***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The weak ultrasonication ( 40 kHz , 12 mW , 1 week ) of ethanol solutions was found to reduce stimulation of the senses of smell and taste by the ethanol on the basis of blind tests with an aqueous ethanol solution ( 33.0 % w/v ) and an immature distilled spirit ( 25.0 % v/v ) . Experiments on mice also demonstrated that a treated aqueous ethanol solution had a weaker depressant effect on the central nervous system , as evaluated by the relative frequency with which mice regained the righting reflex at a dose of either 4.0 or 4.5 g/kg ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01 , respectively ) and by the reduction in rectal temperature at a dose of 5.0 g/kg ( p < 0.05 ) soon after ethanol administration . Analyses of both the ethanol concentration by head-space gas chromatography and the free radicals by electron spin resonance spectrometer failed to reveal any chemical changes in aqueous ethanol solutions subjected to weak ultrasonication . However , measurement of the spin-lattice relaxation time ( T1 ) of the 2H of water molecules by 2H-NMR showed that the treatment slightly accelerated the thermal motion of water molecules in the solutions . Treated solutions were also found to have a slightly higher density than untreated ones . These physical data demonstrate that weak ultrasonication induces a structural change , such as a more compact and homogeneous structure by changing the microdynamic behavior of the solution . These biological and physical studies suggest that only a slight structural change in an ethanol solution induces a marked change in the biological reactivity of ethanol without any chemical modification of the solution itself Objective : To determine in a series of r and omized blinded experiments using the REDEM technology whether differences between high homeopathic potencies and similarly potentized solvent can be detected . Design and Analysis : A REDEM device was employed as a black box . Sample s were measured in a capacitor that was connected to 60 individual oscillator circuits at frequencies between 250 and 930 KHz ; their oscillation damping was recorded . In two experiments ( 3 and 4 replications ) stable differences between a potentized ‘ mother tincture ’ and potentized solvent were assessed . Statistical analysis was done using ANCOVA . Results : Significant differences ( p < 0.01 ) between remedy and control were found , mostly at the same oscillator frequencies . Those differences found for only one remedy always were at frequencies adjacent to frequencies with differences for other remedies . Visual analysis : Where output curves were not near 0 , remedy values were higher than controls . Curves within a replication ran parallel , their distances varied . Between replications , curve shapes and remedy- control differences were similar , however , control curves varied in height . Control and remedy curves between experiments varied in shape . Effects increased with time and sample conductivity . Ethanol 43 % as solvent eliminated the observed effects , use of polyethylene containers considerably attenuated them . Conclusions : A probably physical difference was seen between potentized homeopathic remedies and potentized solvent . The differences are associated with sample age , solvent , and container material . The REDEM technology requires further investigation to determine the nature of the underlying mechanisms of the observed differences BACKGROUND Various investigators have observed significant effects of highly diluted histamine on  human basophil degranulation in vitro , compared to corresponding water controls . However , active and inactive dilution levels differed in most studies . OBJECTIVE We aim ed to reproduce former studies with flow-cytometry using rigorously controlled experimental conditions to minimise confounding factors . METHODS In seven independent experiments , basophils of the same human donor were incubated with diluted histamine ( up to 10(-34)M ) or water controls and activated with anti-IgE antibodies . Basophil activation was determined by using bi-colour flow-cytometry . Experiments were blinded and performed with a r and omised arrangement of the solutions on microtiter-plates . RESULTS Histamine at the dilutions 10(-2)M and 10(-22)M was associated with a significant inhibition of basophil degranulation ( p=0.018 , Wilcoxon signed rank test ) of 23.1 % and 5.7 % , respectively , if compared to " diluted " water treated in an identical manner . However , if all controls were pooled , only histamine 10(-2)M had a significant effect . Significant effects were seen for row numbers of the microtiter plates . CONCLUSION We were not able to confirm the previously reported large effects of homeopathic histamine dilutions on  basophil function of the examined donor . Seemingly , minor variables of the experimental set up can lead to significant differences of the results if not properly controlled 
    Output:
    
CONCLUSIONS Even experiments with a high method ological st and ard could demonstrate an effect of high potencies .