***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of mifepristone for ripening the cervix and inducing labor in term pregnancies . STUDY DESIGN In a double-blind placebo-controlled dose-finding study , 346 women received 50 , 100 , 200 , 400 , or 600 mg of mifepristone or placebo . The main endpoint for efficacy was the number of patients in whom labor occurred between 12 and 45 and 54 hours after treatment or who had a Bishop score 6 or greater . Maternal and fetal tolerability was also studied . RESULTS No significant efficacy was observed whatever the dose of mifepristone . Mifepristone was well tolerated by the mother and fetus . CONCLUSION Mifepristone , at doses up to 600 mg , does not induce labor within 54 hours in patients with unfavourable cervical status Objective To compare the effects of 50 mg or 200 mg of oral mifepristone with placebo on cervical ripening and induction of labor in primigravid women at term with unfavorable cervices . Methods This was a double-blind study in which 80 primigravidae at term with a modified Bishop score of 4 or less were r and omly assigned to one of three treatment groups . They were assessed at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours , after which labor was induced if it had not occurred spon-taneously . Results Two hundred milligrams of mifepristone result ed in a favorable cervix ( with a Bishop score greater than 6 or in spontaneous labor ) in significantly more women than placebo ( P = .01 ) . An improvement in cervical ripening was seen in the group given 50 mg of mifepristone , but this was not statistically significant . There were more cesarean deliveries performed for fetal distress in the group treated with 200 mg of mifepristone than placebo , but this was not statistically significant and was not associated with any differences between groups in terms of neonatal outcome . Conclusion Mifepristone , a progesterone antagonist , is known to cause softening and dilation of the human early pregnant cervix and an increase in uterine activity . It is theoretically attractive for use as an adjunct in cervical priming and labor induction . In this study , 200 mg of mifepristone was significantly more likely to result in a favorable cervix than placebo OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare the use of oral mifepristone with intravenous oxytocin for labor induction in women with prelabor rupture of membranes ( PROM ) at 36 weeks ' or greater gestational age . STUDY DESIGN Sixty-five women with spontaneous PROM were r and omly assigned to receive orally administered mifepristone or oxytocin infusion . Two hundred milligrams of mifepristone was administered , and subjects were observed for 18 hours , or intravenous oxytocin was administered . RESULTS Thirty-three women received mifepristone and 32 received oxytocin . The average interval from start of induction to delivery was 1194.1 + /- 568.7 minutes for mifepristone-treated subjects and 770.8 + /- 519.9 minutes for oxytocin-treated subjects ( P = .001 , log-transformed data ) . Of 33 mifepristone-treated subjects and 32 oxytocin-treated subjects , 25 ( 78.1 % ) and 17 ( 51.5 % ) , respectively , achieved successful induction ( defined as vaginal delivery within 24 hours ) ( relative risk [ RR ] 0.66 , 95 % CI 0.45 - 0.96 , P = .01 ) . There was more fetal distress in the mifepristone-treated group ( 9 vs 2 , RR 4.36 , 95 % CI 1.02 - 18.66 , P = .02 ) , and a trend toward more cesarean births ( 7 vs 3 , RR 2.26 , 95 % CI 0.64 - 7.99 , P = .19 ) . Eleven infants of mifepristone-treated women ( 33.3 % ) and 3 infants of oxytocin-treated women ( 9.4 % ) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit ( RR 3.56 , 95 % CI 1.09 - 11.58 , P = .02 ) . CONCLUSION Oral mifepristone administration 18 hours before oxytocin infusion did not improve labor stimulation in women with PROM near term , and was associated with more adverse fetal outcomes Background / Aim : To examine the effect of oral mifepristone on uterine activity in postterm human pregnancies . Methods : As part of a r and omized , placebo-controlled trial comparing 200 mg oral mifepristone to placebo for preinduction cervical ripening in women with well- date d pregnancies beyond 41 weeks ’ gestation with unfavorable cervices , uterine activity was continuously recorded with external tocodynamometry and contraction frequency tabulated . Results : Ninety-seven women received mifepristone and 83 women received placebo .  Uterine activity ( uterine contractions/hour ) was greater in the mifepristone than in the placebo group between 7 h ( 8.03 ± 0.48 vs. 5.90 ± 0.39 , p = 0.001 ) and 24 h ( 8.53 ± 0.68 vs. 6.61 ± 0.46 , p = 0.02 ) after dosing . Conclusion : Oral mifepristone administration to women with pregnancies beyond 41 weeks increases uterine activity in the absence of externally administered uterotonic agents OBJECTIVE : To compare the effects of in vivo mifepristone with placebo on plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) , adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) , and cortisol levels concentrations in term human pregnancies . STUDY DESIGN : In all , 24 women participating in a r and omized controlled trial of mifepristone for preinduction cervical ripening were enrolled in this ancillary study . Participants with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies beyond 41 weeks gestation and undilated , uneffaced cervices were r and omized to either placebo or mifepristone 200 mg orally and observed for 24 hours prior to receiving either intravaginal misoprostol and /or intravenous oxytocin . Blood sample s were obtained before medication administration , 3 and 6 hours later , and then every 6 hours until delivery . Plasma hormone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay . RESULTS : Basal levels of CRH , ACTH , and cortisol were similar in the placebo ( n=13 ) and mifepristone groups ( n=11 ) . Compared to placebo treatment , exposure to mifepristone result ed in significant elevation of plasma