***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: A prospect i ve study of patients with chronic low-back pain was made to determine the significance of the patient 's own prediction of the outcome of a vocational rehabilitation program .  Fifty-two patients were screened , and their work situation determined one and 4 years after the rehabilitation program was started . The patients predicted the outcome correctly in 69 % , with a sensitivity of 68 % and a specificity of 71 % . A statistically significant correlation was found between the patient 's prediction and the recommendations given by the rehabilitation unit OBJECTIVE There is accumulating evidence to indicate that the illness representations of significant others are important for underst and ing patients ' responses to chronic disease . The aims of the present study were to ( a ) assess the illness representations of patients with type 2 diabetes and their partners , ( b ) determine the extent of agreement between patient and partner representations , and ( c ) examine whether partners ' representations mediate the relationships between patients ' representations and their prospect i ve self-management behaviors . METHODS Patients ' and partners ' representations of diabetes were assessed with the Revised Illness Perception Question naire [ Moss-Morris R , Weinman J , Petrie K , Horne R , Cameron LD , Buick , D. The revised illness perception question naire ( IPQ-R ) . Psychol Health 2002;17:116 ] at baseline ( n=164 ) . Self-management behaviors were assessed 12 months later with  self-report measures of physical activity , medication , and a food frequency question naire . RESULTS Patients scored lower on the illness coherence dimension , indicating that they reported a poorer underst and ing of the condition ( t=-2.66 , df=163 , P=.009 ) relative to their partners . Patients demonstrated higher scores for personal control than their partners ( t=2.01 , df=163 , P=.046 ) . Mediational analyses indicated that partners ' perceived timeline of diabetes partially mediated the relationship between patients ' representations and their self-management behaviors including physical activity and dietary intake . In addition , partners ' personal control representations partially mediated the relationship between patients ' representations and physical activity . CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that patient-partner dyads generally share similar representations of type 2 diabetes and perceived control over the condition . Furthermore , there was evidence that partners ' representations partially mediated the relationships between patients ' representations and their prospect i ve self-management behaviors Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep are presumed to play an important mediating role in perpetuating insomnia . The present study evaluated the impact of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for insomnia on sleep-related beliefs and attitudes and the relationship between those changes and sleep improvements . The participants were older adults with chronic and primary insomnia . They received cognitive-behavior therapy ( CBT ) , pharmacotherapy ( PCT ) , combined CBT+PCT ( COMB ) , or a medication placebo ( PLA ) . In addition to daily sleep diaries and sleep laboratory measures , the participants completed the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale ( DBAS ) at baseline and posttreatment , and at 3- , 12- and 24-month follow-up assessment s. The results showed that CBT and COMB treatments produced greater improvements of beliefs and attitudes about sleep at posttreatment than PCT and PLA . Reductions of DBAS scores were significantly correlated with improvements of sleep efficiency as measured by daily sleep diaries and by polysomnography . In addition , more adaptive beliefs and attitudes about sleep at posttreatment were associated with better maintenance of sleep improvements at follow-ups . These findings highlight the importance of targeting sleep-related beliefs and attitudes in the treatment of insomnia Medication noncompliance occurs among as many as one-third to one-half of all medical and psychiatric out patients . Noncompliance has serious consequences for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia , often result ing in higher rates of relapse and rehospitalization , and poorer community adjustment .  Health education interventions have been shown to be effective in promoting compliance among patients with chronic medical illnesses such as hypertension or diabetes , but there have been few r and omized trials of this approach among patients with chronic psychiatric disorders . This paper presents the results of an application of health education among a group of male psychiatric out patients . Two interventions were developed which used health education techniques to 1 ) engage families or significant others as active participants in the aftercare process , and 2 ) train patients to become effective health care consumers . A total of 418 individuals participated in a six-month trial over a four-year study . Both interventions significantly improved medication compliance among those who received them . The results show that comparatively brief interventions can significantly alter medication compliance behavior and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic psychiatric disorders Although alcohol use disorders ( AUDs ) adversely affect women , research on efficacious treatments for women is limited . In this r and omized efficacy trial of 102 heterosexual women with AUDs , the authors compared alcohol behavioral couple therapy ( ABCT ) and alcohol behavioral individual therapy ( ABIT ) on percentage of days abstinent ( PDA ) and percentage of days of heavy drinking ( PDH ) over 6 months of treatment and 12 months of posttreatment follow-up . Baseline relationship functioning and comorbid disorders were tested as moderators of outcome . Piecewise linear growth models were used to model outcomes . During treatment , women increased their PDA and decreased their PDH , with significantly greater improvements in ABCT  than in  ABIT  ( d = 0.59 for PDA ; d = 0.79 for PDH ) . Differences favoring  ABCT  were maintained during follow-up . Women with poorer baseline relationship functioning improved more on PDA during treatment with ABCT  than with ABIT  . For PDH , results during treatment and follow-up favored  ABCT  for women with better baseline relationship functioning . ABCT  result ed in better outcomes than  ABIT  for women with Axis I disorders at the end of follow-up ( PDA ) , and for women with Axis II disorders at the end of treatment ( PDA ) and at the end of follow-up ( PDH ) 
    Output:
    
Consistent evidence was found that SOs ’ positive and encouraging attitudes regarding work participation , encouragement and motivating behaviour and open communication with patients are facilitators for work participation .
Consistently reported barriers were SOs ’ positive attitudes towards sickness absence and advise , encouragement or pressure to refrain from work .
Conclusions Our findings show that several cognitions and behaviours of SOs can facilitate or hinder work participation of individuals with a chronic disease .
Intervening on these factors by involving SOs in disability prevention and return to work intervention strategies may be beneficial .