***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose Many treatment modalities exist to counteract the effects of cutaneous aging . Ablative methods have been the mainstay for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation .  In recent years , nonablative techniques have been developed with the aim of achieving facial rejuvenation without epidermal damage . Light-emitting diode ( LED ) photorejuvenation is a novel nonablative technique that induces collagen synthesis through biophotomodulatory pathways . Material s and methods A single-center , r and omized , single-blinded , placebo-controlled , split-faced clinical trial was design ed . Thirty-two patients were enrolled for a 12-week study . Patients were r and omized into one of four groups : Group A , treatment with KLOX-001 gel formulation and white LED ( placebo ) light ; Group B , treatment with a placebo/base gel ( no active chromophore ) formulation and KLOX LED light ; Group C , treatment with KLOX-001 gel formulation and KLOX LED light ; and Group D , treatment with the st and ard skin rejuvenating treatment ( 0.1 % retinol-based cream ) . Patients received treatment at weeks 0 , 1 , 2 , and 3 , and returned to the clinic at weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 for clinical assessment s performed by an independent , blinded committee of physicians using subjective clinician assessment scales . Tolerability , adverse outcomes , and patient satisfaction were also assessed . Results Analysis demonstrated that the KLOX LED light with KLOX placebo/base gel and the KLOX LED light + KLOX-001 gel formulation groups were superior to st and ard of care and KLOX-001 gel formulation with placebo light on subjective clinical assessment and multiple wrinkle scales , with statistically significant results obtained for brow positioning , perioral wrinkling , and total wrinkle score . Conclusion The study results show that KLOX LED light with KLOX-001 gel formulation and KLOX LED light with KLOX placebo/base gel are effective , safe , well-tolerated , and painless treatment modalities for skin rejuvenation Background : Cellulite of the upper lateral and posterior thighs and lower buttocks represents a common , physiological and unwanted condition whose etiologies and effective management are subjects of continued debate . Objective : The purpose of this controlled , double‐blinded study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel phosphatidylcholine‐based , cosmeceutical anti‐cellulite gel combined with a light‐emitting diode ( LED ) array at the wavelengths of red ( 660 nm ) and near‐infrared ( 950 nm ) , design ed to counter the possible mechanisms that purportedly accentuate the presence of thigh cellulite . Methods : Nine healthy female volunteers with Grade II – III thigh cellulite were r and omly treated twice daily with an active gel on one thigh and a placebo gel on the control thigh for 3 months . Twice weekly , each thigh was exposed for a 15‐minute treatment with LED light for a total of 24 treatments . At 0 , 6 , and 12 weeks of the study the following clinical determinants were obtained : st and ardized digital photography , height and weight measurements , st and ardized thigh circumference tape measurements , pinch testing , body mass index ( kg/m2 ) , body fat analysis ( Futrex‐5500/XL near‐infrared analyzer ) , and digital high‐resolution ultrasound imaging of the dermal – adiposal border . In selected patients , full‐thickness biopsies of the placebo and active‐treated sites were obtained . At 18 months , repeat st and ardized digital photography , height and weight measurements , and body mass index measurements were obtained . Results : At the end of 3 months , eight of nine thighs treated with the phosphatidylcholine‐based , anti‐cellulite gel and LED treatments were down grade d to a lower cellulite grade by clinical examination , digital photography , and pinch test assessment . Digital ultrasound at the dermal‐adiposal interface demonstrated not only a statistically significant reduction of immediate hypodermal depth , but also less echo‐like intrusions into the dermal layer . Three of six biopsies from thighs treated for 3 months with the active gel and LED treatments  demonstrated less intrusion of subcutaneous fat into the papillary and reticular dermis . In nine placebo and LED‐treated thighs and one of the actively treated thighs , minimal clinical changes were observed or measured by the clinical determinants throughout the 3‐month study . At the month‐18 evaluation period for the eight responsive thighs , five thighs reverted back to their original cellulite grading , while three thighs continued to maintain their improved status . Patients experienced minimal and transient side effects that included puritus , erythema and swelling . Conclusions : The results of this small but well‐documented , r and omized , double‐blinded study affirms that eight of nine thighs with Grade II – III cellulite responded positively to a novel , combined 3‐month treatment program of a phosphatidylcholine‐based , anti‐cellulite gel and LED exposure , as determined by the clinical determinants obtained . Patients experienced minimal and transient side effects . At the month‐18 evaluation period ( 15 months after treatment ) , five responsive thighs reverted back to their original cellulite grading , indicating a need for maintenance treatment . Future studies are needed to verify these tentative positive observations Background Blue and red light have been reported to have beneficial effects on acne . However , there has been no double‐blind , r and omized study of acne treatment for combined blue and red light‐emitting diode ( LED ) devices , and the associated molecular mechanisms have rarely been investigated BACKGROUND The most common side effects of fractional laser skin treatment are erythema and edema . Low‐level light therapy and light‐emitting diode ( LED ) devices have been used to stimulate fibroblast activity and hasten wound healing . OBJECTIVE To determine whether LED treatment immediately after fractional laser skin resurfacing affects the severity and duration of postoperative eythema . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty patients received treatment with a 590‐nm wavelength LED array to r and omly selected facial halves immediately after undergoing full‐face fractional laser skin resurfacing with a 1,550‐nm erbium‐doped fiber laser .  Differences in erythema between LED‐treated and untreated facial halves were recorded at 24 , 48 , and 96 hours post‐treatment . RESULTS The LED‐treated facial halves were less erythematous in all 20 patients 24 hours postoperatively . The six patients who received the highest mean energy densities during fractional laser treatment continued to exhibit decreased erythema in the LED‐treated areas at 48 hours . At 96 hours post‐treatment , no discernible differences between facial halves were observed in any patient . CONCLUSIONS Photomodulation with a 590‐nm‐wavelength LED array can decrease the intensity and duration of postfractional laser treatment erythema . The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters Background : Blue light irradiation reduces the proliferation of keratinocytes and modulates T-cell immune response in vitro and has been shown to reduce the severity of psoriasis vulgaris ( Pv ) in two clinical trials . Objective : Evaluation of safety and efficacy of long-term UV-free blue light treatment at home for mild Pv . Methods : Forty-seven patients with mild Pv were r and omized for receiving high-intensity blue light treatment ( HI : 453 nm LED , 200 mW/cm2 , n = 24 ) and low-intensity treatment ( LI : 453 nm LED , 100 mW/cm2 , n = 23 ) of one Pv plaque for 12 weeks . A contralateral control plaque remained untreated . Results : Patient compliance and satisfaction were high . The primary endpoint , change from baseline ( CfB ) of the Local Psoriasis Severity Index , revealed a significant improvement of the target compared to the control plaques ( ΔCfB for the HI group : -0.92 ± 1.10 , p = 0.0005 ; for the LI group : -0.74 ± 1.18 , p = 0.0064 ) . Conclusion : UV-free blue light home treatment is safe and improves Pv plaques BACKGROUND Recently , a dem and for safe and effective treatment of acne has been increasing . Although visible light has attracted attention as a new option , the effect of red light alone has not yet been evaluated . OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the efficacy of red light phototherapy with a portable device in acne vulgaris . METHODS Twenty-eight volunteers with mild to moderate acne were treated with portable red light – emitting devices in this split-face r and omized trial . The right or left side of the face was r and omized to treatment side and phototherapy was performed for 15 minutes twice a day for 8 weeks . Clinical photographs , lesion counts , and a visual analog scale ( VAS ) were used to assess each side of the face at baseline and Weeks 1 , 2 , 4 , and 8 , and a split-face comparison was performed . RESULTS The percent improvement in noninflammatory and inflammatory lesion counts of the treated side was significant compared to the control side ( p<.005 ) . VAS decreased from 3.9 to 1.9 on the treatment side and the difference between the treatment and control sides was significant at Week 8 ( p<.005 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study shows that red light phototherapy alone can be a new therapeutic option for acne vulgaris Abstract Introduction : Blue-light light-emitting diode ( LED ) therapy has become widely used for the treatment of  inflammatory acne . In this study we evaluated the efficacy of a home use blue-light LED application in improving lesions and shortening their time to clearance . Methods : This was an IRB approved r and omized self-control study . For each patient ( n = 30 ) , 2 similar lesions , one of each side of the face were chosen for treatment with either a blue-light LED h and -held or sham device . Treatments ( n = 4 ) were conducted twice daily in the clinic and lesions were followed-up till resolution . Reduction in blemishes size and erythema and the overall improvement were evaluated by both the physician and the patients . Time to lesion resolution was recorded . Results : There was a significant difference in the response of lesions to the blue-light LED application as opposed to the placebo in terms of reduction in lesion size and lesion erythema as well as the improvement in the overall skin condition ( p < 0.025 ) . Signs of improvement were observed as early as post 2 treatments . Time to resolution was significantly shorter for the blue-light LED therapy . Conclusion : The results support the effectiveness of using blue-light LED therapy on a daily basis for better improvement and faster resolution of inflammatory acne lesions Abstract The treatment of acne vulgaris poses a challenge to the dermatologist , and the disease causes emotional anxiety for the patient . The treatment of acne vulgaris may be well-suited to home-use applications , where sufferers may be too embarrassed to seek medical treatment . This r and omized controlled study is design ed to quantify the effectiveness of using a blue light device in a therapy combined with proprietary creams , in the investigation of a self-treatment regimen . A total of 41 adults with mild-to-moderate facial inflammatory acne were recruited . The subjects were r and omly assigned to combination blue light therapy ( n = 26 ) or control ( n = 15 ) . Photography was used for qualitative assessment of lesion counts , at weeks 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , and 12 . All subjects in the treatment cohort achieved a reduction in their inflammatory lesion counts after 12 weeks . The mean inflammatory lesion counts reduced by 50.02 % in the treatment cohort , and increased by 2.45 % in the control cohort . The reduction in inflammatory lesions was typically observable at week-3 , and maximal between weeks 8 and 12 . The treatment is free of pain and side-effects . The blue light device offers a valuable alternative to antibiotics and potentially irritating topical treatments . Blue light phototherapy , using a narrow-b and LED light source , appears to be a safe and effective additional therapy for mild to moderate acne Chronic wounds , especially in diabetic patients , represent a challenging health issue . Since st and ard treatment protocol s often do not provide satisfactory results , additional treatment methods —like phototherapy using low-level light therapy — are being investigated . The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy with light-emitting diodes on chronic wound treatment  in diabetic and non-diabetic patients . Since a sufficient blood supply is m and atory for wound healing , the evaluation of microcirculation in the healthy skin at a wound ’s edge was the main outcome measure . Forty non-diabetic patients and 39 diabetics with lower limb chronic wounds who were referred to the University Medical Center Ljubljana between October 2012 and June 2014 were r and omized to the treated and control groups . The treated group received phototherapy with LED 2.4 J/cm2 ( wavelengths 625 , 660 , 850 nm ) three times a week for 8 weeks , and the control group received phototherapy with broadb and 580–900 nm and power density 0.72 J/cm2 . Microcirculation was measured using laser Doppler . A significant increase in blood flow was noted in the treated group of diabetic and non-diabetic patients ( p = 0.040 and p = 0.033 ) , while there was no difference in the control groups . Additional Falanga wound bed score evaluation showed a significant improvement in both treated groups as compared to the control group . According to 
    Output:
    
Conclusions LEDs represent an emerging modality to alter skin biology and change the paradigm of managing skin conditions .