***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Makhlouf , I , Castagna , C , Manzi , V , Laurencelle , L , Behm , DG , and Chaouachi , A. Effect of sequencing strength and endurance training in young male soccer players . J Strength Cond Res 30(3 ) : 841–850 , 2016—This study examined the effects of strength and endurance training sequence ( strength before or after endurance ) on relevant fitness variables in youth soccer players . Fifty-seven young elite-level male field soccer players ( 13.7 ± 0.5 years ; 164 ± 8.3 cm ; 53.5 ± 8.6 kg ; body fat ; 15.6 ± 3.9 % ) were r and omly assigned to a control ( n = 14 , CG ) and 3 experimental training groups ( twice a week for 12 weeks ) strength before ( SE , n = 15 ) , after ( ES , n = 14 ) or on alternate days ( ASE , n = 14 ) with endurance training . A significant ( p = 0.001 ) intervention main effect was detected . There were only trivial training sequence differences ( ES vs. SE ) for all variables ( p > 0.05 ) . The CG showed large squat 1 repetition maximum ( 1RM ) and medium sprint , change of direction ability , and jump improvements . ASE demonstrated a trivial difference in endurance performance with ES and SE ( p > 0.05 ) . Large to medium greater improvements for SE and ES were reported compared with ASE for sprinting over 10 and 30 m ( p < 0.02 ) . The SE squat 1RM was higher than in ASE ( moderate , p < 0.02 ) . Postintervention differences between ES and SE with CG fitness variables were small to medium ( p ⩽ 0.05 ) except for a large SE advantage with the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test ( p < 0.001 , large ) . This study showed no effect of intrasession training sequence on soccer fitness-relevant variables . However , combining strength and endurance within a single training session provided superior results vs. training on alternate days . Concurrent training may be considered as an effective and safe training method for the development of the prospect i ve soccer player This study investigated the effects of different intra-session exercise sequences in the cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training  in elderly . Twenty-six healthy elderly men ( 64.7±4.1years ) , were r and omly placed into two concurrent training groups : strength training prior to ( SE , n=13 ) or after ( ES , n=13 ) endurance training . Subjects trained strength and endurance training 3 times per week performing both exercise types in the same training session .  The peak oxygen uptake ( VO(2peak ) ) , maximum aerobic workload ( W(máx ) ) , absolute ( VT(1 ) and VT(2 ) ) and relative ( VT(1)% and VT(2)% ) ventilatory thresholds , as well as workloads at VT(1 ) and VT(2 ) ( W(VT1 ) and W(VT2 ) ) were evaluated during a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer before and after the training . In addition , muscle quality ( MQ ) was evaluated by the quotient between maximal dynamic strength ( one repetition maximum test ) of the knee extensors and the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness determined by ultrasonography . There were no modifications after training in the VT(1 ) , VT(2 ) , VT(1)% , and VT(2)% . There was significant increase in the W(VT1 ) only in SE ( P<0.05 ) , as well as significant increase in the W(VT2 ) in both groups ( P<0.001 ) . There was significant increase in the VO(2peak ) , with both groups showing increases ( P<0.001 ) , with no difference between groups ; as well significant increase in the W(máx ) ( P<0.001 ) with no difference between SE and ES . The force per unit of muscle mass of knee extensors increased in both groups ( P<0.001 ) , but the increase was significantly higher in SE than in ES ( 27.5±12.7 vs. 15.2±10.3 % , P<0.02 ) . Hence , the intra-session exercise sequence had no influence in the maximal endurance power adaptations to concurrent training , but had influence in the magnitude of the muscle quality enhancements OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a 21-week concurrent strength and endurance training protocol on physical fitness profile in women with early or longst and ing rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) compared with healthy subjects . METHODS Twenty-three female patients with RA volunteered for the study . Twelve had early RA and eleven had longst and ing RA . Twelve healthy women served as controls . Maximal strength of different muscle groups was measured by  dynamometers  , walking speed with light cells  , and  vertical squat jump  on the force platform to mirror explosive force . Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by gas analyzer . Six training sessions ( 3 strength training and 3 endurance training ) were carried out in a 2-week period for 21 weeks . RESULTS The training led to large gains in maximal strength both in women with RA and in healthy women ( P < 0.043 - 0.001 ) . The strength gains were accompanied by increases in walking speed ( P < 0.034 - 0.001 ) and vertical squat jump ( P < 0.034 - 0.001 ) . Significant improvements also occurred in maximal aerobic capacity in all groups ( P < 0.023 - 0.014 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both early and longst and ing RA patients with stable disease can safely improve all characteristics of their physical fitness profile using a progressive concurrent strength and endurance training protocol This study investigated the effects of different exercise sequences on the neuromuscular adaptations induced by water-based concurrent training in postmenopausal women . Twenty-one healthy postmenopausal women ( 57.14 ± 2.43 years ) were r and omly placed into two water-based concurrent training groups : resistance training prior to ( RA , n = 10 ) or after ( AR , n = 11 ) aerobic training . Subjects performed resistance and aerobic training twice a week over 12 weeks , performing both exercise types in the same training session . Upper ( elbow flexors ) and lower-body ( knee extensors ) one-repetition maximal test ( 1RM ) and peak torque ( PT ) ( knee extensors ) were evaluated . The muscle thickness ( MT ) of upper ( biceps brachii ) and lower-body ( vastus lateralis ) was determined by ultrasonography . Moreover , the maximal and submaximal ( neuromuscular economy ) electromyographic activity ( EMG ) of lower-body ( vastus lateralis and rectus femoris ) was measured . Both RA and AR groups increased the upper- and lower-body 1RM and PT , while the lower-body 1RM increases observed in the RA was greater than AR ( 34.62 ± 13.51 vs. 14.16 ± 13.68 % ) . RA and AR showed similar MT increases in upper- and lower-body muscles evaluated . In addition , significant improvements in the maximal and submaximal EMG of lower-body muscles in both RA and AR were found , with no differences between groups . Both exercise sequences in water-based concurrent training presented relevant improvements to promote health and physical fitness in postmenopausal women . However , the exercise sequence resistance – aerobic optimizes the strength gains in lower limbs Abstract Tan , JG , Coburn , JW , Brown , LE , and Judelson , DA . Effects of a single bout of lower-body aerobic exercise on muscle activation and performance during subsequent lower- and upper-body resistance exercise workouts . J Strength Cond Res 28(5 ) : 1235–1240 , 2014—A single bout of lower-body aerobic exercise may negatively affect a subsequent lower-body resistance exercise workout . However , less is known regarding the effects of a lower-body aerobic workout on muscle activation and performance during a subsequent upper-body resistance exercise workout . Therefore , the purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation and performance during lower- and upper-body resistance exercise workouts after a single bout of lower-body aerobic exercise on an elliptical machine .  Fourteen men ( mean age = 24.1 ± 2.3 years , height = 180.8 ± 6.9 cm , body mass = 91.9 ± 16.4 kg ) completed 4 trials in r and om order . Two trials consisted of 30 minutes on the elliptical machine , using the lower body only , at 70 % of age-predicted maximum heart rate before either a back squat or bench press workout , consisting of 3 sets to failure performed at 75 % 1 repetition maximum . The other 2 trials consisted of only the back squat or bench press resistance workouts . To quantify muscle activation , bipolar surface electromyography electrodes were placed on the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis or pectoralis major . Acute lower-body aerobic exercise on an elliptical