***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: Sixteen studies with a combined total of 34,369 participants with an acute medical illness were included in this review. We identified 10 studies comparing heparin with placebo or no treatment and six studies comparing LMWH to UFH. Just under half of the studies had an open-label design, putting them at a risk of performance bias. Descriptions of random sequence generation and allocation concealment were missing in most of the studies. Heparin reduced the odds of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.67; P = 0.0004) . The estimated reductions in symptomatic non-fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.07; P = 0.07), fatal PE (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.15; P = 0.16) and in combined non-fatal PE and fatal PE (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.02; P = 0.06) associated with heparin were imprecise. Heparin resulted in an increase in major haemorrhage (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.71; P = 0.05). There was no clear evidence that heparin had an effect on all-cause mortality and thrombocytopaenia. Compared with UFH, LMWH reduced the risk of DVT (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.96; P = 0.02) and major bleeding (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.83; P = 0.01). There was no clear evidence that the effects of LMWH and UFH differed for the PE outcomes, all-cause mortality and thrombocytopaenia. The data from this review describe a reduction in the risk of DVT in patients presenting with an acute medical illness who receive heparin thromboprophylaxis. This needs to be balanced against an increase in the risk of bleeding associated with thromboprophylaxis. The analysis favoured LMWH compared with UFH, with a reduced risk of both DVT and bleeding.
Output:

This review of 16 trials in 34,369 non-surgical patients who suffered an acute medical illness found that heparin reduced the number of patients suffering DVTs but also increased the risk of bleeding complications when compared to participants that received a placebo or no medication. We had some concerns over how reliable the results were from the unblinded studies, which made up just under half of the studies. Also, most of the studies were lacking explanations of how the allocation of the treatments was performed. The lower risk of PEs (when combining those that caused death and those that did not) with heparin could have been a chance effect. There was no clear evidence of a difference in the rate of death or thrombocytopaenia. The review also found that patients who were given LMWH developed fewer DVTs and fewer bleeding complications compared with those given UFH, leading to the conclusion that LMWH is more effective and carries a lower risk of adverse events in preventing blood clots than with UFH. There was no clear evidence of differences between LMWH and UFH for PE, death or thrombocytopaenia.