***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Introduction : First-line treatment with bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with advanced , nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer ( NSNSCLC ) in phase III clinical trials . SAiL ( MO19390 ) , an open-label , multicenter , single-arm study , evaluated the safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in clinical practice . This report presents the results of a preplanned sub analysis of Asian patients enrolled in SAiL. Methods : Patients with untreated , locally advanced , metastatic or recurrent NSNSCLC received bevacizumab 7.5 or 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks plus chemotherapy for up to six cycles , followed by single-agent bevacizumab until disease progression . Eligibility criteria for SAiL permitted enrolment of a broad patient population . The primary end point was safety ; secondary end points included time to disease progression and overall survival . Results : The Asian intent-to-treat population comprised 314 of the 2212 patients enrolled in the SAiL trial . In the Asian sub analysis , patients received a median of nine cycles of bevacizumab , and the median follow-up was 16.4 months . The incidence of clinical ly significant adverse events ( grade ≥3 ) of special interest was relatively low in this population ( 15.6 % overall ) ; proteinuria ( 7.6 % ) , hypertension ( 4.8 % ) , and bleeding ( 2.5 % ) were the most common . A total of five adverse events related to bevacizumab were reported as grade 5 . Disease control rate was 94.1 % , median time to disease progression was 8.3 months , and median overall survival was 18.9 months . Conclusions : The safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in Asian patients with advanced NSNSCLC is consistent with that demonstrated in phase III studies and in the overall SAiL population . There were no new safety signals PURPOSE The phase III BEYOND trial was undertaken to confirm in a Chinese patient population the efficacy seen with first-line bevacizumab plus platinum doublet chemotherapy in globally conducted studies . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients age ≥ 18 years with locally advanced , metastatic , or recurrent advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) were r and omly assigned to receive carboplatin ( area under the curve , 6 ) intravenously and paclitaxel ( 175 mg/m(2 ) ) intravenously ( CP ) on day 1 of each 3-week cycle , for ≤ six cycles , plus placebo ( Pl+CP ) or bevacizumab ( B+CP ) 15 mg/kg intravenously , on day 1 of each cycle , until progression , unacceptable toxicity , or death . The primary end point was progression-free survival ( PFS ) ; secondary end points were objective response rate , overall survival , exploratory biomarkers , safety . RESULTS A total of 276 patients were r and omly assigned , 138 to each arm . PFS was prolonged with B+CP versus Pl+CP ( median , 9.2 v 6.5 months , respectively ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.40 ; 95 % CI , 0.29 to 0.54 ; P < .001 ) . Objective response rate was improved with B+CP compared with Pl+CP ( 54 % v 26 % , respectively ) . Overall survival was also prolonged with B+CP compared with Pl+CP ( median , 24.3 v 17.7 months , respectively ; HR , 0.68 ; 95 % CI , 0.50 to 0.93 ; P = .0154 ) . Median PFS was 12.4 months with B+CP and 7.9 months with Pl+CP ( HR , 0.27 ; 95 % CI , 0.12 to 0.63 ) in EGFR mutation-positive tumors and 8.3 and 5.6 months , respectively ( HR , 0.33 ; 95 % CI , 0.21 to 0.53 ) , in wild-type tumors . Safety was similar to previous studies of B+CP in NSCLC ; no new safety signals were observed . CONCLUSION The addition to bevacizumab to carboplatin/paclitaxel was well tolerated and result ed in a clinical ly meaningful treatment benefit in Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC Aim : The phase III AVAiL study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti‐vascular epidermal growth factor agent bevacizumab combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment in patients with advanced non – small‐cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . We report the results of a preplanned analysis of Asian patients enrolled in BACKGROUND Bevacizumab , a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor , has been shown to benefit patients with a variety of cancers . METHODS Between July 2001 and April 2004 , the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG ) conducted a r and omized study in which 878 patients with recurrent or advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( stage IIIB or IV ) were assigned to chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin alone ( 444 ) or paclitaxel and carboplatin plus bevacizumab ( 434 ) . Chemotherapy was administered every 3 weeks for six cycles , and bevacizumab was administered every 3 weeks until disease progression was evident or toxic effects were intolerable . Patients with squamous-cell tumors , brain metastases , clinical ly significant hemoptysis , or inadequate organ function or performance status ( ECOG performance status , > 1 ) were excluded . The primary end point was overall survival . RESULTS The median survival was 12.3 months in the group assigned to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab , as compared with 10.3 months in the chemotherapy-alone group ( hazard ratio for death , 0.79 ; P=0.003 ) . The median progression-free survival in the two groups was 6.2 and 4.5 months , respectively ( hazard ratio for disease progression , 0.66 ; P<0.001 ) , with corresponding response rates of 35 % and 15 % ( P<0.001 ) . Rates of clinical ly significant bleeding were 4.4 % and 0.7 % , respectively ( P<0.001 ) . There were 15 treatment-related deaths in the chemotherapy-plus-bevacizumab group , including 5 from pulmonary hemorrhage . CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to paclitaxel plus carboplatin in the treatment of selected patients with non-small-cell lung cancer has a significant survival benefit with the risk of increased treatment-related deaths . ( Clinical Trials.gov number , NCT00021060 . BACKGROUND We conducted a r and omized study to determine whether any of three chemotherapy regimens was superior to cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer . METHODS A total of 1207 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were r and omly assigned to a reference regimen of cisplatin and paclitaxel or to one of three experimental regimens : cisplatin and gemcitabine , cisplatin and docetaxel , or carboplatin and paclitaxel . RESULTS The response rate for all 1155 eligible patients was 19 percent , with a median survival of 7.9 months ( 95 percent confidence interval , 7.3 to 8.5 ) , a 1-year survival rate of 33 percent ( 95 percent confidence interval , 30 to 36 percent ) , and a 2-year survival rate of 11 percent ( 95 percent confidence interval , 8 to 12 percent ) . The response rate and survival did not differ significantly between patients assigned to receive cisplatin and paclitaxel and those assigned to receive any of the three experimental regimens . Treatment with cisplatin and gemcitabine was associated with a significantly longer time to the progression of disease than was treatment with cisplatin and paclitaxel but was more likely to cause grade 3 , 4 , or 5 renal toxicity ( in 9 percent of patients , vs. 3 percent of those treated with cisplatin plus paclitaxel ) . Patients with a performance status of 2 had a significantly lower rate of survival than did those with a performance status of 0 or 1 . CONCLUSIONS None of four chemotherapy regimens offered a significant advantage over the others in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer PURPOSE We investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor ( rhuMAb VEGF ) in patients with cancer . PATIENTS AND METHODS Cohorts of patients with metastatic cancer having failed prior therapy entered a phase I trial of rhuMAb VEGF administered by a 90-minute intravenous infusion at doses from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/kg on days 0 , 28 , 35 , and 42 . Patients underwent pharmacokinetic sampling on day 0 and had serum sample s obtained during the subsequent 28 days . Response assessment was carried out on days 49 and 72 . RESULTS Twenty-five patients with a median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 were accrued . There were no grade III or IV adverse events definitely related to the antibody . There were three episodes of tumor-related bleeding . Infusions of rhuMAb VEGF were well tolerated without significant toxicity . Grade s I and II adverse events possibly or probably related to study drug included asthenia , headache , and nausea . Pharmacokinetics revealed a linear profile with a half-life of 21 days . There were no objective responses , though 12 patients experienced stable disease over the duration of the study . CONCLUSION rhuMAb VEGF was safely administered without dose-limiting toxicity at doses ranging up to 10 mg/kg . Multiple doses of rhuMAb VEGF were well tolerated , and pharmacokinetic studies indicate that doses of > or = 0.3 mg/kg have a half-life similar to that of other humanized antibodies . Subsequent trials will explore rhuMAb VEGF alone and in combination chemotherapy PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dulanermin combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin ( PC ) and bevacizumab ( PCB ) as first-line treatment for advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with squamous NSCLC and /or CNS metastases received PC every 3 weeks alone ( arm 1 ) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days ( arm 2 ) . Patients with nonsquamous NSCLC received PCB alone ( arm 3 ) or with dulanermin 8 mg/kg for 5 days ( arm 4 ) or 20 mg/kg for 2 days ( arm 5 ) . The primary end point was the objective response rate ( ORR ) . RESULTS Overall , 213 patients were r and omly assigned ( arm 1 , n = 41 ; arm 2 , n = 39 ; arm 3 , n = 42 ; arm 4 , n = 40 ; arm 5 , n = 41 ) . The ORR in arms 1 to 5 was 39 % ( 95 % CI , 24 % to 56 % ) , 38 % ( 95 % CI , 24 % to 54 % ) , 50 % ( 95 % CI , 35 % to 65 % ) , 40 % ( 95 % CI , 25 % to 56 % ) , and 40 % ( 95 % CI , 25 % to 56 % ) , respectively . The odds ratio for ORR was 1.04 ( P = 1.000 ) for arm 1 versus arm 2 , 1.53 ( P = .391 ) for arm 3 and versus arm 4 , and 1.53 ( P = .391 ) for arm 3 versus arm 5 . The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were neutropenia , asthenia , anemia , thrombocytopenia , and hemoptysis . Of 161 available serum sample s , a trend toward increased caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 was observed after dulanermin treatment in cycles 1 and 2 . Among 84 patients evaluated for GalNT14 expression , there was a trend toward favorable progression-free survival and overall survival with dulanermin treatment in those with high GalNT14 expression . CONCLUSION The addition of dulanermin to PC and PCB did not improve outcomes in unselected patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent NSCLC PURPOSE Bevacizumab , a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor , improves survival when combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . This r and omized phase III trial investigated the efficacy and safety of cisplatin/gemcitabine ( CG ) plus bevacizumab in this setting . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were r and omly assigned to receive cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2 ) for up to six cycles plus low-dose bevacizumab ( 7.5 mg/kg ) , high-dose 
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However , grade ≥ 3 neutropenia , haemoptysis , hypertension , proteinuria and bleeding events were more common among patients who received Bev , and these patients also experienced increased rates of treatment-related death .
Conclusions Compared with PC alone , the combination of PC with Bev could prolong PFS , OS and RR for patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC .
However , this combination could lead to a higher toxicity profile .