***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of forward head correction on three-dimensional posture parameters and functional level in adolescent idiopathic scoliotic patients . Design : A r and omized controlled study with three-month follow-up . Setting : University research laboratory . Subjects : Seventy-six adolescent idiopathic scoliotic patients with Cobb angle ranged from 10 ° to 30 ° and craniovertebral angle less than 50 ° were r and omly assigned to a study or a control group . Interventions : All the patients ( n = 76 ) received traditional treatment in the form of stretching and strengthening exercises . In addition , patients in the study group ( n = 38 ) received a forward head posture corrective exercise programme . Outcome measures : Craniovertebral angle , Functional Rating Index and posture parameters , including : lumbar lordosis , thoracic kyphosis , trunk inclination , trunk imbalance , lateral deviation , surface rotation and pelvis torsion were measured before treatment , after 10 weeks , and at three-month follow-up . Results : There was a significant difference between the study and control groups adjusted to baseline values at 10 weeks post treatment with respect to the following parameters : craniovertebral angle ( P = 0.006 ) , trunk inclination ( P = 0.005 ) , lordosis ( P = 0.01 ) , kyphosis ( P = 0.001 ) , trunk imbalance ( P = 0.001 ) , lateral deviation ( P = 0.001 ) , pelvic torsion ( P = 0.004 ) and surface rotation ( P = 0.013 ) . At three-month follow-up , there were still significant differences in all the previous variables ( P < 0.005 ) . In contrast , while there was no significant difference with respect to Functional Rating Index at 10 weeks ( P = 0.8 ) , the three-month follow-up showed a significant difference ( P = 0.001 ) . Conclusion : A forward head corrective exercise programme combined with conventional rehabilitation improved three-dimensional scoliotic posture and functional status in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) have lower potential for physical activity because of lung dysfunction and lower muscle strength , which can be reversed by the cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal conditioning provided by st and ardized physical activities . We conducted a study to determine if a preoperative protocol of aerobic exercise would improve quality of life ( QoL ) both before and after training and if there would be any differences between patients who received the therapy and those who did not . Patients with the indication of surgical correction of AIS were r and omized to receive or not receive a 4-month preoperative course of aerobic physical training . At baseline and after 4 months , they were evaluated with the Short Form-36 question naire ( SF-36 ) . QoL scores improved for the study group but did not change for the control group . In all QoL domains , the study group 's mean score increased significantly between baseline and 4 months . We concluded that the proposed preoperative physical therapy protocol improved the QoL of patients with AIS Background Recently an RCT confirmed brace efficacy in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) patients . Previously , a Cochrane review suggested also producing studies according to the Scoliosis Research Society ( SRS ) criteria on the effectiveness of bracing for AIS . Even if the SRS criteria propose a prospect i ve design , until now only one out of 6 published studies was prospect i ve . Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of bracing plus exercises following the SRS and the international Society on Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment ( SOSORT ) criteria for AIS conservative treatment . Methods Study design / setting : prospect i ve cohort study nested in a clinical data base of all out patients of a clinic specialized in scoliosis conservative treatment . Patient sample : seventy-three patients ( 60 females ) , age 12 years 10 months ±17 months , 34.4±4.4 Cobb degrees , who satisfied SRS criteria were included out of 3,883 patients at first evaluation . Outcome measures : Cobb angle at the end of treatment according to SRS criteria : ( unchanged ; worsened 6 ° or more , over 45 ° and surgically treated , and rate of improvement of 6 ° or more).Braces were prescribed for 18–23 hours/day according to curves magnitude and actual international guidelines . Weaning was gradual after Risser 3 . All patients performed exercises and were managed according to SOSORT criteria . Results in all patients were analyzed according to intent-to-treat at the end of the treatment . Funding and Conflict of Interest : no. Results Overall 34 patients ( 52.3 % ) improved . Seven patients ( 9.6 % ) worsened , of which 1 patient progressed beyond 45 ° and was fused . Referred compliance was assessed during a mean period of 3 years 4 months ±20 months ; the median adherence was 99.1 % ( range 22.2 - 109.2 % ) . Employing intent-to-treat analysis , there were failures in 11 patients ( 15.1 % ) . At start , these patients had statistically significant low BMI and kyphosis , high thoracic rotation and higher Cobb angles . Drop-outs showed reduced compliance and years of treatment ; their average scoliosis at discontinuation was low : 22.7 ° ( range 16 - 35 ° ) at Risser 1.3 ± 1 . Conclusions Bracing in patients with AIS who satisfy SRS criteria is effective . Combining bracing with exercise according to SOSORT criteria shows better results than the current literature OBJECTIVE The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if the use of Active Therapeutic Movement Version 2 ( ATM2 ) device and home exercises using the Mulligan 's mobilization-with-movement concept by subjects with scoliosis would result in postural improvement and to document any changes in trunk range of motion and quality of life . METHODS Forty-three subjects between the ages of 12 to 75 years were recruited for the study . Each subject underwent a low back evaluation along with specific measurements for their scoliosis . Subjects participated in a 4-week intervention , 2 times a week consisting of treatment utilizing the ATM2 and were also given a home exercise program to mimic the specific movement(s ) they performed on the ATM2 . Photographic assessment of posture was taken before and after the intervention . Subjects were surveyed during the initial assessment and again at the final intervention using the following outcome measures : Fear Avoidance Belief Question naire , Short-Form Health Survey-36 , Oswestry Disability Index , and a Numeric Pain Rating Scale . RESULTS Results were significant for most of the variables measured . Subjects gained improvement in spinal ranges of motion for all directions except for flexion and extension ( most subjects had reference range of flexion and extension at the beginning of the study ) . Most subjects had improved pelvic alignment after the intervention . Before and after photographs demonstrated improved posture . Subjective measurements of pain , disability , and quality of life improved . CONCLUSIONS Results of this preliminary study showed improvement for selected variables . The use of ATM2 and home exercises using the Mulligan 's mobilization-with-movement concept by subjects with scoliosis appears to be a potentially viable conservative treatment alternative to address various findings associated with scoliosis , including posture improvement UNLABELLED There is low evidence on the possible efficacy of exercises to treat idiopathic scoliosis , grade d as C by the existing Italian Guidelines . Our aim was to verify if exercises quality has an effect on results . DESIGN Prospect i ve controlled study on idiopathic scoliosis patients that performed only exercises to avoid progression . TREATMENT SEAS Group make exercises according to the protocol SEAS.02 ( Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis , version 2002 ) . The CONT Group performed exercises at a local structure according to different protocol s preferred by the treating therapists . Population . SEAS : 48 patients ( 37 females ) , 12.5+/-2.2 years , 15.1 degrees + /-5.7 degrees Cobb ( degrees C ) , 9.0 degrees + /-3.3 degrees Bunnell ( degrees B ) . The difference in the number of braced patients within the first year has been almost statistically significant ( P=0.07 ) : 1 in SEAS vs. 5 in CONT . Cobb degrees improved with treatment ( P<0.05 ) only in the SEAS group . Clinical results ( variation of at least 5 degrees C or 2 degrees B ) were better in SEAS than CONT . Not all exercises for scoliosis have the same efficacy : this study proves the short term efficacy of SEAS.02 when compared to usual care Objectives : Physiotherapy programmes so far mainly address the lateral deformity of scoliosis , a few aim at the correction of rotation and only very few address the sagittal profile . Meanwhile , there is evidence that correction forces applied in the sagittal plane are also able to correct the scoliotic deformity in the coronal and frontal planes . So it should be possible to improve excellence in scoliosis rehabilitation by the implementation of exercises to correct the sagittal deformity in scoliosis patients . An exercise programme ( physio-logic ® exercises ) aim ing at a physiologic sagittal profile was developed to add to the programme applied at the centre or to replace certain exercises or exercising positions . Material