***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The effects of oral environment stabilization procedures on counts of C and ida spp . have rarely been discussed , and no conclusive results are found in the literature . The aim of this study was thus to ascertain the effects of oral environment stabilization procedures with glass ionomer and zinc oxide-eugenol cements on counts of C and ida spp . in the oral cavity of children . For this purpose , oral rinses of sterile phosphate-buffered saline were initially collected from 30 boys and 30 girls , positive for C and ida in the saliva and aged from 4 to 10 years . Data on the initial quantity of CFU/ml of C and ida were obtained . Then , the children were r and omly divided into two groups and oral environment stabilization procedures were performed using zinc oxide-eugenol cement or glass ionomer cement . One week after the procedures were performed , oral rinses were collected again and final C and ida counts were obtained . An expressive reduction in C and ida counts was observed in both groups . The zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomer cements were efficient in the reduction of C and ida counts and statistically significant differences were observed between initial and final counts in both groups . Considering the percentage of reduction , the zinc oxide-eugenol cement presented more favorable results , with a reduction of 70 % . A reduction of 46 % was observed with the use of the glass ionomer cement . According to the obtained results , we concluded that oral environment stabilization procedures were efficient in reducing C and ida spp . counts , especially when the zinc oxide-eugenol cement was employed OBJECTIVE The aim of this r and omized clinical trial was to evaluate the frequency of bacteriemia during endodontic treatment , with comparison between two techniques for biomechanical preparation of the root canal system . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The sample comprised 50 patients aged 16 to 52 years , of both genders , which were divided into 2 groups with 25 patients each . Group I underwent biomechanical preparation by the step-back technique , and Group II was treated by the rotary technique with nickel-titanium instruments ( K3 ) . Patients were su bmi tted to antisepsis of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine digluconate and three sample s of blood were collected for blood culture : preoperatively , immediately after the biomechanical preparation and 10 minutes later . The significance level adopted was 5.0 % , and analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics by means of the Fisher 's exact test , Fisher-Freeman-Halton test and Student 's t test . Data were analyzed on the Statexact and SPSS softwares . RESULTS All blood cultures achieved before and immediately after preparation were negative . On the other h and , with regard to the blood cultures collected 10 minutes after preparation , one ( 4 % ) positive case was found for Group I. However , this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.50 ) . CONCLUSION The frequency of bacteriemia was low and observed just for Group Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects reported by adolescents following 14 days of use of a mouthrinse containing 0.05 % NaF+0.12 % chlorhexidine . Methods : This double-blind study was developed as part of a r and omized clinical trial . The adolescents enrolled to the study were r and omly divided into two groups to use either : 0.05 % NaF+0.12 % chlorhexidine ( G1 , n=85 ) or 0.05 % NaF ( G2 , n=85 ) . Both groups used a 10mL solution of the mouthwash during 1 minute daily for 2 weeks under supervision . After that period , the subject 's acceptance of taste was measured using a verbal descriptive scale ( Labeled Magnitude Scale - LMS)11 . Participants were also interviewed regarding the occurrence of possible adverse effects during treatment ( temporary palate disorders , tooth staining or unpleasant taste ) . The proportional differences between the groups were tested using the chi-square test . Results : Palate changes were reported by 26 % of participants of each group ; 17.7 % of G1 and 32 % of G2 reported an unpleasant taste ( p = 0.062 ) , while staining was reported by 55 % of G1 and 68.9 % of G2 ( p = 0.117 ) . Absenteeism rates were similar in both groups ( G1= 2.58 ± 2.69 ; G2=2.81 ± 2.39 ) , p=0.362 . Conclusion : adherence was high in both groups and side effects reported by subjects were not perceived by them as being important . Since subjects ' acceptance and compliance is fundamental to the success of an oral health program , chlorhexidine-fluoride could be a useful re source in a program of plaque control Different dental procedures in children undergoing treatment can induce changes in blood pressure . These changes will be minimized if psychological treatment is applied prior to any procedure . The objective of this study was to determine changes in blood pressure ( systolic-diastolic ) in children undergoing psychological treatment before dental procedures . The population studied consisted of 100 children and adolescents , ages 6 to 15 years . The patients were assigned to two groups at r and om , i.e. with or without psychological treatment before dental procedures . Behavior management was carried out applying the tell-show-do technique of conduct h and ling . The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured prior to the initiation of the treatment , during drilling , restoring , and before dismissing the patient . The no-psychological treatment group exhibited significant differences in diastolic and systolic blood pressures during the dental procedure whereas the psychological treatment group evidence d no significant differences in blood pressure . No correlation was found between the alterations of blood pressure and the type of dental treatment performed . The application of the tell-show-do method would have an effect on the blood pressure in patients undergoing dental procedures Abstract Objective To examine the extent and nature of outcome reporting bias in a broad cohort of published r and omised trials . Design Retrospective review of publications and follow up survey of authors . Cohort All journal articles of r and omised trials indexed in PubMed whose primary publication appeared in December 2000 . Main outcome measures Prevalence of incompletely reported outcomes per trial ; reasons for not reporting outcomes ; association between completeness of reporting and statistical significance . Results 519 trials with 553 publications and 10 557 outcomes were identified . Survey responders ( response rate 69 % ) provided information on unreported outcomes but were often unreliable — for 32 % of those who denied the existence of such outcomes there was evidence to the contrary in their publications . On average , over 20 % of the outcomes measured in a parallel group trial were incompletely reported . Within a trial , such outcomes had a higher odds of being statistically non-significant compared with