***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The principal objective of these multisite studies ( Florida , New York , New Jersey : epicenters for human immunodeficiency virus [ HIV ] among women ) was to develop and implement effective combinations of behavioral interventions to optimize the health status of the most neglected and understudied population affected by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) epidemic in the United States : poor women of color living with HIV . The two studies enrolled nearly 900 women r and omly assigned to “ high intensity ” ( cognitive – behavioral stress management training combined with expressive – supportive therapy [CBSM]+ group ) or “ low intensity ” ( individual psychoeducational program ) treatment conditions over a period of 9 years . The initial study of the stress management and relaxation training/expressive – supportive therapy ( SMART/EST ) Women ’s Project ( SWP I ) focused on reducing depression and anxiety , as well as improving self-efficacy and overall quality of life for women with case-defined AIDS . Findings from this study demonstrated the utility of CBSM+ in reducing distress ( depression , anxiety ) and denial , while improving social support , self-efficacy , coping skills , and quality of life . The second study ( SWP II ) , which included all women living with HIV , extended these findings by demonstrating that exposure to CBSM+ significantly improved the ability of the participants to take advantage of a health behavior change program encouraging the adoption and maintenance of healthier lifestyle behaviors ( high levels of medication adherence , appropriate nutritional intake and physical activity , safer sexual practice s , and reduced alcohol use/abuse ) essential for optimal health in the context of living with HIV . SWP II also determined that the intervention program was equally beneficial to less-acculturated segments of the affected population ( ie , non-English speaking HIV+ women ) through the creation of culturally and linguistically sensitive Spanish and Creole versions of the program . A third study ( SWP III ) is currently underway to “ translate ” this evidence -based treatment program into Community Health Centers in Miami , New York City , and metropolitan New Jersey UNLABELLED Women account for 1 in 5 new HIV infections in the US , make up 24 % of people living with HIV , and represent a quarter of AIDS diagnoses . Despite the need for continued prevention among young women living with HIV , there is very little in the literature on how best to reduce sexual risk and increase the health and well-being of young women living with HIV .  This article explores the primary and secondary outcomes of a r and omized controlled pilot trial of an intervention entitled EVOLUTION Young Women Taking Charge and Growing Stronger . This behavioral intervention aim ed to decrease sexual risk and empower young women living with HIV by enhancing young women 's knowledge and skills pertaining to HIV risk reduction as well as to the factors that increase women 's vulnerability , such as sexual ine quality , gender , and power imbalances . Findings from this trial demonstrate that group-based behavioral interventions for young women living with HIV have promise to reduce the total number of sexual partners and reduce unprotected vaginal and anal intercourse . However , more work is needed to underst and how best to address the challenges young women face in their day to day lives that impact their sexual risk as well as their overall health and access to care and treatment Nigerian women comprise the fastest growing group of persons with AIDS in Africa .  Antiretroviral therapy has transformed the course of HIV/AIDS to a treatable , chronic illness worldwide . The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of a group intervention using motivational interviewing ( MI ) to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) and use of risk reduction behaviors ( RRB ) among HIV-infected women in Nigeria . Recruited participants ( n=60 ) were r and omly assigned to the motivational group or the health promotion program ( HPP ) control group . The 6 month follow-up results indicate that , compared to the control group , MI participants reported significantly higher levels of adherence to ART , higher knowledge of HIV , higher use of condoms/protection during sexual encounters and decision-making not to have sex when no protection was available . The MI participants also had fewer mean number of sexual partners . MI in group format shows promise in promoting adherence to ART and use of RRB in HIV-infected Nigerian women Child sexual abuse ( CSA ) is associated with HIV risk behaviors [ Bensley , L. , Van Eenwyk , J. , and Simmons , K. W. , 2003 . ] and more prevalent among women living with HIV than in the general