***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous ( i.v . ) bolus of dexketoprofen trometamol compared with an i.v . infusion of dipyrone in patients with moderate to severe pain due to renal colic . Methods A total of 308 patients with renal colic and visual analog scale ( VAS ) score ≥40 mm participated in a multicenter , r and omized , double blind , double-dummy , parallel , and active-controlled study and were r and omized to dexketoprofen 25 mg ( n = 101 ) , dexketoprofen 50 mg ( n = 104 ) , and dipyrone 2 g ( n = 103 ) . Results Mean [ ± st and ard deviation ( SD ) ] total pain relief ( TOTPAR ) scores were similar in the dexketoprofen 50 mg ( 15.3 ± 8.6 ) and dipyrone ( 15.5 ± 8.6 ) and slighly higher than in dexketoprofen 25 mg ( 13.5 ± 8.6 ) , although significant differences were not achieved . In the same way , patients in the dexketoprofen 50 mg and dipyrone groups showed higher scores in the sum of pain intensity differences ( SPID ) and the sum of analogue pain intensity differences ( SAPID ) than patients in the dexketoprofen 25 mg group , reaching statistical significance in comparison with dexketoprofen 25 mg and dipyrone for SPID and SAPID ( p < 0.05 ) . The time – effect course for pain intensity differences and pain relief showed significantly higher values for both doses of dexketoprofen during the first 30 min after drug administration ( p < 0.05 ) . Dexketoprofen 50 mg and dipyrone groups had 66 % and 70 % , respectively , of patients with at least 50 % of maximum obtainable TOTPAR in comparison with 56 % in the dexketoprofen 25 mg group . The study medications were well tolerated . Conclusions Dexketoprofen 50 mg administered as a single i.v . bolus was effective for the relief of moderate to severe pain in patients with renal colic , with a good safety profile and efficacy similar to i.v . dipyrone 2 g. Dexketoprofen produced analgesia that was faster in onset Objective To determine whether dipyrone has an opiate-sparing effect in post-operative pain therapy compared with placebo during patient-controlled morphine therapy ( PCA ) and to compare the effects on analgesia and respiratory and coagulation parameters . Design R and omized , observer-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study . Setting Surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital . Patients 106 adult patients who were to undergo abdominal or urological surgery under 90-min st and ardized inhalational anaesthesia were entered and 103 were included in the efficacy analysis ( 53 on dipyrone , 50 on placbo ) . Interventions Preprogrammed PCA ( 0.03 mg morphine/kg per bolus ) with either dipyrone ( initially 2.0 g i.v . and 1.0 g/2 ml i.v . at 4 , 8 and 16 h ) or placebo ( saline ) . Measurements and results Cumulative morphine consumption was calculated automatically during PCA . Pain intensity and pain relief and the investigator 's global assessment s of efficacy and tolerability were recorded on five-point verbal rating scales . Vital signs , st and ard laboratory parameters , respiratory rate , partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( PCO2 ) and of oxygen , partial thromboplastin time ( PTT ) and Quick values were recorded . Total consumption of opiates in the dipyrone group ( median 31.6 mg ) was significantly less ( p=0.00015 ) than in the placebo group ( median 50.3 mg ) , while pain relief ( area under the curve ) AUC was the same for both PCA+dipyrone ( median 4.1 ) and PCA+placebo ( median 3.9 ) . Global assessment of efficacy was good to excellent in more than 90 % of cases in both groups . Vital signs , respiratory rate , PCO2 , PTT and Quick did not differ between groups . Adverse events were mainly nausea and /or vomiting  ( dipyrone , n=4 ; placebo , n=1 ) ; 1 patient in the placebo group had bradycardia . Three serious adverse events were unrelated to study medication . In 1 patient , the PCA programme malfunctioned and had to be changed . Conclusions concomitant administration of dipyrone with on-dem and morphine ( PCA ) reduces opiate consumption while maintaining post-operative pain relief with a low incidence of side-effects Background and objective Paracetamol has a well established pharmacological profile , but its postoperative efficacy is in question . This double-blind , placebo-controlled study was design ed to compare the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol with other intravenous non-opioids as part of a multimodal concept for perioperative pain therapy . Methods Patients undergoing minor-to-intermediate surgery under general anaesthesia were r and omly assigned to receive infusions of paracetamol ( 1 g every 6 h ) , dipyrone ( 1 g every 6 h ) , parecoxib ( 40 mg every 12 h ) separated by infusions of physiological saline 0.9 % , or placebo ( 0.9 % saline every 6 h ) , respectively , for at least 48 h as part of a multimodal pain concept . Patient-controlled piritramide was administered as rescue medication . Dependent variables were recorded 1 , 6 , 18 , 30 and 42 h after extubation and 1 week after surgery . Surgical and associated pain was scored as the primary outcome on a visual analogue scale . Additionally , time to first dose and total piritramide dosage , satisfaction , respiratory depression , nausea , vomiting , sedation , itching and sweating were recorded . Results A total of 196 patients were recruited . The efficacy of paracetamol was similar to that of the other non-opioid analgesics . Surgical pain was reduced with all non-opioids compared to placebo ; there was no effect on associated pain . Piritramide dosage and incidence of side effects were not reduced . Conclusion Intravenous paracetamol has equivalent efficacy to non-opioids dipyrone and parecoxib that improves postoperative pain therapy when used as part of a multimodal concept after minor-to-intermediate surgery INTRODUCTION Migraine is one of the commonest diseases of clinical practice . OBJECTIVE [ corrected ] To compare the analgesic effect of dipyrone to metoclopramide in the relief of pain . METHOD We conducted a pilot r and omized study comparing intravenous dipyrone to intravenous metoclopramide in 27 patients presenting acute crisis of migraine . The primary end point was to compare reduction of intensity of pain up to 2 hours , as well as the development of collateral effects . RESULTS The groups had similar ages , but there were difference between the sexes . In men , metoclopramide  reduced pain in 80.0 % compared with 55.0 % from dipyrone ( p=0.052 ) . In women , there was a reduction of 65.0 % with metoclopramide and 71.2 % with dipyrone ( p=0.748 ) . The small number of patients in the study might have influenced these results . Significant collateral effects were not found . CONCLUSION There was no difference about the intensity of pain reduction neither about the development of collateral effects comparing dipyrone to metoclopramide Introduction Adjunct nonopioid analgesics may improve pain control in patients with cancer needing morphine or its derivates .  