fully reported outcomes ( odds ratio 2.0 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.6 to 2.7 ) for efficacy outcomes ; 1.9 ( 1.1 to 3.5 ) for harm outcomes ) . The most commonly reported reasons for omitting efficacy outcomes included space constraints , lack of clinical importance , and lack of statistical significance . Conclusions Incomplete reporting of outcomes within published articles of r and omised trials is common and is associated with statistical non- significance . The medical literature therefore represents a selective and biased subset of study outcomes , and trial protocol s should be made publicly available Chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine are a drug combination frequently used by practitioners to se date pediatric dental patients , but their effectiveness has not been compared to a negative control group in humans . The aim of this crossover , double-blinded study was to evaluate the effect of these drugs compared to a placebo , administered to young children for dental treatment . Thirty-five dental sedation sessions were carried out on 12 uncooperative ASA I children aged less than 5 years old . In each session patients were r and omly assigned to groups P ( placebo ) , CH ( chloral hydrate 75 mg/kg ) and CHH ( chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg plus hydroxyzine 2.0 mg/kg ) . Vital signs and behavioral variables were evaluated every 15 min . Comparisons were statistically analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests . P , CH and CHH had no differences concerning vital signs , except for breathing rate . All vital signs were in the normal range . CH and CHH promoted more sleep in the first 30 min of treatment . Overall behavior was better in CH and CHH than in P. CH , CHH and P were effective in 62.5 % , 61.5 % and 11.1 % of the cases , respectively . Chloral hydrate was safe and relatively effective , causing more satisfactory behavioral and physiological outcomes than a placebo The aim of this double-blind , controlled , split-mouth design ed clinical trial was to assess the effect of a single application of Gluma Desensitizer on alleviating  dentin hypersensitivity . Twelve subjects entered the study and ten completed the protocol . Each subject had two teeth treated : one with Gluma Desensitizer according to the manufacturer 's instructions and one with water . The assessment of pain was performed with the VAS ( Visual Analogue Scale ) , after tactile ( probe ) , thermal ( cold blast of water ) and thermal/evaporative ( cold blast of air ) stimuli at baseline , immediately after treatment , after 1 week and after 4 weeks . The mean VAS values for the test and control teeth were compared by the paired t test ( alpha = 0.05 ) . Repeated measurements ANOVA was used to compare the different experimental times . The results showed that for test teeth , at baseline , mean VAS values were 1.76 ( + /- 2.82 ) , 7.10 ( + /- 2.10 ) and 4.75 ( + /- 2.65 ) , and , after 4 weeks , the mean values were 1.70 ( + /- 2.31 ) , 5.50 ( + /- 3.30 ) and 4.61 ( + /- 3.14 ) , respectively for probe , water and air stimuli . For the control teeth , at baseline , the mean VAS values were 1.86 ( + /- 2.92 ) , 6.61 ( + /- 2.31 ) and 4.08 ( + /- 2.91 ) and , after 4 weeks , 2.66 ( + /- 3.07 ) , 6.32 ( + /- 2.94 ) e 4.76 ( + /- 3.26 ) . There were no statistically significant differences between test and control teeth at any time . No intra-group differences were demonstrated either . It was concluded that Gluma Desensitizer had no effect on hypersensitive teeth from periodontally treated patients for a period up to 4 weeks The aim of this r and omised , double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of  plaque and gingivitis . Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were r and omly assigned to either a test group ( herbal dentifrice ) or positive control group ( dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride ) . The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy , which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period . Plaque and gingivitis assessment s were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use . All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator . Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days . There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups . However , there was no significant difference between the groups . A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups , although there was no significant difference between them . No adverse reactions were reported . The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of manual and electric toothbrushes in plaque control in periodontal patients after proper instructions . Thirty six periodontal patients ( mean age of 49 years , 21 females and 15 males ) were included and completed the study ( 100 % compliance ) . A single-blinded , r and omized , controlled , cross-over clinical design was adopted , with the patients using during 2 periods of 14 days each the manual and /or electric toothbrush .  Four subgroups of 9 individuals were studied : A1 - -used manual toothbrush in both experimental periods ; A2 - -used the manual toothbrush during the first period and the electrical toothbrush during the second period ; B1 - -used electrical toothbrush during both periods ; B2 - -used the electrical toothbrush in the first period and the manual one in the second period . Brushing was performed during 14 days and at day 14 and 28 it was performed in the clinic , and timing of brushing was recorded without patients being aware . The Plaque Index ( Silness , Löe , 1964 ) was used . Intra-group comparisons were performed by paired t-test and inter-group comparisons by independent sample t-test , with an alpha level of 0.05 . The results showed no difference between the tested brushes neither for plaque nor for timing . However , re-instruction was detected as an important factor , since for all groups the second period , after reinstruction , showed lower plaque scores . It is concluded that professional advice and instruction and re-instruction seem more important in order to obtain good plaque control than the choice of toothbrush in subjects with periodontal disease UNLABELLED The dentin hypersensitivity is a painful condition rather prevalent in the general population . There are several ways of treatment for such condition , including the low intensity lasers . The proposal of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide diode laser in the treatment of this painful condition , using a placebo as control . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty-two patients were selected , 22 females and 10 males , with ages ranging from 20 to 52 years old . The 32 patients were r and 
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CONCLUSION The effective presence of bias seriously weakened the reliability of the results from the dental studies evaluated , such that they would be of little use for clinicians and administrators as support for decision-making processes