***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND  Postoperative surgical site infections are one of the most frequent complications after open abdominal surgery , and triclosan-coated sutures were developed to reduce their occurrence . The aim of the PROUD trial was to obtain reliable data for the effectiveness of triclosan-coated PDS Plus sutures for abdominal wall closure , compared with non-coated PDS II sutures , in the prevention of surgical site infections . METHODS This multicentre , r and omised controlled group-sequential superiority trial was done in 24 German hospitals . Adult patients ( aged ≥18 years ) who underwent elective midline abdominal laparotomy for any reason were eligible for inclusion . Exclusion criteria were impaired mental state , language problems , and participation in another intervention trial that interfered with the intervention or outcome of this trial . A central web-based r and omisation tool was used to r and omly assign eligible participants by permuted block r and omisation with a 1:1 allocation ratio and block size 4 before mass closure to either triclosan-coated sutures ( PDS Plus ) or uncoated sutures ( PDS II ) for abdominal fascia closure . The primary endpoint was the occurrence of superficial or deep surgical site infection according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria within 30 days after the operation . Patients , surgeons , and the outcome assessors were masked to group assignment . Interim and final analyses were by modified intention to treat . This trial is registered with the German Clinical Trials Register , number DRKS00000390 . FINDINGS Between April 7 , 2010 , and Oct 19 , 2012 , 1224 patients were r and omly assigned to intervention groups ( 607 to PDS Plus , and 617 to PDS II ) , of whom 1185 ( 587 PDS Plus and 598 PDS II ) were analysed by intention to treat . The study groups were well balanced in terms of patient and procedure characteristics . The occurrence of surgical site infections did not differ between the PDS Plus group ( 87 [ 14·8 % ] of 587 ) and the PDS II group ( 96 [ 16·1 % ] of 598 ; OR 0·91 , 95 % CI 0·66 - 1·25 ; p=0·64 ) . Serious adverse events also did not differ between the groups-146 of 583 ( 25·0 % ) patients treated with PDS Plus had at least one serious adverse event , compared with 138 of 602 ( 22·9 % ) patients treated with PDS II ; p=0·39 ) . INTERPRETATION Triclosan-coated PDS Plus did not reduce the occurrence of surgical site infection after elective midline laparotomy . Innovative , multifactorial strategies need to be developed and assessed in future trials to reduce surgical site infections . FUNDING Johnson & Johnson Medical Limited Background : The suturing technique and its associated complications could affect cosmetic outcome after facial surgery . Literature on this topic is limited . Objective : To compare the cosmetic results 12 months after treatment and complications associated with simple interrupted sutures ( SIS ) versus running subcuticular sutures ( RSS ) in facial surgery . Methods : A r and omized , controlled multicenter trial was performed . Adults receiving dermatologic surgery on the face were r and omized to receive SIS or RSS  for wound closure . The primary outcome was the overall opinion score on the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale ( POSAS ) 12 months after surgery . Secondary outcomes were the complication rates and scores according to alternative methods for assessment of cosmetic outcome . The observer of cosmetic outcome was blinded to treatment assignment . Results : 142 patients were r and omized to receive SIS  ( n = 73 ) or RSS ( n = 69 ) . Twelve months after surgery , the median score of the overall opinion on the POSAS was 2.0 ( range 1–8 ) according to the patients and 3.0 ( range 1–8 ) according to the observer in both groups . In the RSS group , hyper‐ or hypoesthesia was reported more often . Limitations : The cosmetic result was assessed by 1 observer . Conclusion : SIS and RSS in facial surgery result ed in comparable cosmetic outcomes . RSS  was more often associated with hyper‐ or hypoesthesia BACKGROUND Surgical site infections ( SSIs ) are a pervasive problem in surgery . Sutures coated or impregnated with triclosan might reduce the occurrence of SSIs , but evidence of their efficacy is limited , especially in children . METHODS We design ed a r and omised , double-blind , controlled trial in patients who underwent elective or daytime emergency surgery at Oulu University Hospital ( Oulu , Finl and ) . We included children younger than 18 years staying in the paediatric surgery and orthopaedics ward for any elective or emergency surgery during the daytime and with anticipated use of absorbing sutures . Children were r and omly allocated ( 1:1 ) to receive either triclosan-containing sutures or ordinary absorbing sutures . The primary outcome was the occurrence of superficial or deep surgical site infections according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria within 30 days after surgery . The primary analysis was with modified intention to treat . This trial is registered at Clinical Trials.gov , number NCT01220700 . FINDINGS Between September , 2010 , and December , 2014 , 1633 children were recruited . In the modified intention-to-treat group , SSIs occurred in 20 ( 3 % ) of 778 patients allocated to receive triclosan-containing sutures and in 42 ( 5 % ) of 779 patients allocated to receive control sutures ( risk ratio 0·48 , 95 % CI 0·28 - 0·80 ) . To prevent one SSI  , triclosan-containing sutures had to be used in 36 children ( 95 % CI 21 - 111 ) . One patient died from suspected mitochondrial disease ; no other expected or unexpected adverse events were reported in either of the groups . INTERPRETATION Use of triclosan-containing sutures effectively reduced the occurrence of all SSIs compared with normal sutures . The results accord with the results of meta-analyses of previous studies in adults . Use of triclosan-containing sutures is a simple way to reduce SSIs  in children . FUNDING The Alma and K A Snellman Foundation Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more A r and omized study of abdominal fascial closure using interrupted polyglyconate and polyglycolic acid sutures after laparotomy was carried out in 204 consecutive patients