***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE : To compare the efficacy of a single-incision mini-sling , placed in the “ U ” position , with tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence . METHODS : Women with urodynamic stress incontinence with or without genital prolapse were r and omized to receive a mini-sling or TVT ( N=263 ) . Those r and omized to the mini-sling received two “ sham ” suprapubic incisions to facilitate blinding . The primary outcome was subjective cure ( absence of any urinary incontinence or retreatment ) as assessed at 1 year . This trial was a noninferiority study design . RESULTS : Participants receiving the mini-sling  were less likely to have a bladder injury ( 0.8 % compared with 4.8 % ; P=.0.46 ) , more likely to be discharged without a catheter ( 78.5 % compared with 63 % ; P=.008 ) , and had less pain for postoperative days 1–3 . One year after surgery , the rate of cure was similar between treatment groups ( mini-sling 55.8 % compared with TVT 60.6 % ; mean difference , 4.8 % ; 95 % confidence interval , −16.7 to + 7.2 ) ; however , this did not meet our predefined noninferiority criteria of −12 % . Incontinence severity at 1 year was greater with the mini-sling than with TVT ( mean severity score ± SD : 2.2±2.7 compared with 1.5±1.9 ; P=.015 ) , result ing predominantly from a higher proportion of participants with “ severe ” incontinence postoperatively ( 16 % compared with 5 % ; P=.025 ) . CONCLUSION : The mini-sling placed in the “ U ” position results in similar subjective cure rates  to TVT 1 year after surgery but postoperative incontinence severity is greater with the mini-sling than with TVT . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE : Introduction and hypothesisThe aim of this prospect i ve r and omized multicenter study was to compare retropubic tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) with TVT Secur in terms of efficacy and safety . Methods We set out to enrol 280 stress urinary incontinent ( SUI ) women with a half-time interim analysis of short-term cure and adverse events . The short-term results have previously been published . Of the133 r and omized women , 125 underwent surgery , and 121 ( TVT n = 61 , TVT Secur n = 60 ) were available for follow-up 1 year postsurgery . Results No significant differences were found between groups regarding demographics or incontinence grade . One year after surgery , both subjective and objective cure rates were significantly lower for TVT Secur than for TVT ( subjective cure : TVT 98 % , TVT Secur 80 % , p = 0.03 ; objective cure : TVT 94 % , TVT Secur 71 % for cough test , p = 0.01 ; TVT 76 % , TVT Secur 58 % for pad test , p = 0.05 ) . Three major complications occurred in the TVT Secur group : one tape erosion into the urethra , one tape inadvertently placed into the bladder , and one immediate postoperative bleeding due to injury to the corona mortis . No major complications occurred in the TVT group . No significant differences were found between groups regarding peroperative bleeding , hospital stay , urge symptoms , residual urinary volume , subjective bladder emptying problems , postoperative urinary tract infections , and minor complications . The TVT Secur group used more antimuscarine medication after surgery than the TVT group ( p = 0.03 ) . Median time for surgery was 13 and 22 min for TVT Secur and TVT , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . Conclusion The TVT Secur procedure had significantly inferior subjective and objective cure rates compared with the retropubic TVT procedure . Three serious adverse events occurred in the TVT Secur group . We therefore discourage further use of TVT Secur Introduction and hypothesisThe aim of this study is to compare a modified inside-out transobturator procedure with its original counterpart [ inside-out transobturator ( TVT-O ) ] for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . Methods A prospect i ve , r and omized trial in women suffering from SUI was used . The modified procedure consisted of a shorter tape whilst the scissors or guide no longer perforated the obturator membrane . The primary outcome was the resolution of subjective and objective SUI at 1 year . Secondary outcome measures included adverse events , quality of life measures , and groin pain . Results One hundred seventy-five patients were r and omized . No intraoperative complications were recorded . The SUI cure rate was 91.7 % versus 90.7 % ( original versus modified , respectively ; p = 0.824 ) . Incidence and intensity of groin pain was higher in the original TVT-O group on day 0 and 1 ( p < 0.05 ) , requiring more analgesics ( p = 0.015 ) but not thereafter . Conclusions At 1 year follow-up , the modified inside-out transobturator tape procedure was as efficient and safe as the original technique but associated with less immediate postoperative groin pain BACKGROUND No studies have been published comparing the U- and H-type methods of the TVT SECUR ( TVT-S ) procedure . OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of the two types of TVT-S for female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Women with urodynamic SUI were enrolled in this 12-mo multicenter r and omized study . INTERVENTION Subjects were r and omly allocated to either the U- or H-type method of TVT-S. MEASUREMENTS Pre- and postoperative evaluations included a st and ing stress test , the S and vik question naire , the Incontinence Quality of Life ( I-QOL ) question naire , and the International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ( ICIQ-FLUTS ) . Patients ' satisfaction and complications were evaluated . Objective and subjective cures were defined as no leakage on the stress test and responses on the S and vik question naire , respectively . We compared the surgical outcomes between the two methods . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Of 285 women , 144 had the U-type method and 141 had the H-type method .  Objective cure rates were 87.5 % for the U-type method and 80.1 % for the H-type method ( p=0.091 ) . Subjective cure rates were 77.1 % for the U-type method and 75.7 % for the H-type method ( p=0.786 ) . Improvement in I-QOL and domain scores of the ICIQ-FLUTS ( filling and incontinence sum , QOL score ) , and patients ' satisfaction favored the U-type method . There were three cases of intraoperative vaginal wall perforation , one case of increased bleeding , and three cases of temporary postoperative retention . A power calculation was not performed , and some baseline characteristics were not balanced between the two methods . CONCLUSIONS Both methods of TVT-S provided comparable cure rates for female SUI . However , QOL and treatment satisfaction favored the U-type method . TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of this study was not registered OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and complications associated with use of the TVT SECUR System device with placement of the tape in either a " hammock " or " U " position for management of stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . METHODS A prospect i ve study of patients with SUI allocated into one of two groups : " hammock " or " U " tape placement .  Preoperative urodynamic results were compared with results at the 6-month and 1-year follow up . Outcome measures were objective cough test assessment and subjective patient responses to a question naire at follow up . RESULTS Of 82 patients included in the study , 43 comprised the " hammock " group and 39 comprised the " U " group . The objective cure rate at 1-year follow up was 62.8 % ( n=27 ) in the " hammock " group and 71.8 % ( n=28 ) in the " U " group . At 1-year follow up , the subjective cure , improvement , and failure rates for the " hammock " group were 60.5 % , 13.9 % , and 25.7 % respectively , and 69.2 % , 12.8 % , and 17.9 % respectively , for the " U " group . CONCLUSION The efficacy of the TVT SECUR System was lower ( < 72 % ) than the cure rates reported for other TVT procedures ; further studies are required Introduction and hypothesisThe purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical values of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) , tension-free vaginal tape-transobturator ( TVT-O ) , or tension-free vaginal tape-Secur ( TVT-Secur ) as treatment for female stress urinary incontinence . Methods The pre-operative and 1-year post-operative follow-up protocol s for patients who were treated with serial mid-urethral tension-free tape procedures in two hospitals from October 2008 to December 2009 were prospect ively studied . These patients were r and omly allocated to TVT , TVT-O , or TVT-Secur . Results A total of 102 women participated . At the 1-year follow-up , complications were not statistically different across the three groups except for pain in the thigh , which was more common in the TVT-O group . The overall efficacy and cure rate were similar between the TVT and TVT-O groups , but were significantly lower in the TVT-Secur group . Conclusions A comparison of the three procedures shows that TVT-O is easy to operate and is as safe as TVT-Secur , and it has similar long-term efficacy to TVT , though , as one of the third-generation mid-urethral tension-free tapes , TVT-Secur is still being evaluated . Basing on the outcome of our study , it