***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Underst and ing the correlates of dietary intake is necessary in order to effectively promote healthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents . A literature review was conducted on the correlates of the following categories of dietary intake in children and adolescents :  Fruit , Juice and Vegetable Consumption , Fat in Diet , Total Energy Intake , Sugar Snacking , Sweetened Beverage Consumption , Dietary Fiber , Other Healthy Dietary Consumption , and Other Less Healthy Dietary Consumption in children and adolescents . Methods Cross-sectional and prospect i ve studies were identified from PubMed , PsycINFO and PsycArticles by using a combination of search terms . Quantitative research examining determinants of dietary intake among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years were included . The selection and review process yielded information on country , study design , population , instrument used for measuring intake , and quality of research study . Results Seventy-seven articles were included . Many potential correlates have been studied among children and adolescents . However , for many hypothesized correlates substantial evidence is lacking due to a dearth of research . The correlates best supported by the literature are : perceived modeling , dietary intentions , norms , liking and preferences . Perceived modeling and dietary intentions have the most consistent and positive associations with eating behavior . Norms , liking , and preferences were also consistently and positively related to eating behavior in children and adolescents . Availability , knowledge , outcome expectations , self-efficacy and social support did not show consistent relationships across dietary outcomes . Conclusion This review examined the correlates of various dietary intake ; Fruit , Juice and Vegetable Consumption , Fat in Diet , Total Energy Intake , Sugar Snacking , Sweetened Beverage Consumption , Dietary Fiber , Other Healthy Dietary Consumption , and Other Less Healthy Dietary Consumption in cross-sectional and prospect i ve studies for children and adolescents . The correlates most consistently supported by evidence were perceived modeling , dietary intentions , norms , liking and preferences . More prospect i ve studies on the psychosocial determinants of eating behavior using broader theoretical perspectives should be examined in future research OBJECTIVE Although increasing evidence shows the importance of habits in explaining health behaviour , many studies still rely solely on predictors that emphasize the role of conscious intentions . The present study was design ed to test the importance of habit strength in explaining  unhealthy snacking behaviour  in a large representative community sample ( N= 1,103 ) . To test our hypothesis that habits are crucial when explaining unhealthy snacking behaviour , their role was compared to the ' Power of Food ' , a related construct that addresses sensitivity to food cues in the environment . Moreover , the relation between Power of Food and unhealthy snacking habits was assessed . DESIGN AND METHODS A prospect i ve design was used to determine the impact of habits in relation to intention , Power of Food and a number of demographic variables . One month after filling out the question naire , including measures of  habit strength and Power of Food , participants reported their unhealthy snacking behaviour by means of a 7-day snack diary . RESULTS Results showed that habit strength was the most important predictor , outperforming all other variables in explaining unhealthy snack intake . CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that snacking habits provide a unique contribution in explaining unhealthy snacking behaviour , stressing the importance of addressing habit strength in further research and interventions concerning unhealthy snacking behaviour In this study , 306 individuals in 3 age groups -- adolescents ( 13 - 16 ) , youths ( 18 - 22 ) , and adults ( 24 and older)--completed  2 question naire measures assessing risk preference  and  risky decision making  , and 1 behavioral task measuring risk taking .  Participants in each age group were r and omly assigned to complete the measures either alone or with 2 same-aged peers . Analyses indicated that ( a ) risk taking and risky decision making decreased with age ; ( b ) participants took more risks , focused more on the benefits than the costs of risky behavior , and made riskier decisions when in peer groups than alone ; and ( c ) peer effects on risk taking and risky decision making were stronger among adolescents and youths than adults . These findings support the idea that adolescents are more inclined toward risky behavior and risky decision making than are adults and that peer influence plays an important role in explaining risky behavior during adolescence The behavior of others in people 's social environment ( i.e. , descriptive norms ) , as well as their opinions regarding appropriate actions ( i.e. , injunctive norms ) strongly influence people 's decisions and actions . The goal of this study was to extend prior laboratory research on the influence of social norms on food choices , by conducting a field-experiment in an on-campus food court . One of three different messages was posted on a given day : a healthy descriptive norm , healthy injunctive norm , or an unhealthy descriptive norm . Effects of these social norms messages on food choice were compared against each other and a no-message control condition . In total , 687 students reported their food choice through a question naire provided