with suspected impaired wound healing . There were no statistically significant differences between the two sutures with regard to the development of fascial disruption and incisional hernia . Wound infection dem and ing surgical intervention was found in 7 per cent of patients with polyglyconate sutures and in 16 per cent of those with polyglycolic acid sutures ( P 0·04 ) . Monofilament polyglyconate suture does not reduce the incidence of fascial disruption and incisional hernia after laparotomy in patients with suspected impaired wound healing but the incidence of wound infection may be reduced compared with that of multifilament polyglycolic acid suture OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of new antibacterial suture ( Vicryl Plus ) compared with a traditional braided suture ( Vicryl ) in a clinical study . The primary goal was to study effectiveness on reduced surgical site infection in an appendectomy operation . The authors ' secondary goal was to analyze the safety and physical properties of Vicryl plus . MATERIAL AND METHOD This was a prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled , double blind , comparative , single-center study . After appendectomy was done , the patients were r and omized in two groups : Vicryl Plus and Vicryl to selected suture for suturing the abdominal sheath . The surgical site infection was evaluated for 30 days , 6 months , and 1 year . The surgeons and attending doctor were blind to the type of suture . This is the primary report of the first 100 patients . RESULTS There was no difference in demographic and preoperative clinical in both groups . Although there was no statistical difference in the surgical site infection of Vicryl and Vicryl Plus ( 8 and 10 % , p = 0.05 ) , one case of deep surgical site infection was detected in the Vicryl group . No complications and no difference in related suture material s were detected . CONCLUSION Coated polyglactin 910 with tricosan ( Vicryl Plus ) is safe and satisfactory in surgical practice . Surgical site infection of appendectomy seemed too to be comparable between coated polyglactin 910 with tricosan ( Vicryl Plus ) and traditional polyglactin 910 ( Vicryl ) group This study compared Triclosan coated polyglactin 910 ( Vicryl * Plus ) with polyglactin 910 ( Vicryl * ) on abdominal wall healing in colorectal surgery patients . 184 patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study . In 91 , the abdominal wall was closed with the Vicryl * Plus , and in 93 patients with Vicryl*.  Demographic characteristics , biochemical inflammatory parameters , wound appearance , length of hospital stay , postoperative wound complications and post-incisional hernia were recorded . In the Vicryl * Plus group there was a shorter hospital stay ( 13.2 + /- 1.3 days ; 21.4 + /- 2.8 respectively ) . In the Vicryl * Plus group inflammatory parameters decreased to normal within the first week whereas in the Vicryl * group remained increased . In the Vicryl * Plus group four patients had a wound discharge , seven had inflammatory reactions to the skin sutures . One dehiscence was noticed . In the Vicryl * group 12 patients had an SSI , 14 patients had inflammatory reactions to the skin sutures and 7 patients had a wound dehiscence . Closure of the abdominal wall using Vicryl * Plus decreases postoperative wound complications , length of hospital stay and is associated with a more rapid return of inflammatory markers to normal BACKGROUND Surgical site infection ( SSI ) remains the most frequent complication after colorectal resection . The role of sutures coated with antimicrobial agents such as triclosan in reducing SSI is controversial . METHODS This was a multi-center r and omized controlled trial with patients and outcome assessors blinded to treatment . The study was performed in four university referral hospitals . Patient c and i date s for elective colorectal resection were assigned r and omly to abdominal incision closure with polyglactin 910 triclosan-coated sutures ( triclosan group ) or with polyglactin 910 without triclosan ( control group ) . The primary outcome was the rate of SSI within 30 d after hospital discharge . The secondary outcomes were the overall rate of incision complications and length of hospital stay ( LOS ) . RESULTS Two hundred eighty-one patients ( triclosan group : 140 ; control group : 141 ) were analyzed after r and omization . The rate of SSI was 12.9 % ( 18/140 ) in the triclosan group versus 10.6 % ( 15/141 ) in the control group ( odds ratio : 1.24 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.60 - 2.57 ; p=0.564 ) . Secondary outcome analysis showed an overall incision complication rate of 38.3 % in the control group versus 45.7 % in the triclosan group ( odds ratio : 1.36 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.84 - 2.18 ; p=0.208 ) . Median LOS was 11 d in both groups ( p=0.55 ) . CONCLUSIONS Surgical sutures coated with triclosan do not appear to be effective in reducing the rate of SSI BACKGROUND A factor that may influence the incidence of surgical site infections ( SSIs ) is the suture used for closure of the abdominal wall because bacteria may adhere to the suture material . Sutures can be coated with antibacterial substances that may reduce the bacterial load in the incision . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of triclosan-coated sutures used in abdominal wall closure in patients with fecal peritonitis . METHODS A r and omized study was performed . Inclusion criteria were intra-operative diagnosis of fecal peritonitis secondary to acute diverticulitis perforation , neoplastic tumor perforation , or colorectal anastomotic leak of previous elective colorectal resection . The patients were r and omly assigned to either abdominal wall closure with triclosan-coated sutures ( group 1 ) or sutures without triclosan ( group 2 ) . RESULTS Fifty patients were included in group 1 and 51 in group 2 . The incisional SSI rate was 10 % in group 1 and 35.3 % in group 2 ( p=0.004 ; odds ratio [OR]=0.204 ; 95 % confidence interval [ 
    Output:
    
Conclusion Antimicrobial-coated sutures are significantly more efficacious for preventing SSIs during digestive and colorectal surgery , even when restricted to clean-contaminated wounds .
However , the hospital stay length was not affected