***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES Motivating adolescents to adopt proper nutrition and physical activity behaviors is important in this nation 's fight to prevent obesity and chronic diseases . This study was conducted to determine which health education delivery method would elicit a greater behavior change . METHOD The intervention was conducted in three schools ( control , computer-based , and traditional education ) .  RESULTS Students who received the computer-based intervention showed increased knowledge ( p<0.001 ) , physical activity ( p=0.001 ) , self-efficacy ( p<0.001 ) , and social support ( p<0.001 ) , and decreased meals skipped ( p<0.001 ) . CONCLUSION The computer-based group showed more positive behavior changes . However , future programs may be enhanced by including group discussion and individual feedback PURPOSE To examine the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-driven and family-based program delivered online to promote healthy lifestyles and weights in Chinese American adolescents . METHODS A r and omized controlled study of a web-based intervention was developed and conducted in 54 Chinese American adolescents ( ages , 12 - 15 years ) and their families .  Data on anthropometry , blood pressure , dietary intake , physical activity , and knowledge and self-efficacy regarding physical activity and nutrition were collected at baseline and 2 , 6 , and 8 months after the baseline assessment . Data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling . RESULTS The intervention result ed in significant decreases in waist-to-hip ratio and diastolic blood pressure and increases in vegetable and fruit intake , level of physical activity , and knowledge about physical activity and nutrition . CONCLUSION This web-based behavior program for Chinese American adolescents and their families seems feasible and effective in the short-term . Long-term effects remain to be determined . This type of program can be adapted for other minority ethnic groups who are at high-risk for overweight and obesity and have limited access to programs that promote healthy lifestyles PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of two school-based internet obesity prevention programs  for diverse adolescents on  body mass index ( BMI ) , health behaviors , and self-efficacy , and to explore moderators of program efficacy . It was hypothesized that the addition of coping skills training to a health education and behavioral support program would further enhance health outcomes . METHODS A r and omized clinical trial with cluster r and omization by class and repeated measures with follow-up at 3 and 6 months was conducted ( n = 384 ) .  BMI was assessed by use of st and ard procedures . Sedentary behavior , physical activity , nutrition behavior , self-efficacy , and satisfaction were assessed with self-report measures . Data analysis consisted of mixed model analyses with autoregressive covariance structure for repeated data by use of intent-to-treat procedures . RESULTS The mean age of students was 15.31 years ( ±0.69 ) , with a mean BMI of 24.69 ( ±5.58 ) . The majority were girls ( 62 % ) and of diverse race/ethnicity ( 65 % non-white ) . There were no significant differences between groups on any outcomes and no change in BMI over time . There were significant improvements in health behaviors ( sedentary behavior , moderate and vigorous physical activity , healthy eating , fruit and vegetable intake , sugar beverages , and junk food intake ) and self-efficacy . Gender and lesson completion moderated select health outcomes . There was excellent participation and high satisfaction with the programs . CONCLUSIONS School-based internet obesity prevention programs are appealing to adolescents and improve health behaviors . The differential effect of coping skills training may require longer follow-up Background : The positive effects of computer-tailored dietary fat intake interventions have been demonstrated in adults , but few studies have investigated the impact on adolescents . Purpose : The purpose is to evaluate the acceptability , feasibility and effectiveness of a computer-tailored dietary fat intake education program for adolescents . Methods : A r and om sample of 10 schools , 5 with general and 5 with technical-vocational education programs , were selected to participate . In each of the 10 schools , 2 classes of 7th grade rs were r and omly assigned to the intervention ( n=153 ) or control ( no-intervention , n=151 ) condition . Students were exposed once in class to a 50-min theory-based computer-tailored dietary fat intake intervention . Question naires were completed 1 week before ( food frequency question naire for dietary fat intake + psychosocial determinants ) and 3 months after ( process evaluation + food frequency question naire for dietary fat intake + psychosocial determinants ) the intervention . Results : About one in three students evaluated the intervention as interesting ( 34 % ) , novel ( 38 % ) , personally relevant ( 26 % ) , credible ( 34 % ) , and correct ( 38 % ) . Half of the students evaluated the intervention messages to be too long , and one fourth did not read the intervention messages . A decrease in dietary fat consumption was shown in girls enrolled in technical-vocational schools ( F=3.5 , p≤.05 ) and in boys and girls undertaking general education who reported to have read the intervention messages ( F=3.6 , p≤.05 ) ; however , no intervention effects were detected for the total sample . Conclusions : Further improvements to the intervention for use in adolescents should be evaluated . Given that a positive impact was shown in most adolescents and that a computer-tailored dietary fat intake education program has the capability of reaching large groups at low cost , this study shows that using such interventions in adolescents has potential OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a school-based health behavior intervention known as Planet Health on obesity among boys and girls in grade s 6 to 8 . DESIGN R and omized , controlled field trial with 5 intervention and 5 control schools . Outcomes were assessed using preintervention ( fall 1995 ) and follow-up measures ( spring 1997 ) , including prevalence , incidence , and remission of obesity . PARTICIPANTS A group of 1295 ethnically diverse grade 6 and 7 students from public schools in 4 Massachusetts communities . INTERVENTION Students participated in a school-based interdisciplinary intervention over 2 school years . Planet Health sessions were included within existing curricula using classroom teachers in 4 major subjects and physical education . Sessions focused on decreasing television viewing , decreasing consumption of high-fat foods , increasing fruit and vegetable intake , and increasing moderate and vigorous physical activity . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obesity was defined as a composite indicator based on both a body mass index and a triceps skinfold value greater than or equal to age- and sex-specific 85th percentiles . Because schools were r and omized , rather than students , the generalized estimating equation method was used to adjust for individual-level covariates under cluster r and omization . RESULTS The prevalence of obesity among girls in intervention schools was reduced compared with controls , controlling for baseline obesity ( odds ratio , 0.47 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.24 - 0.93 ; P = .03 ) , with no differences found among boys . There was greater remission of obesity among intervention girls vs. control girls ( odds ratio , 2.16 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.07 - 4.35 ; P = .04 ) . The intervention reduced television hours among both girls and boys , and increased fruit and vegetable consumption and result ed in a smaller increment in total energy intake among girls . Reductions in television viewing predicted obesity change and mediated the intervention effect . Among girls , each hour of reduction in television viewing predicted reduced obesity prevalence ( odds ratio , 0.85 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.75 - 0.97 ; P = .02 ) . CONCLUSION Planet Health decreased obesity among female students , indicating a promising school-based approach to reducing obesity among youth BACKGROUND Consumption of liquid calories from beverages has increased in parallel with the obesity epidemic in the US population , but their causal relation remains unclear . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine how changes in beverage consumption affect  weight change among adults . DESIGN This was a prospect i ve study of 810 adults participating in the PREMIER trial , an 18-mo r and omized , controlled , behavioral intervention trial .  Measurements ( weight , height , and 24-h dietary recall ) were made at baseline , 6 mo , and 18 mo . RESULTS Baseline mean intake of liquid calories was 356 kcal/d ( 19 % of total energy intake ) . After potential confounders and intervention assignment were controlled for , a reduction in liquid calorie intake of 100 kcal/d was associated with a weight loss of 0.25 kg ( 95 % CI : 0.11 , 0.39 ; P < 0.001 ) at 6 mo and of 0.24 kg ( 95 % CI : 0.06 , 0.41 ; P = 0.008 ) at 18 mo . A reduction in liquid calorie intake had a stronger effect than did a reduction in solid calorie intake on weight loss . Of the individual beverages , only intake of sugar-sweetened beverages ( SSBs ) was significantly associated with weight change . A reduction in SSB intake of 1 serving/d was associated with a weight loss of 0.49 kg ( 95 % CI : 0.11 , 0.82 ; P = 0.006 ) at 6 mo and of 0.65 kg ( 95 % CI : 0.22 , 1.09 ; P = 0.003 ) at 18 mo . CONCLUSIONS These data support recommendations to limit liquid calorie intake among adults and to reduce SSB consumption as a means to accomplish weight loss or avoid excess weight gain . This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00000616 OBJECTIVE A r and omized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an internet-based lifestyle behavior modification program for African-American girls over a 2-year period of intervention . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Fifty-seven overweight ( mean BMI percentile , 98.3 ) African-American girls ( mean age , 13.2 years ) were r and omly assigned to an interactive behavioral internet program or an internet health education program , the control condition .  Overweight parents were also participants in the study . Forty adolescent-parent dyads ( 70 % ) completed the 2-year trial . Outcome data including BMI , body weight , body composition , and weight loss behaviors were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals . A computer server tracked use of the web sites . RESULTS An intention-to-treat statistical approach was used , with the last observation carried forward . In comparison with the control condition , adolescents in the behavioral program lost more mean body fat ( BF ) ( -1.12 + /- 0.47 % vs. 0.43 + /- 0.47 % BF , p < 0.05 ) , and parents in the behavioral program lost significantly more mean body weight ( -2.43 + /- 0.66 vs. -0.35 + /- 0.64 kg , p < 0.05 ) during the first 6 months . This weight loss was regained over the next 18 months . After 2 years , differences in fat for adolescents ( -0.08 + /- 0.71 % vs. 0.84 + /- 0.72 % BF ) and weight for parents ( -1.1 + /- 0.91 vs. -0.60 + /- 0.89 kg ) did not differ between the behavioral and control programs . DISCUSSION An internet-based weight management program for African-American adolescent girls and their parents result ed in weight loss during the first 6 months but did not yield long-term loss due to reduced use of the web site over time OBJECTIVE . This study examined the efficacy of an Internet-facilitated intervention for weight maintenance and binge eating in adolescents . METHODS . A total of 105 adolescent male and female high school students at risk for overweight ( mean age : 15.1 ± 1.0 years ) were r and omly assigned to a 16-week online intervention , StudentBodies2-BED ( n = 52 ) , or the wait-list control group ( n = 53 ) . RESULTS . Participants in the StudentBodies2-BED group had significantly lower BMI z scores and BMI from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment , compared with the wait-list control group . In addition , significant reductions in objective binge episodes and subjective binge episodes from baseline assessment to posttreatment assessment and from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment were observed among StudentBodies2-BED participants . The StudentBodies2-BED group also reported significantly reduced weight and shape concerns from posttreatment assessment to follow-up assessment and from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment . Participants in the StudentBodies2-BED group who engaged in objective overeating or binge eating episodes at baseline assessment experienced a significantly greater reduction in BMI at follow-up assessment , compared with the wait-list control group . CONCLUSIONS . Results suggest that an Internet-facilitated intervention is moderately effective in short-term weight loss and weight maintenance and yields a large reduction in binge eating . This study also demonstrates that weight management and reduction of eating disorder psychopathological features can be achieved simultaneously by using an easily disseminated , Internet-facilitated program OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a skills-based CD-ROM intervention , with and without a parent component , to reduce  alcohol use among urban youth at 6-year follow-up . METHOD At recruitment , 513 youths with a mean age of 10.8 years were r and omly assigned to 
    Output:
    
Small changes in diet , physical activity , knowledge , and self-efficacy were shown ; however , few results were sustained long term .
With further research and evidentiary support , this approach to obesity-related nutrition education has the potential to be successful