***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Aim : The aim of this study is to compare the antiplaque efficacy of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash . Material s and Methods : A single blinded cross-over study was conducted among 30 participants in the age group of 18 - 25 years . The mouthwash sample s for the study were previously labeled assigning the letters : A ( 0.25 % of green tea catechin mouthwash ) and B ( 0.12 % of chlorhexidine mouthwash ) . The study subjects were r and omly divided into two groups of 15 each and the study was divided into two phases . In phase I , the mouthwash A was given to one group and other group was given mouthwash B. After a 15 day washout period , in phase II , both groups were given other mouthwash . At the end of each phase of 1 week , plaque score was recorded by using Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index . Results : The plaque scores were compared and the difference between the green tea catechin and chlorhexidine mouthwash was determined by t-test . The difference between plaque scores were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . The results showed that both the groups that is green tea catechin mouthwash ( 0.25 % ) and chlorhexidine mouthwash ( 0.12 % ) have comparable results in plaque reduction . Conclusion : This study supports the effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash as an antiplaque agent . It should be explored as a cost-effective , long-term antiplaque rinse with prophylactic benefits This study aim ed to determine the effect of green tea mouthwash on  oral malodor , plaque , and gingival inflammation . Gingivitis subjects who had over 80 parts per billion of volatile sulfur compounds ( VSC ) in the morning breath were r and omly assigned into  green tea or placebo mouthwash group . At baseline , VSC , Plaque Index ( PI ) and Papillary Bleeding Index ( PBI ) were recorded . Participants were rinsed with the assigned mouthwash , and VSC level was remeasured at 30 minutes and 3 hours postrinsing . For the following 4 weeks , participants were asked to rinse with the assigned mouthwash twice daily . VSC , PI and PBI were remeasured at day 28 . It was found that , at 30 minutes and 3 hours postrinsing , VSC was reduced by 36.76 % and 33.18 % in the green tea group and 19.83 % and 9.17 % in the placebo group , respectively . At day 28 , VSC was reduced by 38.61 % in the green tea group and 10.86 % in the placebo group . VSC level in the green tea group was significantly different when compared to the placebo . PI and PBI were significantly reduced in both groups . However , no significant difference was found between groups . In conclusion , green tea mouthwash could significantly reduce  VSC level in gingivitis subjects after rinsing for 4 weeks Background : Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which requires a susceptible host , a cariogenic microflora , and a suitable substrate that must be present for a sufficient length of time . Tea is prepared by the infusion of dried leaves of the tea plant , Camellia sinensis , which contains bioactive compounds like polyphenols , flavonoids , and catechins that are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been attributed to tea . These compounds have multidimensional effects such as antibacterial action , inhibitory action on the bacterial and salivary amylase , and inhibition of acid production . Aims : The aim of this study is to compare the antiplaque efficacy of 0.5 % C. sinensis extract , 0.05 % sodium fluoride , and 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in children . Material s and Methods : A r and omized blinded controlled trial with 60 healthy children of age group 9 - 14 years was carried out . The subjects were r and omly assigned to three groups , i.e. group A - 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate , group B - 0.05 % sodium fluoride , and group C - 0.5 % C. sinensis extract , with 20 subjects per group . Plaque accumulation and gingival condition were recorded using plaque index and gingival index . Oral hygiene was assessed by simplified oral hygiene index ( OHIS ) . Salivary pH was assessed using indikrom pH strips . Plaque , gingival , and simplified OHI scores as well as salivary pH were recorded at baseline , immediately after first rinse , after 1 week , and in the 2 nd week . Statistical Analysis Used : The data were analyzed using a computer software program ( SPSS version 17 ) . Analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) tests were used to identify significant differences between the means of the study groups . Finally , paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of changes within each group between time periods . Critical P values of significance were set at 0.05 and the confidence level set at 95 % . Results : Mean plaque and gingival scores were reduced over the 2-week trial period in the experimental groups . Antiplaque effectiveness was observed in all groups , the highest being in group C ( P < 0.05 ) . Chlorhexidine gluconate and tea showed comparative effectiveness on gingiva better than sodium fluoride ( P < 0.05 ) . The salivary pH increase was sustained and significant in groups B and C compared to group A. Oral hygiene improvement was better appreciated in groups A and C. Conclusions : The effectiveness of 0.5 % C. sinensis extract was more compared to 0.05 % sodium fluoride and 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinses . It should be explored as a cost-effective and safe long-term adjunct to oral self-care of patients as it has prophylactic benefits with minimum side effects BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of 0.5 % tea , 2 % neem , and 0.2 % chlorhexidine mouthwashes on  oral health .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omized blinded controlled trial with 30 healthy human volunteers of age group 18 - 25 years was carried out . The subjects were r and omly assigned to 3 groups i.e. , group A - 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate ( bench mark control ) , Group B - 2 % neem , and group C - 0.5 % tea of 10 subjects per group . Plaque accumulation and gingival condition were recorded using plaque index and gingival index . Oral hygiene was assessed by simplified oral hygiene index ( OHIS ) . Salivary pH was assessed by indikrom pH strips . Plaque , gingival , and simplified OHI scores as well as salivary pH were recorded at baseline , immediately after 1 st rinse , after 1 week , 2 nd week , and 3 rd week . The 3 rd week was skipped for group A. RESULTS Mean plaque and gingival scores were reduced over the 3 week trial period for experimental and control groups . Anti-plaque effectiveness was observed in all groups and the highest being in group C ( P < 0.05 ) . Neem and tea showed comparative effectiveness on gingiva better than chlorhexidine ( P < 0.05 ) . The salivary pH rise was sustained and significant in Group B and C compared to Group A. Oral hygiene improvement was better appreciated in Group B and Group C. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of 0.5 % tea was more compared to 2 % neem and 0.2 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse Background In the author ’s earlier in vitro investigation , a combination of 0.25 mg/ml green tea and 7.82 mg/ml Salvadora persica L. aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm . A clinical trial was needed to support these preliminary in vitro results and to investigate its efficacy as a mouthwash in the control of dental plaque . Methods A 24 h plaque re-growth , double-blinded , r and omized crossover trial was carried out . Participants ( n = 14 ) r and omly rinsed with test formulation , 0.12 % chlorhexidine ( control ) and placebo mouthwashes for 24 h. A week before the trial , all participants received scaling , polishing and oral hygiene education . On the trial day , the participants received polishing at baseline and rinsed with 15 ml of r and omly allocated mouthwash twice daily without oral hygiene measures . After 24 h , plaque index was scored and then the participants entered a 6-days washout period with regular oral hygiene measures . The same protocol was repeated for the next 2 mouthwashes . Results The results were expressed as mean ( ±SD ) plaque index . The test mouthwash ( 0.931 ± 0.372 ) significantly reduced plaque accumulation when compared with placebo ( 1.440 ± 0.498 , p < 0.0167 ) and chlorhexidine ( 1.317 ± 0.344 , p < 0.0167 ) mouthwashes . No significant difference was found between chlorhexidine and placebo ( p > 0.0167 ) . Conclusions The test mouthwash has an anti-plaque effect for a 24 h period . Longer-term clinical studies are highly encouraged to investigate its anti-plaque effect for longer periods . Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov as NCT02624336 in December 3 , 2015 Background Pain following surgical removal of impacted molars has remained an important concern among practitioners . Various protocol s have been proposed to reduce postoperative pain . However , each one has special side effects and limitations . As green tea possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties , the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in controlling postoperative pain . Material s and methods In a study with split-mouth and double blind design , 44 patients in need of bilateral removal of impacted third molars underwent r and omized surgical extraction ; following one surgery patients rinsed with a green tea mouthwash from the first to seventh postoperative day and after other extraction rinsed with placebo mouthwash in the same duration . Both patients and surgeon were blinded to the type of mouthwash . The predictor variable was type of mouthwash and primary outcome variable was postoperative pain measured by visual analogue scale ( VAS ) during first week after surgery . In addition , number of analgesics patients used after surgery recorded . To measure the effect of green tea mouthwash , repeated measures test with confidence interval of 95 % was performed . Results Total of 43 patients with mean age of 24 years underwent total of 86 surgeries .  VAS value had no statistically difference prior rinsing among groups ( P-value > 0.05 ) . However , the mean value of VAS following rinsing with green tea was statistically lower than placebo in postoperative days of 3–7 ( P-value < 0.05 ) . In addition , while rinsing with green tea , patients took significantly lower number of analgesics after surgery ( P-value < 0.05 ) . No side effects reported . Conclusion Green tea mouthwash could be an appropriate and safe choice to control postoperative pain after third molar surgery The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of green tea catechin for the improvement of periodontal disease . The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) and bactericidal activity of green tea catechin against black-pigmented , Gram-negative anaerobic rods ( BPR ) were measured . Hydroxypropylcellulose strips containing green tea catechin as a slow release local delivery system were applied in pockets in patients once a week for 8 weeks . The clinical , enzymatic and microbiological effects of the catechin were determined . Green tea catechin showed a bactericidal effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp . in vitro with an MIC of 1.0 mg/ml . In the in vivo experiment , the pocket depth ( PD ) and the proportion of BPR were markedly decreased in the catechin group with mechanical treatment at week 8 compared with the baseline with significant difference . In contrast , PD and BPR were similar to the baseline and the value at the end of the experimental period in the placebo sites of scaled groups . The peptidase activities in the gingival fluid were maintained at lower levels during the experimental period in the test sites , while it reached 70 % of that at baseline in the placebo sites . No morbidity was observed in the placebo and catechin groups without mechanical treatment . Green tea catechin showed a bactericidal effect against BPR and the combined use of mechanical treatment and the application of green tea catechin using a slow release local delivery system was effective in improving periodontal status PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of a mouthwash containing 2 % green tea as compared to a placebo mouthwash for the control of plaque and gingivitis . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 110 male subjects 18 - 60 years of age . The inclusion criteria were having a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth , a plaque index ( PI ) of at least 1.5 and a gingival index ( GI ) of at least 1.0 . The subjects were r and omised into two parallel groups , test and control . Subjects in the test group and control group were instructed to rinse twice daily for 1 min with 10 ml of test ( mouthwash containing 2 % green tea ) and placebo mouthwash , respectively . After 28 days of using the mouthwash , inter- and intragroup differences for mean plaque index and gingival index scores were analysed . RESULTS There was a significant ( 
    Output:
    
Conclusions : Green tea-based mouthwashes can be considered an alternative to CHX mouthwashes in sustaining oral hygiene , especially because of the added advantages provided by such herbal preparations