The citizenship and its relationship with the social responsibility among physical education teachers

Purpose: The study aimed to know the level of citizenship and the level of social responsibility among the teachers of physical education and examine the relationship between the citizenship and the social responsibility. Material: The participants were 49 physical educations teachers’ (male) from middle schools. The citizenship and the social responsibility scales were used as search tools. Results: the level of citizenship and social responsibility is high among teachers of physical education, and there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility. Conclusions: To enrich the results of this study it is better to do other studies in the future, such as a comparative study on citizenship among teachers of physical education in the middle and secondary stage, a study on citizenship and its relationship to cultural and social background.


Introduction
The concept of citizenship is defined as a systemic concept that refers to fundamental human rights, civil and political rights, social, economic and cultural rights [1]. The concept of citizenship is defined by its linkage to time and space [2], as well as collective rights, they relate to all areas of personal, private, public and political human activity [3]. Affiliation to a homeland means that citizens have full membership, and that there is equal rights and duties between them [4] and consolidating the principle of tolerance and respect despite diversity and difference in custom, religion, thought, financial status and political affiliation [5].
Social responsibility is the commitment of the individual to his / her actions towards society by contributing a range of social activities related to community service [6]. Social responsibility is associated with several concepts including rights and duties, identity and citizenship, ethics and values, individual and collective conscience [7].
It is inconceivable that a society with a whole slice does not fulfil its role at home [8]. It is inconceivable that a society lacks conscience and responsibility towards themselves and those around them, and lacks a sense of community and home issues, believing in the important role and practice of personal, social and legal responsibility is part of the continuation and survival of societies and individuals and the maintenance of their balance [9,5]. Society cannot appoint an observer for each individual in the execution of his duties, what is required of him in his work, in the role he plays in serving the society, and in following public order, everyone must have a certain amount of responsibility in the performance of their duty, and do their part before there is accountability or legal question [10]. The sense of citizenship values is the intergenerational struggle over citizenship that every generation has belonging to the homeland more than others [11], and that some people are less belonging to the homeland and this is due to the selfish and individualistic behaviors of many members of the homeland and reluctance to participate seriously in building the homeland, which is represented in the natural environment, human environment and technological environment [5,7]. Teacher of physical education, like other teachers must exercise his affiliation in front of his students and the community [12], emphasizing his identity and proud of his culture and traditions, tolerant, opposed for everything that threatens his identity and doubts his affiliation [13]. Physical education teacher must assume multiple social responsibilities, such as instilling a culture of citizenship for students and raising awareness for the members of the community in which he lives [14], one of his most important roles is to modify and develop students behavior in line with the customs, ethics, and social traditions prevailing in society [15,16,17].
The aim of this study is to know the level of Citizenship and Social responsibility, to investigate relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers, no research studies to date have combined this unique set of variables specifically in the field of physical education and sports.
For the purpose of this study, the research study hypotheses were as follows: HYP.1 There is high level of Citizenship among physical education teachers.
HYP.2 There is high level of Social responsibility among physical education teachers.
HYP. 3 There is (positive) correlation relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers.

Material and methods Participants
The statistical community in our study represents all teachers of physical education in the middle schools of the city of Ouargla, after conducting the exploratory study on ten (10) teachers (psychometric characteristics) were among the sample to be studied, and after retrieving the questionnaires the number of members of the sample of the basic study were (49) teachers.
Procedure This field study started in February 2019 until April 2019 ,the researcher distributed the scale of citizenship and social responsibility in the form of a questionnaire based on a set of questions addressed to (59) teachers from the middle schools of Ouargla city , These questionnaires were retrieved in order to carry out the necessary statistical operations (49 questionnaires were returned).

Instruments
In this study, two scales were used to collect data. The first scale is citizenship was prepared by Labouz [18], the scale consisted 102 items, was distributed according to the Likert type scale, to three dimensions: A-Independence and critical thinking (includes 37 items).B-Tolerance, solidarity and acceptance of the other (includes 22 items).C-Openness and liberation from political and social hatred (includes 43 items). During the study, the researcher used only dimension A and B they serve the purpose of the study. Cronbach alpha reliability value of the scale was found (0.80). The second scale is social responsibility was prepared by Bakar [19], the scale consisted 78 items, was distributed according to the Likert type scale. Cronbach alpha reliability value of the scale was found (0.92).
Data analyses Data analyses were carried out by means of statistical packet for social sciences (SPSS) 25.00 software program. The Mean, Std. Deviation and Pearson Correlation were used in the main study. In addition, alpha-Cronbach was used in the exploratory study.

Level of citizenship among physical education teachers
In Table 1, it was found that the highest arithmetic mean of citizenship scale was estimated at (M=2.95) at standard deviation (SD=0.19), while the lowest arithmetic mean of citizenship scalewas (M=1.38) at standard deviation (SD=0.67), it was also found that the value of the total arithmetic mean of the citizenship scale was estimated at (M=2.21) with a standard deviation of (SD 0.16), which shows that the level of citizenship is somewhat high among physical education teachers.
Table (02) shows that the highest arithmetic mean of the social responsibility scale was estimated at (M=3.79) at standard deviation (SD=0.45), the lowest arithmetic mean of the social responsibility was (M=1.93) at the standard deviation (SD=1. 19), it was also found that the value of the arithmetic mean as a whole of the social responsibility scale was estimated at (M=3.32) with a standard deviation (SD=0.28).Thus, it was found that the level of social responsibility is somewhat high among physical education teachers.

The relationship between Citizenship and Social responsibility among physical education teachers
It is clear from table (03) that there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility amongphysical education teachers, where the value of the correlation coefficient Pearson was (0.61) at the level of significance (0.01), meaning that the greater the awareness of the concept of citizenship, the more sense of social responsibility.

Discussion
In this study, we sought to investigate the level of f citizenship and social responsibility among physical education teachers, and to know the correlation between citizenship and social responsibility.
As results of this study, it was concluded that the physical education teachers had high level of citizenship, this shows the spirit of patriotism they enjoy, as well as their possession of the values of citizenship and love and ending their homeland and carrying out their duties towards him. It also shows that this category of teachers seeks in various ways and methods to gain and instill such values and others in the personality of the student, it contributes significantly to the preparation of a good citizen in the community to serve his community and his homeland. These findings coincided with the study of Labouz [18] which concluded that the level of citizenship is high among teachers in the intermediate education level, as well as the study carried out by Bouziane [20], which confirmed that the Algerian school contributes effectively in establishing the pillars of citizenship at the level of principle and application. Citizenship or education is not only a set of constitutional texts, laws and articles that define the rights and duties of members of society, individuals must be made aware as citizens, since it is considered a primary point of conducting their activities in daily life.
Results were concluded that the physical education teachers had high level of social responsibility, it is an important characteristic of the teacher, whether it is his responsibility towards the family, or towards the institution in which he works, his colleagues, friends,  [21] study, which concluded that students of the Islamic University of Gaza have a high level of social responsibility. Results were concluded that significant correlation between citizenship and social responsibility. among physical education teachers, the result is logical because the concept of citizenship is reinforced by a sense of social responsibility and the opposite is true; whenever teachers realize the rights and duties of citizenship, this puts on them the burden of the responsibility of the homeland, which shows through their social responsibility, it is the same conclusion reached by Al-Asfoor [22] when he examined a survey of citizens' opinions on the factors that increase the sense of citizenship, the most important of these factors is the citizen's capability to shoulder his responsibility towards the country and the other citizen.

Conclusion
Through the descriptive study about citizenship and social responsibility among physical education teachers in the middle school, which is a sensitive subject considering the changes taking place in the world today in general and the Arab world in particular, it was concluded through the study that the level of citizenship and social responsibility is high among teachers of physical education, and there is a positive correlation between citizenship and social responsibility.