***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Research has shown that mindfulness-based treatment interventions may be effective for a range of mental and physical health disorders in adult population s , but little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions for treating adolescent conditions . The present r and omized clinical trial was design ed to assess the effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) program for adolescents age 14 to 18 years with heterogeneous diagnoses in an outpatient psychiatric facility ( intent-to-treat N = 102 ) . Relative to treatment-as-usual control participants , those receiving MBSR self-reported reduced symptoms of anxiety , depression , and somatic distress , and increased self-esteem and sleep quality . Of clinical significance , the MBSR group showed a higher percentage of diagnostic improvement over the 5-month study period and significant increases in global assessment of functioning scores relative to controls , as rated by condition-naïve clinicians . These results were found in both completer and intent-to-treat sample s. The findings provide evidence that MBSR may be a beneficial adjunct to outpatient mental health treatment for adolescents OBJECTIVE This r and omized controlled investigation examined the effectiveness of a self-help bibliotherapy format of the evidence -based mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) intervention . METHOD College students seeking stress reduction were r and omly assigned to a 10-week MBSR bibliotherapy intervention group ( n = 47 ) or a  no-treatment control group ( n = 45 ) . Self-report measures were collected at baseline and postintervention . RESULTS A total of 25 bibliotherapy and 43 control group participants provided final data following the intervention period . Compared to the control group , bibliotherapy participants reported increased mindfulness following the intervention . Significant decreases on measures of depression , anxiety , stress , perceived stress , and anxiety sensitivity also were reported postintervention as well as increased quality of life in physical health , psychological , and environmental domains . No statistically significant group effects were found for social relationships quality of life domain , worry , and experiential avoidance measures . CONCLUSION This MBSR workbook may provide an acceptable and effective alternative for motivated individuals seeking to reduce stress , at least for a select group of individuals who are willing and able to sustain participation in the intervention AIM Children and adolescents with bipolar parents have an elevated risk for anxiety disorders . However , antidepressant medications commonly used to treat symptoms of anxiety may accelerate the onset of mania in these already at-risk youth . Therefore , studies evaluating innovative non-pharmacologic treatments for anxiety in this population are urgently needed . METHODS Subjects participated in 12 weekly sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children ( MBCT-C ) , a manualized group psychotherapeutic intervention utilizing cognitive behavioural principles and mindfulness exercises to increase regulation of attention and non-judgmental acceptance of present moment thoughts , emotions and experiences . Independent raters administered symptoms rating scales prior to each treatment session . Spearman correlations and paired- sample s signed rank tests were used to examine outcomes . After-intervention surveys and session transcripts were review ed to assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention . RESULTS Participants included 10 youth ( meanage = 13.2 ; 80 % girls ; 40 % biracial ) with generalized , social and /or separation anxiety disorders , and a parent with bipolar disorder .  Clinician-rated anxiety was significantly reduced after intervention ( meanbefore = 11.1 ; meanafter = 4.3 ; P < 0.01 ) , as well as youth-rated trait anxiety ( P = 0.03 ) . Parent-rated emotion regulation significantly increased from before to after intervention ( P = 0.05 ) . Increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in anxiety ( P = 0.03 ) . Finally , children and parents/guardians reported high levels of feasibility , acceptability and usefulness of the intervention . CONCLUSION Findings support the feasibility , acceptability and preliminary efficacy of MBCT-C for treating anxiety in youth at risk for bipolar disorder . Future controlled and larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that mindfulness meditation effectively reduced stress-related anxiety and depression symptoms , but no research has evaluated the efficacy of mindfulness meditation in nurses and nursing students in China . OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on the anxiety and depression symptoms and autonomic nervous system activity in Chinese nursing students . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . SETTING A medical university in Guangzhou , China . PARTICIPANTS One hundred and five nursing students were r and omly approached by email and seventy-two responded . Sixty recruited students were r and omized into meditation and  control group ( n=30 each ) after screening and exclusion due to factors known to influence mood ratings and autonomic nervous system measures . METHODS The meditation group performed mindfulness meditation 30 min daily for 7 consecutive days . The control group received no intervention except pre-post treatment measurements . The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were administered to participants , and heart rate and blood pressure were measured . Pre- and post-treatment data were analyzed using repeated- measures analysis of variance . RESULTS Differences between pre- and post-treatment Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were significantly larger in the meditation group than in the control group , but no similar effect was observed for Self-Rating Depression Scale scores . Systolic blood pressure was reduced more after the intervention in the meditation group than in the control group , with an average reduction of 2.2 mmHg . A moderate level of anxiety was associated with the maximum meditation effect . CONCLUSIONS Brief mindfulness meditation was beneficial for Chinese nursing students in reducing anxiety symptoms and lowering systolic blood pressure . Individuals with moderate anxiety are most likely to benefit from a short-term mindfulness meditation program The inability to cope successfully with the enormous stress of medical education may lead to a cascade of consequences at both a personal and professional level . The present study examined the short-term effects of an 8-week meditation-based stress reduction intervention on premedical and medical students using a well-controlled statistical design . Findings indicate that participation in the intervention can effectively ( 1 ) reduce self-reported state and trait anxiety , ( 2 ) reduce reports of overall psychological distress including depression , ( 3 ) increase scores on overall empathy levels , and ( 4 ) increase scores on a measure of spiritual experiences assessed at termination of intervention . These results ( 5 ) replicated in the wait-list control group , ( 6 ) held across different experiments , and ( 7 ) were observed during the exam period . Future research should address potential long-term effects of mindfulness training for medical and premedical students Adolescents with cardiac diagnoses face unique challenges that can cause psychosocial distress . This study compares a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction ( MBSR ) program to a video online support group for adolescents with cardiac diagnoses .  MBSR is a structured psycho-educational program which includes yoga , meditation , cognitive restructuring , and group support . A published feasibility study by our group showed significant reduction in anxiety following this intervention . Participants were r and omized to MBSR or video online support group  , and completed measures of anxiety , depression , illness-related stress , and coping pre- and post-6-session interventions . Qualitative data were obtained from post-intervention interviews . A total of 46 teens participated ( mean 14.8 years ; 63 % female ) . Participants had congenital heart disease and /or cardiac device ( 52 % ) , or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome ( 48 % ) .  Illness-related stress significantly decreased in both groups . Greater use of coping skills predicted lower levels of depression in both groups post- study completion . Higher baseline anxiety/depression scores predicted improved anxiety/depression scores in both groups . Each group reported the benefits of social support . The MBSR group further expressed benefits of learning specific techniques , strategies , and skills that they applied in real-life situations to relieve distress . Both the MBSR intervention and video support group were effective in reducing distress in this sample . Qualitative data eluci date d the added benefits of using MBSR techniques to manage stress and symptoms . The video group format is useful for teens that can not meet in person but can benefit from group support . Psychosocial interventions with stress management techniques and /or group support can reduce distress in adolescents with cardiac diagnoses Major Depressive Disorder ( MDD ) manifests in 20 - 30 % of college students , with increased incidence in recent decades . Very limited research has assessed the efficacy of evidence -based interventions for MDD in college students .  Mindfulness-Based Therapy ( MBT ) and Behavioral Activation ( BA ) are two interventions with significant potential to meet dem and s of college counseling clinics and effectively treat college students with MDD . This study utilized a r and omized controlled research design ( n = 50 ) to examine the efficacy of four-sessions of abbreviated MBT and BA relative to a wait-list control condition with depressed college students . Intent-to-treat data analyses on depression outcome measures suggested both treatments were superior to the control group . There were significant pre-post treatment improvements across measures of depression , rumination , stress , and mindfulness , gains largely maintained at 1-month follow-up . Neither active treatment effectively reduced somatic anxiety . Both treatments generally had moderate-strong effect sizes relative to the control group , and based on depression response and remission criteria , 56 - 79 % of patients exhibited clinical ly significant improvement . Based on reliable change indices , 75 - 85 % experienced clinical ly significant reductions in depression . There was strong therapist competence and adherence to treatment protocol s and high patient satisfaction with both interventions . Study limitations and implication s for the assessment and treatment of depressed college students are discussed BACKGROUND Nursing students often experience depression , anxiety , stress and decreased mindfulness which may decrease their patient care effectiveness . Mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) effectively reduced depression , anxiety and stress , and increased mindfulness in previous research with other population s , but there is sparse evidence regarding its effectiveness for nursing students in Korea . OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of MBSR on depression , anxiety , stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . PARTICIPANTS / SETTING Fifty ( 50 ) nursing students at KN University College of Nursing in South Korea were r and omly assigned to two groups . Data from 44 students , MBSR ( n=21 ) and a wait list ( WL ) control ( n=23 ) were analyzed . METHODS The MBSR group practice d mindfulness meditation for 2 h every week for 8 weeks . The WL group did not receive MBSR intervention . St and ardized self-administered question naires of depression , anxiety , stress and mindfulness were administered at the baseline prior to the MBSR program and at completion ( at 8 weeks ) . RESULTS Compared with WL participants , MBSR participants reported significantly greater decreases in depression , anxiety and stress , and greater increase in mindfulness . CONCLUSION A program of MBSR was effective when it was used with nursing students in reducing measures of depression , anxiety and stress , and increasing their mindful awareness .  MBSR shows promise for use with nursing students to address their experience of mild depression , anxiety and stress , and to increase mindfulness in academic and clinical work , warranting further study Anxiety , depression and eating disorders show peak emergence during adolescence and share common risk factors . School-based prevention programs provide a unique opportunity to access a broad spectrum of the population during a key developmental window , but to date , no program targets all three conditions concurrently . Mindfulness has shown promising early results across each of these psychopathologies in a small number of controlled trials in schools , and therefore this study investigated its use in a r and omised controlled design targeting anxiety , depression and eating disorder risk factors together for the first time . Students ( M age 13.63 ; SD = .43 ) from a broad b and of socioeconomic demographics received the  eight lesson  , once weekly.b ( " Dot be " ) mindfulness in schools curriculum ( N = 132 ) or normal lessons ( N = 176 ) . Anxiety , depression , weight/shape concerns and wellbeing were the primary outcome factors . Although acceptability measures were high , no significant improvements were found on any outcome at post-intervention or 3-month follow-up . Adjusted mean differences between groups at post-intervention were .03 ( 95 % CI : -.06 to -.11 ) for depression , .01 ( -.07 to -.09 ) for anxiety , .02 ( -.05 to -.08 ) for weight/shape concerns , and .06 ( -.08 to -.21 ) for wellbeing . Anxiety was higher in the mindfulness than the control group at follow-up for males , and those of both genders with low baseline levels of weight/shape concerns or depression . Factors that may be important to address for effective dissemination of mindfulness-based interventions in schools are discussed . Further research is required to identify active ingredients and optimal dose in mindfulness-based interventions in school setting This study examined the effectiveness of a stress coping program based on mindfulness meditation on the stress , anxiety , and depression experienced by nursing students in Korea . A nonequivalent , control group , pre-posttest design was used . A convenience sample of 41 nursing students were r and omly assigned to experimental ( n=21 ) and control groups ( n=20 ) . Stress was measured with the PWI-SF ( 5-point ) developed by Chang . Anxiety was measured with Spieberger 's state anxiety inventory . Depression was measured with the Beck 
    Output:
    
Meta-regression found that the average treatment effect might be moderated by control condition , treatment duration , and participants ' baseline depression .
Conclusion : MBSR had moderate effects in reducing depression in young people at posttest .