population [ Koenig , L. J. , and Clark , H. , 2004 ] . This r and omized Phase ~ I clinical trial tested the impact of a culturally congruent psychoeducational intervention design ed to reduce sexual risks  and increase  HIV medication adherence for HIV-positive women with CSA histories . An ethnically diverse sample of 147 women were r and omized to two conditions : an 11-session Enhanced Sexual Health Intervention ( ESHI ) or an attention control . Results based on “ intent to treat ’ ’ analysesof pre – post changes are reported here . Additional analyses explored whether theobserved effects might depend on “ intervention dose , ’ ’ i.e. , number of sessions attended . Women in the ESHI condition reported greater sexual risk reduction than women in the control condition . Although there were no differences between women in the ESHI and control groups on medication adherence , women in the ESHI condition who attended 8 or more sessions reported greater medication adherence at posttest than control women . The findings provide initial support for this culturally and gender-congruent psychoeducational intervention for HIV-positive women with CSA , and highlight the importance of addressing the effects of CSA on sexual risk reduction and medicationadherence in preventive interventions for women This article presents the results of a r and omized trial in South Africa of an adapted  evidence -based Woman-Focused intervention  on condom use with primary sex partners . The preliminary findings show that regardless of HIV status , condom negotiation was significantly associated with condom use at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups . By intervention group , significant intervention effects were found at 6-month follow-up for HIV-positive and HIV-unknown status women in the Woman-Focused intervention who were more likely than women in the St and ard intervention to report condom use with a primary male partner . Among HIV-positive women , those in the Woman-Focused group and those with greater sexual control were more likely to report condom use at the 6-month follow-up . The findings indicate that gender-based interventions for women may result in increased condom negotiation skills BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have shown that intimate partner violence and gender inequity in relationships are associated with increased prevalence of HIV in women . Yet temporal sequence and causality have been question ed , and few HIV prevention programmes address these issues . We assessed whether intimate partner violence and relationship power inequity increase risk of incident  HIV infection in South African women . METHODS We did a longitudinal analysis of data from a previously published cluster-r and omised controlled trial undertaken in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in 2002 - 06 . 1099 women aged 15 - 26 years who were HIV negative at baseline and had at least one additional HIV test over 2 years of follow-up were included in the analysis .  Gender power equity and intimate partner violence were measured by a sexual relationship power scale and the WHO violence against women instrument , respectively . Incidence rate ratios ( IRRs ) of HIV acquisition at 2 years were derived from Poisson models , adjusted for study design and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection , and used to calculate population attributable fractions . FINDINGS 128 women acquired HIV during 2076 person-years of follow-up ( incidence 6.2 per 100 person-years ) . 51 of 325 women with low relationship power equity at baseline acquired HIV ( 8.5 per 100 person-years ) compared with 73 of 704 women with medium or high relationship power equity ( 5.5 per 100 person-years ) ; adjusted multivariable Poisson model IRR 1.51 , 95 % CI 1.05 - 2.17 , p=0.027 . 45 of 253 women who reported more than one episode of intimate partner violence at baseline acquired HIV ( 9.6 per 100 person-years ) compared with 83 of 846 who reported one or no episodes ( 5.2 per 100 person-years ) ; adjusted multivariable Poisson model IRR 1.51 , 1.04 - 2.21 , p=0.032 . The population attributable fractions were 13.9 % ( 95 % CI 2.0 - 22.2 ) for relationship power equity and 11.9 % ( 1.4 - 19.3 ) for intimate partner violence . INTERPRETATION Relationship power inequity and intimate partner violence increase risk of incident HIV infection in young South African women . Policy , interventions , and programmes for HIV prevention must address both of these risk factors and allocate appropriate re sources . FUNDING National Institute of Mental Health and South African Medical Research Council Throughout Africa , Peer Mentors who are women living with HIV ( WLH ) are supporting pregnant WLH at antenatal and primary healthcare clinics ( McColl in BMJ 344:e1590 , 2012 ) . We evaluate a program using