***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Health statistics routinely show higher morbidity and health services use for women , while mortality rates are higher for men . This analysis empirically identifies reasons for women 's poorer health . It is based on retrospective ( interview ) and prospect i ve ( health diaries ) data from the Health In Detroit Study . Three kinds of risk factors , which may help explain females ' excess , are considered : acquired risks , psychosocial aspects , and health-reporting behavior . Men and women differ markedly in acquired risks : smoking and job hazards are higher for men , but inactivity , nonemployment , stress , and many other factors are higher for women . Psychosocial aspects predispose women to more illness and health care . Women also had keener interest in the survey . When all of the risk factors are controlled , the morbidity gap narrows considerably . In fact , indicators of general and chronic health reverse to reveal higher morbidity for men . Similarly , females ' excesses for therapeutic care ( short- and long-term disability , medical visits , lay consultation , drug use ) diminish when risks and morbidity level are controlled . They actually reverse to a male excess for disability and medical care . Though most of the unveiled male excesses are statistically nonsignificant , their pattern allows a reasonable interpretation . Our results are closely compatible with recent analyses of sex mortality differences in several California sites , which could not eliminate men 's mortality excess by controlling for social factors . In conclusion , contemporary women 's poorer health profile stems largely from their roles and stress ( acquired risks ) , and to a smaller degree from their health attitudes . When social factors are taken into account , health data suggest a disadvantage for men , and mortality data maintain men 's disadvantage . Do the reasons lie in biology R. Lorraine Collins State University of New York at Stony Brook George A. Parks and G. Alan Marlatt University of Washington Two studies were conducted to assess variables related to the social determinants of alcohol consumption . In Study 1 , moderate- and heavy-drinking male under- graduates  were paired with confederates who behaved in a sociable or unsociable manner while modeling either light or heavy consumption . Modeling occurred in the sociable conditions but not in the unsociable conditions , where subjects tended to drink heavily . In Study 2 , a similar group of subjects was exposed to one of three social status conditions crossed with light versus heavy consumption . The results indicated a modeling effect in all social status conditions . These studies provide further support for the existence of a modeling effect that can be disrupted by a lack of rapport between drinking partners . This latter finding has implication s for the etiology of problem drinking because it suggests that increased alcohol consumption may serve as a strategy for coping with aversive social interactions . Initial research on the effect of modeled consumption rates on social drinking ( Caudill & Marlatt , 1975 ) suggested that heavy-drink- ing men tended to match the consumption of their drinking partner whether his con- sumption was heavy or light . Subsequent examinations of this phenomenon replicated these findings in laboratory analogue drinking tasks such as the taste-rating task ( Cooper , Waterhouse , & Sobell , 1979 ; Hendricks , So- bell , & Cooper , 1978 ; Lied & Marlatt , 1979 ; Watson & Sobell , 1982 ) , natural bar setting s ( Reid , 1978 ) , and seminaturalistic bar setting s ( Caudill & Lipscomb , 1980 ) . Much of the research concerning the mod- eling of alcohol consumption has focused on manipulating characteristics of the model , including the nature of the social interaction between the model and the subject . The effects of manipulating social interaction are unclear . In the Caudill and Marlatt study , model 's drinking rate ( light vs. heavy ) and 
    Output:
    
The main findings were : 1 ) conformity to norms associated with traditional masculine role ( dominance , womanising , aggressiveness , risk behaviours ) is related to greater alcohol use ; 2 ) conformity to norms associated with traditional feminine role ( interest in home life and family care ) is related with lower alcohol use .
These findings provide evidence of the relationship between dimensions associated with gender and drinking .