Unity Foreseen: A Close Look at the Values Formation and Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students

Background: Unity among people of different set values is a challenge to attain. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management), HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences), and GAS (General Academic Strand) students have their different ideals, goals, and mindsets that can cause boundaries among themselves. Methods: Intending to gather sufficient data, this research upholds the phenomenological approach in the establishment of unity by the foreseen shared values of the Senior High School students. Findings: Many factors contribute to the students’ journey towards oneness, as suggested by the values and perspectives that are present in the respondents’ answers. Conclusions: Senior High School students have come from unique experiences and backgrounds. This proves to show that there is one thing that can establish unity and camaraderie among them: their shared values and goals. Recommendations: The accurateness of the data gathered by the researchers could be further established with a bigger population size of respondents to determine more of the factors that unify them.


INTRODUCTION
Education has been a vital part of any society since the beginning of time. It paved the way for innovation and advancement with regards to cultural understanding, prevailing goals, and shared values. Today, just as economic development is an important goal, different countries seek to prioritize the enhancement of education. The Philippines is one of them. In 2013, the Philippines adopted the K-12 program in hopes of becoming globally competitive. Section 10.1 of RA 10533 or "Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013" states that the DepEd (Department of Education) shall formulate the design and details of the enhanced primary education curriculum and focusing on Filipino graduates to be locally and globally competitive. Section 17 the DepEd, in coordination with the DOLE, TESDA, CHED, PRC, NYC, industry associations, professional associations, and other relevant stakeholders, shall pursue programs that expose students to the world and value of work, and develop the capability of career counselors and advocates to guide the students and equip them with the necessary life skills and values. Students form friendship networks with significantly more co-national and multi-national individuals upon arrival, and through participation in extra-curricular activities and satisfaction with tutor programs, these networks transform with the inclusion of more host nationals. (Hendrickson, 2018) A study entitled "Teamwork benefits in tertiary education. Education & Training" by Volkov, A., & Volkov, M. (2015) states that students realize that when performing a teamwork-based assessment object, they use an in-depth learning approach through a collaborative approach. Students perceive that, by exploring their expertise in the aspects of cooperation, team unity, and cultural diversity, teamwork at the undergraduate level directly contributes to their potential abilities in the field. Senior High School curriculum in various parts of the world is offered to prepare students for work or university life. The World Education News and Reviews (2016) presented various primary education curricula in the world. Taiwan, for example, has three years of either senior vocational schools or senior high schools made mandatory in 2014. Indonesia also has three years of Upper Secondary Education (Senior High) with the first curriculum being more generalist, and the last two are either for a general academic or vocational stream (WENR, 2014). ).
The 12 years or more is following international practice as stipulated in the Washington Accord, Bologna Process, as well as in the ASEAN and APEC Mutual Recognition Projects and much more. The much-needed overhaul of the Philippine basic education system becomes a reality through the Republic Act 10533, also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act, which was passed last May 2013, making the preuniversity and primary education from 10 to 13 years (Congress of the Philippines, 2011). The Senior High School levels which offer a wide range of subjects from which students can choose a program leading to college or university entrance or a career in business or industry (DepEd, ND). The education system of Philippine School Doha offers Organizational training programs that build and improve performancerelated skills and help achieve critical functions such as maintenance, encouragement, and socialization. Successful training can result in positive results, such as increased productivity. (Ahuja et al., 2017). Many studies have included objective academic achievement (e.g., test scores, school grades) and students' self-perceived academic achievement (e.g., self-concept of academic performance, self-evaluated academic competence, academic self-efficacy) as a variable when investigating correlates or predictors of adolescents' life satisfaction. Furthermore, the pressure to succeed academically is particularly evident during the senior year of high school, mainly due to increased competition for university entrance. In general, school-related problems are known to be among the most commonly reported sources of stress for adolescents (Kouzma, 2002). The US famous psychologist J. W. Atkison believes that achievement motivation has two factors, respectively, the motivation to pursue achievement and the motivation to avoid failure. What is more, the two motivations might be different in their force. Atkison found that if an individual's motivation to pursue success is stronger than the motivation to avoid failure, the individual will have higher subjective probability estimation on success; similarly, if an individual's motivation to avoid failure is stronger than the motivation to pursue success, the individual will increase higher subjective probability estimation on failure. One's sense of efficacy is based on the belief that effort will lead to success or a sense of mastery (see Ames, 1992a, Ames & Archer, 1988. With a mastery goal, individuals are oriented toward developing new skills, trying to understand their work, improving their level of competence, or achieving a sense of mastery-based on self-referenced standards (Ames, 1992b;Brophy, 1983b;Meece, Blumenfeld, & Hoyle, 1988;Nicholls,1989). The researchers aim to determine the shared values that may be within the diversified Senior High School students. A study entitled "Teamwork benefits in tertiary education. Education & Training" by Volkov, A., & Volkov, M. (2015) states that students realize that when performing a teamwork-based assessment object, they use an in-depth learning approach through a collaborative approach. Students perceive that, by exploring their expertise in the aspects of cooperation, team unity, and cultural diversity, teamwork at the undergraduate level directly contributes to their potential abilities in the field. Students form friendship networks with significantly more co-national and multi-national individuals upon arrival, and through participation in extra-curricular activities and satisfaction with tutor programs, these networks transform with the inclusion of more host nationals. (Hendrickson, 2018).

II. METHOD A. Research Design
This study is qualitative in orientation and categorically, a phenomenological research design. Qualitative tourism research takes its inspiration primarily from the cultural and social sciences such as anthropology and sociology (Vallesteros, 2015). The central aspect of this approach is to understand the essence of the experience that participants share within a common ground (Padilla-Diaz, 2015). As emphasized by Lester (1999), this is highly substantial in understanding subjective experiences and gaining insights about people's motivations and decisions. Here, the researchers aim to describe as accurately as possible the phenomenon, refraining from any pre-given framework, but remaining true to the facts (Vallesteros, 2018). The phenomenological approach is to engage in this study as it is designed to understand the experiences and perceptions of the participants, regarding The Shared Values of Senior High School Students of different strands.

B. Research Locus and Sample
This study is being conducted in Philippine School Doha (PSD), the leading learning institution in the State of Qatar. With its national and regional notorious accomplishments, PSD has always been recognized as an outstanding Philippine school in the Middle East -serving the Filipino community with excellence since October 1992. This was selected considering the accessibility of assistance and guidance of the researchers' adviser, Dr. Fredelito Don John A. Vallesteros.

Figure 1 Map of Qatar
The chosen participants of this study are students from Philippine School Doha, specifically the Senior High School, who are experiencing the shared values of different strands. The respondents were given a consent forms that they will be having an interview regarding the research topic. The chosen participants were all students of Philippine School Doha, two are from the Twelfth grade and five came from the Eleventh grade. This interview is to be conducted in different places, like Mcdonalds in Alsaad and Barwa City. Some Interview were to be conducted inside the newly PSD built in 2017.

C. Data Collection and Ethical Consideration
The data required in this study was attained through a semi-structured interview that included instruments such as the robotfoto and the interview questionnaire that contained the 25 developmental questions. The robotfoto comprises of information about the following: personal details, data of the respondents, as well as professional information. The twenty-five item semi-structured interview guide was also used in following up on specific ideas or issues to explore specific experiences ensuring that the sensitivity of subject being researched will float in participants' consciousness (Vallesteros, 2018) The data was transcribed in verbatim through the use of a mobile device. After which the collected data was kept confidential as agreed upon with the respondents in the consent letter. Preceding data collection, an interview was conducted. This proved vital in the appropriate attainment of a phenomenological research study.

D. Data Analysis
To further gain understanding of the results of this paper, the researchers decided to utilize the following steps (Ryan, 2003

III. FINDINGS
Unity is defined as a state of forming a complete and harmonious whole. This virtue has proven vital in the attainment of common objectives among different organizations, institutions, and societies. However, achieving oneness among an immense cluster of people can prove to be a challenge. With regard to the academic structure, students are coerced to engage and coexist with other students whose backgrounds, values, and principles differ from theirs. One of the objectives of the research on values among the university students is to determine the current values of the students and to reveal the relation between the values and the professional roles of the students (Mehmedog˘lu 2006). "My strand suits me because it's the closest to what I will be taking in college."(P7) "Yes. I am taking up Business Management and ABM is for business."(P2) "Because I'm undecided and I don't know what to get in college."(P3) "Yes, because I'm interested in nursing, law, and aviation so the three really suits me. I'll just pick where it will be the best for me; where I really want to be."(P3) "Although I'm interested in engineering, I had thoughts on whether to take up engineering or medicine. That's why STEM was more beneficial to me since I can learn both at the same time and finally get to decide on one."(P4) "Yes, unless I want to shift to architecture or aeronautics."(P5) "Somehow, it is connected to Computer Programming or Computer Engineering."(P7) Upon entering the phase wherein, one's decisions can be life-changing, it is important that students deliberate on their options to the best of their ability before rushing through with their choices. Purposefulness in decision-making is essential in achieving a goal. During the course of an academic year, students of the same strand develop oneness, as they are acquainted with one another and accustomed to the set culture. For this reason, the students of the strands STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and GAS carry with them specific goals and mindsets that are unique to their strand. On the grounds of this, each strand holds differing opinions of the other strands; putting into play feelings of superiority, inferiority, and even impartiality. "I am feeling okay with other strands."(P1) "I am alright."(P5) "I feel that everything is okay. My strand and the other strands can get along together."(P7) "I do not mind other strands since I mind my own business."(P2) "They have their own business, and like us we have our own business." (P3) "Well, they're okay. I'm glad they have other options, other strands that fit their own taste and preferences as I do."(P4) "I don't really involve myself in the disturbances or discrimination that's happening with our strands. I respect all strands since we have our own specialties."(P6) "There are no strands that are inferior to each other because all of them play an integral part in the future society."(P1) ''Honestly, no. As I've said, every person has their own taste, their own likings. They choose what they want and it's their choice. A hierarchy does not have to exist just because of strand preferences."(P4) "Every strand thinks highly of their own strand because it's their own taste, their own preference. People like to say that what they like is better."(P4) "No, because like I said earlier our own strands have different specialties and it doesn't really matter if you discriminate the other strands."(P6) "No, we don't think highly of our strand because every strand has it own difficulties and own struggles"(P7) "There are no strands that are inferior to each other because all of them play an integral part in the future society."(P1) ''Honestly, no. As I've said, every person has their own taste, their own likings. They choose what they want and it's their choice. A hierarchy does not have to exist just because of strand preferences."(P4) "No, because each strand has their own strengths and weaknesses."(P2) "No, we all have different skills, talents, and knowledge abilities."(P5) "No, each strand has its own difficulties and struggles. Some are difficult in science while some are difficult in math."(P7) "No, for me all of the strands are equal."(P3) "No, and I don't see our strand as superior to other strands."(P6) Although the strands view each other differently, the mutual respect for their unique strengths must be realized. Involvement in fair discussions, friendly relations, and well-mannered encounters can positively address these differences. While some students view their strand as a brand of exclusivity, others refuse to let differences affect their upbringing. They focus on the importance of strengthening ties to achieve their goals and the similarities that link them. Instead of focusing on their differences, they turn their attention towards similarities that positively affect their relationships. "No because it doesn't affect who I am as a person."(P6) "No, we are all united and we have no differences with other strands."(P7) "Not much, because we know that we are doing our best to strive as a strand and as a section."(P3) "As a STEM student, I have my own preferences. I joined STEM not because I felt like it was more superior. I chose it because I like it."(P4) Values Adaption is a key factor in the unity among students, as those who experience the same changes tends to understand one another. Similar experiences can bridge the connectivity within the students, showing how they will respond to certain situations. Overall, the values acquired in the process of adaption include: responsibility, discipline, and sense of being. Finding common ground among the Senior High School students can prove to be challenging, especially when their preferences or interests are unique to one another. It is already a challenge in itself when students of the same strand and interests are coerced to adjust to each other's values and upbringing. For this reason, unifying with other strands of differing preferences prove to be more challenging.
To effectively adapt to change, people often comfort themselves in rational reasoning. Practicality is a key factor in deciding for the long-term. As stated by the respondents: "I decided to stay in PSD because I thought that it is more practical and beneficial for me as a Filipino."(P4) "I chose this strand because this strand is aligned with what I want to take in college."(P1) "As I've mentioned a while ago, I like sciences, mathematics, engineering, that's why I decided to go for the STEM strand."(P4) "PSD is the only one that is offering Gas strand here in Qatar so my choice is really here" (P3) Other than choosing a strand that will cater to their college courses, a motivator for choosing one is whether or not they will encounter a subject that they will find difficulty with. Students tend to think that they will find difficulty with the specialized subjects of the strands such as: Calculus and Biology for STEM, Accounting and Marketing for ABM, and Social Sciences for HUMMS. Unfortunately, different factors forced students to choose strands that differ from what they originally preferred. This has resulted in a mismatch, where the strand they are in, becomes irrelevant to the course they will take up in college. Studying without interest in the particular field is problematic for the student, as it does not give them any form of motivation. As they affirmed: "It's all right, I guess you can say there are minor disturbances like discriminations, issues, and stuffs like that."(P6) "It is very difficult since, I will be taken up math and science subjects."(P7) "Actually, there are no other schools that I can go to, that's all." (P6) However, students must not be bothered by their strand, as each of them have their unique qualities. Senior high school students adhere to one philosophy making them interrelated. As the students have their similarity with the other students of different strands, they can easily connect with each other. Regardless of strand, there is a connecting quality that students possess. "It's not difficult because we formed relationships back then."(P4) "It's not really that hard because I have friends from different strands."(P5) "I guess, the ones that PSD really wants to strive in being the best in the Middle East especially with it being promoted to science school of Doha it would really improve a name to PSD."(P6) "I guess in thriving for academic excellence and Servitium Exellentiam it's very common for a PSDian to know it, because it's been passed down from over the years and it's basically a sort of a way to say that PSD really strives for the best it's just wants best for the students."(P6)

C. Values Interaction
In this generation of education, it is important to be open, positive, and receptive to discussion and disagreements. Motivating students to develop critical thinking helps students to teach each other in a sense that they develop interaction and commitment to each other. Learning is the main motivator in choosing an academic strand. Each strand offers different subjects that cater to their majors. In terms of academic standing, it is not the strand that sets students apart, but their hard work, dedication and perseverance. "Helping other students may really increase their confidence in a way where they can provide knowledge to help other specialties." (P6) "It is the only way that we could get along and this is how we could go through our struggles" (P7) "It is important for different strands to get along because even if strands are different, it doesn't mean we shouldn't get along." (P1) "To learn and grow together as one not as rivals" (P5) Academic competition is a good practice as it encourages students to better in their studies. It however must remain as it is, academic, it must not protrude their personal life and cause rifts and conflicts. As affirmed by the respondents: "Competition against each strand is not good because of the fact that all strands put in the same effort in what we do."(P1) "There shouldn't be any competition among the strands because we have different plans or dreams."(P5) As a student, I've realized that in Twitter especially, some does mocking and shaming of other strands because they generalize and were too proud of their own interest. It makes me feel bad. They generalize that STEM students are more empowered."(P4) "I do not mind it as long as it does not have negative effects."(P2) Treating every student as an equal rather than a competitor allows them to build a healthy relationship with one another. This relationship can then foster unity. Socializing is one of the important in connecting oneself to other people. This is the pathway to communicate and to create unity. Unity as a value is very important as it removes the differences among them and brings them together as one group. Unified strand could bring out the best in each other as claimed by the following responses: ''Since I am an open minded person, it is really easy for me to interact with them."(P2) "Yes, because I am an outgoing person."(P6) "I believe that PSD Senior High School Students are all friendly and open-minded."(P1) "Their value for friendships, for relationships and interaction. That's the most effective value that actually unites everyone, social interaction."(P4) "Most of the PSD senior high school students are friendly and open which makes it easy to interact with them and unify with them."(P7) Every student's goal is to be successful, to be closer in fulfilling their dreams. Determination is not something that comes east to the students. One must have a clear goal in mind, and be willing to do anything to achieve the said goal. Succeeding is one of the finish line of students, starting tasks together and ends together. With this, they unite to face extreme challenges given to them in order to graduate together and move to the next level. "I think the ultimate goal of all PSD Senior High School Students is to graduate as a whole batch."(P1) "The determination to succeed in one thing and to do it for the good of the school."(P2) "To graduate equally and at the same time."(P3) "Well, everyone in school wants to graduate, everyone wants to be successful. So, that's the goal that every senior hopefully has right now that allows them to unify."(P4) "Friendliness and helpfulness and that sense of graduating together."(P5) "To be able to graduate together and finish our high school life and get to college."(P7) These responses emphasize how PSD Senior High School students are eager and determined to successfully graduate together. Through different activities, they were able to establish interaction within other strands and showing camaraderie in their tasks. Additionally, they were able to find a goal which lead them to unify one another.

IV. DISCUSSION
The primary purpose of this study is to know the shared values of every senior high school student in different strands and to establish camaraderie among strands, to set aside differences and create unity. Moreover to give solutions to the problems faced by the students that can eventually affect them emotionally and academically. However, they must be matured, determined, and a clear goal or purpose. Additionally, the students must have the free will to choose which strand he or she will take because a student's personal preferences are crucial concerning their future academic decisions.

A. Values Formation
Senior High School students are pressured in various aspects when it comes to academics, mainly for both personal and future means. The act of setting goals, decisiveness, self-assessment and evaluation are key components in self-determination, which may increase the possibility of a learner's road to success. Students in Philippine School Doha has a huge range of different culture, foreign students are currently present in Senior High School, and thus culture is a major aspect to the values formation of the Senior High School Students. In the different kind of cultures, values are the bases of its identity (Dyczewski, 2016); which defines native values (Politeja, 2016) this shows that culture are inter related to the values of an individual. Majority of teenagers believed that a person who are taught family values (Rean, 2018) is easier to get along with. Family is an important factor in the formation of a teenager's value (Rean, 2018). Family traditions shows that it balance the social relations; that essentially is a huge system that takes part in the socialization of the family (Valeeva, 2016).
In considering individual and ecological factors that could potentially impact self-determination, the functional theory of selfdetermination (Wehmeyer, 2018), suggests that both environmental and personal characteristics contribute to enhance selfdetermination. Thus, a SHS student's academic outcomes may be shaped within the performance of the class itself. Research on classroom management shows that effective management promotes cooperation among students, reduces discipline problems, and engages students in learning (Rahimi, 2015), and has a great influence on students' academic achievement, even more than intelligence (Pane, 2010). Although SHS in Philippine School Doha is diversified into four tracks namely STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics), ABM (Accountancy, Business, Management), GAS (General Academic Strand), and HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences), while choosing the strand that is suited to their personal interest, SHS students are able to communicate and build oneness in numerous school activities. When learners are more engaged, they will perceive to have learned more (Abrantes et al, 2007) and this will reflect students' overall evaluation of their learning process. Hence, when students show a positive attitude towards each other casually and academically, it can lead to unity and openness among them.

B. Values Interaction
Other than talents and opportunities, what make some people more successful than others? One important determinant of success is self-control-the capacity to regulate attention, emotion, and behaviour in the presence of temptation. A second important determinant of success is grit-the tenacious pursuit of a dominant super-ordinate goal despite Setbacks (Duckworth & Gross, 2014). Likewise, Senior High School students prioritize goals, leading them to ponder that success is a must. That may formulate discipline within oneself and develop self-control. Self-control, like the related constructs of ego strength, effortful control, and Big Five conscientiousness, is associated with positive life outcomes ("Self-control 'in the wild?: Experience sampling study of trait and state self-regulation," 2018). Grit and related constructs are associated with lifetime educational attainment ("Development and Lastly, One of the most consistent influences of attitudes is on attraction to others with similar attitudes (Byrne, 1997), people generally like and prefer to interact with others who agree rather than disagree with them ("Two-Dimensional Model for the Study of Interpersonal Attraction -R. Matthew Montoya, Robert S. Horton, 2014Horton, ,", 2013 people with opinion uncertainty are most likely to choose information that supports rather than opposes their attitude (Sawicki et al., 2011). Similarly, message recipients with doubt process information that agrees with their attitude more than information that disagrees with their attitude.

