Status Quo and Improvement of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education System in China

In the new era, Sino-foreign cooperative education requires new actions. To be specific, relevant systems should be formulated and implemented. As for the current Sino-foreign cooperative education system, on the one hand, China actively promotes the development of Sino-foreign cooperative education with both laws and policies. On the other hand, the quality of Si-no-foreign cooperative education does not match its increase in quantity, which results from many existing problems in current systems. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish and improve relevant legal systems, strengthen government supervision, and coordinate Sino-foreign educational cooperation in an overall manner in the new era. These improvement solutions will help promote increase in both the quantity and the quality of school running, train international talents with national consciousness, serve the Belt and Road, and build a community of a shared future for mankind.


Introduction
Sino-foreign cooperative education, an education mode which combines Chinese education with foreign education, is increasingly becoming an integral part of China's educational cause under the guidance of laws and policies and with the support of the government. It plays a key role in nurturing international talents. Sino-foreign cooperative education system has obvious advantages, but still needs improvements on the other hand. With the construction of the Belt and Road national strategy and the community with a shared future for mankind, Sino-foreign cooperative education system will continue to develop in the future

Status Quo of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education System in China
With China's accession to the WTO and opening-up, Sino-foreign cooperative education has flourished. In 1983, the Nanjing Architecture Vocational and Technical Education Center was set up under Sino-German cooperation. In 1986, the Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies was set up under Sino-US cooperation. They are regarded as the start of Sino-foreign cooperative vocational education and higher education institution respectively. After more than 30 years of development, by December 2018, China has approved the establishment and launch of totally 2389 Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and programs (Xiong, 2019).

Advantages of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education System in China
First, China's laws and policies strongly support Sino-foreign cooperative education. The Regulations specifies that China encourages Sino-foreign cooperative education that introduces high-quality foreign educational resources and encourages Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions to introduce internationally advanced courses. The Outline specifically sets a chapter titled Expanding Educational Opening-up to stress on the introduction of high-quality educational resources. The Opinions proposes broader opening-up and Belt and Road education initiative. The Action confirms the implementation of the Silk Road Cooperative Education Program. With the support and encouragement of corresponding national systems, Sino-foreign cooperative education has developed rapidly and become an increasingly important part of China's educational cause. Second, China's policies expand Sino-foreign cooperative education. So far, under the guidance of national policies, there are various Sino-foreign cooperative education modes, including Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and Sino-foreign cooperation programs. There are various cultivation modules, including mixed cultivation, segmented cultivation, one-way cultivation, two-way cultivation, etc. There are various disciplines, including science and engineering majors such as computer science and automation, as well as various arts majors such as international economy and trade, foreign languages, and so on. By January 2018, Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and programs approved cover all levels and types of teaching, involving more than 200 majors in 12 disciplines including natural sciences, engineering sciences, humanities and social sciences and so on (Golden Luke, 2018

The Legal System Still Needs Improvements
As mentioned above, at present, the most important law regulating Sino-foreign cooperative education in China is the Regulations promulgated in 2003. Although the Regulations plays an important role in promoting cooperative education, it can hardly meet the needs of cooperative education with the development of the times. For example, the Regulations stipulates that Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions are for public welfare undertaking, but under the development of market economy, Sino-foreign cooperative education tends to be market-oriented and commercialized. Its non-profit nature is diluted. We know that foreign education institutions are for commercial purpose in nature, but many Chinese education institutions also begin to pursue economic interests.
How to guide cooperative education to correctly handle the relationship between non-profit nature and profitability has become a new focus, which is also the conflict between Chinese and foreign education. In addition, the Regulations itself has some shortcomings. For example, the Regulations encourages to introduce high-quality foreign educational resources, but there is no clear definition for what constitute high-quality foreign educational resources, and the standards are vague. Furthermore, the Regulations focuses on regulating the establishment, examination and change of Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions, but neglects the macro management of teaching activities. It is biased in this regard.
We still have a long way to go to construct a whole-process supervision mechan-

Uneven School Running Level and Quality
At present, the quality of Sino-foreign cooperative education cannot be positively correlated with the number of Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions.
Besides, government supervision of school running quality is not in place. As a result, Sino-foreign cooperative education is faced with varying school running level and quality, which further restricts its long-term development. Specifically

Cooperative Education Still Cannot Coordinate Sino-Foreign Educational Conflicts
Sino-foreign cooperative education in China has developed more rapidly after China's accession to the WTO. The number of Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions has been increasing. The number of programs has been increasing year by year. Many cooperation achievements have been achieved. However, this period of rapid development has been just over ten years. The integration between China's education and international education is still in the F. Xiao, R. S. Zhong DOI: 10.4236/jss.2020.812008 early stage, and the cooperation between the two sides is under exploration and running-in, and has not yet achieved big results. On the one hand, China's education system is quite different from that of European and American countries. In recent years, Sino-foreign cooperative education has encountered many conflicts and contradictions, such as different teaching concepts, diversified school running modes, asymmetric information, and conflicts between the non-profit nature and industrialization of education. Moreover, it is difficult to solve these problems only by universities of both sides. Instead, countries should coordinate to strengthen top-level design. At present, China pays more attention to domestic educational norms while not much to Sino-foreign educational coordination, which leads to continuous conflicts in Sino-foreign cooperative education and restricts further Sino-foreign education exchanges and cooperation. For example, unqualified Sino-foreign cooperative education programs keep emerging as China lacks information about foreign universities. Another example is the conflict between the non-profit nature of Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and the profitability of foreign education institutions. For foreign higher education institutions, commercial profits or economic interests are one of the main motivations for their international education service trade (Lin & Liu 2007). This is contrary to the Regulations, which stipulates that Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions should be for public welfare. On the other hand, Sino-foreign cooperative education also balances education sovereignty and educational internationalization and globalization. It is inevitable that Sino-foreign cooperative education will bring an impact on education sovereignty.
The key lies in how to reduce the impact and cultivate high-level talents with both ethnic and national consciousness as well as international vision in the tide of education internationalization. Obviously, China still needs institutional improvements in this aspect.

Suggestions on Improving Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education System in China
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "with long-term efforts, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which will have an important historic bearing on China's future". In this new era, Sino-foreign cooperative education will take on a new look. Under the guidance of the new era, Sino-foreign cooperative education should further open up education, cultivate international talents for the new era, and contribute to the Belt and Road Initiative and a community with a shared future for mankind. The development prospect of Sino-foreign cooperative education depends on national policies to a large extent, which is also determined by China's political system (Li, 2011). Therefore, Sino-foreign cooperative education system in the new era should be further improved and deepened. The main line running through it should be equal emphasis on quality and quantity, so as to cultivate international talents with national consciousness in the new era to serve national development.

Consolidate the Foundation for Cooperation: Establish and Improve Relevant Legal Systems
Laws can pave the way for Sino-foreign cooperative education. At present, the Ministry of Education is revising the Regulations. Therefore, comprehensive laws and regulations for Sino-foreign cooperative education will not be far behind. To be specific, the following measures can be taken to improve relevant legal systems for Sino-foreign cooperative education. First, we can revise the

Provide Guarantee for Cooperation: Strengthen Government Supervision to Improve School Running Quality
The key to Sino-foreign cooperative education is whether we can introduce high-quality educational resources and guarantee the development and utilization of resources introduced in terms of system and mechanism (Wang & Li, 2013). Government supervision is particularly important to ensure high-quality educational resources. With the promotion of the Belt and Road national strategy and the incorporation of a community with a shared future for mankind into the Constitution, there will be more and more Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and programs in the future. Therefore, government supervision is definitely necessary. On the one hand, in the process of globalization, it should be the focus of future laws and policies to adopt more relaxed policy requirements and standards for the qualification of school-running entities, improve examination and approval procedures, and establish a sound information disclosure system, so as to increase the number of Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions. On the other hand, in the future, China should strengthen government supervision. To be specific, the government should strengthen its supervision and support the development of third-party institutions to ensure external evaluation, encourage self-evaluation of institutions, and disclose regulatory information, so as to improve school running quality and level. First of all, after summarizing current experience, the government should actively improve its management ability, maintain strict examination and approval, and comprehensively supervise Sino-foreign cooperative education. It should pay attention to teaching activities, improve teachers' quality, adjust course contents, strengthen school running quality, and build cooperative education withdrawal mechanism. With these measures, its supervision work can be consistent and run through the whole process of school running. Secondly, the government should promote the development of third-party institutions and promulgate policies to guide them to improve relevant quality assessment standards and procedures, so as to form a standardized quality assessment system and provide guarantee for Sino-foreign cooperative education quality. Furthermore, education quality depends a lot on schools, so the government should promote schools to conduct self-assessment, establish and improve internal teaching quality guarantee mechanism and give play to the role of students in teaching assessment so as to enhance supervision. Finally, information disclosure is the best for supervision. By establishing a supervision platform for Sino-foreign cooperative education to disclose the government's supervision, third-party assessment results, and schools' self-assessment, we can not only protect and safeguard the public's right to know and supervise, but also improve school running quality. To improve Sino-foreign cooperative education, it is necessary to construct a diversified supervision mechanism and form an effective supervision system. In this way, we Open Journal of Social Sciences tention to teaching contents, and attach importance to the cultivation of international talents with ethnic and national consciousness. Besides, we should timely summarize experience in Sino-foreign cooperative education, and actively participate in the formulation of rules for educational internationalization when "going out", so as to share China's ideas with the world.

Conclusion
In the new era, Sino-foreign cooperative education has a broad prospect. It plays a unique role in the construction of the Belt and Road and a community with a shared future for mankind. What China should do is to improve relevant systems to support and promote its further development. With social development, laws and policies should be more detailed and specific, and focus on concretely improving school running quality and cultivating international talents with national consciousness. In conclusion, to improve school running level and ensure school running quality, the basis lies in the further improvement of relevant laws is the basis and the key lies in overall planning and coordination of Sino-foreign cooperative education, guaranteed by improved government supervision and school running quality. The construction of the Belt and Road has also brought new opportunities and challenges for Sino-foreign cooperative education. How to seize these opportunities, establish supporting systems, deepen the reform of Sino-foreign cooperative education models, and optimize Sino-foreign cooperative education methods are also important topics that deserve further discussion.
Due to the space limitation of this paper, the author will not go into these in depth. To sum up, the author expects that the government and Chinese and foreign educational institutions can make their efforts to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Sino-foreign cooperative education in China, thus providing steady power for the common progress of China and the world.