human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: We have developed fluorescent probes for the detection of strand scission in the excision repair of oxidatively damaged bases . They were hairpin-shaped oligonucleotides , each containing an isomer of thymine glycol or 5,6-dihydrothymine as a damaged base in the center , with a fluorophore and a quencher at the 5'- and 3'-ends , respectively . Fluorescence was detected when the phosphodiester linkage at the damage site was cleaved by the enzyme , because the short fragment bearing the fluorophore could not remain in a duplex form hybridized to the rest of the molecule at the incubation temperature . The substrate specificities of Escherichia coli endonuclease III and its human homolog , NTH1 , determined by using these probes agreed with those determined previously by gel electrophoresis using ( 32)P-labeled substrates . Kinetic parameters have also been determined by this method . Since different fluorophores were attached to the oligonucleotides containing each lesion , reactions with two types of substrates were analyzed separately in a single tube , by changing the excitation and detection wavelengths . These probes were degraded during an incubation with a cell extract . Therefore , phosphorothioate linkages were incorporated to protect the probes from nonspecific nucleases , and the base excision repair activity was successfully detected in HeLa cells .
    OUTPUT:

agent
genomic instability and mutation
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: We have developed fluorescent probes for the detection of strand scission in the excision repair of oxidatively damaged bases . They were hairpin-shaped oligonucleotides , each containing an isomer of thymine glycol or 5,6-dihydrothymine as a damaged base in the center , with a fluorophore and a quencher at the 5'- and 3'-ends , respectively . Fluorescence was detected when the phosphodiester linkage at the damage site was cleaved by the enzyme , because the short fragment bearing the fluorophore could not remain in a duplex form hybridized to the rest of the molecule at the incubation temperature . The substrate specificities of Escherichia coli endonuclease III and its human homolog , NTH1 , determined by using these probes agreed with those determined previously by gel electrophoresis using ( 32)P-labeled substrates . Kinetic parameters have also been determined by this method . Since different fluorophores were attached to the oligonucleotides containing each lesion , reactions with two types of substrates were analyzed separately in a single tube , by changing the excitation and detection wavelengths . These probes were degraded during an incubation with a cell extract . Therefore , phosphorothioate linkages were incorporated to protect the probes from nonspecific nucleases , and the base excision repair activity was successfully detected in HeLa cells .
    OUTPUT:
