***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVE To conduct a pilot study of the effect of intercessory prayer on patients entering treatment for alcohol abuse or dependence . DESIGN In addition to st and ard treatment , 40 patients admitted to a public substance abuse treatment facility for treatment of alcohol problems who consented to participate were r and omized to receive or not receive intercessory prayer ( double-blind ) by outside volunteers . Assessment s were conducted at baseline , 3 months , and 6 months . RESULTS No differences were found between prayer intervention and nonintervention groups on alcohol consumption . Compared with a normative group of patients treated at the same facility participants in the prayer study experienced a delay in drinking reduction . Those who reported at baseline that a family member or friend was already praying for them were found to be drinking significantly more at 6 months than were those who reported being unaware of anyone praying for them . Greater frequency of prayer  by the participants themselves was associated with less drinking , but only at months 2 and 3 . CONCLUSION Intercessory prayer did not demonstrate clinical benefit in the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence under these study conditions . Prayer may be a complex phenomenon with many interacting variables National evaluations of  drug treatment  outcomes and processes over the past 30 years have been an important source of ‘ ‘ real-world ’ ’ evidence for the effectiveness of treatment in the U.S. While they are more limited than experimental protocol s in their capacity to establish scientific causality , they excel in documenting naturally occurring patterns of treatment delivery and patient recovery . The Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies ( DATOS ) is the third national evaluation of community-based treatment effectiveness funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse ( Flynn , Craddock , Hubbard , And erson , & Etheridge , 1997 ) following the Drug Abuse Reporting Program from the 1970s ( see Simpson & Sells , 1982 , 1990 ) and the Treatment Outcomes Prospect i ve Study from the 1980s ( see Hubbard , Marsden , Rachal , Harwood , Cavanaugh , & Ginzburg , 1989 ) . The National Treatment Outcome Research Study ( NTORS ) has followed the same general model to provide the first large-scale evaluation of its kind in the United Kingdom ( Gossop , Marsden , Stewart , & Kidd , 2003 ) . Sets of papers focused on 1-year outcomes and treatment process from DATOS and NTORS have been published in special issues of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ( Simpson & Curry , 1997 ) and Drug and Alcohol Dependence ( Simpson & Brown , 1999 ) , and evaluations of treatment for adolescents in DATOS were reported in a special issue of the Journal of Adolescent Research ( Grella & Hser , 2001 ) . Overviews of 1-year and 5-year treatment outcomes for adult cocaine users were also reported in Archives of General Psychiatry ( Simpson , Joe , Fletcher , Hubbard , & Anglin , 1999 ; Simpson , Joe , & Broome , 2002 ) , along with 1-year treatment outcomes for adolescents ( Hser et al. , 2001 ) . Bullet reports and charts that summarize findings of 75 publications from DATOS are available on its website at www.datos.org . Outcome evaluations reported in this issue and previously were conducted by the four collaborating research Objective : The primary aim of this prospect i ve study was to examine the role of several aspects of spirituality in maintaining abstinence from alcohol for one year in persons treated for alcohol dependence . The roles of alcohol abstinence self-efficacy and Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation were also examined . Method : Seventy-four adults with alcohol dependence who had completed a three-week outpatient addiction program participated in this study . Instruments used included the  Spiritual Well-Being Scale , Duke Religion Index , Brief Religious Coping Scale , Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale  , and  Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale . Abstinence data was collected from participants and collaterals three , six , and twelve months after treatment discharge . Demographics , discharge measures , and the change in scores from admission to discharge were compared between those with and without 12-month alcohol abstinence using logistic regression or Fisher 's exact tests . Results : Twenty-eight participants were categorized as continuously abstinent for one year . The strongest associations between 12 month abstinence and the variables of interest were discharge scores of abstinence self-efficacy and existential well-being , and increases during treatment in scores of private spiritual practice s. Increased age demonstrated a significant association with positive outcome . Conclusion : The associations of  private spiritual practice s , existential well-being , and abstinence self-efficacy with one year of continuous abstinence following treatment discharge suggest the importance of addressing issues related to these variables during alcoholism treatment . More research is needed to underst and the role of these variables in promoting and maintaining abstinence and to determine whether or not a related intervention would improve abstinence rates Abstract The purpose of the present study was to obtain preliminary data on the effectiveness of a faith-based treatment adjunct for cocaine-using homeless mothers in residential treatment . The Bridges intervention utilizes various Black church communities to provide culturally-relevant group activities and individual mentoring from volunteers . Eighteen women who were recent treatment admissions were r and omly assigned to receive St and ard Treatment plus Bridges or St and ard Treatment with an Attention Control . Participants were assessed at intake and three and six months after intake . Bridges treatment result ed in significantly better treatment retention ( 75 % vs. 20 % at six months ) than st and ard residential treatment alone . In addition , Bridges produced superior outcomes at the six month followup assessment on a secondary measure of cocaine abstinence . Creating a community of social support through Black churches appears feasible and promising , and may be a cost-effective means of providing longer-term post-treatment support for cocaine-addicted women 
    Output:
    
The most common treatment outcome was abstinence followed by treatment retention , alcohol or drug use severity , and discharge status .
For most studies , we found evidence suggesting at least some support for a beneficial relationship between spirituality or religion and recovery from substance use disorders .