***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The purpose of the present study was to compare the success of and surgical differences between 1- and 2-stage sinus inlay bone grafts and implants after 1 year in function . The individual risk for implant failure in grafted areas among 1-stage patients was about twice the risk in 2-stage patients ( odds ratio 2.3 , CI 0.6 ; 8.5 ) . The risk for implant failure in non-grafted areas was significantly lower ( P < .05 ) than in grafted areas , regardless of the technique used . Forty edentulous patients , selected according to strict inclusion criteria from consecutive referrals , were allocated to one or other of the 2 sinus-inlay procedures . Twenty patients received bone blocks fixed by implants to the residual alveolar crest in a 1-stage procedure ( group 1 ) . In another 20 patients , particulated bone was condensed against the antral floor and left to heal for 6 months before implants were placed ( group 2 ) . An almost equal number of  implants  was placed in the patients of each group , 76 in the 1-stage procedure and 74 in the 2-stage procedure . Additionally , 72 and 66 implants were placed in the anterior non-grafted regions of group 1 and group 2 patients , respectively . After 1 year in function , a total of 20 implants failed in 1-stage patients , versus 11 in 2-stage patients . Sixteen and 8 implants , respectively , of these were placed in grafted bone . All but one 1-stage patient received the planned fixed prosthetic restorations , but 1 restoration was re design ed after the first year in function because of a functionally unacceptable prosthetic design . At the 1-year follow-up , one 2-stage patient lost her prosthesis as the result of multiple implant failures . Bruxism and postoperative infections were the only parameters that could be related to implant failure , however , depending on the statistical method used BACKGROUND A major reason for the success of modern dental implant systems has been the development of implant design s that enhance direct bone-implant interface . Surface roughness has been a factor in this success and different systems have utilized very different implant surface roughness . The major purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 similar implants with different surface roughness characteristics . METHODS Two similarly design ed , screw-type , commercially pure titanium implants , one dual acid-etched ( DAE ) and the other machined-surfaced ( MS ) , were compared in this prospect i ve , r and omized-controlled , multi-center study , in which a total of 97 patients were enrolled at a private dental practice or a university dental clinic . Both implant types were placed in each patient using a 2-stage approach with a conventional 4- to 6-month healing period . Implants supported fixed prostheses , hybrid prostheses , and overdentures as dictated by the individual patient 's need . All of the cases were followed using clinical and radiographic examinations . Criteria of success were the absence of peri-implant radiolucency , mobility , and persistent signs or symptoms of pain or infection . RESULTS Of the 432 implants ( 247 dual acid-etched , 185 machined-surfaced ) , 36 implants ( 12 dual acid-etched and 24 machined-surfaced ) have failed . The pre-loading integration success rate of the dual acid-etched implants ( 95.0 % ) was statistically higher ( P < 0.01 ) than the success rate of the machined-surfaced implants ( 86.7 % ) . At 36 months , the cumulative success rates ( CSR ) are 95.0 % for the dual acid-etched implants and 86.7 % for the machined-surfaced implants . CONCLUSIONS The difference in success rates is most likely attributed to the acid-etched surface characteristics . The greatest performance difference is observed in the conditions of poor quality or soft bone where the 3-year post-loading CSR are 96.8 % ( dual acid-etched ) and 84.8 % ( machined-surfaced ) In 1993 the Department of Implant Dentistry at New York University College of Dentistry began a long-term clinical , histologic , histomorphometric , and radiographic study of the sinus elevation procedure . One of the parameters under evaluation in this study is the effect of barrier membrane placement on the creation of vital bone in the grafted sinus cavity . This report presents a histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of healing with and without the placement of an exp and ed polytetrafluoroethylene ( e-PTFE ) barrier membrane over the lateral window at the time of sinus grafting . The data were collected