In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. 
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.

### Input Text: Decreases were evident in both LV end - diastolic pressure ( from 17 + / - 7 to 15 + / - 6 mmHg , p = 0 . 0480 and Tau ( from 48 + / - 8 to 45 + / - 8 ms , p < 0 . 01 ) , while fractional shortening at the LV base increased from 7 . 7 + / - 4 . 5 % to 9 . 4 + / - 4 . 5 % ( p = 0 . 045 ) .
### Output Text:
Decreases were evident in both LV end - diastolic pressure ( from 17 + / - 7 to 15 + / - 6 mmHg , p = 0 . 0480 and Tau ( from 48 + / - 8 to 45 + / - 8 ms , p < 0 . 01 ) , while fractional shortening at the LV base increased from 7 . 7 + / - 4 . 5 % to 9 . 4 + / - 4 . 5 % ( p = 0 . 045 ) . 