***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Tigecycline , an exp and ed broad-spectrum glycylcycline , exhibits in vitro activity against many common pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) , as well as penetration into lung tissues that suggests effectiveness in hospitalized CAP patients . The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ( IV ) tigecycline with IV levofloxacin in hospitalized adults with CAP . Methods In this prospect i ve , double-blind , non-inferiority phase 3 trial , eligible patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP supported by radiographic evidence were stratified by Fine Pneumonia Severity Index and r and omized to tigecycline or levofloxacin for 7 - 14 days of therapy . Co- primary efficacy endpoints were clinical response in the clinical ly evaluable ( CE ) and clinical modified intent-to-treat ( c-mITT ) population s at test-of-cure ( Day 10 - 21 post-therapy ) . Results Of the 428 patients who received at least one dose of study drug , 79 % had CAP of mild-moderate severity according to their Fine score . Clinical cure rates for the CE population were 88.9 % for tigecycline and 85.3 % for levofloxacin . Corresponding c-mITT population rates were 83.7 % and 81.5 % , respectively . Eradication rates for Streptococcus pneumoniae were 92 % for tigecycline and 89 % for levofloxacin .  Nausea , vomiting , and diarrhoea were the most frequently reported adverse events . Rates of premature discontinuation of study drug or study withdrawal because of any adverse event were similar for both study drugs . Conclusion These findings suggest that IV tigecycline is non-inferior to IV levofloxacin and is generally well-tolerated in the treatment of hospitalized adults with CAP.Trial registration Tigecycline ( TGC ) has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety , in comparison with imipenem/cilastatin in phase 3 clinical trials , for complicated intra-abdominal infection ( cIAI ) . The present study comprised a multicentre , open-label , r and omized study of TGC vs. ceftriaxone plus metronidazole ( CTX/MET ) for the treatment of patients with cIAI . Eligible subjects were r and omized ( 1:1 ) to receive either an initial dose of TGC  ( 100 mg ) followed by 50 mg every 12 h or CTX ( 2 g once daily ) plus MET ( 1 - 2 g daily ) , for 4 - 14 days . The primary endpoint was the clinical response in the clinical ly evaluable ( CE ) population at the test of cure ( TOC ) assessment . Of 473 r and omized subjects , 376 were CE . Among these , clinical cure rates were 70.4 % ( 133/189 ) with TGC vs. 74.3 % ( 139/187 ) with CTX/MET ( 95 % CI -13.1 to 5.1 ; p 0.009 for non-inferiority ) . Clinical cure rates for subjects with Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores > or = 10 were 56.8 % ( 21/37 ) with TGC vs. 58.3 % ( 21/36 ) with CTX/MET . The microbiologic response was similar between the two treatment arms , with microbiological eradication at TOC achieved in 68.1 % ( 94/138 ) of TGC-treated subjects and 71.5 % ( 98/137 ) of CTX/MET-treated subjects . ( The most frequently reported adverse events ( AEs ) for both treatment arms were nausea ( TGC , 38.6 % vs CTX/MET , 27.7 % ) and vomiting ( TGC , 23.3 % vs CTX/MET , 17.7 % ) . Overall discontinuation rates as a result of an AE were 8.9 % and 4.8 % in TGC- and comparator-treated subjects , respectively . The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that TGC monotherapy is non-inferior to a combination regimen of CTX/MET with respect to treating subjects with cIAI OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) infections in Japan . METHODS Patients with nosocomial pneumonia , complicated skin and soft-tissue infections or sepsis caused by MRSA were r and omized to receive linezolid ( 600 mg every 12 h ) or vancomycin ( 1 g every 12 h ) . RESULTS One hundred patients received linezolid and 51 received vancomycin with outcomes evaluated at the end of therapy ( EOT ) and at the follow-up ( FU ) , 7 - 14 days later . At EOT , clinical success rates in the MRSA microbiologically evaluable population were 62.9 % and 50.0 % for the linezolid and vancomycin groups , respectively ; and microbiological eradication rates were 79.0 % and 30.0 % in the two groups , respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) . At FU , the clinical success rates were 36.7 % for both groups and the microbiological eradication rates were 46.8 % and 36.7 % , respectively . Reversible anaemia ( 13 % ) and thrombocytopenia ( 19 % ) were reported more frequently in linezolid patients ; laboratory analysis showed mild decrease in platelet counts with full recovery by FU . The mean platelet count in linezolid patients with thrombocytopenia was 101,000/mm(3 ) . Significantly low platelet counts ( < 50,000/mm(3 ) ) were observed more frequently in patients receiving vancomycin than in linezolid patients ( 6 % versus 3 % ) . Mean changes in haemoglobin levels between the two groups were not different . CONCLUSIONS Linezolid is as effective as vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infections and may be more effective than vancomycin in achieving microbiological eradication . Haematological adverse events were reported more frequently in linezolid-treated patients ; analysis of laboratory data showed a mild reversible trend towards lower platelet counts Tigecycline ( TGC ) , a glycylcycline , has exp and ed activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative , anaerobic , and atypical bacteria . Two phase 3 studies were conducted . Hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) were r and omized to intravenous ( IV ) TGC ( 100 mg followed by 50 mg bid ) or IV levofloxacin ( LEV ) ( 500 mg bid ) . In 1 study , patients could be switched to oral LEV after at least 3 days intravenously . The co primary efficacy end points were as follows : clinical response in clinical ly evaluable ( CE ) and clinical modified intent-to-treat ( c-mITT ) population s at test-of-cure ( TOC ) . The secondary end points were as follows : microbiologic efficacy and susceptibility to TGC for CAP bacteria . Safety evaluations were included . Eight hundred ninety-one were patients screened : 846 mITT ( TGC 424 , LEV 422 ) , 574 CE ( TGC 282 , LEV 292 ) . Most patients had Fine Pneumonia Severity Index II to IV ( 80.7 % TGC , 74.4 % LEV , mITT ) . At TOC ( CE ) , TGC cured 253/282 patients ( 89.7 % ) and LEV cured 252/292 patients ( 86.3 % ) ; the absolute difference of TGC-LEV was 3.4 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -2.2 to 9.1 , noninferior [ P < 0.001 ] ) . In c-mITT , TGC cured 319/394 patients ( 81.0 % ) and LEV cured 321/403 patients ( 79.7 % ) ; the absolute difference of TGC-LEV was 1.3 % ( 95 % CI -4.5 to 7.1 , noninferior [ P < 0.001 ] ) . The drug-related adverse events ( AEs ) of nausea ( 20.8 % TGC versus 6.6 % LEV ) and vomiting ( 13.2 % TGC versus 3.3 % LEV ) were significantly higher in TGC ; elevated alanine aminotransferase ( 2.8 % TGC versus 7.3 % LEV ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( 2.6 % TGC versus 6.9 % LEV ) were significantly higher in LEV . Discontinuations for AEs were low ( TGC , 26 patients [ 6.1 % ] ; LEV , 34 patients [ 8.1 % ] ) . TGC appeared safe and achieved cure rates similar to LEV in hospitalized patients with CAP Background Complicated intra-abdominal infections ( cIAI ) remain challenging to treat because of their polymicrobial etiology including multi-drug resistant bacteria . The efficacy and safety of tigecycline , an exp and ed broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic , was compared with imipenem/cilastatin ( IMI/CIS ) in patients with cIAI . Methods A prospect i ve , double-blind , multinational trial was conducted in which patients with cIAI r and omly received intravenous ( IV ) tigecycline ( 100 mg initial dose , then 50 mg every 12 hours [ q12h ] ) or IV IMI/CIS ( 500/500 mg q6h or adjusted for renal dysfunction ) for 5 to14 days . Clinical response at the test-of-cure ( TOC ) visit ( 14–35 days after therapy ) for microbiologically evaluable ( ME ) and microbiological modified intent-to-treat ( m-mITT ) population s were the co- primary efficacy endpoint population s. Results A total of 825 patients received ≥ 1 dose of study drug . The primary diagnoses for the ME group were complicated appendicitis ( 59 % ) , and intestinal ( 8.8 % ) and gastric/duodenal perforations ( 4.6 % ) . For the ME group , clinical cure rates at TOC were 80.6 % ( 199/247 ) for tigecycline versus 82.4 % ( 210/255 ) for IMI/CIS ( 95 % CI -8.4 , 5.1 for non-inferiority tigecycline versus IMI/CIS ) . Corresponding clinical cure rates within the m-mITT population were 73.5 % ( 227/309 ) for tigecycline versus 78.2 % ( 244/312 ) for IMI/CIS ( 95 % CI -11.0 , 2.5 ) . Nausea ( 31.0 % tigecycline , 24.8 % IMI/CIS [ P = 0.052 ] ) , vomiting ( 25.7 % tigecycline , 19.4 % IMI/CIS [ P = 0.037 ] ) , and diarrhea ( 21.3 % tigecycline , 18.9 % IMI/CIS [ P = 0.435 ] ) were the most frequently reported adverse events . Conclusion This study demonstrates that tigecycline is as efficacious as imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of patients with cIAI A total of 108 children aged 4 - 17 years were r and omized to receive 7 days of azithromycin ( 10 mg/kg/day ; maximum , 500 mg/day ) or ceftriaxone ( 75 mg/kg/day ; maximum , 2.5 g/day ) , to assess the efficacy of the agents for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever . Salmonella typhi was isolated from the initial cultures of blood sample s from 64 patients . A total of 31 ( 91 % ) of the 34 patients treated with azithromycin and 29 ( 97 % ) of the 30 patients treated with ceftriaxone were cured ( P>.05 ) . All 64 isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and ceftriaxone . Of the patients treated with ceftriaxone , 4 subsequently had relapse of their infection . No serious side effects occurred in any study subject . Oral azithromycin administered once daily appears to be effective for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children . If these results are confirmed , the agent could be a convenient alternative for the treatment of typhoid fever , especially in individuals in developing countries where medical re sources are scarce Background Tigecycline , a first-in-class broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic , has broad-spectrum in vitro activity against bacteria commonly encountered in complicated intra-abdominal infections ( cIAIs ) , including aerobic and facultative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria . In the current trial , tigecycline was evaluated for safety and efficacy vs. imipenem/cil 
    Output:
    
Subgroup analyses showed a benefit for clinical cure rates associated with linezolid and increased mortality associated with tigecycline .
In meta-regression , clinical cure rates remained higher in patients treated with linezolid ( P=0.01 ) ; tigecycline displayed a close to significant association with increased mortality ( P=0.05 ) if compared with other bacteriostatic agents .
The categorization of antibiotics into bacteriostatic and bactericidal is unlikely to be relevant in clinical practice if used for abdominal infections , skin and soft tissue infections and pneumonia .