New Australian stiletto flies: revision of Manestella Metz and description of Medomega gen. n. (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae)

Abstract The previously monotypic genus Manestella Metz, 2003 is revised with a single species, Manestella tristriata (Mann, 1933), redescribed and an additional 14 new species described: Manestella caesia sp. n., Manestella campestris sp. n., Manestella canities sp. n., Manestella cooloola sp. n., Manestella fumosa sp. n., Manestella incompleta sp. n., Manestella nubis sp. n., Manestella obscura sp. n., Manestella ocellaris sp. n., Manestella persona sp. n., Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., Manestella umbrapennis sp. n., Manestella vasta sp. n. and Manestella vespera sp. n. The putative sister genus to Manestella, Medomega gen. n., is described containing six new species: Medomega averyi sp. n., Medomega bailmeup sp. n., Medomega chlamydos sp. n., Medomega danielsi sp. n., Medomega gigasathe sp. n., and Medomega nebrias sp. n. Complete taxonomic descriptions were generated from a character matrix developed in Lucid Builder from which natural language descriptions (NLD) were parsed. Images of all species of Manestella and Medomega gen. n. are included, along with dichotomous keys to species.

introduction Australasia is the most species-rich biogeographical region for stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae), comprising 375 described species in 26 genera exclusively placed in two subfamilies, Agapophytinae (209 spp. in 23 gen.) and Therevinae (166 spp. in 3 gen.) (Winterton 2009(Winterton , 2011. All genera but one (i.e. Irwiniella Lyneborg, 1976) are endemic to the region. There are also a significant number of new species and several genera in collections remaining to be described, with the fauna expected to total at least twice this number when fully documented.
In their revision of the genus Psilocephala Zetterstedt, 1838, Metz et al. (2003) erected Manestella Metz, 2003 as a monotypic genus to accommodate Psilocephala tristriata Mann (1933). Since then, more undescribed species have been identified in collections, particularly from Western Australia where the genus is relatively species rich. Fourteen new species of Manestella are described herein: Manestella caesia sp. n., M. campestris sp. n., M. canities sp. n., M. cooloola sp. n., M. fumosa sp. n., M. incompleta sp. n., M. nubis sp. n., M. obscura sp. n., M. ocellaris sp. n., M. persona sp. n., M. poecilothorax sp. n., M. umbrapennis sp. n., M. vasta sp. n. and M. vespera sp. n. All species are endemic to Australia and are commonly found in coastal heath habitats. Manestella includes some of the smallest sized stiletto flies, with body length rarely exceeding 5.0 mm.
A new endemic Australian genus is described and is the putative sister genus to Manestella. This close relationship is based on characters in the male genitalia such as the apodemes of the parameral sheath joining midway along distiphallus rather than proximal to the basiphallus (Figs 6E, J, 72E, J); numerous strong setae commonly on the head, thorax, and apices of the gonostylus and inner gonocoxal process, as well as a characteristic glaucous pubescence overlying much of the body. Medomega gen. n. contains six new species: Medomega averyi sp. n., M. bailmeup sp. n., M. chlamydos sp. n., M. danielsi sp. n., M. gigasathe sp. n. and M. nebrias sp. n.
Manestella was previously placed in the poorly defined Taenogera genus-group (Winterton et al. 1999b;Metz et al. 2003), but along with Medomega gen. n., is now contained within a more inclusive Agapophytinae (Winterton 2006(Winterton , 2011 based on the following characteristics: femoral pile uniformly short and erect and lacking secondary appressed pile; presence of three spermathecae connected to the spermathecal sac duct (Winterton et al. 1999c), female acanthophorite spines A1 and A2 well developed; male ventral apodeme of parameral sheath forked and gonocoxites often with a ventral velutum patch (Winterton et al. 2001). While Medomega and Manestella are putative sister genera, the relationship of these genera to other Agapophytinae genera is unclear. The presence of velutum on the gonocoxites of some species in both genera, but complete lack of femoral velutum patches in all species, suggests a possible sister relationship with the clade comprising Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989, Acatopygia Kröber, 1912, Agapophytus Guérin, 1831, Acupalpa, Kröber, 1914. all genera originally placed by Winterton et al. (2001) in Agapophytinae sensu stricto). Manestella can be differentiated from all other agapophytine genera based on the following characteristics: wing cell m 3 open, subapical av seta on hind femur absent, femora without elongate velutum patches, male usually with multiple rows of postocular setae, and abundant bristle-like setae and glaucous pubescence on the entire body in both sexes (more pronounced in males). Medomega gen. n. is differentiated from all other agapophytine genera by the following characteristics: head much higher than long, ocellar tubercle raised; wing vein R 2+3 reflexed anteriorly with a kink, cell m 3 open; femoral velutum patches absent and hind femur with one or more subapical av setae. Herein we revise Manestella and describe Medomega gen. n. as new. Manestella tristriata (Mann) is redescribed with descriptions of 14 new species of Manestella and six new species of Medomega gen. n. Keys to species are provided for both genera.

