human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: BACKGROUND/AIMS Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is a highly malignant neoplasm. p16 is a tumor suppressor gene protein , which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the G1-S phase of the cell cycle . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of p16 in gallbladder carcinoma and its precancerous conditions and to examine the relationship between p16 expression and clinicopathological parameters . METHODOLOGY Formalin-fixed , paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 20 cases of normal gallbladder , 20 cases of chronic cholecystitis , 20 cases of gallbladder adenoma , 20 cases of dysplasia , and 58 cases of adenocarcinoma were examined . The expression of p16 was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis . RESULTS In normal gallbladder , no expression of p16 was found . In chronic cholecystitis , expression of p16 was not found . In gallbladder adenomas , expression of p16 was found in 20% ( 4/20 ) . In low grade dyspalsias , expression of p16 was not found . In high grade dysplasias , p16 expression was present in 45.0% ( 9/20 ) . In gallbladder adenocarcinomas , p16 expression was found in 27.6% ( 16/58 ) . Expression of p16 correlated significantly with histologic grade ( p &lt ; 0.05 ) . No correlation was found between p16 expression and age , gender , tumor size , gross type , location , vascular invasion , lymph node metastasis , and TNM stage , respectively . CONCLUSIONS P16 protein overexpression is an early and relatively common event in carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma . Expression of p16 protein is absent in normal or chronic cholecystitis . Expression of p16 may be an ancillary diagnostic marker of gallbladder carcinoma and its precancerous conditions .
    OUTPUT:

agent
evading growth suppressors
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: BACKGROUND/AIMS Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is a highly malignant neoplasm. p16 is a tumor suppressor gene protein , which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the G1-S phase of the cell cycle . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of p16 in gallbladder carcinoma and its precancerous conditions and to examine the relationship between p16 expression and clinicopathological parameters . METHODOLOGY Formalin-fixed , paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 20 cases of normal gallbladder , 20 cases of chronic cholecystitis , 20 cases of gallbladder adenoma , 20 cases of dysplasia , and 58 cases of adenocarcinoma were examined . The expression of p16 was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis . RESULTS In normal gallbladder , no expression of p16 was found . In chronic cholecystitis , expression of p16 was not found . In gallbladder adenomas , expression of p16 was found in 20% ( 4/20 ) . In low grade dyspalsias , expression of p16 was not found . In high grade dysplasias , p16 expression was present in 45.0% ( 9/20 ) . In gallbladder adenocarcinomas , p16 expression was found in 27.6% ( 16/58 ) . Expression of p16 correlated significantly with histologic grade ( p &lt ; 0.05 ) . No correlation was found between p16 expression and age , gender , tumor size , gross type , location , vascular invasion , lymph node metastasis , and TNM stage , respectively . CONCLUSIONS P16 protein overexpression is an early and relatively common event in carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma . Expression of p16 protein is absent in normal or chronic cholecystitis . Expression of p16 may be an ancillary diagnostic marker of gallbladder carcinoma and its precancerous conditions .
    OUTPUT:
