***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background and Objective Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions specifically in epidemiological surveys . The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases . Material s and Methods A r and omly selected sample of 1000 adults living in Skåne , a county in the southern part of Sweden , was invited to participate in a clinical study of oral health . 451 individuals were enrolled in this investigation , 51 % women . All participants were asked to fill out a question naire , history was taken , a clinical examination was made and stimulated saliva sample s were collected . Salivary concentrations of IL-1β , -6 , -8 , TNF-α , lysozyme , MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA , IFMA or Luminex assays . Results Salivary IL-8 concentration was found to be twice as high in subjects who had experience of tumour diseases . In addition , IL-8 levels were also elevated in patients with bowel disease . MMP-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes , and muscle and joint diseases . The levels of IL-1β , IL-8 and MMP-8 , as well as the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases . Conclusion Biomarkers in saliva have the potential to be used for screening purpose s in epidemiological studies . The relatively unspecific inflammatory markers used in this study can not be used for diagnosis of specific diseases but can be seen as markers for increased systemic inflammation A controlled cross-sectional study with the aim of study ing oral health in patients with type 2 diabetes was carried out in a health care district in Sweden . The study included 102 r and omly sample d diabetic patients and 102 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic subjects from the same geographical area , treated at the same Public Dental Service clinics . Oral conditions were measured at clinical and X-ray examinations . Diabetes-related variables were extracted from medical records . Diabetic patients suffered from xerostomia ( dry mouth ) to a significantly higher degree than non-diabetic controls did ( 53.5 vs. 28.4 % ; P=0.0003 ) . Sites with advanced periodontitis were more frequent in the diabetic group ( P=0.006 ) as were initial caries lesions ( P=0.02 ) . Diabetic subjects showed a greater need of periodontal treatment ( P=0.05 ) , caries prevention ( P=0.002 ) and prosthetic corrections ( P=0.004 ) . Diabetes duration or metabolic control of the disease was not related to periodontal status . However , patients with longer duration of diabetes had more manifest caries lesions ( P=0.05 ) as had those on insulin treatment when compared with patients on oral/diet or combined treatment ( P=0.0001 ) . The conclusion is that individuals with type 2 diabetes in some oral conditions exhibited poorer health . Close collaboration between the patient , the primary health care and oral health professionals could be a way of improving the diabetic patient 's general and oral health This investigation was design ed to evaluate the production rates and concentrations of salivary alpha-amylase as a measure of adrenergic activity under several conditions of stress in human subjects .  Saliva and blood sample s were simultaneously collected from men at four 15 min intervals both before and after regimens for exercise , a written examination , or a rest period . The regressions of salivary alpha-amylase on plasma norepinephrine ( NE ) concentrations were significant for both exercise ( P < 0.001 ) and examination ( P < 0.01 ) protocol s. Aerobic exercise induced a 3-fold mean increase in alpha-amylase ; both NE and epinephrine ( EP ) increased approximately 5-fold over control levels . Levels of alpha-amylase and NE returned to control levels within 30 - 45 min after exercise , but EP remained elevated by approximately 2-fold during the remaining hour of observation . During the written examination , alpha-amylase and NE , but not EP , concentrations increased in parallel . In further studies the effects of exercise and exposure to heat and cold on the relationship of salivary alpha-amylase to heart rate and body temperature were investigated . Greater intensities of exercise were associated with greater increases in alpha-amylase concentrations . During heat exposure in a sauna ( 66 degrees C for 40 min ) amylase , heart rate and body temperature all increased progressively . However , during exposure to cold ( 4 degrees C for 40 min ) amylase increased rapidly , though heart rate and body temperature remained unchanged . Salivary cortisol concentrations were unchanged during exposure to heat or cold . We conclude that salivary alpha-amylase concentrations are predictive of plasma catecholamine levels , particularly NE , under a variety of stressful conditions , and may be a more direct and simple end point of catecholamine activity than are changes in heart rate 
    Output:
    
Conclusions Findings suggest that salivary glucose concentrations may be helpful in monitoring glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus .