Portraits of Children ' s Autonomy in PAUD Alam Minangkabau

This article is motivated by the results of research on how children's autonomy in PAUD Alam Minangkabau. Autonomy is one aspect of human personality that cannot stand alone, this means that autonomy is related to other aspects of personality such as social aspects, emotional aspects, physical and psychological aspects. The purpose of this study is to describe how the autonomy of children in PAUD Alam Minangkabau. Data collection techniques used are the format of observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations focused on children and interviews were conducted with school principals and teachers on how to instill autonomy. From the results of this study, it is illustrated that almost all children have good autonomy where autonomy has been well developed through the collaboration of parents and teachers in the development of children's autonomy. With the existence of such cooperation the development of autonomy can be carried out maximally. Seen when the child can be left by parents at school and do various activities for him without having to be helped by teachers or other adult.


INTRODUCTION
Education0is0a fundamental aspects in the continuation of human life. This requires knowledge of skills and attitudes so that humans can adapt themselves to their family environment and the community environment. Children's education at an early age has an extraordinary influence on children's development because it lays the foundation for further development. When the children grows up, education at an early age will provide a deep scar and significantly affect the attitude, behavior, and intelligence (Nurhafizah & Azlina, 2015). Early Childhood Education is a level of education that is generally between the ages of 4-6 years.
Education in this kindergarten is not compulsory education (Masitoh;2009), but its role is vital as a fundamental educational stage. Therefore education in kindergarten requires special attention from teachers, parents, and also from the government and managing foundations. Without attention from various parties, education in kindergarten will not achieve maximum results as expected. At present, education in kindergarten is still in a stage of change from a program that focuses on social and emotional development into kindergarten that emphasizes academic values, especially reading, writing, mathematics, and science, and preparing children to think and solve problems.
Early childhood education is education given from the children birth to eight years old. Education for early childhood is the basis for the formation of the human personality as a whole, which is characterized by nature, noble character, intelligence and skill. Early childhood education must be based on the needs of children, adjusted to the values held in the surrounding environment. Education provided must be following the stages of child development and carried out in a playful atmosphere (Yaswinda, Yulsyofriend, Farida Mayar, 2018).
In order for the development process to be carried out successfully according to the expected goals, the teacher can determine approaches, strategies, methods, and media that are appropriate to the development of students. Marrison (2012) states that the practice of development following development is Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP), which means that the teacher's teaching practice is based on the way children grow and develop. DAP is a recommended teaching practice in this profession, so it is hoped that teachers can understand how children grow and develop at all stages of development, namely cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical.
Children are scientific scientists because, through their five senses, children can observe natural phenomena that surround them. Children are ready to carry out various activities in order to understand and master their environment. These periods are critical periods in which a child needs the right stimuli to achieve perfect maturity. If at this critical time, the child can get the right stimulation in the form of exercise or learning process, the child will experience difficulties in the next developmental period. In this way, the learning process of children from an early age is vital (Nurhafizah, 2017).
One aspect of personality that must be developed in early childhood is autonomy. Autonomy in English is called autonomy, which is an attitude in the form of a decision to take a risk, manage yourself, without obtaining or asking for help from others. (Santrock 2018). In obtaining autonomy, socially, emotionally, and intellectually, children must be allowed to be responsible for what they do. Independent children are usually able to overcome problems faced in their developmental stages, such as being able to regulate themselves and not depend on others.
Self-reliance is one that must be possessed of adult life skills and is one of their developmental tasks. However, autonomy will not arise by itself without the excellent guidance and conditions of childhood (Yaswinda, 2013).
Yamin 2012 stated that "autonomy is very closely related to children as individuals who have self-concept, self-esteem, and self-regulation".
Autonomy must be trained from an early age, and the development of early childhood autonomy can be  (Moleong, 2007).
Researchers in this study will observe the development of children's autonomy. Therefore the researchers chose the research subjects by saturation sampling. According to (Sugiyono 2009 However, one day the researcher is also not forthright about a matter because he wants to obtain confidential data (Sugiyono, 2012). The number of objects studied was 20 people.

Based on observations a) Monday 08 October 2018
This is where the autonomy of children can be assessed when children can wash their own hands, prepare their food, and share their peers who do not bring food or drink.

b) Tuesday 09 October 2018
Where the child is introduced to papaya leaves behind the class, then the child is told to pick leaves every one child picks one leaf ... And imitates the activities, and the child also does the same thing.
Here the autonomy of the children is excellent because all children can do the work until completion.

c) Wednesday 10 October 2018
Where the social aspect of the autonomy of children is seen here when the children help one another in cleaning the garden and mistaking plants.

d) Thursday 11 October 2018
Where the children here are invited by the teacher to watch together to the opposite class. Before going to the opposite class, children queued up first to line up to do watching activities. Here, the patience of the children in turns walked across to the opposite class. Then the children were enthusiastic about watching. After finished watching, the children were given more questions about what they watched earlier.

e) Monday 15 October 2018
In the child learning also shows his autonomy where the child likes to do the assignment given by the teacher and do it himself without assistance until completion.

f) Wednesday, October 17, 2018
After taking iqra, children take turns to read iqra with the teacher. That day the child's autonomy is seen when the child is patiently waiting for his turn, which aspect of the child's emotional autonomy is seen.

Discussion
Based on the results of the study, researchers will describe the discussion of data analysis, because this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach, then the data collection techniques that researchers use are guidelines for observation, interviews, and documentation. The researchers' results that have been obtained will be used to obtain the expected results. Then it will be relevant to the related discussion.
The results of researchers that researchers Also, according to Susanto 2018, 94 states the term autonomy in English is called autonomy, is an attitude in the form of a decision to take a risk, manage yourself, without obtaining or asking for help from others.
Titik Kristiyani (in Syafaruddin, 2004: 147) states that autonomy can be interpreted as an ability to think, feel, and do, something itself. Autonomy can also be interpreted as a skill to help yourself both physically and psychologically. Physical autonomy is the ability to take care of oneself, while psychological autonomy is the ability to make decisions and solve the problems at hand. The autonomy of children from the intellectual aspect seen here all their children are independent and can do their own tasks to complete. The way teachers here make children can enjoy learning and completing assignments given by the teacher, which is done alone by studying outside the room so that the activities are not monotonous and boring.
The autonomy of children from the social aspects of children in this school is functional because the children here can share food with their friends, and children can also socialize with all their friends.
No children are picky about friends. It because the teachers have started to embed the nature of sharing and not choosing friends from early in their school years, so that the children can develop and implement the social aspects well.