***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute effects of long-term whole-body vibration on leg muscle performance and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . SUBJECTS Twenty-five patients with multiple sclerosis ( mean age 47.9 ± 1.9 years ; Exp and ed Disability Status Scale 4.3 ± 0.2 ) were assigned r and omly to whole-body vibration training ( n = 11 ) or to a control group ( n = 14 ) . METHODS The whole-body vibration group performed static and dynamic leg squats and lunges on a vibration platform ( 25 - 45 Hz , 2.5 mm amplitude ) during a 20-week training period ( 5 training sessions per 2-week cycle ) , and the control group maintained their usual lifestyle . PRE- , MID- ( 10 weeks ) and POST- ( 20 weeks ) knee-muscle maximal isometric and dynamic strength , strength endurance and speed of movement were measured using isokinetic dynamometry . Function was determined through the Berg Balance Scale , Timed Up and Go , Two-minute Walk Test and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test . RESULTS Leg muscle performance and functional capacity were not altered following 10 or 20 weeks of whole-body vibration . CONCLUSION Under the conditions of the present study , the applied 20-week whole-body vibration exercise protocol did not improve leg muscle performance or functional capacity in mild- to moderately impaired persons with multiple sclerosis during and immediately after the training programme The effects of hard squatting exercise with ( VbX+ ) and without ( VbX− ) vibration on neuromuscular function were tested in 19 healthy young volunteers . Before and after the exercise , three different tests were performed : maximum serial jumping for 30 s , electromyography during isometric knee extension at 70 % of the maximum voluntary torque , and the quantitative analysis of the patellar tendon reflex . Between VbX+ and VbX− values , there was no difference found under baseline conditions . Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter in VbX+ than in VbX− ( 349 ± 338 s versus 515 ± 338 s ) , but blood lactate ( 5·49 ± 2·73 mmol l−1 versus 5·00 ± 2·26 mmol l−1 ) and subjectively perceived exertion ( rate of perceived exertion values 18·1 ± 1·2 versus 18·6 ± 1·6 ) at the termination of exercise indicate comparable levels of fatigue . After the exercise , comparable effects were observed on jump height , ground contact time , and isometric torque . The vastus lateralis mean frequency during isometric torque , however , was higher after VbX+ than after VbX−. Likewise , the tendon reflex amplitude was significantly greater after VbX+ than after VbX− ( 4·34 ± 3·63 Nm versus 1·68 ± 1·32 Nm ) . It is followed that in exercise unto comparable degrees of exhaustion and muscular fatigue , superimposed 26 Hz vibration appears to elicit an alteration in neuromuscular recruitment patterns , which apparently enhance neuromuscular excitability . Possibly , this effect may be exploited for the design of future training regimes Objective : To examine whether a whole-body vibration ( mechanical oscillations ) in comparison to a placebo administration leads to better postural control , mobility and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis . Design : Double-blind , r and omized controlled trial . Setting : Outpatient clinic of a university department of physical medicine and rehabilitation . Subjects : Twelve multiple sclerosis patients with moderate disability ( Kurtzke 's Exp and ed Disability Status Scale 2.5 - 5 ) were allocated either to the intervention group or to the placebo group . Interventions : In the intervention group a whole-body vibration at low frequency ( 2.0 - 4.4 Hz oscillations at 3-mm amplitude ) in five series of 1 min each with a 1-min break between the series was applied . In the placebo group a Burst-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) application on the nondominant forearm in five series of 1 min each with a 1-min break between the series was applied as well . Main outcome measures : Posturographic assessment using the Sensory Organization Test , the Timed Get Up and Go Test and the Functional Reach Test immediately preceding the application , 15 min , one week and two weeks after the application . The statistical analysis was applied to the change score from preapplication values to values 15 min , one week and two weeks post intervention . Results : Compared with the placebo group the intervention group showed advantages in terms of the Sensory Organization Test and the Timed Get Up and Go Test at each time point of measurement after the application . The effects were strongest one week after the intervention , where significant differences for the change score ( p=0.041 ) were found for the Timed Get Up and Go Test with the mean score reducing from 9.2 s ( preapplication ) to 8.2 s one week after whole-body vibration and increasing from 9.5 s ( preapplication ) to 10.2 s one week after placebo application . The mean values of the posturographic assessment increased from 70.5 points ( preapplication ) to 77.5 points one week after whole body vibration and increased only from 67.2 points ( preapplication ) to 67.5 points one week after the placebo application . No differences were found for the Functional Reach Test . Conclusion : The results of this pilot study indicated that whole-body vibration may positively influence the postural control and mobility in multiple sclerosis patients PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the effect of a 12-wk period of whole-body vibration training and resistance training on human knee-extensor strength . METHODS Sixty-seven untrained females ( 21.4 + /- 1.8 yr ) participated in the study . The whole-body vibration group ( WBV , N = 18 ) and the placebo group ( PL , N = 19 ) performed static and dynamic knee-extensor exercises on a vibration platform . The acceleration of the vibration platform was between 2.28 g and 5.09 g , whereas only 0.4 g for the PL condition . Vibration ( 35 - 40 Hz ) result ed in increased EMG activity , but the EMG signal remained unchanged in the PL condition . The resistance-training group ( RES , N = 18 ) trained knee extensors by dynamic leg-press and leg-extension exercises ( 10 - 20 RM ) . All training groups exercised 3x wk-1 . The control group ( CO , N = 12 ) did not participate in any training . Pre- and postisometric , dynamic , and ballistic knee-extensor strength were measured by means of a motor-driven dynamometer . Explosive strength was determined by means of a counter-movement jump . RESULTS Isometric and dynamic knee-extensor strength increased significantly ( P < 0.001 ) in both the WBV group ( 16.6 + /- 10.8 % ; 9.0 + /- 3.2 % ) and the RES group ( 14.4 + /- 5.3 % ; 7.0 + /- 6.2 % ) , respectively , whereas the PL and CO group showed no significant ( P > 0.05 ) increase . Counter-movement jump height enhanced significantly ( P < 0.001 ) in the WBV group ( 7.6 + /- 4.3 % ) only . There was no effect of any of the interventions on maximal speed of movement , as measured by means of ballistic tests . CONCLUSIONS WBV , and the reflexive muscle contraction it provokes , has the potential to induce strength gain in knee extensors of previously untrained females to the same extent as resistance training at moderate intensity . It was clearly shown that strength increases after WBV training are not attributable to a placebo effect The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration exercise on postural steadiness performance in a healthy , older population . Forty-three healthy , older participants ( 23 men and 20 women , aged 73.5+/-4.5 yr ) were r and omly assigned to either a vibration group ( VIB ) , an exercise without vibration group ( EX ) or a control group ( CONT ) . The VIB and EX groups undertook static and dynamic bodyweight exercises three times per week for eight weeks . Static balance was assessed using a one-legged postural steadiness ( OLPS ) test . This test was performed prior to and immediately after the training period . OLPS improved significantly for the VIB intervention after eight weeks training ( p<0.05 ) compared to the EX and CONT groups . The improvements in OLPS were significantly affected by the baseline values , with the largest changes evident for VIB participants with a poorer initial score ( p<0.01 ) . Vibration exercise can contribute to improved static one-legged balance in a healthy , older population . As improvements in OLPS were related to baseline values , vibration exercise as an intervention would appear to serve the most benefit for those that exhibit diminished postural control OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of whole body vibration ( WBV ) training on gait function in persons with mild multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . DESIGN A r and omized controlled trial . SUBJECTS 18 patients with MS were assigned r and omly to WBV ( intervention group ) or to placebo WBV . METHODS Both groups performed a 3-week training period under static conditions on a vibration platform . In the placebo group , the vibration platform was covered and therefore vibrations could not operate . Gait function ( gait velocity , stride length , double support phase , single-step variability left and right ) was assessed at baseline , after 3-weeks of WBV intervention or sham WBV , 4-weeks after baseline , and 5-weeks after baseline using a mobile plantar food pressure system and the " Timed Up and Go " test under four different gait conditions ( comfortable overground gait , comfortable gait on treadmill , -20 % comfortable gait velocity on treadmill and + 20 % comfortable gait velocity on treadmill ) . RESULTS None of the outcome measures of gait function showed statistically significant alterations following 3-weeks of intervention/placebo WBV . CONCLUSION The applied protocol of WBV does not show a meaningful improvement of gait function in mildly affected MS patients 
    Output:
    
These results indicate that the WBV may improve the knee extension muscle strength .
However , the WBV does not show a meaningful improvement of functional mobility in MS patients