***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Prolonged sitting time has been identified as a health risk factor . Sit-st and workstations allow desk workers to alternate between sitting and st and ing throughout the working day , but not much is known about their acceptability and feasibility . Hence , the aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the acceptability , feasibility and perceptions of using sit-st and workstations in a group of desk-based office workers . Methods This article describes the qualitative evaluation of the r and omized controlled cross-over St and @Work pilot trial . Participants were adult employees recruited from a non-government health agency in Sydney , Australia . The intervention involved using an Ergotron Workfit S sit-st and workstation for four weeks . After the four week intervention , participants shared their perceptions and experiences of using the sit-st and workstation in focus group interviews with 4–5 participants . Topics covered in the focus groups included patterns of workstation use , barriers and facilitators to st and ing while working , effects on work performance , physical impacts , and feasibility in the office . Focus group field notes and transcripts were analysed in an iterative process during and after the data collection period to identify the main concepts and themes . Results During nine 45-min focus groups , a total of 42 participants were interviewed . Participants were largely intrinsically motivated to try the sit-st and workstation , mostly because of curiosity to try something new , interest in potential health benefits , and the relevance to the participant ’s own and organisation ’s work . Most participants used the sit-st and workstation and three common usage patterns were identified : task-based routine , time-based routine , and no particular routine . Common barriers to sit-st and workstation use were working in an open plan office , and issues with sit-st and workstation design . Common facilitators of sit-st and workstation use were a supportive work environment conducive to st and ing , perceived physical health benefits , and perceived work benefits . When prompted , most participants indicated they were interested in using a sit-st and workstation in the future . Conclusions The use of a sit-st and workstation in this group of desk-based office workers was generally perceived as acceptable and feasible . Future studies are needed to explore this in different desk-based work population s and setting Background Effective interventions to influence workplace sitting are needed , as office-based workers demonstrate high levels of continued sitting , and sitting too much is associated with adverse health effects . Therefore , we developed a theory-driven , Web-based , interactive , computer-tailored intervention aim ed at reducing and interrupting sitting at work . Objective The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of this intervention on objective ly measured sitting time , st and ing time , and breaks from sitting , as well as self-reported context -specific sitting among Flemish employees in a field-based approach . Methods Employees ( n=213 ) participated in a 3-group r and omized controlled trial that assessed outcomes at baseline , 1-month follow-up , and 3-month follow-up through self-reports . A sub sample ( n=122 ) were willing to wear an activity monitor ( activPAL ) from Monday to Friday . The tailored group received an automated Web-based , computer-tailored intervention including personalized feedback and tips on how to reduce or interrupt workplace sitting . The generic group received an automated Web-based generic advice with tips . The control group was a wait-list control condition , initially receiving no intervention . Intervention effects were tested with repeated- measures multivariate analysis of variance . Results The tailored intervention was successful in decreasing self-reported total workday sitting ( time × group : P<.001 ) , sitting at work ( time × group : P<.001 ) , and leisure time sitting ( time × group : P=.03 ) , and in increasing objective ly measured breaks at work ( time × group : P=.07 ) ; this was not the case in the other conditions . The changes in self-reported total nonworkday sitting , sitting during transport , television viewing , and personal computer use , objective ly measured total sitting time , and sitting and st and ing time at work did not differ between conditions . Conclusions Our results point out the significance of computer tailoring for sedentary behavior and its potential use in public health promotion , as the effects of the tailored condition were superior to the generic and control conditions . Trial Registration Clinical trials.gov NCT02672215 ; http:// clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02672215 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6glPFBLWv Purpose Encouraging office workers to ‘ sit less and move more ’ encompasses two public health priorities . However , there is little evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting , even less about the longer term effects of such interventions and still less on dual-focused interventions . This study assessed the short and mid-term impacts of a workplace web-based intervention ( Walk@WorkSpain , W@WS ; 2010 - 11 ) on self-reported sitting time , step counts and physical risk factors ( waist circumference , BMI , blood pressure ) for chronic disease . Methods Employees at six Spanish university campuses ( n=264 ; 42±10 years ; 171 female ) were r and omly assigned by worksite and campus to an Intervention ( used W@WS ; n=129 ; 87 female ) or a Comparison group ( maintained normal behavior ; n=135 ; 84 female ) . This phased , 19-week program aim ed to decrease occupational sitting time through increased incidental movement and short walks . A linear mixed model assessed changes in outcome measures between the baseline , ramping ( 8 weeks ) , maintenance ( 11 weeks ) and follow-up ( two months ) phases for Intervention versus Comparison groups . Results A significant 2 ( group ) × 2 ( program phases ) interaction was found for self-reported occupational sitting ( F[3]=7.97 , p=0.046 ) , daily step counts ( F[3]=15.68 , p=0.0013 ) and waist circumference ( F[3]=11.67 , p=0.0086 ) . The Intervention group decreased minutes of daily occupational sitting while also increasing step counts from baseline ( 446±126 ; 8,862±2,475 ) through ramping ( + 425±120 ; 9,345±2,435 ) , maintenance ( + 422±123 ; 9,638±3,131 ) and follow-up ( + 414±129 ; 9,786±3,205 ) . In the Comparison group , compared to baseline ( 404±106 ) , sitting time remained unchanged through ramping and maintenance , but decreased at follow-up ( -388±120 ) , while step counts diminished across all phases . The Intervention group significantly reduced waist circumference by 2.1cms from baseline to follow-up while the Comparison group reduced waist circumference by 1.3cms over the same period . Conclusions W@WS is a feasible and effective evidence -based intervention that can be successfully deployed with sedentary employees to elicit sustained changes on “ sitting less and moving more ” Background Excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours ( sitting or lying with low energy expenditure ) is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular disease and some cancers . Desk-based office workers typically accumulate high amounts of daily sitting time , often in prolonged unbroken bouts . The St and Up Victoria study aims to determine whether a 3-month multi-component intervention in the office setting reduces workplace sitting , particularly prolonged , unbroken sitting time , and results in improvements in cardio-metabolic biomarkers and work-related outcomes , compared to usual practice . Methods / Design A two-arm cluster-r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) , with worksites as the unit of r and omization , will be conducted in 16 worksites located in Victoria , Australia . Work units from one organisation ( Department of Human Services , Australian Government ) will be allocated to either the multi-component intervention ( organisational , environmental [ height-adjustable workstations ] , and individual behavioural strategies ) or to a usual practice control group . The recruitment target is 160 participants ( office-based workers aged 18–65 years and working at least 0.6 full time equivalent ) per arm . At each assessment ( 0- [ baseline ] , 3- [ post intervention ] , and 12-months [ follow-up ] ) , objective measurement via the activPAL3 activity monitor will be used to assess workplace : sitting time ( primary outcome ) ; prolonged sitting time ( sitting time accrued in bouts of ≥30 minutes ) ; st and ing time ; sit-to-st and transitions ; and , moving time . Additional outcomes assessed will include : non-workplace activity ; cardio-metabolic biomarkers and health indicators ( including fasting glucose , lipids and insulin ; anthropometric measures ; blood pressure ; and , musculoskeletal symptoms ) ; and , work-related outcomes ( presenteeism , absenteeism , productivity , work performance ) . Incremental cost-effectiveness and identification of both workplace and individual-level mediators and moderators of change will also be evaluated . Discussion St and Up Victoria will be the first cluster- RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention aim ed at reducing prolonged workplace sitting in office workers . Strengths include the objective measurement of activity and assessment of the intervention on markers of cardio-metabolic health . Health- and work-related benefits , as well as the cost-effectiveness of the intervention , will help to inform future occupational practice .Trial registration Background Office workers engage in high levels of sitting time . Effective , context -specific , and scalable strategies are needed to support widespread sitting reduction . This study aim ed to evaluate organisational-support strategies alone or in combination with an activity tracker to reduce sitting in office workers . Methods From one organisation , 153 desk-based office workers were cluster-r and omised ( by team ) to organisational support only ( e.g. , manager support , emails ; ‘ Group ORG ’ , 9 teams , 87 participants ) , or organisational support plus LUMOback activity tracker ( ‘ Group ORG + Tracker ’ , 9 teams , 66 participants ) . The waist-worn tracker provided real-time feedback and prompts on sitting and posture . ActivPAL3 monitors were used to ascertain primary outcomes ( sitting time during work- and overall hours ) and other activity outcomes : prolonged sitting time ( ≥30 min bouts ) , time between sitting bouts , st and ing time , stepping time , and number of steps . Health and work outcomes were assessed by question naire . Changes within each group ( three- and 12 months ) and differences between groups were analysed by linear mixed models . Missing data were multiply imputed . Results At baseline , participants ( 46 % women , 23–58 years ) spent ( mean ± SD ) 74.3 ± 9.7 % of their workday sitting , 17.5 ± 8.3 % st and ing and 8.1 ± 2.7 % stepping . Significant ( p < 0.05 ) reductions in sitting time ( both work and overall ) were observed within both groups , but only at 12 months . For secondary activity outcomes , Group ORG significantly improved in work prolonged sitting , time between sitting bouts and st and ing time , and overall prolonged sitting time ( 12 months ) , and in overall st and ing time ( three- and 12 months ) ; while Group ORG + Tracker , significantly improved in work prolonged sitting , st and ing , stepping and overall st and ing time ( 12 months ) . Adjusted for confounders , the only significant between-group differences were a greater stepping time and step count for Group ORG + Tracker relative to Group ORG ( + 20.6 min/16 h day , 95 % CI : 3.1 , 38.1 , p = 0.021 ; + 846.5steps/16 h day , 95 % CI : 67.8 , 1625.2 , p = 0.033 ) at 12 months . Observed changes in health and work outcomes were small and not statistically significant . Conclusions Organisational-support strategies with or without an activity tracker result ed in improvements in sitting , prolonged sitting and st and ing ; adding a tracker enhanced stepping changes . Improvements were most evident at 12 months , suggesting the organisational-support strategies may have taken time to embed within the organisation . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trial Registry : ACTRN12614000252617 . Registered 10 March 2014 Context and purpose Too much sitting is now recognised as a common risk factor for several health outcomes , with the workplace identified as a key setting in which to address prolonged sitting time . The  St and Up Australia intervention was design ed to reduce  prolonged sitting in the workplace by addressing influences at multiple-levels , including the organisation , the environment , and the individual . Intervention success has been achieved within the context of r and omised controlled trials , where research staff deliver several of the key intervention components . This study describes the initial step in the multi-phase process of scaling up the St and Up Australia  intervention for workplace translation . Methods A research -government partnership was critical in funding and informing the prototype for the scaled up BeUpst and ing program ™ . Evidence , protocol s and material s from St and Up Australia were adapted in collaboration with funding partner Workplace Health and Safety Queensl and to ensure consistency and compatibility with existing government frameworks and re sources . In recognition of the key role of workplace champions in facilitating workplace health promotion programs , the BeUpst and ing program ™ is design ed to be delivered through a st and -alone , free , website-based toolkit using a ‘ train the champion ’ approach . Key findings and significance The BeUpst and ing program ™ was influenced by the increasing recognition of prolonged sitting as an emerging health issue as well as industry dem and . The research -government partnership was critical in informing and resourcing the development of the scaled-up program Background Prolonged sitting time has been associated with adverse health outcomes . Interventions at work may contribute to reduced sitting . The objective was to test if a multicomponent work-based intervention can reduce sitting time and 
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Once tested and refined , this framework has the potential to be incorporated into a practical toolkit , which could be used by a range of organisations to develop , implement and evaluate their own interventions to reduce workplace sitting time amongst staff