***TASK***
the task is to simplify the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***INPUT***
the input is the abstract of a biomedical literature

***OUTPUT***
the output is the simplified abstract for the input abstract of a biomedical literature

***DOCUMENTATION***

***EXAMPLES***

Input: Four studies with a total of 136 participants were included. Two studies compared the use of plugs versus no plugs, one study compared two sizes of the same brand of plug, and one study compared two brands of plugs. In all included studies there was considerable dropout (in total 48 (35%) dropped out before the end of the study) for varying reasons. Data presented are thus subject to potential bias. 'Pseudo-continence' was, however, achieved by some of those who continued to use plugs, at least in the short-term. In a comparison of two different types of plug, plug loss was less often reported and overall satisfaction was greater during use of polyurethane plugs than polyvinyl-alcohol plugs. The available data were limited and incomplete, and not all pre-specified outcomes could be evaluated. Consequently, only tentative conclusions are possible. The available data suggest that anal plugs can be difficult to tolerate. However, if they are tolerated they can be helpful in preventing incontinence. Plugs could then be useful in a selected group of people either as a substitute for other forms of management or as an adjuvant treatment option. Plugs come in different designs and sizes; the review showed that the selection of the type of plug can impact on its performance.
Output:

Four studies with a total of 136 participants were included. Two studies compared the use of plugs versus no plugs. The involuntary loss of stool was effectively blocked (pseudo-continence) in six (38%) participants who continued to use the plugs, at least in the short-term. One study compared two sizes of the same brand of plug; due to the high dropout in this study and the incomplete data, no results concerning this comparison are available. In one study a comparison of two different brands of plug was made. Loss of plug was reported by 7 patients (30%) with a polyurethane (PU) plug and by 15 patients (65%) with the polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) plug. Overall satisfaction, defined as patients' opinion that the plug was good to very good, was reported more often for the PU plug (n = 17) than for the PVA plug (n = 8). In all included studies there was considerable dropout; in total 48 participants (35%) dropped out before the end of the study for varying reasons. Data presented are thus subject to potential bias, and only tentative conclusions are possible. The available data suggest that anal plugs can be difficult to tolerate. However, if they are tolerated they can be helpful in preventing incontinence. Plugs could then be useful in a selected group of people either as a substitute for other forms of management or as an adjuvant treatment option. Plugs come in different designs and sizes; the review showed that the selection of the type of plug can impact on its performance.