***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: In the last years pre clinical studies have paved the way for the use of adult muscle derived stem cells for reconstruction of the lower urinary tract . Between September 2002 and October 2004 , 42 women and 21 men suffering from urinary stress incontinence ( age 36 - 84 years ) were recruited and subsequently treated with transurethral ultrasonography-guided injections of autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts obtained from skeletal muscle biopsies . The fibroblasts were injected into the urethral submucosa , while the myoblasts were implanted into the rhabdosphincter . In parallel , 7 men and 21 women ( age 39 - 83 years ) also diagnosed with urinary stress incontinence were treated with st and ard transurethral endoscopic injections of collagen .  Patients were r and omly assigned to both groups . After a follow-up of 12 months incontinence was cured in 39 women and 11 men after injection of autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts .  Mean quality of life score ( 51.38 preoperatively , 104.06 postoperatively ) , thickness of urethra and rhabdosphincter ( 2.103 mm preoperatively , 3.303 mm postoperatively ) as well as contractility of the rhabdosphincter ( 0.56 mm preoperatively , 1.462 mm postoperatively ) were improved postoperatively . Only in two patients treated with injections of collagen  incontinence was cured . The present clinical results demonstrate that , in contrast to injections of collagen , urinary incontinence can be treated effectively with ultrasonography-guided injections of autologous myo- and fibroblasts Purpose : To compare short-term results of autologous pubovaginal sling and synthetic transobturator ( TOT ) SAFYRE sling in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . Methods : Twenty women referred for surgical treatment of SUI were assigned r and omly to autologous pubovaginal sling or synthetic TOT sling .  Inclusion criteria were primary treatment of SUI and urodynamic study showing SUI without detrusor overactivity . Pre- and postoperative quantification of the severity of incontinence was done by pad test and a vali date d question naire ( King ’s Health Question naire ) . Results : There were no differences in patients ’ mean age , parity , body mass index , rate of postmenopausal state , pelvic floor defects and mean Valsalva leak point pressure in the preoperative urodynamic study . Mean operating time ( 21.1 ± 3.8 vs. 69.5 ± 23.7 min ; P<0.001 ) and hospital stay ( 28.8 ± 8.4 vs. 44.4 ± 5.8 h ; P<0.001 ) was shorter in the TOT than the autologous group . The postoperative pad test ( 39.4 ± 12.5 vs. 8.4 ± 5.2 g ; P=0.01 ) and the absent in the improvement in the quality of life were significantly higher in the TOT group . Conclusion : Our initial results suggest that the synthetic TOT technique had worse effectiveness for treating female SUI compared to autologous pubovaginal sling OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided autologous myoblast injections into the external urethral sphincter followed by electrical stimulation ( ES ) as a possible 2-step treatment for  stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . METHODS Autologous myoblasts isolated from a biceps muscle sample were injected under transurethral ultrasound guidance into the external urethral sphincter of 38 female patients . The patients also underwent ES postoperatively to enhance cell integration . Treatment feasibility , as well as possible intraoperative and postoperative complications , was assessed 6weeks after the injections . Additionally , the effects of the myoblast injections followed by an ES cycle were compared to those of a preoperative ES cycle undergone by the same patients . RESULTS No serious adverse events or complications were noted and the procedure was well tolerated . Compared with the objective and subjective measurements collected after the preoperative ES cycle , the corresponding measurements obtained 6weeks postoperatively , after the completion of a second ES cycle , indicated considerable improvement . The results to the stress test were negative for 29 ( 78.4 % ) of the patients , 5 ( 13.5 % ) considered their SUI cured , and 29 ( 78.4 % ) reported improvement . CONCLUSION Intrasphincteric autologous myoblast injections followed by ES is minimally invasive and feasible , and safely produced promising initial results . EU Clinical Trials EudraCT No. 2009 - 012389 - 30 Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT01355133 Introduction and hypothesisCell therapy for stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) management has been experienced with encouraging results . Methods We conducted an open prospect i ve study on 12 women presenting severe SUI with fixed urethra , after previous failed surgical management . Patients underwent intrasphincteric injections of autologous progenitor muscular cells isolated from a biopsy of deltoid muscle . Primary endpoint focused on safety ( measurement of Qmax variation after 3 months ) . Secondary endpoints assessed side effects and efficacy . Results No variation was diagnosed on Qmax measurements . Efficacy data show that three of 12 patients are dry at 12 months , seven other patients are improved on pad test but not on voiding diary , and two patients were slightly worsened by the procedure . Quality of life was improved in half of patients . Conclusions Cell therapy for severe multioperated cases of SUI is a mini-invasive , feasible , and safe procedure that can improve urinary condition in as a second line therapy Objective . To evaluate long-term effectiveness and safety of conservative and minimally invasive outpatient treatments for female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) through a review of the literature . Methods . PubMed was search ed for reports on prospect i ve clinical trials with at least 12-month follow-up of minimally invasive treatments , pelvic floor rehabilitation , or pharmacotherapy in women with SUI . Each report was examined for long-term rates of effectiveness and safety . Results . Thirty-two clinical trial reports were included . Prospect i ve long-term studies of pelvic floor rehabilitation were limited but indicated significant improvements with treatment adherence for at least 12 months . Poor initial tolerability with duloxetine result ed in substantial discontinuation . Most patients receiving transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation or urethral bulking agents reported significant long-term improvements , generally good tolerability , and safety . Conclusions . Conservative therapy is an appropriate initial approach for female SUI , but if therapy fails , radiofrequency collagen denaturation or bulking agents may be an attractive intermediate management step or alternative to surgery OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) with colposuspension as the primary treatment for stress incontinence . STUDY DESIGN The trial was conducted in gynecology or urology departments in 14 centers in the United Kingdom and Irel and . Three hundred forty-four women with urodynamic stress incontinence were r and omly assigned to groups : 175 to  TVT  and  169  to  colposuspension . Patients were assessed using the Short Form-36 health status question naire , the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms question naire , clinical examination , and a 1-hour perineal pad test . Unpaired and paired data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum and matched pairs tests , respectively , and proportions were compared with the Fisher exact test . RESULTS When data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis , assuming patients with missing data to be treatment failures , 63 % of the TVT group and 51 % of the colposuspension group were objective ly cured at 2 years ( odds ratio 1.67 , 95 % CI 1.09 - 2.58 ) . CONCLUSION The TVT procedure appears to be as effective as colposuspension for the treatment of urodynamic stress incontinence at 2 years We hereby report a 1-year follow-up on eight women in the first North America trial in which stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) was treated with muscle-derived stem cell injections .  Mean and median follow-up in this group was 16.5 and 17 months ( range 3–24 months ) . Improvement in SUI was seen in five of eight women , with one achieving total continence . Onset of improvement was between 3 and 8 months after injection . Cure or improvement continued at a median of 10 months . No serious adverse events were reported To assess the maintenance of efficacy of duloxetine beyond 3 months , using data from several long‐term , open‐label studies , as the efficacy of duloxetine 40‐mg twice daily for treating women with stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) for up to 3 months has been established in several r and omized , placebo‐controlled clinical trials 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Data suggest that SC treatment for SUI is safe and effective in the short term .