***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( RALP ) has become widely used without high- grade evidence of superiority regarding long-term clinical outcomes compared with open retropubic radical prostatectomy ( RRP ) , the gold st and ard . OBJECTIVE To compare patient-reported urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction 12 mo after RALP or RRP .  DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospect i ve , controlled , nonr and omised trial of patients undergoing prostatectomy in 14 centres using RALP or RRP .  Clinical -record forms and vali date d patient question naires at baseline and 12 mo after surgery were collected . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES Odds ratios ( ORs ) were calculated with logistic regression and adjusted for possible confounders . The primary end point was urinary incontinence ( change of pad less than once in 24h vs one time or more per 24h ) at 12 mo . Secondary end points were erectile dysfunction at 12 mo and positive surgical margins . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS At 12 mo after RALP , 366 men ( 21.3 % ) were  incontinent  , as were 144 ( 20.2 % ) after RRP . The unadjusted OR was 1.08 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.87–1.34 ) . Erectile dysfunction was observed in 1200 men ( 70.4 % ) 12 mo after RALP and 531 ( 74.7 % ) after RRP . The unadjusted OR was 0.81 ( 95 % CI , 0.66–0.98 ) . CONCLUSIONS In a Swedish setting , RALP for prostate cancer was modestly beneficial in preserving erectile function compared with RRP , without a statistically significant difference regarding urinary incontinence or surgical margins . PATIENT SUMMARY We compared patient-reported urinary incontinence after prostatectomy with two types of surgical technique . There was no statistically significant improvement in the rate of urinary leakage , but there was a small improvement regarding erectile function after robot-assisted operation Background To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the new robotic TELELAP ALF-X platform in a heterogeneous series of gynecological procedures . Methods Between September 2013 and May 2014 , 146 patients were enrolled in this Phase II study trial . Patients with presumed benign or borderline adnexal disease , and benign and early stage malignant uterine disease were prospect ively included . Results Median age was 52 years ( range 19–79 years ) , and median BMI was 23.7 ( range 17.3–34.0 kg/m2 ) . Sixty-two patients ( 32.5 % ) underwent mono/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or cyst removal ( Group A ) , four patients ( 2.7 % )  myomectomy  ( Group B ) , 46 patients ( 31.5 % ) total hysterectomy ( Group C ) , and 34 ( 23.3 % ) endometrial cancer staging ( Group D ) . Median docking time was 7 min ( range 3–36 ) . Median OT was 35 min ( range 17–145 ) in the Group A , 40 min ( range 10–50 ) in the Group B , 133 min ( range 58–320 ) in the Group C , and 160 min ( range 69–290 ) in the Group D. Reduction in OT over the study period for hysterectomy ( p < 0.001 ) and adnexal surgery ( p < 0.002 ) was observed . We registered two laparoscopic conversion ( 3.2 % ) in the Group A and two ( 4.3 % ) in the Group C. In the Group D , we showed one ( 2.9 % ) laparoscopic and two ( 5.8 % ) laparotomic conversions . One patient ( 2.17 % ) in the Group C was readmitted in the early postoperative period for severe vaginal bleeding . Conclusions We report the first series of a novel robotic approach for the treatment of various gynecological conditions . When performed by experienced minimally invasive surgeons , TELELAP ALF-X is feasible and safe . Further studies are m and atory to define the benefits , advantages , and costs of this new robotic approach with respect to others minimally invasive approaches 
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Concerning oncological outcomes , there were no significant differences in biochemical recurrence or the positive surgical margin rate .
The effectiveness of the system could not offset the costs , because there was no significant difference in effectiveness among the different procedures , and the robotic cost of RARP was significantly more than that of the other procedures .
The RARP group had less perioperative bleeding and shorter hospital stays .
Reoperation during the hospital stay and seeking health care for cardiovascular reasons were more frequent after ORP .
The authors concluded that RPN is more favorable than laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN ) in terms of a lower conversion rate to radical nephrectomy , more favorable renal function , a shorter length of hospital stay , and a shorter warm ischemia time .