***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Advances in technology allowed the development of a novel smoking cessation program delivered by video messages sent to mobile phones . This social cognitive theory-based intervention ( called “ STUB IT ” ) used observational learning via short video diary messages from role models going through the quitting process to teach behavioral change techniques . Objective The objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness of a multimedia mobile phone intervention for smoking cessation . Methods A r and omized controlled trial was conducted with 6-month follow-up . Participants had to be 16 years of age or over , be current daily smokers , be ready to quit , and have a video message-capable phone . Recruitment targeted younger adults predominantly through radio and online advertising . Registration and data collection were completed online , prompted by text messages . The intervention group received an automated package of video and text messages over 6 months that was tailored to self-selected quit date , role model , and timing of messages . Extra messages were available on dem and to beat cravings and address lapses . The control group also set a quit date and received a general health video message sent to their phone every 2 weeks . Results The target sample size was not achieved due to difficulty recruiting young adult quitters . Of the 226 r and omized participants , 47 % ( 107/226 ) were female and 24 % ( 54/226 ) were Maori ( indigenous population of New Zeal and ) . Their mean age was 27 years ( SD 8.7 ) , and there was a high level of nicotine addiction . Continuous abstinence at 6 months was 26.4 % ( 29/110 ) in the intervention group and 27.6 % ( 32/116 ) in the control group ( P = .8 ) . Feedback from participants indicated that the support provided by the video role models was important and appreciated . Conclusions This study was not able to demonstrate a statistically significant effect of the complex video messaging mobile phone intervention compared with simple general health video messages via mobile phone . However , there was sufficient positive feedback about the ease of use of this novel intervention , and the support obtained by observing the role model video messages , to warrant further investigation . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry Number : ACTRN12606000476538 ; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=81688 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5umMU4sZi Background Web-based and mobile health interventions ( also called “ Internet interventions ” or " eHealth/mHealth interventions ") are tools or treatments , typically behaviorally based , that are operationalized and transformed for delivery via the Internet or mobile platforms . These include electronic tools for patients , informal caregivers , healthy consumers , and health care providers . The Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) statement was developed to improve the suboptimal reporting of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . While the CONSORT statement can be applied to provide broad guidance on how eHealth and mHealth trials should be reported , RCTs of web-based interventions pose very specific issues and challenges , in particular related to reporting sufficient details of the intervention to allow replication and theory-building . Objective To develop a checklist , dubbed CONSORT-EHEALTH ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile HEalth Applications and onLine TeleHealth ) , as an extension of the CONSORT statement that provides guidance for authors of eHealth and mHealth interventions . Methods A literature review was conducted , followed by a survey among eHealth experts and a workshop . Results A checklist instrument was constructed as an extension of the CONSORT statement . The instrument has been adopted by the Journal of Medical Internet Research ( JMIR ) and authors of eHealth RCTs are required to su bmi t an electronic checklist explaining how they addressed each subitem . Conclusions CONSORT-EHEALTH has the potential to improve reporting and provides a basis for evaluating the validity and applicability of eHealth trials . Subitems describing how the intervention should be reported can also be used for non- RCT evaluation reports . As part of the development process , an evaluation component is essential ; therefore , feedback from authors will be solicited , and a before-after study will evaluate whether reporting has been improved Background Mobile phone-based psychological interventions enable real time self-monitoring and self-management , and large-scale dissemination . However , few studies have focussed on mild-to-moderate symptoms where public health need is greatest , and none have targeted work and social functioning . This study reports outcomes of a CONSORT-compliant r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) to evaluate the efficacy of myCompass , a self-guided psychological treatment delivered via mobile phone and computer , design ed to reduce mild-to-moderate depression , anxiety and stress , and improve work and social functioning . Method Community-based volunteers with mild-to-moderate depression , anxiety and /or stress ( N = 720 ) were r and omly assigned to the myCompass program , an attention control intervention , or to a waitlist condition for seven weeks . The interventions were fully automated , without any human input or guidance . Participants ’ symptoms and functioning were assessed at baseline , post-intervention and 3-month follow-up , using the Depression , Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale . Results Retention rates at post-intervention and follow-up for the study sample were 72.1 % ( n = 449 ) and 48.6 % ( n = 350 ) respectively . The myCompass group showed significantly greater improvement in symptoms of depression , anxiety and stress and in work and social functioning relative to both control conditions at the end of the 7-week intervention phase ( between-group effect sizes ranged from d = .22 to d = .55 based on the observed means ) . Symptom scores remained at near normal levels at 3-month follow-up . Participants in the attention control condition showed gradual symptom improvement during the post-intervention phase and their scores did not differ from the myCompass group at 3-month follow-up . Conclusions The myCompass program is an effective public health program , facilitating rapid improvements in symptoms and in work and social functioning for individuals with mild-to-moderate mental health problems . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN Background Prevention of the onset of depression in adolescence may prevent social dysfunction , teenage pregnancy , substance abuse , suicide , and mental health conditions in adulthood . New technologies allow delivery of prevention programs scalable to large and disparate population s. Objective To develop and test the novel mobile phone delivery of a  depression prevention intervention for adolescents . We describe the development of the intervention and the results of participants ’ self-reported satisfaction with the intervention . Methods The intervention was developed from 15 key messages derived from cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) . The program was fully automated and delivered in 2 mobile phone messages/day for 9 weeks , with a mixture of text , video , and cartoon messages and a mobile website . Delivery modalities were guided by social cognitive theory and marketing principles . The intervention was compared with an attention control program of the same number and types of messages on different topics . A double-blind r and omized controlled trial was undertaken in high schools in Auckl and , New Zeal and , from June 2009 to April 2011 . Results A total of 1348 students ( 13–17 years of age ) volunteered to participate at group sessions in schools , and 855 were eventually r and omly assigned to groups . Of these , 835 ( 97.7 % ) self-completed follow-up question naires at postprogram interviews on satisfaction , perceived usefulness , and adherence to the intervention . Over three-quarters of participants viewed at least half of the messages and 90.7 % ( 379/418 ) in the intervention group reported they would refer the program to a friend . Intervention group participants said the intervention helped them to be more positive ( 279/418 , 66.7 % ) and to get rid of negative thoughts ( 210/418 , 50.2%)—significantly higher than proportions in the control group . Conclusions Key messages from CBT can be delivered by mobile phone , and young people report that these are helpful . Change in clinician-rated depression symptom scores from baseline to 12 months , yet to be completed , will provide evidence on the effectiveness of the intervention . If proven effective , this form of delivery may be useful in many countries lacking widespread mental health services but with extensive mobile phone coverage . Clinical Trial Australia New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN ) : 12609000405213 ; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=83667 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/64aueRqOb Objective To evaluate the impacts of using SMS on improving laboratory test levels and Knowledge , Attitude , Practice ( KAP ) and Self Efficacy ( SE ) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) in Iran . Material s and methods In this r and omized controlled trial study , a total of 81 type 2 diabetes patients were r and omly assigned into two groups exp . group ( n = 43 ) and cont . group ( n = 38 ) . Only exp . group received 4 messages weekly consisted of diet , exercise , medication taking and . The research ers provided the intervention for 12 weeks . Data were collected with results of laboratory tests and KAP , SE reliable and valid question naires and demographic characteristics list . Data gathering at the baseline of the study and after 3 months intervention and was analyzed by SPSS11.5 software using descriptive and inferential statistics methods . Results The results of this study showed that exp . group compared with cont . group improved significantly in HbA1C ( p = 0.024 ) , LDL ( p = 0.019 ) , cholesterol ( p = 0.002 ) , BUN ( p ≤ 0.001 ) , micro albumin ( p ≤ 0.001 ) , knowledge ( p ≤ 0.001 ) , practice ( p ≤ 0.001 ) and self efficacy ( p ≤ 0.001 ) . Conclusion The finding of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of intervention using SMS via mobile phone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . Thus , further studies are recommended for wide usage of distance education with mobile phone utilization Background — Indirect evidence shows that alerting users with clinical decision support systems seems to change behavior more than requiring users to actively initiate the system . However , r and omized trials comparing these methods in a clinical setting are lacking . We studied the effect of both alerting and on-dem and decision support with respect to screening and treatment of dyslipidemia based on the guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners . Methods and Results — In a clustered r and omized trial design , 38 Dutch general practice s ( 77 physicians ) and 87 886 of their patients ( 39 433 men 18 to 70 years of age and 48 453 women 18 to 75 years of age ) who used the ELIAS electronic health record participated . Each practice was assigned to receive alerts , on-dem and support , or no intervention . We measured the percentage of patients screened and treated after 12 months of follow-up . In the alerting group , 65 % of the patients requiring screening were screened ( relative risk versus control=1.76 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.41 to 2.20 ) compared with 35 % of patients in the on-dem and group ( relative risk versus control=1.28 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.98 to 1.68 ) and 25 % of patients in the control group . In the alerting group , 66 % of patients requiring treatment were treated ( relative risk versus control=1.40 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.15 to 1.70 ) compared with 40 % of patients ( relative risk versus control=1.19 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.94 to 1.50 ) in the on-dem and group and 36 % of patients in the control group . Conclusion — The alerting version of the clinical decision support systems significantly improved screening and treatment performance for dyslipidemia by general practitioners Background and Aims Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy ( iCBT ) for social anxiety disorder has been found effective , as attested by independently conducted r and omized controlled trials in four language s. The study aim is to test the efficacy of an iCBT program in a culture where it was not tested before ( i.e. Romania ) . Methods Participants ( n = 76 ) were recruited , screened and r and omized to either a nine-week guided iCBT or a wait-list control group in April and May 2012 . Self-report measures were collected before ( April 2012 ) and after the intervention ( July 2012 ) , as well as six months later ( January 2013 ) . Although social anxiety was assessed with multiple measures , the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self Report version ( LSAS-SR ) and Social Phobia Inventory ( SPIN ) were used as the primary outcome measures . Results A significant difference with a large between-group effect size in favor of iCBT was found ( Cohen´s d = 1.19 for LSAS-SR and d = 1.27 for SPIN ) . Recovery rates show that 36.8 % ( n = 14 ) in the treatment group score below the SPIN clinical cut-off compared to only 2.6 % ( n = 1 ) in the wait-list control group . Post-intervention clinical interviews also revealed that 34.2 % ( n = 13 ) of the treatment group was completely recovered ( full remission ) while additionally 36.8 % ( n = 14 ) retained some social anxiety symptoms ( partial remission 
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We also confirmed that RCTs are valuable tools for assessing the effectiveness , acceptability , safety , privacy , appropriateness , satisfaction , performance , usefulness and adherence .