***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective . To evaluate the quality of life ( QOL ) of untreated children with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , compared with asthmatic and healthy children . Methods . This prospect i ve , case-control study included a group of 120 children , 6 to 12 years of age , with newly diagnosed ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition . Subjects were matched according to age , gender , and health care area with 2 control groups , ie , 93 asthmatic children and 120 healthy children . Sociodemographic characteristics and Child Health Question naire scores were collected . Results . The QOL of children with ADHD was rated worse than that of asthmatic or healthy children for most Child Health Question naire domains . The greatest differences were found in behavior , social limitations attributable to physical problems , emotional impact on parents , and family activities . Almost every psychosocial domain was more affected in comparison with asthmatic children and both psychosocial and physical domains in comparison with healthy children . Conclusions . ADHD interferes with the daily lives of children , parents , and families even more than asthma , primarily in areas related to psychosocial functioning , although evidence of impaired physical functioning also emerged . Delays in recognition , assessment , and management of ADHD may affect negatively the QOL of those children Objective To describe the methodology and to present the baseline findings of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Observational Research in Europe ( ADORE ) study , the primary objective of which is to describe the relationship between treatment regimen prescribed and quality of life of children with ADHD in actual practice . Methods In this 2-year prospect i ve observational study , data on diagnosis , prescribed treatment and outcomes of ADHD were collected at seven time points by paediatricians and child psychiatrists on 1,573 children recruited in 10 European countries . The data presented here from the 1,478 patients included in the analyses describe the baseline condition , initial treatment regimen prescribed and quality of life of families with children with ADHD . Results Patients had a mean age of 9.0 years ( SD 2.5 ) and 84 % were male . Physicians diagnoses were made using DSM-IV ( 43 % ) , ICD-10 ( 32 % ) and both DSM-IV and ICD-10 ( 12 % ) . Mean age of awareness of a problem was 5.1 years , suggesting an average delay of approximately 4 years between awareness and diagnosis of ADHD . Baseline ADHD rating scale scores ( physicianrated ) indicated moderate to severe ADHD . Parent-rated SDQ scores were in agreement and suggested significant levels of co-existing problems . CGI-S , CGAS and CHIPCE scores also indicated significant impairment . Patients were offered the following treatments after the initial assessment : pharmacotherapy ( 25 % ) , psychotherapy ( 19 % ) , combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy ( 25 % ) , other therapy ( 10 % ) and no treatment ( 21 % ) . Conclusion The ADORE study shows that ADHD is similarly recognised across 10 European countries and that the children are significantly impaired across a wide range of domains . In this respect , they resemble children described in previous ADHD sample Purpose To evaluate the effect of atomoxetine on quality of life ( QoL ) and family burden in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and comorbid oppositional defiant ( ODD ) or conduct disorder ( CD ) . Methods This secondary analysis was based on a r and omized , double-blind , 9-week study of atomoxetine ( target dose 1.2 mg/kg body weight ) versus placebo . The study included 180 patients ( atomoxetine 121 , placebo 59 ) , aged 6–17 years .  QoL was measured using the KINDL-R question naire . The total score encompasses six dimensions ( or subscales ) measuring QoL in terms of “ physical well-being ” , “ emotional well-being ” , “ self-esteem ” , “ friends ” , “ family ” , and “ school ” . Family burden of illness was measured using the FaBel question naire . Results With atomoxetine , the KINDL-R total score improved significantly ( P = 0.021 ) more than with placebo . This improvement also applied to the subscales except for “ physical well-being ” ( opposite effect ) and “ school ” ( no effect ) . No significant treatment group differences were seen on the FaBel question naire . No differences were found between the fast and slow titration groups in terms of ADHD , ODD , and disruptive behavior severity . Furthermore , no such differences were observed for QoL and family burden . Conclusions This study suggests positive effects of atomoxetine on quality of life , as measured by the KINDL-R scores on emotional well-being , self-esteem , friends and family , in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid ODD/CD . No significant treatment effects were seen