EXAMINATION OF STUDIES STRUCTURED WITH PRE-SCHOOL MUSIC TEACHING USING CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD

In this study, the aim is to analyze the content of the studies in the field of Preschool Music Education. Content analysis method was used together with the source surveying method in the research. The sample of the study consists of 86 articles archived between 1997 and 2017. Detailed investigations were made in the research and the data were grouped. In the surveyed studies, the articles were examined according to their types, database, country where the study was conducted, the date of publication, the number of sources used, the sample and data collection method used, and the results.


Problem
The relation between human beings and music, which starts to be established indirectly in the prenatal period of the individual, turns into a direct relationship form after birth. This relationship diversifies, becomes richer, stronger, and develops over time, and it continues throughout the person's life (Dagdeviren, 2017). Pre-school education is the education a child receives from birth to primary education, which is accepted as basic education. Musical education received during this period affects the mental development, social and emotional development and motor development of the child. Pre-school music education includes activities such as researching, recognizing and distinguishing surrounding sounds, rhythm studies, singing and listening, creative movement and dance, and musical stories. The preschool period, which is thought to be the basis of music education, constitutes the data source of this study. It is based on the proposition that researches in the preschool field constitute the basis of music education. The question "what are the studies on preschool music education?" constitutes the problem of this research.

Objective of the Study
The general purpose of this study is to classify the articles and researches published in the field of preschool music education between 1997-2017 according to their purposes and to the distribution of subjects in order to examine the subject contents and to reach reliable results with the resulting data. In addition, the research is thought to be important in terms of helping to ensure originality in the selection of the subject of the studies that are being or will be conducted in the field of music education in the preschool period. In addition, it is considered to be important in terms of providing time convenience and economy for researchers who will conduct research in this field.
Answers to the following questions were sought to solve the problem within the scope of the research. With regard to the articles written between 1997-2017 in the field of music education,  What are the titles?
 What are the databases?
 In which country the study was conducted?
 What is the date of publication?
 What is the number of authors?
 What is the number of references used?
 What is the sample used and the data collection method?

Model of the Study
This study was conducted using content analysis, which is a qualitative analysis method. The main purpose in content analysis is to reach the concepts and relationships that can explain the collected data. Compared to descriptive analysis, the data are subjected to a deeper process in content analysis and with a descriptive approach, with which unnoticed concepts and fundamental analysis results can be discovered. For this purpose, the data collected must first be conceptualized, then organized according to these concepts, and the themes explaining the data must be determined based on the foregoing (Yıldırım & Simsek, 2006). This research is a qualitative study conducted with the purpose of determining the subject contents of the researches in the field of Preschool Music Education with the source surveying method.
In addition, the study is limited to articles found by browsing with the keywords "Preschool Music" and "Preschool Music Education" without giving date ranking. In addition, the research was limited to ULAKBİM, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases.

Population and Sample
In this study, only Ulakbim, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Web of Science databases were used. A total of 86 articles were reached by searching the keywords "Preschool Music Education" and "Preschool Music Education".

Data Collection Tools
Data in the research was created by reviewing 86 articles published in Ulakbim, Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Web of Science databases in the field of Preschool Music Education between 1997-2017. The articles were analyzed according to the titles, database, country where the study was conducted, date of publication, number of sources used, and sampling and data collection method used, and tables were created.

Analysis of Data
The distribution of articles on Preschool Music Education between 1997-2017 is provided. In the distributions, the subject titles of the study, the database, the country where the study was conducted, the date of publication, the number of authors, the number of references, the sample, and the data collection method were used in all tables created in accordance with the sub-objectives by using content analysis, and integrity was provided by giving in the same order in each sub-dimension. As can be seen in Table 1, 86 studies were conducted in 18 different countries in total. The highest number of studies were conducted in Turkey with 49 articles, which was followed by 10 studies in USA, 7 studies in China, 4 studies in Sweden, 3 studies in Spain, 2 studies in Estonia, and 1 study each in Denmark, Finland, Israel, Australia, Malaysia, Estonia, Greece, Russia, Slovenia, Netherlands, Belgrade and Kenya.

Findings
The articles subject to the study were published in 15 different years. Table 2 gives the distribution of the articles according to the publication years. The articles within the scope of the study were published in 15 different years. It was concluded that the year with the highest number of publications was 2016 with 17 publications, and the years with the least number of publications were 1997 and 2004 with 1 publication.
The distribution of articles according to the number of authors varies from 1 to 5. Table 4 shows the distribution of the articles according to the number of authors. The distribution of articles according to the number of authors varies from 1 to 5. It was concluded that the number of articles with 1 author was 46, and the number of articles with 5 authors was 1. In Table 4, when looking at the distribution of the articles according to the number of references, it is seen that the highest and lowest number of references used by the researchers was 94 and 4, relatively. In addition, it was concluded that the articles mostly used 24 sources.
The most frequently used data collection tools in selected articles are Literature Review, Pretest-Posttest, Observation, Mixed and Scale, respectively. Table 6 shows the distribution of the articles according to the data collection tools. As seen in Table 5, the most preferred method for collecting data in articles is the Literature surveying method. Literature surveying method is found as 39.53 percent in 34 articles in total. The least preferred data collection method is the scale (attitude, questionnaire, etc.) data collection method, which is used 16 times and has a total share of 18.60 percent.
The number of articles that make up the study sample is 86. Below are the questions used for the analysis of the study and the findings compiled from the Content Analysis Table.  While creating the Content Analysis Table prepared in the study, 4 databases were used. In this context, it has been concluded that there are 15 studies from ULAKBİM database, 13 studies from EBSCO database, 21 studies from Web of Science database and 37 studies from Google Academic database directly related to preschool music education. With 37 articles and 43.02 ratio, the most used database is Google Scholar. We have benefited from Web of Science with 21 articles and a rate of 24.42, and ULAKBİM with a rate of 15 articles and 17.44. EBSCO database was the least utilized one with 13 articles and a rate of 15.12.
 Studies were conducted in 18 different countries in total. The highest number of studies were conducted in Turkey with 49 articles, which was followed by 10 studies in USA, 7 studies in China, 4 studies in Sweden, 3 studies in Spain, 2 studies in Estonia, and 1 study each in Denmark, Finland, Israel, Australia, Malaysia, Estonia, Greece, Russia, Slovenia, Netherlands, Belgrade and Kenya.
 The articles within the scope of the study were published in 15 different years. It was concluded that the year with the highest number of publications was 2016 with 17 publications, and the years with the least number of publications were 1997 and 2004 with 1 publication.
 The distribution of articles according to the number of authors varies from 1 to 5. It was concluded that the number of articles with 1 author was 46, and the number of articles with 5 authors was 1.
 Number of references in the articles show variance from minimum 4 references to maximum 94 references.
 The most frequently used data collection tools in the selected articles are literature survey, pretest-posttest, observation, mixed, and scale, respectively.


The most frequently used data collection tools in the articles selected within the scope of the study were determined as Literature Review, Pretest-Posttest, Observation, Mixed and Scale, respectively. In the articles included in the study, 34 literature reviews, 18 Pretest-Posttest, Observation, 18 Mixed and 16 Scale data collection methods were found. According to the article "Investigation of Studies on Music Education in Preschool Period" by Researcher Oğuz and Kaya (2017), quantitative research method was used in 15 of the research-based articles, 10 of which were designed in the scanning model and 5 in the experimental model. Among the articles examined, it was observed that the number of articles conducted using qualitative method was 2, and the models of these articles were specified as surveying and document analysis, which is similar to the study conducted.


All 86 studies obtained within the scope of the research consisted of articles. 83.3% of the data analysis of the research titled "Examination of Post-School Theses in the Field of Preschool Music Education in Syria" by researcher Dağdeviren (2017) consists of master theses. This may indicate that the theses are given importance to the preschool field.


In the research conducted by Ahi and Kıldan (2013) titled "Examination of Graduate Theses on Preschool Education in Turkey (2002-2011)", it was observed that studies on preschool music education increased in 2006. In the research we conducted on preschool music education, it has been revealed that the articles were widely researched in 2013. From this, we can interpret that the theses are widely conducted about preschool music education, but that they have not been turned into scientific articles.


It is believed that if the studies to be conducted are not limited to only articles, it may be more effective in terms of reaching the entire field and revealing all the studies.
 Conducting content analysis of the keyword used in "preschool music education" with reference to other sub-dimensions may provide more information.
 It is believed that reaching more articles by differentiating and reproducing the databases in which content analysis has been made will increase the validity of the research.  In the study, it was observed that the number of article authors is generally 1. The higher number of authors in the researched articles may be important in terms of adding different perspectives to the researched subject.
 Since increasing research in the field will provide more resources for people who will conduct research in this field, it is thought that studies should be increased.
 It is believed that using different research methods and data collection tools in this area will improve preschool music education.