human
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: Interleukin-23 ( IL-23 ) plays an essential role in the mucosal immune system . It has been suggested that IL-23 is able to induce carcinogenesis as well as inflammation and a recent study revealed that IL-23R is expressed in colorectal carcinoma cells . However , neither the differences in the IL-23R expression among the patients nor the concrete functions of IL-23 in colorectal carcinoma cells have been revealed . The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of IL-23R expression in colorectal carcinoma and the direct effects of IL-23 on colorectal cancer cells . We examined the IL-23R expression in human colorectal cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemistry . Cell proliferation and invasion assays under IL-23 stimulation were performed using cultured cells derived from colorectal cancer . ELISA and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the transforming growth factor ( TGF)-Î² production due to IL-23 stimulation . All of the TNM stage IV patients were positive for IL-23R . IL-23R expression in the carcinoma tissue was also relatively high at the deepest point of invasion in certain cases . The proliferative and invasive activities and/or TGF-Î² production of DLD-1 cells increased by IL-23 stimulation , whereas no change was observed in the activities of MIP101 and KM12c cells . IL-23 directly enhanced the malignancy of the colon carcinoma cells . An autocrine mechanism via TGF-Î² production may underlie these effects . IL-23 is therefore a potential target for cancer immunotherapy . However , the homogeneity in IL-23R expression and the effects of IL-23 on colorectal carcinoma cells should be considered .
    OUTPUT:

agent
activating invasion and metastasis
The task is to decide the Hallmarks of Cancer (HOC) taxonomy of the article based on its abstract. The input is an abstract text. There are 10 topics you will need to decide whether the article is related to. Topics: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genomic instability and mutation, tumor promoting inflammation, cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction. The output should be topics from the above 10 topics, that are related to the input article. Please note one article can be related to multiple topics. Output format: provide a semicolon-separated list of relevant topics.
    ###
    INPUT: Interleukin-23 ( IL-23 ) plays an essential role in the mucosal immune system . It has been suggested that IL-23 is able to induce carcinogenesis as well as inflammation and a recent study revealed that IL-23R is expressed in colorectal carcinoma cells . However , neither the differences in the IL-23R expression among the patients nor the concrete functions of IL-23 in colorectal carcinoma cells have been revealed . The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of IL-23R expression in colorectal carcinoma and the direct effects of IL-23 on colorectal cancer cells . We examined the IL-23R expression in human colorectal cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemistry . Cell proliferation and invasion assays under IL-23 stimulation were performed using cultured cells derived from colorectal cancer . ELISA and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the transforming growth factor ( TGF)-Î² production due to IL-23 stimulation . All of the TNM stage IV patients were positive for IL-23R . IL-23R expression in the carcinoma tissue was also relatively high at the deepest point of invasion in certain cases . The proliferative and invasive activities and/or TGF-Î² production of DLD-1 cells increased by IL-23 stimulation , whereas no change was observed in the activities of MIP101 and KM12c cells . IL-23 directly enhanced the malignancy of the colon carcinoma cells . An autocrine mechanism via TGF-Î² production may underlie these effects . IL-23 is therefore a potential target for cancer immunotherapy . However , the homogeneity in IL-23R expression and the effects of IL-23 on colorectal carcinoma cells should be considered .
    OUTPUT:
