***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objectives This r and omized split-mouth clinical trial was design ed to evaluate the efficacy of scaling and root planing associated to the high-intensity diode laser on periodontal therapy by means of clinical parameters and microbial reduction . Material s and methods A total of 36 chronic periodontitis subjects , of both genders , were selected . One pair of contralateral single-rooted teeth with pocket depth > 5 mm was chosen from each subject . All patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment  , after which the experimental teeth were design ated to either test or control groups . Both teeth received scaling , root planing and coronal polishing ( SRP ) and teeth assigned to the test group ( SRP + DL ) were irradiated with the 808 ± 5 nm diode laser , for 20 s , in two isolated appointments , 1 week apart . The laser was used in the continuous mode , with 1.5 W and power density of 1,193.7 W/cm2 . Clinical and microbiological data were collected at baseline , 6 weeks and 6 months after therapy . Results There was a significant improvement of all the clinical parameters— clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , probing depth ( PD ) , plaque index ( PI ) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP)—for both groups ( P < 0.001 ) , with no statistical difference between them at the 6 weeks and the 6 months examinations . As for microbiological analysis , a significant reduction after 6 weeks ( P > 0.05 ) was observed as far as colony forming units ( CFU ) is concerned , for both groups . As for black-pigmented bacteria , a significant reduction was observed in both groups after 6 months . However , the difference between test and control groups was not significant . There was no association between group and presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at any time of the study . Conclusions After 6 months of evaluation , the high-intensity diode laser has not shown any additional benefits to the conventional periodontal treatment . Clinical relevance The high intensity diode laser did not provide additional benefits to non-surgical periodontal treatment . More studies are necessary to prove the actual need of this type of laser in the periodontal clinical practice BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the clinical efficacy of semiconductor laser periodontal pocket irradiation as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-two healthy patients with a need of periodontal treatment ( 15 women , 7 men , mean age 45.0 + /- 10.8 years ) with at least four teeth in all quadrants , were included . All of them underwent a conventional periodontal treatment including scaling and root planing . Using a split mouth design , two r and omly chosen quadrants ( one upper and the corresponding lower one ) were subsequently treated with an 809 nm GaAlAs laser operated at a power output of 1.0 Watt using a 0.6 mm optical fiber . The teeth in the control quadrants were rinsed with saline . The clinical outcome was evaluated by means of plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , sulcus fluid flow rate ( SFFR ) , Periotest ( PT ) , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , and clinical attachment loss ( CAL ) at baseline and at 3 months after treatment . A total of 492 teeth in both groups were evaluated and differences between the laser and the control teeth were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS Teeth treated with the laser revealed a significantly higher reduction in tooth mobility , pocket depth , and clinical attachment loss . Twelve percent of the teeth in the laser group showed an attachment gain of 3 mm or more , compared to 7 % in the control group . An attachment gain of 2 - 3 mm was found in 24 % of the teeth in the laser group and 18 % in the control group . No significant group differences , however , could be detected for the plaque index , gingival index , bleeding on probing , and the sulcus fluid flow rate . CONCLUSIONS The higher reduction in tooth mobility and probing depths is probably not predominantly related to bacterial reduction in the periodontal pockets but to the de-epithelization of the periodontal pockets leading to an enhanced connective tissue attachment . The application of the diode laser in the treatment of inflammatory periodontitis at the irradiation parameters described above is a safe clinical procedure and can be recommended as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing The aim of this r and omized , parallel , controlled clinical trial was to examine the clinical and biochemical efficacy of diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing ( SRP ) . Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were r and omly assigned into two groups to receive SRP alone ( control ) or SRP followed by diode laser ( test ) . Plaque index , gingival index , bleeding on probing , probing depth , and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months after treatment . The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1β ( IL-1β ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( MMP-1 ) , matrix metalloproteinase-8 ( MMP-8 ) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( TIMP-1 ) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Test group showed significantly a better outcome compared to the control group in full-mouth clinical parameters . MMP-1 , MMP-8 , and TIMP-1 showed significant differences between groups after treatment compared to baseline ( p < 0.05 ) . The total amount of IL-1β , IL-6 , MMP-1 , MMP-8 , and TIMP-1 decreased ( p < 0.05 ) and IL-8 increased after treatment in both test and control groups ( p < 0.05 ) . Diode laser provided significant improvements in clinical parameters and MMP-8 was significantly impacted by the adjunctive laser treatment at first month providing an insight to how lasers can enhance the outcomes of the nonsurgical periodontal therapy BACKGROUND The aim of this r and omized clinical study is to evaluate the effect of a 980-nm diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing ( SRP ) treatment . METHODS Thirty-five patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for the split-mouth clinical study . SRP was performed using a sonic device and h and instruments . Quadrants were equally divided between the right and left sides . Teeth were treated with SRP in two control quadrants ( control groups [ CG ] ) , and the diode laser was used adjunctively with SRP in contralateral quadrants ( laser groups [ LG ] ) . Diode laser therapy was applied to periodontal pockets on days 1 , 3 , and 7 after SRP . Baseline data , including approximal plaque index ( API ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , were recorded