***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective This study aims to determine the efficacy of yoga in alleviating vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) frequency and bother . Methods This study was a three-by-two factorial , r and omized controlled trial . Eligible women were r and omized to yoga ( n = 107 ) , exercise ( n = 106 ) , or usual activity ( n = 142 ) , and were simultaneously r and omized to a double-blind comparison of & ohgr;-3 fatty acid ( n = 177 ) or placebo ( n = 178 ) capsules .  Yoga intervention consisted of 12 weekly 90-minute yoga classes with daily home practice . Primary outcomes were VMS frequency and bother assessed by daily diaries at baseline , 6 weeks , and 12 weeks . Secondary outcomes included insomnia symptoms ( Insomnia Severity Index ) at baseline and 12 weeks . Results Among 249 r and omized women , 237 ( 95 % ) completed 12-week assessment s. The mean baseline VMS frequency was 7.4 per day ( 95 % CI , 6.6 to 8.1 ) in the yoga group and 8.0 per day ( 95 % CI , 7.3 to 8.7 ) in the usual activity group . Intent-to-treat analyses included all participants with response data ( n = 237 ) . There was no difference between intervention groups in the change in VMS frequency from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks ( mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] from baseline at 6 wk , −0.3 [ 95 % CI , −1.1 to 0.5 ] ; mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] from baseline at 12 wk , −0.3 [ 95 % CI , −1.2 to 0.6 ] ; P = 0.119 across both time points ) . Results were similar for VMS bother . At week 12 , yoga was associated with an improvement in insomnia symptoms ( mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] in the change in Insomnia Severity Index , 1.3 [ 95 % CI , −2.5 to −0.1 ] ; P = 0.007 ) . Conclusions Among healthy women , 12 weeks of yoga class plus home practice , compared with usual activity , do not improve VMS frequency or bother but reduce insomnia symptoms Objectives This study aim ed to investigate the effect of Educational program on quality of life ( QOL )  in menopausal women in 2016 in Hamadan , Iran . Methods In this clinical trial study , 100 postmenopausal women were r and omly selected and allocated to case and control group ( 50 per group ) . Data collection tool included question naires of demographic information and Menopause QOL , which were completed by the sample s before the intervention . In the case group , education program was run during 5 sessions for 45 to 60 minutes . Immediately and Three months after intervention , information were collected using question naire in both groups and they were analyzed using SPSS 16 software . Results The menopause women in both intervention and control groups had similar demographics . There was not a significant difference in the QOL mean scores in before of the intervention between the two groups of intervention and control in all dimension of QOL . There was a significantly difference in the mean of QOL scores between the two groups in immediately after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention in dimension of vasomotor , psychosocial , sexual and physical ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusions This study recommend that a unit in health and treatment centers be established for training menopausal women about health care by holding didactic classes Menopausal  Hormone Therapy ( MHT ) use in Australia fell by 55 % from 2001 to 2005 , following the release of large-scale findings on its risks and benefits . Comprehensive national data , including information on overall prevalence of MHT use as well as information on duration of use in Australia have not been reported since the 2004–5 National Health Survey , when 11 % of women aged 45 + years were estimated to be current  MHT users . No national data are available on prevalence of use of “ bioidentical ” hormone therapy ( BHT ) . The objective of this study was to determine recent prevalence of MHT and BHT use . A cross-sectional , national , age-stratified , population survey was conducted in 2013 . Eligible women , aged 50–69 years , resident in Australia were r and omly sample d in 5-year age groups from the Medicare enrolment data base ( Australia ’s universal health scheme ) . The response rate was 22 % based on return of completed question naires , and analyses were restricted to 4,389 women within the specified age range . The estimated population -weighted prevalence of current use of MHT  was 13 % ( 95%CI 12–14 ) , which was broadly similar to the previously reported national figures in 2004–5 , suggesting that the use of MHT in Australia has largely stabilised over the past decade . A total of 39 % and 20 % of current-users with an intact uterus reported use of oestrogen-progestagen MHT and oestrogen-only MHT  , respectively , whereas 77 % of hysterectomised current-users used oestrogen-only MHT . Almost three-quarters of current-users [ population -weighted prevalence 9 % ( 95%CI 8–10 ) ] had used MHT for ≥5 years . In regard to BHT , estimated population -weighted prevalence of ever use was 6 % ( 95%CI 6–7 ) and 2 % ( 95%CI 2–3 ) for current use . The population -weighted prevalence of MHT and BHT combined , in current users in their fifties and sixties was 15 % ( 95%CI 14–16 ) . These data provide a recent national “ snapshot ” of Australian women ’s use of both conventional MHT and of BHT Clinical trials , systematic review s and guidelines compare beneficial and non-beneficial outcomes following interventions . Often , however , various studies on a particular topic do not address the same outcomes , making it difficult to draw clinical ly useful conclusions when a group of studies is looked at as a whole.1 This problem was recently thrown into sharp focus by a systematic review of interventions for preterm birth prevention , which found that among 103 r and omised trials , no fewer than 72 different outcomes were reported.2 There is a growing recognition among clinical research ers that this variability undermines consistent synthesis of the evidence , and that what is needed is an agreed st and ardised collection of outcomes – a “ core outcomes set ” – for all trials in a