***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)-infection as a cause of iron deficiency ( ID ) and iron-deficiency anemia ( IDA ) or treatment failure of iron supplementation . METHODS We r and omized 200 Hp-infected children ( positive urea breath test ) 2 - 5 years of age with IDA ( hemoglobin level < 110 g/L ; serum ferritin level < 12 microg/L ; and soluble transferrin receptor > 8.3 mg/L ) or ID ( serum ferritin level < 12 microg/L or soluble transferrin receptor level > 8.3 mg/L ) to 1 of 4 regimens : 2-week anti-Hp therapy ( amoxicillin , clarithromycin , and omeprazole ) plus 90-day oral ferrous sulfate ( anti-Hp plus iron ) , 2-week anti-Hp therapy alone , 90-day oral iron alone , or placebo .  Sixty noninfected children with IDA received iron treatment as negative control . RESULTS Hp-infected children receiving iron had significantly less frequent treatment failure compared with those with no iron in correcting IDA ( 11 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 2%-20 % ] for anti-Hp plus iron , 0 % for iron alone vs 33 % [ 95 % CI , 26%-46 % ] for anti-Hp and 45 % [ 95 % CI , 31%-59 % ] for placebo ; chi(2 ) = 127 ; P < .0001 ) , ID ( 19 % [ 95 % CI , 8%-30 % ] for anti-Hp plus iron , 7 % [ 95 % CI , 0%-14 % ] for iron alone vs 65 % [ 95 % CI , 52%-78 % ] for anti-Hp alone , and 78 % [ 95 % CI , 66%-90 % ] for placebo ; chi(2 ) = 124 ; P < .0001 ) , or anemia ( 34 % [ 95 % CI , 20%-40 % ] for anti-Hp plus iron , 27 % [ 95 % CI , 14%-40 % ] for iron alone vs 65 % [ 95 % CI , 52%-78 % ] for anti-Hp alone and 78 % [ 95 % CI , 66%-90 % ] for placebo ; chi(2 ) = 46 ; P < .0001 ) . Cure rates of IDA , ID , or anemia with iron were comparable with that of the negative control group . Improvements in iron status also were significantly greater in groups with iron . CONCLUSIONS H pylori is neither a cause of IDA/ID nor a reason for treatment failure of iron supplementation in young Bangladeshi children In the present study , we investigated the prevalence of anaemia and Fe deficiency anaemia ( IDA ) and explored the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and IDA in adolescent girls . A total of 1037 adolescent girls from Suihua , China were enrolled .  Hb , serum ferritin ( SF ) , serum transferrin receptor ( sTfR ) and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured . Participants with IDA and co-existing H. pylori infection ( n 80 ) who had an intake of > 25 mg/d of Fe were assigned r and omly to the intervention and control groups . Patients in the intervention group were administered a 12-week course of oral EDTA-Na-Fe ( 60 mg Fe/dose , three times a week ) and a 2-week course of colloidal bismuth subcitrate , amoxicillin and metronidazole . Subjects in the control group were administered EDTA-Na-Fe alone .  Hb , SF and sTfR were reassessed 3 months after the 12-week regimen ended . Prevalence of anaemia , Fe deficiency ( defined as SF < 12·0 μg/l ) , IDA and H. pylori infection in the population of 1037 was 19.5 , 40.4 , 17.1 and 31.2 % , respectively . The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the IDA group was 46.9 % , while the non-anaemic group had 28.1 % prevalence . A significant increase in Hb and SF and a decrease in sTfR value were found in the intervention group and the H. pylori-negative group . Findings suggest that IDA is still one of the prominent problems in adolescent girls . There is an association between H. pylori infection and IDA . Treatment of H. pylori infection is associated with a more rapid response to oral Fe therapy OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and anaemia . DESIGN Six cross-sectional studies . H. pylori infection was assessed by the [13C]urea breath test using MS or IR analysis . Hb was measured for all countries .  Ferritin and transferrin receptors were measured for Argentina , Bolivia , Mexico , and Venezuela . SETTING Health services in Argentina , Brazil and Mexico or public schools in Bolivia , Cuba and Venezuela . SUBJECTS In Argentina , 307 children aged 4 - 17 years referred to a gastroenterology unit ; in Bolivia , 424 r and omly selected schoolchildren aged 5 - 8 years ; in Brazil , 1007 adults ( 157 men , 850 women ) aged 18 - 45 years attending thirty-one primary health-care units ; in Cuba , 996 r and omly selected schoolchildren aged 6 - 14 years ; in Mexico , seventy-one pregnant women in their first trimester attending public health clinics ; in Venezuela , 418 children aged 4 - 13 years attending public schools . RESULTS The lowest prevalence of H. pylori found was among children in Argentina ( 25.1 % ) and the highest in Bolivia ( 74.0 % ) . In Bolivia , Cuba and Venezuela children showed similar prevalence of H. pylori infection as in Brazilian and Mexican adults ( range 47.5 % to 81.8 % ) . Overall anaemia prevalence was 11.3 % in Argentina , 15.4 % in Bolivia , 20.6 % in Brazil , 10.5 % in Cuba and 8.9 % in Venezuela . Adjusted analyses allowing for confounding variables showed no association between H. pylori colonization and anaemia in any study . Hb , ferritin and transferrin receptor levels were also not associated with H. pylori infection in any country . CONCLUSIONS The present study showed no evidence to support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to anaemia in children , adolescents , adults or pregnant women in six Latin American countries BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection treatment was found not to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency or anemia among Alaska Native children at 14 months after treatment initiation . We hypothesized that 14 months was to early to resolve H. pylori-induced gastric damage . Consequently , we conducted a 40-month follow-up . METHODS We enrolled 219 children 7 - 11 years old who had H. pylori infection ( as diagnosed by (13)C-labeled urea breath test ) and iron deficiency ( serum ferritin level , < 22.47 pmol/L ) in a controlled , household-r and omized trial of the effect of treatment of H. pylori on iron deficiency and anemia ( hemoglobin level , < 115 g/L ) . At 40 months , 176 children were evaluated . RESULTS Forty-four ( 52 % ) of 85 children in the intervention group and 53 ( 58 % ) of 91 in the control group had iron deficiency ( adjusted relative risk [ ARR ] , 0.92 [ 95 % confidence interval { CI } , 0.68 - 1.26 ] ) , versus 4 ( 5 % ) and 17(19 % ) , respectively , with both iron deficiency and anemia ( ARR , 0.25 [ 95 % CI , 0.09 - 0.73 ] ) . Reinfection occurred among 33 ( 52 % ) of 64 children who had cleared their infection . H. pylori-negative children had lower prevalences of iron deficiency ( ARR , 0.62 [ 95 % CI , 0.38 - 1.01 ] ) and iron deficiency and anemia ( ARR , 0.22 [ 95 % CI , 0.03 - 1.50 ] ) , compared with H. pylori -positive children . CONCLUSIONS The resolution of H. pylori infection for > 14 months modestly reduced the prevalence of iron deficiency and substantially reduced the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia . H. pylori likely plays a casual role in hematological outcomes for some children ABSTRACT Iron deficiency anemia is a common public health problem in the Alaska Native population . Yet , a clear etiology has eluded research ers for decades . Previous studies suggested a link betweenHelicobacter pylori infection , gastrointestinal blood loss due to hemorrhagic gastritis , and generalized iron deficiency anemia in adult Alaska Natives . Therefore , we examined the association between the prevalence of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) and serum ferritin levels , a marker of iron deficiency . A r and om sample of 2,080 serum sample s from Alaska Native residents drawn between 1980 and 1986 from residents in 13 regions was selected , and the sample s were stratified by age , sex , and region . Overall , 75 % were positive for H. pylori-specific IgG. The rate of H. pylori seropositivity increased with age ; by age 14 years , 78 % of the residents were positive . There were no gender differences inH. pylori seropositivity . However , marked regional differences were observed . Serum ferritin levels of < 12 ng/ml were found most commonly among persons < 20 years of age and among women of childbearing age . A significant association between low serum ferritin levels and prevalence of H. pylori-specific IgG was found , particularly for people aged less than 20 years . H. pylorimay be a factor contributing to the iron deficiency anemia in the Alaska Native population Background & objectives : Despite routine iron supplementation and promotion of diet modification , iron deficiency anaemia ( IDA ) remains widely prevalent in our antenatal population . Recent studies in pediatric population have highlighted the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in IDA . This study was undertaken to study the effect of eradication therapy in H. pylori infected pregnant women with IDA . Methods : R and omized placebo-controlled double blind clinical trial was done on 40 antenatal women between 14 - 30 wk gestation , with mild to moderate IDA and having H. pylori infection , as detected by stool antigen test . These women were r and omly divided into group I ( n=20 ) : H. pylori treatment group ( amoxicillin , clarithromycin , omeprazole for 2 wk ) and group II ( n=20 ) : placebo group . Both groups received therapeutic doses of iron and folic acid . Outcome measures were improvement in haematological parameters and serum iron profile after 6 wk of oral iron therapy . Results : The prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women with mild to moderate anaemia  was 39.8 per cent ( 95 % CI 35.7 , 44.3 ) ; and 62.5 per cent ( 95 % CI 52 , 73 ) of these pregnant women with IDA were infected with H. pylori . After 6 wk of therapeutic oral iron and folic acid supplementation , the rise in haemoglobin , packed cell volume , serum iron and percentage transferrin saturation was significantly ( P<0.05 ) higher in the group given H. pylori eradication therapy as compared to the placebo group . Interpretation & conclusions : Our results showed a high occurrence of H. pylori infection in pregnant women with IDA . Eradication therapy result ed in significantly better response to oral iron supplementation among H. pylori infected pregnant women with IDA Ascorbic acid , the reduced form of vitamin C , may protect against gastric cancer and is secreted by the normal stomach . Secretion is impaired in Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori ) associated chronic gastritis . This study examined if eradication of H pylori improves gastric juice ascorbate values . Fasting gastric juice and plasma sample s were collected at endoscopy from patients participating in trials of H pylori eradication for duodenal ulcer disease and intestinal metaplasia before and up to 15 months after attempted eradication .  Ascorbic acid and total vitamin C concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography . In 12 patients in whom H pylori was successfully eradicated gastric juice ascorbate and total vitamin C concentrations and the ratio of juice to plasma vitamin C rose after treatment . Analysis after treatment suggested that the rise was greatest in patients with high final plasma vitamin C concentrations , even though these did not change with treatment . By contrast , in 22 patients in whom H pylori eradication was unsuccessful there were no significant changes in juice or plasma concentr 
    Output:
    
Current evidence indicates increased likelihood of depleted iron stores in relation to H. pylori infection .
H. pylori eradication therapy , added to iron therapy , might be beneficial in increasing ferritin and hemoglobin levels