***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Goals of workProstate cancer patients receiving and rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT )  are vulnerable to a number of potentially debilitating side effects , which can significantly impact quality of life . The role of alternate therapies , such as physical activity ( PA ) , in attenuating these side effects is largely understudied for such a large population . Thus , the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PA intervention for men receiving ADT on PA behavior , quality of life , and fitness measures . Patients and methods One hundred participants were r and omized into an intervention ( n = 53 ) or a wait-list control group ( n = 47 ) , with 11 dropping out of the intervention group and 23 dropping out of the wait-list control group prior to post-testing . The intervention consisted of both an individually tailored home-based aerobic and light resistant training program and weekly group sessions .  PA , quality of life , fitness , and physiological outcomes were assessed pre and post the 16-week intervention . Results Significant increases in PA , supported by changes in girth measures and blood pressure , support the beneficial impact of the intervention . Positive trends were also evident for depression and fatigue . However , due to the high dropout rate , these results must be interpreted with caution . Conclusions PA effectively attenuates many of the side effects of ADT and should be recommended to prostate survivors as an alternate therapy . Determining the maintenance of this behavior change will be important for underst and ing how the long-term benefits of increased activity levels may alleviate the late effects of ADT And rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) improves life expectancy in prostate cancer ( PCa ) patients , but is associated with adverse effects on muscle mass . Here , we investigated the effects of strength training during ADT on muscle fiber cross-sectional area ( CSA ) and regulators of muscle mass . PCa patients on ADT were r and omized to 16 weeks of strength training ( STG ) ( n = 12 ) or a control group  ( CG ; n = 11 ) . Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot . Muscle fiber CSA increased with strength training ( 898 μm(2 ) , P = 0.04 ) , with the only significant increase observed in type II fibers ( 1076 μm(2 ) , P = 0.03 ) . There was a trend toward a difference in mean change between groups myonuclei number ( 0.33 nuclei/fiber , P = 0.06 ) , with the only significant increase observed in type I fibers , which decreased the myonuclear domain size of type I fibers ( P = 0.05 ) . Satellite cell numbers and the content of and rogen receptor and myostatin remained unchanged . Sixteen weeks of strength training during ADT increased type II fiber CSA and reduced myonuclear domain in type I fibers in PCa patients . The increased number of satellite cells normally seen following strength training was not observed Summary And rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) for prostate cancer ( PCa ) impairs musculoskeletal health . We evaluated the efficacy of 32-week football training on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and physical functioning in men undergoing ADT for PCa . Football training improved the femoral shaft and total hip BMD and physical functioning parameters compared to control . Introduction ADT is a mainstay in PCa management . Side effects include decreased bone and muscle strength and increased fracture rates . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 32 weeks of football training on BMD , bone turnover markers ( BTMs ) , body composition , and physical functioning in men with PCa undergoing ADT . Methods Men receiving ADT > 6 months ( n = 57 ) were r and omly allocated to a football training group ( FTG ) ( n = 29 ) practising 2–3 times per week for 45–60 min or to a st and ard care control group ( CON ) ( n = 28 ) for 32 weeks . Outcomes were total hip , femoral shaft , femoral neck and lumbar spine ( L2-L4 ) BMD and systemic BTMs ( procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide , osteocalcin , C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen ) . Additionally , physical functioning ( postural balance , jump height , repeated chair rise , stair climbing ) was evaluated . Results Thirty-two-week follow-up measures were obtained for FTG ( n = 21 ) and for CON ( n = 20 ) , respectively . Analysis of mean changes from baseline to 32 weeks showed significant differences between FTG and CON in right ( 0.015 g/cm2 ) and left ( 0.017 g/cm2 ) total hip and in right ( 0.018 g/cm2 ) and left ( 0.024 g/cm2 ) femoral shaft BMD , jump height ( 1.7 cm ) and stair climbing ( −0.21 s ) all in favour of FTG ( p < 0.05 ) . No other significant between-group differences were observed . Conclusions Compared to st and ard care , 32 weeks of football training improved BMD at clinical ly important femoral sites and parameters of physical functioning in men undergoing ADT for PCa BACKGROUND Physical exercise mitigates fatigue during and rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) ; however , the effects of different exercise prescriptions are unknown . OBJECTIVES To determine the long-term effects of different exercise modes on fatigue in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Between 2009 and 2012 , 163 prostate cancer patients aged 43 - 90 y on ADT were r and omised to exercise targeting the musculoskeletal system ( impact loading+resistance training ; ILRT ; n=58 ) , the cardiovascular and muscular systems ( aerobic+resistance training ; ART ; n=54 ) , or to usual care/delayed exercise ( DEL ; n=51 ) for 12 mo across university-affiliated exercise clinics in Australia . INTERVENTION Supervised ILRT for 12 mo , supervised ART for 6 mo followed by a 6-mo home program , and DEL received a printed booklet on exercise information for 6 mo followed by 6-mo stationary cycling exercise . OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Fatigue was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Question naire-Core 36 and vitality using the Short Form-36 . Analysis of variance was used to compare outcomes for groups at 6 mo and 12 mo . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Fatigue was reduced ( p=0.005 ) in ILRT at 6 mo and 12 mo ( ∼5 points ) , and in ART ( p=0.005 ) and DEL ( p=0.022 ) at 12 mo . Similarly , vitality increased for all groups ( p≤0.001 ) at 12 mo ( ∼4 points ) . Those with the highest levels of fatigue and lowest vitality improved the most with exercise ( ptrend<0.001 ) . A limitation was inclusion of mostly well-functioning individuals . CONCLUSIONS Different exercise modes have comparable effects on reducing fatigue and enhancing vitality during ADT . Patients with the highest levels of fatigue and lowest vitality had the greatest benefits . PATIENT SUMMARY We compared the effects of different exercise modes on  fatigue in men on and rogen deprivation therapy . All exercise programs  reduced fatigue and enhanced vitality . We conclude that undertaking some form of exercise will help reduce fatigue , especially in those who are the most fatigued Background : Healthy lifestyle behaviors could have a role in ameliorating some of the adverse effects of and rogen suppression therapy  ( AST ) in men with prostate cancer . The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a tapered supervised exercise program in combination with dietary advice in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST . Methods : Advanced prostate cancer patients receiving AST for a minimum of 6 months were r and omized to a 12-week lifestyle program comprising aerobic and resistance exercise , plus dietary advice ( n = 25 ) , or st and ard care ( n = 25 ) . Exercise behavior , dietary macronutrient intake , quality of life , fatigue , functional fitness , and biomarkers associated with disease progression were assessed at baseline , after the intervention , and at 6 months . Results : The lifestyle group showed improvements in exercise behavior ( P < 0.001 ) , dietary fat intake ( P = 0.001 ) , total energy intake ( P = 0.005 ) , fatigue ( P = 0.002 ) , aerobic exercise tolerance ( P < 0.001 ) , and muscle strength ( P = 0.033 ) compared with st and ard care controls . Although a high rate of attrition ( 44 % ) was observed at 6 months , the improvements in key health outcomes were sustained . No effects on clinical prostate cancer disease markers were observed . Conclusions : This preliminary evidence suggests that pragmatic lifestyle interventions have potential to evoke improvements in exercise and dietary behavior , in addition to other important health outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST . Impact : This study shows for the first time that pragmatic lifestyle interventions are feasible and could have a positive impact on health behaviors and other key outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving AST . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 20(4 ) ; 647–57 . © 2011 AACR Abstract Objective Hot flushes and night sweats ( HFNS ) are experienced by up to 80 % of prostate cancer patients undergoing and rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) . This study evaluates the effects of a guided self‐help cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) intervention on HFNS problem‐rating ( primary outcome ) , HFNS frequency , mood and health‐related quality of life ( secondary outcomes ) in patients undergoing ADT . Methods Patients reporting treatment‐induced HFNS were r and omly assigned to  CBT ( n = 33 ) or treatment as usual ( TAU ) ( n = 35 ) , stratified for cancer type . The CBT intervention included a booklet , CD plus telephone contact during a 4‐week period . Vali date d self‐report question naires were completed at baseline , 6 weeks and 32 weeks after r and omisation . The primary outcome was HFNS problem rating ( perceived burden of HFNS ) at 6 weeks after r and omisation . Potential moderators and mediators were examined . Data analysis was conducted on a modified intention‐to‐treat basis . Results Compared with TAU , CBT significantly reduced HFNS problem rating ( adjusted mean difference : −1.33 , 95 % CI −2.07 to −0.58 ; p = 0.001 ) and HFNS frequency ( −12.12 , 95 % CI −22.39 to −1.84 ; p = 0.02 ) at 6 weeks . Improvements were maintained at 32 weeks , but group differences did not reach significance . There were significant reductions in negative HFNS Beliefs and Behaviours  following CBT , but not in mood or quality of life . Conclusions Guided self‐help CBT appears to be a safe and effective brief treatment for men who have problematic HFNS following prostate cancer treatments . Further research might test the efficacy of the intervention in a multicentre trial . © 2015 The Authors . Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Background And rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) for prostate cancer ( PCa ) is associated with several side effects , including loss of muscle mass . Muscle atrophy is associated with reduced mitochondrial function and increased muscle cellular stress that may be counteracted by strength training . Thus , the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on mitochondrial proteins and indicators of muscle cellular stress in PCa patients on ADT . Methods Men diagnosed with locally advanced PCa receiving ADT were r and omised to a strength training group ( STG ) ( n=16 ) or a control group ( CG ) ( n=15 ) for 16 weeks . Muscle biopsies were collected pre- and post-intervention from the vastus lateralis muscle , and analysed for mitochondrial proteins ( citrate synthase , cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV ( COXIV ) , HSP60 ) and indicators of muscle cellular stress ( heat shock protein ( HSP ) 70 , alpha B-crystallin , HSP27 , free ubiquitin , and total ubiquitinated proteins ) using Western blot and ELISA . Results No significant intervention effects were observed in any of the mitochondrial proteins or indicators of muscle cellular stress . However , within-group analysis revealed that the level of HSP70 was reduced in the STG and a tendency towards a reduction in citrate synthase levels was observed in the CG . Levels of total ubiquitinated proteins were unchanged in both groups . Conclusion Although reduced HSP70 levels indicated reduced muscle cellular stress in the STG , the lack of an intervention effect precluded any clear conclusions Background : Treatment of prostate cancer with and rogen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) is associated with metabolic changes that have been linked to an increase in cardiovascular risk . Methods : This r and omised controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included supervised exercise training and dietary advice on markers of cardiovascular risk in 50 men on long-term ADT recruited to an on-going study investigating the effects of such a lifestyle intervention on quality of life . Participants were r and omly allocated to receive the intervention or usual care . Cardiovascular outcomes included endothelial function ( flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD ) of the brachial artery ) , blood pressure , body composition and serum lip 
    Output:
    
It is not possible to draw one conclusion on the effect of exercise-based interventions , but noted on several adverse effects of ADT improvement .
Further studies are necessary to develop personalized lifestyle interventions in order to mitigate the adverse effects