***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND We report data from NEWART , a r and omised phase 4 clinical trial comparing virologic efficacy and safety of nevirapine ( NVP ) vs. ritonavir-boosted atazanavir ( ATV/r ) on a background of tenofovir/emtricitabine ( TDF/FTC ) in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients . This study enrolled patients according to CD4-based initiation criteria for NVP ( < 250 cells/mm(3 ) for women and < 400 cells/mm(3 ) for men ) , to reduce the likelihood of symptomatic hepatic events . NEWART was design ed to support and confirm results from ARTEN , an international trial with similar design and study endpoints . METHODS A total of 152 patients were r and omised 1 : 1 to open-label  NVP 200 mg twice daily or ATV/r ( 300/100 mg ) once daily , plus once daily TDF/FTC ( 300/200 mg ) . All participants met CD4(+ ) guidelines at entry . The primary endpoint for non-inferiority was virologic response prior to and at week 48 ( confirmed HIV plasma viral load < 50 copies/ml , without rebound or change in ARVs ) . Safety data , including plasma lipids , were recorded throughout the study . RESULTS The primary endpoint was achieved in 46/75 ( 61.3 % ) and 50/77 ( 64.9 % ) of patients taking NVP and ATV/r , respectively . Frequency of adverse events ( AEs ) was similar between arms , with 88.0 % of NVP-treated patients and 94.8 % of ATV/r-treated patients experiencing at least one AE . Nine patients ( 12 % ) in each arm experienced an AE that led to discontinuation . At week 48 , a significantly greater increase was seen in mean plasma HDL cholesterol ( HDL-C ) in the NVP arm ( 9.6 mg/dl ) vs. the ATV/r arm ( 3.5 mg/dl ) ; p = 0.016 . Also , total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C ratio on-treatment was -0.38 and -0.02 for the NVP and ATV/r arms , respectively ( p = 0.038 ) . CONCLUSIONS Efficacy results were consistent with the ARTEN study demonstrating that NVP was non-inferior to ATV/r when taken in combination with TDF/FTC . Rates of AEs were similar between the two arms , whereas HDL-C increased and TC : HDL-C decreased significantly more in patients taking NVP than ATV/r Introduction : Direct comparison of the efficacy and safety of different agents is needed to guide selection of optimal treatment regimens for therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients . Methods : Gemini was a 48-week , multicenter , open-label , noninferiority trial in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults r and omized to either saquinavir/ritonavir ( SQV/r ) 1000 mg/100 mg twice a day or lopinavir/ritonavir ( LPV/r ) 400 mg/100 mg twice a day , each with emtricitabine/tenofovir 200 mg/300 mg every day . Results : A similar proportion of participants in the SQV/r ( n = 167 ) and LPV/r ( n = 170 ) arms had HIV-1 RNA levels < 50 copies per milliliter at week 48 : 64.7 % vs 63.5 % and estimated difference in proportion for noninferiority : 1.14 % , 96 % confidence interval : −9.6 to11.9 ( P < 0.012 ) , confirming that SQV/r was noninferior to LPV/r treatment . There were no significant differences in week 48 CD4 counts between arms . The rate and severity of adverse events were similar in both groups . There were no significant differences in the median change from baseline between arms in plasma lipids except for triglyceride levels , which were significantly higher in the LPV/r at week 48 . Conclusions : In treatment-naive , HIV-1-infected patients , SQV/r treatment was noninferior in virologic suppression at 48 weeks to LPV/r treatment and offered a better triglyceride profile In a r and omized control trial , Shahin Lockman and colleagues compare nevirapine-based therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy for HIV-infected women without previous exposure to antiretroviral treatment Thomas Campbell and colleagues report findings of a r and omized trial conducted in multiple countries regarding the efficacy of  antiretroviral regimens with simplified dosing OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose abacavir/lamivudine ( ABC/3TC ) and tenofovir/emtricitabine ( TDF/FTC ) with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir ( ATV/r ) in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with HIV-1 infection . METHODS A 96-week multicenter , r and omized , open-label , parallel group pilot study was conducted . The endpoints were times to virologic failure , safety event and regimen modification . RESULTS 109 patients were enrolled and r and omly allocated ( 54 patients received ABC/3TC and 55 patients received TDF/FTC ) . All r and omized subjects were analyzed . The time to virologic failure was not significantly different between the two arms by 96 weeks ( HR , 2.09 ; 95 % CI , 0.72 - 6.13 ; p=0.178 ) . Both regimens showed favorable viral efficacy , as in the intention-to-treat population , 72.2 % ( ABC/3TC ) and 78.2 % ( TDF/FTC ) of the patients had an HIV-1 viral load < 50 copies/mL at 96 weeks . The time to the first grade 3 or 4 adverse event and the time to the first regimen modification were not significantly different between the two arms ( adverse event : HR 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.25 - 1.75 , p=0.407 ) ( regimen modification : HR 1.03 ; 95 % CI , 0.33 - 3.19 , p=0.964 ) . Both regimens were also well-tolerated , as only 11.1 % ( ABC/3TC ) and 10.9 % ( TDF/FTC ) of the patients discontinued the allocated regimen by 96 weeks . Clinical ly suspected abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reactions occurred in only one ( 1.9 % ) patient in the ABC/3TC arm . CONCLUSION Although insufficiently powered to show non-inferiority of viral efficacy of ABC/3TC relative to TDF/FTC , this pilot trial suggested that ABC/3TC with ATV/r is a safe and efficacious initial regimen for HLA-B*5701-negative patients , such as the Japanese population BACKGROUND Efavirenz with tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate and emtricitabine is a preferred antiretroviral regimen for treatment-naive patients infected with HIV-1 .  Rilpivirine , a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor , has shown similar antiviral efficacy to efavirenz in a phase 2b trial with two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors . We aim ed to assess the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of rilpivirine versus efavirenz , each combined with tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate and emtricitabine . METHODS We did a phase 3 , r and omised , double-blind , double-dummy , active-controlled trial , in patients infected with HIV-1 who were treatment-naive . The patients were aged 18 years or older with a plasma viral load at screening of 5000 copies per mL or greater , and viral sensitivity to all study drugs . Our trial was done at 112 sites across 21 countries . Patients were r and omly assigned by a computer-generated interactive web response system to receive either once-daily 25 mg rilpivirine or once-daily 600 mg efavirenz , each with tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate and emtricitabine . Our primary objective was to show non-inferiority ( 12 % margin ) of rilpivirine to efavirenz in terms of the percentage of patients with confirmed response ( viral load < 50 copies per mL intention-to-treat time-to-loss-of-virological-response [ ITT-TLOVR ] algorithm ) at week 48 . Our primary analysis was by intention-to-treat . We also used logistic regression to adjust for baseline viral load . This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT00540449 . FINDINGS 346 patients were r and omly assigned to receive rilpivirine and 344 to receive efavirenz and received at least one dose of study drug , with 287 ( 83 % ) and 285 ( 83 % ) in the respective groups having a confirmed response at week 48 . The point estimate from a logistic regression model for the percentage difference in response was -0.4 ( 95 % CI -5.9 to 5.2 ) , confirming non-inferiority with a 12 % margin ( primary endpoint ) . The incidence of virological failures was 13 % ( rilpivirine ) versus 6 % ( efavirenz ; 11%vs 4 % by ITT-TLOVR ) . Grade 2 - 4 adverse events ( 55 [ 16 % ] on rilpivirine vs 108 [ 31 % ] on efavirenz , p<0.0001 ) , discontinuations due to adverse events ( eight [ 2 % ] on rilpivirine vs 27 [ 8 % ] on efavirenz ) , rash , dizziness , and abnormal dreams or nightmares were more common with efavirenz . Increases in plasma lipids were significantly lower with rilpivirine . INTERPRETATION Rilpivirine showed non-inferior efficacy compared with efavirenz , with a higher virological-failure rate , but a more favourable safety and tolerability profile . FUNDING Tibotec BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on fasting lipid parameters of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) plus emtricitabine ( FTC ) from abacavir ( ABC ) plus lamivudine ( 3TC ; both fixed-dose combinations ) , while maintaining ritonavir-boosted lopinavir ( LPV/r ) . METHODS This was an open-label r and omized two-arm 12-week controlled study in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients with elevated cholesterol ( ≥5.2 mmol/l ) . Patients stable on ABC/3TC plus LPV/r  either continued treatment or switched to TDF/FTC plus LPV/r for 12 weeks . St and ard efficacy and safety end points ( including fasting lipids ) were assessed . RESULTS In total , 85 subjects were treated ( n=42 ABC/FTC and n=43 TDF/3TC ) . A statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the TDF/FTC group : from median ( IQR ) 6.22 mmol/l ( 5.91 - 6.77 ) at baseline to 5.75 mmol/l ( 5.04 - 6.18 ) at week 12 ( median [ IQR ] change from baseline -0.73 mmol/l [ -1.20- -0.18 ] ; P<0.001 ) . No notable change was observed for the ABC/3TC group . The difference between groups at week 12 was -0.82 mmol/l ( P<0.001 ) . For TDF/FTC ( but not for ABC/3TC ) , statistically significant reductions ( P<0.05 ) from baseline were observed in total , low-density lipoprotein , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and non-HDL cholesterol ( at weeks 4 and 12 ) . Statistically significant decreases were observed in median estimated creatinine clearance ( Cockcroft-Gault ) from baseline to week 12 for patients who switched to TDF/FTC ( -5.47 ml/min ) versus the ABC/3TC group ( -2.15 ml/min ; P=0.016 between groups ) . Virological suppression was maintained in both groups . No new safety issues were identified . CONCLUSIONS Switching to TDF/FTC from ABC/3TC was associated with rapid improvements in fasting lipid parameters and continued virological control in patients receiving LPV/r as the third component of antiretroviral therapy . The effect of these changes on clinical end points remains unclear and would need to be evaluated in a longer-term study Context Once-daily HIV treatment regimens are being used in clinical practice with the objective of improving patient acceptance and adherence . Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of saquinavir-soft-gelatin capsule (SGC)/ritonavir combination ( 1600 mg/100 mg ) vs efavirenz ( 600 mg ) both once daily and combined with 2 nucleoside analogs twice daily . Setting Tw 
    Output:
    
Adjusting for the effect of NRTI backbone , treatment with DTG result ed in significantly higher odds of virologic suppression ( HIV RNA<50 copies/mL ) and increase in CD4 + cells/µL versus ATV/r , DRV/r , EFV , LPV/r , and RPV .
Dolutegravir had better or equivalent changes in total cholesterol , LDL , triglycerides , and lower odds of adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events compared to all treatments .
Conclusion Three clinical trials of DTG have demonstrated comparable or superior efficacy and safety to DRV , RAL , and EFV in HIV-1–infected treatment-naive patients .
This network meta- analysis suggests DTG is also favorable or comparable to other commonly used third agents ( ATV/r , LPV/r , RPV , and EVG/c )