The Existence of The Reading Community and Its Effect in Improving Human Resources Quality

The Reading Community (in Indonesian: Taman Bacaan Masyarakat/TBM) has a role as one of the driving forces in supporting literacy culture in society. The Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation Number 23, 2015 concerns the Cultivation of Character Building and strengthens efforts to establish the culture of literacy. This study took samples of TBM in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Based on data from the Ministry of Education and Culture 2018, there are currently 56 reading communities in the Bantul Regency. This is around 15% of the total TBM in DIY Province. As a form of out-of-school education, TBM also has a role in improving the quality of human resources. This study considers the relationship between the existence of the community and their role in improving the quality of human resources in the society. This study used descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observations and interviews. Based on the collected data, it was concluded that the presence of TBM managed by members of the local community had a positive influence, especially for children and adolescents. The existence of TBM increases reading interest among children and boosts the number of teenagers who continue their education to a higher level. Thus, the TBM supports one of the national goals, namely improving the quality of human resources through lifelong learning.

One manifestation of the literacy movement in the community is the emergence of community reading in society (Taman Bacaan Masyarakat or TBM) in the regions. TBM is usually initiated by several community members and is managed independently. TBM as one of the drivers of literacy culture in the community, is expected to increase reading interest, which in turn will improve the quality of human resources in the community concerned.
This paper is a preliminary study of further research that will be conducted next.
This paper contains a literature study on literacy culture, as well as a description of the results of observations and interviews with one of the active TBMs in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Further research will be carried out at a later stage by identifying active TBM and analyzing the constraints faced.

Reading Community in Indonesia
The beginning of the emergence of TBM in Indonesia can be traced back to the 19th century with the establishment of book rentals by Chinese descent in Indonesia. The next reading community was managed by the Balai Pustaka. In 1980, a modern reading community emerged, and in 1990 the government began opening a larger library. DOI 10.18502/kss.v4i12.7620 Page 471

ICADECS
Reading community that was initiated and managed by the member of a society was emerged around 2001 and continues to grow (Haklev, 2008 Through the update of the definition above, the role of TBM will no longer be limited to providers of reading material, but also to other media. The role and purpose of TBM is clear, namely as a means or institution for cultural fondness for reading communities that provide and provide services in the reading field. Thus, TBM managers also have a role as motivators for the community. Ahmed and Marihesya (2012) describe the impact of the existence of community libraries as follows. ICADECS 1. library support community to be aware of national/ regional issue 2. library creates community to find opportunity 3. library helps community to improve literacy rate 4. library sticking up student to pass their examinations 5. library helps generating new skills then organizing local business 6. library support to self improvement library contribute to expand community knowledge In addition, Marihesya (2012) also states that, "Main activity based on community library is how to manage community intelligence and knowledge, not just develop the quantity of collection nor make up the building" (Marihesya, 2012).
The above opinion shows that TBM is not only a matter of increasing the quantity of collections or buildings, but also managing community knowledge and intelligence.
Thus, TBM and human resources have strong relations. TBM can be active with community participation. On the other hand, the quality of human resources in the community can also increase if every member of the community wants to learn, and TBM is an effort to fulfill learning facilities for the community. One form of learning is reading. Indonesia is still considered low in terms of reading interest. Based on the data that has been presented previously, interest in reading in Indonesia is still lagging behind when compared to other countries. Japan, for example.
Kamei-Dyche (2017) states that Japan has been able to implement reading activities in daily life.
"Reading on the train or streetcar became something of a national pastime. Students formed circles both on and off campus to read together and discuss literature. There were also reading circles among laborers, housewives, and farmers. Some circles developed at bookstores, the latter having proliferated due to the availability of a wide variety of affordable books. Reading had become a social glue that bound together groups in modern society, but it also incorporated an element of social performance: identifying oneself, and being identified, as a reader carried with it an air of sophistication." Kamei-Dyche (2017) Kamei-Dyche shows that reading has become a habit for Japanese people. This reading habit is not only done by school students, but it becomes a habit of the society in general.

