***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Trust pervades human societies . Trust is indispensable in friendship , love , families and organizations , and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics . In the absence of trust among trading partners , market transactions break down . In the absence of trust in a country 's institutions and leaders , political legitimacy breaks down . Much recent evidence indicates that trust contributes to economic , political and social success . Little is known , however , about the biological basis of trust among humans . Here we show that intranasal administration of oxytocin , a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals , causes a substantial increase in  trust among humans , thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions . We also show that the effect of oxytocin on trust is not due to a general increase in the readiness to bear risks . On the contrary , oxytocin specifically affects an individual 's willingness to accept social risks arising through interpersonal interactions . These results concur with animal research suggesting an essential role for oxytocin as a biological basis of prosocial approach behaviour There has been an unprecedented interest in the modulatory effects of intranasal oxytocin on human social cognition and behaviour , however as yet no study has actually demonstrated that this modality of administration increases concentrations of the peptide in the brain as well as blood in humans . Here using combined blood and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) sampling in subjects receiving either 24 IU of oxytocin ( n = 11 ) or placebo ( n = 4 ) we have shown that  oxytocin levels significantly increased in both plasma and CSF . However , whereas  oxytocin plasma concentrations peaked at 15 min after intranasal administration and decreased after 75 min , CSF concentrations took up to 75 min to reach a significant level . Moreover , there was no correlation ( r = < 0.10 ) between oxytocin plasma and CSF concentrations . Together , these data provide crucial insights into the plasma and CSF kinetics of intranasally administered oxytocin BACKGROUND A diagnostic hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is a qualitative impairment in social communication and interaction . Deficits in the ability to recognize the emotions of others are believed to contribute to this . There is currently no effective treatment for these problems . METHODS In a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled , crossover design , we administered oxytocin nasal spray ( 18 or 24 IU ) or a placebo to 16 male youth aged 12 to 19 who were diagnosed with Autistic or Asperger 's Disorder . Participants then completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task , a widely used and reliable test of emotion recognition . RESULTS In comparison with placebo , oxytocin administration improved performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task . This effect was also shown when analysis was restricted to the younger participants aged 12 to 15 who received the lower dose . CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin nasal spray improves emotion recognition in young people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders . Findings suggest the potential of earlier intervention and further evaluation of oxytocin nasal spray as a treatment to improve social communication and interaction in young people with autism spectrum disorders 
    Output:
    
Discussion This systematic review and meta- analysis will identify and synthesize evidence to determine if there is an association between central and peripheral OT concentrations .