***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve clinical study was to assess the risk factors associated with failure of  mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 140 mini-implants in 44 patients , including 48 miniplates and 92 freest and ing miniscrews , were examined in the study . A variety of orthodontic loads were applied . The majority of implants were placed in the posterior maxilla ( 104/140 ) , and the next most common location was the posterior m and ible ( 34/140 ) . RESULTS A cumulative survival rate of 89 % ( 125/140 ) was found by Kaplan-Meier analysis . There was no significant difference in the survival rate between miniplates and freest and ing miniscrews , but miniplates were used in more hazardous situations . The Cox proportional-hazards regression model identified anatomic location and peri-implant soft tissue character as 2 independent prognostic indicators . The estimated relative risk of implant failure in the posterior m and ible was 1.101 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.942 to 1.301 ; P = .046 ) . The risk ratio of failure for implants surrounded by nonkeratinized mucosa was 1.117 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.899 to 1.405 ; P = .026 ) . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results confirmed the effectiveness of orthodontic mini-implants , but in certain situations adjustment of the treatment plan or modifications in the technique of implant placement may lead to improved success rates INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate , positional stability , and patient evaluation of  orthodontic mini-implants ( OMIs ) . METHODS Thirteen patients ( 8 girls , 5 boys ; average age , 14 years 10 months ) were treated with 82 OMIs  measuring 1.6 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length placed in the buccal alveoli ( 1 unloaded OMI and 1 loaded OMI per quadrant ) . The right or left side of each arch was r and omly selected for immediate loading with up to 250 g of direct force ; the contralateral side was loaded 3 to 5 weeks later . Serial impressions , clinical observations , and orthodontic maintenance were performed until adequate space closure was achieved . RESULTS The overall OMI success rate was 70.73 % . As calculated with a mixed-model analysis , there was no statistically significant difference between the success rates of immediately loaded OMIs ( 80.0 % ) and delayed loaded OMIs ( 80.95 % ) . The combined success rate for loaded OMIs ( 80.49 % ) was significantly higher than that of unloaded OMIs ( 60.98 % ) . Patients ' motivation for OMI treatment was primarily the desire to avoid headgear . Using a 100-mm visual analog scale , the patients indicated average scores of 54.77 for the amount of pain during OMI placement and 27.10 for the amount of pain during OMI removal . CONCLUSIONS OMIs are a predictable , effective , and well-tolerated anchorage source for adolescents . Neither the timing of force application nor the force itself precipitated failure of the OMIs . Orthodontic forces can be applied immediately to OMIs . Various anatomic and behavioral conditions unique to adolescents and a clinical learning curve can affect the success rate of OMIs AIM The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the accuracy of four available mechanical torque-limiting gauges ( MTLGs ) for  mini-screw placement . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The torque outputs of six r and omly obtained MTLGs , either of the screwdriver or torque ratchet type of four mini-screw manufacturers  were obtained . Mounted on a joint , a universal testing machine applied perpendicular force to a lever arm with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min . For each device , 10 repetitions of the corresponding target torque level were recorded after initial sterilisation ( 1 ) and after 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 times to evaluate its potential influence on MTLGs . The breakpoints ( N cm ) were calculated for comparison of the groups . Descriptive statistics and mean breakpoints values for each MTLG computed and compared with the reference values indicated on the respective torque gauges provided by the producer . RESULTS The mean torque values for the AbsoAnchor MTLG devices were significantly below torque levels , but provide consistent torque values . All but one obtained values for the Spider Screw , MTLG of the screw driver type , were within the indicated moment range during the first 50-times of sterilization process . But after 100-times of steam sterilization all mean breakpoint values were relevantly higher than the indicated torque range values . Each individual MTLG produced independently constant breakpoint torque values , but differed significantly from each other . For all but the Spider Screw MTLG , the sterilisation process had a statistically significant different influence at the various breakpoint torque levels . CONCLUSION After application of the manufacturers ' preset torque levels , significant variations were observed between individual devices . The torque output of each individual device deviated in varying degrees from target torque values and was influenced by various degrees by the sterilisation process over time 
    Output:
    
There is a positive association between MI primary stability and CtTh of the receptor site .