***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Cetuximab , an IgG1 chimeric monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) , has activity against colorectal cancers that express EGFR . METHODS From December 2003 to August 2005 , 572 patients who had colorectal cancer expressing immunohistochemically detectable EGFR and who had been previously treated with a fluoropyrimidine , irinotecan , and oxaliplatin or had contraindications to treatment with these drugs underwent r and omization to an initial dose of 400 mg of cetuximab per square meter of body-surface area followed by a weekly infusion of 250 mg per square meter plus best supportive care  ( 287 patients ) or best supportive care alone  ( 285 patients ) . The primary end point was overall survival . RESULTS In comparison with best supportive care alone , cetuximab treatment was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival ( hazard ratio for death , 0.77 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.64 to 0.92 ; P=0.005 ) and in progression-free survival ( hazard ratio for disease progression or death , 0.68 ; 95 % CI , 0.57 to 0.80 ; P<0.001 ) . These benefits were robust after adjustment in a multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model . The median overall survival was 6.1 months in the cetuximab group and 4.6 months in the group assigned to supportive care alone . Partial responses occurred in 23 patients ( 8.0 % ) in the cetuximab group but in none in the group assigned to supportive care alone ( P<0.001 ) ; the disease was stable in an additional 31.4 % of patients assigned to cetuximab and in 10.9 % of patients assigned to supportive care alone ( P<0.001 ) . Quality of life was better preserved in the cetuximab group , with less deterioration in physical function and global health status scores ( both P<0.05 ) . Cetuximab treatment was associated with a characteristic rash ; a rash of grade 2 or higher was strongly associated with improved survival ( hazard ratio for death , 0.33 ; 95 % CI , 0.22 to 0.50 ; P<0.001 ) . The incidence of any adverse event of grade 3 or higher was 78.5 % in the cetuximab group and 59.1 % in the group assigned to supportive care alone ( P<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Cetuximab improves overall survival and progression-free survival and preserves quality -of-life measures in patients with colorectal cancer in whom other treatments have failed . ( Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT00079066 [ Clinical Trials.gov ] . ) PURPOSE Erlotinib is a highly specific epidermal growth factor receptor ( HER1/EGFR ) tyrosine kinase inhibitor . This phase II study of erlotinib in patients with HER1/EGFR-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy evaluated tumor response , survival , and symptom improvement . PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients received an oral , continuous daily dose of 150 mg of erlotinib . Assessment s of objective response used WHO and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria . The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Question naire C30 , supplemented with a lung cancer module ,  Quality of Life Question naire LC13 , was used to measure health-related quality of life .  Additional analyses were performed to identify predictors of response and survival . RESULTS The objective response rate was 12.3 % ( 95 % CI , 5.1 % to 23.7 % ) . Responses were observed regardless of type or number of prior chemotherapy regimens . Median survival time was 8.4 months ( 95 % CI , 4.8 to 13.9 months ) , and the 1-year survival rate was 40 % ( 95 % CI , 28 % to 54 % ) . Erlotinib therapy was associated with tumor-related symptom improvement . The drug was well tolerated ; drug-related cutaneous rash and diarrhea were observed in 75 % and 56 % of patients , respectively . One patient experienced toxicity consisting of severe grade 3 rash and diarrhea . Time since diagnosis and good performance status were significant predictors of survival in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model , whereas HER1/EGFR staining intensity was not . Additionally , survival correlated with the occurrence and severity of rash . CONCLUSION Erlotinib was active and well tolerated in this patient population , and further clinical development is clearly warranted . Cutaneous rash seems to be a surrogate marker of clinical benefit , but this finding should be confirmed in ongoing and future studies 
    Output:
    
The occurrence of skin rash during treatment with cetuximab and panitumumab represents a significant predictor of the efficacy of these drugs .