***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE Chemical modification to a s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) implant surface has been shown to enhance the rate of osseointegration . The goal of the present study was to examine changes in stability for implants with a chemically modified SLA surface and to compare their outcomes to those of control implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omized controlled trial was conducted with 31 patients . Each patient received 2 implants with the same physical properties but with surfaces that were chemically different . The control implants had a st and ard SLA surface , while the test implants had a chemically modified surface . Resonance frequency analysis was assessed weekly over the first 6 weeks following implant placement . RESULTS All implants proved clinical ly successful , allowing for restoration . Most implants were placed in the m and ible ( 50 of 62 ) . A shift in implant stability from decreasing stability to increasing stability ( P < .001 ) , occurred after 2 weeks for the test implants and after 4 weeks for the control implants . CONCLUSION The findings from this pilot study provide clinical support for the potential for chemical modification of the SLA surface to alter biologic events during the osseointegration process and demonstrate levels of short-term clinical success similar to those observed for implants with an SLA surface Background The aim of the study was to evaluate whether early loading of implants with a chemically modified s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) ( SLActive ® ) surface was non-inferior to conventional loading in terms of change in crestal bone level . Methods This was a r and omized , controlled , multicenter study . Patients requiring single-tooth rehabilitation in the posterior maxilla or m and ible received implants and were r and omized to receive a provisional restoration in occlusal load after 25 ± 3 days ( early loading ) or after 13 ± 1 weeks ( conventional loading ) . The primary endpoint was change in crestal bone level between implant placement ( baseline ) and 6 months . Secondary endpoints included change in crestal bone level between baseline and 12 months , implant survival and success rates , and patient satisfaction . Results Of the 84 patients enrolled , 78 received implants  and were r and omized onto the  early loading ( 41 patients ) and  conventional loading ( 37 patients ) groups . The mean change in crestal bone level between baseline and 6 months was 0.56 ± 0.58 and 0.51 ± 0.62 mm for early and conventional loading , respectively ; at 12 months , the mean change was 0.76 ± 0.60 and 0.73 ± 0.77 mm , respectively . Implant survival and success at 12 months were 100 % for both groups . Patient satisfaction was similar between the groups , except that more patients in the early loading group were satisfied or highly satisfied with the time taken for fitting . Conclusion The study demonstrated that early implant loading was non-inferior to conventional implant loading in terms of crestal bone level change in a Japanese patient population in short follow-up period and single tooth gaps in molar regions PURPOSE This article provides preliminary clinical results on the Osseotite NT implant , which was developed to simplify surgical procedure and cover an extended range of indications . Placement characteristics of NT and st and ard Osseotite implants were also compared in an in vitro study . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The in vitro placement characteristics of NT and st and ard Osseotite implants of 4.0 mm diameter and 8.5 to 15 mm in length were compared . In addition , a total of 182 NT implants ( 96 maxillary and 86 m and ibular ) were placed in 92 patients ; of these , 87.9 % were placed using a 1-stage technique . The implants were placed in healed sites ( 43.9 % ) , fresh extraction sockets ( 37.4 % ) , or recent extraction sites ( 2 months post extraction ) ( 18.7 % ) . Before restoration , healing times of 3 to 4 months in the m and ible and 5 to 6 months in the maxilla were allowed . The entered implant length in the osteotomy site before contacting the bony walls ( EILOS ) was compared , as well as the number of turns and the time required to seat the implants . Cumulative survival rates ( CSRs ) were calculated for up to 18 months of follow-up after surgery . RESULTS The EILOS was between 47.3 % and 57.6 % of implant length for the NT implants ; for the st and ard implants , it was between 12.0 % and 21.2 % . With the NT implants , the number of turns and the placement time were reduced by 61 % to 64 % and 61 % to 65 % , respectively . In the clinical study , 4 implants failed during the healing period ; none failed after prosthesis placement . The CSR was 97.79 % for implants placed into fresh or recent extraction sites ; in healed sites , the CSR was 98.75 % . The cumulative prosthetic success rate was 100 % . DISCUSSION This new implant design is seated with special drills ; the drilling sequence requires less time and less torque than that used for st and ard implants . The low failure rate after prosthetic loading was consistent with that observed for st and ard Osseotite implants . CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest that the NT implant can be predictable in healed sites and fresh or relatively recent extraction sockets PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve case series study was to evaluate the short-term success rates of  titanium screw-type implants  with a chemically modified s and -blasted and acid-etched ( mod SLA ) surface after 3 weeks of healing . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 implants were inserted in the posterior m and ible of 40 partially edentulous patients exhibiting bone densities of class I to III . After a healing period of 3 weeks , all implants were functionally loaded with a screw-retained crown or fixed dental prosthesis . The patients were recalled at weeks 4 , 7 , 12 , and 26 for monitoring and assessment of clinical and radiological parameters , including implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) measurements . RESULTS None of the implants failed to integrate . However , two implants were considered " spinners " at day 21 and left unloaded for an extended period . Therefore , 96.4 % of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested . All 56 implants including the " spinners " showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 6-month follow-up examination . The ISQ values increased steadily throughout the follow-up period . At the time of implant placement , the range of ISQ values exhibited a mean of 74.33 , and by week 26 , a mean value of 83.82 was recorded . Based on strict criteria , all 56 implants were considered successfully integrated , result ing in a 6-month survival and success rate of 100.0 % . CONCLUSION This prospect i ve study using an early-loading protocol after 3 weeks of healing demonstrated that titanium implants with