had rare complications but unsatisfactory efficacy , and we suggest that TVT-Secur is not fit for severe cases . However , observation and comparison of these groups in a larger sample size on a longer term are needed Purpose We compared outcomes of the U- and H-type approaches of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)-Secur procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) . Material s and Methods From March 2007 to July 2008 , 115 women with SUI underwent TVT-Secur by a single surgeon . Patients were r and omly assigned to either the U- or the H-type approach . After 12 months , postoperative changes in the S and vik question naire , incontinence quality of life question naire ( I-QoL ) , Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms-scored form ( BFLUTS-SF ) , and postoperative patient satisfaction were evaluated . Cure was regarded as no leakage on the S and vik question naire . Complications were also evaluated . Results Of 115 women , 53 were treated with the U approach , and 62 women were treated with the H approach . At 12 months , 88.7 % of those treated with the U approach and 87.1 % of those treated with the H approach were cured ( p=0.796 ) . The I-QoL and filling , incontinence , sexual function , and QoL sum ( BFLUTS-SF ) scores were improved with both approaches , and there were no significant differences in the degree of improvement between approaches . Approximately 83.7 % and 82.9 % of the women treated with the U and H approaches , respectively , were satisfied with the outcome ( p=0.858 ) . There were 3 cases of intra-operative vaginal wall perforation in the H-type group . Immediate postoperative retention was observed in 2 women in the U-type group and 1 woman in the H-type group . One woman in the U-type group underwent tape releasing and cutting procedures for persistent large post-void residuals . Conclusions The U- and the H-type approaches of the TVT-Secur procedure provided comparable effectiveness for the treatment of female SUI OBJECTIVES To compare the postoperative pain profile , peri-operative details , and short-term patient-reported and objective success rates of single-incision mini-slings ( SIMS ) versus st and ard mid-urethral slings ( SMUS ) . STUDY DESIGN In a multicentre prospect i ve r and omised trial in six UK centres in the period between October 2009 and October 2010 , 137 women were r and omised  to either adjustable SIMS ( Ajust ® , C. R. Bard Inc. , NJ , USA ) , performed under local anaesthesia as an opt-out policy ( n=69 ) , or SMUS ( TVT-O ™ , Ethicon Inc. , Somerville , USA ) performed under general anaesthesia  ( n=68 ) . R and omisation was done through number-allocation software and using telephone r and omisation . Postoperative pain profile ( primary outcome ) was assessed on a ten-point visual analogue scale at fixed time-points . Pre- and post operatively ( 4 - 6 months ) women completed symptom severity , urgency perception scale ( UPS ) , quality of life and sexual function question naires . In addition , women completed a Patient Global Impression of Improvement Question naire and underwent a cough stress test at 4 - 6 months follow up . Sample size calculation was performed and data were analysed using SPSS  
    Output:
    
Evidence was insufficient to reveal a difference in incontinence rates with other single-incision slings compared with inside-out or outside-in transobturator slings .
Risks of postoperative and long-term groin/thigh pain were slightly lower with single-incision slings , but overall evidence was insufficient to suggest a significant difference in the adverse event profile for single-incision slings compared with transobturator slings .
The only significant differences were observed in rates of postoperative and long-term pain , and in duration of the operation , which marginally favoured single-incision slings .
Overall results show that TVT-Secur is considerably inferior to retropubic and inside-out transobturator slings , but additional evidence is required to allow any reasonable comparison of other single-incision slings versus transobturator slings .
When one single-incision sling was compared with another , evidence was insufficient to suggest a significant difference between any of the slings in any of the comparisons made .
TVT-Secur is inferior to st and ard mid-urethral slings for the treatment of women with stress incontinence and has already been withdrawn from clinical use .
Trials should clearly describe the fixation mechanism of these single-incisions slings : It is apparent that , although clubbed together as a single group , a significant difference in fixation mechanisms may influence outcomes