***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background and Objective : Transradial access is an attractive approach for angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention . Different devices have been used to apply pressure locally at the site of arterial entry for achieving hemostasis . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 different hemostatic devices on radial artery outcomes after transradial coronary intervention . Subjects and Methods : This study included 600 patients who had undergone transradial coronary intervention who were r and omized into 2 groups after the procedure : 300 were treated with a radial compression device ( TR B and , Terumo Medical , Tokyo , Japan ) ( CD group ) and the other 300 patients were treated using a chitosan-based pad ( Anscare , Daxon , Taoyuan , Taiwan ) ( CS group ) . Compression time , major and minor access site bleeding complications , and incidence of radial artery occlusion were recorded . Results : There were no statistical differences in the baseline clinical characteristics of the patients between the 2 groups . Compression time in the CS group was significantly shorter than that in the CD group ( P < .001 ) . Although no major access site bleeding complications were observed in either group , 6 patients in each group experienced minor access site bleeding complications . At the same time , 61 patients in the CD group and 21 patients in the CS group experienced errhysis ( 20 % vs 7 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) . Early radial artery occlusion ( 24 hours ) occurred in 11.7 % of the patients in the CD group and 5.4 % of the patients in the CS group ( P < .05 ) . Chronic radial artery occlusion ( 30 days ) occurred in 10 % of the patients in the CD group and 5 % of the patients in the CS group ( P < .05 ) . Conclusion : The application of the chitosan-based pad showed better hemostatic efficacy and a lower incidence of radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary intervention compared with the compression device Here , we evaluate the efficacy of the Clo-Sur PAD nonwoven hydrophilic wound dressing ( HWD ) on hemostasis in an arterial-access site after transradial percutaneous coronary angiography compared with the RadiStop compression device ( CD ) .  Eighty patients who had undergone transradial coronary angiography with or without intravascular ultrasound were r and omly assigned to the HWD or CD group . The time required to achieve hemostasis was measured , and the incidence of vascular complications was assessed . No significant differences in clinical and procedural characteristics were observed between the HWD group ( n = 40 ) and the CD group ( n = 40 ) . A significant reduction in the time required to achieve hemostasis ( 58.7 + /- 32.6 minutes versus 131.3 + /- 59.1 minutes ; p < 0.001 ) was associated with the use of HWD . The incidence of vascular complications was similar in both groups ( 5 % for HWD versus 2.5 % for CD ; p = 0.500 ) . No major complications , such as large hematoma or acute radial occlusion , occurred in the HWD group . In conclusion , HWD represents a safe alternative to the compression method . Hemostasis can be achieved more quickly using HWD , with no increase in access site complications , as compared to CD Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hemostasis with patency in avoiding radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization . Background : Radial artery occlusion is an infrequent but discouraging complication of transradial access . It is related to factors such as sheath to artery ratio and is less common in patients receiving heparin . Despite being clinical ly silent in most cases , it limits future transradial access . Patients and Methods : Four hundred thirty‐six consecutive patients undergoing transradial catheterization were prospect ively enrolled in the study . Two hundred nineteen patients were r and omized to group I , and underwent conventional pressure application for hemostasis . Two hundred seventeen patients were r and omized to group II and underwent pressure application confirming radial artery patency using Barbeau 's test . Radial artery patency was studied at 24 hr and 30 days using Barbeau 's test . Results : Thirty‐eight patients had evidence of radial artery occlusion at 24 hr . Twenty patients had persistent evidence of radial artery occlusion at 1 month . Group II , with documented patency during hemostatic compression , had a statistically and clinical ly lower incidence of radial artery occlusion ( 59 % decrease at 24 hr and 75 % decrease at 30 days , P < 0.05 ) , compared with patients in group I. Low body weight patients were at significantly higher risk of radial artery occlusion . No procedural variables were found to be associated with radial artery occlusion . Conclusion : Patent hemostasis is highly effective in reducing radial artery occlusion after radial access and guided compression should be performed to maintain radial artery patency at the time of hemostasis , to prevent future radial artery occlusion . © 2008 Wiley‐Liss , Background : Transradial access is the approach of choice in many laboratories for diagnostic coronariography or percutaneous coronary interventions ( PCI ) because of its lower vascular complication rate than the femoral approach . However , this approach has a higher rate ( 5–10 % ) of asymptomatic radial artery ( RA ) occlusion . Methods : We conducted a prospect i ve , controlled , single‐centre trial study . We investigated whether the pneumatic compression ( using “ TR B and of Terumo ® ” ) of the radial artery guided by the mean artery pressure ( MAP ) after the procedure ( group A ) is efficient in reducing radial occlusion in patients under a coronary angiography by transradial access for diagnostic coronariography or PCI compared to  use of st and ard procedure  ( group B , 15 cm3 of air in the device ) . Results : The study was suspended after analyzing the results of 50 % of the scheduled patients . An analysis of the results of 351 consecutive r and om patients in Group A showed significantly ( P = 0.0001 ) lower rate ( 1.1 % ) of occlusion than Group B ( 12.0 % ) without significant differences in the rate of other complications . Other variables associated with RA occlusion in univariate analysis were previous or active smoker ( P < 0.04 ) , absence of anti‐aggregant treatment ( P < 0.04 ) , and the presence of RA flow postprocedure ( PFP , P < 0.001 ) . Independent predictors with logistic regression analysis were PFP ( HR = 0.06 , 95 % CI 0.01–0.2 ) , presence of hematoma ( HR = 3.7 , 95 % CI 1.2–11.0 ) , and st and ard pneumatic compression in group B patients ( HR = 18.8 , 95 % CI 3.8–92.2 ) . Conclusions : Use of pneumatic compression guided by MAP is safe and efficient , and it can significantly lower the incidence of radial artery occlusion . © 2009 Wiley‐Liss , Background —Compared with transfemoral access , transradial access ( TRA ) for percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with reduced risk of bleeding and vascular complications . Studies suggest that TRA may reduce mortality in patients with ST-segment – elevation myocardial infa rct ion . However , there are few data on the effect of TRA on mortality , specifically , in patients with non – ST-segment – elevation myocardial infa rct ion . Methods and Results —We analyzed 10 095 consecutive patients with non – ST-segment – elevation myocardial infa rct ion treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between 2005 and 2011 in all 8 tertiary cardiac centers in London , United Kingdom . TRA was a predictor for reduced bleeding ( odds ratio=0.21 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.08–0.57 ; P=0.002 ) , access-site complications ( odds ratio=0.47 ; 95 % CI : 0.23–0.95 ; P=0.034 ) , and 1-year mortality ( hazard ratio [HR]=0.72 ; 95 % CI : 0.54–0.94 ; P=0.017 ) . Between 2005 and 2007 , TRA did not appear to reduce mortality at 1 year ( HR=0.81 ; 95 % CI : 0.51–1.28 ; P=0.376 ) , whereas between 2008 and 2011 , TRA conferred survival benefit at 1 year ( HR=0.65 ; 95 % CI : 0.46–0.92 ; P=0.015 ) . The mortality benefit with TRA at 1 year was not seen at the low-volume centers ( HR=0.80 ; 95 % CI : 0.47–1.38 ; P=0.428 ) but specifically seen in the high volume radial centers ( HR=0.70 ; 95 % CI : 0.51–0.97 ; P=0.031 ) . In propensity-matched analyses , TRA remained a predictor for survival at 1 year ( HR=0.60 ; 95 % CI : 0.42–0.85 ; P=0.005 ) . Instrumental variable analysis demonstrated that TRA conferred mortality benefit at 1-year with an absolute mortality reduction of 5.8 % ( P=0.039 ) . Conclusions —In this analysis of patients with non – ST-segment – elevation myocardial infa rct ion , TRA appears to be a predictor for survival . Furthermore , the evolving learning curve , experience , and expertise may be important factors contributing to the prognostic benefit conferred with TRA Background : The transradial route for coronary intervention has proven to be safe , effective , and widely applicable in different clinical situations . Several compressive hemostatic devices have been introduced that have shown to be safe and are effective in achieving hemostasis . Methods : Seven hundred ninety patients were r and omly assigned to receive either TR b and or Radistop hemostatic compression devices after transradial coronary procedure .  