***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Introduction Calretinin and Wilms ’ tumor gene ( WT1 ) are mesothelial markers routinely used to confirm the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma ( MPM ) . We investigated the prognostic value of calretinin and WT1 expression in predicting survival in a series of patients diagnosed with MPM in our institution . Material s and methods Fifty-two patients diagnosed of MPM were retrospectively review ed .  Calretinin and WT1 were stained for IHC analysis in formalin-fixed , paraffin-embedded sections and positivity was considered for tumors with > 1 % of tumor cells stained . Survival data were calculated by the Kaplan – Meier method and Cox regression was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the variables . Results  Calretinin IHC expression was positive in 83.7 % of patients and WT1 in 78.1 % . A significant association of calretinin and WT1 expression with epithelial histology was detected ( p = 0.030 and p = 0.010 ) . We found a significant increase in OS in patients with epithelial subtype , PS1 and neutrophil – lymphocyte ratio ( NLR ) ≤5 ( p < 0.05 ) . In the IHC markers analysis , we found a significant increase in OS for patients with WT1 positive expression ( 16.4 vs. 2.3 m , p = 0.013 ) , but not differences for calretinin expression ( 16.6 vs. 5.0 months , p = 0.37 ) . In the multivariate analysis , epithelial histology and WT1 remained as significant prognostic factors for survival ( p = 0.004 and p = 0.010 , respectively ) . Conclusion In our series of 52 MPM patients  , epithelial histology , PS , NLR and WT1 expression are significant prognostic factors for survival . We concluded that WT1 , but not calretinin , is a useful prognostic factor in MPM . The role of WT1 assessment is worth of prospect i ve validation in future studies on MPM Purpose : We performed a phase I trial to investigate the safety , clinical responses , and Wilms ' tumor 1 (WT1)-specific immune responses following treatment with dendritic cells ( DC ) pulsed with a mixture of three types of WT1 peptides , including both MHC class I and II – restricted epitopes , in combination with chemotherapy . Experimental Design : Ten stage IV patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( PDA ) and 1 patient with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ( ICC ) who were HLA-positive for A*02:01 , A*02:06 , A*24:02 , DRB1 * 04:05 , DRB1 * 08:03 , DRB1 * 15:01 , DRB1 * 15:02 , DPB1 * 05:01 , or DPB1 * 09:01 were enrolled . The patients received one course of gemcitabine followed by biweekly intradermal vaccinations with mature DCs pulsed with MHC class I ( DC/WT1-I ; 2 PDA and 1 ICC ) , II ( DC/WT1-II ; 1 PDA ) , or I/II – restricted WT1 peptides ( DC/WT1-I/II ; 7 PDA ) , and gemcitabine . Results : The combination therapy was well tolerated . WT1-specific IFNγ-producing CD4 + T cells were significantly increased following treatment with DC/WT1-I/II . WT1 peptide-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity ( DTH ) was detected in 4 of the 7 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I/II and in 0 of the 3 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I or DC/WT1-II . The WT1-specific DTH-positive patients showed significantly improved overall survival ( OS ) and progression-free survival ( PFS ) compared with the negative control patients . In particular , all 3 patients with PDA with strong DTH reactions had a median OS of 717 days . Conclusions : The activation of WT1-specific immune responses by DC/WT1-I/II combined with chemotherapy may be associated with disease stability in advanced pancreatic cancer . Clin Cancer Res ; 20(16 ) ; 4228–39 . © 2014 AACR 
    Output:
    
In summary , our study suggests that WT1 may be a potential marker to predict DFS/RFS/PFS in solid tumor patients .