***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) during chemotherapy is well documented . However , there are limited data on this complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) undergoing transarterial chemotherapy . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive lamivudine therapy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation in patients with HCC undergoing transarterial chemo-lipiodolization ( TACL ) and to seek predictors of this event . A total of 73 consecutive HCC patients undergoing TACL using epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 at monthly intervals were prospect ively and r and omly assigned to receive lamivudine 100 mg daily from the start of TACL ( preemptive group ) or not ( control group ) . During the study , 11 ( 29.7 % ) of 37 patients in the control group and 1 ( 2.8 % ) of 36 patients in the preemptive group developed hepatitis due to HBV reactivation ( P = .002 ) . In addition , there were significantly more incidences of overall hepatitis ( P = .021 ) and severe grade of hepatitis ( P = .035 ) in the control group . With multivariate Cox regression model , a baseline HBV DNA level of more than 10(4 ) copies/mL was the only independent predictor of hepatitis due to HBV reactivation during chemo-lipiodolization ( P = .046 ) . In conclusion , preemptive lamivudine therapy demonstrated excellent efficacy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation and hepatic morbidity during TACL . Preemptive therapy should be considered in HCC patients with an HBV DNA level of more than 10(4 ) copies/mL. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of this approach in patients with low-level viremia BACKGROUND According to the results of a number of phase 3 r and omized studies , sorafenib is the only approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC ; however the issue of high economic cost remains challenging ; thus we have conducted this retrospective analysis of our HCC patients treated with sorafenib . METHODS HCC patients treated at Ain Shams University Hospitals , in the period between 2010 and 2012 were review ed . Eligible patients were those who had received sorafenib for advanced HCC not eligible for or progressed after surgery or locoregional therapy . We investigated the impact of baseline clinicopathological factors ( age , gender , child status , performance score , BCLC tumor stage , cause of chronic liver disease , median baseline alpha fetoprotein level and previous treatment received for HCC ) on overall survival ( OS ) in an adjusted Cox regression model . RESULTS 41 patients were included in the analysis fulfilling the inclusion criteria . At a median follow up period of 13 months , the median PFS for the whole group was 4 months ; the median OS for the whole group is 6.25 months . Multivariate analysis identified three baseline characteristics that were prognostic indicators for overall survival : ECOG performance status ( median OS for ECOG 1=7.01 months and for ECOG 2=3.03 months ) , Child-Pugh status ( median OS for child A=12.04 months and for child B=5.23 months ) , and median baseline levels of alpha-fetoprotein . CONCLUSIONS In limited re source countries like Egypt , we suggest that the use of sorafenib for the treatment of advanced HCC cases should be restricted to a highly selected subgroup of patients with good performance and child The only approved systemic therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) till now is sorafenib . A preliminary study suggested that capecitabine , an oral fluoropyrimidine , may be effective in advanced HCC . We have tested this hypothesis in this phase 2 study . In this single-center , phase 2 , open-label trial , we r and omly assigned 52 patients with advanced HCC who had not received previous systemic treatment to receive either sorafenib ( at a dose of 400 mg twice daily ) or capecitabine ( 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily ) ( day 1–day 14 ) . Primary outcome was progression-free survival . Secondary outcomes included the overall survival and safety . Median overall survival was 7.05 months in the sorafenib group and 5.07 months in the capecitabine group ( hazard ratio in the capecitabine group 2.36 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.174–4.74 ; P < 0.016 ) . The median progression-free survival was 6 months in the sorafenib group and 4 months in the capecitabine group ( P < 0.005 ) . Three patients in the sorafenib group ( 11.5 % ) and one patient in the capecitabine group ( 3 % ) had a partial response ; one patient ( 3 % ) had a complete response in the sorafenib group . H and –foot skin reaction was more frequent in the sorafenib group , hyperbilirubinemia was more common in the capecitabine group , and diarrhea was equivalent between both groups . In patients with advanced HCC , capecitabine is inferior to sorafenib in terms of median progression-free survival and overall survival , and it should not be used alone for the treatment of