***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: In traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) , the Yiqigubiao pill is commonly used to enhance physical fitness . The current clinical trial was design ed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Yiqigubiao pill as an adjuvant therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . The current trial was a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled superiority trial . The participants were recruited from out patients at the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University ( Ürümqi , China ) between February and September 2012 . All participants were patients with stable COPD that were r and omized to the Yiqigubiao pill ( YQGB ; n=84 ) or placebo ( Pb ; n=87 ) groups . The occurrences of acute exacerbation ( AE ) of COPD during the trial were recorded . Lung function value assessment s , scoring of life quality and exercise endurance , arterial blood gas analysis and serum inflammatory cytokines level determination were performed prior to and throughout the study . A total of 139 participants completed the intervention and 132 participants completed the study . The interval between the initial intervention and the first AE COPD was greater in the YQGB group compared with the Pb group ( P<0.01 ) . The incidence rate of AE COPD was lower in the YQGB group than in the Pb group ( P<0.01 ) . Subsequent to the intervention or at the end of the study , the 6-min walking distance difference was longer in the YQGB group compared with the Pb group ( P<0.01 ) . The scores reflecting life quality decline became lower in the YQGB group ( P<0.01 ) . The serum levels of proinflammatory factors were downregulated to a greater extent in the YQGB group compared with the Pb group . Thus , the Yiqigubiao pill is an efficient and safe adjuvant therapy for the treatment of stable patients with COPD Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if components of the COPD Assessment Test ( CAT ) , a vali date d health status impairment instrument , had additional utility in identifying patients at risk for COPD in whom spirometry testing is appropriate . This study was part of the Canadian Obstructive Lung Disease prevalence study . Consenting participants ≥ 40 years of age were identified by r and om digit dialing .  Smoking history , 8-item CAT scores , and post-bronchodilator spirometry  were recorded for each . Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables related to the presence of airway obstruction and a final logistic model was developed which best predicted COPD in this sample . Of the 801 individuals approached , 532 were included : 51 ( 9.6 % ) had COPD , the majority ( 92 % ) of whom fit GOLD I or II severity criteria . Items that correlated significantly with a COPD diagnosis included the CAT total score ( p = 0.01 ) and its breathlessness ( p < 0.0001 ) and phlegm ( p = 0.001 ) components . The final logistic model included : age ( < 55 or ≥55 years ) , smoking status ( current , former , never ) and the CAT breathlessness score ( ordinal scale 0–5 ) . The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.77 , sensitivity was 77.6 % , specificity was 64.9 % and the positive likelihood ratio was 2.21 . In summary , the triad of smoking history , age at least 55 years and the presence of exertional breathlessness were key elements of a simple model which had reliable measurement properties when tested in a r and om population . This may help identify patients at risk for COPD for whom spirometry testing is recommended This study aim ed to evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive therapy based on traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) patterns on older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) through a four-center , open-label , r and omized controlled trial . Patients were divided into the trial group treated using conventional western medicine and Bu-Fei Jian-Pi granules , Bu-Fei Yi-Shen granules , and Yi-Qi Zi-Shen granules based on TCM patterns respectively ; and the control group treated using conventional western medicine . A total of 136 patients ⩾ 65 years completed the study , with 63 patients comprising the trial group and 73 comprising the control group . After the six-month treatment and the 12-month follow-up period , significant differences were observed between the trial and control groups in the following aspects : frequency of acute exacerbation ( P ⩽ 0.040 ) , duration of acute exacerbation ( P = 0.034 ) , symptoms ( P ⩽ 0.034 ) , 6-min walking distance ( 6MWD ) ( P ⩽ 0.039 ) , dyspnea scale ( P ⩽ 0.036 ) ; physical domain ( P ⩽ 0.019 ) , psychological domain ( P ⩽ 0.033 ) , social domain ( P ⩽ 0.020 ) , and environmental domain ( P ⩽ 0.044 ) of the WHOQOL-BREF question naire ; and daily living ability domain ( P ⩽ 0.007 ) , social activity domain ( P ⩽ 0.018 ) , depression symptoms domain ( P ⩽ 0.025 ) , and anxiety symptoms domain ( P ⩽ 0.037 ) of the COPD -QOL . No differences were observed between the trial and control groups with regard to FVC , FEV1 , and FEV1 % OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect Bufei granule , which is a traditional Chinese drug that can enhance the immune function of the lung , on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . METHODS This is a r and omized , double blinded , placebo-controlled , and multicenter clinical study . Three medical centers in Tianjin , China , participated in the trial . A total of 140 patients with stable COPD were enrolled and r and omized into two groups , with 70 patients in each . The treatment group was treated with Bufei granule , while the control group received Bufei placebo . The pharmacological treatment lasted for 12 weeks from the date of enrollment . Then , the indexes of patients were observed . Data were analyzed to study the effect of Bufei granule , with the frequency of acute exacerbation as the primary outcome . Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes , Modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score , St. George 's respiratory question naire scores , pulmonary function , and serum inflammatory marker levels [ including interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and transformation growth factor-beta1 ] were the secondary outcomes . RESULTS During the 12-week treatment , treatment and control groups had no adverse reactions . The analysis of the indexes obtained from all patients showed that the therapeutic effect in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group because most of the similar probabilities of primary and secondary outcomes were less than 0.05 , except for the level of IL-6 . CONCLUSION Bufei granule can treat patients with stable COPD by lowering the frequency of acute exacerbation , improving the quality of life , and alleviating the severity of inflammation Background : A Chinese herb formula Yufeining ( YFN ) has showed promise in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , less is known that the impact of YFN in combination with st and ard Western treatments on lung inflammation . This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of YFN as a treatment for stable COPD and as an anti-inflammatory agent . Methods : Sixty patients with stable COPD were r and omly assigned to two treatment groups ( YFN treatment , N = 30 ; placebo treatment , N = 30 ) . Both groups received inhaled steroids and bronchodilators during an 8-week intervention , and patient status was assessed at 8 weeks later and 4 months after treatment . The primary outcome included clinical efficacy . The secondary outcomes involved CAT score , mMRC grade , six-minute walking distance ( 6MWD ) . IL-8 , TNF-&agr ; , IL-17A , LTB4 , TGF-&bgr;1 and CRP were also detection in peripheral serum , as well as adverse reaction conditions . Results : The YFN group demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical efficacy ( compare 89.3 % to 63.3 % in the placebo group ; P < 0.05 ) . CAT scores and mMRC grade s significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) , and 6MWD significantly increased ( P<0.05 ) , after YFN treatment . The levels of IL-8 , TNF-&agr ; , LTB4 and CRP decreased significantly after 8 weeks of treatment compared to baseline levels in both groups . Only in the YFN treatment group , the levels of IL-17A decreased significantly after treatment compared to baseline levels ( P < 0.05 ) . No changes were observed inTGF-&bgr;1 from pre-to post-treatment in either group ( P > 0.05 ) . Serum levels of IL-8 , TNF-&agr ; , IL-17A , LTB4 and CRP decreased significantly after YFN treatment compared to the placebo group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : A combinatorial treatment approach with YFN , inhaled steroids and bronchodilators produced a clinical ly effective treatment for stable COPD , leading to a significant decrease in circulating inflammatory mediators . The study appeared YFN was safety . Clinical trial registration number : No. ChiCTR-IOR-17013577 Purpose Recurrence of acute exacerbations has a major impact on patients with COPD . Therefore , effective prevention and treatment of exacerbation is crucial in the management of COPD , especially for patients with moderate to severe disease . This study evaluated the effectiveness of YuPingFeng granule administration in preventing exacerbation and improving symptom score , as well as its long-term ( 1 year ) safety profile , in patients with COPD . Patients and methods This was a r and omized , double-blind , parallel , placebo-controlled study of 240 patients from eight centers in China . Participants were eligible if they had mild to severe COPD as defined by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease , had a history of at least two COPD exacerbations or one hospitalization within the previous year , and had remained clinical ly stable for over 4 weeks before the study . They were r and omly assigned to receive 5 g of YuPingFeng or placebo , three times per day , for 1 year . The primary end point was the exacerbation rate over 1 year , and the analysis was by intention to treat . Secondary end points included symptom score , which was assessed by COPD assessment test ( CAT ) score and safety profiles . This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ; registration number : ChiCTR-IPR-15007023 ) . Results The YuPingFeng group had a significantly lower exacerbation rate than the placebo group ( 1.15 vs 1.55 ; risk ratio=0.677 [ 95 % CI 0.531–0.863 ] ; P=0.002 ) and a significantly reduced risk of second exacerbation ( 95 % CI 0.326–0.772 ; P=0.002 ) . After treatment , the mean change in the CAT score in the YuPingFeng group ( −4.41±7.01 ) differed significantly from that in the placebo group ( −2.49±5.31 ; P=0.001 ) . YuPingFeng was well tolerated  . Conclusion YuPingFeng granules can be considered as a treatment option for COPD ; this treatment prevents acute exacerbations of COPD and has a good safety profile 
    Output:
    
RESULTS This systematic review and meta- analysis will provide a high- quality comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety based on current literature evidence of CHM intervention for stable COPD .
The conclusion of this study will present the evidence of whether CHM is an effective and safe intervention for stable COPD patients