to them . Food choices were analyzed for participants who reported being exposed to one of the social norms signs and those in the control condition ( N=220 ) . Findings showed that the healthy  descriptive norm  result ed in more healthy food choices , compared to an unhealthy descriptive norm , as well as the control condition . The difference between the injunctive healthy norm and the control condition was not significant , though those in the injunctive norm condition did make more healthy decisions , than those in the unhealthy descriptive norm condition . Implication s with regard to theory and practice are discussed Research demonstrates that people conform to how much other people eat . This conformity occurs in the presence of other people ( live model ) and when people view information about how much food prior participants ate ( remote models ) . The assumption in the literature has been that remote models produce a similar effect to live models , but this has never been tested . To investigate this issue , we r and omly paired participants with a live or remote model  and compared their eating to those who ate alone . We found that participants exposed to both types of model differed significantly from those in the control group , but there was no significant difference between the two modeling procedures OBJECTIVE Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association of a cue and a response . Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard to different aspects of the cue-response relationship characteristic of unhealthy and healthy habits . DESIGN , MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES , AND RESULTS In each study , habitual automaticity was assessed by the  Self-Report Habit Index ( SRHI ) . In Study 1 SRHI scores correlated with attentional bias to smoking cues in a Stroop task . Study 2 examined the ability of a habit cue to elicit an unwanted habit response . In a prospect i ve field study , habitual automaticity in relation to smoking when drinking alcohol in a licensed public house ( pub ) predicted the likelihood of cigarette-related action slips 2 months later after smoking in pubs had become illegal . In Study 3 experimental group participants formed an implementation  intention to floss  in response to a specified situational cue . Habitual automaticity of dental flossing  was rapidly enhanced compared to controls . CONCLUSION The studies provided three different demonstrations of the importance of cues in the automatic operation of habits . Habitual automaticity assessed by the SRHI captured aspects of a habit that go beyond mere frequency or consistency of the behavior OBJECTIVES While healthy eating patterns are of high importance in adolescence , most adolescents portray quite unhealthy eating behaviour . One reason for this may be that social norms among peers tend to be unsupportive of healthy eating . The current study investigates whether communicating health-promoting descriptive and injunctive norms influences adolescents ' intended and actual fruit consumption . DESIGN The study employed an experimental prospect i ve design . METHODS A norm message manipulation ( descriptive vs. injunctive vs. no-norm control ) was administered to high school students , after which fruit intake intention ( N = 96 ) was assessed . At follow-up , actual fruit intake over 2 days ( N = 80 ) was recorded . RESULTS Adolescents receiving the descriptive norm did not report higher fruit intake intentions than the control group , but did consume ( borderline , p = .057 ) significantly more fruit in the following 2 days ( 2.3 portions per day ) than the control condition ( 1.7 portion per day ) . Adolescents receiving the injunctive norm reported lower fruit intake intentions than the other two groups , but actual fruit consumption ( 1.5 portions per day ) was similar to that of the control group . CONCLUSIONS Health-promoting injunctive norms not only had no positive effects on fruit intake but actually caused a decrease in fruit intake intentions , indicating that injunctive norms may be vulnerable to reactance . A health-promoting descriptive norm was found to positively affect fruit intake in adolescents . No effect on fruit intake intention was found . Results show that simple single-sentence norm messages hold the potential to substantially influence health behaviour Being integral to adolescent health , autonomy presumably also is related to adolescent unhealthy snacking . We distinguish two differently motivated forms of autonomy : agentic autonomy , driven by a motivation to self-regulate , and self-presentational autonomy , driven by motives of image cultivation . The present study aim ed to investigate the differential associations of these two types of motivation with unhealthy snack purchase in a prospect i ve study among 105 adolescents . Results confirmed that  agentic autonomy  correlated with less unhealthy snack purchase , while  self-presentational autonomy  correlated with increased unhealthy snack purchase in males but not in females . This supports the hypothesis that autonomy is related to  adolescent unhealthy eating  , but can do so in different ways 
    Output:
    
Four moderators were distilled from our literature synthesis that stipulate for whom and when peer social norms are related to food intake : identification with the norm referent group and eating-related habit strength were found to moderate the effects of social norms on food intake ; forceful injunctive norms were found not to be related to food intake ; and the influence of norms seemed restricted to types of foods typically consumed in the presence of peers .