***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: A double blind , 7-month parallel clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of a dentifrice containing 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 0.75 per cent zinc citrate in a 0.8 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate/silica base on supragingival plaque , gingivitis and supragingival calculus formation , compared to a 0.8 per cent monofluorophosphate/silica control dentifrice . The results of this clinical study demonstrate that the use of the Triclosan/zinc citrate dentifrice over a 7-month period provided a statistically significant and clinical ly relevant benefit in controlling gingivitis , compared to a control dentifrice . Supragingival plaque and calculus levels were also significantly reduced in comparison to the effects of a control dentifrice Abstract .The aim of this double-blind , 28-week study was to evaluate the plaque-inhibitory and antigingivitis efficacy of a fluoride toothpaste containing 0.3 % triclosan and essential oil ( Dental Kosmetik , Dresden , Germany ) in comparison with a control toothpaste .  One hundred twenty subjects previously treated for chronic periodontitis were included in the study . At baseline , 8 , 18 , and 28 weeks , plaque accumulation ( PlI ) and gingival status ( GI ) were assessed . Probing pocket depth ( PD ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were measured at baseline and week 28 using a Florida probe . No professional hygiene was delivered during the study period . Mean plaque scores decreased between baseline and week 8 in both groups . At the end of the study , a significant increase of mean PlI compared to baseline could be observed in the test and in the control groups . Comparing the two groups , the PlI in the triclosan group was significantly lower than in the control group . Mean gingival scores decreased significantly during the first 8-week period in both groups . This reduction was followed by an increase of GI in the control , while the GI in the test group reached a significantly lower value than in controls after 28 weeks . Furthermore , at week 28 , in both groups the PD were decreased as compared to the pre study data . It is concluded that the triclosan/essential oil additive in a fluoride-containing dentifrice exhibited distinctive antigingivitis as well as plaque-inhibitory effects during a 28-week maintenance period in periodontitis patients The effects of a stabilized 0.454 % stannous fluoride dentifrice , currently marketed as Crest Gum Care , on supragingival plaque , gingivitis , gingival bleeding and oral soft tissue condition were studied in 328 adult male and female subjects who completed a six-month , double blind clinical study . Following initial examinations , subjects presenting with a minimum of five gingival bleeding sites received a thorough dental prophylaxis and were instructed to brush at least twice a day for three months with a commercially available fluoride dentifrice , packaged in such a way as to blind its identity to the study subjects . This constituted the three-month pre-test period . At the end of this period , subjects were again examined , given a second oral prophylaxis , and r and omly assigned to brush with one of the following dentifrices : 1 ) stabilized 0.454 % stannous fluoride , 2 ) 0.243 % sodium fluoride control , or 3 ) one of three experimental dentifrices . Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth as they normally would , at least twice a day for one minute per brushing . Follow-up examinations after three and six months of dentifrice use evaluated supragingival plaque , gingivitis , gingival bleeding , extrinsic tooth stain and oral soft tissue status . After six months , the stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice significantly reduced gingivitis and gingival bleeding by 20.5 % and 33.4 % compared to the sodium fluoride control group . However , the stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice group was not significantly different from the control dentifrice group with respect to supragingival plaque scores . As expected , accumulation of extrinsic tooth stain was greater in the stabilized stannous fluoride group than the control group . No unexpected nor clinical ly significant oral soft tissue health effects were associated with the use of the test dentifrices . The results from this clinical study demonstrate that over a six-month period , twice-daily use of a dentifrice containing 0.454 % stabilized stannous fluoride significantly reduced gingivitis and gingival bleeding , relative to a 0.243 % sodium fluoride control dentifrice A 6-month double-blind , controlled clinical study was conducted on 107 healthy adult subjects to determine the efficacy of a mouthrinse used as a supplement to regular oral hygiene measures on supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis . 115 healthy adult patients were recruited for the study . Following screening examinations for minimal entry levels of existing gingivitis and plaque in patients with a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth , extrinsic tooth stain , gingivitis and plaque index scores were recorded . Soft tissues were evaluated . All subjects then received a complete dental prophylaxis , removing plaque , calculus and extrinsic stain . Utilizing their normal oral hygiene , subjects began a regimen of rinsing with 20 ml of the r and omly assigned rinse , twice daily for 30 s for 6 months . 7 days after prophylaxis , gingivitis was again scored ( baseline 2 ) . Soft tissue , gingivitis , plaque area and extrinsic stain were evaluated again at 3 and 6 months . Results demonstrated that after 6 months , listerine produced a 34 % inhibition of both plaque and of gingivitis compared to a hydroalcohol control ( p less than 0.001 ) This r and omized , observer-blind , parallel , controlled study determined the efficacy of an essential oils-containing ( EO ) antiseptic mouthrinse ( in conjunction with toothbrushing ) in reducing and /or controlling existing plaque or gingivitis over 6 months . Toothbrushing , combined with placebo rinsing , served as the control ( C ) . Following ethics board approval ( Biosci Research Canada , Ltd. Institutional Review Board ) , 139 healthy adults with mild to moderate plaque and gingivitis were r and omized into EO or C groups . All subjects received oral/written instructions , monthly monitoring , and assigned unsupervised rinses . Efficacy variables were whole-mouth mean modified gingival index ( MGI ) , Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein plaque index ( PI ) , bleeding index ( BI ) at 6 , 12 , and 24 weeks , and data analysis through an analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) model . The EO group provided greater and increasing MGI , PI , and BI reductions than did C group over all examination periods . Compared to the C group , at 6 , 12 , and 24 weeks , MGI reductions for the EO group were 4.7 % , 9.1 % , and 20.4 % , and PI reductions were 7.6 % , 12.6 % , and 26.3 % , respectively . BI scores decreased over time and were significant compared to those for the C group ( P < 0.001 ) . Additionally , the percentages of sites improved versus baseline MGI over time for EO were 14.1 % , 26.4 % , and 43.3 % , respectively . This study demonstrated that an EO-containing mouthrinse can provide an increasing benefit over a period of 6 months with twice daily use . This study also confirmed that an antiseptic EO rinse can provide a clinical ly significant benefit in reducing existing plaque and gingivitis This double-blind parallel- design clinical study compared the efficacy of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice ( Crest Plus Gum Care ) , baking soda and peroxide ( NaF ) dentifrice ( Mentadent ) , and essential oil mouthrinse ( Listerine ) to a conventional NaF dentifrice ( Crest ) for the control of plaque , gingivitis and gingival bleeding over six months . Following an initial baseline examination and stratification , subjects received a complete oral prophylaxis and were distributed assigned test products . Following three and six months , subjects re-visited the clinic for examinations . Evaluations at baseline and at 3 and 6 months included soft tissue status . Löe-Silness gingivitis/gingival bleeding , Silness-Löe plaque and dental stain . Results subsequent to six months of product use were as follows : At six months , the stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice was observed to produce statistically significant 17.5 % reductions in gingivitis and 27.5 % reductions in gingival bleeding relative to the NaF dentifrice . The combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse produced statistically significant reductions of 7.4 % in gingivitis and 10.8 % in plaque as compared with the NaF dentifrice . The stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice produced statistically significant reductions in both gingivitis ( 10.8 % ) and gingival bleeding ( 23.0 % ) relative to the combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse . The baking soda and peroxide ( NaF ) dentifrice did not provide reductions in gingivitis , plaque or gingival bleeding as compared with the conventional NaF dentifrice . The stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in gingivitis as compared with the baking soda and peroxide dentifrice following six months of use , and both the essential oil mouthrinse and stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in gingivitis as compared with the baking soda and peroxide dentifrice following three months of use . These results support : 1 ) the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice and the combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse for the prevention of gingivitis ; 2 ) the superior activity of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice as compared with a combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse for the control of gingivitis and gingival bleeding ; and 3 ) the lack of efficacy for baking soda and peroxide dentifrice for the control of  plaque , gingivitis and gingival bleeding  as compared with conventional fluori date d dentifrice Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) is not optimal . Without transparent reporting , readers can not judge the reliability and validity of trial findings nor extract information for systematic review s. Recent method ological analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects . Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs , which are considered the gold st and ard for evaluating interventions because of their ability to minimise or avoid bias . A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs . It was first published in 1996 and up date d in 2001 . The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT . Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have endorsed the CONSORT statement . The statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs . During the 2001 CONSORT revision , it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports . A CONSORT explanation and elaboration article was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement . After an expert meeting in January 2007 , the CONSORT statement has been further revised and is published as the CONSORT 2010 Statement . This up date improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition , such as selective outcome reporting bias . This explanatory and elaboration document-intended to enhance the use , underst and ing , and dissemination of the CONSORT statement-has also been extensively revised . It presents the meaning and rationale for each new and up date d checklist item providing examples of good reporting and , where possible , references to relevant empirical studies . Several examples of flow diagrams are included . The CONSORT 2010 Statement , this revised explanatory and elaboration document , and the associated website ( www.consort-statement.org ) should be helpful re sources to improve reporting of r and omised trials A total of one hundred twenty-one ( 121 ) adult male and female subjects completed a 6-month , double-blind clinical study comparing the effect on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis of a dentifrice containing 0.3 % Triclosan and 2.0 % of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid to a placebo dentifrice . Both the Triclosan/copolymer and placebo dentifrices contained 0.243 % sodium fluoride in a silica base . Subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline plaque and gingivitis scores . They then received an oral prophylaxis and were assigned to use either the Triclosan/copolymer dentrifrice or the placebo dentifrice for the next 6 months . Subjects were evaluated for supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis after 3 and 6 months ' use of the dentifrices . After 6 months , the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 32.32 % statistically significant reduction ( 99 % level of confidence ) in supragingival plaque formation , as compared to the placebo dentifrice . Also , after 6 months , the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 25.64 % statistically significant reduction ( 99 % level of confidence ) in gingivitis , as compared to the placebo dentifrice . It thus can be concluded from this clinical study that the twice daily use of the dentifrice containing 0.3 % Triclosan and 2.0 % of a copolymer in a  
    Output:
    
Within the limitations of the present study , formulations with specific agents for chemical plaque control provide statistically significant improvements in terms of gingival , bleeding and plaque indices