Materials and methods
Adult morphological terminology follows McAlpine (1981) with genitalic morphology as modified by Winterton et al. (1999a,b) and Winterton (2006). Genitalia were macerated in 10% KOH to remove soft tissue, then rinsed in distilled water and dilute glacial acetic acid, and dissected in 80% ethanol. Female reproductive organs were stained with a saturated solution of Chlorazol Black in 40% ethanol. Genitalia preparations were placed in glycerine in a genitalia vial mounted on the pin beneath the specimen.
Types are deposited in the following institutions and collections: Australian Museum (Sydney) (AMS), Australian National Insect Collection (Canberra) (ANIC), Queensland Museum (Brisbane) (QM), Western Australian Museum (Perth) (WAM), Greg Daniels private collection [to be ultimately housed in the Australian Museum] (GDCB/AMS), California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco) (CAS), California State Collection of Arthropods (Sacramento) (CSCA). Numbers quoted with individual specimens as MEI000000 are unique identifiers in the therevid database MANDALA and are attached to each specimen as a yellow or white label (Kampmeier and Irwin 2009). Material examined lists were exported from MANDALA. Descriptions were constructed using Lucid Builder 3.5, using a matrix database of character states, which were then exported using the natural language function into XML and a text document. Specimen images were taken at different focal points using a digital camera and subsequently combined into a serial montage image using Helicon Focus software. All new nomenclatural acts and literature were registered in Zoobank (Pyle and Michel 2008).
with numerous, dark setae; head length approximately equal to or slightly longer than height; male frons narrow with eyes often contiguous; parafacial pile absent, pubescence with silver velutum band laterally between antennal base and eye; face concave, grey pubescent; male with one or more rows of postocular setae; antennae shorter than or equal to head length; scutal pubescence glaucous, marked with dark brown, markings frequently as two medial stripes anteriorly, fused posteriorly, laterally stripes broken or irregularly tessellated; prosternal depression without setae; metanepisternum with postspiracular setae absent; setae absent on posterior surface of mid coxa; femoral velutum patches absent; hind femur without subapical av setae; fore femur without macrosetae; hind coxal knob present; wing markings typically brown infuscate and white translucent, mottled or banded, sometimes uniform infuscate, often with additional spur veins and/ or extra crossveins; vein M 3 sometimes incomplete; cell m 3 open; abdominal tergite 2 usually with patch of short setae medially; gonocoxites with diffuse velutum patch ventrally (sometimes absent); inner gonocoxal process present; dorsal and ventral apodemes of parameral sheath joining along distiphallus, both forked; female with three spermathecae; small rounded spermathecal sac present; spermathecal ducts joining to common spermathecal sac duct; acanthophorite spines A1 and A2 present, well developed.
Comments. Manestella contains some of the smallest stiletto flies, with a typical body length range of 3.5-5.0 mm. Females of the largest species attain a mere 5.5 mm total body length. External and male genitalic morphology are relatively conserved in this genus, and body colouration is generally grey and brown pubescent with mottled scutum and wings. The male abdomen often has a silver velutum covering. Atypical for therevids, there is considerable variation in wing venation in species in this genus, with individuals sometimes showing different arrangements of veins in each wing (e.g. spur veins or incomplete M 3 ). Manestella is closely related to Medomega gen. n. based on characters such as the apodemes of the parameral sheath joining midway along the distiphallus rather than proximal to the basiphallus; numerous strong setae commonly on the head, thorax, and apices of the gonostylus and inner gonocoxal process, as well as a characteristic glaucous pubescence overlying much of the body. Manestella can be identified using the dichotomous key to Australasian genera in Winterton (2011).

Key to Manestella species
Most key couplets rely heavily on male characteristics as females are difficult to distinguish for many species. External characters are used where possible throughout the key, but male genitalic dissections should be examined to confirm identity. Unassociated females cannot be confidently separated for most species of Manestella except for M. poecilothorax sp. n.; females are unknown for M. persona sp. n., M. nubis sp. n., M. umbrapennis sp. n. and M. vasta sp. n.
Diagnosis. Frontal setae smaller than setae on scape (in both sexes); male postocular setae in single row with irregular setae dorsomedially; male wing mostly white translucent, with brown infuscate markings apically on cells bm, br and d, female wing darker with markings along most wing veins; femora brown, yellow apically; male abdomen with velutum; triangular ventromedial process on gonocoxites absent.
Comments. Manestella caesia sp. n. has a relatively broad distribution throughout the southern mainland states. This species is differentiated form all other Manestella by the relatively flat frons with only a few short dark setae, single row of postocular setae and velutinous pubescence on the abdomen in the male.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin caesius, bluish-grey; referring to the overall glaucous pubescent body colour. Diagnosis. Frontal setae absent or minute, much smaller than scape setae; frons not protruding; male postocular setae in two rows; male dark yellow to cream laterally on abdominal segments 1-2; wing uniform smoky infuscate; femora brown, male hind femur yellow basally; male abdomen without velutum; gonocoxites without triangular ventromedial processes.
Comments. Manestella campestris sp. n. is a western species with uniformly smoky infuscate wings, flat frons without macrosetae and gonocoxites without extensive velutum. Abdominal segments 1-2 are slightly lighter in color (more obvious in male) than the rest of the abdomen and this characteristic is unique to this species.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin campester, field or plain; referring to the topography of the region that this species was collected. Diagnosis. Wing mottled; male frontal and scape setae similar length; male frons protruding slightly; two rows of postocular setae in male; femora black; tibiae dark yellow to brown; male abdomen with silver velutum; ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites.
Comments. Manestella canities sp. n. is known from southwestern Western Australia and is easily diagnosed by the mottled wing, male with protruding frons with dark setae and two rows of postocular macrosetae, and the gonocoxite with extensive velutum but triangular ventromedial process absent.

Manestella cooloola
Diagnosis. Wing mottled; male frontal setae slightly shorter than scape setae; male frons protruding; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen with silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection present on gonocoxites; female frons with concentric brown spot and crescent above antennae.
Comments. Manestella cooloola sp. n. is an eastern species found in coastal heath habitats. This species is distinguished by the mottled wing, male gonocoxites with extensive velutum and triangular medial process, and distinctive female frontal pubescence pattern.
Etymology. The specific epithet is named after the Cooloola section of Great Sandy National Park (Queensland), where this species was collected. Diagnosis. Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae minute; male frons flat in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; acute triangular ventromedial projection present on gonocoxites; gonocoxites without velutum patch; female frontal markings as irregular brown quadrangle dorsally and brown band above antennae.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin fumus, smoke; referring to the dark infuscate wings. Diagnosis. Wing dark mottled; frontal setae similar length to scape setae; male frons protruding in profile; multiple rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; abdomen grey-silver pubescent laterally, brown dorsally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; female frontal markings as narrow medial stripe, irregular brown quadrangle dorsally and brown band above antennae.
Comments. Manestella incompleta sp. n. is a western species distinguished by the mottled wings, male with protruding frons with dark macrosetae, two rows of postocular macrosetae in male, gonocoxites without ventromedial process and velutum patch present, and wing vein M 3 terminating before wing margin.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the incomplete M 3 vein frequently exhibited by individuals of this species. Diagnosis. Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae minute; male frons flat in profile; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites, velutum patch absent; distiphallus extending ventrally well beyond gonocoxites.
Comments. Manestella nubis sp. n. is only known from a single male specimen from Queensland. This species is distinguished by the flat male frons, uniformly infuscate wings, and distiphallus projecting ventrally beyond gonocoxites.
Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin nubes, smoke; referring to the infuscate wings. Diagnosis. Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae absent; male frons flat in profile; multiple rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen with grey pubescence laterally; gonocoxites without ventro-medial projection; female frontal markings as diffuse brown quadrangle medially and brown spot above antennae.
Comments. Manestella obscura sp. n. is an eastern species distinguished by the uniformly infuscate wing, male with frons flat and without setae, two rows of postocular macrosetae in both sexes, gonocoxite without a triangular ventromedial process or velutum patch.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin obscurus, dark, indistinct; referring to the dark infuscate wings. Diagnosis. Wing mottled infuscate, fenestrations faint in male; male frontal setae similar length to scape setae; frons protruding in profile; single row of postocular macrosetae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown with yellow suffusion; male abdomen without silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, posterolateral area glossy, glabrous; female frontal markings as narrow medial stripe and two diffuse brown spots laterally along eye margin.
Comments. Manestella ocellaris sp. n. is an eastern species close to M. cooloola sp. n. and M. tristriata based on the mottled wing and protruding male frons with large macrosetae. This species can be distinguished by the lack of velutum on the male abdomen and by the glossy, glabrous patch posteriorly on the gonocoxite.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ocellatus, eyelike spots; referring to the brown markings on the frons. Diagnosis. Wing dark banded infuscate; male frontal setae similar length to scape setae; frons protruding in profile; two rows of postocular macrosetae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; head and thoracic setae relatively elongate; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; femora dark brown; male abdomen with dense silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, velutum patch present.
Comments. The female of M. persona sp. n. is unknown. This western species is closely related to M. incompleta sp. n. based on the wing mottling, male frons and gonocoxite shape and incomplete M 3 vein. Manestella persona sp. n. can be easily distinguished by the two pairs of scutellar macrosetae and longer scutal macrosetae.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin persona, mask; referring to the brown markings on the frons. Diagnosis. Wing mostly white translucent with slight infuscation (darker in female); male frontal setae few in number, minute; male frons flat in profile; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; hind femur yellow with brown patch; male abdomen with grey pubescence; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; female frontal markings as brown medial stripe, with brown band and spot above antennae.
Comments. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n. is a western species with distinctive femoral, scutal and wing colouration. The pale terminalia, incomplete vein M 3 and flat male frons with minute setae also differentiates this species.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek poekilos, spotted; referring to the brown spotted or pied markings on the thorax. ( Diagnosis. Wing mottled infuscate; male frontal setae shorter than scape setae; frons protruding in profile; multiple irregular rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with dense silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, velutum patch distinct.
Comments. Manestella tristriata is the type for the genus, and was originally described by Mann (1933) as a species of the broadly defined 'dump'-genus Psilocephala Zetterstedt. Metz et al. (2003) erected Manestella based on this species. This species is differentiated from all other Manestella species based on the mottled wing, protruding frons, frontal setae smaller than scape setae, and the distinctive tufted velutum patch on the ventral surface of the gonocoxite. Diagnosis. Wing largely uniform infuscate; male frontal setae similar size to scape setae, patch divided medially; male frons protruding in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with brown pubescence, grey laterally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection or velutum patch.
Comments. The female is unknown for Manestella umbrapennis sp. n. This western species is closely related to M. vespera sp. n. based on the largely uniformly infuscate wing and protruding male frons with large macrosetae, and absence of ventromedial triangular process or velutum patch on the gonocoxite. This species can be distinguished by the male frontal macrosetae patch being divided medially, and by the shape of the aedeagus.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin umbra, shadow and penna, wing; referring to the brown infuscate wings. Diagnosis. Wing uniform pale infuscate; male frontal setae smaller than scape setae; male frons flat in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites; inner gonocoxal process with dense tuft of strong macrosetae.
Comments. The female is unknown for this species. Manestella vasta sp. n. can be distinguished by the uniformly infuscate wing, flat male frons with macrosetae present and the inner gonocoxal process having a patch of string macrosetae apically.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, vastus, vast, empty; referring to the desolate habitat of this species. Diagnosis. Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae similar size to scape setae, patch not divided medially; male frons protruding in profile, rounded; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with brown pubescence, grey laterally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; velutum patch reduced; female frontal markings as broad brown quadrangle, silver along eye margin and brown spot above antennae; ejaculatory apodeme enlarged, distiphallus with ventral bulb.
Comments. Manestella vespera sp. n. is a western species closely related to M. umbrapennis sp. n. This species can be distinguished by the shape of the aedeagus and by the male frontal patch of macrosetae not being divided medially.
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin vesper, evening, west; referring to both the brown infuscate wings and western distribution of this species.
Diagnosis. Body length 6.0-9.0 mm. Body usually covered with dense glaucous grey pubescence; head higher to much higher than long, pronounced ventral projection of head; male frons width variable, ranging from narrower than anterior ocellus to slightly wider than ocellar tubercle, eyes not contiguous; ocellar tubercle raised, black with short, dark setae in both sexes; antennae length variable; scape cylindrical, sometimes bulbous with strong setae, length variable but usually not longer than flagellum; flagellum turbinate with apical style; parafacial pile present but never extensive, rarely absent; face not concave, flat, grey pubescent; palpus 2-segmented, apical segment relatively short; prosternal depression without setae; metanepisternum with post-spiracular setae absent; posterior surface of mid coxa usually bare, sometimes pilose; wing vein R 2+3 reflexed anteriorly with kink approximately midway; cell m 3 open (Fig. 71); femoral velutum patches absent; fore femur sometimes with pd setae; hind femur with one or more subapical av setae; abdominal tergite 2 often with patch of short setae medially; wing infuscate brown and translucent white, mottled to fenestrate; hind coxal knob present; gonocoxite extended posterolaterally; inner gonocoxal process present; dorsal and ventral apodemes of parameral sheath joining along distiphallus, both forked; pubescence sparsely present on gonocoxites; three spermathecae joined to spermathecal sac duct; spermathecal sac present; acanthophorite spines A1 and A2 present, well developed.
Comments. Medomega gen. n. is a distinctive genus differentiated from other agapophytine therevids based on the absence of velutum on the femora, cell m 3 open, head typically higher than long, and mottled wings with vein R 2+3 reflexed (Fig. 71). In the key to genera by Winterton (2011)  Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Greek, medos, counsel, plan and mega, very great; referring to the aristocratic shape of the head. Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, female, same data as holotype (WAM83214, 83215, CAS); 8 females, same data as holotype (83223)(83224)(WAM).
Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, Geraldton Dist.
Diagnosis. Wing white translucent with irregular brown marginal mottling; most head and body setae white; scutum with narrow medial stripe and spots laterally; scape yellow, brown laterally, longer than flagellum; posterior surface of mid coxa with setae; extensive silver setae on abdomen.
Comments. Medomega averyi sp. n. can be distinguished by the extensive silverwhite pile on the head and body, elongate scape, male with white macrosetae on head and thorax, wings mostly white translucent and setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa. See additional comments under M. chlamydos sp. n.
Etymology. It is an honour to name this species after the grandfather of the senior author, Avery "Joe" Winterton. Diagnosis. Wing dark brown with white fenestration; head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae white; frons with dark spots along eye margins; scutum with narrow medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; scape yellow, red-brown dorsally, mostly dark setae with several pale setae basally; posterior surface of mid coxa with long pale setae; abdomen with sparse, silver pubescence admixed with sparse, erect pale setae especially laterally (darker posteriorly).
Description. Body length= 5.0-5.5 mm (male), 5.0-6.0 mm (female). Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey, suffused with tan dorsally, large dark brown spot along eye margin; frontal profile flat; numerous, slender dark setae on lower frons below and incorporating spots, setae short in female, elongate in male; male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than ocellar tubercle, wider in female; ocellar tubercle black pubescent with dense patch of anteriorly directed setae; single row of black postocular setae, female with additional single setae posterior to row; occipital pubescence silver-grey with slight tan suffusion; parafacial and genal setae slender, admixed brown and white, elongate in male; antennal scape longer than to flagellum, bulbous, yellow with red-brown suffusion dorsally, setae black, few setae white ventrally near base; flagellum orange-yellow. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings, narrow medial stripe, irregular tessellate pattern laterally, scattered short, black setae, longer and paler posteriorly, especially in male; scutal macrosetae black; pleuron brown, overlain with grey pubescence; katatergite with admixed white and black setae; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with grey pubescence, setae white; mid coxa with slender setae on posterior surface; femora dark brown with grey pubescence, yellow apically, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, especially posteriorly, admixed with black setae on fore femur; tibiae yellow, dark brown bands apically and basally; tarsi dark brown, first and second segments yellow basally; wing dark brown fenestrate, fenestrations white, irregular dappled with more than one per cell; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, without dense silver velutum on tergites, elongate pale setae, female abdomen dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, female intersegmental membrane distinctly pale on segments 2-3, setae uniformly short and dark; terminalia orange to dark yellow (brown suffusion in male). Male genitalia. Gonocoxite with sparse pubescence; gonostylus not forked; outer gonocoxal process relatively short and rounded apically; dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath 'T'-shaped; ventral apodeme subequal length to dorsal apodeme; hypandrium as a band joining to separate halves of separate gonocoxites.
Comments. Medomega bailmeup sp. n. is known from a single collecting event in the Northern Territory and is morphologically similar to M. nebrias sp. n. based on the fenestrate wing markings, scutal markings and antennal shape. It can easily be differentiated from the latter by the dark spots laterally on the frons and setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa.

Medomega chlamydos
Diagnosis. Wing white translucent with irregular apical brown mottling; all head and body setae white; scutum with narrow medial stripe; scape dark with silver-grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; extensive appressed setae on abdomen.
Comments. Medomega chlamydos sp. n. can be distinguished by the extensive silver-white pile on the head and body, white macrosetae, wings mostly white translucent and lack of setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa. The latter character is present in the closely related M. averyi sp. n. Both M. chlamydos sp. n. and M. averyi sp. n. share distinctive characteristics which suggest adaptation to a hot arid climate, including extensive white or silvery pile and white translucent wings, features found in other desert inhabiting species, which reflect rather than absorb solar radiation and presumably help regulate body temperature. The female is unknown for this species.
Etymology. The species epithet is from the Greek, chlamydos, mantle, cloak; referring to the extensive white pile on the body. Diagnosis. Wing brown infuscate with white fenestration; head and body macrosetae mostly black, coxal macrosetae white; scutum with broad medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; parafacial setae absent; male frons wider than anterior ocellus at narrowest point; scape yellow with sparse grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with silver velutum but without appressed setae.
Comments. This species is known southeastern Queensland, just west of the Great Dividing Range. The wing and scutal markings are distinctive, along with the elongate male genitalia with a forked gonostylus. The gonocoxites are fused medially, which appears to be a rare character in this genus.
Etymology. This species is named in honour of Greg Daniels, the collector of this species.

Diagnosis.
Wing white with irregular brown fenestrate mottling; most head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae admixed black and white; scutum dark yellowtan with dark setal bases; scape yellow; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with silver velutum and numerous white, erect setae; male genitalia greatly enlarged.
Comments. Medomega gigasathe sp. n. is known from a single male specimen from Western Australia. The male genitalia are greatly enlarged, which along with the elongate mouthparts, wing markings and male abdominal velutum, are distinctive for this species.
Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek, gigas giant + sathe penis; referring to the relatively large genitalic capsule of this species. Diagnosis. Wing dark brown with white fenestration; most head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae white; scutum with broad medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; scape yellow with sparse grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with sparse, silver pubescence admixed with sparse, erect pale setae (darker posteriorly).
Comments. Medomega nebrias sp. n. is a relatively robust species known from Warrumbungle National Park in New South Wales. The wing and scutal markings suggest a close relationship with M. bailmeup sp. n.
Etymology. The species epithet is from the Greek, nebros, dappled, spotted like a fawn; referring to the wing markings.