***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : Behavioral problems may affect individuals with dementia , increasing the cost and burden of care . Pet therapy has been known to be emotionally beneficial for many years . Robotic pets have been shown to have similar positive effects without the negative aspects of traditional pets . Robotic pet therapy offers an alternative to traditional pet therapy . Objective : The study rigorously assesses the effectiveness of the PARO robotic pet , an FDA approved biofeedback device , in treating dementia-related symptoms . Methods : A r and omized block design with repeated measurements guided the study . Before and after measures included reliable , valid tools such as : RAID , CSDD , GDS , pulse rate , pulse oximetry , and GSR .  Participants interacted with the PARO robotic pet , and the control group received st and ard activity programs .  Five urban secure dementia units comprised the setting . Results : 61 patients , with 77 % females , average 83.4 years in age , were r and omized into control and treatment groups . Compared to the control group , RAID , CSDD , GSR , and pulse oximetry were increased in the treatment group , while pulse rate , pain medication , and psychoactive medication use were decreased . The changes in GSR , pulse oximetry , and pulse rate over time were plotted for both groups . The difference between groups was consistent throughout the 12-week study for pulse oximetry and pulse rate , while GSR had several weeks when changes were similar between groups . Conclusions : Treatment with the PARO robot decreased stress and anxiety in the treatment group and result ed in reductions in the use of psychoactive medications and pain medications in elderly clients with dementia AIM The aim of this study was to investigate effects of robot-assisted group activity with Paro on quality of life in older people with dementia . BACKGROUND Nursing home residents with severe dementia often experience social withdrawal and lower quality of life , which are suggested to be enhanced by non-pharmacological interventions . DESIGN A cluster-r and omized controlled trial . Ten nursing home units were r and omized to robot-assisted intervention or control group ( treatment as usual ) .  METHODS Data were collected between March 2013-September 2014 . 27 participants participated in group activity for 30 minutes twice a week over 12 weeks , 26 participated in the control group .  Change in quality of life was assessed by local nurses through the Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia scale at baseline , after end of intervention and at 3 months follow-up . The scale and regular psychotropic medication were analysed stratified by dementia severity . Analysis using mixed model , one-way anova and linear regression were performed . RESULTS An effect was found among participants with severe dementia from baseline to follow-up showing stable quality of life in the intervention group compared with a decrease in the control group . The intervention explained most of the variance in change in the total scale and in the subscales describing Tension and Well-being for the group with severe dementia . The intervention group used significantly less psychotropic medication compared with the control group after end of intervention . CONCLUSION Pleasant and engaging activities facilitated by nursing staff , such as group activity with Paro , could improve quality of life in people with severe dementia . The trial is in adherence with the CONSORT statement and is registered at www . clinical trials.gov ( study ID number : NCT01998490 ) [ corrected ] OBJECTIVES To investigate the affective , social , behavioral , and physiological effects of the companion robot Paro for people with dementia in both a day care center and a home setting . DESIGN A pilot block r and omized controlled trial over 12 weeks . Participants were r and omized to the intervention ( Paro ) or control condition  ( st and ard care ) . SETTING Two dementia day care centers and participants ' homes in Auckl and , New Zeal and . PARTICIPANTS Thirty dyads ( consisting of a care recipient with dementia and their caregiver ) took part in this study . All care recipients attended dementia day care centers at Selwyn Foundation and had a formal diagnosis of dementia . INTERVENTION Thirty-minute unstructured group sessions with Paro at the day care center were run 2 to 3 times a week for 6 weeks . Participants also had Paro at home for 6 weeks . MEASUREMENTS At the day care centers , observations of the care recipients ' behavior , affect , and social responses were recorded using a time sampling method . Observations of interactions with Paro for participants in the intervention were also recorded . Blood pressure and salivary cortisol were collected from care recipients before and after sessions at day care . In the home setting , level of cognition , depressive symptoms , neuropsychiatric symptoms , behavioral agitation , and blood pressure were measured at baseline , 6 weeks , and 12 weeks . Hair cortisol measures were collected at baseline and at 6 weeks . RESULTS Observations showed that Paro significantly improved facial expressions ( affect ) and communication with staff ( social interaction ) at the day care centers . Subanalyses showed that care recipients with less cognitive impairment responded significantly better to Paro . There were no significant differences in care recipient dementia symptoms , nor physiological measures between the intervention and control group . CONCLUSION Paro shows promise in enhancing affective and social outcomes for certain individuals with dementia in a community context . Larger r and omized controlled trials in community setting s , with longer time frames , are needed to further specify the context s and characteristics for which Paro is most beneficial OBJECTIVES To examine effects on symptoms of agitation and depression in nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia participating in a robot-assisted group activity with the robot seal Paro . DESIGN A cluster-r and omized controlled trial . Ten nursing home units were r and omized to either robot-assisted intervention or a control group with treatment as usual during 3 intervention periods from 2013 to 2014 . SETTING Ten adapted units in nursing homes in 3 counties in eastern Norway . PARTICIPANTS Sixty residents ( 67 % women , age range 62 - 95 years ) in adapted nursing home units with a dementia diagnosis or cognitive impairment ( Mini-Mental State Examination score lower than 25/30 ) . INTERVENTION Group sessions with Paro took place in a separate room at nursing homes for 30 minutes twice a week over the course of 12 weeks . Local nurses were trained to conduct the intervention . MEASUREMENTS Participants were scored on baseline measures ( T0 ) assessing cognitive status , regular medication , agitation ( BARS ) , and depression ( CSDD ) . The data collection was repeated at end of intervention ( T1 ) and at follow-up ( 3 months after end of intervention ) ( T2 ) . Mixed models were used to test treatment and time effects . RESULTS Statistically significant differences in changes were found on agitation and depression between groups from T0 to T2 . Although the symptoms of the intervention group declined , the control group 's symptoms developed in the opposite direction . Agitation showed an effect estimate of -5.51 , CI 0.06 - 10.97 , P = .048 , and depression -3.88 , CI 0.43 - 7.33 , P = .028 . There were no significant differences in changes on either agitation or depression between groups from T0 to T1 . CONCLUSION This study found a long-term effect on depression and agitation by using Paro in activity groups for elderly with dementia in nursing homes . Paro might be a suitable nonpharmacological treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms and should be considered as a useful tool in clinical practice OBJECTIVES To investigate the psychosocial effects of the companion robot , Paro , in a rest home/hospital setting in comparison to a control group . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . Residents were r and omized to the robot intervention group or a control group that attended normal activities instead of Paro sessions . Sessions took place twice a week for an hour over 12 weeks . Over the trial period , observations were conducted of residents ' social behavior when interacting as a group with the robot . As a comparison , observations were also conducted of all the residents during general activities when the resident dog was or was not present . SETTING A residential care facility in Auckl and , New Zeal and . PARTICIPANTS Forty residents in hospital and rest home care . MEASUREMENTS Residents completed a baseline measure assessing cognitive status , loneliness , depression , and quality of life . At follow-up , residents completed a question naire assessing loneliness , depression , and quality of life . During observations , behavior was noted and collated for instances of talking and stroking the dog/robot . RESULTS In comparison with the control group , residents who interacted with the robot had significant decreases in loneliness over the period of the trial . Both the resident dog and the seal robot made an impact on the social environment in comparison to when neither was present . Residents talked to and touched the robot significantly more than the resident dog . A greater number of residents were involved in discussion about the robot in comparison with the resident dog and conversation about the robot occurred more . CONCLUSION Paro is a positive addition to this environment and has benefits for older people in nursing home care .  Paro may be able to address some of the unmet needs of older people that a resident animal may not , particularly relating to loneliness Background Aging at home rather than in an institution is now considered the gold st and ard . Public health figures document an important demographic transition to an increasingly elderly society . At the same time , this is accompanied by the emergence of significant numbers of innovative technologies to help and support home-dwelling older adults in declining health who wish to remain at home . Study aim To explore the acceptability of intelligent wireless sensor system ( IWSS ) among home-dwelling older adults in rapidly detecting their health issues . Methods Data were source d from a pilot 3-month r and omized clinical trial that involved 34 older patients in the experimental group ( EG ) using an IWSS to rapidly detect falls and other health issues at home . The effectiveness of the IWSS was assessed by comparing it to participants ’ functional and cognitive status , as measured both before and after the trial . The Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care , Confusion Assessment Method , Cognitive Performance Scale , Geriatric Depression Scale , and Informed Question naire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly were used for the assessment s. Acceptability of the IWSS  was explored at the end of the study . Results Both older adults and their informal caregivers considered the performance and usefulness of the IWSS intervention  to be low to moderate . A majority of the participants were unsatisfied with its ease of use and found multiple obstacles in using and having an intention to use the IWSS .  However , their informal caregivers were more satisfied with the program and gave higher scores for usefulness , ease of use , and intention to use IWSS technology . Conclusion The IWSS displayed low-to-moderate acceptability among the older participants and their informal caregivers . We recommend improving and clarifying several components in the IWSS for the development of a design that is user-centered Objectives : To determine whether a sound-activated light-alarm device could reduce the noise in the central area of our pediatric intensive care unit and to determine whether this reduction was significant enough to decrease the noise that could be perceived by a patient located in a nearby room . The secondary objective was to determine the mode of action of the device . Design : In a 16-bed pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit , a large and clearly noticeable sound-activated light device was set in the noisiest part of the central area of our unit , and noise measurements were made in the central area and in a nearby room . In a prospect i ve , quasi-experimental design , sound levels were compared across three different situations — no device present , device present and turned on , and device present but turned off— and noise level measurements were made over a total of 18 days . Patients /Subjects : None . Interventions : Setting a sound-activated light device on or off . Results : When the device was present , the noise was about 2 dB lower in the central area and in a nearby room , but there was no difference in noise level with the device turned on vs. turned off . Conclusion : The noise decrease in the central area was of limited importance but was translated in a nearby room . The sound-activated light device did not directly decrease noise when turned on , but repetition of the visual signal throughout the day raised staff awareness of noise levels over time This pilot study aim ed to compare the effect of companion robots ( PARO ) to participation in an interactive reading group on emotions in people living with moderate to severe dementia in a residential care setting . A r and omized crossover design , with PARO and reading control groups , was used . Eighteen residents with mid- to late-stage dementia from one aged care facility in Queensl and , Australia , were recruited . Participants were assessed three times using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer 's Disease , Rating Anxiety in Dementia , Apathy Evaluation , Geriatric Depression , and Revised Algase W and ering Scales .  PARO had a moderate to large positive influence on participants ' quality of life compared to the reading group . The PARO intervention group had higher pleasure scores when compared to the reading group . Findings suggest PARO may be useful as a treatment option for people with dementia ; however , the need for a larger trial was identified 
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Acceptance studies often focussed on ICT , robots and EHR/EMR .
Experimental design s with small numbers and without control groups were the most common methods used to evaluate acceptance and effectiveness .