after 10 years of follow-up . Surgery reduced the diabetes incidence in both the noneligible ( adjusted hazard ratio 0.33 [ 95 % CI 0.13–0.82 ] , P = 0.017 ) and eligible ( 0.27 [ 0.22–0.33 ] , P < 0.001 ) groups . We could not detect a difference in the effect of surgery between the groups ( adjusted interaction P value = 0.713 ) . CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery drastically reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes both in noneligible and eligible patients and improved cardiovascular risk factors in both groups . Our results show that strict BMI cutoffs are of limited use for bariatric surgery prioritization if the aim is to prevent diabetes and improve cardiovascular risk factors Abstract Aims /hypothesisThe aim of this work was to analyse the rates of incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to baseline BMI and weight change in the prospect i ve , controlled Swedish Obese Subjects ( SOS ) study . Methods Three-thous and four-hundred and eighty-five obese individuals receiving bariatric surgery or conventional treatment  were grouped into four baseline BMI categories ( < 35 , 35–40 , 40–45 or ≥45 kg/m2 ) and five weight-change categories according to their BMI at 2 years ( increase [ ≥1 BMI unit increase ] , no change [ less than 1 BMI unit change ] , minor reduction [ −1 to −9 BMI units ] , medium reduction [ −10 to −14 BMI units ] and major reduction [ < −15 BMI units ] ) . The incidence and remission of diabetes at 2 years was assessed . Results Among individuals with no weight change , diabetes incidence rates were 5.5 % , 7.4 % , 8.3 % and 5.2 % , in the four baseline BMI categories , respectively . In those with an initial BMI of 35–40 , 40–45 and ≥45 kg/m2 who attained a minor reduction in weight , the corresponding rates were 1.3 % , 1.2 % and 3.4 % , respectively . In both the medium- and major-weight-reduction groups , diabetes incidence was ≤0.5 % . Among individuals with diabetes at baseline , the remission rates were 15.3–26.9 % in the no-weight-change groups , and 48.1–70 % for individuals who attained a minor weight reduction . In the medium- and major-weight-reduction groups , the remission rate was 77–97 % . There were no differences in 2 year incidence and remission rates between different baseline BMI groups that achieved the same degree of weight reduction . Conclusions /interpretationIn obese individuals , the favourable effect of weight reduction on type 2 diabetes incidence and remission is independent of initial BMI . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov number The aim of this work was to determine whether the effects of weight loss on coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk factors are comparable in men and women and whether the long term impact of modest weight loss is as great as the initial response . Changes in CHD risk factors were examined at 6 month intervals in 159 moderately overweight subjects who were participating in an 18 month behavioral weight loss program .  Men experienced greater decreases in blood pressure , triglycerides , and waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR ) and greater increases in HDL-cholesterol with weight loss than women . Most of these gender differences were removed by adjusting for baseline values and changes in BMI . After these adjustments , improvements in WHR at 18 months were shown to be greater in women than in men . Participants ( n = 39 ) who lost 4.5 kg or more from baseline to 6 months ( mean weight loss of 11.8 kg or 13 % of initial body weight ) and maintained this weight loss within + /- 2.3 kg had significant long term improvements ( through 18 months ) in triglycerides , HDL and LDL-cholesterol , WHR , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , and fasting and 2 h insulin . Changes in HDL-cholesterol , the HDL : Total cholesterol ratio , and WHR actually increased between 6 and 18 months and improvements in all other parameters were maintained over time . Men have greater improvements in CHD risk factors with weight loss than women , but this gender difference appears to derive from differences in CHD risk factors at baseline and differences in weight loss . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS OBJECTIVE The current study examines the prevalence of binge eating and its association with adiposity and psychosocial functioning in a large , diverse sample of youth with type 2 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the TODAY study , 678 ( mean age 14.0 years ; 64.9 % girls ) of the 704 youth r and omized to the study completed a self-report measure of eating disorder symptoms  and were categorized as nonovereaters , overeaters , sub clinical binge eaters , or clinical binge eaters . RESULTS Youth with clinical ( 6 % ) and sub clinical ( 20 % ) levels of binge eating had significantly higher levels and rates of extreme obesity , global eating disorder and depressive symptoms , and impaired quality of life . CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of evaluating youth with type 2 diabetes for the presence of binge eating . Future research is needed to determine the cumulative effects of disordered eating , obesity , and psychosocial distress on adherence to lifestyle change recommendations and longitudinal response to treatment 
    Output:
    
Conclusions BED and NES are common in adults with T2DM , and BED is associated with higher BMI in patients with T2DM .