***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Controlled trials that use r and omized allocation are the best tool to control for bias and confounding in trials testing clinical interventions . Investigators must be sure to include information that is required by the reader to judge the validity and implication s of the findings in the reports of these trials . In part , complete reporting of trials will allow clinicians to modify their clinical practice to reflect current evidence toward the improvement of clinical outcomes . The consoli date d st and ards of reporting trials ( CONSORT ) statement was developed to assist investigators , authors , review ers , and editors on the necessary information to be included in reports of controlled clinical trials . The CONSORT statement is applicable to any intervention , including herbal medicinal products . Controlled trials of herbal interventions do not adequately report the information suggested in CONSORT . Recently , reporting recommendations were developed in which several CONSORT items were elaborated to become relevant and complete for r and omized controlled trials of herbal medicines . We expect that these recommendations will lead to more complete and accurate reporting of herbal trials . We wrote this explanatory document to outline the rationale for each recommendation and to assist authors in using them by providing the CONSORT items and the associated elaboration , together with examples of good reporting and empirical evidence , where available , for each . These recommendations for the reporting of herbal medicinal products presented here are open to revision as more evidence accumulates and critical comments are collected Knowledge Discovery in Data bases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) research ers . It is a useful tool in underst and ing and deciphering TCM theories . Aim ing for a better underst and ing of Chinese herbal property theory ( CHPT ) , this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong 's Classic of Materia Medica . The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data . Subsequently , an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters . From the confirmed 120 result ing rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property ( qi , flavor and their combinations ) and herbal efficacy , two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further eluci date d : ( 1 ) the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property ; ( 2 ) the nonr and om overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor . This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT , which would be helpful for its modern research AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese traditional medicines Da Cheng Qi Decoction ( Timely-Purging and Yin-Preserving Decoction ) and Glauber 's salt combined with conservative measures on abdominal compartment syndrome ( ACS ) in severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) patients . METHODS Eighty consecutive SAP patients , admitted for routine non-operative conservative treatment , were r and omly divided into study group and control group ( 40 patients in each group ) . Patients in the study group received Da Cheng Qi Decoction enema for 2 h and external use of Glauber 's salt , once a day for 7 d. Patients in the control group received normal saline ( NS ) enema . Routine non-operative conservative treatments included non-per os nutrition ( NPON ) , gastrointestinal decompression , life support , total parenteral nutrition ( TPN ) , continuous peripancreatic vascular pharmaceutical infusion and drug therapy . Intra-cystic pressure ( ICP ) of the two groups was measured during treatment . The effectiveness and outcomes of treatment were observed and APACHE II scores were applied in analysis . RESULTS On days 4 and 5 of treatment , the ICP was lower in the study group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . On days 3 - 5 of treatment , acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II ( APACHE II ) scores for the study and control groups were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) . Both the effectiveness and outcome of the treatment with Da Cheng Qi Decoction on abdominalgia , burbulence relief time , ascites quantity , cyst formation rate and hospitalization time were quite different between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ) . The mortality rate for the two groups had no significant difference . CONCLUSION Da Cheng Qi Decoction enema and external use of Glauber 's salt combined with routine non-operative conservative treatment can decrease the intra-abdominal pressure ( IAP ) of SAP patients and have preventive and therapeutic effects on abdominal compartment syndrome of SAP OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome after initial non-operative treatment in patients with small bowel obstruction ( SBO ) . DESIGN Prospect i ve study . SETTING University hospital , Norway . PATIENTS One hundred and fifty-four patients with 166 episodes of SBO admitted during the period ( 1994 - 1995 ) . Patients younger than 10 years as well as patients with large bowel obstruction , paralytic ileus , incarcerated hernia or SBO caused by cancer were excluded from the study . INTERVENTIONS Patients with signs of strangulation were operated on early . The rest were given a trial of conservative treatment . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Need of operative treatment . Incidence of bowel strangulation , complications and death . RESULTS There were 166 cases of SBO . Twenty patients were operated on early among whom bowel was strangulated in 9 . Among the 146 patients initially treated conservatively 93 ( 64 % ) settled without operation , 9 ( 6 % ) had strangulated bowel and 3 ( 2 % ) died . Of the 91 patients with partial obstruction but no sign of strangulation , 72 ( 79 % ) resolved on conservative treatment . CONCLUSIONS Patients with partial obstruction with no sign of strangulation should initially be treated conservatively . When complete obstruction is present , it may settle on conservative management , but the use of supplementary diagnostic tools might be desirable to find the patients who will need early operative treatment In order to examine the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang ( DCQT ) on gastrointestinal motility functions  after abdominal surgery in humans , 33 patients with abdominal surgeries and 36 patients with cholecystectomies were divided into the DCQT and the control groups at r and om .  