***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE Fibromyalgia is a common , chronic pain condition for which patients frequently use complementary and alternative medicine , including Reiki . Our objective was to determine whether Reiki is beneficial as an adjunctive fibromyalgia treatment . DESIGN This was a factorial design ed , r and omized , sham-controlled trial in which participants , data collection staff , and data analysts were blinded to treatment group . SETTING /LOCATION The study setting was private medical offices in the Seattle , Washington metropolitan area . SUBJECTS The subjects were comprised 100 adults with fibromyalgia . INTERVENTION Four ( 4 ) groups received twice-weekly treatment for 8 weeks by either a Reiki master or actor r and omized to use direct touch or no touch ( distant therapy ) . OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was subjective pain as measured by visual analog scale at weeks 4 , 8 , and 20 ( 3 months following end of treatment ) . Secondary outcomes were physical and mental functioning , medication use , and health provider visits . Participant blinding and adverse effects were ascertained by self-report . Improvement between groups was examined in an intention-to-treat analysis . RESULTS Neither Reiki nor touch had any effect on pain or any of the secondary outcomes . All outcome measures were nearly identical among the 4 treatment groups during the course of the trial . CONCLUSION Neither Reiki nor touch improved the symptoms of fibromyalgia . Energy medicine modalities such as Reiki should be rigorously studied before being recommended to patients with chronic pain symptoms OBJECTIVES to investigate if a complementary therapy , Reiki , has any effect on indices of autonomic nervous system function . DESIGN Blind trial . SETTING /LOCATION Quiet room in an out-patient clinic . SUBJECTS Forty-five ( 45 ) subjects assigned at r and om into three groups . INTERVENTIONS Three treatment conditions : no treatment ( rest only ) ; Reiki treatment by experienced Reiki practitioner ; and placebo treatment by a person with no knowledge of Reiki and who mimicked the Reiki treatment . OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative measures of autonomic nervous system function such as heart rate , cardiac vagal tone , blood pressure , cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex , and breathing activity were recorded continuously for each heartbeat . Values during and after the treatment period were compared with baseline data . RESULTS Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the Reiki group compared to both placebo and control groups . CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that Reiki has some effect on the autonomic nervous system . However , this was a pilot study with relatively few subjects and the changes were relatively small . The results justify further , larger studies to look at the biological effects of Reiki treatment CONTEXT Therapeutic Touch ( TT ) is a widely used nursing practice rooted in mysticism but alleged to have a scientific basis . Practitioners of TT cl aim to treat many medical conditions by using their h and s to manipulate a " human energy field " perceptible above the patient 's skin . OBJECTIVE To investigate whether TT practitioners can actually perceive a " human energy field . " DESIGN Twenty-one practitioners with TT experience for from 1 to 27 years were tested under blinded conditions to determine whether they could correctly identify which of their h and s was closest to the investigator 's h and . Placement of the investigator 's h and was determined by flipping a coin .  Fourteen practitioners were tested 10 times each , and 7 practitioners were tested 20 times each . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Practitioners of TT were asked to state whether the investigator 's unseen h and hovered above their right h and or their left h and . To show the validity of TT theory , the practitioners should have been able to locate the investigator 's h and 100 % of the time . A score of 50 % would be expected through chance alone . RESULTS Practitioners of TT identified the correct h and in only 123 ( 44 % ) of 280 trials , which is close to what would be expected for r and om chance . There was no significant correlation between the practitioner 's score and length of experience ( r=0.23 ) . The statistical power of this experiment was sufficient to conclude that if TT practitioners could reliably detect a human energy field , the study would have demonstrated this . CONCLUSIONS Twenty-one experienced TT practitioners were unable to detect the investigator 's " energy field . " Their failure to substantiate TT 's most fundamental cl aim is unrefuted evidence that the cl aims of TT are groundless and that further professional use is unjustified Fatigue is an extremely common side effect experienced during cancer treatment and recovery . Limited research has investigated strategies stemming from complementary and alternative medicine to reduce cancer-related fatigue . This research examined the effects of Reiki , a type of energy touch therapy , on fatigue , pain , anxiety , and overall quality of life . This study was a counterbalanced crossover trial of 2 conditions : ( 1 ) in the Reiki condition , participants received Reiki for 5 consecutive daily sessions , followed by a 1-week washout monitoring period of no treatments , then 2 additional Reiki sessions , and finally 2 weeks of no treatments , and ( 2 ) in the rest condition , participants rested for approximately 1 hour each day for 5 consecutive days , followed by a 1-week washout monitoring period of no scheduled resting and an additional week of no treatments . In both conditions , participants completed question naires investigating cancer-related fatigue ( Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue subscale [ FACT-F ] ) and overall quality of life ( Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy , General Version [ FACT-G ] ) before and after all Reiki or resting sessions . They also completed a visual analog scale ( Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ ESAS ] ) assessing daily tiredness , pain , and anxiety before and after each session of Reiki or rest . Sixteen patients ( 13 women ) participated in the trial : 8 were r and omized to each order of conditions ( Reiki then rest ; rest then Reiki ) . They were screened for fatigue on the ESAS tiredness item , and those scoring greater than 3 on the 0 to 10 scale were eligible for the study . They were diagnosed with a variety of cancers , most commonly colorectal ( 62.5 % ) cancer , and had a median age of 59 years .  Fatigue on the FACT-F decreased within the Reiki condition ( P=.05 ) over the course of all 7 treatments . In addition , participants in the Reiki condition experienced significant improvements in quality of life ( FACT-G ) compared to those in the resting condition ( P < .05 ) . On daily assessment s ( ESAS ) in the Reiki condition , presession 1 versus postsession 5 scores indicated significant decreases in tiredness ( P < .001 ) , pain ( P < .005 ) , and anxiety ( P<.01 ) , which were not seen in the resting condition . Future research should further investigate the impact of Reiki using more highly controlled design s that include a sham Reiki condition and larger sample sizes This pilot r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) examined the clinical effects of 2 complementary ( CAM ) therapies , relaxation response therapy ( RRT ) and Reiki therapy , in men being treated with external beam radiotherapy ( EBRx ) for prostate cancer The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Reiki as an alternative and complementary approach to treating community-dwelling older adults who experience pain , depression , and /or anxiety . Participants ( N = 20 ) were r and omly assigned to either an experimental or wait list control group . The pre- and posttest measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale , Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form , Faces Pain Scale , and heart rate and blood pressure . The research design included an experimental component to examine changes in these measures and a descriptive component ( semi-structured interview ) to elicit information about the experience of having Reiki treatments . Significant differences were observed between the experimental and treatment groups on measures of pain , depression , and anxiety ; no changes in heart rate and blood pressure were noted . Content analysis of treatment notes and interviews revealed five broad categories of responses : Relaxation ; Improved Physical Symptoms , Mood , and Well-Being ; Curiosity and a Desire to Learn More ; Enhanced Self-Care ; and Sensory and Cognitive Responses to Reiki This is a constructive replication of a previous trial conducted by Bowden et al. ( 2010 ) , where students who had received Reiki  demonstrated greater health and mood benefits than those who received no Reiki . The current study examined impact on anxiety/depression .  40 university students — half with high depression and /or anxiety and half with low depression and /or anxiety — were r and omly assigned to receive Reiki  or to a non-Reiki control group . Participants experienced six 30-minute sessions over a period of two to eight weeks , where they were blind to whether noncontact Reiki was administered as their attention was absorbed in a guided relaxation . The efficacy of the intervention was assessed pre-post intervention and at five-week follow-up by self-report measures of mood , illness symptoms , and sleep . The participants with high anxiety and /or depression who received Reiki showed a progressive improvement in overall mood , which was significantly better at five-week follow-up , while no change was seen in the controls . While the Reiki group did not demonstrate the comparatively greater reduction in symptoms of illness seen in our earlier study , the findings of both studies suggest that Reiki may benefit mood PURPOSE / OBJECTIVES To determine whether provision of Reiki therapy during outpatient chemotherapy is associated with increased comfort and well-being . DESIGN Double-blind , r and omized clinical controlled trial . SETTING Outpatient chemotherapy center . SAMPLE 189 participants were r and omized to actual Reiki , sham Reiki placebo , or st and ard care . METHODS Patients receiving chemotherapy were r and omly placed into one of three groups . Patients received either st and ard care , a placebo , or an actual Reiki therapy treatment . A demographic tool and pre- and post-tests were given before and after chemotherapy infusion . MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Reiki therapy , sham Reiki placebo therapy , st and ard care  , and self-reported levels of comfort and well-being pre- and postintervention . FINDINGS Although Reiki therapy was statistically significant in raising the comfort and well-being of patients post-therapy , the sham Reiki placebo also was statistically significant . Patients in the st and ard care group did not experience changes in comfort and well-being during their infusion session . CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the presence of an RN providing one-on-one support during chemotherapy was influential in raising comfort and well-being levels , with or without an attempted healing energy field . IMPLICATION S FOR NURSING An attempt by clinic nurses to provide more design ated one-to-one presence and support for patients while receiving their chemotherapy infusions could increase patient comfort and well-being OBJECTIVES The three objectives of this study were : ( 1 ) to evaluate the effectiveness of Reiki as an adjunctive treatment for patients with subacute stroke who were receiving st and ard rehabilitation as in patients , ( 2 ) to evaluate a double-blinded procedure for training  Reiki practitioners , and ( 3 ) to determine whether or not double-blinded Reiki and sham practitioners could determine which category they were in . DESIGN A modified double-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical trial with an additional historic control condition . SETTING The stroke unit of a major rehabilitation hospital . SUBJECTS Fifty ( 50 ) in patients with subacute ischemic stroke , 31 male and 19 female . INTERVENTIONS There were four conditions : Reiki master , Reiki practitioner , sham Reiki , and no treatment ( historic control ) . Subjects received up to 10 treatments over a 2(1/2)-week period in addition to st and ard rehabilitation . OUTCOME MEASURES Functional independence measure ( FIM ) , and Center for Epidemiologic Studies --Depression ( CES-D ) measure . RESULTS No effects of Reiki were found on the FIM or CES-D , although typical effects as a result of age , gender , and time in rehabilitation were detected . Blinded practitioners ( sham or reiki ) were unable to determine which category they were in . Sham Reiki practitioners reported greater frequency of feeling heat in the h and s compared to Reiki practitioners . There was no reported difference between the sham and the real Reiki practitioners in their ability to feel energy flowing through their h and s. Post hoc analyses suggested that Reiki may have had limited effects on mood and energy levels . CONCLUSION Reiki did not have any clinical ly useful effect on stroke recovery in subacute hospitalized patients receiving st and ard-of-care rehabilitation therapy .  Selective positive effects on mood and energy were not the result of attentional or placebo effects Purpose : The purpose of this r and omized pilot was to determine feasibility of testing Reiki , a complementary therapy intervention , for women undergoing breast biopsy ( BB ) . Background : Increasingly women face the possibility of BB , the definitive test for breast cancer . Psychological distress associated with BB includes anxiety and depression . Reiki was proposed as an intervention to decrease anxiety and promote relaxation . Method : Thirty-two women scheduled for BB were r and omized to Reiki intervention versus conventional care control .  Anxiety and depression were evaluated using self-report question naires . Findings : Analysis found no significant mean differences between groups over time . Comparably low baseline anxiety levels ( possible selection bias ) decreased naturally with time allowing little room for observing treatment effect . Conclusions : Reiki , when administered in the naturalistic setting of a complementary therapy office , did not suggest evidence of efficacy . An intervention offered within the bounds of the conventional care setting may be more feasible for addressing BB distress BACKGROUND Despite the popularity of touch therapies , theoretical underst and ing of the mechanisms of effect is not well developed and there is limited research measuring biological outcomes . AIMS The aim of this study was to test a framework of relaxation or stress reduction as a mechanism of touch therapy . METHO 
    Output:
    
They show no evidence that Reiki is either beneficial or harmful in this population .
There is insufficient evidence to say whether or not Reiki is useful for people over 16 years of age with anxiety or depression or both