***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: One hundred and six third trimester pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm were r and omised to either peroral amoxicillin 0.75 g 3 times daily ( n = 50 ) or placebo ( n = 56 ) in a blinded way . The patients were hospitalised in bed for 7 days unless contractions started and delivery ensued . Only 1 patient was discharged after 7 days of treatment , while the remaining ones delivered within 1 week after admission . The average rupture-to-expulsion interval was 68.4 h in the placebo group and 91.7 h in the amoxicillin group , implying a significantly prolonged stay by 43 % in the amoxicillin group ( p = 0.03 ) . The other outcome variables registered ( birth weight , stillbirth prevalence , vaginal haemorrhage and postpartum endometritis-myometritis ) did not differ significantly in the two treatment groups . There was a trend towards a longer duration of stay in the neonatal ward among newborns in the amoxicillin group suffering neonatal death ( p = 0.06 ) . It is concluded that antibiotic treatment of this group of women may be justified in setting s were sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections are prevalent , whereas such treatment is less likely to have an effect when genital infection is rare BACKGROUND Severe acute malnutrition contributes to 1 million deaths among children annually . Adding routine antibiotic agents to nutritional therapy may increase recovery rates and decrease mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition treated in the community . METHODS In this r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , we r and omly assigned Malawian children , 6 to 59 months of age , with severe acute malnutrition to receive amoxicillin , cefdinir , or placebo for 7 days in addition to ready-to-use therapeutic food for the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition . The primary outcomes were the rate of nutritional recovery and the mortality rate . RESULTS A total of 2767 children with severe acute malnutrition were enrolled . In the amoxicillin , cefdinir , and placebo groups , 88.7 % , 90.9 % , and 85.1 % of the children recovered , respectively ( relative risk of treatment failure with placebo vs. amoxicillin , 1.32 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.04 to 1.68 ; relative risk with placebo vs. cefdinir , 1.64 ; 95 % CI , 1.27 to 2.11 ) . The mortality rates for the three groups were 4.8 % , 4.1 % , and 7.4 % , respectively ( relative risk of death with placebo vs. amoxicillin , 1.55 ; 95 % CI , 1.07 to 2.24 ; relative risk with placebo vs. cefdinir , 1.80 ; 95 % CI , 1.22 to 2.64 ) . Among children who recovered , the rate of weight gain was increased among those who received antibiotics . No interaction between type of severe acute malnutrition and intervention group was observed for either the rate of nutritional recovery or the mortality rate . CONCLUSIONS The addition of antibiotics to therapeutic regimens for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition was associated with a significant improvement in recovery and mortality rates . ( Funded by the Hickey Family Foundation and others ; Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT01000298 . ) In a prospect i ve r and omised double-blind controlled trial that involved 73 patients with non-invasive wound infections receiving local wound treatment , the effect of adjuvant systemic antibiotic therapy was compared with that of a placebo . On inspection , more wounds were assessed as clinical ly clean after administration of an antibiotic than after the placebo was given although this difference was not statistically significant . Microbiological evaluation , however , showed a significantly higher cure of sepsis and elimination of individual organisms ( P less than 0.05 ) after antibiotic therapy . Furthermore , eradication of antibiotic-susceptible organisms was significantly greater than that of resistant organisms ( P less than 0.005 ) , indicating adequate penetration of antibiotic into the septic wound exu date . The results suggest that appropriate adjuvant systemic antibiotic therapy in the management of infected wounds promotes bacterial clearance and this may enhance healing of wounds Background For children at high risk of chronic suppurative otitis media ( CSOM ) , strategies to prevent acute otitis media with perforation ( AOMwiP ) may reduce progression to CSOM . Methods In a double blind study in northern Australia , 103 Aboriginal infants with first detection of OME were r and omised to receive either amoxicillin ( 50 mg/kg/d BD ) or placebo for 24 weeks , or until bilateral aerated middle ears were diagnosed at two successive monthly examinations ( success ) . St and ardised clinical assessment s and international st and ards for microbiology were used . Results Five of 52 infants in the amoxicillin group and none of 51 infants in the placebo group achieved success at the end of therapy ( Risk Difference = 9.6 % [ 95 % confidence interval 1.6,17.6 ] ) . Amoxicillin significantly reduced the proportion of children with i ) perforation at the end of therapy ( 27 % to 12 % RD = -16 % [ -31,-1 ] ) , ii ) recurrent perforation during therapy ( 18 % to 4 % RD = -14 % [ -25,-2 ] ) , and iii ) reduced the proportion of examinations with a diagnosis of perforation during therapy ( 20 % to 8 % adjusted risk ratio 0.36 [ 0.15,0.83 ] p = 0.017 ) . During therapy , the proportion of examinations with penicillin non-susceptible ( MIC > 0.1 microg/ml ) pneumococci was not significantly different between the amoxicillin group ( 34 % ) and the placebo group ( 40 % ) . Beta-lactamase positive non-capsular H. influenzae ( NCHi ) were uncommon during therapy but more frequent in the amoxicillin group ( 10 % ) than placebo ( 5 % ) . Conclusion Aboriginal infants receiving continuous amoxicillin had more normal ears , fewer perforations , and less pneumococcal carriage . There was no statistically significant increase in resistant pneumococci or NCHi in amoxicillin children compared to placebo children who received regular paediatric care and antibiotic treatment for symptomatic illnesses Background Despite guideline recommendations , there are no published r and omised controlled trial data on the efficacy of antibiotics for  chronic wet cough in children . The majority of children with chronic wet cough have protracted bacterial bronchitis ( PBB ) , a recognised condition in multiple national