***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To describe posttraumatic growth ( PTG ) following childhood cancer survival and its association with demographic and disease/treatment variables , perceived treatment severity and life threat , and posttraumatic stress symptoms ( PTSS ) . METHOD Adolescent survivors of cancer ( N = 150 , ages 11 - 19 ) , at least 1 year after treatment , and their mothers ( N = 146 ) and fathers ( N = 107 ) completed self-report measures of perceived treatment intensity and PTSS and a semistructured interview design ed to identify posttraumatic responses and indicators of PTG including perceived positive changes for self , relationships , and life goals . RESULTS A majority of adolescents and their mothers and fathers reported PTG . Greater perceived treatment severity and life threat , but not objective disease severity , was associated with PTG . PTG and PTSS were positively associated for the adolescent cancer survivors . Diagnosis after age 5 result ed in more perceived benefit and greater PTSS for adolescent survivors . CONCLUSION Clarification of the concept and measurement of PTG after childhood cancer is warranted , as are prospect i ve studies of the association of PTG and PTSS and the role of demographic variables and illness-specific appraisal The correlates and consequences of benefit finding on quality of life were examined for 364 women ( 93 % Caucasian , 6 % African American , and 1 % Hispanic ) diagnosed with Stage I , II , and III breast cancer .  Benefit finding and quality of life  were measured 4 months postdiagnosis ( Tl ) , 3 months after Tl ( T2 ) , and 6 months after T2 ( T3 ) . Women with lower socioeconomic status , minorities , and those with more severe disease perceived more benefits at baseline . Benefit finding was associated with more negative affect at baseline and also interacted with stage of disease , such that negative relations to quality of life across time were limited to those with more severe disease . Findings suggest there are qualifiers as to whether " finding something good in the bad " is good or bad CONTEXT Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for medical and psychosocial sequelae that may adversely affect their health status . OBJECTIVES To compare the health status of adult survivors of childhood cancer and siblings  and to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Health status was assessed in 9535 adult participants of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study , a cohort of long-term survivors of childhood cancer who were diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 . A r and omly selected cohort of the survivors ' siblings ( n = 2916 ) served as a comparison group . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Six health status domains were assessed : general health , mental health , functional status , activity limitations , cancer-related pain , and cancer-related anxiety/fears . The first 4 domains were assessed in the control group . RESULTS Survivors were significantly more likely to report adverse general health ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 2.5 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 2.1 - 3.0 ; P<.001 ) , mental health ( OR , 1.8 ; 95 % CI , 1.6 - 2.1 ; P<.001 ) , activity limitations ( OR , 2.7 ; 95 % CI , 2.3 - 3.3 ; P<.001 ) , and functional impairment ( OR , 5.2 ; 95 % CI , 4.1 - 6.6 ; P<.001 ) , compared with siblings . Forty-four percent of survivors reported at least 1 adversely affected health status domain . Sociodemographic factors associated with reporting at least 1 adverse health status domain included being female ( OR , 1.4 ; 95 % CI , 1.3 - 1.6 ; P<.001 ) , lower level of educational attainment ( OR , 2.0 ; 95 % CI , 1.8 - 2.2 ; P<.001 ) , and annual income less than 20 000 dollars ( OR , 1.8 ; 95 % CI , 1.6 - 2.1 ; P<.001 ) . Relative to those survivors with childhood leukemia , an increased risk was observed for at least 1 adverse health status domain among those with bone tumors ( OR , 2.1 ; 95 % CI , 1.8 - 2.5 ; P<.001 ) , central nervous system tumors ( OR , 1.7 ; 95 % CI , 1.5 - 2.0 ; P<.001 ) , and sarcomas ( OR , 1.2 ; 95 % CI , 1.1 - 1.5 ; P = .01 ) . CONCLUSION Clinicians caring for adult survivors of childhood cancer should be aware of the substantial risk for adverse health status , especially among females , those with low educational attainment , and those with low household incomes OBJECTIVE In order to broaden the view beyond posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) in children , we examined to what extent posttraumatic stress reactions , posttraumatic growth , and quality of life were related to each other and to traumatic exposure in the general population . METHOD 1770 children of 36 r and omly selected primary schools ( mean age = 10.24 years , 50 % boys ) reported in October/November 2006 on their worst experience ( traumatic exposure was considered present when the described event fulfilled the A1 criterion for PTSD of the DSM-IV-TR ) and filled out the Children 's Responses to Trauma Inventory , the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children , and the KIDSCREEN-27 . Correlational and hierarchical linear regression analyses were carried out in a multiple imputation format . RESULTS Posttraumatic stress reactions were strongly related to posttraumatic growth ( r = 0.41 , p < .01 ) and quality of life ( r = -0.47 , p < .01 ) . The latter 2 variables were weakly related ; positively when controlling for posttraumatic stress reactions ( r = 0.09 , p < .01 ) , negatively when not ( r = -0.12 , p < .01 ) . Children who were exposed to trauma reported more posttraumatic stress reactions ( β = .12 , p < .01 ) , more posttraumatic growth ( β = .09 , p < .01 ) , and less quality of life ( β = -.08 , p < .01 ) than nonexposed children ( effect sizes were small ) . CONCLUSIONS Negative and positive psychological sequelae of trauma can coexist in children , and extend to broader areas of life than specific symptoms only . Clinicians should look further than PTSD alone and pay attention to the broad range of posttraumatic stress reactions that children show , their experience of posttraumatic growth , and their quality of life Psychological reactions to having had childhood cancer often continue after treatment ends , for survivors and their parents . Based on our previous research , we developed an intervention program for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer , their parents , and siblings . Surviving Cancer Competently : An Intervention Program -- SCCIP -- is a one-day family group intervention that combines cognitive-behavioral and family therapy approaches . The goals of SCCIP are to reduce symptoms of distress and to improve family functioning and development . SCCIP is described and data from a pilot study of 19 families are presented . Program evaluation data indicated that all family members found SCCIP helpful . St and ardized measures administered before the intervention and again at 6 months after SCCIP showed that symptoms of posttraumatic stress and anxiety decreased . Changes in family functioning were more difficult to discern . Overall , the results were promising with regard to the feasibility of the program and its potential for reducing symptoms of distress for all family members 
    Output:
    
Several findings were consistent with a comparable meta- analysis in adult oncology population s. Targeted social support , clinical intervention , and education may facilitate post-traumatic growth .