***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To present and determine the impact of the Mindfulness-Based Program for Infertility ( MBPI ) . DESIGN Controlled clinical trial . SETTING University research unit . PATIENT(S ) Fifty-five infertile women completed the MBPI , and 37 infertile women were assigned to a control group . INTERVENTION(S ) The MBPI includes 10 weekly sessions , in a group format , with a duration of about 2 hours each ( men attend three sessions ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) St and ardized measures of depression , state anxiety , entrapment , defeat , internal and external shame , experiential avoidance , mindfulness , self-compassion , and infertility self-efficacy were endorsed pre- and post-MBPI . RESULT ( S ) The MBPI group and the control group were shown to be equivalent at baseline . By the end of the MBPI , women who attended the program revealed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms , internal and external shame , entrapment , and defeat . Inversely , they presented statistically significant improvement in mindfulness skills and self-efficacy to deal with infertility . Women in the control group did not present significant changes in any of the psychological measures , except for a decrease in self-judgment . CONCLUSION ( S ) Increasing mindfulness and acceptance skills , as well as cognitive decentering from thoughts and feelings , seem to help women to experience negative inner states in new ways , decreasing their entanglement with them and thus their psychological distress . Data suggest that the MBPI is an effective psychological intervention for women experiencing infertility Infertile women express higher levels of distress than fertile women , with distress peaking between the 2nd and 3rd year . The purpose of this study was to determine whether group psychological interventions could prevent this surge . One hundred eighty-four women who had been trying to conceive between 1 and 2 years were r and omized into either a cognitive-behavioral group , a support group , or a control group . All experimental participants attended a 10-session group program . Participants completed psychological question naires at intake and again at 6 and 12 months . Substantial attrition occurred , particularly in the control group . The cognitive-behavioral and support participants experienced significant psychological improvement at 6 and 12 months compared with the control participants , with the cognitive-behavioral participants experiencing the greatest positive change UNLABELLED RATIONALE , AIMS & OBJECTIVE : Tools for the assessment of the quality of research studies tend to be specific to a particular research design ( e.g. r and omized controlled trials , or qualitative interviews ) . This makes it difficult to assess the quality of a body of research that addresses the same or a similar research question but using different approaches . The aim of this paper is to describe the development and preliminary evaluation of a  quality assessment tool that can be applied to a method ologically diverse set of research articles . METHODS The  16-item quality assessment tool ( QATSDD )  was assessed to determine its reliability and validity when used by health services research ers in the disciplines of psychology , sociology and nursing . Qualitative feedback was also gathered from mixed- methods health research ers regarding the comprehension , content , perceived value and usability of the tool . RESULTS Reference to existing widely used quality assessment tools and experts in systematic review confirmed that the components of the tool represented the construct of ' good research technique ' being assessed . Face validity was subsequently established through feedback from a sample of nine health research ers .  Inter-rater reliability was established through substantial agreement between three review ers when applying the tool to a set of three research papers ( κ = 71.5 % ) , and good to substantial agreement between their scores at time 1 and after a 6-week interval at time 2 confirmed test-retest reliability . CONCLUSIONS The QATSDD shows good reliability and validity for use in the quality assessment of a diversity of studies , and may be an extremely useful tool for review ers to st and ardize and increase the rigour of their assessment s in review s of the published papers which include qualitative and quantitative work The aim of the study is to determine whether a cognitive-behavioral group treatment could lead to a decrease of psychological distress in couples waiting for assisted reproduction . Fifty consecutive couples included in the waiting list for IVF-ET or ICSI were r and omly allocated either to receive Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment ( CBT Group ) or just waiting ( Observation Group ) . The group is formed by 8 - 10 couples ; 12 meetings are provided for a period of 4 months . Two psychometric test have been administered ( Symptom Rating Test and Westbrook Coping Scales ) at baseline and after 4 months . At baseline , females showed a higher level of SRT than males ( F = 16.6 ± 14.1 ; M = 10.2 ± 9.0 ; < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.01 ) . This became evident for anxiety ( F = 5.6 ± 4.9 ; M = 3.3 ± 3.0 , < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.004 ) , somatization ( F = 3.0 ± 2.5 ; M = 1.8 ± 2.1 , < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.01 ) and feelings of inadequacy ( F = 3.9 ± 3.7 ; M = 2.3 ± 2.7 , < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.01 ) . After 4 months in the males of Observation Group ( from 2.3 ± 2.0 to 4.0 ± 2.8 , < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.01 ) there was an increase of the level of anxiety . No other meaningful differences in other variables were found . In females of CBT Group a trend towards a significant decrease in the total value of psychological uneasiness ( the SRT ) ( from 17.7 ± 13.7 to 14.1 ± 14.0 , < emph type="7" > p</emph > = 0.07 ) was found . A long wait before the scheduled intervention of assisted reproduction increased anxiety levels , namely in male partners . CBT avoids such a ' waiting stress ' and could be useful for stimulating discussion and awareness inside the couple . Shortening the waiting list and psychological support would be provided by infertility BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate a model of routine pre-IVF counselling  focusing on the narrative capacities of couples . The acceptability of counselling , the effects on emotional factors and the participants ' assessment s were considered . METHODS The study included 141 consecutive childless couples preparing for their first IVF .  R and omization was carried out through sealed envelopes attributing participants to counselled and non-counselled groups and was accepted by 100 couples . Another 12 couples refused r and omization because they wanted counselling and 29 because they did not . Question naires including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , the Beck Depression Inventory and assessment s of help  were mailed to couples before IVF and counselling , and after the IVF outcome . RESULTS Counselling was accepted by 79 % ( 112/141 ) of couples . There was no significant effect of counselling on anxiety and depression scores which were within normal ranges at both times . Counselling provided help for 86 % ( 75/87 ) of initially non-dem and ing subjects and 96 % ( 25/26 ) of those initially requesting a session . Help was noted in areas of psychological assistance , technical explanations and discussing relationships . CONCLUSIONS This model of routine counselling centred on the narrative provides an acceptable form of psychological assistance for pre-IVF couples OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of two different group psychological interventions on viable pregnancy rates in women experiencing infertility of less than 2 years ' duration . DESIGN Prospect i ve , controlled , single-blind , r and omized study . SETTING Large tertiary-care teaching hospital . PATIENT(S ) One hundred eighty-four women who had been trying to get pregnant for 1 to 2 years . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants were r and omized into a 10-session cognitive-behavioral group , a st and ard support group , or a routine care control group . They were followed for 1 year . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Viable pregnancy . RESULT ( S ) Sixty-four [ corrected ] women discontinued participation in the study within the first year . There were a total of 47 in the cognitive-behavioral group , 48 in the support group , and 25 in the control group . There were statistically significant differences between participants in the two intervention groups versus the control group . CONCLUSION ( S ) Group psychological interventions appear to lead to increased pregnancy rates in infertile women BACKGROUND The aims were : ( i ) . to identify gender differences in evaluation of  medical and patient-centred ( psychosocial ) care  in  fertility clinics and ( ii ) . to identify predictors of satisfaction . METHODS An epidemiological prospect i ve study based on question naire responses among all new couples attending five fertility clinics . The response rate at the 12 month follow-up was 87.7 % and included a total of 1934 patients . RESULTS During the follow-up period about two-thirds had achieved a pregnancy and about a third became parents . The participants were satisfied with both the medical and patient-centred ( psychosocial ) services . There were no sex differences in the evaluation of treatment except that women were more satisfied than men with how the staff had performed their medical examinations . Satisfaction with medical and patient-centred services was positively associated with a treatment-related pregnancy/delivery and the report of marital benefits result ing from the infertility experience . Lower social class was a significant predictor for satisfaction . CONCLUSIONS Both men and women in fertility treatment had high ratings on medical and patient-centred care . It seemed that satisfaction with the psychosocial services was higher than in earlier studies from other countries OBJECTIVE This study evaluates a patient education programme focussed on improving communication and stress management skills among couples in fertility treatment . METHODS In total , 37 couples completed the intervention . Two teachers conducted all the five courses offered . The effectiveness regarding communication and infertility-related stress was assessed by question naires immediately before ( time T1 ) and after the intervention ( time T2 ) . Seeking of information and professional support was assessed at a 12-month follow-up ( time T3 ) ; response rates were : T1 , 93.2 % ; T2 , 85.1 % ; T3 , 74.3 % . Data were compared at baseline ( T1 ) and at the 12-month follow-up ( T3 ) with a prospect i ve cohort of Danish people in fertility treatment . RESULTS There were no differences in infertility-related stress at base line between the two groups studied . We estimated the bi-directional changes in communication , e.g. , changes from talking often to talking less frequently and vice versa . More intervention participants started to talk often with their partner about infertility and its treatment after the intervention compared to those who stopped to talk often . Women and men changed occurrence , frequency and content of communication with close other people . Among women marital benefit increased significantly . Infertility-related stress was not reduced significantly . Significantly more intervention participants than in the comparison group had contacted support groups , a psychologist and /or agencies for adoption at the 12-month follow-up . CONCLUSION The intervention result ed in important perceived improvement in the participants ' competence to actively manage changes in marital communication and in communication in different social arenas . PRACTICE IMPLICATION S We recommend fertility clinics to develop and evaluate different interventions for those fertility couples who ask for more psychosocial support BACKGROUND : Infertility causes psychological and emotional tension in the couples and makes severe stress on infertile men and women .  Relaxation technique is one of the methods that reduces the stress and can balance the human 's emotions . This study aim ed to determine the effect of relaxation on the infertile women 's  stress score . METHODS : This was a semi-experimental and clinical trial study . Participants r and omly divided into two groups . At the beginning , the stress scores were assessed in both groups using Newton 's infertility stress question naire . The participants ’ stress scores were evaluated and then , the relaxation technique was implemented on the intervention group . This technique was performed in twelve sessions . All the question naires were completed under supervision of the research er after embryo was transferred to the uterus ( after 2 weeks ) and before conducting the pregnancy test . RESULTS : Independent t-test showed that the total stress score did not have a significant difference in groups before the intervention ( p > 0.05 ) whereas independent t-test indicated a significant difference in stress scores between the two groups after the intervention ( p < 0.05 ) . Stress score was higher in the control group in comparison with the intervention group . CONCLUSIONS : Relaxation technique can reduce the stress score in infertile women as a complementary and alternative medicine method The aim of this prospect i ve , controlled study was to investigate the impact of participation in extended encounters with midwives on the psychological well-being of women undergoing IVF treatment and on their experience of treatment procedures . A total of 166 couples were studied during their first IVF treatment at the authors ' IVF unit , of which 49 underwent intervention via extended midwife encounters .  Participants answered question naires on three occasions . Psychological effects of infertility and questions regarding the relationship with the partner were considered . On the third occasion , two open-ended questions regarding perception of the treatment and the support by the staff were assessed . Regarding the psychological effects of infertility and the relationship with the partner , no significant differences were found between the intervention group versus the control group . Analysis of the open-ended questions result ed in the finding that significantly ( P = 0.01 ) more women in the intervention group expressed satisfaction with the care . No impact of the intervention on psychological well-being was noted . However , the intervention seemed to be an effective method to give cou 
    Output:
    
Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) , acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT ) , and counseling  were the most commonly adopted psychosocial interventions for infertile individuals or couples .