***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of immediate functionally loaded implants placed with a flapless procedure ( test group ) versus implants placed after flap elevation and conventional load-free healing ( control group ) in partially edentulous patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients were r and omized : 20 to the flapless immediately loaded group and 20 to the conventional group . To be immediately loaded , implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque > 45 Ncm . Implants in the immediately loaded group were provided with full acrylic resin temporary restorations the same day . Implants in the conventional group were submerged ( anterior region ) or left unsubmerged ( posterior region ) and were left load-free for 3 months ( m and ibles ) or 4 months ( maxillae ) . Provisional restorations were replaced with definitive single metal-ceramic crowns 1 month postloading . Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures , biological and prosthetic complications , postoperative edema , pain , and use of analgesics . Independent sample chi2 tests , Mann-Whitney tests , t tests , and paired t tests were used with a significance level of .05 . RESULTS Fifty-two implants were placed in the flapless group and 56 in the conventionally loaded group . In the flapless group , 1 flap had to be raised to control the direction of the bur and 1 implant did not reach the planned primary stability and was treated as belonging to the conventional group . After 3 years no dropouts or failures occurred . There was no statistically significant difference for complications ; however , patients in the conventional group had significantly more postoperative edema and pain and consumed more analgesics than those in the flapless group . Osstell values were significantly higher at baseline in the flapless group ( P = .033 ) . When comparing baseline data with years 1 , 2 , and 3 within each group , mean Osstell values of the flapless group did not increase , whereas there were statistically significant increases in the Periotest values . CONCLUSIONS Implants can be successfully placed flapless and loaded immediately without compromising success rates ; the procedure decreases treatment time and patient discomfort This study was design ed to compare the results of immediate and delayed loading of implants with implant-retained m and ibular overdentures . Ten patients ( test group ) received 40 Brånemark System MKII implants ( 4 per patient ) placed in the interforaminal area of the m and ible . St and ard abutments were immediately screwed to the implants , rigidly connected with a bar , and immediately loaded with an overdenture . Ten patients ( control group ) received the same type and number of implants in the same area , but the implants were left to heal submerged . Four to 8 months later , st and ard abutments were screwed to the implants and the same prosthetic procedure was applied . Each implant was evaluated at the time of prosthetic loading and at 6 , 12 , and 24 months after the initial prosthetic load with the following parameters : modified Plaque Index ( MPI ) , modified Bleeding Index ( MBI ) , probing depth ( PD ) , and Periotest . Peri-implant bone resorption was evaluated on panoramic radiographs taken 12 and 24 months after initial prosthetic loading . No significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding MPI , MBI , Periotest , peri-implant bone resorption , and PD at 6 and 24 months ( P > .05 ) . The only difference was found regarding PD values on the mesial and lingual sites at 12 months ( P < .05 ) . The cumulative success rate of implants was 97.5 % in both groups . Results from this study showed that immediate loading of endosseous implants rigidly connected with a U-shaped bar does not seem to have any detrimental effect on osseointegration . Conversely , this method significantly shortens the duration of treatment with relevant satisfaction for the patients The aim of this study was to compare the success rates after 1 and 2 years of conventionally and early loaded pairs of unsplinted ITI implants supporting m and ibular overdentures in edentulous patients . Twenty-four participants ( age range 55 - 80 years ) were r and omly allocated with maximum concealment to two treatment groups . In the first group , the implants were allowed to heal for 12 weeks before being functionally loaded ( control ) and the second group had 6 weeks of healing with identical loading . All participants had new conventional complete maxillary and m and ibular dentures prior to the study . Two s and blasted large-grit acid-etched ( SLA ) surface ITI implants were placed in the m and ibular interforaminal area , following a st and ardized nonsubmerged surgical protocol . After 6 or 12 weeks of healing , matrices were processed into the fitting surface of the pre-existing m and ibular dentures and the implants loaded . Implant success was determined using mobility tests and radiographs taken at baseline and 52 and 104 weeks after surgery . Clinical peri-implant parameters were also documented . Results showed all implants successfully osseointegrated , according to accepted criteria , after 2 years . Mean loss of crestal bone height after 1 year was 0.35 + /- 0.22 mm ( control ) vs. 0.27 + /- 0.18 mm ( test ) . After 2 years this reduced to 0.09 + /- 0.06 mm ( control ) vs. 0.12 + /- 0.17 mm ( test ) . The mean Periotest value after 1 year was -4.9 ( control ) vs.-3.78 ( test ) . After 2 years , the mean resonance frequency value for the control implants was 6797 Hz [ mean implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) = 64.77 ] and for the test implants 6670 Hz ( mean ISQ = 62.0 ) . Shortened loading periods for these ITI implants did not cause any statistically significant differences in osseointegration or peri-implant parameters . We conclude that pairs of unsplinted SLA-surface ITI implants can be successfully loaded with m and ibular overdentures 6 weeks after surgery BACKGROUND Step-wise reduction in loading protocol s is necessary to evaluate early loading of implants with m and ibular overdentures . PURPOSE To compare the success rates of two different dental implant systems following conventional or early loading protocol s in patients being rehabilitated with m and ibular overdentures . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-eight edentulous participants were r and omly allocated to two different implant systems : one with a machined titanium implant surface ( Sterioss , Nobel Biocare , Yorba Linda , California , USA ) and the other with a roughened titanium surface ( Southern Implants , Irene , South Africa ) . For each system , the participants were further divided into control groups , in whom m and ibular implant overdentures and their respective matrices were inserted following a st and ard 12-week healing period , and test groups , in whom a 6-week healing period was followed prior to identical loading . Two unsplinted implants to support implant overdentures were placed in the anterior m and ible of all participants , using a st and ardized one-stage surgical procedure . Mobility tests and marginal bone levels , as well as peri-implant parameters , were evaluated at each baseline and 52 and 104 weeks after surgery . RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the success rates of the two systems in either control or test groups . At the 2-year evaluation , a success rate was found of 87.5 % and 70.8 % for the control and test Sterioss groups , respectively , and 83.3 % and 100 % for the control and test Southern Implants groups were observed . For the Sterioss groups , eight implants were lost at an early stage : seven in the test group and one in the control group . For the Southern Implants control and test groups , no failures were seen at any time interval . There were no significant differences in marginal bone loss , Periotest values , and peri-implant parameters between implant systems or between any of the control or test groups . CONCLUSIONS Early loading , with step-wise reductions in loading protocol s , of unsplinted machined Sterioss and roughened Southern Implants fixtures with m and ibular overdentures is possible for up to 2 years The aim of this r and omized controlled clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of implants placed with a flapless procedure and restored immediately ( test group ) or early ( 6 weeks ) ( control group ) in partially edentulous patients up to 1 year after loading . Both groups were nonocclusally loaded . Ten patients were included in each group . No patients dropped out and no failures were recorded . Two complications occurred in the early loading group , but both were resolved . It can be concluded that the use of a flapless technique for placing implants in conjunction with nonocclusal immediate loading in select patients can provide excellent clinical results . These preliminary findings should be confirmed by larger r and omized clinical trials OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two non-splinted implants used as retention for a m and ibular overdenture when applying conventional or early loading protocol s. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty edentulous patients were treated with two unsplinted and non-submerged implants ( 15 mm long , TiUnite RP , Brånemark System ) in the anterior m and ible . The patients were r and omly allotted into two groups : ( i ) test group ( Group A ) , in which the overdenture was connected 1 week after surgery , and ( ii ) control group ( Group B ) , in which the overdenture was connected after 12 weeks of healing . Resonance frequency analyses ( RFA ) for implant stability measurements were performed at implant surgery and after 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months . Marginal bone levels were evaluated at implant surgery and after 6 and 12 months . RESULTS No implant from either group was lost and all implants showed less than 1 mm of marginal bone resorption during the first year . The mean implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) values at implant surgery were 76.2+/-2.8 for Group A and 75.6+/-4.5 for Group B. The 12-month measurements showed 76.4+/-2.5 ISQ and 76.4+/-2.8 ISQ for Groups A and B , respectively . There were no statistically significant changes between or within the groups with time . There were no differences in marginal bone loss , which was on average 0.3 mm for both groups after 1 year . CONCLUSION Although a limited number of patients were followed for 1 year only , the results of the present study indicate that early loading of two unsplinted 15 mm long implants with an overdenture does not negatively affect implant stability or marginal bone conditions when compared with implants subjected to 12 weeks of healing before loading PURPOSE This study evaluated the survival parameters of  single-tooth implants  through clinical and radiographic analysis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Implants were restored within a 24-hour period with a provisional crown design ed to receive an occlusal masticatory load . This approach was compared to implants restored after a healing period ( the control group ) . Forty-six implants were placed in 23 patients who were each treated with 2 Frialit-2 implants placed in sites between the second premolar in the maxilla or m and ible . The manufacturer 's recommended formal surgical procedure was followed , and primary stability was st and ardized with a minimum insertion torque of 20 Ncm . The sites were r and omly selected , and the clinical and radiographic parameters were st and ardized with individual templates . RESULTS Data were collected at 24 h , and at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months . The experimental group included 10 failed implants ; 9 of the failed implants had been placed with an insertion torque of 20 Ncm . One implant from the control group failed during the 24-month follow-up period . The survival rate was independent of implant length , site position , and bone quality and quantity . Relative risk for implant failure was associated with insertion torque ( relative risk 0.79 [ CI : 0.66 - 0.930 ] ; Cox regression ) ( P < or = .007 ) , in the experimental group but was not significant for those in the control group ( ie , implants placed after a healing period ; relative risk 0.78 [ CI : 0.34 - 1.78 ] ; Cox regression ) ( P < or = .057 ) . To achieve osseointegration , it was found that an insertion torque above 32 Ncm was necessary ( chi2= 15.68 ; P < or = .004 ) . DISCUSSION A careful evaluation is necessary for a better underst and ing of the survival rates of immediately loaded implants . In this study , insertion torque was associated with the potential for risk , which can be decreased by 20 % per 9.8 Ncm added . CONCLUSION Given these results , and considering the number of patients treated , immediate provisional crowns should only be proposed with early loading if an appropriate initial insertion torque has been applied UNLABELLED The aim of this 1-year prospect i ve controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of early loading of ITI solid screw titanium implants with a s and blasted and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface on clinical and radiographic parameters . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-seven consecutively admitted patients presenting bilateral edentulous posterior m and ibular areas and in need of prosthetic reconstruction were recruited . Sixty-seven ITI st and ard solid screw implants with an SLA surface , a diameter of 4.1 mm and a length of 8 , 10 or 12 mm were installed bilaterally in molar and premolar areas according to a one-stage surgical protocol . One week ( test ) and 5 weeks ( control ) after implant placement , solid ITI prosthetic abutments were connected using a torque of 35 N cm . No provisional restoration 
    Output:
    
It is possible to successfully load dental implants immediately or early after their placement in selected patients , although not all clinicians may achieve optimal results .
A high degree of primary implant stability ( high value of insertion torque ) seems to be 1 of the prerequisites for a successful immediate/early loading procedure .