***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: W.H.O. and U.S. Dept . of Health and Human Services advocate a fat-modified , fruits and vegetable-enriched diet in conjunction with mode-rate physical activity for fitness and health . The Diet and Moderate Exercise Trial ( DAMET ) is a r and omized and controlled study and has provided scientific proof , possibly for the first time , to the above hypothesis ( based on epidemiologic studies , short clinical trials and experimental studies ) that the new approach can cause modulation of risk factors of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) as well as improve fitness . In the DAMET , 231 group A and 232 group B patients with risk factors of CHD were administered a prudent diet for 4 weeks , group A patients in addition were also given at least 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables that are rich in dietary fibre and antioxidants such as vitamins A , C , E , carotene and copper , selenium and magnesium . Fruits and vegetables were administered in a foods-to-eat approach by asking the patients to eat these foods before meals when they were hungry to allow better nutrient adequacy . After 4 weeks , group A patients also did moderate exercise such as brisk walking and spot running compared to no such advice to group B for another 20 weeks . After a follow-up period of 24 weeks , adding exercise to diet was associated with a significant decrease in blood total cholesterol ( 8.9 % ) and LDL-cholesterol ( 6.7 % ) and triglycerides ( 11.9 % ) and a marked increase in HDL-cholesterol ( 16.5 % ) . Mean blood pressures , fasting blood glucose , body weight , body mass index , waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous fat also showed a significant decrease in group A , leading to a significant decrease in 12-year CHD risk . A long-term follow-up may be necessary to demonstrate the role of this new approach in decreasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality AIMS Western Europeans have low blood levels of selenium ( BSe ) , an antioxidant trace element . In a Flemish population , we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of blood pressure ( BP ) with BSe . METHODS AND RESULTS We r and omly recruited 710 subjects ( mean age 48.8 years ; 51.8 % women ) . We measured BP and BSe  and kept participants in follow-up for BP . At baseline , systolic/diastolic BP averaged ( SD ) 130/77 ( 17.3/9.2 ) mmHg . BSe was 97.0 ( 19.0 ) microg/L. Of 385 participants with normal baseline BP ( < 130 and < 85 mmHg ) , over 5.2 years ( range 3.4 - 8.4 years ) , 139 developed high-normal BP  ( 130 - 139/85 - 90 mmHg ) or hypertension ( > or=140/90 mmHg ) . In multivariate-adjusted cross-sectional analyses of men , a 20 microg/L ( approximately 1 SD ) higher BSe was associated with lower BP with effect sizes of 2.2 mmHg systolic ( 95 % CI -0.57 to -5.05 ; P = 0.009 ) and 1.5 mmHg diastolic ( 95 % CI -0.56 to -2.44 ; P = 0.017 ) . In prospect i ve analyses of men , a 20 microg/L higher baseline BSe was associated with a 37 % ( 95 % CI -52 to -17 ; P = 0.001 ) lower risk of developing high-normal BP or hypertension . None of these associations was significant in women . CONCLUSION Deficiency of selenium might be an underestimated risk factor for the development of high BP in European men Background Antioxidant supplementations have the potential to alleviate the atherosclerotic damage caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) . The present study evaluated the effects of prolonged antioxidant treatment on arterial elasticity , inflammatory and metabolic measures in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors . Methods Study participants were r and omly assigned to two groups . Group 1 received oral supplementation with 2 capsules per day of Mid Life Guard , SupHerb , Israel . In each capsule vitamin C ( 500 mg ) vitamin E ( 200 iu ) , co-enzyme Q10 ( 60 mg ) and selenium ( 100 mcg ) , Group 2 received matching placebo(SupHerb ) for 6 months . Patients were evaluated for lipid profile , HbA1C , insulin , C-peptide , hs-CRP , endothelin , aldosterone , plasma renin activity and Homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) . Arterial elasticity was evaluated using pulse wave contour analysis ( HDI CR 2000 , Eagan , Minnesota ) . Results Antioxidant-treated patients exhibited significant increases in large arterial elasticity index ( LAEI ) as well as small arterial elasticity index ( SAEI ) . A significant decline HbA1C and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol were also observed . In the placebo group , significant changes in LAEI , SAEI or metabolic measures were not observed . Conclusions Antioxidant supplementation significantly increased large and small artery elasticity in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors . This beneficial vascular effect was associated with an improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as decrease in blood pressure Blood selenium ( Se ) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase ( GSHPX ) activities were measured in 118 men ( 39 + /- SD 15 yr ) and 112 women ( 42 + /- 16 yr ) r and omly selected from the total respondents ( 1192 ) to health survey in Milton , a low soil-selenium area in Otago .  