***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND And rogenetic alopecia is a common condition , with severe attendant psychosocial implication s , and for which it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory degree of clinical improvement . OBJECTIVE To explore the possible clinical benefit of injecting platelet-derived growth factors into the scalp of patients using a specific autologous blood concentrate . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Two injections of a leukocyte platelet – rich plasma ( L-PRP ) with the addition of concentrated plasmatic proteins were administered at baseline and after 3 months ( single spin at baseline and double-spin centrifugation at 3 months ) .  Macrophotographs  were taken at baseline and after 6 months , and 2 independent evaluators rated them using Jaeschke rating of clinical change . RESULTS Sixty-four consecutive patients were enrolled . Some improvement was seen in all patients by 1 evaluator and in 62 by the other . The mean change in clinical rating was 3.2 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 2.9–3.5 ) and 3.9 ( 95 % CI , 3.5–4.3 ) , and the proportion of patients reaching a clinical ly important difference was 40.6 % and 54.7 % , according to the 2 evaluators , respectively . CONCLUSION Our pilot study may provide preliminary evidence that this treatment may induce some degree of clinical advantage for male- and female-pattern baldness . This may warrant the design of r and omized controlled clinical trials to formally test this procedure Background Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has shown remarkable beneficial effects without any major adverse reactions in the treatment of and rogenic alopecia .The growth factors in activated autologous PRP induces the proliferation of dermal papilla cells . Objectives To investigate the clinical efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma prepared using Merisis One Step Gel Separation Technology in treatment of and rogenic alopecia . Methods Five patients were given autologous PRP injections on the affected area of alopecia over a period of three months at interval of two - three weeks and results were assessed . Results Three months after the treatment , the patients presented clinical improvement in the hair counts , hair thickness , hair root strength and overall alopecia . Conclusion PRP appears to be a cheap , effective and promising therapy for and rogenic alopecia with no major adverse effects BACKGROUND Treatments for alopecia are in high dem and , but not all are safe and reliable . Dalteparin and protamine microparticles ( D/P MPs ) can effectively carry growth factors ( GFs ) in platelet‐rich plasma ( PRP ) . OBJECTIVE To identify the effects of PRP‐containing D/P MPs ( PRP&D/P MPs ) on hair growth . METHODS & MATERIAL S Participants were 26 volunteers with thin hair who received five local treatments of 3 mL of PRP&D/P MPs ( 13 participants ) or PRP and saline ( control , 13 participants ) at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals and were evaluated for 12 weeks . Injected areas comprised frontal or parietal sites with lanugo‐like hair . Experimental and control areas were photographed . Consenting participants underwent biopsies for histologic examination . RESULTS D/P MPs bind to various GFs contained in PRP . Significant differences were seen in hair cross‐section but not in hair numbers in PRP and PRP&D/P MP injections . The addition of D/P MPs to PRP result ed in significant stimulation in hair cross‐section . Microscopic findings showed thickened epithelium , proliferation of collagen fibers and fibroblasts , and increased vessels around follicles . CONCLUSION PRP&D/P MPs and PRP  facilitated hair growth  but D/P MPs  provided additional hair growth . The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the effects of PRP injections into the scalp of patients with and rogenic alopecia . A literature review was conducted using the Pubmed and Google Scholar data bases with the search terms " platelet-rich plasma " or " platelet-rich fibrin " and " hair " or " alopecia " or " and rogenic alopecia " . The publications included had to clinical ly assess the efficacy of PRP injections in patients with and rogenic alopecia . Out of the 32 publications retrieved , 14 publications were included , of which 3 r and omized , 4 prospect i ve controlled , 4 prospect i ve uncontrolled and 3 retrospective studies . Seven out of 9 studies reported a significant increase of hair density ranging between 12.3 and 45.9 hairs/cm2 , ( i.e. 19 - 31 % hairs/cm2 ) . Four studies assessed hair loss with the traction test and found a negative result after treatment in more than 95 % of patients . Regarding hair thickness , 1 study reported an increase in hair diameter of 46.4 % and 1 reported an increase of 106.4 % of the " Hair mass index " . Overall , the use of PRP injections in patients with and rogenic alopecia seems effective with respect to promoting lost hair regrowth , decreasing hair loss and increasing hair thickness . The effects appear to be progressive from the first injection session , to peak after 3 to 5 sessions and to be attenuated in the absence of further injections . No major adverse effect was reported in the 14 clinical studies Context : There are very few studies evaluating efficacy of platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) in hair restoration and its combination with microneedling . As far as ascertained , there is no study to evaluate efficacy of microneedling with PRP plus topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) versus topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) alone in and rogenetic alopecia ( AGA ) . Aims : This study aims ( 1 ) to compare the efficacy of ( a ) topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) alone and ( b ) topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) + microneedling with PRP in men between 18 and 50 years with AGA Grade III to V vertex ( Norwood – Hamilton scale ) and ( 2 ) to perform objective and subjective evaluation based on clinical improvement and photographic evidence . Setting s and Design : The study was conducted in the outpatient department of dermatology , venereology , and leprology in tertiary care hospital . It was open , prospect i ve study . Subjects and Methods : Fifty patients with AGA were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria . These patients were r and omly divided into two groups of 25 patients each and were given following treatment : ( i ) Group A : topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) alone and ( ii ) Group B : topical minoxidil ( 5 % ) + microneedling with platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) . Statistical Analysis Used : Patients were assessed before starting the treatment and at the end of 6 months on the basis of ( a ) Patient 's self- assessment based on st and ardized seven-point scale compared with baseline ( b ) Physician 's assessment based on st and ardized seven-point scale of hair growth compared with baseline . Results : There was a significant improvement ( P < 0.05 ) in both patients ' assessment and investigator 's assessment in Group B as compared to Group A at the end of 6 months . Conclusions : Microneedling with PRP is safe , effective , and a promising tool for the management of AGA The objective is to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Concentrated Spray ( Keratogrow ® ) , for  hair loss .  