***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM The aim of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric training versus basketball technique training on improving neuro-muscular performance . METHODS Thirty-six ( age 14.9±0.9 years , body height 164.0±7.6 cm , body weight 54.0±8.7 kg , BMI 20.1±2.4 kg·m-2 ) basketball players girls were r and omly allocated to 2 groups : Basketball Plyometric Training ( BPT  , N.=18 ) and Basketball Technique Training ( BTT  , N.=18 ) . The players were tested by two specific tests : counter movement jump ( CMJ ) and squat jump ( SJ ) before and after 6 training weeks . RESULTS The jump height , as dependent variable , showed a different trend as an effect of the different training protocol s , in contrast with the current knowledge . Manova did not show significant interactions between the two groups for the height of jumps , while significant differences were found for interaction time × training ( P<0.05 ) and for main effect × time ( P<0.001 ) . After training , the BPT group increased significantly CMJ performance by 11.3 % ( P<0.05 ) , whereas the BTT group increased by 4.6 % . Likewise , the BPT group demonstrated a significant greater improvement of jump height than BTT group ( an increase of 15.4 % vs. 7.5 % , P<0.01 ; respectively ) . CONCLUSION These results suggest that both training protocol s proposed in this study improved vertical jump performance . However , a combination of the two protocol s , plyometric training and sport-specific-exercises , could be useful to optimize performance by an easy transition from controlled a-specific to sport-specific performance requirements . In conclusion , BPT is a safe and effective method of achieving a favourable neuro-muscular performance than BTT in female basketball players Abstract In a r and omised controlled trial design , effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance performance were compared in male and female soccer players . Young ( age 21.1 ± 2.7 years ) players with similar training load and competitive background were assigned to training ( women , n = 19 ; men , n = 21 ) and control ( women , n = 19 ; men , n = 21 ) groups . Players were evaluated for lower- and upper-body maximal-intensity exercise , 30 m sprint , change of direction speed and endurance performance before and after 6 weeks of training . After intervention , the control groups did not change , whereas both training groups improved jumps ( effect size ( ES ) = 0.35–1.76 ) , throwing ( ES = 0.62–0.78 ) , sprint ( ES = 0.86–1.44 ) , change of direction speed ( ES = 0.46–0.85 ) and endurance performance ( ES = 0.42–0.62 ) . There were no differences in performance improvements between the plyometric training groups . Both plyometric groups improved more in all performance tests than the controls . The results suggest that adaptations to plyometric training do not differ between men and women Makaruk , H , Winchester , JB , Sadowski , J , Czaplicki , A , and Sacewicz , T. Effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on  power and jumping ability in women . J Strength Cond Res 25(12 ) : 3311–3318 , 2011—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric exercise on peak power and jumping performance during different stages of a 12-week training and detraining in women . Forty-nine untrained but physically active female college students were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : unilateral plyometric group ( n = 16 ) , bilateral plyometric group ( BLE ; n = 18 ) , and a control group ( n = 15 ) . Peak power and jumping ability were assessed by means of the alternate leg tests ( 10-second Wingate test and 5 alternate leg bounds ) , bilateral leg test ( countermovement jump [ CMJ ] ) and unilateral leg test ( unilateral CMJ ) . Performance indicators were measured pretraining , midtraining , posttraining , and detraining . Differences between dependent variables were assessed with a 3 × 4 ( group × time ) repeated analysis of variance with Tukey 's post hoc test applied where appropriate . Effect size was calculated to determine the magnitude of significant differences between the research ed parameters . Only the unilateral plyometric training produced significant ( p < 0.05 ) improvement in all tests from pretraining to midtraining , but there was no significant ( p < 0.05 ) increase in performance indicators from midtraining to posttraining . The BLE group significantly ( p < 0.05 ) improved in all tests from pretraining to posttraining and did not significantly ( p > 0.05 ) decrease power and jumping ability in all tests during detraining . These results suggest that unilateral plyometric exercises  produce power and jumping performance during a shorter period when compared to bilateral plyometric exercises but achieved performance gains last longer after bilateral plyometric training . Practitioners should consider the inclusion of both unilateral and bilateral modes of plyometric exercise to elicit rapid improvements and guard against detraining Background Neuromuscular training may reduce risk factors that contribute to ACL injury incidence in female athletes . Multi-component , ACL injury prevention training programs can be time and labor intensive , which may ultimately limit training program utilization or compliance . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of neuromuscular training on those classified as " high-risk " compared to those classified as " low-risk . " The hypothesis was that high-risk athletes would decrease knee abduction moments while low-risk and control athletes would not show measurable changes . Methods Eighteen high school female athletes participated in neuromuscular training 3 ×  /week over a 7-week period . Knee kinematics and kinetics were measured during a drop vertical jump ( DVJ ) test at pre/post training . External knee abduction moments were calculated using inverse dynamics . Logistic regression indicated maximal sensitivity and specificity for prediction of ACL injury risk using external knee abduction ( 25.25 Nm cutoff ) during a DVJ . Based on these data , 12 study subjects ( and 4 controls ) were grouped into the high-risk ( knee abduction moment > 25.25 Nm ) and 6 subjects ( and 7 controls ) were grouped into the low-risk ( knee abduction < 25.25 Nm ) categories using mean right and left leg knee abduction moments . A mixed design repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences between athletes categorized as high or low-risk . Results Athletes classified as high-risk decreased their knee abduction moments by 13 % following training ( Dominant pre : 39.9 ± 15.8 Nm to 34.6 ± 9.6 Nm ; Non-dominant pre : 37.1 ± 9.2 to 32.4 ± 10.7 Nm ; p = 0.033 training X risk factor