***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Evidence -based practice involves the use of evidence from systematic review s and r and omised controlled trials , but the extent of this evidence in physiotherapy has not previously been surveyed . The aim of this survey is to describe the quantity and quality of r and omised controlled trials and the quantity of systematic review s relevant to physiotherapy . The Physiotherapy Evidence Data base ( PEDro ) was search ed . The quality of trials was assessed with the PEDro scale . The search identified a total of 2,376 r and omised controlled trials and 332 systematic review s. The first trial was published in 1955 and the first review was published in 1982 . Since that time , the number of trials and review s has grown exponentially . The mean PEDro quality score has increased from 2.8 in trials published between 1955 and 1959 to 5.0 for trials published between 1995 and 1999 . There is a substantial body of evidence about the effects of physiotherapy . However , there remains scope for improvements in the quality of the conduct and reporting of clinical trials Study Design . Two abdominal muscle patterns were tested in the same group of individuals , and their effects were compared in relation to sacroiliac joint laxity . One pattern was contraction of the transversus abdominis , independently of the other abdominals ; the other was a bracing action that used all the lateral abdominal muscles . Objectives . To demonstrate the biomechanical effect of the exercise for the transversus abdominis known to be effective in low back pain . Summary of Background Data . Drawing in the abdominal wall is a specific exercise for the transversus abdominis muscle ( in cocontraction with the multifidus ) , which is used in the treatment of back pain . Clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated to be a reduction of 3-year recurrence from 75 % to 35 % . To the authors ’ best knowledge , there is not yet in vivo proof of the biomechanical effect of this specific exercise . This study of a biomechanical model on the mechanics of the sacroiliac joint , however , predicted a significant effect of transversus abdominis muscle force . Methods . Thirteen healthy individuals who could perform the test patterns were included .  Sacroiliac joint laxity values were recorded with study participants in the prone position during the two abdominal muscle patterns . The values were recorded by means of Doppler imaging of vibrations . Simultaneous electromyographic recordings and ultrasound imaging were used to verify the two muscle patterns . Results . The range of sacroiliac joint laxity values observed in this study was comparable with levels found in earlier studies of healthy individuals . These values decreased significantly in all individuals during both muscle patterns ( P < 0.001 ) . The independent transversus abdominis contraction decreased sacroiliac joint laxity ( or rather increased sacroiliac joint stiffness ) to a significantly greater degree than the general abdominal exercise pattern ( P < 0.0260 ) . Conclusions . Contraction of the transversus abdominis significantly decreases the laxity of the sacroiliac joint . This decrease in laxity is larger than that caused by a bracing action using all the lateral abdominal muscles . These findings are in line with the authors ’ biomechanical model predictions and support the use of independent transversus abdominis contractions for the treatment of low back pain Study Design : R and omized clinical study . Introduction : Supervised physical therapy ( PT ) and home exercise programs ( HEPs ) are frequently used in the rehabilitation of patients with distal radius fracture ( DRF ) . However , there is no consensus as to whether unsupervised HEP provides comparable benefits to those achieved by supervised PT . Purpose of the Study : To compare the improvements in pain and functional status between a supervised PT program and unsupervised HEP in DRF patients older than 60 years . Methods : A total of 74 patients were r and omized into 2 groups . One group received 12 sessions of supervised PT ( n = 37 ) , and the other group followed an exercise program at home ( n = 37 ) . Three evaluations were performed , before the initiation of treatment , at 6‐week , and 6‐month follow‐up . The study conducted a statistical power analysis to detect an intergroup difference score of 15 points on the Patient‐Rated Wrist Evaluation ( PRWE ) . The t‐test or Mann‐Whitney test was used , and it was set with a significance level of .05 . Results : The supervised PT group showed clinical ly significant differences in the total PRWE score at 6 weeks ( 17.67 points , P = .000 ) in the PRWE function score ( 15.2 points , P = .000 ) and in the PRWE pain score ( 5.6 points , P = .039 ) . There was also a significant difference in the total PRWE score at 6‐month follow‐up ( 17.05 points , P = .000 ) in the PRWE function score ( 14.5 points , P = .000 ) and in the PRWE pain score ( 2.5 points , P = .35 ) . Conclusions : A supervised PT program is more effective for improving function in the short‐ and medium‐term when compared with HEP in patients older than 60 years with DRF extraarticular without immediate complications . Level of Evidence : Study Design . A r and omized clinical trial . Objectives . To examine the effects of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises after a 2-year follow-up period . Summary of Background Data . An individualized treatment approach with specific stabilizing exercises is shown to be effective for women with pelvic girdle pain 1 year after delivery . No previous study has examined the long-term effects of treatment for women with postpartum pelvic girdle pain . Methods . Eighty-one women with pelvic girdle pain postpartum were assigned r and omly to 2 treatment groups for 20 weeks . Patient self-reported question naires measuring pain , disability , and health-related quality of life were collected after 20 weeks of treatment and 1 and 2 years postpartum . Results . All 81 women returned the question naires for the 2-year follow-up . Sixteen were excluded from the analysis , mainly due to new pregnancies . The significant differences between the groups in functional status , pain , and physical health ( SF-36 ) were maintained 2 years after delivery . Minimal disability was found in 85 % of the specific stabilizing exercise group as compared to 47 % in the control group . The control group showed significant improvement in functional status with median change score of 6.0 ( Q1–Q3 of −12–0 ) . Minimal evening pain was reported by 68 % in the specific stabilizing exercise group versus 23 % in the control group . However , the group differences disappeared for all measures when controlling for score level 1 year after delivery by regression analysis . Conclusion . The significant differences between the groups persisted with continued low levels of pain and disability in the specific stabilizing exercise group 2 years after delivery . Significant reduction in disability was found within the control group . Those with the highest level of disability and greatest potential for improvements recovered most , regardless of intervention group INTRODUCTION Pelvic girdle pain ( PGP ) is a universally disabling condition affecting three of 10 pregnant women . Qualitative studies on the subject are lacking . OBJECTIVE To describe pregnant women 's experiences of PGP as related to daily life . METHODS In all , 27 women with PGP participating in a r and omised controlled study were interviewed during 2010 - 2011 .  Qualitative content analysis was used . RESULTS Five main categories emerged : PGP affects the ability to cope with everyday life ; Coping with motherhood ; Relationships between partners often reached the breaking point ; Question ing one 's identity as defined by profession and work , and Lessons learned from living with PGP . The categories illustrate how women 's everyday lives were interrupted . Their inability to meet their own and others ' expectations put a strain on their lives causing disappointment , sadness and frustration . It made them question and doubt their roles and identities as mothers , partners and professionals , and kept them from looking forward to future pregnancies , in the absence of effective treatment for PGP . Knowledge gained was that women with PGP should seek help immediately , listen to their bodies , and acknowledge their limitations . CONCLUSION PGP severely affects pregnant women 's everyday lives . There appears to be a lack of knowledge and awareness in general , as well as among caregivers and employers of PGP that needs to be highlighted and rectified . There is also a great need to learn how to support those suffering from it . Appropriate support during this important and rare phase in a woman 's life is highly warranted Abstract Objectives To compare the efficacy of st and ard treatment , st and ard treatment plus acupuncture , and st and ard treatment plus stabilising exercises for  pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy . Design R and omised single blind controlled trial . Setting s East Hospital , Gothenburg , and 27 maternity care centres in Sweden . Participants 386 pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain . Interventions Treatment for six weeks with st and ard treatment ( n = 130 ) , st and ard treatment plus acupuncture ( n = 125 ) , or st and ard treatment plus stabilising exercises ( n = 131 ) . Main outcome measures Primary outcome measure was pain ( visual analogue scale ) ; secondary outcome measure was assessment of severity of pelvic girdle pain by an independent examiner before and after treatment . Results After treatment the stabilising exercise group had less pain than the st and ard group in the morning ( median difference = 9 , 95 % confidence interval 1.7 to 12.8 ; P = 0.0312 ) and in the evening ( 13 , 2.7 to 17.5 ; P = 0.0245 ) . The acupuncture group , in turn , had less pain in the evening than the stabilising exercise group ( −14 , −18.1 to −3.3 ; P = 0.0130 ) . Furthermore , the acupuncture group had less pain than the st and ard treatment group in the morning ( 12 , 5.9 to 17.3 ; P < 0.001 ) and in the evening ( 27 , 13.3 to 29.5 ; P < 0.001 ) . Attenuation of pelvic girdle pain as assessed by the independent examiner was greatest in the acupuncture group . Conclusion Acupuncture and stabilising exercises constitute efficient complements to st and ard treatment for the management of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy . Acupuncture was superior to stabilising exercises in this study Study Design . A r and omized controlled trial with stratified block design . Objectives . To evaluate a treatment program focusing on whether specific stabilizing exercises for patients with pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy reduce pain , improve functional status , and improve quality of life . Summary of Background Data . The evidence of effectiveness of treatment for pelvic girdle pain is weak . Recent research has focused on the importance of activation of muscles for motor control and stability of the lumbopelvic region . To the authors ’ knowledge , the efficacy of applying these principles for pelvic girdle pain has not previously been evaluated in a r and omized controlled trial . Methods . Eighty-one women with pelvic girdle pain were assigned r and omly to two treatment groups for 20 weeks . One group received physical therapy with a focus on specific stabilizing exercises . The other group received individualized physical therapy without specific stabilizing exercises . Assessment s were administered by a blinded assessor , at baseline , after intervention and 1 year post partum . Main outcome measures were pain , functional status and quality of life . Results . There were no dropouts . After intervention and at 1 year post partum , the specific stabilizing exercise group showed statistically and clinical ly significant lower pain intensity , lower disability , and higher quality of life compared with the control group . Group difference in median values for evening pain after treatment was 30 mm on the Visual Analog Scale . Disability was reduced by more than 50 % for the exercise group ; changes were negligible in the control group . Significant differences were also observed for physical tests , in favor of the specific exercise group . Conclusion . An individualized treatment approach with specific stabilizing exercises appears to be more effective than physical therapy without specific stabilizing exercises for women with pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy OBJECTIVE Pelvic girdle pain is a common complaint of pregnant women . There are limited data on comparison between the effectiveness of stabilizing exercises and lumbopelvic belt on the treatment of these patients . The objective of this study was to compare the effect of lumbopelvic belt plus information , home based pelvic girdle stabilizing exercises plus information and information alone on pain intensity , functional status and quality of life of pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain . METHODS In this r and omized clinical trial pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain ( n=105 ) were r and omly allocated to three groups ; Control group ( n=35 ) that received general information , exercise group ( n=31 ) that in addition to general information were asked to perform specific pelvic stabilizing exercises at home and belt group ( n=31 ) that received non-rigid lumbopelvic belt and the information . The primary outcome variables were pain intensity and functional status of the participants which were measured using visual analogue scale and Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) respectively . Quality of life of participants was measured using WHOQOL-BREF question naire . All measurements were performed at baseline , 3 and 6 weeks after the study conduction . RESULTS The pain intensity of patients in belt group in comparison to other groups was decreased significantly at both 3 and 6 weeks follow-ups . The mean score of ODI of patients in belt group was also improved more than exercise and control groups significantly . CONCLUSIONS On base of our results , it can be found that in short term lumbopelvic belt and information in treatment of pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain is superior to exercise plus information or information alone Study Design This study analyzed an education and training program concerning back and pelvic problems among pregnant women . Objective The program was aim ed at reducing tack and pelvic posterior pain during pregnancy . Summary of Background Data Low back and posterior 
    Output:
    
There is some limited evidence that stabilizing exercises decrease pain for postpartum women too .
In summary , there is limited evidence for the clinician to conclude on the effectiveness of stabilizing exercises in treating pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy and the postpartum periods