***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objectives : The purpose of this double-blind , parallel clinical study was to assess clinical efficacy in supragingival calculus formation reduction using Abhaibhubejhr Herbal Toothpaste compared to Colgate Total and Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes . Material s and Methods : A total of 150 subjects participated in the pretest phase . All subjects were given oral soft/hard tissue evaluation  , calculus examination  using  Volpe-Manhold calculus  , and whole mouth oral prophylaxis . They received noncalculus control fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times daily for 8 weeks . After which , subjects were given a test phase oral soft/hard tissue evaluation and calculus examination and were r and omized into one of the three toothpaste groups . All subjects in the test phase received a whole mouth oral prophylaxis and were given their assigned toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times a day for 12 weeks . Thereafter , subjects were assessed for their oral soft/hard tissue and calculus formation . Results : Mean Volpe-Manhold calculus index scores for the Cavity Protection , Abhaibhubejhr , and Total toothpaste groups were 0.78 , 0.62 , and 0.48 , respectively , at the 12-week test phase evaluation . Abhaibhubejhr and Total toothpaste groups show 20.51 % and 38.46 % significantly less calculus formation than the Cavity Protection toothpaste group ( P < 0.05 ) . Total toothpaste group also show 22.58 % significantly less calculus formation than the Abhaibhubejhr toothpaste group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : The use of Colgate Total toothpaste over a 12-week period was clinical ly more effective than either Abhaibhubejhr or Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes in controlling supragingival calculus formation Background : Periodontal diseases are ubiquitous , affecting all dentate animals . Regular methods for controlling it have been found to be ineffective , which have paved the way for the use of herbal products as an adjunctive to mechanical therapy as they are free to untoward effects and hence can be used for a long period of time . Ocimum sanctum is a plant which has the greater medicinal value and enormous properties for curing and preventing disease . Objective : In the present study we assessed the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum on dental plaque , gingival inflammation and comparison with gold st and ard chlorhexidine and normal saline ( placebo ) . Material s and Methods : A triple blind r and omized control trial was conducted among volunteered medical students . They were r and omly allocated into three study groups : ( 1 ) Ocimum sanctum mouthwash ( n = 36 ) ; ( 2 ) Chlorhexidine ( active control ) ( n = 36 ) ; ( 3 ) normal saline ( negative control ) ( n = 36 ) . Assessment was carried out according to plaque score and gingival score . Statistical analysis was carried out later to compare the effect of both mouthwash . ANOVA ( Analysis of variance ) and post-hoc LSD tests were performed using software package used for statistical analysis ( SPSS ) version 17 . P ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant . Results : Our result showed that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse is equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as Chlorhexidine . The results demonstrated a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and plaque indices in both groups over a period of 15 and 30 days as compared to control group . Conclusion : The results of the present study indicate that Ocimum sanctum mouthrinse may prove to be an effective mouthwash owing to its ability in decreasing periodontal indices by reducing plaque accumulation , gingival inflammation and bleeding . It has no side effect as compared to chlorhexidine OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of gel containing Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp extract ( GM gel ) applied topically as an adjunct to periodontal treatment . DESIGN Subjects who had periodontal pockets on their single-rooted teeth were r and omized into the test or control group . Subjects in the test group received periodontal treatment consisting of scaling , root planing and subgingival application of GM gel while those in the control group received scaling and root planing without GM gel application . SETTING Mahidol University , Faculty of Dentistry , Thail and . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical parameters included probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , Gingival Index ( GI ) and Plaque Index ( PI ) . Microbiological parameter included subgingival microbial composition as examined by phase contrast microscopy . RESULTS Clinical improvement compared to baseline was found in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . The test group exhibited significantly higher reduction in mean PPD , GI and BOP than the control group at the 3rd month after treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . Subgingival microbial composition changed from diseased state to that compatible with health after treatment in both groups . However , significant differences between groups were found only in the mean percentage of cocci at the 1st and 3rd month after treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS GM gel could enhance the clinical effects of periodontal treatment Background : Plaque-associated gingivitis is a prevalent disease and research in its treatment using herbal agents must be encouraged to verify which would be a useful addition to the current range or chemotherapeutic treatment options . Aims : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a mouth rinse containing 10 % Anacardium occidentale ( AO ) Linn . , a typical plant commonly found in the Northeast Region of Brazil , on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis in comparison to a gold-st and ard chemotherapeutic agent . Material s and Methods : Thirty normosystemic adult volunteers of both genders , who had a minimum of twenty natural teeth , aging between 18 and 32 years , were enrolled in this crossover , controlled , examiner-blind clinical study . They were r and omly allocated into three groups : 10 % AO Linn . ( n = 10 ) ; 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate ( CLX , n = 10 ) ; or placebo ( PB , n = 10 ) . All volunteers were instructed to brush their teeth with a fluori date d dentifrice two times a day ( 12/12 h ) and to rinse for 1 min with one of the mouthwashes ( AO , CLX , or PB ) 30 min after tooth brushing for 1 month . Plaque index ( PLI ) and gingival bleeding index ( BLI ) were recorded on days 0 and 30 . Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests ( α = 0.05 ) were performed to evaluate statistical differences among groups . Results : There was a significant reduction ( P < 0.05 ) on plaque and gingivitis at day 30 just in CLX ( [ PLI = 0.47 ± 0.16 ; -30 % ] ; [ BLI = 0.15 ± 0.09 ; -55.8 % ] ) and AO ( [ PLI = 0.49 ± 0.21 ; -31 % ] ; [ BLI = 0.13 ± 0.10 ; -56.6 % ] ) groups , but no statistically significant difference was observed among them ( P > 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Mouthwash containing 10 % AO was effective as an antiplaque and antigingivitis agent , in a similar manner that 0.12 % CLX Background : Local drug delivery agents can effectively deliver the antimicrobial drugs in bactericidal concentration , and have shown improved clinical outcomes when used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel versus herbal extracts ’ gel as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis . Material s and Methods : A total of 150 sites , age group of 30 - 50 years , periodontal pockets measuring 5 - 8 mm and diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were selected for the study . The selected sites were r and omized in five groups : Scaling and root planing ( SRP ) alone ( Group A ) , SRP + Chlosite gel ( Group B ) , SRP + Herbal gel ( Group C ) , Chlosite gel alone ( Group D ) and Herbal gel alone ( Group E ) . Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index , Gingival Index , probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and 1- and 3-month intervals . Results : After 3 months , there were statistically significant reductions in all the clinical parameters for Groups B and C compared with Group A. There was no significant reduction in all clinical parameters between Group D and E where no mechanical therapy was performed . Conclusion : The results indicate that the local application of herbal gel can be comparably used as chlorhexidine gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy Aim A double-blind r and omized controlled trial to determine whether dietary supplementation with fruit/vegetable/berry juice powder concentrates , simultaneously with non-surgical periodontal therapy , improved 2-month treatment outcomes . Methods Volunteers with chronic periodontitis were r and omly assigned to one of three groups : fruit/vegetable ( FV ) , fruit/vegetable/berry ( FVB ) or placebo . Supplements were taken daily during non-surgical debridement and maintenance and outcomes assessed at 2 , 5 and 8 months after completion . Primary outcomes were mean probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment gain , % sites bleeding on probing ( % BOP ) at 2 months . Adherence and plasma β-carotene were determined . Results Sixty-one nutritionally replete ( by serum biochemistry ) volunteers enrolled and 60 ( n = 20 per arm ) completed the 2-month review . Clinical outcomes improved in all groups at 2 months , with additional improvement in PPD versus placebo for FV ( p < 0.03 ) . Gingival crevicular fluid volumes diminished more in supplement groups than placebo ( FVB ; p < 0.05 ) at 2 months , but not at later times . The % BOP ( 5 months ) and cumulative plaque scores ( 8 months ) were lowered more in the FV group ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions Adjunctive juice powder concentrates appear to improve initial pocket depth reductions in nutritionally replete patients , where plasma micronutrient bioavailability is attainable . Definitive multicentre studies in untreated and treated patients are required to ascertain the clinical significance of such changes BACKGROUND Green tea extract is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent , consisting of polyphenols ( catechin ) with anticariogenic , anti-inflammatory , anticollagenolytic properties . Hence , in the present study , an attempt was made to develop a thermo-reversible sustained-release green tea gel and to study its clinical effects on patients with chronic periodontitis ( CP ) . METHODS Thermo-reversible sustained-release green tea catechin gel was prepared and tested for its in vitro release characteristics . An in vivo controlled , r and omized , split-mouth single-evaluator masked study was conducted . Thirty patients with two sites in the contralateral quadrants having probing depths ( PDs ) of ≥4 mm were selected . Assessment of gingival index ( GI ) , PD , and relative clinical attachment levels ( rCALs ) was done at baseline and at 4 weeks . Green tea and placebo gels were placed at test and control sites as an adjunct to Phase 1 periodontal therapy . RESULTS Comparison of the mean ± SD GI , PD , and rCAL values within the test group at baseline ( 1.92 ± 0.24 , 4.93 ± 0.58 , and 9.97 ± 0.72 , respectively ) and the end of 4 weeks ( 0.01 ± 0.04 , 2.87 ± 0.51 , and 7.87 ± 0.51 , respectively ) showed high statistical significance ( P < 0.001 ) . Comparison of mean ± SD of GI , PD , and rCAL within the control group at baseline ( 1.95 ± 0.16 , 4.77 ± 0.50 , and 9.73 ± 0.45 , respectively ) and the end of 4 weeks ( 0.16 ± 0.11 , 3.8 ± 0.48 , and 8.76 ± 0.43 , respectively ) showed significance with P < 0.001 . High significance was observed between the delta of measurements ( 0 to 4 weeks ) of GI , PD , and rCAL between test ( 1.91 ± 0.20 , 2.06 ± 0.07 , and 2.1 ± 0.21 , respectively ) and control ( 1.79 ± 0.05 , 0.97 ± 0.02 , and 0.97 ± 0.02 , respectively ) groups . CONCLUSION Adjunctive local drug therapy with thermo-reversible green tea gel has shown to reduce pockets and inflammation during the 4 weeks of the clinical trial in patients with CP BACKGROUND Certain plants used in folk medicine serve as a source of therapeutic agents that have antimicrobial and other multipotential effects . This prospect i ve , r and omized , placebo , and positively controlled clinical trial was design ed to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of a commercially available dentifrice containing aloe vera on the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis . METHODS 
    Output:
    
All studies showed that periodontal treatment in association with local phytotherapic delivery promotes a significant PPD reduction and the majority of them showed clinical attachment level gain .
The local use of phytotherapy as an adjunct to SRP may promote additional benefits in PPD reduction and clinical attachment level gain .