***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Introduction Although many in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated a protective effect of green tea against  breast cancer , findings from epidemiological studies have been inconsistent , and whether high green tea intake reduces the risk of breast cancer remains unclear . Methods In this Japan Public Health Center-based Prospect i ve Study , 581 cases of breast cancer were newly diagnosed in 53,793 women during 13.6 years ' follow-up from the baseline survey in 1990 to 1994 . After the five-year follow-up survey in 1995 to 1998 , 350 cases were newly diagnosed in 43,639 women during 9.5 years ' follow-up . The baseline question naire assessed the frequency of total green tea drinking while the five-year follow-up question naire assessed that of two types of green tea , Sencha and Bancha/Genmaicha , separately . Results Compared with women who drank less than one cup of green tea per week , the adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) for women who drank five or more cups per day was 1.12 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.81 to 1.56 ; P for trend = 0.60 ) in the baseline data . Similarly , compared with women who drank less than one cup of Sencha or Bancha/Genmaicha per week , adjusted HRs for women who drank 10 or more cups per day were 1.02 ( 95 % CI 0.55 to 1.89 ; P for trend = 0.48 ) for Sencha and 0.86 ( 0.34 to 2.17 ; P for trend = 0.66 ) for Bancha/Genmaicha . No inverse association was found regardless of hormone receptor-defined subtype or menopausal status . Conclusions In this population -based prospect i ve cohort study in Japan we found no association between  green tea drinking and risk of breast cancer Abstract . Rationale : Physiological responses to stress are considered disruptive to health . High-dose ascorbic acid has reduced indices of stress in laboratory animals . Methods : We conducted a r and omized double-blind , placebo-controlled 14-day trial of sustained-release ascorbic acid ( 60 healthy young adults ; 3 × 1000 mg/day Cetebe ) and placebo ( 60 healthy young adults ) for reduction of blood pressure , cortisol , and subjective response to acute psychological stress ( Trier Social Stress Test , TSST , consisting of public speaking and mental arithmetic ) . Six subjects from each group were excluded . Results : Compared to the placebo group , the ascorbic acid group had less systolic blood pressure ( an increase of 23 versus 31 mmHg ) , diastolic blood pressure , and subjective stress responses to the TSST ; and also had faster salivary cortisol recovery ( but not smaller overall cortisol response ) . Cortisol response to 1 µg ACTH , and reported side-effects during the trial did not differ between groups . Plasma ascorbic acid level at the end of the trial but not pre-trial was associated with reduced stress reactivity of systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , and subjective stress , and with greater salivary cortisol recovery . Conclusions : Treatment with high-dose sustained-release ascorbic acid palliates blood pressure , cortisol , and subjective response to acute psychological stress . These effects are not attributable to modification of adrenal responsiveness Epidemiologic and animal studies suggest a protective role of green tea against breast cancer . However , the underlying mechanism is not understood . We conducted a r and omized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial to investigate whether supplementation with green tea extract ( GTE ) modifies mammographic density ( MD ) , as a potential mechanism , involving 1,075 healthy postmenopausal women . Women assigned to the treatment arm consumed daily 4 decaffeinated GTE capsules containing 1,315 mg total catechins , including 843 mg epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( EGCG ) for 12 months . A computer-assisted method ( Madena ) was used to assess MD in digital mammograms at baseline and month 12 time points in 932 completers ( 462 in GTE and 470 in placebo ) . GTE supplementation for 12 months did not significantly change percent MD ( PMD ) or absolute MD in all women . In younger women ( 50–55 years ) , GTE supplementation significantly reduced PMD by 4.40 % as compared with the placebo with a 1.02 % PMD increase from pre- to postintervention ( P = 0.05 ) , but had no effect in older women ( Pinteraction = 0.07 ) . GTE supplementation did not induce MD change in other subgroups of women stratified by catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype or level of body mass index . In conclusion , 1-year supplementation with a high dose of EGCG did not have a significant effect on MD measures in all women , but reduced PMD in younger women , an age-dependent effect similar to those of tamoxifen . Further investigation of the potential chemopreventive effect of green tea intake on breast cancer risk in younger women is warranted . Cancer Prev Res ; 10(12 ) ; 710–8 . © 2017 AACR Objectives To examine the effect of the consumption of dietary factors  on the risk of breast cancer  in a case – control study in Taiwan . Methods Two-hundred- and -fifty cases and 219 age-matched controls between the ages of 25 and 74 were interviewed in person between 1996 and 1999 .  Usual consumption of dietary habits including 100 foods was assessed using a food frequency question naire and a nutrient data base developed and vali date d in Taiwanese population s. Results Cases consumed significantly more  fat  than controls . Cases also consumed statistically significant less  supplements such as vitamins and mineral  than controls . Food group analyses showed that highest quartile of beef and pork intake significantly increased risk in younger women ( OR = 2.5 , 95 % CI = 1.0–6.0 ) and all women ( OR = 2.5 , 95 % CI = 1.1–3.3 ) . The age- education- and total calorie-adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) of breast cancer risk comparing the highest and second highest quartile of fat intake to the lowest quartile was 5.1 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 2.1–13 and 3.5 , 95 % CI : 1.4–8.7 among those younger cases ( ≤40 ) . A multiple regression model indicates a protective effect of supplements ( OR : 0.40 , 95 % CI : 0.3–07 ) and a harmful effect of dietary fat  ( OR : 2.6 , 95 % CI : 1.4–5.0 ) for the highest versus lowest quartile in all women . Conclusions Our results indicate a strong protective effect  of dietary supplements and a harmful effect of dietary fats on the risk of breast cancer among women in Taiwan . These findings should be confirmed in future follow-up studies . Specific amount of dietary supplements and dietary fats should be quantified for a more accurate evaluation on the risk for breast cancer in this population Summary The association between soya foods and  breast cancer  risk was investigated in a prospect i ve study of 34 759 women in Hiroshima and Nagasaki , Japan . Women completed dietary question naires in 1969–1970 and /or in 1979–1981 and were followed for incident breast cancer until 1993 . The analysis involved 427 cases of primary breast cancer in 488 989 person-years of observation .  