***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of immediate functionally loaded implants placed with a flapless procedure ( test group ) versus implants placed after flap elevation and conventional load-free healing ( control group ) in partially edentulous patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients were r and omized : 20 to the flapless immediately loaded group and 20 to the conventional group . To be immediately loaded , implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque > 45 Ncm . Implants in the immediately loaded group were provided with full acrylic resin temporary restorations the same day . Implants in the conventional group were submerged ( anterior region ) or left unsubmerged ( posterior region ) and were left load-free for 3 months ( m and ibles ) or 4 months ( maxillae ) . Provisional restorations were replaced with definitive single metal-ceramic crowns 1 month postloading . Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures , biological and prosthetic complications , postoperative edema , pain , and use of analgesics . Independent sample chi2 tests , Mann-Whitney tests , t tests , and paired t tests were used with a significance level of .05 . RESULTS Fifty-two implants were placed in the flapless group and 56 in the conventionally loaded group . In the flapless group , 1 flap had to be raised to control the direction of the bur and 1 implant did not reach the planned primary stability and was treated as belonging to the conventional group . After 3 years no dropouts or failures occurred . There was no statistically significant difference for complications ; however , patients in the conventional group had significantly more postoperative edema and pain and consumed more analgesics than those in the flapless group . Osstell values were significantly higher at baseline in the flapless group ( P = .033 ) . When comparing baseline data with years 1 , 2 , and 3 within each group , mean Osstell values of the flapless group did not increase , whereas there were statistically significant increases in the Periotest values . CONCLUSIONS Implants can be successfully placed flapless and loaded immediately without compromising success rates ; the procedure decreases treatment time and patient discomfort OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical study was to evaluate peri-implant soft-tissue conditions and esthetic fulfillment during a 3-year follow-up period following prosthetic rehabilitation . MATERIAL AND METHODS As part of a prospect i ve multi-center study , 152 ITI dental implants were placed in 80 patients in the maxillary anterior region . Fifty-nine crowns ( 38.82 % ) were cement retained , while 93 ( 61.18 % ) crowns were screw retained . At loading and 3 , 6 , 12 and 36 months post-loading , modified plaque index ( MPI ) , sulcus bleeding index ( SBI ) , keratinized mucosa ( KM ) , gingival level ( GL ) , and esthetic fulfillment were recorded . RESULTS All patients completed the study and no complications were reported . While statistically not significant at all time points , cement-retained crowns seemed to present a worsening trend in MPI and SBI scores . Interestingly , screw-retained crowns seemed to present an opposite picture , their MPI and SBI scores improved over time . While plaque accumulation , prophylaxis and depth of crown margin significantly affected levels of sulcus bleeding , prophylaxis alone played a key role in reducing plaque accumulation . No soft tissue recession was observed in either cement- or screw-retained crowns up to 3 years post-loading . Esthetic fulfillment survey revealed that patients did not have a preference for crown types ; however , dentists favored cement-retained over screw-retained crowns . CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant soft tissues responded more favorably to screw-retained crowns when compared with cement-retained crowns . However , no soft-tissue recession was observed in either type of crowns . Cement-retained crowns were preferred by dentists , while patients were equally satisfied with either type of crowns they received The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure OBJECTIVES To test the survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates of customized zirconia and titanium abutments 5 years after crown insertion . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with 40 single implants in maxillary and m and ibular canine and posterior regions were included . The implant sites were r and omly assigned to zirconia abutments supporting all-ceramic crowns or titanium abutments supporting metal-ceramic crowns . Clinical examinations were performed at baseline , and at 6 , 12 , 36 and 60 months of follow-up . The abutments and reconstructions were examined for technical and /or biological complications . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) and Bleeding on Probing ( BOP ) were assessed at abutments ( test ) and analogous contralateral teeth ( control ) . Radiographs of the implants revealed the bone level ( BL ) on mesial ( mBL ) and distal sides ( dBL ) . Data were statistically analyzed with nonparametric mixed models provided by Brunner and Langer and STATA ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS Eighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were available at a mean follow-up of 5.6 years ( range 4.5 - 6.3 years ) . No abutment fracture or loss of a reconstruction occurred . Hence , the survival rate was 100 % for both . Survival of implants supporting zirconia abutments was 88.9 % and 90 % for implants supporting titanium abutments . Chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred at three metal-ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments . No significant differences were found at the zirconia and titanium abutments for PPD ( meanPPDZrO2 3.3 ± 0.6 mm , mPPDTi 3.6 ± 1.1 mm ) , PCR ( mPCRZrO2 0.1 ± 0.3 , mPCRTi 0.3 ± 0.2 ) and BOP ( mBOPZrO2 0.5 ± 0.3 , mBOPTi 0.6 ± 0.3 ) . Moreover , the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( mBLZrO2 1.8 ± 0.5 , dBLZrO2 2.0 ± 0.8 ; mBLTi 2.0 ± 0.8 , dBLTi 1.9 ± 0.8 ) . CONCLUSIONS There were no statistically or clinical ly relevant differences between the 5-year survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates  of zirconia and titanium abutments in posterior regions BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up studies ( i.e. , over 5 years ) , focusing on prosthetic outcomes and maintenance of implant-supported reconstructions in the edentulous maxilla , are scarce in the literature . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes and maintenance of screw-retained implant-supported full-arch casted titanium-resin prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the r and omized control trial cohort of 24 patients , the outcome and maintenance of 23 bridges were registered . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , 21 still had their original frameworks ; one framework fractured after 8 years and one was remade after 7 years to create better support for the acrylic . The remaining 23 prostheses showed criteria of success , survival , and failure in 9 , 82 , and 9 % , respectively . Tightening of two assembly screws was necessary in one patient . No detrimental effects were seen because of long cantilever extensions or opposing dentition . A total of 4.7 resin-related complications per prosthesis were observed ; tooth fracture was the most common prosthetic complication . There was an indication of greater prevention in the number of resin-related complications with the use of lingual gold onlay compared with a resilient mouth guard , 0.71 and 1.67 , respectively per bridge . The bridges were removed and reinserted 0.83 times per patient . No abutment or abutment screw fractures were registered . CONCLUSION Fracture or wear of the reconstruction material s were considered predictable risks when using resin-based suprastructure material s. Status of opposing dentition and length of cantilevers did not confer additional risk . The use of a lingual gold onlay indicated prevention of resin-related complications . Future research should focus on the suprastructure material s to predict better overall treatment results of implant-supported full-arch bridges in the edentulous maxilla PURPOSE The possibility of expediting dental implant therapy by early or immediate loading protocol s requires long-term clinical investigation . The aim of this prospect i ve cohort trial was to determine the 3-year implant success rate and prosthesis complications associated with functional loading 3 weeks after 1-stage placement of Astra Tech single-tooth implants replacing maxillary anterior teeth . A secondary objective was to determine peri-implant tissue responses at these implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The peri-implant bone and mucosal conditions of 43 implants in 39 subjects were radiographically and clinical ly measured 3 years after implant placement . RESULTS Of the 48 patients originally treated , 39 patients and 43 implants were examined at the 3-year time point . Three of 54 implants failed within the first year . No additional failures were recorded since the 12-month reporting period . Peri-implant bone levels were stable for the 3-year period following implant placement . The change in marginal bone levels after 3 years was 0.42 + /- 0.59 mm . Papilla growth was measured at 1 and 3 years ( 0.61 + /- 0.95 mm and 0.74 + /- 0.79 mm , respectively ) . The buccal peri-implant tissue dimensions at the gingival zenith also increased at 1 and 3 years ( 0.34 + /- 0.94 mm and 0.51 + /- 1.42 mm , respectively ) . No abutment screw loosening or fracture occurred . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early loading of endosseous dental implants placed in healed ridges offers select benefits to clinicians and their patients PURPOSE To present long-term clinical and radiographic data on single-implant treatment in the anterior maxilla and to compare these results with comparable data of central implants supporting fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 38 patients consecutively restored with 47 single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla were included in the single-implant ( study ) group . The implants in the edentulous group ( control ) were included by r and omly selecting one of the central implants ( closest to midline ) from 76 consecutively treated edentulous patients . Mean age was 25.4 years ( SD : 10.0 ) and 60.1 years ( SD : 11.6 ) at inclusion ( P < .001 ) for the study and control groups , respectively . Clinical and radiographic data were retrospectively retrieved from files holding up to 15 years of function in both groups . RESULTS No implants in the study group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 100 % ) , while 3 implants in the control group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 95.4 % ) . Ten single crowns were replaced ( 15-year cumulative survival rate : 77.0 % ) , and the study group showed more mucosal problems and fistulas compared to the implants in the control group ( P < .05 ) . Loose screws were a common problem in the single-implant group during the first 5 years of function , but bone loss did not differ significantly between patients with stable and loose screws/fistulas ( P > .05 ) or between 
    Output:
    
For " all fixed prostheses " ( prosthesis type not reported or not known ) , significantly fewer biologic and technical complications were seen with screw retention .
Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly greater incidence of technical complications with cemented prostheses .
Full-arch prostheses , cantilevered prostheses , and " all fixed prostheses " had significantly higher complication rates than single crowns .
A significantly greater incidence of technical and biologic complications was seen with cemented prostheses .
Screw-retained fixed partial prostheses  demonstrated a significantly higher rate of technical complications and  screw-retained full-arch prostheses demonstrated a notably high rate of veneer chipping .
When " all fixed prostheses " were considered , significantly higher rates of technical and biologic complications were seen for cement-retained prostheses .
Multivariate Poisson regression analysis failed to show a significant difference between screw- and cement-retained prostheses with respect to the incidence of failure but demonstrated a higher rate of technical and biologic complications for cement-retained prostheses .
The incidence of technical complications was more dependent upon prosthesis and retention type than prosthesis or abutment material