***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Acute stress disorder ( ASD ) is a precursor of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . Twenty-four participants with ASD following civilian trauma were given 5 sessions of either cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) or supportive counseling ( SC ) within 2 weeks of their trauma . Fewer participants in CBT ( 8 % ) than in SC ( 83 % ) met criteria for PTSD at posttreatment . There were also fewer cases of PTSD in the CBT condition ( 17 % ) than in the SC condition ( 67 % ) 6 months posttrauma . There were greater statistically and clinical ly significant reductions in intrusive , avoidance , and depressive symptomatology among the CBT participants than among the SC participants . This study represents the 1st demonstration of successful treatment of ASD with CBT and its efficacy in preventing chronic PTSD This research represents the first controlled treatment study of hypnosis and cognitive- behavioral therapy ( CBT ) of acute stress disorder ( ASD ) . Civilian trauma survivors ( N=87 ) who met criteria for ASD were r and omly allocated to 6 sessions of CBT , CBT combined with hypnosis ( CBT-hypnosis ) , or supportive counseling ( SC ) . CBT comprised exposure , cognitive restructuring , and anxiety management . CBT-hypnosis comprised the CBT components with each imaginal exposure preceded by a hypnotic induction and suggestions to engage fully in the exposure . In terms of treatment completers ( n=69 ) , fewer participants in the CBT and CBT-hypnosis groups met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up than those in the SC group . CBT-hypnosis result ed in greater reduction in reexperiencing symptoms at posttreatment than CBT . These findings suggest that hypnosis may have use in facilitating the treatment effects of CBT for posttraumatic stress Ninety female recent assault survivors who met symptom criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) were r and omized to one of three interventions : Brief Cognitive Behavioral Intervention , which focused on processing the traumatic event ( B-CBT ) ; assessment condition ( AC ) ; or supportive counseling ( SC ) . Within 4 weeks of an assault , participants met weekly with a therapist for four 2-hr sessions . Across all interventions , participants reported decreases in PTSD symptoms , depression , and anxiety over time . At postintervention , participants in B-CBT reported greater decreases in self-reported PTSD severity and a trend toward lower anxiety than those in SC . At 3-month follow-up , participants in B-CBT evidence d lower general anxiety than those in SC and a trend toward lower self-reported PTSD severity . At last available follow-up ( on average , 9-months postassault ) , all three interventions were generally similar in outcome . These findings suggest that a trauma-focused intervention aim ed at those with severe PTSD symptoms after an assault can accelerate recovery OBJECTIVE Acute stress disorder permits an early identification of trauma survivors who are at risk of developing chronic posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . This study aim ed to prevent PTSD by an early provision of cognitive behavior therapy . Specifically , this study indexed the relative efficacy of prolonged exposure and anxiety management in the treatment of acute stress disorder . METHOD Forty-five civilian trauma survivors with acute stress disorder were given five sessions of 1 ) prolonged exposure ( N = 14 ) , 2 ) a combination of prolonged exposure and anxiety management ( N = 15 ) , or 3 ) supportive counseling ( N = 16 ) within 2 weeks of their trauma . Forty-one trauma survivors were assessed at the 6-month follow-up . RESULTS Fewer patients with prolonged exposure ( 14 % , N = 2 of 14 ) and prolonged exposure plus anxiety management ( 20 % , N = 3 of 15 ) than supportive counseling ( 56 % , N = 9 of 16 ) met the criteria for PTSD after treatment . There were also fewer cases of PTSD in the prolonged exposure group ( 15 % , N = 2 of 13 ) and the prolonged exposure plus anxiety management group ( 23 % , N = 3 of 13 ) than in the supportive counseling group ( 67 % , N = 10 of 15 ) 6 months after the trauma . Chronic PTSD in the supportive counseling condition was characterized by greater avoidance behaviors than in the prolonged exposure condition or the prolonged exposure plus anxiety management condition . CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PTSD can be effectively prevented with an early provision of cognitive behavior therapy and that prolonged exposure may be the most critical component in the treatment of acute stress disorder The aim of this study was to index the long-term benefits of early provision of cognitive behavior therapy to trauma survivors with acute stress disorder . Civilian trauma survivors ( n = 80 ) with acute stress disorder were r and omly allocated to either cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) or supportive counseling ( SC ) - 69 completed treatment , and 41 were assessed four years post-treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale . Two CBT patients ( 8 % ) and four SC patients ( 25 % ) met PTSD criteria at four-year follow-up . Patients who received CBT reported less intense PTSD symptoms , and particularly less frequent and less avoidance symptoms , than patients who received SC . These findings suggest that early provision of CBT in the initial month after trauma has long-term benefits for people who are at risk of developing PTSD The long-term benefits of cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) for trauma survivors with acute stress disorder were investigated by assessing patients 3 years after treatment . Civilian trauma survivors ( n=87 ) were r and omly allocated to six sessions of CBT , CBT combined with hypnosis , or supportive counselling ( SC ) , 69 completed treatment , and 53 were assessed 2 years post-treatment for  post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale . In terms of treatment completers , 2 CBT patients ( 10 % ) , 4 CBT/hypnosis patients ( 22 % ) , and 10 SC patients ( 63 % ) met PTSD criteria at 2-years follow-up . Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that 12 CBT patients ( 36 % ) , 14 CBT/hypnosis patients ( 46 % ) , and 16 SC patients ( 67 % ) met PTSD criteria at 2-year follow-up . Patients who received CBT and CBT/hypnosis reported less re-experiencing and less avoidance symptoms than patients who received SC . These findings point to the long-term benefits of early provision of CBT in the initial month after trauma 
    Output:
    
Anxiety and depression scores were generally lower in the TFCBT groups than in the SC groups .
Conclusion There is evidence for the effectiveness of TFCBT compared to SC in preventing chronic PTSD in patients with an initial ASD diagnosis .