***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES To evaluate the extent of bone fill over 3 years following the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with bone grafting with or without a membrane . MATERIAL AND METHODS In a non-submerged wound-healing mode , 15 subjects with 27 implants were treated with a bone substitute ( Algipore ( ® ) ) alone and 17 subjects with 29 implants were treated with the bone substitute and a resorbable membrane ( Osseoquest ( ® ) ) . Implants with radiographic  bone  loss ≥1.8 mm following the first year in function and with bleeding and /or pus on probing were included . Following surgery , subjects were given systemic antibiotics ( 10 days ) and rinsed with chlorhexidine . After initial healing , the subjects were enrolled in a strict maintenance programme . RESULTS Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate changes in bone fill between 1 and 3 years both between and within procedure groups . The mean defect fill at 3 years was 1.3 ± ( SD ) 1.3 mm if treated with the bone substitute alone and 1.6 ± ( SD ) 1.2 mm if treated with an adjunct resorbable membrane , ( p=0.40 ) . The plaque index decreased from approximately 40 - 10 % , remaining stable during the following 2 years . CONCLUSION Defect fill using a bone substitute with or without a membrane technique in the treatment of peri-implantitis can be maintained over 3 years OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of two surface decontamination methods on the long-term outcomes following combined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri-implantitis lesions . MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen patients ( n = 17 combined supra- and intrabony-defects ) completed the 48 months follow-up observation following access flap surgery , granulation tissue removal and implantoplasty at bucally and supracrestally exposed implant parts . The remaining unmodified implant surface areas were r and omly treated using either ( i ) an Er : YAG laser ( ERL ) , or ( ii ) plastic curets + cotton pellets + sterile saline ( CPS ) , and augmented with a natural bone mineral + collagen membrane . RESULTS At 48 months , CPS-treated sites tended to reveal higher reductions in mean BOP ( CPS : 85.2 ± 16.4 % versus ERL : 71.6 ± 24.9 % ) and CAL values ( CPS : 1.5 ± 2.0 mm versus ERL : 1.2 ± 2.0 mm ) when compared with the ERL group . In both groups , clinical outcomes were not directly influenced by the initial defect configuration . CONCLUSION The 4-year clinical outcomes obtained following combined surgical resective/regenerative therapy of advanced peri-implantitis were not influenced by the method of surface decontamination The purpose of this study was to histometrically evaluate an absorbable collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) and a nonabsorbable polytetrafluoroethylene membrane ( PTFE ) , associated with or without bone grafts , regarding " re-osseointegration " after treating ligature-induced peri-implantitis defects in dogs . All m and ibular premolars were removed from five 2-year-old mongrel dogs . After 3 months of healing , 3 titanium implants were placed on each side of the m and ible . Experimental peri-implantitis was induced with ligatures after abutment connection . Ligatures and abutments were removed after 1 month and the bone defects were r and omly assigned to one of the following treatments ; debridement alone ( DB ) , debridement plus PTFE membrane associated with mineralized bone graft ( Bio-Oss ) ( GBR+BG-I ) , debridement plus collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) associated with mineralized bone graft ( GBR+BG-II ) , debridement plus PTFE membrane ( GBR-I ) , debridement plus collagen membrane ( GBR-II ) , or debridement plus mineralized-bone graft ( BG ) . The dogs were sacrificed after 5 months . Data analysis did not reveal significant differences among the treatments regarding the percentage of bone-to-implant contact ( " re-osseointegration " ) within the limits of the threads of the implant ( P = .997 ) . Thus , in the treatment of peri-implantitis , debridement alone as well as grafting alone had the same effect as did either membrane AIM To compare the effectiveness of two anti-infective protocol s for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with one implant diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis ( bleeding on probing [ BOP ] with no loss of supporting bone ) were r and omly assigned to a control or test group . Following an assessment of baseline parameters ( probing depth , BOP , suppuration , presence of plaque ) , all patients received non-surgical mechanical debridement at the implant sites and were instructed to brush around the implant twice daily using a gel provided for a period of 4 weeks . The test group ( 15 patients ) received a chlorhexidine gel ( 0.5 % ) , and the control group ( 14 patients ) received a placebo gel . The study was performed double blind . After 4 weeks , patients were instructed to discontinue using the gel and to continue with routine oral hygiene at the implant sites . Baseline parameters were repeated at 1 and 3 months . RESULTS At 1 month , there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of sites with BOP and mean probing depth measurements at implants in both groups . There were also some statistically significant changes in these parameters from 1 to 3 months . However , there were no statistically significant differences between test and control groups . One month following treatment , 76 % of implants had a reduction in BOP . Complete resolution of BOP at 3 months was achieved in 38 % of the treated implants . The presence of a submucosal restoration margin result ed in significantly lower reductions in probing depth following treatment . CONCLUSIONS Non-surgical debridement and oral hygiene were effective in reducing peri-implant mucositis , but did not always result in complete resolution of inflammation . Adjunctive chlorhexidine gel application did not enhance the results compared with mechanical cleansing alone . Implants with supramucosal restoration margins showed greater therapeutic improvement compared with those with submucosal restoration margins The purpose of this study was to clinical ly evaluate an absorbable collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) and a nonabsorbable polytetrafluoroethylene membrane ( PTFE ) , associated or not with bone grafts , for the treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis defects in dogs . The bilateral m and ibular premolars were removed from 5 2-year-old mongrel dogs . After 3 months of healing , 3 titanium implants were placed on each side of the m and ible . Experimental peri-implantitis was induced after abutment connection . Ligatures and abutments were removed after 1 month and the bone defects were r and omly assigned to one of the following treatments : DB : debridement alone ; GBR+BG-I : debridement plus PTFE membrane associated with mineralized bone graft ( Bio-Oss ) ; GBR+BG-II : debridement plus collagen membrane ( Bio-Gide ) associated with mineralized bone graft ; GBR-I : debridement plus PTFE membrane ; GBR-II : debridement plus collagen membrane ; BG : debridement plus mineralized bone graft . The peri-implant bone defects were measured before and 5 months after treatment . Results showed the greatest percentage of vertical bone fill for GBR+BG-II ( 27.77+/-14.07 ) followed by GBR-II ( 21.78+/-16.19 ) , BG ( 21.26+/-6.87 ) , GBR+BG-I ( 19.57+/-13.36 ) , GBR-I ( 18.86+/-10.63 ) and DB ( 14.03+/-5.6 ) . However , the values were not statistically significant ( ANOVA , contrast F test , P=0.612 ) . Within the limits of the present investigation , it can be concluded that no difference was detected among treatments OBJECTIVES The present case series aim ed at investigating the 4-year clinical outcomes following surgical regenerative therapy of peri-implantitis lesions using either a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite ( NHA ) or a natural bone mineral in combination with a collagen membrane ( NBM+CM ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty patients suffering from moderate peri-implantitis ( n=20 intrabony defects ) were r and omly treated with ( 1 ) access flap surgery ( AFS ) and the application of NHA ( n=9 ) , or with AFS and the application of NBM+CM ( n=11 ) . Clinical and radiographic ( R ) parameters were recorded at baseline ( R ) and after 36 and 48 ( R ) months of non-submerged healing . RESULTS One patient from the NBM+CM group was discontinued from the study due to severe pus formation at 36 months . Compared with NHA , the application of NBM+CM result ed in higher mean PD reductions ( NBM+CM : 2.5 + /- 0.9 mm versus NHA : 1.1 + /- 0.3 mm ) and clinical attachment-level gains ( NBM+CM : 2.0 + /- 1.0 mm versus NHA : 0.6 + /- 0.5 mm ) at 48 months . A radiographic bone fill was observed for five sites in the NHA group , and eight sites in the NBM+CM group . CONCLUSION While the application of NBM+CM result ed in clinical improvements over a period of 4 years , the long-term outcome obtained with NHA without barrier membrane must be considered as poor BACKGROUND Advanced peri-implant intrabony defects require comprehensive surgical treatment regimens different from periodontal therapy strategies . The purpose of this longitudinal trial was to evaluate the peri-implant outcomes following guided bone regeneration with 3 treatment protocol s. METHODS In 25 patients , 41 peri-implant defects with supporting bone loss > 50 % of the implant length were treated with flap surgery plus autogenous bone grafts alone ( FG ) ( controls , n = 12 ) plus non-resorbable ( FGM ) ( test 1 , n = 20 ) or bioabsorbable barriers ( FGRM ) ( test 2 , n = 9 ) and supportive antimicrobial therapy . Following submerged healing , the membranes were removed ( FGM ) , and the peri-implant probing depths ( PD ) , probing bone levels ( BL ) , mobility scores ( PT ) , and intrabony defect height ( DH ) were radiographically evaluated at baseline , 6 months , and 1 and 3 years post-therapy . RESULTS Non-surgical/anti-infective therapy result ed in a limited improvement of PD scores after 6 months . At the 3-year visit , surgical treatment revealed significant changes from baseline for the controls and both of the test groups for PD : 5.1 + /- 2.7 mm ( FG ) , 5.4 + /- 3.0 mm ( FGM ) , and 2.6 + /- 1.6 mm ( FGRM ) , and for BL : 3.2 + /- 2.4 mm ( FG ) , 3.4 + /- 2.4 mm ( FGM ) , and 2.3 + /- 1.6 mm ( FGRM ) , Mann-Whitney test , P < or = 0.05 . The changes for DH and PT were significant only for FG- and FGM-treated subjects . The overall improvement for FGRM-treated patients during the 3-year observation was less marked . However , the differences between the 3 surgical treatment protocol s did not affect the treatment outcomes after 3 years . CONCLUSIONS Autogenous bone grafting is an appropriate treatment regimen to augment open crater-formed peri-implant defects . Although certain clinical situations require an additional fixation of barrier membranes , their routine application should be approached with caution OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to ( 1 ) compare prospect ively the clinical and radiographic changes in periodontal and peri-implant conditions , ( 2 ) investigate the association of changes in periodontal parameters and peri-implant conditions over a mean observation period of 10 years ( 8 - 12 years ) after implant installation , and ( 3 ) evaluate patient risk factors known to aggravate the periodontal conditions for their potential influence on the peri-implant tissue status . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Eighty-nine partially edentulous patients with a mean age of 58.9 years ( 28 - 88 years ) were examined at 1 and 10 years after implant placement . The patients contributed with 179 implants that were placed after comprehensive periodontal treatment and restored with crowns or fixed partial dentures . One hundred and seventy-nine matching control teeth were chosen as controls . Also , the remaining teeth ( n=1770 ) in the dentitions were evaluated . Data on smoking habits and general health aspects were collected at 1 and 10 years as well . RESULTS At 10 years , statistically significant differences existed between implants and matching control teeth with regard to most of the clinical and radiographic parameters ( P<0.01 ) with the exception of plaque index ( PII ) and recession . Multiple regression analyses were performed to associate combinations of periodontal diagnostic parameters to the peri-implant conditions : probing attachment level ( PAL ) at implants at 10 years was associated with implant location , 
    Output:
    
There is limited evidence in the literature reporting long-term results of the regenerative approach for treating peri-implantitis .
However , this finding must be interpreted with caution , since it is difficult to discern between grafting material and newly formed bone