***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Research has shown that treatments that solely addressed intimate partner violence ( IPV ) perpetration were not very effective in reducing IPV , possibly due to neglecting individual differences between IPV perpetrators . A large proportion of IPV perpetrators is diagnosed with co-occurring substance use disorders and it has been demonstrated that successful treatment of alcohol dependence among alcohol dependent IPV perpetrators also led to less IPV . The current study investigated the relative effectiveness of Integrated treatment for Substance abuse and Partner violence ( I-StoP ) to cognitive behavioral treatment addressing substance use disorders including only one session addressing partner violence ( CBT-SUD+ ) among patients in substance abuse treatment who repeatedly committed IPV .  Substance use and IPV perpetration were primary outcome measures . Method Patients who entered substance abuse treatment were screened for IPV . Patients who disclosed at least 7 acts of physical IPV in the past year ( N = 52 ) were r and omly assigned to either I-StoP or CBT-SUD+ . Patients in both conditions received 16 treatment sessions . Substance use and IPV perpetration were assessed at pretreatment , halfway treatment and posttreatment in blocks of 8 weeks . Both completers and intention-to-treat ( ITT ) analyses were performed . Results Patients ( completers and ITT ) in both conditions significantly improved regarding substance use and IPV perpetration at posttreatment compared with pretreatment . There were no differences in outcome between conditions . Completers in both conditions almost fully abstained from IPV in 8 weeks before the end of treatment . Conclusions Both I-StoP and CBT-SUD+ were effective in reducing substance use and IPV perpetration among patients in substance abuse treatment who repeatedly committed IPV and self-disclosed IPV perpetration . Since it is more cost and time-effective to implement CBT-SUD+ than I-StoP , it is suggested to treat IPV perpetrators in substance abuse treatment with CBT-SUD+.Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov : Background : Domestic violence is a major problem in society . In spite of this , there are few studies on the treatment of men who voluntarily seek help to stop their violent behaviour towards intimate partners . Most studies are performed on court-ordered individuals . Aim : The objective of this study was to evaluate results of a manualized cognitive – behaviour group therapy for voluntarily treatment-seeking men , aware of and willing to change their abusive behaviour . Methods : Thirty-six men recruited on a voluntary basis were offered a 15-week manualized group therapy . After initial assessment but before group therapy sessions they were r and omly selected for immediate treatment or treatment after 4 months on a “ waiting list ” . All 26 who started group therapy treatment fulfilled the programme . Changes in violent behaviour , before and after treatment , were assessed by self-reports using the Conflict Tactic Scales . Also , the men on the waiting list were compared after 4 months without treatment with the men receiving treatment immediately . Results : All kinds of self-reported partner related violence were significantly reduced by treatment , but being on a waiting list for 4 months did not reduce violent behaviour compared with those immediately receiving treatment . The results indicate that that the group treatment had an effect in itself beyond the wish and intention from the men to reduce their partner violence OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of the Strength at Home Men 's Program ( SAH-M ) , a trauma-informed group intervention based on a social information processing model to end intimate partner violence ( IPV ) use in a sample of veterans/service members and their partners . To date , no r and omized controlled trial has supported the efficacy of an IPV intervention in this population . METHOD Participants included 135 male veterans/service members and 111 female partners . Recruitment was conducted from February 2010 through August 2013 , and participation occurred within 2 Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals . Male participants completed an initial assessment that included diagnostic interviews and measures of physical and psychological IPV using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and were r and omly assigned to an enhanced treatment as usual ( ETAU ) condition or SAH-M. Those r and omized to SAH-M were enrolled in this 12-week group immediately after baseline . Those r and omized to ETAU received clinical referrals and re sources for mental health treatment and IPV services . All male participants were reassessed 3 and 6 months after baseline . Female partners completed phone assessment s at the same intervals that were focused both on IPV and on the provision of safety information and clinical referrals . RESULTS Primary analyses using hierarchical linear modeling indicated significant time-by-condition effects such that SAH-M participants compared with ETAU participants evidence d greater reductions in physical and psychological IPV use ( β = -0.135 [ SE = 0.061 ] , P = .029 ; β = -0.304 [ SE = 0.135 ] , P = .026 ; respectively ) . Additional analyses of a measure that disaggregated forms of psychological IPV showed that SAH-M , relative to ETAU , reduced controlling behaviors involving isolation and monitoring of the partner ( β = -0.072 [ SE = 0.027 ] , P = .010 ) . CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for the efficacy of SAH-M in reducing and ending IPV in male veterans and service members . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier : NCT01435512 Men who are violent toward their partners tend to have a dual problem with alcohol and drug use , yet little is known about differences between men with single rather than dual problems . This study was one of the first to evaluate differences between alcohol dependent men who were arrested for Intimate Partner Violence ( IPV ) with and without concurrent illicit drug use . Seventy-eight participants were r and omly assigned to manual-guided group behavioral therapies ( Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Twelve Step Facilitation ) and assessed across 12 weeks of treatment . Despite denying drug use at baseline , thirty-two clients ( 43 % ) tested positive for illicit drug use ( cocaine and marijuana ) during the 12 weeks of treatment . The study specifically addressed whether there were differences between clients using alcohol only versus individuals using both alcohol + drugs in terms of 1 ) baseline characteristics ; 2 ) treatment compliance ( e.g. , attendance and substance use during treatment ; and 3 ) treatment outcomes ( alcohol , drug use , anger management , and aggression at the completion of treatment ) . The results showed that there were comparatively few differences between the alcohol versus the alcohol + drug using groups at baseline . Regarding treatment compliance and retention , alcohol + drug using participants attended significantly fewer sessions , had significantly fewer percent days abstinence from alcohol use , significantly more total days of positive breathalyzer results . Regarding treatment outcomes across anger management and aggression scores , the alcohol + drug using participants had significantly more impairments in anger management styles from pre- to post-treatment . However , there were no differences between the groups across verbal or physical aggression . Both groups improved in their verbal aggression from pre- to post-treatment . The findings suggest that alcohol dependent men who continue to use illicit drugs may require additional interventions to effectively control their drug use and , their anger management styles Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more Adequate reporting of r and omized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) is necessary to allow accurate critical appraisal of the validity and applicability of the results . The CONSORT ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ) Statement , a 22-item checklist and flow diagram , is intended to address this problem by improving the reporting of RCTs . However , some specific issues that apply to trials of nonpharmacologic treatments ( for example , surgery , technical interventions , devices , rehabilitation , psychotherapy , and behavioral intervention ) are not specifically addressed in the CONSORT Statement . Furthermore , considerable evidence suggests that the reporting of nonpharmacologic trials still needs improvement . Therefore , the CONSORT group developed an extension of the CONSORT Statement for trials assessing nonpharmacologic treatments . A consensus meeting of 33 experts was organized in Paris , France , in February 2006 , to develop an extension of the CONSORT Statement for trials of nonpharmacologic treatments . The participants extended 11 items from the CONSORT Statement , added 1 item , and developed a modified flow diagram . To allow adequate underst and ing and implementation of the CONSORT extension , the CONSORT group developed this elaboration and explanation document from a review of the literature to provide examples of adequate reporting . This extension , in conjunction with the main CONSORT Statement and other CONSORT extensions , should help to improve the reporting of RCTs performed in this field OBJECTIVE Behaviorally based therapies for the treatment of perpetrators who initiate intimate partner violence ( IPV ) have generally shown minimal therapeutic efficacy . To explore a new treatment approach for IPV , we examined the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor on the irritability subscale score of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale . This score served as a surrogate marker for the anger and physical aggression that characterize perpetrators of IPV . METHOD A 12-week , double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled intervention study employing fluoxetine , alcohol treatment , and cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed . Sixty ( 46 men ) non-court-m and ated , DSM-IV-diagnosed alcoholic perpetrators of IPV with a history of at least 2 episodes of IPV in the year prior to participation in the study were evaluated . The primary outcome measure was the score on the irritability subscale of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale . Secondary measures included anxiety , depression , and ratings by the perpetrator 's spouse/significant other . The study was conducted from January 2002 through December 2007 . RESULTS A repeated- measures analysis of variance using the irritability subscale scores obtained from perpetrators who completed the 12-week study ( n = 24 ) showed a significant drug effect ( F(1,21 ) = 12.09 , P = .002 ) . Last observation carried forward ( F(1,32 ) = 4.24 , P = .048 ) as well as intent-to-treat analysis ( F(1,54 ) = 5.0 , P = .034 ) also showed a significant drug effect . Spouses'/significant others ' physical and nonphysical Partner Abuse Scale ratings showed a significant reduction of abuse over time ( F(1,11 ) = 10.2 , P = .009 and F(1,11 ) = 24.2 , P = .0005 , respectively ) . CONCLUSION This is the first controlled study to show that a pharmacologic intervention employing a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor , in conjunction with alcohol treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy , can reduce measures of anger and physical aggression in alcoholic perpetrators of IPV Non-r and omised studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation , but their results may be biased . It is therefore important to underst and and appraise their strengths and weaknesses . We developed ROBINS-I ( “ Risk Of Bias In Non-r and omised Studies - of Interventions ” ) , a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness ( harm or benefit ) of interventions from studies that did not use r and omisation  to allocate units ( individuals or clusters of individuals ) to comparison groups . The tool will be particularly useful to those undertaking systematic review s that include non-r and omised studies A r and omized clinical trial tested the hypothesis that a flexible , case formulation – based , individual treatment approach integrating motivational interviewing strategies with cognitive-behavioral therapy ( ICBT ) is more efficacious than a st and ardized group cognitive-behavioral approach ( GCBT ) for perpetrators of intimate partner violence ( IPV ) . Forty-two men presenting for services at a community domestic violence agency were r and omized to receive 20 sessions of ICBT or a 20-week group cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) program .  Participants and their relationship partners completed assessment s of relationship abuse and relationship functioning at baseline and quarterly follow-ups for 1 year . Treatment uptake and session attendance were significantly higher in ICBT than GCBT . However , contrary to the study hypothesis , GCBT produced consistently equivalent or greater benefits than ICBT . Participant self-reports revealed significant reductions in abusive behavior and injuries across conditions with no differential benefits between conditions . Victim partner reports revealed more favorable outcomes for group treatment , including a statistically significant difference in psychological aggression , and differences exceeding a medium effect size for physical assault , emotional abuse , and partner relationship adjustment . In response to hypothetical relationship scenarios , GCBT was associated with greater reductions than ICBT ( exceeding a medium effect ) in articulated cognitive distortions and aggressive intentions . Treatment competence ratings suggest that flexible , individualized administration of CBT creates challenges in session agenda setting , homework implementation , and formal aspects of relationship skills training . Although caution is needed in generalizing findings from this small-scale trial , the results suggest that the mutual support and positive social influence available in group intervention may be particularly helpful for IPV perpetrators Three different 12-month interventions for servicemen who had been substantiated as having physically assaulted their wives were used and the outcomes examined . The 861 couples of the study were r and omly assigned to 4 groups : a men 's group , a conjoint group , a rigorously monitored group , and a control group . Cognitive-behavioral interventions were implemented for the men 's and conjoint groups , and outcome data were gathered from male perpetrators and female victims at roughly 6-month intervals over the approximately 18-month experimental period . Data analyses revealed nons 
    Output:
    
Conclusions There is still insufficient evidence to confirm that cognitive behavioural group therapy for perpetrators of intimate partner violence has a positive effect .