***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Using regulatory focus theory , an intervention of daily weight loss-sustaining messages was developed and tested for acceptability , feasibility , and efficacy on helping people sustain weight loss .  METHODS Participants ( n = 120 ) were r and omized to a promotion , prevention , or an attention-control text message group  after completion of a weight loss program .  Participants completed baseline assessment s , and reported their weight at 1 and 3 months postbaseline . RESULTS Participants found the message content and intervention acceptable and valuable . A minimum of one message per day delivered at approximately 8:00 am was deemed the optimal delivery time and frequency . The sustained weight loss rate at month 3 for the control , promotion , and prevention groups was 90 % , 95 % , and 100 % , respectively . Medium-to-large effects were observed for the promotion and prevention groups at month 1 and for prevention at month 3 relative to controls . The mean weight loss for promotion and prevention was 15 pounds , compared with 10 in the controls at month 3 . CONCLUSION A clinical ly significant decrease in mean weight , higher rate of sustained weight loss , and medium-to-large effects on sustained weight loss occurred in the promotion and prevention interventions . Tools such as this text message-based intervention that are constructed and guided by evidence -based content and theoretical constructs show promise in helping people sustain healthy behaviors that can lead to improved health outcomes PURPOSE The present study evaluated whether an intervention using a short message service ( SMS ) by personal cellular phone and Internet would reduce cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity over 12 weeks . METHODS This is a quasi-experimental design with pre and post tests . Participants were recruited from the gynecology outpatient and family medicine departments of a tertiary care hospital located in an urban city of South Korea . Only 67 subjects completed the entire study , 34 in the intervention group and 33 controls . The goal of intervention was to reduce waist circumference ( WC ) , body weight ( BW ) and blood pressure ( BP ) levels . Before the intervention , demographic variables , WC , BW , BP , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) and serum lipids were measured as pre-test data . The WC , BW , BP , FPG and serum lipids were measured again 12 weeks later . Patients in the intervention group were requested to record their WC , BW , BP , type and amount of diet and exercise  in a weekly web-based diary through the Internet or by cellular phone . The research ers sent weekly recommendations on diet and exercise as an intervention to each patient , by both cellular phone and Internet . The intervention was applied for 12 weeks . RESULTS WC and BW significantly decreased by 3.0 cm and 2.0 kg , respectively , at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the intervention group . However , the mean changes in the control group significantly increased by 0.9 cm and 0.7 kg . Systolic BP ( SBP ) and diastolic BP ( DBP ) significantly decreased by 6.5 and 4.6 mmHg in the intervention group , respectively . The mean changes in the control group were not significant in either SBP or DBP . A significant mean decrease in total cholesterol ( TC ) was observed for the intervention group by 12.9 mg/dl , while the control group showed a significant mean increase by 1.5mg/dl . Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) for the intervention group showed a significant mean decrease 11.3mg/dl . The mean change in the control group was , however , not significant . CONCLUSION Web-based individual intervention using both SMS and Internet improved WC , BW , BP , TC , and LDL-C during 12 weeks in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity AIM To investigate the effectiveness of a nurse short message service ( SMS ) by cellular phone and wire Internet on plasma glucose levels in people with diabetes for six months . BACKGROUND Blood glucose management system using telemedicine approaches may maintain the appropriate blood glucose levels in type-2 diabetic patients . DESIGN A control group pre-test-post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of nurse 's education . METHODS Twenty-five patients were r and omly assigned to an intervention group and 26 to a control group . The intervention was applied for six months . The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range . Participants were requested to input their  blood glucose level , diet and exercise diary everyday in the website by cellular phone or wire Internet . The research er sends optimal recommendations to each patient using SMS by cellular phone and wire Internet weekly . RESULTS Glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA(1)c ) decreased 1.15 % points at three months and 1.05 % points at six months compared with baseline in the intervention group . Patients in the intervention group had a decrease of two hours post meal glucose ( 2HPMG ) of 85.1 mg/dl at three months and 63.1 mg/dl at six months compared with baseline . CONCLUSION This web-based intervention using SMS of cellular phone improved HbA(1)c and 2HPMG for six months in type-2 diabetic patients . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE An SMS of cellular phone intervention by a nurse can reduce HbA(1)c and 2HPMG for six months in type-2 diabetic patients Background . The established interventions for weight loss are re source intensive which can create barriers for full participation and ultimate translation . The major goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility , acceptability , and preliminary efficacy of theoretically based behavioral interventions delivered by smartphone technology . Methods . The study r and omized 68 obese adults to receive one of four interventions for six months : ( 1 ) intensive counseling intervention , ( 2 ) intensive counseling plus smartphone intervention , ( 3 ) a less intensive counseling plus smartphone intervention , and ( 4 ) smartphone intervention only . The outcome measures of weight , BMI , waist circumference , and self-reported dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at baseline and six months . Results . The sample was 78 % female and 49 % African American , with an average age of 45 years , and average BMI of 34.3 kg/m2 . There were trends for differences in weight loss among the four intervention groups . Participants in the intensive counseling plus self-monitoring smartphone group and less intensive counseling plus self-monitoring smartphone group tended to lose more weight than other groups ( 5.4 kg and 3.3 kg , resp . ) . Conclusions . The results of this pilot trial of a weight loss intervention provide preliminary support for using a smartphone application for self-monitoring as an adjunct to behavioral counseling OBJECTIVE Investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that used both the cellular phone with a short messaging service ( SMS ) and the Internet on the glycemic control of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . METHODS Twenty-five patients were r and omly assigned to an  intervention  group and twenty-six to a  control group . The intervention was applied for 12 months . The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range ( HbA(1)c<7 % ) . Patients in the intervention group were asked to access a website by using a cellular phone or to wiring the Internet and input their blood glucose levels weekly . Participants were sent the optimal recommendations by both cellular phone and the Internet weekly . RESULTS Participants in the intervention group had lower HbA(1)c over 12 months when compared with the control group . At 12 months the change from baseline in HbA(1)c was -1.32 in the intervention group versus + 0.81 in the control group . Two hours post-meal glucose ( 2HPMG ) had a significantly greater decline in the intervention group after 12 months when compared with the control group ( -100.0 versus + 18.1mg/dl ) . CONCLUSION This educational intervention using the Internet and a SMS by cellular phone rapidly improved and stably maintained the glycemic control of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus PURPOSE The present study evaluated whether an intervention using a short message service ( SMS ) by cellular phone and Internet would improve blood pressure , weight control , and serum lipids of obese patients with hypertension during 8 weeks . METHODS This is a quasi-experimental design with pre- and follow-up tests . Participants were recruited from the family medicine outpatient department of tertiary care hospital located in an urban city of South Korea . Twenty-eight patients were assigned to an intervention group and 21 to a control group . The goal of intervention was to bring blood pressure , body weight , and serum lipids levels close to normal ranges . Patients in the intervention group were requested to record their blood pressure and body weight in a weekly web based diary through the Internet or by cellular phones . The research ers sent optimal recommendations as an intervention to each patient , by both cellular phone and Internet weekly . The intervention was applied for 8 weeks . RESULTS Systolic ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressures ( DBP ) significantly decreased by 9.1 and 7.2 mmHg respectively at 8 weeks from the baseline in the intervention group ( p<0.05 ) . However , after 8 weeks from the baseline both SBP and DBP in the control group had not changed significantly . Yet , There were significant mean decreases in body weight and waist circumference by 1.6 kg ( p<0.05 ) and 2.8 cm ( p<0.05 ) in the intervention group , respectively . In the control group increases in body weight and waist circumference ( p<0.05 ) mean changes were also significant . High density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) significantly increased , with a mean change of 3.7 mg/dl at 8 weeks from baseline in the intervention group ( p<0.05 ) . The mean change of HDL-C in the control group was , however , not significant . CONCLUSION During 8 weeks using this web-based intervention by way of cellular phone and Internet SMS improved blood pressure , body weight , waist circumference , and HDL-C in patients with obese hypertension PURPOSE The present study evaluated whether an intervention using the SMS by personal cellular phone and internet would improve the levels of plasma glucose of obese type 2 diabetes at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months . METHODS This is a quasi-experimental design with pre- and follow-up tests . Participants were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of tertiary care hospital located in an urban city of South Korea . Eighteen patients were r and omly assigned to an intervention group and 16 to a control group . The goal of the intervention was to decrease body weight and keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range . Patients were requested to record their blood glucose level  in a weekly diary on the website by personal cellular phones or computer internet . The research er sent optimal recommendations to each patient , by both the cellular phone and the Internet weekly . The intervention was applied for 1 year . RESULTS Glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA(1)c ) decreased 1.22 percentage points at 3 months , 1.09 percentage points at 6 months , 1.47 percentage points at 9 months , and 1.49 percentage points at 12 months compared with baseline in the intervention group ( all time points , p<0.05 ) . The percentage change in the control group was , however , not significant . Patients in the intervention group had a decrease of 2-h post-pr and ial test ( 2HPPT ) of 120.1mg/dl at 3 months , 58.9 mg/dl at 6 months , 62.0mg/dl at 9 months , and 102.9 mg/dl at 12 months compared with baseline ( all time points , p<0.05 ) . The mean change in the control group was , however , not significant . CONCLUSION This web-based intervention using SMS of personal cellular phone and Internet improved HbA(1)c and 2HPPT at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months in patients with obese type 2 diabetes 
    Output:
    
We found that mobile interventions used in nursing have different characteristics compared to those in other disciplines .
We also found that mobile interventions in nursing led to significant improvement in weight and glucose control