***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Aim To evaluate whether eradication therapy is more effective in peptic ulcer disease ( PUD ) than in non-ulcer dyspepsia ( NUD ) . Methods We retrospectively studied 481 patients with NUD ( 183 patients ) or PUD ( 298 patients ) infected with Helicobacter pylori included in several prospect i ve clinical trials . Three eradication regimens were given : ( 1 ) proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) plus clarithromycin , plus either amoxycillin or metronidazole for 7 days ( 297 patients ) ; ( 2 ) ranitidine bismuth citrate ( RBC ) plus clarithromycin plus amoxycillin for 7 days ( 79 patients ) ; and ( 3 ) RBC plus clarithromycin plus amoxycillin plus metronidazole for 5 days ( 105 patients ) . H. pylori eradication was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test 4 weeks after completing treatment . Results H. pylori eradication rates were 82 % ( 95 % CI 78–87 % ) with PPI plus two antibiotics for 7 days , 85 % ( 95 % CI 75–91 % ) with RBC plus two antibiotics for 7 days , and 91 % ( 95 % CI 86–97 % ) with RBC plus three antibiotics for 5 days ( P < 0.05 compared with the first regimen ) . Overall , the H. pylori eradication rate in patients with NUD was 78 % ( 95 % CI 71–84 % ) , while in patients with PUD it was 89 % ( 95 % CI 86–93 % ) ( P < 0.001 ) . Both the combination of PPI plus two antibiotics for 7 days and the combination of RBC plus three antibiotics for 5 days were more effective in PUD than in NUD patients . However , RBC plus clarithromycin plus amoxycillin for 7 days was equally effective in both diseases . RBC plus two antibiotics for 7 days achieved better results than the same therapy with PPI only in NUD patients ( 84%v . 59 % , P < 0.01 ) , but both regimens were similar when prescribed in PUD patients ( 86%v . 88 % ) . In the multivariate analysis , the type of therapy , the diagnosis ( NUD v. PUD ) , and the product variable of therapy ( with RBC plus 2 antibiotics for 7 days ) and diagnosis ( interaction variable ) were the only variables that influenced H. pylori eradication . The odds ratio ( OR ) for the effect of RBC versus PPI plus two antibiotics for 7 days in patients with NUD was 4 ( 95 % CI 1.7–9.7;P < 0.01 ) , whereas in patients with PUD no statistical significance was achieved ( OR 0.79 ; 95 % CI 0.2–3.9 ) . Conclusion Overall , H. pylori eradication therapy is more effective in PUD than in NUD patients . This advantage of eradication therapies in PUD patients seems to be observed with 7-day PPI-based triple regimens , and with 5-day RBC-based quadruple therapy , while the 7-day RBC-based triple regimen seems to be equally effective in both diseases BACKGROUND Virulence factors ofHelicobacter pylori are associated with peptic ulcer disease and may be also associated with the efficacy of treatment . AIMS To determine the relation between the vacA and thecagA status of H pylori , clinical disease , and treatment outcome . PATIENTS 121 patients withH pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia were treated by quadruple antibiotic therapy in two groups for one and two days , respectively . METHODS DNA was isolated from gastric antral biopsy specimens , taken before and after treatment , and the vacA and cagAstatus was determined by polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridisation . RESULTS Peptic ulcer disease was significantly associated with the vacA s1 type , and cagA positivity , but not with thevacA m type . Treatment efficacy was significantly higher in patients with peptic ulcer disease , or infected with cagA+/vacAs1 strains . CONCLUSIONS The strong association between the cagA and vacA status and peptic ulcer disease was confirmed . Cure rates seem to be higher for patients withcagA+/vacA s1H pylori strains , which is consistent with the higher cure rate observed among ulcer patients compared with functional dyspepsia patients . Therefore , treatment studies may require stratification for presence of ulcers as well as H pylori genotypes Background : The ideal duration of Helicobacter pylori treatment in the United States and whether eradication therapy is as successful in nonulcer dyspepsia as in peptic ulcer disease are controversial topics An investigator blind trial was performed comparing bismuth salicylate , erythromycin ethylsuccinate , and placebo in the treatment of Campylobacter pyloridis associated gastritis in patients without peptic ulceration . Fifty patients fulfilled the study criteria . There was a strong correlation between the presence of C pyloridis and histologically confirmed gastritis . Clearance of organisms led to improvement of the gastritis . C pyloridis was cleared from 15 patients ; of these , 13 had gastritis initially , which resolved in 12 . Conversely , gastritis resolved in only four of 32 patients not cleared of organisms ( p less than 0.0001 ) . There was significantly greater improvement in endoscopic appearances in the patients cleared of C pyloridis compared with those whose infection persisted ( p less than 0.001 ) . In the three treatment groups organisms were cleared from 14 of 18 patients receiving the locally active bismuth salicylate , only one of 15 patients receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate , and none of 17 patients taking placebo . These findings suggest that the ideal antimicrobial for the successful eradication of C pyloridis associated gastritis should be locally active , stable at low pH , and should penetrate gastric mucus . The resolution of gastritis and improvement in endoscopic appearances associated with clearance of C pyloridis support the view that these organisms may play a part in this condition The  metronidazole resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains has increased rapidly BACKGROUND Quadruple therapy using omeprazole combined with classic bismuth triple therapy has been advocated as optimal therapy for the cure of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection . We investigated the efficacy of substituting lansoprazole for omeprazole in proton pump quadruple therapy . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a prospect i ve open study , 219 consecutive patients , with either peptic ulcer disease or biopsy-proven H. pylori-associated gastritis , received seven days of lansoprazole , bismuth , tetracycline and metronidazole after three days of lansoprazole pretreatment .  Cure of infection was judged by 14C urea breath test at six weeks after completion of therapy . RESULTS On an intention to treat basis , 198 of the 219 patients ( 90 % ) were confirmed to be cured of H. pylori infection . Compliance was excellent and minimal side effects reported . CONCLUSION Lansoprazole-based quadruple therapy achieves a very high cure rate in an unselected population of either peptic ulcer patients or those with H. pylori-associated gastritis . Recommended regimens should achieve at least 90 % cure of infection .  Lansoprazole quadruple therapy is effective and compares favorably with other H. pylori treatment regimens BACKGROUND Several studies have found a fairly low Helicobacter pylori eradication rate using a st and ard 7-day triple therapy in Italy . Recently , two new therapeutic schedules have been proposed with an eradication rate higher than 90 % . This study compared the efficacy of these two treatment regimens . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 131 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and either non-ulcer dyspepsia ( 73 patients ] or peptic ulcer ( 58 patients ) were enrolled . Helicobacter pylori infection was assessed by rapid urease test and histology on gastric biopsies . Patients were r and omised to receive either a 5-day course of ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg bid , clarithromycin 500 bid , and tinidazole 500 bid , or a 10-day course of omeprazole 20 mg bid plus amoxycillin 1 g bid for the first 5 days , and omeprazole 20 mg bid , clarithromycin 500 mg bid and tinidazole 500 mg bid for the remaining 5 days . Eradication was assessed by endoscopy 4 - 6 weeks after therapy . RESULTS Overall , 4 patients ( 2 for each treatment group ) were lost to follow-up . Helicobacter pylori eradication rates were 67.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 55.7 - 78.7 ) and 65.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 53.7 - 76.6 ) at per protocol and intention-to-treat analyses , respectively , after the 5-day regimen , and 96.8 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 92.5 - 100 ) and 93.8 % ( 95 % confidence interval : 88 - 99.7 ) after the 10-day regimen ( p<0.05 ) . Both treatments were well tolerated , and no major side-effects were reported . CONCLUSIONS The 5-day regimen gave disappointing results , while the eradication rate after the 10-day regimen was very high BACKGROUND Acid pump inhibitors combined with antimicrobials cure gastritis and peptic ulcer disease but a st and ard therapy has not yet been established . We therefore investigated a triple therapy with pantoprazole . METHODS The aim of this open-label monocenter trial , involving 30 intention-to-treat patients with peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia , was to assess the H. pylori cure rate after a 7-day triple therapy with pantoprazole ( 40 mg bid ) plus metronidazole ( 500 mg bid ) and amoxicillin ( 1 g bid ) . The H. pylori status was assessed by rapid urease test , histological examination and culture at the initial examination and by histological examination and culture at the study end 4 weeks after ending all therapy . RESULTS At the end of the trial H. pylori was eradicated in 21 of 27 per protocol patients ( 78 % ; 95 % CI 58 - 91 % ) and in 21 of 30 patients included in the trial ( 70 % ; 95 % CI 51 - 85 % ) . In 15 of 16 per protocol patients with metronidazole-sensitive strain ( 94 % ; 95 % CI 70 - 100 % ) the infection was cured , but in contrast eradication was accomplished in only one of 3 patients with a metronidazole-resistant H. pylori strain . Post-treatment resistance to metronidazole was observed in 6 cases , although 4 of them had had H. pylori strains sensitive to metronidazole at the initial visit . The gastritis had clearly been improved , and the activity of gastritis had completely disappeared 4 weeks after treatment . Seven adverse events were observed in 7 patients , the intensity of which was moderate in 6 cases . CONCLUSIONS This short-term triple therapy with pantoprazole , amoxicillin and metronidazole provides an effective regimen especially in patients with metronidazole-sensitive strain Background : The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole dem and s treatments more effective than st and ard bismuth‐based triple therapy against these strains Aim A combination of omeprazole plus amoxycillin ( Amo ) and clarithromycin ( Cla ) for 7 days has been studied extensively . However , the role of other proton pump inhibitors , such as pantoprazole ( Pan ) , in this therapy is not well known . On the other h and , ranitidine bismuth citrate ( RBC ) also seems to be effective when combined with Amo and Cla . Our aim was to evaluate and to compare these two novel short‐term triple therapies ( Pan+Amo+Cla and RBC+Amo+Cla ) for treatment of Helicobacter pylori . Methods In a r and omized clinical trial 150 consecutive patients ( 38 with duodenal ulcer , 112 with non‐ulcer dyspepsia ) infected by H. pylori were studied prospect ively . Exclusion criteria were : previous H. pylori eradication therapy , gastroerosive drug use , gastric surgery , and associated diseases . One of two regimens was given for 7 days : Pan ( 40 mg b.i.d . ) , Amo ( 1 g b.i.d . ) , Cla ( 500 mg b.i.d . ) ( group Pan+Amo+Cla , n = 75 ) ; or RBC ( 400 mg b.i.d . ) , Amo ( 1 g b.i.d . ) , Cla ( 500 mg b.i.d . ) ( group RBC+Amo+Cla , n = 75 
    Output:
    
There is no convincing evidence to suggest that NUD patients respond to H pylori eradication treatments differently from those with PUD , although a trend exists with the 7-d PCA therapy