***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
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    Input: UNLABELLED Mobile technology use , including Short Messaging Service ( SMS ) text messaging , has increased in health care services . Preferences regarding the type or timing of text messages sent by healthcare providers to people with antipsychotic medication have not yet been fully investigated . This study examines the relationship between patients ' demographic characteristics and the tailored messages they select . The study ( " Mobile . Net " , IS RCT N 27704027 ) includes a structured analysis of a r and om sub- sample of participants who received messages for 12months . The data were collected in 24 sites and 45 psychiatric hospitals in Finl and and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Poisson regression models . The study sample involved 562 people on antipsychotic medication , and a total of 2112 text messages  ( 2 to 25 monthly ) were analysed . Regarding message content , there was no significant variation in the proportions relating to ' medication ' , ' treatment appointments ' or ' free time ' . Monday was the most popular day to receive messages and morning was preferred to later in the day . Age was most closely associated with ' number of messages ' and ' time of messages ' .  Older women and younger men preferred higher numbers of messages ( p=0.0031 ) . Participants preferred positive , encouraging and slightly humorous messages . The findings suggest that messages may be acceptable for difficult to access groups in follow-up . This type of intervention may be useful for various types of patients especially for younger males . To further support the evidence about factors related to message utilization and use , it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of text messages in psychiatric care Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more Background Semi-structured interview scales for psychosis are the gold st and ard approach to assessing psychotic and other symptoms . However , such assessment s have limitations such as recall bias , averaging , insensitivity to change and variable interrater reliability . Ambulant , real-time self-report assessment devices may hold advantages over interview measures , but it needs to be shown that the data thus collected are valid , and the collection method is acceptable , feasible and safe . We report on a monitoring system for the assessment of psychosis using smartphone technology . The primary aims were to : i ) assess validity through correlations of item responses with those on widely accepted interview assessment s of psychosis , and ii ) examine compliance to the procedure in individuals with psychosis of varying severity . Methods A total of 44 participants ( acute or remitted DSM-4 schizophrenia and related disorders , and prodromal ) completed 14 branching self-report items concerning key psychotic symptoms on a touch-screen mobile phone when prompted by an alarm at six pseudo-r and om times , each day , for one week . Face to face PANSS and CDS interviews were conducted before and after the assessment period blind to the ambulant data . Results Compliance as defined by completion of at least 33 % of all possible data -points over seven days was 82 % . In the 36 compliant participants , 5 items ( delusions , hallucinations , suspiciousness , anxiety , hopelessness ) showed moderate to strong ( rho 0.6 - 0.8 ) associations with corresponding items from interview rating scales . Four items showed no significant correlation with rating scales : each was an item based on observable behaviour . Ambulant ratings showed excellent test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change . Conclusions Ambulatory monitoring of symptoms several times daily using smartphone software applications represents a feasible and valid way of assessing psychotic phenomena for research and clinical management purpose s. Further evaluation required over longer assessment periods , in clinical trials and service setting Background Mobile phone – based assessment may represent a cost-effective and clinical ly effective method of monitoring psychotic symptoms in real-time . There are several software options , including the use of native smartphone applications and text messages ( short message service , SMS ) . Little is known about the strengths and limitations of these two approaches in monitoring symptoms in individuals with serious mental illness . Objective The objective of this study was to compare two different delivery modalities of the same diagnostic assessment for individuals with non-affective psychosis — a native smartphone application employing a graphical , touch user interface against an SMS text-only implementation . The overall hypothesis of the study was that patient participants with sewrious mental illness would find both delivery modalities feasible and acceptable to use , measured by the quantitative post- assessment feedback question naire scores , the number of data points completed , and the time taken to complete the assessment . It was also predicted that a native smartphone application would ( 1 ) yield a greater number of data points , ( 2 ) take less time , and ( 3 ) be more positively appraised by patient participant users than the text-based system . Methods A r and omized repeated measures crossover design was employed . Participants with currently treated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( Fourth Edition ) schizophrenia or related disorders ( n=24 ) were r and omly allocated to completing 6 days of assessment ( four sets of questions per day ) with a native smartphone application or the SMS text-only implementation . There was then a 1-week break before completing a further 6 days with the alternative delivery modality . Quantitative feedback question naires were administered at the end of each period of sampling . Results A greater proportion of data points were completed with the native smartphone application in comparison to the SMS text-only implementation ( β = -.25 , SE=.11 , P=.02 ) , which also took significantly less time to complete ( β = .78 , SE= .09 , P<.001 ) . Although there were no significant differences in participants ’ quantitative feedback for the two delivery modalities , most participants reported preferring the native smartphone application ( 67 % ; n=16 ) and found it easier to use ( 71 % ; n=16 ) . 