COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE

A presidential debate is one of the campaign media which has a function to promote a presidential candidate to be a president. A linguistics theory of meaning was used to describe the utterances of the illocutionary act. This study was aimed to find a commissive speech act and its function in the first Indonesian presidential debate in 2019. The data source of this study was a video taken from Kompas TV channel on YouTube. The data of this study were utterances produced by the candidates. The data were collected by watching and note-taking techniques. As a result, 20 utterances belonged to the commissive speech act produced by Jokowi, Prabowo, and Sandi. However, there were no commissive speech act utterances produced by Ma'ruf. The conclusion is that the candidates mostly used promise act in producing utterances. The promise acts appear in the future tense, if clause condition sentence, and expression of InsyaAllah. Meanwhile, the function of producing utterances in this study is to show the candidates' capability to gain the consideration of society to vote one of them with a good sympathy.


C. Results
There were 20 utterances of the commissive speech act. The utterances were produced by Jokowi, Prabowo, and Sandi. However, no commissive speech act utterances produced by Ma'ruf in a bit of time he delivered arguments. Ma"ruf used statements that had no future meaning and had only information meanings. The data were classified into six types of commissive speech acts and six functions.

Commissive Speech Act in Presidential Debate
The results indicated that there were six types of commissive speech acts used by the Indonesian presidential debate. This datum was an offering act. The speaker produced the word "offer" that had an implicit meaning of future action.
The speaker had an idea to improve this country to be justness. From the context, the speaker was being a president who wanted to have more periods in his leadership. The purpose was to stimulate audiences to vote for him and Ma"ruf as the next president selected.

b. Commit
Commit in Oxford Dictionary is a promise sincerely that the speaker will definitely do something. It was found that commissive speech act of commit produced by participants of Indonesian presidential debate in 2019. The data occurred when the speaker commits in solving the problem, respect the greatest people and intend as present in data (2), (3), and (4).
(We have committed to solving the problem of human rights, and to guarantee it).
Datum (2)  This datum belonged to commissive speech act. The word "committed" is the evidence of commissive speech act of commit. It had a serious purpose in solving problems in future action.
Implicitly, he needed one more period to lead this country to treat exhaustively entire problems.
(Prabowo-Sandi commit, we will ensure for the best disabled students to fulfill their potential).
Datum (3)  understood contract with a disability that would be carried out. 21 This utterance was specially delivered to disability. This datum belonged to commissive speech act. It was proven by the word "commit" which had an intended meaning in developing a fully potential plan in the future.

c. Promise
Promise is the act produced by speakers to addressee about the willingness to do an action. It can also mean a capacity for good, similar to a value that is to be realized in the near future. 22 It was found that promise was used to ask for forgiveness of making an error, convincing people, and explaining a mission. All data were presented in data (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9).

(Many people complained, it's our homework, and with Prabowo-Sandi
God willing we enforce the law, we ensure there is no corruption anymore, we make sure a glory in Indonesia).
Datum (5)  Therefore, he delivered a statement "they will gather…" because he considered that those problems could not be solved easily in a short time and separately.
(When we are going to lead the government, we will be a massive investment in education and health to help the most people under the poorest. We will help pesantren and madrasah where we must improve their capacity and quality of life).
Datum (7)  word "when we are going to lead the government" indicated that he would take steps when they became president in the next period.
In Datum (8) Jokowi promised that he would revise the entire law that obstructed in developing SMEs. The evidence was the word "will" that had an action in the future. While the word "revise" was the Jokowi"s promise.
Jokowi felt that his previous leadership had not perfect yet. He intended to increase prosperity and repair a weakness by leaning a mistake in his next presidential leadership.
(We are determined to stop the problem, we are determined to rise the tax ratio. We believe that the country is very rich but there is a problem with wealth. Our wealth flows out of the country).
Datum (9) occurred in a closing moment. Prabowo stated that Indonesia could be a success by upgrading in law, district attorney, and police. Therefore, Prabowo promised that he would stop any problems which hampered a success. The evidence of commissive speech act was the word "are determined" which had a future plan to be bright. In his promise, he wanted to increase a salary and stop leakage. The reason for that was because he had been intrigued by problems in Indonesia, so he wanted to make a change.

d. Threat
Threat is a statement in which one tells somebody, that speaker will be punished or harmed, especially if speaker does not do what you want, to make threats against somebody. 24 It is found that threat was used in a warning act to the addressee. This data occurred when the speaker was going to extreme on his policy. All the data were presented in data (10) and (11) "Aparat itu tanggung jawab kepala eksekutif, jadi kita harus jamin kalau ada pejabat yang menyimpang, saya akan pecat" -Prabowo (10).
(The apparatus is the responsibility of the chief executive. Therefore, we must guarantee if there is a deviant official, I will discharge them).

Datum (10) was produced by
Prabowo in the first question from panelist to Prabowo-Sandi. That's about human rights, which was a strategy that could solve the problem of discrimination and persecution. Before the datum was produced, Jokowi contradicted Prabowo"s answer and he added an issue about Prabowo"s party that some of Prabowo"s members were corruptors. In the datum, Prabowo immediately threatened that all officials would be exhausted when carrying out irregularities.
In Prabowo"s response, there was an utterance that belonged to commissive speech act and the utterance was "I will discharge". This utterance had a future meaning since it was used "will" as future meaning. The word "discharge" was a threat sign. Threat means doing something in the future that is harmful to the hearer. 25 The purpose was to give an understanding that carrying out irregularities was totally forbidden to official.

(I guarantee that the Gerindra party will fight corruption. If there is a member of Gerindra who corrupts, I will put him in prison by my self).
Datum (11)  be done in the future. Implicitly, he considered that no corruptors in his party.

e. Guarantee
In the act of guarantee, the speaker commits him/ herself to achieve certain things in the future. 26 It was found that guarantee was used in a great belief in the issue. Sometimes, it was followed by consequences related to the issue. This datum occurred when the speaker was backed bite at his party. The datum was presented in datum (12).
(I guarantee that the Gerindra party will fight corruption. If there is a member of Gerindra who are corrupt, I will put him in prison by myself).

f. Bet
Bet in Oxford Dictionary is an arrangement to risk money, etc. It was found that bet was used when the speaker had a power at stake. The datum was presented in datum (13) "Jokowi-Amin akan pertaruhkan jabatan dan reputasi dan akan kami gunakan semua kewenangan yang kami miliki untuk perbaikan bangsa ini" -Jokowi (13).
(Jokowi-Amin will risk our position and reputation. We will use all the authority that we have for the improvement of this nation).
This datum was produced by Jokowi at the end of the section. In this section, each candidate was given several times to deliver a closing statement that elaborated on the whole topic and respected another candidate. The utterance belonged to commissive speech act of bet. Jokowi entrusted his position in developing this nation. The word "risk" was evidence of commissive speech act. Speaker had a power at stake that was "position and reputation." Both powers became a bet to improve this country. In this case, he fought something by entrusting his position when becoming a president. 27 Rashid. Implicitly, he had a great intention to repair this country sincerely.

Act in Presidential Debate
The research indicated that six functions of commissive speech act were used by Indonesian presidential debate.

a. Information
It was found that one of the functions of commissive speech act in Indonesian presidential debate was applied in the debate. In this case, the speaker used commissive speech act to convey information about something in the future which regarded to interlocutor as present in datum (1) and (2).
Sandi recognized that Indonesia had a great potential in strengthening a law.
Indeed, Sandi was able to overcome all regulatory issues in Indonesia by making law a priority policy in his leadership.
(We will empower the national legal development agency. We will strengthen them with the best experts to do a synchronization).

(We have committed to solving the problem of human rights, guarantee it).
Datum (4)

c. Sympathy
This sympathy involved the speaker"s utterance that implicitly showed a sympathy to the interlocutor. Some of the capability functions contained in the Indonesian presidential debate candidates in this study were when the speaker was apprehensive to disability, uneducated and unhealthy people as present in datum (5) and (6).
(Prabowo-Sandi commit, we will ensure for the best disabled students to fulfill their potential).

Datum (5) was Sandi's response to
Jokowi's statement. Jokowi stated that he wanted to balance a rightful authority.
Sandi produced "we will ensure for the best disabled students to fulfill their potential" that indicated a sympathy.
Sympathy is to say a sense of attention to what is happening. 28 Sandi attempted to find out public"s attention especially disability people.
(Prabowo-Sandi will be on the sides of society. Prabowo-Sandi will ensure that human rights also include access to education, health, and good livelihoods).
In datum (6), Sandi attempted to find out sympathy from society at a low level by a program of balancing HAM, especially those who were lack education, health, and finance. It could be seen in the utterance "Prabowo-Sandi will be on the sides of society. Prabowo-Sandi will ensure that human rights also include 28

d. Apology
In apology, the speaker used a strategy of commissive speech act to ask forgiveness. The speaker realized his mistakes and needed forgiveness. The apology function contained in the Indonesian presidential debate in this study was when the speaker stated guilty that he made a mistake with the previous leadership as present in the datum (7).

(I will revise laws that impede the development of our short for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Based on the context of datum (7) Indonesian presidential debate in this study were when there was the speakers" desire of being a president by oppressed 29 Juwita. and in if clause condition statement as present in datum (8) and (9) "Saya jamin partai Gerindra akan melawan korupsi sampai ke akarakarnya, kalau ada anggota Gerindra yang korupsi, saya yang akan memasukkannya ke dalam penjara sendiri" -Prabowo (8).
(I guarantee that the Gerindra party will fight corruption. If there is a member of Gerindra who corrupts, I will put him in prison by myself).
(If I lead this country, the government, I will improve the quality of life of all bureaucrats realistically).
In the context of datum (9), the speaker gave a guarantee to bureaucrat that he would improve their life. The utterance "I will improve the quality of life of all bureaucrats" indicated that he promised to apply his intention to cover all problems in his future leadership. He also guaranteed salaries in overcoming corruption.

f. Convince
The last is convince. The speaker used the strategy of commissive speech act to convince society. The function of convince contained in Indonesian presidential debate was when the issues were about discrimination and calumny of corruptor as present in datum (10) and (11).
(I guarantee that the Gerindra party will fight corruption. If there is a member of Gerindra who corrupts, I will put him in prison by myself).
In the context of datum (10), the speaker felt that he never got news from ICW. It was an issue of Gerindra"s members who were being corruptors.
Therefore, the speaker convinced the interlocutor that there would be no corruptor in his party. He intended to fight corruptor seriously.
(I will organize all the law enforcement officers. I will instruct. I will affirm that should not discriminate against any tribe, religion, and ethnicity).
In the context of datum (11)