***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective : To investigate the effect of supervised and unsupervised pelvic floor muscle exercises utilizing trunk stabilization for treating postpartum urinary incontinence and to compare the outcomes . Design : R and omized , single-blind controlled study . Setting : Outpatient rehabilitation hospital . Subjects : Eighteen subjects with postpartum urinary incontinence . Interventions : Subjects were r and omized  to either a supervised training group with verbal instruction from a physiotherapist , or an unsupervised training group after undergoing a supervised demonstration session . Main measures : Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom question naire ( urinary symptoms and quality of life ) and vaginal function test ( maximal vaginal squeeze pressure and holding time ) using a perineometer . Results : The change values for urinary symptoms ( −27.22 ± 6.20 versus −18.22 ± 5.49 ) , quality of life ( −5.33 ± 2.96 versus −1.78 ± 3.93 ) , total score ( −32.56 ± 8.17 versus −20.00 ± 6.67 ) , maximal vaginal squeeze pressure ( 18.96 ± 9.08 versus 2.67 ± 3.64 mmHg ) , and holding time ( 11.32 ± 3.17 versus 5.72 ± 2.29 seconds ) were more improved in the supervised group than in the unsupervised group ( P < 0.05 ) . In the supervised group , significant differences were found for all variables between pre- and post-test values ( P < 0.01 ) , whereas the unsupervised group showed significant differences for urinary symptom score , total score and holding time between the pre- and post-test results ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : These findings suggest that exercising the pelvic floor muscles by utilizing trunk stabilization under physiotherapist supervision may be beneficial for the management of postpartum urinary incontinence Introduction and hypothesisThe risk for urinary incontinence can be 2.6-fold greater in women after pregnancy and childbirth compared with their never-pregnant counterparts , with the incidence increasing with parity . We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of de novo postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparous women is reduced with the use of spontaneous pushing alone or in combination with perineal massage compared with women who experienced traditional directed pushing for second-stage management . Methods This was a prospect i ve clinical trial enrolling and r and omizing 249 women into a four-group design : ( 1 ) routine care with coached or directed pushing , ( 2 ) spontaneous self-directed pushing , ( 3 ) prenatal perineal massage initiated in the third trimester , and ( 4 ) the combination of spontaneous pushing plus perineal massage .  Self-report of incontinence was assessed using analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) and covariance ( ANCOVA ) models in 145 remaining women at 12 months postpartum using the Leakage Index , which is sensitive to minor leakage . Results No statistical difference in the incidence of de novo postpartum incontinence was found based on method of pushing ( spontaneous/directed ) ( P value = 0.57 ) or in combination with prenatal perineal massage ( P value = 0.57 ) . Fidelity to pushing treatment of type was assessed and between-groups crossover detected . Conclusions Spontaneous pushing did not reduce the incidence of postpartum incontinence experienced by women 1 year after their first birth due to high cross-over between r and omization groups Background : This study aim ed to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( NMES ) therapy in patients with urinary incontinence after stroke ( UIAS ) . Methods : A total of 82 patients with UIAS were r and omly assigned to 2 groups that received NMES therapy ( NMES group ) or sham NMES ( sham group ) for 10 weeks . The primary efficacy endpoints were measured by urodynamic values , and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score ( OABSS ) . The secondary efficacy endpoints were assessed by International Consultation on Incontinence Question naire-Short Form ( ICIQ-SF ) score , Barthel Index ( BI ) scale , and adverse events . All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 10 weeks treatment . Results : After 10-week treatment , the patients received NMES therapy showed better efficacy in primary endpoints of urodynamic values ( P < .01 ) and OABSS ( P < .01 ) , and secondary endpoints of ICIQ-SF ( P < .01 ) and BI ( P < .01 ) , compared with patients who underwent sham NMES . No adverse events were recorded in both groups . Conclusions : In summary , we demonstrated that 10 weeks of NMES therapy was efficacious in patients with UIAS Objective : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture vs pelvic floor muscle training ( PFMT ) plus solifenacin for women with mixed urinary incontinence ( MUI ) . Patients and Methods : This r and omized controlled noninferiority trial was conducted at 10 hospitals in China between March 1 , 2014 , and October 10 , 2016 . Participants were r and omized 1:1 to receive electroacupuncture ( 36 sessions ) over 12 weeks with 24 weeks of follow‐up or PFMT‐solifenacin ( 5 mg/d ) over 36 weeks . The primary outcome was percentage change from baseline to week 12 in mean 72‐hour incontinence episode frequency ( IEF ) measured by the 72‐hour bladder diary . It was analyzed in the per‐ protocol set with a prespecified noninferiority margin of 15 % . Results : Of 500 women with MUI who were r and omized , 467 ( 239 in the electroacupuncture group and 228 in the PFMT‐solifenacin group ) completed treatment per protocol and were included in the primary outcome analysis . At weeks 1 through 12 , the percentage of reduction from baseline in mean 72‐hour IEF was 37.83 % in the electroacupuncture group and 36.49 % in the PFMT‐solifenacin group ( between‐group difference , −1.34 % [ 95 % CI , −9.78 % to 7.10 % ] ; P<.001 for noninferiority ) , which demonstrates noninferiority ; the treatment effect persisted throughout follow‐up . Statistically significant improvements were found for secondary outcomes in both groups , with no meaningful difference between treatments . Conclusion : In women with moderate to severe MUI , electroacupuncture was not inferior to PFMT‐solifenacin in decreasing the 72‐hour IEF and shows promise as an effective alternative for the treatment of MUI . Trial Registration : clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT02047032 
    Output:
    
Results : This study will provide high quality evidence of ES and PFMT for PPUI .
The primary outcome includes symptoms improvement .
The secondary outcomes consist of incontinence-specific quality of life , clinician 's observations , and adverse effects .
Conclusion : The findings of this study will summary up-to- date d evidence for judging whether ES combined PFMT is an effective intervention for PPUI or not .