***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: This open-label study was design ed to determine the extent of histological resolution of gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection 4–5 weeks after successful eradication of the infection . Eradication was achieved using a triple therapy regimen consisting of a twice daily dose of pantoprazole 40 mg , clarithromycin 500 mg , and amoxicillin 1,000 mg taken for 1 week only . No other medications were given thereafter . Four biopsies were processed for histological examination of each patient , two from the antral and two from the corporeal mucosa , first at the start of the study and then again 4 weeks after cessation of the medication trial . Scoring for H. pylori colonization and the severity of gastritis was determined for each patient according to the Sydney system . 53 of 57 patients in this study had their H. pylori infection successfully eradicated by the regimen mentioned and could be histologically evaluated . According to the severity of gastritis in the antral mucosa , patients were studied in 3 groups : mild , moderate and severe gastritis . 17 of 19 cases with mild gastritis showed complete resolution of the inflammation , with residual inflammatory changes persisting in 2 cases only . 22 of the 26 cases with moderate gastritis showed almost complete recovery except for minor residual inflammatory changes as judged by irregularity of intracytoplasmic mucine storage . Persistent residual inflammatory changes in the lamina propria were detected in 4 cases . Of the 8 cases with severe gastritis 5 showed subsidence of the inflammatory changes , but the mucosa in these cases revealed some scarring , distortion of the gl and ular epithelium and atrophy . In 3 cases residual inflammation persisted . Conclusion : One-week therapy with a twice daily dose of pantoprazole 40 mg , clarithromycin 500 mg and amoxicillin 1,000 mg , used to eradicate H. pylori causing active inflammation of the gastric mucosa , has led to subsidence of the acute inflammatory changes in all the cases with residual inflammation persisting in 17 % . Severe gastritis may cause irreparable damage to the gastric mucosa . The density of H. pylori colonization does not appear to be related to the severity of gastritis , nor to the successful eradication achieved Experience with proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy is predominantly with omeprazole‐containing regimens Background : Previous studies have shown that one‐week triple therapy consisting of omeprazole , clarithromycin and amoxycillin may cure Helicobacter pylori infection in the vast majority of patients . The present study was design ed to test the hypothesis that a triple therapy with pantoprazole , clarithromycin and amoxycillin  cures the infection in 80 % of duodenal ulcer patients infected with H. pylori BACKGROUND Short-term , low-dose triple regimens composed of proton-pump inhibitors ( PPI ) and two antibiotics are the current gold st and ard therapy for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection . To date , the effect of PPI pretreatment on eradication outcome is not known . The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with pantoprazole on the efficacy of an ensuing triple therapy . METHODS In this open , r and omized , monocenter , parallel group comparison , 107 patients with duodenal ulcer or functional dyspepsia were assigned to receive one of the following treatment regimens : a 7-day triple therapy with pantoprazole , 40 mg bid ; clarithromycin , 250 mg bid ; and metronidazole , 400 mg bid , which was either preceded or followed by a 7-day therapy with pantoprazole , 40 mg ( P-PCM or PCM-P ) . Assessment of H. pylori status was performed by a biopsy urease test and 13C urea breath test at the initial visit and 13C urea breath test at all follow-up visits . RESULTS The 7-day pantoprazole pretreatment result ed in a significant decline of the delta values of the 13C urea breath test . H. pylori infection was cured in 47 of 52 intention-to-treat patients of the P-PCM group ( 90 % ; 95 % confidence interval , 79 - 97 % ) and in 46 of 53 of the PCM-P group ( 87 % ; 95 % confidence interval , 75 - 95 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with pantoprazole suppresses H. pylori but does not impair the efficacy of a consecutive short-term , low-dose triple therapy Triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor , clarithromycin and amoxicillin has recently been proposed in Maastricht as first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different 5-day proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapies for  Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-positive duodenal ulcers ( DUs ) . Eighty-four patients received pantoprazole ( Pan )  80 mg O.D. ( once daily ) for 1 week ; 88 patients received omeprazole ( Ome ) 40 mg O.D. for 1 week . Patients of both groups received clarithromycin ( Cla ) 500 mg B.I.D. ( twice daily ) and amoxicillin ( Amo ) 1 g B.I.D. for 5 days . All of them were clinical ly and endoscopically investigated before enrollment ( T0 ) and at 1 ( T1 ) , 6 ( T2 ) , 12 ( T3 ) , and 18 months ( T4 ) after the end of the therapy . Hp status was determined by rapid urease test and by histology . At T1 , we observed ulcer healing in 87.5 % of the patients and Hp eradication in 83.7 % of the Pan group ( per protocol [ PP ] ) . In the Ome group , ulcer healing was noticed in 95.1 % and Hp eradication in 95.1 % ( PP ) . We found no statistical differences between the groups ( PP ) . At the end of the follow-up , we found a healing rate of 100 % both in the Pan group and in the Ome group ; an eradication rate of 98.4 % and 100 % was observed in the Pan group and in the Ome group , respectively . We found no statistical differences between the groups ( PP ) . Hp eradication was associated with an improvement in the grade of gastritis at T1 , remaining unchanged until T4 . In conclusion , the efficacy of