***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background : The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills ( IMB ) model of HIV preventive behavior ( 1–4 ) specifies that treatment effects on behavior occur largely as the result of treatment effects on behavioral skills , which follow from effects on information and motivation . Purpose : The objective was to determine whether the variables specified by the IMB model of HIV preventive behavior ( 1–4 ) accounted for the relation between an IMB-based treatment and result ing HIV preventive behavior ( condom use ) . Method : Women ( n = 557 ) living in 18 low-income housing developments in 5 geographically dispersed cities were recruited to participate in an HIV-prevention study . Women ( within housing developments ) were r and omly assigned to receive an IMB-based , HIV risk-avoidance intervention or a comparison intervention . Baseline and posttreatment ( 16 months after baseline ) data were collected on condom use information , motivation ( social norms , attitudes , intentions , and perceived risk ) , enactment of behavioral skills ( condom negotiation and procurement ) , and rates of condom use in the past 2 months . Results : The IMB intervention led to a 12 % to 16 % increase in condom use rates over the course , whereas the comparison intervention led to 2 % decrease . In addition , the IMB treatment led to greater increases in condom use information , in the intentions and social norms components of motivation and the condom procurement and condom conversations components of behavioral skills . The IMB model provided an acceptable fit to the data ( root mean square error of approximation < .05 ) and accounted for 50 % of the variance inposttreatment condom use among the sample . Treatment effects on condom use were almost entirely mediated by the IMB variables ; specifically , motivation and enactment of behavioral skills mediated the intervention ’s impact on condom use . Conclusions : These results provide supporting evidence as to how theoretical variables operate to effect change within a theory-based intervention and provide evidence as to the applicability of a prevailing theory of HIV risk behavior among low-income minority Background Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years are both the most at risk of HIV and the greatest hope for turning the tide against HIV/AIDS . Although various surveys have been done on sexual behaviour of youth in Ethiopia , studies assessing the effect of emergency oral contraceptives on condom utilization of university students are lacking . Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two major universities of Ethiopia from January to May 2011 using structured self administered question naire with the aim to assess the effect of introducing oral emergency contraceptive pills on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among female university students . Study participants were selected by simple r and om sampling using the list from the associate registrars of each University . Data were entered , cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 . Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with condom utilization . Results a total of 623 students out of 660 were included giving response rate of 94.4 % . A total of 103(16.5 % ) had history of sexual intercourse and nearly half ( 45.6 % ) of them had sex before the age of 20 years . Forty ( 6.4 % ) students had history of sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) . Sixty seven percent of students had heard about  emergency oral contraceptives .  One hundred and ninety one ( 45.7 % ) of students believe that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy . Believing that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy ( adjusted Odds ratio , AOR = 0.22 95 % CI 0.06 , 0.87 ) , condom prevents STI ( AOR = 10.37 , 95 % CI 1.73 , 62.24 ) and younger age below 20 years ( AOR = 11.68 95 % CI 1.25 , 109.19 ) were statistically significantly associated with condom use . Conclusion a significant number of students had history of sexual intercourse and used emergency contraception . The belief in the effectiveness of EOC negatively affects condom use . The preference for the pill may make teenagers less prepared to practice STI protective behaviours in specific situations . Therefore , there is an urgent need to educate young people in universities about reproductive health and family planning and skills on how to prevent HIV/STIs including unwanted pregnancy Abstract Objectives : Despite findings suggesting that young adults are more concerned about experiencing an unplanned pregnancy or contracting a sexually transmitted infection ( STI ) than becoming human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infected , no empirical work has investigated whether the specific focus of an intervention may be more or less efficacious at changing sexual behavior . Participants : Participants were 198 college students r and omized to 1 of 4 conditions : pregnancy intervention , STI intervention , HIV intervention , or a control condition during 2008–2009 . Methods : The authors compared the efficacy of 3 theory-based , sexual risk – reduction interventions that were exactly the same except for an exclusive focus on preventing pregnancy , STI , or HIV . Condom use and risky sexual behavior were assessed at baseline and 4-week and 8-week follow-up . Results : Participants exposed to the pregnancy or STI interventions reported greater condom use and less risky sexual behavior than those exposed to the HIV intervention . Conclusions : The focus of sexual risk – reduction interventions may lead to differential behavior change among young adults PURPOSE One objective of translational science is to identify elements of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) risk-reduction interventions that have been shown to be effective and find new ways of delivering these interventions to the community to ensure that they reach the widest possible audience of at-risk individuals . The current study reports the development and evaluation of a computer-delivered , theory-based , individually tailored HIV risk-reduction intervention . METHODS This study evaluated the effectiveness of a custom computerized HIV/AIDS risk reduction intervention at increasing HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors in a r and omized trial with 157 college students . The intervention content and delivery were based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model of Health Behavior Change and used Motivational Interviewing techniques . Participants completed a baseline assessment of HIV prevention information , motivation , behavioral skills and behavior , attended two brief computer-delivered intervention sessions , and completed a follow-up assessment . RESULTS As compared to the control group ( a nutrition education tutorial ) , participants who interacted with the computer-delivered HIV/AIDS risk reduction intervention exhibited a significant increase in risk reduction behavior . Specifically , participants reported a greater frequency of keeping condoms available and displayed greater condom-related knowledge at a four-week follow-up session ; among sexually active participants , there was a significant increase in self-reported condom use . CONCLUSIONS Delivery of brief individually tailored HIV/AIDS risk reduction interventions via computer may be an effective HIV/AIDS prevention approach for adolescents . More research is needed to further support the effectiveness of this type of intervention and determine the generalizability of these findings to economically and educationally disadvantaged adolescents 
    Output:
    
Additionally , interventions that included modules to increase self-efficacy for condom use , taught participants where to get condoms and how to negotiate condom use with partners , or elicited positive associations ( feels ) toward condoms saw increased condom use or intention to use condoms