***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: AIM To evaluate the feasibility , safety , and tolerance of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma . METHODS Three hundred and sixteen patients su bmi tted to operations associated with colorectostomy from January 2004 to September 2005 were r and omized to two groups : In experimental group ( n=161 ) , the nasogastric tube was removed after the operation from 12 to 24 h and was promised immediately oral feeding ; In control group ( n=155 ) , the nasogastric tube was maintained until the passage of flatus per rectum . Variables assessed included the time to first passage of flatus , the time to first passage of stool , the time elapsed postoperative stay , and postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage , acute dilation of stomach , wound infection and dehiscense , fever , pulmonary infection and pharyngolaryngitis . RESULTS The median and average days to the first passage of flatus ( 3.0+/-0.9 vs 3.6+/-1.2 , P<0.001 ) , the first passage of stool ( 4.1+/-1.1 vs 4.8+/-1.4 , P<0.001 ) and the length of postoperative stay ( 8.4+/-3.4 vs 9.6+/-5.0 , P<0.05 ) were shorter in the experimental group than in the control group . The postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage ( 1.24 % vs 2.58 % ) , acute dilation of stomach ( 1.86 % vs 0.06 % ) and wound complications ( 2.48 % vs 1.94 % ) were similar in the groups , but fever ( 3.73 % vs 9.68 % , P<0.05 ) , pulmonary infection ( 0.62 % vs 4.52 % , P<0.05 ) and pharyngolaryngitis ( 3.11 % vs 23.23 % , P<0.001 ) were much more in the control group than in the experimental group . CONCLUSION The present study shows that application of gastrointestinal decompression after colorectostomy can not effectively reduce postoperative complications . On the contrary , it may increase the incidence rate of fever , pharyngolaryngitis and pulmonary infection . These strategies of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing colorectostomy are feasible and safe and associated with reduced postoperative discomfort and can accelerate the return of bowel function and improve rehabilitation Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications affecting patients after surgery and causes significant morbidity and increased length of hospital stay . It is accepted that patients undergoing surgery on the bowel are at a higher risk . In the current era of minimally invasive colorectal surgery combined with enhanced recovery , reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting is particularly important . Dexamethasone is widely , but not universally used . It is known to improve appetite and gastric emptying , thus reduce vomiting . However , this benefit is not established in patients undergoing bowel surgery , and dexamethasone has possible side effects such as increased risk of wound infection and anastomotic leak that could adversely affect recovery . Design DREAMS is a phase III , double-blind , multicenter , r and omized controlled trial with the primary objective of determining if preoperative dexamethasone reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal resections . DREAMS aims to r and omize 1,350 patients over 2.5 years . Patients undergoing laparoscopic or open colorectal resections for malignant or benign pathology are r and omized between 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone and control ( no dexamethasone ) . All patients are given one additional antiemetic at the time of induction , prior to r and omization . Both the patient and their surgeon are blinded as to the treatment arm . Secondary objectives of the DREAMS trial are to determine whether there are other measurable benefits during recovery from surgery with the use of dexamethasone , including quicker return to oral diet and reduced length of stay . Health-related quality of life , fatigue and risks of infections will be investigated . Trial registration IS RCT OBJECTIVE : This prospect i ve r and omized clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of early oral feeding after colorectal operations . METHODS : A total of 199 patients underwent colorectal surgery and were r and omly assigned to  early feeding ( n = 99 ) or a regular diet ( n = 100 ) . Patients ' characteristics , diagnoses , surgical procedures , comorbidity , bowel movements , defecation , nasogastric tube reinsertion , time of tolerance of solid diet , complications , and length of hospitalization were assessed . RESULTS : The two groups were similar in terms of gender , age , diagnosis , surgical procedures , and comorbidity . In the early feeding group , 85.9 % of patients tolerated the early feeding schedule . Bowel movements ( 1.7±0.89 vs. 3.27±1.3 ) , defecation ( 3.4±0.77 vs. 4.38±1.18 ) and time of tolerance of solid diet ( 2.48±0.85 vs. 4.77±1.81 ) were significantly earlier in the early feeding group . There was no change between the groups in terms of nasogastric tube reinsertion , overall complication or anastomotic leakage . Hospitalization ( 5.55±2.35 vs. 9.0±6.5 ) was shorter in the early feeding group . CONCLUSIONS : The present study indicated that early oral feeding after elective colorectal surgery was not only well tolerated by patients but also affected the postoperative outcomes positively . Early postoperative feeding is safe and leads to the early recovery of gastrointestinal functions Background : The current trend in postoperative nutrition is to promote a normal oral diet as early as possible . However , postoperative ileus is a frequent and common problem after major abdominal surgery . This study was design ed to investigate whether early enteral nutrition ( EEN ) , as a bridge to a normal diet , can reduce postoperative ileus . Methods : Patients undergoing major rectal surgery for locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal carcinoma ( after neoadjuvant (chemo)-radiation , with or without intraoperative radiotherapy ) were r and omly assigned to EEN ( n = 61 ) or early parenteral nutrition ( EPN , n = 62 ) in addition to an oral diet . Early nutrition was started 8 hours after surgery . Early parenteral nutrition was given as control nutrition to obtain caloric equivalence and minimize confounding . The primary endpoint was time to first defecation ; secondary outcomes were morbidity , other ileus symptoms , and length of hospital stay . Results : Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups . In intention-to-treat analysis , the time to first defecation was significantly shorter in the enteral nutrition arm than in the control arm ( P = 0.04 ) . Moreover , anastomotic leakage occurred significantly less frequently in the enteral group ( 1 patient ) compared with parenteral supplementation ( 9 patients , P = 0.009 ) . Mean length of stay in the enteral group was 13.4 ± 2.2 days versus 16.7 ± 2.3 days in the parenteral group ( P = 0.007 ) . Conclusions : Early enteral nutrition is safe and associated with significantly less ileus . Early enteral nutrition is associated with less anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing extensive rectal surgery BACKGROUND This study assesses the safety outcome of early oral feeding and reports on the factors affecting early postoperative feeding after colorectal procedures . PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 2005 and April 2008 , 120 consecutive patients underwent elective colonic anastomosis and were then r and omized into two groups . The early feeding group began fluids on the first postoperative day while the regular feeding group was managed in the traditional way - nothing by mouth until the resolution of ileus . RESULTS The majority of patients ( 75 % ) tolerated the early feeding . The times to first passage of flatus ( 3.3+/-0.9 days vs 4.2+/-1.2 days ) and stool ( 4.1+/-1.2 days vs 4.9+/-1.2 days ) were significantly quicker in group 1 . Hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the early feeding group ( 6.2+/-0.2 days vs 6.9+/-0.5 days ) . Operative time and amount of blood loss had an impact on the tolerability of early feeding while age , gender , type of operation and previous abdominal operation had no such impact . CONCLUSION Early oral feeding after colorectal surgery is safe and tolerated by the majority of patients . Operative time and amount of blood loss do , however , have an impact on the tolerability of early feeding Background : Nasogastric ( NG ) intubation is widely used following elective abdominal operations although it is associated with morbidity and discomfort . The present study is a r and omised controlled trial on the effect of early oral feeding without NG decompression  following elective colorectal resection for cancer Background We have proposed a simplified perioperative rehabilitation program for elective colonic surgery that is focused on early oral nutrition and that could reduce hospital stay and postoperative ileus time without raising complications and readmission rates . Patients and methods Fifty-four patients admitted for elective colonic surgery were prospect ively r and omized into two groups : ( 1 ) an early feeding group (EFG)—on the first postoperative day , patients initially received a oral liquid diet and were advanced to a regular diet within the next 24 h as tolerated and at their discretion ; ( 2 ) a traditional care group— patients were managed by nothing per orus until the elimination of the first flatus and then su bmi tted to an oral liquid diet , followed by a regular diet within the next 24 h as described for the EFG . All patients followed a well-defined , simplified rehabilitation program . Results Patients ' baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups . Hospital stay was significantly lower in the EFG ( 4.0 [ ±3.7 ] versus 7.6 [ ±8.1 ] days ; p = 0.000 ) . Diet tolerance and progression were similar between groups . Time to first flatus after surgery was significantly lower in the EFG ( 1.5 [ ±0.5 ] versus 2.0 [ ±0.7 ] days ; p = 0.019 ) . Complication and readmission rates were similar in both groups . Conclusions Early oral nutrition associated with a simplified perioperative rehabilitation program reduces postoperative length of hospital stay and ileus time after elective colonic resection without increasing rates of complications or readmissions Postoperative convalescence is mainly determined by the extent and duration of postoperative ileus . This r and omized clinical trial evaluated the effects of  early oral feeding  on functional gastrointestinal recovery and quality of life BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early enteral nutrition ( EEN ) after surgery should be preferred to parenteral feeding , but its clinical use is limited for concerns about possible gastrointestinal ( GI ) adverse effects and feeding tube-related complications . Thus we evaluated our experience focusing on safety and tolerance of early postoperative jejunal feeding and possible risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse effects . METHODS 650 subjects treated with EEN after major digestive surgery for cancer were prospect ively studied .  EEN was started within 12 hours after operation via a naso-jejunal ( NJ ) feeding tube or a catheter-feeding jejunostomy . The rate of infusion was progressively increased to reach the nutritional goal ( 25 kcal/kg/day ) within the 4th postoperative day . Rigorous treatment protocol s for diet delivery and EEN-related GI adverse effects were applied . RESULTS 402 patients had a jejunostomy and 248 patients a NJ tube .  EEN-related GI adverse effects were observed in 194/650 patients ( 29.8 % ) . In 136/194 patients , these events were successfully h and led by treatment protocol s. Overall the nutritional goal was achieved in 592/650 patients ( 91.1 % ) . Fifty-eight ( 8.9 % ) subjects had to be switched to parenteral feeding because of refractory intolerance to EEN . Intra-abdominal surgical complications and low serum albumin ( < 30 g/L ) were the two major factors affecting tolerance . Severe jejunostomy-related complications occurred in 7/402 ( 1.7 % ) patients . EEN-related mortality was 0.1 % ( 1/650 ) . CONCLUSIONS The use of the gut early after surgery is safe and well-tolerated and it should represent the first choice for nutritional support in this type of patients Abstract Background Postoperative bowel paralysis is common after abdominal operations , including colectomy . As a result , hospitalization may be prolonged , thereby leading to increased cost . A recent r and omized controlled trial showed that the consumption of regular black coffee after colectomy is associated with a significantly faster resumption of intestinal motility . The mechanism by which coffee stimulates intestinal motility is unknown , but caffeine seems to be the most likely stimulating agent . Thus , the effect of caffeine on postoperative bowel activity after colon surgery will be analyzed in this trial , herein referred to as CaCo . Methods / design Pat 
    Output:
    
Any form of early postoperative diet provided into the GIT early after colorectal surgery is likely to stimulate gut motility , result ing in earlier return of bowel function and shorter length of stay