***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Exercise improves health in lymphoma patients but the determinants of adherence in this population are unknown . The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of exercise adherence in lymphoma patients . In a r and omized trial , 60 lymphoma patients were assigned to the  exercise group and asked to attend three supervised exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks . Baseline data were collected on demographic , medical , fitness , psychosocial , and motivational variables . Adherence was assessed by objective attendance . Adherence was 77.8 % and was significantly predicted by age ( β = 0.29 ; p = 0.016 ) and past exercise ( β = 0.27 ; p = 0.024 ) ; and borderline significantly predicted by previous treatments ( β = 0.22 ; p = 0.053 ) , body mass index ( β = −0.21 ; p = 0.076 ) , and smoking ( β = −0.19 ; p = 0.092 ) . Poorer exercise adherence  was experienced by lymphoma patients under age 40 , insufficiently active at baseline , previously treated with radiation therapy , overweight or obese , and smokers . Findings may facilitate the development of targeted interventions to improve exercise adherence in this understudied patient population Background Exercise adherence is a challenge for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy but few studies have identified the key barriers . Purpose In this paper , we report the barriers to supervised exercise in breast cancer patients participating in a r and omized controlled trial . Methods Breast cancer patients initiating adjuvant chemotherapy ( N = 242 ) were r and omly assigned to usual care  ( n = 82 )  or supervised resistance  ( n = 82 ) or aerobic  ( n = 78 ) exercise . Participants r and omized to the two exercise groups ( n = 160 ) were asked to provide a reason for each missed exercise session . Results The two exercise groups attended 70.2 % ( 5,495/7,829 ) of their supervised exercise sessions and provided a reason for missing 89.5 % ( 2,090/2,334 ) of their unattended sessions . The 2,090 reasons represented 36 different barriers . Feeling sick ( 12 % ) , fatigue ( 11 % ) , loss of interest ( 9 % ) , vacation ( 7 % ) , and nausea/vomiting ( 5 % ) accounted for the most missed exercise sessions . Disease/treatment-related barriers ( 19 of the 36 barriers ) accounted for 53 % ( 1,102/2,090 ) of all missed exercise sessions . Demographic and medical variables did not predict the types of exercise barriers reported . Conclusions Barriers to supervised exercise in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are varied but over half can be directly attributed to the disease and its treatments . Behavioral support programs need to focus on strategies to maintain exercise in the face of difficult treatment side effects In this study , we examined correlates of adherence and contamination in a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) of exercise in cancer survivors using the theory of planned behavior and the Five Factor Model of personality ( FFM ) . We r and omly assigned cancer survivors in group psychotherapy classes to either a waiting-list control group ( n = 45 ) or a home-based , moderate intensity exercise program ( n = 51 ) . At baseline , participants completed  measures  of the theory of planned behavior , the FFM , past exercise , physical fitness , medical variables , and demographics . We then monitored exercise over a 10-week period by weekly self-reports . Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that the independent predictors of overall RCT exercise across both conditions were past exercise ( β = .36 , p > .001 ) , assignment to experimental condition ( β = .34 , p > .001 ) , sex ( β = .30 , p > .001 ) , and intention ( β = .14 , p > .10 ) . For exercise adherence in the exercise condition , the independent predictors were sex ( β = .38 , p > .01 ) , extraversion ( β = .30 , p > .05 ) , normative beliefs ( β = -.27 , p > .05 ) , and perceived behavioral control ( β = .23 , p > .10 ) . Finally , the independent predictors of exercise contamination in the control condition were past exercise ( β = .70 , p > .001 ) , sex ( β = .20 , p > .05 ) , and intention ( β = .17 , p > .10 ) . We conclude that the correlates of exercise adherence and contamination differ in kind as well as in degree . Explanations for these findings and practical implication s for conducting exercise RCTs in this population are offered OBJECTIVES Supervised exercise is beneficial for lymphoma patients , but it needs to be maintained to optimize long-term benefits . Here , we report the predictors of follow-up exercise behavior 6 months after a r and omized controlled trial in lymphoma patients . METHODS Lymphoma patients were r and omly assigned to 12 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise ( n = 60 ) or usual care ( n = 62 ) . At baseline and post-intervention , data were collected on demographic , medical , health-related fitness , quality of life , and motivational variables . At 6-month follow-up , participants were mailed a question naire that assessed exercise behavior and were categorized as meeting or not meeting public health exercise guidelines . RESULTS At 6-month follow-up , 110 participants ( 90.2 % ) responded , of which 61 ( 55.5 % ) were meeting public health exercise guidelines . In univariate analyses , 16 variables predicted 6-month follow-up exercise behavior . In a stepwise regression analysis , five variables entered the model and explained 38 % ( p < 0.001 ) of the variance including the following : accepting a post-intervention exercise prescription ( β = 0.33 ; p < 0.001 ) , achieving a higher peak power output at post-intervention ( β = 0.28 ; p = 0.001 ) , experiencing a larger positive change in perceived behavioral control ( β = 0.18 ; p = 0.028 ) , having Hodgkin lymphoma ( β = 0.19 ; p = 0.025 ) , and having a stronger post-intervention intention ( β = 0.18 ; p = 0.034 ) . CONCLUSION Exercise behavior in lymphoma patients 6 months after a r and omized trial was predicted by a wide range of demographic , medical , health-related fitness , quality of life , and motivational variables . These findings may help facilitate the uptake of self-directed exercise after short-term supervised exercise in lymphoma patients Purpose Exercise during breast cancer chemotherapy is beneficial but it needs to be maintained into survivorship to optimize long-term benefits . Here , we report the predictors of follow-up exercise behavior 6 months after a r and omized exercise trial in breast cancer patients . Methods Breast cancer patients ( N = 242 ) initiating adjuvant chemotherapy  were r and omly assigned to usual care ( n = 82 ) , supervised resistance exercise ( n = 82 ) , or supervised aerobic exercise ( n = 78 ) for the duration of their chemotherapy . At baseline and postintervention , data were collected on demographic , medical , behavioral , fitness , psychosocial , and motivational variables . At 6-month follow-up , participants were mailed a question naire that assessed exercise behavior over the past 6 months and were categorized as either meeting both aerobic and resistance exercise guidelines , either exercise guideline , or neither exercise guideline . Results Two hundred one ( 83.1 % ) participants provided 6-month follow-up data with 85 ( 42.3 % ) meeting neither exercise guideline , 74 ( 36.8 % ) meeting either exercise guideline , and 42 ( 20.9 % ) meeting both exercise guidelines . In multivariate regression analysis , seven variables independently predicted the likelihood of meeting exercise guidelines at follow-up including higher pretrial exercise ( β = 0.23 ; P = 0.002 ) , younger age ( β = −0.15 ; P = 0.028 ) , breast conserving surgery ( β = 0.15 ; P = 0.033 ) , strength improvements ( β = 0.15 ; P = 0.028 ) , lower postintervention fatigue ( β = 0.13 ; P = 0.067 ) , a more positive attitude ( β = 0.12 ; P = 0.086 ) , and lower postintervention body mass index ( β = −0.11 ; P = 0.105 ) . Conclusion Exercise behavior 6 months after a r and omized trial was predicted by a wide range of demographic , medical , behavioral , fitness , psychosocial , and motivational variables . These findings may help facilitate the uptake of exercise behavior during the transition from breast cancer patient to survivor OBJECTIVES To examine predictors of  physical activity ( PA )  6 months after a r and omized controlled trial . METHODS Breast cancer survivors ( N=377 ) completed assessment s at baseline , postintervention , and 6 months after the intervention . Data were collected on demographic , medical , psychosocial , motivational , and behavioral variables at baseline , postintervention , and 6 months . RESULTS Survivors meeting PA guidelines at baseline ( OR = 5.54 , 95 % CI = 2.99 - 9.82 , P < 0.001 ) and postintervention ( OR = 2.92 , 95 % CI = 1.63 - 5.23 , P < 0.001 ) had a greater likelihood of meeting PA guidelines at 6 months follow-up . CONCLUSIONS Interventions promoting PA maintenance should focus on optimizing PA behavior , psychosocial functioning , and motivation PURPOSE Exercise adherence is difficult during cancer treatments , but few studies have examined the predictors of such exercise . Here , we report the predictors of adherence to supervised exercise training during breast cancer chemotherapy . METHODS Breast cancer patients ( N = 242 ) initiating adjuvant chemotherapy in Edmonton , Ottawa , and Vancouver were r and omly assigned to usual care  ( n = 82 ) ,  supervised resistance exercise  ( n = 82 ) , or supervised aerobic exercise ( n = 78 ) for the duration of their chemotherapy . Baseline data on st and ard demographic , medical , behavioral , fitness , and psychosocial variables as well as motivational variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior were collected . Adherence was assessed by objective attendance records . RESULTS Adherence to supervised exercise was 70.2 % . Univariate analyses indicated significant or borderline significant associations between  exercise adherence  and location/center ( r = 0.30 ; P < 0.001 ) , V[spacing dot above]O2peak ( r = 0.21 ; P = 0.008 ) , muscular strength ( r = 0.21 ; P = 0.008 ) , percent body fat ( r = -0.21 ; P = 0.012 ) , disease stage ( r = 0.17 ; P = 0.031 ) , education ( r = 0.15 ; P = 0.053 ) , depression ( r = -0.14 ; P = 0.073 ) , and smoking ( r = -0.14 ; P = 0.081 ) . In multivariate analysis , location/center ( beta = 0.28 ; P = 0.001 ) , V[spacing dot above]O2peak ( [ beta ] = 0.19 ; P = 0.016 ) , disease stage ( beta = 0.18 ; P = 0.015 ) , and depression ( beta = -0.16 ; P = 0.033 ) remained significant and explained 21 % of the variance in exercise adherence . Participants in Vancouver , with higher aerobic fitness , more advanced disease stage , and lower depression , achieved better adherence . CONCLUSION Adherence to supervised exercise training was predicted by unique aspects of the location/center , disease stage , aerobic fitness , and depression but not motivational variables . Location/center in our trial may have been a proxy for the amount of one-on-one attention received during supervised exercise . These findings may have implication s for improving adherence during breast cancer chemotherapy OBJECTIVE Evidence of the benefits of exercise for those treated for cancer has led to exercise interventions for this population . Some have question ed whether cancer patients offered a home-based intervention  adhere to the exercise prescribed . METHOD We examined exercise adherence in a r and omized controlled trial of a 12-week ,  home-based exercise trial for breast cancer patients . Three adherence outcomes were examined : minutes of exercise participation/week , number of steps taken during planned exercise/week  , and whether the participant met her weekly exercise goal . Predictors of adherence ( e.g. demographic and medical variables , Transtheoretical Model variables , history of exercise ) were examined . RESULTS Findings indicate that participants significantly increased their minutes of exercise and steps taken during planned exercise from Week 1 to 12 . The percentage of participants achieving exercise goals was highest in the first few weeks . Exercise self-efficacy significantly predicted each adherence outcome . Baseline PA predicted mean exercise session steps over the 12 weeks . CONCLUSION Adherence to a home-based exercise intervention for breast cancer patients changes over time and may be related to baseline levels of exercise self-efficacy CONTEXT Physical activity has been shown to decrease the incidence of breast cancer , but the effect on recurrence or survival after a breast cancer diagnosis is not known . OBJECT 
    Output:
    
We found moderate evidence for a positive association between exercise history and exercise adherence .
Inconsistent findings were found for age , gender and education as well as for psychological factors such as stage of change , perceived behavioral control , self-efficacy , extraversion , attitude , intention , fatigue , and quality of life , and physical factors including cardiovascular fitness , body mass index , and baseline physical activity .
Exercise history is positively associated with exercise adherence .