***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: CONTEXT Migraine with aura has been associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile and prothrombotic factors that , along with migraine-specific physiology , may increase the risk of vascular events . Although migraine with aura has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke , an association with cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and , specifically , coronary events remains unclear . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between migraine with and without aura and subsequent risk of overall and specific CVD . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Prospect i ve cohort study of 27,840 US women aged 45 years or older who were participating in the Women 's Health Study , were free of CVD and angina at study entry ( 1992 - 1995 ) , and who had information on self-reported migraine and aura status , and lipid measurements . This report is based on follow-up data through March 31 , 2004 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the combined end point of major CVD ( first instance of nonfatal ischemic stroke , nonfatal myocardial infa rct ion , or death due to ischemic CVD ) ; other measures were first ischemic stroke , myocardial infa rct ion , coronary revascularization , angina , and death due to ischemic CVD . RESULTS At baseline , 5125 women ( 18.4 % ) reported any history of migraine ; of the 3610 with active migraine ( migraine in the prior year ) , 1434 ( 39.7 % ) indicated aura symptoms . During a mean of 10 years of follow-up , 580 major CVD events occurred . Compared with women with no migraine history , women who reported active migraine with aura had multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 2.15 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.58 - 2.92 ; P<.001 ) for major CVD , 1.91 ( 95 % CI , 1.17 - 3.10 ; P = .01 ) for ischemic stroke , 2.08 ( 95 % CI , 1.30 - 3.31 ; P = .002 ) for myocardial infa rct ion , 1.74 ( 95 % CI , 1.23 - 2.46 ; P = .002 ) for coronary revascularization , 1.71 ( 95 % CI , 1.16 - 2.53 ; P = .007 ) for angina , and 2.33 ( 95 % CI , 1.21 - 4.51 ; P = .01 ) for ischemic CVD death . After adjusting for age , there were 18 additional major CVD events attributable to migraine with aura per 10 000 women per year . Women who reported active migraine without aura did not have increased risk of any vascular events or angina . CONCLUSIONS In this large , prospect i ve cohort of women , active migraine with aura was associated with increased risk of major CVD , myocardial infa rct ion , ischemic stroke , and death due to ischemic CVD , as well as with coronary revascularization and angina . Active migraine without aura was not associated with increased risk of any CVD event Objective : To describe the distribution of migraine and its subtypes in the general population . Background : Previous population -based studies are limited by small sample s or a narrow age range , do not provide prevalence estimates of migraine with and without aura , or underestimate prevalence by not accounting for patients missed as a result of using imperfect screening instruments . Methods : The participants in the Genetic Epidemiology of Migraine Study were comprised of 6,491 adults , age 20 to 65 years , selected r and omly from two county population registries in the Netherl and s to participate in a general health survey ( 52.7 % response ) . Migraineurs were identified as follows : All participants were screened on headache history .  Those meeting screen-positive criteria were given a detailed question naire on headache . A total of 1,292 r and omly selected screen-positives ( 83 % of screen-positives ) and 197 r and omly selected screen-negatives ( 5 % of screen-negatives ) were administered a semistructured clinical interview by telephone . Final diagnosis met 1988 International Headache Society criteria . Prevalence of migraine was estimated for sex and 5-year age strata . Results : The lifetime prevalence of migraine in women was 33 % and the 1-year prevalence of migraine in women was 25 % . In men , the lifetime prevalence was 13.3 % and the 1-year prevalence was 7.5 % . Among patients with migraine in the past year , 63.9 % had migraine without aura , 17.9 % had migraine with aura , and 13.1 % had migraine both with and without aura . The prevalence of migraine was significantly higher in women and not associated with socioeconomic status . Migraineurs suffered a median of 12 migraine attacks per year ; 25 % had at least two attacks per month . Conclusions : The prevalence of migraine is higher then previously reported . The coexistence of migraine with and without aura occurs frequently and has implication s for future studies on the genetics of migraine 
    Output:
    
Results for both variants were driven by studies in non-Caucasian population s. Results among Caucasians did not suggest an association .
The MTHFR 677TT genotype is associated with an increased risk for migraine with aura , while the ACE II genotype is protective against both migraine with and without aura .
Results for both variants appeared only among non-Caucasian population s. There was no association among Caucasians