***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Recent pre clinical and phase I studies have reported that rebamipide decreased the severity of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral cancer . This placebo-controlled r and omized phase II study assessed the clinical benefit of rebamipide in reducing the incidence of severe chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer ( HNC ) . Methods Patients aged 20–75 years with HNC who were scheduled to receive chemoradiotherapy were enrolled . Patients were r and omized to receive rebamipide 2 % liquid , rebamipide 4 % liquid , or placebo . The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade ≥ 3 oral mucositis determined by clinical examination and assessed by central review according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events version 3.0 . Secondary endpoints were the time to onset of grade ≥ 3 oral mucositis and the incidence of functional impairment ( grade ≥ 3 ) based on the evaluation by the Oral Mucositis Evaluation Committee . Results From April 2014 to August 2015 , 97 patients with HNC were enrolled , of whom 94 received treatment . The incidence of grade ≥ 3 oral mucositis was 29 % and 25 % in the rebamipide 2 % and 4 % groups , respectively , compared with 39 % in the placebo group . The proportion of patients who did not develop grade ≥ 3 oral mucositis by day 50 of treatment was 57.9 % in the placebo group , whereas the proportion was 68.0 % in the rebamipide 2 % group and 71.3 % in the rebamipide 4 % group . The incidences of adverse events potentially related to the study drug were 16 % , 26 % , and 13 % in the placebo , rebamipide 2 % , and rebamipide 4 % groups , respectively . There was no significant difference in treatment compliance among the groups . Conclusions The present phase II study suggests that mouth washing with rebamipide may be effective and safe for patients with HNC receiving chemoradiotherapy , and 4 % liquid is the optimal dose of rebamipide . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov under the identifier NCT02085460 ( the date of trial registration : March 11 , 2014 ) Purpose Benzydamine is recommended for prophylaxis of oral mucositis ( OM ) in head and neck cancer ( HNC ) patients for radiation doses ( < 50 Gy ) . This study evaluates role of benzydamine for higher radiation doses ( > 50 Gy ) with or without chemotherapy . Methods One hundred twenty patients of HNC with planned radiation doses of ≥60 Gy were r and omized to group A ( control radiotherapy alone ) , group B ( study radiotherapy alone ) , group C ( control chemoradiotherapy ) , or to group D ( study chemoradiotherapy ) . Groups A and C were advised saline mouth rinses , and in groups B and D , additional benzydamine rinses ( 0.15 % ) were advised . Mucositis grading was done with both WHO ( WHO-M ) and CTCAE ( CTC-M ) version 4.0 ( common terminology criteria for adverse events ) weekly . Results Patient characteristics are presented in the table . Patients in group B had lesser grade 3 WHO-M and CTC-M as compared to group A , 62.1 vs. 36.4 % ( p = 0.038 ) and 51.7 vs. 27.3 % ( p = 0.043 ) , respectively . The rates of Ryle ’s tube feeding ( RTF ) , intravenous fluid supplementation ( IVF ) , and hospitalization were also lesser in group B as compared to A , 34.5 vs. 21.2 % ( p = 0.18 ) , 27.6 vs. 9.1 % ( p = 0.06 ) , and 6.9 vs. 0 % ( p = 0.21 ) , respectively . WHO-M and CTC-M in groups C and D were not statistically different , 64.3 vs. 43.3 % ( p = 0.091 ) and 53.6 % vs. 43.3 % ( p = 0.30 ) , respectively . The rates of RTF , IVF , and hospitalization were all lesser but p > 0.05 . Conclusion Benzydamine significantly reduces OM even at doses > 50 Gy in HNC patients . Its role in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy further needs to be evaluated Background Few treatments have the potential to reduce the severity of radiation-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer patients . Some small studies have suggested that organic honey may be a useful preventive treatment . Methods This investigator-initiated double-blind r and omized placebo-controlled trial investigated whether honey reduced the severity of radiation-induced oral mucositis ( ROM ) .  One hundred six head and neck cancer patients from the Vancouver and Sudbury Cancer Centers in Canada were r and omized to swish , hold , and swallow either 5 ml of irradiated organic manuka honey or a placebo gel , four times a day throughout radiation treatment , plus seven more days . Severity of oral mucositis according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) , World Health Organization ( WHO ) , and Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale scales , weight , and subjects ' symptom severity and quality of life were assessed weekly . Sialometry was performed at baseline and at the last study visit . Results One hundred six patients were recruited . Twenty-four did not attend any mucositis assessment s. One was removed from the study because of off- study consumption of store-bought manuka honey . The remaining 81 patients had at least one mucositis assessment and were included in the analysis . Sixty-two percent of subjects received concurrent chemotherapy ; 81 % were male . The groups were well-matched , and blinding was excellent . Dropouts were mostly due to nausea and were similar in both arms , with 78 % being able to tolerate the study products for more than 1 week . The dropout rate was 57 % in those who received honey and 52 % in those who received placebo gel . The dropout rate in those who had concurrent chemotherapy was 59 % and in those who only received radiation was 47 % . There was no statistically significant difference between the honey and placebo arms in any of the outcome indicators . Those who completed the study in both treatment arms had low rates of RTOG greater than or equal to grade 3 mucositis ; 35 % in the honey group and 43 % in the placebo group . Conclusion Despite promising earlier reports , manuka honey was not tolerated well by our patients and , even when used as directed , did not have a significant impact on the severity of ROM This study evaluated the effects of an essential oil mouthwash on  radiation induced mucositis of the oropharyngeal area during treatment for head and neck cancers . Nineteen adult patients completed the r and omized placebo controlled trial which involved the use of a gargle containing 2 drops of a 1:1 mix of the essential oils of manuka ( Leptospermum scoparium ) and kanuka ( Kunzea ericoides ) in water . Those in the essential oil gargle group were