***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This study 's purpose was to test silver diammine fluoride ( SDF ) in arresting incipient occlusal caries in erupting permanent first molars and to compare it with other approaches . METHODS Sixty-six first erupting permanent molars were r and omly divided into 3 groups : cross tooth-brushing technique ( CTT ) , application of SDF , and glass ionomer fissure sealant ( GIC ) . The clinical procedures were conducted by the same dentist . Teeth were assessed clinical ly by 1 blinded examiner using visual inspection at baseline and after 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 30 months and radiographically at 6- , 12- , and 30-month follow-up evaluations . The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare noninvasive treatments , and the Friedman test was performed to evaluate differences for each group during different follow-up periods . RESULTS A reduced number of active caries lesions was noted in all groups . After 3 and 6 months , SDF showed a significantly greater capacity for arresting caries lesions than CTT and GIC . At 18- and 30-month evaluations , no differences were observed among the 3 groups . All groups showed differences between baseline and all follow-up re-examinations . CONCLUSIONS All the tested techniques are equally efficient in controlling initial occlusal caries in erupting permanent first molars after 30-months of follow-up Glass ionomer cements possess several properties that support their consideration in a wide variety of clinical applications including Pit and fissure sealants . The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate Fuji III and Fuji VII glass ionomer sealants in terms of retention , caries incidence and salivary fluoride release between two groups of children aged 6 and -8 years respectively . One hundred and ten first permanent molars were sealed and the clinical evaluation showed no incidence of caries . There was partial or complete retention of the sealant in 80 % of the treated teeth in both groups at the one-year evaluation . Irrespective of the sealant used , the pattern of fluoride release remained consistent , with an initial high fluoride release followed by low prolonged leakage before returning to baseline value at the end of one year Background Occlusal surfaces of erupting and newly erupted permanent molars are particularly susceptible to caries . The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effect of a single application of 38 % SDF with ART sealants and no treatment in preventing dentinal ( D3 ) caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of school children who participated in a daily school-based toothbrushing program with fluoride toothpaste . Methods The prospect i ve community clinical trial in the Philippines was conducted over a period of 18 months and included 704 six- to eight-year-old school children in eight public elementary schools with a daily school-based fluoride toothpaste brushing program . Children were r and omly assigned for SDF application or ART sealant treatment . Children from two of the eight schools did not receive SDF or ART sealant treatment and served as controls . SDF or ART sealant treatment was applied on sound occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars . Surfaces that were originally defined as sound at baseline but which changed to dentinal ( D3 ) caries lesions were defined as surfaces with new caries ( caries increment ) . Non-compliance to the daily toothbrushing program in three schools offered the opportunity to analyze the caries preventive effect of SDF and sealants separately in fluoride toothpaste brushing and in non-toothbrushing children . Results In the brushing group , caries increment in the SDF treatment group was comparable with the non-treatment group but caries increment in the sealant group was lower than in the non-treatment group with a statistically significant lower hazard ratio of 0.12 ( 0.02 - 0.61 ) . In the non-brushing group , caries increment in the SDF treatment group and the sealant group was lower than the non-treatment group but the hazard ratio was only statistically significant for the sealant group ( HR 0.33 ; 0.20 - 0.54 ) . Caries increment was lower in toothbrushing children than in non-toothbrushing children . Hazard ratios reached statistical significance for the non-treated children ( HR 0.43 ; 0.21 - 0.87 ) and the sealant-treated children ( HR 0.15 ; 0.03 - 0.072 ) . Conclusions A one-time application of 38 % SDF on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of six- to eight-year-old children is not an effective method to prevent dentinal ( D3 ) caries lesions . ART sealants significantly reduced the onset of caries over a period of 18 months . Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Register The aim of the present study was to compare intraindividually a type III fissure-sealant , glass ionomer cement with a resin-based sealant .  One hundred and forty-eight first permanent molars were sealed in forty-seven children . After three years 20.8 percent of the resin and 34.7 percent of the glass ionomer cement sealants were partially lost , and 0 percent and 37.5 percent , respectively , were totally lost . One tooth ( 1.4 percent ) in the glass ionomer cement group and three teeth ( 4.2 percent ) in the resin group developed caries OBJECTIVES A split-mouth r and omized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a school-based dental sealant ( SBDS ) program for French children from low-income background s. The secondary objectives were to determine the effectiveness of the program according to the baseline individual caries risk ( ICR ) and to assess the sealant retention . METHODS The study included 276 pupils from Nice . The sealing was performed in the first or second grade s. The permanent first molars were r and omized into two groups : one received resin-based sealant and the other no treatment .  Active caries on permanent and temporary teeth , visible plaque , Streptococcus mutans ( SM ) and Lactobacillus counts were recorded at baseline to assess ICR . An intent-to-treat analysis was performed based on the occurrence of new caries at 1 year of follow-up ( study outcome ) . Univariate and multivariable conditional tooth-matched logistic regression analyses ( Proc phreg ; SAS ) were used to assess the effectiveness of the SBDS program . RESULTS At 1 year of follow-up , 253 children ( 421 pairs ) remained in the analysis . In the adjusted analysis , first permanent molars that received sealants were less at risk of developing new caries at 1 year of follow-up compared with those from the control group ( OR = 0.26 , 95 % CI : 0.14 - 0.49 ) . Independently of the treatment , SM count , and all other covariates , only the variable ' active caries at baseline ' remained related to new caries on first molars at 1 year ( OR = 3.11 , 95 % CI : 1.27 - 7.62 ) . The effect of the sealants was significant only when the analyses included subjects with active caries ( OR = 0.25 ; 95 % CI : 0.12 - 0.50 ) or with a high SM count ( > 10(5 ) , OR = 0.20 ; 95 % CI : 0.10 - 0.41 ) at baseline . At the 1-year follow-up , total retention was recorded in 52.7 % ( n = 222 ) of the treated teeth . CONCLUSION The 1-year effectiveness of the SBDS program was demonstrated in low socio-economic areas . Selection of schoolchildren according to individual caries risk factors should be considered in a SBDS program The aims of the present study were to evaluate the retention and caries-preventive effect of a single application of a light-cured resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement ( Vitrebond ) in pits and fissures of newly erupted permanent first and second molars , when compared with a single application of a resin-based sealant ( Concise White Sealant ) during a 3-year period . The study group comprised 73 pairs of contralateral newly erupted permanent first and second molars ( 136 fissure sites ) in 53 children ( 29 girls , 24 boys ) . A split-mouth experimental design was used in which the two sealants were r and omly allocated to one of the teeth within each pair . Acid etching was not used before application of the glass-ionomer cement . The sealed teeth were checked for retention and caries after 1 , 6 , 12 , 24 and 36 months . The resin-based sealant was almost totally retained after 3 years ( 97 % ) and there was no caries in these teeth . The glass-ionomer cement was increasingly lost and could be observed in only 9 % of the sealed sites after 3 years . Carious lesions developed in 10 ( 7.4 % ) sites ( nine teeth , seven children ) . It was concluded that the resin-based sealant is superior to the glass-ionomer cement in preventing caries , and that the superior retention of the resin probably is an important factor for this OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of sealants produced with a high-viscosity glass-ionomer with an elevated powder-liquid ratio ( ART ) , of having energy added to this glass-ionomer , and that of glass-carbomer , in comparison to that of resin composite sealants . METHODS The r and omized controlled trial covered 407 children , with a mean age of 8 years . At a school compound three dentists placed sealants in pits and fissures of high caries-risk children . Evaluation by two independent evaluators was conducted after 0.5 , 1 and 2 years . The Kaplan-Meier survival method , ANOVA and t-test were used in analyzing the data . RESULTS 1352 first permanent molars were sealed . 6.6 % of children and 6.8 % of sealants dropped out within 2 years . 27 re-exposed pits and fissures , 20 in occlusal and 7 in smooth surfaces , in 25 children , developed a dentin carious lesion . The cumulative survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures in the  glass-carbomer sealant group was statistically significantly lower ( 97.4 % ) than those in the high-viscosity glass-ionomer with energy supplied ( 99 % ) and the resin-composite ( 98.9 % ) sealant groups . There was no statistically significant difference in the cumulative survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures , between the high-viscosity glass-ionomer with ( 99 % ) and without ( 98.3 % ) energy supplied sealant groups , after 2 years . SIGNIFICANCE The survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures was high in all sealant types . More dentin carious lesions were observed in the glass-carbomer sealant group The present study compares visible-light Delton with Duraphat fluoride varnish for the prevention of occlusal caries in permanent first molars . A clinical trial was carried out in three groups of 6 - 8-yr-old schoolchildren : a sealant group ( 100 children ) , in which Delton light-polymerized fissure sealant was applied to permanent first molars ; a varnish group ( 98 children ) , in which Duraphat was applied to permanent first molars ; and a control group ( 116 children ) .  Replacement ( sealant ) and reapplication ( varnish ) was carried out every 6 months . Percent effectiveness at 24 months ( percentage of saving from caries taking molars as analysis unit ) for those molars initially healthy and with complete occlusal eruption was analyzed . 272 , 252 and 238 molars met the inclusion criteria in the control , varnish and sealant groups , respectively . Of these , 45.2 % , 28.2 % and 10.5 % developed caries after 24 months . The effectiveness was greater in the sealed molars than in the varnished molars ( 62.7 % ) OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the remineralization activation of the application of three fissure sealants ( FSs ) , alone or with gaseous ozone ( GO ) , on non-cavitated initial caries and evaluate the clinical success of FS . STUDY DESIGN Sixty children who had DIAGNOdent scores between 10 - 30 on bilateral symmetric m and ibular first permanent molars were included in study . In a split-mouth design , teeth were assigned to experimental ( with GO ) and control ( without GO ) groups . GO was applied to teeth on one side and then the same br and of r and omly selected FSs was applied to the teeth on both sides . Children were divided into 3 groups based on type of FS ( Group 1 : Aegis { Bosworth Co , North Hamlin Avenue Skokie , Illinois , USA } , Group 2 : Fuji Triage { GC , Tokyo , Japan } , Group 3 : Helioseal { Ivoclar Vivadent , Liechtenstein , Germany } ) . All FSs were then examined for retention rates at 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months ; at the end of 12 months , all FSs were removed with an air-abrasion device and DIAGNOdent scores noted to compare with the initial values . RESULTS The application of GO with either Fuji Triage or Aegis FS was effective on remineralization ( p<0.05 ) ; however , the application of Helioseal FSs was not effective ( p>0.05 ) . The 1(st ) and 12(th ) months ' full retention rates of Fuji Triage FSs was a significant difference ( p<0.0 
    Output:
    
Resin-based sealants applied on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars are effective for preventing caries in children and adolescents .
Similar benefit was seen at timepoints up to 48 months ; after longer follow-up , the quantity and quality of evidence was reduced .
There was insufficient evidence to judge the effectiveness of glass ionomer sealant or the relative effectiveness of different types of sealants .