***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between 18F-labelled 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine ( 18F-FLT ) PET/CT proliferation images and tumour angiogenesis as reflected by intratumoral microvessel density ( MVD ) in non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) to provide a noninvasive method to predict the response to antiangiogenic therapy . Methods A total of 68 patients with proven or suspected NSCLC underwent FLT PET/CT scans followed by surgery .  PET/CT images were compared with pathology . Tumour proliferation was evaluated in terms of a Ki-67 labelling index ( Ki-67 LI ) . MVD was determined using an anti-CD31 mAb ( CD31-MVD ) , anti-CD34 mAb ( CD34-MVD ) and an anti-CD105 mAb ( CD105-MVD ) for each resected tumour . Results Tumour FLT maximum st and ardized uptake values ( SUVmax ) were significantly correlated with the Ki-67 LI and CD105-MVD ( r = 0.550 and 0.633 , P = 0.000 and 0.000 , respectively ) , but were only marginally correlated with the CD31-MVD and CD34-MVD ( r = 0.228 and 0.235 , P = 0.062 and 0.054 , respectively ) . The FLT PET false-negative patients had a longer median survival time than the FLT PET true-positive patients ( log rank test , P = 0.012 ) . The patients with a lower CD105-MVD had a longer median survival time than those with a higher CD105-MVD ( P = 0.046 ) , while patients with a lower CD31-MVD and CD34-MVD did not have a longer median survival time than those with a higher value ( P = 0.438 and 0.187 , respectively ) . Conclusion FLT PET/CT imaging correlated with tumour angiogenesis as reflected by CD105-MVD and prognosis , and may be helpful in assessing antiangiogenic therapy of NSCLC The 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) has only marginally improved during the past two decades , despite advances in surgery and chemoradiotherapy . Major efforts are currently directed toward biological characterization of these tumors to define biomarkers able to add further prognostic information , thus improving new therapeutic protocol s. We analyzed the predictive relevance of the  microvessel count ( MC ) , bcl-2 and p53 proteins , proliferative activity , and usual postsurgical parameters on recurrence and overall survival in a series of 70 patients with NSCLC . The expression of biological parameters ( p53 , bcl-2 , proliferative activity , and MC ) was detected using immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded and frozen sections from the tumors treated with surgical resection alone until relapse . In the univariate analysis , the histotype , tumor status , node status , p53 , bcl-2 , and MC have been shown to significantly affect progression and death . In the multiple logistic regression analysis , the MC ( P < 0.000001 ) , tumor status ( P < 0.005 ) , and node status ( P < 0.0002 ) influenced the overall survival while prediction of relapse was strongly revealed by tumor status ( P < 0.005 ) , nodal metastatic involvement ( P < 0.000001 ) , and the assessment of the vascular count ( P < 0.0004 ) . These data have allowed the creation of a multivariate model which may add more information on risk of recurrence and death in patients with NSCLC and can form the basis for future r and omized clinical trials Background : Epidemiologic evidence on the association between nut consumption and  lung cancer  risk is limited . Methods : We investigated this relationship in the Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology ( EAGLE ) study , a population -based case – control study , and the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP ) Diet and Health Study , a prospect i ve cohort . We identified 2,098 lung cases for EAGLE and 18,533 incident cases in AARP .  Diet was assessed by food frequency question naire for both studies . Multivariable ORs and HRs and respective 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression for EAGLE and AARP , respectively . Results : Higher frequency of intake of nut consumption  was inversely associated with overall lung cancer risk ( highest vs. lowest quintile , OREAGLE = 0.74 ; 95 % CI , 0.57–0.95 ; HRAARP = 0.86 ; 95 % CI , 0.81–0.91 ) , regardless of smoking status . Results from the prospect i ve cohort showed similar associations across histologic subtypes and a more pronounced benefits from nut consumption for those who smoked 1 to 20 cigarettes/day ( OREAGLE = 0.61 ; 95 % CI , 0.39–0.95 ; HRAARP = 0.83 ; 95 % CI , 0.74–0.94 ) . Conclusions : Nut consumption was inversely associated with  lung cancer  in two large population -based studies , and associations were independent of cigarette smoking and other known risk factors . Impact : To our knowledge , this is the first study that examined the association between nut consumption and lung cancer risk by histologic subtypes and smoking intensity . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 26(6 ) ; 826–36 . © 2017 AACR We performed a clinical study to identify biological markers useful for the treatment of resectable non-small-cell lung cancers ( NSCLCs ) . In all , 173 patients were studied . By immunohistochemistry , we evaluated the Ki-67 proliferation index , tumour vascularity , thymidylate synthase ( TS ) , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A , VEGF-C , and E (epithelial)-cadherin . Concerning the survival of NSCLC patients , tumour vascularity ( P<0.01 ) , VEGF-A status ( P=0.03 ) , VEGF-C status ( P=0.03 ) , and E-cadherin status ( P=0.03 ) were significant prognostic factors in patients with stage I NSCLCs . The Ki-67 proliferation index ( P=0.02 ) and TS status ( P<0.01 ) were significant prognostic factors in patients with stage II – III NSCLCs . In patients with stage II – III NSCLCs , furthermore , the survival of UFT ( a combination of tegafur and uracil)-treated patients with TS-negative tumours was significantly better than those of any other patients . Biological markers associated with tumour angiogenesis or metastasis are useful for the detection of aggressive tumours among early-stage NSCLCs . Postoperative chemotherapy might be necessary in such tumours even in stage I. In contrast , tumour proliferation rate and TS status are useful markers for identifying less aggressive tumours in locally advanced NSCLCs . Thymidylate synthase expression is also a useful marker to evaluate responsiveness of UFT-based chemotherapy for these tumours PURPOSE Non-small-cell lung cancers ( NSCLCs ) harboring mutations in MET exon 14 and its flanking introns may respond to c-Met inhibitors . We sought to describe the clinical , pathologic , and genomic characteristics of patients with cancer with MET exon 14 mutations . PATIENTS AND METHODS We interrogated next-generation sequencing results from 6,376 cancers to identify those harboring MET exon 14 mutations . Clinical characteristics of MET exon 14 mutated NSCLCs were compared with those of NSCLCs with activating mutations in KRAS and EGFR . Co-occurring genomic mutations and copy number alterations were identified . c-Met immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect exon 14 skipping were performed where sufficient tissue was available . RESULTS MET exon 14 mutations were identified in 28 of 933 nonsquamous NSCLCs ( 3.0 % ) and were not seen in other cancer types in this study . Patients with MET exon 14-mutated NSCLC were significantly older ( median age , 72.5 years ) than patients with EGFR-mutant ( median age , 61 years ; P < .001 ) or KRAS-mutant NSCLC ( median age , 65 years ; P < .001 ) . Among patients with MET exon 14 mutations , 68 % were women , and 36 % were never-smokers . Stage IV MET exon 14-mutated NSCLCs were significantly more likely to have concurrent MET genomic amplification ( mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7 , 4.3 ) and strong c-Met immunohistochemical expression ( mean H score , 253 ) than stage IA to IIIB MET exon 14-mutated NSCLCs ( mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7 , 1.4 ; P = .007 ; mean H score , 155 ; P = .002 ) and stage IV MET exon 14-wild-type NSCLCs ( mean ratio of MET to chromosome 7 , 1.2 ; P < .001 ; mean H score , 142 ; P < .001 ) . A patient whose lung cancer harbored a MET exon 14 mutation with concurrent genomic amplification of the mutated MET allele experienced a major partial response to the c-Met inhibitor crizotinib . CONCLUSION MET exon 14 mutations represent a clinical ly unique molecular subtype of NSCLC . Prospect i ve clinical trials with c-Met inhibitors will be necessary to vali date MET exon 14 mutations as an important therapeutic target in NSCLC PURPOSE The International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial ( IALT ) demonstrated that adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . The purpose of our study was to determine whether cell cycle regulators are of prognostic and /or predictive value in patients who were enrolled onto the IALT .  PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of p27Kip1 , p16INK4A , cyclin D1 , cyclin D3 , cyclin E , and Ki-67 was immunohistochemically assessed in tumor specimens obtained from 778 IALT patients . Prognostic and predictive analyses were based on Cox models adjusted for clinical and pathologic parameters . RESULTS There was a relationship between p27Kip1 status and benefit of cisplatin-based chemotherapy ( test for interaction , P = .02 ) . Among patients with p27Kip1-negative tumors , cisplatin-based chemotherapy result ed in longer overall survival compared with controls ( adjusted hazard ratio [ HR ] for death = 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.50 to 0.88 ; P = .006 ) . In patients with p27Kip1-positive tumors , overall survival was not different between patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and controls ( adjusted HR for death = 1.09 ; 95 % CI , 0.82 to 1.45 ; P = .54 ) . The other cell cycle regulators and Ki-67 did not predict benefit of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy . None of these biomarkers was significantly associated with overall survival of the patients in the total study population . CONCLUSION NSCLC patients with p27Kip1-negative tumors benefit from adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy after complete tumor resection . Before establishing p27Kip1 as a routine marker for selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy , the predictive value of p27Kip1 has to be confirmed in patients from other trials The Ki-67 antigen was identified in the early steps of polymerase I-dependent ribosomal RNA synthesis . Although it seems that this protein has an important function in cell division , its exact role is still unclear and there is little published work on its overall function . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the level of Ki-67 with respect to tumor recurrence in molecularly classified groups of breast cancer patients . Ki-67 was divided into the percentage levels up to and including 20 % and over 20 % . Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization are described for the results of estrogen receptor , progesterone receptor , c-erb-B2 , and Ki-67 biomarkers . Formaldehyde-fixed breast sample s were paraffin wax embedded and processed for paraffin sections . The protocol of the present study started in 1995 and finished in 2010 . Nine hundred and sixteen patients with breast cancer were examined : 291 were grouped as luminal A , 228 as luminal B , 221 as the Her-2 subtype , and 107 as basal cell ( triple negative ) . Follow-up ranged from 3 to 15 years following diagnosis . It was found that in luminal A patients , only one had a Ki-67 level higher than 20 % . In luminal B , the Ki-67 was higher than 20 % in 51.16 % of the patients and recurrence occurred in 23.68 % . In the Her-2 
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Conclusions This study highlights that the high expression of Ki-67 is clinical ly relevant in terms of the prognostic and clinicopathological characteristics for lung cancer .