***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of whole body vibration ( WBV ) training as a modality for inducing changes in body composition , cardiovascular condition , and muscular strength in sedentary postmenopausal women .  WBV training was compared with other training regimens , ie , aerobic training and circuit resistance training , commonly used to promote weight loss , cardiovascular conditioning , and muscular strength . Postmenopausal women ( aged 48–60 years ) were r and omly assigned to WBV training , circuit resistance training , or aerobic training . Participants trained three times per week for 8 weeks . The training regimens were progressive in nature , with increases in training intensity and duration occurring throughout the 8-week period . Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses . A modified Bruce treadmill protocol was used to assess aerobic capacity ( VO2peak ) and time to peak exhaustion . Upper and lower body strengths were determined by one repetition maximum ( 1-RM ) chest and leg presses , respectively . Variables were analyzed using separate 3 ( exercise mode ) × 2 ( time ) repeated- measures analysis of variance with effect sizes due to the small sample size . No significant main effects or interactions were seen for any body composition variable ; however , moderate to large effect sizes ( η2=0.243 and η2=0.257 ) were detected regarding interactions for percent body fat and lean body mass favoring aerobic training and circuit resistance training . For VO2peak , no significant main effects or interactions were detected ( time , η2=0.150 ; P=0.11 ; time × group , η2=0.139 ; P=0.30 ) ; but a significant time effect was observed for time to peak exhaustion ( η2=0.307 ; P=0.017 ) . A significant interaction for upper body strength ( η2=0.464 ; P=0.007 ) , and main effect for time in lower body strength ( η2=0.663 ; P=0.0001 ) was detected . Post hoc analysis indicated a significant increase in upper body strength for circuit resistance training ( P=0.023 ) and a decrease for WBV training ( P=0.015 ) . Our results indicate that WBV may not be an effective alternative to traditional training with regard to body composition or aerobic capacity , but could have a positive impact on lower body strength Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the effect of an unsupervised whole body vibration ( WBV ) training and two different supervised multi- purpose exercise programmes , with and without WBV , on body composition , functional fitness and self-reported well-being  in middle-aged adults . Fifty-four healthy participants ( age 48.6 ± 6.7 years ) were r and omly assigned to a vibration group ( VG ) , a multi- purpose exercise group ( MG ) and a multi- purpose exercise with vibration group ( VMG ) and trained 3 days a week for 4 months . VG performed a st and ardised unsupervised WBV protocol , MG a supervised multi- purpose exercise and VMG a multi- purpose exercise including vibration . After training , drop out was significantly higher in VG group ( P = 0.016 ) when compared to VMG group . In both MG and VMG , body composition , sit-up , push-up , sit and reach , agility test , hopping test and self-reported general health significantly improved ( P < 0.05 ) . No additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus . Percentage of body fat and agility test in VG had a significant opposite trend compared to VMG group ( P < 0.05 ) . In summary , an unsupervised WBV training should not be chosen for training protocol . However , positive effects on physical fitness and the best results in adherence could be achieved integrating WBV practice into a multi- purpose exercise training Lamont , HS , Cramer , JT , Bemben , DA , Shehab , RL , And erson , MA , and Bemben , MG . Effects of 6 weeks periodized squat training with or without whole-body vibration upon short-term adaptations in squat strength and body composition . J Strength Cond Res 25(7 ) : 1839 - 1848 , 2011—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week , periodized squat training program , with or without whole-body low-frequency vibration ( WBLFV ) , applied before and between sets to 1RM squat strength and body composition .  Thirty men aged between 20 and 30 years with at least 6 months of recreational weight training experience completed the study . Subjects were r and omly assigned to either 1 of 2 training groups or to an active control group ( CON ) . Group 1 ( CON ; n = 6 ) did not participate in the training protocol but participated only in testing sessions . Group 2 ( SQTV , n = 13 ) performed 6 weeks of squat training while receiving WBLFV ( 50 Hz ) , before , and in-between sets . The third group ( SQT , n = 11 ) performed 6 weeks of squat training only . Subjects completed 12 workouts with variable loads ( 55 - 90 % one repetition maximum [ 1RM ] ) and sets ( 3 - 5 ) , performing squats twice weekly separated by 72 hours . The RM measures were recorded on weeks ( W ) 1 , 3 , and 7 . During the second workout of a week , the load was reduced by 10 - 15 % , with “ speed squats ” performed during the final 3 weeks . Rest periods in between sets were set at 240 seconds . The WBLFV was applied while subjects stood on a WBLFV platform holding an isometric quarter squat position ( knee angle 135 ± 5 ° ) . Initially , WBLFV was applied at 50 Hz for 30 seconds at low amplitude ( peak-peak 2 - 4 mm ) . A rest period of 180 seconds followed WBLFV exposure before the first set of squats . The WBLFV was then applied intermittently ( 3 × 10 seconds ) at 50 Hz , high amplitude ( peak-peak , 4 - 6 mm ) at time points , 60 , 120 , and 180 seconds into the 240-second rest period . Total body dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at W0 ( week before training ) and W7 ( week after training ) . Measures recorded included total body mass ( kg ) , total body lean mass ( TLBM , kg ) , trunk lean mass ( kg ) , leg lean mass ( kg ) , total body fat percentage , trunk fat percentage , and leg fat percentage ( LF% ) . Repeated- measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance revealed 1RM increased significantly between W1-W3 , W3-W7 , and W1-W7 for both experimental groups but not for control ( p = 0.001 , effect size [ ES ] = 0.237 , 1 − β = 0.947 ) . No significant differences were seen for % Δ ( p > 0.05 ) . Significant group by trial and group effects were seen for TLBM , SQTV > CON at W7 ( p = 0.044 ) . A significant main effect for time was seen for LF% , W0 vs. W7 ( p = 0.047 ) . No other significant differences were seen ( p > 0.05 ) . “ Practical trends ” were seen favoring “ short-term ” neuromuscular adaptations for the SQTV group during the first 3 weeks ( p = 0.10 , ES = 0.157 , 1 − β = 0.443 , mean diff ; SQTV week 3 4.72 kg > CON and 2.53 kg > SQT ) . Differences in motor unit activation patterns , hypertrophic responses , and dietary intake during the training period could account for the trends seen Aim : To determine the effect of whole body vibration ( WBV ) , combined with caloric restriction , on weight , body composition and metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults . Methods : A r and omized , controlled study with a 6-month intervention period and a 6-month ‘ no intervention ’ follow-up . 