observed to have a delayed onset of mucositis and reduced pain and oral symptoms relative to placebo ( gargling with water ) and the control ( ' usual care ' ) groups . In addition those in the essential oil group were seen to have less weight loss ( 1 % loss ) than the other two groups ( control 2.5 % , placebo 4.5 % ) . However a significant limitation in this study was the small sample size . Although the results from this feasibility study support the hypothesis that very small volumes of manuka and kanuka used in a gargle can provide a positive effect on the development of radiation induced mucositis , further research is required to confirm this finding . R and omization was applied according to the timing of the patient 's entering the trial as well as their physical ability to gargle . Confirmation of these findings would pave the way for introduction of a simple , yet effective treatment for a condition which causes considerable discomfort and for which there is currently no definitive treatment INTRODUCTION Oral care in cancer patients is an important aspect in the quality of life of patients undergoing cancer therapy . Mucositis , trismus , salivary gl and dysfunction are the main complications of the cancer therapy , which lead to long-term complications such as radiation caries , poor oral hygiene and osteoradionecrosis . A timely oral evaluation and intervention in these patients can reduce the severity of the potential complications . Triclosan is an antibacterial agent widely used in periodontal therapy , the effectiveness of triclosan in the management of radiation induced oral mucositis is evaluated here . AIMS 1 ) To determine the effectiveness of triclosan in the management of radiation-induced oral mucositis . 2 ) To compare the effectiveness of triclosan mouth rinse with conventional sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-four patients who underwent radiation therapy for oral cancer and subsequently developed oral mucositis were included in the study . They were r and omly allocated into two groups on noticing grade I mucositis ( erythema ) . The study group was advised to use triclosan mouthwash containing triclosan 0.03 % W/V and sodium bicarbonate 2 mg mouth wash for the control group . A weekly follow-up evaluation of body weight , food intake , pain and grading of mucositis were made during the radiation treatment period and post radiation treatment period . RESULTS Both the groups were statistically identical . All the 24 patients in both the groups passed through grade 3 mucositis on the last day of radiotherapy . However , 10 patients in the control group and only one patient in the study group entered to grade 4 mucositis . A definite change was noticed in the severity of the mucositis , food intake and weight loss . The control group took more than 45 days to resolve while the study group took only less than 28 days . DISCUSSION The results of the study were evaluated and tried to formulate a hypothesis so as to explain the less severity and early resolution of mucositis in the study group . CONCLUSION Triclosan mouthwash was found to be effective in reducing the severity of radiation- induced oral mucositis and helped in early reversal of symptoms during post treatment period . However , further studies are necessary to confirm this observation Objectives Mucosal damage is an important and debilitating side effect when treating head and neck cancer patients with (chemo-)radiation . The aim of this r and omized clinical trial was to investigate whether the addition of a neutral , supersaturated , calcium phosphate ( CP ) mouth rinse benefits the severity and duration of acute mucositis in head and neck cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiation . Material s and methods A total of 60 patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck receiving (chemo)radiation were included in this study . Fifty-eight patients were r and omized into two treatment arms : a control group receiving st and ard of care ( n = 31 ) and a study group receiving st and ard of care + daily CP mouth rinses ( n = 27 ) starting on the first day of (chemo-)radiation .  Oral mucositis and dysphagia were assessed twice a week using the National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria scale version 3 , oral pain was scored with a visual analogue scale . Results No significant difference in grade III mucositis ( 59 vs. 71 % ; p = 0.25 ) and dysphagia ( 33 vs. 42 % , p = 0.39 ) was observed between the study group compared to the control group . Also no significant difference in time until development of peak mucositis ( 28.6 vs. 28.7 days ; p = 0.48 ) , duration of peak mucositis ( 22.7 vs. 24.6 days ; p = 0.31 ) , recuperation of peak dysphagia ( 20.5 vs 24.2 days ; p = 0.13 ) and occurrence of severe pain ( 56 vs. 52 % , p = 0.5 ) . Conclusion In this r and omized study , the addition of CP mouth rinse to st and ard of care did not improve the frequency , duration or severity of the most common acute toxicities during and early after (chemo)radiation . There is currently no evidence supporting its st and ard use in daily practice This pilot study was design ed to compare the efficacy of 0.2 % wt/vol chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.15 % wt/vol benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses in alleviating irradiation oropharyngeal mucositis for patients with head and neck cancer . This was a prospect i ve , r and omized , and double-blinded study . Fourteen subjects were stratified based on nasopharyngeal cancer and non-nasopharyngeal head and neck cancer , and were r and omly assigned to receive oral care protocol either containing with chlorhexidine ( n = 7 ) or benzydamine ( n = 7 ) from the first day to 2 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy . Subjects were evaluated twice weekly through days 1 to 64 using the World Health Organization mucositis scale and the 10-cm visual analogue scale for mouth pain and dysphagia . In the chlorhexidine arm , 4 subjects ( 57 % ) had grade 2 , and 3 subjects ( 43 % ) had grade 3 mucositis . In the benzydamine arm , 5 subjects ( 71 % ) had grade 2 , and 2 subjects ( 29 % ) had grade 3 mucositis ( P > .05 ) . The mean area-under-the-curve values of mucositis were 26.5 ± 13.6 ( median 26 ) and 24.1 ± 
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Conclusion The results of the meta- analysis indicated that the use of a mouthwash that includes anti-inflammatory properties contributes the most to alleviating oral mucositis in patients who are undergoing radiotherapy to treat head and neck cancer