***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This r and omized clinical trial tested hypotheses that there are no differences in patient satisfaction , component costs , or treatment and maintenance times when m and ibular overdentures are retained by one or two implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Subjects wearing conventional complete dentures were r and omized to receive either one midline or two bilateral m and ibular implants followed by a m and ibular denture reline to incorporate implant retention . They indicated on a visual analog scale satisfaction with their dentures before implants and at 2 months and 1 year after implant retention . Satisfaction outcomes between the two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney nonparametric rank test , while changes within each group were analyzed using signed-rank tests . Component costs and times for surgery , prosthodontic treatment , and maintenance were compared using nonparametric and t tests . RESULTS Eighty-six subjects enrolled in this study and 85 completed the 1-year follow-up , at which median satisfaction was 93 ( maximum 100 ) in the single-implant group and 94 in the two-implant group ( P > .5 ) . Within each group , median improvement in satisfaction was similarly dramatic ( approximately 44 ) and significant ( P < .001 ) . Prosthodontic maintenance time was similar for both groups ( P > .37 ) , but the single-implant group had significantly lower component costs ( P < .001 ) and lower times for surgery ( P = .002 ) , postsurgical denture maintenance ( P = .021 ) , and denture reline ( P < .001 ) . Five implants failed in four subjects , all in the two-implant group and all before denture reline . CONCLUSION Lower component costs and treatment times , with comparable satisfaction and maintenance time over the first year , indicate that a m and ibular overdenture retained by a single midline implant may be an alternative to the customary two-implant overdenture for maladaptive denture patients OBJECTIVES Immediate loading of two unsplinted m and ibular implants by means of an overdenture may be a viable and cost-effective treatment option to improve the patient 's oral health-related quality of life . We therefore conducted a prospect i ve observational study to estimate implant survival and patient satisfaction after an immediate loading protocol in edentulous patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty edentulous patients who received two interforaminal implants ( Straumann St and ard implant , length 12 mm ) were included in our study . Immediately after implant placement , ball attachments with a diameter of 2.25 mm were placed on the implants and the respective matrices were directly incorporated in the existing complete denture . Clinical recalls were scheduled 1 week , 1 , 3 , 6 months , and 1 and 2 years after implant placement . The following clinical parameters were assessed : gingival bleeding index ( GBI ) , visual plaque index ( VPI ) , and soft tissue overgrowth . In addition , we also assessed radiological bone level change ( RBLC ) using panoramic radiographs , and patient satisfaction using a visual analogue scale at baseline , after 6 months and 2 years . RESULTS No implant failures occurred during the 2-year observation period , result ing in a survival rate of 100 % . The mean RBLC was 0.67 mm ( 95 % Confidence Interval [ 95 % CI ] : 0.47 - 0.86 mm ) two years after surgery . The GBI and VPI after two years were 24 ( 95 % CI : 9 - 38)% and 36 ( 95 % CI : 19 - 53)% , respectively . Soft tissue overgrowth was 1.6 mm ( 95 % CI : 1.1 - 2.1 ) on average after two years . In a multivariate regression model , patients with a GBI ≥50 % on average showed an increased RBLC ( -0.6 mm , p = 0.007 ) . High patient ratings were recorded for overall satisfaction . Overall patient satisfaction measured on a scale between one and ten was 5.2 ( 95 % CI : 2.1 - 8.5 ) before implant placement and 9.5 ( 95 % CI : 9.1 - 10 ) after 2 years . CONCLUSION Immediate loading of two unsplinted interforaminal implants in overdenture patients using ball attachments is a clinical ly viable treatment option that leads to a high survival rate and oral health-related quality of life OBJECTIVES Oral rehabilitation by means of implant-retained m and ibular overdentures  is known to improve oral function . The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of m and ibular implant treatment on oral function . We quantified maximum bite force and masticatory performance 10 years after implant treatment . It was hypothesized that these outcome measures would not change in this period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Eighteen edentulous patients were scheduled for re-evaluation of their oral function 10 years after they had participated in a r and omized cross-over clinical trial . In that