Human Resources Quality
Human resource is an important element in improving the quality of life of a nation. In the society, human resources can be understood as a whole community member that has the potential to bring progress in the community. Raharjo (1993) states that the quality of human resources is not only determined by the aspects of the skill or strength of his physical labor but is determined by his education or level of knowledge, experience, maturity and attitude.

TBM in Bantul Regency
One of the stages carried out in the study was to collect data on the number of active TBMs in Bantul Regency. In the following table, data on TBM in Bantul Regency are presented.  Based on observations and interviews, it is known that TBM has been established for approximately four (4) years and is currently active. However, according to the manager, TBM is still considered not optimal in growing literacy interest in the community because the community's interest in accessing TBM is still low. They come to TBM only if there is an interest in it, e.g. a student come to TBM when he has a homework. Literacy has not been a necessity among the community members. Going forward, there is still a need for the participation and cooperation of community members, especially young people, to be active in movements or activities that foster a literacy spirit. which is a place that has a recreational nature through reading material, enriches the experience and growth of community learning activities, can even function as a vehicle for developing life skills (Kalida, 2012). If the function of TBM can run optimally, the community literacy movement launched by the government can be said to be successful.
However, based on observations and interviews in the field, there are several obstacles faced by TBM managers. These constraints are described as follows.  are families who bring their children for recreation. After a year or so, Mobura has ICADECS been working with the Bantul Regency Regional Library (Perpusda Bantul) and student volunteers from several universities in Yogyakarta.
In addition to reading books, TBM in collaboration with volunteers from the Hompimpa community in Yogyakarta is trying to reintroduce traditional children's games that are now starting to disappear. This activity aims to enliven and protect traditional games from extinction.

TBM and The Quality Improvement of Human Resources in The Community
The existence of TBM has a positive impact on society. Based on observations and interviews, TBM is able to be one of the providers of information for community members.
In addition, through the activities held by the TBM, the community can also gain many benefit. Society, is not limited to the younger generation, but also the generation above it. Following are the activities and events held by TBM and their impact on improving the quality of human resources in the community: 1. Through collaboration with PKBM Persada, TBM Widuri Pandan organizes functional literacy activities for older people. This activity aims to eradicate illiteracy, especially for the older generation who did not get formal education (schools). This activity has a direct impact on the older generation so that they are able to access information through scripts, e.g.: read a leaflet, manual instructions, etc.
2. In addition to these activities, the manager in TBM has also held training activities for young mothers, for example training in making crafts. This training aims to provide knowledge of skills for housewives who (if pursued), are expected to become one of the skills that generate profits.
3. With the access to information and education through collections owned by TBM, students who have graduated from school get the knowledge and motivation to continue their education to a higher level.
This, it can be seen that the existence of TBM in the community has a positive influence. This positive influence will be more effective if these obstacles can be overcome. Efforts and cooperation from various parties are needed to further optimize the role and function of TBM in order to achieve the expected goals. TBM as a form of out-of-school education is expected to be one of the driving forces for the development of literacy culture.

Conclusion
Based on observations and interviews, it is known that the Local Government of Bantul Regency is paying attention to the development of TBM in its area. This is known from the existence of a local government-owned mobile library as well as the collaboration between the local government (regional library) with several active TBMs in the Bantul Regency area. In addition, several TBMs have also cooperated with each other in organizing literacy activities so that it becomes a forum for the public to access information.
The existence of TBM in several regions or villages has been effective and has a significant impact on increasing community resources, such as TBM Guyub Rukun, TBM Ngudi Kawruh, also TBM Iboekoe, and several other TBMs. However, some TBMs still need more effort and collaborative support from the government and citizens to become a vehicle for improving the literacy culture in the community. With those cooperation and activities, Widuri Pandan as one of the TBM in Bantul regency also has a chance to be developed and can be more effectively works in improving human resources quality.