Electrogastrography  ( EGG ) and gastroduodenojejunal manometry was performed and the levels of plasma motilin were measured by radioimmunoassay . The results were as follows : ( 1 ) on the day of surgery , the ratio of EGG normal frequency in the DCQT group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.0016 ) ; ( 2 ) the power of EGG in the DCQT group was higher than in the control group on the second and third days after surgeries ( P=0.0011 and P=0.0215 , respectively ) ; ( 3 ) the percentage of normal bowel peristalsis was significantly higher in the DCQT group than in the control group ( P<0.01 ) ; and ( 4 ) in the DCQT group , the plasma motilin level reached its peak earlier than in the control group . Our results suggest that DCQT can increase plasma motilin , enhance gastrointestinal motility , improve gastric dysrythmia , and reduce gastroparesis after abdominal surgery AIM To observe effects of ACOL on fibrinogen ( FIB ) , fibrin degrading products ( FDP ) and changes of FIB and FDP concentration in rabbits with intro-abdominal exu date s during 7 d after major abdominal surgery . METHODS Sixty New Zeal and rabbits were r and omly divided into 4 groups : ACOL group , the control group , DCT group and the normal group . After being modeled , except the normal group , the other 3 groups were treated with different ways for a week ; the intro-abdominal exu date s of rabbits in the 4 groups were drawn for FIB and FDP measurement once daily during 7 d after major abdominal surgery . RESULTS FIB and FDP in the intro-abdominal exu date s altered in a regular way and ACOL could change the concentration of FIB and FDP in the intra-abdominal exu date s after major abdominal surgery . CONCLUSION ACOL can prevent intestinal adhesion by reducing the concentration of FIB and raising that of FDP in the intro-abdominal exu date s after major abdominal surgery AIM To identify and analyze the clinical presentation , management and outcome of patients with acute mechanical bowel obstruction along with the etiology of obstruction and the incidence and causes of bowel ischemia , necrosis , and perforation . METHODS This is a prospect i ve observational study of all adult patients admitted with acute mechanical bowel obstruction between 2001 and 2002 . RESULTS Of the 150 consecutive patients included in the study , 114 ( 76 % ) presented with small bowel and 36 ( 24 % ) with large bowel obstruction . Absence of passage of flatus ( 90 % ) and /or feces ( 80.6 % ) and abdominal distension ( 65.3 % ) were the most common symptoms and physical finding , respectively . Adhesions ( 64.8 % ) , incarcerated hernias ( 14.8 % ) , and large bowel cancer ( 13.4 % ) were the most frequent causes of obstruction . Eighty-eight patients ( 58.7 % ) were treated conservatively and 62 ( 41.3 % ) were operated ( 29 on the first day ) . Bowel ischemia was found in 21 cases ( 14 % ) , necrosis in 14 ( 9.3 % ) , and perforation in 8 ( 5.3 % ) . Hernias , large bowel cancer , and adhesions were the most frequent causes of bowel ischemia ( 57.2 % , 19.1 % , 14.3 % ) , necrosis ( 42.8 % , 21.4 % , 21.4 % ) , and perforation ( 50 % , 25 % , 25 % ) . A significantly higher risk of strangulation was noticed in incarcerated hernias than all the other obstruction causes . CONCLUSION Absence of passage of flatus and /or feces and abdominal distension are the most common symptoms and physical finding of patients with acute mechanical bowel obstruction , respectively . Adhesions , hernias , and large bowel cancer are the most common causes of obstruction , as well as of bowel ischemia , necrosis , and perforation . Although an important proportion of these patients can be nonoperatively treated , a substantial portion requires immediate operation . Great caution should be taken for the treatment of these patients since the incidence of bowel ischemia , necrosis , and perforation is significantly high OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Dachengqi granule ( DCQG ) on some digestive motility disturbed diseases . METHODS Gastroduodenojejunal manometry , electrogastrography ( EGG ) , RIA of motilin and orocecal transit time test were applied to directly observe the effect of DCQG on human gastrointestinal motility . RESULTS DCQG could significantly improve the postoperational EGG disorder , elevate the amplitude and time of migrating motor complex ( MMC ) phase III , prevent gastrointestinal reversed peristalsis , increase the blood level of motilin , decrease the orocecal transit time , and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal motility . CONCLUSION DCQG is an effective digestive kinetic agent , which could be medicated conveniently in treating digestive motility disturbed diseases R and omized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) of herbal interventions often inadequately describe important aspects of their methods ( 1 - 4 ) . Although the quality of reporting of these trials may be improving with time , many still lack important information , particularly about the composition of the herbal intervention ( 4 , 5 ) . Crude herbal drugs are natural products and their chemical composition varies depending on several factors , such as geographic source of the plant material , climate in which it was grown , and time of harvest . Commercially available herbal medicinal products also vary in their content and concentration of chemical constituents from batch to batch and when products containing the same herbal ingredient are compared among manufacturers ( 6 - 14 ) . Even when herbal products are st and ardized for content of known active or marker compounds to achieve more consistent pharmaceutical quality , there is variation in the concentrations of other constituents . These variations can result in differences in pharmacologic activity in vitro ( 15 ) and in bioavailability in humans ( 16 ) . Mindful of these issues , we elaborated on the 22-item checklist of the Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) statement ( 17 ) to help authors and editors improve reporting of RCTs of herbal interventions . Methods We developed these reporting recommendations in 3 phases that included premeeting item generation , a consensus meeting , and postmeeting feedback . The individuals who participated are listed in the Appendix . To generate items , 1 investigator conducted telephone interviews of 16 participants with expertise in the method and reporting of RCTs ( 5 participants ) , pharmacognosy ( 4 participants ) , herbal medicinal products ( 5 participants ) , medical statistics ( 1 participant ) , and herbal product manufacturing ( 1 participant ) . The investigator asked participants to suggest revisions to existing CONSORT checklist items and also to additional items required for reporting trials of herbal interventions . He asked participants to nominate revisions or new items on the basis of empirical evidence that not reporting the item would bias estimates of treatment effect . When no empirical evidence was available , commonsense reasoning was acceptable . After completing all telephone calls , the investigator thematically grouped items and circulated them by e-mail to each participant for review . Fourteen participants attended the consensus meeting . The meeting began with a review of the premeeting checklist item suggestions . We emphasized minimizing item elaborations and additions and basing elaborations on evidence whenever possible . Each item suggestion was presented and followed by debate for its inclusion 
    Output:
    
DCQD combined with conservative therapy may increase the success rate of conservative therapy for intestinal obstruction significantly and can shorten the duration of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery compared with conservative therapy alone