***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Background Applying mobile phones in healthcare is increasingly prioritized to strengthen healthcare systems . Antenatal care has the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and improve newborns ’ survival but this benefit may not be realized in sub-Saharan Africa where the attendance and quality of care is declining . We evaluated the association between a mobile phone intervention and antenatal care in a re source -limited setting . We aim ed to assess antenatal care in a comprehensive way taking into consideration utilisation of antenatal care as well as content and timing of interventions during pregnancy . Methods This study was an open label pragmatic cluster-r and omised controlled trial with primary healthcare facilities in Zanzibar as the unit of r and omisation . 2550 pregnant women ( 1311 interventions and 1239 controls ) who attended antenatal care at selected primary healthcare facilities were included at their first antenatal care visit and followed until 42 days after delivery . 24 primary health care facilities in six districts were r and omized to either mobile phone intervention or st and ard care . The intervention consisted of a mobile phone text-message and voucher component . Primary outcome measure was four or more antenatal care visits during pregnancy . Secondary outcome measures were tetanus vaccination , preventive treatment for malaria , gestational age at last antenatal care visit , and antepartum referral . Results The mobile phone intervention was associated with an increase in antenatal care attendance . In the intervention group 44 % of the women received four or more antenatal care visits versus 31 % in the control group ( OR , 2.39 ; 95 % CI , 1.03 - 5.55 ) . There was a trend towards improved timing and quality of antenatal care services across all secondary outcome measures although not statistically significant . Conclusions The  wired mothers ’ mobile phone intervention significantly increased the proportion of women receiving the recommended four antenatal care visits during pregnancy and there was a trend towards improved quality of care with more women receiving preventive health services , more women attending antenatal care late in pregnancy and more women with antepartum complications identified and referred . Mobile phone applications may contribute towards improved maternal and newborn health and should be considered by policy makers in re source -limited setting s . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov , NCT01821222 We examined the effect of SMS text messages on compliance with iron supplementation among pregnant women . A r and omized controlled trial was conducted on 116 pregnant women referred from public health centres in Ahvaz . Their gestational age was 14 - 16 weeks . The subjects were r and omly assigned to a control group who received usual care , or to a 12-week intervention with SMS reminders in addition to usual care . Participants in both groups were provided with iron supplements and taught how to take iron tablets . Most women in the intervention group ( 94 % ) had high compliance with iron supplements compared to the control group ( 66 % ) ; this difference was significant ( P = 0.003 ) . Although haemoglobin , haematocrit and ferritin decreased significantly in each group , there was no significant difference between them . Using SMS reminders is an efficient way of improving compliance of women with iron supplementation during pregnancy . However , in the present study better compliance did not improve anaemia BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding rates in Malaysia remains low despite the implementation of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ( BFHI ) policy in government hospitals . It has been suggested that any form of postnatal lactation support will lead to an increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates . OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of telephone lactation counselling on breastfeeding practice s. DESIGN Single blinded , r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) . SETTING Maternity wards in a public hospital in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . PARTICIPANTS 357 mothers , each of whom had delivered a full term , healthy infant via spontaneous vaginal delivery . METHODS Mothers were followed up for 6 months . The intervention group ( n=179 ) received lactation counselling via telephone twice monthly by certified lactation counsellors in addition to receiving the current conventional care of postnatal breastfeeding support . The control group ( n=178 ) received the current conventional care of postnatal breastfeeding support . Definitions of breastfeeding practice s were according to World Health Organization ( WHO ) definitions . Participants answered a self-administered question naire during recruitment and were later followed up at one , four and 6-month intervals during the postpartum period via a telephone-based question naire . RESULTS At 1 month , a higher percentage of mothers in the intervention group practice d exclusive breastfeeding , compared to the control group ( 84.3 % vs. 74.7 % , OR 1.825 95 % , p=0.042 , CI=1.054 , 3.157 ) . At 4 and 6 months postpartum , similar percentages of mothers from the two groups practice d exclusive breastfeeding ( 41.98 % vs. 38.99 % ; 12.50 % vs. 12.02 % , no significant differences , both p>0.05 ) . Slightly higher numbers of mothers in the control group had completely stopped breastfeeding at the 1 , 4 and 6 month marks , compared to the intervention group ( 7.4 % vs. 5.4 % ; 12.6 % vs. 9.9 % ; 13.9 % vs. 9.4 % ; all p>0.05 ) . The reason cited by most mothers who had completely stopped breastfeeding during the early postpartum period was a low breast milk supply , while returning to work was the main reason for stopping breastfeeding later in the postpartum period . CONCLUSIONS Telephone lactation counselling provided by certified lactation counsellors from the nursing profession was effective in increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first postpartum month but not during the 4 and 6month postpartum intervals BACKGROUND Access to antenatal care ( ANC ) and postnatal care ( PNC ) services has a great deal of impacts on major causes of infant death and significantly affects trends of mortality in a population . Antenatal care may play an indirect role in reducing maternal mortality by encouraging women to deliver with assistance of a skilled birth attendant or in a health facility . In most rural setting s of Ethiopia , there are challenges in increasing such health care service utilization mainly due to the fact that the decisions that lead women to use the services seem to occur within the context of their marriage , household and family setting . OBJECTIVE Examining the prevalence and factors associated with  antenatal Care ( ANC ) and Postnatal Care ( PNC ) service utilizations  . METHODS This was a cross-sectional population based study undertaken in 10 rural villages of the Sidama zone , southern Ethiopia . The data were collected from a representative sample of 1,094 households drawn from the study population using a combination of simple r and om and multistage sampling techniques . Two dependent variables were used in the analysis : The ANC , measured by whether a woman got the service ( at least once ) from a health professional or not during her last pregnancy and PNC which was approximated