***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare long-term outcomes for immediately loaded tilted and axial implants placed in the posterior region of the edentulous maxillary arch . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Data obtained from a 5-year prospect i ve study design ed to assess clinical outcomes following immediate loading of implants with screw-retained fixed restorations in the edentulous maxillary arch were retrospectively review ed . Where insufficient alveolar bone was available for axial placement of the posterior-most implant on each side of the arch , tilted placement was employed . Implant survival and marginal bone level changes for these tilted and axial posterior implants were compared . RESULTS Fifty-one subjects received 64 tilted and 38 axial posterior implants .  Forty subjects with 53 tilted and 34 axial posterior implants returned for follow-up after 5 years . Five tilted and seven axial implants  failed , representing an 89 % and 86 % survival proportion , respectively . The mean marginal bone loss was 0.79 ( SD : 1.42 ) mm for tilted implants and 0.14 ( SD : 0.34 ) mm for axial implants . The differences in survival proportions and marginal bone loss between axial and tilted implants were not statistically significant . CONCLUSION Predictable long-term implant rehabilitation may be achieved in the edentulous maxillary arch using posterior tilted implants in combination with immediate loading BACKGROUND High primary implant stability is considered one of the main factors necessary for achieving predictable treatment outcomes with immediately loaded implant-supported screw-retained fixed complete denture prosthesis ( FCDP ) . PURPOSE To evaluate the 5-year clinical and radiographic outcomes of  immediately loaded implants placed in edentulous patients using computer-assisted template-guided surgery to support a FCDP . MATERIAL S & METHODS Patients in need to be restored with a FCDP in the m and ible or maxilla were included in this prospect i ve study / and treated using computer-assisted template-guided surgery . Implant sites were prepared in order to achieve an insertion torque ranging between 35 - 45 Ncm in the m and ible and 45 - 55 Ncm in the maxilla . A prefabricated screw-retained provisional prosthesis was delivered the day of the surgery . Outcomes were : implant and prosthesis cumulative survival rate ( CSR ) , any complications , and peri-implant marginal bone loss ( MBL ) . RESULTS Sixty-six patients received 356 implants to support 68 FCDPs . Each patient received 4 - 8 implants . Seven implants failed in six patients , result ing in a CSR of 98.1 % . Two definitive prostheses failed result ing in CSR of 97.1 % . Mean MBL of 1.62 ± 0.41 mm was reported at the 5-year follow-up . Five implants ( 1.4 % ) showed a mean mesio-distal peri-implant bone loss greater than 3.0 mm and received nonsurgical therapy . CONCLUSIONS immediately loaded implants placed in edentulous patients using computer-assisted template-guided surgery to support a FCDP is a valid treatment concept in the medium term follow-up , for edentulous patients PURPOSE To compare the 5-year clinical and radiological outcomes of patients rehabilitated with four or six implants placed using guided surgery and immediate function concept . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients r and omly received four ( All-on-4 ) or six ( All-on-6 ) immediately loaded implants ,  placed using guided surgery , to support a cross-arch fixed dental prosthesis . Outcome measures were survival rates of implants and prostheses , complications , peri-implant marginal bone loss , and periodontal parameters . RESULTS No drop-out occurred . Seven implants failed at the 5-year follow-up examination : six in the All-on-6 group ( 5 % ) and one in the All-on-4 group ( 1.25 % ) , with no statistically significant differences ( p = .246 ) . No prosthetic failure occurred . Both group experienced some technical and biologic complications with no statistically significant differences between groups ( p = .501 ) . All-on-4 treatment concept demonstrated a trend of more complications during the entire follow-up period . A trend of more implant failure was experienced for the All-on-6 treatment concept . Marginal bone loss ( MBL ) from baseline to the 5-year follow-up was not statistically different between All-on-4 ( 1.71 ± 0.42 mm ) and All-on-6 ( 1.51 ± 0.36 mm ) groups ( p = .12 ) . For periodontal parameters , there were no differences between groups ( p > .05 ) . CONCLUSION Both approaches may represent a predictable treatment option for the rehabilitation of complete edentulous patients in the medium term . Longer r and omized controlled studies are needed to confirm these results BACKGROUND The aim of this study was the evaluation , from a clinical point of view , of implants subjected to immediate functional loading ( IFL ) and to immediate non-functional loading ( INFL ) in various anatomical configurations . METHODS The study included 152 patients who had given their informed consent . A total of 646 implants were inserted . The implants were placed in 39 totally edentulous m and ibles , 14 edentulous maxillae , 23 edentulous posterior m and ibles , 16 edentulous anterior m and ibles , 16 edentulous anterior maxillae , and 15 edentulous posterior maxillae . Fifty-eight  implants were used to replace single missing teeth . In 65 cases , IFL was carried out for 422 implants . INFL was carried out in 116 cases , ( 224 implants ) . RESULTS In the IFL group 6 of 422 implants failed ( 1.4 % ) ; in the INFL group 2 of 224 implants failed ( 0.9 % ) . All the other implants appeared , from clinical and radiographic observations , to have successfully osseointegrated and have been functioning satisfactorily since insertion . All failures were observed in the first few months after implant loading . CONCLUSION Immediate functional and non-functional loading seems to be a technique that gives satisfactory results in selected cases The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediately restored implants with s and blasted , large-grit , acid-etched ( SLA ) surfaces over a period of 5 years . Twenty patients ( mean age , 47.3 years ) received a total of 21 SLA wide-neck implants in healed m and ibular first molar sites after initial periodontal treatment . To be included in the study , the implants had to demonstrate primary stability with an insertion torque value of 35 Ncm . A provisional restoration was fabricated chairside and placed on the day of surgery . Definitive cemented restorations were inserted 8 weeks after surgery . Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ( CPITN ) indices and the radiographic distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-implant contact ( DIB ) were measured and compared over the study period . The initial mean CPITN was 3.24 , and decreased over the study period to 1.43 . At the postoperative radiographic examination , the mean DIB was 1.41 mm for the 21 implants , indicating that part of the machined neck of the implants was placed slightly below the osseous crest . The mean DIB value increased to 1.99 mm at the 5-year examination . This increase proved to be statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) . Between the baseline and 5-year examinations , the mean bone crest level loss was 0.58 mm . Success and survival rates of the 21 implants after 5 years of function were 100 % . This 5-year study confirms that immediate restoration of m and ibular molar wide-neck implants with good primary stability , as noted by insertion torque values of at least 35 Ncm , is a safe and predictable procedure PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate the viability of immediately provisionalized single-tooth implants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred forty patients ( 86 female , 54 male ) with a mean age at implant placement of 45 years ( range , 15 - 88 years ) needing single-tooth replacement , were treated between July 1999 and December 2004 .  Single-tooth implants were placed and provisionalized the day of the surgery . All implants were manufactured by Nobel Biocare ( Yorba Linda , CA ) and had multiple diameters and configurations . The majority of the implants used in this study had oxidized titanium surfaces . The contours of the restorations were design ed to mimic the original teeth and root forms . The morphology of the restorations provides support of the labial gingiva . RESULTS Over 5.5 years , 164 implants were placed and immediately provisionalized . Sixty-four implants were placed immediately post extraction . Seven implants failed , yielding an overall survival rate of 95.73 % . CONCLUSION The application of an immediate provisionalization protocol to a single implant can be successful if the proper pre caution s are taken in achieving passive occlusion AIM The purpose of this prospect i ve multicenter clinical study was to compare 3 years implant survival , bone and soft tissue changes following immediate loading using single Osseospeed ( ™ ) implants ( Astra Tech AB , Mölndal , Sweden ) installed in healed ridges or extraction sockets . MATERIAL AND METHODS Implants were provisionally restored the day of surgery using cemented acrylic crowns out of full occlusion . The provisional crowns were replaced after 12 weeks by full-ceramic crowns . Implant survival , bone levels , soft tissue levels and peri-implant health were monitored up to 3 years . RESULTS 55 patients ( 22 men , 33 women ; mean age 45 ) had the implant installed in extraction sockets and 58 patients ( 25 men , 33 women ; mean age 42 ) received conventional implant treatment in healed ridges . Three  implants failed in the extraction group and one implant failed in the healed group , all failures occurred before the final crown placement . No further losses occurred during 3 years , giving a statistically comparable survival rate of 94.6 % and 98.3 % , respectively . The total bone loss after 3 years , compared to implant placement was 0.4 mm ( SD 1.5 ) in healed sites , whilst the immediate sites showed a bone gain of 1.6 mm ( SD 2.4 ) due to bone fill in the alveolus . Papillae retracted with 0.3 and 0.0 mm in the period of provisionalization , but grew back after final crown was placed with 0.3 and 0.5 mm in extraction and healed sites respectively after 3 years . Plaque and inflammation scores were very low throughout the study time , irrespective of treatment modality . CONCLUSIONS Immediate implants restored at the day of surgery show comparable risk for implant failure , bone loss and midfacial soft tissue recession compared to conventionally installed implants . The 3-years results suggest both hard and soft tissue stability Objectives To appraise the feasibility of loading four implants with a pre-existing denture converted to a fixed dental prosthesis ( FDP ) on the day of implant surgery compared with waiting for 3- to 4-month healing . Methods Patients with an edentulous , fully healed m and ible were recruited in a faculty clinic to partake in a blinded two-arm parallel r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) . The participants received four parallel intraforamina m and ibular implants with a moderately rough titanium surface ( Brånemark System Mk III or Mk IV TiUnite ; Nobel Biocare AB , Göteborg , Sweden ) . The implants were loaded on the same day by converting the participants ' pre-existing denture in the experimental group . The implants were placed using a one-stage surgery procedure , and the participants ' pre-existing denture were soft-relined in the control group . For both groups , the permanent 10- to 12-unit FDP consisting of a type-3 cast precious alloy veneered with acrylic and artificial teeth was placed 3–4 months after implant surgery . All participants have been recalled annually for 5 years for appraisal of bone loss and registration of adverse events . Results Thirty-five of the original 42 participants ( 83 % ) returned for clinical and radiological examinations at the 5-year follow-up recall . No selective dropout or specific reasons for dropout was identified in the two study arms ; leaving n = 17 ( Intention-to-treat group , ITT ) in the experimental group , alternatively n = 13 as per protocol group ( PP ) , and n = 18 participants in the control group ( ITT = PP ) . At study commencement , five of the participants assigned to the experimental group did not receive their planned intervention . In the control group , one implant failed to osseointegrate and another failed due to bone loss after 5 years . The crestal bone level changes over 5 years were identical in the experimental and control groups , that is , 1.2 mm ( SD = 0.7 ) . There were no differences between the two study arms with regard to incidence of biological and technical adverse events . Conclusions Implants in the anterior m and ible loaded immediately with a converted pre-existing denture appear to yield analogous clinical outcomes compared with waiting for 3–4 months over the first 5 years following implant surgery INTRODUCTION Although not essential , molars hold their importance in terms of functional jaw stability , antagonist opposition , and support of facial height . Therefore 
    Output:
    
Immediate loading of implants appears to have long-term predictability and success rate under well-defined circumstances