***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Objective To compare 1-year cure rates after laparoscopic Burch colposuspension using one double-bite or two single-bite sutures on each side of the urethra . Methods Consecutive women with primary stress urinary incontinence at one university hospital were included . Pre-operative clinical and urodynamic evaluation included cystoscopy , cystouretrometry at rest and stress , and a st and ardized pad test . Immediately before surgery , the patients were r and omized to have one or two polytetrafluoroethylene ( GoreTex CV 2 ; W. L. Gore Inc. , Flagstaff , AZ ) sutures placed on each side of the urethra . During surgery , access to the space of Retzius was achieved by transperitoneal videolaparoscopic technique . Women were scheduled for postoperative interview and pad test 1 year after surgery . Results We included 161 women in the study ; 78 were r and omized to one suture ( group A ) and 83 to two sutures ( group B ) .  Median time for surgery was significantly shorter for group A than for group B ( 60 compared with 77 minutes ; P < .001 ) . We examined 158 women 1 year after surgery , at which time 148 performed a pad test . Objective cure rate was significantly higher in group B than in group A ( 83 % compared with 58 % ; P = .001 ) . Conclusion Two single-bite sutures result ed in a significantly higher objective short-term cure rate than one double-bite suture on each side of the urethra Introduction and hypothesisThe aim of this study is to provide long-term outcome data , at least 10 years , following laparoscopic colposuspension . Methods The study includes a control group who underwent open colposuspension .  A consecutive series of 139 women who had undergone laparoscopic colposuspension were review ed and compared to 52 women who had an open colposuspension in the same unit . Subjects were contacted by telephone , at least 10 years post-operatively , at which time a structured interview was performed which included the short-form Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom question naire . Results There was deterioration in subjective cure rates from 71 % and 67 % at 6 months to 52 % and 36 % at 10 years for the laparoscopic and open procedures , respectively . Conclusion This study provides evidence that laparoscopic colposuspension is probably as durable as open colposuspension . However , cure rates for both procedures appear to deteriorate over time , emphasising the importance of long-term follow-up Background . Evaluation of cost‐effectiveness of new surgical techniques is important . As the data on incontinence procedures are scarce , we evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of tension‐free vaginal tape procedure and laparoscopic mesh colposuspension as a primary surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence . Methods . In four university teaching hospitals and two central hospitals 128 stress incontinent women were r and omized to tension‐free vaginal tape procedure ( n = 70 ) or laparoscopic mesh colposuspension ( n = 51 ) in order to investigate the clinical performance of these two procedures . Primary objective clinical outcome measures were : stress test and 48‐h pad test . Secondary subjective outcome measures were health‐related quality of life measured in terms of visual analogue scale and Urinary Incontinence Severity Score . Alongside the clinical trial , a cost‐effectiveness analysis for the main outcome measures was performed . Results . The changes in the 48‐h pad test result did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.105 ) . When the visual analogue scale or Urinary Incontinence Severity Score are used as the outcome measure , the tension‐free vaginal tape is more cost‐effective  than laparoscopic mesh colposuspension over a follow‐up period of one year ( p<0.000 ) . Conclusion . The clinical and economic data of the present study suggest that over a follow‐up period of one year the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure is more cost‐effective  than laparoscopic mesh colposuspension as a primary treatment for female stress urinary incontinence Background . The aim of this study was to compare  laparoscopic colposuspension with tension‐free vaginal tape ( TVT ) in terms of costs to the county Objective : We compared the success of laparoscopic Burch colposuspension with the laparotomic Burch colposuspension for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence ( GSI ) concomitant with gynecologic operations . Material s and Methods : Fifty-two women with symptoms of GSI , also requiring additional gynecologic operations , were r and omly assigned to undergo  laparoscopic  ( n = 26 ) or  laparotomic  ( n = 26 ) Burch colposuspension .  For all patients complete histories were taken and physical examination , urinalysis , urine culture , multi-channel urodynamics with cystometry , uroflowmetry , and measurement of Valsalva leak-point pressure were performed . Variables analyzed included : age , surgical time , length of catheterization , number of days in hospital , and complications . Results : Both groups were similar in age , parity and menopausal status . Valsalva leak-point pressure significantly increased in the laparoscopy group after the operation . There were no statistical differences in other urodynamics in both groups . The mean operating time in the laparoscopy group was longer than in the laparotomy group . The laparoscopy group required a significantly shorter hospitalization and catheterization than the laparotomy group . The success and complication rates did not differ significantly for both groups . Conclusion : The laparoscopic approach for the treatment of GSI in patients requiring additional gynecologic procedures is associated with a shorter duration of hospital stay compared with the abdominal approach OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy , safety , complications , and short-term outcome of laparoscopic and open colposuspension in women with genuine stress incontinence . DESIGN R and omised controlled trial . SETTING Urogynaecology unit in a public hospital , Hong Kong . SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety patients with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence . Forty-three patients were r and omly allocated to receive open colposuspension and 47 to undergo laparoscopy .  All patients had re assessment within 1 year of the operation . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Objective and subjective measures and complication rates . RESULTS There was no significant difference in the duration of stress incontinence , mean preoperative pad test results , or proportion with pre-existing detrusor instability . Among patients in the laparoscopic group , the mean operating time was significantly longer ( 42.0 minutes versus 29.3 minutes ; P<0.0001 ) , while the mean blood loss was significantly less ( 124.7 mL versus 326.9 mL ; P=0.001 ) . Subjective and objective success rates within 1 year were similar for patients in the open and laparoscopic groups ( 86.0 % versus 80.9 % ; P=0.58 , and 86.0 % versus 85.1 % ; P=1.00 , respectively ) . There was no significant difference in the rate of complications , including de novo detrusor instability and an obstructive voiding pattern , enterocele , or dyspareunia . CONCLUSION Laparoscopic colposuspension is a feasible alternative to the open approach . The operating time is longer but the short-term cure rate is comparable with that of the open approach The technical feasibility of the laparoscopic and extraperitoneal approach to the Burch colposuspension for treatment of grade II and III ( moderate to severe ) stress incontinence  was examined in a r and omised prospect i ve study . Irrespective of the endoscopic access , two suspension techniques , namely conventional suture and stapler fixation of alloplastic material s , were compared . A total of 20 patients entered this preliminary evaluation . Three complications occurred ; a bladder perforation ( during laparoscopic dissection of the space of Retzius ) , a postoperative detrusor instability and transient urinary retention . Both the endoscopic approaches and the suspension procedures employed proved feasible and safe , and presented the advantages of a " minimal access " procedure , with short hospitalisation and rapid recovery . Short-term follow-up ( 6 - 12 months ) showed subjective and objective results comparable to those of the conventional abdominal Burch colposuspension . Detailed evaluation of the subgroups is not yet feasible , as the number of patients in this preliminary evaluation was too small and follow-up too short . Final evaluation of the entire study population and long-term follow-up will be necessary before these procedures can be generally offered as a therapeutic alternative OBJECTIVE : To estimate costs for incontinence management , health-related quality of life , and willingness to pay for incontinence improvement in women electing surgery for stress urinary incontinence . METHODS : A total of 655 incontinent women enrolled in the Stress Incontinence Surgical Treatment Efficacy Trial , a r and omized surgical trial . Baseline out-of-pocket costs for incontinence management were calculated by multiplying self-report of re sources used ( supplies , laundry , dry cleaning ) by national re source costs ( $ 2006 ) . Health-related quality of life was estimated with the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 . Participants estimated willingness to pay for 100 % improvement in incontinence . Potential predictors of these outcomes were examined by using multivariable linear regression . RESULTS : Mean age was 52±10 years , and mean number of weekly incontinence episodes was 22±21 . Mean and median ( 25 % , 75 % interquartile range ) estimated personal costs  for incontinence management among all women were $ 14±$24 and $ 8 ( interquartile range $ 3 , $ 18 ) per week , and 