***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Objective To assess the effect of a neuromuscular training program on the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team h and ball players . Design Prospect i ve intervention study . Setting Female team h and ball : Division I – III in Norway . Participants Players from the three top divisions : control season ( 1998–1999 ) , 60 teams ( 942 players ) ; first intervention season ( 1999–2000 ) , 58 teams ( 855 players ) ; second intervention season ( 2000–2001 ) , 52 teams ( 850 players ) . InterventionA five-phase program ( duration , 15 min ) with three different balance exercises focusing on neuromuscular control and planting/l and ing skills was developed and introduced to the players in the autumn of 1999 and revised before the start of the season in 2000 . The teams were instructed in the program and supplied with an instructional video , poster , six balance mats , and six wobble boards . Additionally , a physical therapist was attached to each team to follow up with the intervention program during the second intervention period . Main Outcome Measures The number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries during the three seasons and compliance with the program . Results There were  29 anterior cruciate ligament injuries  during the control season , 23 injuries during the first intervention season ( OR , 0.87 ; CI , 0.50–1.52 ; p = 0.62 ) , and 17 injuries during the second intervention season ( OR , 0.64 ; CI , 0.35–1.18 ; p = 0.15 ) . In the elite division , there were 13 injuries during the control season , six injuries during the first intervention season ( OR , 0.51 ; CI , 0.19–1.35 ; p = 0.17 ) , and five injuries in the second intervention season ( OR , 0.37 ; CI , 0.13–1.05 ; p = 0.06 ) . For the entire cohort , there was no difference in injury rates during the second intervention season between those who complied and those who did not comply ( OR , 0.52 ; CI , 0.15–1.82 ; p = 0.31 ) . In the elite division , the risk of injury was reduced among those who completed the anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program ( OR , 0.06 ; CI , 0.01–0.54 ; p = 0.01 ) compared with those who did not . Conclusions This study shows that it is possible to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries with specific neuromuscular training Abstract . This prospect i ve r and omized intervention investigated whether training on a balance board could reduce the amount of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players . A total of 221 female soccer players from 13 different teams playing in the second and third Swedish divisions volunteered to participate in the study . Seven teams ( n=121 ) were r and omized to an intervention group and six teams ( n=100 ) to a control group and were followed during one outdoor season ( April – October ) . Before and after the season muscle flexibility and balance/postural sway of the lower extremities were measured in the players . There were no significant differences in age , height , weight , muscle flexibility and balance/postural sway of the lower extremities between the intervention and the control group . During the season the players in the intervention group performed a special training program consisting of 10–15 min of balance board training in addition to their st and ard soccer practice and games . After a 37 % drop-out the intervention group consisted of 62 players and the control group of 78 players . The results showed no significant differences between the groups with respect either to the number , incidence , or type of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities . The incidence rate of " major " injuries was higher in the intervention group than in the control group . Four of five anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred in the intervention group , which means that we could not prevent severe knee injuries in female soccer players with balance board training . However , among the players who had been injured during the 3-month period prior to this investigation there were significantly more players from the control group than from the intervention group who sustained new injuries during the study period STUDY DESIGN Controlled single-group pretest/posttest design . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if a 6-week neuromuscular training program design ed to decrease the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injuries would improve single-limb postural stability in young female athletes . We hypothesized neuromuscular training would result in an improvement in postural stability , with the greatest improvement taking place in the medial-lateral direction . BACKGROUND Balance training has become a common component of programs design ed to prevent ACL injury . Rehabilitation programs can improve postural stability following ACL injury and reconstruction ; however , there is limited information available which quantifies improvement of postural stability following neuromuscular training design ed to prevent ACL injuries in a healthy population . METHODS AND MEASURES Forty-one healthy female high school athletes ( mean age , 15.3 years ; age range , 13 - 17 years ) participated in this study . Single-limb postural stability for both lower extremities was assessed with a Biodex Stability System . The neuromuscular training program consisted of three 90-minute training sessions per week for 6 weeks . Following the completion of the training program , each subject was re-evaluated to determine change in total , anterior-posterior , and medial-lateral single-limb stability . Two-way analysis of variance models were used to determine differences between pretraining and posttraining and between limbs . RESULTS The subjects showed a significant improvement in single-limb total stability ( P = .004 ) and anterior-posterior stability ( P = .001 ) , but not medial-lateral stability ( P = .650 ) for both the right and left lower extremity following training . In addition , the subjects demonstrated significantly better total postural stability on the right side as compared to the left ( P = .026 ) . CONCLUSIONS A 6-week neuromuscular training program design ed to decrease the incidence of ACL injuries improves objective measures of total and anterior-posterior single-limb postural stability in high school female athletes The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of concurrent strength and endurance training ( SE ) ( 2 plus 2 days a week ) versus strength training only ( S ) ( 2 days a week ) in men [ SE : n=11 ; 38 ( 5 ) years , S : n=16 ; 37 ( 5 ) years ] over a training period of 21 weeks . The resistance training program addressed both maximal and