human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of specific mutations in codon 12 of the Kirsten-ras ( KRAS ) gene on treatment efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) . PATIENTS Overall , 119 patients bearing a KRAS mutation in codon 12 were evaluated . All patients received cetuximab-based first-line chemotherapy within the Central European Cooperative Oncology Group ( CECOG ) , AIO KRK-0104 or AIO KRK-0306 trials . RESULTS Patients with KRAS codon 12 mutant mCRC showed a broad range of outcome when treated with cetuximab-based first-line regimens . Patients with tumors bearing a KRAS p.G12D mutation showed a strong trend to a more favorable outcome compared to other mutations ( overall survival 23.3 vs. 14-18 months ; hazard ratio 0.66 , range 0.43-1.03 ) . An interaction model illustrated that KRAS p.G12C was associated with unfavorable outcome when treated with oxaliplatin plus cetuximab . CONCLUSION The present analysis suggests that KRAS codon 12 mutation may not represent a homogeneous entity in mCRC when treated with cetuximab-based first-line therapy .
    OUTPUT:

agent
genomic instability and mutation
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of specific mutations in codon 12 of the Kirsten-ras ( KRAS ) gene on treatment efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) . PATIENTS Overall , 119 patients bearing a KRAS mutation in codon 12 were evaluated . All patients received cetuximab-based first-line chemotherapy within the Central European Cooperative Oncology Group ( CECOG ) , AIO KRK-0104 or AIO KRK-0306 trials . RESULTS Patients with KRAS codon 12 mutant mCRC showed a broad range of outcome when treated with cetuximab-based first-line regimens . Patients with tumors bearing a KRAS p.G12D mutation showed a strong trend to a more favorable outcome compared to other mutations ( overall survival 23.3 vs. 14-18 months ; hazard ratio 0.66 , range 0.43-1.03 ) . An interaction model illustrated that KRAS p.G12C was associated with unfavorable outcome when treated with oxaliplatin plus cetuximab . CONCLUSION The present analysis suggests that KRAS codon 12 mutation may not represent a homogeneous entity in mCRC when treated with cetuximab-based first-line therapy .
    OUTPUT:
