***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND It is known that obesity , sodium intake , and alcohol consumption factors influence blood pressure . In this clinical trial , Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension , we assessed the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure . METHODS We enrolled 459 adults with systolic blood pressures of less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressures of 80 to 95 mm Hg . For three weeks , the subjects were fed a control diet that was low in fruits , vegetables , and dairy products , with a fat content typical of the average diet in the United States . They were then r and omly assigned to receive for eight weeks the control diet , a diet rich in fruits and vegetables , or a " combination " diet rich in fruits , vegetables , and low-fat dairy products and with reduced saturated and total fat . Sodium intake and body weight were maintained at constant levels . RESULTS At base line , the mean ( + /-SD ) systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 131.3+/-10.8 mm Hg and 84.7+/-4.7 mm Hg , respectively . The combination diet reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 5.5 and 3.0 mm Hg more , respectively , than the control diet ( P<0.001 for each ) ; the fruits- and -vegetables diet reduced systolic blood pressure by 2.8 mm Hg more ( P<0.001 ) and diastolic blood pressure by 1.1 mm Hg more than the control diet ( P=0.07 ) . Among the 133 subjects with hypertension ( systolic pressure , > or = 140 mm Hg ; diastolic pressure , > or = 90 mm Hg ; or both ) , the combination diet reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 11.4 and 5.5 mm Hg more , respectively , than the control diet ( P<0.001 for each ) ; among the 326 subjects without hypertension , the corresponding reductions were 3.5 mm Hg ( P<0.001 ) and 2.1 mm Hg ( P=0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in fruits , vegetables , and low-fat dairy foods and with reduced saturated and total fat can substantially lower blood pressure . This diet offers an additional nutritional approach to preventing and treating hypertension The effect of a health education programme on salt reduction and blood pressure was studied in two matched rural communities in Portugal , each of about 800 adult inhabitants . Initial salt intake was high ( about 360 mmol/person/day ) and 30 % of persons were hypertensive ( DBP 95 mmHg or above ) . In the intervention community average blood pressure fell by 3.6/5.0 mmHg at one year and 5.0/5.1 mmHg at two years , due to a general distribution shift . In the control community diastolic pressures remained stable and systolic pressures rose . The difference in trends between the two communities was highly significant . There were also significant correlations within individuals in the intervention community between fall in blood pressure and fall in urinary sodium/creatinine ratio . At least in this high-intake population a fall in salt consumption seems to have caused an important fall in average blood pressure In this study a non-pharmacological treatment ( NPT ) programme and conventional drug treatment of hypertension  was compared in a cost-benefit analysis . The NPT programme involved 400 patients and was conducted at 8 health centres during the period 1984 - 1986 . It consisted of monthly visits by a nurse , visits by a doctor every 6 months , home blood pressure ( BP ) measurements , dietary advice , relaxation , physical activity , etc . The patients were also followed up for 2 years after the study to assess whether the programme still worked , and whether future treatment costs were affected . The treatment costs were about SEK 5300 higher per patient for the NPT programme . The benefits , in the form of reduced treatment costs for the period 1986 - 1988 and willingness to pay ( WTP ) for the NPT programme , were about SEK 3200 . Thus the NPT programme result ed in a loss of about SEK 2100 per patient . However , a longer follow-up period is needed for any specific conclusions to be drawn about the costs and benefits of the NPT programme , as compared with conventional drug treatment 
    Output:
    
These are the result of much greater reductions in sodium intake than can be achieved by population advice , and may be further amplified by publication bias and effects of changes in other dietary components .
There is little trial evidence to enable possible benefits and adverse effects to be balanced .
Review s biased by the inclusion of nonr and omized studies exaggerate the apparent blood pressure fall 5- to 50-fold and create spurious apparent progressive falls in blood pressure .
Nevertheless , citation analysis shows that they are quoted much more frequently than rigorous review s reaching more negative conclusions .