***TASK*** the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***INPUT*** the input is a biomedical literature 
    ***OUTPUT*** the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences 
    ***DOCUMENTATION*** 
    ***EXAMPLES*** 
    Input: Background / Aims Helicobacter pylori colonizes on the apical surface of gastric surface mucosal cells and the surface mucous gel layer . Pronase is a premedication enzyme for endoscopy that can disrupt the gastric mucus layer . We evaluated the additive effects of pronase combined with st and ard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication . Methods This prospect i ve , single-blinded , r and omized , controlled study was conducted between June and October 2012 . A total of 116 patients with H. pylori infection were enrolled in the study ( n=112 patients , excluding four patients who failed to meet the inclusion criteria ) and were assigned to receive either the st and ard triple therapy , which consists of a proton pump inhibitor with amoxicillin and clarithromycin twice a day for 7 days ( PAC ) , or pronase ( 20,000 tyrosine units ) combined with the st and ard triple therapy twice a day for 7 days ( PACE ) . Results In the intention-to-treat analysis , the eradication rates of PAC versus PACE were 76.4 % versus 56.1 % ( p=0.029 ) . In the per- protocol analysis , the eradication rates were 87.5 % versus 68.1 % ( p=0.027 ) . There were no significant differences concerning adverse reactions between the two groups . Conclusions According to the interim analysis of the trial , pronase does not have an additive effect on the eradication of H. pylori infection ( Clinical Trial.gov : NCT01645761 ) BACKGROUND AND AIMS The eradication rate of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection has decreased , mainly due to increasing antibiotic resistance , especially against clarithromycin . It has been reported that a 10-day sequential strategy can produce good outcomes . The aim of this prospect i ve study was to assess the efficacy of sequential therapy as the first-line treatment for the eradication of H. pylori in Korea . METHODS A total of 116 patients with proven H. pylori infection received  10-day sequential therapy ( 20 mg rabeprazole and 1 g amoxicillin , twice daily for the first 5 days , followed by 20 mg rabeprazole , 500 mg clarithromycin , and 500 mg metronidazole , twice daily for the remaining 5 days ) ; 130 patients received  7-day triple therapy ( 20 mg rabeprazole , 500 mg clarithromycin , and 1 g amoxicillin , twice daily for 7 days ) . Eradication was evaluated by the ( 13 ) C-urea breath test , 4 weeks after the completion of treatment . Compliance and adverse events were assessed . RESULTS The eradication rates of 10-day sequential therapy and PPI-based triple therapy were 79.3 % ( 92/116 ) and 63 % ( 82/130 ) by intention-to-treat analysis , respectively ( P = 0.005 ) , and 81.9 % ( 91/111 ) and 64.5 % ( 82/127 ) by per protocol analysis , respectively ( P = 0.003 ) . Mild adverse events occurred in both therapy groups ( 27.5 % vs 23.8 % ) , but both treatments were well tolerated . CONCLUSION The eradication rate of the 10-day sequential therapy regimen was significantly higher than that of PPI-based triple therapy in the Korean population . Ten-day sequential therapy might be effective as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in Korea Background / Aims To evaluate the adjuvant effects of N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) on first-line sequential therapy ( SQT ) for Helicobacter pylori infection . Methods Patients with H. pylori infections were r and omly assigned to receive sequential therapy with ( SQT+NAC group , n=49 ) or without ( SQT-only group , n=50 ) NAC . Sequential therapy consisted of rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g for the first 5 days , followed by rabeprazole 20 mg , clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg for the remaining 5 days ; all drugs were administered twice daily . For the SQT+NAC group , NAC 400 mg bid was added for the first 5 days of sequential therapy . H. pylori eradication was evaluated 4 weeks after the completion of therapy . Results The eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 58.0 % in the SQT-only group and 67.3 % in the SQT+NAC group ( p=0.336 ) . The eradication rates by per- protocol analysis were 70.0 % in the SQT-only group and 80.5 % in the SQT+NAC group ( p=0.274 ) . Compliance was very good in both groups ( SQT only/SQT+NAC groups : 95.2%/100 % , p=0.494 ) . There was no significant difference in the adverse event rates between groups ( SQT-only/SQT+NAC groups : 26.2%/26.8 % , p=0.947 ) . Conclusions The H. pylori eradication rate was numerically higher in the SQT+NAC group than in the SQT-only group . As our data did not reach statistical significance , larger trials are warranted The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of levofloxacin and rifaximin based quadruple regimen as first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection . A prospect ively r and omized , double-blinded , parallel group , comparative study was performed . Three hundred consecutive H. pylori positive patients were r and omized to receive : omeprazole , amoxicillin , clarithromycin ( OAC ) ; omeprazole , amoxicillin , levofloxacin ( OAL ) ; and omeprazole , amoxicillin , levofloxacin , rifaximin ( OAL-R ) . The eradication rates in the intention to treat ( ITT ) and per protocol ( PP ) analyses were : OAC , 77.8 % and 85.6 % ; OAL , 65.3 % and 73.6 % ; and OAL-R , 74.5 % and 80.2 % . The eradication rate achieved with OAC was higher than with OAL on the ITT ( P = 0.05 ) and PP analysis ( P = 0.04 ) . OAL-R regimen was not inferior to OAC . The frequency of moderate to severe adverse effects was significantly higher in OAC treatment