***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Postoperative acute urinary retention was evaluated in the patients who underwent Pereyra procedure .  Comparison of suprapubic and urethral catheterization .  Between January 1994 and July 1995 , fifty two patients with urinary stress incontinence underwent Pereyra procedure , 31 female patient with suprapubic drainage ( cistofix Ch 15 ) and 17 urethral catherization with a latex foley catheter .  Sponatneous micturition and urinary retention was evaluated until the catheter was removed . Mean age was 43.8 years ( 32 a 66 ) , the duration of suprapubic vesical drainage with  suprapubic catheter were 3 days in 58.6 % of the patients , and more than 3 days in 41.29 % . Recatheterizacion in the patients with urethral drainage was more frequent . Urinary retention after 7 days was present in 23.99 % with suprapubic vesical drainage and 28.5 % with urethral catheter . Recatheterization is more frequent in patients with urethral catheter In a prospect i ve study the results of postoperative urinary discharge by suprapubic catheterisation ( SC )  are compared with those of transurethral catheterisation ( TC ) in a r and omised collective of gynaecological patients after vaginal hysterectomy with front ( resp . front and back ) plastic . During November 1979 and September 1980 157 patients were examined , 88 patients by suprapubic catheterisation and 69 by transurethral catheterisation , with r and om distribution . Additionally , 430 other patients with suprapubic aspiration after vaginal hysterectomy with front and /or back plastic performed between September 1980 and October 1982 were examined retrospectively especially under the aspect of possible complications . The advantages of suprapubic urinary discharge are shown in the significantly reduced rate of primary infections . 20.5 per cent of infections are opposed to 67.1 per cent in the comparative group with TC . Spontaneous miction was possible in the SC group two days earlier than in the group of TC ( 5.2 days opposed to 7.35 days ) . Additional drug treatment for restitution of the bladder function was more often necessary for patients with TC , although the results with 43.5 per cent against 29.5 per cent in the SC collective are not significant . The number of renewed catheterisations after removal of the catheter was higher by 27 per cent in the group of patients with SC . Subjective complaints were stated by patients with TC in 66.7 per cent against 18.2 per cent of women with SC . This result is significant . In the TC collective there were significantly more patients with leucocyturia ( 88.5 per cent against 48.7 per cent ) . Antibiotic treatment of an urinary tract infection with typical symptoms was necessary in 35.8 per cent for patients with TC and in 14.1 per cent for women with SC . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS The objective of this study is to assess the impact of bladder catheterization on the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection ( UTI ) and urinary retention ( PUR )  following laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy ( LAVH ) . One hundred fifty patients undergoing LAVH were r and omly assigned to  no catheter use , 1-day , and 2-day catheter groups . The relationship between preoperative , intraoperative , and postoperative factors and the rates of UTI and PUR were determined . The incidences of UTI and PUR were 9.3 % and 18.7 % , respectively . The highest rate of UTI occurred in the 2-day catheter group ; the highest rate of PUR occurred in no-catheter-use group . Multivariable logistical regression showed the duration of catheterization was the single predictor of UTI ; duration of catheterization and diabetes mellitus were predictors for PUR . While short-term indwelling catheterization result ed in decreased rate of PUR , UTI rate increased among patients undergoing LAVH . Nonetheless , most patients resumed normal urination shortly after surgery Abstract . Ninety‐two patients with preoperative sterile urine undergoing colposuspension or vaginal repair operation for stress urinary incontinence and /or genital descensus were r and omized to either suprapubic or transurethral postoperative catheter drainage .  The prevalence of significant bac‐teriuria on the fifth postoperative day was statistically significantly lower when using suprapubic catheter ( 20.8 % ) than with transurethral catheter drainage ( 45.5 % ) . This applied especially to colposuspension . The rate of postoperatively impaired bladder emptying also tended to be reduced when using suprapubic catheter . At follow‐up after one year , postoperative bacteriuria was closely correlated to increased rates of both clinical cystitis and asymptomatic significant bacteriuria . Thus it is recommended to use suprapubic bladder drainage not only after colposuspension but also after vaginal repair in an effort to avoid an increased risk of urinary infections Introduction and hypothesisDifferent forms of urinary drainage are applied after  anterior colporrhaphy . Suprapubic urinary catheter ( SUC ) and indwelling urinary catheter ( IUC ) for 2 to 96 h are preferred . If there is no difference in symptomatic urinary tract infection ( SUTI ) or complications between IUCs for 96 and 24 h , the latter will be considered sufficient . If IUCs have no higher rate of infections or complications compared to SUC for 96 h , the former could be considered sufficient . Methods It was a three-arm prospect i ve , r and omized study including 257 patients . The three arms were : IUCs for 24 h , IUCs for 96 h , and SUCs for 96 h. Results We found no significant difference in SUTIs between all three groups . Although the SUC arm showed no SUTIs , a significant higher rate of complications was seen . Conclusion The optimal bladder catheter after anterior colporrhaphy was , in our trial , the IUC for 24 A controversy exists concerning the most appropriate method of bladder drainage after vaginal hysterectomy and anterior-posterior repair . The present study compares the use of the Foley catheter and the suprapubic tube following these operations . One hundred and fifty suitable c and i date s were selected , with 75 using each system . The results showed that the suprapubic group had one-third the rate { 12 % vs 38 % ) of significant bacteriuria when compared to the Foley group at the time the instruments were removed on the fourth postoperative day . In addition the Foley group also had a significant increase in the number of positive urine cultures 6 weeks after the operation ( 10 % vs 2 % ) , a higher incidence of prolonged hospitalization ( greater than 6 days ) , and a more frequent use of bladder analgesics ( 69 % vs 41 % ) . Other advantages in the use of suprapubic tubes after vaginal surgery appeared to be ease of care by ward personnel , greater patient comfort , and a reduced incidence of severe