Empowerment of Homeless and Beggars Through Education and Training

The aim of the research is to describe about the role of training on the empowerment of homeless and beggars in the social environments of Jember Regency, Indonesia. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The place of research is carried out in the Social Cottage Environment of Jember Regency by using the purpose Area technique. The technique for determining the informant is using Snowball Sampling. The results of research on the role of training on the empowerment of sprawl in the Social Environment of Jember Regency shows that the training organized by Lingkungan Pondok Sosial (Liposos) is in accordance with talents, interests and able to meet the needs of sprawl, namely Tataboga Training, meatball making training and tire patching training, through this training can increase knowledge and flat skills so that bringing changes to the sprawl can especially change their mindset and behavior so as not to return to the streets. With the skills possessed can be used as entrepreneurs for example selling coffee around, selling meatballs. So that the training can increase independence which in turn will increase his welfare. Suggestions for further researchers is the right strategy needed in the learning process in training that is by using the Transformative Learning strategy.


INTRODUCTION
Based on BPS in East Java, Indonesia the percentage of poor people in March 2019 was 10.37 percent or around 4,112.25 thousand people of East Java were still experiencing poverty. The number of Poor Residents of Jember Regency in 2018 reached 243,420 or 9.98 percent of the population of Jember Regency. And decreased by 1.02 points when compared to the previous year. Social welfare development is an inseparable part of national development, and also takes an active role in improving the quality of life of the Indonesian people. along with progress in the field of social welfare that has not been resolved, where the Indonesian people are still faced with problems of poverty, neglect, disability, social disability, and deviations in behavior, remoteness, victims of disasters and acts of violence, both primary problems and non-social consequences / impacts , which have not yet been fully reached by the social welfare development process including the problem of homeless people and beggars.
Currently the number of sprawl has been fairly evenly distributed, almost in every city throughout Indonesia we often encounter sprawl that is seen on the edges of the road, train stations assisted by bridges, overhanging shops, educational environments to the downtown area which is an area that must be freed from the homeless and beggars, especially in Jember Regency, the rule of law regarding the prohibition of homeless people and beggars from wandering around the specified area, neither making them afraid nor deterrent. The Social Service in collaboration with the Jember Regency Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) has a raid program to eradicate homeless people and beggars, after that it is accommodated in the Social Pondok Environment (Liposos) to be given awareness and changed their mindset and given skills so that they are able to meet the needs of his life is through Non-formal Education.
Based on the National Education System Law No.20 of 2003, non-formal education includes life skills education, early childhood education, youth education, women's empowerment education, literacy education, vocational education and job training, equality education and other education aimed at developing abilities learners. As for the preliminary study, the role of non-formal education carried out by the Liposos in the framework of empowering homeless and beggars in Jember Regency is through the provision of training. Considering the purpose of the training is to obtain changes in the behavior of those who are trained (Mustofa, 2010). Furthermore, according to Filippo (Mustofa, 2010) that the purpose of the training is to increase knowledge and skills.
The training program is expected to provide empowerment to homeless people and beggars at least to improve welfare and independence. According to Work Bank (Totok and Poerwoko, 2015) defines empowerment as an effort to provide opportunities and abilities to groups of people (poor) to be able and brave to voice (voice) or voice their opinions, ideas, or ideas, and the ability and courage to choose the best things (concepts, methods, products, actions, etc.) for the person, family and society. In other words, community empowerment is a process of increasing the ability and attitude of community independence. In line with that, empowerment can be interpreted as an effort to increase the ability of the community (poor, marginal, marginalized) to express their opinions and / or needs, choices, participate, negotiate, influence and manage community institutions responsibly (accountable) for the betterment of their lives Furthermore, According to Totok and Poerwoko (2015) states that empowerment is enabling and independence of the community. In an effort to empower the community can be seen from three sides, namely: First, creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of developing communities, in other words this training can make the homeless in Jember Regency can raise awareness of its potential and strive to develop it.
Second, strengthen the potential and power of the community (empowering). In this framework, more positive steps are needed, apart from just creating the climate and atmosphere. This reinforcement includes concrete steps, and involves providing various inputs and opening access to opportunities that will make the community empowered. In the framework of this empowerment the most basic efforts are to improve the level of education and health status, as well as access to the sources of economic progress.
