***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether baseline or procedural stress during  in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) or gamete intrafallopian transfer ( GIFT )  affects pregnancy or live birth delivery rates . DESIGN Prospect i ve study . SETTING Seven clinics in Southern California between 1993 and 1998 . PATIENT(S ) One hundred and fifty-one women completed two question naires . INTERVENTION(S ) None . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) The number of oocytes aspirated and fertilized , the number of embryos transferred , the achievement of a pregnancy , live birth delivery , and infant outcomes . RESULT ( S ) Positive-affect negative-affect score at baseline negatively influenced the number of oocytes retrieved and embryos transferred . A higher expectation of pregnancy was associated with greater numbers of oocytes fertilized and embryos transferred . At baseline , the risk of no live birth was 93 % lower for women who had the highest positive-affect score compared to those with the lowest score . Furthermore , the score on the Infertility Reaction Scale was related to negative outcomes in live birth delivery , infant birth weight , and multiple births . During the time of the procedure , the PANAS and Bipolar Profile of Moods States results were related to the number of oocytes fertilized and embryos transferred ; stress did not affect pregnancy or delivery . CONCLUSION ( S ) Baseline ( acute and chronic ) stress affected biologic end points ( i.e. , number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized ) , as well as pregnancy , live birth delivery , birth weight , and multiple gestations , whereas ( procedural ) stress only influenced biologic end points Generally , undergoing an  in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) treatment is an emotional and physical burden for the infertile woman , which may negatively influence the treatment outcome . We conducted a study to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention ( MBI ) among women subjected to first IVF treatment at a fertility medical center in China . Among infertile women registered for their first IVF treatment , 58 completed the intervention , and 50 were assigned to a control group  using a non-r and omized controlled study . St and ardized measures of mindfulness , self-compassion , emotion regulation difficulties , infertility-related coping strategies and fertility quality of life ( FertiQoL ) were endorsed pre- and post-MBI , and measure of pregnancy rates at the sixth months after the intervention . Both groups were shown to be equivalent at baseline . By the end of the intervention , women who attended the intervention revealed a significant increase in mindfulness , self-compassion , meaning-based coping strategies and all FertiQoL domains . Inversely , they presented a significant decrease in emotion regulation difficulties , active- and passive-avoidance coping strategies . Women in the control group did not present significant changes in any of the psychological measures . Moreover , there were statistically significant differences between participants in the pregnancy rates , the experiment group higher than the control group . Being fully aware of the present moment without the lens of judgment , seems to help women relate to their infertility and IVF treatment in new ways . This is beneficial for promoting their self-compassion , adaptive emotion regulation and infertility-related coping strategies , which , in turn , may influence the FertiQoL and pregnancy rates . The brief and nonpharmaceutical nature of this intervention makes it a promising c and i date for women ' use during first IVF treatment OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of two different group psychological interventions on viable pregnancy rates in women experiencing infertility of less than 2 years ' duration . DESIGN Prospect i ve , controlled , single-blind , r and omized study . SETTING Large tertiary-care teaching hospital . PATIENT(S ) One hundred eighty-four women who had been trying to get pregnant for 1 to 2 years . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants were r and omized into a 10-session cognitive-behavioral group , a st and ard support group , or a routine care control group . They were followed for 1 year . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Viable pregnancy . RESULT ( S ) Sixty-four [ corrected ] women discontinued participation in the study within the first year . There were a total of 47 in the cognitive-behavioral group , 48 in the support group , and 25 in the control group . There were statistically significant differences between participants in the two intervention groups versus the control group . CONCLUSION ( S ) Group psychological interventions appear to lead to increased pregnancy rates in infertile women OBJECTIVE To determine if women who were r and omized to a mind/body program before starting their first IVF cycle would have higher pregnancy rates than control subjects . DESIGN R and omized , controlled , prospect i ve study . SETTING Private academically affiliated infertility center . PATIENT(S ) A total of 143 women aged≤40 years who were about to begin their first IVF cycle . INTERVENTION(S ) Subjects were r and omized to a ten-session mind/body program ( MB ) or a control group  and followed for two IVF cycles . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Clinical pregnancy rate . RESULT ( S ) Only 9 % of the MB participants had attended at least one-half of their sessions at cycle 1 start . Pregnancy rates for cycle 1 were 43 % for all subjects ; 76 % of the MB subjects had attended at least one-half of their sessions at cycle 2 start . Pregnancy rates for cycle 2 were 52 % for MB and 20 % for control . CONCLUSION ( S ) MB participation was associated with increased pregnancy rates for cycle 2 , prior to which most subjects had attended at least half of their sessions Twenty couples with a history of secondary infertility and no detectable organic etiology were r and omly assigned to one of two groups . One group was seen by a psychotherapist for an interview , the object of which was to detect and discuss previously unrecognized psychosexual problems or psychologic conflicts . The second group was not seen by the psychotherapist . Interviews included the presence of both members of the couple and the infertility specialist . The psychiatric interview did uncover psychologic conflicts , the most prevalent of which was a problem between the woman and her mother in which psychologic boundaries between the two women were confused . Sexual problems , marital discord , and fear of pregnancy were other issues warranting clarification and attention . After 18 months of follow-up , six of the ten women in couples interviewed had become pregnant , and one woman of nine in the control group had become pregnant OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the Eastern Body-Mind-Spirit ( EBMS ) group intervention on anxiety-reduction of Chinese women undergoing IVF . DESIGN R and omized controlled study . SETTING Tertiary assisted reproduction unit . PARTICIPANT(S ) Two hundred twenty-seven women undergoing their first cycle of IVF treatment . INTERVENTION(S ) The intervention group ( n = 69 ) received four sessions of EBMS group counseling , while the control group ( n = 115 ) did not receive any intervention . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory . RESULT ( S ) Compared with the control group , the intervention group had a significant drop in State Anxiety mean score following intervention . A comparable number of embryos were transferred for each group , but there was a nonsignificant trend of a higher pregnancy rate in the intervention group . CONCLUSION ( S ) The Eastern Body-Mind-Spirit group intervention approach effectively reduces the anxiety level of women undergoing IVF treatment OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of depression levels and coping on IVF outcome in women , taking into account the cause of infertility . DESIGN Prospect i ve clinical study . SETTING A university hospital . PATIENT(S ) Ninety-eight women undergoing IVF treatment .  INTERVENTION(S ) Psychometric tests were administered at the first visit ( day 3 ) of the investigated treatment cycle . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Achievement of pregnancy . RESULTS The nonpregnant group reported increased expression of negative emotions . In the subgroup with a female indication for IVF , increased depressive symptomatology ( correlated with increased expression of negative emotions ) was associated with lower pregnancy rates ( PRs ) , whereas in the subgroup with a male indication for IVF , increased depressive symptomatology ( correlated with decreased expression of negative emotions ) was associated with higher PRs . CONCLUSION ( S ) Expression of negative emotions predicts depression levels and outcome in IVF . The cause of infertility should be taken into account when investigating the relation between psychologic functioning and outcome in IVF OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the vulnerability to stress and the treatment outcome of couples undergoing IVF-ET .  DESIGN Controlled , prospect i ve clinical study . SETTING The Assisted Reproduction Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Modena . PATIENT(S ) Forty-nine infertile women consecutively admitted to st and ard superovulation treatment . Mean age was 33.9 years , duration of infertility was 6.3 years . Reasons for assisted reproduction were mechanical factor in 22 cases , sperm problem in 9 cases , and endocrine disorder in 6 cases . In 12 cases , infertility was unexplained . More than 55 % already had an IVF-ET attempt . INTERVENTION(S ) The day of oocyte pick-up , subjects were su bmi tted to Stroop Color and Word test , a task measuring the ability to cope with a cognitive stressor , involving attentional and sympathoadrenal systems .  Systolic ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure , as well as heart rate ( HR ) were measured at baseline , during the test , and 10 minutes after the end of testing . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) The evidence of a biochemical pregnancy ( beta-hCG value 12 days after ET ) define the success and failure groups . RESULT ( S ) Sixteen women ( 33 % ) had a  biochemical pregnancy  , 12 also had ultrasound evidence . Eight gave birth to healthy infants . Age , education , causes , and duration of infertility were similar in the success and failure groups . The latter were more involved in a job outside home than the former . Moreover , they had a lower number of both fertilized oocytes and transferred embryos . In response to the Stroop test , every subject reported an increase of cardiovascular parameters . However , women becoming pregnant showed a lower response of both SBP and HR than women who failed . CONCLUSION ( S ) Both a major cardiovascular vulnerability to stress and working outside home are associated to a poor outcome of IVF-ET treatment This is a prospect i ve study to assess the psychiatric morbidity in Chinese infertile women who underwent treatments with assisted reproductive technology  and also the impact of treatment failure . The  30-item General Health Question naire ( GHQ ) and the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI )  were employed before and 3 weeks after the assisted reproductive technology treatment .  Data from 372 patients who completed the question naires and failed the treatment were analyzed . Before treatment , 33 % of the participants scored above the GHQ cutoff , and 8 % had a BDI score of 20 or above , signifying moderate to severe depression . Following failed treatment , 43 % scored above GHQ cutoff , and 8 % had BDI scores 20 or above . The posttreatment GHQ and BDI scores were significantly higher than the corresponding scores at baseline ( p < 0.001 ) . About 13 % of the participants reported self-harm ideas . The severity of depression following a failed treatment was positively associated with the duration of infertility ( p < 0.05 ) , but not with the posttreatment BDI scores , age , education , and number of previous treatment episodes . Our results show that one third of the women who sought infertility treatment had an impaired psychological well-being . Following failed treatment , there was a further deterioration in mental health , and about 10 % of the participants were moderately to severely depressed . Proper psychological care and counseling should be an integral part of infertility management among the Chinese population BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate a psychosocial counselling intervention for first-time IVF couples . In this article the results on women 's distress are presented . METHODS Two hundred sixty-five couples admitted to an IVF treatment programme at the Erasmus MC were asked to participate in this study . Eighty-four couples agreed and were r and omized according to a computer-generated r and om-numbers table into either a routine-care control group or an intervention group . The intervention consisted of three sessions with a social worker trained in Experiential Psychosocial Therapy : one before , one during and one after the first IVF cycle .  Distress was measured daily during treatment by the Daily Record Keeping Chart . Depression and anxiety were measured before and after treatment by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . RESULTS No significant group differences were found . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support the implementation of our counselling intervention for all first-time IVF couples . The low response rate suggests that there is little perceived need for psychosocial counselling among couples during a first IVF treatment cycle We investigated the effects of psychiatric group intervention on the emotions , natural-killer ( NK ) cell activity and pregnancy rate in Japanese infertile women by a r and omized study . Thirty-seven women completed a 5-session intervention program  and were compared with 37 controls .  Psychological discomfort and NK-cell activity ( 47.7 % to 34.1 % , P<.0001 ) significantly decreased after the intervention , whereas no significant changes were observed in controls . According to a 1-year follow-up of both groups , the pregnancy rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of controls ( 37.8 % vs. 13.5 % , P=.0 
    Output:
    
Conclusion : Counseling was found to improve patients ’ chances of becoming pregnant .
So counseling represents an attractive treatment option , in particular , for infertile patients who are not receiving medical treatments