***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: A double blind , 7-month parallel clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of a dentifrice containing 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 0.75 per cent zinc citrate in a 0.8 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate/silica base on supragingival plaque , gingivitis and supragingival calculus formation , compared to a 0.8 per cent monofluorophosphate/silica control dentifrice . The results of this clinical study demonstrate that the use of the Triclosan/zinc citrate dentifrice over a 7-month period provided a statistically significant and clinical ly relevant benefit in controlling gingivitis , compared to a control dentifrice . Supragingival plaque and calculus levels were also significantly reduced in comparison to the effects of a control dentifrice This 6-month , double-blind clinical study , also following the American Dental Association guidelines , investigated the efficacy of Colgate Optimized Stannous Fluoride ( COSF ) dentifrice in controlling  supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis .  The same dentifrice , containing 0.454 % stannous fluoride , stannous chloride , polyphosphate , and citrate in a silica base was used . Adult men and women from the Atlanta , Georgia , area received an oral prophylaxis and were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily ( morning and evening ) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice , using a soft-bristled toothbrush . As in the first study , plaque and gingivitis examinations were conducted after 3 months and again after 6 months of using the dentifrices . At both the 3- and 6-month study examinations , the COSF dentifrice group exhibited statistically significant reductions in both plaque and gingivitis compared to the control dentifrice group . At the 6-month examination , the magnitude of these percent reductions exceeded 20 % for all 4 parameters measured . Thus , the results of this study reflect those found in the New Jersey study , i.e. , supporting the conclusion that the COSF dentifrice is efficacious for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis – The effect of a weekly mouthrinsing with a 0.2 % sodium fluoride solution on the gingiva of children was investigated using a double-blind technique . One hundred and twenty-seven Grade 2 children ( 6–7 years old ) and 126 Grade 6 children ( 12–13 years old ) of Negro and Caucasian background formed the study groups . In each age group , fluoride and placebo subgroups were formed which were balanced as to sex , race and number . Assessment s were made for the presence of gingival inflammation , plaque and calculus on six selected permanent teeth . The results indicated that in neither age group was the degree of gingivitis influenced by the fluoride mouthrinse . Further , no differences between the two age groups in degree of gingivitis and amount of plaque were noted A trial was made comparing the effects of efficient and thorough removal of plaque and debris alone , and with a daily antiseptic mouthwash . The results showed considerable variation but no significant difference in gingival inflammation between hygienic treatment and a daily mouthwash with chlorhexidine-gluconate or povidone-iodine . Povidone-iodine caused less staining of the teeth than chlorhexidine-gluconate This double-blind parallel- design clinical study compared the efficacy of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice ( Crest Plus Gum Care ) , baking soda and peroxide ( NaF ) dentifrice ( Mentadent ) , and essential oil mouthrinse ( Listerine ) to a conventional NaF dentifrice ( Crest ) for the control of plaque , gingivitis and gingival bleeding over six months . Following an initial baseline examination and stratification , subjects received a complete oral prophylaxis and were distributed assigned test products . Following three and six months , subjects re-visited the clinic for examinations . Evaluations at baseline and at 3 and 6 months included soft tissue status . Löe-Silness gingivitis/gingival bleeding , Silness-Löe plaque and dental stain . Results subsequent to six months of product use were as follows : At six months , the stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice was observed to produce statistically significant 17.5 % reductions in gingivitis and 27.5 % reductions in gingival bleeding relative to the NaF dentifrice . The combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse produced statistically significant reductions of 7.4 % in gingivitis and 10.8 % in plaque as compared with the NaF dentifrice . The stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice produced statistically significant reductions in both gingivitis ( 10.8 % ) and gingival bleeding ( 23.0 % ) relative to the combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse . The baking soda and peroxide ( NaF ) dentifrice did not provide reductions in gingivitis , plaque or gingival bleeding as compared with the conventional NaF dentifrice . The stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in gingivitis as compared with the baking soda and peroxide dentifrice following six months of use , and both the essential oil mouthrinse and stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice provided statistically significant reductions in gingivitis as compared with the baking soda and peroxide dentifrice following three months of use . These results support : 1 ) the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice and the combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse for the prevention of gingivitis ; 2 ) the superior activity of stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice as compared with a combination of sodium fluoride dentifrice and essential oil mouthrinse for the control of gingivitis and gingival bleeding ; and 3 ) the lack of efficacy for baking soda and peroxide dentifrice for the control of  plaque , gingivitis and gingival bleeding  as compared with conventional fluori date d dentifrice Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) is not optimal . Without transparent reporting , readers can not judge the reliability and validity of trial findings nor extract information for systematic review s. Recent method ological analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects . Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs , which are considered the gold st and ard for evaluating interventions because of their ability to minimise or avoid bias . A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs . It was first published in 1996 and up date d in 2001 . The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT . Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have endorsed the CONSORT statement . The statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs . During the 2001 CONSORT revision , it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports . A CONSORT explanation and elaboration article was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement . After an expert meeting in January 2007 , the CONSORT statement has been further revised and is published as the CONSORT 2010 Statement . This up date improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition , such as selective outcome reporting bias . This explanatory and elaboration document-intended to enhance the use , underst and ing , and dissemination of the CONSORT statement-has also been extensively revised . It presents the meaning and rationale for each new and up date d checklist item providing examples of good reporting and , where possible , references to relevant empirical studies . Several examples of flow diagrams are included . The CONSORT 2010 Statement , this revised explanatory and elaboration document , and the associated website ( www.consort-statement.org ) should be helpful re sources to improve reporting of r and omised trials This blind and r and omized-controlled trial analysed chlorhexidine dentifrices in relation to dental plaque , gingivitis , bleeding , calculus and enamel extrinsic staining development . Volunteers in fixed orthodontic therapy used the following dentifrices : 1100 ppmF , NaF ( group A , n=27 ) ; experimental , 1100 ppmF , NaF and chlorhexidine 0.95 % ( group B , n=28 ) ; and experimental , chlorhexidine 0.95 % ( group C , n=28 ) . At baseline , after 6 , 12 and 24 weeks , clinical examinations were carried out . The gingivitis , bleeding and plaque data were tested by anova and Tukey 's post hoc tests . Stain and calculus data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn 's post hoc tests ( p<0.05 ) . Plaque , gingivitis and bleeding scores improved in all three groups , but up to the 6 and 12 weeks examination the products containing chlorhexidine were statistically better . The chlorhexidine dentifrices significantly increased the mean of the stain index , although most of the patients did not notice the stains . The calculus index was not significantly modified . In summary , this study suggests that the use of dentifrices containing chlorhexidine seems to be effective for the treatment of gingivitis in orthodontic patients , although the intense motivating contact that the volunteers had with the research ers may have also played a role A total of one hundred twenty-one ( 121 ) adult male and female subjects completed a 6-month , double-blind clinical study comparing the effect on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis of a dentifrice containing 0.3 % Triclosan and 2.0 % of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid to a placebo dentifrice . Both the Triclosan/copolymer and placebo dentifrices contained 0.243 % sodium fluoride in a silica base . Subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline plaque and gingivitis scores . They then received an oral prophylaxis and were assigned to use either the Triclosan/copolymer dentrifrice or the placebo dentifrice for the next 6 months . Subjects were evaluated for supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis after 3 and 6 months ' use of the dentifrices . After 6 months , the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 32.32 % statistically significant reduction ( 99 % level of confidence ) in supragingival plaque formation , as compared to the placebo dentifrice . Also , after 6 months , the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 25.64 % statistically significant reduction ( 99 % level of confidence ) in gingivitis , as compared to the placebo dentifrice . It thus can be concluded from this clinical study that the twice daily use of the dentifrice containing 0.3 % Triclosan and 2.0 % of a copolymer in a 0.243 % sodium fluoride/silica base provides statistically significant reductions in both supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis A total of 294 adult male and female subjects completed a 6-month , double-blind clinical trial design ed to evaluate the effects of a dentifrice which contained 0.3 % triclosan in conjunction with 2 % of a methoxyethylene/maleic acid copolymer in a 0.243 % sodium fluoride/silica base , relative to a control dentifrice , on  supragingival plaque accumulation and gingivitis .  Plaque and gingivitis were scored after 3 and 6-month use of the assigned dentifrice . At the end of the study , the triclosan group showed an average reduction , relative to the control group , of 12 % in plaque accumulation and 20 % in gingivitis . Both were statistically significant at p < or = 0.0001 . The effect of the triclosan dentifrice was most pronounced on the more severe manifestations of plaque and gingivitis . The improvement in the gingival parameters at 6-months relative to the control dentifrice was statistically significant at p < or = 0.0001 . It was concluded that the twice-daily use of the triclosan-containing dentifrice result ed in significant reduction in supragingival plaque formation and a significant improvement in gingival health without the presence of any extrinsic staining or objectionable taste PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a novel mouthrinse containing 0.07 % high bioavailable cetylpyridinium chloride ( Crest Pro-Health Rinse ) on the development of gingivitis and plaque versus a placebo control over a period of 6 months . METHODS This was a r and omized , 6-month , placebo-controlled , parallel groups , double blind , single center clinical trial . One hundred thirty-nine generally healthy adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis were enrolled in the study . Subjects were given Modified Gingival Index ( MGI ) , Gingival Bleeding Index ( GBI ) and Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index ( MQH ) examinations followed by a dental prophylaxis . Subjects were then r and omly assigned to either the cetylpyridinium chloride ( CPC ) rinse or placebo rinse and instructed to begin rinsing twice a day with 20 ml of their assigned mouthrinse for 30 seconds after brushing their teeth . Subjects were assessed for MGI , GBI and MQH scores after 3 and 6 months of product use . Oral hard and soft tissue examinations were also performed at all visits . RESULTS 124 subjects were evaluable at Month 3 and 119 at Month 6 . After 6 months , subjects rinsing with the CPC rinse showed 15.4 % less gingival 
    Output:
    
For dentifrices , triclosan-copolymer and chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect , with significant differences when compared with stannous fluoride .
For mouthrinses , essential oils and chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect , with significant differences when compared with delmopinol , alexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride .
CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study ( including the severe imbalance in the amount of evidence ) , dentifrices containing triclosan-copolymer or chlorhexidine and mouthrinses containing essential oils or chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect on PlI scores as assessed with NMA