and methods : To test the hypothesis that physio-logic ® exercises improve the outcome of Scoliosis Intensive Rehabilitation ( SIR ) , the following study design was chosen : Prospect i ve controlled trial of pairs of patients with idiopathic scoliosis matched by sex , age , Cobb angle and curve pattern . There were 18 patients in the treatment group ( SIR + physio-logic ® exercises ) and 18 patients in the control group ( SIR only ) , all in matched pairs . Average Cobb angle in the treatment group was 34.5 ° ( SD 7.8 ) Cobb angle in the control group was 31.6 ° ( SD 5.8 ) . Age in the treatment group was at average 15.3 years ( SD 1.1 ) and in the control group 14.7 years ( SD 1.3 ) . Thirteen of the 18 patients in either group had a brace . Outcome parameter : average lateral deviation ( mm ) , average surface rotation ( ° ) and maximum Kyphosis angle ( ° ) as evaluated with the help of surface topography ( Formetric ® -system ) . Results : Lateral deviation ( mm ) decreased significantly after the performance of the physio-logic ® programme and highly significantly in the physio-logic ® ADL posture ; however , it was not significant after completion of the whole rehabilitation programme ( 2.3 vs 0.3 mm in the controls ) . Surface rotation improved at average 1.2 ° in the treatment group and 0.8 ° in the controls while Kyphosis angle did not improve in both groups . Discussion : The physio-logic ® programme has to be regarded as a useful ‘ add on ’ to Scoliosis Rehabilitation with regards to the lateral deviation of the scoliotic trunk . A longitudinal controlled study is necessary to evaluate the long-term effect of the the physio-logic ® programme also with the help of X-rays The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that physiotherapy-based intervention can reduce incidence of progression in children with IS because progression of spinal curvature in patients with idiopathic scoliosis ( IS ) is of paramount concern in treatment strategies . Follow-up of the outcome of two prospect i ve studies using the outcome parameter , incidence of progression ( > or = 5 degrees ) , in treated and untreated patient groups matched by age , sex , and degree of curvature at diagnosis . A six-week scoliosis in-patient rehabilitation ( SIR ) program offering patient-specific physiotherapy including intensive therapist-assisted exercise in diagnosis-matched groups . A followup home therapy regime is design ed for each patient . Incidence of progression in groups of untreated patients ranged from 1.5-fold ( 71.2 % vs 46.7 % ) to 2.9-fold ( 55.8 % vs 19.2 % ) higher than in groups of patients treated with SIR , even when SIR-treated groups included patients with more severe curvatures . Statistically , the differences were highly significant . Postural imbalance is a component of spinal curvature and can be a causative mechanism . However , efforts to test the hypothesis that physical therapies addressing postural imbalance can be used effectively in the treatment of IS have been limited . The results of this study indicate that a supervised program of exercise-based therapies can reduce incidence of progression in children with IS The program of the special corrective exercises according to Schroth method in H.R. Weiss modification was carried out in multimodality conservative therapy  of idiopathic scoliosis in our clinic .  Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated in 21 patients treated with the six week physiotherapy program .  Initial state of musculoskeletal system and efficacy of therapy was evaluated with instrumental diagnostic techniques : the computer optical topography , the electromyography of paravertebral muscles and the stabilometry . According to the data of clinical investigation and instrumental testing the Schroth program of therapeutic exercises modified by H.-R.Weiss improves efficacy of therapy in children with idiopathic scoliosis Purpose To evaluate the effect of a programme of active self-correction and task-oriented exercises on spinal deformities and health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) in patients with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) ( Cobb angle < 25 ° ) . Methods This was a parallel-group , r and omised , superiority-controlled study in which 110 patients were r and omly assigned to a rehabilitation programme consisting of active self-correction , task-oriented spinal exercises and education ( 
    Output:
    
Meta- analysis revealed moderate- quality evidence that exercise interventions  improve the quality of life .
A supervised exercise program was superior to controls in reducing spinal deformities and improving the quality of life in patients with AIS