***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: To study the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) with traumatized young women , 60 women between the ages of 16 and 25 were r and omly assigned to two sessions of either EMDR or an active listening ( AL ) control . Factorial ANOVA interaction effects and simple main effects for outcome measures ( Beck Depression Inventory , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder , Impact of Event Scale , Tennessee Self-Concept Scale ) indicated significant improvement for both groups and significantly greater pre-post change for EMDR-treated participants . Pre-post effect sizes for the EMDR group averaged 1.56 compared to 0.65 for the AL group . Despite treatment brevity , the posttreatment outcome variable means of EMDR-treated participants compared favorably with nonpatient or successfully treated norm groups on all measures IMPORTANCE The efficacy of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) treatments in psychosis has not been examined in a r and omized clinical trial to our knowledge . Psychosis is an exclusion criterion in most PTSD trials . OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure ( PE ) therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) therapy in patients with psychotic disorders and comorbid PTSD . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS A single-blind r and omized clinical trial with 3 arms ( N = 155 ) , including PE therapy , EMDR therapy , and waiting list ( WL ) of 13 outpatient mental health services among patients with a lifetime psychotic disorder and current chronic PTSD . Baseline , posttreatment , and 6-month follow-up assessment s were made . INTERVENTIONS Participants were r and omized to receive 8 weekly 90-minute sessions of PE ( n = 53 ) , EMDR ( n = 55 ) , or WL ( n = 47 ) . St and ard protocol s were used , and treatment was not preceded by stabilizing psychotherapeutic interventions . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinician-rated severity of PTSD symptoms , PTSD diagnosis , and full remission ( on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale ) were primary outcomes . Self-reported PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic cognitions were secondary outcomes . RESULTS Data were analyzed as intent to treat with linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations . Participants in the PE and EMDR conditions showed a greater reduction of PTSD symptoms than those in the WL condition . Between-group effect sizes were 0.78 ( P < .001 ) in PE and 0.65 ( P = .001 ) in EMDR . Participants in the PE condition ( 56.6 % ; odds ratio [ OR ] , 3.41 ; P = .006 ) or the EMDR condition ( 60.0 % ; OR , 3.92 ; P < .001 ) were significantly more likely to achieve loss of diagnosis during treatment than those in the WL condition ( 27.7 % ) . Participants in the PE condition ( 28.3 % ; OR , 5.79 ; P = .01 ) , but not those in the EMDR condition ( 16.4 % ; OR , 2.87 ; P = .10 ) , were more likely to gain full remission than those in the WL condition ( 6.4 % ) . Treatment effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up in PE and EMDR . Similar results were obtained regarding secondary outcomes . There were no differences in severe adverse events between conditions ( 2 in PE , 1 in EMDR , and 4 in WL ) . The PE therapy and EMDR therapy showed no difference in any of the outcomes and no difference in participant dropout ( 24.5 % in PE and 20.0 % in EMDR , P = .57 ) . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE St and ard PE and EMDR protocol s are effective , safe , and feasible in patients with PTSD and severe psychotic disorders , including current symptoms . A priori exclusion of individuals with psychosis from evidence -based PTSD treatments may not be justifiable . TRIAL REGISTRATION is rct n.com Identifier : IS RCT N79584912 BACKGROUND Previous research indicates a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and depression among refugees .  Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) is an effective treatment for PTSD for victims of natural disasters , car accidents or other traumatic events . The current study examined the effect of EMDR on symptoms of PTSD and depression by comparing the treatment with a wait-list control condition in Syrian refugees . METHOD Adult refugees located in Kilis Refugee Camp at the Turkish-Syrian border with a PTSD diagnosis were r and omly allocated to either EMDR  ( n = 37 ) or wait-list control  ( n = 33 ) conditions . All participants were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus at pre-intervention , at 1 week after finishing the intervention and at 5 weeks after finishing the intervention . The main outcome measures were the Harvard Trauma Question naire ( HTQ ) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised . The Beck Depression Inventory and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 were included as secondary outcome measures . The Trial Registration no. is NCT01847742 . RESULTS Mixed-model analyses adjusted for the baseline scores indicated a significant effect of group at post-treatment indicating that the EMDR therapy group showed a significantly larger reduction of PTSD symptoms as assessed with the HTQ . Similar findings were found on the other outcome measures . There was no effect of time or group × time interaction on any measure , showing that the difference between the groups at the post-treatment was maintained to the 5-week follow-up . CONCLUSIONS EMDR may be effective in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms among Syrian refugees with PTSD located in a refugee camp OBJECTIVE The relative short-term efficacy and long-term benefits of pharmacologic versus psychotherapeutic interventions have not been studied for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . This study compared the efficacy of a selective serotonin reup-take inhibitor ( SSRI ) , fluoxetine , with a psychotherapeutic treatment , eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) , and pill placebo and measured maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up . METHOD Eighty-eight PTSD subjects diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were r and omly assigned to EMDR , fluoxetine , or pill placebo . They received 8 weeks of treatment and were assessed by blind raters posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up . The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale , DSM-IV version , and the secondary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II . The study ran from July 2000 through July 2003 . RESULTS The psychotherapy intervention was more successful than pharmacotherapy in achieving sustained reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms , but this benefit accrued primarily for adult-onset trauma survivors . At 6-month follow-up , 75.0 % of adult-onset versus 33.3 % of child-onset trauma subjects receiving EMDR achieved asymptomatic end-state functioning compared with none in the fluoxetine group . For most childhood-onset trauma patients , neither treatment produced complete symptom remission . CONCLUSIONS This study supports the efficacy of brief EMDR treatment to produce substantial and sustained reduction of PTSD and depression in most victims of adult-onset trauma . It suggests a role for SSRIs as a reliable first-line intervention to achieve moderate symptom relief for adult victims of childhood-onset trauma . Future research should assess the impact of lengthier intervention , combination treatments , and treatment sequencing on the resolution of PTSD in adults with childhood-onset trauma Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) is a new method developed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims . Twenty-one subjects were entered , and 18 completed . Treatment was delivered in four weekly individual sessions . Assessment s were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition . Measures included st and ard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales . Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects , leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study BACKGROUND Unanswered questions from controlled studies of posttraumatic stress disorder concern the value of cognitive restructuring alone without prolonged exposure therapy and whether its combination with prolonged exposure is enhancing . METHODS In a controlled study , 87 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder of at least 6 months ' duration were r and omly assigned to have 10 sessions of 1 of 4 treatments : prolonged exposure ( imaginal and live ) alone ; cognitive restructuring alone ; combined prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring ; or relaxation without prolonged exposure or cognitive restructuring . RESULTS Integrity of audiotaped treatment sessions was satisfactory when rated by an assessor unaware of the treatment assignment . Seventy-seven patients completed treatment . The pattern of results was similar regardless of rater , statistical method , measure , occasion , and therapist . Exposure and cognitive restructuring , singly or combined , improved posttraumatic stress disorder markedly on a broad front . Gains continued to 6-month follow-up and were significantly greater than the moderate improvement from relaxation . CONCLUSION Both prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring were each therapeutic on their own , were not mutually enhancing when combined , and were each superior to relaxation OBJECTIVE This study was design ed to explore the acceptability , feasibility , and initial efficacy of a new shelter-based treatment for victims of intimate partner violence ( IPV ; i.e. , Helping to Overcome PTSD through Empowerment [ HOPE ] ) . METHOD A Phase I r and omized clinical trial comparing  HOPE ( n = 35 ) with  st and ard shelter services ( SSS ) ( n = 35 ) was conducted . Primary outcome measures included the  Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale ( CAPS ; D. D. Blake et al. , 1995 ) and the Conflict Tactic Scales-Revised  ( M. A. Straus , S. L. Hamby , S. Boney-McCoy , & D. B. Sugarman , 1996 ) . Participants were followed at 1-week , 3- and 6-months postshelter . RESULTS Participants reported HOPE to be credible and indicated a high degree of satisfaction with treatment . Only 2 women withdrew from treatment . Both intent to treat ( ITT ) and minimal attendance ( MA ) analyses found that HOPE treatment relative to SSS was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of reabuse over the 6-month follow-up period ( OR = 5.1 , RR = 1.75 ; OR = 12.6 , RR = 3.12 , respectively ) . Results of hierarchical linear model analyses found a significant treatment effect for emotional numbing symptom severity in the ITT sample , t(67 ) = -2.046 , p < .05 , and significant treatment effects for effortful avoidance symptom severity , t(49 ) = -2.506 , p < .05 , and arousal symptom severity , t(49 ) = -2.04 , p < .05 , in the MA sample . Significant effects were also found for depression severity , empowerment , and social support . CONCLUSIONS Results support the acceptability and feasibility of HOPE and suggest that HOPE may be a promising treatment for IPV victims in shelter . However , results also suggest that modifications to HOPE may be required to improve treatment outcomes The effects of 3 90-min eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) treatment sessions on traumatic memories of 80 participants were studied . Participants were r and omly assigned to treatment or delayed-treatment conditions and to 1 of 5 licensed therapists trained in EMDR . Participants receiving EMDR showed decreases in presenting complaints and in anxiety and increases in positive cognition . Participants in the delayed-treatment condition showed no improvement on any of these measures across the 30 days before treatment , but after treatment participants in the delayed-treatment condition showed similar effects on all measures . The effects were maintained at 90-day follow-up This controlled study evaluated the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure ( PE ) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing ( EMDR ) compared to a no-treatment wait-list control ( WAIT ) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims ( n = 74 ) . Improvement in PTSD as assessed by blind independent assessors , depression , dissociation , and state anxiety was significantly greater in both the PE and EMDR group than the WAIT group ( n = 20 completers per group ) . PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change from baseline to either posttreatment or 6-month follow-up measurement for any quantitative scale The authors conducted a r and omized clinical trial of individual psychotherapy for women with posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) related to childhood sexual abuse ( n = 74 ) , comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) with a problem-solving therapy ( present-centered therapy ; PCT 
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This is despite the findings from an associated systematic review which concluded that EMDR leads to loss of PTSD diagnosis and symptom reduction .
Depression symptoms were also found to improve more with EMDR than control conditions .
In that review , EMDR was marked down on strength of evidence ( SOE ) for symptom reduction for PTSD .
Secondly , even if the original measure was chosen , we highlight inconsistencies with the way SOE was assessed for EMDR , CT , and CPT .
Including both studies results in st and ard mean difference and confidence intervals that were better for EMDR than for CPT or CT .