***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: PURPOSE / OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of two adapted scales , one for functional status and one for peripheral neuropathy secondary to neurotoxic chemotherapy . DESIGN Repeated measures method ologic design conducted within a Gynecologic Oncology Group ( GOG ) phase III clinical trial that r and omly assigned patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide or cisplatin and paclitaxel .  SETTING 8 GOG institutions participating in the GOG clinical trial . SAMPLE 88 evaluable out patients enrolled in the GOG clinical trial . Sample size at time 1 ( T1 ) was 88 patients and at time 2 ( T2 ) was 67 patients . METHODS All scales were administered at T1 ( prior to initiation of chemotherapy ) and T2 ( after six cycles of chemotherapy but prior to second-look laparotomy ) . Internal consistency reliability , criterion validity , and construct validity were evaluated , and clinical application was explored . MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Self-reported peripheral neuropathy and functional status ( comprised of physical function and role function subscales ) , the GOG performance status scale , and the GOG toxicity criteria . FINDINGS Reliability coefficients at T1 were physical function = 0.83 , role function = 0.96 , and peripheral neuropathy = 0.91 ; at T2 , they were physical function = 0.83 , role function = 0.92 , and peripheral neuropathy = 0.89 . At T1 , physical function and role function correlated positively with performance status . Peripheral neuropathy correlated positively with GOG toxicity criteria used at T2 . Principal component factor analysis suggested that the functional status scale had a two-factor structure with factors representing general and specific mobility and that the peripheral neuropathy scale also had a two-factor structure with factors representing foot and h and neuropathy . CONCLUSIONS The physical function , role function , and peripheral neuropathy scales have internal consistency , reliability , criterion validity , and construct validity . However , revision of the scales should address modification of specific questions and consider increasing the Likert scale from a four-point to a five- or seven-point scale to enhance clinical sensitivity and application . IMPLICATION S FOR NURSING With minor modifications , these scales should be useful in assessing physical function , role function , and peripheral neuropathy in patients who receive agents that may cause peripheral neuropathy Goals The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and validity of a newly developed patient-based instrument — the  Patient Neurotoxicity Question naire (PNQ)—for grading chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ( CIPN ) . Patients and methods We prospect ively collected data from 300 female patients who were treated with taxane chemotherapy for primary breast cancer as part of a national multicenter phase III r and omized trial ( N-SAS BC 02 ) . We evaluated patient compliance with the PNQ and several validation parameters , including concordance between CIPN grade s noted by physicians ( National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria ) and patients ( PNQ ) , and the concurrent validity and responsiveness of the PNQ versus the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity ( FACT/GOG-Ntx ) utilizing data at pre-treatment and before three , five , and seven treatment cycles . Main results The question naire completion rate was > 90 % at all assessment s. Evaluation by physicians always result ed in lower neuropathy assessment scores compared with those reported directly by patients ( weighted kappa coefficients , 0.02–0.06 ) . Both PNQ sensory and motor scores were significantly correlated with the FACT/GOG-Ntx ( r = 0.66 and 0.51 , respectively ) . In the repeated measures analysis of variance model , PNQ grade s increased considerably as treatment continued , indicating progressively worsening CIPN over time . Conclusions The PNQ has an applicable degree of feasibility and validity , useful for the diagnosis of CIPN as well as for clinical treatment decision-making , where the development of CIPN is a potential treatment-limiting consideration . Physicians underreport and underestimate the severity of CIPN symptoms compared with patients , thereby supporting the importance of assessing patient-reported outcomes using the PNQ PURPOSE Information about symptomatic toxicities of anticancer treatments is not based on direct report by patients , but rather on reports by clinicians in trials . Given the potential for under-reporting , our aim was to compare reporting by patients and physicians of six toxicities ( anorexia , nausea , vomiting , constipation , diarrhea , and hair loss ) within three r and omized trials . PATIENTS AND METHODS In one trial , elderly patients with breast cancer received adjuvant chemotherapy ;  in two trials , patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer received first-line treatment .  Toxicity was prospect ively collected by investigators ( grade d by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [ version 2.0 ] or Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [ version 3 ] ) . At the end of each cycle , patients completed the  European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality -of-life question naires , including toxicity-related symptom  items . Possible answers were " not at all , " " a little , " " quite a bit , " and " very much . " Analysis was limited to the first three cycles . For each toxicity , agreement between patients and physicians and under-reporting by physicians ( ie , toxicity reported by patients but not reported by physicians ) were calculated . RESULTS Overall , 1,090 patients ( 2,482 cycles ) were included .  Agreement between patients and physicians was low for all toxicities . Toxicity rates reported by physicians were always lower than those reported by patients . For patients who reported toxicity ( any severity ) , under-reporting by physicians ranged from 40.7 % to 74.4 % . Examining only patients who reported " very much " toxicity , under-reporting by physicians ranged from 13.0 % to 50.0 % . CONCLUSION Subjective toxicities are at high risk of under-reporting by physicians , even when prospect ively collected within r and omized trials . This strongly supports the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes into toxicity reporting in clinical trials Purpose Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ( CIPN ) is increasing with introduction of new and combination cancer pharmacotherapies . This study evaluated associations between clinical and self-report measurements and  current perception threshold ( CPT ) , a neuroselective measure of sensory nerve function that may detect asymptomatic CIPN damage . Methods Data for this secondary analysis were from a prospect i ve , observational study using CPT to evaluate