Bernard Babior

Bernard Macy Babior (November 10, 1935 – June 29, 2004) was an American physician and research biochemist.
Born in Los Angeles, he received his M.D. degree at the University of California, San Francisco . After interning at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, he joined the laboratory of Konrad Bloch at Harvard University and was awarded a Ph.D. degree in 1965. He received further training at The National Institutes of Health, Harvard University and Tufts University. In 1986 he moved to California as staff physician at Scripps Clinic, and Head of the Division of Biochemistry at The Scripps Research Institute.
Early in his career, while studying a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme, Babior recognized that free radicals might play an important role in biologic processes. He showed that the highly reactive oxygen derivative, superoxide was produced by white blood cell NADPH oxidase as a mechanism to kill invading bacteria. As such, Babior was able to explain the etiology of a rare genetic highly fatal immunodeficiency disease, Chronic granulomatous disease, whereby patients are unable to fight off normally non-pathogenic bacteria. Babior and others showed that the very weapons that the body makes to protect itself against microbial invasion can also play an important role in a variety of common diseases, including arthritis, arteriosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Babior received numerous honors, including membership of the American Society for Clinical Investigation. He was also a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1999 he was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, one of the very few physicians practicing medicine to achieve this honor. The same year, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He served on the editorial boards of a number of academic journals, including the "Journal of Clinical Investigation", "Blood" and the "Journal of Biological Chemistry". He published more than 250 scientific papers and wrote or edited four books.
Babior died in San Diego after a battle with prostate cancer at the age of sixty-eight. He is survived by his wife, Shirley, and two children, Gregory and Jill.


Keith Hay

Keith Wilson Hay (13 December 1917 – 2 January 1997) was a New Zealand homebuilder, entrepreneur, local body politician and conservative Christian political activist.
Early life and family.
Born in Hastings, Hay was the only son of Scottish immigrant William Hay and Elsie Major, who had married three years previously. In 1930, Hay left school at standard six to split fenceposts for a retired headmaster at Kohukohu, who taught the young man accountancy during the evenings. In 1933, Hay relocated to Auckland and obtained a job at the KDV Morningside box factory. In 1938, he tried to start his own caravan business, but later found that he was more talented at home building.
In 1942, Hay married Enid Paris in Mount Eden, having joined the New Zealand Army Service Corps in 1941. Although he was initially involved in the Mount Eden branch of the New Zealand Labour Party, he unsuccessfully stood as candidate for breakaway Labour MP John A. Lee and his Democratic Labour Party at the 1943 New Zealand general election.
Local body politics: 1950–1992.
At the same time as he relocated his company to Mount Roskill, Hay entered local body politics in that semi-rural borough, becoming first a borough councillor (1950) and then Mayor of Roskill Borough (1953–1974). As Mayor, he sold council plant, contracted out services and constructed amenities. After his retirement as Roskill Mayor, Hay was then elected to the Auckland Regional Council, and also served on the Auckland International Airport Committee. As a civic leader, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1966 Queen's Birthday Honours, and promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to local government and the community, in the 1977 New Year Honours.
Political activism: 1972–1987.
Hay was a devout Protestant Christian. As Mount Roskill mayor, he always started his meetings with a prayer service and was responsible for Mount Roskill's status as Auckland's "Bible Belt." By 1988, it was estimated that there were twenty-six churches for the borough's 35,000 inhabitants.
In 1969, Hay helped to organise a nationwide New Zealand Billy Graham Crusade. 1972, he was a principal organiser for the Marches for Jesus that year, which involved an estimated 70,000 people. He then became involved in bitter controversy when he opposed passage of New Zealand's Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986, and earned the enmity of New Zealand's lesbian and gay communities. He established the Coalition of Concerned Citizens along with Sir Peter Tait in 1986, but that organisation failed to achieve its objective of curtailing passage of that legislation. Thereafter, Hay became more reticent, retiring from local body politics and devoting himself to civic charity work.
Death and legacy.
In 1997, Hay died at Auckland City Hospital, aged seventy-nine. His son, David Hay, later became Auckland City Deputy Mayor under Mayor Les Mills, attacking Auckland's lesbian and gay Hero Parade in the mid-nineties. Today, David Hay's former home houses the Maxim Institute's office.
There is a park and sports field area, Keith Hay Park in Mt Roskill, named after him.


Lennart Anderson

Lennart Anderson (August 22, 1928 – October 15, 2015) was an American painter. His work has been featured at several major museums, including his first major show at the Delaware Art Museum in 1992. He taught on the art faculties of several universities, including Brooklyn College, the Pratt Institute, Yale University, Princeton University, and Columbia University.
Born in Detroit, Michigan, he studied at Cass Technical High School, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and the Art Students League of New York under Edwin Dickinson. Anderson was inducted as a member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1977 and made an Associate of the American Academy of Design in 1982. He was a recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship (1983), the National Endowment for the Arts grant, the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation grant, and in 1961 was awarded the Rome Prize.
His paintings and drawings are included in the collections of the Brooklyn Museum; the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden; Cleveland Museum of Art; the Whitney Museum of American Art; and the Louis-Dreyfus Family Collection.


Moshe Wallach

Moshe (Moritz) Wallach (28 December 1866 – 8 April 1957) was a German Jewish physician and pioneering medical practitioner in Jerusalem. He was the founder of Shaarei Zedek Hospital on Jaffa Road, which he directed for 45 years. He introduced modern medicine to the impoverished and disease-plagued citizenry, accepting patients of all religions and offering free medical care to indigents. He was so closely identified with the hospital that it became known as "Wallach's Hospital". A strictly Torah-observant Jew, he was also an activist in the Agudath Israel Orthodox Jewish movement. He was buried in the small cemetery adjacent to the hospital.
Biography.
Moshe Wallach was one of seven children born to Joseph Wallach (1841–1921), a textile merchant originally from Euskirchen, and Marianne Levy of Münstereifel. His parents moved to Cologne following their marriage in 1863. Joseph Wallach was a founder of Adass Jeshurun, the Cologne Orthodox community, which he later served as president.
In his youth, Wallach attended the and a Jewish school run by the Cologne Orthodox community. He studied medicine at the University of Berlin and University of Würzburg, and received his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1889. In 1890 he was chosen by the Frankfurt-based Jewish Conference for the Support of the Jews in Palestine to emigrate to Palestine and carry out its plans to open a modern Jewish hospital in Jerusalem. Wallach first opened a clinic and pharmacy in the Armenian Quarter of the Old City. He also worked in the Bikur Holim Hospital as a women's and children's physician, ophthalmologist, and surgeon specializing in neck surgery. He was the first to perform tracheotomies in Jerusalem, and performed many ritual circumcisions.
In 1896 Wallach returned to Europe to raise funds for the new hospital, collecting donations in Germany and Holland. Upon his return to Jerusalem, he purchased a 10-dunam (2.5 acre) plot of land located outside the Old City Walls on what would become Jaffa Road. He registered the land in his own name with the help of the German consul in Jerusalem, Dr. Paul von Tischendorf, who also helped him procure building materials from Germany.
Shaare Zedek Hospital opened on January 27, 1902 with 20 beds, an outpatient clinic, and a pharmacy. With most of the hospital's patients living in the Old City, a 20-minute donkey ride away, and a dearth of in-house staff, Wallach often made house calls to determine whether a case actually warranted hospitalization. If transporting to the hospital would be dangerous, he performed curettage; otherwise, he accompanied the patient on a stretcher back to the hospital surgery.
In addition to departments for internal medicine, maternity and children, Wallach later opened an infectious diseases department which was the only one in Jerusalem to treat polio. During the milk shortages of World War I, Wallach bought several milk cows and built a cowshed and grazing field for them behind the hospital. The herd was gradually increased to 40 cows and became a source of revenue, especially for kosher-certified milk sales for Passover.
Wallach, who for several decades was the only in-house physician at Shaare Zedek, ran the hospital as a strictly Orthodox institution. He insisted on strict Sabbath observance and a high level of kashrut in the hospital, and personally supervised the milking of the cows. He arranged for an electric generator to service the hospital so that it would not have to rely on electricity provided by the power station, where Jews worked on Shabbat. He set aside part of the field adjacent to the hospital to the growing of wheat for "shemura matzo" and supervised the baking of matzos for Passover. For Sukkot, he erected a by sukkah in the hospital courtyard to accommodate both eating and sleeping.
The language of the hospital was German or Yiddish; Wallach refused to speak in Hebrew, the language of Torah study, in a secular institution. Before the rise of Nazism, Wallach ordered all hospital correspondence to be conducted in German; afterwards he allowed letters to be written in Rashi script, a Hebrew typeface.
Schwester Selma.
Wallach opened the hospital with two trained nurses, Schwester (Nurse) Stybel and Schwester Van Gelder. Van Gelder returned to her native Holland early on, being dissatisfied with the "primitive conditions" that existed at Shaare Zedek. Stybel fled to Germany with the outbreak of World War I; when she returned, she organized a strike against the conditions at the hospital. Wallach did not respond to her demands, and when she was unable to find other work and asked for her job back, he made her head of the laundry. "A true nurse never abandons her patients", he told her.
In dire need of a head nurse, Wallach traveled to Europe in 1916. He was impressed with the similar organizational structure of the Jewish Hospital in Hamburg, and asked the head nurse there if she could spare one of her staff. The 32-year-old Selma Mayer (1884–1984), who in 1913 had been one of the first Jewish nurses to receive a German State Diploma, was recommended and agreed to travel. She arrived at Shaare Zedek in December 1916 and worked and lived at the hospital for the next 68 years, until her death at the age of 100.
Schwester Selma was Wallach's right-hand person in the running of the hospital. She accompanied him on house calls and stood in for him as hospital director when he was away. She applied the German system to running the wards and cultivated a spirit of warm, personalized patient care that became the modus operandi for the hospital to this day.
Jerusalem personality.
Wallach became a well-known and respected personality in Jerusalem. He was invited to every political and diplomatic reception that took place during the Ottoman and British Mandate periods. The British High Commissioner Ronald Storrs was a personal friend of Wallach's; he expedited the doctor's request for the annual delivery of matzos to the hospital for the Passover holiday. Wallach was also close to leaders of the Old Yishuv, including Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld. He was a personal friend of Rabbi Jacob Israël de Haan, a political spokesman for the Haredi community in Jerusalem who was assassinated in 1924 just outside Shaare Zedek Hospital as he was returning to the hospital synagogue for evening prayers.
Wallach was the personal physician of many Torah leaders of the Old Yishuv, among them Rabbi Chaim Hezekiah Medini (the "Sdei Chemed"), whom he treated in Hebron, Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, Rav of Jerusalem, Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky, the first Dushinsky Rebbe, and Rabbi Solomon Eliezer Alfandari, who lived in the Ruchama neighborhood (today Mekor Baruch). He also treated King Abdullah I of Jordan.
Another Torah Leader whom Wallach had the merit to treat was the Previous Lubavitcher Rebbe, [Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn]. The Rebbe writes in a letter dated 21 Elul 5689 (= 26 September 1929), "When the saddenning news of the pogroms in Israel (Hebron Massacre) (may it be rebuilt and reestablished speedily in our days amen) reached me, travelling from Alexandria to Trieste, Sunday, week of Torah Portion "Eikev" [= August 18 in 1929] I became sick with a sickness of the kidneys as a result of the great grief and aggravation, and thank G-d, the precious, wise, well known, truly G-d fearing, Dr. Wallach (may he live), was together with me, and applied treatments to alleviate my aches..." The Rebbe had suffered a kidney attack, and Wallach was aboard and treated him and cared for him until he regained his strength. Soon after, he approached Rabbi Schneersohn to request a manner of penance ("kapparah"). When asked for what, he replied, "since the Rebbe, a Jewish leader, needed by many, must be in full health, it would be impossible for him to become unwell (i.e. God would not allow such a thing) if not for the presence of a doctor in which case he would not have access to the necessary medical care. If so, my presence aboard the ship, "made it possible" for the Rebbe to experience pain." The Rebbe recounted this incident to his son-in-law, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who in turn recounted it in a public talk in 1987, as an example of true humility and contriteness.
Personal.
Wallach was a dedicated physician and a demanding and exacting employer. He was known to shout at nurses and patients alike who did not follow his instructions to the letter. His first pharmacist quit because he was unable to tolerate Wallach's behavior. However, Wallach also had a sense of humor. Once he was leaving the hospital late at night when he encountered a woman waiting by the locked gate. She did not know who he was, but begged him to let her in for a few minutes to see her husband, who had had an operation the previous day. "Quick, before that crazy man Wallach comes", she said. Dr. Wallach let her in, and received her profuse thanks when she came out again. "What is your name?" she asked. "You are such a kind person". "I am the crazy man Wallach", he replied.
Despite his outer gruffness, Wallach had a kind heart. He adopted a young Syrian girl named Bolissa who had been brought to the hospital by her father and was subsequently abandoned there. He personally assisted poverty-stricken immigrants to find housing and jobs, and did not charge indigent patients. Before World War I, he intervened with Jamal Pasha, Ottoman leader in Palestine, on behalf of Jews who had been conscripted into the Turkish army or who were in danger of being expelled from the country. He also helped members of his extended family in Germany immigrate to Palestine after the rise of Nazism in the 1930s.
Wallach was scrupulous in his own mitzvah observance. He engaged a teacher to study Talmud with him and spent much time learning with Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, leader of the Old Yishuv. Whenever he traveled on house calls, he brought along a Book of Psalms to recite on the road.
Wallach never married. A wealthy German donor to the hospital, Yehoshua Hearn, wanted him to return to Germany to marry his daughter, but after consultation with Rabbi Sonnenfeld, Wallach determined that he would not leave the land for any reason. Later, when the girl agreed to travel to Palestine, Wallach arranged a "shidduch" between her and his brother Ludwig, who worked as a clerk at Shaare Zedek Hospital. Wallach resided in rooms in the hospital until his final day.
Final years and legacy.
Wallach retired at the age of 80. He was succeeded as director of Shaare Zedek by Dr. Falk Schlesinger, another German-Jewish physician.
Wallach was feted on several occasions, beginning with a seventy-fifth birthday celebration at a hotel, which was attended by British Mandate health officials. Before his eightieth birthday, a Torah scroll was commissioned in his honor. Upon its completion three years later, Wallach donated it to the hospital synagogue. Two banquets were held in honor of his eighty-fifth birthday – one in the hospital, attended by the Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel, Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel, the Minister of Health, representatives of the Doctors Union, and representatives of the Old and New Yishuvs; and the second in the office of the Jerusalem mayor, Shlomo Zalman Shragai, who bestowed a commendation on Dr. Wallach for his years of public service. In honor of his ninetieth birthday, Wallach was awarded an honorary degree from the medical faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The city of Jerusalem also named him a "Yakir Yerushalayim" (Worthy of Jerusalem); however, Wallach died the day before the presentation ceremony took place.
Wallach died on April 8, 1957 at the age of 90. He was buried in the small cemetery adjacent to the hospital, on land he had given to the burial society of the Perushim and Ashkenazim of Jerusalem to use as a temporary burial ground during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. After the war, most of the 200 graves in this cemetery were relocated to permanent cemeteries, but a handful of graves remained, including that of Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky, the first Dushinsky Rebbe, who died in Shaare Zedek Hospital in 1948. Per his request, Wallach was buried beside the Dushinsky Rebbe, whom he considered his mentor.
According to Schwester Selma, over half of Jerusalem attended Wallach's funeral. He was eulogized by "Who's Who in Israel" as the Israeli medical profession's "spiritual leader for two generations". The Jerusalem municipality named the small street west of Shaare Zedek Hospital "Moshe Wallach Street" in his honor.
Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin paid tribute to Wallach in a 1995 address in the United States Capitol rotunda inaugurating the Jerusalem 3000 celebrations. In a speech titled "My Jerusalem", Rabin began:
"Jerusalem has a thousand faces – and each one of us has his own Jerusalem. My Jerusalem is Dr. Moshe Wallach of Germany, the doctor of the sick of Israel and Jerusalem, who built Sha'arei Zedek hospital and had his home in its courtyard so as to be close to his patients day and night. I was born in his hospital. I am a Jerusalemite".


