***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Patients with schizophrenia have lower longevity than the general population as a consequence of a combination of risk factors connected to the disease , lifestyle and the use of medications , which are related to weight gain . Methods A multicentric , r and omized , controlled-trial was conducted to test the efficacy of a 12-week group Lifestyle Wellness Program ( LWP ) . The program consists of a one-hour weekly session to discuss topics like dietary choices , lifestyle , physical activity and self-esteem with patients and their relatives . Patients were r and omized into two groups : st and ard care ( SC ) and st and ard care plus intervention ( LWP ) . Primary outcome was defined as the weight and body mass index ( BMI ) . Results 160 patients participated in the study ( 81 in the intervention group and 79 in the SC group ) . On an intent to treat analysis , after three months the patients in the intervention group presented a decrease of 0.48 kg ( CI 95 % -0.65 to 1.13 ) while the st and ard care group showed an increase of 0.48 kg ( CI 95 % 0.13 to 0.83 ; p=0.055 ) . At six-month follow-up , there was a significant weight decrease of −1.15 kg , ( CI 95 % -2.11 to 0.19 ) in the intervention group compared to a weight increase in the st and ard care group ( + 0.5 kg , CI 95 % -0.42–1.42 , p=0.017 ) . Conclusion In conclusion , this was a multicentric r and omized clinical trial with a lifestyle intervention for individuals with schizophrenia , where the intervention group maintained weight and presented a tendency to decrease weight after 6 months . It is reasonable to suppose that lifestyle interventions may be important long-term strategies to avoid the tendency of these individuals to increase weight . Clinical trials.gov The study objective was to evaluate the feasibility of a telephone delivered intervention consisting of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural strategies aim ed at improving diet and physical activity in people diagnosed with psychotic disorders . Twenty participants diagnosed with a non-acute psychotic disorder were recruited . The intervention consisted of eight telephone delivered sessions targeting fruit and vegetable ( F&V ) consumption and leisure screen time , as well as smoking and alcohol use ( as appropriate ) . F&V frequency and variety , and overall diet quality ( measured by the Australian Recommended Food Score , ARFS ) , leisure screen time , overall sitting and walking time , smoking , alcohol consumption , mood , quality of life , and global functioning were examined before and 4-weeks post-treatment . Nineteen participants ( 95 % ) completed all intervention sessions , and 17 ( 85 % ) completed follow-up assessment s. Significant increases from baseline to post-treatment were seen in ARFS fruit , vegetable and overall diet quality scores , quality of life and global functioning . Significant reductions in leisure screen time and overall sitting time were also seen . Results indicated that a telephone delivered intervention targeting key cardiovascular disease risk behaviours appears to be feasible and relatively effective in the short-term for people diagnosed with psychosis . A r and omized controlled trial is warranted to replicate and extend these findings The objective of this multicenter r and omised clinical trial was to examine the effect of  exercise versus occupational therapy on mental and physical health in schizophrenia patients BACKGROUND The aim of this r and omized clinical trial follow-up at three months was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention with a focus on diet and physical activity ( PA ) to change the amount of PA , body mass index ( BMI ) and the waist circumference ( WC ) in patients with severe mental illness . METHODS We recruited 332 out patients with severe mental disorders undergoing treatment with antipsychotic medication from Mental Healthcare Centers of Barcelona . They were r and omly assigned to an intervention or a control group . The patients in the intervention group participated in a group PA and diet educational program . The blinded measurements at 0 and 3 months were : the level of PA ( IPAQ question naire ) , BMI , WC , blood pressure , dietary habits ( PREDIMED question naire ) , quality of life ( SF-36 question naire ) and laboratory parameters ( cholesterol , triglycerides , glucose ) . RESULTS The average age was 46.7 years and 55 % were males . Schizophrenia had been diagnosed in 67.1 % of them . At 3 months , the average weekly walking METs rose significantly in the IG 266.05 METs ( 95%CI : 16.86 to 515.25 ; P=0.036 ) . The total MET average also rose although not significantly : 191.38 METs ( 95%CI : 1.38 to 381.38 ; P=0.086 ) . However , the BMI decreased significantly more in the CG , by 0.26kg/m(2 ) ( 95%CI : 0.02 to 0.51 ; P=0.038 ) , than in the IG . There were no significant differences in the WC . CONCLUSIONS The short-term results suggest that the intervention increases the level of PA , but does not improve physical or laboratory parameters . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov NCT01729650 ( effectiveness of a physical activity and diet program in patients with psychotic disorder [ CAPiCOR ] ) BACKGROUND People with psychosis often experience weight gain , which places them at risk of cardiovascular disease , diabetes , and early death . OBJECTIVE To determine the uptake , adherence , and clinical effectiveness of a healthy living intervention design ed to reduce weight gain . METHOD An exploratory r and omized controlled trial , comparing the intervention with treatment as usual ( TAU ) in 2 early intervention services for psychosis in Engl and . DSM-IV classification was the diagnostic criteria used to assign the psychiatric diagnoses . The primary outcome was change in body mass index ( BMI ) from baseline to 12-month follow-up . The study was conducted between February 2009 and October 2012 . RESULTS 105 service users , with a BMI of ≥ 25 ( ≥ 24 in South Asians ) , were r and omized to intervention  ( n = 54 ) or  TAU  ( n = 51 ) after stratification by recent commencement of antipsychotic medication . Ninety-three service users ( 89 % ) were followed up at 12 months . Between-group difference in change in BMI was not significant ( effect size = 0.11 ) . The effect of the intervention was larger ( effect size = 0.54 , not significant ) in 15 intervention ( 28 % ) and 10 TAU ( 20 % ) participants who were taking olanzapine or clozapine at r and omization . CONCLUSIONS The healthy living intervention did not show a significant difference in BMI reduction compared to the TAU group . TRIAL REGISTRATION www.is rct n.org identifier : IS RCT N22581937 Ninety seven out patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders ( SSDs ) were r and omly assigned to the Walk , Address Sensations , Learn About Exercise , Cue Exercise Behavior for SSDs ( WALC-S ) , a motivational intervention design ed to increase exercise in SSDs ( n = 48 ) , or a time and attention control group ( TAC , n = 49 ) . WALC-S and TAC groups met weekly for 4 weeks before a 16 week walking program was offered to all subjects . We compared the exercise attendance , persistence and compliance of the groups during the walking program . WALC-S recipients attended more walking groups , for more weeks and walked more minutes than those receiving TAC . Percent of WALC-S or TAC groups attended was significantly correlated with overall attendance ( r = 0.38 , P = 0.001 ) and persistence ( r = −.29 , P = 0.01 ) , as well as number of minutes walked . This study is among the first to examine interventions design ed to enhance exercise motivation in SSDs AIM Initiating antipsychotic medication frequently induces rapid , clinical ly significant weight gain . We aim ed to evaluate the effectiveness of a lifestyle and life skills intervention , delivered within 4 weeks of antipsychotic medication initiation , in attenuating weight gain in youth aged 14 - 25 years with first-episode psychosis ( FEP ) . METHODS We undertook a prospect i ve , controlled study in two early psychosis community services . Intervention participants ( n = 16 ) received a 12-week individualized intervention delivered by specialist clinical staff ( nurse , dietician and exercise physiologist ) and youth peer wellness coaches , in addition to st and ard care . A comparison group was recruited from a similar service and received st and ard care  ( n = 12 ) . RESULTS The intervention group experienced significantly less weight gain at 12 weeks compared to st and ard care ( 1.8 kg , 95 % CI -0.4 to 2.8 vs. 7.8 kg , 4.8 - 10.7 , P < 0.001 ) . Thirteen per cent ( 2/16 ) of the intervention group experienced clinical ly significant weight gain ( greater than 7 % of baseline weight ) , while 75 % ( 9/12 ) of the st and ard care group experienced this level of weight gain . Similar positive effects of the intervention were observed for waist circumference . CONCLUSIONS A lifestyle and life skills intervention delivered as part of st and ard care attenuated antipsychotic-induced weight gain in young people with FEP . The intervention was acceptable to the young people referred to the service . Such interventions may prevent the seeding of future disease risk and in the long-term help reduce the life expectancy gap for people living with serious mental illness PURPOSE We tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia and type-2 diabetes mellitus , using a r and omized pre-test , post-test control group design . METHOD Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder over the age of 40 were r and omly assigned to 24-week Diabetes Awareness and Rehabilitation Training ( DART ; n=32 ) groups or Usual Care plus Information ( UCI ; n=32 ) comparison groups .  Participants were recruited from board- and -care facilities and day treatment programs . Fifty-seven patients completed baseline and 6-month assessment s consisting of an interview , measures of body mass index , blood pressure , fasting blood chemistry , and accelerometry . A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to analyze the data . RESULTS A significant group x time interaction was found for body weight , with patients in the DART group losing a mean of 5 lb and those in the UCI gaining a mean 6 lb . Significant group x time interactions were also found for triglycerides , diabetes knowledge , diabetes self-efficacy , and self-reported physical activity , but not for fasting plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin . CONCLUSIONS Group-based lifestyle interventions are feasible and produce positive health changes in middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus 
    Output:
    
Depressive symptoms and older age were associated with less vigorous PA in meta-regression analyses .
Our data confirm that people with schizophrenia engage in significantly less moderate and vigorous PA versus controls .