Al-Aijaz Research Islamic Studies & To Explore the Economic Challenges Face Madaris Graduates In Job Markets

Madrassa plays a vital role in religious education of Muslim. And a very great number of pass out graduate from these institution have not provided opportunities from the Government, Majority of the graduates are living below the poverty line. For this study st Objective: a) to identify the economic challenges faced for these Madrassa students. B) To evaluate the current job opportunities for Madrassa graduates. C) To assess the curriculum adopted in Madrassa for the demand of Markets. D) This study was mixed method research, survey methods and interviews were selected for data collection. The data was collected from Madrassa graduates of three talukas of district Matiari through a questionnaire, while four expert of Madersa education side and four from the public education were selected and semi structured questions were asked from the respondents. Close ended questionnaires were distributed among 200 graduates and collected data were further analyzed. The finding was obtained through a questionnaire that the majority of Madrassa graduates get their jobs as supervision /Pesh imam of Masajid or Madersa teacher or Mozin of Masjid, Their salaries are not sufficient to meet the daily needs of their family. The curriculum of Madrassa are non-religious subjects and technology is in the lowest position.. The study highlights the economic crisis of graduates and recommended that these graduates should provide both modern and Islamic education regarding the need of the time, these students also proved technical education, Government also proved them free interest loan,


Introduction
Unemployment ratio in Pakistan has reached its level of 9 % till 2019. This is the major problem of Pakistan. 161 Madrassa of Pakistan approximately 1.5 million students are taking the graduate degrees in different subjects while 12500 enrolled Madrassa unofficially (35000) approximately producing half million graduates. From 1.5 million students hardly 10% of the students fit with their degree jobs and 86 % Madrassa graduates adjust themselves in Mosque or Madrassa or elsewhere in different labor markets, only 3% fit in other government employability but rest of the students either are unemployed or doing jobs with low qualification jobs. Such an alarming situation needs to be evaluated for the gap between the curriculum adopted in the Madrassa of Pakistan and demands of job markets. Job market demands are different from the courses adopted in the Madrassa. Such mismatch between the course and job demands impacts badly on the future generation of Pakistan. Anastasiu, L.et.al. (2017) noted that graduates produced by the Madrassa of Pakistan face a lot of difficulties during searching jobs or somewhere over qualification and some time they are offered for such a job which is less from their To Explore the Economic Challenges Face Madaris Graduates In Job Markets [ 58 ] qualification. This is a considerable situation that is a misalignment between the Madrassa graduates and job markets. In Pakistan especially Madrassa related graduates are also facing a lot of problems. Graduates in Madrassa from different Madrassa of Pakistan are not getting jobs related to their degree. There is a mismatch in the course adopted in the Madrassa and job markets. Madrassa courses do not fully match the criteria of job demands. What are the ways by which the course will be updated in order to match those criteria that are needed by the markets? The study intends to evaluate the economic challenges faced by the Madrassa graduates in job markets, steps taken to change the curriculum adopted in Madrassa for demand of markets. This study further evaluates the job opportunities for Madrassa graduates. Generally the curriculum adopted in the Madrassa is designed through a process by the instruction of higher education commission.

Objectives
• To identify the economic challenges faced by Madrassa students.
• To assess the steps taken to change the curriculum adopted in Madrassa for demand of markets. • To evaluate the current job opportunities for Madrassa graduates.
• To analyze the current demands of job markets.

Research Questions
• What are the economic challenges faced by Madrassa students?
• What kind of steps are taken by the Madrassa curriculum for the demand of markets?
• What are the current job opportunities for Madrassa graduates?

Literature Review
Madrassa has remained the seat of learning since the inception of Islam. Holy Prophet Peace Be Upon Him used to address and teach the new riveters of Islam. In the history of Islam first mosques were serving for Madrassa and prayer system. At that time this education was considered as the main pillar of mainstream education. The beginning of education in Islam starts with the training of humans. They are told that there is only one Almighty Allah who is the creator of this whole universe. They are well aware of the challenges of the current world and they are trained to face those challenges. Among those challenges the job mismatch of Madrassa graduates as declared by Ali  The challenges remain with respect to incorporating Madrassa graduates in the job markets so that these graduates may prevent from associating radical associations. The Madrassa reforms, that address non-religious subjects in the Madrassa curriculum, have to a great extent been inadequate. Such changes neglect to welcome the self-determination in Madrassa enrolments. The students who don't qualify some subjects drop out in Madrassa. Revising Madrassa curriculum by including these subjects will prompt higher disappointment levels that would add to dissatisfaction of Madrassa graduates. However alternate of English or math, it would prescribe vocational training for all understudies. Pakistan is behind in developing, but battling on occasion, the working class that continues the interest for construction of homes, autos, and bikes. Moreover, with some specialized experience observed in the country, the Madrassa students can look for comparative in different Muslim countries where they can earn more according to their abilities.

