***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Research suggests that stress‐reduction programs tailored to the cancer setting help patients cope with the effects of treatment and improve their quality of life .  Yoga , an ancient Eastern science , incorporates stress‐reduction techniques that include regulated breathing , visual imagery , and meditation as well as various postures . The authors examined the effects of the  Tibetan yoga ( TY ) practice s of Tsa lung and Trul khor , which incorporate  controlled breathing and visualization , mindfulness techniques  , and low‐impact postures  in patients with lymphoma This study examined the effect of an integrated yoga programme on chemotherapy-related nausea and emesis in early operable breast cancer out patients . Sixty-two subjects were r and omly allocated to receive yoga ( n = 28 ) or supportive therapy intervention ( n = 34 ) during the course of their chemotherapy . Both groups had similar socio-demographic and medical characteristics . Intervention consisted of both supervised and home practice of yoga sessions lasting for 60 min daily , while the control group received supportive therapy and coping preparation during their hospital visits over a complete course of chemotherapy . The primary outcome measure was the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis ( MANE ) assessed after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy . Secondary outcomes included measures for anxiety , depression , quality of life , distressful symptoms and treatment-related toxicity assessed before and during the course of chemotherapy . Following yoga , there was a significant decrease in post-chemotherapy-induced nausea frequency ( P = 0.01 ) and nausea intensity ( P = 0.01 ) , and intensity of anticipatory nausea ( P = 0.01 ) and anticipatory vomiting ( P = 0.05 ) as compared with the control group . There was a significant positive correlation between MANE scores and anxiety , depression and distressful symptoms . In conclusion , the results suggest a possible use for stress reduction interventions such as yoga in complementing conventional antiemetics to manage chemotherapy-related nausea and emesis Objective : To determine the effect of yoga and of aerobic exercise on cognitive function , fatigue , mood , and quality of life in multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . Methods : Subjects with clinical ly definite MS and Exp and ed Disability Status Score less than or equal to 6.0 were r and omly assigned to one of three groups lasting 6 months : weekly Iyengar yoga class along with home practice , weekly exercise class using a stationary bicycle along with home exercise , or a waiting-list control group . Outcome assessment s performed at baseline and at the end of the 6-month period included a battery of cognitive measures focused on attention , physiologic measures of alertness , Profile of Mood States , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Inventory ( MFI ) , and Short Form (SF)-36 health-related quality of life . Results : Sixty-nine subjects were recruited and r and omized . Twelve subjects did not finish the 6-month intervention . There were no adverse events related to the intervention . There were no effects from either of the active interventions on either of the primary outcome measures of attention or alertness . Both active interventions produced improvement in secondary measures of fatigue compared to the control group : Energy and Fatigue ( Vitality ) on the SF-36 and general fatigue on the MFI . There were no clear changes in mood related to yoga or exercise . Conclusion : Subjects with MS participating in either a 6-month yoga class or exercise class showed significant improvement in measures of fatigue compared to a waiting-list control group . There was no relative improvement of cognitive function in either of the intervention groups Objectives . This study compares the effects of an integrated yoga program with brief supportive therapy in breast cancer out patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy at a cancer center . Methods . Eighty-eight stage II and III breast cancer out patients are r and omly assigned to receive yoga ( n = 44 ) or brief supportive therapy ( n = 44 ) prior to radiotherapy treatment . Assessment s include diurnal salivary cortisol levels 3 days before and after  radiotherapy  and self-ratings of anxiety , depression , and stress collected before and after 6 weeks of radiotherapy . Results . Analysis of covariance reveals significant decreases in anxiety ( P < .001 ) , depression ( P = .002 ) , perceived stress ( P < .001 ) , 6 a.m. salivary cortisol ( P = .009 ) , and pooled mean cortisol ( P = .03 ) in the yoga group compared with controls . There is a significant positive correlation between morning salivary cortisol level and anxiety and depression . Conclusion . Yoga might have a role in managing self-reported psychological distress and modulating circadian patterns of stress hormones in early breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy OBJECTIVE To compare yoga and relaxation as treatment modalities at 10 and 16 weeks from study baseline to determine if either of modality reduces subject stress , anxiety , blood pressure and improve quality of life . DESIGN A r and omised comparative trial was undertaken comparing yoga with relaxation . PARTICIPANTS One hundred and thirty-one subjects with mild to moderate levels of stress were recruited from the community in South Australia . INTERVENTIONS Ten weekly 1- h sessions of relaxation or hatha yoga . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in the State Trait Personality Inventory sub-scale anxiety , General Health Question naire and the Short Form-36 . RESULTS Following the 10 week intervention stress , anxiety and quality of life scores improved over time . Yoga was found to be as effective as relaxation in reducing stress , anxiety and improving health status on seven domains of the SF-36 .  Yoga was more effective than relaxation in improving mental health . At the end of the 6 week follow-up period there were no differences between groups in levels of stress , anxiety and on five domains of the SF-36 . Vitality , social function and mental health scores on the SF-36 were higher in the relaxation group during the follow-up period . CONCLUSION Yoga appears to provide a comparable improvement in stress , anxiety and health status compared to relaxation UNLABELLED Yoga has often been perceived as a method of stress management tool that can assist in alleviating depression and anxiety disorders . This study sought to evaluate the influence of yoga in relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety in women who were referred to a yoga clinic . METHODS The study involved a convenience sample of women who were referred to a yoga clinic from July 2006 to July 2007 . All new cases were evaluated on admission using a personal information question naire well as Beck and Spielberger tests . Participants were r and omly assigned into an experimental and a control group . The experimental group ( n=34 ) participated in twice weekly yoga classes of 90 min duration for two months . The control group ( n=31 ) was assigned to a waiting list and did not receive yoga . Both groups were evaluated again after the two-month study period . RESULTS The average prevalence of depression in the experimental group pre and post Yoga intervention was 12.82+/-7.9 and 10.79+/-6.04 respectively , a statistically insignificant decrease ( p=0.13 ) . However , when the experimental group was compared to the control group , women who participated in yoga classes showed a significant decrease in state anxiety ( p=0.03 ) and trait anxiety ( p<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Participation in a two-month yoga class can lead to significant reduction in perceived levels of anxiety in women who suffer from anxiety disorders . This study suggests that yoga can be considered as a complementary therapy or an alternative method for medical therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that yoga and meditation practice s are effective in stress management , alleviating anxiety and musculoskeletal problems and improving mood and cognitive and physical performance .  Musicians experience a number of challenges in their profession including high levels of stress , performance anxiety and performance-related musculoskeletal conditions . Yoga and meditation techniques are therefore potentially useful practice s for professional musicians . MATERIAL / METHODS Musicians enrolled in a prestigious 2-month summer fellowship program were invited to participate in a regular yoga and meditation program at a yoga center during the course of the program . The 10 participants in the yoga program completed baseline and end-program question naires evaluating performance-related musculoskeletal conditions , performance anxiety , mood and flow experience .  Fellows not participating in the yoga program were recruited to serve as controls and completed the same assessment s ( N=8 ) . RESULTS The yoga participants showed some improvements relative to control subjects on most measures , with the relative improvement in performance anxiety being the greatest . CONCLUSIONS The results from this preliminary study suggest that yoga and meditation may be beneficial as a routine practice to reduce performance anxiety in musicians BACKGROUND Numerous studies have explored the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of migraine but there is no documented investigation of the effectiveness of yoga therapy for migraine management . OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of holistic approach of yoga therapy for migraine treatment compared to self-care . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . METHODS Seventy-two patients with migraine without aura were r and omly assigned to yoga therapy or self-care group for 3 months . Primary outcomes were headache frequency ( headache diary ) , severity of migraine ( 0 - 10 numerical scale ) and pain component ( McGill pain question naire ) . Secondary outcomes were anxiety and depression ( Hospital anxiety depression scale ) , medication score . RESULTS After adjustment for baseline values , the subjects ' complaints related to headache intensity ( P < .001 ) , frequency ( P < .001 ) , pain rating index ( P < .001 ) , affective pain rating index ( P < .001 ) , total pain rating index ( P < .001 ) , anxiety and depression scores ( P < .001 ) , symptomatic medication use ( P < .001 ) were significantly lower in the yoga group compared to the self-care group . CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a significant reduction in migraine headache frequency and associated clinical features , in patients treated with yoga over a period of 3 months . Further study of this therapeutic intervention appears to be warranted BACKGROUND Emotional distress is an increasing public health problem and Hatha yoga has been cl aim ed to induce stress reduction and empowerment in practicing subjects . We aim ed to evaluate potential effects of Iyengar Hatha yoga on perceived stress and associated psychological outcomes in mentally distressed women . MATERIAL / METHODS A controlled prospect i ve non-r and omized study was conducted in 24 self-referred female subjects ( mean age 37.9+/-7.3 years ) who perceived themselves as emotionally distressed . Subjects were offered participation in one of two subsequential 3-months yoga programs . Group 1 ( n=16 ) participated in the first class , group 2 ( n=8 ) served as a waiting list control . During the yoga course , subjects attended two-weekly 90-min Iyengar yoga classes . Outcome was assessed on entry and after 3 months by Cohen Perceived Stress Scale , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Profile of Mood States , CESD-Depression Scale , Bf-S/Bf-S ' Well-Being Scales , Freiburg Complaint List and ratings of physical well-being . Salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after an evening yoga class in a second sample . RESULTS Compared to waiting-list , women who participated in the yoga-training demonstrated pronounced and significant improvements in perceived stress ( P<0.02 ) , State and Trait Anxiety ( P<0.02 and P<0.01 , respectively ) , well-being ( P<0.01 ) , vigor ( P<0.02 ) , fatigue ( P<0.02 ) and depression ( P<0.05 ) . Physical well-being also increased ( P<0.01 ) , and those subjects suffering from headache or back pain reported marked pain relief . Salivary cortisol decreased significantly after participation in a yoga class ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Women suffering from mental distress participating in a 3-month Iyengar yoga class show significant improvements on measures of stress and psychological outcomes . Further investigation of yoga with respect to prevention and treatment of stress-related disease and of underlying mechanism is warranted Objective : To study the effect of yoga on the climacteric symptoms , perceived stress , and personality in perimenopausal women . Design : One hundred twenty participants ( ages 40 - 55 y ) were r and omly divided into two study arms , ie , yoga and control . The yoga group practice d an integrated approach to yoga therapy comprising surya namaskara ( sun salutation ) with 12 postures , pranayama ( breathing practice s ) , and avartan dhyan ( cyclic meditation ) , whereas the control group practice d a set of simple physical exercises under supervision of trained teachers for 8 weeks ( 1 h daily , 5 days per week ) . The assessment s were made by Greene Climacteric Scale , Perceived Stress Scale , and Eysenck 's Personality Inventory before and after the intervention . Results : Of the three factors of the Greene Climacteric Scale , the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between groups ( P < 0.05 ) in the vasomotor symptoms , a marginally significant difference ( P = 0.06 ) in psychological factors but not in the somatic component . Effect sizes were higher in the yoga group for all factors . There was a significantly greater degree of decrease in Perceived Stress Scale scores ( P < 0.001 , independent sample s t test ) in the yoga group compared with controls ( between-group analysis ) with a higher effect size in the yoga group ( 1.10 ) than the control ( 0.27 ) . On the Eysenck 's Personality Inventory , the decrease in neurot 
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L’anxiété réactionnelle peut être provoquée par diverses situations de vie .
Ce type d’anxiété peut perturber la participation occupationnelle et le rendement occupationnel et , par conséquent , la réadaptation et le rétablissement .