***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Purpose To examine the effects of iv compound sodium lactate ( CSL ) with and without caloric supplementation with dextrose on nausea , vomiting and pain following general anesthesia for laparoscopy . Methods We compared iv fluid loading with and without supplementary dextrose for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) . In a prospect i ve double-blinded controlled trial , 120 ASA I female patients undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopy were r and omized to one of three groups , and received either : ( a ) CSL 1.5 mL·kg−1 per hour fasting duration ; ( b ) CSL , 1.5 mL·kg−1 per hour fasting duration with 0.5 g·kg−1 dextrose added in 50 % formulation ( CSL/dextrose ) ; or ( c ) no iv fluid ( control ) . Results Compared with control the percentage of patients who had no PONV within 24 hr of anesthesia in the CSL and CSL/dextrose groups was 78 % vs 83 % and 71 % , P = 0.81 and P = 0.683 respectively . The numbers needed-to-harm for causing PONV episodes in CSL/dextrose vs CSL or control groups were 5.7 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 5.57–5.91 ] and 8.2 ( 95 % Cl , 8.01–8.37 ) respectively . The number needed-to-treat for prevention of PONV episodes in CSL vs control was 19.2 ( 95 % Cl , 19.08–19.37 ) . A greater proportion of patients in the CSL/dextrose group required narcotic analgesia in the postanesthetic care unit compared to those in the control group ( 16/35 vs 7/37 , P = 0.03 ) . The CSL/dextrose group also demonstrated hyperglycemia ( serum glucose 14.0 ± 3.94 vs 5.0 ± 1.01 vs 5.2 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1 , P < 0.0001 ) in the postanesthetic care unit compared to the CSL and control groups . The CSL/dextrose group also reported increased thirst at 24 hr compared to control ( 20/35 vs 11/37 , P = 0.035 ) . Conclusion These findings suggest that : I ) administration of dextrose is associated with nausea , increased opioid requirement and late thirst after elective gynecological laparoscopy ; 2 ) iv fluids did not decrease PONVRésuméObjectifVérifier les effets d’un lactate de sodium composé iv ( LSC ) , avec et sans apport calorique complémentaire avec du dextrose , sur les nausées , les vomissements et la douleur après une anesthésie générale pour laparoscopie . MéthodeNous avons comparé une charge liquidienne avec et sans dextrose supplémentaire comme prévention des nausées et vomissements postopératoires ( NVPO ) . Une étude prospect i ve , contrôlée et à double insu a été réalisée auprès de 120 femmes d’état physique ASA I devant subir une laparoscopie gynécologique réglée . Les patientes , réparties en trois groupes , ont reçu : ( a ) 1,5 mL·kg−1 de LSC par heure de jeûne ; ( b ) 1,5 mL·kg−1 de LSC par heure de jeûne avec 0,5 g·kg−1 de dextrose ajouté dans une préparation à 50 % ( LSC/dextrose ) ou ( c ) aucun soluté (témoin).RésultatsComparé à celui des témoins , le pourcentage de patientes sans NVPO pendant les 24 h qui ont suivi l’anesthésie dans les groupes LSC et LSC/dextrose a été respectivement de 78 % vs 83 % et 71 % , P = 0,81 et P = 0,683 . Le nombre de patientes lésées , nécessaire pour causer des NVPO dans le groupe LSC/dextrose vs les groupes LSC ou témoin a été respectivement de 5,1 [ intervalle de confiance de 95 % ( IC ) , 5,57 - 5,91 ] et 8,2 ( IC de 95 % , 8,01 - 8,37 ) . Le nombre nécessaire à traiter pour prévenir les NVPO dans le groupe LSC vs le groupe témoin a été de 19,2 ( IC de 95 % , 19,08 - 19,37 ) . Plus de patientes du groupe LSC/dextrose ont eu besoin d’analgésique narcotique en salle de réveil , comparées aux patientes témoins ( 16/35 vs 7/37 , P = 0,03 ) . À la salle de réveil , on a aussi trouvé de l’hyperglycémie dans le groupe LSC/dextrose ( glucose sérique de 14,0 ± 3,94 vs 5,0 ± 1,01 vs 5,2 ± 0,9 mmol·L−1 , P < 0,0001 ) , comparé aux groupes LSC et témoin . À 24 h , le groupe LSC/dextrose , comparé aux témoins , a aussi présenté une augmentation de la soif , ( 20/35 vs 11/37 , P = 0,035 ) . Conclusion Ces résultats suggèrent que : I ) l’administration de dextrose est associée aux nausées , à des besoins accrus d’opioïde et une soif tardive à la suite d’une laparoscopie gynécologique ; 2 ) les liquides iv ne diminuent pas les NVPO BACKGROUND : Postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) may occur despite antiemetic prophylaxis and is associated with unanticipated hospital admission , financial impact , and patient dissatisfaction . Previous studies have shown variable impact of IV dextrose on PONV . We sought to determine the relationship of IV dextrose administered during emergence from anesthesia to PONV . METHODS : This was a prospect i ve , double-blind r and omized placebo-controlled trial . Adult female ASA physical status I and II nondiabetic patients scheduled for outpatient gynecologic , urologic , or breast surgery were r and omly assigned to infusion of 250 mL lactated Ringer ’s solution ( group P ; n = 75 ) or dextrose 5 % in lactated Ringer ’s solution ( group D ; n = 87 ) over 2 hours beginning with surgical closing . Blood glucose was determined using a point-of-care device before transfer to the operating room , in the operating room immediately before study fluid infusion , and in the recovery room after study fluid infusion . No antiemetics were given before arrival in the recovery room . PONV scores were recorded at 0 , 30 , 60 , and 120 minutes and 24 hours after arrival in the recovery room . Medication administration was recorded . RESULTS : Data from 162 patients with normal baseline blood glucose were analyzed . There were no significant intergroup differences in demographics , history of PONV , or tobacco use . There was no significant intergroup difference in PONV during the first 2 hours