***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: B. L. Fredrickson 's ( 1998 , 2001 ) broaden- and -build theory of positive emotions asserts that people 's daily experiences of positive emotions compound over time to build a variety of consequential personal re sources . The authors tested this build hypothesis in a field experiment with working adults ( n = 139 ) , half of whom were r and omly-assigned to begin a practice of loving-kindness meditation .  Results showed that this meditation practice produced increases over time in daily experiences of positive emotions , which , in turn , produced increases in a wide range of personal re sources ( e.g. , increased mindfulness , purpose in life , social support , decreased illness symptoms ) . In turn , these increments in personal re sources predicted increased life satisfaction and reduced depressive symptoms . Discussion centers on how positive emotions are the mechanism of change for the type of mind-training practice studied here and how loving-kindness meditation is an intervention strategy that produces positive emotions in a way that outpaces the hedonic treadmill effect Positive psychology has flourished in the last 5 years . The authors review recent developments in the field , including books , meetings , courses , and conferences . They also discuss the newly created classification of character strengths and virtues , a positive complement to the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( e. g. , American Psychiatric Association , 1994 ) , and present some cross-cultural findings that suggest a surprising ubiquity of strengths and virtues . Finally , the authors focus on psychological interventions that increase individual happiness . In a 6-group , r and om-assignment ,  placebo-controlled Internet study , the authors tested 5 purported happiness interventions and 1 plausible control exercise . They found that 3 of the interventions lastingly increased happiness and decreased depressive symptoms . Positive interventions can supplement traditional interventions that relieve suffering and may someday be the practical legacy of positive psychology It is now clear that positive emotion leads to enhanced psychological functioning . What is less clear , however , is just why this is so . Drawing on a social-functional perspective , we argue that positive emotional behavior that accurately signals to others the individual 's internal state will enhance social connectedness . Positive emotional behavior that does not accurately signal a person 's experience -- such as a smile that is not felt -- may impede social connectedness and , in turn , psychological functioning . This perspective suggests that ( a ) the degree to which experience and behavior are dissociated during positive emotional episodes , over and above level of positive behavior , should predict worse psychological functioning and ( b ) the effect of dissociation should be mediated by social connectedness . To test these hypotheses , we conducted a short-term prospect i ve longitudinal study , with a baseline assessment of depressive symptoms and well-being at Time 1 . Six months later , at Time 2 , we used a novel within-individual laboratory paradigm to measure the degree to which positive emotional behavior was dissociated from ( vs. coherent with ) a participant 's positive emotional experience . We also assessed level of positive behavior and experience . Then , another 6 months later , we assessed social connectedness as a mediator and depressive symptoms and well-being as outcomes at Time 3 . Even when controlling for baseline functioning and for level of positive emotion behavior and experience , we found that greater positive experience-behavior dissociation at Time 2 predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of well-being at Time 3 . As predicted , these associations were mediated by social connectedness BACKGROUND To investigate prospect ively over one year , the extent to which greater exposure to negative life events , greater use of more negative coping strategies , and less use of positive coping strategies and an optimistic thinking style , predicts the onset of depressive symptoms among adolescents . METHODS A prospect i ve longitudinal study of 5,634 adolescents ( Mean Age=13.1 , SD=0.5 ) enrolled in Year 8 at secondary school .  St and ard question naires were used to assess depressive symptoms and the predictor variables . RESULTS Over a one-year period , there was an independent and statistically significant relationship between transition to a CES-D score above the recommended cut-off score and i ) greater exposure to negative life events and use of negative coping strategies , and ii ) less use of positive coping strategies and an optimistic thinking style . Among males who experienced a higher number of negative life events , the impact on depressive symptoms was greater among those who made more use of negative coping strategies . LIMITATIONS Self-report question naires completed by adolescents were employed to evaluate all the variables in the study . Only two assessment points were available . Ten percent of adolescents did not complete the follow-up assessment . CONCLUSIONS Particularly among females , early adolescence is marked by increased susceptibility to depressive symptoms . Helping young adolescents to adopt more positive coping strategies and optimistic thinking styles may reduce their risk for the onset of depressive symptoms . This may be particularly important for young males who experience high levels of adverse life events and utilise negative coping strategies Background : Interpersonal functioning may be one important factor in the development and course of depression symptomatology . This study used ecological momentary assessment to test the associations among depressive symptoms , social experiences and momentary affect in women . Methods : Middle‐aged women ( N=108 , M age : 41.6 years , 81 % White ) completed diary questions on h and held computers for 2 days . Diary items assessed social ( conflictive versus supportive ) and affective ( negative versus positive ) experiences at r and om times during the day . Women also completed a self‐report measure of recent depressive symptoms . Results : Multilevel modeling analyses showed that higher levels of symptoms of depression were related to higher negative affect and lower positive affect both directly and indirectly , through experiences of social conflict . Depressive symptoms were not significantly related to socially supportive interactions . In an alternative model testing the reverse association , neither positive nor negative affect significantly predicted social experiences . Generalizability is limited by the homogenous small sample and strict inclusion ary criteria ( working full‐time or part‐time , cohabitating or married , healthy ) . Due to the cross sectional nature of the data as well as the manner in which social and affective experiences were assessed , definitive conclusions regarding the temporal associations among depression symptoms , social functioning , and affect are not possible . Results are consistent with prior reports suggesting the salience of socially conflictive experiences , and the role of affect , in the etiology and maintenance of depression symptoms . Conclusions : Interventions that attempt to decrease socially conflictive experiences  via cognitive‐behavioral skills training , whereas concomitantly targeting positive and negative affect , could help prevent the development of full‐blown depressive episodes in vulnerable individuals . Depression and Anxiety , 2009 . © 2009 Wiley‐Liss , 
    Output:
    
The studies have important relations between humor and positive emotion as well as a significant improvement in signs and symptoms of depression using differents strategies of positive psychology .
Another relevant aspect is the preventative character of the proposed interventions by positive psychology by the fact that increase well-being and produce elements such as resilience and coping re sources that reduce the recurrent relapses in the treatment of depression .
The strategies of positive psychology , such as increasing positive emotions , develop personal strengths : seeking direction , meaning and engagement for the day-to-day life of the patients , appear as potentially tools for the prophylaxis and treatment of depression , helping to reduce signs and symptoms as well as for prevention of relapses