***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : We sought to assess whether either a low-cost educational intervention or small monetary incentive is more effective than usual care in lowering  low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol among employees . Methods : Employees with an LDL-C > 130 mg/dL were eligible . After receiving on-line educational material s , subjects were assigned to three groups : group 1 received $ 100 if they reduced their LDL-C by 15 % within 6 months , group 2 participated in a multi-disciplinary educational program , and group 3 received no further intervention . Results : In total , 171 employees participated . Baseline mean LDL-C was 156 mg/dL. Approximately 6 months after r and omization , mean LDL-C was reduced 17.9 mg/dL ( 11.3 % ) in group 1 , 17.9 mg/dL ( 11.5 % ) in group 2 , and 5.5 mg/dL ( 3.5 % ) in group 3 . Reductions in groups 1 and 2 were statistically superior to group 3 ( P = 0.02 ) . Conclusions : Both an employer directed low-cost educational program and small monetary incentives similarly lowered LDL-C compared with usual care Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a worksite vitality intervention on vigorous physical activity ( VPA ) , fruit intake , aerobic capacity , mental health and need for recovery after work among older hospital workers ( ie , 45 years and older ) . Methods The 6-month intervention was evaluated using a r and omised controlled trial design . Workers who were r and omised to the intervention group ( n=367 ; control : n=363 ) received the Vital@Work intervention containing ( 1 ) a Vitality Exercise Program ( VEP ) combined with ( 2 ) three visits to Personal Vitality Coach . The VEP consisted of a weekly yoga session , a weekly workout session and weekly unsupervised aerobic exercising . Free fruit was provided at the VEP . Data on the outcome measures were collected ( ie , year 2009–2010 ) at baseline ( n=730 ) and 6 months of follow-up after baseline ( n=575 ) using question naires , accelerometers and 2 km walk tests . Effects were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle with complete cases ( n=575 ) and imputed data ( n=730 ) using linear regression analyses . Additional analyses were performed for high yoga and workout compliance ( ie , > mean number of sessions ) . Results Effects were found for sports activities ( β=40.4 min/week , 95 % CI 13.0 to 67.7 ) and fruit intake ( β=2.7 pieces/week , 95 % CI 0.07 to 4.7 ) and were stronger for workers with high compliance to yoga ( sport : β=49.6 min/week , 95 % CI 13.9 to 85.2 ; fruit : β=3.8 pieces/week , 95 % CI 1.1 to 6.4 ) and workout sessions ( sport : β=72.9 min/week , 95 % CI 36.1 to 109.8 ; fruit : β=4.0 pieces/week , 95 % CI 1.1 to 6.4 ) . The intervention group lowered their need for recovery , when compared to controls ( β=−3.5 , 95 % CI −6.4 to −0.54 ) , with stronger effects for high workout compliance ( β=−5.3 , 95 % CI −9.3 to −1.3 ) . No effects were found on VPA , aerobic capacity or mental health . Conclusions Implementation of worksite yoga and workout facilities and minimal fruit interventions should be considered by employers to promote transitions into healthier lifestyles and thereby health Objective : To conduct a cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment analysis comparing a worksite vitality intervention with usual care . Methods : A total of 730 older hospital workers were r and omized to the intervention or control group . The 6-month intervention consisted of yoga and aerobic exercising , coaching , and fruit . At baseline , and 6 and 12 months , general vitality , work-related vitality , and need for recovery were determined . Cost data were collected on a 3-monthly basis . The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the societal perspective and the return-on-investment analysis from the employer 's perspective using bootstrapping techniques . Results : No significant differences in costs and effects were observed . Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in terms of general vitality ( range , 0 to 100 ) , work-related vitality ( range , 0 to 6 ) , and need for recovery ( range , 0 to 100 ) were , respectively , & OV0556;280 , & OV0556;7506 , and & OV0556;258 per point improvement . Per euro invested , & OV0556;2.21 was lost . Conclusions : The intervention was neither cost-effective nor cost-saving OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of 2 worksite health-promotion interventions ( compared with a health-education control ) on older workers '  healthy behaviors and health outcomes . METHODS We conducted a prospect i ve , r and omized controlled trial with 423 participants aged 40 years and older . Participants were categorized into 3 study arms : the COACH intervention combined Web-based risk assessment s with personal coaching support , the RealAge intervention used a Web-based risk assessment and behavior-specific modules , and a control group received printed health-promotion material s. Participants were assessed at baseline , 6 months , and 12 months . R and om-effects modeling controlled for baseline stage of change for all behaviors of interest in all groups . RESULTS At 6 and 12 months , COACH participants showed significantly increased fruit and vegetable consumption ( P = .026 ; P < .001 ) and participation in physical activity ( P = .05 ; P = .013 ) , and at 12 months they showed decreased percentage of energy from fat ( P = .027 ) . RealAge participants showed significantly decreased waist circumference at 6 and 12 months ( P = .05 ; P = .018 ) . CONCLUSIONS COACH participants were twice as likely to use the COACH intervention as RealAge participants were to use the RealAge intervention . COACH participants experienced twice the number of positive outcomes that control participants experienced OBJECTIVES A worksite lifestyle intervention aim ing to improve lifestyle behaviors could be an effective tool to keep older workers vital , and thereby prolong their labor participation . Therefore , this study evaluates the effectiveness of such an intervention on vitality , work engagement , productivity and sick leave . METHODS In a r and omized controlled trial design , 367 workers ( control group : N=363 ) received a 6-month intervention  , which included two weekly guided group sessions : one yoga and one workout , as well as one weekly session of aerobic exercising , without face-to-face instruction , and three individual coach visits aim ed at changing workers ' lifestyle behavior by goal setting , feedback , and problem-solving strategies . Furthermore , free fruit was provided at the guided sessions . Data on work-related vitality ( UWES vitality scale ) , general vitality ( R AND -36 vitality scale ) , work engagement ( UWES ) , productivity ( single item scoring 0 - 10 ) , and sick leave ( yes/no past 3 months ) were collected using question naires at baseline ( N=730 ) , and at 6- ( N=575 ) and 12-months ( N=500 ) follow-up . Effects were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle with complete cases ( N=500 ) and imputed data ( N=730 ) . RESULTS There were no significant differences in vitality , work engagement , productivity , and sick leave between the intervention and  control group workers after either 6- and 12-months follow-up . Yoga and workout subgroup analyses showed a 12-month favorable effect on work-related vitality [ β=0.14 , 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) 0.04 - 0.28 ] and general vitality ( β=2.9 , 95 % CI 0.02 - 5.9 ) among high yoga compliers . For high workout compliers , this positive trend was also seen , but it was not statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS Implementation of worksite yoga facilities could be a useful strategy to promote vitality-related work outcomes , but only if high compliance can be maximized . Therefore , impeding factors for participation should be investigated in more detail in future research Aims : To evaluate an occupational health intervention programme for workers at risk for early retirement . Methods : Between April 1997 and May 1998 , 116 employees of a large company who were older than 50 years indicated that they would not be able to work up to their retirement . They were r and omly assigned to an intervention ( n = 61 ) or control group ( n = 55 ) . The intervention programme lasted six months and was executed by an occupational physician . Job position and number of sick leave days after two years were collected from the company ’s computer data base . A question naire was sent to the employees at baseline , after six months , and after two years ; it included the Work Ability Index , the Utrecht Burn Out Scale , and the Nottingham Health Profile measuring quality of life . Results : Fewer employees ( 11 % ) in the intervention group retired early than in the control group ( 28 % ) . The total average number of sick leave days in two years was 82.3 for the intervention group and 107.8 for the control group . Six months after baseline , employees in the intervention group had better work ability , less burnout , and better quality of life than employees in the control group . Two years after r and omisation no differences between the two groups were found . Conclusions : This occupational health intervention programme proved to be a promising intervention in the prevention of early retirement BACKGROUND Menopause related symptoms modify quality of life and may also have an impact on work ability . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on work ability and daily strain among women with menopausal symptoms . METHODS Occupationally active symptomatic menopausal women ( n=123 ) were r and omized into 24-week aerobic exercise intervention and control groups . Mobile phone question naires were used to collect daily data on perceived physical and mental strain in a r and omised and controlled setting . Work ability was measured with the Work Ability Index ( WAI ) and with questions about work strain . PARTICIPANTS In all 123 women aged 44 - 62 ( mean age 53.8 ± 3.4 ) years who worked full- or part-time participated in the study . Women were r and omized into a control ( n=60 ) and intervention group ( n=63 ) . The subjects were mostly working in mentally dem and ing jobs ( e.g. , office worker ) , but also in physical ( e.g. , cleaner ) and mixed ( physical and mental ) jobs ( e.g. , nurse ) . RESULTS The increase in mental re sources and decrease in physical strain from baseline to end were statistically significantly greater among the intervention group than among the control group . Between-group differences in the change in WAI were , however , statistically non-significant . CONCLUSION A 6-month physical exercise intervention among symptomatic menopausal women seems not to be enough to increase perceived work ability  but the physical exercise may increase perceived mental re sources and decrease perceived daily physical strain . This study evaluates the effects of the American Heart Association ’s Heart At Work program  on cardiovascular disease risk factor awareness , self-efficacy , and health behaviors . A prospect i ve , quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the impact of the program at two factory sites ( one intervention and one control ) . A total of 633 employees participated . Intervention site respondents significantly improved their knowledge of blood pressure management , the relationship between nutrition and cardiovascular disease , and heart attack risk factors . They also were more likely to begin treatment for hypertension , to report fewer sick days , and to have plans to improve their diet and lose weight . These findings suggest that the Heart At Work program had a favorable overall impact PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a Tai Chi workplace wellness program as a cost effective way of improving physical and mental health , reducing work related stress , and improving work productivity among older nurses in a hospital setting Design A r and omized control trial of two groups ( control and Tai Chi group ) . DESIGN A r and omized control trial of two groups ( control and Tai Chi group ) . SETTING S Northeastern academic medical center . SUBJECTS A convenience sample of eleven female nurses ( mean age 54.4 years ) . INTERVENTION The  Tai Chi group ( n = 6 ) was asked to attend Tai Chi classes once a week offered at their worksite and to practice on their own for 10 minutes each day at least 4 days per week for 15 weeks . Controls ( n = 5 ) received no intervention . MEASURES SF-36 Health Survey , Nursing Stress Scale ( NSS ) , Perceived Stress Scale ( PSS ) , Sit- and -Reach test , Functional Reach test , the Work Limitations Question naire , workplace injury and unscheduled time off . ANALYSIS The two study groups were compared descriptively and changes across time in the intervention versus control were compared . RESULTS The Tai Chi group took no unscheduled time-off hours , whereas , the control group was absent 49 hours during the study period . There was also a 3 % increase in work productivity and significant improvement in functional reach ( p=0.03 ) compared to the control group . Other outcomes were not statistically significant . CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of Tai Chi with older female workers as a cost effective wellness option 
    Output:
    
Current evidence fails to show that WHP  programs improve the work ability , productivity or job retention of older workers .
In addition , there is limited evidence that WHP programs are effective in improving lifestyles and concur to maintain the health and well-being of older workers .