***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of immediate functionally loaded implants placed with a flapless procedure ( test group ) versus implants placed after flap elevation and conventional load-free healing ( control group ) in partially edentulous patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients were r and omized : 20 to the flapless immediately loaded group and 20 to the conventional group . To be immediately loaded , implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque > 45 Ncm . Implants in the immediately loaded group were provided with full acrylic resin temporary restorations the same day . Implants in the conventional group were submerged ( anterior region ) or left unsubmerged ( posterior region ) and were left load-free for 3 months ( m and ibles ) or 4 months ( maxillae ) . Provisional restorations were replaced with definitive single metal-ceramic crowns 1 month postloading . Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures , biological and prosthetic complications , postoperative edema , pain , and use of analgesics . Independent sample chi2 tests , Mann-Whitney tests , t tests , and paired t tests were used with a significance level of .05 . RESULTS Fifty-two implants were placed in the flapless group and 56 in the conventionally loaded group . In the flapless group , 1 flap had to be raised to control the direction of the bur and 1 implant did not reach the planned primary stability and was treated as belonging to the conventional group . After 3 years no dropouts or failures occurred . There was no statistically significant difference for complications ; however , patients in the conventional group had significantly more postoperative edema and pain and consumed more analgesics than those in the flapless group . Osstell values were significantly higher at baseline in the flapless group ( P = .033 ) . When comparing baseline data with years 1 , 2 , and 3 within each group , mean Osstell values of the flapless group did not increase , whereas there were statistically significant increases in the Periotest values . CONCLUSIONS Implants can be successfully placed flapless and loaded immediately without compromising success rates ; the procedure decreases treatment time and patient discomfort OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospect i ve clinical study was to evaluate peri-implant soft-tissue conditions and esthetic fulfillment during a 3-year follow-up period following prosthetic rehabilitation . MATERIAL AND METHODS As part of a prospect i ve multi-center study , 152 ITI dental implants were placed in 80 patients in the maxillary anterior region . Fifty-nine crowns ( 38.82 % ) were cement retained , while 93 ( 61.18 % ) crowns were screw retained . At loading and 3 , 6 , 12 and 36 months post-loading , modified plaque index ( MPI ) , sulcus bleeding index ( SBI ) , keratinized mucosa ( KM ) , gingival level ( GL ) , and esthetic fulfillment were recorded . RESULTS All patients completed the study and no complications were reported . While statistically not significant at all time points , cement-retained crowns seemed to present a worsening trend in MPI and SBI scores . Interestingly , screw-retained crowns seemed to present an opposite picture , their MPI and SBI scores improved over time . While plaque accumulation , prophylaxis and depth of crown margin significantly affected levels of sulcus bleeding , prophylaxis alone played a key role in reducing plaque accumulation . No soft tissue recession was observed in either cement- or screw-retained crowns up to 3 years post-loading . Esthetic fulfillment survey revealed that patients did not have a preference for crown types ; however , dentists favored cement-retained over screw-retained crowns . CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant soft tissues responded more favorably to screw-retained crowns when compared with cement-retained crowns . However , no soft-tissue recession was observed in either type of crowns . Cement-retained crowns were preferred by dentists , while patients were equally satisfied with either type of crowns they received The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up studies ( i.e. , over 5 years ) , focusing on prosthetic outcomes and maintenance of implant-supported reconstructions in the edentulous maxilla , are scarce in the literature . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report 10-year data on outcomes and maintenance of screw-retained implant-supported full-arch casted titanium-resin prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the r and omized control trial cohort of 24 patients , the outcome and maintenance of 23 bridges were registered . RESULTS One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10-year control . Of the 23 remaining patients , 21 still had their original frameworks ; one framework fractured after 8 years and one was remade after 7 years to create better support for the acrylic . The remaining 23 prostheses showed criteria of success , survival , and failure in 9 , 82 , and 9 % , respectively . Tightening of two assembly screws was necessary in one patient . No detrimental effects were seen because of long cantilever extensions or opposing dentition . A total of 4.7 resin-related complications per prosthesis were observed ; tooth fracture was the most common prosthetic complication . There was an indication of greater prevention in the number of resin-related complications with the use of lingual gold onlay compared with a resilient mouth guard , 0.71 and 1.67 , respectively per bridge . The bridges were removed and reinserted 0.83 times per patient . No abutment or abutment screw fractures were registered . CONCLUSION Fracture or wear of the reconstruction material s were considered predictable risks when using resin-based suprastructure material s. Status of opposing dentition and length of cantilevers did not confer additional risk . The use of a lingual gold onlay indicated prevention of resin-related complications . Future research should focus on the suprastructure material s to predict better overall treatment results of implant-supported full-arch bridges in the edentulous maxilla PURPOSE The possibility of expediting dental implant therapy by early or immediate loading protocol s requires long-term clinical investigation . The aim of this prospect i ve cohort trial was to determine the 3-year implant success rate and prosthesis complications associated with functional loading 3 weeks after 1-stage placement of Astra Tech single-tooth implants replacing maxillary anterior teeth . A secondary objective was to determine peri-implant tissue responses at these implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The peri-implant bone and mucosal conditions of 43 implants in 39 subjects were radiographically and clinical ly measured 3 years after implant placement . RESULTS Of the 48 patients originally treated , 39 patients and 43 implants were examined at the 3-year time point . Three of 54 implants failed within the first year . No additional failures were recorded since the 12-month reporting period . Peri-implant bone levels were stable for the 3-year period following implant placement . The change in marginal bone levels after 3 years was 0.42 + /- 0.59 mm . Papilla growth was measured at 1 and 3 years ( 0.61 + /- 0.95 mm and 0.74 + /- 0.79 mm , respectively ) . The buccal peri-implant tissue dimensions at the gingival zenith also increased at 1 and 3 years ( 0.34 + /- 0.94 mm and 0.51 + /- 1.42 mm , respectively ) . No abutment screw loosening or fracture occurred . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early loading of endosseous dental implants placed in healed ridges offers select benefits to clinicians and their patients PURPOSE To present long-term clinical and radiographic data on single-implant treatment in the anterior maxilla and to compare these results with comparable data of central implants supporting fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 38 patients consecutively restored with 47 single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla were included in the single-implant ( study ) group . The implants in the edentulous group ( control ) were included by r and omly selecting one of the central implants ( closest to midline ) from 76 consecutively treated edentulous patients . Mean age was 25.4 years ( SD : 10.0 ) and 60.1 years ( SD : 11.6 ) at inclusion ( P < .001 ) for the study and control groups , respectively . Clinical and radiographic data were retrospectively retrieved from files holding up to 15 years of function in both groups . RESULTS No implants in the study group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 100 % ) , while 3 implants in the control group were lost ( cumulative success rate : 95.4 % ) . Ten single crowns were replaced ( 15-year cumulative survival rate : 77.0 % ) , and the study group showed more mucosal problems and fistulas compared to the implants in the control group ( P < .05 ) . Loose screws were a common problem in the single-implant group during the first 5 years of function , but bone loss did not differ significantly between patients with stable and loose screws/fistulas ( P > .05 ) or between study and control implants after 15 years ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS There is an obvious difference between the survival of the implants ( 100 % ) and original implant crowns ( 77 % ) in the study group . The present early single-implant restorations showed significantly more mechanical/fistula problems compared to central implants in the edentulous maxilla ( P < .05 ) , but bone response was similar for both groups during 15 years of follow-up . Bone loss was not affected by the level of the implant head in relation to the cementoenamel junction of adjacent teeth , nor was it affected by mechanical or mucosal problems or persistent fistulas of the single implants during the entire follow-up period Screw loosening is considered to be a common problem with both screw - retained and cemented implant restorations . A wider abutment platform , as well as using a torque driver to tighten specifically design ed screws may help prevent this loosening . However , there has been no clinical study evaluating either of these . To longitudinally compare the frequency of screw loosening in st and ard diameter , ( 3.75 and 4.0 mm ) implant supported prostheses to that of wide diameter , ( 5.0 and 6.0 mm ) implant supported prostheses that were h and tightened , and to evaluate whether using a torque driver would minimize or prevent this problem , if screw loosening occurred . A total of 213 dental implants in 106 patients were included in this prospect i ve longitudinal study . Of the implants 68 were wide diameter and 145 were st and ard diameter implants . Wide diameter implants showed 5.8 % screw loosening , while st and ard diameter implants showed 14.5 % screw loosening after insertion with only h and torquing . When these loose screws were tightened with a torque driver , there was no more loosening of screws . Within the limitations of this study , the wide diameter implants tested showed less screw loosening than the st and ard diameter implants when h and torqued . Additionally , within the scope of our study , using a torque driver to tighten the screws with the recommended force prevented this loosening from reoccurring in all cases The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success of screw- versus cement-retained implant crowns over a 5-year period . This was a multi-center prospect i ve cohort study , consisting of patients who had ≥1 dental implant placed and restored in the anterior maxilla over a 5-year period . The primary predictor variable was the type of restoration ( screw- versus cement-retained ) . The outcome variables were clinician- or patient-reported measures related to soft tissue and restoration quality . Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed to compare the screw- versus cement-retained groups . Kaplan – Meier statistics were computed for implant survival . Information was collected for  
    Output:
    
Although no statistical difference was found between cement- and screw-retained reconstructions for survival or failure rates , screw-retained reconstructions exhibited fewer technical and biologic complications overall .
There were no statistically significant differences between the failure rates of the different reconstruction types ( I-SCs , I-FDPs , full-arch I-FDPs ) or abutment material s ( titanium , gold , ceramic ) .
The failure rate of cemented reconstructions was not influenced by the choice of a specific cement , though cement type did influence loss of retention