***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: In a previous clinical study , a probiotic formulation ( PF ) consisting of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 ( PF ) decreased stress-induced gastrointestinal discomfort . Emerging evidence of a role for gut microbiota on central nervous system functions therefore suggests that oral intake of probiotics may have beneficial consequences on mood and psychological distress . The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like activity of PF in rats , and its possible effects on anxiety , depression , stress and coping strategies in healthy human volunteers . In the pre clinical study , rats were daily administered PF for 2 weeks and subsequently tested in the conditioned defensive burying test , a screening model for anti-anxiety agents . In the clinical trial , volunteers participated in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omised parallel group study with PF administered for 30 d and assessed with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist ( HSCL-90 ) , the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) , the Perceived Stress Scale , the Coping Checklist ( CCL ) and 24 h urinary free cortisol ( UFC ) . Daily subchronic administration of PF significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviour in rats ( P < 0·05 ) and alleviated psychological distress in volunteers , as measured particularly by the HSCL-90 scale ( global severity index , P < 0·05 ; somatisation , P < 0·05 ; depression , P < 0·05 ; and anger-hostility , P < 0·05 ) , the HADS ( HADS global score , P < 0·05 ; and HADS-anxiety , P < 0·06 ) , and by the CCL ( problem solving , P < 0·05 ) and the UFC level ( P < 0·05 ) . L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175 taken in combination display anxiolytic-like activity in rats and beneficial psychological effects in healthy human volunteers Indigenous lactic acid fermented foods may have potential as probiotic treatment for diarrhoea , due to high levels of lactic acid bacteria . In this study the effect of a millet drink , spontaneously fermented by lactic acid bacteria , as a therapeutic agent among Ghanaian children with diarrhoea , was assessed . Children below 5 years of age coming to Northern Ghana health clinics for treatment of diarrhoea were r and omised to two groups . Children of both groups received treatment for diarrhoea given at the local clinic . The intervention group in addition received up to 300 ml fermented millet drink ( KSW ) daily for 5 days after enrolment . The clinical outcome of diarrhoea and reported well-being were registered every day for the 5-day intervention and again 14 days after diagnosis . Among 184 children ( mean age 17.4 , st and ard deviation 11.3 months ) included , no effects of the intervention were found with respect to stool frequency , stool consistency and duration of diarrhoea . However , KSW was associated with greater reported well-being 14 days after the start of the intervention ( P=0.02 ) . The fact that no effect of KSW on diarrhoea was observed could be because many children had a mild form of diarrhoea , and many were treated with antibiotics . Either this could have affected the lactic acid bacteria , or the lactic acid bacteria in KSW had no probiotic effects . It is speculated that the effect after two weeks could be due to a preventing effect of KSW on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea which could help reducing persistent diarrhoea Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on the host , when administered in adequate amounts . Mostly , probiotics affect the gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract of the host and alter the composition of gut microbiota . Nowadays , the incidence of hip fractures due to osteoporosis is increasing worldwide . Ovariectomized ( OVX ) rats have fragile bone due to estrogen deficiency and mimic the menopausal conditions in women . Therefore , this study aim ed to examine the effects of Bifidobacterium longum ( B. longum ) on bone mass density ( BMD ) , bone mineral content ( BMC ) , bone remodeling , bone structure , and gene expression in OVX rats . The rats were r and omly assigned into 3 groups ( sham , OVX , and the OVX group supplemented with 1 mL of B. longum 108–109 colony forming units (CFU)/mL ) . B. longum was given once daily for 16 weeks , starting from 2 weeks after the surgery . The B. longum supplementation increased ( p < 0.05 ) serum osteocalcin ( OC ) and osteoblasts , bone formation parameters , and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide ( CTX ) and osteoclasts , bone resorption parameters . It also altered the microstructure of the femur . Consequently , it increased BMD by increasing ( p < 0.05 ) the expression of Sparc and Bmp-2 genes .  B. longum alleviated bone loss in OVX rats and enhanced BMD by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation 
    Output:
    
Studies from some African countries suggest that fermented foods of probiotics relevance have effectively shown metal chelation properties .
Consumption of Nigerian fermented foods may hold a promise in checking the high body burden of heavy metals in Nigeria .