***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Psychological theories of categorization generally focus on either rule- or exemplar-based explanations . We present 2 experiments that show evidence of both rule induction and exemplar encoding as well as a connectionist model , ATRIUM , that specifies a mechanism for combining rule- and exemplar-based representation . In 2 experiments participants learned to classify items , most of which followed a simple rule , although there were a few frequently occurring exceptions . Experiment 1 examined how people  extrapolate beyond the range of training . Experiment 2 examined the effect of instance frequency on generalization . Categorization behavior was well described by the model , in which exemplar representation is used for both rule and exception processing . A key element in correctly modeling these results was capturing the interaction between the rule- and exemplar-based representations by using shifts of attention between rules and exemplars Counseling women about breast cancer risks has been found to decrease screening compliance . We investigated whether women 's reactions to risk information are an artifact of requiring women to estimate the risk of breast cancer prior to receiving risk information . Three hundred and fifty-six women were r and omized to either make or not make a risk estimate prior to receiving risk information . Outcome measures were participants ' estimates of the average woman 's breast cancer risk and their emotional response to the risk information . Women overestimated the lifetime risk of breast cancer ( M = 46 % ) . Women who made risk estimates felt more relieved about the risk and perceived the risk as being lower than women who did not make estimates ( p 's < 0.001 ) . Asking people to estimate risks influenced their subsequent perceptions of the risk of breast cancer In the present study , the authors investigated the effects of framing of options on  risky decision making in groups of younger adults ( M = 23.8 years , n = 192 ) and older adults ( M = 69.1 years , n = 192 ) . The participants were assigned to one of three scenarios varying in the goods at stake ( human lives , paintings , money ) . The authors observed a majority preference in favor of the risky options after negative , but not positive framing . They also found , as they had predicted , that the type of framing effect varied across scenarios , with a bidirectional framing effect for the life-death scenario and unidirectional ( risk averse ) framing effects when public property ( paintings ) or personal property ( money ) were at stake . It is important to note that these choice preference patterns were highly similar across the age groups , which reinforced the conclusion that younger and older adults are equally susceptible to framing effects 
    Output:
    
The model is also shown to be scientifically parsimonious using st and ard measures .