***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy of epilepsy nurses on satisfaction with counseling about epilepsy in a r and omized , controlled , prospect i ve trial . METHODS Patients with epilepsy treated by neurologists in outpatient clinics were consecutively enrolled and r and omly allocated to either the epilepsy nurse ( EN ) group ( n = 92 ) or the control group ( n = 95 ) . Patients in the EN group were advised according to their needs by epilepsy nurses . The control group received routine care without additional counseling . The EN group completed the question naires before the first consultation ( T1 ) and 6 months later ( T2 ) ; the control group completed the question naires twice with an interval of 6 months . Primary outcome measure was satisfaction of patients with information and support . Secondary outcome measures were satisfaction with patient-doctor relationship , organization of treatment , epilepsy knowledge , coping , and restrictions in daily life . Anxiety and depression ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) and global Quality of Life ( item from QOLIE-31 ) were also assessed . Statistical analysis included generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) and nonparametric tests . RESULTS Satisfaction with information and support improved significantly in the EN group compared to the control group ( GEE , interaction group × time , p = 0.001 ) . In addition , Epilepsy Knowledge ( p = 0.014 ) and Coping ( subscale Information Seeking ) ( p = 0.023 ) improved . Increase in satisfaction with counseling was dependent on patients ' needs for information and on the amount of received information ( Jonckheere-Terpstra test , p < 0.001 ) . No differences between the groups were observed on other epilepsy-specific scales . SIGNIFICANCE A reliable question naire for satisfaction with epilepsy care has been developed . Epilepsy nurses improve the satisfaction of patients with counseling and information about epilepsy and concomitant problems Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy ( MT ) and social support ( SS ) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy . Methods : We performed an assessor-blinded r and omized control trial . Sixty patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were r and omly allocated to MT or SS ( 30 per group ) . Each group received 4 biweekly intervention sessions . The primary outcome was the change in the total score of the Patient-Weighted Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory ( QOLIE-31-P ) . Secondary outcomes included seizure frequency , mood symptoms , and neurocognitive functions . The assessors were blinded to the patient 's intervention grouping . Results were analyzed using general linear model with repeated measure . Results : Following intervention , both the MT ( n = 30 ) and SS ( n = 30 ) groups had an improved total QOLIE-31-P , with an improvement of + 6.23 for MT ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] + 4.22 to + 10.40 ) and + 3.30 for SS ( 95 % CI + 1.03 to + 5.58 ) . Significantly more patients in the MT group had a clinical ly important improvement in QOLIE-31-P ( + 11.8 or above ) compared to those who received SS ( 11 patients vs 4 patients ) . Significantly greater reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms , seizure frequency , and improvement in delayed memory was observed in the MT group compared with the SS group . Conclusions : We found benefits of short-term psychotherapy on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy . Mindfulness therapy was associated with greater benefits than SS alone in quality of life , mood , seizure frequency , and verbal memory . Classification of evidence : This study provides Class II evidence that mindfulness-based therapy significantly improves quality of life in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy PURPOSE Psychological interventions in the treatment of epilepsy have been developed and evaluated for many years but the amount of research has hardly made an impact on how epilepsy is treated . The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a psychological treatment program consisting of acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT ) together with some behavioral seizure control technology shown to be successful in earlier research . METHODS The method consisted of a r and omized controlled trial group design with repeated measures ( n=27 ) . All participants had an EEG verified epilepsy diagnosis with drug refractory seizures . Participants were r and omized into one of two conditions , ACT or supportive therapy ( ST ) . Therapeutic effects were measured by examining changes in quality of life ( SWLS and WHOQOL ) and seizure index ( frequency x duration ) . Both treatment conditions consisted of only nine hours of professional therapy distributed in two individual and two group sessions during a four-week period . RESULTS The results showed significant effects over all of the dependent variables for the ACT group as compared to the ST group at six- and twelve-month follow-ups . CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that a short-term psychotherapy program combined with anticonvulsant drugs may help to prevent the long-term disability that occurs from drug refractory seizures OBJECTIVE Cognitive difficulties in epilepsy are common and add to disability beyond seizures alone . A self-management intervention targeting cognitive dysfunction was developed and assessed for whether it improves quality of life , objective memory , and mood in adults with epilepsy . METHODS The HOme Based Self-management and COgnitive Training CHanges lives ( HOBSCOTCH ) program was developed to incorporate ( 1 ) psychoeducation , ( 2 ) self-awareness training , ( 3 ) compensatory strategies , and ( 4 ) application of these strategies in day-to-day life using problem solving therapy .  Adults aged 18 - 65 years with epilepsy ( n=66 ) were r and omized into 3 groups , to receive 8 weeks of HOBSCOTCH , with ( H+ ) or without ( H ) additional working memory training on a commercial gaming device , or to a waitlisted control group . The primary outcome was quality of life ( Quality of Life in Epilepsy scale , QOLIE-31 ) with secondary outcomes of objective cognition measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status ( RBANS ) and depression ( as measured by PHQ9 and NDDIE ) . RESULTS Both intervention arms showed a significant improvement in quality of life , as compared with controls who demonstrated a decline in QOLIE-31 scores . There was significant improvement in objective cognitive performance among the intervention groups , most notably in attention , compared with the waitlisted controls . There was no significant change in depression scores . SIGNIFICANCE The HOBSCOTCH program significantly improved quality of life and appeared to be an effective intervention to address cognitive dysfunction in adults with epilepsy . Further studies are needed to assess the generalizability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention OBJECTIVE There is a need for controlled outcome studies on behavioral treatment of epilepsy . The purpose of this study was to