The outcome measures were patient tolerance of the device , local vascular complications , and the time taken to achieve hemostasis . Results : The mean age was 62.88 years , and 74.2 % of the patients were men . Patient age , height , weight , wrist circumference , body mass index , male sex , hypertension , diabetes , hypercholesterolemia , and smoking incidences were similar in both groups . There were significantly more patients reporting no discomfort in the TR b and group compared to the Radistop group ( 77 % vs. 61 % ; P = 0.0001 ) . Patients in the Radistop group reported significantly more pain across all categories of severity and three patients in the Radistop group were crossed over to TR b and because of severe discomfort . Oozing and ecchymosis were seen in about 16 % of the patients . Local small hematoma and large hematoma were seen in 5.4 % and 2.2 % patients respectively , and similar in both groups . Radial artery occlusion at the time of discharge was seen in 9.2 % of the patients though only 6.8 % showed persistent occlusion at the time of follow‐up . The time taken to achieve hemostasis was significantly longer in the TR B and group ( 5.32 ± 2.29 vs. 4.83 ± 2.23 hr ; P = 0.004 ) . There was significantly higher incidence of radial artery occlusion in patients with smaller wrist circumference , the patients who experienced radial artery spasm during the procedure , and patients with no heparin administration during the procedure . Conclusions : We have shown in a r and omized comparison of Radistop and TR b and that both devices are safe and effective as hemostatic compression devices following transradial procedures . However , more patients felt discomfort with the Radistop device and the time taken to achieve hemostasis was longer with TR b and . © 2010 Wiley‐Liss , A novel hemostatic device , Adapty ( Medikit , Tokyo , Japan ) , was developed to achieve effective and comfortable hemostasis following transradial procedures . The device consists of a pad fixed to a transparent plastic plate and a self-adhesive strap . The catheter sheath is removed from the radial artery after the pad has been positioned precisely over the puncture site , with the strap attached to the plate . Compression pressure then is adjusted with the self-adhesive strap , as is required with occlusive clamps . Patients do not need to maintain hyperextension of the wrist after the procedure . The wrist can be mobilized immediately after application . The efficacy of Adapty was evaluated in prospect i ve observations of 200 patients . The device was successfully applied in all patients immediately after sheath removal . No patient required interruption of compression because of pain , congestion or ischemia . Complete hemostasis was obtained in 199 patients ( 99.5 % ) , and the device caused no vascular complications . This study demonstrates that Adapty is highly effective for achieving hemostasis after transradial procedures OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the effectof two different hemostatic devices on radial artery outcomes after transradial catheterization . BACKGROUND Radial artery occlusion is an infrequent but discouraging complication of transradial access . It is related to factors such as sheath-to-artery ratio and its incidence is decreased by the administration of heparin . It usually does not lead to ischemic complications , but precludes future transradial access . PATIENTS AND METHODS 500 consecutive patients undergoing transradial catheterization were prospect ively enrolled in the study . 250 consecutive patients received hemostasis by application of the HemoB and ( Group I ) , and the next 250 patients received hemostasis using the 
    Output:
    
Conclusion There is limited evidence to support the use of any single hemostatic method to prevent RAO rates after percutaneous coronary procedures .
Although used extensively , there is evidence of no effect of the pneumatic compression method using the TR b and on the incidence of RAO at discharge or follow-up , the time taken to obtain hemostasis and the incidence of hematoma .
The MAP-guided compression method and the Biopolymer dressing ( Chitosen ) were superior to the TR b and compression method , and patent hemostasis was superior to hemob and in the prevention of RAO .