***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: AIM The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate radiographic , clinical and aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction of cases treated with  platform-switched single implant restorations in the aesthetic region of the maxilla . Furthermore , the influence of an augmentation procedure 3 months before implant placement and the type of restoration ( screw-retained vs. cement-retained ) was evaluated . MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were treated with a Straumann Bone Level Implant . Bone augmentation was performed in 29 patients at 3 months before implant placement . Implants were loaded after 3 months of submerged healing . Follow-up was conducted at 7 and 18 months after implant placement . Peri-implant mucosa and implant crown aesthetic outcomes were determined using the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index ( ICAI ) and the Pink Esthetic Score-White Esthetic Score ( PES-WES ) . RESULTS No implants were lost . At 18 months after implant placement , mean bone level change was -0.10 ± 0.27 mm and mean probing pocket depth was 2.57 mm . No differences were found between augmented and nonaugmented sites ( P = 0.28 ) . The ICAI indicated satisfactory mucosa and crown aesthetics in 67 % and 75 % of the cases , respectively , while the PES score was 14.4 . ICAI mucosa ( P = 0.004 ) and PES ( P = 0.02 ) scores were significantly less favourable for augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites . Patient satisfaction was high ( 8.9 ± 1.1 on VAS-score ) . CONCLUSIONS From the present prospect i ve , clinical study , it can be concluded that the Straumann Bone Level Implant shows an excellent survival rate , marginal bone stability and good clinical and aesthetic results . Bone augmentation before implant placement does not lead to more marginal bone loss . However , less favourable pink aesthetic outcomes were found in augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites , while no differences were found between cement-retained and screw-retained restorations OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate dimensional alterations of the peri-implant tissues at  single-tooth restorations  from the time of implant placement to 1-year post-loading . MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven patients , aged 18 - 36 years , subjected to single-tooth replacements with implant-supported restorations ( Brånemark implant system ) in the maxillary anterior region were included in the analysis . The implant installation was performed as a two-stage procedure with a 6-month healing interval . Bone dimensions were determined by direct assessment s immediately following implant placement and at abutment connection . The prosthetic restoration was placed approximately 1 month after abutment surgery . Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed at crown placement and at 1-year post-loading . Assessment s of the soft tissues at the implant site and at the neighboring teeth were performed before and during implant placement , before abutment connection , after crown placement and at the 1-year follow-up examination . Mean values and st and ard deviations were calculated for each variable and interval , with the subject as the statistical unit . RESULTS At the time of abutment connection , a mean loss of bone height at the facial and lingual aspect of the implant amounting to 0.7 - 1.3 mm ( P < 0.05 ) was recorded , whereas no significant change was noted at proximal sites . A mean reduction of 0.4 mm of the labial bone thickness was observed between implant placement and the second-stage surgery . The radiographic bone-to-implant level showed a mean loss of 0.9 mm between abutment connection and crown placement ( P<0.05 ) and a further 0.7 mm loss at 1 year ( P < 0.05 ) . The thickness of the labial mucosa was increased at crown placement followed by a slight remission at 1 year . During the corresponding interval , a mean apical displacement of the labial soft tissue margin of 0.6 mm had taken place ( P < 0.05 ) . A papilla fill of > or = 50 % was observed at a frequency of 32 % at crown placement and 86 % at 1 year . CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that following implant surgery remodeling takes place , which is manifested in diminished bone dimensions , both horizontally and vertically , at the facial aspect of the implant . The observed soft tissue alterations after the crown placement may affect the esthetic appeal of the restorative therapy BACKGROUND Early implant placement is one of the treatment options after tooth extraction .  Implant surgery is performed after a healing period of 4 to 8 weeks and combined with a simultaneous contour augmentation using the guided bone regeneration technique to rebuild stable esthetic facial hard- and soft-tissue contours . METHODS In this prospect i ve study , 20 patients were treated with an implant-born single crown and followed for 3 years . Clinical , radiologic , and esthetic parameters were recorded to assess treatment outcomes . RESULTS At the 3-year examination , all 20 implants were successfully integrated , demonstrating ankylotic stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissues as documented by st and ard clinical parameters . Esthetic outcomes were assessed by the pink esthetic score ( PES ) and white esthetic score ( WES ) and confirmed pleasing results overall . WES values were slightly superior to PES values . Periapical radiographs showed minimal crestal bone loss around used bone-level implants with a mean bone loss of 0.18 mm at 3 years . Only two implants revealed bone loss between 0.5 and 1.0 mm . One of these implants had minor mucosal recession < 1.0 mm . CONCLUSIONS This prospect i ve study evaluates the concept of early implant placement and demonstrated successful tissue integration for all 20 implants and stable bone-crest levels around implant-abutment interfaces according to the platform-switching concept . The midterm 3-year follow-up revealed pleasing esthetic outcomes and stable facial soft tissues . The risk of mucosal recession was low , with only one patient showing minor recession of the facial mucosa . These encouraging results need to be confirmed with a 5-year follow-up examination A new design of single tooth implant ( AstraTech , Molndal Sweden ) featuring a microthreaded conical neck and TiO blast surface was evaluated clinical ly and radiographically after 2 years in function . Fifteen patients ( age range 16 to 48 ) with missing maxillary anterior teeth ( 6 central incisors , 8 laterals , 1 bicuspid ) had 4 , 13 mm and 11 , 15 mm implants placed under local anaesthesia and left for a period of 6 months before exposure and abutment connection/crown fabrication . All patients were seen at 4 to 6 monthly intervals for hygienist maintenance . Radiographs using Rinn holders and a long cone technique were taken at the crown insertion and after 1 year ( 14 subjects ) and 2 years ( 12 subjects ) . All implants were successfully integrated at stage 2 , and no