trial , they had received two m and ibular implants and a new denture with successively magnet- , ball-socket , and bar-clip attachments . RESULTS At the 10-year follow-up , 14 of the initial 18 patients participated in the evaluation . As a result of the implant treatment , the average maximum bite force more than doubled , from 162 to 341 N , whereas the average number of chewing cycles to halve the initial particle size decreased from 55 to 27 cycles . No significant changes in maximum bite force and masticatory performance were observed after 10 years . However , the average maximum bite force obtained with implant-retained overdentures is still significantly lower than that of dentate subjects ( 569 N ) . CONCLUSION Maximum bite force and masticatory performance significantly increased after implant treatment and remained unaltered during the following 10-year period . Thus , implant treatment greatly improves oral function for a long period of time PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate implant survival rate , peri-implant conditions , and prosthodontic maintenance for implant-supported m and ibular overdentures rigidly retained with a milled bar . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Patients with 4 interforaminal implants ( cylindric or screw-type ) supporting an overdenture on a milled bar treated between 1996 and 2004 were asked to participate in a retrospective study . The cumulative implant survival rate and peri-implant conditions ( marginal bone loss , pocket depth , Plaque Index , Gingival Index , Bleeding Index , and calculus presence ) were evaluated and compared between cylindric and screw-type implants . The incidence and type of prosthodontic maintenance and subjective patient satisfaction rating were also evaluated . RESULTS Fifty-eight of 67 patients ( 87.3 % ) and 232 implants ( 76 cylindric , 156 screw-type ) were available for follow-up examination after a mean period of 59.2 + /- 26.9 months . The cumulative implant survival rate was 99 % , and no differences in peri-implant soft tissue conditions were noted between the different implant types used . The cylindric implants showed more pronounced marginal bone resorption than the screw-type implants ( 1.9 + /- 0.6 mm vs 2.2 + /- 0.6 mm ; P = .02 ) but the difference was not clinical ly significant . A low incidence of prosthodontic maintenance evenly distributed throughout the overall follow-up period and a high subjective satisfaction rating by the patients were noted . CONCLUSION Interforaminal screw-type and cylindric implants supporting a milled bar for rigid overdenture anchorage were associated with a high survival rate and excellent peri-implant conditions . The incidence of prosthodontic maintenance was low and evenly distributed throughout the follow-up period as a result of rigid denture stabilization by the milled bar . Rigid anchorage of a m and ibular overdenture with a milled bar unites the prosthodontic advantages of removable and fixed prostheses . ( Clinical Trial ) ( More than 50 references . The aim of this prospect i ve r and omized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate and compare clinical aspects and satisfaction during the first year following treatment and consecutively the change in treatment during the next 4 years of follow-up . Patients were allocated to one of the following treatment modalities : an implant-retained overdenture ( IRO-group , 2 endosseous implants , n = 61 ) or  a complete denture ( CD-group , n = 60 ) . One year after placement of the denture , unsatisfied patients of the CD-group got the opportunity for a retreatment including an implant-retained overdenture . In the IRO-group 4 implants were lost during the first year and again 4 implants were lost during the next 4 years ( survival rate : 93 % ) . All patients could be re-operated successfully . In the CD-group 14 patients ( 23 % ) chose an implant-retained overdenture after 1 year . Patients of the IRO-group were significantly more satisfied than patients of the CD-group after 1 year ( satisfaction score 8.3 versus 6.6 , scale 1 - 10 ) and after 5 years ( 7.4 versus 6.4 ) . From this study it can be concluded that endosseous implants have a high survival rate after 5-years ' follow-up . Satisfaction score of the IRO-group is diminishing in time , probably because patients get used to an improved situation . After 5 years , the mean satisfaction score of the CD-group ( including patients who got implants ) was still lower than of the IRO-group , in spite of the opportunity to a retreatment and have implant-retained overdentures PURPOSE The purpose was to assess and compare self-reported oral health and oral and general health related quality of life ( OHRQoL and HRQoL ) in two groups of edentulous adults who reported dissatisfaction with their m and ibular dentures , and who were treated with a conventional relining of this denture or by having it converted into an implant-retained one . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty subjects were r and omly allocated into two equal groups , a relined conventional denture ( RCD ) group and an implant-retained overdenture ( IOD ) group .  Data on demographics , oral health , OHRQoL , and HRQoL were recorded by means of a self-administered question naire at baseline , 3 months , and 2 years . RESULTS Fifty-four subjects completed the protocol , 28 in the IOD-group and 26 in the RCD-group . The IOD group reported significant improvement in oral health and Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP-20 ) sum score and all its domains after 3 months . The improvements remained stable at the 2-year control . The RCD group reported almost no significant improvements . Neither group reported improved HRQoL. CONCLUSION The results of this study support the findings from other RCT studies that to implant-retain the m and ibular denture significantly improves self-reported oral health and OHRQoL. This treatment modality should be a minimum st and ard of care in complete denture wearers dissatisfied with their m and ibular denture OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve , r and omized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of a minimally invasive implant procedure for denture stabilization on patients ' quality of life ( QoL ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty totally edentulous patients were selected for this study . All prostheses were adjusted and relined before r and omization and allocation to treatment either with two small diameter implants ( SDI ) - retained overdenture ( study group ) or non-intervention group ( control group ) . Quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-EDENT ( OHIP-EDENT ) question naire before intervention and at one-year follow-up . Between-group comparisons were carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test . RESULTS Magnitude of change in the OHIP-EDENT total score at one-year follow-up was 25.4 ± 10.7 for the study group , revealing a statistically significant difference with the control group , that showed a change of 9.5 ± 8.3 ( P = < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS After one-year follow-up , patients wearing m and ibular overdentures with two minimally invasive splinted SDI , experienced more improvements in perceived oral health-related quality of life , than patients having conventional treatment PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare denture satisfaction and chewing ability of edentulous patients treated with dental implant-retained overdentures or with full dentures with or without previous preprosthetic surgery .  PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a controlled clinical trial . Thirty-eight men and 52 women participated in the study . The mean height of the anterior m and ible was 21 mm ( range , 16 to 25 mm ) , measured on a lateral cephalometric radiograph . The subjects were r and omly assigned to the three treatment modalities . The main outcome measures were denture satisfaction and chewing ability , which were assessed using question naires focusing on denture-related complaints and the ability to chew different types of food , and an overall denture satisfaction score . RESULTS Based on the baseline data from the " denture complaints " and " chewing ability " question naires , nine interpretable factors could be extracted . Two factors did not vary following treatment and were excluded from the outcome analysis . At the 1-year evaluation five of seven factors showed significantly better scores for the two surgical groups than for the control group . The same was found for the overall denture satisfaction rate . CONCLUSION Overdentures retained by dental implants or complete dentures made after a vestibuloplasty and deepening of the floor of the mouth provide a more satisfactory solution for denture-related problems than complete dentures alone . For the 
    Output:
    
Implant-supported dentures were accompanied by high patient 's satisfaction with regard to denture comfort , but this high satisfaction was not always accompanied by improvement in general quality of life ( QoL ) and /or health-related QoL. Bite force improved , masseter thickness increased and muscle activity in rest decreased .
Patients could chew better and eat more tough foods .
No changes were seen in dietary intake , BMI and blood markers .
Improvements reported after 1 year apparently decreased slightly with time , at least on the long run .
Treating complete denture wearers with implants to support their denture improves their chewing efficiency , increases maximum bite force and clearly improves satisfaction .
The effect on QoL is uncertain , and there is no effect on nutritional state