***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria: three compared supervision with no supervision, five compared enhanced supervision with routine supervision, and one study compared less intensive supervision with routine supervision. Most outcomes were scores relating to providers’ practice, knowledge and provider or user satisfaction. The majority of the outcomes were measured within nine months after the interventions were introduced. In two studies comparing supervision with no supervision, small benefits on provider practice and knowledge were found. For methods of enhancing supervision, we identified five studies, and two studies of frequent supportive supervision demonstrated small benefits on workers performance. The one study examining the impact of less intensive supervision found no evidence that reducing the frequency of visits had any effect on the utilisation of services. The GRADE evidence quality for all comparisons and outcomes was "low" or "very low". It is uncertain whether supervision has a substantive, positive effect on the quality of primary health care in low- and middle-income countries. The long term effectiveness of supervision is unknown.
Output:

The studies in this review took place in nine countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, in both rural and urban areas. Most of the studies looked at the supervision of health care professionals (including nurses, midwives, health officers and physicians), while two studies examined the effect of supervision on community or lay health workers. The number of supervisory visits generally varied from one to six over a period of up to nine months. What happens when health workers are supervised? The evidence was of low to very low quality and the studies showed mixed results. Compared to no supervision, some studies showed that supervision had a small benefit on health worker practices and knowledge, while other studies showed no benefit or were inconclusive. We are therefore uncertain about the effects of supervision on the quality of primary healthcare services. A summary of this review for policy-makers is availablehere