evaluate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT ) and yoga in the treatment of epilepsy . METHODS The design consisted of a r and omized controlled trial with repeated measures ( N=18 ) . All participants had an EEG-verified epilepsy diagnosis with drug-refractory seizures . Participants were r and omized into one of two groups : ACT or yoga . Therapeutic effects were measured using seizure index ( frequency x duration ) and quality of life ( Satisfaction with Life Scale , WHOQOL-BREF ) . The treatment protocol s consisted of 12 hours of professional therapy distributed in two individual sessions , two group sessions during a 5-week period , and booster sessions at 6 and 12 months posttreatment . Seizure index was continuously assessed during the 3-month baseline and 12-month follow-up . Quality of life was measured after treatment and at the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups . RESULTS The results indicate that both ACT and yoga significantly reduce seizure index and increase quality of life over time . ACT reduced seizure index significantly more as compared with yoga . Participants in both the ACT and yoga groups improved their quality of life significantly as measured by one of two quality -of-life instruments . The ACT group increased their quality of life significantly as compared with the yoga group as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF , and the yoga group increased their quality of life significantly as compared with the ACT group as measured by the SWLS . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that complementary treatments , such as ACT and yoga , decrease seizure index and increase quality of life PURPOSE The goal of the work described in this article was to test the possibility of preventing depression among adolescents with epilepsy . METHODS Adolescents with newly diagnosed epilepsy ( 104 patients ) were screened for depression . The risk for depression was increased in 30 ( 28.8 % ) patients ( mean age 17.4 , 60 % females ) who were r and omized into two equal treatment groups : ( 1 ) cognitive-behavioral intervention ( CBI ) group and ( 2 ) treatment with counseling as usual ( TAU ) group . The Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) , Center for Epidemiological Study on Depression ( CES-D ) scale , Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD ) , and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory ( QOLIE-31 ) were administered at baseline and during the 9-month follow-up . RESULTS Initial BDI and HAMD scores for the two groups were comparable . Depression was diagnosed during follow-up in three patients in the TAU group . Subthreshold depressive disorder significantly improved at follow-up in the BCI group compared with the TAU group ( P<0.05 ) . QOLIE-31 Total scores significantly correlated with both mood improvement and seizure-free state WebEase ( Epilepsy Awareness , Support , and Education ) is an online epilepsy self-management program to assist people with taking medication , managing stress , and improving sleep quality . The primary study aims were to determine if those who participated in WebEase demonstrated improvements in medication adherence , perceived stress , and sleep quality .  Participants were r and omized to a treatment ( T ) or waitlist control ( WCL ) group ( n=148 ) . At follow-up , participants in the T group reported higher levels of medication adherence than those in the WLC group . Analyses were also conducted comparing those who had completed WebEase modules with those who had not . Those who had completed at least some modules within the WebEase program reported higher levels of self-efficacy and a trend toward significance was observed for the group × time interactions for medication adherence , perceived stress , self-management , and knowledge . The results highlight the usefulness of online tools to support self-management among people with epilepsy We evaluated an epilepsy education programme based on text messaging ( SMS ) . Epilepsy out patients from three hospitals in Malaysia were r and omised into two groups : intervention and control . Patients in the control group were supplied with printed epilepsy educational material while those in the intervention group also received text messages from the Mobile Epilepsy Educational System ( MEES ) . A total of 136 patients completed the study ( mean age 31 years ; 91 % Malay ; 51 % with an illness duration of more than 5 years ) . A between-group analysis showed that the awareness , knowledge and attitudes ( AKA ) about epilepsy did not significantly differ between the groups at baseline ( P > 0.05 ) . The intervention patients reported better AKA levels during follow-up compared to the control patients ( P < 0.05 ) . A within-group analysis showed that in intervention patients , there were significant improvements in all AKA domains with larger effect sizes ( P < 0.01 ) while control patients also exhibited significant improvement in most domains except for Awareness but with smaller effect sizes . After controlling for possible confounding variables ( age , gender , educational qualification , monthly income and baseline mean for each domain ) , the intervention group still reported significantly higher AKA than the control group particularly in Awareness ( P < 0.001 ) and Total AKA ( P = 0.003 ) . There was also significantly better medication adherence and clinic attendance in the intervention group ( P < 0.05 ) . The results suggest that the addition of the MEES to conventional epilepsy education is effective in improving AKA OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to present the development , contents and efficacy of the FLIP&FLAP programme for children and adolescents with epilepsy , and their parents . INTERVENTION The programme is mainly directed at age-appropriately developed children and adolescents between 6 and 16 who take antiepileptic drugs .  It is conducted as a 2.5-day group training programme ; children and parents are grouped separately . The main focuses are : EVALUATION STUDY : We performed a multi-centre non-r and omised two-group pre-/post-trial using a waiting-list control group design . 10 German epilepsy centres participated . The intervention group ,  IG ( 21 children 8 - 11 years , 44 adolescents 12 - 16 years , 72 parents ) completed st and ardised question naires immediately before the FLIP&FLAP course and 6 months later ; the waiting control group , WCG  ( 31 children , 39 adolescents , 72 parents ) 6 months before and immediately before the course . Compared to the WCG , the children and parents of the IG showed significantly improved knowledge of epilepsy , with medium to large effect sizes ( univariate analysis of variance with repeated measurements , d=0.6 - 1.4 ) . Parents of the IG reported improved self-management skills ( d=0.7 ) and communication skills ( d=0.8 ) of their child and fewer epilepsy-related worries ( d=0.5 ) . Children and adolescents of the IG reported improved HRQOL in the Social Exclusion dimension 
    Output:
    
SIGNIFICANCE These results provide moderate- quality evidence that psychological treatments for adults with epilepsy may enhance HRQoL in people with epilepsy