interaction ) . Athletes grouped into the low-risk category did not change their abduction moments following training ( p > 0.05 ) . Control subjects classified as either high or low-risk also did not significantly change from pre to post-testing . Conclusion These results indicate that " high-risk " female athletes decreased the magnitude of the previously identified risk factor to ACL injury following neuromuscular training . However , the mean values for the high-risk subjects were not reduced to levels similar to low-risk group following training . Targeting female athletes who demonstrate high-risk knee abduction loads during dynamic tasks may improve efficacy of neuromuscular training . Yet , increased training volume or more specific techniques may be necessary for high-risk athletes to substantially decrease ACL injury risk Previous research suggests high impact forces generated during l and ings contribute to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries . In women , neuromuscular differences appear to modify the ability to dissipate l and ing forces when compared to men . This study examined peak vertical impact forces ( Fp ) and rate of force development ( RFD ) following a 9-week , low-intensity ( simple jump-l and ing-jump tasks ) and volume ( number of foot contacts per workout ) plyometric-based knee ligament injury prevention ( KLIP ) program . Female subjects were r and omly assigned into control ( n = 14 ) and treatment ( n = 14 ) groups . Treatment subjects attended KLIP sessions twice a week for 9 weeks , and control subjects received no intervention .  Ground reaction forces ( Fp and RFD ) generated during a step-l and protocol were assessed at study onset and termination . Significant reductions in Fp ( p = 0.0004 ) and RFD ( p = 0.0205 ) were observed in the treatment group . Our results indicate that 9 weeks of KLIP training altered l and ing strategies in women to lower Fp and RFD . These changes are considered conducive to a reduced risk of knee injury while l and ing Functional performance of lower limb muscles and contractile properties of chemically skinned single muscle fibers were evaluated before and after 8 wk of maximal effort stretch-shortening cycle ( SSC ) exercise training . Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of eight men before and after the training period . Fibers were evaluated regarding their mechanical properties and subsequently classified according to their myosin heavy chain content ( SDS-PAGE ) . After training , maximal leg extensor muscle force and vertical jump performance were improved 12 % ( P<0.01 ) and 13 % ( P<0.001 ) , respectively . Single-fiber cross-sectional area increased 23 % in type I ( P<0.01 ) , 22 % in type IIa ( P<0.001 ) , and 30 % in type IIa/IIx fibers ( P<0.001 ) . Peak force increased 19 % in type I ( P<0.01 ) , 15 % in type IIa ( P<0.001 ) , and 16 % in type IIa/IIx fibers ( P<0.001 ) . When peak force was normalized with cross-sectional area , no changes were found for any fiber type . Maximal shortening velocity was increased 18 , 29 , and 22 % in type I , IIa , and hybrid IIa/IIx fibers , respectively ( P<0.001 ) . Peak power was enhanced in all fiber types , and normalized peak power improved 9 % in type IIa fibers ( P<0.05 ) . Fiber tension on passive stretch increased in IIa/IIx fibers only ( P<0.05 ) . In conclusion , short-term SSC exercise training enhanced single-fiber contraction performance via force and contraction velocity in type I , IIa , and IIa/IIx fibers . These results suggest that SSC exercises are an effective training approach to improve fiber force , contraction velocity , and therefore power Abstract Ramírez-Campillo , R , Álvarez , C , Henríquez-Olguín , C , Baez , EB , Martínez , C , And rade , DC , and Izquierdo , M. Effects of plyometric training on endurance and explosive strength performance in competitive middle- and long-distance runners . J Strength Cond Res 28(1 ) : 97–104 , 2014—The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a short-term plyometric training program on explosive strength and endurance performance in highly competitive middle- and long-distance runners . Athletes were r and omly assigned to a  control group ( CG , n = 18 , 12 men ) and an  explosive strength training group ( TG , n = 18 , 10 men ) .  Drop jump ( DJ ) from 20 ( DJ20 ) and 40 cm ( DJ40 ) , countermovement jump with arms ( CMJA ) , 20-m sprint time , and 2.4-km endurance run time test were carried out before and after 6 weeks of explosive strength training . Also , the combined st and ardized performance ( CSP ) in the endurance and explosive strength test was analyzed . After intervention , the CG did not show any significant change in performance , whereas the TG showed a significant reduction in 2.4-km endurance run time ( −3.9 % ) and 20-m sprint time ( −2.3 % ) and an increase in CMJA ( + 8.9 % ) , DJ20 ( + 12.7 % ) , and DJ40 ( 16.7 % ) explosive performance . Strength training group also exhibited a significant increase in CSP , although the CG showed significant reduction . We conclude that properly programmed concurrent explosive strength and endurance training could be advantageous for middle- and long-distance runners in their competitive performance , especially in events characterized by sprinting actions with small time differences at the end of the race To prospect ively evaluate the effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes , we monitored two groups of female athletes , one trained before sports participation and the other not trained , and a group of untrained male athletes throughout the high school soccer , volleyball , and basketball seasons . Weekly reports included the number of practice and competition exposures and mechanism of injury . There were 14 serious knee injuries in the 1263 athletes tracked through the study . Ten of 463 untrained female athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 8 noncontact ) , 2 of 366 trained female athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 0 noncontact ) , and 2 of 434 male athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 1 noncontact ) . The knee injury incidence per 1000 athlete-exposures was 0.43 in untrained female athletes , 0.12 in trained female athletes , and 0.09 in male athletes ( P 0.02 , chi-square analysis ) . Untrained female athletes had a 3.6 times higher incidence of knee injury than trained female athletes ( P 0.05 ) and 4.8 times 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Plyometric training is an effective form of training to improve VJ performance ( e.g. CMJ , SJ and DJ ) in female athletes .
The benefits of plyometric training on VJ performance are greater for interventions of longer duration ( ≥10 weeks )