***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The current study examined the effects of performance enhancement techniques ( PET 's ) on motor skill performance . Specifically , one hundred fifty college student volunteers ( Men = 41 ; 27.3 % and Women = 109 ; 72.6 % ) were r and omly assigned to one of the nine conditions ( Cond ) : Cond 1 and 2 , simultaneous , externally verbalized self-talk or imagery ( e.g. , participants were instructed to say " aim , back , birdie " or engaged in imagery out loud while putting ) ; Cond 3 and 4 , delayed externally verbalized self-talk or imagery ( e.g. , participants were instructed to say " aim , back , birdie " or engaged in imagery out loud before putting ) ; Cond 5 and 6 , simultaneous , internally verbalized self-talk or imagery ( e.g. , participants were instructed to say " aim , back , birdie " or engaged in imagery silently to oneself while putting ) ; Cond 7 and 8 , delayed internally verbalized ( e.g. , participant were instructed to say " aim , back , birdie " or engaged in imagery silently to oneself before putting ) ; and Cond 9 , no instruction control group . All participants were asked to perform a golf-putting task . Results indicated that participants who implemented several ( PET 's ) increased their putting accuracy across overall difference score evaluations F ( 8 , 141 ) = 4.01 , p < 0.05 when compared to a no instruction control condition . Follow-up analyses indicated that participants who reportedly engaged in ten hours or less of athletic activities per week preferred self-talk strategies F ( 2 , 119 ) = 4.38 , p < 0.05 whereas participants who endorsed ten hours or more of athletic activity per week preferred imagery strategies F ( 2 , 25 ) = 5.27 , p < 0.05 . Key PointsMental imagery and self-talk strategies are implemented by athletes in order to regulate arousal , reduce maladaptive behaviors , reconstruct negative thoughts , and to increase one 's concentration and focus . Results of the current study suggest that participants who engaged in several performance enhancement techniques exhibited enhanced performance on a golf putting task when compared to participants in a control condition . Participants who endorsed limited athletic familiarity and activity ( e.g. , ten hours or less ) preferred self-talk practice whereas participants who endorsed higher ratings scores of athletic familiarity and activity ( e.g. , ten hours or more ) preferred imagery strategies . The results of this study demonstrate the flexibility of Performance Enhancement Techniques ( e.g. , imagery v. self-talk , internal v. external , simultaneous v. delayed ) and how they can be implemented to help an athlete reach his or her full potential In this study , we examined ( 1 ) the relationship between self-talk and affect and ( 2 ) the nature of motivating self-talk . Ninety high-school athletes completed the Affect Grid and the Self-Talk Grid before practice and competition . Significant positive second-order partial correlations of low to moderate strength offered support for a relationship between self-talk and affect . In addition , significant positive second-order partial correlations of moderate strength were found for a relationship between negative-positive self-talk and demotivating-motivating self-talk . An examination of scatter plots indicated that some athletes rated their self-talk as negative as well as being motivational . These findings lend support to the suggestion that negative self-talk may motivate some athletes The effects of instructions to use three different types of thought patterns on the practice performance of superior age-group swimmers were assessed . Two different swimming tasks , two 40 degrees m effort swims and a set of eight 100 m repeats , were used . A balanced design allowed the comparison of the totals of treatment and control ( normal thinking ) conditions . All Ss improved in at least two of the three conditions . All manipulations were significant at the 0.05 level . Group averages indicated that task-relevant content was the most effective condition , followed by mood works , and positive thinking . The importance of using thought content instructions for improving performance was supported by this investigation Abstract This study examined the effects of a cognitive-hypnotic-imagery approach ( CHI ) , cognitive restructuring ( CR ) , and hypnosis only ( HO ) treatments on neuro-muscular performance , muscular growth , reduction of anxiety , and enhancement of self-concept .  Thirty-two volunteer male weightlifters served as subjects for the study . Eight subjects were r and omly assigned to each of four treatment conditions conducted over a four-week period . A 4 × 3 factorial design utilizing CANOVA and MANOVA programs was employed . The CHI group showed statistically significant treatment effects over the other groups on all six dependent variables from pretest to post Test I. From post Test I to post Test II , a time period in which no treatment was conducted , self-concept and muscular growth measures for CHI showed significance . The CHI group was statistically superior to all other conditions , ( CR , HO , control ) , which did not significantly differ from each other . Neuro-muscular performance ( supine barbell press mean increase o 
    Output:
    
Results indicated beneficial effects of positive , instructional , and motivational self-talk for performance .
First , negative self-talk did not impede performance .
Second , there was inconsistent evidence for the differential effects of instructional and motivational self-talk based on task characteristics .
Results from the mediation-based analysis indicate that cognitive and behavioral factors had the most consistent relationships with self-talk .