***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : The principal objective of the present work was to examine the effects of mind state ( mind-w and ering vs. on-task ) on driving performance in a high-fidelity driving simulator . Background : Mind-w and ering is thought to interfere with goal -directed thought . It is likely , then , that when driving , mind-w and ering might lead to impairments in critical aspects of driving performance . In two experiments , we assess the extent to which mind-w and ering interferes with responsiveness to sudden events , mean velocity , and headway distance . Method : Using a car-following procedure in a high-fidelity driving simulator  , participants were probed at r and om times to indicate whether they were on-task at that moment or mind-w and ering . The dependent measures were analyzed based on the participant ’s response to the probe . Results : Compared to when on-task , when mind-w and ering participants showed longer response times to sudden events , drove at a higher velocity , and maintained a shorter headway distance . Conclusion : Collectively , these findings indicate that mind-w and ering affects a broad range of driving responses and may therefore lead to higher crash risk . Application : The results suggest that situations that are likely associated with mind-w and ering ( e.g. , route familiarity ) can impair driving performance Task unrelated thought ( TUT ) refers to thought directed away from the current situation , for example a daydream . Three experiments were conducted on healthy participants , with two broad aims . First , to contrast distributed and encapsulated views of cognition by comparing the encoding of categorical and r and om lists of words ( Experiments One and Two ) . Second , to examine the consequences of experiencing TUT during study on the subsequent retrieval of information ( Experiments One , Two , and Three ) . Experiments One and Two demonstrated lower levels of TUT and higher levels of word-fragment completion whilst encoding categorical relative to r and om stimuli , supporting the role of a distributed re source in the maintenance of TUT . In addition the results of all three experiments suggested that experiencing TUT during study had a measurable effect on subsequent retrieval . TUT was associated with increased frequency of false alarms at retrieval ( Experiment One ) . In the subsequent experiments TUT was associated with no advantage to retrieval based on re collection , by manipulating instructions at encoding ( Experiment Two ) , and /or at retrieval ( Experiment Three ) . The implication s of the results of all three experiments are discussed in terms of recent accounts of memory retrieval and conscious awareness Previous studies have found that mindfulness training reduces overgeneral memories and increases autobiographical memory specificity ( e.g. , [ Williams , J. M. G. , Teasdale , J. D. , Segal , Z. V. , & Soulsby , J. ( 2000 ) . Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 , 150 - 155 ] ) . However , little work has investigated the mechanisms underlying this effect . The present study explored the role of executive processes as a mediator of MBCT effects in an unselected sample .  An autobiographical memory task , a cognitive inhibition task , a motor inhibition task , a cognitive flexibility task and a motor flexibility task  were administered before and after intervention . Compared to matched controls , MBCT participants showed increased autobiographical memory specificity , decreased overgenerality , and improved cognitive flexibility capacity and capacity to inhibit cognitive prepotent responses . Mediational analyses indicated that changes in cognitive flexibility partially mediate the impact of MBCT on overgeneral memories . Results are discussed in terms of Conway 's [ 2005 . Memory and the self . Journal of Memory and Language , 53 , 594 - 628 ] autobiographical memory model 
    Output:
    
The results of the review suggest that mindfulness may be particularly useful for preventing distracted driving .