***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Mobile phone-based psychological interventions enable real time self-monitoring and self-management , and large-scale dissemination . However , few studies have focussed on mild-to-moderate symptoms where public health need is greatest , and none have targeted work and social functioning . This study reports outcomes of a CONSORT-compliant r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) to evaluate the efficacy of myCompass , a self-guided psychological treatment delivered via mobile phone and computer , design ed to reduce mild-to-moderate depression , anxiety and stress , and improve work and social functioning . Method Community-based volunteers with mild-to-moderate depression , anxiety and /or stress ( N = 720 ) were r and omly assigned to the myCompass program , an attention control intervention , or to a waitlist condition for seven weeks . The interventions were fully automated , without any human input or guidance . Participants ’ symptoms and functioning were assessed at baseline , post-intervention and 3-month follow-up , using the Depression , Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale . Results Retention rates at post-intervention and follow-up for the study sample were 72.1 % ( n = 449 ) and 48.6 % ( n = 350 ) respectively . The myCompass group showed significantly greater improvement in symptoms of depression , anxiety and stress and in work and social functioning relative to both control conditions at the end of the 7-week intervention phase ( between-group effect sizes ranged from d = .22 to d = .55 based on the observed means ) . Symptom scores remained at near normal levels at 3-month follow-up . Participants in the attention control condition showed gradual symptom improvement during the post-intervention phase and their scores did not differ from the myCompass group at 3-month follow-up . Conclusions The myCompass program is an effective public health program , facilitating rapid improvements in symptoms and in work and social functioning for individuals with mild-to-moderate mental health problems . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN Background Prevention of the onset of depression in adolescence may prevent social dysfunction , teenage pregnancy , substance abuse , suicide , and mental health conditions in adulthood . New technologies allow delivery of prevention programs scalable to large and disparate population s. Objective To develop and test the novel mobile phone delivery of a  depression prevention intervention for adolescents . We describe the development of the intervention and the results of participants ’ self-reported satisfaction with the intervention . Methods The intervention was developed from 15 key messages derived from cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) . The program was fully automated and delivered in 2 mobile phone messages/day for 9 weeks , with a mixture of text , video , and cartoon messages and a mobile website . Delivery modalities were guided by social cognitive theory and marketing principles . The intervention was compared with an attention control program of the same number and types of messages on different topics . A double-blind r and omized controlled trial was undertaken in high schools in Auckl and , New Zeal and , from June 2009 to April 2011 . Results A total of 1348 students ( 13–17 years of age ) volunteered to participate at group sessions in schools , and 855 were eventually r and omly assigned to groups . Of these , 835 ( 97.7 % ) self-completed follow-up question naires at postprogram interviews on satisfaction , perceived usefulness , and adherence to the intervention . Over three-quarters of participants viewed at least half of the messages and 90.7 % ( 379/418 ) in the intervention group reported they would refer the program to a friend . Intervention group participants said the intervention helped them to be more positive ( 279/418 , 66.7 % ) and to get rid of negative thoughts ( 210/418 , 50.2%)—significantly higher than proportions in the control group . Conclusions Key messages from CBT can be delivered by mobile phone , and young people report that these are helpful . Change in clinician-rated depression symptom scores from baseline to 12 months , yet to be completed , will provide evidence on the effectiveness of the intervention . If proven effective , this form of delivery may be useful in many countries lacking widespread mental health services but with extensive mobile phone coverage . Clinical Trial Australia New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN ) : 12609000405213 ; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=83667 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/64aueRqOb Background The widespread use of smartphones makes effective therapies such as cognitive – behavioural therapy ( CBT ) potentially accessible to large numbers of people . Aims This paper reports the usage data of the first trial of Catch It , a new CBT smartphone app .  Method Uptake and usage rates , fidelity of user responses to CBT principles , and impact on reported negative and positive moods were assessed . Results A relatively modest proportion of people chose to download the app . Once used , the app tended to be used more than once , and 84 % of the user-generated content was consistent with the basic concepts of CBT . There were statistically significant reductions in negative mood intensity and increases in positive mood intensity . Conclusions Smartphone apps have potential beneficial effects in mental health through the application of basic CBT principles . More research with r and omised controlled trial design s should be conducted . Declaration of interest None . Copyright and usage © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016 . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial , No Derivatives ( CC BY-NC-ND ) licence Background The objectives are to compare the effectiveness of cell phone-supported SMS messaging to st and ard care on adherence , quality of life , retention , and mortality in a population receiving antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) in Nairobi , Kenya . Methods and Design A multi-site r and omized controlled open-label trial . A central r and omization centre provided opaque envelopes to allocate treatments . Patients initiating ART at three comprehensive care clinics in Kenya will be r and omized to receive either a structured weekly SMS ( ' short message system ' or text message ) slogan ( the intervention ) or current st and ard of care support mechanisms alone ( the control ) . Our hypothesis is that using a structured mobile phone protocol to keep in touch with patients will improve adherence to ART and other patient outcomes . Participants are evaluated at baseline , and then at six and twelve months after initiating ART . The care providers keep a weekly study log of all phone based communications with study participants . Primary outcomes are self-reported adherence to ART and suppression of HIV viral load at twelve months scheduled follow-up . Secondary outcomes are improvements in health , quality of life , social and economic factors , and retention on ART . Primary analysis is by ' intention-to-treat ' . Sensitivity analysis will be used to assess per- protocol effects . Analysis of covariates will be undertaken to determine factors that contribute or deter from expected and determined outcomes . Discussion This study protocol tests whether a novel structured mobile phone intervention can positively contribute to ART management in a re source -limited setting .Trial Registration Trial Registration Number : Background Major depressive disorder ( MDD ) is projected to rank second on a list of 15 major diseases in terms of burden in 2030 . The major contribution of MDD to disability and health care costs is largely due to its highly recurrent nature . Accordingly , efforts to reduce the disabling effects of this chronic condition should shift to preventing recurrence , especially in patients at high risk of recurrence . Given its high prevalence and the fact that interventions are necessary during the remitted phase , new approaches are needed to prevent relapse in depression . Methods / design The best established effective and available psychological intervention is cognitive therapy . However , it is costly and not available for most patients . Therefore , we will compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of self-management supported by online CT accompanied by SMS based tele-monitoring of depressive symptomatology , i.e. Mobile Cognitive Therapy ( M-CT ) versus treatment as us usual ( TAU ) .  Remitted patients ( n = 268 ) with at least two previous depressive episodes will be recruited and r and omized over ( 1 ) M-CT in addition to TAU versus ( 2 ) TAU alone , with follow-ups at 3 , 12 , and 24 months . R and omization will be stratified for number of previous episodes and type of treatment as usual . Primary outcome is time until relapse/recurrence over 24 months using DSM-IV-TR criteria as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders ( SCID ) . For the economic evaluation the balance between costs and health outcomes will be compared across strategies using a societal perspective . Discussion Internet-based interventions might be helpful in empowering patients to become their own disease managers in this lifelong recurrent disorder . This is , as far as we are aware of , the first study that examines the ( cost ) effectiveness of an E-mental health program using SMS monitoring of symptoms with therapist support to prevent relapse in remitted recurrently depressed patients .Trial registration Netherl and s Trial Register ( NTR ) : Background Mobile apps for mental health have the potential to overcome access barriers to mental health care , but there is little information on whether patients use the interventions as intended and the impact they have on mental health outcomes . Objective The objective of our study was to document and compare use patterns and clinical outcomes across the United States between 3 different self-guided mobile apps for depression . Methods Participants were recruited through Web-based advertisements and social media and were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3  mood apps . Treatment and assessment were conducted remotely on each participant ’s smartphone or tablet with minimal contact with study staff . We enrolled 626 English-speaking adults ( ≥18 years old ) with mild to moderate depression as determined by a 9-item Patient Health Question naire ( PHQ-9 ) score ≥5 , or if their score on item 10 was ≥2 . The apps were ( 1 ) Project : EVO , a cognitive training app theorized to mitigate depressive symptoms by improving cognitive control , ( 2 ) iPST , an app based on an evidence -based psychotherapy for depression , and ( 3 ) Health Tips , a treatment control . Outcomes were scores on the PHQ-9 and the Sheehan Disability Scale . Adherence to treatment was measured as number of times participants opened and used the apps as instructed . Results We r and omly assigned 211 participants to iPST , 209 to Project : EVO , and 206 to Health Tips . Among the participants , 77.0 % ( 482/626 ) had a PHQ-9 score > 10 ( moderately depressed ) . Among the participants using the 2 active apps , 57.9 % ( 243/420 ) did not download their assigned intervention app but did not differ demographically from those who did . Differential treatment effects were present in participants with baseline PHQ-9 score > 10 , with the cognitive training and problem-solving apps result ing in greater effects on mood than the information control app ( χ22=6.46 , P=.04 ) . Conclusions Mobile apps for depression appear to have their greatest impact on people with more moderate levels of depression . In particular , an app that is design ed to engage cognitive correlates of depression had the strongest effect on depressed mood in this sample . This study suggests that mobile apps reach many people and are useful for more moderate levels of depression . Clinical Trial Clinical trials.gov NCT00540865 ; https://www . clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00540865 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6mj8IPqQr Background Bipolar disorder patients frequently present recurrent episodes and often experience subsyndromal  symptoms  ,  cognitive impairment and difficulties in functioning  , with a  low quality of life , illness relapses and recurrent hospitalization . Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention may play a role in preventing neuroprogression in this disorder . New technologies represent an opportunity to develop st and ardized psychological treatments using internet-based tools that overcome some of the limitations of face-to-face treatments , in that they are readily accessible and the timing of therapy can be tailored to user needs and availability . However , although many psychological programs are offered through the web and mobile devices for bipolar disorder , there is a lack of high quality evidence concerning their efficacy and effectiveness due to the great variability in measures and methodology used . Methods This clinical trial is a simple-blind r and omized trial within a European project to compare an internet-based intervention with treatment as usual .  Bipolar disorder patients are to be included and r and omly assigned to one of two groups : 1 ) the experimental group ( tele-care support ) and 2 ) the control group . Participants in both groups will be evaluated at baseline ( pre-treatment ) and post-treatment . Discussion This study describes the design of a clinical trial based on psychoeducation intervention that may have a significant impact on both prognosis and treatment in bipolar disorder . Specifically , bringing different services together ( service aggregation ) , it is hoped that the approach proposed will significantly increase the impact of information and communication technologies on access and adherence to treatment , quality of the service , patient safety , patient and professional satisfaction , and quality of life of patients .Trial registration NCT02924415 . Retrospectively registered 27 September It is well-known that the United States is facing an obesity epidemic , and the long-term sequelae are costly ( 1 , 2 ) . Research ers continue to search for effective  weight-loss interventions that can be applied in outpatient setting s , but these are often time-consuming and re source -intensive , requiring repeated counseling ( 
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Studies show improvement in physical health and significant reductions of anxiety , stress , and depression .
Usability and feasibility of mHealth interventions , where reported , also gave promising , significant results .
Conclusions The review shows the promising and emerging efficacy of using mobile apps and SMS text messaging as mHealth interventions