***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND This study compared the induction regimens doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide and etoposide ( ACE ) with doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vincristine , bleomycin and prednisone ( ACVBP ) before high-dose therapy ( HDT ) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation ( ASCT ) for patients with poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) . A second r and omisation compared rituximab with observation post-ASCT . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Four hundred and seventy-six patients < 60 years old with newly diagnosed CD20 + DLBCL were r and omised to induction with ACE or ACVBP . Three hundred and thirty responders received HDT followed by ASCT . After ASCT , 269 patients were re-r and omised to receive either maintenance rituximab or observation alone . R and omisation was stratified by the quality of response to ASCT . The primary end point of this study was event-free survival ( EFS ) . RESULTS At a median of 4 years ' follow-up from the second r and omisation , there was a trend ( P = 0.1 ) towards increased EFS for patients who received rituximab compared with observation . CONCLUSION The type of induction therapy ( ACVBP or ACE ) did not significantly affect overall survival at a median 51 months ' follow-up BACKGROUND The role of rituximab in combination with different CHOP ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone)-like chemotherapy regimens in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma remains to be defined . We aim ed to compare CHOP-like chemotherapy and rituximab with CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in these patients . METHODS 824 patients who were from 18 countries ; aged 18 - 60 years ; and who had no risk factors or one risk factor according to age-adjusted International Prognostic Index ( IPI ) , stage II-IV disease , or stage I disease with bulk were enrolled . These patients were r and omly assigned to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy and rituximab ( n=413 ) or to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy alone ( n=411 ) . Bulky and extranodal sites received additional radiotherapy . The primary endpoint was event-free survival ; secondary endpoints were response , progression under therapy , progression-free survival , overall survival , and frequency of toxic effects . Analyses were done by intention to treat and per protocol . This trial is registered at http://www . clinical trials.gov , NCT 00064116 . FINDINGS After a median follow-up of 34 months ( range 0.03 - 61 ) , patients assigned chemotherapy and rituximab had increased 3-year event-free survival compared with those assigned chemotherapy alone ( 79 % [ 95 % CI 75 - 83 ] vs 59 % [ 54 - 64 ] ; difference between groups 20 % [ 13 - 27 ] , log-rank p<0.0001 ) , and had increased 3-year overall survival ( 93 % [ 90 - 95 ] vs 84 % [ 80 - 88 ] ; difference between groups 9 % [ 3 - 13 ] , log-rank p=0.0001 ) . Event-free survival was affected by treatment group , presence of bulky disease , and age-adjusted IPI : after chemotherapy and rituximab , a favourable subgroup ( ie , IPI=0 , no bulk ) could be defined from a less-favourable subgroup ( ie , IPI=1 or bulk , or both ) . Groups did not differ in the frequency of adverse events . INTERPRETATION Rituximab added to six cycles of CHOP is an effective treatment for young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma . The definition of two prognostic subgroups allows for a more refined therapeutic approach for these patients We evaluated the role of rituximab ( R ) both in remission induction and maintenance treatment of relapsed/resistant follicular lymphoma ( FL ) . A total of 465 patients were r and omized to induction with 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone ( CHOP ) ( every 3 weeks ) or R-CHOP ( R : 375 mg/m(2 ) intravenously , day 1 ) . Those in complete remission ( CR ) or partial remission ( PR ) were r and omized to maintenance with R ( 375 mg/m(2 ) intravenously once every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years ) or observation . R-CHOP induction yielded an increased overall response rate ( CHOP , 72.3 % ; R-CHOP , 85.1 % ; P < .001 ) and CR rate ( CHOP , 15.6 % ; R-CHOP , 29.5 % ; P < .001 ) . Median progression-free survival ( PFS ) from first r and omization was 20.2 months after CHOP versus 33.1 months after R-CHOP ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.65 ; P < .001 ) . Rituximab maintenance yielded a median PFS from second r and omization of 51.5 months versus 14.9 months with observation ( HR , 0.40 ; P < .001 ) . Improved PFS was found both after induction with CHOP ( HR , 0.30 ; P < .001 ) and R-CHOP ( HR , 0.54 ; P = .004 ) . R maintenance also improved overall survival from second r and omization : 85 % at 3 years versus 77 % with observation ( HR , 0.52 ; P = .011 ) . This is the first trial showing that in relapsed/resistant FL rituximab maintenance considerably improves PFS not only after CHOP but also after R-CHOP induction PURPOSE Salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation ( ASCT ) is the st and ard treatment for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) . Salvage regimens have never been compared ; their efficacy in the rituximab era is unknown . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with CD20(+ ) DLBCL in first relapse or who were refractory after first-line therapy were r and omly assigned to either rituximab , ifosfamide , etoposide , and carboplatin ( R-ICE ) or rituximab , dexamethasone , high-dose cytarabine , and cisplatin ( R-DHAP ) . Responding patients received high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT . RESULTS The median age of the 396 patients enrolled ( R-ICE , n = 202 ; R-DHAP , n = 194 ) was 55 years . Similar response rates were observed after three cycles of R-ICE ( 63.5 % ; 95 % CI , 56 % to 70 % ) and R-DHAP ( 62.8 % ; 95 CI , 55 % to 69 % ) . Factors affecting response rates ( P < .001 ) were refractory disease/relapse less than versus more than 12 months after diagnosis ( 46 % v 88 % , respectively ) , International Prognostic Index ( IPI ) of more than 1 versus 0 to 1 ( 52 % v 71 % , respectively ) , and prior rituximab treatment versus no prior rituximab ( 51 % v 83 % , respectively ) . There was no significant difference between R-ICE and R-DHAP for 3-year event-free survival ( EFS ) or overall survival . Three-year EFS was affected by prior rituximab treatment versus no rituximab ( 21 % v 47 % , respectively ) , relapse less than versus more than 12 months after diagnosis ( 20 % v 45 % , respectively ) , and IPI of 2 to 3 versus 0 to 1 ( 18 % v 40 % , respectively ) . In the Cox model , these parameters were significant ( P < .001 ) . CONCLUSION In patients who experience relapse more than 12 months after diagnosis , prior rituximab treatment does not affect EFS . Patients with early relapses after rituximab-containing first-line therapy have a poor prognosis , with no difference between the effects of R-ICE and R-DHAP We investigated the addition of rituximab to an intensified salvage program followed by a myeloablative course with autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT ) in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) . Patients with relapsed or progressive aggressive NHL were treated with two cycles of conventional salvage chemotherapy ( DHAP ) followed by high-dose sequential chemotherapy ( cyclophosphamide , methotrexate with vincristine and etoposide ) and a final myeloablative course ( BEAM ) with ASCT . Rituximab ( 375 mg/m2 ) was administered at each treatment cycle . This cohort was compared with a historical control group of patients treated with the same chemotherapy but without rituximab . Patients from both groups were matched by duration of first remission and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels . Forty-five patients were treated with chemotherapy and 22 with immunochemotherapy .  The overall response rates ( ORR ) at the final evaluation were 63 % for the immunochemotherapy group and 42 % for the chemotherapy group ( p = 0.330 ) . In the historical controlled analysis freedom from second failure ( FF2F ) at 2 years in the immunochemotherapy group was 57 % and overall survival ( OS ) was 77 % . FF2F in the chemotherapy group was 18 % ( p = 0.0051 ) and OS was 37 % ( p = 0.0051 ) . In the matched-pair analysis , FF2F was 58 % in the immunochemotherapy group compared to 16 % in the chemotherapy group ( p = 0.0517 ) ; OS was 74 vs 33 % , respectively ( p = 0.0424 ) . The toxicity was tolerable and comparable in both groups . The addition of rituximab to an intensified salvage chemotherapy regimen seems to improve the prognosis . However , only prospect i ve r and omized trial can offer sufficient data of the value of rituximab in relapsed and refractory aggressive NHL BACKGROUND The st and ard treatment for patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone ( CHOP ) . Rituximab , a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the CD20 B-cell antigen , has therapeutic activity in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma . We conducted a r and omized trial to compare CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma . METHODS Previously untreated patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma , 60 to 80 years old , were r and omly assigned to receive either eight cycles of CHOP every three weeks ( 197 patients ) or eight cycles of CHOP plus rituximab given on day 1 of each cycle ( 202 patients ) . RESULTS The rate of complete response was significantly higher in the group that received CHOP plus rituximab than in the group that received CHOP alone ( 76 percent vs. 63 percent , P=0.005 ) . With a median follow-up of two years , event-free and overall survival times were significantly higher in the CHOP-plus-rituximab group ( P<0.001 and P=0.007 , respectively ) . The addition of rituximab to st and ard CHOP chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of treatment failure and death ( risk ratios , 0.58 [ 95 percent confidence interval , 0.44 to 0.77 ] and 0.64 [ 0.45 to 0.89 ] , respectively ) . Clinical ly relevant toxicity was not significantly greater with CHOP plus rituximab . CONCLUSIONS The addition of rituximab to the CHOP regimen increases the complete-response rate and prolongs event-free and overall survival in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma , without a clinical ly significant increase in toxicity We evaluated the role of rituximab during remission induction chemotherapy in relapsed aggressive CD20 + non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Of 239 patients , 225 were evaluable for analysis . R and omized to DHAP (cisplatin-cytarabine-dexamethasone)-VIM (etoposide-ifosfamide-methotrexate)-DHAP ( cisplatin-cytarabine-dexamethasone ) chemotherapy with rituximab ( R ; R-DHAP arm ) were 119 patients ( 113 evaluable ) and to chemotherapy without rituximab ( DHAP arm ) 120 patients ( 112 evaluable ) . Patients in complete remission ( CR ) and partial remission ( PR ) after 2 chemotherapy courses were eligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation . After the second chemotherapy cycle , 75 % of the patients in the R-DHAP arm had responsive disease ( CR or PR ) versus 54 % in the DHAP arm ( P=.01 ) . With a median follow-up of 24 months , there was a significant difference in failure 
    Output:
    
After first-line chemotherapy , the two rituximab-combined treatment strategies , including maintenance and salvage therapies can bring survival benefit .
But due to the few studies , the low method ological quality assessment and the low outcome evidence quality , it 's not confirmed that the two strategies are better than normal chemotherapy regimens .