machine significantly reduced the number of repetitions completed for the back squat but not the bench press exercise . There was no significant difference in muscle activation between the elliptical and no elliptical conditions . However , for both exercises and conditions , muscle activation increased significantly between the first and final repetitions for the first 2 sets but not for the third set . These results suggest that to optimize the quality of a lower-body resistance-training workout , the workout should not be preceded by lower-body aerobic exercise The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological effects of a programmed accommodating circuit exercise ( PACE ) program consisting of aerobic exercise and hydraulic-resistance exercise ( HRE ) on fitness in older adults . Thirty-five volunteers were r and omly divided into two groups  [ PACE group ( PG ) 8 men and 10 women , 68.3 ( 4.9 ) years , and non-exercise control group ( CG ) 7 men and 10 women , 68.0 ( 3.4 ) years ) . The PG participated in a 12-week , 3 days per week supervised program consisting of 10 min warm-up and 30 min of PACE ( moderate intensity HRE and aerobic movements at 70 % of peak heart rate ) followed by 10 min cool-down exercise . PACE increased ( P<0.05 ) oxygen uptake ( V̇O2 ) at lactate threshold [ PG , pre 0.79 ( 0.20 ) l min−1 , post 1.02 ( 0.22 ) l min−1 , 29 % ; CG , pre 0.87 ( 0.14 ) l min−1 , post 0.85 ( 0.15 ) l min−1 , −2 % ] and at peak V̇O2 [ PG , pre 1.36 ( 0.24 ) l min−1 , post 1.56 ( 0.28 ) l min−1 , 15 % ; CG , pre 1.32 ( 0.29 ) l min−1 , post 1.37 ( 0.37 ) l min−1 , 4 % ] in PG measured using an incremental cycle ergometer . Muscular strength evaluated by a HRE machine increased at low to high resistance dial setting s for knee extension ( 9–52 % ) , knee flexion ( 14–76 % ) , back extension ( 18–92 % ) and flexion ( 50–70 % ) , chest pull ( 6–28 % ) and press ( 3–17 % ) , shoulder press ( 18–31 % ) and pull ( 26–85 % ) , and leg press ( 21 % ) . Body fat ( sum of three skinfolds ) decreased ( 16 % ) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDLC ) increased ( 10.9 mg dl−1 ) for PG . There were no changes in any variables for CG . These results indicate that PACE training incorporating aerobic exercise and HRE elicits significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness , muscular strength , body composition , and HDLC for older adults . Therefore , PACE training is an effective well-rounded exercise program that can be utilized as a means to improve health-related components of fitness in older adults Concurrent training is an effective method for increasing skeletal muscle performance in aging individuals , but controversy exists as to whether chronic neuromuscular and functional adaptations are affected by the intra-session exercise sequence . Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concurrent endurance and power-like strength training exercise sequence on muscular and functional adaptations of older participants . Thirty-six healthy older men not engaged in systematic exercise training programs for at least 6 months were divided into a control group ( CON ; 65.8±5.3 years ) , or in the training  groups : endurance-strength ( ES ; 63.2±3.3 years ) , or strength-endurance ( SE ; 67.1±6.1 years ) . Training groups underwent 12 weeks of concurrent endurance and power-like strength training , starting every exercise session with either endurance ( in ES ) or strength ( in SE ) exercises . Measurements included knee extension one repetition maximum ( 1RM ) , knee extension power , 30 second sit-to-st and test ( 30SS ) , maximum vastus lateralis surface electromyographic activity , and rectus femoris echo intensity ( RFEI ) . Significant increases in maximal strength ( ES + 18±11.3 % ; SE + 14.2±6.0 % ; p≤0.05 ) , peak power ( ES + 22.2±19.4 % ; SE + 26.3±31.3 % ; p≤0.05 ) , and 30SS performance ( ES + 15.2±7.2 % ; SE + 13.2±11.8 % ; p≤0.05 ) were observed only in the training groups , with no differences between ES and SE . Maximum 
    Output:
    
Sequencing strength training prior to endurance in concurrent training appears to be beneficial for lower body strength adaptations , while the improvement of aerobic capacity is not affected by training order