before the treatment and 6 and 18 weeks after treatment . Changes in PD and CAL were analyzed separately for initially moderate ( 4 to 6 mm ) and deep ( 7 to 10 mm ) pockets . RESULTS The results were similar for both groups in terms of API , BOP , PD in deep pockets , and CAL . The laser group showed only significant PD gain in moderate pockets during the baseline to 18-week ( P < 0.05 ) and 6- to 18- week ( P < 0.05 ) periods , whereas no difference was found between LG and CG in the remaining clinical parameters ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The present study indicates that , compared to SRP alone , multiple adjunctive applications of a 980-nm diode laser with SRP showed PD improvements only in moderate periodontal pockets ( 4 to 6 mm ) BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the long-term effect of diode laser therapy on periodontal pockets with regard to its bactericidal abilities and the improvement of periodontal condition . STUDY DESIGN / MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty patients were r and omly subdivided into two groups ( laser-group  and  control-group ) and microbiologic sample s were collected . There have been six appointments for 6 months following an exact treatment scheme . After evaluating periodontal indices ( bleeding on probing , Quigley-Hein ) including pocket depths and instruction of patients in oral hygiene and scaling therapy of all patients , the deepest pockets of each quadrant of the laser-group 's patients were microbiologically examined . Afterwards , all teeth were treated with the diode laser . The control-group received the same treatment but instead of laser therapy were rinsed with H2O2 . Each appointment also included a hygienic check-up . After 6 months the final values of the periodontal indices and further microbiologic sample s were measured . The total bacterial count as well as specific bacteria , such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Prevotella intermedia , and Porphyromonas gingivalis , were assessed semiquantitatively . RESULTS The bacterial reduction with diode laser therapy was significantly better than in the control group . The index of bleeding on probing improved in 96.9 % in the laser-group , whereas only 66.7 % in the control group . Pocket depths could be more reduced in the laser group than in the control group . CONCLUSION The diode laser reveals a bactericidal effect and helps to reduce inflammation in the periodontal pockets in addition to scaling . The diode laser therapy , in combination with scaling , supports healing of the periodontal pockets through eliminating bacteria The primary goal of periodontal therapy is the removal of supra and subgingival bacterial deposits by mechanical debridement consisting in scaling and root-planing ( SRP ) using manual or power-driven instruments . The complete removal of bacteria and their toxins from periodontal pockets is not always achieved with conventional mechanical treatment . The use of lasers as an adjunctive therapy for periodontal disease may improve tissue healing by bactericidal and detoxification effects . The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Diode laser used as adjunctive therapy of SRP to that of SRP alone for non surgical periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis . Nineteen pairs of teeth with untreated chronic periodontitis were selected in 13 patients and r and omly treated by SRP alone ( control group ) or by SRP + laser irradiation ( test group ) . Clinical measurements ( PPD , CAL , BOP , GI , PI ) were performed before treatment at baseline ( T0 ) and at T1 ( after 4 weeks ) , T2 ( 8 weeks ) , T3 ( 12 weeks ) , T4 ( 6 months ) . Subgingival plaque sample s were taken at baseline and after treatment and examined for 8 periopathogens bacteria using PCR technique . The present study showed that the additional treatment with diode laser may lead to a slightly improvement of clinical parameters , whereas no significant differences between test and control group in reduction of periodontopathogens were found OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of InGaAsP diode laser as adjunct to traditional scaling and root planing . BACKGROUND DATA The use of laser is one of the most recent methods in nonsurgical periodontal treatment . Efficacy and side effects of each type of laser treatment have yet to be determined . METHODS Thirty patients suffering from moderate periodontal disease have been considered . They were r and omly selected to undergo either scaling and root planing with curets , or scaling and root planing combined with InGaAsP laser ( 980 nm and 2 W ) . The papilla bleeding index ( PBI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) were registered at the beginning and end of treatment . RESULTS At the end of treatment , PBI average in the group treated with laser was 0.24 versus 0.43 in the group under conventional treatment ( p = 0.014 ) . In the group undergoing scaling and root planing , BOP decrease is 19.55 % less ( p < 0.0001 ) than in the group also treated with laser . Nevertheless , CAL differences can not be considered significant between both groups ( p = 0.67 ) . CONCLUSIONS Scaling and root planing in combination with laser produce moderate clinical improvement over traditional treatment AIM This split-mouth , r and omized , clinical trial aim ed to evaluate the efficacy of erbium-doped : yttrium-aluminium-garnet ( Er : YAG ) laser application in non-surgical periodontal treatment . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 27 patients underwent four modalities of non-surgical therapy : supragingival debridement ; scaling and root planing (SRP)+Er : YAG laser ; Er : YAG laser ; and SRP .  Each strategy was r and omly assigned and performed in one of the four quadrants . Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3 and 6 months . Subjective benefits of patients have been evaluated by means of question naires . RESULTS Six months after therapy , Er : YAG laser showed no statistical difference in clinical attachment gain with respect to supragingival scaling [ 0.15 mm ( 95 % CI -0.16 ; 0.46 ) ] , while SRP showed a greater attachment gain than the supragingival scaling [ 0.37 mm ( 95 % CI 0.05 ; 0.68 ) ] . No difference result ed between Er : YAG laser+SRP and SRP alone [ 0.05 mm ( 95 % CI -0.25 ; 0.36 ) ] . CONCLUSIONS The adjunctive use of 
    Output:
    
In patients with moderate to severe periodontitis , the nonsurgical treatment of AgP and CP by SRP plus infrared diode laser , and the surgical treatment of CP by Er : YAG laser therapy alone may promote statistically significant improvements in PD and CAL .
However , these gains are relatively small ( < 1 mm ) and provide modest clinical relevance compared with SRP alone