***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that ingesting lactic acid bacteria exerts a suppressive effect on  Helicobacter pylori infection in both animals and humans . Supplementing with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt ( AB-yogurt ) was shown to improve the rates of eradication of H. pylori in humans . OBJECTIVE We administered AB-yogurt to subjects with asymptomatic H. pylori to test whether the yogurt could inhibit H. pylori growth . DESIGN The in vitro inhibition of H. pylori growth was determined by inoculating Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 or Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on plates that were inoculated with H. pylori . Assessment of the viability of H. pylori was performed by the mixed culture method with La5 or Bb12 . In an intervention study , 59 adult volunteers infected with H. pylori were given AB-yogurt ( 10(7 ) colony-forming units of both La5 and Bb12/mL ) twice daily after a meal for 6 wk . Eleven subjects positive for H. pylori infection were treated with milk placebo as control subjects . H. pylori bacterial loads were determined with use of the (13)C-urea breath test , which was performed before and 4 and 8 wk after the start of AB-yogurt supplementation . RESULTS Bb12 exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against H. pylori , whereas La5 did not show an effect . Administration of AB-yogurt decreased the urease activity of H. pylori after 6 wk of therapy ( P < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Regular intake of yogurt containing Bb12 and La5 effectively suppressed H. pylori infection in humans Probiotics have proven to be useful in the treatment of a number of gastrointestinal diseases . Probiotics may compete directly with Helicobacterpylori , possibly by interference with adherence or by the production of antimicrobial molecules . Lactobacillusreuteri has been shown to inhibit H. pylori in vitro and in vivo , and theoretically may play a role in eradication therapy . The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of L. reuteri in H. pylori eradication therapy . This was an open label single center study . H. pylori infection was defined as positive gastric histopathology and 13C-UBT . Intervention consisted of L. reuteri ( DSM 17938 ) 108 cfu plus pantoprazole 20 mg twice a day for 8 weeks . Eradication was defined as a negative 13C-UBT , 4–6 weeks post therapy . Compliance was considered good if at least 90 % of the total number of the pills were taken . 21 of 22 subjects completed the study without protocol violation ( mean age 52 years ; 36 % men ) .  L. reuteri plus pantoprazole twice a day cured 13.6 % ( 3/22 ; 95 % CI 2.9–34.9 % ) of patients with H. pylori infection by ITT analysis and 14.2 % ( 3/21 ; 95 % CI 3.0–36 % ) by PP analysis . Overall urease activity assessed before and 4–6 weeks post therapy showed a significant reduction with a difference of mean of 38.8 vs. 25.4 by one-tailed test ( P = 0.002 ) . In conclusion , L. reuteri may have a potential role in H. pylori eradication therapy if the cure rate can be improved by changes in dose , dosing interval , or duration of therapy Background : Helicobacter pylori infects around 50 % of the human population and is asymptomatic in 70 % of the cases . H. pylori eradication in childhood will not only result in peptic symptoms relief , but will also prevent late-term complications such as cancer . Today , probiotics are being increasingly studied in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections as an alternative or complement to antibiotics . Objectives : In this study we aim ed to assess the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on  H. pylori eradication  among children in our region . Patients and Methods : In this r and omized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 28 asymptomatic primary school children with a positive H. pylori stool antigen ( HpSA ) exam were r and omly allocated into the study group , receiving Saccharomyces boulardii , and the control group receiving placebo capsules matched by shape and size , for one month . The children were followed up weekly and were reinvestigated four to eight weeks after accomplished treatment by HpSA testing . The significance level was set at P < 0.05 . Results : 24 children completed the study .  The mean HpSA reduced from 0.40 ± 0.32 to 0.21 ± 0.27 in the study group , indicating a significant difference ( P = 0.005 ) . However , such difference was not observed in the control group ( P = 0.89 ) . Moreover , the HpSA titer showed a 0.019 ± 0.19 decrease in the study group whereas the same value was 0.0048 ± 0.12 for the controls , again stating a significant difference ( P = 0.01 ) . Conclusions : Saccharomyces boulardii has a positive effect on reducing the colonization of H. pylori in the human gastrointestinal system but is not capable of its eradication when used as single therapy Abstract Reducing the amount of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach by selective bacterial – bacterial cell interaction was sought as an effective and novel method for combating the stomach pathogen . Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648 was identified as a highly specific binding antagonist to H. pylori among more than 700 wild-type strains of Lactobacillus species . Applying a stringent screening procedure , the strain DSM17648 was identified as selective binder to H. pylori cells under in vivo gastric conditions . The strain DSM17648 co-aggregates the pathogen in vivo and in vitro . The specific co-aggregation occurs between Lact . reuteri DSM17648 and different H. pylori strains and serotypes , as well as H. heilmannii , but not with Campylobacter jejuni or other commensal oral and intestinal bacteria . Lact . reuteri DSM17648 was shown in a proof-of-concept single-blinded , r and omized , placebo-controlled pilot study to significantly reduce the load of H. pylori in healthy yet infected adults . Reducing the amount of H. pylori in the stomach by selective bacterial – bacterial cell interaction might be an effective and novel method for combating the stomach pathogen . Lact . reuteri DSM17648 might prove useful as an adhesion blocker in antibiotic-free H. pylori therapies To examine the efficacy of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 ( LG21 ) as a probiotic for  Helicobacter pylori in humans , 31 subjects infected with the bacterium ingested  yogurt  containing LG21 daily for an 8 week period . The [(13)C]urea breath test and assays of serum pepsinogens revealed a significant improvement following LG21 treatment . LG21 was thus determined to be effective in both suppressing H. pylori and reducing gastric mucosal inflammation Background : Lactobacillus johnsonii ( Lj1 ) had an in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori .  Fermented milk containing Lj1 ( LC1 ) , coadministered with antibiotics had a favourable effect on H. pylori gastritis BACKGROUND The role of probiotics in the armamentarium remains to be defined . The aims of this study were to investigate whether the long-time administration of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 ( LG21 ) strain can eradicate H. pylori in asymptomatic pre-school children and /or prevent H. pylori infection . METHODS A total of 440 children , from 5 - 7 years of age , attending a kindergarten in Thail and were screened by the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen ( HpSA ) test . Thereafter 132 H. pylori positive and 308 H. pylori negative children were recruited to eradication and r and omized prevention arms , respectively . Children in the active and placebo treatment groups received Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 ( LG21 ) containing cheese and ordinary cheese , respectively , for 12 months . Eradication was defined as reversion by HpSA at 12 months . Prevention was defined as persistently HpSA negative at 12 months . RESULTS Eighty-two of 132 H. pylori positive ( 62 % ) completed the eradication arm , of which 24 ( 29.3 % ) were negative at 12 months according to the HpSA test . In the r and omized prevention arm , 123 of 156 ( 79 % ) and 99 of 122 ( 81 % ) completed active and placebo arms , respectively , of which 4.1 % and 8.1 % , respectively , were HpSA positive at 12 months based on a per- protocol analysis ( p = .21 ) . CONCLUSION Further trials are needed Goals : The goals of this study were to investigate the role of a new probiotic preparation ( Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 ) in Helicobacter pylori infection . Background : Specific probiotic strains play a role in H. pylori infection for their ability to decrease bacterial load and gastritis , prevent antibiotic-associated side effects , and increase the eradication rate . Study : This is a prospect i ve , double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study in a tertiary care setting . A total of 100 H. pylori – positive naive patients received either L. reuteri combination ( 2 × 108 Colony Forming Units ) or placebo during a 3-phase study ( pre-eradication , eradication , and follow-up ) . All underwent 13C urea breath test  ( 13C-UBT ) , blood assessment s of gastrin-17 ( G17 ) , endoscopy , and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale . Eradication was confirmed by 13C-UBT 8 weeks after the completion of therapy . Results : Fifty patients were allocated in each group . During pre-eradication period , 13C-UBT & dgr ; decreased by 13 % in L. reuteri combination as compared with a 4 % increase in placebo ( −13.2±34 % vs. 4.3±27 % ; P<0.03 ) . During eradication , GSRS increased significantly in placebo as compared with L. reuteri combination ( 6.8±2.9 vs. 4±3.1 ; P<0.01 ) . Significantly less patients in L. reuteri combination as compared with placebo-reported side effects ( 40.9 % vs. 62.8 % ; P<0.04 ) . An abnormal G17 value was found in patients receiving placebo as compared with L. reuteri combination ( 28 % vs. 12 % ; P<0.02 ) . Eradication rate was 75 % in L. reuteri combination and 65.9 % in placebo ( P = NS ) . L. reuteri combination increased eradication rate by 9.1 % ( odds ratio : 1.5 ) . Conclusions : L. reuteri combination alone is able to exert an inhibitory effect on H. pylori growth , and when administered with eradication therapy , it determines a significant reduction in antibiotic-associated side effects . Moreover , L. reuteri combination was able to decrease serum G17 levels and to ( not significantly ) increase the H. pylori – eradication rate BACKGROUND Functional probiotics may prevent Helicobacter pylori infection , and some evidence suggests that they also possess antitumor properties . Lactobacillus brevis ( CD2 ) is a functional Lactobacillus strain with peculiar biochemical features , essentially related to the activity of arginine deiminase . This enzyme catalyzes the catabolism of arginine and affects the bio synthesis of polyamines ( putrescine , spermidine , and spermine ) . Polyamines are polycations found in high concentrations in both normal and neoplastic cells . Our aims were : 1 , to assess whether oral administration of L. brevis ( CD2 ) affects H. pylori survival in the human gastric mucosa ; 2 , to evaluate the effects of L. brevis ( CD2 ) on polyamine bio synthesis in gastric biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS For 3 weeks before endoscopy , 22 H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients r and omly received ( ratio 1 : 1 ) high oral doses of L. brevis ( CD2 ) or placebo . Before and after treatment , H. pylori infection was determined by urea breath test ( UBT ) . In gastric biopsies , ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels were , respectively , evaluated by a radiometric technique and high-pressure liquid chromatography ( H 
    Output:
    
Probiotics alone show a minimal effect on H. pylori clearance , thus suggesting a likely direct role