***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: The aim of this study of the present experiment was to study the marginal periimplant tissues at intentionally non-submerged ( 1-stage implants ) and initially submerged and subsequently exposed implants ( 2-stage implants ) . 5 beagle dogs , about 1-year-old , were used , 3 months after the extraction of the m and ibular premolars , fixtures of the Astra Tech Implants Dental System , the Brånemark System and the Bonefit -- ITI system were installed . In each m and ibular quadrant , 1 fixture of each implant system was installed in a r and omised order . The installation procedure followed the recommendations given in the manuals for each system . Thus , following installation , the bone crest coincided with the fixture margin of the Astra Tech Implants Dental System and the Brånemark System , whereas the border between the plasma sprayed and the machined surface of the Bonefit-ITI implant system was positioned at the level of the bone crest . Following a healing period of 3 months , abutment connection was carried out in the 2-stage systems ( the Astra Tech Implants Dental System and the Brånemark system ) . A 6-month period of plaque control was initiated . The animals were sacrificed and biopsies representing each important region dissected . The tissue sample s were prepared for light microscopy and exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements . The mucosal barrier which formed to the titanium surface following 1-stage and 2-stage implant installations comprised an epithelial and a connective tissue component , which for that 3 systems studied , had similar dimensions and composition . The amount of lamellar bone contained in the periimplant region close to the fixture part of the 3-implant systems was almost identical . It is suggested that correctly performed implant installation may ensure proper conditions for both and hard tissue healing , and that the geometry of the titanium implant seems to be of limited importance BACKGROUND Two systematic review s have evaluated the quality of research and reporting of observational studies investigating the prevalence of , the incidence of and the risk factors for peri-implant diseases and of experimental clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic interventions . MATERIAL S AND METHODS For the improvement of the quality of reporting for both observational and experimental studies , the STROBE and the Modified CONSORT recommendations were encouraged . RESULTS To improve the quality of research in peri-implant diseases , the following were recommended : the use of unequivocal case definitions ; the expression of outcomes at the subject rather than the implant level ; the implementation of study validation tools ; the reporting of potential sources of bias ; and the use of appropriate statistical methods . CONCLUSIONS In observational studies , case definitions for peri-implantitis were agreed . For risk factor determination , the progressive use of cross-sectional and case-control studies ( univariate analyses ) , to prospect i ve cohorts ( multilevel modelling for confounding ) , and ultimately to intervention studies were recommended . For preventive and interventional studies of peri-implant disease management , parallel arm RCTs of at least 6-months were encouraged . For studies of non-surgical and surgical management of peri-implantitis , the use of a composite therapeutic end point was advocated . The development of st and ard control therapies was deemed essential Patients ’ esthetic expectations are increasing , and the options of the prosthetic pathways are currently evolving . The objective of this r and omized multicenter clinical trial was to assess and compare the esthetic outcome and clinical performance of anterior maxillary all-ceramic implant crowns ( ICs ) based either on prefabricated zirconia abutments veneered with pressed ceramics or on CAD/CAM zirconia abutments veneered with h and buildup technique . The null hypothesis was that there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups . Forty implants were inserted in sites 14 to 24 ( FDI ) in 40 patients in 2 centers , the Universities of Bern and Geneva , Switzerl and . After final impression , 20 patients were r and omized into group A , restored with a 1-piece screw-retained single crown made of a prefabricated zirconia abutment with pressed ceramic as the veneering material using the cut-back technique , or group B using an individualized CAD/CAM zirconia abutment ( CARES abutment ; Institut Straumann AG ) with a h and buildup technique . At baseline , 6 mo , and 1 y clinical , esthetic and radiographic parameters were assessed . Group A exhibited 1 dropout patient and 1 failure , result ing in a survival rate of 94.7 % after 1 y , in comparison to 100 % for group B. No other complications occurred . Clinical parameters presented stable and healthy peri-implant soft tissues . Overall , no or only minimal crestal bone changes were observed with a mean DIB ( distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact ) of −0.15 mm ( group A ) and 0.12 mm ( group B ) at 1 y. There were no significant differences at baseline , 6 mo , and 1 y for DIB values between the 2 groups . Pink esthetic score ( PES ) and white esthetic score ( WES ) values at all 3 examinations indicated stability over time for both groups and pleasing esthetic outcomes . Both implant-supported prosthetic pathways represent a valuable treatment option for the restoration of single ICs in the anterior maxilla ( Clinical Trials.gov NCT02905838 ) AIM The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate radiographic , clinical and aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction of cases treated with  platform-switched single implant restorations in the aesthetic region of the maxilla . Furthermore , the influence of an augmentation procedure 3 months before implant placement and the type of restoration ( screw-retained vs. cement-retained ) was evaluated . MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were treated with a Straumann Bone Level Implant . Bone augmentation was performed in 29 patients at 3 months before implant placement . Implants were loaded after 3 months of submerged healing . Follow-up was conducted at 7 and 18 months after implant placement . Peri-implant mucosa and implant crown aesthetic outcomes were determined using the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index ( ICAI ) and the Pink Esthetic Score-White Esthetic Score ( PES-WES ) . RESULTS No implants were lost . At 18 months after implant placement , mean bone level change was -0.10 ± 0.27 mm and mean probing pocket depth was 2.57 mm . No differences were found between augmented and nonaugmented sites ( P = 0.28 ) . The ICAI indicated satisfactory mucosa and crown aesthetics in 67 % and 75 % of the cases , respectively , while the PES score was 14.4 . ICAI mucosa ( P = 0.004 ) and PES ( P = 0.02 ) scores were significantly less favourable for augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites . Patient satisfaction was high ( 8.9 ± 1.1 on VAS-score ) . CONCLUSIONS From the present prospect i ve , clinical study , it can be concluded that the Straumann Bone Level Implant shows an excellent survival rate , marginal bone stability and good clinical and aesthetic results . Bone augmentation before implant placement does not lead to more marginal bone loss . However , less favourable pink aesthetic outcomes were found in augmented sites compared with nonaugmented sites , while no differences were found between cement-retained and screw-retained restorations PURPOSE This study aims to test whether or not veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments with pink dental ceramic affects radiographic and technical outcomes of implant-supported single crowns ( ISSC ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Single tooth implants were r and omly restored with either pink-veneered zirconia abutments ( test ; n = 10 ) or non-veneered zirconia abutments ( control group ; n = 10 ) and all-ceramic crowns .  At baseline ( crown insertion ) , and 6- and 12-month radiographic and technical evaluations were performed including st and ardized x-rays and modified United States Public Health Service criteria ( technical ) . Survival and complication rates were assessed for implants and restorations . Robust linear mixed model analysis was performed to investigate the effect of group and time-point on radiographic outcomes . RESULTS At 1 year , the survival rate for implants was 100 % and 95 % for ISSC . Most of the implants were placed subcrestally . Therefore , mean marginal bone levels decreased in both groups between implant insertion and baseline ( p < .05 ) , but then remained stable up to 1 year ( test : 0.15 mm ± 0.42 mm ; control 0.23 mm ± 0.63 mm ) ( p > .005 ) . At 6 months , one minor chipping occurred in the test group . At 1 year , three crowns ( control ) exhibited occlusal roughness . In addition , one abutment fracture occurred ( test ) . The differences between test and control group were not statistically significantly different for any of the evaluated outcome measures ( p > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments did not affect biological and technical outcomes of ISSCs . Technical complications of the reconstructions , however , were frequent , result ing in a rate of 75 % of the crowns being complication free OBJECTIVES To test the survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates of customized zirconia and titanium abutments 5 years after crown insertion . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with 40 single implants in maxillary and m and ibular canine and posterior regions were included . The implant sites were r and omly assigned to zirconia abutments supporting all-ceramic crowns or titanium abutments supporting metal-ceramic crowns . Clinical examinations were performed at baseline , and at 6 , 12 , 36 and 60 months of follow-up . The abutments and reconstructions were examined for technical and /or biological complications . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) and Bleeding on Probing ( BOP ) were assessed at abutments ( test ) and analogous contralateral teeth ( control ) . Radiographs of the implants revealed the bone level ( BL ) on mesial ( mBL ) and distal sides ( dBL ) . Data were statistically analyzed with nonparametric mixed models provided by Brunner and Langer and STATA ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS Eighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were available at a mean follow-up of 5.6 years ( range 4.5 - 6.3 years ) . No abutment fracture or loss of a reconstruction occurred . Hence , the survival rate was 100 % for both . Survival of implants supporting zirconia abutments was 88.9 % and 90 % for implants supporting titanium abutments . Chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred at three metal-ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments . No significant differences were found at the zirconia and titanium abutments for PPD ( meanPPDZrO2 3.3 ± 0.6 mm , mPPDTi 3.6 ± 1.1 mm ) , PCR ( mPCRZrO2 0.1 ± 0.3 , mPCRTi 0.3 ± 0.2 ) and BOP ( mBOPZrO2 0.5 ± 0.3 , mBOPTi 0.6 ± 0.3 ) . Moreover , the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( mBLZrO2 1.8 ± 0.5 , dBLZrO2 2.0 ± 0.8 ; mBLTi 2.0 ± 0.8 , dBLTi 1.9 ± 0.8 ) . CONCLUSIONS There were no statistically or clinical ly relevant differences between the 5-year survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates  of zirconia and titanium abutments in posterior regions PURPOSE This is a 2-year report from an ongoing prospect i ve 5-year multicenter study . The aim of the study was to evaluate the short- and long-term clinical function of CerAdapt ceramic abutments supporting short-span fixed partial dentures ( FPD ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Initially , 105 Brånemark System implants were placed in a total of 32 patients at 3 different clinics . After initial healing 103 implants remained . For the support of 36 FPDs , 53 ceramic and 50 titanium abutments were connected , 19 on ceramic and 17 on titanium abutments . RESULTS All patients remained in the study after 2 years . There was a cumulative survival rate of 97.1 % for implants and a cumulative success rate of 97.2 % for FPDs ( 94.7 % for ceramic and 100 % for titanium abutment-supported FPDs ) . One of 53 ceramic but none of 50 titanium abutments failed , giving a cumulative success rate of 98.1 % and 100 % , respectively , for the abutments . Soft tissue around abutments and adjacent teeth appeared healthy . More crown margins were placed submucosally at titanium ( 31 % ) than at ceramic ( 14 % ) abutments , and the level 
    Output:
    
This systematic review has shown that the abutment material had minimal impact on marginal bone levels when compared to the st and ard titanium