***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Esophagectomy through cervico-thoraco-abdominal approach is a useful surgical technique in treating patients with esophageal cancer . However , the cervical reconstruction is also known to have a high rate of anastomotic leakage , as well as anastomotic stricture , intrathoracic stomach syndrome , reflux esophagitis and other complications , thereby influencing postoperative recovery and quality of life . Aims The objective of this study was to investigate whether tubular stomach is superior to whole stomach in reducing anastomotic leakage for esophageal reconstruction through the cervico-thoraco-abdominal ( 3-field ) approach . Methods A total of 850 patients undergoing the 3-field esophagectomy  were retrospectively included in this study and divided into a tubular stomach reconstruction group ( Group A , n = 453 ) and a whole stomach reconstruction group ( Group B , n = 397 ) . All patients underwent esophagectomy through right thorax , left cervical part , abdominal triple incisions and done in esophageal reconstruction by h and -sewn two-layer anastomosis . Results Results revealed that in comparison with whole stomach , esophageal reconstruction with tubular stomach had a lower incidence of anastomotic leakage ( 5.5 vs. 9.3 % , P < 0.05 ) , less manifestation of intrathoracic syndrome ( 3.3 vs. 9.8 % , P < 0.001 ) and less occurence of reflux esophagitis ( 5.1 vs. 11.1 % , P < 0.01 ) . However , for the incidence of anastomotic stricture , there was no significant difference between the two groups ( 9.3 vs. 9.8 % ) . Conclusions This observation study suggests that for esophageal cancer patients undergoing the 3-field esophagectomy tubular stomach is better than whole stomach for esophageal reconstruction as reflected by a reduced postoperative anastomotic leakage , intrathoracic syndrome and reflux esophagitis OBJECTIVE For patients undergoing oncologic surgery , the quality of life ( QoL ) is generally accepted as an important outcome parameter in addition to long-term survival , mortality and complication rates . This study focussed on the QoL in patients after oesophagectomy for cancer , comparing the method of reconstruction ( narrow gastric tube vs whole stomach ) . METHODS In a prospect i ve r and omised single-centre study from 2007 to 2008 , 104 patients underwent oesophagectomy for cancer . To assess the QoL , a question naire in reference to the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-OES24 was administered at 3 weeks , 6 months and 1 year after surgery . Clinical data were collected prospect ively , and follow-up was performed regularly . RESULTS There were no significant differences between the narrow gastric tube group ( NGT group , n=52 ) and the whole-stomach group ( WS group , n=52 ) with regard to patient and cancer characteristics , operative procedure , postoperative intensive care unit ( ICU ) hospitalisation , and overall survival at 1 year . Regarding the postoperative complication , there were more cases of postoperative reflux oesophagitis and impairment of pulmonary function in the WS group ( P<0.05 ) . Regarding the QoL investigation , the scores of QoL dropped for all patients at 3 weeks after surgery . Slowly , recovery was found at both 6 months and 1 year in both groups . Patients in the NGT group reported significantly ( P<0.05 ) better scores of QoL at both 6 months and 1 year . CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent gastric tube reconstruction  develop less postoperative digestive tract complications , and have a quicker recovery and a better QoL during the follow-up period . Further investigation and data collection will allow the assessment of this procedure beyond 1 year after operation OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of reconstructing method ( narrow gastric tube ( NGT ) versus whole stomach ( WS ) ) on health-related quality of life ( HRQL )  in patients during a 3-year follow-up . METHODS In a prospect i ve r and omized single-center study from 2007 to 2008 , 104 patients underwent esophagectomy for cancer . They were divided into NGT ( n = 52 ) and WS ( n = 52 ) groups . To assess HRQL , a question naire in references to EORTC-QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OES18 was administered at 3 weeks , 6 months , 1 year , 2 year and 3 years post-operation . Their clinical data were collected prospect ively and follow-up was performed regularly . RESULTS The patients in the NGT group reported significantly ( P < 0.05 ) better average scores of HRQL at both 6 months and 1 year . However , no significant difference in average scores of HRQL was found at 3 years . Patients in the NGT group reported significantly ( P < 0.05 ) better scores of reflux at 3 weeks , 6 months and 1 year . Nausea was the only item with significant difference on HRQL at 2 years and 3 years . No significant difference existed between two groups with regards to cumulative survival rate at 3 years . CONCLUSION No significant difference existed between two groups with regards to cumulative survival rate at 3 years . The patients with gastric tube reconstruction after oncologic esophagectomy present better HRQL.Further studies are warranted to perform survival analysis beyond 3 year post-operation BACKGROUND We evaluated the impact of the size of gastric tubes on tissue blood flow of the anastomotic site , the frequency of leakage and the postoperative nutritional status . METHODS Forty-four patients were r and omly allocated to either reconstruction using subtotal stomach ( n = 22 ) or to reconstruction using slender gastric tube ( n = 22 ) after esophagectomy .  The tissue blood flow at the anastomotic site was measured . The postoperative nutritional status of 17 patients without recurrence was examined . Possible correlations between the type of esophageal substitute and the tendency to leakage as well as postoperative nutritional status were examined . RESULTS There was no significant difference in the tissue blood and the frequency of leakage between the types of gastric tubes . There was no significant difference noted between the two in the postoperative nutritional status at 6 and 12 months after operation . CONCLUSIONS The width of gastric tube has no impact on tissue blood flow , the frequency of leakage , and the postoperative nutritional status after esophagectomy Abstract The health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) is generally accepted as an important parameter for patients undergoing oncologic surgery . We conducted this prospect i ve , r and omized study to compare the effect of narrow gastric tube ( NGT ) reconstruction and whole-stomach ( WS ) reconstruction on the long-term HRQL in patients after esophagectomy . One hundred and four patients undergoing esophagectomy were enrolled in our study from 2007 to 2008 , with 52 in NGT group and 52 in WS group . A question naire with reference to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OES18 was used to assess the HRQL at 3 weeks , 6 months , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 years after esophagectomy . Data collection and follow-up were performed regularly . No significant difference was found between NGT group and WS group in the patients ’ baseline characteristics . Patients in NGT group had decreased risk of postoperative reflux esophagitis by comparison with those in WS group . The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 42 % ( NGT ) and 27 % ( WS ) , respectively . Compared with WS group , a significant increased survival rate ( P = 0.027 ) was found in NGT group . Additionally , patients had lower dysphagia scores ( better ) in NGT group than those in WS group at 5 years after esophagectomy ( P < 0.05 ) . However , the scores of the other scales did not show statistical difference at 5-year follow-up . NGT is a better option for the reconstruction after esophagectomy because of decreased risk of postoperative complication , increased survival rate , and better HRQL , and NGT should be preferred to be recommended for patients undergoing esophagectomy 
    Output:
    
Conclusions The gastric-tube esophagectomy is superior to the whole-stomach approach , as it is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis and thoracic stomach syndrome .