***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: In recent work , we showed that putatively adaptive emotion regulation strategies , such as re appraisal and acceptance , have a weaker association with psychopathology than putatively maladaptive strategies , such as rumination , suppression , and avoidance ( e.g. , Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema , 2010 ; Aldao , Nolen-Hoeksema , & Schweizer , 2010 ) . In this investigation , we examined the interaction between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the prediction of psychopathology symptoms ( depression , anxiety , and alcohol problems ) concurrently and prospect ively . We assessed trait emotion regulation and psychopathology symptoms in a sample of community residents at Time 1 ( N = 1,317 ) and then reassessed psychopathology at Time 2 ( N = 1,132 ) . Cross-sectionally , we found that the relationship between adaptive strategies and psychopathology symptoms was moderated by levels of maladaptive strategies : adaptive strategies had a negative association with psychopathology symptoms only at high levels of maladaptive strategies . In contrast , adaptive strategies showed no prospect i ve relationship to psychopathology symptoms either alone or in interaction with maladaptive strategies . We discuss the implication s of this investigation for future work on the context ual factors surrounding the deployment of emotion regulation strategies Background : Deficits in emotion regulation skills are possible factors maintaining major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . Therefore , the aim of the study was to test whether integrating a systematic emotion regulation training ( ERT ) enhances the efficacy of routine inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) for MDD . Methods : In a prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial , 432 in patients meeting criteria for MDD were assigned to receive either routine CBT or CBT enriched with an intense emotion regulation skills training ( CBT-ERT ) . Results : Participants in the CBT-ERT condition demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in depression ( response rates - CBT : 75.5 % , CBT-ERT : 84.9 % ; remission rates - CBT : 51.1 % , CBT-ERT : 65.1 % ) . Moreover , CBT-ERT participants demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of negative affect , as well as a greater increase of well-being and emotion regulation skills particularly relevant for mental health . Conclusions : Integrating strategies that target emotion regulation skills improves the efficacy of CBT for MDD OBJECTIVE To describe an adapted version of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder . METHOD The dialectical behavior therapy intervention is delivered over 1 year and consists of two modalities : family skills training ( conducted with individual family units ) and individual therapy . The acute treatment period ( 6 months ) includes 24 weekly sessions ; sessions alternate between the two treatment modalities . Continuation treatment consists of 12 additional sessions tapering in frequency through 1 year . We conducted an open pilot trial of the treatment , design ed as an adjunct to pharmacological management , to establish feasibility and acceptability of the treatment for this population . Participants included 10 patients ( mean age 15.8 + /- 1.5 years , range 14 - 18 ) receiving treatment in an outpatient pediatric bipolar specialty clinic .  Symptom severity and functioning were assessed quarterly by an independent evaluator . Consumer satisfaction was also assessed posttreatment . RESULTS Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were high , with 9 of 10 patients completing treatment , 90 % of scheduled sessions attended , and high treatment satisfaction ratings . Patients exhibited significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment in suicidality , nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior , emotional dysregulation , and depressive symptoms . CONCLUSIONS Dialectical behavior therapy may offer promise as an approach to the psychosocial treatment of adolescent bipolar disorder Background : Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy ( ECBT ) is a new form of CBT with emotion regulation components . This form of treatment is suggested to be employed to improve dysregulation of anxiety and other kind of emotions in anxious children . This study observed and compared the effectiveness of CBT and ECBT on anxiety symptoms ; sadness and anger management ; and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in children with separation anxiety disorder ( SAD ) . Material s and Methods : This study is a r and omized clinical trial . Subjects were 30 children from 9 to 13-years-old ( 15 girls and 15 boys ) with diagnosis of SAD , being r and omly assigned to CBT , ECBT , and control groups ( five girls and five boys in each group ) . Subject children in CBT group participated in 10-h weekly sessions within Coping Cat manual ; whereas , subject children in ECBT group contributed in 12-h weekly sessions within ECBT . The control group received no treatment . The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders ( SCARED ; child and parent forms ) , Children 's Emotion Management Scale ( CEMS ; anger and sadness forms ) , and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Question naire ( CERQ ) tests administered to all subjects in pretest , posttest , and the follow-up measurement ( 3 months later ) . Analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) repeated measure and Kruskal-Wallis were applied to analyze data by Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) software package ( v. 20 ) . Results : CBT and ECBT ; demonstrated no significant difference in reducing separation anxiety and total anxiety symptoms