***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To determine whether mobile phone based monitoring improves asthma control compared with st and ard paper based monitoring strategies . Design Multicentre r and omised controlled trial with cost effectiveness analysis . Setting UK primary care . Participants 288 adolescents and adults with poorly controlled asthma ( asthma control question naire ( ACQ ) score ≥1.5 ) from 32 practice s. Intervention Participants were central ly r and omised to twice daily recording and mobile phone based transmission of symptoms , drug use , and peak flow with immediate feedback prompting action according to an agreed plan or paper based monitoring . Main outcome measures Changes in scores on asthma control question naire and self efficacy ( knowledge , attitude , and self efficacy asthma question naire ( KASE-AQ ) ) at six months after r and omisation . Assessment of outcomes was blinded . Analysis was on an intention to treat basis . Results There was no significant difference in the change in asthma control or self efficacy between the two groups ( ACQ : mean change 0.75 in mobile group v 0.73 in paper group , mean difference in change −0.02 ( 95 % confidence interval −0.23 to 0.19 ) ; KASE-AQ score : mean change −4.4 v −2.4 , mean difference 2.0 ( −0.3 to 4.2 ) ) . The numbers of patients who had acute exacerbations , steroid courses , and unscheduled consultations were similar in both groups , with similar healthcare costs . Overall , the mobile phone service was more expensive because of the expenses of telemonitoring . Conclusions Mobile technology does not improve asthma control or increase self efficacy compared with paper based monitoring when both groups received clinical care to guidelines st and ards . The mobile technology was not cost effective . Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT00512837 The self-management of asthma can improve clinical outcomes . Recently , mobile telephones have been widely used as an efficient , instant personal communication tool . This study investigated whether a self-care system will achieve better asthma control through a mobile telephone-based interactive programme . This was a prospect i ve , controlled study in outpatient clinics . From 120 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma , 89 were eventually recruited for the study , with 43 in the mobile telephone group ( with a mobile telephone-based interactive asthma self-care system )  . In the mobile telephone group , mean±sem peak expiratory flow rate significantly increased at 4 ( 378.2±9.3 L·min−1 ; n = 43 ; p = 0.020 ) , 5 ( 378.2±9.2 L·min−1 ; n = 43 ; p = 0.008 ) and 6 months ( 382.7±8.6 L·min−1 ; n = 43 ; p = 0.001 ) compared to the control group . Mean±sem forced expiratory volume in 1 s significantly increased at 6 months ( 65.2±3.2 % predicted ; n = 43 ; p<0.05 ) . Patients in the mobile telephone group had better quality of life after 3 months , as determined using the Short Form-12 ® physical component score , and fewer episodes of exacerbation and unscheduled visits than the control group . Patients in the mobile telephone group significantly increased their mean daily dose of either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids compared with the control group . The mobile telephone-based interactive self-care system provides a convenient and practical self-monitoring and -management of asthma , and improves asthma control BACKGROUND For children younger than 12 years old with asthma , there are several quality -of-life instruments , clinical diaries , and question naires assessing symptoms ; however , a vali date d tool for assessing asthma control is currently lacking . OBJECTIVE To develop and vali date the  Childhood Asthma Control Test  ( C-ACT ) , a self-administered tool for identifying children aged 4 - 11 years whose asthma is inadequately controlled . METHODS A 21-item question naire was administered to 343 patients with asthma and their caregivers , r and omly assigning 75 % ( n = 257 ) for development and cross-sectional validation of the tool and 25 % ( n = 86 ) to a confirmatory sample . Stepwise logistic regression was used to reduce the 21 items to those best able to discriminate control as defined by the specialist 's rating of asthma control . RESULTS Seven items were selected from regression analyses of the development sample to comprise the C-ACT . The scores of each item were summed for a total score ( 0 - 27 ) , with lower scores indicating poorer control . Summed scores discriminated between groups of patients differing in the specialists ' rating of asthma control ( F = 36.89 ; P < .0001 ) , the need for change in patients ' therapy ( F = 20.07 ; P < .0001 ) , and % predicted FEV(1 ) ( F = 2.66 ; P = .0494 ) . A score of 19 indicated inadequately controlled asthma ( specificity 74 % , sensitivity 68 % ) . These analyses were confirmed in the confirmatory sample . CONCLUSION The C-ACT is a vali date d tool to assess asthma control and identify children with inadequately controlled asthma . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S The C-ACT can be valuable in clinical practice and research based on its validation , ease of use , input from the child and caregiver , and alignment with asthma guidelines 
    Output:
    
Conclusions No apps for people with asthma combined reliable , comprehensive information about the condition with supportive tools for self-management .
There remains much to be done if apps are to find broad use in clinical practice ; clinicians can not recommend tools that are inaccurate , unsafe or lack an evidence base