***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to evaluate our clinical experience during a 6-year period with an implantable device that augments the lower esophageal sphincter for  gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) .  The device uses magnetic sphincter augmentation ( MSA ) to strengthen the antireflux barrier . STUDY DESIGN In a single-center , prospect i ve case series , 100 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic MSA for GERD between March 2007 and February 2012 . Clinical outcomes for each patient were tracked post implantation and compared with presurgical data for esophageal pH measurements , symptom scores , and proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) use . RESULTS Median implant duration was 3 years ( range 378 days to 6 years ) . Median total acid exposure time was reduced from 8.0 % before implant to 3.2 % post implant ( p < 0.001 ) . The median GERD Health Related Quality of Life score at baseline was 16 on PPIs and 24 off PPIs and improved to a score of 2 ( p < 0.001 ) . Freedom from daily dependence on PPIs was achieved in 85 % of patients . There have been no long-term complications , such as device migrations or erosions . Three patients had the device laparoscopically removed for persistent GERD , odynophagia , or dysphagia , with subsequent resolution of symptoms . CONCLUSIONS Magnetic sphincter augmentation for GERD in clinical practice provides safe and long-term reduction of esophageal acid exposure , substantial symptom improvement , and elimination of daily PPI use . For c and i date s of antireflux surgery who have been carefully evaluated before surgery to confirm indication for MSA , MSA has become a st and ard treatment at our institution because control of reflux symptoms and pH normalization can be achieved with minimal side effects and preservation of gastric anatomy Background The techniques available for antireflux surgery have exp and ed with the introduction of the magnetic sphincter augmentation device ( MSAD ) for gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . Methods A prospect i ve , multicenter registry evaluated MSAD and laparoscopic fundoplication ( LF ) in clinical practice ( Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT01624506 ) . Data collection included baseline characteristics , reflux symptoms , proton-pump inhibitor ( PPI ) use , side effects , and complications . Post-surgical evaluations were collected at one year . Results At report , 249 patients ( 202 MSAD patients and 47 LF patients ) had completed one-year follow-up . The LF group was older and had a greater frequency of large hiatal hernias and Barrett ’s esophagus than the MSAD group ( P < 0.001 ) . The median GERD-health related quality of life score improved from 20.0 to 3.0 after MSAD and 23.0 to 3.5 after LF . Moderate or severe regurgitation improved from 58.2 to 3.1 % after MSAD and 60.0 to 13.0 % after LF ( P = 0.014 ) . Discontinuation of PPIs was achieved by 81.8 % of patients after MSAD and 63.0 % after LF ( P = 0.009 ) . Excessive gas and abdominal bloating were reported by 10.0 % of patients after MSAD and 31.9 % following LF ( P ≤ 0.001 ) . Following MSAD , 91.3 % of patients were able to vomit if needed , compared with 44.4 % of those undergoing LF ( P < 0.001 ) . Reoperation rate was 4.0 % following MSAD and 6.4 % following LF . Conclusion Antireflux surgery should be individualized to the characteristics of each patient , taking into consideration anatomy and propensity and tolerance of side effects . Both MSAD and LF showed significant improvements in reflux control , with similar safety and reoperation rates . In the treatment continuum of antireflux surgery , MSAD should be considered as a first-line surgical option in appropriately selected patients without Barrett ’s esophagus or a large hiatal hernia in order to avoid unnecessary dissection and preserve the patient ’s native gastric anatomy . MSAD is an important treatment option and will exp and the surgeon ’s role in treating GERD BACKGROUND & AIMS It is important to evaluate the long-term effects of therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . In a 12-year study , we compared the effects of therapy with omeprazole with those of antireflux surgery . METHODS This open , parallel group study included 310 patients with esophagitis enrolled from outpatient clinics in Nordic countries . Of the 155 patients r and omly assigned to each arm of the study , 154 received omeprazole ( 1 withdrew before therapy began ) , and 144 received surgery ( 11 withdrew before surgery ) . In patients who remained in remission after treatment , post-fundoplication complaints , other symptoms , and safety variables were assessed . RESULTS Of the patients enrolled in the study , 71 who were given omeprazole ( 46 % ) and 53 treated with surgery ( 37 % ) were followed for a 12-year follow-up period . At this time point , 53 % of patients who underwent surgery remained in continuous remission , compared with 45 % of patients given omeprazole with a dose adjustment ( P = .022 ) and 40 % without dose adjustment ( P = .002 ) . In addition , 38 % of surgical patients required a change in therapeutic strategy ( eg , to medical therapy or another operation ) , compared with 15 % of those on omeprazole .  