explosive strength components . EMG , maximal isometric force , 1 RM strength , and rate of force development ( RFD ) of the leg extensors , muscle cross-sectional area ( CSA ) of the quadriceps femoris ( QF ) throughout the lengths of 4/15–12/15 ( Lf ) of the femur , muscle fibre proportion and areas of types I , IIa , and IIb of the vastus lateralis ( VL ) , and maximal oxygen uptake ( V̇O2max ) were evaluated . No changes occurred in strength during the 1-week control period , while after the 21-week training period increases of 21 % ( p<0.001 ) and 22 % ( p<0.001 ) , and of 22 % ( p<0.001 ) and 21 % ( p<0.001 ) took place in the 1RM load and maximal isometric force in S and SE , respectively . Increases of 26 % ( p<0.05 ) and 29 % ( p<0.001 ) occurred in the maximum iEMG of the VL in S and SE , respectively . The CSA of the QF increased throughout the length of the QF ( from 4/15 to 12/15 Lf ) both in S ( p<0.05–0.001 ) and SE ( p<0.01–0.001 ) . The mean fibre areas of types I , IIa and IIb increased after the training both in S ( p<0.05 and 0.01 ) and SE ( p<0.05 and p<0.01 ) . S showed an increase in RFD ( p<0.01 ) , while no change occurred in SE . The average iEMG of the VL during the first 500 ms of the rapid isometric action increased ( p<0.05–0.001 ) only in S. V̇O2max increased by 18.5 % ( p<0.001 ) in SE . The present data do not support the concept of the universal nature of the interference effect in strength development and muscle hypertrophy when strength training is performed concurrently with endurance training , and the training volume is diluted by a longer period of time with a low frequency of training . However , the present results suggest that even the low-frequency concurrent strength and endurance training leads to interference in explosive strength development mediated in part by the limitations of rapid voluntary neural activation of the trained muscles To prospect ively evaluate the effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes , we monitored two groups of female athletes , one trained before sports participation and the other not trained , and a group of untrained male athletes throughout the high school soccer , volleyball , and basketball seasons . Weekly reports included the number of practice and competition exposures and mechanism of injury . There were 14 serious knee injuries in the 1263 athletes tracked through the study . Ten of 463 untrained female athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 8 noncontact ) , 2 of 366 trained female athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 0 noncontact ) , and 2 of 434 male athletes sustained serious knee injuries ( 1 noncontact ) . The knee injury incidence per 1000 athlete-exposures was 0.43 in untrained female athletes , 0.12 in trained female athletes , and 0.09 in male athletes ( P 0.02 , chi-square analysis ) . Untrained female athletes had a 3.6 times higher incidence of knee injury than trained female athletes ( P 0.05 ) and 4.8 times higher than male athletes ( P 0.03 ) . The incidence of knee injury in trained female athletes was not significantly different from that in untrained male athletes ( P 0.86 ) . The difference in the incidence of noncontact injuries between the female groups was also significant ( P 0.01 ) . This prospect i ve study demonstrated a decreased incidence of knee injury  in female athletes after a specific plyometric training program Background : Few authors have investigated the effectiveness of preventive intervention in European team h and ball . Purpose : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of injuries in female European team h and ball players . Study design : Prospect i ve controlled study . Methods : Ten female h and ball teams ( 134 players ) took part in the prevention program ( 1 . Information about injury mechanism , 2 . Balance-board exercises , 3 . Jump training )  while 10 other teams ( 142 players )  were instructed to train as usual . Over one season all injuries were documented weekly . Results : Ankle sprain was the most frequent diagnosis in both groups with 11 ankle sprains in the control group and 7 ankle sprains in the intervention group ( Odds ratio : 0.55 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.22–1.43 ) . The knee was the second frequent injury site . In the control group 5 of all knee injuries were anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) ruptures ( incidence : 0.21 per 1000 h ) in comparison with one in the intervention group ( incidence : 0.04 per 1000 h ) . Odds ratio was 0.17 with 95 % confidence interval of 0.02–1.5 . Conclusions : This study confirms that proprioceptive and neuromuscular training is appropriate for the prevention of knee and ankle injuries among female European team h and ball players Objective Introduction of a neuromuscular training program will increase muscle strength , balance , and proprioception in elite female h and ball players . Design Prospect i ve intervention study . Participants Thirty-five female team h and ball players from 2 teams in the elite division participated . Their mean age was 23 ( ±2.5 ) years , and their mean weight was 69.2 ( ±7.3 ) kg . They had played h and ball for 14.9 ( ±3.2 ) years , 4.7 ( ±2.8 ) years at the top level . The total number of training hours per week was 10 to 11 . InterventionBased on earlier studies and knowledge about common risk situations in team h and ball , an anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) injury prevention program with 3 different sets of exercises was developed , each set with a 5-step progression from simple to more challenging exercises . The teams were instructed to use the program a minimum of 3 times a week during a training period of 5 to 7 weeks , and then once a week during the season . The duration of each training session was approximately 15 minutes . Main outcome measures Balance ( KAT 2000 ) , proprioception ( threshold to detection of passive motion ) , muscle strength ( Cybex 6000 ) , and 3 functional knee tests . The players were tested pretraining ( test 1 ) and 8 weeks ( test 2 ) and 12 months ( test 3 ) after the training started . Results There was a significant improvement in dynamic balance between test 1 and test 2 , with a balance index ( BI ) of 924 ( ±225 ) and 778 ( ±174 ) , respectively ( P = 0.01 ) . The effect on dynamic balance was maintained 1 year after training ( BI , 730 ± 156 ) . For static balance , no statistically significant changes were found . For the other variables measured , there were no statistical differences during the study 
    Output:
    
Examination of the similarities and differences between the training regimens gives insight into the development of more effective and efficient interventions .