***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose The study was focused on the influence of the kinesitherapy on fatigue and the quality of life in the terminal hospice cancer patients . Patients and methods Forty-nine patients were included into the study and divided into experimental group A ( with kinesitherapy ) with 30 subjects and  control group B ( without kinesitherapy ) with 19 subjects . Patients from group A did the exercises three times a week , for 20–30 min , for the period of 3–4 weeks . The exercises were individually supervised by a physiotherapist , following a carefully worked out pattern . In both groups , the changes in the intensity of fatigue and the quality of life were observed by means of using Rotterdam symptom checklist , brief fatigue inventory , and visual analogue fatigue scale . Results In group A , the intensity of fatigue decreased significantly after 3 weeks of kinesitherapy . In group B , fatigue deteriorated significantly in comparison with the initial measurement . The intensity of physical symptoms in group A decreased significantly after 2 weeks of kinesitherapy , whereas in group B , increased after 2 weeks of observation . The quality of life in group A remained stable throughout the study . A tendency towards the deterioration of the quality of life with the time passing in group B was noticeable . Conclusion Our analysis showed that , on average , after 3 weeks of kinesitherapy , a significant decrease of the intensity of fatigue was observed , while in the control group , it increased after 2 weeks of observation . The obtained results provide evidence that a planned set of exercises decreases cancer-related fatigue effectively Until now , little research has been conducted examining the reactive dimension , or the degree to which a symptom limits an individual 's life , in a multiplicity of symptoms . This research examines how problem-solving therapy organizes an intervention to decrease symptom limitations . The purpose was threefold : to determine if a cognitive behavioral intervention decreases the impact of symptom limitations among individuals newly diagnosed with cancer , who are receiving chemotherapy ; to determine , after adjusting for covariates , how symptom limitations change over time ; and to describe which symptoms are most limiting . This r and omized control trial was conducted in two comprehensive and four community cancer centers . Two hundred thirty-seven individuals , aged 31 - 87 , newly diagnosed with solid tumor cancers , participated . The experimental group ( 118 individuals ) received a 10-contact , 18-week cognitive behavioral intervention focused on cancer- and chemotherapy-related symptoms . The control group ( 119 individuals ) received conventional care . Interviews occurred at baseline , 10 , 20 , and 32 weeks . Data analysis used a two-level hierarchical linear model . Participants receiving the cognitive behavioral intervention had lower scores of symptom limitation than did participants in the control group . At the onset of the study , younger patients reported more symptom limitations than their older counterparts ; however , this was reversed by the end of the study . The cognitive behavioral intervention was key to decreasing symptom limitations . Findings also suggest that nursing interventions may be particularly helpful to younger individuals in managing cancer-related symptom limitations OBJECTIVE Head and neck cancer ( HNC ) patients have a high incidence of cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and other anxiety and depressive disorders . We report the results from the first pilot r and omized controlled trial in which the efficacy of an early cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) program was compared with a non-directive supportive counseling ( SC ) intervention in reducing PTSD , general anxiety and depressive symptoms , and improving perceived quality of life in newly diagnosed , distressed HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy . PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five HNC patients ( mean age=54.8 years ; 80 % males ) with elevated levels of PTSD , depression or anxiety were r and omized to seven individual sessions of a multi-modal CBT or non-directive SC , concurrent with patients ' radiotherapy . The SC intervention provided non-directive counseling support .  PTSD , anxiety and depressive symptoms ( primary outcomes ) , and cancer-related appraisal s and quality of life ( secondary outcomes ) were assessed pre-intervention ( baseline ) , 1 month , 6 months and 12 months post-intervention by diagnostic clinical interviews and vali date d self-report question naires . RESULTS The CBT and SC interventions were found to be equal in their effects in reducing PTSD and anxiety symptoms both in the short and longer term . However , up to 67 % of patients in the CBT program no longer met clinical or sub- clinical PTSD , anxiety and /or depression by 12 months post-treatment compared with 25 % of patients who received SC . CONCLUSION Findings indicate that the early provision of psychotherapy has utility in reducing PTSD , anxiety and depressive symptoms , and preventing chronic psychopathology in distressed HNC patients Background Many patients with cancer experience depression and anxiety , and an associated decrease in quality of life ( QOL ) during radiation therapy ( RT ) . The main objective of the study was to determine the benefits of psychosocial interventions for cancer patients who received RT .  Methods Patients with cancer ( n = 178 ) who agreed to participate in the study were r and omized to the intervention arm ( n = 89 ) or the control arm ( n = 89 ) . Patients in the intervention group received psychosocial care during RT , whereas the control group received RT only . The benefits of the intervention were evaluated using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale ( SDS ) to measure depression , the Self-rating Anxiety Scale ( SAS ) to assess anxiety , and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Question naire-Core 30 ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) to survey health-related QOL . The association between intervention and survival was also assessed . Results Patients r and omly assigned to the intervention arm showed significant improvements on symptoms of depression ( p < 0.05 ) and anxiety ( p < 0.05 ) , health-related QOL ( p < 0.05 ) ( i.e. better global health status , and physical and emotional functioning , and less insomnia ) when compared with controls . In the subset analysis , female patients , those that received high dose irradiation , and those that underwent adjuvant chemotherapy could benefit more from psychosocial intervention . There was no difference between the two groups in disease-free survival ( DFS ) ( 2-year DFS 79.8 % in the intervention arm and 76.4 % in the control arm ; p = 0.527 ) and overall survival ( OS ) ( 2-year OS 83.1 % in the intervention arm and 84.3 % in the control arm ; p = 0.925 ) Conclusions Psychosocial intervention is a cost-effective approach that can improve a patient ’s mood and QOL both during and after RT . However , the intervention was not found to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and death . Trial registration OBJECTIVE Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy  often experience functional effects of treatment that limit participation in life activities . The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of conducting a r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) of a novel intervention for these restrictions , determine acceptability of the intervention , and preliminarily assess its effects . METHODS A pilot RCT of a telephone-delivered Problem-solving and Occupational Therapy intervention ( PST-OT ) to improve participation restrictions in rural breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy . Thirty-one participants with Stages 1 - 3 breast cancer were r and omized to 6 weekly sessions of PST-OT ( n = 15 ) and usual care ( n = 16 ) . The primary study outcome was the feasibility of conducting the trial . Secondary outcomes were functional , quality of life and emotional status as assessed at baseline , 6 and 12 weeks . RESULTS Of 46 patients referred 31 were enrolled ( 67 % recruitment rate ) , of which 6 participants withdrew ( 81 % retention rate ) . Twenty-four participants completed all study -related assessment s ( 77 % ) . Ninety-two percent of PST-OT participants were highly satisfied with the intervention , and 92 % reported PST-OT to be helpful/very helpful for overcoming participation restrictions . Ninety-seven percent of planned PST-OT treatment sessions were completed . Completion rates for PST-OT homework tasks were high . Measures of functioning , quality of life , and emotional state favored the PST-OT condition . CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that an RCT of the PST-OT intervention is feasible to conduct with rural breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy  and that PST-OT may have positive effects on function , quality of life , and emotional state PURPOSE / OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a rehabilitation program on quality of life , fatigue , fear of movement ( kinesiophobia ) , distress , anxiety , depression , and physical condition . DESIGN Pretest/post-test . SETTING An outpatient rehabilitation setting in the Oncology Centre at the University Hospital Brussels in Belgium . SAMPLE 36 patients who had completed cancer treatment with a curative potential . METHODS Participants completed a question naire and underwent a physical test at baseline and at the end of the program . The measurement instruments used included the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality -of-Life Question naire-Core 30 , Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale , R AND -36 , Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia , Distress Barometer , and Tecumseh Step Test . MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Quality of life , fatigue , kinesiophobia , distress , anxiety , depression , and physical condition . FINDINGS Significant improvement was observed in quality of life ( p < 0.001 ) , physical condition ( p = 0.007 ) , fatigue ( p = 0.01 ) , and depression ( p = 0.012 ) . In contrast , kinesiophobia ( p = 0.229 ) , distress ( p = 0.344 ) , and anxiety ( p = 0.101 ) did not change significantly . CONCLUSIONS A general and significant improvement in all aspects affecting quality of life and rehabilitation was observed , but less so for aspects that might be influenced by prognostic concerns . The relative contribution of the program versus spontaneous recovery and long-term impact need to be determined further in a prospect i ve r and omized study . IMPLICATION S FOR NURSING Multidisciplinary rehabilitation should become part of the total care plan for patients with cancer CONTEXT There is a little information about effective psychotherapies to enhance the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients . OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of a one-week Short-Term Life Review for the enhancement of spiritual well-being , using a r and omized controlled trial . The secondary aim was to assess the effect of this therapy on anxiety and depression , suffering , and elements of a good death . METHODS The subjects were 68 terminally ill cancer patients r and omly allocated to a Short-Term Life- Review interview group or a control group . The patients completed question naires pre- and post-treatment , including the meaning of life domain from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual ( FACIT-Sp ) scale , the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) , a numeric scale for psychological suffering , and items from the Good Death Inventory ( Hope , Burden , Life Completion , and Preparation ) . RESULTS The FACIT-Sp , Hope , Life Completion , and Preparation scores in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement compared with those of the control group ( FACIT-Sp , P<0.001 ; Hope , P<0.001 ; Life Completion , P<0.001 ; and Preparation , P<0.001 ) . HADS , Burden , and Suffering scores in the intervention group also had suggested greater alleviation of suffering compared with the control group ( HADS , P<0.001 ; Burden , P<0.007 ; Suffering , P<0.001 ) . CONCLUSION We conclude that the Short-Term Life Review is effective in improving the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients , and alleviating psychosocial distress and promoting a good death Background : Individuals with cancer receiving chemotherapy suffer deterioration in physical functioning due to symptoms arising from the cancer disease process and its treatment . Objectives : To determine if age , chronic health conditions ( comorbidity ) , stage of cancer , depressive symptomatology , symptom limitations , sex , and site of cancer moderate the effects of cognitive behavioral intervention on physical function and to determine if symptom limitations mediate the effect of the intervention on physical functioning . Methods : Two hundred thirty-seven individuals with solid tumor cancer ( 118 experimental and 119 control group ) participated in this 10-contact , 18-week r and omized control trial . Cognitive behavioral theory guided the nurse-delivered problem-solving experimental intervention . The control group received conventional care . Interviews occurred at baseline and 10 , 20 , and 32 weeks . Results : Women with breast cancer had significantly better physical functioning than women with lung cancer . Chronic health conditions , symptom limitation , and depressive symptomatology at baseline were found to moderate the effect of intervention on physical function . Symptom limitation , however , was not found to mediate the effect of intervention on physical functioning . Discussion : The intervention was shown to affect physical function trajectories differently for individuals with different personal and health characteristics . Because poor physical functioning is strongly associated with mortality and poor quality of life , this information may be used by health professionals to target interventions to those who might be most responsive OBJECTIVE Major depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among breast cancer patients and is associated with substantial impairment . Although some research has explored the utility of psychotherapy with breast cancer patients , only 2 small trials have investigated the potential benefits of behavior 
    Output:
    
Strong evidence indicates that multidisciplinary rehabilitation benefits cancer survivors and that psychosocial strategies can reduce anxiety and depression .
Moderate evidence indicates that interventions can support survivors in returning to the level of sexuality desired and help with return to work .