Heartburn and regurgitation were significantly more common in patients given omeprazole , whereas dysphagia , rectal flatulence , and the inability to belch or vomit were significantly more common in surgical patients . The therapies were otherwise well-tolerated . CONCLUSIONS As long-term therapeutic strategies for chronic GERD , surgery and omeprazole are effective and well-tolerated . Antireflux surgery is superior to omeprazole in controlling overall disease manifestations , but post-fundoplication complaints continue after surgery BACKGROUND & AIMS Based on results from year 2 of a 5-year trial , in 2012 the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a magnetic device to augment lower esophageal sphincter function in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . We report the final results of 5 years of follow-up evaluation of patients who received this device . METHODS We performed a prospect i ve study of the safety and efficacy of a magnetic device in 100 adults with GERD for 6 months or more , who were partially responsive to daily proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) and had evidence of pathologic esophageal acid exposure , at 14 centers in the United States and The Netherl and s. The magnetic device was placed using st and ard laparoscopic tools and techniques . Eighty-five subjects were followed up for 5 years to evaluate quality of life , reflux control , use of PPIs , and side effects . The GERD-health-related quality of life ( GERD-HRQL ) question naire was administered at baseline to patients on and off PPIs , and after placement of the device ; patients served as their own controls . A partial response to PPIs was defined as a GERD-HRQL score of 10 or less on PPIs and a score of 15 or higher off PPIs , or a 6-point or more improvement when scores on vs off PPI were compared . RESULTS Over the follow-up period , no device erosions , migrations , or malfunctions occurred . At baseline , the median GERD-HRQL scores were 27 in patients not taking PPIs and 11 in patients on PPIs ; 5 years after device placement this score decreased to 4 . All patients used PPIs at baseline ; this value decreased to 15.3 % at 5 years . Moderate or severe regurgitation occurred in 57 % of subjects at baseline , but only 1.2 % at 5 years . All patients reported the ability to belch and vomit if needed . Bothersome dysphagia was present in 5 % at baseline and in 6 % at 5 years . Bothersome gas-bloat was present in 52 % at baseline and decreased to 8.3 % at 5 years . CONCLUSIONS Augmentation of the lower esophageal sphincter with a magnetic device provides significant and sustained control of reflux , with minimal side effects or complications . No new safety risks emerged over a 5-year follow-up period . These findings vali date the long-term safety and efficacy of the magnetic sphincter augmentation device for patients with GERD . Clinical Trials.gov no : NCT00776997 Abstract Background : As previously reported , the magnetic sphincter augmentation device ( MSAD ) preserves gastric anatomy and results in less severe side effects than traditional antireflux surgery . The final 5-year results of a pilot study are reported here . Patients and Methods : A prospect i ve , multicenter study evaluated safety and efficacy of the MSAD for 5 years . Prior to MSAD placement , patients had abnormal esophageal acid and symptoms poorly controlled by proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) . Patients served as their own control , which allowed comparison between baseline and postoperative measurements to determine individual treatment effect . At 5 years , gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-Health Related Quality of Life ( HRQL ) question naire score , esophageal pH , PPI use , and complications were evaluated . Results : Between February 2007 and October 2008 , 44 patients ( 26 males ) had an MSAD implanted by laparoscopy  , and 33 patients were followed up at 5 years . Mean total percentage of time with pH < 4 was 11.9 % at baseline and 4.6 % at 5 years ( P < .001 ) , with 85 % of patients achieving pH normalization or at least a 50 % reduction . Mean total GERD-HRQL score improved significantly from 25.7 to 2.9 ( P < .001 ) when comparing baseline and 5 years , and 93.9 % of patients had at least a 50 % reduction in total score compared with baseline . Complete discontinuation of PPIs was achieved by 87.8 % of patients . No complications occurred in the long term , including no device erosions or migrations at any point . Conclusions : Based on long-term reduction in esophageal acid , symptom improvement , and no late complications , this study shows the relative safety and efficacy of magnetic sphincter augmentation for GERD OBJECTIVES : Esomeprazole , the S isomer of omeprazole , has been shown to have higher healing rates of erosive esophagitis than omeprazole . This study compared esomeprazole with lansoprazole for the healing of erosive esophagitis and resolution of heartburn . METHODS : This United States multicenter , r and omized , double blind , parallel group trial was performed in 5241 adult patients ( intent-to-treat population ) with endoscopically documented erosive esophagitis , which was grade d by severity at baseline ( Los Angeles classification ) . Patients received 40 mg of esomeprazole ( n = 2624 ) or 30 mg of lansoprazole ( n = 2617 ) once daily before breakfast for up to 8 wk . The primary efficacy endpoint was healing of erosive esophagitis at week 8 . Secondary assessment s included proportion of patients healed at week 4 , resolution of investigator-recorded heartburn , time to first and time to sustained resolution of patient diary-recorded heartburn , and proportion of heartburn-free days and nights . RESULTS : Esomeprazole ( 40 mg ) demonstrated significantly higher healing rates ( 92.6 % , 95 % CI = 91.5–93.6 % ) than lansoprazole ( 30 mg ) ( 88.8 % , 95 % CI = 87.5–90.0 % ) at week 8 ( p = 0.0001 , life-table estimates , intent-to-treat analysis ) . A significant difference in healing rates favoring esomeprazole was also observed at week 4 . The difference in healing rates between esomeprazole and lansoprazole increased as baseline severity of erosive esophagitis increased . Sustained resolution of heartburn occurred faster and in more patients treated with esomeprazole . Sustained resolution of nocturnal heartburn also occurred faster with esomeprazole . Both treatments were well tolerated . CONCLUSIONS : Esomeprazole ( 40 mg ) is more effective than lansoprazole ( 30 mg ) in healing erosive esophagitis and resolving heartburn . Healing rates are consistently high with esomeprazole , irrespective of baseline disease severity 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Magnetic sphincter augmentation appears to be an effective treatment for GERD with short-term outcomes comparable to the more technically challenging and time-consuming Nissen fundoplication .