***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Community-based prospect i ve studies are needed to shed light on mechanisms that may influence development of eating disorders and identify variables that could serve as potential targets for prevention efforts . In this paper we examine  level of weight preoccupation  and other variables prospect ively associated with age of onset of eating disorder symptoms over a 3-year interval in a community sample ( N = 939 ) of young adolescent girls . 3.6 % ( 32/887 ) experienced onset of symptoms over the interval . Only one factor , a measure of Weight Concerns , was significantly associated with onset ( p < .001 ) . Girls scoring in the highest quartile on the measure of Weight Concerns had the shortest survival time ( 12 % incidence by age 14.5 ) and those scoring in the lowest quartile had the highest survival time ( 2 % incidence by age 14.5 ; p < .001 ) . This finding is consistent with both theoretical and clinical perspectives and represents one of the first prospect i ve demonstrations of a linkage between weight and body shape concerns and later onset of eating disorder symptoms . An underst and ing of the independent variables that predispose girls to development of symptoms is a useful step towards the establishment of a rational basis for the choice of a prevention intervention target The purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons . Two question naires were developed . A 16-item Binge Eating Scale was constructed describing both behavioral manifestations ( e.g. , eating large amounts of food ) and feeling/cognitions surrounding a binge episode ( e.g. , guilt , fear of being unable to stop eating ) . An 11-item Cognitive Factors Scale was developed measure two cognitive phenomena thought to be related to binge eating : the tendency to set unrealistic st and ards for a diet ( e.g. , eliminating " favorite foods " ) and low efficacy expectations for sustaining a diet . The results showed that the Binge Eating Scale successfully discriminated among persons judged by trained interviewers to have either no , moderate or severe binge eating problems . Significant correlation between the scales were obtained such that severe bingers tended to set up diets which were unrealistically strict while reporting low efficacy expectations to sustain a diet . The discussion highlighted the differences among obese persons on binge eating severity  and emphasized the role of cognitions in the relapse of self control of eating BACKGROUND The long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa is insufficiently research ed . AIMS To study prospect ively the long-term outcome and prognostic factors in a representative sample of people with teenage-onset anorexia nervosa . METHOD Fifty-one people with anorexia nervosa , recruited by community screening and with a mean age at onset of 14 years were compared with 51 matched comparison individuals at a mean age of 32 years ( 18 years after disorder onset ) . All participants had been examined at ages 16 years , 21 years and 24 years . They were interviewed for Axis I psychiatric disorders and overall outcome ( Morgan-Russell assessment schedule and the Global Assessment of Functioning ) . RESULTS There were no deaths . Twelve per cent ( n=6 ) had a persisting eating disorder , including three with anorexia nervosa . Thirty-nine per cent of the anorexia nervosa group met the criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder . The general outcome was poor in 12 % . One in four did not have paid employment owing to psychiatric problems . Poor outcome was predicted by premorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder , age at onset of anorexia nervosa and autistic traits . CONCLUSIONS The 18-year outcome of teenage-onset anorexia nervosa is favourable in respect of mortality and persisting eating disorder OBJECTIVE We examined whether mentalization-based treatment for adolescents ( MBT-A ) is more effective than treatment as usual ( TAU ) for adolescents who self-harm . METHOD A total of 80 adolescents ( 85 % female ) consecutively presenting to mental health services with self-harm and comorbid depression were r and omly allocated to either MBT-A or TAU . Adolescents were assessed for self-harm , risk-taking and mood at baseline and at 3-monthly intervals until 12 months . Their attachment style , mentalization ability and borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) features were also assessed at baseline and at the end of the 12-month treatment . RESULTS MBT-A was more effective than TAU in reducing self-harm and depression . This superiority was explained by improved mentalization and reduced attachment avoidance and reflected improvement in emergent BPD symptoms and traits . CONCLUSIONS MBT-A may be an effective intervention to reduce self-harm in adolescents This study examines the relationship between attachment strategies and symptom reporting among college women . Sixty-one college women were selected who reported high or low levels of depressive and eating disorder symptoms .  The Adult Attachment Interview ( AAI ) was administered , and interview transcripts were rated with the Attachment Interview Q-Sort . The results indicated that women with hyperactivating AAI strategies were prone to reporting elevated levels of depressive symptoms , whereas women with deactivating strategies were prone to reporting elevated levels of eating-disorder symptoms , when depression was statistically controlled . These findings support the hypothesis that secondary or defensive attachment strategies predispose individuals toward different forms of symptom expression 
    Output:
    
DISCUSSION In keeping with the adult literature , cross-sectional studies of children and adolescents consistently report associations with eating pathology .
There is some evidence from prospect i ve studies that insecure attachment may be a risk factor for the development of eating pathology in adolescence .
The literature on mentalization and eating pathology suggests that adolescents with anorexia nervosa may have difficulties in recognizing emotions .