***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE : To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features : appropriate for assessing both r and omised and non-r and omised studies ; provision of both an overall score for study quality and a profile of scores not only for the quality of reporting , internal validity ( bias and confounding ) and power , but also for external validity . DESIGN : A pilot version was first developed , based on epidemiological principles , review s , and existing checklists for r and omised studies . Face and content validity were assessed by three experienced review ers and reliability was determined using two raters assessing 10 r and omised and 10 non-r and omised studies . Using different raters , the checklist was revised and tested for internal consistency ( Kuder-Richardson 20 ) , test-retest and inter-rater reliability ( Spearman correlation coefficient and sign rank test ; kappa statistics ) , criterion validity , and respondent burden . MAIN RESULTS : The performance of the checklist improved considerably after revision of a pilot version . The Quality Index had high internal consistency ( KR-20 : 0.89 ) as did the subscales apart from external validity ( KR-20 : 0.54 ) . Test-retest ( r 0.88 ) and inter-rater ( r 0.75 ) reliability of the Quality Index were good . Reliability of the subscales varied from good ( bias ) to poor ( external validity ) . The Quality Index correlated highly with an existing , established instrument for assessing r and omised studies ( r 0.90 ) . There was little difference between its performance with non-r and omised and with r and omised studies . Raters took about 20 minutes to assess each paper ( range 10 to 45 minutes ) . CONCLUSIONS : This study has shown that it is feasible to develop a checklist that can be used to assess the method ological quality not only of r and omised controlled trials but also non-r and omised studies . It has also shown that it is possible to produce a checklist that provides a profile of the paper , alerting review ers to its particular method ological strengths and weaknesses . Further work is required to improve the checklist and the training of raters in the assessment of external validity Using an affective priming procedure ( S. T. Murphy & R. B. Zajonc , 1993 ) , 7 studies examined the effects of the context ual activation of representations of attachment security ( secure base schema ) on the evaluation of neutral stimuli under either neutral or stressful context s. In all the studies , participants also reported on their attachment style . Results indicated that the subliminal priming of secure base representations led to more positive affective reactions to neutral stimuli than did the subliminal priming of neutral or no pictures under both neutral and stressful context s. Although the subliminal priming of positively valued , attachment-unrelated representations heightened positive evaluations under neutral context s , it failed to elicit positive affect under stressful context s. The results also revealed interesting effects of attachment style . The discussion focuses on the affective component of the secure base schema Two studies investigated how context ually activating attachment relationships influences the working self-concept in terms of agency and communion . In Study 1 , 245 participants were primed with a secure , avoidant , or anxious-ambivalent relationship and the implicit accessibility of agency and communion was assessed using word fragments . Activating a secure relationship increased the accessibility of communion , whereas activating an anxious-ambivalent relationship increased the accessibility of agency . In Study 2 , 123 participants were primed with a secure , preoccupied , avoidant-dismissive , or avoidant-fearful relationship  and explicit self-perceptions of agency and communion traits were assessed using the Extended Personality Attributes Question  naire ( EPAQ ) . Gender interacted with the attachment prime , such that men primed with a secure relationship reported higher communion than did men primed with an avoidant ( dis-missive or fearful ) relationship , whereas women primed with an anxious ( preoccupied or fearful ) relationship reported higher agency than did women primed with a secure relationship Ninety 6- and 7-year-olds ( 49.3 % White , mostly middle class ) from greater Washington , DC were r and omly assigned to a subliminal priming condition ( secure , happy , or neutral ) to determine if attachment security priming decreases physiological , expressive , and self-reported fear reactions to threatening stimuli . Dispositional attachment security was also assessed . Secure priming  and  attachment security each decreased electrodermal reactivity , increased vagal augmentation , and decreased fearful facial expressions compared to control conditions . Examination of a statistical interaction between security priming and child attachment indicated that , although secure children had increased vagal augmentation and fewer fearful expressions than insecure children , the effects of priming were constant across secure and insecure children . There were no priming or attachment effects associated with children 's self-reported fear 
    Output:
    
Thirty empirical studies met our inclusion criteria , including 28 adult and 2 child and adolescent sample s. The findings show that attachment security priming improved positive affect and reduced negative affect relative to control primes .
Importantly , repeated priming studies showed a cumulative positive effect of security priming over time .
We conclude that repeated priming study design s may be the most effective .