***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Summary Aims / objectives : In the BESIDE study , combination therapy ( antimuscarinic [ solifenacin ] and β3‐adrenoceptor agonist [ mirabegron ] ) improved efficacy over solifenacin monotherapy without exacerbating anticholinergic side effects in overactive bladder ( OAB ) patients ; however , a potential synergistic effect on the cardiovascular ( CV ) system requires investigation . Methods OAB patients remaining incontinent despite daily solifenacin 5 mg during 4‐week single‐blind run‐in , were r and omised 1:1:1 to double‐blind daily combination ( solifenacin 5 mg/mirabegron 25 mg , increasing to 50 mg after week 4 ) , solifenacin 5 or 10 mg for 12 weeks . CV safety assessment s included frequency of CV‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) , change from baseline in vital signs ( systolic blood pressure [ SBP ] , diastolic blood pressure [ DBP ] , pulse rate ) and electrocardiogram ( ECG ) parameters . Results The frequency of hypertension , tachycardia and ECG QT prolongation , respectively , was low and comparable across combination ( 1.1 % , 0.3 % , 0.1 % ) , solifenacin 5 mg ( 0.7 % , 0.1 % , 0.1 % ) , and solifenacin 10 mg groups ( 0.8 % , 0 % , 0.1 % ) . Adjusted mean ( SE ) change from baseline to end of treatment ( EoT ) in SBP , DBP , and pulse rate with combination ( 0.07 mm Hg [ 0.38 ] , −0.35 mm Hg [ 0.26 ] , 0.47 bpm [ 0.28 ] ) , solifenacin 5 mg ( −0.93 mm Hg [ 0.38 ] , −0.45 mm Hg [ 0.26 ] , 0.43 bpm [ 0.28 ] ) and solifenacin 10 mg ( −1.28 mm Hg [ 0.38 ] , −0.48 mm Hg [ 0.26 ] , 0.27 bpm [ 0.28 ] ) was generally comparable , with the exception of a mean treatment difference of ~1 mm Hg in SBP between combination and solifenacin monotherapy ; SBP was unchanged with combination and decreased with solifenacin monotherapy . Mean changes from baseline to EoT in ECG parameters were generally similar across treatment groups , except for QT interval corrected using Fridericia 's formula , which was higher with solifenacin 10 mg ( 3.30 mseconds ) vs. combination ( 0.49 mseconds ) and solifenacin 5 mg ( 0.77 mseconds ) . Conclusion The comparable frequency of CV‐related TEAEs , changes in vital signs and ECG parameters indicates no synergistic effect on CV safety outcomes when mirabegron and solifenacin are combined AIM To evaluate the urodynamic effects , therapeutic efficacy and safety of solifenacin versus tolterodine treatment for women with overactive bladder syndrome . METHODS Patients were r and omized to receive either solifenacin 5 mg or tolterodine ER 4 mg once a day for 12 weeks at each four-week visit in a post-marketing study . Only women ( solifenacin [ n = 26 ] vs. tolterodine [ n = 22 ] ) were included in this subgroup analysis . Adverse events and changes of urodynamic values and clinical data were compared between the solifenacin and tolterodine groups . RESULTS The volume voided per micturition increased in the solifenacin group ( n = 21 ) ( P = 0.04 ) . The strong desire to void and pad-test result improved in the tolterodine group ( n = 21 ; P = 0.02 and 0.03 , respectively ) . There were no between-group differences in changes of any urodynamic data , voiding diary values or adverse events after treatment ; however , changes of heart rate differed between the two groups ( P = 0.0004 ) , especially at visit 2 ( solifenacin vs. tolterodine , -4.3 vs. 3.8 , P = 0.02 ) and visit 3 ( -3.2 vs. 4.8 , P = 0.03 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both solifenacin and tolterodine had similar urodynamic effects , therapeutic efficacy and adverse events in treating women with overactive bladder syndrome ; however , tolterodine had a greater effect in increasing heart rate than solifenacin Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerability of three classic antimuscarinic drugs used in the treatment of over active bladder syndrome using clinical data and quality of life tests , and to evaluate the parameters affecting the success of these drugs . Methods A total of 90 patients with urge urinary incontinence were r and omly allocated into three groups either to receive tolterodine ( group A ) , trospium chloride ( group B ) or oxybutynin ( group C ) . Urogenital distress inventory short form ( UDI-6 ) and Incontinence impact question naire short form ( IIQ-7 ) of the Turkish Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Association were performed to each patient before and after treatment to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of the antimuscarinic drugs . Adverse events were also recorded during treatment . Results Improved urodynamic test values were recorded after 6 weeks of treatment in each group . Similarly , statistically significant differences were observed in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 test scores before and after treatment . Complete cure was achieved in 86 % of patients in group A ; however , complete cure rates were 67 and 80 % in group B and C , respectively . Although , patients reported comparable tolerability against trospium chloride ( 77 % ) and tolterodine ( 80 % ) , only 23 % of patients using oxybutynin considered the drug as tolerable . The most common side effect was dry mouth , followed by insomnia . Both dry mouth and insomnia was highest in group C ( 50 % ) . One patient ( 0.3 % ) in group B and two patients ( 0.7 % ) in group C reported that they did not want to continue to use the drug . Conclusion Antimuscarinic medications are very successful in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence ; however , the success of treatment is not only limited to clinical improvement . Patients do not regard a drug as successful unless it is tolerable , easy to adapt to the daily life and improve the quality of life even it has very successful clinical outcomes To evaluate the potential of solifenacin 5 mg combined with mirabegron 25 or 50 mg to deliver superior efficacy compared with monotherapy , with acceptable tolerability , in the general overactive bladder ( OAB ) population with urinary incontinence ( UI ) Introduction and hypothesisThe objective of this study was to assess the tolerability and treatment preference in patients with overactive bladder ( OAB ) treated with mirabegron or tolterodine .  Methods This was a two-period , 8-week crossover , double-blind , phase IV study ( PREFER ; NCT02138747 ) in treatment-naive adults with OAB for 3 months or longer r and omized to one of four treatment sequences in a 5:5:1:1 ratio ( mirabegron/tolterodine , tolterodine/mirabegron , mirabegron/mirabegron , or tolterodine/tolterodine ) , separated by a washout period of 2 weeks . The primary endpoint was drug tolerability using the Medication Tolerability scale of the OAB Treatment Satisfaction ( OAB-S ) question naire at end of treatment ( EoT ) . Period-by-treatment interactions were analyzed to determine any effect of drug order . Patient preference , change from baseline in OAB symptoms , and treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) were assessed . Results A total of 358 r and omized patients completed the OAB-S Medication Tolerability scale question naire at one or more visits after the baseline evaluation . The mean ( 95 % CI ) OAB-S Medication Tolerability scores were significantly higher ( better tolerability ) for mirabegron ( 86.29 [ 83.50 , 89.08 ] ) than for tolterodine ( 83.40 [ 80.59 , 86.20 ] ; p = 0.004 ) . The period-by-treatment interaction was not significant ( p = 0.955 ) . Improvements in OAB-S Medication Tolerability scores at EoT were more evident in women , patients aged ≥65 years , and in patients without baseline incontinence , and were greater with mirabegron than with tolterodine extended release . There were no significant differences in patient preference or improvements in OAB symptoms . Significant differences in favor of mirabegron were observed for anticholinergic TEAEs ( 20.4 % vs. 27.4 % ; p = 0.042 ) and specifically for gastrointestinal disorders ( 14.7 % vs. 22.5 % ; p = 0.015 ) . Conclusions  Tolerability of mirabegron was significantly higher than that of tolterodine , and patient preference and improvements in OAB symptoms were comparable . Both treatments were well tolerated ; however , anticholinergic side effects were higher with tolterodine There have been concerns that treatment of overactive bladder with β3 -adrenoceptor agonists may potentially have detrimental cardiovascular ( CV ) side effects . We evaluated the CV safety of mirabegron , a β3 -adrenoceptor agonist , alone and in combination therapy with the antimuscarinic agent solifenacin . The SYNERGY trial was a multinational , multicenter , r and omized , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo and active-controlled phase 3 trial . Patients were r and omized to receive solifenacin 5 mg + mirabegron 50 mg ( combination 5 + 50 mg ) , solifenacin 5 mg + mirabegron 25 mg ( combination 5 + 25 mg ) , solifenacin 5 mg monotherapy , mirabegron 25 mg monotherapy , mirabegron 50 mg monotherapy , or placebo for a 12-week double-blind treatment period . A total of 3398 patients were included in the study .  