specific clinical area.1 Recognising that the current inconsistency is a serious hindrance to progress in our specialty , the editors of over 50 journals related to women 's health have come together to support The CROWN ( CoRe Outcomes in WomeN 's health ) Initiative ( Box 1 ) . ! [Graphic][1 ] Box 1 # # # Aims of The CROWN Initiative ( http://www.crown-initiative.org ) 1 . Form a consortium among all gynaecology-obstetrics and related journals to promote core outcome sets in all areas of our specialty . … [ 1 ] : Background Natural estrogen decline leads to vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) . Hormone therapy alleviates symptoms but increases cancer risk . Effective treatments against VMS with minimal cancer risks are needed . We investigate the effects of a highly bioavailable aglycone rich Red Clover isoflavone treatment to alleviate existing menopausal VMS , assessed for the first time by 24hour ambulatory skin conductance ( SC ) Methods and results We conducted a parallel , double blind , r and omised control trial of 62 peri-menopausal women aged 40–65 , reporting ≥ 5 hot flushes/day and follicle stimulating hormone ≥35 IU/L. Participants received either twice daily treatment with bioavailable RC extract ( RCE ) , providing 34 mg/d isoflavones and probiotics , or masked placebo formulation for 12 weeks . The primary outcome was change in daily hot flush frequency ( HFF ) from baseline to 12 weeks using 24hr SC . Secondary outcomes were change in SC determined hot flush intensity ( HFI ) , self-reported HFF ( rHFF ) and hot flush severity ( rHFS ) , blood pressure and plasma lipids . A significant decrease in 24hr HFF ( P < 0.01 ) and HFI ( P<0.05 ) was found when comparing change from baseline to 12 months of the RCE ( -4.3 HF/24hr , CI -6.8 to -2.3 ; -12956 μS s-1 , CI -20175 to -5737 ) with placebo ( 0.79 HF/24hr , CI -1.56 to 3.15 ; 515 μS s-1 , CI -5465 to 6496 ) . rHFF was also significantly reduced ( P < 0.05)in the RCE ( -2.97 HFs/d , CI -4.77 to -1.17 ) group compared to placebo ( 0.036 HFs/d , CI -2.42 to 2.49 ) . Other parameters were non-significant . RCE was well tolerated . Conclusion Results suggest that moderate doses of RCE were more effective and superior to placebo in reducing physiological and self-reported VMS . Findings support that objective physiological symptom assessment methods should be used together with self-report measures in future studies on menopausal VMS . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov CONTEXT St and ard therapy for hot flashes has been hormone replacement with estradiol or progestational agents , but recent data suggest that antidepressants inhibiting serotonin reuptake may also be effective . OBJECTIVE To evaluate a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( paroxetine controlled release [ CR ] ) in treating the vasomotor symptoms displayed by a general cross-section of menopausal women . DESIGN AND SETTING R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel group study conducted across 17 US sites , including urban , suburban , and rural clinics . PATIENTS A total of 165 menopausal women aged 18 years or older experiencing at least 2 to 3 daily hot flashes and must have discontinued any hormone replacement therapy for at least 6 weeks . Women were excluded if they had any signs of active cancer or were undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy . INTERVENTION After a 1-week placebo run-in phase , study participants were r and omized to receive placebo or receive 12.5 mg/d or 25.0 mg/d of paroxetine CR ( in a 1:1:1 ratio ) for 6 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean change from baseline to week 6 in the daily hot flash composite score ( frequency x severity ) . RESULTS Fifty-six participants were r and omly assigned to receive placebo and 51 to receive 12.5 mg/d and 58 to receive 25.0 mg/d of paroxetine CR . The mean reductions in the hot flash frequency composite score from baseline to week 6 were statistically significantly greater for those receiving paroxetine CR than for those receiving placebo . By week 6 , the mean daily hot flash frequency went from 7.1 to 3.8 ( mean reduction , 3.3 ) for those in the 12.5-mg/d and from 6.4 to 3.2 ( mean reduction , 3.2 ) for those in the 25-mg/d paroxetine CR groups and from 6.6 to 4.8 ( mean reduction , 1.8 ) for those in the placebo group . Mean placebo-adjusted reduction in hot flash composite scores were -4.7 ( 95 % confidence interval , - 8.1 to -1.3 ; P = .007 ) comparing 12.5-mg/d paroxetine CR with placebo ; and -3.6 ( 95 % confidence interval , -6.8 to -0.4 ; P = .03 ) comparing 25.0-mg/d paroxetine CR with placebo . This corresponded to median reductions of 62.2 % for those in the 12.5-mg/d and 64.6 % for those in the 25.0-mg/d paroxetine CR groups compared with 37.8 % for those in the placebo group . CONCLUSION Paroxetine CR may be an effective and acceptable alternative to hormone replacement and other therapies in treating menopausal hot flash symptoms OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy comparison of Pueraria mirifica ( PM ) , name in Thai is Kwao Kruea Khao , against conjugated equine estrogen ( CEE ) with/without medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) in the treatment of perimenopuasal women with climacteric symptoms . MATERIAL AND METHOD Perimenopausal women attending the Menopausal clinic of Hat Yai Regional Hospital were voluntarily recruited . The vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats , as well as other unpleasant symptoms , urogenital and psychological symptoms , were also assessed . Patients were voluntarily enrolled and r and omly received daily 50 mg raw material of PM , Group A , or daily 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen ( CEE ) with/without 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) , Group B , depend on non-hysterectomized/hysterectomized condition . RESULTS Seventy-one patients were enrolled . Eleven of those were excluded for failing to complete the initial work-up and follow-up . Sixty cases were evaluated , 30 cases in Group A 
    Output:
    
There is substantial variation in how menopausal vasomotor symptoms have been reported and measured in treatment trials .