***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose We prospect ively evaluated the diagnostic performance of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted 18F‐DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography in the preoperative staging of men at high risk for harboring metastatic prostate cancer despite a negative conventional staging evaluation . Material s and Methods Men with clinical ly localized high or very high risk prostate cancer were imaged with 18F‐DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography before undergoing radical prostatectomy with st and ardized pelvic lymph node dissection . The scans were interpreted by 2 blinded nuclear medicine readers and assessed for interreader variability as well as diagnostic accuracy for pelvic lymph node staging . Surgical pathology served as the reference st and ard to which 18F‐DCFPyL scan findings were compared . Results A total of 25 men contributed analyzable data to this study . Seven of these patients ( 28 % ) were found to have 1 or more positive lymph nodes on surgical pathology . Sites of radiotracer uptake were identified in the prostate of all imaged patients . The 2 readers identified the same number of prostatic lesions in 22 patients ( 88 % ) , of whom all had at least 1 intraprostatic lesion in common between the 2 reads . Additionally , the readers assigned the same N stage to 46 of 50 individual lymph node packets ( 92 % ) . Following reconciliation of the relatively few discordant imaging reads , 7 patients ( 28 % ) were found to have 1 or more sites of radiotracer uptake in the pelvis consistent with N1 disease , result ing in 71.4 % sensitivity ( 95 % CI 29.0–96.3 ) and 88.9 % specificity ( 95 % CI 65.3–98.6 ) . Analysis at the level of individual nodal packets result ed in 66.7 % sensitivity ( 95 % CI 29.9–92.5 ) and 92.7 % specificity ( 95 % CI 80.1–98.5 ) . Three men ( 12 % ) had evidence of M1a disease . Conclusions 18F‐DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computerized tomography allowed for accurate detection of prostate cancer sites in men believed to have clinical ly localized disease based on conventional imaging . Our results support the need for a larger study to more precisely define the diagnostic accuracy of this novel molecular imaging test PURPOSE The clinical implication s of procedural deviations during orchiectomy for nonseminomatous testis cancer were evaluated . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A retrospective review was done of 78 of 1,708 patients ( 4.6 % ) with nonseminomatous testis cancer who presented to our university following scrotal violation . RESULTS A total of 56 patients ( 71.8 % ) underwent hemi-scrotectomy as part of treatment . A tumor was found in 6 of 56 hemi-scrotectomy specimens ( 10.7 % ) and 3 showed local recurrence . Of the 78 patients 5 ( 6.4 % ) had local recurrence , while 1 of 30 ( 3.3 % ) with scrotal specimens negative for tumor had recurrence in the groin . No patient treated by chemotherapy had local recurrence . CONCLUSIONS Scrotal violation was associated with an increased risk for local recurrence mainly when a residual tumor in the scrotectomy specimen was found . The role of hemi-scrotectomy to avoid of local or systemic relapse is debatable BACKGROUND To report the long-term results of adjuvant treatment with one cycle of modified bleomycin , etoposide , and cisplatin ( BEP ) in patients with clinical stage I ( CS I ) nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors ( NSGCT ) at high risk of relapse . PATIENTS AND METHODS In a single-arm , phase II clinical trial , 40 patients with CS I NSGCT with vascular invasion and /or > 50 % embryonal cell carcinoma in the orchiectomy specimen received one cycle of adjuvant BEP ( 20 mg/m(2 ) bleomycin as a continuous infusion over 24 h , 120 mg/m(2 ) etoposide and 40 mg/m(2 ) cisplatin each on days 1 - 3 ) . Primary end point was the relapse rate . RESULTS Median follow-up was 186 months . One patient ( 2.5 % ) had a pulmonary relapse 13 months after one BEP and died after three additional cycles of BEP chemotherapy . Three patients ( 7.5 % ) presented with a contralateral metachronous testicular tumor , and three ( 7.5 % ) developed a secondary malignancy . Three patients ( 7.5 % ) reported intermittent tinnitus and one had grade 2 peripheral polyneuropathy ( 2.5 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant chemotherapy with one cycle of modified-BEP is a feasible and safe treatment of patients with CS I NSGCT at high risk of relapse . In these patients , it appears to be an alternative to two cycles of BEP and to have a lower relapse rate than retroperitoneal lymph node dissection . If confirmed by other centers , 1 cycle of adjuvant BEP chemotherapy should become a first-line treatment option for this group of patients 
    Output:
    
TSS carries a quantifiable risk of local recurrence after 3 to 5 years despite the majority receiving adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy .
Scrotal violation carries a risk of local recurrence but does not appear to impact subsequent metastasis and survival in the short term