***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective This study aims to determine the efficacy of yoga in alleviating vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) frequency and bother . Methods This study was a three-by-two factorial , r and omized controlled trial . Eligible women were r and omized to yoga ( n = 107 ) , exercise ( n = 106 ) , or usual activity ( n = 142 ) , and were simultaneously r and omized to a double-blind comparison of & ohgr;-3 fatty acid ( n = 177 ) or placebo ( n = 178 ) capsules .  Yoga intervention consisted of 12 weekly 90-minute yoga classes with daily home practice . Primary outcomes were VMS frequency and bother assessed by daily diaries at baseline , 6 weeks , and 12 weeks . Secondary outcomes included insomnia symptoms ( Insomnia Severity Index ) at baseline and 12 weeks . Results Among 249 r and omized women , 237 ( 95 % ) completed 12-week assessment s. The mean baseline VMS frequency was 7.4 per day ( 95 % CI , 6.6 to 8.1 ) in the yoga group and 8.0 per day ( 95 % CI , 7.3 to 8.7 ) in the usual activity group . Intent-to-treat analyses included all participants with response data ( n = 237 ) . There was no difference between intervention groups in the change in VMS frequency from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks ( mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] from baseline at 6 wk , −0.3 [ 95 % CI , −1.1 to 0.5 ] ; mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] from baseline at 12 wk , −0.3 [ 95 % CI , −1.2 to 0.6 ] ; P = 0.119 across both time points ) . Results were similar for VMS bother . At week 12 , yoga was associated with an improvement in insomnia symptoms ( mean difference [ yoga − usual activity ] in the change in Insomnia Severity Index , 1.3 [ 95 % CI , −2.5 to −0.1 ] ; P = 0.007 ) . Conclusions Among healthy women , 12 weeks of yoga class plus home practice , compared with usual activity , do not improve VMS frequency or bother but reduce insomnia symptoms Objective The practice of yoga has been proven to have positive effects on reducing  insomnia . Studies have also shown its effects on reducing climacteric symptoms . To date , however , no studies that evaluate the effects of yoga on postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of insomnia in a r and omized clinical trial have been conducted . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga practice on the physical and mental health and climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of insomnia . Methods Postmenopausal women not undergoing hormone therapy , who were 50 to 65 years old , who had an apnea-hypopnea index less than 15 , and who had a diagnosis of insomnia were r and omly assigned to one of three groups , as follows : control , passive stretching , and yoga . Question naires were administered before and 4 months after the intervention to evaluate quality of life , anxiety and depression symptoms , climacteric symptoms , insomnia severity , daytime sleepiness , and stress . The volunteers also underwent polysomnography .  The study lasted 4 months . Results There were 44 volunteers at the end of the study . When compared with the control group , the yoga group had significantly lower posttreatment scores for climacteric symptoms and insomnia severity and higher scores for quality of life and resistance phase of stress . The reduction in insomnia severity in the yoga group was significantly higher than that in the control and passive-stretching groups . Conclusions This study showed that a specific sequence of yoga might be effective in reducing insomnia and menopausal symptoms as well as improving quality of life in postmenopausal women with insomnia Research suggests that stress‐reduction programs tailored to the cancer setting help patients cope with the effects of treatment and improve their quality of life .  Yoga , an ancient Eastern science , incorporates stress‐reduction techniques that include regulated breathing , visual imagery , and meditation as well as various postures . The authors examined the effects of the  Tibetan yoga ( TY ) practice s of Tsa lung and Trul khor , which incorporate  controlled breathing and visualization , mindfulness techniques  , and low‐impact postures  in patients with lymphoma Objective . To examine the effects of yoga versus an educational film program on sleep , mood , perceived stress , and sympathetic activation in older women with RLS . Methods . Participants were drawn from a larger trial regarding the effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk profiles in overweight , sedentary postmenopausal women . Seventy-five women were r and omized to receive either an 8-week yoga ( n = 38 ) or educational film ( n = 37 ) program . All 75 participants completed an RLS screening question naire . The 20 women who met all four diagnostic criteria for RLS ( n = 10 yoga , 10 film group ) comprised the population for this nested study . Main outcomes assessed pre- and post-treatment included : sleep ( Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ) , stress ( Perceived Stress Scale ) , mood ( Profile of Mood States , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ) , blood pressure , and heart rate . Results . The yoga group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than controls in multiple domains of sleep quality and mood , and significantly greater reductions in insomnia prevalence , anxiety , perceived stress , and blood pressure ( all P's≤0.05 ) . Adjusted intergroup effect sizes for psychosocial variables were large , ranging from 1.9 for state anxiety to 2.6 for sleep quality . Conclusions . These preliminary findings suggest yoga may offer an effective intervention for improving sleep , mood , perceived stress , and blood pressure in older women with RLS OBJECTIVES The study objectives were to examine the effect of a 12-week 30-minute-a-day Ping Shuai Qigong exercise program on climacteric symptoms and sleep quality  in perimenopausal women . DESIGN This was a prospect i ve observational study . SETTING S/LOCATION The subjects ( N=70 ) from two communities were women aged 45 years and above who were experiencing menopausal symptoms . SUBJECTS Thirty-five ( 35 ) women from one community were assigned to a Ping Shuai Qigong intervention group , while 35 women from the other community were assigned to the control group .  INTERVENTIONS This was a 12-week , 30-minute-a-day Ping Shuai Qigong program . OUTCOME MEASURES The Greene Climacteric Symptom scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were the outcome measures . METHODS Descriptive analysis and repeated- measures analysis of variance were used . RESULTS Pretest scores at baseline found no significant group differences in climacteric symptoms or sleep quality . Significant improvements in climacteric symptoms were found at 6 weeks and 12 weeks ( t=4.07 , p<0.001 and t=11.83 , p<0.001 ) in the intervention group . They were also found to have significant improvements in sleep quality in those times ( t=5.93 , p<0.001 and t=10.58 , p<0.001 , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS Ping Shuai Qigong improved climacteric symptoms and sleep quality in perimenopausal women at 6 weeks and 12 weeks . The longer a person practice d this form of meditative exercise , the greater the improvement in sleeping quality and climacteric symptoms OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) for chronic insomnia and combined depressive or anxiety symptoms of older adults aged 75 years and over . DESIGN A r and omized , controlled , single-blind clinical trial . PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants included 60 adults aged 75 years and over with chronic insomnia . Participants were r and omly assigned to the eight-week MBSR group or the wait-list control group . Assessment s using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) , Self-rating Anxiety Sale ( SAS ) , and Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) were taken at baseline and post-treatment . For each outcome measure , a repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect changes across assessment s. RESULTS There was a significant time × group interaction for the PSQI global score ( P = .006 ) ; the MBSR group had a decrease in the PSQI global score ( Cohen׳s d = 1.12 ) , while the control group did not ( Cohen׳s d = -0.06 ) . Among the PSQI components , there was a significant time × group interaction for daytime dysfunction ( P = .048 ) ; Cohen׳s d of the MBSR group was 0.76 , while Cohen׳s d of control group was -0.04 . There was no significant time × group interaction for the SAS score ( P = .116 ) , while for the GDS there was a significant time × group interaction ( P = .039 ) ; the Cohen׳s d value for the MBSR group was 1.20 , and it was 0.12 for the control group . CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the MBSR program could be a beneficial treatment for chronic insomnia in adults aged 75 years and older Background Many breast cancer survivors experience fatigue , mood , and sleep disturbances .  Purpose This study aims to compare a meditative movement practice , Qigong/Tai Chi Easy ( QG/TCE ) with sham Qigong ( SQG ) , testing effects of meditation/breath aspects of QG/TCE on breast cancer survivors ’ persistent fatigue and other symptoms . Methods This double-blind , r and omized controlled trial tested 12 weeks of QG/TCE versus SQG on fatigue , depression , and sleep among 87 postmenopausal , fatigued breast cancer survivors , stages 0–III , age 40–75 .  Results Fatigue decreased significantly in the QG/TCE group compared to control at post-intervention ( p = 0.005 ) and 3 months follow-up ( p = 0.024 ) , but not depression and sleep quality . Improvement occurred over time for both interventions in depression and sleep quality ( all p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions QG/TCE showed significant improvement over time compared to SQG  for fatigue , but not depression or sleep . Both QG/TCE and SQG showed improvement for two prevalent symptoms among breast cancer survivors , depression and sleep dysfunction STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine effects of yoga and aerobic exercise compared with usual activity on objective assessment s of sleep in midlife women . METHODS Secondary analyses of a r and omized controlled trial in the Menopause Strategies : Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health ( MsFLASH ) network conducted among 186 late transition and postmenopausal women aged 40 - 62 y with hot flashes . Women were r and omized to 12 w of  yoga , supervised aerobic exercise , or usual activity . The mean and coefficient of variation ( CV ) of change in actigraph sleep measures from each intervention group were compared to the usual activity group using linear regression models . RESULTS Baseline values of the primary sleep measures for the entire sample were mean total sleep time ( TST ) = 407.5 ± 56.7 min ; mean wake after sleep onset ( WASO ) = 54.6 ± 21.8 min ; mean CV for WASO = 37.7 ± 18.7 and mean CV for number of long awakenings > 5 min = 81.5 ± 46.9 . Changes in the actigraphic sleep outcomes from baseline to weeks 11 - 12 were small , and none differed between groups . In an exploratory analysis , women with baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index higher than 8 had significantly reduced TST-CV  following yoga compared with usual activity . CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the currently scant literature on objective sleep outcomes  from yoga and aerobic exercise interventions for this population . Although small effects on self-reported sleep quality were previously reported , the interventions had no statistically significant effects on actigraph measures , except for potentially improved sleep stability with yoga in women with poor self-reported sleep quality Yoga may be effective in the reduction of PTSD symptomology . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Kundalini Yoga ( KY ) treatment on PTSD symptoms and overall wellbeing . To supplement the current field of inquiry , a pilot r and omized control trial ( RCT ) was conducted comparing an 8-session KY intervention with a waitlist control group .  80 individuals with current PTSD symptoms participated . Both groups demonstrated changes in PTSD symptomology but yoga participants showed greater changes in measures of sleep , positive affect , perceived stress , anxiety , stress , and resilience . Between-groups effect sizes were small to moderate ( 0.09–0.25 ) . KY may be an adjunctive or alternative intervention for PTSD . Findings indicate the need for further yoga research to better underst and the mechanism of yoga in relation to mental and physical health , gender and ethnic comparisons , and short- and long-term yoga practice for psychiatric conditions STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of a novel behavioral intervention , Tai Chi Chih , to promote sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep complaints . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial with 16 weeks of teaching followed by practice and assessment 9 weeks later . The main outcome measure was sleep quality , as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) . SETTING General community at 2 sites in the US between 2001 and 20 
    Output:
    
We analyzed the effects of tai chi and qigong separately as two different MBTs for the first time and found that qigong had a slight advantage over tai chi in the improvement of sleep quality .
Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of MBTs on sleep quality in healthy individuals was larger than clinical population s. The effect of MBTs might be influenced by the intervention duration but not the frequency .
Conclusions MBTs can be effective in treating insomnia and improving sleep quality for healthy individuals and clinical patients .