complications . An additional finding of this study was related to the increase of significant bacteriuria in patients receiving cold knife conization prior to hysterectomy . This factor appeared to be constant regardless of the drainage system used although a greater number of cases were found in the Foley group OBJECTIVE To determine the potential benefits of ISC ( intermittent self-catheterisation ) over SPC ( supra-pubic catheterisation ) in the post-operative bladder care of women following radical hysterectomy . METHODS A prospect i ve r and omised controlled trial of women treated by radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer . RESULTS . : 40 women were recruited to the study , 21 to ISC and 19 to SPC . All patients r and omised to ISC were able to learn the technique of ISC satisfactorily following a period of pre-operative training . The day 3 and day 5 positive CSU ( catheter specimen of urine ) rate was significantly higher in the ISC group ( 42 % and 63 % ) compared to the SPC group ( 6 % and 18 % ) , P = 0.05 and P = 0.004 , respectively ) . Eight of 17 patients r and omised to SPC ( 47 % ) documented having symptoms/problems arising from the SPC site of which 4 ( 23 % ) were shown to have a positive wound swab . There was no significant difference in length of period for bladder care between the two groups , P = 0.83 . However , there were significant differences in patient acceptability ( P = 0.009 ) , freedom to lead a normal life ( P = 0.000 ) , disturbance at night ( P = 0.006 ) and patient anxiety/embarrassment ( P = 0.005 ) between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Patients are able to learn the technique of ISC without difficulty . Despite a greater urinary tract infection rate , the high incidence of SPC site problems can be avoided by use of ISC . The technique of ISC was seen to be more acceptable to patients allowing fewer disturbances at night , greater freedom to lead a normal life during the day and less anxiety/embarrassment compared to SPC In a prospect i ve r and omized study comprising 90 women undergoing vaginal plastic surgery , suprapubic and transurethral catheter drainage of the bladder were compared regarding urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria . No statistically significant differences were found . The mean duration of catheterization  was 4.9 days for suprapubic vs 3.3 days for transurethral catheter patients . Postoperative urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 23.7 % of patients with suprapubic and in 27.5 % of patients with transurethral catheters .  Asymptomatic bacteriuria at catheter removal was found in 21.0 % of suprapubic and in 12.5 % of transurethral catheter patients . More mechanical complications were seen with SPCsthan with TUCs . It is concluded that the two methods involve similar risks of infectious complications but that SPCs have a higher rate of mechanical complications OBJECTIVE To compare the use of intermittent urethral catheterization with indwelling suprapubic catheterization in women undergoing surgery for urodynamic stress incontinence or uterovaginal prolapse . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . SETTING Tertiary referral urogynaecology unit . POPULATION Women undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and /or stress urinary incontinence . METHODS Women were r and omized into one of two groups . Group 1 had bladder drainage using a suprapubic catheter inserted in theatre . The catheter was left on free drainage for 48 hours post-operatively before clamping . Group 2 was catheterized intermittently post-operatively . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Length of post-operative hospital stay : time to resume normal voiding ( defined as voided volumes greater than 200 mls and residual urine volumes less than 100 mls on three occasions ) ; number of urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) ; catheterization costs ; patient experience ( determined from question naire ) ; and a pain score . RESULTS 75 women were r and omized ; 38 to suprapubic catheterization ; 37 to intermittent catheterization . Three were withdrawn from study , leaving 36 women in each group . Groups were closely matched for age and type of surgery undertaken . Length of hospital stay and total duration of catheterization were both significantly shorter for the intermittent catheterization group ; although there was no difference in the rate of UTI between the two groups . There was no clear patient preference for a specific catheterization method . CONCLUSIONS The use of intermittent catheterization following urogynaecological surgery is associated with a more rapid return to normal micturition and a shorter hospital stay , although the clinical significance of the difference is perhaps limited Fifty-one patients with clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence were r and omly allocated to either suprapubic ( N = 24 ) or transurethral ( N = 27 ) bladder drainage after vaginal surgery for stress incontinence ( revised Pereyra procedure ) . Postoperative use of suprapubic bladder drainage significantly reduced febrile morbidity ( calculated as fever index ; P < .01 ) and length of hospitalization ( P < .05 ) . Postoperative normal bladder functions resumed more quickly when suprapubic drainage was used ( P < .05 ) , so that most patients did not need bladder catheterization upon discharge , as opposed to more than half of those with Foley catheters , who left the hospital with a catheter in place ( P < .05 ) . We conclude that it is both beneficial and cost-effective to use suprapubic bladder drainage after a Pereyra operation for stress urinary incontinence STUDY OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the incidence of postoperative voiding dysfunction in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy ( VH ) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy ( TLH ) and to identify risk factors for the development of postoperative urinary retention after uncomplicated total hysterectomy . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study ( Canadian Task Force classification II-2 ) . SETTING Gynecology department of a university hospital . PATIENTS Two hundred thirty-three consecutive women undergoing TLH or VH 
    Output:
    
Complications were mostly related to catheter tube malfunction with no visceral injuries reported .
No differences in the rate of recatheterization or hospital stay were demonstrated .
: Based on the best available evidence , no route for bladder drainage in gynecologic patients is clearly superior .
The reduced rate of infective morbidity with suprapubic catheterization is offset by a higher rate of catheter-related complications and crucially does not translate into reduced hospital stay .
Minimally invasive surgery may alter the requirement for prolonged postoperative catheterization