GSHPx activities were marginally lower for men ( 11.9 + /- 3.2 units/g Hb ) than for women ( 12.9 + /- 3.8 units/g Hb ) . Blood , erythrocyte and plasma selenium concentrations were about the same for both sexes and means for all subjects ( 61 + /- 15 ; 73 + /- 19 ; 49 + /- 12 ng Se/ml ) were almost identical with a control group of Otago blood donors . No differences in blood levels could be associated with smoking , use of oral contraceptives , arthritis and /or rheumatism , or anti-hypertensive drugs . No relationship was found for the men or women between any of the parameters of selenium status and any of the parameters of risk factors for cardiovascular disease measured in the health survey : age , Quetelet 's index , total skinfolds , systolic and diastolic pressure , pulse rate , plasma lipids and lipoprotein lipid concentrations . Moreover no relationship was found for the subgroups ( 36 % group ) of men and of women with plasma selenium below 45 ng Se/ml . This study indicates that if selenium is important it does not operate through the risk factors of cardiovascular disease as presently understood This study is aim ed at examining whether essential arterial hypertension ( HTN ) or ACE inhibitors have any effect on erythrocyte selenium (Se)-dependent and Se-non-dependent glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity . Eleven patients with HTN ( 2 men and 9 women ) and 9 healthy volunteers were included in this study after clinical examination and laboratory investigation . The activities of all three enzymes were determined and then the patients were assigned to receive ACE inhibitor therapy consisting of captopril , 25 to 50 mg daily , or enalapril , 10 to 40 mg daily . After 1 year , the determination of antioxidant enzymes was repeated . Our results showed that the initial values of Se-dependent GSH-Px in patients treated with ACE inhibitors were significantly lower ( 19.60 + /- 3.50 microM NADPH/min(-1)/mgHb(-1 ) ) compared with the controls ( 28.64 + /- 4.93 microM NADPH/min(-1)/mgHb(-1 ) ; p < 0.001 ) , whereas the activity of Se-non-dependent GSH-Px was significantly enhanced ( 13.55 + /- 1.46 microM NADPH/min(-1)/mgHb(-1 ) ; p < 0.001 ) compared with the control group ( 9.44 + /- 0.81 microM NADPH/min(-1)/mgHb(-1 ) ; p < 0.001 ) . ACE inhibitors did not significantly change the activity of Se-dependent GSH-Px or Se-non-dependent GSH-Px . No significant alteration was observed in SOD activity The independent association of serum concentrations of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids , apolipoproteins AI and B , selenium and vitamins A and E with the risk of death from coronary artery disease ( CAD ) was studied in 92 persons with no previous myocardial infa rct ion , who died from CAD during a 5-year follow-up , and their 92 1-to-1 matched controls . Case-control pairs came from a r and omly drawn population sample of approximately 12,000 persons aged 30 to 64 years from 2 provinces of eastern Finl and , an area with exceptionally high CAD mortality . Control subjects were matched for sex , age , serum cholesterol , mean arterial pressure , tobacco consumption and history of cardiovascular diseases . The persons who died of CAD had lower serum esterified arachidonic acid concentrations before follow-up than the control subjects ( 41 vs 48 mg/liter , p = 0.05 ) , and this difference was greater for pairs with no chest pain on effort ( 36 vs 50 mg/liter , p less than 0.05 ) . The adjusted risk of CAD death in persons with a serum polyunsaturated to saturated ( P/S ) fatty acid ratio of 0.28 or less ( in the lowest tertile ) was 3.5-fold ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.5 to 8.2 ) compared with those with higher serum P/s ratios in a multivariate logistic model and 5.6-fold ( 95 % CI 1.6 to 19.8 ) for pairs with no chest pain on effort . A low serum apolipoprotein AI concentration ( 1.25 g/liter or less , in the lowest tertile ) was associated with a 2.5-fold ( 95 % CI 1.1 to 5.7 ) adjusted risk of CAD death among the chest pain-free persons . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS 
    Output:
    
Based on the present systematic review , there is no conclusive evidence supporting an association between Se and hypertension .