Autologous -PRP spray , prepared from a small volume of blood , was applied on the selected patients ' scalps at least twice daily . Three months treatments were given for each patient . The effectiveness of the medication was measured by changes in hair regrowth after 3 months determined by physical exam and digital photography . At the end of the 3 cycles of treatment , the patients presented clinical improvement in the mean number of hairs , with a mean increase of hairs in the target area , and a mean increase in total hair density compared with baseline values UNLABELLED Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery , and preliminary evidence suggests that it might have a beneficial role in hair regrowth . Here , we report the results of a r and omized , evaluator-blinded , placebo-controlled , half-head group study to compare , with the aid of computerized trichograms , hair regrowth with PRP versus placebo . The safety and clinical efficacy of autologous PRP injections for pattern hair loss were investigated . PRP , prepared from a small volume of blood , was injected on half of the selected patients ' scalps with pattern hair loss . The other half was treated with placebo . Three treatments were administered to each patient at 30-day intervals . The endpoints were hair regrowth , hair dystrophy as measured by dermoscopy , burning or itching sensation , and cell proliferation as measured by Ki67 evaluation . Patients were followed for 2 years . Of the 23 patients enrolled , 3 were excluded . At the end of the 3 treatment cycles , the patients presented clinical improvement in the mean number of hairs , with a mean increase of 33.6 hairs in the target area , and a mean increase in total hair density of 45.9 hairs per cm² compared with baseline values . No side effects were noted during treatment . Microscopic evaluation showed the increase of epidermis thickness and of the number of hair follicles 2 weeks after the last PRP treatment compared with baseline value ( p < .05 ) . We also observed an increase of Ki67(+ ) keratinocytes in the epidermis and of hair follicular bulge cells , and a slight increase of small blood vessels around hair follicles in the treated skin compared with baseline ( p < .05 ) . Relapse of and rogenic alopecia was not evaluated in all patients until 12 months after the last treatment . After 12 months , 4 patients reported progressive hair loss ; this was more evident 16 months after the last treatment . Those four patients were re-treated . Our data clearly highlight the positive effects of PRP injections on male pattern hair loss and absence of major side effects .  PRP may serve as a safe and effective treatment option against hair loss ; more extensive controlled studies are needed . SIGNIFICANCE Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery , and preliminary evidence suggests that it might have a beneficial role in hair regrowth . Here , the results of a r and omized , placebo-controlled , half-head group study to compare the hair regrowth with PRP versus placebo are reported . Hair regrowth was quantified by a blinded evaluator using computerized trichograms . The safety and clinical efficacy of autologous PRP injections for pattern hair loss were investigated . Of the 23 patients enrolled , 3 were excluded . At the end of the 3 treatment cycles , the patients presented clinical improvement in the mean number of hairs , with a mean increase of 33.6 hairs in the target area and a mean increase in total hair density of 45.9 hairs per cm² compared with baseline values . No side effects were noted during treatment . The data clearly highlight the positive effects of PRP injections on  male pattern hair loss  and absence of major side effects .  PRP may serve as a safe and effective treatment option against hair loss ; more extensive controlled studies are needed BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) was identified as having a beneficial effect in alopecia and has been postulated as a new therapy for and rogenetic alopecia ( AGA ) . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of PRP for the treatment of AGA . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This was a r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study in 25 patients with AGA .  Platelet-rich plasma was injected in half-head and the other half-head with placebo . Each patient received a total of 3 treatments of PRP , 1 month apart . RESULTS Six months after the first treatment with PRP , significant differences were seen in mean anagen hairs ( 67.6 ± 13.1 ) , telogen hairs ( 32.4 ± 13.1 ) , hair density ( 179.9 ± 62.7 ) , and terminal hair density ( 165.8 ± 56.8 ) when compared with baseline ( p < .05 ) . Platelet-rich plasma was also found to increase hair density when comparing with the control side ( p < .05 ) . For the first time , the authors found a correlation between anagen hairs and patients > 40 years and beginning of AGA ≥25 years old ( p < .05 ) and hair density and male sex , age ⩽40 years , positive family history of AGA and > 10 years of duration of the disease ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Application of PRP showed a positive effect on AGA and could be regarded as an adjuvant therapy for AGA BACKGROUND Autologous growth factors have proved to promote tissue regeneration in various medical fields . Recent findings suggest that platelet rich plasma may also play an important role in hair follicle restoration . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of plasma rich in growth factors ( PRGFs ) for the treatment of and rogenetic alopecia ( AGA ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Five PRGF injections were administered over 19 patients with AGA . Phototrichograms regarding follicle density/diameter and terminal/vellus hair ratio were performed at baseline and after 1 year follow-up period . Consenting participants underwent histologic scalp examination . At the end of the study , overall patient satisfaction and clinical improvement were determined . RESULTS After PRGF therapy , mean hair density/diameter increased and terminal/vellus hair ratio was also improved . Patients presented epidermal thickness , perifollicular neoangiogenesis , cell proliferation , and terminal/miniaturized hair ratio improvement . Plasma rich in growth factors 
    Output:
    
The current reporting of PRP preparation methodology and final composition is inconsistent and insufficient to enable comparison between studies and determination of efficacy for particular treatment applications