***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose : The objective of the matched , controlled study was to determine whether low-dose aspirin therapy without heparin improves pregnancy rates following frozen embryo transfer . Methods : Thirty-six women who did not achieve a pregnancy following fresh embryo transfer and who had frozen embryos available for another transfer were included . Eighteen women were treated with 81 mg aspirin from day 2 of the cycle through pregnancy testing . If the β-human chorionic gonadotropin level was positive , aspirin was continued through the pregnancy . Eighteen women were not given aspirin . The mean outcome variables were pregnancy and implantation rates . Results : The clinical pregnancy rate in the aspirin group was 11.1 % , compared with 33.3 % for the controls , and implantation rates were 2.9 and 10.9 % , respectively . Conclusions : No positive effects of low-dose aspirin therapy on pregnancy rates following frozen embryo transfer were observed OBJECTIVE To determine if treatment with low-dose aspirin in a short regimen improves the outcome in a nonselected IVF population as compared with no treatment . DESIGN Prospect i ve , r and omized study where IVF patients were given aspirin or received no treatment . SETTING IVF clinic . PATIENT(S ) The study included 1380 consecutive IVF cycles . INTERVENTION(S ) Women undergoing IVF were r and omly assigned to treatment with aspirin 75 mg daily from the day of embryo transfer ( ET ) until pregnancy test or no treatment in an open study . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Birth rate per ET . RESULT ( S ) Background characteristics were similar in the two groups studied except for a minor difference in number of embryos transferred ( 2.1 vs. 2.0 ) . Birth rate was 27.2 % in the aspirin group as compared with 23.2 % in the nontreated group , giving an odds ratio , adjusted for number of embryos transferred , of 1.2 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.0 - 1.6 ) . CONCLUSION ( S ) The increased birth rate with aspirin compared with no treatment was significant . Given the importance of every birth in IVF , especially when taking into account the limited number of IVF cycles that are normally performed in an individual woman , any treatment to improve birth rate is important Abstract Purpose : The aim was to evaluate the effect of aspirin on pregnancy and implantation rates in an unselected group of patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) . Methods : Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were r and omized to receive 80 mg of aspirin ( n = 139 ) or no treatment ( r = 136 ) starting from the first day of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation . Results : Duration of stimulation , gonadotropin consumption , peak estradiol , number of oocytes retrieved , fertilization rate , cleavage rate , and number of embryos transferred were similar in the two groups . Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were 15.6 % and 39.6 % versus 15.1 % and 43.4 % in aspirin treated and untreated groups , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . Conclusions : Low-dose aspirin administration does not improve implantation and pregnancy rates in an unselected group of patients undergoing ICSI PROBLEM : The effect of mini‐dose heparin/aspirin ( H/A ) alone vs. combined intravenous immunoglobulin G ( IVIg ) and H/A on in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) birthrates in women who test seropositive for antiphospholipid antibodies ( APA+ ) was evaluated , as was the question of whether outcome is influenced by the gammaglobulin isotype(s ) or the phospholipid ( PL ) epitope(s ) to which the APAs are directed OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin use in oocyte donation recipients with an endometrial thickness of < 8 mm . DESIGN A prospect i ve , r and omized study . SETTING An oocyte donation program in a private infertility practice . PATIENT(S ) Twenty-eight recipients undergoing oocyte donation who failed to develop an endometrial thickness of at least 8 mm in a previous evaluation cycle . INTERVENTION(S ) Fifteen recipients received low-dose aspirin ( 81 mg/d ) in addition to st and ard hormone replacement for an oocyte donation cycle . The remaining 13 recipients did not receive aspirin . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Clinical pregnancy rates , delivery rates , implantation rates , and change in endometrial thickness were compared in the aspirin and nonaspirin groups . RESULT ( S ) There was no demonstrable increase in endometrial thickness in the aspirin-treated group . However , there was a statistically significant increase in implantation rates in the aspirin-treated group ( 24 % versus 9 % ) and in implantation rates and clinical pregnancy rates in the aspirin-treated group when the final endometrial thickness was < 8 mm . CONCLUSION ( S ) Low-dose aspirin therapy improves implantation rates in oocyte donation recipients with a thin endometrium Article abstract -In a longitudinal study of 1,686 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging , we examined whether the risk of Alzheimer  's disease ( AD ) was reduced among reported users of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . In addition , we examined use of acetaminophen , a pain-relief medication with little or no anti-inflammatory activity , to assess the specificity of the association between AD risk and self-reported medications . Information on use of medications was collected during each biennial examination between 1980 and 1995 . The relative risk ( RR ) for AD decreased with increasing duration of NSAID use . Among those with 2 or more years of reported NSAID use , the RR was 0.40 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.19 - 0.84 ) compared with 0.65 ( 95 % CI : 0.33 - 1.29 ) for those with less than 2 years of NSAID use . The overall RR for AD among aspirin users was 0.74 ( 95 % CI : 0.46 - 1.18 ) , and no trend of decreasing risk of AD was observed with increasing duration of aspirin use . No association was found between AD risk and use of acetaminophen ( RR = 1.35 ; 95 % CI : 0.79 - 2.30 ) , and there was no trend of decreasing risk with increasing duration of use . These findings are consistent with evidence from cross-sectional studies indicating protection against AD risk among NSAID