***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE Several retrospective analyses have suggested that obese men with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy ( EBRT ) have outcomes inferior to those of normal-weight men . However , a recently presented analysis for the first time challenged this association between body mass index ( BMI ) and treatment failure . It is therefore important to provide further data on this issue . METHODS AND MATERIAL S This was a retrospective analysis of 564 men treated with risk-adapted conformal EBRT at a single institution . Low-risk patients received EBRT alone , and the other patients received EBRT plus endocrine treatment . In addition , high-risk patients were treated to higher EBRT doses ( 74 Gy ) . A rectal balloon catheter for internal immobilization , which can be identified on portal images , was used in 261 patients ( 46 % ) . Thus , localization did not rely on bony l and marks alone in these cases . RESULTS The median BMI was 26 , and 15 % of patients had BMI ≥30 . Neither univariate nor multivariate analyses detected any significant impact of BMI on biochemical relapse , prostate cancer-specific survival , or overall survival . The 5-year biochemical relapse rate was 21 % and prostate cancer-specific survival 96 % . CONCLUSIONS The present analysis of a large cohort of consecutively treated patients suggests that efforts to reduce prostate movement and geographic miss might result in comparable outcomes in obese and normal-weight patients PURPOSE Several lines of evidence suggest that diet and weight gain may be important environmental factors implicated in prostate carcinogenesis , especially in tumor progression . The purpose of this study was to evaluate obesity at different ages in a well-characterized cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with prostatectomy  and to develop a prognostic model that incorporates body mass index ( BMI ) as a measure of obesity . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We carried out a prospect i ve study of 526 patients registered at the M.D. And erson Cancer Center from 1992 to 2001 . Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were done . RESULTS During an average follow-up of 54 months , 97 ( 18 % ) post-prostatectomy patients experienced biochemical failure . Patients who were obese ( BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 ) at diagnosis had a higher rate of biochemical failure than nonobese men ( P = 0.07 ) . Those obese at 40 years had an even greater rate of biochemical failure ( P = 0.001 ) . Higher BMI at diagnosis [ hazard ratio ( HR ) , 1.07 ; P = 0.01 ] and Gleason score = 7(4 + 3 ) and > or = 8 ( HR , 3.9 ; P = 0.03 and HR , 10.0 ; P < or = 0.001 , respectively ) remained significant independent predictors of biochemical failure in multivariate analysis . Men who gained weight at the greatest rate ( > 1.5 kg/y ) between 25 years and diagnosis progressed significantly sooner ( mean time , 17 months ) than those who exhibited a slower weight gain ( mean time , 39 months ; P(trend ) = 0.005 ) . The inclusion of obesity to the clinical nomogram improved performance . CONCLUSIONS Our findings vali date the importance for a role of obesity in prostate cancer progression and suggest a link to the biological basis of prostate cancer progression that can be therapeutically exploited Increasing body mass index ( BMI ) is associated with shorter time to prostate‐specific antigen ( PSA ) failure after radical prostatectomy . Whether BMI is associated with time to PSA failure was investigated in men treated with and rogen suppression therapy ( AST ) and radiation therapy ( RT ) for clinical ly localized prostate cancer OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of obesity on the outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy .  METHODS AND MATERIAL S In a prospect i ve urologic cancer data base , 765 patients underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer . The patients were categorized into 3 groups of body mass index ( kg/m(2 ) ) : < 25.0 ( n = 276 , 30 % , " normal weight " ) , 25.0 to 30.0 ( n = 365 , 48 % , " overweight " ) and > 30.0 ( n = 124 , 16 % , " obese " ) . We assessed the perioperative , oncological , and functional outcomes in this cohort of patients . Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of continence and erectile function were performed using vali date d question naires . RESULTS Mean operative time was significantly longer in obese patients ( P < .001 ) and blood loss was also more important ( P < .01 ) . The obese patients had the highest likelihood of having aggressive tumors : nonorgan confined prostate cancer ( 49 % , P = .002 ) and Gleason score ≥ 7 ( 80 % , P = .005 ) . The obese group had the higher positive surgical margins rate ( overall : 27 % , P = .012 ; pT2 : 20 % , P = .02 ) . With a mean follow-up of 38 months , obesity was not an independent predictive factor of biochemical recurrence . At the 12-month follow-up , 85 % , 74 % , and 72 % of normal , overweight , and obese men , respectively , were continent ( no pad ) ( P = .04 ) . At the 12-month follow-up , 57 % , 58 % , and 40 % of normal , overweight , and obese men , respectively , reported an erection sufficient for intercourse ( P = .01 ) . CONCLUSION Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a safe and effective procedure in obese men with midterm cancer control . However , obese patients are at higher risk of aggressive disease . Recovery of continence and potency in these patients are significantly lower compared to nonobese men 
    Output:
    
The findings from meta- analysis showed that excess BMI was positively correlated with BCR of PCa multifacetedly , indicating good weight control and detailed attention to treating obese patients might improve the prognosis of PCa