C. Values Adaptation
Since Senior High School students are pressured to tackle the upcoming future, often they would visit and collect information about the school(s) they would like to study in. Those who interact with college students can ask them what they value. It is important to demonstrate values in mentoring and role model relationships. Educating students on character is still an important part of the college education. (Fritz, 2015) Learning is a complex, holistic, multi-centric activity that occurs throughout the school years. Student development, in general, and the adaptation of learning to students' lives and needs, is fundamental parts of engaged learning and liberal education wherein a student's approach is necessary. True liberal education requires the engagement of the whole student -and the deployment of every resource in higher education. (Fritz, 2015) Something that SHS students have in common is also where they strive to upgrade their resumes and CV for college purposes. Cocurricular experiences that create opportunities for students to become engaged on and off-campus are particularly efficacious in helping students navigate these developmental challenges; such experiences contribute to students' well-being, supportive relationships, sense of belonging, positive self-concept, leadership skills, and persistence (Waterman et al, 2016) V.
CONCLUSION This qualitative study implies the relation between Senior High School students' ability to develop a firm set of values that will effectively help them in obtaining camaraderie and oneness throughout their scholastic journey. Whenever students are in learning environments, they are believed to have certain goals towards learning, referred to as achievement goals (SA Coutinho -Educate~, 2007). Likewise, Senior High School students prioritize goals, leading them to ponder that success is a must. A systematic phenomenological approach was utilized in this study which revealed students' determination to unite, adapt, and showcase their unique abilities with the academic strands of different specialties. According to the analysis of the interviews conducted, it could be concluded that the Senior High School students could get along as long as they are helping each other to stand, the value of friendships and supporting social groups. These findings give emphasize on the Senior High School student's passion to fulfill their goals and social relationship with their fellow students. Particularly, students that determine to fulfill their goals by supporting each other strands and it is the key factor to unify them. Besides, social relationship also aims to help the students to know their uniqueness and the value of self-discipline. Additionally, competition among strands helps the students encourage them to be better in their studies. These are the values that will unify others strands and to maintain their good relationship with each other. The Senior High School student of different strands manages to build up the difficulties that will help them strengthen their foundation in the future. Determination and Camaraderie are the important values that will help them unite and it will teach them a different strategy. This research reveals that social relationships and studies are equally significant and should be in equilibrium. Additionally, these important traits should be applied to students, to further solidarity in their school. Angelie Jodie D. Asuncion was born on the 20 th of July, 2002 in the Philippines. She is currently a Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) student in Philippine School Doha. She has grown a passion for sports and has competed in her school's sport and game events. She has been a member of her schools' volleyball varsity teams since grade 9 and has received awards like being part of the Mythical Six. On her previous high school years, she has achieved the championship award in table tennis (doubles) back in 9 th grade. She is currently a president in her TLE specialization and is a member of the Senior Safety Squad Organization in her school. With the lessons and recognition earned from her previous achievements, she plans to use her grown passion towards a business oriented angle; she plans to open up her own business in the future which is why she chose to be in the ABM strand.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Aaron Antonio L. Buensalida is currently a senior high school 12 th grade under the strand of ABM Accountancy and business management of Philippines school Doha Qatar. He will be graduating along with his batch the cavaliers this April of 2020.He has achieve perfect attendance since his 7 th grade and one of the most active students in his room. He has joined multiple scouting organizations and has participated in community service events since his junior high school years. He has been also participating in school intramurals since his 7 th grade and has played in multiple team and has won two championships. He is also a member of the senior safety squad since his 11 th grade and has served countless people in his school and outside the campus. After his graduation he will be taking Occupational therapist at De La Salle Health and Science Institute in the Philippines for 4 years and take masters in New Zealand.