***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE This study is an integrated efficacy analysis of the five clinical trials of tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab in patients with relapsed or refractory low- grade , follicular , or transformed low- grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) that result ed in the regulatory approval of the iodine-131 tositumomab by the US Food and Drug Administration . PATIENTS AND METHODS This integrated analysis included 250 patients . Patients received a single course of iodine-131 tositumomab . Responses were assessed by an independent panel of radiologists and oncologists . RESULTS Response rates in the five trials ranged from 47 % to 68 % ; complete response rates ranged from 20 % to 38 % . With a median follow-up of 5.3 years , the 5-year progression-free survival was 17 % . Eighty-one ( 32 % ) of 250 patients had a time to progression of > or = 1 year ( termed durable response population ) . For the durable response population , 44 % had not progressed at > or = 2.5 to > or = 9.5 years and had a median duration of response of 45.8 months . The median duration of complete response was not reached . The durable response population had many poor prognostic characteristics , including bone marrow involvement ( 41 % ) , bulky disease > or = 5 cm ( 49 % ) , and transformed histology ( 23 % ) . Forty-three percent of the patients had been treated with more than four prior therapies and 36 % had not responded to their most recent therapy . CONCLUSION The tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab therapeutic regimen produces high response rates in patients with relapsed or refractory low- grade , follicular , and transformed low- grade NHL , with a sizable subgroup of patients achieving long-term durable responses BACKGROUND The role of rituximab in combination with different CHOP ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone)-like chemotherapy regimens in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma remains to be defined . We aim ed to compare CHOP-like chemotherapy and rituximab with CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in these patients . METHODS 824 patients who were from 18 countries ; aged 18 - 60 years ; and who had no risk factors or one risk factor according to age-adjusted International Prognostic Index ( IPI ) , stage II-IV disease , or stage I disease with bulk were enrolled . These patients were r and omly assigned to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy and rituximab ( n=413 ) or to six cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy alone ( n=411 ) . Bulky and extranodal sites received additional radiotherapy . The primary endpoint was event-free survival ; secondary endpoints were response , progression under therapy , progression-free survival , overall survival , and frequency of toxic effects . Analyses were done by intention to treat and per protocol . This trial is registered at http://www . clinical trials.gov , NCT 00064116 . FINDINGS After a median follow-up of 34 months ( range 0.03 - 61 ) , patients assigned chemotherapy and rituximab had increased 3-year event-free survival compared with those assigned chemotherapy alone ( 79 % [ 95 % CI 75 - 83 ] vs 59 % [ 54 - 64 ] ; difference between groups 20 % [ 13 - 27 ] , log-rank p<0.0001 ) , and had increased 3-year overall survival ( 93 % [ 90 - 95 ] vs 84 % [ 80 - 88 ] ; difference between groups 9 % [ 3 - 13 ] , log-rank p=0.0001 ) . Event-free survival was affected by treatment group , presence of bulky disease , and age-adjusted IPI : after chemotherapy and rituximab , a favourable subgroup ( ie , IPI=0 , no bulk ) could be defined from a less-favourable subgroup ( ie , IPI=1 or bulk , or both ) . Groups did not differ in the frequency of adverse events . INTERPRETATION Rituximab added to six cycles of CHOP is an effective treatment for young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma . The definition of two prognostic subgroups allows for a more refined therapeutic approach for these patients BACKGROUND We conducted a multinational , r and omized study to compare radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy plus cetuximab , a monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor , in the treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck . METHODS Patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer were r and omly assigned to treatment with high-dose radiotherapy alone ( 213 patients ) or high-dose radiotherapy plus weekly cetuximab  ( 211 patients ) at an initial dose of 400 mg per square meter of body-surface area , followed by 250 mg per square meter weekly for the duration of radiotherapy . The primary end point was the duration of control of locoregional disease ; secondary end points were overall survival , progression-free survival , the response rate , and safety . RESULTS The median duration of locoregional control was 24.4 months among patients treated with cetuximab plus radiotherapy and 14.9 months among those given radiotherapy alone ( hazard ratio for locoregional progression or death , 0.68 ; P=0.005 ) . With a median follow-up of 54.0 months , the median duration of overall survival was 49.0 months among patients treated with combined therapy and 29.3 months among those treated with radiotherapy alone ( hazard ratio for death , 0.74 ; P=0.03 ) . Radiotherapy plus cetuximab significantly prolonged progression-free survival ( hazard ratio for disease progression or death , 0.70 ; P=0.006 ) . With the exception of acneiform rash and infusion reactions , the incidence of grade 3 or greater toxic effects , including mucositis , did not differ significantly between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer with concomitant high-dose radiotherapy plus cetuximab improves locoregional control and reduces mortality without increasing the common toxic effects associated with radiotherapy to the head and neck . ( Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT00004227 . It is unclear whether new treatment modalities have improved the survival of follicular lymphoma patients . Some data show that there has been no improvement in survival in the last 3 decades of the 20th century , whereas the results of recent retrospective studies suggest that evolving therapy has improved the outcome for follicular lymphoma patients BACKGROUND We present the combined results of two trials that compared adjuvant chemotherapy with or without concurrent trastuzumab in women with surgically removed HER2-positive breast cancer . METHODS The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial B-31 compared doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel every 3 weeks ( group 1 ) with the same regimen plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab beginning with the first dose of paclitaxel ( group 2 ) . The North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial N9831 compared three regimens : doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel ( group A ) , the same regimen followed by 52 weeks of trastuzumab after paclitaxel ( group B ) , and the same regimen plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab initiated concomitantly with paclitaxel ( group C ) . The studies were amended to include a joint analysis comparing groups 1 and A ( the control group ) with groups 2 and C ( the trastuzumab group ) . Group B was excluded because trastuzumab was not given concurrently with paclitaxel . RESULTS By March 15 , 2005 , 394 events ( recurrent , second primary cancer , or death before recurrence ) had been reported , triggering the first scheduled interim analysis . Of these , 133 were in the trastuzumab group and 261 in the control group ( hazard ratio , 0.48 ; P<0.0001 ) . This result crossed the early stopping boundary . The absolute difference in disease-free survival between the trastuzumab group and the control group was 12 percent at three years . Trastuzumab therapy was associated with a 33 percent reduction in the risk of death ( P=0.015 ) . The three-year cumulative incidence of class III or IV congestive heart failure or death from cardiac causes in the trastuzumab group was 4.1 percent in trial B-31 and 2.9 percent in trial N9831 . CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide improves outcomes among women with surgically removed HER2-positive breast cancer . ( Clinical Trials.gov numbers , NCT00004067 and NCT00005970 . BACKGROUND The monoclonal antibody 3H1 mimics the external structure of the carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) . It therefore has the potential , via the anti-idiotypic network , to stimulate immune responses to CEA that may benefit colorectal cancer patients . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 630 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer were r and omised in a 2:1 fashion to receive bolus 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and leucovorin ( LV ) plus either 3H1 ( n = 422 ) or placebo ( n = 208 ) . RESULTS The addition of 3H1 to 5-FU and LV did not result in increased toxicity . Survival for the full intent-to-treat population was 14.7 months for the 3H1 arm and 15.2 months for the placebo arm ( P = 0.80 ) . Anti-CEA antibody responses were observed in 70 % of patients treated with 3H1 . Patients with a negative CEA response had a median survival of 8.3 months ( 95 % CI 7.5 - 11.0 ) compared with patients with a strong response : median survival not reached ( P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION 3H1 is safe and effectively induces immune responses to CEA . Addition of 3H1 to 5-FU and LV was not shown to improve overall patient outcomes . However , improved survival in patients developing anti-CEA responses to 3H1 are provocative and should be studied in further clinical trials UNLABELLED Orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT ) is the only curative therapy of HCC with underlying cirrhosis , but due to HCC metastasis and recurrence , its benefit is limited to a small population who meet the strict selection criteria . We previously reported that Licartin ( [ 131I ] mAb HAb18G/CD147 ) was safe and effective in treating HCC patients , and its antigen , HAb18G/CD147 , was closely related to HCC invasion and metastasis . Here , we reported a r and omized controlled trial to assess the post-OLT antirecurrence efficacy of Licartin in advanced HCC patients . We r and omized 60 post-OLT patients with HCC , who were at tumor stage 3/4 and outside the Milan criteria before OLT , into 2 groups . Three weeks after OLT , the treatment group received 15.4 MBq/kg of Licartin , while the control group received placebo intravenously for 3 times with an interval of 28 days . At 1-year follow-up , the recurrence rate significantly decreased by 30.4 % ( P = 0.0174 ) and the survival rate increased by 20.6 % ( P = 0.0289 ) in the treatment group , compared with those in the control group . For the control group versus the treatment group , the hazard ratio for recurrence was 3.60 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.50 - 8.60 ) and that for death was 3.87 ( 95 % CI , 1.23 - 12.21 ) . Licartin treatment also result ed in an earlier decreased AFP level and a longer time of normal AFP level than placebo ( P = 0.0016 ) . No Licartin-related toxic effects were observed . CONCLUSION Licartin is a promising drug for preventing post-OLT tumor recurrence in advanced HCC patients excluded by the currently strict criteria for OLT . HAb18G/CD147 can be a good drug target The potential benefits of extended rituximab treatment have been investigated in a r and omized trial comparing the st and ard schedule with prolonged treatment in 202 patients with newly diagnosed or refractory/relapsed follicular lymphoma ( FL ) . All patients received st and ard treatment ( rituximab 375 mg/m(2 ) weekly x 4 ) . In 185 evaluable patients , the overall response rate was 67 % in chemotherapy-naive patients and 46 % in pretreated cases ( P < .01 ) . Patients responding or with stable disease at week 12 ( n = 151 ) were r and omized to no further treatment or prolonged rituximab administration ( 375 mg/m(2 ) every 2 months 
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( 1 ) Many of the significant advances in cancer management in recent years have centered on the development and introduction of molecularly targeted therapies , such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.(2 ) Despite targeted therapy that has clearly benefited and even cured certain patients ( eg , imatinib , trastuzumab ) , the ultimate goal of curing cancer , and the more immediate goal of replacing non-targeted chemotherapies with less toxic , targeted agents has yet to be achieved for most cancer patients .(3 ) Based on a systematic review of r and omized controlled trials , examples of significant benefits in selected cancers are provided:(a ) Non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) - A large meta- analysis and several individual r and omised , controlled trials ( RCTs ) report that rituximab plus chemotherapy has a major survival advantage over chemotherapy alone in patients with NHL ; an overview of six clinical trials supports the survival benefit of rituximab plus chemotherapy.(b ) Renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) - Temsirolimus or sunitinib has a significant survival benefit relative to interferon-alpha , and sorafenib carries such a benefit in patients resistant to st and ard therapy.(c ) Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) - An overview of three RCTs in metastatic CRC revealed that bevacizumab plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin possesses a significant survival advantage over 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.(d ) Non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) - In refractory NSCLC , erlotinib significantly prolongs survival , particularly in nonsmokers , and gefitinib may have some utility in patients of Asian ethnicity.(e ) Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ) - Cetuximab plus radiotherapy ( versus radiotherapy alone ) significantly improves locoregional control and survival ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 0.68 ; p = 0.005 ) without worsening radiotherapy-related toxicity