human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
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    INPUT: Bulky DNA adducts are considered a potential biomarker of cancer risk . In this study , the association between various lifestyle , environmental , and genetic factors and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in peripheral leukocytes was examined in a study group nested within a population-based prospective Danish cohort . At enrollment , blood samples were collected and information on lifestyle , including dietary and smoking habits , obtained . Previously , bulky DNA adducts were measured in 245 individuals who developed lung cancer and 255 control members of the cohort . Of these 500 individuals , data on 375 individuals were included in this study , excluding 125 cases , which developed lung cancer within the first 3 yr after blood sampling . Bulky DNA adduct levels were measured by 32P-postlabeling technique and polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair genes were determined . Potential predictors of bulky DNA adduct levels were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses . Women tended to have higher adduct levels than men . Living in central Copenhagen and surface darkness of fried meat and fish were associated with quantitative higher adduct levels . No significant associations were found between dietary factors or smoking and DNA adduct levels . Further , the results showed no prominent associations between any of 12 genetic polymorphisms and adduct levels . Overall , our study showed only few associations between dietary , environmental , and genetic factors and levels of bulky DNA adducts measured in peripheral leukocytes in a general Danish population .
    OUTPUT:

agent
genomic instability and mutation
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: Bulky DNA adducts are considered a potential biomarker of cancer risk . In this study , the association between various lifestyle , environmental , and genetic factors and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in peripheral leukocytes was examined in a study group nested within a population-based prospective Danish cohort . At enrollment , blood samples were collected and information on lifestyle , including dietary and smoking habits , obtained . Previously , bulky DNA adducts were measured in 245 individuals who developed lung cancer and 255 control members of the cohort . Of these 500 individuals , data on 375 individuals were included in this study , excluding 125 cases , which developed lung cancer within the first 3 yr after blood sampling . Bulky DNA adduct levels were measured by 32P-postlabeling technique and polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism and DNA repair genes were determined . Potential predictors of bulky DNA adduct levels were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses . Women tended to have higher adduct levels than men . Living in central Copenhagen and surface darkness of fried meat and fish were associated with quantitative higher adduct levels . No significant associations were found between dietary factors or smoking and DNA adduct levels . Further , the results showed no prominent associations between any of 12 genetic polymorphisms and adduct levels . Overall , our study showed only few associations between dietary , environmental , and genetic factors and levels of bulky DNA adducts measured in peripheral leukocytes in a general Danish population .
    OUTPUT:
