***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies show that low fish intake is a risk factor of suicidality ; however , there are no case-control studies investigating suicide attempt risk and tissue n-3 fatty acid levels . METHODS We recruited 100 suicide-attempt cases and another 100 control patients injured by accidents who were admitted to three hospitals affiliated with Dalian Medical University in Dalian , China . Case and control subjects were matched for age , gender , and smoking status . Those who were inebriated at the time of hospitalization were excluded .  Blood was sample d immediately after admission to a hospital . Washed red blood cells ( RBCs ) were obtained , and the fatty acid composition of the total RBC phospholipid fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography . RESULTS  Eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) levels in RBC in the case subjects were significantly lower than those of the control subjects ( .74 + /-.52 % vs. 1.06 + /-.62 % , p < .0001 ) . When the highest and lowest quartiles of EPA in RBC were compared , the odds ratios of suicide attempt was.12 in the highest quartile ( 95 % confidence interval:.04-.36 , p for trend = .0001 ) after adjustment for possible confounding factors CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that low n-3 fatty acid levels in tissues were a risk factor of suicide attempt . Further studies including intervention with fish oil are warranted Lateral heterogeneities in the classical fluid-mosaic model of cell membranes are now envisaged as domains or ‘ rafts ’ that are enriched in (glyco)sphingolipids , cholesterol , specific membrane proteins and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins . These rafts dictate the sorting of associated proteins and /or provide sites for assembling cytoplasmic signalling molecules . However , there is no direct evidence that rafts exist in living cells , . We have now measured the extent of energy transfer between isoforms of the folate receptor bound to a fluorescent analogue of folic acid , in terms of the dependence of fluorescence polarization on fluorophore densities in membranes . We find that the extent of energy transfer for the GPI-anchored folate-receptor isoform is density-independent , which is characteristic of organization in sub-pixel-sized domains at the surface of living cells ; however , the extent of energy transfer for the transmembrane-anchored folate-receptor isoform was density-dependent , which is consistent with a r and om distribution . These domains are likely to be less than 70 nm in diameter and are disrupted by removal of cellular cholesterol . These results indicate that lipid-linked proteins are organized in cholesterol-dependent su bmi cron-sized domains . Our methodology offers a new way of monitoring nanometre-scale association between molecules in living cells & NA ; Epidemiologic studies link plasma cholesterol reduction to increased mortality rates as a result of suicide , violence , and accidents . Deficient central serotonergic activity is similarly associated with violence and suicidal behavior . We investigated the relationship among dietary and plasma cholesterol , social behavior , and the serotonin system as a possible explanation for these findings . Juvenile cynomolgus monkeys ( eight female and nine male ) were fed a diet high in fat and either high or low in cholesterol . We then evaluated their behavior over an 8‐month period . Plasma lipids and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of serotonin , norepinephrine , and dopamine were assessed on two occasions , at 4 and 5.5 months after the initiation of behavioral observations . Animals that consumed a low‐cholesterol diet were more aggressive , less affiliative , and had lower cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid than did their high‐cholesterol counterparts ( p < .05 for each ) . The association among dietary cholesterol , serotonergic activity , and social behavior was consistent with data from other species and experiments and suggested that dietary lipids can influence brain neurochemistry and behavior ; this phenomenon could be relevant to our underst and ing of the increase in suicide and violence‐related death observed in cholesterol‐lowering trials A multicenter r and omized 4-week interindividual double-blind study was carried out in 58 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder ( DSM III 296.23 , 296.22 , 296.33 , 296.32 , 296.53 and 296.52 ) to test the dose-effect relationship of three different doses of the new cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram : 3 x 0.25 mg , 3 x 0.50 mg and 3 x 1.00 mg rolipram/day . With respect to the desired effect , the 3 x 0.50 mg dosage stood out from the others in almost all relevant parameters . With respect to the response rate , the efficacy of the 3 x 0.25 mg dosage was about the same as that reported in the literature for placebo . The inferior performance of the 3 x 1.00 mg dosage compared to the 3 x 0.50 mg dosage might indicate a reverse U-shaped dose-effect relationship . There was good tolerance to all three dosages . There were no findings that might cast doubt on the safety of the dosages tested Lipid microdomains are postulated to regulate many membrane-associated processes but have remained highly controversial . Here we provide the first direct evidence that the plasma membrane of intact , live cells is comprised of a sub-resolution mixture of approximately 76 % ordered and 24 % disordered lipid domains , which correspond to liquid-ordered and -disordered model membranes . These measurements were based on the unmixing of fluorescence lifetime decays ( phasor analysis ) obtained from environmentally sensitive membrane dyes that report the degree of lipid packing . Using the transmembrane protein Linker for Activation of T cells ( LAT ) as an example , we demonstrate that association with ordered domains retarded LAT diffusion and decreased clustering in meso-scaled protein domains as analysed by super-resolution microscopy . Our data therefore propose a membrane model in which the majority of the plasma membrane is covered by cholesterol-dependent , ordered lipid domains that contribute to the non-r and om distribution and diffusion of membrane constituents 
    Output:
    
Strong evidence implicates lipid microdomains in the regulation of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters ; serotonin 1A , 2A , 3A , and 7A receptors ; and dopamine D1 and β2 adrenergic receptors .
Results were conflicting or more complex regarding lipid microdomain associations with the dopamine transporter , D2 , D3 , and D5 receptors ; and negative with respect to β1 adrenergic receptors .
Indirect evidence suggests that antidepressants , lipid-lowering drugs , and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert effects on depression and suicide by altering the lipid milieu , thereby affecting monoaminergic transporter and receptor signaling .
The lipid composition of membrane subdomains is involved in localization and trafficking of specific monoaminergic receptors and transporters .