***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: Seven evaluable studies randomised 404 patients. There was no statistically significant effect on reduction of mortality with therapy: 8.4% versus controls 14.4%, and infected pancreatic necrosis rates: 19.7% versus controls 24.4%. Non-pancreatic infection rates and the incidence of overall infections were not significantly reduced with antibiotics: 23.7% versus 36%; 37.5% versus 51.9% respectively. Operative treatment and fungal infections were not significantly different. Insufficient data were provided concerning antibiotic resistance. With beta-lactam antibiotic prophylaxis there was less mortality (9.4% treatment, 15% controls), and less infected pancreatic necrosis (16.8% treatment group, 24.2% controls) but this was not statistically significant. The incidence of non-pancreatic infections was non-significantly different (21% versus 32.5%), as was the incidence of overall infections (34.4% versus 52.8%), and operative treatment rates. No significant differences were seen with quinolone plus imidazole in any of the end points measured. Imipenem on its own showed no difference in the incidence of mortality, but there was a significant reduction in the rate of pancreatic infection (p=0.02; RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.84). No benefit of antibiotics in preventing infection of pancreatic necrosis or mortality was found, except for when imipenem (a beta-lactam) was considered on its own, where a significantly decrease in pancreatic infection was found. None of the studies included in this review were adequately powered. Further better designed studies are needed if the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is to be recommended.
Output:

In the current review, data were found and analysed from 7 trials involving 404 patients randomly allocated to receive antibiotics or placebo. Although death occurred less after antibiotics (8.4%) than placebo (14.4%), as did infected pancreatic necrosis (19.7% versus 24.4%) and other infections (23.7% versus 36%), the differences were not statistically significant and so genuine benefit cannot be confirmed. There were no major problems with antibiotic resistance, and fungal infections were similar (3.9% versus 5%). The quality of studies was variable and only two were ‘blinded’, whereby investigators and patients were unaware of which treatment patients received. Many different regimens were used, and of the two main types of antibiotics used, a beta-lactam appeared to work better. Only one type of antibiotic (imipenem) was considered on its own, showing a significant decrease in infection of the pancreatic necrosis. Although we cannot confirm benefit from the use of prophylactic antibiotics in this condition, consistent trends towards a beneficial effect nevertheless remain. Further, better designed studies, ideally with beta-lactam antibiotics, are required.