617 ( 94 % ) women reported any cost . Costs increased significantly with incontinence frequency and mixed compared with stress incontinence . The mean and median Health Utilities Index Mark 3 scores were 0.73±0.25 and 0.84 ( interquartile range 0.63 , 0.92 ) . Women were willing to pay a mean of $ 118±$132 per month for complete resolution of incontinence , and willingness to pay increased significantly with greater expected incontinence improvement , household income , and incontinent episode frequency . CONCLUSION : Urinary incontinence is associated with substantial costs . Women spent nearly $ 750 per year out of pocket for incontinence management , had a significant decrement in quality of life , and were willing to pay nearly $ 1,400 per year for cure . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE : STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare laparoscopic Burch colposuspension and tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) procedure in women with genuine stress incontinence . DESIGN R and omized clinical study ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . SETTING Tertiary care university hospital . PATIENTS Forty-six consecutive women . INTERVENTION Laparoscopic Burch colposuspension ( 23 ) and TVT procedure ( 23 ) . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Valsalva leak-point pressure increased after surgery in both groups , but TVT substantially decreased maximum urinary flow rate . Other urodynamic studies showed no statistical differences . The groups did not differ significantly with respect to intraoperative complications or objective and subjective cure rates . Operating time was significantly longer for laparoscopic Burch ( p = 0.001 ) , and three patients in that group required conversion to laparotomy . Length of hospital stay ( p = 0.003 ) and duration of catheterization ( p = 0.003 ) were shorter in the TVT group . CONCLUSION TVT holds promise in women with genuine stress incontinence , with several advantages over laparoscopic Burch Introduction and hypothesisBefore the introduction of the tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence , the colposuspension operation was regarded as the “ gold st and ard ” procedure . The laparoscopic variant of the colposuspension was introduced as a less invasive operation . The aim of the present trial was to compare the new minimally invasive TVT procedure with laparoscopic mesh colposuspension ( LCM ) . Methods A multicenter r and omized clinical trial conducted in six public hospitals in Finl and including primary cases of stress incontinence . Objective treatment success criteria were a negative stress test and no retreatment for stress incontinence . Patient satisfaction was assessed by Patients Global Impression of Improvement , a visual analog scale , and the Urinary Incontinence Severity Score . Results Of 128 r and omized patients , 121 underwent the allocated operation . At the 5-year follow-up 77 % in the TVT group and 84 % in the LCM group could be assessed according to the protocol . The objective cure rate was significantly higher in the TVT group ( 94 % ) than in the LCM group ( 78 % ) . Subjective treatment satisfaction ( completely satisfied with the procedure ) was significantly higher in the TVT group ( 64 % ) than in the LCM group ( 51 % ) . Conclusions By per protocol analysis both objective and subjective cure rates were significantly higher in the TVT group than in the LCM group . If cases that were lost to follow-up were regarded as failures , the intension-to-treat analysis found no difference between the groups STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare results of laparoscopic Burch colposuspension with those of classic Burch colposuspension , and to assess complications , results , and morbidity associated with each procedure . DESIGN Prospect i ve , r and om 
    Output:
    
Whilst the women 's subjective impression of cure seemed similar for both procedures , in the short- and medium-term follow-up , there was some evidence of poorer results of laparoscopic colposuspension on objective outcomes .
The results showed trends towards fewer perioperative complications , less postoperative pain and shorter hospital stay for laparoscopic compared with open colposuspension , however , laparoscopic colposuspension was more costly .
We observed no significant differences for postoperative voiding dysfunction and perioperative complications .
Laparoscopic colposuspension had a significantly longer operation time and hospital stay .
Currently available evidence suggests that laparoscopic colposuspension may be as good as open colposuspension at two years post surgery .
However , the newer vaginal sling procedures appear to offer even greater benefits , better objective outcomes in the short term and similar subjective outcomes in the longer term .
If laparoscopic colposuspension is performed , the use of two paravaginal sutures appears to be the most effective method .