this intervention strategy at 1.5 months post-birth . In a cluster r and omized controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa , eight clinics were r and omized for their WLH to receive either : st and ard care ( SC  ) , based on national guidelines to prevent mother-to-child transmission ( 4 clinics ; n = 656 WLH ) ; or an enhanced intervention ( EI ; 4 clinics ; n = 544 WLH ) . The EI consisted of four antenatal and four postnatal small group sessions led by Peer Mentors , in addition to SC . WLH were recruited during pregnancy and 70 % were reassessed at 1.5 months post-birth . EI ’s effect was ascertained on 16 measures of maternal and infant well-being using r and om effects regressions to control for clinic clustering . A binomial test for correlated outcomes evaluated EI ’s overall effectiveness . Among EI WLH reassessed , 87 % attended at least one intervention session ( mean 4.1 , SD 2.0 ) . Significant overall benefits were found in EI compared to SC using the binomial test . However , it is important to note that EI WLH were significantly less likely to adhere to ARV during pregnancy compared to SC . Secondarily , compared to SC , EI WLH were more likely to ask partners to test for HIV , better protected their infants from HIV transmission , and were less likely to have depressed mood and stunted infants . Adherence to clinic intervention groups was low , yet , there were benefits for maternal and infant health at 1.5 months post-birth INTRODUCTION Exp and ed access to efficacious interventions is needed for women living with human immunodeficiency virus ( WLH ) in the United States . Availability of " prevention with ( human immunodeficiency virus [ HIV ) ] positives " interventions in rural/remote and low HIV prevalence areas remains limited , leaving WLH in these communities few options for receiving effective behavioral interventions such as Healthy Relationships ( HR ) . Offering such programs via videoconferencing groups ( VGs ) may exp and access . This analysis tests the effectiveness of HR-VG ( versus wait-list control ) for reducing sexual risk behavior among WLH and explores intervention satisfaction . SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this r and omized controlled trial unprotected vaginal/anal sex occasions over the prior 3 months reported at the 6-month follow-up were compared across r and omization groups through zero-inflated Poisson regression modeling , controlling for unprotected sex at baseline . Seventy-one WLH were r and omized and completed the baseline assessment ( n=36 intervention and n=35 control ) ; 59 ( 83 % in each group ) had follow-up data . RESULTS Among those who engaged in unprotected sex at 6-month follow-up , intervention participants had approximately seven fewer unprotected occasions than control participants ( 95 % confidence interval 5.43 - 7.43 ) . Intervention participants reported high levels of satisfaction with HR-VG ;  84 % reported being " very satisfied " overall . CONCLUSIONS This study found promising evidence for effective dissemination of HIV risk reduction interventions via VGs . Important next steps will be to determine whether VGs are effective with other sub population s of people living with HIV ( i.e. , men and non-English speakers ) and to assess cost-effectiveness . Possibilities for using VGs to exp and access to other psychosocial and behavioral interventions and reduce stigma are discussed Sexual risk behavior interventions in sub-Saharan Africa focus predominantly on individual and couples counseling . This cognitive-behavioral group intervention was adapted from an urban US context to urban Zambia . Preliminary data analyses assessed the influence of partner participation on sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive Zambian women . Female participants ( n=180 ) attended four group intervention sessions and received sexual behavior skill training and male and female condoms ;  male partners ( n=152 ) were r and omly assigned to high-or low-intensity genderconcordant group intervention sessions .  Sexual risk behavior , strategies , attitudes , and knowledge were assessed at baseline , 6 , and 12 months . At baseline , 19 % of males reported using alcohol before sex , 10 % reported using alcohol to cope , and negative coping was associated with sexual risk behavior . In contrast , 1 % of women reported using alcohol before sex , and 15 % used alcohol as an HIV-coping strategy . Consistent barrier use was 
    Output:
    
While more research is needed , the limited existing evidence suggests that these interventions may help support the SRH and rights of women living with HIV .
This review particularly highlights the importance of these interventions for preventing STIs , which present a significant health burden for women living with HIV that is rarely addressed holistically .