In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. 
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.

### Input Text: Risk factors associated with the development of torsades de pointes were the appearance of an U wave ( p = 0 . 049 ) , female gender ( p = 0 . 015 ) , and significant dose - corrected changes of SCL , QT interval , and QTc interval ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
### Output Text:
Risk factors associated with the development of torsades de pointes were the appearance of an U wave ( p = 0 . 049 ) , female gender ( p = 0 . 015 ) , and significant dose - corrected changes of SCL , QT interval , and QTc interval ( p < 0 . 05 ) . 