***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE We assessed the correlation of skeletal fracture with survival in men with prostate cancer on chronic and rogen suppressive therapy .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 195 consecutive patients on chronic and rogen suppression for prostate cancer were evaluated for the history and type of skeletal fracture . Correlation with overall survival was performed via multivariate analysis . RESULTS Of these 195 men 24 reported skeletal fracture since the diagnosis of prostate cancer . Median overall survival was 121 and 160 months in men without and with a history of skeletal fracture since the diagnosis of prostate cancer , respectively ( p = 0.04 ) . A history of skeletal fracture was retained as a negative predictor of survival on forward stepwise regression analysis ( RR = 7.4 , p = 0.007 ) . CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that skeletal fracture in patients with prostate cancer is an independent and adverse predictor of survival . Consideration for screening men at greatest risk via bone mineral density measurements and initiating empirical skeletal therapies ( bisphosphonates , estrogens and so forth ) may be warranted . This recommendation awaits validation through prospect i ve r and omized trials The results of a retrospective exploratory analysis of a phase III trial of zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases secondary to lung cancer or other solid tumors are reported herein to assess the risk of skeletal-related events ( SREs ) and the efficacy of 4 mg zoledronic acid compared with placebo . The study is based on patient SRE history before study entry . Patients were stratified based on SRE history ( eg , pathologic fracture , spinal cord compression , radiation therapy or surgery to bone , or hypercalcemia ) before study entry , and SRE incidence over 21 months was analyzed . Of 507 patients r and omized to 4 mg zoledronic acid or placebo , 131 completed the 9-month core phase and 69 entered the 12-month extension phase . Before study entry , 347 of 503 patients who were evaluable for efficacy ( 69 % ) experienced > /= 1 SRE ; these patients had a higher risk of developing an SRE on study than patients with no prior SRE ( odds ratio , 1.41 ) . Among patients with an SRE before study entry , zoledronic acid reduced the risk of SREs by 31 % ( P = 0.009 ) , reduced the mean skeletal morbidity rate ( 1.96 vs. 2.81 SREs per year for placebo ; P = 0.030 ) , and prolonged the median time to first SRE by nearly 4 months ( 215 days vs. 106 days for placebo ; P = 0.011 ) . Among patients with no SRE before study entry ( n = 156 ) , zoledronic acid reduced the risk of SREs by 23 % ( P = 0.308 ) , reduced the mean skeletal morbidity rate ( 1.34 vs. 2.53 SREs per year for placebo ; P = 0.332 ) , and prolonged the median time to first SRE by 2.5 months ( P = 0.534 ) . This exploratory analysis demonstrates that patients with a history of SREs are at high risk for subsequent SREs , but zoledronic acid reduces skeletal morbidity regardless of SRE history This study was design ed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined zoledronic acid and docetaxel/carboplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) as pre clinical studies showed synergistic antitumoral activity with bisphosphonates and docetaxel .  Patients with inoperable stage IIIB or stage IV NSCLC were r and omized 2:1 to receive docetaxel 75mg/m(2 ) and carboplatin area under the concentration time curve 6 with ( Arm A ) or without ( Arm B ) zoledronic acid 4 mg every 3 weeks for 6 cycles . Patients responding in Arm A were rer and omized to receive monthly zoledronic acid ( maximum : 12 months [ Arm A1 ] or no zoledronic acid [ Arm A2 ] ) . Patients responding in Arm B entered Arm B1 for follow-up evaluation only . The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients without disease progression ; secondary endpoints were time to disease progression ( TTP ) , TTP in bone , best overall response rate , 1-year overall survival ( OS ) time , and safety ; study not powered to detect endpoint differences . Of 150 patients , 98 were r and omized to Arm A and 52 to Arm B. In the treatment phase , results were similar between groups in the proportion of patients without disease progression ( 40.9 % vs 38.8 % ; P=.8096 ) and median TTP ( 132d vs 132d ; P=.9622 ) . One-year OS times and best overall response rates were 266d vs 206d ( P=.4855 ) and 64.1 % vs 72 % ( P=.3423 ) , respectively ; the study was not powered to detect differences . In the follow-up phase , TTP and OS time were similar . Adding zoledronic acid to docetaxel/carboplatin in advanced stage NSCLC patients was well tolerated , but provided little to no effect on disease progression endpoints 
    Output:
    
Conclusions Treatment with bisphosphonates  reduced SREs , improved pain control , and showed a trend to increased survival .