The Use of Swear Words in the Movies with Different Topics and Characters

This study was aimed at examining the use of swear word in the movies with different topics and characters. The objectives if this study were to find out the reasons of using swear word in the movies. This study was conducted by descriptive qualitative method. The source of data was transcript the movies. The data were identified, analyzed, and categorized based on L,jung ( 2012 ) theory. The technique of data collection was interactive model by Miles and Huberman ( 2014 ). The findings of the study showed that : 1. There are three ways of using swear words such as (1) interjection, (2) emphasizer, (3), expletive slot filler in each movies, but from all of that ways interjections is the most in each movies. 2. The reasons for using the swear words in the movies are psychological; and social movies. Abstrak: Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengguna kata-kata makian di film dengan perbedaan topic dan karakter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan alasan penggunaan kata-kata makian didalam film.penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode qualitative deskriptif. Sumber data adalah transkrip film. Data tersebut diidentifikasi, dianalisis, dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan teori L,jung (2012). Teknik pengambilan data adalah teknik transkrip. Tehnil analisis data adalah model Miles and Huberman (2014). Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1. Ada tiga caa dalam penggunaan kata-kata makian (1). Interjection, (2)emphasizer, (3) expletive slot fillers.2. alasan-alasan penggunaan kata-kata makian adalah psychology dan social factor. Key word : swear word, movies, topics, characters Introduction Language is a system of comunication particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. We use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. Language is a system of communication based upon words and the combination of words into sentences, We are able to exchange knowledge, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises, declarations, feelings – only our imagination sets limits. We can laugh to express amusement, happiness,


Introduction
Language is a system of comunication particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. We use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. Language is a system of communication based upon words and the combination of words into sentences, We are able to exchange knowledge, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises, declarations, feelingsonly our imagination sets limits. We can laugh to express amusement, happiness, 92 ADABIYA, Volume 22 No. 1 Februari 2020 or disrespect, we can smile to express amusement, pleasure, approval, or bitter feelings, we can shriek to express anger, excitement, or fear, we can clench our fists to express determination, anger or a threat, we can raise our eyebrows to express surprise or disapproval, and we can swear when we disagree about something or angry and when we heard badnews , but our system of communication before anything else is language.
One of the language functions is a tool to show one's expression or feeling of anger, happiness, sadness, and loneliness. In expressing it, people have many ways of using language and one of them is by producing swearing words. People always associate swear words with nasty words, which are not allowed to be used in a conversation or talk. Swear words are fascinating. Society condemns them, few admit use them, and still, everybody swears, at least occasionally. In simple words, swear words are contradictive for people in communication. Swearing makes many people upset, annoyed, insulted, mad or even angry. It is really a verbal harassment if other people hear it. Hughes (1991) commented that swearing draws upon such powerful and incongruous resonators as religion, sex, madness, excretion, and nationality, encompassing an extraordinary variety of attitudes, including the violent, the amusing, the shocking, the absurd, the casual and the impossible. It can be simplified that the usage of swearing will give negative impacts on the hearers. Meanwhile, Dutton (2007) argued that swearwords have negative meanings because they are disgusting, rude, and offensive. He also stated that most people found words such as fuck and cunt offensive at least to a degree and associated negative ideas with those who used such words. Then, in British English at least, a person who uses swearwords refer to a person being, essentially, working class and, perhaps by extension, a person who is distant from the power centre of society. Based on the statement above, it can be concluded that the usage of swear words have negative effects for others and for the people who use the words are considered the people from low class people i.e. working class people.
Swear words are not only used in negative meaning such as to insult people, to hurt someone, to put someone's down , but swear words can be used for positive one also. Jay, a psycholinguist of Massachusetts College of Liberal Art and Author of Cursing in America, (2006) says that overall, the scientific evidence suggests swearing is good for you. We are the only animal that can curse, he says, which sometimes help us avoid physical violence. It allows us to express our emotions symbolically and at a distance. Jay's (1992)  American culture, as they are not only shown in theaters but are seen by millions more on television and through video rentals (Waterman, 2005). Teenagers are among those most often exposed-they are a targeted audience segment for movie makers (Stern, 2005) because they comprise a significant and loyal portion of the movie-going public (Smith, 2005). For this young, impressionable audience, the media serves an important socializing function (Arnett, 1995), and researchers report parental concern that children will adopt coarse language as a result of media exposure (Bushman & Cantor, 2003).
In the movies that we watch everyday we hear so many actors use swear words in various forms swear word, swear word that there is a form of taboo words or swear words but the meaning of the word it is not for the swearing opponent speech, but only to replace the original meaning of the swear word there is also a form of formulaic language and the last one swear word as a emotive language.
The problems of this study based on the previous explanation are formulated in the form of research question as the following.
1. How are the swear word used 2. Why are the swear words used the way they are

Research Method
This study will be conducted by applying descriptive qualitative design.
According to Bogdan and Biklen ( 1992 ) qualitative research is descriptive. This study will be designed by applying multy case design,there will be two topics of the movie to be studied and two different groups of the movie characters.

Ways of Using Swear Words
Theoretically, there are three ways of using Swear Word, they are ( 1 ) interjection, (2 ) emphasizer, ( 3 ) expletive slot fillers ( Ljung, 2011 ) All of these ways are found in the four ( 4 ) movies. Each of these ways is presented as follows.

Interjections
Interjections are utterances of Swear Word expressing surprise, pain, fear, anger, disappointment, even joy, emphatic, disagreement, incredulity, speaker stance ( Ljung, 2011 ). By using this concept as the predetermined category, the data analysis found out that the interjection happens in the movies, as show in data In data 1, the phrase bullshit to be swear word according to the encyclopedia of swearing. Its meaning is " nonsense, rubbish, lies " ( Hughes,2006 ).
In data 1, the expression of " Bullshit " implicitly convey that Luke thought that he was in consigning situation became his house was forfeited, it is informed in a notice sticked to his house wall.
This situation made Luke feel angry or disappointed and spontaneously by expressions his feeling by saying " what the hell " In the four movies, the interjection is used to express 10 kinds of meaning as seen in table 4.1

Emphasizers
Swearing in English is often used to place emphasis on a following noun ( Ljung,2011 ). In this definition, emphasis is considered as giving stress on something. The emphasis is usually formed in WH-words, as seen in data 2 In data 2 Fuck is considered as swear word. Firstly, it is because the word matches the characteristic of swear word as presented in the encyclopedia of swearing ( Huges,2006 ). The meaning of "fuck" in the encyclopedia is not any more as it was, meaning something related to copulation. Currently, its meaning becomes wider and its use also wider, not limited certain speaking or situation.
According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the Fuck means anger, contempt or disgust.
In the four movies, swear words are used two times by using different swear words as seen in table 4.2

Expletive slot fillers
Expletive slot fillers are expressions indicating a speaker attitude towards something by using swear word. The function of the swear word in the expression is to intensify the attitude. The intensify function of the swear word may be realized by using swear word with ( 1 ) adverbs which intensify the adverb, with ( 2 ) adjective which intensify the adjective and ( 3 ) using the swear word itself as adjective. By using this concept as the predetermined category, the data analysis found out that the expletive slot fillers happens in the movies, as show in data 3 Data 3 Hobbs :The GT40 that was missing from the manifest.

Mac
:87, Followed the trail a couple of miles.Pretty easy in this scrub.Can't move without leaving a sign.

Hobbs
:Give me the DAMN veggies.

Mac
:The ground rolls into a hardpack and we lost that track, too. (FaF/BT/Ad/p.7/L-11) In data 3, Damn is considered as swear word because according to encyclopedy of swear word, damn belongs to swear word. The meaning of damn in its original sense is damnare, which in Latin, it means secular and legal, "to condemn, doom to punishment or inflict damage upon," which are the early senses of damn in Middle English. ( Hughes,2006 ) The word of damn is used to express of speaker attitudes of Hobs, he felt anger to Dom and tried to looking for Dom and want to show he is a hero and stronger than other.
In the four movies, swear words are used once as seen in table 4.3

Movies
Theoretically, the psychological factors contributes to how many and how often one uses the swear word. One who has labile psychology condition use more swear word than one who has stable psychology condition. The psychology condition, labile or stable is related to many factors, and one of the factors is age.
So young people use more swear word than adult people.
In addition to the psychological factor, social situation also contribute to the use of swear word. In a bad situation both young and adult people tend to use more swear word. ( Anderson 2002 )

Age factor
With reference to this theory, the data analysis showed that the use of swear word by teenager and adult actor or actress as in the movie is age factor. This is supported by the data in table 4.4 So, in short the interpretation of each data in table 4.4 may result in the conclusion that the factor using one to use swear word is age factor.

Social factor
Theoretically, one's behavior including the use of swear word are governed by the situation ( Anderson 2002 ) Empirically, the data analysis showed that the movie players behavior are effected by the social factor. In this study, social situation is represented by the good and bad topics of the movies. This finding is supported by the data in table 4.5 In table 4.5, the use of swear word in bad topics by the teenagers are more than they do in good topics. This means that the swear word even tough the teenagers have label psychological condition, using of swear word in good topics.
Usually, adult more stable than teenager but in bad situation adult also will do swear word. This means that the social condition affect to using the swear word, this supported by the empirical data supported by ( Anderson 2002 ). The data analysis showed that the use of swear word in different topics by adult player as seen in table 4.6 That the social factor may cause one's behaviors in using swear word may also be true not only to the teenager player, but also be true to adult players. Data in table 4.6 showed that adult players use more swear word in the bad topics than they do in bad topics.
The social situation does not only affect the number of the swear word used by them but also affect the types of swear word. In table 4.6 all types of swear word are uttered by the adult players. However, it may be will noted that the adult players still feel reluctant to utter hard swear word like fuck. In the table 4.6 the swear word is uttered just once. This means that social condition cannot force them to use all types of swear word in equal frequency. Their mature psychological factor enable them to control which of the most appropriate to use by the adult player.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the conclusions were stated as following : 1. There are three ways of using swear words such as (1) Interjection, (2) Emphasizer, (3) Expletive Slot Fillers in each movies, but from all of those ways, interjection is the most in each movies.
2. The reason of using the swear words of teeanger and adult in the movies of good and bad topics is caused by the psychological motives.