***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) are important enzymes in tissue turnover and various inflammatory processes . In this study , it was evaluated whether serum MMP-8 can predict the response to adjuvant interferon alfa-2b ( IFN-α ) therapy in patients with operated high-risk cutaneous melanoma . Pre-treatment sera from 460 patients with stage IIB – IIIC melanoma were analyzed for MMP-8 . The patients were r and omized after surgery to adjuvant IFN-α for 12 or 24 months ( n = 313 ) or observation only ( n = 147 ) . The median serum MMP-8 level was used to classify the patients into a low MMP-8 ( n = 232 ) and a high MMP-8 ( n = 228 ) group . In the high MMP-8 subgroup , IFN-α therapy significantly improved relapse-free survival ( RFS ) . RFS was 36.8 months in patients with high MMP-8 levels receiving IFN-α therapy , whereas RFS for those with high MMP-8 levels with observation only was 10.6 months ( P = 0.027 ) . Median overall survival for patients with high MMP-8 and observation only was 36.7 versus 71.7 months in those receiving IFN-α ( P = 0.13 ) . In a multivariate model , IFN-α therapy was a significant predictor of favorable RFS ( HR 0.74 ; 95 % CI 0.55–0.99 ; P = 0.048 ) , after adjustment for pre-treatment MMP-8 ( HR 1.17 ; 95 % CI 0.88–1.55 ; P = 0.28 ) , gender ( HR 1.16 ; 95 % CI 0.86–1.56 ; P = 0.32 ) , age ( HR 1.00 ; 95 % CI 1.00–1.02 ; P = 0.12 ) , ulceration ( HR 1.09 ; 95 % CI 0.81–1.46 ; P = 0.58 ) , and the presence of node metastases ( HR 1.36 ; 95 % CI 1.17–1.58 ; P < 0.0001 ) . In conclusion , patients with  high serum MMP-8 levels  may benefit from adjuvant IFN-α therapy , but this observation should be further investigated Highlights19 cytokine levels significantly differed between breast cancer patients and healthy controls . IL‐8 , MIP‐1 alpha , MIP‐1 beta , MMP‐8 , Resistin , FLRG , and BCAM were significantly higher in breast cancer patients , LAP and TSH‐&bgr ; levels were lower . The above nine cytokines were clinical ly vali date d in breast cancer patients by ELISA.These nine cytokines represented up or down regulation in breast cancer . They may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnoses . ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death among women , with a more 20 % 5‐year survival rate after metastases . It is therefore critical to improve early diagnosis in order to improve disease prognosis . This study investigates cytokine profiles of breast cancer serum with the aim of identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis . A solid‐phase antibody array was used for screening 274 biomarkers in serum from breast cancer patients .  ELISA assay was carried out to identify biomarkers with differential expression . The serum levels of IL‐8 , MIP‐1 alpha , MIP‐1 beta , MMP‐8 , Resistin , FLRG , and BCAM were significantly higher in breast cancer patients , but LAP and TSH‐&bgr ; levels were lower . ELISA assay results confirmed those of the antibody array . Our results suggest that these cytokines , screened by antibody array , might serve as novel inflammatory markers in breast cancer patients . Whether these biomarkers are specific for breast cancer and can help to improve diagnoses and prognoses of breast cancer needs further investigation INTRODUCTION Carotid Body Tumors ( CBTs ) are Paragangliomas ( PGLs ) located in the head and neck region which usually do not cause overt neuroendocrine symptoms and hypertension . Matrix Metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) have shown a strong correlation between CBTs and their clinical behavior . Aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between changes in arterial blood pressure and metalloproteinases levels after surgical resection of CBTs . METHODS We performed a multicenter clinical study on 17 patients with benign and malignant CBTs ( 5 males ; 12 females ) . Tumors were completely resected and biopsies , obtained at the time of surgery , were lysed for Western blot analysis to determine MMPs levels in tissues . An enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay ( ELISA ) kit was used to determine the concentration of MMPs in plasma fluid . Blood pressure values were measured at admission and at 10 days after surgery . RESULTS At the time of the admission , blood pressure values were higher in patients with CBTs respect to control patients ; moreover in patients with malignant CBTs blood pressure values were higher ( P < 0.01 ) respect to patients with benign CBTs . 10 days after the surgery , we documented a significant decrease ( P < 0.01 ) in blood pressure values and in MMPs levels in all patients with CBTs . CONCLUSION These results suggest that , despite the CTBs are considered non-functional tumors , an " underestimated " neuroendocrine activity on arterial blood pressure may be detected Background Matrix metalloproteinase-8 ( MMP-8 ) is a protease mainly expressed by neutrophils that cleaves numerous substrates , including collagens and cytokines . We have previously shown that serum MMP-8 levels increase in colorectal cancer ( CRC ) and correlate with distant metastasis . However , short follow-up in our prospect i ve cohort did not enable survival analyses at the time of the first publication . Methods Preoperative  serum MMP-8 levels  were measured by immunofluorometric assay in 271 CRC patients and related to clinicopathological parameters , markers of systemic inflammation ( modified Glasgow Prognostic Score , mGPS ; serum levels of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , albumin and 13 cytokines ) , the density of six types of tumour-infiltrating immune cells and survival . Results Increased MMP-8 levels associated with higher mGPS and higher serum levels of CRP and several cytokines , including IL-1ra , IL-7 and IL-8 ( p < 0.001 for all ) . Serum MMP-8 negatively correlated with tumour-infiltrating mast cells ( invasive margin : p = 0.005 , tumour centre : p = 0.010 ) . The patients with high-serum MMP-8 levels ( > 100 ng/mL ) had poor cancer-specific survival , independent of tumour stage , grade , lymphatic invasion , patient age , BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry , mismatch repair deficiency , Immunoscore and mGPS ( multivariate HR 2.12 , 95 % CI 1.21–3.71 , p = 0.009 ) . Conclusions High-serum MMP-8 levels are associated with systemic inflammation and adverse outcome in CRC 
    Output:
    
The collective evidence reveals that in breast , skin and oral tongue cancer , MMP8 inhibits cancer cell invasion and proliferation , and protects patients from metastasis via cleavage of non-structural substrates .
Conversely , in liver and gastric cancers , high levels of MMP8 worsen the prognosis .
Expression and genetic alterations of MMP8 can be used as a prognostic factor by examination of the tumor and serum/plasma .
We conclude , that MMP8 has differing effects on cancers depending on their tissue of origin .
The use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor alone , or with other factors , seems to have potential .
The molecular mechanisms of MMP8 in cancer further emphasize its role as an important regulator of bioactive molecules