users and with evidence suggesting that one stage of the pathophysiology leading to AD is characterized by an inflammatory process . NEUROLOGY 1997;48 : 626 - BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids have been used in conjunction with zona dissection to improve pregnancy and implantation rates in IVF patients . The aim of this prospect i ve r and omized study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose prednisolone in addition to the st and ard protocol , on pregnancy and implantation rates in routine ICSI patients before and after embryo replacement . METHODS A total of 313 patients in 360 consecutive cycles ( patients < 39 years old and with three or less than three ICSI attempts ) performed at our centre were r and omly assigned by computer-generated list to receive either prednisolone ( 10 mg/day in two divided doses ) , starting on the first day of ovarian stimulation and continuing for 4 weeks ( group A ) , or no treatment ( group B ) . RESULTS The mean age , number of previously failed IVF attempts , basal FSH levels and the mean rank of trials were comparable between groups A and B. The mean ( + /- SD ) number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved ( 11.9 + /- 5.5 versus 12.0 + /- 5.1 ) , 2-pronuclei fertilization rate ( 67.2 versus 65.8 % ) , the pregnancy and the implantation rates were not different between the study and control groups ( 49.0 and 23.6 % versus 50.0 and 23.3 % respectively ) . CONCLUSION Low-dose prednisolone treatment in addition to the st and ard protocol before and after embryo replacement does not appear to have a significant effect on pregnancy or implantation rates OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of adjuvant low-dose aspirin on utero-ovarian blood flow and ovarian responsiveness in poor responders undergoing IVF . DESIGN Prospect i ve r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . SETTING University-affiliated teaching hospital . PATIENT(S ) Sixty patients classified as poor responders undergoing IVF . INTERVENTION(S ) Supplementation with low-dose aspirin ( 80 mg daily ) or placebo to a long down-regulation protocol . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Doppler measurement of intraovarian and uterine pulsatility index was performed before ( baseline ) and after ovarian stimulation ( day of hCG administration ) . Duration of use and dose of gonadotropins , cycle cancellation rate , number of mature follicles recruited , and oocytes retrieved were also measured . RESULT ( S ) High cancellation rates were found in both groups ( 33.3 % vs. 26.7 % , placebo vs. treatment ) . There were no significant differences in total dose of hMG used ( 66 vs. 57 hMG , 75 IU ampules ) , median number of mature follicles recruited ( 3.5 vs. 3.0 ) , or median number of oocytes retrieved ( 4 vs. 3 ) . No significant differences were found in either intraovarian or uterine artery pulsatility index measured at baseline or on the day of hCG administration . CONCLUSION ( S ) Supplementation with low-dose aspirin failed to improve either ovarian and uterine blood flow or ovarian responsiveness in poor responders undergoing IVF Abstract Purpose : To investigate the effects of short-term low-dose aspirin and /or steroid use on implantation and pregnancy rates in nonselected intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) cycles . Methods : Two-hundred patients undergoing ICSI for their first cycle were enrolled in this study . Participants were then r and omized into four groups on the embryo transfer day . Aspirin ( 100 mg/day ) in group A , prednisolone ( 10 mg/day ) in group B , aspirin along with prednisolone in group C were given while placebo was administrated to group D. Result : There were no statistically significant differences recorded in the demographic , ovulation induction cycle characteristics between groups . Mean transferred embryo number and mean top quality embryo number were similar among study groups . There were no statistical differences in implantation and pregnancy rates between study groups . Conclusion : Administration of low-dose aspirin and prednisolone alone or concomitant as a st and ard treatment have no positive effects on implantation and /or pregnancy rates OBJECTIVE To investigate whether heparin and low-dose aspirin increase the pregnancy rate in antiphospholipid antibody or antinuclear antibody-seropositive women with IVF implantation failure . DESIGN A double-blind , r and omized , transfer-by-transfer of fresh or cryopreserved embryos , crossover trial . A hospital infertility clinic and associated IVF service . PATIENT(S ) Women seropositive for at least one antiphospholipid ( APA ) , antinuclear ( ANA ) , or beta(2 ) glycoprotein I autoantibody and > or=10 embryos transferred without achieving pregnancy ( n = 143 ) . INTERVENTION(S ) Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin ( 5000 IU b.i.d . ) and aspirin ( 100 mg daily ) ( 158 transfers of 296 embryos ) or placebo ( 142 transfers of 259 embryos ) from the day of embryo transfer . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Fetal heart per embryo transferred ( implantation rate ) . RESULT ( S ) There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates or implantation rates between treated and placebo cycles ; for example , fetal hearts per embryo transferred implantation rates were 6.8 % ( 20/296 ) and 8.5 % ( 22/259 ) , respectively , and the generalized estimating equation covariate adjusted relative pregnancy rate was 0.65 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.33 - 1.28 ) . The implantation rate for seropositive trial participants ( 42/555 , 7.6 % ) compared favorably with that for IVF implantation-failure patients continuing treatment outside the trial ( 147/3237 , 4.5 % ) . CONCLUSION ( S ) Heparin and aspirin did not improve pregnancy or implantation rates for APA-positive or ANA-positive patients with IVF implantation failure In a controlled , nonr and omized trial a treatment group of 24 multigravid women with a history of at least two previous pregnancies , all complicated by idiopathic fetal growth retardation and placental infa rct ion , received 1 to 1.6 mg/kg aspirin and 225 mg dipyridamole daily from 16 to 34 weeks ' gestation in a total of 30 pregnancies . The 
    Output:
    
No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups for any of the outcomes assessed .