***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND There are numerous reports of abnormal glucose metabolism , including increased rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus , in psychiatric patients . It remains unclear , however , whether there is an intrinsic relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism and particular psychiatric disorders , because the relationship is complicated by treatment with psychotropic medications that promote weight gain and hyperglycemia . This study aim ed to clarify this relationship . METHODS The medical records of 243 in patients , aged 50 - 74 years , with diagnoses of major depression , bipolar I disorder , schizoaffective disorder , schizophrenia , and dementia were review ed . Psychiatric and type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnoses , medications , body mass index ( BMI ) , age , gender , and race were recorded . Diabetes rates were compared to age , race , and gender-matched rates in the US general population . RESULTS Rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus were : schizoaffective ( 50 % ) > bipolar I ( 26 % ) > major depression ( 18 % ) = dementia ( 18 % ) > schizophrenia ( 13 % ) ( p < 0.006 ) . Diabetic patients had a higher mean BMI ( p = 0.01 ) , but not a significantly higher use of psychotropic medications previously reported to be associated with new-onset type 2 diabetes ( e.g. , phenothiazines , clozapine , olanzapine ) . Logistic regression revealed that psychiatric diagnosis and BMI were the only significant and independent predictors of diabetes diagnosis . Compared to national norms , diabetes rates were significantly elevated only in bipolar I affective and schizoaffective patients . LIMITATIONS This study was a retrospective chart review of older , hospitalized patients . CONCLUSIONS This is the first published study to show an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among psychiatric patients with particular psychiatric illnesses independent of the effects of age , race , gender , medication , and body mass . This finding , which requires replication in a larger scale , prospect i ve study , suggests an intrinsic relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism and bipolar I affective and schizoaffective disorders Definition : To what extent does the study allow us to draw conclusions about a causal effect between two or more constructs ? Issues : Selection , maturation , history , mortality , testing , regression towrd the mean , selection by maturation , treatment by mortality , treatment by testing  , measured treatment variables Increase : Eliminate the threats , above all do experimental manipulations , r and om assignment , and counterbalancing 
    Output:
    
To our knowledge , this is the first meta- analysis comparing MetS comorbidity between individuals with SD and those with SCZ or ONAP .
SD subjects are more likely to suffer from MetS , with consistent findings across the studies included .