Mean changes from baseline to the end of therapy in ECG parameters were similar across treatment groups , although there was an increase in heart rate of 1 beat/minute in the mirabegron treatment groups . There were no clinical ly meaningful differences in change from baseline in QTcF between monotherapies and placebo and between monotherapies and combination therapy . There were very few major CV events : 1 of 853 ( 0.1 % ) with a nonfatal myocardial infa rct ion in the combination 5 + 25 mg group , 2 of 848 ( 0.2 % ) with a nonfatal stroke in the combination 5 + 50 mg group , and no events in the other groups . This CV safety analysis of the combination of mirabegron and solifenacin  showed rates of CV events comparable with those for monotherapy treatments based on assessment s of vital signs , electrocardiograms , and adjudicated CV events OBJECTIVES To compare persistence with medication and the reasons for discontinuation of mirabegron or solifenacin therapy up to12 months in women with overactive bladder ( OAB ) . METHODS Female OAB patients who presented to women 's urology clinics were enrolled in a prospect i ve , r and omized , two-arm study . Patients were r and omized to receive mirabegron at 25 - 50 mg ( n = 76 ) or solifenacin at 2.5 - 5 mg ( n = 72 ) . The persistence rate and the reasons for discontinuation were investigated up to 12 months . RESULTS The 12-month persistence rate was 12.2 % in the mirabegron group versus 20.1 % in the solifenacin group and there were no significant differences of the persistence rates during the study ( n.s ) . Patients discontinued treatment because of lack of efficacy ( 21.6 % ) , spontaneous improvement ( 18.2 % ) , and side-effects ( 17.6 % ) , while 19.6 % were lost to follow up . Discontinuation due to side-effects was significantly more frequent in the solifenacin group than the mirabegron group ( 27.3 vs. 7.9 % , P < 0.05 ) . In contrast , discontinuation due to lack of efficacy was significantly more frequent in the mirabegron group than the solifenacin group ( 36.8 vs. 5.6 % , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated low persistence rates over 12 months for both mirabegron and solifenacin , although the reasons for discontinuation were somewhat different Background The PREFER study was an assessment of medication tolerability , treatment preference and symptom improvement during treatment with mirabegron ( M ) and tolterodine ( T ) extended release ( ER ) in patients with overactive bladder ( OAB ) . In this analysis of PREFER , patient-reported outcomes ( PROs ) were assessed during treatment . Methods PREFER was a two-period , 8-week crossover , double-blind , phase IV study ( NCT02138747 ) of treatment-naïve adults with OAB ≥3 months r and omized to 1 of 4 treatment sequences ( M/T ; T/M ; M/ 
    Output:
    
Solifenacin plus mirabegron improved efficacy outcomes over monotherapy with either drug , but significantly increased constipation compared with solifenacin and dry mouth compared with mirabegron .
Solifenacin  reduced incontinence over  mirabegron  and  tolterodine  and urgency episodes over tolterodine .
Mirabegron did not differ from tolterodine in efficacy but had significantly lower incidence of dry mouth than solifenacin or tolterodine .
Fesoterodine showed significant improvements but also anticholinergic effects vs. tolterodine .
Oxybutynin , solifenacin , and tolterodine had similar efficacy , but dry mouth led to greater discontinuation with oxybutynin .
Blurred vision , cardiac arrhythmia , and dizziness were uncommon .
Conclusion New evidence confirms small , but clinical ly uncertain , differences among monotherapies and also between combination and monotherapy , regardless of statistical significance .
While drugs mainly differed in incidence of dry mouth or constipation , none provided improved efficacy without increased harms