***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
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    Input: Sixty-eight preterm infants ( M GA=30 weeks ) were r and omly assigned to a moderate or to a light pressure massage therapy group to receive 15 massages three times per day for 5 days . Behavior state , stress behaviors and heart rate were recorded for 15min before and during the first 15-min therapy session . Weight gain was recorded over the 5-day therapy period . The moderate versus light pressure massage group gained significantly more weight per day . During the behavior observations the moderate versus light pressure massage group showed significantly lower increases from the pre-session to the session recording on : ( 1 ) active sleep ; ( 2 ) fussing ; ( 3 ) crying ; ( 4 ) movement ; and ( 5 ) stress behavior ( hiccupping ) . They also showed a smaller decrease in deep sleep , a greater decrease in heart rate and a greater increase in vagal tone . Thus , the moderate pressure massage therapy group appeared to be more relaxed and less aroused than the light pressure massage group which may have contributed to the greater weight gain of the moderate pressure massage therapy group PURPOSE Premature infants lack the tactile stimulation they would have otherwise experienced in the womb . Infant massage is a developmentally supportive intervention that has been documented for several decades to have a positive effect on both full term and preterm infants . The purpose of this study was to assess the short and long term benefits of massage on stable preterm infants . METHODS A quasi experimental design was used , 66 infants were recruited from two university hospitals with tertiary level NICUs ; 32 infants received the massage therapy by their mothers . Data collection by a research er blind to the infants ' group assignments included weight at discharge , pain responses on the PIPP scale at discharge , length of stay in hospital , neuro-developmental outcome ( Bayley scores ) and breastfeeding duration at 12 months corrected age . RESULTS Infants who were massaged had significantly lower scores on the PIPP after a heel-stick compared to before the massage and had lower PIPP scores at discharge compared to the control group . Massaged infants had higher cognitive scores at 12 months corrected age . Weight gain , length of stay , breastfeeding duration and motor scores did not differ between groups . CONCLUSION Stable preterm infants benefit from massage therapy given by their mothers and may be a culturally acceptable form of intervention to improve the outcomes of preterm infants OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of infant massage compared with that of a crib vibrator in the treatment of infantile colic . METHODS Infants < 7 weeks of age and perceived as colicky by their parents were r and omly assigned to an infant massage group ( n = 28 ) or a crib vibrator group ( n = 30 ) . Three daily intervention periods were recommended in both groups . Parents recorded infant crying and given interventions in a structured cry diary that was kept for 1 week before ( baseline ) and for 3 weeks during the intervention . Parents were interviewed after the first and third weeks of intervention to obtain their evaluation of the effectiveness of the given massage or crib vibration . RESULTS At baseline , the mean amount of total crying was 3.6 ( st and ard deviation : 1.4 ) hours/day in the massage group infants and 4.2 ( 2.0 ) hours/day in the vibrator group infants . The mean amount of colicky crying was 2.1 ( st and ard deviation : 1.1 ) hours/day and 2.9 ( 1.5 ) hours/day , respectively . The mean number of daily intervention periods was 2.2 in both groups . Over the 4-week study , the amount of total and colicky crying decreased significantly in both intervention groups . The reduction in crying was similar in the study groups : total crying decreased by a mean 48 % in the massage group and by 47 % in the vibrator group , and colicky crying decreased by 64 % and 52 % , respectively . The amount of other crying ( total crying minus colicky crying ) remained stable in both groups over the intervention . Ninety-three percent of the parents in both groups reported that colic symptoms decreased over the 3-week intervention , and 61 % of the parents in the massage group and 63 % of the parents in the crib vibrator group perceived the 3-week intervention as colic reducing . CONCLUSIONS Infant massage was comparable to the use of a crib vibrator in reducing crying in colicky infants . We suggest that the decrease of total and colicky crying in the present study reflects more the natural course of early infant crying and colic than a specific effect of the interventions BACKGROUND The method of " massage therapy " has consistently shown increased weight gain in preterm infants . The weight gain was apparent during massages administered by professionals . AIMS To replicate the results of increased weight gain in the course of " massage therapy " in preterm infants , and utilize a new , cost-effective application of this method by comparing maternal to nonmaternal administration of the therapy . STUDY DESIGN R and om cluster design . SUBJECTS The study comprised 57 healthy , preterm infants assigned to three groups : two treatment groups -- one in which the mothers performed the massage , and the other in which a professional female figure unrelated to the infant administered the treatment . Both these groups were compared to a control group . RESULTS Over the 10-day study period , the two treatment groups gained significantly more weight compared to the control group ( 291.3 and 311.3 vs. 225.5 g , respectively ) . Calorie intake/kg did not differ between groups . CONCLUSIONS Mothers are able to achieve the same effect size as that of trained professionals , allowing cost-effective application of the treatment within the neonatal intensive care unit PURPOSE . To determine the feasibility of implementing an infant massage intervention and to evaluate the preliminary effects of infant massage on HIV-infected mothers and their infants . DESIGN AND METHODS . In this two-group , r and omized controlled pilot study , intervention group mothers were taught to perform infant massage daily for 10 weeks . RESULTS . Infant massage training had a positive impact on maternal depression , parental distress , and infant growth along with facilitating more optimal parent-child interactions . PRACTICE IMPLICATION S. Infant massage , a quick , easy , and inexpensive intervention , is feasible in a clinic setting and may benefit human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers and their infants Background : Infants with neonatal cerebral insults are susceptible to excessive crying as a result of difficulties with self-regulation . Aims : To compare the effectiveness of swaddling versus massage therapy in the management of excessive crying of infants with cerebral insults . Methods : R and omised three-week parallel comparison of the efficacy of two intervention methods . Infants with symptoms of troublesome crying and their parents were r and omly assigned to a swaddling intervention group ( n = 13 ) or a massage intervention group ( n = 12 ) . Results : The amount of total daily crying decreased significantly in the swaddling group , but did not decrease significantly in the massage group . Infant behavioural profiles and maternal anxiety levels improved significantly in the swaddling group post-intervention . Parents in the swaddling group were more satisfied with the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing crying than parents in the massage group . Conclusion : Results indicate that swaddling may be more effective than massage intervention in reducing crying in infants with cerebral injuries ABSTRACT . The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on phase adjustment of rest-activity and melatonin secretion rhythms to the nocturnal period in full-term infants . Rest-activity cycles of infants ( measurement 1 , n = 16 ) were measured by actigraphy before and after 14 days of massage therapy ( starting at age 10 [ ±4 ] d ) and subsequently at 6 and 8 weeks of age . 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin excretion was assessed in urine sample s at 6 , 8 , and 12 weeks of age ( measurement 2 , n = 21 ) . At 8 weeks the controls revealed one peak of activity at approximately 12 midnight ( 11 p.m.–3 a.m. ) and another one at approximately 12 noon ( 11 a.m.–3 p.m. ) , whereas in the treated group , a major peak was early in the morning ( 3 a.m.–7 a.m. ) and a secondary peak in the late afternoon ( 3 p.m.–7 p.m. ) . At 12 weeks , nocturnal 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretions were significantly higher in the treated infants ( 1346.38 ± 209.40 μg/night vs 823.25 ± 121.25 μg/night , respectively;p < .05 ) . It is concluded that massage therapy by mothers in the perinatal period serves as a strong time cue , enhancing coordination of the developing circadian system with environmental cues BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to investigate if massage with oils commonly used in the community for massage in infancy is beneficial . METHODS Full term born healthy infants ( n = 125 ) , 6 + /- 1 wk of age , wt > 3000 g were r and omly divided into five groups . Infants received ( i ) herbal oil , ( ii ) sesame oil , ( iii ) mustard oil , or ( iv ) mineral oil for massage daily for 4 wk . The fifth group did not receive massage and served as control . The study tools were anthropometeric measurements ; microhaematrocrit ; serum proteins , creatinine and creatine phosphokinase ; blood flow using colour doppler and sleep pattern . RESULTS Massage improved the weight , length , and midarm and midleg circumferences as compared to infants without massage . However , in the group with sesame oil massage increase in length , midarm and midleg circumferences by 1.0 , 0.9 and 0.7 cm , respectively was significant ( P < 0.05 , < 0.01 & < 0.05 ) . There was no change in microhaematocrit , serum : proteins , albumin , creatinine and creatine phosphokinase between both the groups . The femoral artery blood velocity , diameter and flow improved significantly by 12.6 cm/sec , 0.6 cm and 3.55 cm3/sec respectively in the group with sesame oil massage as compared to the control group . Massage improved the post massage sleep , the maximum being 1.62 h in the sesame oil group ( P < 0.0001 ) . INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Massage in infancy improves growth and post-massage sleep . However , only sesame oil showed significant benefit Objective To study the effect of oil massage on growth in preterm babies less than 1800 g. Methods This r and omised controlled trial was conducted in Neonatal intensive care unit of a level II hospital . Neonates with birth weight < 1800 g , gestation < 35 wk and < 48 h of age at enrolment were included in the studies . Eligible neonates were r and omized to one of the two groups ( a ) Oil massage along with st and ard care of low birth weight ( b ) St and ard care of low birth weight without massage . Weight , length and head circumference was measured in the two groups at 7 d intervals . Serum triglyceride levels were measured at enrolment and at completion of study . Primary outcome variable was weight gain at 28 d after enrolment . Results A total of forty-eight neonates were r and omisd to either oil massage group ( n = 25 ) or st and ard care of low birth weight without massage group ( n = 23 ) . Mean ( SD ) weight of babies in the two groups was 1466.4 ± 226.8 g in oil massage group and 1416.6 ± 229.9 g in the control group . At 28 d , weight gain in the oil massage group ( 476.76 ± 47.9 g ) was higher compared to the control group ( 334.96 ± 46.4 g ) ( p < 0.05 ) . At 7 d , less weight loss ( 7.80 ± 9.8 g ) was observed in babies in oil massage group compared to control group ( 21.52 ± 19.4 g ) ( p = 0.003 ) . However , there was no significant difference in serum triglycerides and other anthropometric parameters . Conclusions Oil application has a potential to improve weight gain and cause less weight loss in first 7 d in low birth weight OBJECTIVE To study the effect of oil massage on growth and neurobehavior in preterm babies less than 1500 g. DESIGN R and omized Controlled Trial . SETTING Tertiary level neonatal unit of a teaching hospital . SUBJECTS Neonates with birth weight < 1500 grams , gestation > 37 weeks , receiving enteral feeds of at least 100 mL/kg/day and less than 10 days of age . OUTCOME VARIABLES Primary -Weight gain 28 days after enrolment . Secondary -Neonatal neurobehavior , change in other anthropometry and serum triglycerides . METHODS Eligible neonates were r and omized to one of the three groups ( a ) massage with oil ( b ) massage without oil and ( c ) no massage . Weight , length , head circumference and triceps skin fold thickness were measured in the three groups at regular intervals . Serum triglyceride levels were measured at enrolment and at completion . Neurobehavior using Brazeltons Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale ( NBAS ) was assessed at enrolment and after 10 days of intervention . RESULTS Weight gain in the oil massage group 
    Output:
    
RESULTS Benefits of massage for term infants are : improved weight gain , growth , and sleep and decreased hyperbilirubinemia .
Benefits for preterm infants are : improved weight gain , decreased response to pain , and increased interactions with parents .