***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: OBJECTIVES The aim of this r and omized , controlled clinical trial was to compare the potential of a synthetic bone substitute or a bovine-derived xenograft combined with a collagen membrane to preserve the alveolar ridge dimensions following tooth extraction . METHODS Twenty-seven patients were r and omized into two treatment groups following single tooth extraction in the incisor , canine and premolar area . In the test group , the alveolar socket was grafted with Straumann Bone Ceramic ( SBC ) , while in the control group , Bio-Oss deproteinized bovine bone mineral ( DBBM ) was applied . In both groups , a collagen barrier was used to cover the grafting material . Complete soft tissue coverage of the barriers was not achieved . After 8 months , during re-entry procedures and before implant placement , the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the residual ridge were re-evaluated and trephine biopsies were performed for histological analysis in all patients . RESULTS Twenty-six patients completed the study . The bucco-lingual dimension of the alveolar ridge decreased by 1.1+/-1 mm in the SBC group and by 2.1+/-1 in the DBBM group ( P<0.05 ) . Both material s preserved the mesio-distal bone height of the ridge . No differences in the width of buccal and palatal bone plate were observed between the two groups . The histological analysis showed new bone formation in the apical part of the biopsies , which , in some instances , was in direct contact with both SBC and DBBM particles . The coronal part of the biopsies was occupied by a dense fibrous connective tissue surrounding the SBC and DBBM particles . CONCLUSION Both bio material s partially preserved the width and the interproximal bone height of the alveolar ridge PURPOSE This prospect i ve case series evaluated the use of a new titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane ( high-density polytetrafluoroethylene ) , in combination with a mixture of anorganic bovine bone-derived mineral ( ABBM ) and autogenous particulated bone , for vertical augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A mixture of ABBM and autogenous particulated bone was used for vertical ridge augmentation and covered with a new titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane .  Ridge measurements were obtained before and after the procedure , complications were recorded , and biopsy specimens were taken for histologic examination . RESULTS Twenty vertical ridge augmentation procedures were carried out in 19 patients . All treated defect sites exhibited excellent bone formation , with an average bone gain of 5.45 mm ( st and ard deviation 1.93 mm ) . The healing period was uneventful , and no complications were observed . Eight specimens were examined histologically ; on average , autogenous or regenerated bone represented 36.6 % of the specimens , ABBM 16.6 % , and marrow space 46.8 % . No inflammatory responses or foreign-body reactions were noted in the specimens . CONCLUSION The treatment of vertically deficient alveolar ridges with guided bone regeneration using a mixture of autogenous bone and ABBM and a new titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane can be considered successful OBJECTIVES S and wich bone augmentation ( SBA ) has been proposed to augment the width of edentulous ridges for implant placement . This study aim ed to investigate the effect of a membrane on SBA for the regeneration of buccal implant dehiscence defects . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six healthy patients , each with a single defect , were r and omly assigned into two groups . Both groups received an inner and outer layer of mineralized human cancellous and cortical particulate allograft . In the test group , a bovine pericardium membrane covered the bone grafts , while no membrane was placed in the control group . Cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) scans were taken before and immediately after implant placement and at 6 months post-surgery . RESULTS All implants placed were successfully osseointegrated at 6 months . Clinical re-entry measurements showed significant buccal bone gain in the test group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . The test group had 1.12 , 2.21 and 2.44 mm more buccal bone thickness at 2 , 4 and 6 mm below the bone crest . There were no significant differences in the mid-buccal vertical bone height , defect height and width reductions and bone fill between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . Cone beam computed tomography analysis demonstrated significant buccal bone gain of 1.22 mm in the test group . Radiographic vertical bone loss at 1-year post-surgery showed no significant differences between the groups . CONCLUSION S and wich bone augmentation is a predictable technique for regenerating buccal bone on implant dehiscence defects . Addition of a barrier membrane prevented significant horizontal buccal bone resorption as space was maintained more effectively when compared with sites treated without a membrane Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) is not optimal . Without transparent reporting , readers can not judge the reliability and validity of trial findings nor extract information for systematic review s. Recent method ological analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects . Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs , which are considered the gold st and ard for evaluating interventions because of their ability to minimise or avoid bias . A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT ( Consoli date d St and ards of Reporting Trials ) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs . It was first published in 1996 and up date d in 2001 . The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT . Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have endorsed the CONSORT statement . The statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs . During the 2001 CONSORT revision , it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports . A CONSORT explanation and elaboration article was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement . After an expert meeting in January 2007 , the CONSORT statement has been further revised and is published as the CONSORT 2010 Statement . This up date improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition , such as selective outcome reporting bias . This explanatory and elaboration document-intended to enhance the use , underst and ing , and dissemination of the CONSORT statement-has also been extensively revised . It presents the meaning and rationale for each new and up date d checklist item providing examples of good reporting and , where possible , references to relevant empirical studies . Several examples of flow diagrams are included . The CONSORT 2010 Statement , this revised explanatory and elaboration document , and the associated website ( www.consort-statement.org ) should be helpful re sources to improve reporting of r and omised trials Background and Purpose : The resorption of alveolar bone following tooth extraction results in a narrowing and shortening of the residual ridge , which leads to esthetic and restorative problems , and reduces the bone volume available for implant therapy . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevention of alveolar collapse after tooth extraction , using titanium membrane ( Frios Boneshield ; DENTSPLY Friadent , Mannheim , Germany ) , associated ( or not ) with autologous bone graft . Material s and Methods : A total of 10 nonsmoking healthy subjects , ranging from 35 to 60 years old , were selected for this study . Each patient had a minimum of 2 uni-radicular periodontally hopeless teeth , which were scheduled for extraction . After the procedure , 2 titanium pins were fixed on the vestibular bone surfaces that were used as references for the initial measures ( depth , width , and height ) of the socket . Of the sockets,1 was r and omly chosen to be filled with autologous bone graft ( test ) removed from superior maxillary tuber , and the other one did not receive the graft ( control ) . A titanium membrane was adapted and fixed , covering the sockets , which remained for at least 10 weeks . After a 6-month healing , the final measures were performed . Results : There was exposure of the membrane in 5 of the 10 treated subjects . Average bone filling ( ±st and ard deviation ) among the 10 subjects was 8.80 ± 2.93 mm ( range 4 - 13 ) in the control group and 8.40 ± 3.35 mm ( range 4 - 13 ) in the test group . Average bone loss in width in both group was 1.40 ± 1.97 mm ( range −4 - 1 ) in the control group and 1.40 ± 0.98 mm ( range −4 - 0 ) in the test group . There was no significant statistical difference between groups considering the evaluated st and ards . Conclusion : The use of titanium membrane , alone or in association with autogenous bone , favored the prevention of alveolar ridge after tooth extraction . This membrane seems to be a possible and safe alternative to other nonresorbable membranes when the prevention of alveolar ridge resorption is the objective OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of barrier membranes on s and wich bone augmentation ( SBA ) for the treatment of implant dehiscence defects . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six implant-associated buccal dehiscence defects in 22 patients were treated according to the SBA concept - mineralized human cancellous allograft ( inner layer ) , mineralized human cortical allograft ( outer layer ) and coverage with barrier membrane . The defects were r and omly assigned to the bovine collagen membrane ( BME ) group ; acellular dermal matrix ( ADM ) group ; and no membrane group . Measurements at baseline and 6 months re-entry included defect height ( DH : from smooth-rough junction to the most apical part of the defect ) , defect width ( DW : at the widest part of the defect ) , and horizontal defect depth ( HDD : at three locations - smooth-rough junction , middle , and most apical portion of the defect ) . All measurements were taken from a reference stent . Statistical analyses were performed for comparison of intra- and inter-group comparisons . RESULTS All implants placed were successfully osseointegrated . DH at baseline for three groups were not significantly different ( P=0.858 ) . Mean % DH reductions for ADM , BME , and control groups at 6 months were 73.9+/-17.6 % , 68.1+/-30.1 % , and 63.6+/-23.9 % , respectively , with no significant difference among the groups ( P=0.686 ) . Mean horizontal bone gain , however , was significantly greater for membrane groups ( 1.7 mm for ADM , 1.6 mm for BME ) compared with control group ( 1 mm ) ( P=0.044 ) . Implant exposure result ed in significant reduction in total height gain ( 79.1+/-14.3 % vs. 57+/-23.5 % , P=0.021 ) . CONCLUSIONS Within the limit of this study , it is concluded that SBA technique achieved predictable clinical outcomes . The addition of absorbable membranes enhanced bone gain in thickness compared with membrane-treated sites BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) contains a number of biologically active growth factors , and previous studies have reported conflicting ridge augmentation results . The primary aim of this r and omized , controlled , masked , clinical trial was to determine if PRP combined with a rapidly resorbing cancellous allograft would enhance the regenerative result compared with an allograft without PRP . METHODS Thirty-two patients with an edentulous ridge defect were sequentially entered into the study ; four were excluded from data analysis . Fourteen patients received a cancellous allograft ( CAN group )  and the other 14 received a cancellous allograft mixed with PRP ( PRP group ) . All 28 grafted sites were covered with a resorbable polylactide membrane . After elevation of a full-thickness flap , horizontal ridge dimensions were measured with a digital caliper at the crest and 5 mm apical to the crest . Vertical ridge dimensions were measured from a tooth-supported stent . All sites were reentered at 4 months , and a trephine core was obtained for histologic analysis before implant placement . RESULTS The crestal ridge width for the CAN group had a mean gain of 2.0 ± 1.2 mm , whereas the PRP group gained 2.9 ± 1.0 , and the difference was statistically significant between groups ( P < 0.05 ) . The percent vital bone was 36 % ± 14 % for the CAN group compared with 51 % ± 15 % for the PRP group and was statistically significant between groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Loss of augmented ridge width was 34 % ± 17 % for the CAN group and 28 % ± 17 % for the PRP group ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION These clinical and histologic findings suggest that PRP  enhanced bone regeneration and result ed in increased horizontal bone gain and percentage vital bone One of the key factors for attaining osseointegration is the presence of an adequate osseous volume . In patients with inadequate osseous width or height , a bone augmentation using the guided bone regeneration ( GBR ) concept may be applied either with a simultaneous or a 
    Output:
    
Regardless of the material used for regeneration , different degrees of graft resorption should be expected .
Given the sample of investigations analyzed in this review , block grafts seemed to maintain the volume of the initial augmentation site more than GBR techniques .
During the initial stages of healing , the GBR technique experienced more changes compared with block grafts .
The resorption of the xenograft group was inferior compared with the combination of xenograft and autologous bone groups .