from parent and children 's reports . ECBT effectively increased anger coping and decreased negative cognitive strategies and dysregulation of anger in children , both in posttest and follow-up . Also , ECBT reduced sadness dysregulation and increased sadness coping , though these significant advantages were lost in 3 months later follow-up . CBT reduced negative cognitive strategies in follow-up and increased sadness coping in posttest . None of treatments affected on anger and sadness inhibition and positive cognitive coping in separation anxious children . Conclusion : ECBT , in comparison with CBT ; effectively improved emotion regulation strategies in children with separation anxiety OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training ( ERT ) , a 17-session weekly group training for adolescents with borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) symptoms . METHOD One hundred nine adolescents with borderline traits ( 73 % meeting the full criteria for BPD ) were r and omized to treatment as usual only ( TAU ) or ERT + TAU . Outcome measurements included severity of BPD symptoms , general psychopathology , and quality of life . Multilevel analyses were conducted on an intent-to-treat basis . Clinical significant change was determined by normative comparisons on a primary outcome measurement . RESULTS Independent of treatment condition , the two groups improved equally on the severity of BPD symptoms , general psychopathology , and quality of life . Nineteen percent of the ERT group was remitted according to the cutoff score after treatment ( at 6 months ) versus 12 % of the control group . Follow-up assessment s in the ERT group at 12 months showed some further improvement ( 33 % remittance ) . With regard to predictors of outcomes , adolescents with higher levels of depression or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or oppositional-defiant disorder at baseline and who reported a history of abuse had worse outcomes , regardless of treatment condition . The attrition rate for the ERT sessions was remarkably low ( 19 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Early interventions for BPD symptoms in adolescence are feasible and necessary . No additional effect of ERT over TAU could be demonstrated in the present study . There is a clear need for developing effective interventions for adolescents with persistent BPD symptomatology . Clinical trial registration information-Evaluation of Group Training for Adolescents ( Emotion Regulation Training ) with Emotion Regulation Problems : A R and omized Controlled Clinical Trial ; http://trailregister.nl/ ; IS RCT N97589104 This study presents the outcomes of mediator analyses as part of a r and omized controlled trial of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy ( CBT ) for young people who engage in deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) . The study involved 90 people , aged 15 - 35 years , who were r and omly assigned to CBT in addition to treatment as usual or to treatment as usual only .  The findings showed that changes in DSH were partially mediated by changes in emotion-regulation difficulties , particularly difficulties with impulse control and goal -directed behaviours . In addition , the potential mediating role of symptoms of depression , anxiety and suicidal cognitions was examined . Although the CBT intervention significantly reduced depression , anxiety and suicidal cognitions , these measures of symptom severity did not play a mediating role . These findings suggest that interventions for DSH should not primarily focus on mental disorders associated with DSH , but should be DSH-specific and should target specific emotion-regulation difficulties This study evaluated the efficacy of Integrated Family and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy ( IFCBT ) , a multisystems treatment for adolescent drug abuse , versus a Drugs Harm Psychoeducation curriculum ( DHPE ) . A r and omized controlled trial assessed youth and parents at baseline and at 1 , 3 and 6-month posttreatment points . Youth participants ( N=43 ) met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychoactive substance use disorders with most youth meeting criteria for alcohol and marijuana use disorders .  IFCBT produced significant reductions in posttreatment substance use when compared against DHPE . Throughout the 6-month posttreatment period , youth receiving IFCBT  used alcohol an average of 2.03 days each month , which was significantly lower than the average number of 6.06 days that DHPE youth used alcohol during the same period . Similarly , youth receiving IFCBT  used marijuana an average of 5.67 days each month during the initial 6 posttreatment months which was also significantly lower than the average number of 13.83 days that DHPE youth used marijuana each month during the same period . IFCBT also reduced rates of any marijuana use and produced significant changes in targeted psychosocial risk and protective factors . IFCBT youth exhibited significantly higher levels of rational problem solving and learning strategy skills , and significantly lower levels of problem avoidance when compared with DHPE youths . IFCBT parents exhibited significantly more adaptive scores on communication , involvement , control , and values/norms indices when compared with DHPE parents . No iatrogenic effects were exhibited among youth in either IFCBT or DHPE conditions on the outcome measures examined . The present study findings suggest that IFCBT is a promising approach for the treatment of adolescents with psychoactive substance use disorders 
    Output:
    
This is the first meta- analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth .
The results suggest that interventions  can enhance ER in youth , and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology .