***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Approximately 80 percent of pregnant women suffer by some degree of nausea and vomiting . But the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is rarely successful . Objectives The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of mint on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that its treatment in some recent research has been effective . Material s and Methods In this double blind RCT , 60 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were sample d and divided into two groups with Block-r and omized method . mint group , in addition to giving the routine training , for four consecutive nights , before sleeping , a bowel of water whit four drops of pure mint essential oil placed on the floor near their beds and in control groups were used four drops of normal saline . The severity of nausea by using Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) and severity of vomiting by counting the number of its in 7 days prior , 4 days during , and 7 days after intervention were assessed . Results The results showed that the severity of nausea and vomiting did not differ between the two groups in 7days before and after intervention by using repeated measurement test . But during intervention , the severity of nausea showed a decreasing trend ( especially in 4th night ) in the mint and an increasing trend in the control group . The severity of nausea within 7 days after the intervention had a decreasing trend in both groups ; however , the intensity was lower in the mint than saline group but not statically significant . No meaningful relationship has been detected during and after intervention for the intensity of vomiting . Conclusions The results of study showed that peppermint essential oil has n't the effect on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Diclectin ( doxylamine succinate 10 mg-pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 mg , delayed-release preparation ) as compared with placebo for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy . STUDY DESIGN A r and omized , double-blind , multicenter placebo controlled trial study ing pregnant women suffering from nausea and vomiting of pregnancy , analyzed by intention to treat . Women received Diclectin  ( n = 131 ) or placebo ( n = 125 ) for 14 days . Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy symptoms were evaluated daily using the pregnancy unique quantification of emesis scale . RESULTS Diclectin use result ed in a significantly larger improvement in symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy compared with placebo based on both the pregnancy unique quantification of emesis score ( -4.8 ± 2.7 vs -3.9 ± 2.6 ; P = .006 ) and quality of life . After the trial , 64 ( 48.9 % ) women receiving Diclectin asked to continue compassionate use of their medication , as compared with 41 ( 32.8 % ) of placebo-treated women ( P = .009 ) . CONCLUSION Diclectin delayed release formulation of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride is effective and well tolerated in treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy This study assesses the effects of ginger on  nausea and vomiting caused by pregnancy and compares it with metoclopramide medicine . This study was a r and omized double-blind controlled trial . Metoclopramide , Ginger and placebo were putted in similar capsules . The medicines were administered three times a day . Then the Rhodes question naire was completed and its score were calculated . Data were analyzed by Chi square test , ANOVA and Repeated measurement . The intensity of changes in nausea , vomiting and Rhodes during study were statistically different in two groups of ginger and metoclopramide compared with placebo ( p < 0.05 ) , but it was not statistically significant between two groups of ginger and metoclopramide . According to our study , ginger is less effective than metoclopramide in reducing nausea and vomiting but it could be a good alternative for metoclopramide OBJECTIVE : To evaluate whether ondansetron or the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine was superior for the treatment of  nausea and vomiting of pregnancy . METHODS : This was a double-blind , r and omized , controlled trial in which women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were assigned to 4 mg of ondansetron plus a placebo tablet or 25 mg pyridoxine plus 12.5 mg of doxylamine for 5 days . The primary outcome was an improvement in nausea as reported on a 100-mm visual analog scale ( VAS ) . Secondary outcomes were a reduction in vomiting on the VAS and the proportion of patients reporting sedation or constipation while using either study regimen . RESULTS : Thirty-six women ( 18 in each group ) were r and omized to either ondansetron or pyridoxine and doxylamine , of whom 13 ( 72 % ) and 17 ( 94 % ) completed follow-up , respectively . There were no differences among the groups with regard to demographic characteristics or baseline nausea . Patients r and omized to ondansetron were more likely to have an improvement in their baseline nausea as compared with those using pyridoxine and doxylamine over the course of 5 days of treatment ( median VAS score decreased 51 mm [ interquartile range 37–64 ] compared with 20 mm [ 8–51 ] ; P=.019 ) . Furthermore , women using ondansetron reported less vomiting ( median VAS decreased 41 [ interquartile range 17–57 ] compared with 17 [ −4 to 38 ] ; P=.049 ) . There was no significant difference between the groups regarding sedation or constipation . CONCLUSION : Our investigation showed ondansetron to be superior to the combination of pyridoxine and doxylamine in the treatment of nausea and emesis in pregnancy . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION : Clinical Trials.gov , www . clinical trials.gov , NCT01668069 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE : Background : Nausea and vomiting are common and unpleasant complications in pregnancy . Although many alternative therapists support the use of ginger for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy , there is currently insufficient clinical evidence to support its use in this condition Objectives : The present study was performed to assess the effectiveness of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy . Patients and Methods : This seven-day clinical trial was performed on 120 eligible pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting before 16 weeks gestation . They were divided into ; ginger , placebo and control groups , by block r and omization . Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for three days , and then participants received either ginger capsules , or a placebo for four days . No intervention was done with the control group . Data measure was self-recorded symptoms according to the Rhodes Index . Data were analyzed by ANOVA , ANCOVA , Kruskal-Wallis , Chi-square , and Fisher ’s exact test , for the quantitative and qualitative variables . Results : There were no statistical differences in the baseline demographics between the three groups apart from age of marriage and wanted or unwanted pregnancy . An ANCOVA test ( covariance test ) showed significant differences in mean scores after the intervention in the three groups ( P < 0.001 ) . Conclusions : Ginger was effective for the relief of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at less than 16 weeks gestation OBJECTIVES Recent studies have concluded that acupuncture is safe in the h and s of a qualified practitioner . This study assessed the risk of adverse effects of acupuncture administered during pregnancy . METHODS 593 women with nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy volunteered to participate in a r and omised controlled trial , conducted at the Women 's and Children 's Hospital , in South Australia . Patients were given either traditional acupuncture , formula acupuncture , sham acupuncture or no acupuncture . OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected on perinatal outcome , congenital abnormalities , pregnancy complications and the newborn . RESULTS No differences were found between study groups in the incidence of perinatal outcome , congenital abnormalities , pregnancy complications and other infant outcomes . CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that no serious adverse effects arise from acupuncture administered in early pregnancy OBJECTIVE : This study compares pyridoxine – metoclopramide combination therapy to prochlorperazine and promethazine monotherapies in the outpatient treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy . STUDY DESIGN : In total , 174 first trimester , singleton pregnancies were evaluated for nausea and vomiting . Patients were prospect ively r and omized into three treatment groups : pyridoxine – metoclopramide , prochlorperazine , or promethazine . Prior to , and on the third day , patients recorded their subjective responses to the given treatment and their number of emesis episodes . The three treatment groups were compared for therapy response . RESULTS : There were no differences in the number of emesis episodes prior to treatment . Both subjective and objective responses to treatment differed among the three groups when comparing the combination therapy to the monotherapies ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION : Combination therapy with pyridoxine and metoclopramide appears to be superior to either monotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy Background : Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are amongst the most common complaints that effects on both the physical and mental conditions of the pregnant women . Due to the increasing tendency of women to use herbal medications during pregnancy , the effect of lemon inhalation aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy was investigated in this study . Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lemon inhalation aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy . Material s and Methods : This was a r and omized clinical trial in which 100 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting who had eligibility criteria were r and omly divided into intervention and control groups based on four- and six-r and om block sampling method . Lemon essential oil and placebo were given to the intervention and control groups , respectively , to inhale it as soon as they felt nausea . The nausea , vomiting , and retch intensity were investigated 24 hours before and during the four days of treatment by means of PUQE-24 ( 24-hour Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis ) . Results : There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of nausea and vomiting on the second and fourth days ( P = 0.017 and P = 0.039 , respectively ) . The means of nausea and vomiting intensity in the second and fourth days in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group . In addition , in intragroup comparison with ANOVA with repeated measures , the nausea and vomiting mean in the five intervals , showed a statistically significant difference in each group ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.049 , respectively ) . Conclusions : Lemon scent can be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy OBJECTIVE The only vali date d nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ( NVP ) severity index is the Motherisk Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea ( PUQE ) index that covers symptoms in the previous 12 hours . We sought to assess the validity of a modified-PUQE index that covers the entire first trimester of pregnancy by comparing NVP severity scores between the 12-hour PUQE index and our modified-PUQE index and by measuring the extent of the association between the modified-PUQE score and quality -of-life ( QOL ) score during the first trimester of pregnancy . STUDY DESIGN A prospect i ve study that included women who attended the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine or René-Laennec clinic for their prenatal visits was conducted from 2004 - 2006 . Women were eligible if they were > or = 18 years old and < or = 16 weeks of gestation at the time of their first prenatal visit . Women who reported NVP were asked to fill out the 12-hour PUQE , the modified PUQE index , and the Short-Form Health Survey QOL index simultaneously . Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine concordance between the 2 scores . Linear regression models were built to measure the association between the modified-PUQE score and Short-Form Health Survey QOL scores . RESULTS Among participants ( n = 287 ) , the mean NVP severity score was 5.7 vs 6.7 on the 12-hour PUQE and modified PUQE , respectively ( P < .05 ) . There was substantial concordance between the indices ( intraclass correlation coefficient , 0.71 ) . Severity of NVP that was measured by the new modified index was associated with QOL . CONCLUSION We are confident that , on the basis of the modified-PUQE , the relationship between QOL and severity of NVP justify the use of this new index With 80 % of pregnant women suffering from some degree of " morning sickness , " or nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ( NVP ) , symptom management is a major challenge . A recent Cochrane systematic review of r and omized controlled trials concluded that , to date , there is no strong evidence of effectiveness for practically any therapeutic agent used for management of NVP . Because of fears of teratogenicity and litigation , RCTs are rarely conducted in pregnancy . In the absence of the best possible evidence from RCTs , well planned and executed prospect i ve observational studies should be used as the best available evidence to guide clinical practice Objective To compare the effectiveness of acupressure and vitamin B6 in the outpatient treatment of nause 
    Output:
    
Evidence regarding the effectiveness of P6 acupressure , auricular ( ear ) acupressure and acustimulation of the P6 point was limited .
Acupuncture ( P6 or traditional ) showed no significant benefit to women in pregnancy .
There was only limited evidence from trials to support the use of pharmacological agents including vitamin B6 , Doxylamine-pyridoxoine and other anti-emetic drugs to relieve mild or moderate nausea and vomiting .
This is not the same as saying that the interventions studied are ineffective , but that there is insufficient strong evidence for any one intervention .