guidelines . The authors conducted a parallel 1:1 placebo r and omised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that a 2-week course of amoxycillin clavulanate is efficacious in the treatment of children with chronic wet cough . Methods 50 children ( median age 1.9 years , IQR 0.9–5.1 ) with chronic ( > 3 weeks ) wet cough were r and omised to 2 weeks of twice daily oral amoxycillin clavulanate  ( 22.5 mg/kg/dose ) or placebo . The primary outcome was ‘ cough resolution ’ defined as a > 75 % reduction in the vali date d verbal category descriptive cough score within 14 days of treatment compared with baseline scores , or cessation of cough for > 3 days . In selected children , flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) were undertaken at baseline . Results Cough resolution rates ( 48 % ) were significantly higher in children who received amoxycillin clavulanate compared with those who received placebo ( 16 % ) , p=0.016 . The observed difference between proportions was 0.32 ( 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.56 ) . Post treatment , median verbal category descriptive score in the amoxycillin clavulanate group of 0.5 ( IQR 0.0–2.0 ) was significantly lower than in the placebo group , 2.25 ( IQR 1.15–2.9 ) ( p=0.02 ) . Pre-treatment BAL data were consistent with PBB in the majority of children , with no significant difference between groups . Conclusion A 2-week course of amoxycillin clavulanate will achieve cough resolution in a significant number of children with chronic wet cough . BAL data support the diagnosis of PBB in the majority of these children . Clinical trial number ACTRN 12605000533695 Objective To determine the st and ard of reporting of harms-related data , in r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) according to the Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) statement extension for harms . Design Systematic review . Data sources The Cochrane library , Ovid MEDLINE , Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge were search ed for relevant literature . Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included publications of studies that used the CONSORT harms extension to assess the reporting of harms in RCTs . Results We identified 7 studies which included between 10 and 205 RCTs . The clinical areas of the 7 studies were : hypertension ( 1 ) , urology ( 1 ) , epilepsy ( 1 ) , complimentary medicine ( 2 ) and two not restricted to a clinical topic . Quality of the 7 studies was assessed by a risk of bias tool and was found to be variable . Adherence to the CONSORT harms criteria reported in the 7 studies was inadequate and variable across the items in the checklist . Adverse events are poorly defined , with 6 studies failing to exceed 50 % adherence to the items in the checklist . Conclusions Readers of RCT publications need to be able to balance the trade-offs between benefits and harms of interventions . This systematic review suggests that this is compromised due to poor reporting of harms which is evident across a range of clinical areas . Improvements in quality could be achieved by wider adoption of the CONSORT harms criteria by journals reporting RCTs BACKGROUND Recommendations vary regarding immediate antimicrobial treatment versus watchful waiting for children younger than 2 years of age with acute otitis media . METHODS We r and omly assigned 291 children 6 to 23 months of age , with acute otitis media diagnosed with the use of stringent criteria , to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate or placebo for 10 days . We measured symptomatic response and rates of clinical failure . RESULTS Among the children who received amoxicillin-clavulanate , 35 % had initial resolution of symptoms by day 2 , 61 % by day 4 , and 80 % by day 7 ; among children who received placebo , 28 % had initial resolution of symptoms by day 2 , 54 % by day 4 , and 74 % by day 7 ( P=0.14 for the overall comparison ) . For sustained resolution of symptoms , the corresponding values were 20 % , 41 % , and 67 % with amoxicillin-clavulanate , as compared with 14 % , 36 % , and 53 % with placebo ( P=0.04 for the overall comparison ) . Mean symptom scores over the first 7 days were lower for the children treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate than for those who received placebo ( P=0.02 ) . The rate of clinical failure -- defined as the persistence of signs of acute infection on otoscopic examination -- was also lower among the children treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate than among those who received placebo : 4 % versus 23 % at or before the visit on day 4 or 5 ( P<0.001 ) and 16 % versus 51 % at or before the visit on day 10 to 12 ( P<0.001 ) . Mastoiditis developed in one child who received placebo .  Diarrhea and diaper-area dermatitis were more common among children who received amoxicillin-clavulanate . There were no significant changes in either group in the rates of nasopharyngeal colonization with nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae . CONCLUSIONS Among children 6 to 23 months of age with acute otitis media , treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate for 10 days tended to reduce the time to resolution of symptoms and reduced the overall symptom burden and the rate of persistent signs of acute infection on otoscopic examination . ( Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ; Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT00377260 . ) BACKGROUND AND AIM Several studies have reported adjunctive benefits to scaling and root planing ( SRP ) of systemic amoxycillin and metronidazole in the treatment of periodontal diseases . To date no comparisons have been made of these antimicrobials alone or in combination . The aim of this study was to compare the adjunctive benefits to SRP of amoxycillin and metronidazole alone and combined . METHODS 66 subjects < 46 years of age with advanced chronic periodontal disease participated in this r and omised , double blind , 4 parallel treatment group design ed study . All subjects received quadrant SRP and then were prescribed amoxycillin capsules ( 250 mg ) and metronidazole 
    Output:
    
Rashes , nausea , itching , vomiting and abnormal results on liver function tests were not significantly increased .
INTERPRETATION Diarrhea was caused by use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , and c and idiasis was caused by both amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid .