***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Guided self-help interventions for PTSD ( post-traumatic stress disorder ) are a promising tool for the dissemination of contemporary psychological treatment . Objective This study investigated the efficacy of the Chinese version of the My Trauma Recovery ( CMTR ) website . Methods In an urban context , 90 survivors of different trauma types were recruited via Internet advertisements  and allocated to a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) with a waiting list control condition . In addition , in a rural context , 93 survivors mainly of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake were recruited in-person for a parallel RCT in which the website intervention was conducted in a counseling center and guided by volunteers . Assessment was completed online on a professional Chinese survey website . The primary outcome measure was the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale ( PDS ) ; secondary outcome measures were Symptom Checklist 90-Depression ( SCL-D ) , Trauma Coping Self-Efficacy Scale ( CSE ) , Post-traumatic Cognitive Changes ( PCC ) , and Social Functioning Impairment ( SFI ) question naires adopted from the My Trauma Recovery website . Results For the urban sample , findings indicated a significant group × time interaction in post-traumatic symptom severity ( F 1,88=7.65 , P=.007 ) . CMTR reduced post-traumatic symptoms significantly with high effect size after one month of treatment ( F 1,45=15.13 , Cohen ’s d=0.81 , P<.001 ) and the reduction was sustained over a 3-month follow-up ( F 1,45=17.29 , Cohen ’s d=0.87 , P<.001 ) . In the rural sample , the group × time interaction was also significant in post-traumatic symptom severity ( F 1,91=5.35 , P=.02 ) . Post-traumatic symptoms decreased significantly after treatment ( F 1,48=43.97 , Cohen ’s d=1.34 , P<.001 ) and during the follow-up period ( F 1,48=24.22 , Cohen ’s d=0.99 , P<.001 ) . Additional outcome measures ( post-traumatic cognitive changes , depression ) indicated a range of positive effects , in particular in the urban sample ( group × time interactions : F 1,88=5.32 - 8.37 , all Ps<.03 ) , contributing to the positive evidence for self-help interventions . Differences in the effects in the two RCTs are exploratorily explained by sociodemographic , motivational , and setting feature differences between the two sample s. Conclusions These findings give support for the short-term efficacy of CMTR in the two Chinese population s and contribute to the literature that self-help Web-based programs can be used to provide mental health help for traumatized persons . Trial Registration Australia New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) : ACTRN12611000951954 ; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review .aspx?ACTRN=12611000951954 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6G7WyNODk ) Online therapy offers many advantages over face-to-face therapy . Interapy includes psychoeducation , screening , effect measures , and a protocol -driven treatment via the Internet for people suffering from posttraumatic stress . The present article reports the results of a controlled trial on the Internet-driven treatment of posttraumatic stress and grief in a group of people who manifested mild to relatively severe trauma symptoms . Participants in the treatment condition ( n=69 ) improved significantly more than participants in the waiting-list control condition ( n=32 ) on trauma-related symptoms and general psychopathology . The effect sizes were large . On most subscales , more than 50 % of the treated participants showed reliable change and clinical ly significant improvement , with the highest percentages being found for depression and avoidance BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) is a severe and disabling condition and few receive appropriate care . Internet-based treatment of PTSD shows promise in reducing barriers to care and preliminary evidence suggests it is efficacious in treating symptoms of PTSD . METHODOLOGY Forty-two individuals with a diagnosis of PTSD confirmed by clinician interview completed a r and omized controlled comparison of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) with a waitlist control condition . PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Large pre- to posttreatment effect sizes ( ESs ) were found for the Treatment group on measures of PTSD symptoms , depression , anxiety , and disability . A small between-group ES was found for PTSD symptoms and moderate between-group ESs were found for depression , anxiety , and disability . CONCLUSIONS Results provide preliminary support for Internet-based CBT as an efficacious treatment for individuals with a confirmed primary diagnosis of PTSD This study was an open trial evaluation of a 10-week therapist-assisted cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) internet intervention ( PTSD Online ) undertaken with people with a primary clinical diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) ( n=22 ) at pre- assessment . Participants were re-assessed at post- assessment and 3-month follow-up . Significant improvements on PTSD severity ratings and related PTSD symptomatology were observed at post- assessment and maintained at 3-month follow-up . At post- assessment , 69.2 % of the sample showed clinical ly significant improvement and 77 % of the sample at follow-up assessment . Non-significant , yet improved , change was observed on all other general psychological measures . Overall , treatment satisfaction was good ( 69 % ) , participant therapeutic alliance ratings were high ( 87.5 % ) , and the average total therapist time required was 194.5 min . PTSD Online appears to be an efficacious treatment option for people with PTSD that can be provided entirely remotely , with far less therapist time than traditional face-to-face treatment , and without compromising therapeutic alliance Background In recent years , armed conflicts in the Middle East have result ed in high rates of exposure to traumatic events . Despite the increasing dem and of mental health care provision , ongoing violence limits conventional approaches of mental health care provision . Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) have proved feasible and effective in Western countries , but their applicability and efficacy in war and conflict regions remains unknown . Objective This study investigated the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral Internet-based intervention for war-traumatized Arab patients , with focus on Iraq . Methods A total of 159 individuals with PTSD participated in a parallel group r and omized trial . Participants were r and omly allocated by a computer-generated sequence to a treatment group ( n=79 ) or a waiting list control group ( n=80 ) . The treatment group received 2 weekly 45-minute cognitive behavioral interventions via Internet over a 5-week period ( 10 sessions in total ) . The primary outcome was recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms . Results Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly reduced from baseline to posttreatment ( intention-to-treat analysis ) in the treatment group relative to the control group ( F1,157=44.29 , P<.001 , d=0.92 ) . Treatment effects were sustained at 3-month follow-up . Completer analysis indicated that 29 of 47 patients ( 62 % ) in the treatment group had recovered from posttraumatic stress symptoms at posttreatment ( reliable change and Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale score < 20 ) versus 1 patient ( 2 % ) in the control group ( OR 74.19 , 95 % CI 9.93 - 585.8 , P<.001 ) indicating that the chance of recovering was 74.19 times higher in the treatment than in the control group . Conclusions The results indicate , even in unstable and insecure setting s with ongoing exposure to human rights violations through war and dictatorships , people with posttraumatic stress symptoms benefit from a cognitive behavioral treatment provided entirely through the Internet . This method of delivery could improve patients ’ access to humanitarian aid in the form of e-mental health services . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trial Registry , ACTRN12611001019998 ; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review .aspx?id=347505 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Wto4HCdH ) OBJECTIVE The use of interactive videoconferencing to provide psychiatric services to geographically remote regions , often referred to as  telepsychiatry  , has gained wide acceptance . However , it is not known whether clinical outcomes of telepsychiatry are as good as those achieved through face-to-face contact . This study compared a variety of clinical outcomes after psychiatric consultation and , where needed , brief follow-up for out patients referred to a psychiatric clinic in Canada who were r and omly assigned to be examined face to face or by telepsychiatry .  METHODS A total of 495 patients in Ontario , Canada , referred by their family physician for psychiatric consultation were r and omly assigned to be examined face to face ( N=254 ) or by telepsychiatry ( N=241 ) . The treating psychiatrists had the option of providing monthly follow-up appointments for up to four months . The study tested the equivalence of the two forms of service delivery on a variety of outcome measures . RESULTS Psychiatric consultation and follow-up delivered by telepsychiatry produced clinical outcomes that were equivalent to those achieved when the service was provided face to face . Patients in the two groups expressed similar levels of satisfaction with service . An analysis limited to the cost of providing the clinical service indicated that telepsychiatry was at least 10 % less expensive per patient than service provided face to face . CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric consultation and short-term follow-up can be as effective when delivered by telepsychiatry as when provided face to face . These findings do not necessarily mean that other types of mental health services , for example , various types of psychotherapy , are as effective when provided by telepsychiatry OBJECTIVE This r and omized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a nurse assisted online cognitive-behavioral self-management intervention for war-related posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , compared to optimized usual primary care PTSD Treatment ( OUC ) to reduce PTSD symptoms . METHOD Participants were 80 veterans of recent military conflicts with PTSD as assessed by the PTSD Checklist ( PCL ) seeking primary care treatment at one of three Veterans Affairs ( VA ) and four Army clinics .  DESTRESS-PC consisted of logins to a secure website three times per week for 6 weeks with monitoring by a study nurse . All participants received nurse care management in the form of phone check-ins every two weeks and feedback to their primary care providers . Blinded raters assessed outcomes 6 , 12 , and 18 weeks post-r and omization . RESULTS DESTRESS-PC was associated with a significantly greater decrease in PTSD symptoms compared to OUC ( F(3 , 186)=3.72 , p=.012 ) . The effect was largest at the 12-week assessment ( ∆PCL=12.6±16.6 versus 5.7±12.5 , p<0.05 ) with the treatment effect disappearing by the 18-week follow-up . Notably , there was a dose effect ; number of logins correlated significantly with PTSD outcomes , with more logins associated with greater PTSD symptom improvement . None of the secondary outcomes ( depression , anxiety , somatic symptoms , and functional status ) showed statistically significant improvement ; however , the treatment effect on depression approached significance ( F(3 , 186)=2.17 , p=.093 ) . CONCLUSIONS DESTRESS-PC shows promise as a means of delivering effective , early PTSD treatment in primary care . Larger trials are needed Background : The loss of a child during pregnancy causes significant psychological distress for many women and their partners , and may lead to long-lasting psychiatric disorders . Internet-based interventions using exposure techniques and cognitive restructuring have proved effective for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and prolonged grief . This study compared the effects of an Internet-based intervention for parents after prenatal loss with a waiting list condition ( WLC ) . Methods : The Impact of Event Scale - Revised assessed symptoms of PTSD ; the Inventory of Complicated Grief and the Brief Symptom Inventory assessed depression , anxiety , and general mental health .  The 228 participants ( 92 % female ) were r and omly allocated to a treatment group ( TG ; n = 115 ) or a WLC group ( n = 113 ) . The TG received a 5-week cognitive behavioral intervention including ( 1 ) self-confrontation , ( 2 ) cognitive restructuring , and ( 3 ) social sharing . Results : The TG showed significantly reduced symptoms of posttraumatic stress , prolonged grief , depression , and anxiety relative to the WLC control group . Intention-to-treat analysis revealed treatment effects of between d = 0.84 and d = 1.02 for posttraumatic stress and prolonged grief from pre- to posttreatment time points . Further significant improvement in all symptoms of PTSD and prolonged grief was found from the posttreatment evaluation to the 12-month follow-up . The attrition rate of 14 % was relatively low . Conclusions : The Internet-based intervention proved to be a feasible and cost-effective treatment , reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress , grief , depression , anxiety , and general mental health after pregnancy loss . Low-threshold e- 
    Output:
    
The quality of care given by telepsychiatry both through video conferencing as well as web- and application-based is comparable to that of face-to-face therapy .
Patient satisfaction , quality of doctor-patient relationship also remains high , with lower costs and shorter therapeutic time when compared to face-to-face therapy .
CONCLUSION Various studies have shown that telepsychiatry is an effective solution for the management of PTSD .
Studies have also reported that the quality of treatment through telepsychiatry is as effective as face-to-face therapy , with greater efficiency .