***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The present study examined the cardiovascular health effects of 16 weeks of recreational football training in untrained premenopausal women in comparison with continuous running training .  Fifty healthy women were matched and r and omized to a football ( FG , n=25 ) or a running ( RG , n=25 ) group and compared with a control group with no physical training ( CO , n=15 ) . Training was performed for 1 h twice a week . After 16 weeks , systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced ( P<0.05 ) in FG ( 7+/-2 and 4+/-1 mmHg ) and systolic blood pressure was lowered ( P<0.05 ) in RG ( 6+/-2 mmHg ) . After 16 weeks , resting heart rate was lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 5+/-1 bpm both in FG and RG , and maximal oxygen uptake was elevated ( P<0.05 ) by 15 % in FG and by 10 % in RG ( 5.0+/-0.7 and 3.6+/-0.6 mL/min/kg , respectively ) . Total fat mass decreased ( P<0.05 ) by 1.4+/-0.3 kg in FG and by 1.1+/-0.3 kg in RG . After 16 weeks , pulse pressure wave augmentation index ( -0.9+/-2.5 vs 4.2+/-2.4 % ) , skeletal muscle capillarization ( 2.44+/-0.15 vs 2.07+/-0.05 cap/fib ) and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were improved ( P<0.05 ) in FG , but not altered in RG . No changes were observed in CO . In conclusion , regular recreational football training has significant favorable effects on the cardiovascular risk profile in untrained premenopausal women and is at the least as efficient as continuous running The present study investigated whether football has favorable effects in the treatment of mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension in untrained middle-aged men . Twenty-five untrained males aged 31 - 54 year with mild-to-moderate hypertension were r and omized to a football training group ( FTG , two 1-h sessions per week ) and a control group receiving physician-guided traditional recommendations on cardiovascular risk factor modification ( doctoral advice group , DAG ) . After 3 months , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) were lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 12 + /- 3 and 7 + /- 1 mmHg in FTG , respectively , whereas no significant changes were observed for DAG , with the 3 months values being lower ( P<0.05 ) in FTG than DAG ( SBP : 138 + /- 2 vs 148 + /- 2 mmHg ; DBP : 84 + /- 2 vs 92 + /- 2 mmHg ) . The resting heart rate was lowered ( P<0.05 ) by 12 + /- 2 b.p.m . in FTG after 3 months ( 67 + /- 3 vs 79 + /- 3 b.p.m . ) , whereas no change was observed for DAG . After 3 months , FTG had higher ( P<0.05 ) VO(2max ) ( 8 + /- 2 % ; 35.0 + /- 1.6 vs 32.5 + /- 1.3 mL/min/kg ) and lower ( P<0.05 ) fat mass ( 1.7 + /- 0.6 kg ) , whereas no change was observed for DAG . In conclusion , football training is an attractive non-pharmacological supplement to the treatment of mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension in untrained middle-aged men The effects of 16 weeks of football or strength training on performance and functional ability were investigated in 26 ( 68.2 ± 3.2 years ) untrained men r and omized into a  football ( FG ; n = 9 ) , a strength training ( ST ; n = 9 ) , or a control group ( CO ; n = 8) . FG and ST trained 1.6 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 times per week , respectively , with higher ( P < 0.05 ) average heart rate ( HR ) ( ∼140 vs 100 bpm ) and time > 90%HRmax ( 17 vs 0 % ) in FG than ST , and lower ( P < 0.05 ) peak blood lactate in FG than ST ( 7.2 ± 0.9 vs 10.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L ) . After the intervention period ( IP ) , VO₂ max ( 15 % ; P < 0.001 ) , cycle time to exhaustion ( 7 % ; P < 0.05 ) , and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 performance ( 43 % ; P < 0.01 ) were improved in FG , but unchanged in ST and CO . HR during walking was 12 % and 10 % lower ( P < 0.05 ) in FG and ST , respectively , after IP . After IP , HR and blood lactate during jogging were 7 % ( P < 0.05 ) and 30 % lower ( P < 0.001 ) in FG , but unchanged in ST and CO . Sit-to-st and performance was improved ( P < 0.01 ) by 29 % in FG and 26 % in ST , but not in CO . In conclusion , football and strength training for old men  improves functional ability and physiological response to submaximal exercise , while football additionally elevates maximal aerobic fitness and exhaustive exercise performance The study examined the effects of 1 year of football or strength training on cardiovascular function in 65- to 75-year-old men . Twenty-six untrained men ( age : 68.2 ± 3.2 years ) were r and omized to football training ( FTG ; n = 9 ) , strength training ( STG ; n = 9 ) , or control ( CG ; n = 8) . In FTG , left ventricular ( LV ) internal diastolic diameter , end-diastolic volume , and mass index were 8 % , 21 % , and 18 % higher ( P < 0.01 ) , respectively , after 12 months , with no changes in STG and CG . After 12 months , LV ejection fraction was increased ( P < 0.05 ) by 8 % and 5 % in FTG and STG , respectively , and systolic longitudinal two-dimensional strain by 8 % and 6 % , whereas right ventricular systolic function improved ( P < 0.05 ) by 22 % in FTG , but not in STG and CG . In FTG , LV diastolic mitral inflow ( E/A ) ratio and peak early diastolic velocity ( E ' ) improved ( P < 0.05 ) by 25 % and 12 % , respectively , after 12 months , with no changes in STG and CG . In FTG , maximum oxygen uptake was 16 % and 18 % higher ( P < 0.001 ) after 4 and 12 months , respectively , and resting heart rate was 6 and 8 beats per minute lower ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively , with no changes in STG and CG . In conclusion , football training elicited superior cardiovascular effects  compared with strength training in elderly untrained men The present study examined the cardiac effects of football training and running for inactive pre-menopausal women by st and ard echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging . Thirty-seven subjects were r and omized to two training groups ( football : FG ; n=19 ; running ; RG ; n=18 ) training 1 h with equal average heart rates twice a week for 16 weeks and compared with a matched inactive control group ( CG ; n=10 ) . During the training period , left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased by 13 % in FG and 11 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) . Left ventricular posterior wall thickness increased in FG from 8.5+/-1.4 to 9.0+/-1.3 mm ( P<0.05 ) . Right ventricle diameter increased by 12 % in FG and 10 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) . Tissue Doppler imaging demonstrated increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic performances in both training groups . Peak systolic velocity increased by 26 % in FG and 17 % in RG ( P<0.05 ) and left ventricular longitudinal displacement increased in both groups by 13 % ( P<0.05 ) . Isovolumetric relaxation time decreased significantly more in FG than in RG ( 26 % vs 14 % , respectively P<0.05 ) . In conclusion , 16 weeks of football and running exercise training induced significant changes of cardiac dimensions and had favorable effects on both left ventricular systolic and diastolic function . These training-induced cardiac adaptations appeared to be more consistent after football training compared with running Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of soccer and Zumba among female hospital employees during a 40-week intervention period . Hospital employees ( n = 118 ) were cluster-r and omised to either a soccer group ( n = 41 ) , a Zumba group ( n = 38 ) or a control group ( n = 39 ) . Both training groups were encouraged to perform 1-h training sessions twice a week outside working hours throughout the 40 weeks . Maximal oxygen uptake ( VO2 max ) , blood pressure and body composition were measured and blood sample s collected before and after the intervention period . Using intention-to-treat analyses , the Zumba group improved VO2 max compared to the control group ( 2.2 mL · kg−1 · min−1 , 95 % CI , 0.9 , 3.5 , P = 0.001 ) , with no significant increase in the soccer group ( 1.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1 , 95 % CI , −0.2 , 2.4 , P = 0.08 ) . Both intervention groups reduced total body fat mass and fat percentage compared to the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . In the soccer group , but not the Zumba group , a significant difference in lower limb bone mineral density and bone mineral content was observed in comparison to the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . Furthermore , the soccer group , but not the Zumba group , had increased plasma osteocalcin ( 6.6 µg · L−1 , 95 % CI , 2.2 , 11.0 , P < 0.01 ) and decreased plasma leptin ( −6.6 µg · L−1 , 95 % CI , −12.5 , −0.7 , P < 0.05 ) compared to the control group . The present study suggests that workplace-initiated soccer and Zumba training comprising 1–2 sessions per week outside working hours may promote physiological health among female hospital employees BACKGROUND Questions remain as to whether higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness , a measure of regular physical activity , are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) mortality in overweight and obese individuals with diabetes . Our objective was to quantify the independent and joint relations of cardiorespiratory fitness ( hereafter , fitness ) and body mass index ( BMI ; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters ) with  CVD mortality in men with diabetes . METHODS This study was conducted using prospect i ve observational data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study . Study participants comprised 2316 men with no history of stroke or myocardial infa rct ion and who were diagnosed as having diabetes ( mean [ SD ] age , 50 [ 10 ] years ) ; had a medical examination , including a maximal exercise test during 1970 to 1997 with mortality surveillance to December 31 , 1998 ; and had a BMI of 18.5 or greater and less than 35.0 . The main outcome measure was CVD mortality across levels of fitness with stratification by BMI . RESULTS We identified 179  CVD deaths during a mean ( SD ) follow-up of 15.9 ( 7.9 ) years and 36,710 man-years of exposure . In a model containing age , examination year , fasting glucose level , systolic blood pressure , parental history of premature CVD , total cholesterol level , cigarette smoking , abnormal resting , and exercise electrocardiograms , a significantly higher adjusted risk of mortality was observed in men with a low fitness level who were normal weight ( hazard ratio , 2.7 [ 95 % confidence interval , 1.3 - 5.7 ] ) , overweight ( hazard ratio , 2.7 [ 95 % confidence interval , 1.4 - 5.1 ] ) , and class 1 obese ( hazard ratio , 2.8 [ 95 % confidence interval , 1.4 - 5.1 ] ) compared with normal weight men with a high fitness level . CONCLUSION In this cohort of men with diabetes , low fitness level was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality within normal weight , overweight , and class 1 obese weight categories This study examined the effect of 12 weeks of small-sided street soccer ( 2.2 ± 0.7 sessions/week ) and fitness center training ( 0.5 ± 0.2 sessions/week ) on physical fitness and cardiovascular health profile for homeless men . Exercise capacity , maximal oxygen uptake ( VO2max ) , body composition 
    Output:
    
Significant improvements in $ $ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max } } $ $ V˙O2max have been observed in patients with diabetes mellitus , hypertension and prostate cancer .
Conclusion Recreational soccer produces large improvements in $ $ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max } } $ $ V˙O2max compared to strength training and no exercise , regardless of the age , sex and health status of the participants .
Furthermore , recreational soccer is better than continuous endurance running , albeit the additional effect is moderate .