cortisol within 18 hours . Plasma CRH and ACTH were unaffected . Progression of labor was associated with significant increases in cortisol in both groups , while CRH and ACTH levels were not altered . Compared to basal levels within each group , plasma cortisol at delivery was significantly elevated within both the mifepristone ( 156.8±17.7 vs 332.6±48.5 ng/ml , p=0.008 ) and the placebo ( 166.6±34.3 vs 342.4±46.4 ng/ml , p=0.003 ) groups . However , plasma CRH , ACTH , and cortisol levels at delivery did not differ between the groups . CONCLUSION : Mifepristone exposure and induced labor were associated with significant increases in plasma cortisol without alterations of systemic CRH or ACTH levels One hundred and twenty term women ( > 37.5 weeks amenorrhea ) with unripe cervixes ( Bishop < 4 ) and with a clear clinical indication for labour induction were r and omized to receive either mifepristone ( RU 486 ) or placebo . The patients ' regimens consisted of 200 mg of mifepristone on days 1 and 2 over an observation period of 4 days , with labour induction planned for day 4 . Within 12 hours after taking the first tablet , fetal distress was diagnosed in 8 patients ( 3 in the Mifepristone group and 5 in the control group ) , who underwent immediate cesarean section .  These 8 patients could not therefore participate in our survey and have been excluded from the final results . Forty one patients had spontaneous onset of labour , 31 in the mifepristone group and 10 in the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . Forty seven patients needed cervical maturation with  prostagl and in , 32 from the control group and 13 from the mifepristone group ( p < 0.001 ) . Thirteen patients in each group had cervical maturation sufficient for classical labour induction . We noted that patients delivering vaginally needed significantly lower amount of oxytocin  in the mefepristone group and that the mean time interval between day 1 and the onset of labour was also significantly shorter in this group . The high cesarean section rate ( 32 % ) , which is equivalent in both the placebo and the treated groups , may be attributed to the fact most of the patients in this survey had high risk pregnancies . There was no difference in the occurrence of fetal distress during labour in the 2 groups . Neonatal parameters were similar in both groups . These results establish mifepristone as an induction agent for the initiation of labour in term women . Though more studies are needed , Mifepristone has shown itself to be safe and appropriate in situations where labor has to be induced in term women Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of mifepristone in women undergoing induction of labour at term after previous caesarean section OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of mifepristone in inducing labor in women with an unripe cervix , its effect on the cervix and on the status of the newborn . METHODS In a prospect i ve double-blind study , 36 post-term pregnant women with a Bishop score of 5 or less received either 400 mg mifepristone ( n=24 ) or placebo ( n=12 ) . If , 48 hours after the treatment was started , labor had not begun or the Bishop score was 5 or less , the women were given 0.5 mg prostagl and in E2 intracervically , a treatment which was repeated 12 hours later , if necessary . RESULTS During the first 48 hours following treatment , 19 ( 79.2 % ) of the women treated with mifepristone and two of the women ( 16.7 % ) treated with placebo went into labor . In addition , one and three women , respectively , had a ripe cervix at the end of the 48h period . The overall success rate was thus 83.3 % for mifepristone and 41.7 % for placebo ( p=0.008 ; OR 14.8 ; 95 % CI 2.1 - 107.6 ) . The median time from the start of treatment to delivery was also shorter ( mifepristone 36h23 ' and placebo 53h17 ' ) . Treatment with intracervical PGE2 was needed more often after the placebo . The duration of labor , however , tended to be shorter after placebo than after mifepristone in the women who delivered vaginally . The frequencies of instrumental delivery were similar in both treatment groups . The median Apgar score was slightly lower at 1 minute ( p<0.05 ) following mifepristone treatment , but did not differ at 5 and 10 minutes . There was no difference between the two treatment groups in the umbilical pH at delivery . CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that mifepristone is a simple and effective treatment for inducing labor in post-term women with an unripe cervix OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of mifepristone administered prior to labor induction , and to study its safety for mother and fetus . METHODS 124 nullipara , 37 - 42 gestational weeks , with indications for labor induction were recruited , and r and omly allocated into 2 groups . Group A ( n = 62 ) was given mifepristone 50 mg q.12.h . for 2 days , followed by PG05 or oxytocin , while group B ( n = 62 ) was were observed for 2 days before labor induction by PG05 or oxytocin .  Blood sample s were obtained for determination of mifepristone concentration and hormone levels including estradiol , progesterone , testosterone , cortisol , aldosterone and human placental prolactin at recruitment and immediately after delivery , and umbilical cord blood was collected at the same time . RESULTS Cervical Bishop score increased significantly in the mifepristone pretreatment group when compared with the control group . 22.58 % of the women underwent spontaneous delivery after mifepristone treatment and 4.84 % of the controls followed suit ( P < 0.01 ) . The  oxytocin dose required was significantly less in group A , but the success rate was higher ( P < 0.05 ) . Side-effects associated with mifepristone was mild . Maternal serum mifepristone peak levels ranged from 200 to 700 micrograms/L , with t1/2 of 21.7 hr . The concentration of mifepristone in umbilical blood was low and 
    Output:
    
There is little information on effects on the baby