***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate an early loading protocol for surface modified implants placed in the posterior m and ible . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 134 implants with a TiO(2 ) blasted , fluoride modified surface were inserted into the posterior m and ibles of 44 patients . The implants were functionally loaded after 7 weeks of healing . Implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) values ( during the first year ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , plaque accumulation and marginal bone level ( MBL ) were assessed until the end of the observation period of 5 years . A total of 41 patients with 123 implants completed the study . RESULTS No implants were lost . ISQ values decreased significantly from the time of insertion to 2 weeks and increased significantly until the 1-year follow up . BOP varied until the end of the observation period between 7.9 % and 13.0 % . Plaque accumulation decreased from the time of early loading to the end of the study . MBL changed from 0.59 mm at the time of implant placement to 0.80 mm at the time of early loading . Thereafter , only slight variations in MBL occurred until the end of the observation period . CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that early loading is a promising option also in posterior edentulism of the m and ible This paper describes the 5-year results of a comparative study between Astra Tech and Brånemark system implants . The aim was to compare the systems primarily with regard to bone level changes , and also with regard to other variables of interest . Sixty-six patients with edentulous jaws were included in the study . R and omisation schedules were used to allocate the patients to the two implant systems . 184 Astra Tech implants with a titanium-blasted surface and 187 Brånemark implants with a turned surface were used . The implants were inserted with a two-stage technique and the insertion followed the routines for the respective implant system . All patients were provided with full-arch fixed bridges . All patients were followed up with clinical and radiographic examinations from fixture insertion to the 5-year follow-up . The total mean bone level change in the upper jaw between fixture insertion and the 5-year examination was -1.74+/-0.45 mm at the Astra implants and -1.98+/-0.21 at the Brånemark implants . The corresponding values for the lower jaw were -1.06+/-0.19 for Astra and -1.38+/-0.17 for Brånemark . The major postoperative changes of the marginal bone level took place between fixture insertion and baseline . During this period , there was also a different pattern of bone remodelling between the implant systems . Between baseline ( prosthesis connection ) and the 5-year examination , the marginal bone level changes were small , with no difference between the implant systems . The implant stability was examined with the supraconstructions removed . At the 5-year examination , the survival rate for Astra Tech implants was 98.4 % and for the Brånemark implants it was 94.6 % . The difference was not statistically significant BACKGROUND There have been very few long-term controlled studies ( i.e. , over 5 years duration ) focusing on marginal conditions for implants with a s and blasted , large grit , and acid-etched ( SLA ) surface . PURPOSE To evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes of  implants with an SLA surface placed in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) cohort of 24 patients , the outcomes of implants with an SLA surface were registered . The RCT cohort has previously been reported after 1 year , 3 years , and 5 years of loading . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , the implant survival rate was 95.1 % . If implants of unknown status were also considered lost , that is , one drop-out patient with three implants for whom no information could be obtained , the implant survival rate was 93 % . The mean marginal bone loss from baseline ( 139 implants ) to 10 years ( 102 implants ) was 1.07 mm ( st and ard deviation 0.98 ) . One implant out of 102 available for radiographic examination according to the original protocol showed a bone loss exceeding 4 mm . Of the 84 implants available for clinical examination , none showed a Plaque Index or sulcus bleeding index of 3 . The mean implant stability quotient was significantly higher for mesial-distal versus buccal-palatal measurements . CONCLUSION The implant survival was 95.1 % . The mean value of bone loss after 10 years was 1.07 mm . Peri-implantitis were noted at the 5-year follow-up for one patient with a previous history of periodontitis ; this patient did not attend the 10-year follow-up . This study shows that s and blasted and acid-etched implants offers predictable long-term results as support for full-arch maxillary prostheses BACKGROUND Many longitudinal studies of different implant systems have been published but few controlled r and omized investigations have been reported . A 1-year report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implant System implants ( Straumann AG , Waldenburg , Switzerl and ) and Brånemark System implants ( Nobel Biocare AB , Gothenburg , Sweden ) has been published by the present authors . This paper is a 3-year follow-up of that r and omized study . PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of fixed partial prostheses supported by ITI or Brånemark implants . The outcome was evaluated primarily in terms of survival rates and changes in marginal bone level . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised 28 patients with anterior residual dentition in the maxilla . The patients were provided with two to  four implants  on each side of the dentition and were r and omly allocated to Brånemark implants or ITI implants ;  77 ITI implants and 73 Brånemark implants  were inserted . After 6 months abutment connections were made to both ITI and Brånemark implants . All patients were provided with fixed partial prostheses of gold-ceramic . The patients were followed up annually with clinical and radiographic examinations for 3 years RESULTS Two Brånemark implants and two ITI implants were lost . The Brånemark implants were lost before loading whereas the ITI implants were lost because of periimplantitis . The survival rate for both groups was 97.3 % . The mean marginal bone level of the Brånemark implants was situated 1.8 mm from the reference point at both the baseline and the 3-year examinations . The corresponding values for the ITI implants were 1.4 mm at baseline and 1.3 mm after 3 years . There was no significant difference between the implant systems with regard to bone level or bone level change . A steady state of the marginal bone level was calculated to have been reached after 3 years for 95.5 % of the Brånemark implants and 87.1 % of the ITI implants .  Periimplantitis ( infection including pus and bone loss ) was observed with seven ITI implants but with none of the Brånemark implants . This difference was statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences were found between the implants studied , except for the frequency of periimplantitis , which was higher for the ITI implants . The survival rates were high , and the marginal bone loss was small for both systems A total of 114 ITI solid-screw implants was consecutively placed in 55 partially edentulous patients and restored with 68 fixed prostheses . The patients were followed for at least 5 years in a prospect i ve study that focused on implant success and longitudinal reactions of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues . During the study period , 5 implants failed and 15 implants were lost to follow-up , result ing in a cumulative survival rate of 95.3 % after 5 years of loading . The success analysis included additional strictly defined events ( " first occurrence of marginal bone loss > or = 4 mm , " " first occurrence of pocket depth > or = 4 mm , " and " first occurrence of crevicular fluid volume > or = 2.5 mm " ) and result ed in a cumulative 5-year success rate of 89.0 % . Median loss of marginal bone , as observed on radiographs , was 0.7 mm between implant placement and prosthetic treatment and 0.5 mm between prosthesis placement and the 5-year evaluation . Compared to the previous year 's value , the annual increase in marginal bone loss did not reach a level of statistical significance between 1 and 5 years of function , so that a steady state prevailed . The incidence of lingual-palatal surfaces affected with remarkable plaque deposits increased from 13 % after prosthesis placement to 23 % after 5 years . Sulcus Bleeding index , probing depth , attachment level , and crevicular fluid volume were used to describe the health of the peri-implant soft tissues . The research parameters remained almost unchanged and indicated a soft tissue response within physiologic levels . Most mechanical complications were experienced during the first year of loading and were related to loosening of occlusal screws , which occurred in 8 ( 12 % ) of 68 restorations The aim of the present work was to evaluate the long-term results of  dental implants  and the risk factors associated with implant survival and success rates .  108 patients were examined and the control consisted of medical history taking , clinical and radiographic examinations . The survival rate of dental implants was 96.0 % and the success rate was 94.3 % . Mucositis was found to be related to patients ' age and the number of implant units placed . Peri-implantitis was often found in patients showing low st and ards of oral hygiene as well as in those who were not coming on regular dental visits . Mucositis was in every 5th implant site and was mostly seen in patients with prosthetic constructions consisting of 3 or more units as well as in older patients . Oral hygiene and dental control visits are important to maintain good oral health INTRODUCTION Many studies have dealt with the clinical outcome of oral implants , yet none applied a r and omized split-mouth design for a long-term follow-up of similar implant systems . AIM To evaluate two oral implant systems with different surface characteristics in a r and omized split-mouth design and to radiologically analyse peri-implant bone level and density over an up to 16-year period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The study comprised clinical and radiographic records of 18 partially edentulous patients treated with both implant types r and omly placed in either left or right jaw sides . Outcome was evaluated over time . RESULTS Clinical and radiographic parameters showed no significant differences over time for both systems . Ten years after implant placement , a significantly increasing peri-implant bone density was noted , while Periotest values were found to be significantly decreasing . Fifteen years after implant loading , mean bone loss was 0.02 mm ( range -1.15 to 1.51 ; SD 0.45 ) for Astra Tech ® implants ( n=24 ) and 0.31 mm ( range -0.98 to 2.31 ; SD 0.69 ) for Brånemark ® implants ( n=23 ) . CONCLUSIONS The study failed to demonstrate significant differences in the outcome of the peri-implant bone for two implant systems with different surface characteristics . The marginal bone level around oral implants changed < 0.5 mm after 15 years of loading AIM The aim of this 10-year study ( observation time 8 - 12 years , mean : 10 years ) was to compare the survival rates , success rates and incidences of biological complications using three different implant design s of the ITI Dental Implant System . MATERIAL AND METHODS In 89 dental patients treated comprehensively , a total of 112 hollow screw ( HS ) , 49 hollow cylinder ( HC ) and 18 angulated hollow cylinder ( AHC ) implants  were installed depending on the available bone volume and according to prosthetic needs . One and 10 years after surgical placement , clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed . The incidences of peri-implantitis according to various thresholds were registered over 10 years of maintenance . RESULTS Success criteria at 10 years were set at : pocket probing depth ( PPD ) < or = 5 mm , bleeding on probing (BoP)- , bone loss < 0.2 mm annually . The survival rate for HS was 95.4 % , for HC 85.7 % and for AHC 91.7 % . Ninety percent of all the HS , 71 % of the HC and 88 % of the AHC did not present with an incidence of peri-implantitis over the 10 years , HC having significantly higher incidence of peri-implantitis than HS ( P < 0.004 ) . With the success criteria set above , a success rate for HS of 74 % , for HC of 63 % and for AHC of 61 % was identified at 10 years . However , including a definition of PPD < or = 6 mm , BoP - and bone loss < 0.2 mm annually for success , the rates for HS were 78 % , for HC 65 % and for AHC 67 % , respectively . Basing success criteria purely on clinical parameters ( without radiographic analysis ) , such as : PPD < or = 5 mm and BoP- , the success rates increased to 90 % , 76 % and 89 % , respectively . With PPD < or = 6 mm and BoP - as success criteria chosen , the respective rates were 94 % , 82 % and 94 % for HS , HC and AHC implants , respectively . CONCLUSIONS A significantly higher survival rate as well as a significantly lower incidence of peri-implantitis was identified for hollow screw design ITI Dental Impl 
    Output:
    
Conclusions : This systematic review suggests that roughness and surface treatment of dental implants are important factors associated with periimplantitis