***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: While it seems intuitively appealing to promote participation in regular exercise in the management of  irritable bowel syndrome  , limited r and omised controlled trial evidence exists to support this recommendation . We examined the feasibility and effects of an exercise intervention upon quality of life and irritable bowel symptoms using a r and omised controlled trial methodology . Patients with a clinical ly confirmed diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome II criteria were r and omised to either an exercise consultation intervention or usual care for 12 weeks . Outcomes included irritable bowel specific quality of life , symptoms ( total symptoms , constipation , diarrhoea and pain ) and exercise participation .  The recruitment rate of eligible patients identified from hospital records was 18.3 % ( 56/305 ) . Analyses revealed no differences in quality life scores between groups at 12-week follow-up . The exercise group reported significantly improved symptoms of constipation ( mean difference=10.9 , 95 % CI= -20.1 , -1.6 ) compared to usual care at follow-up . The intervention group participated in significantly more exercise than usual care at follow-up ( mean difference=21.6 , 95 % CI=9.4 , 33.8 ) . Recruitment of eligible patients into this study was possible but rates were low . Findings highlight the possibility that exercise may be an effective intervention for symptom management in patients with irritable bowel syndrome ; this may be particularly the case for constipation predominant patients BACKGROUND Adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) frequently experience interference with everyday activities . Mind-body approaches such as yoga have been recommended as interventions for patients with IBS . Despite promising results among adult sample s , there have been limited studies exploring the efficacy of yoga with pediatric patients . OBJECTIVE To conduct a preliminary r and omized study of yoga as treatment for adolescents with IBS . METHODS Twenty-five adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with IBS were r and omly assigned to either a yoga or wait list control group . Before the intervention , both groups completed question naires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms , pain , functional disability , coping , anxiety and depression . The yoga intervention consisted of a 1 h instructional session , demonstration and practice , followed by four weeks of daily home practice guided by a video . After four weeks , adolescents repeated the baseline question naires . The wait list control group then received the yoga intervention and four weeks later completed an additional set of question naires . RESULTS Adolescents in the yoga group reported lower levels of functional disability , less use of emotion-focused avoidance and lower anxiety following the intervention than adolescents in the control group . When the pre- and postintervention data for the two groups were combined , adolescents had significantly lower scores for gastrointestinal symptoms and emotion-focused avoidance following the yoga intervention . Adolescents found the yoga to be helpful and indicated they would continue to use it to manage their IBS . CONCLUSIONS Yoga holds promise as an intervention for adolescents with IBS Background Many breast cancer survivors experience fatigue , mood , and sleep disturbances .  Purpose This study aims to compare a meditative movement practice , Qigong/Tai Chi Easy ( QG/TCE ) with sham Qigong ( SQG ) , testing effects of meditation/breath aspects of QG/TCE on breast cancer survivors ’ persistent fatigue and other symptoms . Methods This double-blind , r and omized controlled trial tested 12 weeks of QG/TCE versus SQG on fatigue , depression , and sleep among 87 postmenopausal , fatigued breast cancer survivors , stages 0–III , age 40–75 .  Results Fatigue decreased significantly in the QG/TCE group compared to control at post-intervention ( p = 0.005 ) and 3 months follow-up ( p = 0.024 ) , but not depression and sleep quality . Improvement occurred over time for both interventions in depression and sleep quality ( all p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions QG/TCE showed significant improvement over time compared to SQG  for fatigue , but not depression or sleep . Both QG/TCE and SQG showed improvement for two prevalent symptoms among breast cancer survivors , depression and sleep dysfunction Abstract Although cognitive – behavioral therapies ( CBT ) have been demonstrated to be effective for a variety of chronic pain problems , patients vary in their response and little is known about patient characteristics that predict or moderate treatment effects . Furthermore , although cognitive – behavioral theory posits that changes in patient beliefs and coping mediate the effects of CBT on patient outcomes , little research has systematic ally tested this . Therefore , we examined mediators , moderators , and predictors of treatment effects in a r and omized controlled trial of  CBT for chronic temporom and ibular disorder ( TMD ) pain . Pre‐ to post‐treatment changes in pain beliefs ( control over pain , disability , and pain signals harm ) , catastrophizing , and self‐efficacy for managing pain mediated the effects of CBT  on pain , activity interference , and jaw use limitations at one year . In individual mediator analyses , change in perceived pain control was the mediator that explained the greatest proportion of the total treatment effect on each outcome . Analyzing the mediators as a group , self‐efficacy had unique mediating effects beyond those of control and the other mediators . Patients who reported more pain sites , depressive symptoms , non‐specific physical problems , rumination , catastrophizing , and stress before treatment had higher activity interference at one year . The effects of CBT generally did not vary according to patient baseline characteristics , suggesting that all patients potentially may be helped by this therapy . The results provide further support for cognitive – behavioral models of chronic pain and point to the potential benefits of interventions to modify specific pain‐related beliefs in CBT and in other health care encounters BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) teaches behavioral and cognitive strategies that focus on achieving and maintaining lifestyle changes . OBJECTIVE We examined the effectiveness of a CBT program ( CHOOSE HEALTH ) for improving body composition , diet , and physical activity in overweight and obese adolescents . DESIGN Adolescents [ 16 male , 31 female ; aged 14.5 + /- 1.6 y ; body mass index ( BMI ; in kg/m(2 ) ) 30.9 + /- 4.2 ] were block-matched into 2 groups by age , sex , Tanner stage , BMI , and hip and waist circumferences and were r and omly assigned to CBT or no treatment ( control ) . CBT consisted of 10 weekly sessions , followed by 5 fortnightly telephone sessions . RESULTS Compared with the control , over 20 wk , CBT improved ( significant group x time interactions ) BMI ( CBT , -1.3 + /- 0.4 ; control , 0.3 + /- 0.3 ; P = 0.007 ) , weight ( CBT , -1.9 + /- 1.0 kg ; control , 3.8 + /- 0.9 kg ; P = 0.001 ) , body fat ( CBT , -1.5 + /- 0.9 kg ; control , 2.3 + /- 1.0 kg ; P = 0.001 ) , and abdominal fat ( CBT , -124.0 + /- 46.9 g ; control , 50.1 + /- 53.5 g ; P = 0.008 ) . CBT showed a greater reduction in intake of sugared soft drinks as a percentage of total energy ( CBT , -4.0 + /- 0.9 % ; control , -0.3 + /- 0.9 % ; P = 0.005 for group x time interaction ) , which was related to reductions in weight ( r = 0.48 , P = 0.04 ) , BMI ( r = 0.53 , P = 0.02 ) , and waist circumference ( r = 0.54 , P = 0.02 ) . Physical activity did not change significantly . CONCLUSIONS A 10-wk CBT program followed by 10 wk of fortnightly phone contact improved body composition in overweight and obese adolescents . Changes in soft drink consumption may have contributed to this benefit This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of yogic and conventional treatment in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) in a r and omized control design . The patients were 22 males , aged 20–50 years , with confirmed diagnosis of diarrhea-predominant IBS . The conventional group ( n=12 , 1 dropout ) was given symptomatic treatment with loperamide 2–6 mg/day for 2 months , and the yogic intervention group ( n=9 ) consisted of a set of 12 asanas ( yogic poses , i.e. , Vajrasana , Shashankasana , Ushtrasana , Marjariasana , Padhastasana , Dhanurasana , Trikonasana in two variations , Pawanmuktasana , and Paschimottanasana ) along with Surya Nadi pranayama ( right-nostril breathing ) two times a day for 2 months . All participants were tested at three regular intervals , at the start of study —0 month , 1 month , and 2 months of receiving the intervention— and were investigated for bowel symptoms , autonomic symptoms , autonomic reactivity ( battery of five st and ard tests ) , surface electrogastrography , anxiety profile by Spielberger 's Self Evaluation Question naire , which evaluated trait and state anxiety . Two months of both conventional and yogic intervention showed a significant decrease of bowel symptoms and state anxiety . This was accompanied by an increase in electrophysiologically recorded gastric activity in the conventional intervention group and enhanced parasympathetic reactivity , as measured by heart rate parameters , in yogic intervention group . The study indicates a beneficial effect of yogic intervention over conventional treatment in diarrhea-predominant IBS BACKGROUND : Patients complaining of abdominal bloating have impaired tolerance and clearance of intestinal gas loads . Mild exercise enhances intestinal clearance and prevents retention of intestinal gas loads in healthy subjects . Our aim was to evaluate the putative beneficial effects of physical activity in patients with abdominal bloating . METHODS : In eight patients complaining of bloating , seven with irritable bowel syndrome , and one with functional bloating , according to Rome II criteria , a gas mixture was continuously infused ( 12 mL/min ) into the jejunum for 120 min with simultaneous duodenal lipid perfusion ( 1 kcal/min ) . Gas evacuation , perception ( 0–6 scale ) , and abdominal girth were measured at 15-min intervals . Paired studies were r and omly performed in the supine position during intermittent pedaling ( 5 min with 3-min rest intervals at 40 rpm and 0.15 kp load ) versus rest ( as control ) . RESULTS : During rest , a significant proportion of the gas infused was retained in the gut ( 45 ± 9 % , P < 0.01 vs basal ) , but retention was significantly lower during exercise ( 24 ± 7 % , P < 0.05 vs rest ) . Gas retention during rest was associated with significant abdominal symptoms ( 3.6 score ; P < 0.01 vs basal ) , and symptoms also improved during exercise ( 2.8 score , P < 0.05 vs rest ) . During the test , patients developed abdominal distension , which was related to the volume of gas retained ( r = 0.68 , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION : Mild physical activity  enhances intestinal gas clearance and reduces symptoms in patients complaining of abdominal bloating BACKGROUND AND AIMS Psychological interventions are used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) but there is uncertainty about who the optimal target population is . Multi-convergent therapy ( MCT ) is a form of psychotherapy that combines mindfulness meditation with aspects of cognitive behavioural therapy and has been used in the management of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . This study aim ed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of MCT in the management of IBD patients with either functional abdominal symptoms or high perceived stress levels . METHODS Sixty-six IBD patients in clinical remission with either IBS-type symptoms or high perceived stress levels were r and omly allocated to a 16-week MCT course or waiting list control group . Patients were followed-up for one year with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Question naire ( IBDQ ) as the primary outcome measurement . RESULTS A higher mean IBDQ score was observed in the active group compared to controls at the 4-month assessment ( 167 vs. 156 , p=0.081 ) , but this was not statistically significant nor did it reached the predefined clinical ly significant difference of 20 . In patients with IBS-type symptoms at baseline there was a significantly higher mean IBDQ score in the active group compared to controls ( 161 vs. 145 , p=0.021 ) . There was no difference between groups in relapse rate based on faecal calprotectin measurement . CONCLUSIONS IBS-type symptoms in patients with IBD represent a potential therapeutic target to improve quality of life . This study suggests that MCT may be useful in the management of these symptoms but larger studies are required to confirm this . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01426568 Purpose This study prospect ively investigated the effects of biofeedback therapy on objective anorectal function and subjective bowel function in patients after sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer . Methods Sixteen patients who underwent an ileostomy were r and omized into two groups , one receiving conservative management with the Kegel man 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Mind – body interventions may have the potential to improve GI symptoms  in Chinese patients with IBS .
The improvement of GI symptoms was also accompanied with the improvement of various outcomes , including depression , anxiety , and quality of life , just to mention a few .