***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) results in a progressive loss of function such that family caregivers provide a large percentage of the personal care to PD patients living in the home setting . Objectives : The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and impact of function-focused care for PD ( FFC-PD ) developed to optimize function and physical activity among people with PD who live in the community . Methods : This pilot study was a single-group , 2 pretest , 3 posttest repeated- measures design to investigate the impact of the FFC-PD intervention over a 12-month period . Measurements included the Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations for Exercise and Functional Activities , Yale Physical Activity Scale , Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale , Barthel Index , Schwab & Engl and , Timed Chair Rise , Parkinson 's Disease Question naire-39 , and Geriatric Depression Scale . Results : The impact of FFC-PD on a person with PD showed a statistically significant increase in outcome expectations for exercise , F(3 , 60 ) = 3.09 , p = .034 ; hours a week exercising , F(1 , 24 ) = 4.95 , p = .004 ; mean weekly energy expenditure , F(2,43 ) = 4.32 , p = .017 ; hours spent in overall activities , F(3 , 60 ) = 6.06 , p = .001 ; decreased disability based on the Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale , F(2 , 40 ) = 9.48 , p < .001 ; improved Parkinson 's Disease Question naire-39 score , F(3 , 60 ) = 3.81 , p = .014 ; and a trend toward significance on Barthel Index , F(1.6 , 31 ) = 3.47 , p = .055 . Discussion : Function-focused care for PD has a significant effect on increasing and on strengthening outcome expectations related to exercise , time spent in exercise , and physical activity and in improving functional performance in people with PD . Further research is needed to explore the use of objective measurements of functional performance and activity and to test FFC-PD in a r and omized controlled trial Purpose / Objective : The objective of this study was to explore the positive aspects experienced by  adult children  in providing care to their parent who has either Parkinson ’s or Alzheimer ’s disease . Design : A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyze audiotaped in-depth semistructured interviews that were conducted with 34 adult children who were primary caregivers as part of a larger r and omized clinical trial . Setting : Individual interviews were conducted by trained research assistants in the caregiver ’s home . Sample : Thirty-four adult children caregivers who were primary caregivers for their respective 34 parents . Seventy-six percent ( n = 26 ) of the caregivers were caring for a parent with Alzheimer ’s disease . Twenty-four percent ( n = 8) were caring for a parent with Parkinson ’s disease . Eighty-two percent were adult daughters . Mean age of the caregiver was 52 years , and the mean age of the parent was 81 years . Fifty-three percent of caregivers were white , and 47 % were black . Data Analysis : A conventional content analysis was performed to summarize themes . Findings : Results indicated that most caregivers had positive experiences . Three relationship-centered themes were identified : spending and enjoying time together , appreciating each other and becoming closer , and giving back care . A small number of caregivers ( n = 6 ) could not identify positive experiences . Conclusion / Implication s : Caregivers who had positive experiences in caregiving expressed fewer feelings of being overwhelmed or distressed by their situations . Further study is needed on caregivers who do not experience positive aspects in caring for a parent , and these caregivers potentially may be a group that warrants further intervention by advanced practice nurses Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) primarily affects older adults , who manage their symptoms with complex medicine regimens . This mixed- methods study evaluated the usefulness and usability of follow-up telehealth medication counseling with a sample of community-based PD patients . Patients taking three or more medications for Parkinson 's disease were r and omly assigned to the teaching modalities of videophone or telephone . A self-care st and ardized medication educational session lasting 20 to 30 minutes was conducted , and patient and nurse usefulness of the intervention was evaluated by responses to a 15- question Likert scale and elicited comments . Patients ' satisfaction with the intervention involved patterns of time , education , and technology . Videophone users were more satisfied with the equipment and counseling .  Videophones were considered easy access to supportive , expert neuroscience nurses . Overall , videophone counseling sessions were significantly more useful than the telephone sessions ( t[34 ] = 0.896 , p = 0.004 , 95 % confidence interval = 1.90 to 3.12 ) . Nurses found visualization via videophone  significantly more useful for medication and self-management interactions Aim . To identify the factors associated with better self-management in people with moderate to high levels of Parkinson 's disease following an acute illness event . Design and methods . A prospect i ve , descriptive study conducted with 75 persons with Parkinson 's disease over the age of 55 , collected twice : within a week of an acute event and 1 month later , after resuming usual life at home . Participants completed a question naire on self-rated health status , self-efficacy , sense of coherence , symptom monitoring and medication and general self-management .  Background . Parkinson 's disease is a chronic neurological condition that affects many dimensions of life , including threats to self-identity and confidence in self-management . Self-management has the potential to reduce costs through decreased hospital admissions , disease progression and avoidance of complications . While evidence for the relationships between self-management and self-efficacy and sense of coherence has been demonstrated in some chronic illness groups , this has not previously been demonstrated in Parkinson 's disease . Results . The independent predictors of better self-management were not being hospitalized in the last 6 months , more frequent symptom checking and better self-efficacy for self-management . The influence of other factors on self-management , such as sense of coherence , was mediated through self-efficacy . Support of family and others was associated with better self-efficacy both directly and through an improved sense of coherence . Conclusions and relevance to nursing practice . The presence of informal support plays an important role in sustaining self-efficacy and sense of coherence and hence self-management in persons with Parkinson 's disease . Since these attributes are amenable to change , nurses are in a good position to encourage participation in Parkinson 's support groups , teach self-management skills through regular symptom monitoring and to assess and promote self-efficacy and sense of coherence AIM This paper presents findings from secondary analysis of longitudinal data on correlates of care relationship mutuality collected from 91 carers of people with Alzheimer 's disease and Parkinson 's disease in the control group of a r and omized trial of home-care skill training . BACKGROUND Many family members and other informal carers are reported to suffer multiple adverse social , financial , psychological and physical caregiving outcomes . High levels of mutuality , the perception that the quality of the care relationship is positive , reportedly ameliorate these negative outcomes . METHOD Multilevel models for change were used to explore whether care recipient functional ability , carer gender , depressive symptoms , kin relation to care recipient ( spouse , non-spouse ) and years of caregiving experience were related to carers ' perceptions of care relationship mutuality over a 12-month period . Data collection took place between 2003 and 2008 . RESULTS Carers who reported lower mutuality : ( 1 ) were caring for care recipients with lower functional ability , ( 2 ) had less caregiving experience and ( 3 ) had more depressive symptoms . CONCLUSION Informal carers who perceive little mutuality in their relationship with the care recipient may be more likely to terminate care early . Clinicians and research ers should explore the quality of the caregiving relationship as a critical factor in carer and care recipient outcomes . Home-care skill training may need to include relationship-building skills to offset adverse carer outcomes 
    Output:
    
Family caregiving was the most studied topic , followed by symptom management/medication adherence , quality of life , end-of-life/palliative care , and functional status/improving function .