***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Eligible smokers ( N = 6,451 ) visiting the American Cancer Society 's Internet site offering cessation assistance were , with informed consent , r and omized to receive access either to a static Internet site with quitting advice or to one of five interactive sites provided by cooperating research partners . Three-month follow-up surveys were conducted via online survey with E-mail prompts , or telephone calls , to assess quitting success ; 54 % of participants provided follow-up data . Results showed no significant overall difference in cessation rates among participants assigned to the interactive or static sites . We found large differences in the utilization of the five interactive sites . When sites were grouped by level of use , a significantly higher reported 3-month cessation rate was observed among participants assigned to the more highly utilized sites than among those assigned to the less utilized sites ( 12.2 % vs. 10.2 % of all r and omized participants , 26.0 % vs. 22.1 % of followed participants ) . These findings show that interactive Internet sites yielding high levels of utilization can increase quitting success among smokers seeking assistance via the Internet Background Web-based and mobile health interventions ( also called “ Internet interventions ” or " eHealth/mHealth interventions ") are tools or treatments , typically behaviorally based , that are operationalized and transformed for delivery via the Internet or mobile platforms . These include electronic tools for patients , informal caregivers , healthy consumers , and health care providers . The Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) statement was developed to improve the suboptimal reporting of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . While the CONSORT statement can be applied to provide broad guidance on how eHealth and mHealth trials should be reported , RCTs of web-based interventions pose very specific issues and challenges , in particular related to reporting sufficient details of the intervention to allow replication and theory-building . Objective To develop a checklist , dubbed CONSORT-EHEALTH ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile HEalth Applications and onLine TeleHealth ) , as an extension of the CONSORT statement that provides guidance for authors of eHealth and mHealth interventions . Methods A literature review was conducted , followed by a survey among eHealth experts and a workshop . Results A checklist instrument was constructed as an extension of the CONSORT statement . The instrument has been adopted by the Journal of Medical Internet Research ( JMIR ) and authors of eHealth RCTs are required to su bmi t an electronic checklist explaining how they addressed each subitem . Conclusions CONSORT-EHEALTH has the potential to improve reporting and provides a basis for evaluating the validity and applicability of eHealth trials . Subitems describing how the intervention should be reported can also be used for non- RCT evaluation reports . As part of the development process , an evaluation component is essential ; therefore , feedback from authors will be solicited , and a before-after study will evaluate whether reporting has been improved Background Studies suggest that tailored material s are superior to nontailored material s in supporting health behavioral change . Several trials on tailored Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation have shown good effects . There have , however , been few attempts to isolate the effect of the tailoring component of an Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation and to compare it with the effectiveness of the other components . Objective The study aim was to isolate the effect of tailored emails in an Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation by comparing two versions of the intervention , with and without tailored content . Methods We conducted a two-arm , r and omized controlled trial of the open and free Norwegian 12-month follow-up , fully automated Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation , slutta.no . We collected information online on demographics , smoking , self-efficacy , use of the website , and participant evaluation at enrollment and subsequently at 1 , 3 , and 12 months . Altogether , 2298 self-selected participants aged 16 years or older registered at the website between August 15 , 2006 and December 7 , 2007 and were r and omly assigned to either a multicomponent , nontailored Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation ( control ) or a version of the same Internet-based intervention with tailored content delivered on the website and via email . Results Of the r and omly assigned participants , 116 ( of 419 , response rate = 27.7 % ) in the intervention group and 128 ( of 428 , response rate = 29.9 % ) in the control group had participated over the 12 months and responded at the end of follow-up . The 7-day intention-to-treat abstinence rate at 1 month was 15.2 % ( 149/982 ) among those receiving the tailored intervention , compared with 9.4 % ( 94/999 ) among those who received the nontailored intervention ( P < .001 ) . The corresponding figures at 3 months were 13.5 % ( 122/902 ) and 9.4 % ( 84/896 , P = .006 ) and at 12 months were 11.2 % ( 47/419 ) and 11.7 % ( 50/428 , P = .91 ) . Likewise , the intervention group had higher self-efficacy and perceived tailoring at 1 and 3 months . Self-efficacy was found to partially mediate the effect of the intervention . Conclusion Tailoring an Internet-based intervention for smoking cessation seems to increase the success rates in the short term , but not in the long term Background Although many smokers seek Internet-based cessation assistance , few studies have experimentally evaluated long-term cessation rates among cigarette smokers who receive Internet assistance in quitting . Objective The purpose of this study is to describe long-term smoking cessation rates associated with 6 different  Internet-based cessation services  and the variation among them , to test the hypothesis that interactive and tailored Internet services yield higher long-term quit rates than more static Web-posted assistance , and to explore the possible effects of level of site utilization and a self-reported indicator of depression on long-term cessation rates . Method In 2004 - 05 , a link was placed on the American Cancer Society ( ACS ) website for smokers who wanted help in quitting via the Internet . The link led smokers to the QuitLink study website , where they could answer eligibility questions , provide informed consent , and complete the baseline survey . Enrolled participants were r and omly assigned to receive emailed access to one of five tailored interactive sites provided by cooperating research partners or to a targeted , minimally interactive ACS site with text , photographs , and graphics providing stage-based quitting advice and peer modeling . Results 6451 of the visitors met eligibility requirements and completed consent procedures and the baseline survey . All of these smokers were r and omly assigned to one of the six experimental groups . Follow-up surveys done online and via telephone interviews at approximately 13 months after r and omization yielded 2468 respondents ( 38 % ) and found no significant overall quit rate differences among those assigned to the different websites ( P = .15 ) . At baseline , 1961 participants ( 30 % ) reported an indicator of depression . Post hoc analyses found that this group had significantly lower 13-month quit rates than those who did not report the indicator ( all enrolled , 8 % vs 12 % , P < .001 ; followed only , 25 % vs 31 % , P = .003 ) . When the 4490 participants ( 70 % ) who did not report an indicator of depression at baseline were separated for analysis , the more interactive , tailored sites , as a whole , were associated with higher quitting rates than the less interactive ACS site : 13 % vs 10 % ( P = .04 ) among 4490 enrolled and 32 % vs 26 % ( P = .06 ) among 1798 followed . Conclusions These findings show that Internet assistance is attractive and potentially cost-effective and suggest that tailored , interactive websites may help cigarette smokers who do not report an indicator of depression at baseline to quit and maintain cessation Background Web-based computer-tailored approaches have the potential to be successful in supporting smoking cessation . However , the potential effects of such approaches for relapse prevention and the value of incorporating action planning strategies to effectively prevent smoking relapse have not been fully explored . The Stay Quit for You ( SQ4U ) study compared two Web-based computer-tailored smoking relapse  prevention programs with different types of planning strategies versus a control group . Objectives To assess the efficacy of two Web-based computer-tailored programs in preventing smoking relapse compared with a control group . The action planning ( AP ) program provided tailored feedback at baseline and invited respondents to do 6 preparatory and coping planning assignments ( the first 3 assignments prior to quit date and the final 3 assignments after quit date ) . The action planning plus ( AP+ ) program was an extended version of the AP program that also provided tailored feedback at 11 time points after the quit attempt . Respondents in the control group only filled out question naires . The study also assessed possible dose – response relationships between abstinence and adherence to the programs . Methods The study was a r and omized controlled trial with three conditions : the control group , the AP program , and the AP+ program .  Respondents were daily smokers ( N = 2031 ) , aged 18 to 65 years , who were motivated and willing to quit smoking within 1 month . The primary outcome was self-reported continued abstinence 12 months after baseline . Logistic regression analyses were conducted using three sample s : ( 1 ) all respondents as r and omly assigned , ( 2 ) a modified sample that excluded respondents who did not make a quit attempt in conformance with the program protocol , and ( 3 ) a minimum dose sample that also excluded respondents who did not adhere to at least one of the intervention elements . Observed case analyses and conservative analyses were conducted . Results In the observed case analysis of the r and omized sample , abstinence rates were 22 % ( 45/202 ) in the control group versus 33 % ( 63/190 ) in the AP program and 31 % ( 53/174 ) in the AP+ program . The AP program ( odds ratio 1.95 , P = .005 ) and the AP+ program ( odds ratio 1.61 , P = .049 ) were significantly more effective than the control condition . Abstinence rates and effects differed per sample . Finally , the results suggest a dose – response relationship between abstinence and the number of program elements completed by the respondents . Conclusion Despite the differences in results caused by the variation in our analysis approaches , we can conclude that Web-based computer-tailored programs combined with planning strategy assignments and feedback after the quit attempt can be effective in preventing relapse 12 months after baseline . However , adherence to the intervention seems critical for effectiveness . Finally , our results also suggest that more research is needed to assess the optimum intervention dose . Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register : NTR1892 ; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/ rct view.asp?TC=1892 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/693S6uuPM Background  Online computer-tailored smoking cessation programs  have not yet been compared directly . Objective To compare the efficacy of two Internet-based , computer-tailored smoking cessation programs . Methods R and omized controlled trial conducted in 2003 - 2004 . Visitors to a smoking cessation website were r and omly assigned to either an original online , interactive smoking cessation program or to a modified program . Both programs consisted of tailored , personalized counseling letters based on participants ' characteristics , followed by monthly email reminders . The original program was based on psychological and addiction theory , and on preliminary research conducted in the same population . The modified program was shorter and contained more information on nicotine replacement therapy and nicotine dependence , and less information on health risks and coping strategies . In both programs , 1 month and 2 months after entering the study , participants were invited by email to answer the same tailoring question naire again in order to receive a second counseling letter . Participants in both programs obtained , on average , 1.2 feedback counseling letters over 2.5 months , and 84 % received only 1 feedback letter . The outcome was self-reported smoking abstinence ( no puff of tobacco in the previous 7 days ) , assessed 2.5 months after entry in the program . We report results from intention-to-treat ( ITT ) analyses , where all non-respondents at follow-up were counted as smokers . Results The baseline question naire was answered by a total of 11969 current ( 74 % ) and former ( 26 % ) smokers , and the follow-up survey by 4237 people ( 35 % ) . In an ITT analysis , abstinence rates in baseline current smokers were respectively 10.9 % and 8.9 % ( odds ratio [OR]=1.24 , 95 % confidence interval [CI]1.08 - 1.43 , P=.003 ) in the original and modified programs , and 25.2 % and 15.7 % ( OR=1.81 , CI 1.51 - 2.16 , P<.001 ) in baseline former smokers . While we found statistically significant differences in quit rates in smokers in the contemplation stage favoring the original program ( OR=1.54 , CI 1.18 - 2.02 , P=.002 ) , no between-group differences in quit rates were observed in smokers in the precontemplation ( OR=1.07 , CI 0.36 - 3.14 , P=.91 ) and preparation ( OR=1.15 , CI 0.97 - 1.37 , P=.10 ) stages of change . Conclusions In smokers in the contemplation stage of change and in former smokers , the original program produced higher smoking abstinence rates than the modified program OBJECT 
    Output:
    
CONCLUSION Internet interventions are superior to other broad reach cessation interventions ( ie , print material s ) , equivalent to other currently recommended treatment modes ( telephone and in-person counseling ) , and they have an important role to play in the arsenal of tobacco-dependence treatments