The risk for breast cancer was not significantly associated with consumption of soya foods : for tofu , relative risks adjusted for attained age , calendar period , city , age at time of bombings and radiation dose to the breast were 0.99 ( 95 % CI 0.80–1.24 ) for consumption two to four times per week and 1.07 ( 0.78–1.47 ) for consumption five or more times per week , relative to consumption once a week or less ; for miso soup , relative risks were 1.03 ( 0.81–1.31 ) for consumption two to four times per week and 0.87 ( 0.68–1.12 ) for consumption five or more times per week , relative to consumption once a week or less . These results were not material ly altered by further adjustments for reproductive variables and were similar in women diagnosed before age 50 and at ages 50 and above . Among 17 other foods and drinks examined only dried fish ( decrease in relative risk with increasing consumption ) and pickled vegetables ( higher relative risk with higher consumption ) were significantly related to breast cancer risk ; these associations were not prior hypotheses and , because of the large number of comparisons made , they may be due to chance Although many in vitro and animal studies have suggested a protective effect of green tea against breast cancer , findings from epidemiological studies have been inconsistent . No study has used prediagnostic biomarkers of tea polyphenols , which might play a protective role . A total of 24,226 women aged 40 to 69 years in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospect i ve Study who responded to the baseline question naire and provided blood in 1990–1995 were followed to December 2002 . During a mean 10.6 years of follow-up , 144 newly diagnosed breast cancers were identified . Two matched controls for each case were selected from the cohort . Plasma levels of (-)-epigallocatechin ( EGC ) , (-)-epicatechin ( EC ) , (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( EGCG ) , and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate ( ECG ) were measured , and the odds ratio ( OR ) of breast cancer according to plasma level was estimated using a conditional logistic regression model . We found no statistically significant association between plasma tea polyphenol levels and breast cancer risk . Adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest group were 0.90 ( 95 % CI 0.42–1.96 ; P for trend = 0.98 ) for EGC , 0.95 ( 95 % CI 0.43–2.08 ; P for trend = 0.86 ) for EC , 1.21 ( 95 % CI 0.52–2.80 ; P for trend = 0.53 ) for EGCG , and 1.75 ( 95 % CI 0.81–3.78 ; P for trend = 0.15 ) for ECG . Stratified analyses according to baseline menopausal status showed no remarkable difference between two strata . This nested case – control study found no overall association between plasma tea polyphenols and the risk of breast cancer in Japan Abstract Objectives : Laboratory and animal studies have shown a protective effect of green tea on cancer of different sites , but epidemiological evidence is limited and inconclusive . This prospect i ve study in Japan examined the association between  green tea consumption and cancer incidence .  Methods : Subjects were 38,540 people ( 14,873 men , mean age 52.8 years ; 23,667 women , mean age 56.8 years ) who responded to a mail survey carried out between 1979 and 1981 . A self-administered question naire ascertained consumption frequency of green tea using precoded answers ( never , once per day , twice to four times per day , and five or more times per day ) . Follow-up continued until 31 December 1994 . The study analyzed solid cancers ( n = 3881 ) ; hematopoietic cancers ( 188 ) ; cancers of all sites combined ( 4069 ) ; and cancer of specific sites with more than 100 cases , i.e. stomach ( 901 ) , colon ( 432 ) , rectum ( 193 ) , liver ( 418 ) , gallbladder ( 122 ) , pancreas ( 122 ) , lung ( 436 ) , breast ( 281 ) , and bladder ( 122 ) . Poisson regression was used to allow for city , gender , age , radiation exposure , smoking status , alcohol drinking , body-mass index , education level , and calendar time . Results : Green tea consumption was virtually unrelated to incidence of cancers under study . The relative risks of all cancers for those consuming green tea twice to four times per day and five or more times per day were 1.0 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.91–1.1 ) and 0.98 ( 0.88–1.1 ) , respectively , as compared with those consuming green tea once per day or less . Conclusion : Our findings do not provide evidence that regular green tea consumption is related to reduced cancer risks Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide .  Tea has anticarcinogenic effects against breast cancer in experimental studies . However , epidemiologic evidence that tea protects against breast cancer has been inconsistent . A case-control study was conducted in Southeast China between 2004 and 2005 . The incidence cases were 1009 female patients aged 20 - 87 years with histologically confirmed breast cancer . The 1009 age-matched controls were healthy women r and omly recruited from breast disease clinics . Information on duration , frequency , quantity , preparation , type of tea consumption , diet and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a vali date d and reliable question naire . Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios ( ORs ) and associated 95 % confidence intervals . Compared with non-tea drinkers , green tea drinkers tended to reside in urban , have better education and have higher consumption of coffee , alcohol , soy , vegetables 
    Output:
    
It can not be concluded that GT consumption may decrease the risk of breast cancer .