***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background Fatigue or lack of interest can reduce the feasibility of intensive physical exercise in nursing home residents .  Low-volume exercise interventions with similar training effects might be an alternative . The aim of this r and omised controlled trial was to investigate the feasibility of Whole Body Vibration ( WBV ) in institutionalised elderly , and its impact on functional capacity and muscle performance . Methods Twenty-four nursing home residents ( 15 female , 9 male ; mean age 77.5 ± 11.0 years ) were r and omised ( stratification for age , gender and ADL-category ) to 6 weeks static WBV exercise ( WBV+ , N = 13 ) or control ( only static exercise ; N = 11 ) . Outcome measures were exercise compliance , timed up- and -go , Tinetti-test , back scratch , chair sit- and -reach , h and grip strength and linear isokinetic leg extension . Results At baseline , WBV+ and control groups were similar for all outcome variables . Twenty-one participants completed the program and attended respectively 96 % and 86 % of the exercise sessions for the WBV+ and control groups . Training-induced changes in timed up- and -go and Tinetti-test were better for WBV+ compared to control ( p = 0.029 for timed up- and -go , p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 for Tinetti body balance and total score respectively ) . In an alternative analysis ( Worst Rank Score & Last Observation Carried Forward ) the differences in change remained significant on the Tinetti body balance and total score . No other significant differences in change between both groups were observed . Conclusion In nursing home residents with limited functional dependency , six weeks static WBV exercise is feasible , and is beneficial for balance and mobility . The supplementary benefit of WBV on muscle performance compared to classic exercise remains to be explored further BACKGROUND whole-body vibration training may improve neuromuscular function , falls risk and bone density , but previous studies have had conflicting findings . OBJECTIVE this study aim ed to evaluate the influence of vertical vibration ( VV ) and side-alternating vibration ( SV ) on musculoskeletal health in older people at risk of falls . DESIGN single-blind , r and omised , controlled trial comparing vibration training to sham vibration ( Sham ) in addition to usual care . PARTICIPANTS participants were 61 older people ( 37 women and 24 men ) , aged 80.2 + 6.5 years , referred to an outpatient falls prevention service . METHODS participants were r and omly assigned to VV , SV or Sham in addition to the usual falls prevention programme . Participants were requested to attend three vibration sessions per week for 12 weeks , with sessions increasing to six , 1 min bouts of vibration . Falls risk factors and neuromuscular tests were assessed , and blood sample s collected for determination of bone turnover , at baseline and following the intervention . RESULTS chair st and time , timed-up- and -go time , fear of falling , NEADL index and postural sway with eyes open improved in the Sham group . There were significantly greater gains in leg power in the VV than in the Sham group and in bone formation in SV and VV compared with the Sham group . Conversely , body sway improved less in the VV than in the Sham group . Changes in falls risk factors did not differ between the groups . CONCLUSIONS whole-body vibration increased leg power and bone formation , but it did not provide any additional benefits to balance or fall risk factors beyond a falls prevention programme in older people at risk of falls OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of 24 weeks of whole-body-vibration ( WBV ) training on knee-extension strength and speed of movement and on counter-movement jump performance in older women . DESIGN A r and omized , controlled trial . SETTING Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory , Leuven , Belgium . PARTICIPANTS Eighty-nine postmenopausal women , off hormone replacement therapy , aged 58 to 74 , were r and omly assigned to a WBV group ( n=30 ) , a resistance-training group ( RES , n=30 ) , or a control group ( n=29 ) . INTERVENTION The WBV group and the RES group trained three times a week for 24 weeks . The WBV group performed unloaded static and dynamic knee-extensor exercises on a vibration platform , which provokes reflexive muscle activity . The RES group trained knee-extensors by performing dynamic leg-press and leg-extension exercises increasing from low ( 20 repetitions maximum ( RM ) ) to high ( 8RM ) resistance . The control group did not participate in any training . MEASUREMENTS Pre- , mid- ( 12 weeks ) , and post- ( 24 weeks ) isometric strength and dynamic strength of knee extensors were measured using a motor-driven dynamometer . Speed of movement of knee extension was assessed using an external resistance equivalent to 1 % , 20 % , 40 % , and 60 % of isometric maximum . Counter-movement jump performance was determined using a contact mat . RESULTS Isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength increased significantly ( P<.001 ) in the WBV group ( mean+/-st and ard error 15.0+/-2.1 % and 16.1+/-3.1 % , respectively ) and the RES group ( 18.4+/-2.8 % and 13.9+/-2.7 % , respectively ) after 24 weeks of training , with the training effects not significantly different between the groups ( P=.558 ) . Speed of movement of knee extension significantly increased at low resistance ( 1 % or 20 % of isometric maximum ) in the WBV group only ( 7.4+/-1.8 % and 6.3+/-2.0 % , respectively ) after 24 weeks of training , with no significant differences in training effect between the WBV and the RES groups ( P=.391 ; P=.142 ) . Counter-movement jump height enhanced significantly ( P<.001 ) in the WBV group ( 19.4+/-2.8 % ) and the RES group ( 12.9+/-2.9 % ) after 24 weeks of training . Most of the gain in knee-extension strength and speed of movement and in counter-movement jump performance had been realized after 12 weeks of training . CONCLUSION WBV is a suitable training method and is as efficient as conventional RES training to improve knee-extension strength and speed of movement and counter-movement jump performance in older women . As previously shown in young women , it is suggested that the strength gain in older women is mainly due to the vibration stimulus and not only to the unloaded exercises performed on the WBV platform A r and omized controlled trial was conducted to clarify the beneficial effect of whole body vibration ( WBV ) exercise plus squat training on body balance , muscle power , and walking ability in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis and /or spondylosis . Of 35 ambulatory patients ( 14 men and 21 women ) who were recruited at our outpatient clinic , 28 ( 80.0 % , 12 men and 16 women ) participated in the trial . The subjects ( mean age 72.4 years ) were r and omly divided into two groups ( n=14 in each group ) , ie , a WBV exercise alone group and a WBV exercise plus squat training group . A 4-minute WBV exercise ( frequency 20 Hz ) was performed 2 days per week in both groups ; squat training ( 20 times per minute ) was added during the 4-minute WBV training session in the WBV exercise plus squat training group . The duration of the trial was 6 months . The exercise and training program was safe and well tolerated . WBV exercise alone improved indices of body balance and walking velocity from baseline values . However , WBV exercise plus squat training was more effective for improving t and em gait step number and chair-rising time compared with WBV exercise alone . These results suggest the benefit and safety of WBV exercise plus squat training for improving physical function in terms of body balance and muscle power in the elderly OBJECTIVE To test whether training on a high-frequency ( 28Hz ) vibrating platform improves muscle power and bone characteristics in postmenopausal women . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up . SETTING Outpatient clinic in a general hospital in Italy . PARTICIPANTS Twenty-nine postmenopausal women ( intervention group , n=14 ; matched controls , n=15 ) . INTERVENTION Participants stood on a ground-based oscillating platform for three 2-minute sessions for a total of 6 minutes per training session , twice weekly for 6 months . The controls did not receive any training . Both groups were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle power , calculated from ground reaction forces produced by l and ing after jumping as high as possible on a forceplate , cortical bone density , and biomarkers of bone turnover . RESULTS Over 6 months , muscle power improved by about 5 % in women who received the intervention , and it remained unchanged in controls ( P=.004 ) . Muscle force remained stable in both the intervention and control groups . No significant changes were observed in bone characteristics . CONCLUSION Reflex muscular contractions induced by vibration training improve muscle power in postmenopausal women OBJECTIVE To evaluate the residual effects of fitness and whole-body vibration ( WBV ) training in older men 1 year after completion of the interventions . DESIGN A 1-year follow-up of a r and omized controlled trial comparing the effects of 1 year of fitness training , including combined resistance and aerobic ( R+A ) training and WBV training , with a control ( CON ) group . SETTING University training center . PARTICIPANTS Adult men ( N=72 ) between 60 and 80 years of age . Response rate was 80 % , 92 % , and 90 % in the R+A training ( n=20 ) , WBV training ( n=23 ) , and CON ( n=29 ) groups , respectively . INTERVENTIONS The intervention groups exercised 3 times weekly during 1 year . The R+A training group performed a st and ard training program , combining resistance exercises and aerobic training , following the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines . The WBV training group performed unloaded static and dynamic leg exercises on a vibration platform . The CON group did not participate in any training program . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle volume , isometric and concentric muscle strength , muscle quality , and muscle power . RESULTS Both interventions had result ed in comparable increases in muscle quality characteristics . No significant changes had been found in the CON group . During the 1-year follow-up period , the R+A ( -4.05 % , P=.006 ) and WBV ( -2.45 % , P<.0001 ) training groups had lost most of their gains in muscle volume . However , isometric muscle strength was preserved in the R+A training group ( + 1.65 % , P=.745 ) , result ing in an increase in muscle quality ( + 7.97 % , P=.034 ) . In the WBV training group , muscle power decreased ( -6.10 % , P<.0001 ) but remained significantly higher than at baseline ( P=.038 ) . Except for a strong decrease in muscle power , no significant changes were found in the CON group . CONCLUSIONS One year of R+A and /or WBV training can equally reverse the adverse effects of aging on muscle quality in older men , but their residual impact after follow-up is different PURPOSE The effects of different types of whole body vibration ( WBV ) training on neuromuscular performance and body composition were determined in postmenopausal women . METHODS In the Erlangen Longitudinal Vibration Study II ( ELVIS-II- Study ) 108 postmenopausal women between 60 and 75 years of age ( average 65.8 ± 3.5 years ) were r and omly assigned to one of three groups : two WBV training-groups ( n = 36 each ) , each performing an identical program thrice a week for 15 min on two different types of vibration plates for one year : 1 . vertical vibrating , 35 Hz , 1.7 mm ( VG ) ; 2 . rotational vibrating 12.5 Hz , 12 mm ( RG ) . A control group ( n = 36 ) conducted a low intensity gymnastic and relaxation program .  Muscular strength and power were assessed , body composition was determined by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) , and pain intensity was assessed by a question naire . RESULTS Maximum leg strength ( VG : 24.4 % ; RG : 26.6 % ; KG : 6.2 % ; p < 0.001 ) and maximum trunk flexion strength ( VG : 12.2 % ; RG : 11.5 % ; KG : -5.5 % ; p = 0.01 ) significantly increased in both vibration groups . No changes were found for body composition parameters ( lean body mass , appendicular muscle mass , fat mass ) . Pain intensity in the big joints ( p < 0.05 ) decreased in both vibration groups , in the lumbar spine region this was not significant . There was no difference between vibration types . No vibration-related side effects were observed . CONCLUSION The study results suggest that WBV might be an alternative to classic training contents to increase maximum strength and reduce pain This study was design ed to investigate the effects of vibration on muscle performance and mobility in a healthy , untrained , older population . Forty-three participants ( 23 men , 20 women , 66 - 85 y old ) performed tests of sit-to-st and ( STS ) , 5- and 10-m fast walk , timed up- and -go test , stair mobility , and strength . Participants were r and omly assigned to a vibration group , an exercise-withoutvibration 
    Output:
    
Conclusions Whole-body vibration shows beneficial effects , mainly in the No-Go group elderly compared to non-training control and conventional strength training groups .
The results suggest that WBV can be used as a skilling-up exercise in participants not able to perform st and ard exercises .