implants have been lost . The internal conical seal design of the abutment/implant interface facilitated connection and there were no cases of abutment screw loosening . No soft tissue problems were observed , and the gingival morphology/health was well maintained . One crown was recemented after 18 months in function , and 1 crown was replaced because of a fracture to the porcelain incisal edge . At crown insertion , the mean bone level was 0.46 to 0.48 mm apical to the top of the implant and there were no statistically significant changes in the bone level over the 2 years of the study . In conclusion , the single tooth Astra implants were highly successful and bone changes within the first 2 years of function were comparable with other systems reporting high long-term success rates The purpose of the present prospect i ve r and omized study was to evaluate the influence of Laser-Lok microtextured surface on soft tissue peri-implant parameters and esthetics around immediate , functionally loaded implants for single-tooth replacement in the esthetic zone . This study included 77 patients divided into two groups based on different implants used : the control group had BioHorizons tapered internal non-Laser-Lok-type implants ( NLL ; n = 39 ) and the test group had BioHorizons tapered internal Laser-Lok-type implants ( LL ; n = 39 ) . Outcome measures were survival , radiographic marginal bone-level changes , soft tissue parameters , and esthetics . One implant was lost in the test group and one in the control group , for a total survival rate of 96.1 % after 3 years . Radiographically , mean crestal bone loss ± st and ard deviation was 0.59 ± 0.27 mm in the LL group compared with 1.17 ± 0.31 mm in the NLL group . A mean gain in papilla level of 0.41 ± 0.34 mm and 0.17 ± 0.36 mm was observed in the LL and the NLL groups , respectively , while the level of the midfacial peri-implant mucosa remained stable in both groups with no statistically significant differences ( 0.08 ± 0.42 mm for the LL group vs 0.06 ± 0.36 mm for the NLL group ) . The mean probing depth values in the LL and NLL groups were 0.58 ± 0.2 mm and 1.89 ± 0.3 mm , respectively . Within the limitations of this study , it was demonstrated that the clinical and esthetic outcome of immediate functional loading was more favorable for LL implants than for NLL implants BACKGROUND Contamination of implant abutments could potentially influence the peri-implant tissue inflammatory response . The aim of the present study is to assess the radiographic bone changes around customized , platform-switched abutments placed according to the " one-abutment-one-time " protocol , with and without plasma of argon cleaning treatment . METHODS Thirty healthy patients with thin gingival biotype ( < 1 mm ) and history of periodontal disease received one maxillary implant each . Immediately before abutment connection , patients were r and omly assigned to control group ( cleaning protocol by steaming ) or test group ( plasma of argon treatment ) . Outcome measures were : 1 ) success rate of implants and prostheses ; 2 ) biologic and prosthetic complications ; 3 ) peri-implant marginal bone loss ( MBL ) ; 4 ) esthetic and periodontal parameters ; and 5 ) patient satisfaction . RESULTS Neither implants nor prostheses were lost in either group at the 5-year follow-up examination . Overall , both groups showed a slight amount of peri-implant bone loss from baseline to 5 years . A statistically higher mean MBL was found in the control group compared with the test group at 6 , 24 , and 60 months after crown connection . Nevertheless , during the entire follow-up period , intragroup comparison demonstrated statistically significant mean MBL in the control group , but not in the test group . The test group showed a higher mean gain at the soft tissue margin , but not for the papilla . All implants showed good periodontal parameters , with no significant differences between groups . CONCLUSION Plasma of argon could be used to disinfect implant abutments before insertion to minimize future peri-implant bone resorption BACKGROUND Patients with buccal defects due to tooth extraction seem to regain some of the contour at the time of abutment surgery and connection of single-implant crown restorations . It can then be assumed that different abutment systems could restore the buccal contour to different degrees . PURPOSE To measure changes in buccal tissue volume after placing restorations with single-implant crowns using two different abutment systems and to measure soft tissue change during the 1 year after single-implant treatment . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Eighteen patients were provided with single-implant restorations in the central incisor area . Nine patients in each group were treated with single-implant crowns supported by either CeraOne abutments ( Nobel Biocare AB , Göteborg , Sweden ) or customized Procera ceramic abutments ( Nobel Biocare AB ) . Study casts were made before abutment connection , at crown placement , and after 1 year . After the casts were scanned , they were analyzed with a computer , using the model before abutment as a reference . In the area of the single implant , sagittal projections provided images of the models that allowed measurements between the contours at the different situations . Radiography and photography for measuring papillary volume were also performed . RESULTS All patients exhibited increased " buccal volume " after abutment connection and crown placement ( p < .01 ) . A trend to greater increase was observed for the Procera group . Both groups also showed a reduction of buccal tissue 1 year later ( p < .05-.01 ) , leaving on average more volume in the Procera group . The papillae recovered spontaneously , and no relationship was observed between the presence of papilla and underlying bone support ( p > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The buccal tissue increased significantly after placement of the abutment cylinder and the implant crown . This increase of buccal contour was reduced after 1 year . Furthermore , no relationship was established between the presence of papillae and the distance between the contact point and the underlying bone crest OBJECTIVES To evaluate immediate placement and immediate restoration of a novel implant with a 12 ° -angled prosthodontic platform , in fresh extraction sockets of the aesthetic zone of the maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Tapered , roughened surface implants of 4 mm ( n=15 ) or 5 mm ( n=13 ) diameter were placed 
    Output:
    
The most common technical complications were abutment screw loosening and crown‐cement loosening , while dehiscence and recession were the most common biological complications .
Esthetics were favorable for all connections , but the internal hexagon performed better .
However , better results for marginal bone loss , success , and survival were found for the Morse taper .
This review suggests that Morse taper performs better for survival , success , and marginal bone loss .
Internal hexagon performed better for esthetic parameters .