61 of the 79 participants completed the study . Data were collected at baseline and at 3 , 6 and 12 months in the control group ( CONTROL ) , the diet only group ( DIET ) , the diet plus fitness group ( FITNESS ) and the diet plus WBV group ( VIBRATION ) . Results : Weight decreased significantly in all three intervention groups . Only FITNESS and VIBRATION managed to maintain a weight loss of 5 % or more in the long term . Visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) changed most in VIBRATION : –47.8 ± 41.2 and –47.7 ± 45.7 cm2 after 6 and 12 months respectively compared to CONTROL ( –3.6 ± 20.5 or + 26.3 ± 30.6 cm2 ) , DIET ( –24.3 ± 29.8 or –7.5 ± 28.3 cm2 ) and FITNESS ( –17.6 ± 36.6 or –1.6 ± 33.3 cm2 ) ( p < 0.001 ) . Conclusions : Combining aerobic exercise or WBV training with caloric restriction can help to achieve a sustained long-term weight loss of 5–10 % . These preliminary data show that WBV training may have the potential to reduce VAT more than aerobic exercise in obese adults , possibly making it a meaningful addition to future weight loss programs Whole-body vibration ( WBV ) is being promoted as an efficient complement to resistance training . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week program of WBV in combination with resistance training on knee extensors muscular performance . A group of 29 young adults ( 25 men , 4 women ; age 21.8 ± 1.5 ) performed a WBV plus resistance training program ( WBV + RES ) or an identical exercise program in absence of vibration ( placebo plus resistance training , PL + RES ) . Participants were evaluated for anthropometry , muscle strength ( half-squat three repetition maximum , 3RM ) , knee extensors isokinetic dynamometry ( 180 ° and 60 ° s−1 ) and counter-movement jump ( CMJ ) . After the intervention , percent body fat significantly decreased 2.1 % only in WBV + RES ( P < 0.001 ) , while muscle mass significantly increased in both groups ( P < 0.01 ) : 2.2 and 2.8 kg in PL + RES and WBV + RES , respectively . No significant differences were observed in isokinetic strength or CMJ , and 3RM significantly increased in both groups ( P < 0.001 ) : 64.2 kg ( 52 % of baseline ) in PL + RES , and 46.9 kg ( 43 % ) in WBV + RES . The addition of WBV to resistance training during 8 weeks , in recreationally active young adults , did not result in a larger muscular performance improvement compared to an identical exercise program in absence of vibration . Muscle mass also seemed to be equally affected with or without vibration , yet body fat could be exclusively decreased by WBV . Further research is required to clarify whether WBV , as a complement to resistance training , produces additional specific benefits Objective ( i ) to determine the outcomes of whole-body vibration training ( WBVT ) on obese individuals , and the intervention setting s producing such effects ; ( ii ) identify potential improper or harmful use of WBVT . Design Systematic review . Data sources Medline , Scopus , Web of Science , PEDro and Scielo until July 2018 . Eligibility criteria Full papers evaluating the effect of  WBVT on body composition , cardiovascular status and functional performance in obese adults . Papers with PEDro score<4 were excluded . Study appraisal and synthesis Risk of bias and quality of WBVT reporting were assessed with PEDro scale ( r and omized controlled trials ) or TREND checklist ( non-r and omized studies ) and a 14-items checklist , respectively . Weighted acceleration , daily exposure and Hedges ’ adjusted g were computed . Results We included 18 papers published 2010–2017 . Typical interventions consisted in three sessions/week of exercises ( squats , calf-raises ) performed on platforms vibrating at 25–40 Hz ( amplitude : 1–2 mm ) ; according to ISO 2631–1:1997 , daily exposure was “ unsafe ” in 7/18 studies . Interventions lasting ≥6 weeks improved cardiac autonomic function and reduced central /peripheral arterial stiffness in obese women ; 10 weeks of WBVT  produced significant weight/fat mass reduction , leg strength improvements as resistance training , and enhanced glucose regulation when added to hypocaloric diet . No paper evidence d losses of lean mass . Isolated cases of adverse effects were reported . Summary To date , WBVT is a promising adjuvant intervention therapy for obese women ; long-term studies involving larger cohorts and male participants are required to demonstrate the associated safety and health benefits . The therapeutic use of WBVT in the management of obese patients is still not st and ardised and should be supported by an extensive knowledge on the causality between vibration parameters and outcomes The applied use of new technologies to enhance performance and improve health has been increasing . Initially , whole body vibration training ( WBVT ) was used as system to improve elite athlete performance . However , this is also used to improve body composition , especially there is a great attention on the effectiveness of WBVT to reduce fat and body weight , with a potential increase in muscle tissue . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week vibration-training program on total and segmental body composition in a group of physically healthy participants . The final study sample included 64 health 
    Output:
    
This systematic review and meta-analyses showed a significant effect of  WBV  on total fat mass ( kg ) , however clinical ly insignificant effects of 6 - 24 weeks of WBV therapy on % body fat .