***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( HSCT ) experience is emotionally and physically stressful for cancer patients who undergo this procedure .  Mindfulness-based interventions have been studied in patients with various diagnoses , including cancer , although minimal work has applied this intervention to hospitalized patients . Use of mindfulness meditation has potential to provide HSCT patients with coping skills to deal with unpleasant symptoms and an uncertain future . This exploratory study examined feasibility , physiological arousal , and psychological and physical symptoms in HSCT patients participating in a mindfulness meditation intervention that begins before and continues throughout hospitalization and involves one-on-one guided sessions and daily practice using a 17-minute meditation CD .  Of the 20 participants , 78.9 % completed the intervention . Statistically significant decreases in heart and respiratory rates and improvements in symptoms immediately before and after each session were found . These findings demonstrate feasibility and preliminary support of a mindfulness meditation intervention with symptomatic , hospitalized cancer patients Purpose . To determine if participation in a Wellness-Based Mindfulness Stress Reduction intervention decreases the effect of daily hassles , psychological distress , and medical symptoms . Design . A r and omized controlled trial of a stress reduction intervention with a 3-month follow-up . Setting . A university setting in West Virginia . Subjects . A total of 103 adults , with 59 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group . Eight-five percent of subjects completed the intervention . Fifty-nine percent and 61 % of the intervention and control subjects completed the study , respectively . Intervention . The intervention consisted of an 8-week group stress reduction program in which subjects learned , practice d , and applied “ mindfulness meditation ” to daily life situations . The control group received educational material s and were encouraged to use community re sources for stress management . Measures . The Daily Stress Inventory assessed the effect of daily hassles , the Revised Hopkins Symptom Checklist measured psychological distress , the Medical Symptom Checklist measured number of medical symptoms , and a Follow-up Question naire measured program adherence . Results . Intervention subjects reported significant decreases from baseline in effect of daily hassles ( 24 % ) , psychological distress , ( 44 % ) , and medical symptoms ( 46 % ) that were maintained at the 3-month follow-up compared to control subjects ( repeated measures analysis of variance [ ANOVA ] ; p < .05 ) . Conclusions . Self-selected community residents can improve their mental and physical health by participating in a stress reduction intervention offered by a university wellness program Background There is increasing recognition of mindfulness and mindfulness training as a way to decrease stress and increase psychological functioning . Purpose The aims of this study were to examine the effects of mindfulness stress reduction training on perceived stress and psychological well-being and to examine if changes in mindfulness mediate intervention effects on these outcomes . Methods Seventy women and one man with a previous cancer diagnosis ( mean age 51.8 years , st and ard deviation = 9.86 ) were r and omized into an intervention group or a wait-list control group . The intervention consisted of an 8-week mindfulness training course . Results Compared to participants in the control group , participants in the mindfulness training group had significantly decreased perceived stress and posttraumatic avoidance symptoms and increased positive states of mind . Those who participated in the intervention reported a significant increase in scores on the five-facet mindfulness question naire ( FFMQ ) when compared to controls . The increase in FFMQ score mediated the effects of the intervention on perceived stress , posttraumatic avoidance symptoms , and positive states of mind . Conclusions This study indicates that the improvements in psychological well-being result ing from mindfulness stress reduction training can potentially be explained by increased levels of mindfulness as measured with the FFMQ . The importance of these findings for future research in the field of mindfulness is discussed Fibromyalgia is a chronic illness characterized by widespread pain , fatigue , sleep disturbance , and resistance to treatment . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program on fibromyalgia . Seventy-seven patients meeting the 1990 criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for fibromyalgia took part in a 10-week group outpatient program . Therapists followed a carefully defined treatment approach and met weekly to further promote uniformity . Patients were evaluated before and after the program . Initial evaluation included a psychiatric structured clinical interview ( SCID ) . Outcome measures included visual analog scales to measure global well-being , pain , sleep , fatigue , and feeling refreshed in the morning . Patients also completed a medical symptom checklist , SCL-90-R , Coping Strategies Question naire , Fibromyalgia Impact Question naire , and the Fibromyalgia Attitude Index . Although the mean scores of all the patients completing the program showed improvement , 51 % showed moderate to marked improvement and only they were counted as " responders . " These preliminary findings suggest that a meditation-based stress reduction program  is effective for patients with fibromyalgia Sleep disturbance is a very common problem for cancer patients that has largely not been addressed in the clinical intervention literature . Mindfulness meditation has demonstrated clinical benefits for a variety of patient population s in other areas of functioning . This study examined the effects of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) program on the sleep quality of a heterogeneous sample of 63 cancer patients . Overall sleep disturbance was significantly reduced ( p < .001 ) and participants reported that their sleep quality had improved ( p < .001 ) . There was also a significant reduction in stress ( p < .001 ) , mood disturbance ( p = .001 ) , and fatigue ( p < .001 ) . The associations among these changes and implication s for improving quality of life of cancer patients are discussed OBJECTIVES Considerable morbidity persists among survivors of breast cancer ( BC ) including high levels of psychological stress , anxiety , depression , fear of recurrence , and physical symptoms including pain , fatigue , and sleep disturbances , and impaired quality of life . Effective interventions are needed during this difficult transitional period . METHODS We conducted a r and omized controlled trial of 84 female BC survivors ( Stages 0-III ) recruited from the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute . All subjects were within 18 months of treatment completion with surgery and adjuvant radiation and /or chemotherapy .  Subjects were r and omly assigned to a 6-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) program design ed to self-regulate arousal to stressful circumstances or symptoms ( n=41 ) or to usual care ( n=43 ) . Outcome measures compared at 6 weeks by r and om assignment included vali date d measures of psychological status ( depression , anxiety , perceived stress , fear of recurrence , optimism , social support ) and psychological and physical subscales of quality of life ( SF-36 ) . RESULTS Compared with usual care , subjects assigned to MBSR(BC ) had significantly lower ( two-sided p<0.05 ) adjusted mean levels of depression ( 6.3 vs 9.6 ) , anxiety ( 28.3 vs 33.0 ) , and fear of recurrence ( 9.3 vs 11.6 ) at 6 weeks , along with higher energy ( 53.5 vs 49.2 ) , physical functioning ( 50.1 vs 47.0 ) , and physical role functioning ( 49.1 vs 42.8 ) . In stratified analyses , subjects more compliant with MBSR tended to experience greater improvements in measures of energy and physical functioning . CONCLUSIONS Among BC survivors within 18 months of treatment completion , a 6-week MBSR(BC ) program result ed in significant improvements in psychological status and quality of life compared with usual care OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of breast cancer , the most common type of cancer among American women , elicits greater distress than any other diagnosis regardless of prognosis . Therefore , the present study examined the efficacy of a stress reduction intervention for women with breast cancer . METHODS As part of a larger , r and omized , controlled study of the effects on measures of stress of a mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) intervention for women with breast cancer , the current analyses examined the effects on sleep complaints . RESULTS Analyses of the data indicated that both MBSR and a free choice ( FC ) control condition produced significant improvement on daily diary sleep quality measures though neither showed significant improvement on sleep-efficiency . Participants in the MBSR who reported greater mindfulness practice improved significantly more on the sleep quality measure most strongly associated with distress . CONCLUSION MBSR appears to be a promising intervention to improve the quality of sleep in woman with breast cancer whose sleep complaints are due to stress OBJECTIVE This study explores satisfaction and changes in well-being in cancer patients following mindfulness-based stress reduction training .  METHOD Data were collected in 47 cancer patients before and after the training , and also 1 year later . St and ardized question naires were used to measure quality of life , joy in life , mood disturbances ( depression , anger , vigor , fatigue , and tension ) , meaning in life and physical symptoms . RESULTS Participants were highly satisfied and said they had reached their goals with the training . The results show that directly after the training patients reported a better quality of life , more joy in life , less tension , and fewer physical symptoms . These effects appeared even stronger at follow-up . A year after the training a decrease was also found in depression , anger , vigor and total mood disturbance . No changes could be established for meaning in life and fatigue . Effect sizes varied between 0.28 and 0.60 , indicating small-to-moderate changes . CONCLUSION Mindfulness training potentially supports cancer patients in h and ling the stress due to their life-threatening disease and increases their well-being . Several suggestions for further research are discussed . PRACTICE IMPLICATION S Mindfulness training provides cancer patients with tools to deal with their limitations and worries , both during and after their treatment The purpose of this study was to gather data on the efficacy of a newly developed psychosocial group intervention for cancer patients , called mindfulness-based art therapy ( MBAT ) .  One hundred and eleven women with a variety of cancer diagnoses were paired by age and r and omized to either an eight-week MBAT intervention group or a wait-list control group .  Ninety-three participants ( 84 % ) completed both the pre- and post- study measurements . As compared to the control group , the MBAT group demonstrated a significant decrease in symptoms of distress ( as measured by the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised ) and significant improvements in key aspects of health-related quality of life ( as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey ) . This investigation of MBAT provides initial encouraging data that support a possible future role for the intervention as a psychosocial treatment option for cancer patients Previous research on depressed and suicidal patients and those with posttraumatic stress disorder has shown that patients ' memory for the past is overgeneral ( i.e. , patients retrieve generic summaries of past events rather than specific events ) . This study investigated whether autobiographical memory could be affected by psychological treatment . Recovered depressed patients were r and omly allocated to receive either treatment as usual or treatment design ed to reduce risk of relapse . Whereas control patients showed no change in specificity of memories recalled in response to cue words , the treatment group showed a significantly reduced number of generic memories . Although such a memory deficit may arise from long-st and ing tendencies to encode and retrieve events generically , such a style is open to modification This study evaluated mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ( MBCT ) , a group intervention design ed to train recovered recurrently depressed patients to disengage from dysphoria-activated depressogenic thinking that may mediate relapse/recurrence . Recovered recurrently depressed patients ( n = 145 ) were r and omized to continue with treatment as usual or , in addition , to receive MBCT .  Relapse/recurrence to major depression was assessed over a 60-week study period . For patients with 3 or more previous episodes of depression ( 77 % of the sample ) , MBCT significantly reduced risk of relapse/recurrence . For patients with only 2 previous episodes , MBCT did not reduce relapse/recurrence .  MBCT offers a promising cost-efficient psychological approach to preventing relapse/recurrence in recovered recurrently depressed patients OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ( MBCT ) for individuals with a diagnosis of cancer . METHOD Participants ( N = 115 ) diagnosed with cancer , across site and stage , were r and omly allocated to either the treatment or the wait-list condition . Treatment was conducted at 1 site , by a single therapist , and involved participation in 8 weekly 2-hr sessions that focused on mindfulness . Participants meditated for up to 1 hr daily and attended an additional full-day session during the course . Participants were assessed before treatment and 10 weeks later ; this second assessment occurred immediately after completion of the program for the treatment condition . The treatment condition was also assessed at 3 months postintervention . All postinitial assessment s were completed by assessors who were blind to treatment allocation . RESULTS There were large and significant improvements in mindfulness ( effect size [ ES ] = 0.55 ) , depression ( ES = 0.83 ) , anxiety ( ES = 0.59 ) , and distress ( ES = 0.53 ) as well as a trend for quality of life ( ES = 0.30 ) for MBCT participants compared to those who had not received the training . The wait-list group was assessed before and after receiving the intervention and demonstrated similar change . CONCLUSIONS These improvements represent clinical ly meaningful change and provide evidence for the provision of MBCT within oncology setting OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an intensive dietary intervention on diet and body mass in women with breast cancer . DESIGN R and omized clinical trial . SUBJECTS 172 women aged 20 to 65 years with stage I or II breast cancer . INTERVENTION A 15-session , mainly group-based and dietitian-led nutrition education program ( NEP ) was compared to a mindfulness-based 
    Output:
    
MBSR programmes can improve QoL and mood , and reduce distress  in cancer patients .