Third, empowering also means protecting. In the process of empowerment, the weak must be prevented from becoming weaker, because of the lack of empowerment in the face of the strong. Therefore, protection and partiality to the weak is very basic in the concept of empowerment In this sense, empowerment means improving the quality of life or well-being of each individual and society, among others in the sense of: (1) improvement of the economy, especially food sufficiency; (2) improvement of social welfare (education and health); (3) freedom from all forms of oppression; (4) guaranteed security; and (5) guaranteed human rights free from fear and worry. According Totok and Poerwoko (2015) states that the essence of empowerment is centered on humans and humanity, in other words humans and humanity as normative, structural, and substantial benchmarks. Community empowerment is an effort to increase the dignity and level of the people who in the present condition are unable to escape from poverty and background instruments. In other words, empowerment is enabling and empowering the community.
Based on the description above, it can be formulated how the role of training towards the empowerment of homeless people and beggars in Jember District Social Environment. The purpose is to describe the role of the Training on the empowerment of homeless and beggars.

METHOD
This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. According to Masyhud (2016) descriptive research is research that seeks to describe a condition, a condition naturally. Describe here is intended to obtain a clear, objective picture of a situation as it is, without connecting with other conditions or conditions or variables. Thus, descriptive research is research with a single variable, without connecting with other variables. In this descriptive study, researchers only describe conditions that are observed solely, do not need to look for or explain mutual relationships, test hypotheses, make predictions / predictions, or get implications from the results of research conducted.
According to Masyhud (2016) qualitative research is research that emphasizes the aspect of in-depth understanding of a problem rather than looking at the problem for generalization research. This research method prefers to use deep analysis techniques (in-depth analysis) or content analysis (content analysis), which examines problems in case cases because qualitative methodology believes that the nature of one problem will be different from the nature of other problems. The purpose of this methodology is not a generalization but an in-depth understanding of a problem.
The technique of determining the research informants in this study uses snowball sampling. According to Sugiyono (2015) snowball sampling is a data source sampling technique, which was initially small in number, gradually became large. This is done because of the small amount of data sources that have not been able to provide satisfactory data, so look for other people who can be used as data sources. Thus, the number of data source samples will be even greater, like a rolling snowball, gradually becoming large. Therefore, snowball sampling is likened to a rolling snowball. The first sample is determined purposively according to the characteristics of the sample to be studied., Then the second sample and so on are determined based on the informants obtained from the first sample. The key informants in this study were homeless and beggars, and instructors; while the supporting informants are the Head of Rehabilitation and staff.
Data collection techniques are the most strategic step in research, because the main purpose of research is to get data. Without knowing data collection techniques, the researcher will not get data that meets the data standards Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 501 set (Sugiyono, 2015). The data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. This interview technique was carried out to obtain targeted data and focused on research problems. Interview is a dialogue conducted by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewer (Arikunto, 2010). Meanwhile according to Sudjana (2014) interview is a data collection technique through direct communication (face to face) between the questioner and the questioner or respondent. While Observation is a data collection technique that does not use words or is not accompanied by verbal communication. Although this technique generally involves seeing visual data, observation can also involve other senses such as hearing, touch, palpation, and smell (Sudjana, 2014). According to Arikunto (2010) states observation can be done in two ways, namely non-systematic observation and systematic observation. Non-systematic observations, namely observations made by observers by not using observation instruments. While systematic observations are observations made by observers using the guidelines as an observation instrument. The documentation is a record of events that have passed. Documentation in the form of writings, drawings, or monumental works from someone (Sugiyono, 2015). According to Masyhud (2016) the documentation guide is a data collection instrument to assist researchers in capturing data sourced from the documentation.
The data validity checking technique uses three stages, namely: (1) extension of participation is the participation of researchers in data collection; (2) perseverance of observation is to find characteristics and elements in situations that are highly relevant in the problem or issue being sought and then satisfy themselves in these cases in detail; and (3) triangulation is a data validity checking technique that utilizes something other than the data for checking purposes as a comparison of that data. According to Satori and Komariah (2017), triangulation is checking data from various sources in several ways and times. Triangulation is divided into three triangulations of techniques, sources and time. In this study using technical and source triangulation.
The data analysis technique is one of the most important parts in research because with data analysis results and findings will be obtained. According to Sugiyono (2015) data analysis in qualitative research carried out since before entering the field, during the field and after the field. But in qualitative research, data analysis is more focused during the process in the field together with data collection. In this study, researchers used data analysis in the field model of Miles and Huberman (Sugiyono, 2015) by following the steps as follows: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
Data reduction, the data obtained from the field is quite a lot, for this reason it needs to be recorded carefully and in detail. Reducing data means summarizing, choosing the main points, focusing on the important things, looking for themes and patterns. Thus, the reduced data will provide a clearer picture, and make it easier for researchers to do further data collection, and look for it if needed.
Presentation of data (data display), after the data has been reduced, the next step is to display the data. In qualitative research, the presentation of data can be done in the form of brief descriptions, charts, relationships between categories, flowcharts and the like. The most frequently used data for presentation in qualitative research is narrative text. By displaying the data, it will be easy to understand what is happening, to plan further work based on what has been understood.
Conclusion drawing and verification (conclusion drawing / verification), the initial conclusions submitted are still temporary, and will change if there is no strong evidence that supports the next stage of data collection. Thus, the conclusions in qualitative research may be able to answer the problem formulation that was formulated from the beginning, but maybe not, because as has been stated that the problems and the formulation of problems in qualitative research are still temporary and will develop after the research is in the field.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on observations and interviews, the research findings related to the role of training on the empowerment of homeless and beggars in the Social Organization of Jember Regency is that the training organized by Liposos (Social Pondok Environment) is in accordance with their talents, interests and is able to meet the needs of sprawl, tataboga training, meatball making training and tire patching training, through this training can increase the knowledge and skills of the sprawl so that it brings changes to the sprawl especially can change their mindset and behavior so as not to return to the streets. With the skills possessed can be used as entrepreneurs for example selling coffee around, selling meatballs. So that the training can increase independence which in turn will increase his welfare. In this case according to what was stated by Parker (2006) that independence is the ability to manage everything he has himself, that is knowing how to manage time, walk and think independently, accompanied by the ability to take risks and solve problems. Furthermore, according to Chaplin (1996) believes independence is defined as a condition in which a person is not dependent on others in determining decisions and the existence of self-confidence. This means that with the skills possessed by the homeless and beggars, they can change their lives that were originally on the streets by begging, eventually they are self-employed according to the results of their training, there are those who open patches of tires, sell coffee around and there are those who sell meatballs.
According to Maslow in Hikma (2015) said that human behavior is determined to achieve goals in meeting their needs. Everyone's needs are certainly different from one another. In this case, if the income earned is sometimes less than the time of begging, it does not make the homeless Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 501 (homeless and beggars) despair because they are aware, that the needs are mostly only the desire first, where the current income is felt to be sufficient to meet daily needs. In this case by following the training organized by the Social Pondok Environment, the homeless and beggars of change no longer vagrancy or beg, because they prefer to make a business / sell rather than begging on the streets. With this training, sprawl is more independent so that it can improve their welfare.
Training as a process of empowerment and learning, means that individuals (members of the community), including in this case flat (homeless and beggars) must learn something (material) in order to improve the ability, skills, and behavior in work and daily life in sustaining the economy (income). In line with the above understanding, Mustofa (2012) provides a definition of training is one type of learning process to acquire and improve skills outside the human resource development system, which applies in a relatively short time with methods which prioritizes practice over theory. Thus, the role of the training basically can be concluded that the training can improve abilities both affective (attitude), cognitive (knowledge) and psychomotor (behavior) and prepare the community in facing the changes that occur.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research above, the role of training on the empowerment of homeless and beggars can be concluded that the training held by the UPT Environmental Social Organization in Jember Regency to homeless and beggars can improve their knowledge and skills so that they can apply the results of training in daily life by selling meatballs. , patching tires and selling coffee around it so that they are no longer begging on the streets which in turn can be more independent and improve their welfare.
The suggestion for the Social Service UPT Liposos of Jember Regency is that in holding the training, it is necessary to identify the needs of the homeless and beggars first, while the next researcher needs the right strategy in the learning process in the training by using the Transformative Learning strategy.