human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: In cancer cells , glucose is often converted into lactic acid , which is known as the ' Warburg effect ' . The reason that cancer cells have a higher rate of aerobic glycolysis , but not oxidative phosphorylation , remains largely unclear . Herein , we proposed an epigenetic mechanism of the Warburg effect . Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 ( FBP1 ) , which functions to antagonize glycolysis was downregulated through NF-kappaB pathway in Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells . Restoration of FBP1 expression suppressed anchorage-independent growth , indicating the relevance of FBP1 downregulation in carcinogenesis . Indeed , FBP1 was downregulated in gastric carcinomas ( P&lt;0.01 , n=22 ) and gastric cancer cell lines ( 57% , 4/7 ) . Restoration of FBP1 expression reduced growth and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells . Moreover , FBP1 downregulation was reversed by pharmacological demethylation . Its promoter was hypermethylated in gastric cancer cell lines ( 57% , 4/7 ) and gastric carcinomas ( 33% , 33/101 ) . Inhibition of NF-kappaB restored FBP1 expression , partially through demethylation of FBP1 promoter . Notably , Cox regression analysis revealed FBP1 promoter methylation as an independent prognosis predicator for gastric cancer ( hazard ratio : 3.60 , P=0.010 ) . In summary , we found that NF-kappaB functions downstream of Ras to promote epigenetic downregulation of FBP1 . Promoter methylation of FBP1 can be used as a new biomarker for prognosis prediction of gastric cancer . Such an important epigenetic link between glycolysis and carcinogenesis partly explains the Warburg effect .
    OUTPUT:

agent
cellular energetics
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: In cancer cells , glucose is often converted into lactic acid , which is known as the ' Warburg effect ' . The reason that cancer cells have a higher rate of aerobic glycolysis , but not oxidative phosphorylation , remains largely unclear . Herein , we proposed an epigenetic mechanism of the Warburg effect . Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 ( FBP1 ) , which functions to antagonize glycolysis was downregulated through NF-kappaB pathway in Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells . Restoration of FBP1 expression suppressed anchorage-independent growth , indicating the relevance of FBP1 downregulation in carcinogenesis . Indeed , FBP1 was downregulated in gastric carcinomas ( P&lt;0.01 , n=22 ) and gastric cancer cell lines ( 57% , 4/7 ) . Restoration of FBP1 expression reduced growth and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells . Moreover , FBP1 downregulation was reversed by pharmacological demethylation . Its promoter was hypermethylated in gastric cancer cell lines ( 57% , 4/7 ) and gastric carcinomas ( 33% , 33/101 ) . Inhibition of NF-kappaB restored FBP1 expression , partially through demethylation of FBP1 promoter . Notably , Cox regression analysis revealed FBP1 promoter methylation as an independent prognosis predicator for gastric cancer ( hazard ratio : 3.60 , P=0.010 ) . In summary , we found that NF-kappaB functions downstream of Ras to promote epigenetic downregulation of FBP1 . Promoter methylation of FBP1 can be used as a new biomarker for prognosis prediction of gastric cancer . Such an important epigenetic link between glycolysis and carcinogenesis partly explains the Warburg effect .
    OUTPUT:
