***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Non-r and omised studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation , but their results may be biased . It is therefore important to underst and and appraise their strengths and weaknesses . We developed ROBINS-I ( “ Risk Of Bias In Non-r and omised Studies - of Interventions ” ) , a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness ( harm or benefit ) of interventions from studies that did not use r and omisation  to allocate units ( individuals or clusters of individuals ) to comparison groups . The tool will be particularly useful to those undertaking systematic review s that include non-r and omised studies The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of overbite correction achieved by a conventional continuous arch wire technique and the segmented arch technique as recommended by Burstone . The sample comprised 50 adult patients ( age 18 to 40 years ) with deep bites . Twenty-five patients were treated with a continuous arch wire technique ( CAW ) ; in the second half of the sample , the segmented arch technique ( Burstone ) was used for correction of the vertical malocclusion . Lateral cephalograms and plaster cast models taken before and immediately after treatment were evaluated . Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data . The results showed that both techniques produced a highly significant overbite reduction ( CAW : -3.17 mm , p < 0.001 ; Burstone : -3.56 mm , p < 0.001 ) . The CAW group showed an extrusion in the molar area with subsequent posterior rotation of the m and ible ( 6occl-ML : + 1.30 mm ; 6occl-NSL : + 1.63 mm ; ML/NSL : + 1.94 degrees , all p < 0.001 ) . The Burstone group , however , showed overbite reduction by incisor intrusion without any substantial extrusion of posterior teeth ( upper 1-NSL : -1.50 mm ; lower 1-ML : -1.72 mm ; both p < 0.001 ) . As a consequence , no significant posterior rotation of the m and ible took place ( ML/NSL : + 0.52 degrees , n.s . ) . It is concluded that in adult patients the segmented arch technique ( Burstone ) can be considered as being superior to a conventional continuous arch wire technique if arch leveling by incisor intrusion is indicated INTRODUCTION The aim of this prospect i ve study was to compare the effects of  incisor intrusion obtained with the aid of miniscrews and utility arches . METHODS Twenty-four patients ( 10 male , 14 female ) with a deepbite of at least 4 mm were divided to 2 groups . In group 1 , 13 patients ( 3 male , 10 female ; mean age , 20.90 ± 7.12 years ) in the postpubertal growth period were treated by using miniscrews ; in group 2 , 11 patients ( 7 male , 4 female ; mean age , 15.25 ± 3.93 years ) were treated with utility arches . Lateral cephalometric headfilms were taken at the beginning of treatment and after intrusion for the evaluation of the treatment changes . Statistical analyses of the data were performed with a significance level of P < 0.05 . RESULTS Intrusion lasted 6.61 ± 2.95 months for group 1 and 6.61 ± 2.46 months for group 2 . The changes in the center of resistance of the incisors were 1.75 ± 0.4 mm ( P < 0.05 ) for group 1 and 0.86 ± 0.5 mm ( P > 0.05 ) for group 2 ; the difference between the groups was significant ( P < 0.05 ) . In the miniscrew group , the incisors were protruded 0.79 ± 1.4 mm ( P > 0.05 ) relative to pterygoid vertical and 3.85 ° ± 2.4 ° ( P > 0.05 ) relative to the palatal plane . In group 2 , the incisors showed 3.91 ± 0.7 mm ( P < 0.05 ) of protrusion relative to pterygoid vertical and 13.55 ° ± 2.4 ° ( P < 0.05 ) relative to the palatal plane . The maxillary first molars showed significant distal tipping in group 2 ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Unlike with utility arches , true maxillary incisor intrusion can be achieved by application of intrusive forces close to the center of resistance by using miniscrews with no counteractive movements in the molars 
    Output:
    
This was statistically significant , but not clinical ly relevant .
No clinical difference was found between TADs and the conventional method of anchorage loss