CIPN . Bivariate mixed models , accounting for the intraclass correlation between repeated patient assessment s , were used to assess the relationship between CPT at each frequency ( 5 , 250 , and 2,000 Hz ) and each subjective measure ( Neuropathic Pain Scale , FACT-GOGntx ) and objective measurement ( quantitative sensory testing , deep tendon reflexes , and grip strength ) . Results A total of 29 chemotherapy-naïve subjects with various cancer types had a mean age of 56.7 ( SD 10.4 ) ; nine subjects developed CIPN grade > 1 using NCI CTC-AE criteria . Cold detection thresholds were inversely associated with CPT 5 [ b(95 % CI ) = −2.5(−4.5 , −0.5 ) ] and CPT 2,000 [ −7.5(−11.8 , −3.3 ) ] frequencies . FACT GOG-ntx quality of life ( QoL ) scale and neurotoxicity and function subscales were inversely associated with CPT 2,000 [ −1.8 ( −3.5 , −0.05 ) , −2.2 ( −4.2 , −0.2 ) , and −5.4 ( −9.8 , −0.9 ) , respectively ] , indicating worsening QoL , impairment , and function as hypoesthesia increases . Conclusions CPT 2,000 may identify impending worsening of patient-reported outcomes such as Objective : To determine the validity and reliability of the  total neuropathy score ( TNS ) in normal subjects and in subjects with diabetic polyneuropathy . Background : Clinical research in peripheral neuropathy requires vali date d outcome measures . Multiple outcome measures have been used in clinical trials , including symptom measures , functional scales , quantitative clinical examinations , nerve conduction studies , computerized sensory examinations , and nerve biopsy . Each of these measures has its strengths and weaknesses . In two previous studies of toxic neuropathy from chemotherapeutic agents , the authors used the TNS as the outcome measure . The TNS combines information obtained from grading of symptoms , signs , nerve conduction studies , and quantitative sensory tests , and provides a single measure to quantify neuropathy . Methods : The authors measured the inter- and intrarater reliability of the TNS and preformed a cross-sectional validation study of the TNS and its subscales with the Mayo Clinic measures of neuropathy , neuropathy symptom score ( NSS ) , and the neurologic impairment score ( NIS ) in five healthy control subjects and 30 individuals with varying severities of diabetic polyneuropathy . Results : Inter- and intrarater reliability of the TNS  was excellent ( 0.966 and 0.986 respectively ) . The cross-sectional validation study showed excellent correlations among all measures of neuropathy . Conclusions : The total neuropathy score is a vali date d measure of peripheral nerve function and could be used as an end point for clinical trials of peripheral neuropathy The purpose of this study was to vali date the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group — Neurotoxicity ( FACT/GOG-Ntx ) question naire . The FACT/GOG-Ntx is the FACT-G plus an eleven-item subscale ( Ntx subscale ) that evaluates symptoms and concerns associated specifically with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy . Two groups of women with ovarian cancer completed the FACT/GOG-Ntx : one group with known neurotoxicities and one group of chemotherapy-naive women newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer .  Levels of patient neuropathy , severity of toxicity , and patient quality of life from diagnosis of ovarian cancer to 12 months post-diagnosis were assessed . The Ntx subscale significantly differentiated the two groups at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-ups , demonstrating significantly fewer problems among chemotherapy-naive patients than among patients with known neuropathy . The FACT/GOG-Ntx is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the impact of neuropathy on health-related quality of life . The Ntx subscale demonstrated sensitivity to meaningful clinical distinctions and change over time IMPORTANCE Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ( CIPN ) is a common adverse effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy result ing in pain , sensory loss , and decreased quality of life . Few studies have prospect ively examined the relationship between sensory neuropathy symptoms , falls , and fall-related injuries for patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy .  OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the symptoms of CIPN and the risk of falls for patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy .  DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS In this secondary analysis of a prospect i ve study , 116 patients with breast , ovarian , or lung cancer who were beginning neurotoxic chemotherapy with a taxane or platinum agent were recruited from oncology clinics . These patients would call a novel automated telephone system daily for 1 full course of chemotherapy . The telephone system ( SymptomCare@Home ) used a series of relevant CIPN questions to track symptoms on a 0 to 10 ordinal scale and contained a question naire about falls . Those reporting a numbness and tingling severity score of 3 or greater for at least 10 days were considered to have significant CIPN symptoms and were compared with those patients who did not . Data analysis was performed in November 2015 . EXPOSURE Chemotherapy with a neurotoxic taxane or platinum agent . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Patient-reported falls or near falls and fall-related injuries . The hypothesis was generated after data collection but prior to data analysis . RESULTS Of the 116 patients who started neurotoxic chemotherapy ( mean [ SD ] age was 55.5 [ 11.9 ] years , and 109 [ 94.0 % ] were female ) , 32 met the predetermined criteria for CIPN symptoms . The mean duration of follow-up was 62 days , with 51 telephone calls completed per participant . Seventy-four falls or near falls were reported . The participants with CIPN symptoms were nearly 3 times more likely to report a fall or near fall than the participants without CIPN symptoms ( hazard ratio , 2.67 [ 95 % CI , 1.62 - 4.41 ] ; P < .001 ) . The participants with CIPN symptoms were more likely than the participants without CIPN symptoms to obtain medical care for falls ( 8 of 32 participants with CIPN symptoms [ 25.0 % ] vs 6 of 84 participants without CIPN symptoms [ 7.1 % ] ; P = .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that the sensory symptoms of CIPN are an indicator of an increased risk of falling and an increased use of health care re sources . This study demonstrates the utility of a novel telephone-based system to track neuropathy symptoms . Careful monitoring and coaching of patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy  for 
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No consensus was generated regarding the best overall CIPN assessment , although good ( ≥70 % ) consensus was achieved regarding the best assessment within each criterion .
Conclusions A diverse range of CIPN assessment s currently exists .