***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The aim of the present prospect i ve longitudinal study of periodontally diseased and periodontally healthy patients was a clinical , microbiological , and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and an assessment of the implant success rate . METHODS Thirty-nine partially edentulous patients provided with a total of 150 implants were enrolled in the study . Oral rehabilitation was undertaken in 15 patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis ( GAgP ) , 12 patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis ( GCP ) , and 12 periodontally healthy patients . The examinations of the teeth and implants were carried out within the framework of a 3-month recall schedule over a 3-year period . At each session , clinical parameters for probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , attachment level ( AL ) , gingival index ( GI ) , and plaque index ( PI ) were recorded , and the composition of the subgingival microflora determined by dark-field microscopy . In the periodontally diseased patients , Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( A.a . ) , Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g . ) , and Prevotella intermedia ( P.i . ) were detected at teeth and implants by DNA analysis in the first and third years after insertion of the superstructure . Intraoral radiographs of the teeth and implants were taken at baseline , immediately after insertion of the superstructure , and then 1 and 3 years later . RESULTS The GI and PI at implants and teeth remained below 0.25 and 0.6 , respectively , in all patient groups throughout the study period . At the implants and teeth , a slight increase in PD and a continuous attachment loss was recorded in the GAgP patients . The attachment loss was greater at the implants than at the teeth in all groups . The morphological distribution of the microorganisms revealed virtually healthy conditions in all groups . A.a . was detected in two GAgP patients , whereas P.g . and P.i . were found more frequently both in the GAgP and in the GCP patients . Radiographically detected bone loss was higher after 3 years at implants and teeth in the GAgP patients than in the other two groups . The implant success rates recorded were 100 % in the periodontally healthy and GCP patients , and 95.7 % in the maxilla and 100 % in the m and ible of the GAgP patients . CONCLUSIONS The results show that oral rehabilitation can be performed with implants in patients treated for generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis . However , slight attachment loss and bone loss were registered at the implants and teeth in the patients with aggressive periodontitis OBJECTIVES To evaluate healing of marginal defects in immediate transmucosal implants  grafted with anorganic bovine bone , and to assess mucosal and radiographic outcomes 3 - 4 years following restoration . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty immediate transmucosal implants in maxillary anterior extraction sites of 30 patients r and omly  received BioOss ( N=10 ; BG ) , BioOss and resorbable collagen membrane ( N=10 ; BG+M ) or no graft ( N=10 ; control ) . RESULTS Vertical defect height ( VDH ) reductions of 81.2+/-5 % , 70.5+/-17.4 % and 68.2+/-16.6 % , and horizontal defect depth ( HDD ) reductions of 71.7+/-34.3 % , 81.7+/-33.7 % and 55+/-28.4 % were observed for BG , BG+M and control groups , respectively , with no significant inter-group differences . Horizontal resorption was significantly greater in control group ( 48.3+/-9.5 % ) when compared with BG ( 15.8+/-16.9 % ) and BG+M ( 20+/-21.9 % ) groups ( P=0.000 ) . Ten sites ( 33.3 % ) exhibited recession of the mucosa after 6 months ; eight ( 26.7 % ) had an unsatisfactory esthetic result post-restoration due to recession . Mucosal recession was significantly associated ( P=0.032 ) with buccally positioned implants ( HDD 1.1+/-0.3 mm ) when compared with lingually positioned implants ( HDD 2.3+/-0.6 mm ) . In 19 patients followed for a mean of 4.0+/-0.7 years , marginal mucosa and bone levels remained stable following restoration . CONCLUSION BioOss significantly reduced horizontal resorption of buccal bone . There is a risk of mucosal recession and adverse soft tissue esthetics with immediate implant placement . However , this risk may be reduced by avoiding a buccal position of the implant in the extraction socket PURPOSE The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the 3-year outcomes regarding crestal bone level , clinical parameters , and patient satisfaction , following submerged and transmucosal implant placement for  two-piece implants in the anterior maxilla and m and ible . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Patients requiring dental implants for single-tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla or m and ible were enrolled in a r and omized , controlled , multicenter clinical trial . The implants were r and omized at placement to either submerged or transmucosal healing , with final restorations placed after 6 months . Radiographic and clinical parameters were recorded after 1 , 2 , and 3 years ; a question naire was also used to assess patient satisfaction . A two-sided , unpaired T-test ( significance level p ≤ .05 ) was used to statistically evaluate the differences between the two groups . RESULTS A total of 106 patients were included in the 3-year analysis . The mean change in crestal bone level from implant placement to 3 years was 0.68 ± 0.98 mm ( p < .001 ) and 0.58 ± 0.77 mm ( p < .001 ) in the submerged and transmucosal groups , respectively ; the differences between the groups were not significant . Clinical parameters remained stable throughout the study , with no significant differences between the groups , and patient satisfaction was good or excellent for over 90 % of subjects in both groups . CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate excellent clinical and radiographic conditions after 3 years for implants supporting single-tooth restorations , regardless of whether a submerged or transmucosal surgical technique was used BACKGROUND The aim of this prospect i ve study is to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis , peri-implantitis , implant success , and survival in partially edentulous patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis ( GAgP ) and in periodontally healthy individuals . METHODS Thirty-five patients treated for GAgP and 18 periodontally healthy patients orally rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants participated in the study . They were first examined 2 to 4 weeks before extraction of the non-retainable teeth ( baseline ) and 3 weeks after insertion of the final abutments . Additional examinations were performed during a 3-month recall schedule over a 5- to 16-year period ( mean , 8.25 years ) . At every session , clinical parameters were recorded . At 1 , 3 , 5 , 10 , and 15 years after insertion of the superstructure , a microbiological and radiographic examination was performed . RESULTS The results show implant survival rates of 100 % in periodontally healthy individuals versus 96 % in GAgP patients . The implant success rate was 33 % in GAgP patients and 50 % in periodontally healthy individuals . In GAgP patients , mucositis was present in 56 % and peri-implantitis in 26 % of the implants . In periodontally healthy individuals , 40 % of the implants showed mucositis and 10 % peri-implantitis . GAgP patients had a five times greater risk of implant failure , a three times greater risk of mucositis , and a 14 times greater risk of peri-implantitis . CONCLUSION These results suggest that patients with treated GAgP are more susceptible to mucositis and peri-implantitis , with lower implant survival and success rates OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term survival rates of dental implants  according to the patient 's periodontal status , as well as to estimate if the effect of periodontal status regarding implant failure is constant throughout the long-term follow-up . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This was a historical prospect i ve cohort study design of all consecutive patients operated from 1996 to 2006 at a periodontal clinic . The cohort consisted of 736 patients , with a total of 2336 dental implants .  An extended Cox proportional hazards model , which includes interaction terms between survival time and variables of interest , was used . RESULTS Patients ' mean ( SD ) age was 51.13 ( 12.35 ) . The follow-up time was up to 144 months , with a mean ( SD ) of 54.4 ( 35.6 ) months . The overall implant raw survival rate was 95.9 % . The Kaplan-Meier estimates for the cumulative survival rate ( CSR ) at 108 months were 0.96 and 0.95 for implants inserted into healthy and moderate chronic periodontal patients , respectively . The CSR declined to 0.88 at 108 months for the severe periodontitis group . The extended Cox model revealed that severe chronic status turned out to be a significant risk factor for implant failure after 50 months of follow-up [ hazard ratio (HR)=8.06 ; p<0.01 ] . The extended Cox model for smoking indicates a near-significant effect after 50 months ( HR=2.76 ; p=0.061 ) . CONCLUSIONS Periodontal status and smoking are significant risk factors for late implant failures . The HR for periodontal and smoking status are not constant throughout the follow-up period AIM To determine the incidence of peri-implantitis in individuals with mucositis in a 5-year follow-up study . MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 212 partially edentulous individuals , rehabilitated with dental implants , underwent periodontal and peri-implant clinical examinations in 2005 ( baseline ) . Five years later , 80 individuals who had been diagnosed with mucositis in the baseline examination were re-examined . These individuals were divided into two groups : one group with preventive maintenance during the study period ( GTP ; n = 39 ) , and another group without preventive maintenance ( GNTP ; n = 41 ) . The following parameters were clinical ly evaluated : plaque index , bleeding on periodontal and peri-implant probing , periodontal and peri-implant probing depth , suppuration and peri-implant bone loss . The influence of biological and behavioural risk variables associated with the occurrence of peri-implantitis was analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses . RESULTS The incidence of peri-implantitis in the global sample was 31.2 % ( GNTP = 43.9 % and GTP = 18.0 % ) . CONCLUSION The absence of preventive maintenance in individuals with pre-existing peri-implant mucositis was associated with a high incidence of peri-implantitis . Clinical parameters , such as bleeding on peri-implant probing , periodontal probing depth and the presence of periodontitis were associated with a higher risk of developing peri-implantitis PURPOSE To evaluate 1-year implant survival and marginal bone loss around implants that support fixed partial dentures loaded immediately or after 3 months , and effects from abutment usage . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In this 2005 to 2009 r and omized , parallel-group , clinical trial , 50 partially edentulous patients each received three Brånemark TiUnite ™ implants ( Nobel Biocare ® , Göteborg , Sweden ) , mostly in the posterior maxilla . Two implants were fitted with abutments : a TiUnite ™ surface and a machine-milled surface ; the suprastructure was attached directly at implant level for the third implant . After r and omized allocation , implants were immediately loaded with a fixed temporary bridge ( test group ) or left unloaded for 3 months ( control group ) . A permanent fixed suprastructure replaced the temporary bridge after 6 months ( test ) . Hard and soft tissues were examined during pretreatment and surgery plus 2 days , 14 days , 4 weeks , 3 months , and 1 year after surgery . RESULTS After 1 year , four implants were lost in the test and two in the control groups ( 1-year survival rates of 94.9 % [ test ] and 97.2 % [ control ] , with no significant intergroup difference ) . Resonance frequency analysis values indicated a similar pattern in both groups , with implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) reduction between 2 and 4 weeks . The test group had a significantly lower ISQ than the control group at these appointments . After 1 year , marginal bone losses around the implants were , on average , 1.32 mm ( test , st and ard error of the mean [ SEM ] 0.08 ) and 1.24 mm ( control , SEM 0.08 ) , with no significant intergroup difference . Significantly larger marginal bone loss was observed at implants without abutment compared with implants with abutment . CONCLUSIONS For both groups , this study showed similar implant survival rates and marginal bone loss . Larger bone loss was found at implants loaded without attached abutments AIM The aim of this study was to present the 10-year clinical and radiographic data from a RCT on single-tooth implants placed early , delayed , or late after tooth extraction . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty-three patients were 
    Output:
    
Both implant and patient-based meta-analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients with a history of periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects , but not a statistically significant increased risk for implant loss .
CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this systematic review indicate history of periodontitis as a possible risk factor for peri-implantitis , while insufficient data are present in literature to evaluate the role of smoking .