***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( LRYGB ) achieve similar type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) remission rates . Since a great variability exists in defining T2DM remission , an expert panel proposed partial and complete remission criteria that include the maintenance of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( A1c ) objectives for at least 1 year . The 2-year T2DM remission rate and time needed to reach it after LSG or LRYGB were compared using different remission criteria . Methods This was a prospect i ve cohort study of 55 T2DM subjects operated on with LSG ( n = 21 ) or LRYGB ( n = 34 ) . Four models for defining remission were used :  Buchwald criteria  ( FPG < 100 mg/dl or A1c < 6 % ) ,  American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) complete ( FPG < 100 mg/dl plus A1c < 6 % maintained for at least 1 year ) , ADA partial ( FPG < 125 mg/dl with A1c < 6.5 % maintained for at least 1 year ) , and ADA complete without time requirement . Results Both groups were comparable , except for higher A1c levels in the LSG group . The remission rate ranged from 43.6 % using ADA complete remission to 92.7 % with Buchwald criteria , with no differences between surgical procedures . Differences were found in the time to achieve remission only when ADA complete remission criteria ( 5.1 ± 2.9 months LRYGB and 9.0 ± 3.8 months LSG , p = 0.014 ) and ADA without time requirement criteria ( 4.9 ± 2.7 months LRYGB and 8.4 ± 3.9 months LSG , p = 0.005 ) were used . Conclusions T2DM remission rate varies widely depending on the criteria used for its definition . Remission occurred sooner after LRYGB when the strictest criteria to define remission were used Objective : To present long-term results of a large series of patients su bmi tted to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGBP ) for morbid obesity . Background : Reports on long-term results of RYGBP are scarce and focus primarily on weight loss . Our aim is to provide mid- to long-term data of RYGBP , with detailed results on weight loss , evolution of comorbidities and quality of life , also using the BAROS score . Methods : All patients who underwent a primary RYGBP for morbid obesity in our 2 hospitals between 1999 and August 2008 were included . Data were collected prospect ively in a computerized data base , and review ed for the purpose of this study . Results : A total of 379 patients were included in the analysis of long-term results , 282 women , and 97 men , with a mean BMI of 46.3 kg/m2 . After 5 years , 74.9 % of the patients achieved an excess weight loss of at least 50 % , with a mean of 62.7 % and 76.8 % achieved a BMI < 35 kg/m2 . The corresponding figures after 7 years were 64.9 , 58.1 , and 71.9 , respectively . There was a small but significant long-term weight regain . All comorbidities improved markedly in the vast majority of patients , with no significant difference between the 3- and 5-year terms . Quality of life also improved markedly , and more than 95 % of the patients had a good to excellent 5-year overall result according to the BAROS score . Conclusions : Laparoscopic RYGBP for morbid obesity results in good and maintained weight loss up to 7 years in the majority of patients , improves quality of life and markedly improves all the evaluated comorbidities , result ing in good to excellent overall 5-year results in 97 % of the patients according to the BAROS score BACKGROUND Obesity not only increases the chances of developing diabetes-one of the top causes of death in the United States-but it also results in further medical complications . OBJECTIVE To compare the 6-month and 1-year postoperative remission rates of  type 2 diabetic ( T2D ) patients after bariatric surgery  based on preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin ( A1C ) stratification and pharmacologic therapy : insulin-dependent diabetic ( IDD ) versus noninsulin-dependent diabetic ( NIDD ) . SETTING Academic hospital , United States . METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospect ively maintained data base of 186 obese patients with a diagnosis T2D who had undergone either a sleeve gastrectomy or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery at our hospital . RESULTS At 6 months ( n = 180 ) , patients who were stratified by preoperative A1C levels ( < 6.5 ; ≥6.5 to<8 ; ≥8 ) had 70.5 % , 51.7 % , and 30.0 % remission rates ( P<.001 ) and at 1 year ( n = 118 ) patients had 72.0 % , 54.0 % , and 42.8 % remission rates ( P = .053 ) , respectively . When patients were substratified by preoperative pharmacologic therapy , IDD and NIDD patients had different remission rates within the same A1C level . At 6-months follow-up within A1C ≥6.5 to<8 ( IDD versus NIDD ) , the remission rate was 23.5 % versus 64.1 % ( odds ratio [ OR ] : .173 , confidence interval [ CI ] : .0471 , .6308 , P = .0079 ) , and within A1C ≥8 the remission was 24.0 % versus 37.5 % ( OR : .5263 , CI : .2115 , 1.3096 , P = .1676 ) , respectively . At 1-year follow-up within A1C ≥6.5 to<8 , the remission rate was 30.0 % versus 62.9 % ( OR : .2521 , CI : .0529 , 1.2019 , P = .0838 ) , and within A1C ≥8 the remission was 31.4 % versus 61.9 % ( OR : .2821 , CI : .0908 , .8762 , P = .0286 ) , respectively . Furthermore , when IDD patients were compared between A1C ≥6.5 to<8 and A1C ≥8 the remission rates were nearly identical , and for NIDD patients A1C was not significantly associated with remission regardless of the level , except at 6 months . CONCLUSION While a difference was observed between overall A1C levels-the lower the A1C level , the higher the remission rate-IDD  patients had lower remission rates than NIDD patients irrespective of A1C levels ; further , IDD patients performed similarly across A1C levels Importance Sleeve gastrectomy is increasingly used in the treatment of morbid obesity , but its long-term outcome vs the st and ard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure is unknown . Objective To determine whether there are differences between sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in terms of weight loss , changes in comorbidities , increase in quality of life , and adverse events . Design , Setting , and Participants The Swiss Multicenter Bypass or Sleeve Study ( SM-BOSS ) , a 2-group r and omized trial , was conducted from January 2007 until November 2011 ( last follow-up in March 2017 ) . Of 3971 morbidly obese patients evaluated for bariatric surgery at 4 Swiss bariatric centers , 217 patients were enrolled and r and omly assigned to sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with a 5-year follow-up period . Interventions Patients were r and omly assigned to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( n = 107 ) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( n = 110 ) . Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was weight loss , expressed as percentage excess body mass index ( BMI ) loss . Exploratory end points were changes in comorbidities and adverse events . Results Among the 217 patients ( mean age , 45.5 years ; 72 % women ; mean BMI , 43.9 ) 205 ( 94.5 % ) completed the trial . Excess BMI loss was not significantly different at 5 years : for sleeve gastrectomy , 61.1 % , vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass , 68.3 % ( absolute difference , −7.18 % ; 95 % CI , −14.30 % to −0.06 % ; P = .22 after adjustment for multiple comparisons ) . Gastric reflux remission was observed more frequently after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( 60.4 % ) than after sleeve gastrectomy ( 25.0 % ) . Gastric reflux worsened ( more symptoms or increase in therapy ) more often after sleeve gastrectomy ( 31.8 % ) than after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( 6.3 % ) . The number of patients with reoperations or interventions was 16/101 ( 15.8 % ) after sleeve gastrectomy and 23/104 ( 22.1 % ) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass . Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with morbid obesity , there was no significant difference in excess BMI loss between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at 5 years of follow-up after surgery . Trial Registration clinical trials.gov Identifier : Introduction Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for obesity . A recent worldwide survey demonstrated that Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ( LSG ) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure , while Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric B and ing ( LAGB ) has been almost ab and oned . Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to compare 5-year results of LSG and LAGB at our Institution . Material s and Methods Prospect i ve maintained data base of our Institution was review ed to find all patients who had undergone LSG between January 2009 and December 2011 . Inclusion criteria were BMI of 40–50 kg/m2 and age of 18–60 years old . Patients with Class I and II obesity , superobese subjects , and patients with previous history of bariatric surgery were excluded . Data on sex , age , pre-operative BMI , obesity-related diseases ( diabetes , hypertension , dyslipidemia ) , and early and late complications were collected . Each subject who underwent LSG was matched one-to-one with a patient that had undergone LAGB . Outcomes were analyzed at 1 , 3 , and 5 years of follow-up . Results A total number of 122 patients were included in this study , 61 in each group .  Better % EWL was observed in the LSG group at 1 , 3 , and 5 years . Both procedures induced improvements of obesity-related diseases without significant difference . In the LAGB group , ten patients underwent uneventful b and removal . In the LSG group , two patients had serious postoperative complications . Conclusion LSG achieves better % EWL than LAGB within 5 years , but comorbidities improvement is not significantly different . Severity of complication is higher after LSG . LAGB is still a good option for selected patients Background Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity . It provides not only substantial weight loss , but also resolution of obesity-related comorbidities .  Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) has rapidly been gaining in popularity . However , there are limited data on the reduction of obesity-related comorbidities for LSG compared to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( LRYGB ) . The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic LSG versus LRYGB for the treatment of obesity-related comorbidities . Methods A total of 558 patients who underwent either LSG or LRYGB for morbid obesity at the Westchester Medical Center between April 2008 and September 2010 were included . Data were collected prospect ively into a computerized data base and review ed for this study . Fisher ’s exact test analyses compared 30-day , 6-month , and 1-year outcomes of obesity-related comorbidities . Results A total of 558 patients were included in the analysis of obesity-related comorbidity resolution ; 200 underwent LSG and 358 underwent LRYGB . After 1 year , 86.2 % of the LSG patients had one or more comorbidities in remission compared to 83.1 % LRYGB patients ( P = 0.688 ) . With the exception of GERD ( −0.09 vs. 50 % ; P < 0.001 ) , similar comorbidity remission rates were observed between LSG and LRYGB for sleep apnea ( 91.2 vs. 82.8 % ; P = 0.338 ) , hyperlipidemia ( 63 vs. 55.8 % ; P = 0.633 ) , hypertension ( 38.8 vs. 52.9 % ; P = 0.062 ) , diabetes 
    Output:
    
After stratifying for different criteria for remission , RYGB still tended to result in higher remission rates , but the difference was not statistically significant .
This review demonstrates important remission of T2DM following SG .
Nevertheless , as remission was significantly more often observed following RYGB surgery , the latter procedure remains the gold st and ard for reaching T2DM remission in patients with concurrent obesity