***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: BACKGROUND Previous studies of intimate partner violence have not compared the health care costs of female victims with those of a general female population . METHODS Our study is an analysis of the computerized cost data for 126 identified victims of intimate partner violence in a large health plan in Minneapolis and St. Paul , Minnesota , in 1994 . Data were compared with a r and om sample of 1007 general female enrollees ( aged 18 to 64 years ) who used health care services in the same year . RESULTS We found that an annual difference of $ 1775 more was spent for victims of intimate partner violence than on a r and om sample of general female enrollees . Regression analyses found that victims of intimate partner violence were significantly younger and had more hospitalizations , general clinic use , mental health services use , and out-of-plan referrals . Use of emergency room services was the same across groups . CONCLUSIONS Women who were victims of intimate partner violence  cost this health plan approximately 92 % more than a r and om sample of general female enrollees . Contrary to the findings of other studies , use of emergency room services was not a driving factor in the higher costs . Findings of significantly higher mental health service use are supported by other studies OVERVIEWDespite an epidemic of intimate-partner violence against women , and general agreement that women should be screened for it , few assessment and intervention protocol s have been evaluated in controlled studies . To test a telephone intervention intended to increase the “ safety-promoting behavior ” of abused women , 75 women received six telephone calls over a period of eight weeks in which safety-promoting behaviors were discussed . A control group of 75 women received usual care .  Women in both groups received follow-up calls to assess safety-promoting behaviors  at three , six , 12 , and 18 months after intake . Analysis showed that the women in the intervention group practice d significantly ( P < 0.01 ) more safety-promoting behaviors than women in the control group at each assessment . On average , women in the intervention group practice d almost two more safety-promoting behaviors than they had at time of intake and nearly two more than women in the control group ; the additional behaviors were practice d for 18 months . This nursing intervention requires only 54 minutes to complete ( six nine-minute telephone calls ) and can be integrated into any health care setting . Because less than one hour of professional nursing time is involved , the cost of the intervention is minimal . Future research should determine whether the adoption of safety-promoting behaviors by abused women averts trauma and its subsequent health care costs 
    Output:
    
Based on the evidence review ed , it is possible that intensive advocacy for women recruited in domestic violence shelters or refuges reduces physical abuse one to two years after the intervention but we do not know if it has a beneficial effect on their quality of life and mental health .
Similarly , there is insufficient evidence to show if less intensive interventions in healthcare setting s for women who still live with the perpetrators of violence are effective