33 % of participants reported that they would be willing to complete mobile phone assessment for 5 weeks or longer . Conclusions Native smartphone applications and SMS text are both valuable methods of delivering real-time assessment in individuals with schizophrenia . However , a more streamlined graphical user interface may lead to better compliance and shorter entry times . Further research is needed to test the efficacy of this technology within clinical services , to assess validity over longer periods of time and when delivered on patients ’ own phones OBJECTIVE Hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases represent a growing threat to low/middle-income countries ( LMICs ) . Mobile health technologies may improve noncommunicable disease outcomes , but LMICs lack re sources to provide these services . We evaluated the efficacy of a cloud computing model using automated self-management calls plus home blood pressure ( BP ) monitoring as a strategy for improving systolic BPs ( SBPs ) and other outcomes of hypertensive patients in two LMICs . SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a r and omized trial with a 6-week follow-up . Participants with high SBPs ( ≥140 mm Hg if nondiabetic and ≥130 mm Hg if diabetic ) were enrolled from clinics in Honduras and Mexico . Intervention patients received weekly automated monitoring and behavior change telephone calls sent from a server in the United States , plus a home BP monitor . At baseline , control patients received BP results , hypertension information , and usual healthcare . The primary outcome , SBP , was examined for all patients in addition to a preplanned subgroup with low literacy or high hypertension information needs . Secondary outcomes included perceived health status and medication-related problems . RESULTS Of the 200 patients recruited , 181 ( 90 % ) completed follow-up , and 117 of 181 had low literacy or high hypertension information needs . The median annual income was $ 2,900 USD , and average educational attainment was 6.5 years . At follow-up intervention patients ' SBPs decreased 4.2 mm Hg relative to controls ( 95 % confidence interval -9.1 , 0.7 ; p=0.09 ) . In the subgroup with high information needs , intervention patients ' average SBPs decreased 8.8 mm Hg ( -14.2 , -3.4 , p=0.002 ) . Compared with controls , intervention patients at follow-up reported fewer depressive symptoms ( p=0.004 ) , fewer medication problems ( p<0.0001 ) , better general health ( p<0.0001 ) , and greater satisfaction with care ( p≤0.004 ) . CONCLUSIONS Automated telephone care management plus home BP monitors can improve outcomes for hypertensive patients in LMICs . A cloud computing model within regional telecommunication centers could make these services available in areas with limited infrastructure for patient-focused informatics support CONTEXT Indicated prevention is currently regarded as the most promising strategy to attenuate , delay , or even avert psychosis . Existing criteria need improvement in terms of specificity and individual risk assessment to allow for better targeted and earlier interventions . OBJECTIVE To develop a differential predictive clinical model of transition to first-episode psychosis .  DESIGN Prospect i ve multicenter , naturalistic field study with a total follow-up time of 18 months . SETTING Six early-detection outpatient centers in Germany , Finl and , the Netherl and s , and Engl and . PARTICIPANTS Two hundred forty-five help-seeking patients in a putatively prodromal state of psychosis according to either ultra-high-risk ( UHR ) criteria or the basic symptom-based criterion cognitive disturbances ( COGDIS ) .  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence of transition to psychosis . RESULTS At 18-month follow-up , the incidence rate for transition to psychosis was 19 % . Combining UHR and COGDIS yielded the best sensitivity . A prediction model was developed and included positive symptoms , bizarre thinking , sleep disturbances , a schizotypal disorder , level of functioning in the past year , and years of education . With a positive likelihood ratio of 19.9 , an area under the curve of 80.8 % , and a positive predictive value of 83.3 % , diagnostic accuracy was excellent . A 4-level prognostic index further classifying the general risk of the whole sample predicted instantaneous incidence rates of up to 85 % and allowed for an estimation of time to transition . CONCLUSIONS The prediction model identified an increased risk of psychosis with appropriate prognostic accuracy in our sample . A 2-step risk assessment is proposed , with UHR and cognitive disturbance criteria serving as first-step criteria for general risk and the prognostic index as a second-step tool for further risk classification of each patient . This strategy will allow clinicians to target preventive measures and will support efforts to unveil the biological and environmental mechanisms underlying progression to psychosis BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a short message service (SMS)-based strategy on adherence to antipsychotic treatment . METHODS A multicentre , r and omised , open-label , controlled , 6-month study with clinical ly stabilised out patients with schizophrenia was conducted . The patients assigned to the intervention received daily SMS reminders to take their medication for 3 months . Self-reported medication adherence was determined using the Morisky Green Adherence Question naire ( MAQ ) . Secondary outcomes were severity of illness , attitude towards medication , insight into illness and health-related quality of life . RESULTS A total of 254 patients were analysed . A significantly greater improvement in adherence was observed among patients receiving SMS text messages compared with the control group . The mean change in MAQ total score from baseline to month 3 was -1.0 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -1.02 , -0.98 ) and -0.7 ( 95%CI -0.72 , -0.68 ) , respectively ( P=0.02 ) . Greater improvement in negative , cognitive and global clinical symptoms at month 3 was observed . Attitude towards medication also significantly improved across the study in the intervention group versus the controls . CONCLUSIONS An SMS-based intervention seems feasible and acceptable for enhancing medication adherence . Further studies are needed to confirm whether this kind of intervention could be a complementary strategy to optimise adherence in schizophrenia BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many people with schizophrenia have severe cognitive impairments that hamper their activities . The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated , but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain . Therefore , we sought for alternative ways to help patients cope with the effects of their cognitive impairments . In the present study , we have evaluated the efficacy of short message service ( SMS ) text messages to compensate for the effects of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia in daily life . DESIGN A waiting list controlled trial was conducted : patients were quasi-r and omly assigned to an A-B-A ( baseline-intervention-follow-up ) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list . The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome . METHOD Sixty-two people with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders were included in the study . All patients showed impaired goal -directed behaviour in daily life-situations . Patients were prompted with SMS text messages to improve their everyday functioning . The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved . RESULTS The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting , while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts . Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting , while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged . A majority of the patients enjoyed receiving the SMS text messages . DISCUSSION Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals . For other goals , combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated Background . Low and middle income countries ( LMICs ) are facing an increase of the impact of mental health problems while confronted with limited re sources and limited access to mental health care , known as the ‘ mental health gap ’ . One strategy to reduce the mental health gap would be to utilize the internet to provide more widely-distributed 
    Output:
    
Considering the increasing access to mobile devices globally , mHealth may potentially increase access to appropriate mental health care .