THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CHARACTER FOR THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION THROUGH MORAL THERAPY: A STUDY OF THE NAZAM

Purpose of the study: This research focused on the development of character for the millennial generation through moral therapy as can be found in the manuscript Nazam Azkiya’. Additionally, various teachings and guidance of the Wali were discussed in fostering the morals contained in the manuscript. This article also described the moral therapy and the form of teachings and guidance for peace seekers by exploring the values contained in these teachings and guidance. Methodology: The method used in this research is detailed verification, using ex post facto and survey approaches employed to investigate the phenomena such that values can be analyzed extensively. Main Findings: The results of the data analysis show that the condition of moral values and character of the millennial generation are in the high category, so are the social, environmental, and religious conditions. Therefore, the character building of the Millennial generation by employing a system of moral therapy based on the teachings of the Wali in the Nazam Azkiya manuscript is by first, instilling religious norms from an early age. Second, teaching the importance of courtesy. Third, instilling family values since childhood. Fourth, sharpening their will and drive. Fifth, familiarising them in socializing. Applications of the study: The findings of this research could be used as a form of study and particularly towards the development of knowledge on tasawuf manuscripts and moral education. Furthermore, this article is expected to be used as a reference for scholars in applying knowledge in social life and enrich insights that are useful for the development of science. The expected outcome of this moral therapy is a change in the millennial’s attitude and character towards a better and more responsible individual. Novelty/Originality of the current study: This therapeutic system is the development of character for the Millennial generation, mainly in instilling intelligence, virtue and moral character, beneficial to others, can use gadgets and technology appropriately and according to their functions. Additionally, the Millennial generation should always be accompanied by religious teachings that can shape them into individuals with good disposition and morality.


INTRODUCTION
The development and advancement of technology have now brought humans to the modern era or the digital era. This can be seen from the vast array of available gadgets and information that can be accessed easily by everyone. In this modern era, all people ranging from children, adolescents, and parents have been expected to follow the flow of existing technological developments, otherwise, they will be considered as outdated people.
Since the emergence of the generation theory, we have been introduced to the term baby boomers or the generation born in 1946 -1964 or after World War II. They were named as such due to the increased number of offspring found in this generation. After the baby boomers are generation X, born in 1965 -1980. This generation lived in the emergence of PCs, video games, cable TV, and the internet. After generation X, generation Y was born in 1981 -1994. This generation is also called millennials. This generation has started to use instant communication technologies such as emails, SMS, Facebook, and so forth. Following the millennials is generation Z, born in 1995 -2010. This generation is also called i-Generation, net generation, or internet generation. They have something in common with Generation Y, which is the ability to multitask (Ali & Purwandi, 2017;Burstein, 2013).
Millennial is a term in demographics, a noun means followers or groups. Currently, there are four major demographics, namely Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964) Thanks to the changes brought by previous generations, Millennials are now known as the most influential generation in human life. They are supported by technology and can even affect the world economic cycle. The characteristics of the Millennial generation include high learning, dehumanization, life assisted by high-tech gadgets, obsession with new objects/tools/products and they will exchange them with new ones once they feel bored. No surprise that it is predicted that most of them are obese or have excessive body weight due to lack of movement, caused by living in a world of technology, all are at the tip of a finger without leaving the house (Chaudhuri, 2020;Cody, 2020).
Currently, we are entering an era of the Millennials, the generation born in 1982 -2002. The millennial generation is considered a smarter generation because technology is increasingly advanced followed by the changing ways of communicating and socializing. They are more expressive and high-tech because they live in the information age. However, the millennial generation is also predicted to be lonely than other generations because of the lesser number of siblings. Since they interact more with technology, they tend to be ignorant even antisocial (Alam, Marijan, Aminah, & Putranto, 2020).
Being the parents of the smartest generation is not simple. It is undeniable that all the technology the millennials can access also has bad impacts. Easy access to a wide range of information also opens up opportunities for bad occurrences. There are several negative impacts of technological advances that can affect the Millennials, including selfishness and lack of attention to values. Since they were born, they have lived in a world with rapid technological developments. Gadgets have become a part of their lives to the fullest. They grew up with iPad in hand, cannot live without smartphones, and can operate gadgets only by recognizing the buttons. Hence, they are considered as the most transformative generation.
Millennials are the most influential generation in human life. They affect the world economic cycle, as they consume toys, food, clothing, and new technological devices that exist today. The rapid progress of this technology in the future will affect them, ranging from lifestyles, ways of learning, materials learned at school, up to their daily relationships. Space and time are no longer a limit, distance is increasingly meaningless, the association is no longer determined by location factors. Not surprisingly, from everything that could be obtained, the Millennial generation becomes smarter than previous generations.
Every generation has both positive and negative impacts, and to educate the Millennial generation requires religious education and character and manner building as well as instilling ukhuwah values or socializing. Among the therapeutic systems for the Millennials is to understand and teach them the teachings and tariqat guidance of the Wali as stated in the Nazam Azkiya manuscript to avoid being immersed in the delusion of worldly pleasures and dehumanization.
The victims of dehumanization lose their sensitivity to noble values, such as truth, goodness, beauty (aesthetic), and purity. They only respect basic values, such as material (wealth), hedonism (physical pleasure) and prestige. These three values form a large part of the value basis in our society today. Since they are not supported by higher values, especially the values of goodness (ethics, morals) and purity (religion), they justify all means, such as corruption, collusion and nepotism and (even) violence is a legal way to obtain these basic values. Immorality, obscenity and compaction are reasonable behaviours; prestige, as opposed to self-esteem (sense of honour), manifests itself in a shameless nature and even tends to boast of the result of the crime. Semantically, dehumanization occurs when the noble values that exist in the ideological, cultural, and religious texts no longer function effectively as a guide to everyday human life, causing the culture loses collective support and humans tend to live without cultural nobility.
The process of globalization, with all the advances in information and communication technology, also leads to a process of dehumanization, in which humans assume they are not equal. When one considers others to be in a lower position, empathy does not arise when he experiences distress, sadness or pain.
The Nazam Azkiya manuscript is Sufism poems in Arabic and Sundanese in the form of teachings, messages, and guidance for Muslim scholars to guide the millennial generation towards a better direction. Because happiness is not measured by the amount of material but rather obtained based on a qana'ah lifestyle. It also contains the teaching about self-purification, elaborating the guidance to achieve happiness and moral therapy for the Millennial generation from all qualities that can damage the soul.
This manuscript is interesting to study because it contains the main points of religious teachings useful for humanity. It was written using the Pegon script, where most people from the current generation can no longer read it. Therefore, the following text edits and translations become important. Therefore, based on the above discussion the objectives of the current study are: 1. To investigate and explain the importance of the Nazam Azkiya manuscript for society.
2. To examine the form and content of the manuscript.
3. To explain the ways through which the manuscript can be used as a moral therapy in shaping the character of the Millennial generation to avoid dehumanization.
In this global era, a person needs solid control in choosing and sorting numerous values offered to him. Therefore, the best way for someone to be resilient is through education. It is also the best way to build communities, countries, and the world. In simple words, the focus of education is only three: building knowledge, skills, and character. Based on these three elements, the main core is the character ( According to Daradjat (1982), the moral decline of students is one result of the rapid development of technology unadjusted by an increase in the quality of character, despite technological advancements are necessary for striving in the globalization era. The moral decline is largely influenced by socio-cultural conditions in the community. Additionally, the poor social environment is a form of lacking social norms to control negative changes (Shams,

METHOD
The method in this research is descriptive verification, using ex post facto and survey approaches. According to Sugiyono (2010) ex-post, facto is a study to examine events that have occurred and trace them back to find out the factors causing the incident. While the survey method is research conducted on large and small populations, but the data studied comes from samples taken from these populations to find relative events, distribution, and relationships between variables. According to Sugiyono (2010), based on the type of data analyzed, this research belongs to quantitative research, which is research with numerical data or enumerated qualitative data.
This article is descriptive, research that intends to describe a particular social phenomenon, where there is existing information on social phenomena corresponding to the research problem but deemed inadequate. This research is usually to provide deeper explanations of social phenomena as intended in the research problem (Malo, 1985).

Characteristics of the millennials
 I like to read  I prefer using gadgets to reading books   I spend more time using gadgets than doing other works Figure 9: Time spent using gadgets Based on figure 9 above, the percentage of Millennial respondents who agree that they spend more time using gadgets is 55.2% while 44.8% do not.
 I am very concerned about nutritious foods Figure 12: Concern about nutritious food Based on figure 12 above, the percentage of Millennial respondents who concern about nutritious food is 50.4% while 49.6% do not.
 For me, eating vegetables is not important    I always say thank you to anyone who helps me Figure 19: Saying thank you Based on figure 19 above, all respondents (100%) always say thank you to anyone who helps them.
 I will apologize to the person I hurt   I will leave home to look for a job  Based on figure 24 above, the majority of respondents (94.4%) will live independently, while 5.6% will not.
 I want to make my parents happy   I always use nicknames to call my friends This Validity Test showed the extent of the instrument in measuring intended objects (Sugiyono 2010). The 23 indicators examined above-contained measurements for the moral and character of the Millennial respondents, particularly the students.

DISCUSSION
Characteristics of the Millennial generation are sheltered, placing technology as a lifestyle, born of educated parents, multi-talented, multi-language, expressive and explorative, confident, optimistic, preferring simplicity and instant options (Dolby, 2014). They also consider that achievement is something that must be accomplished. Teamworks are more effective and interactive for their works and studies through collaboration and group thinking. They are also independent and structured in using technology, communication gadgets, and the internet, thus encouraging the openness to various cross-border information. The Millennials tend to be more permissive to diversity but do not care about privacy and are willing to share intimate details about themselves with strangers. Through social media, it is a culture to write a status on their daily activities (cyberculture). This prompts all cultural activities are carried out in an unlimited virtual world. However, they still maintain the principle that family is an important pillar of their lives (Hulukati, Hulukati & Rahim, 2019; Kundanis, 2003).
The Millennials need to learn self-control from the sophistication of technology and an instant lifestyle to prevent them end their lives due to depression, pressure, bullying, breakup, and so on.
Through the study of Na am A kiy manuscript, it was found that by understanding the guidance and carrying out in daily lives are the beginning of happiness. Happiness is not necessarily from the material entity, but it can be experienced whenever and wherever people are close to God (Burstein, 2013; Gani, 2019).
The guideline begins by mapping the core purpose of humans, which is devotion to Allah Almighty. It is followed by mapping the position of Shari'a, tariqat, and hakikat. After that, the sequence of the Wali's messages is described. It consists of repentance, qana'ah, zuhud, studying the science of shara', maintaining sunna and manners, tawakkal, ikhlas, uzlah, and managing time.
This Na am A kiy manuscript contains teachings, messages, and guidelines for the Millennials from the Wali. The contents of the Muqadimah (Introduction) include: 1. Taqwa to Allah is a way of salvation.
2. Indulge in unlawful lust is the beginning of damage.
"Taqwa to Allah is the core of happiness # While indulging in lust is the core of evil" 3. The afterlife-oriented way is by learning shari'a, tariqat, and hakikat.
4. Shari'a is like a boat, while tariqat is the sea and hakikat is the precious diamond "Indeed, the road to the hereafter is Shari'a, tariqat # And hakikat, so pay attention to what the Sufis demonstrate later" "Shari'a is like a boat, tariqat is # the ocean, while hakikat is the precious diamond on the bottom of the ocean" 5. Whoever wants to pursue the way of the Wali, he should follow, maintain, and carry out the following message: "Whoever wants to pursue the path of the Wali # Then carry out their message/guidance tirelessly" a) Repentance • Protecting the eyes, tongue, and body limbs.
• Repentance is the key to worship.
• Whenever we are being tested, we should repent immediately.

b) Qona'ah/Feeling content
• It is advised to withdraw from any excessive desire from food, clothing, and home.
• Whoever seeks something useless, he will lose for abandoning something valuable.

c) Zuhud/Leaving love for worldly affairs
• Be zuhud and protect the heart from all desires for wealth that causes ignorance.
• Zuhud is best done after taqwa to achieve a high position.
• Be unmarried if the wife only interferes with worship; being single is a better option.
• There are four ways for salvation: 1. Forgive the fools, 2. Do not follow the path of fools, 3. Do not be happy if given something by someone else, 4. Instead, donate/give others.
• Learning the science of Shari'a.
• Must learn sciences for assistance in worship and learn aqidah to cleanse the heart.
• Learning the three sciences is mandatory, then do carry out the message to gain dignity.

d) Maintain the sunnah of Rasulullah PBUH
• Maintain the sunnah, manners, and courtesy.
• No worship but by following the teaching of the Prophet, from his manners to his sayings.
• Learn and analyze iy u Al-lihin for achieving happiness.
• Emphasize the mandatory rites and do the sunnah as well. • For married men, it is mandatory to seek livelihood while being tawakkal.

f) Ikhlas
• Ikhlas in every deed by wishing for His blessings.
• Do not pray merely for the praise nor by force.
• Do not be Riya in worship to be seen as better than others.
• Committing good deeds for praise is mushrik and Riya.
• Be parted with the flawed world.
• According to some 'ulama mutaakhirin, uzlah should be done by now.

h) if u Al-Auq t/Managing Time
• Use time as well as possible only for worship, do not waste it.
• When fajr arrives, pray subuh and recite verses with khusyu'. Allah Almighty knows whether we are khusyu' in prayers.
• Do not leave congregational prayers that bear 27 times of rewards. After prayer, we should recite wirid and do not chat, face the qibla, do taqarrub, recite tahlil while sitting cross-legged.
• When the sun has risen to the height of a spear, do salahisyraq then recite the Quran?

i) Ta kiroh/Warning
• Whoever does not worship worldly affairs, he will be far from distress.
• Whenever feeling tired with Quran recitation, it can be replaced with zikr by heart and tongue.
• Whoever does not mujahadah, he will not benefit from the tariqat nor ma'rifat.
• Imam Suhro Wardi stated that mujahada is by reciting the Quran and zikr reciting kalimah ayibah.
• This the tariqat from the teachers, may we are eased in the undertaking.
Regarding time management, Millennials should be given guidance and training, as the scholars said: "time is like a sword, if we do not use it well, the sword will stab us ourselves". Starting from dawn by praying with khusyu', then do the congregational prayer in the mosque, and involve oneself in auraad (wirid) or zikr. When the sun has risen to the height of a spear, perform the Dluha prayer, remember death, then occupy oneself by seeking knowledge, worship, or working.
Millennials must be proficient in understanding the quantum of science; as explained in the contents of the manuscript that they must understand the virtues and importance of seeking knowledge, learning, and teaching. They should rectify the intention of learning to distinguish between the clerics of the world and the afterlife. The afterlife clerics are religious scholars while the world clerics are the ones with knowledge aiming for worldly pleasure, dignity, and position among people (Pirie & Worcester, 1998).
Other teachings are about virtue for the reader of the Quran, the morals of a qari' and hafiz Quran who must always be zuhud, generous, well-mannered, welcoming, tolerant, patient, and virtuous. These are in line with the Millennial character building since they put priority in using gadgets wasting time and causing a moral decline. This is because no family nor the school environment to advise them. The parents are busy at work and school is only a part of a daily routine without positive impacts in their life.
To achieve positive impacts from the teaching and learning process at school, the students, especially the Millennials, should pay attention to the following learning manners: First, listen to the lecture attentively, do not criticize nor refute since it could corrupt the heart causing slow memory, or even worse by having life ends badly (su'u al-khatimah). Second, respect and honour the teachers (mu'allim), since respecting them means respecting knowledge. Knowledge can be obtained only by honouring the experts without criticizing them. Third, whenever encountering difficulties in learning, ask the teachers for the explanation. Fourth, before reading a book, compare it first with others that are true, straightforward, and trustworthy. Fifth, after rectifying the book, read the matan (main content) before the syarah