***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT ) has proven to be feasible in terms of physical morbidity and mortality outcomes , but little data exist on the impact of this procedure on quality of life ( QoL ) . The purpose of this prospect i ve , observational , longitudinal cohort study was to compare the effects of inpatient ( n = 76 ) and outpatient  ( n = 64 )  modes of care on QoL in patients with multiple myeloma who underwent ASCT . Patients were treated according to their preference for the inpatient or outpatient model . QoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation ( FACT-BMT )  at baseline ( 7 days before ASCT ; T1 ) and at days + 7 ( T2 ) and + 30 ( T3 ) after ASCT . Overall , in patients achieved higher mean values at each time point ( 86.05 ± 15.54 at T1 , 89.23 ± 19.19 at T2 , and 87.96 ± 13.6 at T3 ) compared with out patients ( 85.62 ± 14.51 at T1 , 87.42 ± 23.41 at T2 , and 83.98 ± 20.2 at T3 ) , although the differences did not reach statistical significance . In patients showed higher mean scores than out patients in physical well-being ( 7.67 ± 5.7 , 15.44 ± 6.34 , and 12.96 ± 6.03 , respectively , versus 5.89 ± 4.33 , 13.92 ± 7.05 , and 8.84 ± 6.33 , respectively ; P < .05 ) . Mean scores on social/family well-being were significantly higher in the outpatient group compared with the inpatient group ( 22.93 ± 13.29 , 21.14 ± 5.31 , and 21.64 ± 4.58 , respectively , versus 20.59 ± 3.79 , 19.52 ± 5.12 , and 20.01 ± 3.97 , respectively ; P = .003 ) . There were no significant between-group differences with respect to functional well-being and emotional status . Among adults at a single institution undergoing ASCT for MM , the use of outpatient care compared with st and ard transplantation care did not result in improved QoL during transplantation . Further research is needed for replication and to assess longer-term outcomes and implication Background In this prospect i ve study , the impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors ( G-2 CSF ) administered during induction treatment with bendamustine plus rituximab for indolent non- Hodgkin Llymphoma ( NHL ) was evaluated by comparing patients who received secondary prophylaxis with filgrastim ( control group ) versus . patients who received pegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis ( peg-group ) . The primary endpoint was the incidence rate of febrile neutropenia (FN)- related chemotherapy disruptions ( regarding dose-dense and /or dose-intensity of schedule ) . The S secondary endpoint included days of hospitalization due to FN , and G-CSF-related side effects ( grade ≥3 WHO toxicity criteria ) in each group . Methods One hundred twenty-two : 122 consecutive patients , with untreated indolent NHL , were referred to our outpatient unit for remission induction immuno-chemotherapy with bendamustine-rituximab .  During the first period , 61 patients received secondary prophylaxis  with filgrastim , given “ on dem and ” if ANC was < 1000/mm3 . During the second period , 61 patients received primary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim in a single administration . Results Pegfilgrastim was significantly associated with fewer incidence rate of FN-related chemotherapy disruptions ( 11.4 % in the control group vs. 1.6 % in the peg-group , p = 0.04 ) and fewer days of hospitalization due to FN ( median number 18 days in the control group vs. 6 in the peg-group , p = 0.04 ) . In terms of G-CSF-related extra-hematological grade III side effects , no significant difference has been found in the two groups ( 9.8 % in the control group vs. 11.5 % in the peg-group , p = 0.77 ) . Only one patient stopped the treatment in the peg-group due to intolerance . Conclusions In patients with indolent NHL , in front-line treatment with bendamustine plus rituximab , primary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim seems to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy disruptions due to FN , and the days of hospitalization . Moreover , it is well- tolerated and may increase the opportunity to maintain the planned schedule of treatment . These results make pegfilgrastim an advantageous option in most cases both in terms of cost-effectiveness and quality of life . These preliminary observations need to be vali date d by controlled clinical trials Mantle cell lymphoma ( MCL ) is considered incurable . Intensive immunochemotherapy with stem cell support has not been tested in large , prospect i ve series . In the 2nd Nordic MCL trial , we treated 160 consecutive , untreated patients younger than 66 years in a phase 2 protocol with dose-intensified induction immunochemotherapy with rituximab ( R ) + cyclophosphamide , vincristine , doxorubicin , prednisone ( maxi-CHOP ) , alternating with R + high-dose cytarabine . Responders received high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM or BEAC ( carmustine , etoposide , cytarabine , and melphalan/cyclophosphamide ) with R-in vivo purged autologous stem cell support . Overall and complete response was achieved in 96 % and 54 % , respectively . The 6-year overall , event-free , and progression-free survival were 70 % , 56 % , and 66 % , respectively , with no relapses occurring after 5 years . Multivariate analysis showed Ki-67 to be the sole independent predictor of event-free survival . The nonrelapse mortality was 5 % . The majority of stem cell products and patients assessed with polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) after transplantation were negative . Compared with our historical control , the Nordic MCL-1 trial , the event-free , overall , and progression-free survival , the duration of molecular remission , and the proportion of PCR-negative stem cell products were significantly increased ( P < .001 ) . Intensive immunochemotherapy with in vivo purged stem cell support can lead to long-term progression-free survival of MCL and perhaps cure . Registered at www.is rct n.org as # IS RCT N 87866680 Age is an important prognostic parameter , especially in patients with advanced high- grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( HG-NHL ) who require more intensive and extensive therapy for any possible chance of cure . We investigated the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) for reducing myelotoxicity , which is the most important dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy . Between March 1993 and June 1995 , 158 previously untreated patients 60 years and older with HG-NHL were included in a cooperative r and omized comparative trial and treated with a combination therapy including VNCOP-B ( cyclophosphamide , mitoxantrone , vincristine , etoposide , bleomycin , and prednisone ) with or without G-CSF . G-CSF was administered at 5 microg/kg/d throughout the treatment starting on day 3 of every week for 5 consecutive days . Of the 158 patients registered for the trial , 149 patients were evaluable : 77 received VNCOP-B plus G-CSF and 72 received VNCOP-B alone . The overall response rate was 81.5 % , with complete response in 59 % : 60 % in the VNCOP-B plus G-CSF group , and 58 % in the VNCOP-B group . At 30 months ( median 24 months ) , 68 % of all complete responders were alive without disease in the G-CSF group and 65 % in the control group . Neutropenia occurred in 18 out of 77 ( 23 % ) of the G-CSF treated patients and in 40 out of 72 ( 55.5 % ) of the controls ( P = .00005 ) . Clinical ly relevant infections occurred in 4 out of 77 ( 5 % ) of the G-CSF group and in 15 out of 72 ( 21 % ) of the controls ( P = .004 ) . The delivered dose intensity was higher in patients receiving G-CSF ( 95 % v 85 % ) , but the difference was not statistically significant . Our data show that VNCOP-B is a feasible and effective regimen in elderly HG-NHL patients , and that the use of G-CSF reduces infection and neutropenia rates without producing any significant modifications to the dose intensity , CR rate , and relapse-free survival curve PURPOSE One of the most significant limitations of at-home autologous stem-cell transplantation ( ASCT ) is the necessity for hospital readmission . We developed an at-home ASCT program in which prophylactic ceftriaxone and treatment of febrile neutropenia with piperacillin and tazobactam was introduced to minimize the readmission rate . PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 2000 and February 2005 , 178 consecutive patients underwent ASCT for a hematologic malignancy . Of these , 50 patients fulfilled the requirements for at-home ASCT . Results were compared with those observed in a control group of 50 patients individually matched to the group of patients treated at home for age , sex , diagnosis , stage of disease , conditioning , and source of stem cells . RESULTS Febrile neutropenia occurred in fewer patients in the at-home group as compared with the hospitalized group ( 76 % v 96 % : P = .008 ) , and duration of fever was also shorter in the at-home group ( median , 2 and 6 days , respectively ; range , 1 to 11 and 1 to 20 days , respectively ; P = .00003 ) . Hospital readmission in the at-home group was required in only four cases ( 8 % ) . This result ed in a reduction of 18.6 days of hospitalization per patient . Likewise , total median charges were approximately half in the at-home group as compared with the in-hospital group ( 3,345 euro v 6,250 euro , respectively ; P < .00001 ) . CONCLUSION Results of at-home ASCT with prophylactic administration of ceftriaxone and domiciliary treatment of febrile neutropenia with piperacillin and tazobactam are highly satisfactory and significantly cheaper compared with those obtained with conventional in-hospital ASCT BACKGROUND There is a misconception that elderly cancer patients can not tolerate st and ard doses of chemotherapy because of the frequency and severity of myelosuppressive complications . The reactive use of colony-stimulating factors ( i.e. , in response to severe neutropenia ) commonly observed in this setting contributes to the frequency and severity of these complications . This study evaluated the incidence of febrile neutropenia and related events in elderly cancer patients receiving pegfilgrastim beginning with cycle 1 ( proactive ) in comparison with pegfilgrastim initiated after cycle 1 at the physician 's discretion ( reactive ) . METHODS Patients ( > or = 65 years of age ) with either solid tumors or non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) were r and omly assigned to receive pegfilgrastim either proactively or reactively . The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing febrile neutropenia . RESULTS There were 852 patients enrolled ( median age , 72 years ) . Proactive pegfilgrastim use result ed in a significantly lower incidence of febrile neutropenia for both solid tumor and NHL patients compared with reactive use . Proactive pegfilgrastim use also led to fewer hospitalizations result ing from neutropenia and febrile neutropenia by approximately 50 % . Antibiotic use was lower for solid tumor patients receiving proactive pegfilgrastim and equivalent in the two NHL groups . CONCLUSIONS This is the largest , r and omized , prospect i ve trial evaluating growth factor support in typical elderly cancer patients . Proactive pegfilgrastim use effectively produced a lower incidence of febrile neutropenia and related events in elderly patients with either solid tumors or NHL receiving an array of mild to moderately neutropenic chemotherapy regimens . Pegfilgrastim should be used proactively in elderly cancer patients to support the optimal delivery of st and ard chemotherapy BACKGROUND St and ard treatment for patients with primary CNS lymphoma remains to be defined . Active therapies are often associated with increased risk of haematological or neurological toxicity . In this trial , we addressed the tolerability and efficacy of adding rituximab with or without thiotepa to methotrexate-cytarabine combination therapy ( the MATRix regimen ) , followed by a second r and omisation comparing consolidation with whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with primary CNS lymphoma . We report the results of the first r and omisation in this Article . METHODS For the international r and omised phase 2 International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 ( IELSG32 ) trial , HIV-negative patients ( aged 18 - 70 
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The odds of surviving at 2–3 years was also numerically higher for the ASCT out patients , but the difference did not reach statistical significance .
Conclusions This study found a significantly lower odds of developing febrile neutropenia and septicemia among patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma who received an outpatient ASCT than among those who had an inpatient ASCT