***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES This study compared the implant stability and clinical outcomes obtained with two types of non-submerged dental implants that have different thread design s and surface treatments . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omized clinical trial with 1 year of follow-up was performed on 56 participants with 75 implants ( control group , 36 implants in 28 subjects ; experimental group , 39 implants in 28 subjects ) . The experimental group received the Osstem SSII Implant system ; the control group received the St and ard Straumann Dental Implant System . The diameter and length of the fixture were uniform at 4.1 mm and 10 mm and all the implants restored the unilateral loss of one or two molars from the m and ible . To compare implant stability , the peak insertion torque , implant stability quotient ( ISQ ) , and periotest value ( PTV ) were evaluated during surgery , and at 4 and 10 weeks after surgery . To compare marginal bone loss , st and ard periapical radiographs were obtained during surgery , and at 10 weeks and 1 year after surgery . RESULTS This study showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in peak insertion torque ( P=0.009 ) and ISQ ( P=0.003 ) but not in PTV ( P=0.097 ) at surgery . In contrast , there was no statistically significant difference in the pattern of change of ISQ during the 10 weeks after surgery ( P=0.339 ) . For marginal bone loss , no significant difference was observed between the control and the experimental groups before functional loading ( P=0.624 ) , but after 1 year of follow-up , a borderline difference was observed ( P=0.048 ) . CONCLUSION The success rate after 1 year of follow-up was 100 % for both implant system despite the presence of a significant difference in implant stability during surgery . There was a borderline difference in marginal bone loss after 1 year of follow-up PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the coronal bone level and patient satisfaction in 1-implant and 2-implant assisted m and ibular overdentures . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty patients who had maladaptive m and ibular dentures were treated in this study . Patients were r and omly divided into two groups . The first group received 1 implant ( Simple line II , Implantium , South Korea ) in their m and ibular midline and the second group received 2 implants in their B and D regions ( according to Misch 's category ) . If the primary stability of each implant was at least 60 ISQ , ball attachment was placed and denture relined with soft liner . After 6 weeks , retentive cap incorporated with hard acrylic resin . In the 6 and 12 months recalls , periapical digital radiograph were made and visual analogue scale question naires were used to record patient satisfaction . The Friedman test was done for comparing the presurgical and postsurgical parameters in each group and the U-Mann Whitney test ( P<.05 ) was done for comparison of post-treatment results between the two groups . RESULTS All implants achieved sufficient primary stability to be immediately loaded . Patient satisfaction was high , and there were no significant differences between two groups ( P>.05 ) . In addition , mean marginal bone loss was 0.6 ± 0.67 mm in the first group and 0.6 ± 0.51 mm in the second group , after 12 month . Mean marginal bone loss showed no significant differences between two groups . CONCLUSION This preliminary one-year result indicated that m and ibular overdentures anchored to a single implant can be a safe and cost-effective method as a starting step for implant-overdenture treatment PURPOSE To compare epithelial connective tissue graft vs porcine collagen matrix for sealing post extraction sockets grafted with deproteinised bovine bone . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 30 patients , who needed a maxillary tooth to be extracted between their premolars and required a delayed , fixed , single implant-supported restoration , had their teeth atraumatically extracted and their sockets grafted with deproteinised bovine bone . Patients were r and omised according to a parallel group design into two arms : socket sealing with epithelial connective tissue graft ( group A ) vs porcine collagen matrix ( group B ) . Outcome measures were : implant success and survival rate , complications , horizontal and vertical alveolar bone dimensional changes measured on Cone Beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) scans at three levels localised 1 , 3 , and 5 mm below the most coronal aspect of the bone crest ( levels A , B , and C ) ; and between the palatal and buccal wall peaks ( level D ) ; and peri-implant marginal bone level changes measured on periapical radiographs . RESULTS 15 patients were r and omised to group A and 15 to group B. No patients dropped out . No failed implants or complications were reported 1 year after implant placement . Five months after tooth extraction there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups for both horizontal and vertical alveolar bone dimensional changes . At level A the difference was 0.13 ± 0.18 ; 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.26 mm ( P = 0.34 ) , at level B it was 0.08 ± 0.23 ; 95 % CI -0.14 to 0.14 ( P = 0.61 ) , at level C it was 0.05 ± 0.25 ; 95 % CI -0.01 to 0.31 mm ( P = 0.55 ) and at level D it was 0.13 ± 0.27 ; 95 % CI -0.02 to 0.32 mm ( P = 0.67 ) . One year after implant placement there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups for peri-implant marginal bone level changes ( difference : 0.07 ± 0.11 mm ; 95 % CI -0.02 to 0.16 ; P = 0.41 ) . CONCLUSIONS When teeth extraction s were performed atraumatically and sockets were filled with deproteinised bovine bone , sealing the socket with a porcine collagen matrix or a epithelial connective tissue graft showed similar outcomes . The use of porcine collagen matrix allowed simplification of treatment because no palatal donor site was involved Our objective was to compare survival and peri-implant bone levels of immediately nonocclusally vs early loaded implants in partially edentulous patients up to 12 months after implant placement . Eighty patients ( inclusion criteria : general good health , good oral hygiene , 30 - 65 years old ; exclusion criteria : head and neck irradiation/cancer , pregnancy , uncontrolled diabetes , substance abuse , bruxism , lack of opposing occluding dentition , smokers > 10 cigarettes/day , need for bone augmentation procedures ) were selected in 5 Italian study centers and r and omized into 2 groups : 40 patients in the immediately loaded group ( minimal insertion torque 30 Ncm ) and 40 patients in the early loaded group . Immediately loaded implants were provided with nonoccluding temporary restorations . Final restorations were provided 2 months later . Early loaded implants were provided with a definitive restoration after 2 months . Peri-implant bone resorption was evaluated radiographically with software ( ImageJ 1.42 ) . No dropout occurred . Both groups gradually lost peri-implant bone . After 12 months , patients of both groups lost an average of 0.4 mm of peri-implant bone . There were no statistically significant differences ( evaluated with t test ) between the 2 loading strategies for peri-implant bone level changes at 2 ( P = .6730 ) , 6 ( P = .6613 ) and 12 ( P = .5957 ) months or for survival rates ( 100 % in both groups ) . If adequate primary stability is achieved , immediate loading of dental implants can provide similar success rates , survival rates , and peri-implant bone resorption as compared with early loading , as evaluated in the present study PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and stability following immediate loading of two types of  tapered implants in the partially edentulous posterior maxilla and m and ible . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A r and omized controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up was performed on participants missing two consecutive teeth in a posterior quadrant with tapered implants with a hybrid textured surface . Group 1 received Osstem TSIII HA implants , and group 2 received Zimmer TSV implants . Group 1 implants were 4.5 or 5.0 mm in diameter , and group 2 implants were 4.7 mm in diameter ; all implants were 10 mm long . Subjects received provisional restorations within 48 hours . Definitive restorations were provided 3 months ( m and ible ) or 6 months ( maxilla ) later . Outcome measures were survival and success rates , marginal bone level change , implant stability quotient , and peri-implant soft tissue indices . RESULTS Fifty participants completed the trial ( group 1 : 52 implants in 26 patients ; group 2 : 48 implants in 24 patients ) . The success rates were similar--98.1 % in group 1 and 97.9 % in group 2 - -at 12 months after immediate loading , but marginal bone loss was significantly different according to the implant design . Implant stability increased significantly in both arches . There were no significant differences in soft tissue indices between implant systems . CONCLUSION If high primary stability is acquired , tapered implants with hybrid textured surfaces are predictable for immediate loading in the posterior maxilla and m and ible . In spite of the influence of implant design on marginal bone loss , all tapered implants showed successful clinical outcomes and stability in immediate loading PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of 2 versus 4 implants placed flapless in fully edentulous m and ibles and immediately restored with metal-resin screw-retained cross-arch prostheses . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty patients from two different centres were r and omised : 30 to the allon- 2 group and 30 to the all-on-4 group according to a parallel group design . To be immediately loaded , implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque of 40 Ncm . Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures , complications , and marginal bone level changes . RESULTS Flaps were raised in 18 patients . A total of 2 implants in 2 patients did not reach the planned insertion torque and were immediately replaced by larger diameter ones . One year after loading , no drop-out or implant failure occurred . Eight biomechanical complications occurred in the all-on-2 group versus 8 complications in the all-on-4 group . There were no statistically significant differences for complications between groups . There were no statistically significant differences for marginal peri-implant bone levels between the two groups ( estimate of the difference = -0.16 ; 95%CI -0.40 to 0.08 ; P ( ANCOVA ) = 0.074 ) , with both groups losing a statistically significant amount of marginal bone ( 0.74 mm for all-on-2 implants and 0.58 mm for all-on-4 implants ) . There were statistically significant differences between the two centres , with more bone being lost for the Bologna centre ( 0.26 mm versus 1.07 mm ) . CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results , up to 1 year after loading , suggest that immediately loaded m and ibular cross-arch fixed prostheses can be supported by only 2 dental implants . Longer followups ( approximately 10 years ) are needed to properly evaluate this therapeutic option PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term marginal bone levels for two unsplinted implants supporting m and ibular overdentures using conventional and early loading protocol s with different implant surfaces and attachment systems . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A cohort of 106 edentulous participants ( mean age : 65 years ) was treated with m and ibular two-implant overdentures opposing complete maxillary dentures . Participants were r and omly allocated into three loading protocol groups using four implant systems ; single-stage surgery was performed for all participants , followed by an unsplinted prosthesis using six different attachment systems . St and ardized intraoral radiographs taken at baseline ( loading ) and over 10 years appraised marginal bone levels mesially and distally from reference points under magnification . Three calibrated examiners repeated measurements , diminishing intra- and interobserver variability . Progressive attrition of participants occurred as a result of deaths , dropouts , and emigration . Seventy-nine participants ( 74.5 % , mean age : 72 years ) were available at the 10-year recall . Differences in bone loss among different loading protocol s , implant surfaces , and attachment systems were tested using chi-square and one-way analysis of variance tests . RESULTS Minimal , time-dependent , long-term marginal bone loss occurred with all loading protocol s. Annual marginal bone loss progressed at low levels after the first year with episodes of bone loss and gain . There was stability in marginal bone levels over the long term , with the majority of remodeling occurring during the first year of function . Roughened implant surfaces may be beneficial during the early remodeling period . The amount of marginal bone loss in the first year of loading differed significantly by loading protocol and implant surface , whereas attachment system had a minor influence . Differences were not reflected in the success rates calculated using st and ard criteria . The remaining participants at 10 years were classified as successful related to the criterion of marginal bone loss , irrespective of the determining criteria for success . CONCLUSIONS Either a 2- , 6- , or 12-week loading protocol for m and ibular 
    Output:
    
This systematic review indicates that implants with fixed and with removable restorations lead to comparable MBL