***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : To present long-term results of a large series of patients su bmi tted to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGBP ) for morbid obesity . Background : Reports on long-term results of RYGBP are scarce and focus primarily on weight loss . Our aim is to provide mid- to long-term data of RYGBP , with detailed results on weight loss , evolution of comorbidities and quality of life , also using the BAROS score . Methods : All patients who underwent a primary RYGBP for morbid obesity in our 2 hospitals between 1999 and August 2008 were included . Data were collected prospect ively in a computerized data base , and review ed for the purpose of this study . Results : A total of 379 patients were included in the analysis of long-term results , 282 women , and 97 men , with a mean BMI of 46.3 kg/m2 . After 5 years , 74.9 % of the patients achieved an excess weight loss of at least 50 % , with a mean of 62.7 % and 76.8 % achieved a BMI < 35 kg/m2 . The corresponding figures after 7 years were 64.9 , 58.1 , and 71.9 , respectively . There was a small but significant long-term weight regain . All comorbidities improved markedly in the vast majority of patients , with no significant difference between the 3- and 5-year terms . Quality of life also improved markedly , and more than 95 % of the patients had a good to excellent 5-year overall result according to the BAROS score . Conclusions : Laparoscopic RYGBP for morbid obesity results in good and maintained weight loss up to 7 years in the majority of patients , improves quality of life and markedly improves all the evaluated comorbidities , result ing in good to excellent overall 5-year results in 97 % of the patients according to the BAROS score Background Aim ing to clarify the mechanism of weight loss after the  restrictive bariatric procedure of sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) , the volumes and pressures of the stomach , of the removed part , and of the remaining sleeve were measured in 20 morbidly obese patients . Methods The technique used consisted of occlusion of the pylorus with a laparoscopic clamp and of the gastroesophageal junction with a special orogastric tube connected to a manometer . Instillation of methylene-blue-colored saline via the tube was continued until the intraluminal pressure increased sharply , or the inflated stomach reached 2,000 cc . After recording of measurements , LSG was performed . Results Mean volume of the entire stomach was 1,553 cc ( 600–2,000 cc ) and that of the sleeve 129 cc ( 90–220 cc ) , i.e. , 10 % ( 4–17 % ) and that of the removed stomach was 795 cc ( 400–1,500 cc ) . The mean basal intragastric pressure of the whole stomach after insufflations of the abdominal cavity with CO2 to 15 mmHg was 19 mmHg ( 11–26 mmHg ) ; after occlusion and filling with saline it was 34 mmHg ( 21–45 mmHg ) . In the sleeved stomach , mean basal pressure was similar 18 mmHg ( 6–28 mmHg ) ; when filled with saline , pressure rose to 43 mmHg ( 32–58 mmHg ) . The removed stomach had a mean pressure of 26 mmHg ( 12–47 mmHg ) . There were no postoperative complications and no mortality . Conclusions The notably higher pressure in the sleeve , reflecting its markedly lesser distensibility compared to that of the whole stomach and of the removed fundus , indicates that this may be an important element in the mechanism of weight loss BACKGROUND The effect of bariatric surgery on iron absorption is only partially known . OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of  sleeve gastrectomy ( SG ) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGBP ) on heme- and nonheme-iron absorption and iron status . DESIGN Fifty-eight menstruating women were enrolled in this prospect i ve study [ mean ( ±SD ) age : 35.9 ± 9.1 y ; weight : 101.7 ± 13.5 kg ; BMI ( in kg/m² ) : 39.9 ± 4.4 ] . Anthropometric , body-composition , dietary , and hematologic indexes and heme- and nonheme-iron absorption-using a st and ardized meal containing 3 mg Fe-were determined before and 12 mo after surgery . Forty-three subjects completed the 12-mo follow-up . Iron supplements were strictly controlled . RESULTS Heme-iron absorption was 23.9 % before and 6.2 % 12 mo after surgery ( P < 0.0001 ) . Nonheme-iron absorption decreased from 11.1 % to 4.7 % ( P < 0.0001 ) . No differences were observed by type of surgery . Iron intakes from all sources of supplements were 27.9 ± 6.2 mg/d in the SG group and 63.2 ± 21.1 mg/d in the RYGBP group ( P < 0.001 ) . Serum ferritin and total-body iron decreased more after RYGBP than after SG . CONCLUSIONS Iron ( heme and nonheme ) absorption is markedly reduced after SG and RYGBP . The magnitude of the decrease in heme-iron absorption is greater than that of nonheme iron . The amounts suggested as iron supplements may need to be increased to effectively prevent iron-status impairment Background Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity . It provides not only substantial weight loss , but also resolution of obesity-related comorbidities .  Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) has rapidly been gaining in popularity . However , there are limited data on the reduction of obesity-related comorbidities for LSG compared to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( LRYGB ) . The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic LSG versus LRYGB for the treatment of obesity-related comorbidities . Methods A total of 558 patients who underwent either LSG or LRYGB for morbid obesity at the Westchester Medical Center between April 2008 and September 2010 were included . Data were collected prospect ively into a computerized data base and review ed for this study . Fisher ’s exact test analyses compared 30-day , 6-month , and 1-year outcomes of obesity-related comorbidities . Results A total of 558 patients were included in the analysis of obesity-related comorbidity resolution ; 200 underwent LSG and 358 underwent LRYGB . After 1 year , 86.2 % of the LSG patients had one or more comorbidities in remission compared to 83.1 % LRYGB patients ( P = 0.688 ) . With the exception of GERD ( −0.09 vs. 50 % ; P < 0.001 ) , similar comorbidity remission rates were observed between LSG and LRYGB for sleep apnea ( 91.2 vs. 82.8 % ; P = 0.338 ) , hyperlipidemia ( 63 vs. 55.8 % ; P = 0.633 ) , hypertension ( 38.8 vs. 52.9 % ; P = 0.062 ) , diabetes ( 58.6 vs. 65.5 % ; P = 0.638 ) , and musculoskeletal disease ( 66.7 vs. 79.4 % ; P = 0.472 ) . Conclusions Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy markedly improves most obesity-related comorbidities . Compared to LRYGB , LSG may have equal in reducing sleep apnea , hyperlipidemia , hypertension , diabetes , and musculoskeletal disease . LRYGB appears to be more effective at GERD resolution than LSG Background The long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) in the treatment of morbid obesity has been demonstrated . Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( SG ) as a single procedure has shown promising short-term results , but the long-term efficacy of SG has not yet been demonstrated . The aim of this study was to determine the preliminary 30-day morbidity and mortality of RYGB and SG in a prospect i ve multicenter r and omized setting . Methods A total of 240 morbidly obese ( BMI = 35–66 kg/m² ) patients evaluated by a multidisciplinary team were r and omized to undergo either RYGB or SG . There were 117 patients in the RYGB group and 121 in the SG group ; two patients had to be excluded after r and omization . Both study groups were comparable regarding age , gender , BMI , and comorbidities . Results There was no 30-day mortality . The median operating time was significantly shorter in the SG group ( 66 min vs. 94 min , p < 0.001 ) . All complications were recorded thoroughly . There were 7 ( 5.8 % ) major complications following SG and 11 ( 9.4 % ) after RYGB ( p = 0.292 ) . Nine ( 7.4 % ) SG patients and 20 ( 17.1 % ) RYGB patients had minor complications ( p = 0.023 ) . The overall morbidity was 13.2 % after SG and 26.5 % after RYGB ( p = 0.010 ) . There were three ( 2.5 % ) early reoperations after SG and four ( 3.3 % ) after RYGB ( p = 0.719 ) . Conclusions At 30-day analysis SG is associated with a shorter operating time and fewer early minor complications compared to RYGB . There were no significant differences in major complications or early reoperations . Long-term follow-up is required to determine the effect on weight loss , resolution of obesity-related comorbidities , and improvement of quality of life Background : Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment in morbidly obese patients , leading to durable weight loss . Objective : In this prospect i ve double blind study , we aim to evaluate and compare the effects of  laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( LRYGBP ) with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG )  on body weight , appetite , fasting , and postpr and ial ghrelin and peptide-YY ( PYY ) levels . Methods : After r and omization , 16 patients were assigned to LRYGBP and 16 patients to LSG .  Patients were reevaluated on the 1st , 3rd , 6th , and 12th postoperative month . Blood sample s were collected after an overnight fast and in 6 patients in each group after a st and ard 420 kcal mixed meal . Results : Body weight and body mass index ( BMI ) decreased markedly ( P < 0.0001 ) and comparably after either procedure . Excess weight loss was greater after LSG at 6 months ( 55.5 % ± 7.6 % vs. 50.2 % ± 6.5 % , P = 0.04 ) and 12 months ( 69.7 % ± 14.6 % vs. 60.5 % ± 10.7 % , [ P = 0.05 ] ) . After LRYGBP fasting ghrelin levels did not change significantly compared with baseline ( P = 0.19 ) and did not decrease significantly after the test meal . On the other h and , LSG was followed by a marked reduction in fasting ghrelin levels ( P < 0.0001 ) and a significant suppression after the meal . Fasting PYY levels increased after either surgical procedure ( P ≤ 0.001 ) . Appetite decreased in both groups but to a greater extend after LSG . Conclusion : PYY levels increased similarly after either procedure . The markedly reduced ghrelin levels in addition to increased PYY levels after LSG , are associated with greater appetite suppression and excess weight loss compared with LRYGBP Introduction Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) is considered the gold st and ard bariatric procedure with documented safety and effectiveness . Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) is a newer procedure being done with increasing frequency . R and omized comparisons of LSG and other bariatric procedures are limited . We present the results of the first prospect i ve r and omized trial comparing LSG and RYGB in the Polish population . Aim To assess the efficacy and safety of LSG versus RYGB in the treatment of morbid obesity and obesity-related comorbidities . Material and methods Seventy-two morbidly obese patients were r and omized to RYGB ( 36 patients ) or LSG ( 36 patients ) . Both groups were comparable regarding age , gender , body mass index ( BMI ) and comorbidities . The follow-up period was at least 12 months . Baseline and 6 and 12 month outcomes were analyzed including assessment of percent excess weight lost ( % EWL ) , reduction in BMI , morbidity ( minor , major , early and late complications ) , mortality , reoperations , comorbidities and nutritional deficiencies . Results There was no 30-day mortality and no significant difference 
    Output:
    
Compared with SG , RYGB had significantly better effect in resolving type 2 diabetes mellitus , hypertension , hypercholesterolemia , gastroesophageal reflux disease , and arthritis .
However , RYGB had higher incidence of complications and reoperation , and longer operation time than SG .
RYGB was more effective than SG in the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities , SG was a safer procedure with a reduced rate of complications and reoperation