the modified SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of at least 6 months . The ISQ method seems feasible to monitor implant stability during the initial wound-healing period Introduction Pure titanium is the material of choice for contemporary dental implants . However , superficial reaction of the moderately rough titanium surface with atmospheric components decreases its hydrophilicity . INICELL ® represents a chemical alteration and hydrophilization of a moderately rough i. e. s and -blasted and acid-etched titanium surface . The hydrophilicity leads to a more homogenous adsorption of proteins on the implant surface in-vitro , supporting the activation of a higher number of platelets and the generation of a homogenous , complete fibrin matrix in the early phases of osseointegration . This in turn helps to reduce the healing time and enhances the predictability of osseointegration in compromised bony situations . The objective of this case series trial was therefore to investigate if early loading ( after 8 weeks ) of hydrophilic INICELL implants is feasible in patients with reduced bone quality . Methods In 10 patients , 35 hydrophilic implants  were placed in sites revealing bone quality class 3 and 4 , and uncovered after 4 weeks . Eight weeks later implants were released for loading if the tactile resistance was ≥35 Ncm . Lower resistances result ed in 12 weeks initial healing period . Insertion torque , ISQ , tactile resistance and vertical bone level were evaluated at implant installation , after 4 weeks ( uncovering ) , 8 or 12 weeks ( loading ) , and 12 weeks and one year after loading . Results Mean implant insertion torque was 21 Ncm . 31 ( 88.6 % ) showed a tactile resistance of > 35 Ncm after eight weeks and were released for prosthetic loading . Eight weeks after insertion , one implant ( 2.9 % ) had to be removed following a soft tissue complication . One implant had to be removed after 4 weeks due to a technical complication ( fractured Osstell-abutment ) , it was therefore excluded from the analysis .33 of 34 implants ( 97 % ) were loaded to occlusion and were in situ/functional one year after implantation . ISQs increased from 43 at baseline to 63 at eight weeks , and 72 at three months after loading . Then , ISQ remained constant until one year after loading . Conclusions Within the limitations of this prospect i ve case series , hydrophilic implants may allow for shortening of the initial healing period even in bone with compromised density BACKGROUND Very few controlled studies have compared short and long implants placed with appropriate sinus floor elevation techniques . PURPOSE To compare the 2-year outcomes of 6.5-mm hydrophilic implants placed with osteotome sinus floor elevation ( OSFE ) and st and ard implants placed with lateral sinus floor elevation in patients with a severely atrophic posterior maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty-eight patients with a residual bone height of 4 - 5 mm were r and omized to receive one of the two above-mentioned treatments . Intra- and postoperative complications were recorded . The implant survival rate , peri-implant bone level , and periapical endosinus bone gain were assessed . RESULTS Of the 80 inserted implants , one in the long implant group failed because of abscess formation . The peri-implant bone level change ( 0.35 ± 0.60 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.71 mm ) was not significantly different between the two groups . The endosinus bone gain was 2.94 ± 0.81 mm and 10.19 ± 0.95 mm in the short and long implant groups , respectively . No serious adverse events related to implant surgery were recorded . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the placement of 6.5-mm short implants with OSFE is an effective alternative for the rehabilitation of a severely atrophic posterior maxilla PURPOSE The aim of this two-center study was to evaluate screw-type titanium implants with a chemically modified , s and blasted and acid-etched surface when placed in the posterior maxilla or m and ible , and loaded 21 days after placement . MATERIAL AND METHODS All 56 patients met strict inclusion criteria and provided informed consent . Each patient displayed either a single-tooth gap , an extended edentulous space , or a distal extension situation in the posterior m and ible or maxilla . Eighty-nine dental implants  ( SLActive , Institut Straumann AG , Basel , Switzerl and ) were inserted according to an established nonsubmerged protocol and underwent undisturbed healing for a period of 21 days . Where appropriate , the implants were loaded after 21 days of healing with provisional restorations in full occlusion . Definitive metal ceramic restorations were fabricated and positioned on each implant after 6 months of healing . Clinical measurements regarding soft tissue parameters and radiographs were obtained at different time points up to 24 months after implant placement . RESULTS Of the 89 inserted implants , two ( 2.2 % ) implants failed to integrate and were removed during healing , and two ( 2.2 % ) additional implants required a prolonged healing time . A total of 85 ( 95.6 % ) implants were therefore loaded without incident after 21 days of healing . No additional implant was lost throughout the study period , whereas one implant was lost to follow-up and therefore left unaccounted for further analysis . The remaining 86 implants all exhibited favorable radiographic and clinical findings . Based on strict success criteria , these implants were considered successfully integrated 2 years after insertion , result ing in a 2-year success rate of 97.7 % . CONCLUSION The results of this prospect i ve two-center study demonstrate that titanium implants with a modified SLA surface can predictably achieve successful tissue integration when loaded in full occlusion 21 days after placement . Integration could be maintained without incident for at least 2 years of follow-up PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test whether early loading ( 21 days after insertion ) of implants with a hydrophilic surface is safe and reliable in a general clinical practice setting . PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospect i ve multicenter clinical trial conducted in 3 independent surgical practice s. Patients were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria .  Implants were placed in posterior regions into healed alveoli and native bone using a 1-stage ( unsubmerged ) surgical protocol . Loading was to be performed 21 days thereafter . Patients were followed clinical ly and radiographically for 1 year . RESULTS Twenty-one patients who received 23 implants were followed for 1 year . None of the osseointegrated implants were lost . One broken 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Despite certain differences in the values of the studied parameters , both of the systems , i.e. Thommen Inicell and Straumann SLActive , demonstrated a high survival rate , a high level of implant stability and low marginal bone loss