***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This r and omized controlled clinical trial aim ed to evaluate the efficacy of splinted implants versus unsplinted implants in overdenture therapy over a 10-year period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study sample comprised 36 completely edentulous patients , 17 men and 19 women ( mean age 63.7 years ) . In each patient , 2 implants ( Brånemark System , Nobel Biocare , Göteborg , Sweden ) were placed in the interforaminal area . Three to 5 months after placement , they were connected to st and ard abutments . The patients were then rehabilitated with ball-retained overdentures , magnet-retained overdentures , or bar-retained overdentures ( the control group ) . Patients were followed for 4 , 12 , 60 , and 120 months post-abutment connection . Group means as well as linear regression models were fitted with attachment type and time as classification variables and corrected for simultaneous testing ( Tukey ) . RESULTS After 10 years , 9 patients had died and 1 was severely ill . Over 10 years , no implants failed . Mean Plaque Index , Bleeding Index , change in attachment level , Periotest values , and marginal bone level at the end of the follow-up period were not significantly different among the groups . DISCUSSION The annual marginal bone loss , excluding the first months of remodeling , was comparable with that found around healthy natural teeth . CONCLUSION The fact that no implants failed and that overall marginal bone loss after the first year of bone remodeling was limited suggested that implants in a 2-implant m and ibular overdenture concept have an excellent prognosis in this patient population , irrespective of the attachment system used Treatment of the atrophic edentulous maxilla is challenging especially when bone graft procedures are necessary . In this study an onlay bone graft , a saddle or veneer , with or without maxillary sinus floor inlay graft , harvested from the anterior iliac crest , in combination with implants was used in the reconstruction of patients with extreme atrophy in their maxillae . The aim was to investigate treatment outcome , and the impact of gender and smoking , in 44 patients in a prospect i ve , long-term , follow-up study concerning implant survival rate and marginal bone loss adjacent to the surfaces of the implant . Mean follow-up time was 11 years . Of 334 inserted Brånemark implants  , with machined surface , 27 failed . Estimated implant survival rate was 90 % . Marginal bone loss was 1.8 mm 1 year after implant surgery ; 2.3 mm after 5 years ; and 2.4 mm after 10 years . There was a significant difference between genders in implant survival . Marginal bone loss differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers up to the 5-year examination and between genders after the 4-year examination . The onlay bone graft , with or without a maxillary inlay graft , results in high implant survival rate , good oral function and stabilised marginal bone . All patients are still wearing their original fixed bridges BACKGROUND Dental implants with moderately rough surfaces are commonly used in the treatment of edentulous patients . However , long-term data on survival rates and marginal bone conditions are lacking . PURPOSE This prospect i ve study evaluated the cumulative survival rate of the TiOblast implant ( Astra Tech AB , Mölndal , Sweden ) after 10 years of prosthetic loading . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 199 TiOblast implants were placed in 36 consecutive edentulous patients ( 23 males and 13 females ) . All patients were treated at one clinic and by the same team . The patients were edentulous in either the maxilla ( n = 16 ) or the m and ible ( n = 20 ) . The average age of the patients at the start of the trial was 64 years ( range , 59 - 82 years ) . Of the 199 implants inserted 108 were in the m and ible and 91 were in the maxilla . Clinical evaluations were undertaken after completion of the prosthetic superstructure ( baseline ) and after 6 months , 1 year , 3 years , 5 years , 7 years , and 10 years . Mean marginal bone level was evaluated for the first 100 placed implants for up to 7 years . RESULTS Six implants failed during the study ( 3 in the m and ible and 3 in the maxilla ) . All failures occurred within the first year , giving a cumulative survival rate of 96.9 % ( 96.6 % in the maxilla and 97.2 % in the m and ible ) after 10 years of follow-up . The survival rate for the superstructures was 100 % . The mean marginal bone level in the measured sample was 0.2 mm ( st and ard deviation [ SD ] , 0.31 ) below the reference point at baseline , 0.28 mm ( SD , 0.20 ) and 1.27 mm ( SD , 1.15 ) below the same point 7 years later ( mean , 0.15 mm per year ) . CONCLUSION This study showed that titanium dioxide-blasted implants offer predictable long-term results as supports for fixed prostheses in both the maxilla and m and ible PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term marginal bone levels for two unsplinted implants supporting m and ibular overdentures using conventional and early loading protocol s with different implant surfaces and attachment systems . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A cohort of 106 edentulous participants ( mean age : 65 years ) was treated with m and ibular two-implant overdentures opposing complete maxillary dentures . Participants were r and omly allocated into three loading protocol groups using four implant systems ; single-stage surgery was performed for all participants , followed by an unsplinted prosthesis using six different attachment systems . St and ardized intraoral radiographs taken at baseline ( loading ) and over 10 years appraised marginal bone levels mesially and distally from reference points under magnification . Three calibrated examiners repeated measurements , diminishing intra- and interobserver variability . Progressive attrition of participants occurred as a result of deaths , dropouts , and emigration . Seventy-nine participants ( 74.5 % , mean age : 72 years ) were available at the 10-year recall . Differences in bone loss among different loading protocol s , implant surfaces , and attachment systems were tested using chi-square and one-way analysis of variance tests . RESULTS Minimal , time-dependent , long-term marginal bone loss occurred with all loading protocol s. Annual marginal bone loss progressed at low levels after the first year with episodes of bone loss and gain . There was stability in marginal bone levels over the long term , with the majority of remodeling occurring during the first year of function . Roughened implant surfaces may be beneficial during the early remodeling period . The amount of marginal bone loss in the first year of loading differed significantly by loading protocol and implant surface , whereas attachment system had a minor influence . Differences were not reflected in the success rates calculated using st and ard criteria . The remaining participants at 10 years were classified as successful related to the criterion of marginal bone loss , irrespective of the determining criteria for success . CONCLUSIONS Either a 2- , 6- , or 12-week loading protocol for m and ibular two-implant overdentures is possible in the long term , irrespective of the attachment system used . Minimal marginal bone loss may be attributed primarily to m and ibular basal bone remaining from long-term edentulism . Revision of the current implant success criteria to offer a stricter limit is desirable PURPOSE To present long-term clinical and radiographic data on single-implant treatment in the anterior maxilla and to compare these results with comparable data of central implants supporting fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 38 patients consecutively restored with 47 single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla were included in the single-implant ( study ) group . The implants in the edentulous group ( control ) were included by r and omly selecting one of the central implants ( closest to midline ) from 76 consecutively treated edentulous patients . Mean age was 25.4 years ( SD : 10.0 ) and 60.1 years ( SD : 11.6 ) at inclusion ( P < .001 ) for the study and control groups , respectively . Clinical and radiographic data were retrospectively retrieved from files holding up to 15 years of function in both groups . RESULTS No implants in the study group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 100 % ) , while 3 implants in the control group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 95.4 % ) . Ten single crowns were replaced ( 15-year cumulative survival rate : 77.0 % ) , and the study group showed more mucosal problems and fistulas compared to the implants in the control group ( P < .05 ) . Loose screws were a common problem in the single-implant group during the first 5 years of function , but bone loss did not differ significantly between patients with stable and loose screws/fistulas ( P > .05 ) or between study and control implants after 15 years ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS There is an obvious difference between the survival of the implants ( 100 % ) and original implant crowns ( 77 % ) in the study group . The present early single-implant restorations showed significantly more mechanical/fistula problems compared to central implants in the edentulous maxilla ( P < .05 ) , but bone response was similar for both groups during 15 years of follow-up . Bone loss was not affected by the level of the implant head in relation to the cementoenamel junction of adjacent teeth , nor was it affected by mechanical or mucosal problems or persistent fistulas of the single implants during the entire follow-up period PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological and technical outcomes of early and delayed placed single tooth implants after 10 years of follow-up . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty consecutive patients who needed a single tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla were included in this study . Ten implants were placed with an early placement protocol , that is , 4 weeks after tooth extraction , whereas the other 10 implants were placed with a conventional delayed placement protocol , for example , 12 weeks after tooth extraction . At the baseline and at the annual re-examinations , pain from implant regions , mobility , plaque , mucositis , and marginal bone levels were recorded . Biological and technical complications were registered . The patients evaluated the functional and aesthetic outcomes subjectively on a visual analogue scale after 3 and 10 years . RESULTS All implants were still in situ after 10 years . The cumulative implant survival rate was 100 % . Two implant-supported crowns were remade because of ceramic fractures . The 10-year crown survival rate was 90 % . No significant differences in implant survival rates were found between the early and delayed protocol s , regarding plaque retention , mucositis , or marginal bone levels . After 10 years , the mean marginal bone loss at both sides of the implants was less than 1.0 mm in the two groups . During the 10-year interval , 1 patient lost more than 1.5 mm of marginal bone , 3 patients lost between 1.0 mm and 1.4 mm of bone , and 16 patients lost less than 1.0 mm of bone as an average of the mesial and distal bone loss . CONCLUSIONS This 10-year prospect i ve clinical trial demonstrated a 100 % implant survival and a 90 % crown survival . The average marginal bone level change was less than 1 mm , and there was no difference between early and delayed implant placement . Patient satisfaction with the implant-supported single crowns reduced with time BACKGROUND There have been very few long-term controlled studies ( i.e. , over 5 years duration ) focusing on marginal conditions for implants with a s and blasted , large grit , and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface . PURPOSE To evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes of  implants with an SLA surface placed in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) cohort of 24 patients , the outcomes of implants with an SLA surface were registered . The RCT cohort has previously been reported after 1 year , 3 years , and 5 years of loading . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , the implant survival rate was 95.1 % . If implants of unknown status were also considered lost , that is , one drop-out patient with three implants for whom no information could be obtained , the implant survival rate was 93 % . The mean marginal bone loss from baseline ( 139 implants ) to 10 years ( 102 implants ) was 1.07 mm ( st and ard deviation 0.98 ) . One implant out of 102 available for radiographic examination according to the original protocol showed a bone loss exceeding 4 mm . Of the 84 implants available for clinical examination , none showed a Plaque Index or sulcus bleeding index of 3 . The mean implant stability quotient was significantly higher for mesial-distal versus buccal-palatal measurements . CONCLUSION The implant survival was 95.1 % . The mean value of bone loss after 10 years was 1.07 mm . Peri-implantitis were noted at the 5-year follow-up for one patient with a previous history of periodontitis ; this patient did not attend the 10-year follow-up . This study shows that s and blasted and acid-etched implants offers predictable long-term results as support for full-arch max 
    Output:
    
The survival rate was 82.9 to 100 % for all implants after 10 or more years in function and the marginal bone loss was , on average , less than 2.0 mm for all implant surfaces included , i.e. turned , titanium plasma sprayed ( TPS ) , blasted , anodised , blasted and acid-etched but the turned surface in general demonstrated the smallest MBL .
However , the survival rates were in general higher for moderately rough surfaces .
The roughest TPS surface demonstrated the highest probability for failure , while the anodised showed the lowest probability .
In conclusion , the present systematic review demonstrates that it is possible to achieve very good long-term results with all types of included surfaces