***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background —Intracoronary administration of bone marrow – derived progenitor cells ( BMC ) was shown to improve coronary microvascular function in ischemic heart disease . Because coronary microvascular dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis and prognosis of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) , we investigated the effects of intracoronary BMC administration in patients with DCM . Methods and Results —Intracoronary infusion of BMC was performed in 33 patients with DCM by using an over-the-wire balloon catheter . Left ventricular contractility at baseline and after 3 months was assessed by analysis of left ventricular angiograms . Coronary hemodynamics were determined by intracoronary Doppler wire measurements . After 3 months , regional wall motion of the target area ( contractility from −1.08±0.39 to −0.97±0.47 SD/chord , P=0.029 ) and global left ventricular ejection fraction ( from 30.2±10.9 to 33.4±11.5 % , P<0.001 ) were improved . Increase of regional contractile function was directly related to the functionality of the infused cells as measured by their colony-forming capacity . Minimal vascular resistance index was significantly reduced in the BMC -treated vessel after 3 months ( from 1.53±0.63 to 1.32±0.61 mm Hg · s/cm ; P=0.002 , n=24 ) , whereas no changes were observed in the reference vessel ( from 1.60±0.45 to 1.49±0.45 mm Hg · s/cm ; P=0.133 , n=13 ) . Twelve months after BMC infusion , N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) serum levels were decreased , suggesting a beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling processes ( from 1610±993 to 1473±1147 pg/mL ; P=0.038 for logNT-proBNP , n=26 ) . Conclusions —Intracoronary administration of BMC seems to be associated with improvements in cardiac contractile and microvascular function in patients with DCM . Thus , r and omized blinded studies are warranted to evaluate potential clinical benefits of intracoronary BMC administration in patients with DCM AIMS Despite accumulated evidence that intracoronary bone marrow cell ( BMC ) therapy may be beneficial in acute myocardial infa rct ion , there are only limited data available on the effectiveness of BMC 's in chronic heart failure . The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate ventricular haemodynamics , geometry , and contractility as well as the long-term clinical outcome of  BMC treated patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) due to chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy . METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with chronic heart failure ( n = 391 LVEF < or=35 % ) due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy were enrolled in the present study . Of these , 191 patients ( mean NYHA class 3.22 ) underwent intracoronary BMC therapy . The control group ( mean NYHA class 3.06 ) consisted of 200 patients with comparable LVEF . Assessment s of haemodynamics at rest and exercise , quantitative ventriculography , spiroergometry , 24 h Holter ECG , late potentials , and heart rate variability were analysed . Over 3 months to 5 years after intracoronary BMC therapy there was a significant improvement in haemodynamics ( e.g. LVEF , cardiac index ) , exercise capacity , oxygen uptake , and LV contractility . Importantly , there was a significant decrease in long-term mortality in the BMC treated patients compared with the control group . CONCLUSION Intracoronary BMC therapy improves ventricular performance , quality of life and survival in patients with heart failure . These effects were present when BMC were administered in addition to st and ard therapeutic regimes . No side effects were observed Aims Intracoronary infusion of autologous nucleated bone marrow cells ( BMC s ) enhanced the recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infa rct ion ( STEMI ) in the r and omised-controlled , open-label BOOST trial . We reassessed the therapeutic potential of nucleated BMC s in the r and omised placebo-controlled , double-blind BOOST-2 trial conducted in 10 centres in Germany and Norway . Methods and results Using a multiple arm design , we investigated the dose-response relationship and explored whether γ-irradiation which eliminates the clonogenic potential of stem and progenitor cells has an impact on BMC efficacy . Between 9 March 2006 and 16 July 2013 , 153 patients with large STEMI were r and omly assigned to receive a single intracoronary infusion of placebo ( control group ) , high-dose ( hi ) BMC s , low-dose ( lo ) BMC s , irradiated hi BMC s , or irradiated lo BMC s 8.1 ± 2.6 days after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) in addition to guideline -recommended medical treatment . Change in LVEF from baseline ( before cell infusion ) to 6 months as determined by MRI was the primary endpoint . The trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials ( IS RCT N17457407 ) . Baseline LVEF was 45.0 ± 8.5 % in the overall population . At 6 months , LVEF had increased by 3.3 percentage points in the control group and 4.3 percentage points in the hi BMC group . The estimated treatment effect was 1.0 percentage points ( 95 % confidence interval , -2.6 to 4.7 ; P = 0.57 ) . The treatment effect of lo BMC s was 0.5 percentage points ( -3.0 to 4.1 ; P = 0.76 ) . Likewise , irradiated BMC s did not have significant treatment effects . BMC transfer was safe and not associated with adverse clinical events . Conclusion The BOOST-2 trial does not support the use of nucleated BMC s in patients with STEMI and moderately reduced LVEF treated according to current st and ards of early PCI and drug therapy Rationale : Transcatheter , intramyocardial injections of bone marrow – derived cell therapy produces reverse remodeling in large animal models of ischemic cardiomyopathy . Objective : We used cardiac MRI ( CMR ) in patients with left ventricular ( LV ) dysfunction related to remote myocardial infa rct ion ( MI ) to test the hypothesis that bone marrow progenitor cell injection causes functional recovery of scarred myocardium and reverse remodeling . Methods and Results : Eight patients ( aged 57.2±13.3 years ) received transendocardial , intramyocardial injection of autologous bone marrow progenitor cells ( mononuclear or mesenchymal stem cells ) in LV scar and border zone . All patients tolerated the procedure with no serious adverse events . CMR at 1 year demonstrated a decrease in end diastolic volume ( 208.7±20.4 versus 167.4±7.32 mL ; P=0.03 ) , a trend toward decreased end systolic volume ( 142.4±16.5 versus 107.6±7.4 mL ; P=0.06 ) , decreased infa rct size ( P<0.05 ) , and improved regional LV function by peak Eulerian circumferential strain in the treated infa rct zone ( −8.1±1.0 versus −11.4±1.3 ; P=0.04 ) . Improvements in regional function were evident at 3 months , whereas the changes in chamber dimensions were not significant until 6 months . Improved regional function in the infa rct zone strongly correlated with reduction of end diastolic volume ( r2=0.69 , P=0.04 ) and end systolic volume ( r2=0.83 , P=0.01 ) . Conclusions : These data suggest that transcatheter , intramyocardial injections of autologous bone marrow progenitor cells  improve regional contractility of a chronic myocardial scar , and these changes predict subsequent reverse remodeling . The findings support the potential clinical benefits of this new treatment strategy and ongoing r and omized clinical trials The aim of this study was to determine if bone marrow mononuclear cell ( BMMC ) transplantation is safe for moderate to severe idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( IDC ) . Clinical trials have shown that this procedure is safe and effective for ischemic patients , but little information is available regarding non-ischemic patients . Twenty-four patients with IDC , optimized therapy , age 46 ± 11.6 years , 17 males , NYHA classes II-IV , and left ventricular ejection fraction < 35 % were enrolled in the study . Clinical evaluation at baseline and 6 months after stem cell therapy to assess heart function included echocardiogram , magnetic resonance imaging , cardiopulmonary test , Minnesota Quality of Life Question naire , and NYHA classification . After cell transplantation 1 patient showed a transient increase in enzyme levels and 2 patients presented arrhythmias that were reversed within 72 h. Four patients died during follow-up , between 6 and 12 weeks after therapy . Clinical evaluation showed improvement in most patients as reflected by statistically significant decreases in Minnesota Quality of Life Question naire ( 63 ± 17.9 baseline vs 28.8 ± 16.75 at 6 months ) and in class III-IV NYHA patients ( 18/24 baseline vs 2/20 at 6 months ) . Cardiopulmonary exercise tests demonstrated increased peak oxygen consumption ( 12.2 ± 2.4 at baseline vs 15.8 ± 7.1 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ at 6 months ) and walked distance ( 377.2 ± 85.4 vs 444.1 ± 77.9 m at 6 months ) in the 6-min walk test , which was not accompanied by increased left ventricular ejection fraction . Our findings indicate that BMMC therapy in IDC patients with severe ventricular dysfunction is feasible and that larger , r and omized and placebo-controlled trials are warranted BACKGROUND the objective of the study was to determine whether the effects of infa rct -related artery ( IRA ) infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived CD34(+ ) cells after  ST elevation myocardial infa rct ion ( STEMI ) are dependent on the dose ( quantity and mobility ) of the cells infused . Beneficial effects of IRA infusion of mononuclear cells after STEMI have been inconsistent , possibly because of differences in timing , cell type , quantity , and mobility of infused cells . METHODS patients were r and omized to bone marrow harvest ( n = 16 ) or control ( n = 15 ) . At a median of 8.3 days after coronary stenting for STEMI , CD34(+ ) cells were infused via the IRA at 3 dose levels ( 5 , 10 , and 15 × 10(6 ) ) in cohorts of 5 patients each . Baseline and follow-up imaging and ex vivo CD34(+ ) cell mobility were performed . RESULTS Cell harvest and infusion were safe . Quantitative rest hypoperfusion score measured by single-photon emission computed tomography improved at 6 months in the ≥ 10 million cohorts compared with controls ( -256 vs + 14 , P = .02 ) . There was a trend toward improved ejection fraction at 6 months ( + 4.5 % ) in the ≥ 10 million cohorts compared with no change in the controls and 5 million cohort ( + 0.7 % ) . Improved perfusion and infa rct size reduction correlated with the quantity and mobility of the infused CD34(+ ) cells . CONCLUSIONS the effects of CD34(+ ) cell IRA infusion during the repair phase after STEMI are dose dependent and , at a threshold dose of 10 million CD34(+ ) cells , associated with a significant improvement in perfusion that may limit deterioration in cardiac function ( IRA infusion of CD34(+ ) cells  in patients with acute myocardial infa rct ion [ AMR-01 ] NCT00313339 ) AIMS Comparison of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow (BM)-derived unselected mononuclear cells ( UNSEL ) and selected CD34(+)CXCR4(+ ) cells ( SEL ) in patients with acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) and reduced < 40 % left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) . METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred patients were r and omized to intracoronary infusion of UNSEL ( n = 80 ) or SEL ( n = 80 ) BM cells or to the control ( CTRL ) group without BM cell treatment . Primary endpoint : change of LVEF and volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging before and 6 months after the procedure . After 6 months , LVEF increased by 3 % ( P = 0.01 ) in patients treated with UNSEL , 3 % in patients receiving SEL ( P = 0.04 ) and remained unchanged in CTRL group ( P = 0.73 ) . There were no significant differences in absolute changes of LVEF between the groups . Absolute changes of left ventricular end-systolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume were not significantly different in all groups . Significant increase of LVEF was 
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CONCLUSION MSCs treatment showed favorable impact on LVEF , NYHA classification , LVEDd , and the proportion of fixed defects for cardiomyopathy patients