after anesthesia ( group D 52.9 % vs group P 46.7 % ; difference , 6.2 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , −9.2 % to 21.6 % ; P = 0.43 ) . Patients in groups D or P who developed PONV within 2 hours of anesthesia had similar number of severity scores ≥1 during recovery stay ( 1.5 vs 1.0 ; difference , 0 ; 95 % CI , 0%–0 % ; P = 0.93 ) ; and similar proportions of : PONV onset within 30 minutes of recovery room arrival ( 65.2 % vs 57.1 % ; difference , 8.1 % ; 95 % CI , −13.1 % to 28.8 % ; P = 0.46 ) ; more than 1 dose of antiemetic medication ( 56.5 % vs 62.9 % ; difference , 6.3 % ; 95 % CI , −26.9 % to 15.1 % ; P= 0.65 ) ; or more than 1 class of antiemetic medication ( 50.0 % vs 54.3 % ; difference , 4.3 % ; 95 % CI , −25.5 % to 17.4 % ; P = 0.82 ) . CONCLUSIONS : The administration of dextrose during emergence from anesthesia was not associated with a difference in the incidence of PONV exceeding 20 % or in the severity of PONV in the first 2 hours after anesthesia . The relationship between PONV and the optimal dose and timing of IV dextrose administration remains unclear and may warrant further study BACKGROUND : Postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) remains the most common postoperative complication , and causes decreased patient satisfaction , prolonged postoperative hospital stays , and unanticipated admission . There are limited data that indicate that dextrose may reduce nausea and vomiting . In this trial , we attempted to determine whether the rate of PONV can be decreased by postoperative administration of IV dextrose bolus . METHODS : To test the effect of postoperative dextrose administration on PONV rates , we conducted a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial . We enrolled 62 nondiabetic , ASA class I or II nonsmoking out patients scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures . Patients were r and omized into 2 groups : the treatment group received dextrose 5 % in Ringer lactate solution , and the control ( placebo ) group received Ringer lactate solution given immediately after surgery . All patients underwent a st and ardized general anesthesia and received 1 dose of antiemetic a half hour before emergence from anesthesia . PONV scores , antiemetic rescue medications , narcotic consumption , and discharge time were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) in half-hour intervals . RESULTS : The 2 groups were similar with regard to age , weight , anxiety scores , prior PONV , non per os status , presurgical glucose , anesthetic duration , intraoperative narcotic use , and total weight-based fluid volume received . Postoperative nausea scores were not significantly different in the dextrose group compared with the control group ( P > 0.05 ) after Bonferroni correction for repeated measurements over time . However , patients who received dextrose 5 % in Ringer lactate solution consumed less rescue antiemetic medications ( ratio mean difference , 0.56 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.39–0.82 ; P = 0.02 ) , and had a shorter length of stay in the PACU ( ratio mean difference , 0.80 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.66–0.97 ; P = 0.03 ) compared with patients in the control group . CONCLUSION : In this trial , postanesthesia IV dextrose administration result ed in improved PONV management as defined by reductions in antiemetic rescue medication requirements and PACU length of stay that are worthy of further study . In light of its ease , low risk , and benefit to patient care and satisfaction , this therapeutic modality could be considered Background and Aims : Post-operative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is a common and distressing complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous ( IV ) dextrose administration for the prophylaxis of PONV after LC . Methods : In a double-blind , r and omised controlled trial , a total of 150 female patients who were scheduled for elective LC were r and omly assigned into two groups ( A and B ) . Thirty minutes before induction of anaesthesia , patients received an infusion of 500 cc lactated Ringer 's solution ( Group A ) and 5 % dextrose in lactated Ringer 's solution ( Group B ) and over a period of 30 min . All patients rated their nausea and vomiting intensity using the verbal rating scale immediately at post-anaesthesia care unit ( PACU ) arrival ; 30 , 60 , 90 and 120 min after arriving at the PACU and 6 , 12 and 24 h after surgery . Results : There was a statistically significant time trend and group effect along with significant differences in time/group interaction effect in both groups for nausea and vomiting scores ( P < 0.05 ) . A low negative correlation coefficient was found ( r = −0.394 , P < 0.001 ) between blood glucose levels and nausea scores upon PACU arrival . Dextrose  administration reduced the odds of vomiting events compared to placebo ( estimate : −0.87 , odds ratio = 0.42 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.28–0.64 ) . Conclusion : Administration of IV dextrose before anaesthesia induction may be recommended as an effective , and safe method for the prophylaxis of PONV after LC The potential for preoperative IV rehydration to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) and pain in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery remains unclear , with conflicting results reported . We sought to determine whether preoperative IV rehydration with a balanced salt solution would decrease the incidence of PONV in patients at increased risk for these symptoms . Eighty ASA grade I – III patients presenting for gyne 
    Output:
    
Compared with placebos , perioperative intravenous dextrose administration may decrease postoperative nausea but not vomiting .