***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Major depression is a world-wide problem that can be treated with various forms of psychotherapy . There is strong research support for treating major depression using cognitive behavior therapy delivered in the format of guided self-help via the Internet ( ICBT ) . Recent research also suggests that psychodynamic psychotherapy can be delivered as guided self-help via the Internet ( IPDT ) and that it seem to be as effective as ICBT for mild to moderate depression . However , no head-to-head comparison between the two treatments exists . In the field of Internet interventions it is largely unexplored if treatment preference affects outcome and adherence . Methods Participants were allocated to  IPDT or ICBT based on their stated preference . More than half of the participants preferred ICBT ( N = 30 ) over IPDT ( N = 14 ) .  Differences in efficacy between treatments were explored . Correlations between strength of preference and treatment outcome , adherence to treatment and completion of the whole treatment program were explored . Data were collected before and after treatment , as well as in a 7-month follow-up . Results During the treatment period , both programs performed equally well in reducing symptoms . More participants who received IPDT completed the entire program . At follow-up , mixed-effects models showed that participants who chose ICBT improved more in terms of quality of life . The ICBT group also had a significant increase in participants who recovered from their depression from post-treatment to follow-up . Exploratory analyses indicated that strength of preference was correlated with adherence to treatment and completion of the whole program , and long-term outcome for the ICBT group . Conclusions Few differences were found during the acute treatment phase , but the long-term effects are in favor of ICBT . Strength of preference for treatment seems to have a predictive value . Further research comparing the efficacy of ICBT and IPDT , and the effects of preference matching and strength of preference , is warranted . Trial registration This trial is a continuation of the study registered as NCT01324050 at Clinical trials.gov BACKGROUND Internet-based interventions ( IBI ) are effective in treating depression . However , uptake rates in routine care are still limited . Hence , this study aim ed to ( 1 ) assess the acceptance of IBIs in primary care patients with depressive symptoms and to ( 2 ) examine the effects of a brief acceptance facilitating intervention in the form of an informational video on patients ' acceptance of IBIs . METHODS Primary care patients ( N=128 ) with Minor or Major Depression were r and omly assigned to an intervention ( IG ) or control group ( CG ) . Patients in the IG were shown a brief informational video about IBIs before receiving a question naire that assessed their  acceptance  of IBIs and other secondary outcomes . Patients of the CG filled out the question naire immediately . RESULTS Baseline acceptance of IBIs in the CG was high for 6.3 % , moderate for 53.1 % and low for 40.6 % of patients . Acceptance of IBIs was significantly higher in the IG when compared to the CG ( d=.71 , 95%-CI:.09 - 2.91 ) . Except for social influence and the general attitude towards psychological treatment , all secondary outcomes were also significantly improved ( e.g. effort- ( d=.40 ) and performance-expectancy : d=.65 ; knowledge about Internet interventions d=.35 ) . LIMITATIONS Depression of the participants was only assessed using a self-report measure ( PHQ-9 ) . CONCLUSION Primary care patients '  acceptance of IBIs for depressive symptoms was low but could be increased significantly using a brief acceptance facilitating intervention on the basis of an informational video . Future studies should further examine the potential of acceptance facilitating interventions for patients and health care providers to exploit the public health impact of IBIs Background Lack of appropriate reporting of method ological details has previously been shown to distort risk of bias assessment s in r and omized controlled trials . The same might be true for observational studies . The goal of this study was to compare the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ( NOS ) assessment for risk of bias between review ers and authors of cohort studies included in a published systematic review on risk factors for severe outcomes in patients infected with influenza . Methods Cohort studies included in the systematic review and published between 2008–2011 were included . The corresponding or first authors completed a survey covering all NOS items . Results were compared with the NOS assessment applied by review ers of the systematic review . Inter-rater reliability was calculated using kappa ( K ) statistics . Results Authors of 65/182 ( 36 % ) studies completed the survey . The overall NOS score was significantly higher ( p < 0.001 ) in the review ers ’ assessment ( median = 6 ; interquartile range [ IQR ] 6–6 ) compared with those by authors ( median = 5 , IQR 4–6 ) . Inter-rater reliability by item ranged from slight ( K = 0.15 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = −0.19 , 0.48 ) to poor ( K = −0.06 , 95 % CI = −0.22 , 0.10 ) . Reliability for the overall score was poor ( K = −0.004 , 95 % CI = −0.11 , 0.11 ) . Conclusions Differences in assessment and low agreement between review ers and authors suggest the need to contact authors for information not published in studies when applying the NOS in systematic review BACKGROUND Only a minority of people suffering from depression receive adequate treatment . Psychological Online Interventions ( POIs ) could help bridge existing treatment gaps and augment the effectiveness of current treatments . Apart from effectiveness , user acceptance of POIs must be achieved if such interventions are to be broadly implemented in existing health-care . Valid measurement tools examining attitudes towards POIs are lacking . Therefore , we examined the dimensionality of attitudes towards POIs , developed a novel question naire , the Attitudes towards Psychological Online Interventions Question naire ( APOI ) , and gathered data to examine its reliability . METHODS We recruited a sample of 1004 adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms from a range of sources . We constructed a set of 35 items based on literature review as well as expert and patient queries . The initial items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis ( EFA ) in a r and omly selected sub sample . A final set of 16 items was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis ( CFA ) to cross-vali date the factor structure in a separate sub sample . RESULTS The EFA revealed four dimensions : " Scepticism and Perception of Risks " , " Confidence in Effectiveness " , " Technologization Threat " and " Anonymity Benefits " . The model fit in the CFA was excellent relating to all applied indices ( χ(2)=105.816 , p=.651 ; SRMR=.042 ; RMSEA=.013 ; CFI=.994 ) and the APOI total scale showed acceptable to good internal consistency . CONCLUSIONS Further research with the APOI might facilitate the development and dissemination of POIs and , ultimately , help improve the quality of care for people experiencing depressive symptoms BACKGROUND By identifying which predictors and moderators lead to beneficial outcomes , accurate selection of the best initial treatment will have significant benefits for depressed individuals . METHOD An automated , fully self-guided r and omized controlled internet-delivered noninferiority trial was conducted comparing two new interventions ( Interpersonal Psychotherapy [ IPT ; n=620 ] and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [ CBT ; n=610 ] ) to an active control intervention ( MoodGYM ; n=613 ) over a period of 4 weeks to spontaneous visitors of an internet-delivered therapy website ( e-couch ) . A range of putative predictors and moderators ( socio-demographic characteristics [ age , gender , marital status , education level ] , clinical characteristics [ depression/anxiety symptoms , disability , quality of life , medication use ] , skills [ mastery and dysfunctional attitudes ] and treatment preference ) were assessed using internet-delivered self-report measures at baseline and immediately following treatment and at six months follow-up . Analyses were conducted using Mixed Model Repeated Measures ( MMRM ) . RESULTS Female gender , lower mastery and lower dysfunctional attitudes predicted better outcome at post-test and /or follow-up regardless of intervention . No overall differential effects for condition on depression as a function of outcome were found . However , based on time-specific estimates , a significant interaction effect of age was found . For younger people , internet-delivered IPT may be the preferred treatment choice , whereas older participants derive more benefits from internet-delivered CBT programs . LIMITATIONS Although the sample of participants was large , power to detect moderator effects was still lacking . CONCLUSIONS Different e-mental health programs may be more beneficial for specific age groups . The findings raise important possibilities for increasing depression treatment effectiveness and improving clinical practice guidelines for depression treatment of different age groups OBJECTIVE The study examined factors associated with the utilization of  psychotherapy  offered in primary care via videoconferencing ( telepsychotherapy ) . METHODS Primary care patients with depression ( N=179 ) recruited from five Federally Qualified Health Centers were r and omly assigned to telemedicine-based collaborative care and offered free telepsychotherapy . Independent variables included measures of access to and need for treatment . Logistic regression identified variables associated with acceptability of and initiation and engagement in telepsychotherapy . RESULTS To 76 % of patients the idea of participating in psychotherapy was acceptable . Thirty-eight percent scheduled a  telepsychotherapy session , 17 % attended a session , and 8 % engaged in treatment ( attended at least eight sessions ) . Because the intervention was design ed to minimize barriers , access was not a significant predictor of utilization . However , use of telepsychotherapy was associated with measures of perceived need . CONCLUSIONS Even when psychotherapy was delivered in a primary care setting via videoconferencing to minimize barriers , few patients initiated or engaged in telepsychotherapy Purpose Internet treatments have the potential to improve access , especially for cultural groups who face considerable treatment barriers . This study explored the perceived barriers and likelihood of using Internet and face-to-face treatments for depression among Chinese and Caucasian Australian participants . Methods Three-hundred ninety-five ( 289 Chinese , 106 Caucasian ) primary care patients completed a question naire about depression history , previous help-seeking , perceived barriers to Internet and face-to-face treatment , and likelihood of using either treatment for depressive symptoms . Results Internet treatment reduced perceived barriers ( including stigma , lack of motivation , concerns of bringing up up setting feelings , time constraints , transport difficulties , and cost ) for both groups to a similar degree , except for time constraints . There were heightened concerns about the helpfulness , suitability , and confidentiality of Internet treatments . Chinese participants and individuals with a probable depression history reported increased perceived barriers across treatments . Both Chinese and Caucasian groups preferred face-to-face treatment across depression severity . However , when age was controlled , there were no significant concerns about Internet treatment , and face-to-face treatment was only preferred for severe depression . Only 12 % of the entire sample refused to try Internet treatment for depression . Endorsement of perceived Internet treatment barriers ( including concerns of bringing up up setting feelings , that treatment would be unhelpful or unsuitable , lack of motivation , cost , cultural sensitivity , and confidentiality ) reduced the likelihood to try Internet treatments . Conclusions Internet treatment reduced perceived treatment barriers across groups , with encouraging support for Internet treatment as an acceptable form of receiving help . Negative concerns about Internet treatment need to be addressed to encourage use E-mental health services are Internet-based treatment options for mental illness . There has been a proliferation of these services in recent years , with online programs now available for the treatment of mood , anxiety , eating , adjustment , and substance use disorders . ( 1 ) E-mental health services allow for greater dissemination of psychological treatments , are cost effective , and may overcome a number of client barriers to care . ( 1 ) However , the limited research available indicates that attitudes about e-mental health services are less than optimal . Past research has found that providing information about services can improve attitudes . This study investigated the relationship between knowledge of e-mental health services and attitudes toward e-mental health services .  The attitudes examined were the perceived helpfulness of e-mental health services and the likelihood of using the services .  Participants ( N=217 ) were r and omly assigned to one of three conditions : provision of e-mental health information by means of film ; provision of e-mental health information by text ; or provision of no e-mental health information . Results indicated that participants perceived online programs without therapist assistance as being significantly less helpful , and reported reduced likelihood of engaging in these programs when compared to other e-mental health services . Participants in the text intervention group reported higher likelihood of e-mental health use in the future , whereas there were no effects for the film group . Results indicate that participants perceive important differences between types of e-mental health services , and that a brief text intervention can improve attitudes toward these services . Limitations of the present study and directions for future research are discussed 
    Output:
    
Taken together , the findings of included surveys suggested that e-mental health treatment services were perceived as less helpful than traditional face-to-face interventions .
Additionally , intentions to future use e-mental health treatments were overall smaller in comparison to face-to-face services .
Professional support was essential for help-seeking intentions in case of psychological distress .
Therapist-assisted e-mental health services were preferred over unguided programs .
Unexpectedly , assumed associations between familiarity with Web-based self-help for health purpose s or " e-awareness " and intentions to use  e-mental health services were weak or inconsistent .