***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: Four studies met the inclusion criteria (715 pregnant women), and reported on at least one of the outcomes of interest. We performed no meta-analyses as the interventions and outcomes measured in the studies were not sufficiently similar. For most outcomes there were no significant differences between groups; and results relating to abstaining or reducing alcohol consumption were mixed. Results from individual studies suggest that interventions may encourage women to abstain from alcohol in pregnancy. There was very little information provided on the effects of interventions on the health of mothers and babies. The evidence from the limited number of studies suggests that psychological and educational interventions may result in increased abstinence from alcohol, and a reduction in alcohol consumption among pregnant women. However, results were not consistent, and the paucity of studies, the number of total participants, the high risk of bias of some of the studies, and the complexity of interventions limits our ability to determine the type of intervention which would be most effective in increasing abstinence from, or reducing the consumption of, alcohol among pregnant women.
Output:

Four randomized controlled studies were included in the review; individual studies suggest that educational and counselling interventions may encourage women to abstain from alcohol or reduce the amount of alcohol they drink in pregnancy. The studies involved women who were less than 28 weeks pregnant who were consuming some alcohol. All were carried out in the USA. The interventions ranged from a 10-minute education session and provision of a self-help manual through to an hour-long motivational interview with reinforcement at each prenatal visit. Women in the control groups generally received routine care, which may have included advice on reducing alcohol intake. Outcomes were measured in different ways, and so results have been presented separately for each study. The studies provided very limited information on the effects of interventions on the health of women and their babies. There was very little information provided in these studies on the effects of interventions on the health of mothers and babies. There is an urgent need for more information in this area.