***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIMS Dapagliflozin , a highly selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 ( SGLT2 ) , reduces hyperglycaemia and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) by increasing urinary glucose excretion . Long-term glycaemic control , body composition and bone safety were evaluated in patients with T2DM after 102 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment . METHODS This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study ( NCT00855166 ) enrolled patients with T2DM [ mean : age 60.7 years ; HbA1c 7.2 % ; body mass index ( BMI ) 31.9 kg/m(2 ) ; body weight 91.5 kg ] inadequately controlled on metformin . Patients ( N = 182 ) were r and omly assigned 1 : 1 to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo added to open-label metformin for a 24-week double-blind treatment period followed by a 78-week site- and patient-blinded extension period . At week 102 , changes from baseline in HbA1c , weight , waist circumference , total body fat mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) , serum markers of bone turnover , bone mineral density ( BMD ) as measured by DXA , and adverse events were evaluated . RESULTS A total of 140 patients ( 76.9 % ) completed the study . Over 102 weeks , dapagliflozin-treated patients showed reductions in HbA1c by -0.3 % , weight by -4.54 kg , waist circumference by -5.0 cm and fat mass by -2.80 kg without increase in rate of hypoglycaemia . Compared with placebo , no meaningful changes from baseline in markers of bone turnover or BMD were identified over 102 weeks . One fracture occurred in each treatment group . The frequency of urinary tract infection ( UTI ) and genital infection was similar in both treatment groups . CONCLUSIONS Over 102 weeks , dapagliflozin improved glycaemic control , and reduced weight and fat mass , without affecting markers of bone turnover or BMD in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin OBJECTIVE To determine whether dapagliflozin , which selectively inhibits renal glucose reabsorption , lowers hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes that is poorly controlled with high insulin doses plus oral antidiabetic agents ( OADs ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a r and omized , double-blind , three-arm parallel-group , placebo-controlled , 26-center trial ( U.S. and Canada ) . Based on data from an insulin dose-adjustment setting cohort ( n = 4 ) , patients in the treatment cohort ( n = 71 ) were r and omly assigned 1:1:1 to placebo , 10 mg dapagliflozin , or 20 mg dapagliflozin , plus OAD(s ) and 50 % of their daily insulin dose . The primary outcome was change from baseline in A1C at week 12 ( dapagliflozin vs. placebo , last observation carried forward [ LOCF ] ) . RESULTS At week 12 ( LOCF ) , the 10- and 20-mg dapagliflozin groups demonstrated −0.70 and −0.78 % mean differences in A1C change from baseline versus placebo . In both dapagliflozin groups , 65.2 % of patients achieved a decrease from baseline in A1C ≥0.5 % versus 15.8 % in the placebo group . Mean changes from baseline in fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) were + 17.8 , + 2.4 , and −9.6 mg/dl ( placebo , 10 mg dapagliflozin , and 20 mg dapagliflozin , respectively ) . Postpr and ial glucose ( PPG ) reductions with dapagliflozin also showed dose dependence . Mean changes in total body weight were −1.9 , −4.5 , and −4.3 kg ( placebo , 10 mg dapagliflozin , and 20 mg dapagliflozin ) . Overall , adverse events were balanced across all groups , although more genital infections occurred in the 20-mg dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving high insulin doses plus insulin sensitizers who had their baseline insulin reduced by 50 % , dapagliflozin  decreased A1C , produced better FPG and PPG levels , and lowered weight more than placebo Sodium – glucose cotransporter 2 ( SGLT2 ) inhibitors are a newly approved class of glucose-lowering medications with a novel mechanism of action . These agents increase glycosuria , which leads to improved glucose control . They also produce an osmotic diuresis that , in part , contributes to blood pressure reduction and calorie loss secondary to glycosuria leading to weight loss ( 1,2 ) . A recent review of SGLT2 inhibitors focuses on the blood pressure – lowering effects of the two approved glucose-lowering agents , dapagliflozin and canagliflozin ( 3 ) . While not approved as antihypertensive agents , they may potentially aid in lowering blood pressure in patients with diabetes . A review of studies in both hypertensive and normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrates a 4–10 mmHg reduction of systolic blood pressure ( 3 ) . In this issue of Diabetes Care , Tikkanen et al. ( 4 ) investigate the effectiveness and safety of the newest agent in this class , empagliflozin , on blood pressure using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring . This study r and omized over 800 subjects with type 2 diabetes , mean age of 60 years , and good kidney function ( i.e. , a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [ eGFR ] of 84 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) . These subjects either were normotensive ( < 140/90 mmHg ) or had stage 1 hypertension ( ≥140/90 < 160/99 mmHg ) . They were r and omized to either empagliflozin 10 mg daily , empagliflozin 25 mg Uric acid is associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults , including chronic kidney disease , coronary artery disease , stroke , diabetes mellitus , preeclampsia , and hypertension . We examined the association between uric acid and elevated blood pressure in a large , nationally representative cohort of US adolescents , a population with a relatively low prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors . Among 6036 adolescents 12 to 17 years of age examined in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , the mean age was 14.5 years , 17 % were obese ( body mass index : ≥95th percentile ) , and 3.3 % had elevated blood pressure . Mean serum uric acid level was 5.0 mg/dL , and 34 % had a uric acid level ≥5.5 mg/dL. In analyses adjusted for age , sex , race/ethnicity , and body mass index percentile , the odds ratio of elevated blood pressure , defined as a systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥95th percentile for age , sex , and height , for each 0.1-mg/dL increase in uric acid level was 1.38 ( 95 % CI : 1.16–1.65 ) . Compared with < 5.5 mg/dL , participants with a uric acid level ≥5.5 mg/dL had a 2.03 times higher odds of having elevated blood pressure ( 95 % CI : 1.38–3.00 ) . In conclusion , increasing levels of serum uric acid are associated with elevated blood pressure in healthy US adolescents . Additional prospect i ve studies and clinical trials are needed to determine whether uric acid is merely a marker in a complex metabolic pathway or causal of hypertension and , thus , a potential screening and therapeutic target 
    Output:
    
The drug class effect of SUA reduction  suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors might be beneficial for diabetic patients with hyperuricemia