***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To evaluate aripiprazole once-monthly ( AOM ) , a long-acting injectable suspension of aripiprazole , as acute treatment in patients with schizophrenia ( DSM-IV-TR ) . METHOD Adults experiencing an acute psychotic episode were r and omized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with  AOM 400 mg or placebo ( October 2012-August 2013 ) . The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline to endpoint ( week 10 ) in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) total score . The key secondary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale ( CGI-S ) score . Secondary efficacy outcomes included change from baseline in PANSS positive and negative subscale and Personal and Social Performance Scale ( PSP ) scores . The study took place from October 2012 through August 2013 . RESULTS Patients ( N = 340 ; 79 % male , 66 % black ) were r and omized to AOM ( n = 168 ) or placebo ( n = 172 ) . Least squares ( LS ) mean change from baseline to endpoint ( week 10 ) favored AOM versus placebo in PANSS total ( treatment difference , -15.1 [ 95 % CI , -19.4 to -10.8 ] ; P < .0001 ) and CGI-S ( treatment difference , -0.8 [ 95 % CI , -1.1 to -0.6 ] ; P < .0001 ) scores , as it did at all other timepoints through 12 weeks ( all P ≤ .0005 ) . LS mean change from baseline in PANSS positive and negative subscale and PSP scores favored AOM versus placebo ( P < .0001 ) . Common ( > 10 % ) treatment-emergent adverse events  ( AOM vs. placebo ) were increased weight ( 16.8 % vs 7.0 % ) , headache ( 14.4 % vs. 16.3 % ) , and akathisia ( 11.4 % vs 3.5 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Symptoms and functioning improved with AOM 400 mg versus placebo in patients with acute schizophrenia , with acceptable safety and tolerability . These data suggest that AOM 400 mg is a viable treatment option for patients experiencing an acute schizophrenia episode . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT01663532 BACKGROUND Persons with schizophrenia often come in contact with the criminal justice system ( CJS ) . This analysis of subjects with schizophrenia and a history of contact with the CJS estimated and compared mean cumulative function ( MCF ) of treatment failure events when treated with paliperidone palmitate ( PP ) or oral antipsychotics ( OAs ) . All events identified during the full study period of the Paliperidone Palmitate Research in Demonstrating Effectiveness ( PRIDE ) trial were evaluated . METHODS Subjects were r and omly assigned to flexibly dosed , monthly , injectable PP ( 78 - 234 mg ) or daily OA in a 15-month prospect i ve , open-label , multicenter US study ( May 5 , 2010-December 9 , 2013 ) . Subjects could continue participation after a treatment failure event . Multiple treatment failures in individual subjects were analyzed as recurrent events . Analyses estimated MCF of treatment failure events and MCF of institutionalizations ( arrests , incarcerations , or psychiatric hospitalizations ) during the 15-month study period . RESULTS The ITT population included 226 ( PP ) and 218 ( OA ) subjects , of whom 41.2 % and 40.4 % , respectively , completed 15 months of follow-up .  The MCF of treatment failures and institutionalizations differed significantly in favor of PP compared with OA ( P=0.007 and P=0.005 , respectively ) . Overall , TEAEs were reported by 86.3 % of subjects in the PP group and 81.7 % in the OA group . CONCLUSIONS This pragmatic analysis suggests that , compared with OA , PP is not only more effective in delaying median time to treatment failure , but it also reduces the number of treatment failures and institutionalizations per person-year follow-up . CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov identifier : NCT01157351 Abstract Background QUALIFY was a 28-week , r and omized , open-label , head-to-head trial that assessed improvements across multiple measures in stable patients with schizophrenia with aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg vs paliperidone palmitate . Methods Secondary effectiveness assessment s included physician-rated readiness for work using the Work Readiness Question naire , the Clinical Global Impression – Severity and Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scales , and quality of life with the rater-blinded Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale . Patients assessed their treatment satisfaction and quality of life with Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment−short version and Tolerability and  Quality  of Life question naires . Results Odds of being ready for work at week 28 were significantly higher with aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg vs paliperidone palmitate ( adjusted odds ratio , 2.67 ; 95 % CI , 1.39−5.14 ; P=.003 ) . Aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg produced numerically or significantly greater improvements from baseline vs paliperidone palmitate in all Quality of Life Scale items . With aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg vs paliperidone palmitate at week 28 , there were significantly more Clinical Global Impression – Severity and Clinical Global Impression – Improvement responders ( adjusted odds ratio , 2.26 ; P=.010 , and 2.51 ; P=.0032 ) and significantly better Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scores ( least squares mean treatment difference , −0.326 ; 95 % CI , −0.60 to −0.05 ; P=.020 ) . Numerically larger improvements with aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg vs paliperidone palmitate were observed for patient-rated scales Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment−short version and Tolerability and Quality of Life . Partial correlations were strongest among clinician-rated and among patient-rated scales but poorest between clinician and patient-rated scales . Conclusions Consistently greater improvements were observed with aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg vs paliperidone palmitate across all measures . Partial correlations between scales demonstrate the multidimensionality of various measures of improvement . More patients on aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg were deemed ready to work by the study end . Trial registry National Institutes of Health registry , NCT01795547 , https:// clinical trials.gov/ct2/ results ? id = NCT01795547 OBJECTIVE To directly compare aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg ( AOM 400 ) and paliperidone palmitate once-monthly ( PP ) on the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality -of-Life Scale ( QLS ) , a vali date d health-related quality of life and functioning measure in schizophrenia . METHOD This 28-week , r and omized , non-inferiority , open-label , rater-blinded , head-to-head study ( QUALIFY ) of AOM 400 and PP in adult patients ( 18 - 60 years ) comprised oral conversion , initiation of AOM 400 or PP treatment , and continuation with intramuscular injections every 4weeks . The primary endpoint assessed non-inferiority and superiority on QLS total score analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measurements . RESULTS Of 295 r and omized patients , 100/148 ( 67.6 % ) of AOM 400 and 83/147 ( 56.5 % ) of PP patients completed 28weeks of treatment . A statistically significant least squares mean difference in change from baseline to week 28 on QLS total score ( 4.67 [ 95%CI : 0.32;9.02 ] , p=0.036 ) confirmed non-inferiority and established superiority of AOM 400 vs PP . There were also significant improvements in Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale and the Investigator 's Assessment Question naire for AOM 400 vs PP , and pre-defined sub-group analyses revealed a consistent pattern of significance favoring AOM 400 in patients ≤35years . Common treatment-emergent adverse events in the treatment continuation phase were more frequent with PP vs AOM 400 , and adverse events were the most frequent reason for discontinuation ( 27/137 [ 19.7 % ] for PP and 16/144 [ 11.1 % ] for AOM 400 ) . All-cause discontinuation was numerically lower with AOM 400 . CONCLUSION Superior improvements on clinician-rated health-related quality of life and a favorable tolerability profile suggest greater overall effectiveness for aripiprazole once-monthly vs paliperidone palmitate . Clinical Trials.gov identifier : NCT01795547 This study assessed the efficacy and the safety of a dosing regimen that was revised from earlier studies for the investigational injectable atypical antipsychotic paliperidone palmitate ( approved in the USA , August 2009 ) for adult patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia . The patients ( N = 652 ) were r and omly assigned ( 1:1:1:1 ) to paliperidone palmitate at 25 , 100 , or 150 mg eq. or placebo in this 13-week double-blind study . The patients received an injection of paliperidone palmitate at 150 mg eq. or placebo in the deltoid muscle on day 1 and the assigned fixed dose or placebo in the deltoid or muscle on day 8 and then once monthly ( days 36 and 64 ) . No oral supplementation was used . Target plasma levels were achieved by day 8 in all paliperidone palmitate groups . The mean change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score from baseline to end point improved significantly ( P ≤ 0.034 ) in all the paliperidone palmitate dose-groups versus placebo . Paliperidone palmitate treatment with this revised dosing regimen led to the achievement of rapid and consistent therapeutically effective plasma levels that were maintained by once-monthly dosing in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle . Common treatment-emergent adverse events ( ≥2 % of patients in any of the treatment groups ) that occurred more frequently in the total paliperidone palmitate group versus the placebo group ( with ≥1 % difference ) were injection-site pain ( 7.6 % vs 3.7 % ) , dizziness ( 2.5 % vs 1.2 % ) , sedation ( 2.3 % vs 0.6 % ) , pain in the extremity ( 1.6 % vs 0.0 % ) , and myalgia ( 1.0 % vs 0.0 % ) . The paliperidone palmitate treatment was efficacious and generally tolerated across the dose range ( 25 , 100 , or 150 mg eq. ) in adult patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia . Abbreviations : BMI - body mass index , CGI-S - Clinical Global Impression-Severity , EPS - extrapyramidal symptoms , ER - extended release , ITT - intent-to-treat , LAI - long-acting injectable , PANSS - Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale , PK - pharmacokinetic , PSP - Personal and Social Performance Scale , TEAE - treatment-emergent adverse events , VAS - Visual Analogue OBJECTIVE The superiority of risperidone long-acting injection ( RLAI ) over oral typical and atypical antipsychotics demonstrated in previous studies may be related to the improved drug compliance . The aim of the 12-week r and omized , single-blind study was to test whether the superiority of RLAI remained among hospitalized patients that drug compliance could be optimally controlled . METHODS Fifty hospitalized stable schizophrenic patients , who had maintained on oral risperidone for more than 3 months , were r and omized to the RLAI and oral risperidone group . Finally 49 patients ( 98 % ) completed the study , and no dose change of oral risperidone , or RLAI was noted among all patients . RESULTS The RLAI group showed significantly increased positive score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) than the risperidone group ( 0.72 + /- 3.52 vs. -1.24 + /- 3.81 , p = 0.022 ) , but without significance difference for the PANSS total , negative and general psychopathology scores . The RLAI group also showed a significantly improved Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser ( UKU ) Scale ( p = 0.037 ) , social life domains of Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) ( p = 0.011 ) , and reduced prolactin level ( p = 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION The 
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Poor psychosocial function was predicted by longer treatment duration , severe symptoms , poor cognition and poor insight .
Functioning was assessed by either a single or a combination of measures , but was not the primary outcome in most studies .
Conclusion : Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics are beneficial for recovery of psychosocial function in comparison with placebo , but the magnitude of superiority over oral antipsychotic treatment was small .
Severe psychopathology at baseline predicted poor psychosocial function .