by whether the last born child completed the required immunization or not . Household and women 's characteristics were used as explanatory variables for both dependent variables . RESULTS The study revealed that the level of ANC and PNC service utilizations is 77.4 % and 37.2 % respectively . The predicted probabilities , using logistic regression , showed that women who are literate , have exposure to media , and women with low parity are more likely to use both ANC and PNC services . CONCLUSION Antenatal care service utilization was generally good while the postnatal care given to new born children was very low compared to other population groups in the region . Promoting women 's education and behavioral change communication at grass root level , provision of the services at both home and health facilities , and improving the quality and capacity of the health providers are some of the recommendations forwarded BACKGROUND Non-attendance is common in primary care and previous studies have reported that reminders were useful in reducing broken appointments . OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a text messaging reminder in improving attendance in primary care . DESIGN Multicentre three-arm r and omized controlled trial . SETTING Seven primary care clinics in Malaysia . Participants . Patients ( or their caregivers ) who required follow-up at the clinics between 48 hours and 3 months from the recruitment date . Interventions . Two intervention arms consisted of text messaging and mobile phone reminders 24 - 48 hours prior to scheduled appointments . Control group did not receive any intervention . Outcome measures . Attendance rates and costs of interventions . RESULTS A total of 993 participants were eligible for analysis .  Attendance rates of control , text messaging and mobile phone reminder groups were 48.1 , 59.0 and 59.6 % , respectively . The attendance rate of the text messaging reminder group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group ( odds ratio 1.59 , 95 % confidence interval 1.17 to 2.17 , P = 0.005 ) . There was no statistically significant difference in attendance rates between text messaging and mobile phone reminder groups . The cost of text messaging reminder ( RM 0.45 per attendance ) was lower than mobile phone reminder ( RM 0.82 per attendance ) . CONCLUSIONS Text messaging reminder system was effective in improving attendance rate in primary care . It was more cost-effective compared with the mobile phone reminder Background Adequate antenatal care is important to both the health of a pregnant woman and her unborn baby . Given South Africa ’s high rate of cellphone penetration , mobile health interventions have been touted as a potentially powerful means to disseminate health information . This study aim ed to increase antenatal health knowledge and awareness by disseminating text messages about clinic procedures at antenatal visits , and how to be healthy during pregnancy . Methods Participants recruited were pregnant women attending a primary health care facility in Cape Town . A controlled clinical trial was carried out where the intervention group ( n = 102 ) received text messages staggered according to the week of pregnancy at the time of recruitment . The control group ( n = 104 ) received no text messages . These text messages contained antenatal health information , and were delivered in English , Xhosa or Afrikaans , according to the preference of each participant . A baseline knowledge question naire with nine questions was administered prior to the intervention . The same question naire was used with added health-related behaviour questions for the intervention group at exit . A modified intention-to-treat analysis was done . To compare the control and intervention group ’s knowledge , Fisher ’s exact tests and two- sample t-tests tests were carried out for binary and continuous outcomes , respectively . A focus group of seven participants from the intervention group was then conducted to gain more insight into how the text messages were perceived . Results There was substantial loss to follow-up during the study with only 57 % of the participants retained at exit . No statistically significant difference was detected between the control and intervention group in any of the nine knowledge questions at exit ( all p > 0.05 ) . Responses from the focus group indicated that the text messages acted as a welcome reminder and a source of positive motivation , and were perceived as extended care from the health care provider . Conclusions While the intervention failed to improve antenatal health knowledge , evidence from self-reported behaviour and the focus group suggests that text messages have the potential to motivate change in health-seeking behaviour . One should be mindful of loss to follow-up when rolling out mobile health interventions in developing country setting s . Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201406000841188 . Registered 3 June 2014 Objective To compare the efficacy of a short messaging service ( SMS ) text messaging and phone reminder to improve attendance rates at a health promotion center . Methods A total of 1 859 participants who had scheduled appointments in the health promotion center of our hospital from April 2007 to May 2007 were enrolled in the study and r and omly assigned into 3 groups : control ( no reminder ) group , SMS text messaging reminder group and telephone reminder group .  Attendance rates and costs of interventions were collected . Results A total of 1848 participants were eligible for analysis .  Attendance rates of control , SMS and telephone groups were 80.5 % , 87.5 % and 88.3 % , respectively . The attendance rates were significantly higher in SMS and telephone groups than that in the control group , with odds ratio 1.698 , 95 % confidence interval 1.224 to 2.316 , P=0.001 in the SMS group , and odds ratio 1.829 , 95 % confidence interval 1.333 to 2.509 , P<0.001 in the telephone group . However , there was no difference between the SMS group and the telephone group ( P=0.670 ) . The cost effectiveness analysis showed that the cost per attendance for the SMS group ( 0.31 Yuan ) was significantly lower than that for the telephone group ( 0.48 Yuan ) . ConclusionS MS and telephone are effective reminders for improving attendance rate at a health promotion center . SMS reminder may be more cost-effective compared with the telephone reminder BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to retest the hypotheses of Reekie and Devlin ( 1998 ) by conducting a similar r and omized controlled trial in an orthodontic clinic in the Netherl and s. It was hypothesized that a reminder would reduce the failed attendance rate and that the form of the reminder would be irrelevant . METHODS All patients with appointments in the orthodontic clinic at the Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam during a 3-week period were divided into 4 groups . Three groups received a reminder 1 day before the appointment , either by telephone , mail , or short message service ( SMS , a service used to send and receive short text messages to and from cell phones ) . A control group did not receive a reminder . In a follow 
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Conclusions SMS has positive effects for the uptake of FANC visits and skilled birth attendance in LMICs .
A short messaging service targeting pregnant woman is an invaluable , affordable intervention to improve maternal healthcare seeking behaviors