the Pan treatment was similar to the Ome treatment OBJECTIVES : A novel rifabutin-based therapy is able to cure Helicobacter pylori infection in most patients who have failed eradication after st and ard proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy . We compared this regimen with the quadruple therapy . METHODS : A total of 135 patients were r and omized into three groups who were treated for 10 days with pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d . , amoxycillin 1 g b.i.d . , and rifabutin 150 mg o.d . ( RAP150 group ) , or 300 mg o.d . ( RAP300 group ) , and pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d . , metronidazole 250 mg t.i.d . , bismuth citrate 240 mg b.i.d . , and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d . ( QT group ) . Before therapy , patients underwent endoscopy with biopsies for histology , culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests . H. pylori eradication was assessed by the 13C-urea breath test . RESULTS : On intention-to-treat analysis , eradication rates ( with 95 % confidence intervals [ CI ] ) were 66.6 % ( 53–80 % ) in the RAP150 and QT groups , respectively , and 86.6 % ( 76–96 % ) in RAP300 group ( p < 0.025 ) . Most patients harboring metronidazole- and clarithromycin-resistant strains were eradicated at an equal rate by each of the three regimens . Side effects were observed in 9 % and 11 % of rifabutin-treated patients , and in 47 % of those on quadruple therapy ( p < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSIONS : In patients who failed st and ard eradicating treatments , a 10-day course of rifabutin with pantoprazole and amoxycillin is more effective and well tolerated than the quadruple therapy Azithromycin is an acid‐stable macrolide that achieves remarkably high concentrations in gastric tissue , persisting above the MIC90 for Helicobacter pylori over a period of 5‐days , after a single 500 mg oral dose In a prospect i ve study 27 patients ( 13 women , 14 men ; mean age 62 [ 45 - 83 ] years ) with Helicobacter ( H. ) pylori associated disease received over 7 days pantoprazole ( 40 mg twice daily ) , clarithromycin ( 500 mg twice daily ) and metronidazole ( 500 mg twice daily ) . Six patients had gastric ulcer , 4 duodenal ulcer , 4 erosive gastritis , 6 erosive duodenitis and 7 had H. pylori-positive functional dyspepsia . Pre-treatment oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was combined in 4 patients with antral and in 4 others with body-of-stomach biopsies to demonstrate H , pylori ( urease test , specific culture and histology ) . The H. pylori status was checked with the 13C-urea breath test  4 weeks after the end of treatment . In addition , 9 patients with peptic ulcer were examined endoscopically at least 2 weeks after onset of the treatment to check for any healing of the ulcers , 25 of the patients completed the study according to the protocol . The H. pylori eradication rate was 100 % ( 25 of 25 patients ) , while the " intention to treat " analysis gave a rate of 92.6 % ( 25 of the 27 patients ) . The peptic ulcers were found to be healed in all 9 patients who had been endoscoped . One woman developed a reversible stomatitis , but the drug treatment did not have to be stopped . -These findings indicate that short-term triple treatment in the described manner is efficacious in curing H. pylori infection and any peptic ulcer . It is thus a highly promising treatment of H. pylori-associated diseases BACKGROUND / AIMS The relationship between functional dyspepsia , H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis is controversial . Our aims were 1 ) To determine the prevalence of symptoms and the degree of association between symptoms and histopathological findings in different topographical gastric regions in patients with functional dyspepsia and H. pylori infection ; 2 ) To determine the effect of eradication treatment on functional dyspepsia symptoms . METHODOLOGY Prospect i ve r and omized study . 251 consecutive patients with dyspepsia ( 141 women and 110 men ) , mean age 48.08 , SD 16.68 ( without ulcer , gastric malignancy or reflux esophageal disease as determined by endoscopy ) , and with H. pylori infection , underwent upper endoscopy accompanied by the obtaining of 6 biopsies  ( cardia , corpus , antrum ) at baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment ( pantoprazole 40 mg , once daily , amoxycillin 100 mg b.i.d . , clarithromycine 500 mg b.i.d . ) . Inflammation , activity , H. pylori presence and other mucosal alterations were evaluated semi-quantitatively according to the Sydney system , before treatment and 6 months following treatment . An interview that was carried out before , and 6 months following the treatment , determined seven symptoms ( scored as 0 - 3 ) ; epigastric burning and pressure , pain after meal , nausea , vomiting , bloating and belching , pain on empty stomach and anorexia . 95 % confidence intervals were calculated for mean values of the symptoms and histological findings . The association between symptoms and histological findings was determined by the Kendall tau-b ( K tau-b ) . Using the t test on a 5 % level of significance we tested the null hypothesis that symptoms and histological findings were independent variables . RESULTS The effectiveness of eradication after 3 months was 87.3 % and after 6 months 92.0 % . Reinfection rate after 6 months was 6.4 % and the overall failure of eradication was 1.6 % . Significant decline of chronic inflammation , activity and H. pylori was found in cardia , corpus and antrum ( P = 0.001 ) . Gl and ular atrophy was found to be lower in corpus and antrum ( P = 0.001 ) , whereas in cardia an increase was found . Intestinal metaplasia remained unchanged in all gastric regions , whereas a higher degree of foveolar hyper 
    Output:
    
Pantoprazole achieves similar cure rates to those of omeprazole and lansoprazole when co-prescribed with antibiotics for the eradication of H. pylori infection