***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Fifty three patients with asthma underwent training for two weeks in an integrated set of yoga exercises , including breathing exercises , suryanamaskar , yogasana ( physical postures ) , pranayama ( breath slowing techniques ) , dhyana ( meditation ) , and a devotional session , and were told to practise these exercises for 65 minutes daily . They were then compared with a control group of 53 patients with asthma matched for age , sex , and type and severity of asthma , who continued to take their usual drugs . There was a significantly greater improvement in the group who practised yoga in the weekly number of attacks of asthma , scores for drug treatment , and peak flow rate . This study shows the efficacy of yoga in the long term management of bronchial asthma , but the physiological basis for this beneficial effect needs to be examined in more detail " The concept of yoga is helpful for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma " , has created a great interest in the medical research field . In order to investigate whether autonomic functions and pulmonary functions are improved in asthma patients after short term yoga training , a study was conducted with nine diagnosed bronchial asthma patients .  Yoga training was given for seven days in a camp in Adhyatma Sadhna Kendra , New Delhi . The autonomic function tests to measure the parasympathetic reactivity ( Deep Breathing test , Valsalva Manouever ) , Sympathetic reactivity ( H and Grip test , Cold Pressure test ) , and pulmonary function tests FVC , FEV1 , PEFR , PIF , BHT and CE were recorded before and after yoga training . The resting heart rate after yoga training ( P < 0.05 ) was significantly decreased ( 89.55 + /- 18.46/min to 76.22 + /- 16.44/min ) . The sympathetic reactivity was reduced following yoga training as indicated by significant ( P < 0.01 ) reduction in DBP after HGT . There was no change in parasympathetic reactivity . The FVC , FEV1 , PEFR did not show any significant change . The PIF ( P < 0.01 ) , BHT ( P < 0.01 ) and CE ( P < 0.01 ) showed significant improvement . The results closely indicated the reduction in sympathetic reactivity and improvement in the pulmonary ventilation by way of relaxation of voluntary inspiratory and expiratory muscles . The " comprehensive yogic life style change programme for patients of Bronchial Asthma " have shown significant benefit even within a short period Adult asthmatics , ranging from 19 to 52 years from an asthma and allergy clinic in a university setting volunteered to participate in the study . The 17 students were r and omly divided into yoga ( 9 subjects ) and nonyoga control ( 8 subjects ) groups . The yoga group was taught a set of breathing and relaxation techniques including breath slowing exercises ( pranayama ) , physical postures ( yogasanas ) , and meditation . Yoga techniques were taught at the university health center , three times a week for 16 weeks . All the subjects in both groups maintained daily symptom and medication diaries , collected A.M. and P.M. peak flow readings , and completed weekly question naires . Spirometry was performed on each subject every week . Analysis of the data showed that the subjects in the yoga group reported a significant degree of relaxation , positive attitude , and better yoga exercise tolerance . There was also a tendency toward lesser usage of beta adrenergic inhalers . The pulmonary functions did not vary significantly between yoga and control groups . Yoga techniques seem beneficial as an adjunct to the medical management of asthma The effects of two pranayama yoga breathing exercises on airway reactivity , airway calibre , symptom scores , and medication use in patients with mild asthma were assessed in a r and omised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover trial . After baseline assessment over 1 week , 18 patients with mild asthma practised slow deep breathing for 15 min twice a day for two consecutive 2-week periods . During the active period , subjects were asked to breathe through a Pink City lung ( PCL ) exerciser -- a device which imposes slowing of breathing and a 1:2 inspiration : expiration duration ratio equivalent to pranayama breathing methods ; during the control period , subjects breathed through a matched placebo device .  Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1 ) , peak expiratory flow rate , symptom score , and inhaler use over the last 3 days of each treatment period were assessed in comparison with the baseline assessment period ; all improved more with the PCL exerciser than with the placebo device , but the differences were not significant . There was a statistically significant increase in the dose of histamine needed to provoke a 20 % reduction in FEV1 ( PD20 ) during pranayama breathing but not with the placebo device . The usefulness of controlled ventilation exercises in the control of asthma should be further investigated The effects of chest physical therapy in acute severe asthma in children have been studied in 38 children aged 6 to 13 years in a r and omized placebo controlled trial . The study began between 6 and 24 hours after admission to hospital ; 19 children received chest physical therapy ( PT ) and 19 children received placebo visits . Each child had 4 treatments over 2 days which were preceded by nebulized salbutamol .  Lung volumes and flow rates were measured in a body plethysmograph before salbutamol and before and after either PT or placebo on the first and fourth treatments . Throughout the study st and ard asthma drug therapy was given . In both groups characteristics such as sex , race , age , height , weight , severity , and baseline lung function were similar . Taking into account the baseline , lung function at the end of the study was similar in both groups . Three 12 year old children in the PT group showed improvements in flows above those seen in any children in the placebo group . We conclude that chest PT , when combined with asthma drug therapy , does not improve lung function in most children in this age group with acute severe asthma In patients with asthma , the respiratory muscles have to overcome the increased resistance while they become progressively disadvantaged by hyperinflation . We hypothesized that increasing respiratory muscle strength and endurance with specific inspiratory muscle training ( SIMT ) would result in improvement in  asthma symptoms in patients with asthma . Thirty patients with moderate to severe asthma were recruited into 2 groups ; 15 patients received SIMT ( group A ) and 15 patients were assigned to the control group ( group B ) and got sham training in a double-blind group-comparative trial . The training was performed using a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer . Subjects of both groups trained five times a week , each session consisted of 1/2-h training , for six months . Inspiratory muscle strength , as expressed by the PImax at RV , increased significantly , from 84.0 + /- 4.3 to 107.0 + /- 4.8 cm H2O ( p < 0.0001 ) and the respiratory muscle endurance , as expressed by the relationship between Pmpeak and PImax from 67.5 + /- 3.1 percent to 93.1 + /- 1.2 percent ( p < 0.0001 ) , in patients of group A , but not in patients of group B. This improvement was associated with significant improvements compared with baseline for asthma symptoms ( nighttime asthma , p < 0.05 ; morning tightness , p < 0.05 ; daytime asthma , p < 0.01 ; cough , p < 0.005 ) , inhaled B2 usage ( p < 0.05 ) , and the number of hospital ( p < 0.05 ) and sick-leave ( p < 0.05 ) days due to asthma . Five patients were able to stop taking oral/IM corticosteroids while on training and one in the placebo group . We conclude that SIMT , for six months , improves the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance , and results in improvement in asthma symptoms , hospitalizations for asthma , emergency department contact , absence from school or work , and medication consumption in patients with asthma Twelve subjects with mild asthmatic episodes in the form of nocturnal precipitation were studied . A two-week schedule of placebo administration , pranayamic breathing exercises using a Pink City lung exerciser alone , and exercises using the lung exerciser with hot , humid air were performed . Five of the 12 asthmatics showed highly significant increases in peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) with the lung exerciser alone , while eight of the 12 cases showed highly significant increases in PEFR with exercise using hot , humid air . The frequency of nocturnal wheezing also declined . It can be inferred that slow breathing alone and in combination with hot , humid air has a nonspecific bronchoprotective or bronchorelaxing effect A new diaphragmatic breathing technique practice d without the aid of a physical corset is outlined , and the findings from a study of its application in the respiratory rehabilitation of asthmatic patients are presented . Sixty-seven asthmatic adults r and omly assigned to either deep diaphragmatic breathing training , physical exercise training , or a waiting list control group participated in a 16-week program . Deep diaphragmatic training result ed in significant reductions in medication use and in the intensity of asthmatic symptoms . Importantly , a nearly 300 % increase in time spent in physical activities also result ed from deep diaphragmatic training . A follow-up at two months found many patients had returned to earlier medication levels and sedentary habits . A strengthened musculature can replace the need for a physical aid in this respiratory habilitation ; adherence to its use may require individually-tailored encouragement The heart rate , breathing rate , and skin resistance were recorded for 20 community home girls ( Home group ) and for 20 age-matched girls from a regular school ( School group ) . The former group had a significantly higher rate of breathing and a more irregular breath pattern , known to correlate with high fear and anxiety , than the School group . Skin resistance was significantly lower in the School group , which may suggest greater arousal . 28 girls of the Home group formed 14 pairs , matched for age and duration of stay in the home . Subjects of a pair were r and omly assigned to either yoga or games groups . For the former emphasis was on relaxation and awareness , whereas for the latter increasing physical activity was emphasized . At the end of an hour daily for six months both groups showed a significant decrease in the resting heart rate relative to initial values ( Wilcoxon paired- sample test ) , and the yoga group showed a significant decrease in breath rate , which appeared more regular but no significant increase in the skin resistance . These results suggest that a yoga program which includes relaxation , awareness , and grade d physical activity is a useful addition to the routine of community home children 
    Output:
    
Collectively the data imply that physiotherapeutic breathing techniques may have some potential in benefiting patients with asthma .