***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Summary A controlled clinical study on the outcome of  family intervention  in chronic schizophrenics is being carried out in Athens . All subjects participating in the study reside with their families and attend a vocational rehabilitation unit . Those belonging to families characterized by high “ Expressed Emotion ” ( EE ) are r and omly assigned to either the experimental or the control condition . The former receive family intervention combined with individual treatment , the latter individual treatment alone .  75 subjects have entered the study , and 121 relatives were interviewed with the Camberwell  Family Interview . 40 patients ( 53.3 % ) were found to belong to high EE families . The present article presents the results of the baseline assessment . It was found that the EE status of the family was significantly associated with measures of psychopathology and social functioning ( BPRS , GAS , DAS , number of residual symptoms ) . Further analyses revealed that these associations exist only when all key relatives express high EE . The implication s of these findings are discussed Purpose To evaluate the contribution of positive affect in the family environment to relapse in first episode psychosis . Method 65 service users with a first episode of psychosis were recruited into the current study along with their key relatives . Relatives were interviewed and rated using the Expressed Emotion ( EE ) measure of warmth  , whilst service users completed question naires about the positive and negative affects that they perceived from the family environment . Associations between these measures and relapse were examined in a one-year prospect i ve design . Results Service users were less likely to relapse within 6 and 12-month follow-up periods when their relatives were rated high on EE warmth , or when they perceived more positive affect from the family . The relationships between service users ’ perceived positive affect and relapse were preserved after controlling for baseline symptoms , substance use and employment status . Service users ’ perceptions of positive affect and EE ratings of warmth appeared to be stronger predictors of relapse outcome than criticism and other EE variables . Conclusions Positive family environments may protect against relapse in first episode psychosis . Psychosocial interventions should aim to foster and maintain positive affect in families during the early stages of illness . Further research is needed to underst and the mechanisms linking positive affect and outcomes for people recovering from psychosis This article explores  family  burden in relation to relatives ' coping strategies and social networks , as well as in relation to the patients ' severity of positive and negative symptoms . Data on the severity of symptoms ( Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia [ PANSS ] ) , social functioning ( Social Functioning Scale [ SFS ] ) , caregivers burden ( Interview on Objective and Subjective Family Burden or Entrevista de Carga Familiar Objetiva y Subjetiva [ ECFOS ] ) , coping skills ( Family Coping Question naire [ FCQ ] ) , and social support ( Social Network Question naire [ SNQ ] )  were gathered from a r and omized sample of 101 Chilean out patients and their primary caregivers , mostly mothers .  Low levels of burden were typically found , with the exception of moderate levels on general concerns for the ill relative . A hierarchical regression analysis with four blocks showed that clinical characteristics , such as higher frequency of relapses , more positive symptoms and lower independence-performance , together with lower self-control attributed to the patient , decrease in social interests , and less affective support , predict burden . The results support the relevance of psychoeducational interventions where families ' needs are addressed As part of a controlled study of the effectiveness of a counseling program for family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia , we conducted a comprehensive examination of the process . The particular foci were on themes that arose during sessions , principal therapeutic interventions offered , and caveats for counselors working in the field . The most striking finding was the diverse range of themes , covering personal , coping , family , and social aspects of the caregiving experience . This required a correspondingly broad array of interventions . The implication s are clear : confining counseling for caregivers to such traditional dimensions as education or attempts to reduce emotional expressiveness denies them the opportunity to deal with other equally relevant concerns BACKGROUND Poorly defined cohorts and weak study design s have hampered cross-cultural comparisons of course and outcome in schizophrenia . AIMS To describe long-term outcome in 18 diverse treated incidence and prevalence cohorts . To compare mortality , 15- and 25-year illness trajectory and the predictive strength of selected baseline and short-term course variables . METHODS Historic prospect i ve study . St and ardised assessment s of course and outcome . RESULTS About 75 % traced . About 50 % of surviving cases had favourable outcomes , but there was marked heterogeneity across geographic centres . In regression models , early ( 2-year ) course patterns were the strongest predictor of 15-year outcome , but recovery varied by location ; 16 % of early unremitting cases achieved late-phase recovery . CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of treated incident cases of schizophrenia achieve favourable long-term outcome . Sociocultural conditions appear to modify long-term course . Early intervention programmes focused on social as well as pharmacological treatments may realise longer-term gains 
    Output:
    
Results Similar to chronic patients , a high prevalence of high-EE in carers of FEP patients was reported .
High-EE status appears to be independent of the patient ’s illness-related characteristics , but dependent of relatives ’ attributions .
In contrast to chronic patients , low levels of FB and psychological distress among family members of FEP patients were observed indicating that in the early stages of the illness family involvement is not yet associated with significant disruption in their lives .
Studies assessing FB in chronic patients have found a well-established link of FB with patient ’s illness-related factors , but in FEP patients the families ’ appraisal of FB is more closely associated with their coping mechanisms .