***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM : The seeds of the Nigella sativa plant have been used to promote health and fight disease for centuries , especially in the Middle East and in Southeast Asia . This plant has been a focus of much research . This clinical study was undertaken to know the adjuvant effect of N. sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome . MATERIAL S AND METHODS : This prospect i ve study was conducted at a tertiary health care center in North India . After confirmation of diagnosis , 60 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study . Written informed consent was taken from all the patients enrolled . Approval from the institutional ethical committee was also obtained . The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each . In group I ( the st and ard group ) , patients were advised tablet atorvastatin 10 mg once a day and tablet metformin 500 mg twice a day for a period of 6 weeks . In group II ( the N. sativa group ) , the patients were advised tablet atorvastatin 10 mg once a day , tablet metformin 500 mg twice a day , and N. sativa oil 2.5 ml twice daily for a period of 6 weeks . Fasting and postpr and ial blood glucose , fasting lipid profile , and waist circumference were recorded before therapy and after completion of therapy . RESULT : The treatment group showed significant ( P < 0.05 ) improvement with reference to total cholesterol , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and fasting blood glucose ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION : N. sativa oil was found to be effective as an add-on therapy in patients of insulin resistance syndrome . N. sativa oil has a significant activity in diabetic and dyslipidemic patients Abstract Objective : To determine the relation between exposure to glycaemia over time and the risk of macrovascular or microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes . Design : Prospect i ve observational study . Setting : 23 hospital based clinics in Engl and , Scotl and , and Northern Irel and . Participants : 4585 white , Asian Indian , and Afro-Caribbean UKPDS patients , whether r and omised or not to treatment , were included in analyses of incidence ; of these , 3642 were included in analyses of relative risk . Outcome measures : Primary predefined aggregate clinical outcomes : any end point or deaths related to diabetes and all cause mortality . Secondary aggregate outcomes : myocardial infa rct ion , stroke , amputation ( including death from peripheral vascular disease ) , and microvascular disease ( predominantly retinal photo-coagulation ) . Single end points : non-fatal heart failure and cataract extraction . Risk reduction associated with a 1 % reduction in up date d mean HbA1c adjusted for possible confounders at diagnosis of diabetes . Results : The incidence of clinical complications was significantly associated with glycaemia . Each 1 % reduction in up date d mean HbA1c was associated with reductions in risk of 21 % for any end point related to diabetes ( 95 % confidence interval 17 % to 24 % , P<0.0001 ) , 21 % for deaths related to diabetes ( 15 % to 27 % , P<0.0001 ) , 14 % for myocardial infa rct ion ( 8 % to 21 % , P<0.0001 ) , and 37 % for microvascular complications ( 33 % to 41 % , P<0.0001 ) . No threshold of risk was observed for any end point . Conclusions : In patients with type 2 diabetes the risk of diabetic complications was strongly associated with previous hyperglycaemia . Any reduction in HbA1c is likely to reduce the risk of complications , with the lowest risk being in those with HbA1c values in the normal range ( < 6.0 % ) UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease affecting millions of people world wide . St and ard treatment is failing to achieve required correction of blood glucose in many patients . Therefore , there is a need for investigating potential hypoglycemic drugs or herbs to improve glycemic control in diabetic patients .  Nigella sativa seeds were used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 added to their anti-diabetic medications . A total of 94 patient were recruited and divided r and omly into three dose groups . Capsules containing Nigella sativa were administered orally in a dose of 1 , 2 and 3 gm/day for three months . The effect of Nigella sativa on the glycemic control was assessed through measurement of fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , blood glucose level 2 hours postpr and ially ( 2 hPG ) , and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) . Serum C-peptide and changes in body weight were also measured . Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated usin the homeostatic model assessment ( HOMA2 ) . Nigella sativa at a dose of 2 gm/day caused significant reductions in FBG , 2hPG , and HbA1 without significant change in body weight . Fasting blood glucose was reduced by an average of 45 , 62 and 56 mg/dl at 4 , 8 and 12 weeks respectively . HbAlC was reduced by 1.52 % at the end of the 12 weeks of treatment ( P<0.0001 ) . Insulin resistance calculated by HOMA2 was reduced significantly ( P<0.01 ) , while B-cell function was increased ( P<0.02 ) at 12 weeks of treatment . The use of Nigella sativa in a dose of 1 gm/day also showed trends in improvement in all the measured parameters but it was not statistically significant from the baseline . However , no further increment in the beneficial response was observed with the 3 gm/day dose . The three doses of Nigella sativa used in the study did not adversely affect either renal functions or hepatic functions of the diabetic patients throughout the study period . IN CONCLUSION the results of this study indicate that a dose of 2 gm/ day of Nigella sativa might be a beneficial adjuvant to oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetic patients 
    Output:
    
Nigella sativa was shown to significantly improve laboratory parameters of hyperglycemia and diabetes control after treatment with a significant fall in fasting blood glucose , blood glucose level 2 h postpr and ial , glycated hemoglobin , and insulin resistance , and a rise in serum insulin .
In conclusion , these findings suggested that Nigella sativa could be used as an adjuvant for oral antidiabetic drugs in diabetes control