***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This study examined whether a culturally adapted version of a previously evaluated efficacious HIV prevention program reduced sexual risk behaviors of youth living with HIV ( YLH ) in Ug and a. YLH , 14 to 21 years , were r and omized to  intervention ( N = 50 ) or control  ( N = 50 ) conditions . Significantly more YLH in the intervention used condoms consistently and decreased their number of sexual partners in comparison to the control condition . Western interventions can be culturally adapted to retain efficacy in reducing the sexual risk behavior of YLH Background Long-acting reversible contraceptives ( LARCs ) and sterilisation are the most cost-effective methods of contraception but are rarely used in sub-Saharan Africa partly due to limited access . Study design HIV-positive pregnant women attending two urban clinics in Rw and a were followed prospect ively in a perinatal HIV transmission cohort study . Women attending one clinic were referred to public family planning ( FP ) services for all contraceptive methods ( Site A ) and women attending the other clinic ( Site B ) were offered implants and intrauterine devices ( IUDs ) on-site . Results Fifty three percent of the pregnant women reported an intention to use a LARC or to be sterilised after delivery . The uptake of implants was significantly higher at Site B ( 38 % ) than at Site A ( 6 % ) . The IUD uptake was extremely low at both sites ( 2 % ) . Twenty-eight of the 39 women at Site B who had intended to start using a LARC actually did so as compared to only one of 23 at Site A. Conclusion When access to LARC was provided , a substantial number of HIV-positive women started using hormonal implants , but not IUDs , in the postpartum period . HIV and FP services should consider improving access to implants to reduce the number of unintended pregnancies Objective : To evaluate a multipronged approach to promote dual  contraceptive  use by women within heterosexual HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships . Methods : For 213 HIV-1-serodiscordant couples in Thika , Kenya , participating in an HIV-1 prevention clinical trial , contraceptive promotion was initiated through a multipronged intervention that included staff training , couples family planning sessions , and free provision of hormonal contraception on-site .  Contraceptive use and pregnancy incidence were compared between two time periods ( before versus after June 2007 , when the intervention was initiated ) and between Thika and other Kenyan trial sites ( Eldoret , Kisumu , and Nairobi ) . Generalized estimating equations and And ersen – Gill proportional hazards modeling were used . Results : Nonbarrier contraceptive use increased after implementation of the intervention : from 31.5 to 64.7 % of visits among HIV-1-seropositive women [ odds ratio 4.0 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 3.0–5.3 ] and from 28.6 to 46.7 % of visits among HIV-1-seronegative women ( odds ratio 2.2 , 95 % CI 1.4–3.5 ) . In comparison , at the other Kenyan sites , where the intervention was not implemented , contraceptive use changed minimally , from 15.6 to 22.3 % of visits for HIV-1-seropositive women and from 13.6 to 12.7 % among HIV-1-seronegative women . Self-reported condom use remained high during follow-up . Pregnancy incidence at the Thika was significantly lower after compared with before June 2007 ( hazard ratio 0.2 , 95 % CI 0.1–0.6 ) and was approximately half that at other Kenyan sites during the intervention period ( hazard ratio 0.5 , 95 % CI 0.3–0.8 ) . Conclusion : A multipronged family planning intervention can lead to high nonbarrier contraceptive uptake and reduced pregnancy incidence among women in HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships BACKGROUND Dual protection is recommended for prevention of unwanted pregnancies and protection against sexually transmitted infections , including HIV . It is critical for HIV-negative women to prevent seroconversion and HIV transmission to their infants during pregnancy and breastfeeding . METHODS Women were followed up after delivery , monthly for the first 9 months and then 3-monthly to 24 months , in a cohort study investigating postnatal HIV transmission . Study nurses discussed family planning , including condom use , at each visit . Contraceptive methods used since the last visit were recorded . All women knew their HIV status , and most women breastfed for a minimum of 6 months . RESULTS Among 1,137 HIV-positive and 1 220 HIV-negative women the most common contraceptive method was the hormonal injectable ; few women used  condoms alone  or as dual contraception  ( 0 - 3 months 6.8 % ; 7 - 12 months 16.3 % ; 19 - 24 months 14.4 % ) . Compared with uninfected women , HIV-positive women were more likely to use condoms in years 1 and 2 after delivery ( adjusted odds ratio ( AOR ) 1.72 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.38 - 2.14 , p<0.001 ; AOR 1.61 , 95 % CI 1.15 - 2.25 , p=0.006 respectively ) . Compared with women with a flush toilet , those with a pit latrine were less likely to use condoms in years 1 and 2 ( AOR 0.22 , 95 % CI 01.7 - 0.28 , p<0.001 ; AOR 0.27 , 95 % CI 0.19 - 0.39 , p<0.001 ) . Older women were more likely to use condoms in the first postpartum year ( AOR 1.78 , 95 % CI 1.03 - 3.09 , p=0.040 ) . CONCLUSIONS More creative ways of promoting condoms and dual contraception need to be found if new HIV infections , in women and children , are to be prevented 
    Output:
    
We found little innovation in the behavioral interventions .
Since some of these studies were conducted , improvements in HIV treatment have influenced the fertility intentions of HIV-positive people .