***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: PURPOSE Bone resorption following tooth loss often limits the quantity of bone available for implant placement . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of 10-mm or shorter machined-surface implants when used exclusively in the treatment of various forms of edentulism . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Two hundred sixty-nine screw-type Brånemark System implants ( Nobel Biocare ) , 10 mm or shorter , were placed in 111 consecutively treated patients . Of the total , 88.8 % were placed in the m and ible and 11.2 % were placed in the maxilla ; 95.2 % were used to treat partially edentulous situations , including single-tooth losses , of which 96.6 % were in the premolar and molar regions . The patients were followed for periods of 12 to 92 months . RESULTS Of the 269 placed implants , 12 were lost . The overall survival rate was 95.5 % . Bone quality 2 and 3 ( Lekholm-Zarb classification of 1985 ) was found in 88.8 % of the treated sites . There was no statistical difference in the survival rate of the 10-mm implants when compared to the shorter series ( P > .05 ) or between the various implant diameters . The mean marginal bone loss was 0.71 + /- 0.65 mm . DISCUSSION The failure rate of 4.5 % compares favorably with that of implants of different shape , surface characteristics , and length . Bone quality appeared to be the critical factor in implant survival , rather than bone quantity , in this patient series . CONCLUSIONS This study supports the survival of short , machined-surface implants when used for the treatment of partial edentulism in bone of good quality PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve multicenter study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3i threaded implants for the treatment of edentulous patients in a 1- to 5-year period . This article reports the total data and global results of 3 threaded design s of 3i implants : self-tapping , ICE , and Osseotite . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 1,583 implants ( 619 ICE  , 545 Osseotite , and 419 self-tapping ) were placed between 1995 and 1999 in 528 patients at 13 European clinical centers . The average age of the patients was 53.6 years .  Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed annually for up to 5 years . RESULTS Of the total implants , 707 were placed in the maxilla and 876 in the m and ible . A total of 1,162 implants were placed in posterior segments . Forty-eight implants were lost to follow-up and 55 were failures . The most frequent prosthetic indication was the short-span fixed prosthesis ( 440 cases ) , followed by 172 single-tooth replacements , 56 long-span prostheses , and 4 overdentures . Radiographic evaluation after 6 , 12 , and 24 months of implant loading showed , respectively , mean crestal bone loss of 0.04 + /- 1.3 mm , 0.12 + /- 1.6 mm , and 0.2 + /- 1.7 mm . A cumulative survival rate of 96.5 % was observed 5 years after implant placement , with 97.2 % survival in the maxilla and 95.8 % in the m and ible . The survival rate was similar in anterior ( 96.7 % ) and posterior ( 96.5 % ) segments . DISCUSSION A total of 55 failures were reported in this study with 47 early failures and 8 late failures . The rate of late failures is of utmost importance for the restorative dentist . CONCLUSION This clinical study gives evidence of very high success rates using 3 threaded design s of 3i implants The use of osseointegrated implants is an accepted procedure for the treatment of complete or partially edentulous jaws . The purpose of this prospect i ve long-term study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of endosseous dental implants ( machined surface ) in partially edentulous patients . A total of 76 patients ( 47 females , 29 males ) with 214 implants ( 68 maxillary , 146 m and ibulary ) were evaluated . Their mean age was 45 , ranging from 18 to 76 years . The implant length varied between 7 and 15 mm , the diameter between 3.4 and 6 mm . Nine implants were lost before abutment connection . Follow-up visits were scheduled at 3 and 6 months , 1 year , 2 and 3 years after insertion of the prostheses . Radiographic examination included intraoral periapical films to evaluate the horizontal and vertical bone loss . During the follow-up period , 18 implants in 10 patients were classified as failures . Fifteen implants were lost , and three implants were considered failures because of vertical bone loss greater than 0.2 mm per year after the first year of functional loading . The marginal bone loss averaged 2.1 mm in the maxillae and m and ibles . According to the Kaplan-Meier estimator the probable implant survival and success is at 93 % and 88 % respectively after 63 months . Long implants ( > 10 mm ) have a significantly better chance of survival than shorter implants ( < or = 10 mm ) . The results of this prospect i ve study indicate that 3i endosseous dental implants provide an average foundation for implant-supported restorations Forty-eight Endopore dental implants were placed in the posterior m and ibles of 24 partially edentulous patients . Seventeen of these implants replaced premolar teeth , while 31 replaced molars . Only 7-mm and 9-mm implants were used , and the majority of prosthetic restorations ( 83 % ) were single crowns . After a mean functional time of 32.6 months ( range , 8.2 to 50.3 months ) , the implant survival rate was 100 % and assessment of available radiographic data showed minimal to no crestal bone loss PURPOSE The use of implants for prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients is increasing . However , the possibilities of placing implants in the posterior part of the m and ible are often limited . The purpose of this longitudinal study with 10 years of follow-up was to evaluate the use of short implants supporting fixed partial dentures ( FPD ) in the posterior part of the m and ible , and to compare implant supported FPDs to tooth-implant supported FPDs . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The patient material comprised 23 patients with residual m and ibular anterior teeth , and each patient received FPDs unilaterally . On one side the FPD was supported by two implants , and on the other side by one implant and one tooth , thus permitting intraindividual comparison . The distribution of the two types of FPDs in each jaw was r and omized . Implant success rates , marginal bone changes , and mechanical complications were studied . RESULTS The tooth-implant connection did not demonstrate any negative influences on the overall success rates for the 10-year period , nor were the shorter implants found to be less favorable . CONCLUSION It is suggested that a prosthetic construction supported by both a tooth and an implant may be recommended as a predictable and reliable treatment alternative in the posterior m and ible This is the first report of a group of 50 partially edentulous patients who received a total of 151 Endopore dental implants in the maxilla . A mean implant length of 8.7 mm was used , and 76.8 % of implants were placed in the posterior maxilla . At re-entry , all implants appeared to be osseointegrated and were used to support fixed prostheses . Approximately half of the crowns ( 57 % ) in these prostheses were splinted to one another , while the remainder ( 43 % ) were not . At the time of this report , the mean functional time was 34.6 months and the cumulative survival rate was 97.3 % ( 4 implants had failed ) . Analysis of carefully st and ardized sequential radiographs indicated no significant changes in mean crestal bone levels between baseline and any of the examination times ( after 6 months , 1 year , and 2 years in function ) . There were no detectable correlations between crestal bone loss and the factors implant length ( 7 , 9 , or 12 mm ) ; implant diameter ( 3.5 , 4.1 , or 5.0 mm ) ; implant position anteriorly or posteriorly in the maxilla ; or whether or not the implant-supported crowns were splinted In the present multi-center study , non-submerged ITI implants were prospect ively followed to evaluate their long-term prognosis in fully and partially edentulous patients . In a total of 1003 patients , 2359 implants were consecutively inserted . Following a healing period of 3 - 6 months , the successfully integrated implants were restored with 393 removable and 758 fixed restorations . Subsequently , all consecutive implants were documented annually up to 8 years . At each examination , the clinical status of all implants was evaluated according to predefined criteria of success . Therefore , the data base allowed the evaluation of 8-year cumulative survival and success rates for 2359 implants . In addition , cumulative success rates were calculated for implant subgroups divided per implant type , implant length , and implant location . Furthermore , the actual 5-year survival and success rates could be determined for 488 implants . During the healing period , 13 implants did not successfully integrate , whereas 2346 implants fulfilled the predefined criteria of success . This corresponds with an early failure rate of 0.55 % . During follow-up , 19 implants were classified as failures due to several reasons . In addition , 17 implants ( approximately 0.8 % ) demonstrated at the last annual examination a suppurative periimplant infection . Including 127 drop out implants (= 5.4 % drop out rate ) into the calculation , the 8-year cumulative survival and success rates result ed in 96.7 % and 93.3 % , respectively . The analysis of implant subgroups showed slightly more favorable cumulative success rates for screw type implants ( > 95 % ) compared to hollow-cylinder implants ( 91.3 % ) , and clearly better success rates for m and ibular implants ( approximately 95 % ) when compared to maxillary implants ( approximately 87 % ) . The actual 5-year survival and success rates of 488 implants with 98.2 % and 97.3 % , respectively , were slightly better than the estimated 5-year cumulative survival and success rates of 2359 implants indicating that the applied life table analysis is a reliable statistical method to evaluate the long-term prognosis of dental implants . It can be concluded that non-submerged ITI implants maintain success rates well above 90 % in different clinical centers for observation periods up to 8 years PURPOSE Controversy over the long-term clinical effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated dental implants still persists , despite numerous clinical studies documenting high survival rates . The Ohio State University College of Dentistry undertook a 5-year prospect i ve study of 429 HA-coated cylindric implants placed into 121 patients to determine the long-term clinical performance of the implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS All study subjects were patients screened and evaluated in the university 's dental clinic by one of the principal investigators and one member of the surgical team . A total of 429 HA-coated implants were placed in 121 patients . The Ohio State University Human Subjects Committee approved and review ed this study . RESULTS At the time of this report , 375 implants had completed 5 years of clinical follow-up . Beyond the 5-year limit of the study , 282 implants had completed 6 years and 114 implants had completed 7 years of clinical monitoring . The cumulative survival rate was 96 % at 5 years and 95 % at 7 years of follow-up . Mean combined mesial/distal bone loss was 1.2 mm in the m and ible and 1.4 mm in the maxilla after 5 years of functional loading . Implant failures were most commonly associated with short implants or angled abutments . DISCUSSION Prospect i ve clinical data are extremely valuable for clinicians evaluating the reliability of dental implant systems . In the present study , the implants achieved 100 % osseointegration with minimal marginal bone loss , and 96 % of the implants remained in function at 5 years . CONCLUSION The HA-coated cylindric implants in this study provided a predictable means of oral rehabilitation BACKGROUND Placement of  implants  into molar positions presents diagnostic , surgical and prosthetic challenges . There are few reported studies for implants placed into molar positions . The purpose of this prospect i ve longitudinal study is to report long-term clinical outcomes for 282 implants placed into molar positions . METHODS Two-hundred-twelve patients received 282 implants .  Implant size , location , jaw shape , and bone quality were recorded for all implants placed into molar positions . Seventy implants were inserted in maxillae and 212 in m and ibles .  Marginal bone level changes in maxillae and m and ibles were measured from non-st and ardized periapical radiographs taken at abutment connection and an average follow-up of 3.9 years . Mesial-distal implant measurements were made from the top of the implant cylinder to the first point of bone to implant contact . In m and ibles , 39 implants were used for single molar replacements , 67 implants were placed into excellent bone quality ( type I ) and 
    Output:
    
There is fair evidence that short ( < 10 mm ) implants can be placed successfully in the partially edentulous patient , although with a tendency towards an increasing survival rate per implant length , and the prognosis may be better in the m and ible of non smoking patients