***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Prediction of ovarian response prior to the first controlled ovarian stimulation ( COS ) cycle is useful in determining the optimal starting dose of recombinant FSH ( rFSH ) . However , potentially predictive factors may be subject to inter-cycle variability and many patients are pre-treated with oral contraceptives ( OC ) for scheduling purpose s. Our objective was to determine predictive factors of ovarian response for patients undergoing COS with rFSH in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol and to determine the inter-cycle variability of these factors . METHODS In this multinational trial , 442 patients were r and omized to receive either OC treatment or no treatment prior to their first COS cycle . For c and i date predictive factors , patient characteristics were collected at screening , and endocrine and sonographic data were collected during the early follicular phase of the two subsequent cycles . A treatment regimen of 200 IU rFSH and 0.25 mg ganirelix was applied during the second cycle . Predictive factors of ovarian response and of too low ( < 6 oocytes ) or too high ( > 18 oocytes ) ovarian responses were determined using stepwise linear regression and stepwise logistic regression , respectively . RESULTS Anti-Müllerian hormone ( AMH ) and basal FSH were statistically significant predictors of the number of oocytes retrieved and of an excessive ovarian response . For low ovarian response , AMH was the only significant predictive factor . In the non-OC group , the predictive value was higher than in the OC group and higher at the early follicular phase of the stimulation cycle than of the previous cycle . The inter-cycle variation for AMH was low compared with the inter-cycle variation of other hormones . Between the two groups , there were no differences in the number or quality of embryos obtained or transferred , but the implantation rate was significantly lower in the OC group ( 24.1 versus 30.1 % , P= 0.03 ) , result ing in an ongoing pregnancy rate of 26.3 % compared with 35.7 % in the non-OC group ( P= 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The best predictive model of ovarian response was in the non-OC group and included both AMH and basal FSH determined at the early follicular phase of the stimulation cycle . In the proceeding cycle , AMH alone had sufficient predictive value since it was not affected by inter-cycle variability or OC pretreatment Objective To study if luteal E2 pre-treatment before GnRH antagonist protocol improves IVF/ICSI outcomes compared with st and ard long GnRH agonist protocol . Design A prospect i ve , r and omized and controlled study . Setting ART center of a state public hospitalPatient(s)Two hundred twenty infertile women underwent IVF/ICSI treatments . Intervention(s ) Participants received oral Estradiol Valerate 4 mg/day preceding the IVF cycle from day 21 until day 2 of next cycle before GnRH antagonist protocol ( E2 pre-treatment group n = 109 ) or received st and ard long GnRH agonist protocol as control group ( n = 111).Main outcome measure(s)Number of oocytes collected , MII oocytes , fertilization , implantation , live birth and early pregnancy rate , and hormone profiles . Result (s)E2 pre-treatment exerted a significant suppressive effect on FSH but not LH secretion compared with basal FSH and LH levels . In E2 pre-treatment group serum LH level was significantly higher during COH and serum P was also significantly higher on the day of HCG injection compared with control group . Five patients from E2 pre-treatment group had elevated LH at all time ( ≥10 IU/L ) and also a concomitantly high P ( > 1 ng/mL ) . Two of the five women achieved pregnancy but had early pregnancy loss . Overall , IVF/ICSI outcomes such as implantation , clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar between E2 pre-treatment and control groups . Conclusion (s)Luteal E2 pre-treatment before GnRH antagonist protocol significantly increases serum LH level and incidence rate of premature LH but no significant effect is observed on implantation , clinical pregnancy , live birth and early pregnancy loss rates compared with long GnRH agonist protocol . However , more studies in large numbers of cycles are needed to confirm that increased serum LH level by E2 pre-treatment during COH has no negative effect on the IVF/ICSI outcomes The findings of our study indicate that women pretreated with E/progestin  demonstrate increased gonadotropin requirements when undergoing ovulation induction . Whether this treatment has a significant effect on the outcome of ovulation induction in patients receiving gonadotropins remains to be established OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of oral contraceptive ( OC ) pill pretreatment in recombinant FSH/GnRH-antagonist versus recombinant FSH/GnRH-agonist stimulation in in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) patients , and to evaluate optimization of retrieval day . DESIGN Prospect i ve , r and omized , multicenter study . SETTING Private practice and university centers . PATIENT(S ) Eighty patients undergoing IVF who met the appropriate inclusion criteria . INTERVENTION(S ) Four study centers recruited 80 patients . The OC regimen began on cycle days 2 to 4 and was discontinued on a Sunday after 14 to 28 days . The recombinant FSH regimen was begun on the following Friday . The GnRH-agonist group was treated with a long protocol ; the GnRH-antagonist was initiated when the lead follicle reached 12 to 14 mm . When two follicles had reached 16 to 18 mm , hCG was administered . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) The primary outcome measures were the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes , day of the week for oocyte retrieval , and total dose and days of stimulation of recombinant FSH .  Secondary efficacy variables included pregnancy and implantation rate ; serum E(2 ) levels on stimulation day 1 ; serum E(2 ) , P , and LH levels on the day of hCG administration ; follicle size on day 6 and day of hCG administration ; the total days of GnRH-analogue treatment ; total days on OC ; total days from end of OC to oocyte retrieval ; and the cycle cancellation rate . RESULT ( S ) Patient outcomes were similar for the days of stimulation , total dose of gonadotropin used , two-pronuclei embryos , pregnancy ( 44.4 % GnRH-antagonist vs. 45.0 % GnRH-agonist , P=.86 ) and implantation rates ( 22.2 % GnRH-antagonist vs. 26.4 % GnRH-agonist , P=.71 ) . Oral contraceptive cycle scheduling result ed in 78 % and 90 % of retrievals performed Monday through Friday for GnRH-antagonist and GnRH-agonist . A one day delay in OC discontinuation and recombinant FSH start would result in over 90 % of oocyte retrievals occurring Monday through Friday in both groups . CONCLUSION ( S ) The OC pretreatment in recombinant FSH/GnRH-antagonist protocol s provides a patient-friendly regimen and can be optimized for weekday retrievals . No difference was seen in number of 2PN embryos , cryopreserved embryos , embryos transferred , implantation and pregnancy rates between the two stimulation protocol BACKGROUND Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) may need a longer period of pituitary downregulation to suppress the elevated serum LH and and rogen levels effectively during IVF treatment using the GnRH agonist long protocol . We proposed a stimulation protocol incorporating Diane-35 and GnRH antagonist ( Diane/cetrorelix protocol ) and compared it with the GnRH agonist long protocol for PCOS patients . METHODS Part I of the study was an observational pilot study to evaluate the hormonal change as a result of the Diane/cetrorelix protocol  ( n = 26 ) . Part II of the study was a prospect i ve r and omized study comparing the Diane/cetrorelix protocol ( n = 25 ) and the GnRH agonist long protocol ( n = 24 ) . In the Diane/cetrorelix protocol , patients were pre-treated with three cycles of Diane-35 , followed by 0.25 mg of cetrorelix on cycle day 3 . From day 4 , cetrorelix and gonadotrophin were administered concomitantly until the day of HCG injection . RESULTS Serum LH , estradiol and testosterone levels were suppressed comparably in both protocol s at the start of gonadotrophin administration . Serum LH was suppressed at constant levels without a premature LH surge in the Diane/cetrorelix protocol . The clinical results for both protocol s were comparable , with significantly fewer days of injection , lower amounts of gonadotrophin used and lower estradiol levels on the day of HCG injection following the Diane/cetrorelix protocol . Furthermore , there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy outcome between the two stimulation protocol s. CONCLUSIONS The Diane/cetrorelix protocol has a similar pregnancy outcome to the GnRH agonist long protocol for women with PCOS undergoing IVF treatment OBJECTIVE To investigate whether luteal E(2 ) administration reduces size discrepancies of early antral follicles . DESIGN Prospect i ve , crossover study . SETTING ART unit , Clamart , France . PATIENT(S ) Sixty women and 120 cycles . INTERVENTION(S ) On cycle day 3 ( baseline day 3 ) , all women underwent measurements of early antral follicles by ultrasound and serum FSH and ovarian hormones .  From day 20 until the next cycle day 2 , 30 of them received oral 17beta-E(2 ) , whereas the remaining women served as controls . The day after E(2 ) discontinuation ( E(2 ) day 3 ) or on subsequent cycle day 3 ( control day 3 ) , participants were reevaluated as on baseline day 3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Magnitude of follicular size discrepancies . RESULT ( S ) Follicular size discrepancies and follicular diameters were significantly attenuated on E(2 ) day 3 ( 3.7 + /- 0.5 mm ) as compared with baseline day 3 ( 4.9 + /- 1.0 mm ) , but not in controls ( 5.0 + /- 0.8 vs. 4.9 + /- 0.8 mm ) . FSH ( 4.3 + /- 1.9 vs. 7.3 + /- 3.3 mIU/mL ) and inhibin B ( 34 + /- 28 vs. 71 + /- 32 pg/mL ) levels were consistently lower on E(2 ) day 3 than on baseline day 3 but remained unchanged in controls . CONCLUSION ( S ) Luteal E(2 ) administration reduces the size and improves the homogeneity of early antral follicles on day 3 . This approach may be instrumental in synchronizing follicular development during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation The purpose of this study was to investigate the ovarian response and the receptivity of the endometrium in women pre-treated with micronized progesterone . Eighty-two normogonodotropic women undergoing in vitro fertilization were studied . Thirty received micronized progesterone 1500 mg/day from day 21 of the cycle for a minimum of 2 weeks , and 52 did not receive micronized progesterone ( control group ) . A gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist ( GnRH-a ) was administered to all the patients in the follicular phase ( flare-up ) . Twenty-five cycles were cancelled for fertilization failure due to male factor , 12 ( 40 % ) in the progesterone group and 13 ( 25 % ) in the control group ( p = 0.271 ) . There was no difference in the number of oocytes retrieved ( 7.3 ± 5 vs. 8.2 ± 4 ) , fertilization rate ( 50.8 % vs. 65 % ) , clinical pregnancy rate ( 16.6 % vs. 25 % ) or implantation rate ( 8 % vs. 14 % ) . In the progesterone group cases without fertilization , we performed two biopsies to evaluate the receptivity of the endometrium . Pinopode expression was noted 7 days after oocyte retrieval . It seems that the administration of micronized progesterone in the previous cycle does not affect the ovarian response to the combination of follicular phase GnRH-a and gonadotropins , nor the receptivity of the endometrium BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the non-inferiority of an oral contraceptive (OC)-pretreated cetrorelix regimen and a buserelin regimen in IVF/ICSI patients treated with r-hFSH in terms of total number of oocytes retrieved . METHODS Multicentre , r and omized study . One hundred and eighty two patients were r and omized to receive cetrorelix with OC pretreatment ( n = 91 ) or to receive buserelin ( n = 91 ) . The cetrorelix group started with daily OCs on cycle day 5 and continued for 21 - 28 days . Cetrorelix ( 0.25 mg ) was given daily from stimulation day 6 up to and including the day of r-hCG administration . The 
    Output:
    
MAIN RESULTS No evidence of effect was found with regard to the number of live births when using a pre-treatment .
There was evidence of improved pregnancy outcomes with progestogen pre-treatment and poorer pregnancy outcomes with a combined OCP pre-treatment .