***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To determine serum biomarker associations with clinical response to golimumab treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) . Methods GO – REVEAL was a r and omised , placebo-controlled study of golimumab in patients with active PsA. Sample s were collected from 100 patients at baseline , week 4 and week 14 , and analysed for serum-based biomarkers and protein profiling ( total 92 markers ) ; data were correlated with clinical measures at week 14 . Results Serum levels of a subset of proteins ( apolipoprotein C III , ENRAGE , IL-16 , myeloperoxidase , vascular endothelial growth factor , pyridinoline , matrix metalloproteinase 3 , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , carcinoembryonic antigen , intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α ) at baseline or week 4 were strongly associated with American College of Rheumatology 20 % improvement ( ACR20 ) response and /or disease activity score in 28 joints ( DAS28 ) at week 14 . A smaller subset of proteins was significantly associated with a 75 % improvement in the psoriasis area and severity index score ( PASI75 ) at week 14 , ( adiponectin , apolipoprotein CIII , serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase , and tumour necrosis factor α ) . Subsets of proteins were identified as potentially predictive of clinical response for each of the clinical measures , and the power of these biomarker panels to predict clinical response to golimumab treatment was stronger than for CRP alone . Conclusions This analysis provides insight into several panels of markers that may have utility in identifying PsA patients likely to have  ACR20 , DAS28 , or PASI75  responses  following golimumab treatment OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic inflammatory disease that may result in debilitating joint deformities with destruction of bone and cartilage . Inflammation is still considered the pivotal inducer of both components of joint damage . Results of recent animal studies suggested a prominent contribution of osteoclastic bone resorption that could be dissociated from inflammation . RANKL and its natural decoy receptor , osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) , play key roles in osteoclast activation . In a group of patients with early RA not treated with disease-modifying drugs , we tested the hypothesis that osteoclast activation , reflected by the serum OPG : RANKL ratio at baseline , is negatively associated with progression of bone damage , independent of inflammation . METHODS  OPG and RANKL levels  , together with a parameter of  inflammation ( first-year time-averaged  erythrocyte sedimentation rate  [ tESR ] ) , were measured in 92 patients with newly diagnosed early active RA who were participants in a r and omized study . The tESR and the OPG : RANKL ratio were evaluated for the ability to predict 5-year radiographic progression of joint damage . RESULTS The first-year tESR and the OPG : RANKL ratio , as measured at baseline , independently predicted 5-year radiographic progression of joint damage ( both P < or = 0.001 ) . Progression of radiographic damage was greatest in patients with a high tESR and a low OPG : RANKL ratio and was lowest in patients with a low tESR and a high OPG : RANKL ratio . CONCLUSION This study in patients with early untreated RA is the first to confirm the findings in animal models of arthritis , that radiographic progression of the bone component of joint destruction is dependent on both inflammation ( tESR ) and osteoclast activation ( the OPG : RANKL ratio ) OBJECTIVE We analyzed the effects of adalimumab on biomarkers predictive of structural damage in inflammatory arthritis . METHODS In a 24-week r and omized controlled trial , patients with active ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) received adalimumab 40 mg or placebo every other week . Efficacy measures included ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group response , Bath AS Disease Activity Index ( BASDAI ) , Total Back Pain , Bath AS Functional Index , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and patient 's global assessment of disease activity . Urinary type II collagen C-telopeptides ( CTX-II ) , serum type I collagen N-telopeptides ( NTX ) , and serum metalloproteinase-3 ( MMP-3 ) were assessed using ELISA for treatment-group differences at baseline , 12 , and 24 weeks . We determined correlations between changes in biomarkers and AS efficacy outcomes . RESULTS A total of 82 patients ( 38 adalimumab , 44 placebo ) enrolled . At 12 and 24 weeks , significant reductions in urinary CTX-II and MMP-3 , but not NTX concentrations , were observed for adalimumab versus placebo ( p<0.001 ) . Significant baseline correlations were noted between CRP and CTX-II ( r=0.71 ) , MMP-3 ( r=0.45 ) , and NTX ( r=0.37 ) ( p < or=0.001 ) , as well as between CTX-II and NTX ( r=0.49 ; p<0.0001 ) . Changes in CTX-II and MMP-3 at 12 weeks correlated significantly with changes in BASDAI ( r=0.31 and 0.33 ) , and CRP ( r=0.40 and 0.43 ) ( p < or=0.005 ) . Change in CTX-II at 12 weeks also correlated significantly with change in MMP-3 ( r=0.41 ; p<0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Adalimumab suppresses biomarkers that reflect matrix turnover in patients with AS Objectives To compare the prevalence , clinical and radiographic characteristics of  psoriatic spondyloarthritis ( PsSpA ) in psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) , with ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) . Methods A prospect i ve single-centre cross-sectional observational study recruited consecutive PsA and AS cases . Participants completed outcome measures , and underwent clinical examination , axial radiographic scoring and HLA-sequencing . Multivariable analyses are presented . Results The 402 enrolled cases ( 201 PsA , 201 AS ; fulfilling classification criteria for respective conditions ) were reclassified based upon radiographic axial disease and psoriasis , as : 118 PsSpA , 127 peripheral-only PsA ( pPsA ) , and 157 AS without psoriasis ( AS ) cases . A significant proportion of patients with radiographic axial disease had PsSpA ( 118/275 ; 42.91 % ) , and often had symptomatically silent axial disease ( 30/118 ; 25.42 % ) . Modified New York criteria for AS were fulfilled by 48/201 ( 23.88 % ) PsA cases , and Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis criteria by 49/201 ( 24.38 % ) AS cases . pPsA compared with PsSpA cases had a lower frequency of HLA-B*27 ( OR 0.12 ; 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.25 ) . Disease activity , metrology and disability were comparable in PsSpA and AS . A significant proportion of PsSpA cases had spondylitis without sacroiliitis ( 39/118 ; 33.05 % ) ; they less frequently carried HLA-B*27 ( OR 0.11 ; 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.33 ) . Sacroiliac joint complete ankylosis ( adjusted OR , ORadj 2.96 ; 95 % CI 1.42 to 6.15 ) and bridging syndesmophytes ( ORadj 2.78 ; 95 % CI 1.49 to 5.18 ) were more likely in AS than PsSpA. Radiographic axial disease was more severe in AS than PsSpA ( Psoriatic Arthritis Spondylitis Radiology Index Score : adjusted incidence risk ratio 1.13 ; 95 % CI 1.09 to 1.19 ) . Conclusions In a combined cohort of patients with either PsA or AS from a single centre , 24 % fulfilled classification criteria for both conditions . The pattern of axial disease was influenced significantly by the presence of skin psoriasis and HLA-B*27 OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of existing classification criteria for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) and to construct new criteria from observed data . METHODS Data were collected prospect ively from consecutive clinic attendees with PsA and other inflammatory arthropathies . Subjects were classified by each of 7 criteria . Sensitivity and specificity were compared using conditional logistic regression analysis . Latent class analysis was used to calculate criteria accuracy in order to confirm the validity of clinical diagnosis as the gold st and ard definition of " case"-ness . Classification and Regression Trees methodology and logistic regression were used to identify items for new criteria , which were then constructed using a receiver operating characteristic curve . RESULTS Data were collected on 588 cases and 536 controls with rheumatoid arthritis ( n = 384 ) , ankylosing spondylitis ( n = 72 ) , undifferentiated arthritis ( n = 38 ) , connective tissue disorders ( n = 14 ) , and other diseases ( n = 28 ) . The specificity of each set of criteria was high . The sensitivity of the Vasey and Espinoza method ( 0.97 ) was similar to that of the method of McGonagle et al ( 0.98 ) and greater than that of the methods of Bennett ( 0.44 ) , Moll and Wright ( 0.91 ) , the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group ( 0.74 ) , and Gladman et al ( 0.91 ) . The CASPAR ( ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis ) criteria consisted of established inflammatory articular disease with at least 3 points from the following features : current psoriasis ( assigned a score of 2 ; all other features were assigned a score of 1 ) , a history of psoriasis ( unless current psoriasis was present ) , a family history of psoriasis ( unless current psoriasis was present or there was a history of psoriasis ) , dactylitis , juxtaarticular new bone formation , rheumatoid factor negativity , and nail dystrophy . These criteria were more specific ( 0.987 versus 0.960 ) but less sensitive ( 0.914 versus 0.972 ) than those of Vasey and Espinoza . CONCLUSION The CASPAR criteria are simple and highly specific but less sensitive than the Vasey and Espinoza criteria OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether AS-associated polymorphisms of ERAP1 , IL23R and IL12B genes associate with subphenotypes of PsA , particularly axial radiographic disease once stratified by HLA-B27 and HLA-Cw*0602 status . METHODS rs30187 ( ERAP1 gene ) , rs6887695 ( IL12B gene ) , rs11209026 and rs7530511 ( IL23R gene ) single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 263 PsA cases from a prospect i ve cohort and compared with data from healthy controls ( n = 3266 - 5422 ) . ERAP1 results were stratified according to HLA-B27 and HLA-Cw*0602 status . Investigation of association with age at onset of psoriasis/PsA , arthritic joint count , axial radiographic disease , peripheral radiographic erosions , Psoriasis Area Severity Index , nail score and HAQ was made . RESULTS There was a strong association between rs6887595 ( IL12B ) and PsA , with homozygosity for the major allele being more frequent in PsA than controls ( odds ratio 1.70 ; 95 % CI 1.3 , 2.2 ; P < 0.001 ) . A trend was demonstrated for the minor allele of rs11209026 ( IL23R ) to be less frequent in patients with erosive joint disease than in those without erosions or controls ( 7 % , 14 % and 12 % , respectively ) . None of the polymorphisms associated with the presence of axial radiographic disease or other clinical parameters . CONCLUSION We have confirmed a strong association between rs6887595 ( IL12B ) and PsA. A trend has been demonstrated between an IL23R variant and peripheral erosive disease . ERAP1 was not associated with axial radiographic disease in PsA. Spinal involvement in PsA may be genetically different from that in AS , which is in keeping with previous observations that the clinical and radiographic pattern of axial disease also differs OBJECTIVE Biochemical markers of bone turnover exhibit circadian rhythms with the peak during the night/early morning and the nadir in the late afternoon . The nocturnal increase in bone resorption could theoretically be caused by the absence of food consumption which brings about a decrease in net calcium absorption and an increase in parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , followed by increased bone resorption in response to the body 's dem and for calcium . The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of a 33-h fast on the circadian variation in biochemical markers of bone turnover . DESIGN Eleven healthy premenopausal women 
    Output:
    
Conclusions MMP-3 and M-CSF are biomarkers for the presence of arthritis in psoriatic disease , and could therefore be used to screen for PsA in psoriasis cohorts .
Dkk-1 and OPG are biomarkers of axial arthritis ; they could therefore be used to screen for the presence of axial disease in PsA cases , and help differentiate PsSpA from AS .
High concentrations of Dkk-1 in AS and PsSpA compared with HC , support previous reports that Dkk-1 is dysfunctional in the spondyloarthritides