Attitudes towards nursing research for students from different regions of Perú, 2020

The attitude towards research emphasizes the ability of pronunciation and understanding of the nursing student when carrying out research work, therefore the objective is to determine the attitude towards the research of nursing students from different regions of Peru. It is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, with a population of 149 nursing students from different regions of Peru, who responded to a survey with sociodemographic data and the scale of attitudes towards research. In the results, it was obtained that the attitude towards the research of nursing students, 95.3% have a moderately positive attitude towards research. In conclusion, teaching with respect to research should be strengthened so that they encourage the student to enhance their investigative capacities.

becomes a priority of nursing teachers (Escamilla, 2014), since they must be encouraged in an interesting way where the student is trained correctly as a person and also as a future nursing professional (Halabi and Hamdan, 2012). But today due to the coronavirus pandemic , the research training in the student has been carried out virtually, so they themselves must adapt to the new education and be able to maintain their attitude towards research in the best way and power develop investigative skills that can improve over time (Ramsay et al., 2020).
In Turkey, determined nursing students' attitude towards research. They showed 13.6% of students had scientific research experience and 47.5% had participated in research meetings and seminars. This study suggests that encouraging students to research improves their skills and attitudes toward research (Ünver et al., 2018).
In Cuba, a study was carried out in 58 nursing students, where in their results, 93.1% of the students consider that research is important to care for the patient, 73.1% consider that it is important to manage nursing services and 74.1% consider to improve the quality of patient care, therefore they concluded that the perception towards research that nursing students have is important because it will contribute to their clinical practices (Martínez et al., 2018).
In Peru, a study was carried out on 80 nursing interns, where it was observed that 58.8% of the interns have a negative attitude towards research, 41.3% have a positive attitude towards research. For this reason, they interpreted that a program of research competencies should be carried out in the nursing intern that allows them to improve and be able to exercise their profession correctly (Gálvez et al., 2019).
The objective of the research is to determine the attitude towards the research of nursing students from different regions of Peru, 2020. This will give us important data that allow us to observe how the attitude of nursing students is in research.

Methodology
In this part, the type and design of the research will be developed, also the population in which the research work will be carried out, the inclusion and exclusion criteria will also be given in detail, and finally the technique and instrument of data collection.

Research type and design
The present study, due to its characteristics, way of collecting data and measuring the variables involved, has a quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological design, it is a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study (Hernández et al., 2014).

Population
The present research work is made up of 149 nursing students from different universities in the regions of Peru.

Inclusion criteria:
 Nursing students who are studying from the 6 th semester to the 10 th semester.  Nursing students who voluntarily participate in the research work.  Nursing students who have signed the informed consent based on the ethical principles of nursing (justice, equity, charity, and non-maleficence).

Exclusion criteria:
 Nursing students who are studying from the 1 st semester to the 5 th semester.  Students who have not signed the informed consent.

Technique and instrument
The technique that was used is the virtual survey of google form, in which through the data collection instrument Scale of Attitudes towards Research (Escala de Actitudes hacia la Investigación (AECIN) in Spanish) which aims to measure the attitude of nursing students towards research.
For data collection, it was structured in 2 sections, 1) Sociodemographic data sheet as age, sex, marital status, type of family, university, semester of study, department, or province; 2) Scale of Attitudes towards Research that comprises 34 items into 3 dimensions, the affective dimension with 9 items, the cognitive dimension with 12 items and the behavioral dimension with 13 items, with a Likertype scale with 5 response options, "0=strongly disagree," "1=disagree," "2=neither agree nor disagree," "3=agree" and "4=strongly agree," the total score is obtained by adding all their items by inverting items 1,4,5,9,14,19,23,27,28,30 and 34, so their total score varies from 0 to 136, where "0 to 45 is negative attitude," "46 to 91 is moderately positive attitude" and "92 to 136 is a positive attitude," the higher the score corresponds to a positive attitude towards research (Quezada et al., 2019).
A data matrix was used in the study that will be designed in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics in its version 26.0, which will allow us a better data processing to carry out the tabulations and figures so that they are later described and interpreted in results and discussions, respectively.

Place and application of the instrument
The virtual survey was carried out to measure the attitude towards the research of nursing students from different regions of Peru, which was carried out in the Universities of Lima, Arequipa, Cajamarca, and Iquitos.
In order to start the data collection process, it coordinated with university students from the Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Universidad San Martin de Porres, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa y Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana to participate in the research work voluntarily.
In Fig. 1, it is possible to observe the attitude towards the research of nursing students, where 142 (95.3%) present a moderately positive attitude towards research and 7 (4.7%) a positive attitude towards research.  Table 1 shows the attitude toward research of nursing students according to the university from different regions of Peru, which was determined with Pearson's chi-square test (X 2 ). The level of significance of the test obtained a value of 0.7 (p>0.05) (X 2 = 2,845; d.f = 4), for which there is statistical data that verify the relationship between the attitude towards the research of nursing students and the University. Therefore, we can interpret that nursing students from the Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades to have a moderately positive attitude towards research 70 (94.6%) and 4 (5.4%) have a positive attitude towards research, from the Universidad San Martín de Porres 18 (90%) have a moderately positive attitude and 2 (10%) have a positive attitude towards research, from the Universidad de la Amazonía Peruana 15 (100%) have a moderately positive attitude towards research, the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa 24 (96%) present a moderately positive attitude and 1 (4%) present a positive attitude towards research and from the Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca 15 (100%) present a moderately positive attitude towards research. Table 2 shows the attitude towards the research of nursing students in relation to the semester of study, which was determined with Pearson's chisquare test (X 2 ). The level of significance of the test obtained a value of 1.17 (p> 0.05) (X 2 = 0.116; df = 2), for which there is statistical data that verify the relationship between the attitude towards the research of nursing students and the University.  In Fig. 2, we can observe in the affective dimension of the attitude towards research that 26 (17.4%) present a high attitude, 108 (72.5%) of the nursing students present a medium attitude and 15 (10.1%) have a low attitude towards research.
In Fig. 3, we can observe in the cognitive dimension of the attitude towards research that 94 (63.1%) present a medium attitude, 29 (19.5) present a high attitude and 26 (17.4%) present a low attitude towards research.
In Fig. 4, we can observe in the behavioral dimension of attitude towards research that 88 (59%) of nursing students present a medium attitude, 32 (21.5%) present a high attitude, and 29 (19.5%) %) have a low attitude towards research.
These results are important since they will show us the attitude presented by nursing students from different regions of Peru and the comparison between students at different universities to observe which of all of them presents a better attitude towards research.

Discussions
In this research work, an approach was provided from the perspective of nursing students from different regions of Peru Attitude towards Research.
In the results of the attitude towards research in nursing students, we can observe that nursing students present a moderately positive attitude. This shows that nursing students as they advance in their university stage the level of knowledge towards research is increasing. Gálvez et al. (2019) showed that research knowledge in nursing students gradually increases with the semesters, because in the lower semesters, lack of understanding of statistical programs and limited skills to search for information, there is a negative attitude towards research. In the same way, Ochoa-Vigo et al. (2016) explained that research training in nursing students must be interactive, where the teacher shows their theoretical and practical skills that allow the student the ease of understanding the importance of research so that their research aptitude increases. Likewise, with respect to its dimensions in the affective dimension, it was observed that nursing students have a medium attitude towards research, for this reason, we state that the student at the time of carrying out research must consider the interest and support from the teacher, since that the nursing student places more emphasis on caring and dedication to the patient instead of conducting research. In the same way, Kovačević et al. (2017) affirmed that nursing students are more interested in caring for the patient than doing research work since they mention that the time they had did not allow them to carry out nursing research work.
In its cognitive dimension, nursing students presented a medium attitude towards research, therefore it is interpreted that in the academic field of students, research training is improving every time because the learning they carry is increasingly realized Critical and reflective for the students since their research work will be oriented towards the care of the patient's life, where cognitive and affective aspects will be required that allow them to use care in a more technical and humanized way, Uysal et al. (2017) maintained that the training education of students in the research aspect is very important because it will allow them to develop or improve their technical skills in relation to patient care.
In the behavioral dimension, nursing students presented a medium attitude towards research, this is because the way students understand research is improving throughout their careers and education of teachers is essential for their training and, it will allow them to improve their decision-making in the clinical aspect of patient care. Al Furaikh et al. (2017) argued that the education carried out by teachers should encourage students since it allows them to improve in the clinical aspect, where they show their abilities to solve problems, maintain creative thinking and logical reasoning in themselves to improve health care.

Conclusion
It is concluded that universities must implement educational strategies on research that allow students to show their capacities and knowledge of health towards research. At the same time, teaching with respect to research should be strengthened so that they encourage the student to enhance their research capacities.
It is concluded that students must participate in research conferences related to their career that allows them to show their capacity and development in the area so that universities encourage and develop strategies within the academic plans of nursing students since the Research subjects form a suitable idea for the integral formation of teachers towards students.

Conflict of interest
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.