group . Especially , diarrhea was most common complaint , and there was a significantly low rate of moderate to severe diarrhea with the rifaximin containing regimen . In conclusion , the levofloxacin and rifaximin based regimen comes up to the st and ard triple therapy , but has a limited efficacy in a Korean cohort . The rifaximin containing regimen has a very high safety profile for H. pylori eradication therapy BACKGROUND The eradication rate with PPI-based st and ard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection has fallen considerably . One recent innovation is sequential therapy with PPI and three antibiotics , but the complexity of this regimen may reduce its usability . Concomitant administration of nonbismuth quadruple drugs ( concomitant therapy ) is also an effective treatment strategy . To investigate which regimen is a reasonable choice for Korean population , we performed two pilot studies with sequential and concomitant therapies . METHODS A total of 164 patients with proven H. pylori infection r and omly received 14 days of sequential ( n = 86 ) or concomitant ( n = 78 ) therapies . The sequential group received 20 mg rabeprazole and 1 g amoxicillin ( first week ) , followed by 20 mg rabeprazole , 500 mg clarithromycin , and 500 mg metronidazole ( second week ) . The concomitant group received 20 mg rabeprazole , 1 g amoxicillin , 500 mg clarithromycin , and 500 mg metronidazole for 2 weeks . All drugs were administered BID . Helicobacter pylori status was confirmed 4 weeks later , after completion of treatment by ( 13 ) C-urea breath test . RESULTS The intention-to-treat and per- protocol eradication rates were 75.6 % ( 95 % CI , 66.3 - 84.9 ) and 76.8 % ( 95 % CI , 67.1 - 85.5 ) in the sequential group , and 80.8 % ( 95 % CI , 71.8 - 88.5 ) and 81.3 % ( 95 % CI , 71.6 - 90.7 ) in the concomitant group . There were no significant between-group differences , in regard to the eradication rates , compliance , or side effects . The most common side effects were bitter taste , epigastric soreness , and diarrhea . CONCLUSIONS Two-week concomitant and sequential therapies showed suboptimal efficacies . However , considering high antibiotics resistance , either of these two regimens may be a reasonable choice for Korean population AIM To evaluate the efficacy of 14-d moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy as first-line eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection . METHODS From December 2013 to August 2014 , 161 patients with confirmed H. pylori infection r and omly received 14 d of moxifloxacin-based sequential group ( MOX-ST group , n = 80 ) or clarithromycin-based sequential group ( CLA-ST group , n = 81 ) therapy . H. pylori infection was defined on the basis of at least one of the following three tests : a positive (13)C-urea breath test ; histologic evidence of H. pylori by modified Giemsa staining ; or a positive rapid urease test ( CLOtest ; Delta West , Bentley , Australia ) by gastric mucosal biopsy . Successful eradication therapy for H. pylori infection was defined as a negative (13)C-urea breath test four weeks after the end of eradication treatment . Compliance was defined as good when drug intake was at least 85 % . H. pylori eradication rates , patient compliance with drug treatment , adverse event rates , and factors influencing the efficacy of eradication therapy were evaluated . RESULTS The eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 91.3 % ( 73/80 ; 95%CI : 86.2%-95.4 % ) in the MOX-ST group and 71.6 % ( 58/81 ; 95%CI : 65.8%-77.4 % ) in the CLA-ST group ( P = 0.014 ) . The eradication rates by per- protocol analysis were 93.6 % ( 73/78 ; 95%CI : 89.1%-98.1 % ) in the MOX-ST group and 75.3 % ( 58/77 ; 95%CI : 69.4%-81.8 % ) in the CLA-ST group ( P = 0.022 ) . Compliance was 100 % in both groups . The adverse event rates were 12.8 % ( 10/78 ) and 24.6 % ( 19/77 ) in the MOX-ST and CLA-ST group , respectively ( P = 0.038 ) . Most of the adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity ; there was none serious enough to cause discontinuation of treatment in either group . In multivariate analysis , advanced age ( ≥ 60 years ) was a significant independent factor related to the eradication failure in the CLA-ST group ( adjusted OR = 2.13 , 95%CI : 1.97 - 2.29 , P = 0.004 ) , whereas there was no significance in the MOX-ST group . CONCLUSION The 14-d moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy is effective . Moreover , it shows excellent patient compliance and safety compared to the 14-d clarithromycin-based sequential therapy We conducted a pilot study aim ed at comparing the efficacy of the st and ard OAC ( omeprazole – amoxicillin – clarithromycin ) regimen with a combination of the OAC regimen and aspirin ( OACA ) . Follow-up endoscopic findings showed that the previous ulcers were completely healed in all subjects . The eradication rates ( per protocol ) were 80.3 % ( 49/61 ) in the OAC group and 86.7 % ( 52/60 ) in the OACA group . The eradication rate was not significantly different between the two groups . The most common adverse event was a bad taste , and the overall adverse events were similar in the two groups . The combination of the OAC regimen and aspirin was not significantly superior to the st and ard OAC regimen , but it was well tolerated in a group of patients with peptic ulcer disease . Its potential for clinical use to augment the efficacy of H. pylori eradication 
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In addition , tolerability of ST-Q-14 was comparable to those regimens .
In  Korea  , ST-Q-14 showed the highest efficacy in terms of eradication and a comparable tolerability , compared to the results reported for the conventional triple therapy , st and ard sequential therapy , hybrid therapy , and concomitant therapy