on family burden , as measured by FaBel total score OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine global functioning , health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) , and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder , schizophrenia , or schizoaffective disorder following ziprasidone treatment . METHODS Sixty-three subjects ( aged 10 - 17 years ) received open-label ziprasidone  , titrated from 10 to 40 mg twice a day ( b.i.d . ) ( low-dose group ) or from 20 to 80 mg b.i.d . ( high-dose group ) ; fixed doses were used until week 3 , followed by flexible doses for 6 months . The Children 's Global Assessment Scale ( CGAS ) characterized functional impairment at baseline and following treatment . The Child Health Question naire ( CHQ ) assessed HRQOL at baseline . RESULTS Baseline CHQ showed greater impairment in psychosocial functioning than in physical health . Baseline mean CGAS scores were substantially below normal ( i.e. , < 70 ) , indicating functional impairment . Improvement in CGAS scores occurred as early as the first week of treatment . The low correlations between both CHQ and CGAS and the efficacy measures at baseline indicate that these scales measure different constructs . Nevertheless , there was good correlation between improvements in the CGAS and changes in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored ( BPRS-A ) and Young Mania Rating Scale ( YMRS ) during ziprasidone treatment . CONCLUSION CHQ and CGAS scales may be useful together with st and ard efficacy measures for children and adolescents with these disorders Measurement of health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) gives a more complete picture of day-to-day functioning and treatment effects than behavioural rating alone . The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of the combined diagnoses of developmental coordination disorder ( DCD ) and ADHD on HRQOL , and the effectiveness of methylpheni date ( MPH ) on HRQOL . HRQOL was established using the Dutch-Child-AZL-TNO- Quality -of-Life ( DUX-25 ) and the TNO-AZL-Child- Quality -of-Life ( TACQOL ) question naires , completed by children and parents . HRQOL of these children was compared with that of 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls . Twenty-three children ( 21 males , two females ; mean age 8 y 6 mo , [ SD 3 mo ] range 7 y-10 y 8 mo ) with ADHD/DCD entered a 4-week , open-label MPH study , after MPH-sensitivity was established , in a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . In these children 's self- and proxy reports , impact of both DCD and ADHD was reflected in lower general well-being ( self and proxy report p=0.001 ) due to lower functioning in motor ( selfp=0.026 ; proxy 0.001 ) , autonomic ( self p<0.001 ; proxy p=0.047 ) , cognitive ( self p=0.001 ; proxy p=0.01 ) , and social ( self and proxy p<0.001 ) domains . HRQOL scores improved in 18 children receiving MPH ( p=0.001 ) versus controls . The ADHD /DCD group also demonstrated a significant improvement in ADHD symptoms ( p<0.001 ) and motor functioning ( p<0.001 ) . Additional motor therapy will still be needed in about half of the children with ADHD/DCD receiving MPH , within multimodal treatment including educational and psychosocial assistance ABSTRACT . Clinical research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) has begun to integrate measures of health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) as part of the overall assessment of treatment outcomes . This study examines the association between HRQL and measures of clinical symptoms of ADHD . Data were gathered from 297 children and adolescents in an 8-week , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , clinical trial of atomoxetine treatment for ADHD . HRQL was assessed with the Child Health Question naire 50-item Parent Form . ADHD symptoms were assessed with the ADHD Rating Scale-IV ; Parent Version and Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity . Associations between HRQL and clinical symptoms were assessed with correlations , analyses of variance with post hoc comparisons , and t tests . The Child Health Question naire 50-item Parent Form scales assessing psychosocial domains of HRQL were significantly negatively correlated with clinical measures . Improvement in clinical symptoms was associated with corresponding improvement in psychosocial aspects of HRQL . The findings suggest that HRQL instruments can add important information to efficacy measures in clinical trials of ADHD treatment 
    Output:
    
These studies revealed that the QOL of children with various mental disorders is compromised across multiple domains .
The largest effect sizes were found for psychosocial and family-related domains and for the total QOL score , whereas physical domains generally were less affected .
Conclusions Children with mental disorders experience a considerable reduction in QOL across various domains .