***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES Recent reports demonstrated in vitro the efficacy of fluvastatin in inhibiting hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) replication and a synergistic effect in association with interferon-alpha ( IFN-alpha ) . In vivo the inhibition of HCV replication by statins has not been demonstrated . We evaluated in this open-label , r and omized controlled study the efficacy of fluvastatin as adjuvant to pegylated-(PEG)-IFN and ribavirin in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients . PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four HIV/HCV co-infected patients were r and omized to receive , in addition to PEG-IFN-alpha 2b and ribavirin , 80 mg of fluvastatin once daily or no medication . Primary and secondary endpoints were the achievement of sustained virological response ( SVR ) and rapid virological response ( RVR ) , respectively . RESULTS By intent-to-treat analysis , 25 % of the patients achieved an SVR . An SVR was observed in 8/21 patients in the fluvastatin arm and in 3/23 patients in the st and ard therapy arm ( P = 0.08 ) . A significantly higher RVR rate was obtained in the fluvastatin arm compared with the st and ard therapy [ 7/21 ( 33 % ) and 1/23 ( 4 % ) , respectively ; P = 0.02 ] . Baseline alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) values and fluvastatin treatment arm were the only predictors of RVR at the univariate analysis ; however , no predictors were independently associated with RVR or SVR at the multivariate analysis . CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin addition to st and ard therapy did not significantly increase the SVR rate in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients ; however , it did significantly improve the RVR . Further studies are needed to confirm these promising results and to investigate the mechanisms of action of statins in HCV infection Objectives : The combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin is a st and ard-of-care ( SOC ) treatment for chronic hepatitis C ( CHC ) , and it achieves a sustained virological response ( SVR ) in 41 - 52 % of genotype 1 and in 73 - 79 % of genotype 3 patients . In a few clinical trials , the combination of fluvastatin and SOC increased the SVR in genotype 1 patients . Methods : This prospect i ve study enrolled 179 naïve CHC patients . In the fluvastatin  group patients received the combination of SOC and fluvastatin 80 mg daily ; historical controls matching the study group in genotype , age and gender were treated with the SOC treatment only . Results : On-treatment viral responses as well as the SVR did not differ significantly between the two groups , except for the genotype 1 patients with a high viral load presenting a significantly higher SVR rate in the fluvastatin group ( 75 % ) compared to the control group ( 41 % ; p = 0.024 ) . Multivariate logistic regression identified hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype 3 infection ( p < 0.001 ) , age ≤40 years ( p < 0.001 ) , liver steatosis < 5 % ( p < 0.01 ) and low viral load ( p < 0.001 ) as independent predictors of an SVR . Conclusion : A combination of fluvastatin and SOC  significantly improved the SVR  in naïve CHC patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and high viral load , but it did not improve the SVR in patients infected with HCV genotype 3 Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin combination therapy is the st and ard-of-care ( SOC ) treatment for chronic hepatitis C patients infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype 1b and high viral load . The addition of fluvastatin to SOC treatment has been suggested to be effective for better outcome in retrospective pilot analyses . We investigated whether the combination of fluvastatin with PEG-IFN/ribavirin could actually improve sustained viral response ( SVR ) in patients with HCV genotype 1b and high viral load . A r and omized , open-labeled , controlled study was conducted between July 2008 and December 2009 in 101 chronic hepatitis C patients allocated to PEG-IFN/ribavirin combination therapy with or without fluvastatin .  SVR rates were calculated in groups , stratifying host and viral factors . We also analyzed predictive factors for SVR among patients on fluvastatin  with multivariate regression analysis . Rapid and early virological , and end of treatment response rates in the fluvastatin group were not significantly different from those in the non-fluvastatin group . Notwithst and ing , SVR rate was significantly higher in the fluvastatin group than in the non-fluvastatin group ( 63.0%vs 41.7 % , P = 0.0422 ) . Comparison of the two groups stratifying demographic data and HCV characteristics showed significantly higher SVR rates to more than 80 % in males , more than two mutations in the interferon sensitivity determining region ( ISDR ) , and a history of relapse among the fluvastatin group than the non-fluvastatin group . Being male and major genotype IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) were independent predictive factors for SVR among patients on fluvastatin with multivariate analysis . Fluvastatin-combined with PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy significantly improves SVR rates in patients with HCV genotype 1b and high viral load . Male and major genotype IL28B SNPs were independent predictors for SVR among patients on fluvastatin combination therapy Objectives The addition of fluvastatin significantly improves sustained virological response ( SVR ) in pegylated interferon and ribavirin ( peg-IFN/RBV ) combination therapy for patients infected with the hepatitis C virus . However , the add-on effect on telaprevir-based triple combination therapy remains unknown . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluvastatin on telaprevir-based combination therapy by conducting a prospect i ve , open-label , r and omized , controlled trial . Patients and methods Among 124 genotype 1b-infected chronic hepatitis C patients recruited , 116 eligible patients were allocated r and omly to two study arms ; they received 12 weeks of telaprevir/peg-IFN/RBV , followed by 12 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV with or without 24 weeks of fluvastatin ( fluvastatin group and control group , respectively ) . Treatment outcomes and adverse effects were compared between the two groups . Results There were 56 men and 60 women , median age 60 years ( range , 28–71 years ) . Rapid virological response and end of treatment response rates were 87.9 % ( 51/58 ) and 96.6 % ( 56/58 ) in the control group and 75.9 % ( 44/58 ) and 98.3 % ( 57/58 ) in the fluvastatin group , respectively . SVR rates in the control group and the fluvastatin group were 84.5 % ( 49/58 ) and 81.0 % ( 47/58 ) , respectively ; there was no significant difference ( P=0.806 ) . Stratified analysis showed that no factors associated with the SVR rate were found between the two groups . No adverse events were associated with fluvastatin . Conclusion In this trial , administration of fluvastatin with telaprevir/peg-IFN/RBV was a safe combination . However , fluvastatin had no add-on effect on 24-week telaprevir-based combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b-infected patients Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease develops in patients with chronic hepatitis C.  Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is the st and ard treatment for chronic hepatitis C , but if present , NAFLD can reduce the virological response to anti-HCV therapies . Objectives We determined whether the addition of rosuvastatin to interferon and ribavirin improves the sustained virological response ( SVR ) and reduces steatosis . Patients and Methods This study was a prospect i ve , r and omized , open-label trial . Between January 2004 and December 2007 , 65 patients with chronic hepatitis ( 27 women and 38 men , mean age 48 years ) aged 32 - 63 years ( median 46 years ) were consecutively enrolled . Patients were r and omly assigned to receive leukocyte interferon alpha ( 3 MIU 3 times per week ) plus ribavirin ( 1200 mg per day ) for 12 months or interferon alpha and ribavirin at the same dosages plus rosuvastatin ( 5 mg per day ) . The primary endpoints were measurements in SVR , liver enzyme , cholesterol , triglyceride , CRP , glucose , and insulin levels ; and Homa-IR , fibrosis , and steatosis scores . Results After 12 months of treatment , we observed a significant improvement in SVR in 51 % of patients who received interferon plus ribavirin plus rosuvastatin compared with 18 % of relapsers ( OR 1.52 ; 95 % CI = 0.41 - 5.64 ; RR 1.13 ) . There were 23 responders ( 69 % ) and 10 nonresponders ( 30 % ) ( OR 1.38 ; 95 % CI = 0.49 - 16.5 ; RR 1.11 ) . When comparing interferon plus ribavirin group vs interferon plus ribavirin and rosuvastatin group after 12 months , we observed a significant difference in AST ( 85.70 vs.106.5.00 IU/ml ) ( OR 1.2 ; 95 % CI= 0.29 - 4.94 ; RR 1.04 ; p<0.001 ) , ALT ( 81.80 vs. 126.2 IU/ml ) ( OR 1.2 ; 95 % CI = 0.29 - 4.94 ; RR 1.04 ; p < 0.001 ) , LDL-cholesterol ( 0.01 vs. 0.60 mmol/l ) ( OR 14 ; 95 % CI = 3.98 - 49.16 ; p RR 2.96 ; < 0.001 ) , triglycerides ( 0.17 vs. 0.2 mmol/l ) ( OR 20 ; 95 % CI = 4.94 - 80.89 ; RR 5.38 ; p < 0.05 ) , and Viremia ( 1.8 vs. 2.48 UI/ml , p < 0.05 ) . Mean fibrosis score decreased 0.10 vs. 0.50 ( OR 4.5 ; 95 % CI = 0.89 - 22.66 ; RR 1.5 ; p < 0.05 ) , and mean steatosis score declined 0.30 vs. 0.50 ( OR 11.2 ; CI = 2.88 - 43.53 ; RR 2.75 ; p < 0.001 ) . Conclusions In HCV patients with NAFLD , the addition of rosuvastatin to interferon and ribavirin significantly reduces viremia , steatosis , and fibrosis without causing side effects Fluvastatin or simvastatin has demonstrable antiviral activity against  hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) as monotherapy . The safety and efficacy of adding fluvastatin or simvastatin to peginterferon/ribavirin for 48 weeks was tested in HCV genotype 1 naïve-to-treatment veterans . Thirty-seven naïve-to-treatment genotype 1 HCV patients were r and omized to either a control group ( n = 20 ) to receive peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin or an experimental group ( n = 18 ) to similarly receive peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin as well as fluvastatin 20 mg/day . In addition , seven patients who presented for HCV treatment already were on simvastatin and could not be withdrawn . These simvastatin users were not r and omized but were entered into a concurrent prospect i ve pilot arm . There were no unique safety issues with fluvastatin or simvastatin when these drugs were given with peginterferon/ribavirin for 48 weeks . Thirteen of 25 statin patients achieved sustained viral response ( SVR ) , while 5 of 20 control patients achieved SVR . Analysis of SVR by intention-to-treat showed P = 0.078 . In this phase 2 study , there were no safety issues with the addition of fluvastatin or simvastatin to peginterferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks . There was a trend towards improvement in SVR when fluvastatin or simvastatin was administered with peginterferon/ribavirin . The size of the groups did not reach the pre study size thought needed to show significant difference ( type II error ) . These results support the significant results of two other larger r and omized controlled trials reported using the same dose of fluvastatin in naïve-to-treatment genotype 1 HCV patients BACKGROUND Peginterfer 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Beneficial effects of statins use were found in the therapy and the prognosis of CHC patients .