A new species of the cicada genus Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857 (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from Pakistan with a key to the known species of Pakistani Cicadatra

Abstract A new species of cicada, Cicadatra ziaratica sp. n., is described from Pakistan. Male genitalia, timbal and opercula are described and illustrated as important diagnostic characters. Biological notes are also provided. A key to the known Cicadatra of Pakistan is provided.


Introduction
Species of the genus Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857 exhibit variability in several morphological characters. As a result, there is still much to learn about the distribution and composition of Cicadatra species across the range of the genus. Studies of Cicadatra species in the Middle East and Asia continue to illustrate the lack of knowledge about the species of this widespread genus. However, there have been some more recent studies which provide detailed analyses of the morphological characters of generally new species from this region (Dlabola 1960, 1970, 1979, 1981, Dlabola and Heller 1962, Linnavouri 1962, Boulard 1977, Melichar 1896, Mirzayans 1995 including the first checklists of the genus for Iran  and Pakistan .
The first checklist of the Pakistani cicada fauna was recently produced by . They determined that 29 known species inhabited Pakistan at the time with the first records of seven species and the descriptions of four new species included in the total . They listed seven species of Cicadatra for Pakistan, four of which represented new records for the country. Later that same year,  described a new species of Cicadatra from Pakistan along with sound analysis and DNA sequencing of the species. The current work represents another new species that was collected during recent fieldwork. A more complete knowledge of the Pakistani cicada fauna will only be obtained with continued field research and studies of existing collections.
The present species is described from Pakistan as new to science, and is known only from the Ziarat District, Balochistan Province. Notes on the biology of this new species are also provided along with a key to differentiate the species from the known Pakistani Cicadatra.

Materials and methods
Specimens were captured during June 2010 and June 2011 in Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Terminology follows Moulds (2005). Measurements were made with Vernier calipers or a Wild Heerbrugg 12034 binocular microscope. Specimens are deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum, University of Karachi, Pakistan (NHMK) and Zubair Ahmed Collection, Pakistan (ZACP). Diagnosis.

Cicadatra ziaratica
The new species appears to be most allied morphologically to C. lorestanica Mozaffarian and Sanborn 2010 from Iran and C. karachiensis  from Pakistan. The new species can be distinguished by the upper lobe of the pygofer being ill-defined in C. ziaratica whereas it is a finger-like extension in C. lorestanica. The aedeagus of C. lorestanica has a curved, bifold, sclerized, hook-like process and two lateral spiny appendages while the aedeagus of C. ziaratica has a long, subapical spine, a dorsal spine along sclerized teeth-like process, a lateral spine and a ventral semicircular toothed process. In C. karachiensis the upper lobe of the pygofer is rounded, the aedeagus has a long upturned flap with 11 aedeagal spines and the hind wing has five apical cells instead of the six found in C. ziaratica. The species are similar in possessing a mesonotum with two lines but the degree of curvature is slightly variable. Fore wings with radial and radiomedial crossveins at bases of the 2 nd and 3 rd apical cells infuscated in C. ziaratica but lacking infuscation in C. lorestanica and C. karachiensis. The timbal cover of C. karachiensis is reduced and ventral to the majority of the timbal while the timbal cover in C. ziaratica and C. lorestanica covers more than half the timbal and is centrally located over the timbal. Finally, the timbal has 9 ribs in C. ziaratica and C. karachiensis but 11 ribs in C. lorestanica. The remaining species known to inhabit Pakistan can be distinguished using the key. There are insufficient data to perform a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Pakistani Cicadatra species as genes from a limited number of species have been sequenced .
Description. Male. General color of body black with olive to ochraceous markings and white pile.
Head black with white pile particularly on posterior edge, head including eyes as broad as mesonotum; eyes brown, varying from light to dark in different specimens; ocelli orangish, piceous in some specimens; postclypeus black with a central sulcus and obvious transverse grooves, dense pile lateral of grooves, gena and lorum black with dense white pile; rostrum light ochraceous at base, darker towards apex, strongly passing intermediate coxae; labrum with sparse white pile laterally and on apex; antennae dark brown, apical segment faint yellow, vertex black, supra-antennal plate reaching eyes, black, light band at medially in two paratypes.
Pronotum black, brown in some paratypes, with median black biconcave mark containing a light olive green median fascia, an olive green patch crossing ambient fissure posterolateral to each side of median fascia, black mark continues around disc in ambient fissure and across lateral pronotal collar to the lateral angle; paramedian and lateral fissures variably marked with dark brown to black, pronotal collar black anteriorly and olive green across posterior half of lateral angles and posterior margin, ochraceous in some paratypes, white dense pile present on ambient, paramedian and lateral fissure and scattered pile on disc, pile reduced in some paratypes; mesonotum black or dark brown, with ochraceous J-shaped mark along parapsidal suture, mark triangularly shaped at base in some paratypes; cruciform elevation olive green (brown in some paratypes) medially, darkening to black in anterior arms; metanotum olive green (brown in some paratypes); thoracic sternites black with dense white pile, ochraceous in different specimens; some specimens with dark marking on basisternum 2, epimeron 2, katepisternum 2, and episternum 3.
Fore coxae light olive to ochraceous with black linear marking, middle coxae light ochraceous with broad dark anterolateral surface, hind coxae light ochraceous with darker laterally; fore and middle trochanter olive to ochraceous with a dark brown area at middle with white pile; fore femorae dark brown with white pile and light areas on ventral apex with strongly angled primary spine, erect secondary spine and a small angled apical spine; middle femora dark brown with a yellow area at ventral and apex with dense white pile, hind femora dark brown with yellow area on base and apex; fore tibiae dark brown lighter at apex, middle tibiae dark brown with white pile and yellow at lateral, hind tibiae yellow, half dark brown with five brown tibial spurs and sparse white pile; tibial spurs and combs brown, darker towards their apices; tarsi black; pretarsal claws dark brown.
Fore wings hyaline with faint yellow and brown venation, radial (r) and radiomedial (r-m) crossveins at bases of apical cells 2 and 3 darkly infuscated, infuscation on r-m absent or reduced in some paratypes, basal call twice as long as wide; fore wings with 8 apical cells, basal membrane light reddish; hind wings with faint yellow venation, light grey infuscation around anal veins 2 and 3 (2A and 3A), hind wings with 6 apical cells.
Male opercula light brown with black spot on lateral base and rather dense white pile, rounded, and slightly overlapped, not meeting medially in paratypes, meracanthus triangular, light ochraceous with black spot at base.
Abdominal tergites black with white pile more or less located near the anterior edge of each tergum, tergites 2-7 with a light area on posterior except median part, timbal cavity exposed; timbal cover incomplete covering about half the timbal, black or dark brown with white pile, timbal with 9 ribs; abdominal sternites brown with dense white pile, epipleurites dark brown with dense white pile.
Male pygofer dark brown with scattered pile, dorsal beak pointed, upper lobe of pygofer rounded, basal lobe of pygofer appears as a bud like projection beneath the upper lobe; uncus very short; claspers tapering to a point, curved slightly laterad, close to each other at base; aedeagus with theca curved, a lateral scleritized, serrate appendages, a long, subapical spine, a ventral scleritized, rounded serrate process, a lateral and a median long spine.
Female. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named for the district of Balochistan from which the type series was collected.
Biological notes. All specimens were collected during 2010 and 2011 in the vicinity of Ziarat between 3 June-7 June. The cicadas emerged among wild grasses based on the location of the emergence holes. Adult males called from these same grasses as well as from shrubs including Peganum harmala L.