from 12 patients who underwent bilateral sinus elevation surgery . In each of these 12 patients the same grafting material was used in both sinuses , making the presence or absence of an e-PTFE barrier membrane the only controlled variable . Under the conditions of this study , the results indicate that ( 1 ) placement of the barrier membrane tends to increase vital bone formation ; ( 2 ) placement of a barrier membrane has a positive effect on implant survival ; and ( 3 ) membrane placement should be considered for all sinus elevation procedures OBJECTIVES The aim of this histomorphometric prospect i ve study was to ascertain the efficacy of phycogenic bone substitute in an augmented sinus . The process of graft healing , bone remodeling , and bio material replacement was examined . MATERIAL AND METHODS The phycogenic material ( fluorohydroxyapatite ) made from calcium-encrusted sea algae was used for the sinus lifts . Twenty-four procedures were carried out ( one-stage and two-stage equally ) and 45 titanium stepped-screw implants were placed . The patients were followed for 12 - 23 months . In intervals of 6 , 9 , 12 , or 15 months after the sinus lift , 24 graft specimens were taken with a trephine bur . These specimens were examined histomorphometrically . RESULTS The grafting material was gradually resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone . Between the sixth and 15th month after the sinus lift , the percentage of newly formed bone grew linearly ( from 15.5+/-9.6 % to 40.8+/-15.3 % ) and the percentage of bone substitute decreased linearly ( from 34.5+/-8.6 % to 13+/-9.6 % ) . After 15 months , the density of trabeculae in grafted bone corresponded to cancellous bone of good quality ; however , the bone substitute was not completely resorbed during this period . No significant difference between the quality of the newly formed bone in the cases of the one- and two-stage sinus lifts was found . CONCLUSION Sinus lift carried out with phycogenic bone substitute was shown to be an effective method with limited invasiveness and a high survival rate of implants ( 97.8 % ) BACKGROUND Maxillary sinus lifting procedure enables clinicians to place implant-supported prostheses even in cases with very limited vertical bone height of the maxillary sinus . The aim of this study was to evaluate the implant success with regard to effects of the sinus membrane perforations that occurred during sinus lifting surgery . METHODS The study group consisted of 91 patients ( 29 females and 54 males ) with edentulous posterior maxilla .  Implant placement combined with sinus lifting surgery was performed , and 259 implants were inserted . Sinus membrane perforations were detected in 12 sinus sites . After proper treatment of perforations , 26 implants were placed into perforated sinus areas . Baseline panaromic radiographs were taken before the beginning of prosthetic treatment . Panaromic radiographs taken at the last recall were used for evaluation and compared to the baseline panaromic radiographs using image analysis software to reveal the peri-implant resorption rate for the implants placed in perforated and non-perforated sinus area . The modified sulcus bleeding index and plaque index were used for the assessment of soft tissue conditions . RESULTS Eleven implants were lost during the follow-up period , result ing in an overall survival rate of 95.9 % . Two failures occurred in the group with sinus perforations . There was no statistically significant difference regarding peri-implant bone resorption ( P = 0.778 ) and soft tissue conditions for implants placed into perforated-augmented sinus areas and augmented sinus areas . CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study , perforation of the sinus membrane did not compromise the osseointegration process or the success of dental implants placed in the augmented maxillary sinus PURPOSE The present study compared the regenerative outcome of sinus graft procedures in a group of patients who underwent the repair of an intraoperatively diagnosed sinus membrane perforation to that of a group of patients without sinus membrane perforations . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A sinus floor augmentation procedure  was performed in 73 sinuses in 63 patients . In 28 % of these sinuses a significant ( > 5 mm ) membrane perforation was observed intraoperatively . In these cases , the perforation was sealed with a freeze-dried human lamellar bone sheet , and the grafting procedure was carried out as planned . The following parameters were measured on panoramic radiographs immediately postoperatively and at the 6- and 24-month follow-up examinations : ( 1 ) the distance between the occlusal edge of the implant and the preoperative sinus floor , ( 2 ) the distance between the occlusal edge of the implant and the postoperative sinus floor , and ( 3 ) the distance between the occlusal edge of the implant and the alveolar crest . RESULTS The patients whose sinus membranes were perforated experienced no complications . No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the parameters measured . DISCUSSION Lambone was used in all cases in the present study . In no case did the sinus augmentation procedure have to be ab and oned . CONCLUSION It can be concluded that membrane elevation must be carefully executed to avoid membrane perforation , but that if it occurs , it is still possible to continue the procedure safely after repair PURPOSE This phase II study was design ed to evaluate 2 concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( rhBMP-2 ) for safety and efficacy in inducing adequate bone for endosseous dental implant in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Patients were treated with rhBMP-2 ( via an absorbable collagen sponge [ ACS ] ) , at concentrations of 0.75 mg/mL ( n = 18 ) , 1.50 mg/mL ( n = 17 ) , or with bone graft ( n = 13 ) . Bone induction was assessed by alveolar ridge height , width , and density measurements from computed tomography scans obtained before and 4 months after treatment and 6 months post-functional loading of dental implants ( density only ) . RESULTS Mean increases in alveolar ridge height at 4 months after treatment were similar among the groups ; 11.3 mm , 9.5 mm , and 10.2 mm , respectively , in the bone graft , 0.75 mg/mL , and 1.50 mg/mL rhBMP-2/ACS treatment groups . Mean increases in alveolar ridge width ( buccal to lingual ) at the crest of the ridge were statistically different among the treatment groups ; 4.7 mm , 2.0 mm , and 2.0 mm , respectively , in the bone graft , 0.75 mg/mL , and 1.50 mg/mL treatment groups ( P < or= .01 vs 0.75 mg/mL ; P < .01 vs 1.50 mg/mL ) . At 4 months postoperative new bone density was statistically different among the treatment groups ; 350 mg/cc , 84 mg/cc , and 134 mg/cc for the bone graft , 0.75 mg/mL , and 1.50 mg/mL rhBMP-2/ACS treatment groups , respectively ( P = .003 vs 0.75 mg/mL , P = .0137 vs 1.50 mg/mL , P = .0188 ; 1.50 mg/mL vs 0.75 mg/mL ) . Core bone biopsies obtained at the time of dental implant placement confirmed normal bone formation . The proportion of patients who received dental implants that were functionally loaded and remained functional at 36 months post-functional loading was 62 % , 67 % , and 76 % in the bone graft , 0.75 mg/mL , and 1.50 mg/mL rhBMP-2/ACS treatment groups , respectively . CONCLUSION This study is the first r and omized controlled trial demonstrating de novo organ tissue growth in humans from a recombinant human protein . rhBMP-2/ACS safely induced adequate bone for the placement and functional loading of endosseous dental implants in patients requiring staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation BACKGROUND It is not uncommon for the placement of endosseous dental implants  in the maxillary posterior jaw region to be complicated by the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus . When this occurs , the residual bone between the floor of the sinus and the crestal ridge is inadequate for the placement of implants . The sinus lift procedure provides a way to increase the amount of available bone and the placement of longer implants . METHODS One hundred twenty ( 120 ) implants were placed in 45 augmented maxillary sinuses . Patients ranged in age from 34 to 78 years . The implant design included a limited number of non-hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated 
    Output:
    
Survival rates for implants placed in grafts made of bone substitutes alone and grafts of composite material were slightly better than the survival rates for implants placed in 100 % autogenous grafts .
Over 90 % of implants associated with non-autogenous grafts had a textured surface .
Textured surfaces achieved better outcomes compared with machined surfaces , and this was independent of the graft material .
Simultaneous and delayed procedures had similar outcomes .
It may be concluded that bone substitutes can be successfully used for sinus augmentation , reducing donor-site morbidity .
The use of implants with a textured surface may improve the outcome in any graft type