Problem statement
Madrassa graduates are facing a lot of economic difficulties in searching jobs in Pakistan. Current market demands need updated technology affiliated jobs. This study will address the challenges faced by the Madrassa students and also evaluate the curriculum adopted in Madrassa and its impacts on job markets. The study will further identify the job opportunities for Madrassa graduates.

The need of the study
It is a general perspective that the Madrassa graduates are economically challenged in Pakistan. Poor parents prefer the Madrassa for their children due to poverty and they cannot afford modern education. From the literature, a lot of studies have been conducted on the challenges of Madrassa individually but this study will address the economical challenges to Madrassa graduates in job markets. Need of the study is so wide because it pertains to the job market demands, economical challenges to the Madrassa graduates. In Pakistan, Madrassa curriculum needs to be evaluated in order to provide job opportunities for Madrassa graduates.

Methods and Design
Study is mixed method research in which quantitative and qualitative research were applied researcher used survey method and interviews from the expert who had depth knowledge of these passes out. The survey data was collected from Madrassa graduates of three talukas of district Matiari through a self-made questionnaire, 200 graduates were distributed the questionnaire. Collected data was further analyzed. Who are working in different places or unemployed yet. A questionnaire was prepared through the literature and experience and from a qualitative point of view four experts were selected from madaersa side, while four from the modern public schools side suggestions. The participants were inquired about their interest in taking admission in Madrassa.
Majority of the participants agreed on the poverty rationale but some also disagree from the above mentioned statement.

2 3 4 5 Mean
Madrassa degree is not preferred in the job markets. 10 15 10 20 145 4.4 The participants were inquired about the Madrassa preference. Majority of the participants agree that the job market doesn't prefer the Madrassa degrees but some also disagree from the above mentioned statement. The participants were inquired about whether their experiences are not sufficient to adjust

Al -Aijaz (July-Dec 2020) To Explore the Economic Challenges Face Madaris Graduates In Job Markets
[ 61 ] in job markets. Majority of the participants agreed that the experiences of Madrassa graduates are inadequate to adjust in job markets whether some remain undecided and some disagree with the above mentioned statement.
Usually the job markets deny appointing Madrassa graduates.
12 15 13 60 100 4.1 The participants were asked about the job market interests in appointing Madrassa graduates. Majority of the participants were agreed that job markets deny appointing Madrassa graduates w whether some remain undecided and some were disagree with the above mentioned statement.

2 3 4 5 Mean
Madrassa graduates found jobs in mosques, Madrassa or inherited business.

10 9 20 144 4.32
When the participants were inquired about the job opportunities for Madrassa graduates, the majority were agreed that they found the majority of jobs in mosques, Madrassa as teachers or related jobs and some have inherited the business from their parents or self business.

4 3 2 1 Mean
Madrassa graduates found jobs in government departments.

15 19 12 20 4.2
When the participants were inquired about the jobs found in the government sector, the majority of the participants disagree from this statement but some remain undecided however some also agree with this statement.

3.96
The participants were enquired about their salaries the majority of the participants agreed that Madrassa graduates approximately get 5000 to 10000 rupees however some also get 10000 to 25000 rupees.
[ 62 ] The participants were enquired about the non-religious subjects like math, science, English, etc are taught. The majority of the participants were agree that these subjects are not taught in Madrassa.

4 3 2 1 Mean
Vocational training have been arranged by Madrassa administration.

0 5 0 0 5
The participants were enquired about the vocational training to the graduates by the Madrassa administration. Majority of the participants disagree that such types of vocational trainings have been arranged.

45 12 12 16 4.2
The participants were enquired about the unemployment frustration that leads them towards extremism. Majority of the participants strongly disagree this but few remain undecided however some also agree that frustration of unemployment push them towards extremism.

4 3 3 2 Mean
Government stipends are provided to the Madrassa students. 200 0 0 0 0 5 When the participants were inquired about the stipends being offered by the government side to the graduates. Majority of the participants were strongly disagreed this statement.

4 3 2 1 Mean
Government funds are provided to Madrassa for usual expenses.

0 0 0 0 5
When the participants were inquired about the funds being offered by the government side to the Madrassa. Majority of the participants were strongly disagree to this statement.

Al -Aijaz (July-Dec 2020) To Explore the Economic Challenges Face Madaris Graduates In Job Markets
[ 63 ] When the participants were inquired about the funds. The majority of the participants strongly agree that the funds are collected through self-collection.

4 3 2 1 Mean
Madrassa has taken steps to reform the curriculum according to job market demands.

6 5 5 6 4.7
The participants were inquired about steps taken by the Madrassa administration to reform the curriculum with respect to job markets demands. Majority of the participants strongly disagree this but few remain undecided however some also agree with this statement.

Statement 1 2 3 4 5 Mean
Only religious education is taught to Madrassa students.

2 5 3 194.9
When the participants were inquired about the religious curriculum taught. Majority of the participants strongly agree with this.

Statement 1 2 3 4 5 Mean
Modern requirements are not addressed by the Madrassa in Contemporary era.

3 5 7 185 4.9
The participants were inquired about modern requirement beings not addressed by the Madrassa. Majority of the participants strongly agree this but few remain undecided.

4 6 0 0 4.9
The participants were enquired about the Madrassa support to militancy. Majority of the participants strongly disagree with this statement.

2 3 4 5 Mean
Usually the graduates of different universities are preferred than Madrassa graduates in job markets

22 12 24 132 4.23
The participants were enquired about the preferences between graduates of other universities and Madrassa graduates by the job markets. Majority of the participants strongly agree that other university graduates are preferred more than Madrassa graduates but few remain undecided however some also disagree with that statement.
[ 64 ] Finding of above questions ❖ Almost students are taking admission in Madrassa due to poverty. ❖ Madrassa degree is not preferred in the job markets. ❖ Madrassa graduates found jobs easily only in masjid, Madaris. ❖ Madrassa graduates experiences are not sufficient to adjust in job markets. ❖ Usually, the international companies denied to appoint Madrassa graduates. ❖ Madrassa graduates found a few jobs in government departments. ❖ Usually, the salary of Madrassa graduate is approximately 5000,-7000 thousand rupees. ❖ These people are depended on the society. ❖ These people are spending simple life almost hand to mouth. ❖ These are enjoying in life, due to the religious spirit and services. ❖ After passing out they have constructed their own Madaris, Masajid, where they earn a lot of respect and serve for Islamic education. ❖ Nowadays basic Non-religious subjects like Science, Math, and English are taught in Madaris. ❖ There is not an arrangement of vocational training from Madrassa administration ❖ The frustration of unemployment leads Madrassa graduates to extremism. ❖ Government stipends are provided to the Madrassa students. ❖ Government funds are provided to Madrassa for usual expenses. ❖ Usually, Madrassa obtained their funds through self-collection ❖ Madrassa has taken steps to reform the curriculum according to job market demands. ❖ Only religious education is taught to Madrassa students. ❖ Modern requirements are not addressed by the Madrassa in Contemporary era. ❖ Madrassa curriculum supports militancy and extremism thoughts. ❖ Usually, the graduates of different universities are preferred than Madrassa graduates in job markets.

Discussions
From the findings, the major economic challenges have been observed in which the major hindrances are for Madrassa graduates in adjusting themselves in job markets. From the participants responses it is summarized that the major economic challenges to the Madrassa graduates are the degree recognition. Their degrees are not recognized from the general as compared to other universities. Their experiences are not sufficient. They don't have modern subject's knowledge like English, math, science etc. They only get jobs related to mosques supervision or Madrassa related teachers etc are some have their inherited business or self-business. Madrassa graduates have not been provided any government stipends and Madrassa have not been provided the funds that afford the expenses of graduates. Participants also agreed upon that job market are not attracted towards Madrassa graduate due to a hype created that Madrassa is related to militancy and the pass out graduates are extremists. From the findings, it was also known that Madrassa administration has not taken the steps regarding the reform in curriculum pertains to job market demands. Farooqui, N., Bansal, A.,Agarwal,A.K.(2018) supported this study and acknowledged that lot of the challenges are in front of Madrassa graduates in searching jobs and improve their quality of life like other university graduates and he further stressed upon the modernization of Madrassa.

Finding of the interviews as under
These were 4 experts who have full knowledge of Madrasa, four from modern public schools. As these are closely related to Madersa education system, these are the most senior teachers of Madera and modern public schools. They were also closely attached Madrasa system the first questions were as under. 4. What kind of strategies of mother side mean adopted to facilitate this student future life 5. What is the People's behavior against the pass out graduate in our society?

What do you think about the Madrasa pass out's future?
Madersa teacher's expert: According to them that, these Madrasa graduates are the very great asset of our society and they are feeling comfortable life in society as well as in our country. They have a very bright future in our society. Almost our society connected with the Madrasa pass out. These students are fully supported by the society and time to time people supported them. They have provided all the sources from the society, though these belong to the financial physically from the physical point of view. Modern teacher's expert: According to our knowledge that the Pass out students have not provided a full guideline for their future. These students have not a clear guideline for their future. They are only thinking that after this education, they will have to join any kind of masjid or Madera, after this education practically they will join any Madrasa. Majority of these students have not any source of income for their practical life. Modern teacher's expert: Almost most of the student have Nothing knowledge, what will be their future. During their education so many time I have asked question from these students they have not clear for their future. So these students have not a clear roadmap of their life.
What are the problems face Madrasa pass out graduate in their practical life? Madersa teacher's expert: Madersa pass out graduate full enjoy in their life, they have provided job in their education filed, and they are also providing full respect from the society, the peoples are liking them and bear all the expenses of their life on their own shoulder, they also inviting them in their programs. They are fully cooperating with them, they have no any problems in their life almost our Madrasa pass out appointed as a Pesh Imam or teacher of any Madrasa or Mozin of Masjid that's why we are joining their field. they have a lot of knowledge regarding to their field, the same time we have still now listen to a lot of complaints of different modern education associations but no one Madrasa pass out to complain against their teacher or institutions with this, from the society pay full attention towards these people.
Actually, in every Colony, Mohalla, village, town, there is Masjids compulsory for these places, so for all the Masjid and Madersa are religious need of the society. Same the graduate also teaching Islamic teaching in the houses of Muslim to their children. According to Ameer Din Mahar, in every year more than 15000 new Masjid are constructing in our society as well as more than 4000 new Madersa are increasing in our society so that's why they have need of teachers, after passing out the madrasa students are appointed in masjid , Madrasa or any government job also. Nowadays Madersa started modern education in their Madaris, we are also emphasizing modern education and made it metric and entre compulsory for their pass out students that's why mostly pass out students who had metric or inter, they are joining government job or applying, they also continued their study in modern institutions after the Madrasa graduation.
Modern teacher's expert: we believe that these Madrasa pass out after passing their Madersa, they have not provided any facilitates any Masjid, and they are completely confused when they came in the practical life. It is a reality in our society that, there are not so many masjids for these pass graduate. The pass out only has one chance to attend Masjid or Madrasa. There is no other The field that's why they are joining different political, religious parties and also keep extremisms way for their practical life.

What are the sources of income for Madrasa pass out student's daily life?
Madersa teacher's expert: Madrasa graduate has a lot of sources for their daily life if we are going in the deepness that almost Madrasa pass out students focus on their aim of the study, that is to spread the Islamic education among the society and all the society bear expenses of Madrasa students and helped them. They are spending a very easy life in society, different peoples help them, What kind of strategies of mother side mean adopted to facilitate this student future life Madersa teacher's expert: First and important thing the main purpose of our madrasa are spreading the teaching of Allah Tala and, we believe that Allah Tala will help, the students and we are also observing these points, there our students have basic pay but they are spending very comfortable life due to the spreading message of Allah we have only one strategy to prepare our students for the message of Allah Ambala and spread this message among the society and Allah will help you in every step of your life that's why it's our strategy to make a student's train our students for the spreading message of Allah. These Madersa did not strategies to handle the student's future life program that's why they are only emphasis Islamic education. Their education is purely on the bases of Islam and Islamic education. They have not related them regarding the society's needs is they are not making the strategies, how they will run in our streamline for the sake of the nation.
What is the People's behaviour against the pass out of graduate in our society? Madersa teacher's expert: Our society respect these pass out and they are helping our pass out in their daily life, our pass out their daily problems and spread among them and spend very comfortable life, all the expenses of Madrasa, Masjid imam dargah is on the society .teacher of madersa respected by the society and society are respecting the graduates. These pass out also solve their problems as well as also help the local people not only their religious life but also in social and political life also.
Modern teacher's expert: Madrasa students have not any employment that's why they are not respecting in our society. Our society thinking, these are the helpless people, they have not any kind of source for their daily life that's why most of the pass out students very lifecritical life due to the lake of sources for their daily life.

CONCLUSION
Almost students are taking admission in Madrassa due to poverty. Madrassa graduates found jobs easily only in masjid, Madaris. Usually, they have provided salary in approximately 5000,-7000 thousand rupees. Almost local people help them for their utility bills, it is reality that, those graduate spend somewhat different and prosperous life who are the head/or running any Islamic Madarisa.

Recommendations
Findings reveal a lot of challenges the Madrassa graduates during searching for jobs in job markets due to lack of such degrees and experiences related to desired jobs. Such alarming situation needs to take on a prior basis. Proper degree recognition and non-religious courses may be included in the curriculum of Madrassa. Findings suggest that vocational training can be the better option for Madrassa graduates to fit them in job markets. The government should take interest in the Madrassa related to funding and stipends as many countries including Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, India, and Indonesia etc. fixed the scholarships for Madrassa graduates while they study in Madrassa. Proper reforms are needed that match the Madrassa curriculum with job market demands. If such recommendations may be implemented; Madrassa graduates will get jobs easily in job markets and the youth can be utilized for the betterment and advancement of the country.