***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To verify whether the combination of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation ( TENS ) with oxybutynin in the treatment of women with overactive bladder ( OAB ) would be more effective than isolated treatments . Methods We r and omized 75 women with OAB , in three groups : GI—30 min TENS , twice a week ; GII — daily slow release 10 mg oxybutynin ; and GIII — TENS + oxybutynin ( multimodal ) ; all for 12 weeks . Patients were evaluated with vali date d question naires International Consultation on Incontinence-Short Form ( ICIQ-SF ) , International Consultation on Incontinence-OAB ( ICIQ-OAB ) , Symptom bother , and 3-day Voiding diary at weeks 0 , 12 , and 24 . Results The groups were similar before treatment . After treatment , all groups significantly improved in OAB symptoms and quality of life ( QoL ) . At week 12 , ICIQ-OAB scores were 5.9 , 4.6 , and 2.9 , in groups I , II , and III , respectively , p = 0.01 . At week 24 , GI and GIII kept the scores of the end of treatment ( week 12 ) , while GII increased ICIQ-OAB from 4.6 to 9.2 , p = 0.0001 , ICIQ-SF from 9.8 to 13.3 , p = 0.0006 , and Symptom bother score from 3.4 to 7.0 , p = 0.0001 . Conclusions The multimodal treatment was more effective and TENS alone or in association presented longer lasting results for improvement of clinical symptoms of OAB and Aims : This study compared the effectiveness of solifenacin succinate ( SS ) versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation ( PTNS ) in women with overactive bladder syndrome ( OABS ) . Methods : A r and omized controlled crossover study of 40 women with OABS was performed . Patients were r and omized into two groups . In group A , patients received SS and then PTNS . In group B , patients underwent PTNS and then SS .  Voiding diaries , quality of life surveys and patient perception of intensity of urgency question naire were performed before and after each treatment . The global impression of improvement question naire was performed at the end of the study . Results : A reduction in the number of daily micturitions , episodes of nocturia and urge incontinence were found with both SS and PTNS in all groups , but PTNS showed a greater effectiveness than SS . There was an increase in voided volume in all groups with both SS and PTNS , but patients treated with PTNS had a greater increase . PTNS showed greater effectiveness in patient perception of urgency and quality of life . Conclusion : This study demonstrates the effectiveness of SS and PTNS In women with overactive bladder symptoms . However , greater improvements were found with PTNS OBJECTIVE In sacral as well as tibial nerve stimulation test stimulation is the main prognostic factor for success . In our study we tried to identify prognostic patient characteristics to improve patient selection for neuromodulation therapy . METHODS PTNS  was applied to 132 patients in 8 study centers ( 51 men , 81 women , mean age of 53 years ( range : 21 - 82 ) ) . 83 patients were treated for overactive bladder , 16 for non-obstructive urinary retention and 33 for chronic pelvic pain . All patients had to fill out micturition or pain diaries  , as well as quality of life question naires before and after treatment . Patient characteristics were evaluated for their prognostic value for successful outcome of neuromodulation therapy with use of logistic regression . RESULTS Objective success was seen in 32.6 % of patients , subjective success in 51.5 % . Most evaluated clinical parameters proved not to be of prognostic value . A history of sexual and /or physical abuse was found in 12 of 103 interviewed patients , but did not alter PTNS treatment outcome . However , a low total score at baseline in the SF-36 question naire proved to be predictive for not obtaining objective ( OR 0.444 [ 95 % CI : 0.198 - 0.996 ] , p = 0.04 ) or subjective success ( OR 0.424 [ CI : 0.203 - 0.887 ] , p = 0.02 ) . Especially patients with a low SF-36 Mental Component Summary were prone to fail neuromodulation therapy :  OR 0.123 ( 95 % CI : 0.273 - 0.552 ) , p = 0.006 for objective success . These patients also scored worse on disease-specific quality of life question naires , although they had no different disease severity compared to patients with good mental health . CONCLUSION Bad mental health as measured with the SF-36 Mental Component Summary does not depend on symptom severity and is a negative predictive factor for success of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation . It therefore might be used as a tool for better patient selection in neuromodulation therapy Objective To perform Stoller afferent neurostimulation ( SANS ) with and without a low-dose anticholinergic ( oxybutynin hydrochloride ) in patients with detrusor overactivity and compare the results obtained with the two therapeutic approaches . Material and methods A total of 43 patients with symptoms of detrusor overactivity ( frequency , urgency , urge incontinence ) underwent urodynamic studies ( UDS ) . Those in whom UDS revealed phasic detrusor overactivity were evaluated using a quality of life question naire and voiding diaries . Patients were r and omized into two groups : Group 1 received SANS alone ; Group 2 received SANS combined with a low-dose anticholinergic ( 5 mg of oral oxybutynin hydrochloride ) . Both groups were re-evaluated following 8 weeks of therapy . Results There were 21 patients in Group 1 and 22 in Group 2 . The treatment response rate was 61.6 % and 83.2 % in Groups 1 and 2 , respectively . In both groups , the best symptomatic improvements were obtained in patients with urge incontinence . The percentage decreases in the mean number of symptoms of frequency and urgency were 36.7 % and 46.1 % , respectively in Group 1 and 44.2 % and 61.1 % , respectively in Group 2 . However , there were no statistically significant differences in the effects on frequency and urgency between the two groups . The anticholinergic drug was well tolerated by all patients in Group 2 . One patient reported local tenderness , and a small hematoma developed in another following SANS therapy . Conclusion SANS is an easy and inexpensive therapeutic method with low morbidity in patients with an overactive bladder . Combination with a low-dose anticholinergic increases the success rate without causing any significant side-effects AIMS To evaluate the safety , sustained effectiveness , and treatment interval for percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation ( PTNS ) for overactive bladder ( OAB ) therapy through 24 months . METHODS A prospect i ve study following treatment success after 12 weekly PTNS treatments , subjects were prescribed a 14-week tapering protocol , followed by ongoing therapy with a Personal Treatment Plan determined by the investigator and subject to sustain subject OAB symptom improvement . Question naires were completed every 3 months , voiding diaries every 6 months ; adverse events were reported throughout . RESULTS Of 50 subjects enrolled , 35 remained in the study at 24 months . During the 24 months following initial treatment success and a 14-week tapering protocol , mean treatments per month was 1.3 . Voiding diary and OAB-q data demonstrate sustained improvement reported at 13 weeks through 24 months . Improvements in frequency , urge incontinence episodes , night-time voids and moderate-to-severe urgency episodes from voiding diaries at 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months were statistically significant compared to baseline ( prior to initial 12 weekly treatments ) . Compared to baseline , OAB-q symptom severity scores and health related quality of life scores were statistically significant for improvement at each tested time point . Five mild adverse events of unknown relation to treatment were reported . CONCLUSION Sustained safety and efficacy of PTNS were demonstrated over 24 months with initial success after 12 weekly treatments , followed by a 14-week prescribed tapering protocol and a Personalized Treatment Plan . With an average of 1.3 treatments per month , PTNS therapy is a safe , durable , and valuable long-term OAB treatment option to sustain clinical ly significant OAB symptom control To determine the effect of a pause in percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation ( PTNS ) in successfully treated patients with an overactive bladder ( OAB ) , and the reproducibility of successful treatment when restored PURPOSE The Overactive Bladder Innovative Therapy trial was a r and omized , multicenter , controlled study that compared the effectiveness of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation to extended-release tolterodine . The reduction in overactive bladder symptoms along with global response assessment s was evaluated . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 100 adults with urinary frequency were r and omized 1:1 to 12 weeks of treatment with weekly percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation or to 4 mg daily extended-release tolterodine . Voiding diaries and an overactive bladder question naire were completed at baseline and at the end of therapy to compare 24-hour voiding frequency , urinary urge incontinence episodes , voids causing waking , volume voided , urgency episodes and quality of life indices . Global response assessment s were completed by subjects and investigators after 12 weeks of therapy . RESULTS The global response assessment demonstrated that subject assessment of overactive bladder symptoms compared to baseline was statistically significant in the percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation arm with 79.5 % reporting cure or improvement compared to 54.8 % of subjects on tolterodine ( p = 0.01 ) . Assessment s by investigators were similar but did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.05 ) . After 12 weeks of therapy objective measures improved similarly in both groups for reductions in urinary frequency , urge urinary incontinence episodes , urge severity and nighttime voids , as well as for improvement in voided volume . There were no serious adverse events or device malfunctions . CONCLUSIONS This multicenter , r and omized trial demonstrates that percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation is safe with statistically significant improvements in patient assessment of overactive bladder symptoms , and with objective effectiveness comparable to that of pharmacotherapy . Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation may be considered a clinical ly significant alternative therapy for overactive bladder AIM Aim of our study was to compare the results of posterior tibial nerve stimulation ( PTNS ) performed weekly with those of PTNS performed 3 times per week in patients with overactive bladder syndrome . METHODS Thirty-five patients ( 28 females , 7 males ) with overactive bladder syndrome not responding to antimuscarinic therapy  were enrolled in a prospect i ve study . A total of 17 out of 35 patients were r and omly assigned to group A and treated with a PTNS protocol based on weekly stimulation sessions ; 18 out of 35 patients were r and omly assigned to group B and treated with a PTNS protocol based on stimulation sessions performed 3 times per week . All subjects were evaluated by means of 24 h bladder diaries , quality of life question naires ( I-QoL , SF36 ) and urodynamic evaluation before and after treatment . Patients were asked after each stimulation session to give their opinion on the efficacy of the treatment . We have considered ' ' success ' ' those patients who presented a reduction > 50 % of the micturition episodes/24 h ( ME/24 ) or ( if incontinent ) of the incontinence episodes/24 h ( IE/24 ) . Results before and after treatments in both groups were collected and statistically compared . RESULTS As a whole , 11/17 patients ( 63 % ) in group A and 12/18 patients ( 67 % ) in group B were considered ' ' success ' ' ; 4/11 ( 36 % ) incontinent patients in group A and 5/11 ( 45 % ) incontinent patients in group B were completely cured after treatment . In both groups , patients reported subjective improvement after 6 - 8 stimulation sessions . CONCLUSIONS Our findings seem to show that the periodicity of stimulation does not effect the results of PTNS treatment . The advantage of more frequent stimulation sessions is to achieve earlier a clinical improvement Aim : In this prospect i ve observational study , we investigated the efficacy of Stoller afferent nerve stimulation ( SANS ) in subjects with overactive bladder who failed anticholinergic treatment . Methods : Thirty-five subjects with overactive bladder who failed therapy with oxybutynin  participated in this study . Treatment ( n=35 ) was given once a week for 30 minutes for overall 10 weeks . In treatment , SANS device ( Urosurge ® ) was used . Subjects were assessed with 3-day voiding diary , SEAPI quality of life question naires and cystometry before therapy after completion of therapy and at one-year follow-up . Results : In 54 % ( n=19 ) of subjects complete recovery was obtained after treatment . Urgency and SEAPI were reduced significantly whereas urine volume increased significantly ( p<0.01 ) . Complete recovery was maintained in eight of the 19 subjects at one year . Conclusions : SANS treatment has a short-term positive effect in patients with resistant overactive bladder . However , it was also established that efficacy was maintained at 1 year in only 2 
    Output:
    
there is an evidence of effectiveness of short term PTNS in treatment of non-neurogenic OAB .
PTNS is proven significantly better than sham procedure