advanced HCC , but rather , combination therapy with sorafenib should be considered BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that interferon-alpha ( IFN-alpha ) treatment would reduce or postpone the recurrence rate and improve the overall survival rate in patients after transarterial chemoembolization ( TACE ) treatment of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) related unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . METHODS 216 patients with unresectable HBV-related HCC were r and omized into a TACE group and a  TACE-IFN group , each group had 108 patients . In the TACE-IFN group , patients received IFN-alpha1b at a dose of 3 million units ( mu ) three times a week by intramuscular injection one week after/before TACE treatment , for 48 weeks . RESULTS The median disease-free survival in the TACE-IFN treatment group was 23.6 months ( 95 % CI : 21.4 - 25.8 ) and 20.3 months ( 95 % CI : 15.8 - 24.8 ) in the TACE group ( P = 0.027 ) . The disease free rate at 24 months in the TACE group was lower than in the TACE-IFN group ( 39.8 % vs 59.3 % , P = 0.004 ) . The median overall survival was 29 months ( 95 % CI : 27.5 - 32.1 ) in the TACE-IFN group and 26 months ( 95 % CI : 20.1 - 31.9 ) in the TACE group ( P = 0.003 ) . The 2-year overall survival in the TACE-IFN group was higher than in the TACE group ( 72.2 % vs 52.8 % , P = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS IFN-alpha treatment reduced recurrence and improved the survival of patients after TACE treatment of HBV-related HCC , with acceptable toxicities OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE ) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus . METHODS Sixty-two patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus was r and omly divided into 2 groups . Thirty-one cases were treated with TACE and Interferon . Thirty-one cases with TACE only .  HBV DNA , clinical effect , intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate and survival rate were studied . RESULTS Of the 31 patients in TACE+IFN group , 17 ( 54.8 % ) were negative for HBV DNA at the end of treatment . None of TACE group was negative for HBV DNA . The intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate at 1 year and 2 years in TACE+IFN group was 16.1 % , 29.0 % , compared with 38.7 % , 61.3 % in TACE group ( chi-square = 3.97 , chi-square 6.51 , P < 0.05 ) . The survival rate in the former was 83.9 % and 74.2 % respectively , compared with that of 61.3 % and 38.7 % in the latter ( chi-square = 3.97 , chi-square = 7.94 , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization result ed low recurrence and long survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus . This method showed fewer side effects and should be recommended UNLABELLED Fatal hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) reactivation in lymphoma patients with " resolved " HBV infection ( hepatitis B surface antigen [ HBsAg ] negative and hepatitis B core antibody [ anti-HBc ] positive ) can occur , but the true incidence and severity remain unclear . From June 2009 to December 2011 , 150 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infection who were to receive rituximab-CHOP ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , prednisolone)-based chemotherapy were prospect ively followed . HBV DNA was checked at baseline , at the start of each cycle of chemotherapy , and every 4 weeks for 1 year after completion of rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy .  Patients with documented HBV reactivation were treated with entecavir at a dosage of 0.5 mg/day for 48 weeks . HBV reactivation was defined as a greater than 10-fold increase in HBV DNA , compared with previous nadir levels , and hepatitis flare was defined as a greater than 3-fold increase in alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) that exceeded 100 IU/L. Incidence of HBV reactivation and HBV-related hepatitis flares was 10.4 and 6.4 per 100 person-year , respectively . Severe HBV-related hepatitis ( ALT > 10-fold of upper limit of normal ) occurred in 4 patients , despite entecavir treatment . Patients with hepatitis flare exhibited significantly higher incidence of reappearance of HBsAg after HBV reactivation ( 100 % vs. 28.5 % ; P=0.003 ) . CONCLUSION In lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infections , chemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation is not uncommon , but can be managed with regular monitoring of HBV DNA and prompt antiviral therapy . Serological breakthrough ( i.e. , reappearance of HBsAg ) is the most important predictor of HBV-related hepatitis flare . ( Hepatology 2014;59:2092 - 2100 ) 
    Output:
    
An antiviral/TACE combination shows promise as an effective and tolerable treatment strategy for intermediate-stage HCC .
The reported efficacy and toxicity of the antiviral/TACE combination appears to compare favorably with TACE monotherapy , the most commonly implemented strategy for intermediate-stage HCC .