***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: After conducting initial searches and screening the titles and abstracts of the identified literature, 77 full text papers were retrieved and read. Ultimately three studies were included. Two controlled before-after studies were conducted in hospital settings (one in the UK and one in the Netherlands) and one cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in a primary care setting (in the USA). The study conducted in primary care reported that physicians were receptive to the screening intervention, but the intervention did not result in any improvements in the malnutrition detection rate or nutritional intervention rate. The two studies conducted in hospitals had important methodological limitations. One study reported that as a result of the intervention, the recording of patients' weight increased in the intervention wards. No significant changes were observed in the referral rates to dietitians or care at meal time. The third study reported weight gains and a reduction in hospital acquired infection rate in the intervention hospital. They found no significant differences in length of stay, pressure sores, malnutrition and treatment costs per patient between the two hospitals. Current evidence is insufficient to support the effectiveness of nutritional screening, although equally there is no evidence of no effect. Therefore, more high quality studies should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of nutritional screening in different settings.
Output:

We searched for studies evaluating the effects of nutritional screening as a main intervention in hospital and primary care settings on patient outcomes such as mortality, illness, health related quality of life, and change in BMI or weight. We also searched for studies evaluating process outcomes like identification of patients requiring nutritional care, data recording (e.g. weight and BMI), or referral of patients to dietitians or similar. Three studies met our inclusion criteria, but they were very dissimilar in their design, setting, intervention and outcomes. One study found that primary care physicians were receptive to the intervention but it did not result in any improvement in detection rate and nutritional intervention rate. Two studies were conducted in hospitals: one reported that patients’ weight documentation increased as a result of the intervention, and the other reported significant weight gains and reduction in hospital acquired infection rate in the intervention hospital. Both of these studies suffered from limitations in their design, and it was not possible to rule out the impact of confounding factors on their findings. As a result, we conclude that evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional screening is insufficient. Therefore, further high quality studies should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of nutritional screening programmes in hospitals and communities.