***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Split- thickness skin graft is one of the most common operations in plastic surgery . It is always painful and patient discomfort from donor site often is more significant than recipient site . There is not still a st and ard method for treatment of the donor site . The purpose of this study was to determine the best method of dressing the donor site among three different methods with respect to the rate of healing , pain , secretion , infection and cost . METHODS The study includes 60 patients that were r and omly divided into three groups . Donor site and thickness of the graft was the same and were dressed with one of the methods including Method A : Paraffin fine mesh gauze , Method B : Nitrofurazone soaked fine mesh gauze and Method C : Dry fine mesh gauze . Each method included an intermediate layer of sterile plastic sheet witch was covered with 10 layers of dry gauze . Comparison with respect to the rate of healing , pain , secretion , infection and cost was done . RESULTS Thirty seven patients were men and 23 were women . The mean age of the patients was 27.2 years . There was a significant difference between three methods in average time of repair and superiority of dressing with Method B was noted . Pain severity was the least in Method B and difference between the methods was significant . Dressing with Method B had the least secretion and there was a statistically significant difference between three methods . There was no statistically significant difference in cost of the management . CONCLUSION This study showed that dressing the donor site with nitrofurazone ointment soaked gauze used as the first layer of dressing and intermediate layer of sterile plastic sheet which was covered with 10 layers of dry gauze was the best method of dressing and had the least complications Accelerating the healing process and reducing pain during healing are beneficial for the following reasons : faster return to work , lower risk of wound infection , improved quality of life , and possibly reduced need for analgesia . This clinical study assessed the effectiveness of a new oxygen-diffusion dressing ( OxyB and ; Oxyb and Technologies , St. Louis , MO ) compared with st and ard Xeroform gauze dressings ( Convidien , Mansfield , MA ) , in the care of skin-graft donor sites in burn patients .  Time to healing was the primary endpoint , and pain scores and cosmetic outcome were also assessed . This was a prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled study of burn patients undergoing harvesting of two donor sites . Patients were followed at predetermined time points for 30 to 45 days to determine the time to reepithelialization , cosmetic appearance , and pain .  Subjects were adult burn patients with less than 30 % TBSA burns admitted to the burn center , who required excision and grafting . Twenty patients were enrolled , of whom 17 completed the study . Average age was 35 years . Average burn size was 9.2 % TBSA . Patients underwent harvesting of split-thickness skin grafts with one donor wound dressed with OxyB and and the other dressed in Xeroform gauze . Wounds were inspected and photographed on postoperative days 4 and 8 , and then every 2 days until the donor wounds were healed . Pain scores at each site were also collected at these visits ( rated by patients on a scale from 0 to 10 ) . Mean time to wound healing  for OxyB and was 9.3 ± 1.7 days ; for Xeroform , 12.4 ± 2.7 days ( P < .001 ) . Pain scores were lower ( P < .01 ) at the OxyB and site compared with the Xeroform site at all time points during postoperative days 4 to 12 . There was no difference in the cosmetic outcome of the wounds at 30 to 45 days postoperatively . This study revealed a decrease in the time to healing and in pain at donor sites dressed with an oxygen-diffusion dressing An ongoing objective of burn research is to evaluate wound dressings and develop new treatments to expedite wound healing . This was a single-center , prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquacel Ag as a dressing for autogenous skin donor sites compared with Xeroform . We hypothesized that donor sites treated with Aquacel Ag would heal faster . Patients were considered for enrollment if they required skin grafting with two donor sites > 100 cm2 at least 2 inches apart .  Dressings were observed daily starting on post-op day # 2 until discharge and then weekly in the outpatient burn clinic . Assessment s evaluated pain , infection , and reapplication . Photographs were taken on post-op day # 2 , upon “ 90 % re-epithelialization , ” and at post-op day # 30–45 . Scar assessment s and blinded photographic review s were completed to assess cosmetic healing .  Twenty-nine patients completed the study .  Re-epithelialization occurred faster with Xeroform ( 15.2 days vs 17.6 days ) . Daily pain scores were higher with Xeroform ( 6.72 vs 5.68 ) and Aquacel Ag needed to be replaced more often ( 1.72 times vs 0.10 times ) . Three patients developed donor site infections with Aquacel Ag . Scar scores between the donor sites were not statistically significant . The blinded photo review concluded that Xeroform had a better cosmetic outcome ( 24 vs 10 % ) . Although patients complained of more pain with Xeroform , it demonstrated shorter healing times and better cosmetic outcomes . Aquacel Ag needed to be replaced more often and represented the only three donor site infections The present study was performed in China to compare the efficacy and safety of an advanced wound dressing made of crystalline cellulose ( Veloderm ® ) to a conventional treatment of three Vaseline gauzes in the management of skin donor sites of burns or reconstructive plastic surgery . In this prospect i ve , multicenter , open-labeled , r and omized clinical trial performed in three Chinese burn centers in China , 96 patients who required autologous split skin graft were r and omized into either the test ( Veloderm ® ) group or the control ( Vaseline gauze ) group . Average healing times in the test group and in the control group were 8.40±2.90 and 8.92±2.58 days , respectively , with median values of 7.00 and 8.00 days , respectively : the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P=.045 ) . Scores for exu date s , pain intensity , and peripheral erythema showed no difference between the groups ; however , composite scores of three variables on day 10 postoperatively was significantly lower in the test group ( 0.00±0.00 vs 0.13±0.49 ; P = .043 ) . The need for a dressing change was also significantly lower in the test group ( 12.5 vs 31.25 % ; P = .036 ) . Veloderm ® is a safe and effective dressing that may offer some advantages over the traditional application of Vaseline gauze in the management of donor sites in burn or reconstructive plastic surgery patients Skin graft is a st and ard therapeutic technique in patients with deep ulcers , but managing donor site after grafting is very important . Although several modern dressings are available to enhance the comfort of donor site , using techniques that accelerate wound healing may enhance patient satisfaction . Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) has been used in several medical fields , including healing of diabetic , surgical , and pressure ulcers , but there is not any report of using this method for healing of donor site in burn patients . The protocol s and informed consent were review ed according to Medical Ethics Board of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ( IR.SBMU.REC.1394.363 ) and Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( I RCT 2016020226069N2 ) . Eighteen donor sites in 11 patients with grade 3 burn ulcer were selected . Donor areas were divided into 2 parts , for laser irradiation and control r and omly . Laser area was irradiated by a red , 655-nm laser light , 150 mW , 2 J/cm2 , on days 0 ( immediately after surgery ) , 3 , 5 , and 7 . Dressing and other therapeutic care for both sites were the same . The patients and the person who analyzed the results were blinded . The size of donor site reduced in both groups during the 7-day study period ( P < 0.01 ) and this reduction was significantly greater in the laser group ( P = 0.01 ) . In the present study , for the first time , we evaluate the effects of LLLT on the healing process of donor site in burn patients . The results showed that local irradiation  of red laser accelerates wound healing process significantly This study aim ed to investigate whether previous findings from a small retrospective study could be replicated prospect ively . The previous study showed that patients with an existing diagnosis of psychosis or depression , admitted to a burns service , had longer hospital stays and longer wound healing times when compared with controls matched for burn injury but without a pre-existing psychiatric condition [ 1 ] . In this study it was hypothesised that those patients without pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis , but with high levels of psychological distress after burn would also show a similar pattern of delayed recovery to those with a pre-existing psychiatric illness . In addition , we examined potential mechanisms for slowed recovery , including ; adherence with treatment ; delayed discharge on social grounds and psychological distress . It was hypothesised that patients with pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis would exhibit poorer adherence and delayed placement due to social reasons , compared to patients without pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses . 107 consecutive admissions to a burns service over a seven-month period were included in the study . Psychiatric history and level of psychological distress post-burn were collected for all patients as part of routine psychological screening . Patients were compared on the following outcome variables : number of days spent in hospital and number of procedures required .  24 % ( n=27 ) were found to have a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis . This group were also found to have significantly longer hospital stays ( Mann-Whitney U=585.50 , p<0.01 ) and required more surgical procedures than the group without a psychiatric history ( Mann-Whitney U=569.00 , p=<0.001 ) . The pattern of results for the group with high psychological distress but without pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses mirrored that of the group with pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses , suggesting that heightened psychological distress alone , has a significant delaying effect upon the rate of recovery ( Kruskal-Wallis X=24.75 , p<0.01 ) . An exploratory model entering all the variables stepwise at the same stage identified poor adherence and delayed discharge issues as making significant contributions to the final model ( r=0.81 adjusted r(2)=62.9 , F ( 4 , 42)=20.48 , p<0.001 ) . In conclusion , this study supports the role of psychosocial factors , such as pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis and in hospital psychological distress , in contributing the recovery of survivors of burns . This suggests that identifying and working with these difficulties may impact not only on psychosocial , but also physical aspects of recovery OBJECTIVES : To compare postoperative healing of split-thickness skin graft ( STSG ) donor sites using traditional dressings ( paraffin gauze ) or modern wound dressings ( alginate dressing and polyurethane film ) in a r and omized controlled trial . METHOD : Thirty patients were r and omly assigned to treatment of an STSG donor site with an alginate dressing and a polyurethane film or nonadherent paraffin gauze . Outcome variables were pain ( measured with a visual analog scale ) , amount of dressing changes , healing time , cosmetic outcome , treatment costs , and overall satisfaction with the procedure . RESULTS : There was no significant difference in pain ( postoperative day 1 : 2.1 vs 1.2 , P = .26 ; postoperative days 5–7 : 1.0 vs 0.9 , P = .47 ; final removal : 1.9 vs 1.0 , P = .19 ) and time to healing ( 18.1 vs 15.4 days , P = .29 ) between alginate/polyurethane film dressing and nonadherent paraffin gauze . The semiocclusive dressings with polyurethane film required multiple dressing changes , whereas the nonadherent paraffin gauze could be left in place until complete epithelialization . Treatment costs were substantially lower for paraffin gauze . CONCLUSIONS : Semiocclusive dressings with alginate dressings and polyurethane film showed no advantages over treatment with paraffin gauze . With lower costs and better patient acceptance , paraffin gauze dressings were the preferred treatment for STSG donor sites BACKGROUND This paper presents the results of the first part of the clinical study of temporary biosynthetic dermal skin substitute based a on collagen and hyaluronic acid , named Coladerm H/HM . The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and effects of Coladerm H/HM in covering the split-thickness skin graft donor sites in humans . This membrane was applied to a part of the split-thickness skin graft donor site ; its effects and properties were compared to st and ard dressing used for covering the split-thickness skin graft donor sites at the Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery , University Hospital Bratislava , Slovakia , Dermazin ® ( Lek ) + Acidum Aceticum 1 % ( magistraliter ) , which were applied together to the rest of the donor site . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty patients were r and omly selected with the following criteria : age of 18 - 65 years , no severe accompanying diseases such as diabetes , renal failure , immune disorders , severe arteriosclerosis , severe allergic conditions . Evaluation 
    Output:
    
Conclusion : The literature on STSG donor-site dressings has not yet identified an ideal dressing .