Dypirone is a cheap nonopioid analgesic widely used in many countries . Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate , whenever morphine was started , if associating dipyrone with it would improve pain control and if this effect was time dependent . Material s and methods This is a double-blind placebo-controlled r and omized crossover study . Thirty-four ambulatory cancer patients experiencing cancer-related pain for which oral morphine was to be started at the dose of 10 mg orally ( PO ) every 4 h were r and omized to take either dipyrone 500 mg PO every 6 h or placebo . After 48 h , patients would be switched from dipyrone to placebo and vice versa . Pain was the primary outcome and was measured using a visual analogue scale before starting medications , at 48 and 96 h. Results We r and omized 16 patients to start with placebo ( group 1 ) and 18 with dipyrone ( group 2 ) .  Pain scores for groups 1 and 2 were at baseline : 7.31 ± 0.29 vs 6.88 ± 0.28 ( p = 0.3 ) , at 48 h : 7.06 ± 0.32 vs 5.5 ± 0.31 ( p = 0.001 ) , and at 96 h : 3.18 ± 0.39 vs 1.94 ± 0.37 ( p = 0.03 ) . Both groups had significant improvements in pain scores after introducing dipyrone ( p < 0.001 , for both ) . Main toxicities were nausea , vomiting , epigastric pain , and myalgias . Twenty-eight patients chose dipyrone , four placebo , and two were indifferent . Conclusions We conclude that dipyrone adds significantly to the analgesic effect of morphine and , when given at the time of starting morphine , results in better pain scores even after dipyrone is discontinued Two hundred and sixty patients with lumbago or sciatic pain participated in a multicenter observer-blind r and omized trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of dipyrone 2.5 g , diclofenac 75 mg , and placebo administered as an intramuscular injection once daily for the duration of one to two days . The effectiveness of the test treatments in relieving sciatic pain was measured by a visual analog scale ( VAS ) before and 30 minutes , 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 and 24 hours after each injection . In addition , the patient 's general well-being was measured on a 5-point rating scale on day 0 , 1 and 2 . At the end of the trial , the patients evaluated the overall efficacy of the study drugs on a 5-point rating scale . Minimal finger-toe distance was measured every day of the trial . Pain intensity on VAS ( primary endpoint ) showed a significantly greater reduction with dipyrone than with diclofenac or placebo between 1 and 6 hours after application ( p < 0.01 ) and at the end of the trial ( after 48 hours ) . Improvement in general well-being and minimal finger-toe distance was greatest in the dipyrone group . 59 % of the patients with dipyrone assessed the overall efficacy as " excellent " or " very good " , compared with 30 % with diclofenac , and 18 % with placebo .  Adverse reactions were reported in only 7 patients ( 3 % ) , 4 ( 5 % ) in the dipyrone , 1 ( 1 % ) in the diclofenac , and 2 ( 2 % ) in the placebo group BACKGROUND Dipyrone ( Metamizol ) has been used in the acute treatment of migraines in Brazil . Some investigators have found it to be a highly effective medication for migraine pain and associated symptoms . OBJECTIVE To conduct a r and omized , placebo controlled , double blind study to assess the effect of dipyrone on the pain and  symptoms associated with migraine without aura or with aura and the adverse effect profile of this medication . METHODS For the migraine without aura group , 44 patients were assigned at r and om to receive 1 g intravenous dipyrone , and 30 patients received 10 mL  0.9 % physiological saline . For the migraine with aura group , 30 patients received both dipyrone or placebo . We used seven parameters of analgesic evaluation and an analog scale to assess nausea , photophobia , and phonophobia . RESULTS Patients receiving dipyrone demonstrated a statistically superior improvement ( P<.05 and P<.01 ) in pain and all associated symptoms compared with control subjects . CONCLUSIONS Dipyrone is an effective drug for the relief of acute migraine pain and associated symptoms In a double-blind , r and omised and parallel clinical trial , two oral doses of dipyrone ( 1 and 2 g ) administered every 8 h were compared with 10 mg of oral morphine given every 4 h for the relief of  chronic cancer pain .  A total of 121 patients with cancer pain without gastric involvement participated in a 7-day treatment course and were allocated to receive either dipyrone 1 g ( n = 41 ) , dipyrone 2 g ( n = 38 ) or morphine ( n = 42 ) . Drug efficacy was analysed according to the degree of pain relief using a 100-mm visual analogue scale , and the number of patients who decided to increase the dose of the analgesic drug on day 4 . The analgesic effect of dipyrone , 2 g every 8 h , was similar to that of morphine . The efficacy of both schedules was significantly greater than that of dipyrone , 1 g every 8 h. Dipyrone at either 1 or 2 g doses tended to be better tolerated than morphine , although the differences were not statistically significant A two-phase , double-blind study 
    Output:
    
We found no differences between metamizole and placebo  ,  paracetamol  and NSAIDs .
Only a few SAEs were reported , with no difference between metamizole and other analgesics .
Conclusion For short-term use in the hospital setting , metamizole seems to be a safe choice when compared to other widely used analgesics .