***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND The effect of television viewing ( TVV ) with and without advertisements ( ads ) on energy intake is unclear . OBJECTIVE The objectives were to test 1 ) the effect of TVV , with and without ads , on energy intake compared with a control and reading condition and 2 ) the association of distractibility and memory for ads with energy intake and body weight . DESIGN Forty-eight ( 26 female ) adults ( age : 19 - 54 y ) with a body mass index ( in kg/m(2 ) ) of 20 - 35 completed this laboratory-based study . All participants completed 4 buffet-style meals in r and om order in the following conditions : 1 ) control , 2 ) while reading , 3 ) while watching TV with food and nonfood ads ( TV-ads ) , and 4 ) while watching TV with no ads ( TV-no ads ) .  Energy intake was quantified by weighing foods . Distractibility and memory for ads in the TV-ads condition were quantified with a norm-referenced test and recognition task , respectively . RESULTS Repeated- measures analysis of variance indicated that energy and macronutrient intake did not differ significantly among the 4 conditions ( P > 0.65 ) . Controlling for sex , memory for ads was associated with body weight ( r = 0.36 , P < 0.05 ) and energy intake but only when viewing TV ( r = 0.39 , P < 0.05 during the TV-no ads condition , and r = 0.29 , P = 0.06 during the TV-ads condition ) . Controlling for sex , distractibility was associated with body weight ( r = 0.36 , P < 0.05 ) but not energy intake . Distractibility , however , accounted for 13 % of the variance in men 's energy intake ( P = 0.11 ) . CONCLUSIONS TVV did not affect energy intake , but individual characteristics ( memory for ads ) were associated with body weight and energy intake in certain conditions . These characteristics should be considered in food intake and intervention studies Television viewing may contribute to obesity via promotion of sedentary behavior and exposure to food-related commercials . However , the mechanisms by which food-related commercials promote food intake are not well understood . Therefore , the purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of television advertisements on food intake according to sex and transportability , or the tendency to become engrossed in what one is viewing . Eighty-three undergraduate students , free of disordered eating symptoms , were stratified by sex and r and omly assigned to one of three conditions ( food-related advertisements , neutral advertisements , or no advertisements ) . They were then identified as high or low in transportability according to a median split . A significant interaction was found between advertisement condition and transportability such that those high in transportability ate more in the food than other advertisement conditions . A second interaction was found between sex and transportability with women high in transportability eating more food than women low in transportability irrespective of advertisement condition . No significant main effects of advertisement condition , sex , or transportability were found . Results suggest the importance of study ing the impact of individual difference variables on the relationship between food-related advertising  and food intake BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on the effects of television advertising on the energy intake of children . However , the rapidly changing food-marketing l and scape requires research to measure the effects of nontraditional forms of marketing on the health-related behaviors of children . OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of advergames that promote energy-dense snacks or fruit on children 's ad libitum snack and fruit consumption and to examine whether this consumption differed according to br and and product type ( energy-dense snacks and fruit ) . The second aim was to examine whether advergames can stimulate fruit intake . DESIGN We used a r and omized between-subject design with 270 children ( age : 8 - 10 y ) who played an advergame that promoted energy-dense snacks ( n = 69 ) , fruit ( n = 67 ) , or nonfood products  ( n = 65 ) or  were in the control condition  ( n = 69 ) . Subsequently , we measured the free intake of energy-dense snacks and fruit . The children then completed question naire measures , and we weighed and measured them . RESULTS The main finding was that playing an advergame containing food cues increased general energy intake , regardless of the advertised br and or product type ( energy-dense snacks or fruit ) , and this activity particularly increased the intake of energy-dense snack foods . Children who played the fruit version of the advergame did not eat significantly more fruit than did those in the other groups . CONCLUSION The findings suggest that playing advergames that promote food , including either energy-dense snacks or fruit , increases energy intake in children This study examined the potential moderating role of attentional bias ( i.e. , gaze duration , number of fixations , latency of initial fixation ) in the effect of advergames promoting energy-dense snacks on children 's snack intake . A r and omized between-subject design was conducted with 92 children who played an advergame that promoted either energy-dense snacks or nonfood products .  Eye movements and reaction times to food and nonfood cues were recorded to assess attentional bias during playtime using eye-tracking methods . Children could eat freely after playing the game . The results showed that playing an advergame containing food cues increased total intake . Furthermore , children with a higher gaze duration for the food cues ate more of the advertised snacks . In addition , children with a faster latency of initial fixation to the food cues ate more in total and ate more of the advertised snacks . The number of fixations on the food cues did not increase actual snack intake . Food advertisements are design ed to grab attention , and this study shows that the extent to which a child 's attention is directed to a food cue increases the effect of the advertisement Eating behaviour is often studied in the laboratory under controlled conditions . Yet people care about the impressions others form about them so may behave differently if they feel that their eating behaviour is being monitored . Here we examined whether participants are likely to change their eating behaviour if they feel that food intake is being monitored during a laboratory study . In Study 1 participants were provided with vignettes of typical eating behaviour experiments  and were asked if , and how , they would behave differently if they felt their eating behaviour was being monitored during that experiment . Study 2 tested the effect of experimentally manipulating participants ' beliefs about their eating behaviour being monitored on their food consumption in the lab . In Study 1 , participants thought they would change their behaviour if they believed their eating was being monitored and , if monitored , that they would reduce their food consumption . In Study 2 participants  ate significantly less food after being led to believe that their food consumption was being recorded . Together , these studies demonstrate that if participants believe that the amount of food they eat during a study is being monitored then they are likely to suppress their food intake . This may impact the conclusions that are drawn from food intake studies 
    Output:
    
Evidence to date shows that acute exposure to food advertising increases food intake in children but not in adults .
These data support public health policy action that seeks to reduce children 's exposure to unhealthy food advertising