***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: We examined the prevent effect of a whey hydrolyzed formula ( NAN H.A. ) on the development of  allergic disease from new born infants . A hundred thirty three pregnant women were divided into the  NAN H.A.  group and the  control group . Mothers , who agreed to use the whey hydrolyzed formula to their infant , were classified into the NAN H.A. group . We examined laboratory date such as IgE levels of these infants as well as clinical symptoms for evaluating of the preventive effect of NAN H.A. The serum IgE levels from infants of the NAN H.A. group were lower than those of the control group . The incidance of the infants who showed allergic clinical symptoms was significant lower in the NAN H.A. group . The odds ratio to skin symptom at 3 years of age with multiple logistic regression was 5.32 between the control group and the NAN H.A. group ( p < 0.05 ) . It was 6.68 between mother 's history of allergy was positive and negative ( p < 0.02 ) . These results suggest that NAN H.A. can prevent the development of allergic symptoms in infants A group of 130 healthy term infants were r and omly assigned at birth to one of three feeding regimens for the first 3 days of life : human milk ( HM ) , cow-milk formula ( CMF ) , or a casein hydrolysate formula ( CHF ) . The formula-fed infants received no human milk during the study days . After day 3 , all infants were exclusively breast-fed . Blood sample s were taken at 4 days and at 2 and 4 months of age during outpatient visits . Macromolecular absorption was analyzed 60 min after a feed of human milk by measuring the serum α-lactalbumin ( S-αLA ) concentrations by a competitive radioimmunoassay . Total serum IgE ( S-lgE ) was assayed by radioimmu-noassay . The median S-IgE value was significantly lower at 2 months of age in the CHF group than in the HM group . The values remained significantly lower , even at 4 months of age , in the CHF group than in either the HM or the CMF group . The median S-αLA concentration at 2 months of age was significantly higher in the CHF group than in either the HM group or the CMF group . No significant differences could be found between the CMF and HM groups at any time . One infant in the HM group and one infant in the CMF group developed infantile colic . Two infants in the CHF group developed symptoms of cow-milk allergy . All other infants were healthy at 4 months of age This short-term , prospect i ve study was aim ed to assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed formula ( PHF ) on the prevention of the development of  atopic dermatitis in infants at high risk . The infants of parents with allergy symptoms and serum total IgE over 200 kU/L were divided into 3 groups by their feeding patterns :  PHF group ( n=15 ) ,  st and ard formula ( SF ) group ( n=32 ) , and  breast milk ( BM ) group ( n=22 ) . No allergenic food was given during the study period of 6 months , and breastfeeding mothers avoided egg ingestion . Their atopic symptoms were monitored every 2 months . The cumulative incidence and prevalence of atopic dermatitis at the age of 6 months were significantly less in the PHF group than in the SF group ( 47 % vs. 78 % , p<0.05 ; 20 % vs. 59 % , p<0.05 ) . Those rates of the PHF group were also less than those of the BM group , but they were not statistically significant . There was no difference in the onset age and disease severity . These results suggest that early feeding of PHF to infants at high risk has a short-term preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis during the first 6 months of life . Long-term preventive effects should be evaluated BACKGROUND Partially hydrolyzed whey formula ( pHWF ) has been recommended for infants with a family history of allergic disease at the cessation of exclusive breast-feeding to promote oral tolerance and prevent allergic diseases . OBJECTIVE To determine whether feeding infants pHWF reduces their risk of allergic disease . METHODS A single-blind ( participant ) r and omized controlled trial was conducted to compare allergic outcomes between infants fed a conventional cow 's milk formula , a pHWF , or a soy formula . Before birth , 620 infants with a family history of allergic disease were recruited and r and omized to receive the allocated formula at cessation of breast-feeding . Skin prick tests to 6 common allergens ( milk , egg , peanut , dust mite , rye grass , and cat d and er ) were performed at 6 , 12 , and 24 months . The primary outcome was development of allergic manifestations ( eczema and food reactions ) measured 18 times in the first 2 years of life . RESULTS Follow-up was complete for 93 % ( 575/620 ) at 2 years and 80 % ( 495/620 ) at 6 or 7 years of age . There was no evidence that infants allocated to the pHWF ( odds ratio , 1.21 ; 95 % CI , 0.81 - 1.80 ) or the soy formula ( odds ratio , 1.26 ; 95 % CI , 0.84 - 1.88 ) were at a lower risk of allergic manifestations in infancy compared with conventional formula . There was also no evidence of reduced risk of skin prick test reactivity or childhood allergic disease . CONCLUSION Despite current dietary guidelines , we found no evidence to support recommending the use of pHWF at weaning for the prevention of allergic disease in high-risk infants IMPORTANCE The disease process leading to clinical type 1 diabetes often starts during the first years of life . Early exposure to complex dietary proteins may increase the risk of β-cell autoimmunity in children at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes .  Extensively hydrolyzed formulas do not contain intact proteins . OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula decreases the cumulative incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in young children . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind r and omized clinical trial of 2159 infants with HLA-conferred disease susceptibility and a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes recruited from May 2002 to January 2007 in 78 study centers in 15 countries ; 1078 were r and omized to be weaned to the extensively hydrolyzed casein formula and 1081 were r and omized to be weaned to a conventional cows ' milk-based formula .  The participants were observed to April 16 , 2013 . INTERVENTIONS The participants received either a casein hydrolysate or a conventional cows ' milk formula supplemented with 20 % of the casein hydrolysate . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES : Primary outcome was positivity for at least 2 diabetes-associated autoantibodies out of 4 analyzed . Autoantibodies to insulin , glutamic acid decarboxylase , and the insulinoma-associated-2 ( IA-2 ) molecule were analyzed using radiobinding assays and islet cell antibodies with immunofluorescence during a median observation period of 7.0 years ( mean , 6.3 years ) . RESULTS The absolute risk of positivity for 2 or more islet autoantibodies was 13.4 % among those r and omized to the casein hydrolysate formula ( n = 139 ) vs 11.4 % among those r and omized to the conventional formula ( n = 117 ) . The unadjusted hazard ratio for positivity for 2 or more autoantibodies among those r and omized to be weaned to the casein hydrolysate was 1.21 ( 95 % CI , 0.94 - 1.54 ) , compared with those r and omized to the conventional formula , while the hazard ratio adjusted for HLA risk , duration of breastfeeding , vitamin D use , study formula duration and consumption , and region was 1.23 ( 95 % CI , 0.96 - 1.58 ) . There were no clinical ly significant differences in the rate of reported adverse events between the 2 groups . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among infants at risk for type 1 diabetes , the use of a hydrolyzed formula , when compared with a conventional formula , did not reduce the incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies after 7 years . These findings do not support a benefit from hydrolyzed formula . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00179777 BACKGROUND Early feeding with cow 's milk ( CM ) may increase the risk of cow 's milk allergy ( CMA ) . OBJECTIVE We sought to examine prospect ively whether supplementary feeding of CM at the maternity hospital would increase the risk when compared with feeding with pasteurized human milk or hydrolyzed formula . METHODS We studied 6209 unselected healthy , full-term infants , of whom 5385 ( 87 % ) required supplementary milk while in the hospital . The infants were r and omly assigned to receive CM formula ( 1789 infants ) , pasteurized human milk ( 1859 infants ) , or whey hydrolysate formula ( 1737 infants ) . The comparison group ( 824 infants ) was composed of infants who were exclusively breast-fed . The infants were followed for 18 to 34 months for symptoms suggestive of CMA . The primary endpoint was a challenge-proven adverse reaction to CM after a successful CM elimination diet . RESULTS The cumulative incidence of CMA in the infants fed CM was 2.4 % compared with 1.7 % in the pasteurized human milk group ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.70 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0 . 44 - 1.12 ) and 1.5 % in the whey hydrolysate group ( OR , 0.61 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 38 - 1.00 ) . In the comparison group , CMA developed in 2.1 % of the infants . Among the infants who required supplementary feeding at hospital , both exposure to CM while in the hospital ( OR , 1.54 ; 95 % CI , 1.04 - 2.30 ; P = .03 ) and obvious parental atopy ( OR , 2.32 ; 95 % CI , 1.53 - 3.52 ; P < .001 ) increased the risk of CMA . CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that feeding of CM at maternity hospitals increases the risk of CMA when compared with feeding of other supplements , but exclusive breast-feeding does not eliminate the risk This prospect i ve , long-term study assessed the effects of a protein hydrolysate formula on allergy prevention in infants with a family history of allergy . Infants were r and omly assigned to receive either the  hydrolysate formula ( n = 92 ) or an adapted cow milk formula  ( n = 85 ) alone or with breast-feeding for 4 months . The groups did not differ in family allergy history scores or cord blood IgE levels . After 4 months , total IgE levels and allergic reactions did not differ significantly between groups , although the hydrolysate group had a lower prevalence of eczema . At 12 months of age , neither IgE levels nor allergic reactions were significantly different . At 2 years of age , however , 18 allergic reactions had occurred in the hydrolysate group and 31 had occurred in the control group ; the differences were significant for eczema ( p < 0.001 ) but not for asthma . At 4 years of age , allergic signs were found in 11 children in the hydrolysate group and in 17 children in the control group ; the difference was significant only for eczema ( p < 0.01 ) . These results suggest that early feeding of a protein hydrolysate formula to infants at risk for allergies had a long-term preventive effect on the prevalence of eczema but not of asthma A recent increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders and the enormous costs of management of atopic patients have prompted attempts at prevention . We have examined the effect of exclusive breast feeding and of feeding different infant formulas on incidence of atopic disease in a prospect i ve r and omized controlled study . Seventy-two infants were recruited into each of the following groups : cow milk whey hydrolysate formula ( NAN/HA ) conventional cow milk formula ( Similac ) , soy-based formula ( Isomil ) , and exclusive breast feeding for greater than 4 months .  The cumulative incidence of atopic eczema , recurrent wheezing , rhinitis , gastrointestinal symptoms , and colic were noted . Skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests for IgE antibodies to milk and soy were performed . At 12 and 18 months of age , the incidence of atopic eczema as also that of all atopic symptoms was significantly lower and similar in the breast-fed and whey hydrolysate groups , compared with the cow milk and soy formula groups . IgE antibodies were detected more often in the cow milk and soy formula groups , especially the former . Among symptomatic infants , fewer skin positive prick tests were seen in the soy group compared with the cow milk group . Our observations show that among infants at high risk of developing atopic disease because of positive family history , exclusive breast feeding or whey hydrolysate formula is associated with a lower incidence 
    Output:
    
There was evidence of conflict of interest and high or unclear risk of bias in most studies of allergic outcomes and evidence of publication bias for studies of eczema and wheeze .
There was no evidence to support the health cl aim approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that a partially hydrolysed formula could reduce the risk of eczema nor the conclusion of the Cochrane review that hydrolysed formula could allergy to cows ' milk .