PECULIARITIES OF MEN'S ADAPTATION POTENTIAL UNDER THE FORCE LOADS EFFECTS

We studied the problems of improving sports and fitness classes in strength fitness to increase the adaptive capacity of the body of untrained young men aged 20-21 years old by using different load regimes. In the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, it was found that the methodology and the impact of loads on adaptation processes are not comprehensively studied. In addition, effective and at the same time safe load regimens using various exercises in sports and recreation are not developed to the full extent. To study the impact of strength training, 20 untrained people were invited. They used two load modes: Group 1 standard level and Group 2 high-intensity and low-volume mode. As a result of the analysis of the obtained indicators of adaptive potential in the 1st group, which were recorded during 3 months of training under power loads, the optimal period of duration of significant adaptive changes in their body, which intensified after the second month of training, was determined. The analysis of lean body weight shows an increase relative to the second month not only in the 1st group, but no significant changes were recorded in the 2nd group. The analysis of the results of the comprehensive body size of young men in both untrained groups show almost identical parameters. The level of coverage in the participants of the 1st group is on average 8.9% lower compared to the results obtained in the 2nd group.

Based on the results obtained, we can say that the most informative markers for assessing adaptive changes in the body of men with a low level of physical fitness are morphometric parameters of the body.
Key words: adaptive changes; physical activity; morphometric parameters; body composition; load regime.
Introduction. Due to the active automation of life in the modern world there is a decrease in motor activity which leads to deterioration of physical development and processes of adaptation to physical activity of different orientations, as well as the manifestation of various pathological conditions due to inadequacy of loads. All this stuff is of concern among specialists in physical culture and sports and among scientists in the field of biology and medicine. In modern literature the results of the researches on studying a problem of processes of adaptation of a human body to physical activities, namely on studying mechanisms of adaptation in professional sports are widely presented. At the same time, despite the global popularization of strength fitness, which is an affordable type of physical activity for both physical development and for the recovery of their body as a whole, the research to study the features of adaptive-compensatory reactions in such conditions of muscular activity and to develop the safest and most effective modes of operation are practically absent [7,10]. The same problem can be observed not only while strength fitness but also in professional activities.
Due to new requirements, the main purpose of which is to achieve the maximum adaptive changes in the shortest period of time, which leads to a significant increase in the likelihood of physical fatigue and even the development of pathological conditions because of inadequate loads on their body. The peculiarities of adaptive-compensatory reactions of the human body in the conditions of force loads of different orientation, as well as the mechanism of finding effective and safe ways to optimize the training process taking into account the level of its physical development are insufficiently studied [3,5,7]. Accordingly, significant physical activity, especially during their long-term action, causes significant morphofunctional changes in the human body. Most often such situations occur in the initial stages of exercise, which are carried out under conditions of mismatch of the body's capabilities to the levels of the proposed training programs. The prevention of the development of these phenomena involves the systematic study of adaptive-compensatory reactions of the body to force loads which occur in conditions of prolonged motor activity of different orientations.
According to the above, the lack of effective methods for quantifying the amount of load is one of the main problems of the modern system of physical training of strength, the solution of which will allow to develop the most optimal and safe training regimes depending on the conditions of muscular activity and the level of training in order to achieve a high level of adaptive changes in the body.
The purpose of research is to establish safe load regimes in strength fitness to develop a comprehensive system for optimizing the adaptive-compensatory reactions of the human body in the conditions of muscular activity of different orientations. A certain ratio of the values of the training load indicator in the process of muscular tension reflects the structure of the physical activity regime with the corresponding advantage of the indicators of the work intensity or its volume level.
At the beginning of the research, a number of studies were conducted to establish primary, reliably safe levels of physical activity for individuals who had not had physical training. To do this, we used the "standard" mode of physical activity: standard and highintensity training in the process of training [12].
The following methods were used for the study: morphofunctional, these are anthropometry, using a height meter, centimeter tape, bioimpedancemetry using the device Omron BF-508, determining the parameters of maximum muscle strength; determination of the level of adaptational potential by calculating the formula for which blood pressure, heart rate, weight, height were measured and the age of the subject was taken into account.
To assess the primary level of the development of the maximum muscle strength of the surveyed contingent and to determine the dynamics of the parameters of these control indicators in the process of long-term strength fitness the method of control testing was used [9]. At the same time, the obtained data were used during the calculations of the level of physical activity. The maximum strength development of the following muscle groups was measured: pectoral muscles, leg and back muscles, triceps and biceps [4,9]. The determination of these indicators was investigated systematically at intervals of one month.
The measurements were performed before the start of the training session according to the generally accepted methods and, accordingly, at the end of the research period [1,8,10].
Taking into account the generally accepted technique of performing the exercise [2], the subjects were given three attempts after the warming-up in order to determine the maximum parameters of muscle strength. The results of the best attempt were entered into the study protocol.
Research results and their discussion. The nature of changes in the parameters of morphometric indicators of the body composition in general is a reflection of the adaptive potential of the human body to an adequate stimulus, namely the exercise.
One of the ways to improve the modes of training loads is to optimize the parameters of the intensity and volume of the strength work [6,12].
The analysis of the initial research results shows that the indicators of the body size of young men of both untrained groups show almost identical parameters. The level of the studied indicators in the participants of the 1st group, on average, is only 8.9% (p <0.05) lower compared to the results obtained in the 2nd group. This fact indicates that not always specialized training activities, which significantly increase the maximum muscle strength of a person during long-term strength sports, can be equally effective in increasing its morphometric parameters.    In the 2nd group, a significant trend of changes in the controlled indicator was also not recorded during this period of research, which indicates a high level of tolerance of their body to stimuli of this nature.
The functionality assessment was performed by calculating the adaptation potential according to the formula which took into account blood preassure, heart rate, weight, height and age (Fig. 1). Heart rate and blood pressure are undoubtedly the most important indicators of the functional activity of the cardiovascular system. During sports activities, heart rate and blood pressure are one of the most objective and accessible indicators of registration of the performed work capacity.
The observation of its changes during training allows to control the intensity of physical activity and the rate of adaptation of the body to physical activity. At the end of the three-month experiment, we received an improvement in adaptive capacity in both before training (14.3%) and after it (17.65%) in the 1st group with a standard load. In the 2nd group with a high level of intensity, less positive adaptive changes can also be observed. There are, the AP rate improved by 9.53% before exercise, but the rate improved by 21.2% after it. We can say that the nature of the functional capabilities of the subjects when performing standard physical activity reflects the lower level of efficiency and adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system. This is due to the fact that during exercises the heart works in the least economical mode and its compensatory capabilities are limited. In the process of three-month control of the dynamics of the basal level, quite significant adaptive changes were found in the form of increasing the morphometric parameters of the body and increasing the maximum muscle strength.