***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: CONTEXT Antidepressant medication is frequently prescribed for patients with anorexia nervosa . OBJECTIVE To determine whether fluoxetine can promote recovery and prolong time-to-relapse among patients with anorexia nervosa following weight restoration . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . From January 2000 until May 2005 , 93 patients with anorexia nervosa received intensive inpatient or day-program treatment at the New York State Psychiatric Institute or Toronto General Hospital . Participants regained weight to a minimum body mass index ( calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters ) of 19.0 and were then eligible to participate in the r and omized phase of the trial . INTERVENTIONS Participants were r and omly assigned to receive fluoxetine or placebo and were treated for up to 1 year as out patients in double-blind fashion . All patients also received individual cognitive behavioral therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were time-to-relapse and the proportion of patients successfully completing 1 year of treatment . RESULTS Forty-nine patients were assigned to fluoxetine and 44 to  placebo . Similar percentages of patients assigned to fluoxetine and to placebo  maintained a body mass index of at least 18.5 and remained in the study for 52 weeks ( fluoxetine , 26.5 % ; placebo , 31.5 % ; P = .57 ) . In a Cox proportional hazards analysis , with prer and omization body mass index , site , and diagnostic subtype as covariates , there was no significant difference between fluoxetine and placebo in time-to-relapse ( hazard ratio , 1.12 ; 95 % CI , 0.65 - 2.01 ; P = .64 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study failed to demonstrate any benefit from fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa following weight restoration . Future efforts should focus on developing new models to underst and the persistence of this illness and on exploring new psychological and pharmacological treatment approaches . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00288574 Women who were referred with an eating disorder ( ED )  were compared with a matched normal control group to answer the following questions : What are the frequencies of anxiety disorders in cases of anorexia and bulimia nervosa diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria ? Are anxiety disorders significantly more frequent among women with an eating disorder than among women from the community ? We assessed the frequencies of six specific anxiety disorders  among 271 women with a current diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia nervosa and 271 controls , using the  Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview , French DSM-IV version . A lifetime comorbidity with at least one anxiety disorder was found in 71 % of both the anorexic and the bulimic subjects , significantly higher than the percentage of controls with an anxiety disorder . The prevalence was significantly higher in the eating disorder groups than in controls for most types of anxiety disorder , and between 41.8 and 53.3 % of comorbid cases had an anxiety disorder preceding the onset of the eating disorder . Anxiety disorders are significantly more frequent in subjects with eating disorders than in volunteers from the community , a finding that has important etiological and therapeutic implication OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare two maintenance treatment conditions for weight-restored anorexia nervosa ( AN ) :  individual cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) and maintenance treatment as usual ( MTAU ) . METHOD This study was a nonr and omized clinical trial . The participants were 88 patients with AN who had achieved a minimum body mass index ( BMI ) of 19.5 and control of binge eating and purging symptoms after completing a specialized hospital-based program . Forty-six patients received 1 year of manualized individual CBT and 42 were in an assessment -only control condition ( i.e. , MTAU ) for 1 year . This condition was intended to mirror follow-up care as usual . Participants in both the conditions were assessed at 3-month intervals during the 1-year study . The main outcome variable was time to relapse . RESULTS When relapse was defined as a BMI < or= 17.5 for 3 months or the resumption of regular binge eating and /or purging behavior for 3 months , time to relapse was significantly longer in the CBT condition when compared with MTAU . At 1 year , 65 % of the CBT group and 34 % of the MTAU group had not relapsed . DISCUSSION The current findings provide preliminary evidence that CBT may be helpful in improving outcome and preventing relapse in weight-restored AN Background This study compared the best available treatment for bulimia nervosa , cognitive – behavioural therapy ( CBT ) augmented by fluoxetine if indicated , with a stepped-care treatment approach in order to enhance treatment effectiveness . Aims To establish the relative effectiveness of these two approaches . Method This was a r and omised trial conducted at four clinical centres ( Clinical trials.gov registration number : NCT00733525 ) . A total of 293 participants with bulimia nervosa were r and omised to one of two treatment conditions : manual-based CBT delivered in an individual therapy format involving 20 sessions over 18 weeks and participants who were predicted to be non-responders after 6 sessions of CBT had fluoxetine added to treatment ; or a stepped-care approach that began with supervised self-help , with the addition of fluoxetine in participants who were predicted to be non-responders after six sessions , followed by CBT for those who failed to achieve abstinence with self-help and medication management . Results Both in the intent-to-treat and completer sample s , there were no differences between the two treatment conditions in inducing recovery ( no binge eating or purging behaviours for 28 days ) or remission ( no longer meeting DSM – IV criteria ) . At the end of 1-year follow-up , the stepped-care condition was significantly superior to CBT . Conclusions Therapist-assisted self-help was an effective first-level treatment in the stepped-care sequence , and the full sequence was more effective than CBT suggesting that treatment is enhanced with a more individualised approach OBJECTIVE To date no trial has focused on the treatment of adolescents with bulimia nervosa . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of family therapy and cognitive behavior therapy ( CBT ) guided self-care in adolescents with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified . METHOD Eighty-five adolescents with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified were recruited from eating disorder services in the United Kingdom . Participants were r and omly assigned to family therapy for bulimia nervosa or individual CBT guided self-care supported by a health professional . The primary outcome measures were abstinence from binge-eating and vomiting , as assessed by interview at end of treatment ( 6 months ) and again at 12 months . Secondary outcome measures included other bulimic symptoms and cost of care . RESULTS Of the 85 study participants , 41 were assigned to family therapy and 44 to CBT guided self-care . At 6 months , bingeing had undergone a significantly greater reduction in the guided self-care group than in the family therapy group ; however , this difference disappeared at 12 months . There were no other differences between groups in behavioral or attitudinal eating disorder symptoms . The direct cost of treatment was lower for guided self-care than for family therapy . The two treatments did not differ in other cost categories . CONCLUSIONS Compared with family therapy , CBT guided self-care has the slight advantage of offering a more rapid reduction of bingeing , lower cost , and greater acceptability for adolescents with bulimia or eating disorder not otherwise specified OBJECTIVE To collect nationally representative epidemiological data on early-onset eating disorders ( EOEDs ) in children . DESIGN Prospect i ve , active surveillance using the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit with key informant design . SETTING Child health specialists in Australia ( July 2002 to June 2005 ) . PATIENTS Incident cases of EOEDs in children aged 5 - 13 years . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease rates , demographic characteristics , clinical features and complications , hospitalisation , psychological comorbidity , and concordance of clinical features with Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition ( DSM-IV ) criteria . RESULTS We identified 101 children aged 5 - 13 years with EOEDs ( median age , 12.2 years ; range , 5.5 - 13.9 years ) , of whom one in four were boys . Most were hospitalised ( 78 % ) , and the mean duration of hospitalisation was 24.7 days ( range , 1 - 75 days ) . More than 70 % of in patients were admitted to specialised eating disorder units in paediatric teaching hospitals . Among in patients , 37 % met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa ; although 61 % had life-threatening complications of malnutrition , only 51 % met weight criteria . Psychological symptoms were similar to those in adults with anorexia nervosa : 67 % of in patients met both psychological diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa ( fear of weight gain/fatness and misperception of body shape ) . Of 19 postmenarchal girls , 18 had secondary amenorrhoea . Nasogastric feeding  was used in 58 % of in patients , and 34 % received psychotropic medications . CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospect i ve national study of EOEDs . It demonstrates the limitations of applying DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa to young children ; the high proportion of boys affected by EOEDs ; and the significant psychological comorbidity and high frequency of hospitalisation associated with EOEDs . Potentially life-threatening medical complications are common at presentation , suggesting possible missed diagnoses and a need for education of health professionals . The study underlines the severity of EOEDs and the need for joint medical and psychiatric specialist management CONTEXT Evidence d-based treatment trials for adolescents with bulimia nervosa are largely absent . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative efficacy of family-based treatment ( FBT ) and supportive psychotherapy ( SPT ) for adolescents with bulimia nervosa . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . SETTING The University of Chicago from April 1 , 2001 , through June 30 , 2006 . PARTICIPANTS Eighty patients , aged 12 to 19 years , with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bulimia nervosa or a strict definition of partial bulimia nervosa . INTERVENTIONS Twenty outpatient visits over 6 months of FBT or SPT . Participants were followed up at 6 months posttreatment . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Abstinence from binge- and -purge episodes as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination . Secondary outcome measures were Eating Disorder Examination binge- and -purge frequency and Eating Disorder Examination subscale scores . RESULTS Forty-one patients were assigned to FBT and 39 to SPT . Categorical outcomes at posttreatment demonstrated that significantly more patients receiving FBT ( 16 [ 39 % ] ) were binge- and -purge abstinent compared with those receiving SPT ( 7 [ 18 % ] ) ( P = .049 ) . Somewhat fewer patients were abstinent at the 6-month follow-up ; however , the difference was statistically in favor of FBT vs SPT ( 12 patients [ 29 % ] vs 4 patients [ 10 % ] ; P = .05 ) . Secondary outcome assessment , based on r and om regression analysis , revealed main effects in favor of FBT on all measures of eating pathological features ( P = .003 to P = .03 for all ) . CONCLUSIONS Family-based treatment showed a clinical and statistical advantage over SPT at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up . Reduction in core bulimic symptoms was also more immediate for patients receiving FBT vs SPT Recently hospitalized bipolar , manic patients ( N = 53 ) were r and omly assigned to a 9-month , manual-based , family-focused psychoeducational therapy ( n = 28 ) or to an individually focused patient treatment ( n = 25 ) . All patients received concurrent treatment with mood-stabilizing medications . Structured follow-up assessment s were conducted at 3-month intervals for a 1-year period ofactive treatment and a 1-year period of posttreatment follow-up . Compared with patients in individual therapy , those in family-focused treatment were less likely to be rehospitalized during the 2-year study period . Patients in family treatment also experienced fewer mood disorder relapses over the 2 years , although they did not differ from patients in individual treatment in their likelihood of a first relapse . Results suggest that family psychoeducational treatment is a useful adjunct to pharmacotherapy in decreasing the risk of relapse and hospitalization frequently associated with bipolar disorder Recovered recurrently depressed patients were r and omized to treatment as usual ( TAU ) or TAU plus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ( MBCT ) . Replicating previous findings , MBCT reduced relapse from 78 % to 36 % in 55 patients with 3 or more previous episodes ; but in 18 patients with only 2 ( recent ) episodes corresponding figures were 20 % and 50 % . MBCT was most effective in preventing relapses not preceded by life events . Relapses were more often associated with significant life events in the 2-episode group . This group also reported less childhood adversity and later first depression onset than the 3-or-more 
    Output:
    
Bulimia nervosa ( BN ) received the most attention in the treatment literature , with cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) and antidepressants the most common interventions .
For anorexia nervosa ( AN ) , family based therapy ( FBT ) was the most studied .