Empowering Spirits Foundation

The Empowering Spirits Foundation (ESF), Inc. is a national non-profit, non-partisan LGBT rights organization in the United States.
About.
The Empowering Spirits Foundation is based in San Diego, California with chapters spread throughout the nation. ESF members engage in service-oriented activities in communities typically opposed to LGBT rights.
ESF programs include neighborhood revitalization, housing builds, canned food drives, and environmental cleanup, causes which allow for both sides to work together in what ESF calls a "positive environment." The programs take place in under-served areas or those conservative in nature, as these are the people ESF is attempting to influence.
Additionally, ESF is a visible entity in U.S. politics.
History and leadership.
The Empowering Spirits Foundation was established by A. Latham Staples in 2008 after the passage of Proposition 8 in California out of frustration as to how he thought LGBT rights organizations were approaching the gay rights issue.
Staples said, "The day after the passage of Proposition 8, various gay rights organizations attacked Christians, the LDS Church, and minority groups. In my mind, this intolerance only amplified the hate, it didn't create change,". Staples, a long time activist, was laughed at when he suggested to one of those organizations that the LGBT community should foster dialogue with such groups instead of attacking them. Four days later, ESF was established.
On March 4, 2013, ESF announced Staples had stepped down as president of the organization as he had accepted the position of chief executive officer at PremloCare, Inc. (later renamed EXUSMED, Inc.), a healthcare company based in San Diego. He remains the chairman of ESF. Today, ESF is headed by Lisa Kove, current president of the foundation and Executive Director of the Department of Defense Federal Globe.
Events.
Empowering Spirits Foundation members engage in service-oriented activities in communities throughout the nation. These events range from small events at nursing homes and food banks, neighborhood clean-up endeavors, and neighborhood restoration projects, to participation in large citywide rallies.
Proud Hearts Reach Out.
The Empowering Spirits Foundation held its first annual nationwide service-oriented event to promote LGBT rights called “Proud Hearts Reach Out” in conjunction with National Coming Out Day October 9, 2009. The nationwide event was created in response to the California Supreme Court decision to uphold Proposition 8. Roughly 5,000 volunteers attended the ESF service events held across 36 states, in partnership with Habitat for Humanity, MyOutSpirit.com, the American Cancer Society, and the Lymphoma and Leukemia Society.
National Equality Rally.
The Empowering Spirits Foundation, along with other LGBT organizations, co-organized the National Equality Rally which took place from April 27 through May 3, 2009 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The rally featured a series of cultural programs, panels, parties and outdoor events, and a tribute to San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom, who is a proponent of gay rights.
National recognition.
Echoing Green.
Echoing Green, an angel investor in social entrepreneurial organizations, announced it would fund ESF for two years. ESF was the only grantee selected from the category of "Civil & Human Rights" when Staples was named a 2010 Echoing Green fellow for “enacting innovative solutions that address root causes to social problems.”
Controversy.
Catholic Diocese of Portland, Maine.
In May 2009, the Empowering Spirits Foundation filed a complaint with the Internal Revenue Service to seek revocation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland’s tax exempt status. This complaint was filed after Mark Mutty, the Diocese’s public affairs director, announced plans for the church to gather 55,087 signatures needed for a state referendum on same-sex marriage in an attempt to overturn Maine’s new same-sex marriage law. Mutty is quoted as calling the church’s action “one of the biggest grassroots movements in Maine history.”
Erik Stanley, senior counsel for the Alliance Defense Fund, responding on behalf of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland, stated in a letter to ESF that the IRS allows tax-exempt organizations to "engage in lobbying activities, including advocating a position on a public referendum, without violating their tax-exempt status so long as the activity is not a substantial activity of the organization."


Chiara Corbella Petrillo

Chiara Corbella Petrillo (9 January 1984 – 13 June 2012) was an Italian Roman Catholic and mother. Corbella met her future husband Enrico Petrillo in 2002 when both were on a pilgrimage to Medjugorje; they were married on 21 September 2008. The pair had two children in 2009 and 2010 who both died within half an hour of their births due to medical complications which were diagnosed when Corbella was pregnant. The couple had their final child in 2011 at which point she began treatment for a carcinoma that she had been diagnosed with and which was later deemed to be terminal. The cancer spread to places such as her tongue and liver which made sight and talking troublesome as the illness progressed.
Both she and her husband also were admirers of the Franciscans and made several pilgrimages to Assisi during their time together; indeed her spiritual director was a Franciscan friar who married the pair in 2008. Corbella and her husband also took to speaking at pro-life events in Rome following the births and deaths of their first two children.
Her cause for beatification had long been discussed following her death and concrete steps were taken in 2018 after the formal launch to the cause in Rome. The diocesan process for her cause was opened in the Lateran Basilica on 21 September 2018; Corbella has been titled as a Servant of God.
Life.
Chiara Corbella was born on 9 January 1984 in Rome as the second of two children to Roberto Corbella and Maria Anselma Ruzziconi; her elder sister was Elisa. Her baptism was celebrated on 5 February at the Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano church where she also made her First Communion on 29 May 1994 and received her Confirmation on 8 October 1995.
In the summer of 2002 she was on a vacation in Croatia with some high school classmates when she decided to make a brief stop in Medjugorje where her elder sister had been visiting. On 2 August 2002 she first met Enrico Petrillo (then aged 23) at Medjugorje and the two soon started a relationship; Enrico was there with the Charismatic Renewal on a pilgrimage. The pair first met in a crowded hotel dining room and split up several times but each time got back together. The pair broke up in 2006 but reunited after Chiara made another visit to Medjugorje. On another occasion after a break up, Chiara had gone with her father and sister to Australia. Upon her return she saw an email from Enrico who was interested in rekindling their relationship. On 8 December 2006 she was in Assisi for a vocational course that the Order of Friars Minor had been managing where she first met Fra Vito D'Amato whom she asked to be her spiritual director. Enrico had been impressed with the effect that the course had on her and so attended one himself that 31 December. The pair's relationship culminated on 21 September 2008 in Assisi once the two were married with D'Amato presiding over the wedding at the San Pietro church. The couple had travelled to Assisi on a walking pilgrimage in 2008 and became engaged at the end of the walk on 2 August; Enrico had proposed to her three times and each time she accepted.
One month after their wedding the pair learnt that Corbella was pregnant after she had just started a postgraduate degree in political sciences. The first ultrasound scan revealed that their daughter had been diagnosed as having anencephaly and the parents were asked if they wished to abort. Enrico and Chiara both refused to do this and remained firmly focused on having the child.
The couple's first child Maria Grazia Letizia was born on 10 June 2009 but died after half an hour, long enough for Father D'Amato to baptize her; her funeral was held on 12 June at the Sant'Angelo in Pescheria church. The ultrasound during Chiara's second pregnancy revealed that the child had no legs but the couple were once more determined to have the child. The seventh month scans showed the child had visceral malformations with the absence of his lower limbs as a confirmation of the first scan. Further scans indicated that her second child had no kidneys and therefore his lungs would not be able to develop which would lead to breathing complications. Despite this, the couple persevered and Davide Giovanni was born on 24 June 2010 and baptized quickly as his father placed a small wooden cross around the infant's neck which was the Tau Cross; their daughter was also baptized in this manner. Enrico carried his son to the hospital morgue after his son died after living for 38 minutes. His funeral was celebrated on 26 June in the Sant'Angelo in Pescheria church. The pair soon became popular speakers at a range of pro-life events where they were able to share testimonies about the births of their two children. Both also recited the rosary each Thursday night and ended their prayer of consecration to the Blessed Mother with the words "Totus Tuus".
Chiara became pregnant with her final child not long after and the couple were relieved that the ultrasound scans demonstrated the child would be born in perfect health. However, in the fifth month Chiara became diagnosed with a bad lesion on the tongue and had to undergo a surgical procedure. Doctors informed her that the lesion had in fact been a carcinoma, but she was insistent on bearing her final child even if it meant endangering her life.
Corbella had an operation in March 2011 to treat her condition. Her final child Francesco was born at 37 weeks on 30 May 2011 in perfect health and her treatment started after his birth; she had another operation on 3 June. But the cancer's intensification over time meant that it became difficult for her to see and to speak. In March 2012 the pair brought their son to the Portiuncula in Assisi in order to entrust him to the Blessed Mother. In late March Chiara learnt that the cancer had metastasized to one breast and her liver in addition to her lungs and one eye. Her condition was deemed terminal and the diagnosis was made to Enrico who told his wife the news at the hospital chapel before the Blessed Sacrament. This was during Holy Week on 4 April and the two then and there renewed their marriage vows. Corbella met Pope Benedict XVI alongside her husband and son on 2 May 2012 at the pope's general audience where the couple were able to discuss their experiences with the pope.
Corbella died at her home at noon on 13 June 2012 dressed in her wedding gown; she had participated in her final Mass on 12 June. Cardinal Agostino Vallini presided over her funeral Mass on 16 June at Santa Francesca Romana where he remembered her as "the second Gianna Beretta". Her remains are interred with her two children at Campo Verano in Rome.
Beatification process.
The beatification process was opened in Rome on 2 July 2018 after Cardinal Angelo De Donatis issued an edict that established the cause would be introduced in Rome and also naming Corbella as a Servant of God. Cardinal De Donatis presided over the opening of the diocesan process on 21 September 2018 in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran and hoped that Christians would "find in her encouragement and support in the service of conjugal love and life".
The first and current postulator appointed for this cause is the Discalced Carmelite priest Romano Gambalunga.


Bob Delegall

Robert W. "Bob" Delegall (July 24, 1945 – March 21, 2006) was an American actor, television director and producer. He has guest starred in number of notable television series namely "Adam-12", "Good Times", "The Six Million Dollar Man", "Knots Landing" and among other series.
Life and career.
Delegall was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Along with acting on film and television he appeared in a number of Philadelphia and Broadway theater productions namely "The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel" and "The Sunshine Train" among others.
Delegall was also an acting coach teaching actors Gregory Hines, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Michael O'Keefe and Tyra Banks.
After guest starring in number of notable television series, Delegall pursued a career in television directing and producing in 1997. He served as director and producer on the CBS sitcom "The Gregory Hines Show" followed by directing episodes of the Showtime drama "Linc's" in 1998. He went back to acting in 2003 after a seven-year hiatus.
Death.
Delegall died on March 21, 2006 in Venice, California after fighting a ten-year battle with prostate cancer. He is survived by his wife Fran Saperstein, a film and television producer and their two children, Jewel and Eric.


HIV/AIDS in China

HIV/AIDS in China can be traced to an initial outbreak of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first recognized in 1989 among injecting drug users along China's southern border. Figures from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and UNAIDS estimate that there were 1.25 million people living with HIV/AIDS in China at the end of 2018, with 135,000 new infections from 2017. The reported incidence of HIV/AIDS in China is relatively low, but the Chinese government anticipates that the number of individuals infected annually will continue to increase.
While HIV is a type of sexually transmitted infection, the first years of the epidemic in China were dominated by non-sexual transmission routes, particularly among users of intravenous drugs through practices such as needle sharing. By 2005, 50% of new HIV cases were due to sexual transmission, with heterosexual sex gradually becoming the most common means of new infections in the 2000s. New infections among men who have sex with men (MSMs) grew rapidly thereafter, representing 26% of all new cases in 2014, up from 2.5% in 2006. Another major, non-sexual channel of infection was the Plasma Economy of the 1990s, wherein large numbers of blood donors, primarily in poor, rural areas, were infected with HIV as a result of systematically dangerous practices by state and private blood collection clinics.
History.
Global Background.
HIV evolved from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), present in numerous species of primates in West Africa and Central Africa, in the early 20th century. SIV jumped from primates to humans several times, although the primary strain of HIV responsible for the global pandemic, HIV-1 group M, is traceable to the region surrounding Kinshasha, likely having initially crossed from chimpanzees around 1920. From there, it spread to the Caribbean around 1967, proceeding to establish itself in New York City and San Francisco circa 1971 and 1976, respectively.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognized unusual outbreaks of opportunistic infections among gay men in 1981, and the disease was initially referred to as Gay-related immune deficiency (GRID), although it was quickly understood to also infect heterosexuals as well. In 1982, the CDC adopted the name "acquired immune deficiency syndrome" (AIDS). By the end of 1984, 7,699 cases of AIDS and 3,665 deaths had been recorded in America, with an additional cases 762 in Europe. By the end following year, over 20,000 cases were recorded globally, reaching every inhabited region in the world.
Early stages of the epidemic in China.
The first recorded death due to AIDS was a male Argentine-American tourist and California resident who died in Beijing on 6 June 1985. The Chinese government focused initially on preventing foreigners from transmitting the disease to its citizens, viewing it primarily as a consequence of a Western lifestyle.
By 1998, HIV/AIDS was present in all 31 provinces and administrative regions of China, and government statistics indicated between 60% and 70% of those infected were drug users. Other major modes of transmission included infected blood spread through blood donation clinics across the country and the sex trade. Before either of these routes of infection were identified, however, a handful of people contracted HIV after receiving transfusions of contaminated hemophilia blood products from the United States.
Contaminated blood imports.
Through the early 1980s, multiple American pharmaceutical firms exported medical blood products contaminated with HIV to East Asia. Bayer Corporation exported plasma knowing the risks of HIV transmission, resulting in over one hundred infections in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Factorate, a Factor VIII product of Armour Pharmaceuticals Company, was imported to China and used in blood transfusions in 19 people in Zhejiang province between 1983 and 1985. Four of the recipients, all hemophiliacs, were infected with HIV, making them at the time the first identified cases of native Chinese infected within the country's borders. Armour had been aware that original sterilization methods for Factorate were inadequate since at least 1985.
The Chinese government reacted to the threat of HIV in the blood supply before any confirmed cases of infection had occurred. In September 1984, the Chinese Ministry of Health, in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (now the Ministry of Commerce) and the General Administration of Customs, issued a notice restricting imports on foreign blood products, including a complete ban on blood coagulation factors, specifically to prevent HIV/AIDS from entering the country. The bans were poorly enforced by some local governments, prompting central authorities in August 1985 to issue another notice nationwide, reiterating the ban and ordering all sub-national governments to comply. On 30 January 1986, all blood products, with the sole exception of human serum albumin, were banned from import into China for both organizational and personal use.
Southern intravenous drug users.
In 1989, central authorities became aware of a large outbreak of HIV/AIDS in western Yunnan province, in the border city of Ruili. 146 cases had been identified, mostly in injection drug users (IDUs), and Yunnan soon became the most heavily impacted province in China. The outbreak was the first instance of a widespread, native infection in China, and stunned officials previously concerned mainly with preventing infection through sexual contact with foreigners.
Yunnan borders the Golden Triangle region of Southeast Asia and has been a major hub for drug trafficking. HIV likely crossed into China along heroin trafficking routes from Myanmar. As heroin grew in popularity in Chinese border regions, injections with used needles became more common, greatly accelerating the rate of infection. The disease spread over the next several years, confined mainly to drug using populations of ethnic minorities in poorer, rural areas, reaching other high-risk groups and provinces by 1995.
Sichuan and Xinjiang first reported HIV outbreaks among injection drug users in 1995, the first two provinces besides Yunnan to do so. The following year, cases were confirmed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guizhou. Additionally, an independent outbreak of a separate sub-strain of HIV among IDUs began in 1997 in the city of Pingxiang, Guangxi. Drug users crossed the border into northern Vietnam, where heroin was similarly smuggled in from Myanmar, and shared needles with Vietnamese dealers and users to test purchases before returning to China.
Bloodhead controversy.
Unique to China was the large-scale transmission of HIV through blood donation centers in the early to mid-1990s. The ban on blood product imports from the preceding decade restricted China's blood supply, making blood donation more lucrative, particularly for inadequately funded rural healthcare systems already weakened by privatization. Additionally, medicines containing blood plasma became popular among Chinese consumers, also contributing to demand for blood. By 1990, thousands of public and commercial blood and blood plasma collection centers had been established across China, attracting donors with payments that could equal over a month's worth of income for some farmers. A significant grey market of poorly regulated "bloodheads" (Simplified Chinese: 血头, Traditional: 血頭, "xuètóu", coll. "xiětóu") concurrently arose.
The unsanitary practices in the blood market led to massive propagation of the HIV virus among rural populations. Donation centers frequently recycled needles, mixed blood donations without screening, and failed to adequately sterilize equipment, spreading blood-borne disease to both donors and recipients. For plasma donations, blood was often mixed with other donors' samples and reinjected after plasma extraction. Wu, Rou, and Detels (2001) found that 12.5% of plasma donors in eastern China tested positive for HIV, compared to 1.3% of non-donors; infected donors spread the disease to marital and other sexual partners. In 2004, official estimates put the range of people infected via unsafe blood donation practices across the most heavily impacted provinces——Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Shaanxi, and Shanxi——between 200,000 and 300,000. Gansu and Qinghai also reported infections stemming from the commercial blood trade during the same time period. Overall, 24% of all HIV/AIDS cases in China in 2004 had been attributed to blood donation and related activities.
The phenomenon was especially prevalent in Henan, where it was promoted by local officials, including Henan Ministry of Health director Liu Quanxi and provincial Communist Party Secretary Li Changchun, to promote economic growth. An internal report compiled in August 2002 by the Henan Ministry of Health, leaked by prominent AIDS activist Wan Yanhai, estimated that 35-45% of blood donors in some areas of the province had been infected due to poor safety precautions in clinics.
The Chinese government was slow to admit and respond to the problem after it was identified, and initially repressed efforts to expose it. Shuping Wang and Gao Yaojie, two female doctors from Henan, mounted campaigns to expose the dangerous practices they saw in the early 1990s that put donors at risk for HIV infection. The central government eventually ordered commercial clinics to be shut down in 1995, reopening them in 1997 after stronger regulations on blood donation practices were instituted, although there is evidence that dangerous and unhygienic practices were not completely eliminated. Both Gao and Wang eventually left China for the United States, citing apparent government harassment and intimidation resulting from their advocacy efforts. Even after acknowledging the issue, central and local government bodies sought to suppress discussion or coverage. Wan Yanhai was arrested in 2003 for attempting to screen a movie about the scandal in Beijing. In 2004, while acknowledging some victims had contracted HIV because of inadequate hygiene in blood donation centers and agreeing to provide compensation, authorities still sought to classify such infections as resultant of use of drugs or prostitution in official records.
Sex trade.
While the majority of early infections occurred as a result of intravenous injection transmission or tainted blood supplies, prostitution also played a role spreading HIV/AIDS. China's economy rapidly grew as a result of Reform and Opening Up policies, and patronage of commercial sex workers, many of whom were injecting drug users, grew among both wealthy businessman and migrant worker populations, bringing HIV back to their hometowns and other cities. Overall, however, the commercial sex industry was not as major a vehicle of transmission as drug injection and blood donation were, and HIV infection rates among female sex workers remained relatively low throughout the 2010s.
Epidemiology.
Estimates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and UNAIDS calculated approximately 1.25 million people living with HIV/AIDS in China at the end of 2018, with 135,000 new infections over the previous year. It was by far the deadliest notifiable disease of 2018, killing 18,780 individuals, compared to 3,149 for tuberculosis, the second-most deadly. According to the People's Daily in 2018, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, the government expects infections to continue to accelerate.
Data collection and reliability.
Data on HIV/AIDS up through the early 2000s was very imprecise. Passive disease surveillance methods were established in 1986, with local clinics and medical providers reporting confirmed cases progressively through district, city, and provincial channels, and then ultimately to three separate national agencies under the Ministry of Health. The Chinese government did not begin active surveillance and systematic data collection until 1995, when 42 national surveillance sites were established in 23 provincial-level regions with the help of the World Health Organization. By 2006, China had achieved comprehensive HIV/AIDS surveillance nationwide, following expansion of the surveillance network to over 300 sites and reforms of the national reporting systems, although rural areas remained under-covered. By 2010, 1888 surveillance sites had been established.
Data from before the development of comprehensive surveillance suffered a number of shortcomings, including minimal coverage of the general population due to focus on high-risk groups, poor data on men who have sex with men (MSM), stovepiping among different government entities, and difficulties obtaining data from private healthcare providers. Through the early 2000s, the Chinese government limited discussion of data and statistics of HIV/AIDS in the country, and media only reported numbers approved by the government.
Accordingly, estimates from the period of the epidemic often were imprecise, tending to overestimate the overall number of cases. China did not begin to produce regular, systematic estimates of the prevalence of HIV/AIDS until 2003, doing so in conjunction with the United Nations, World Health Organization, and United States Centers for Disease Control. This initial estimate was tentatively 840,000 cases nationwide, but with a potential range of 430,000 to 1.5 million. This was revised down to 650,000 in 2005.
Other international estimates tended to greatly overstate the presence and potential growth of HIV in China before more reliable official data was available. For example, in 2002, a report by the United Nations Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, entitled "HIV/AIDS: China's Titanic Peril", had estimated up to 1.5 million infected cases, and warned of "[a] potential HIV/AIDS disaster of unimaginable proportion". A 2002 report by the US National Intelligence Council projected 10-15 million cases in China by 2010.
Overall, the availability, precision, and coverage of HIV/AIDS data in China improved significantly from 2003 onward. Beginning in 2010, the Chinese government again expanded the scope and number of HIV surveillance sites, increasing coverage of all groups and expanding to cover larger portions of the population and providing more comprehensive information on the disease. Data gathered through the current system has generally been reliable, although issues with standardized protocols across different sites and coordination among different levels of government were identified in independent studies.
Current transmission.
HIV in China is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, which accounts for over 90% of new infections. Sexual transmission gradually began to overtake the originally predominant routes of transmission, injection drug use and unsafe blood donation practices, throughout the 1990s and into the mid-2000s. In 2005, sexual transmission accounted for 50% of all new infections, and by 2007, a majority of HIV/AIDS cases overall were related to sexual transmission pathways.
Currently, major high-risk groups for HIV infection include intravenous drug users, men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers. The Chinese government has additionally established data collection and monitoring sites targeting male migrant workers, long-distance truck drivers, male STI clinic patients, antenatal care clinic patients, and college students.
MSM in particular have seen a significant increase in transmission rates since epidemiological studies examining them as a group began in 2000. MSM represented 26% of new reported cases in 2014, up from 2.5% in 2006. Increased migration from poorer regions with high HIV prevalence to urban areas and somewhat liberalized attitude towards homosexuality in China over the last two decades, resulting in more overall sexual activity, have been hypothesized as factors driving this trend. MSM are also generally at a higher risk for contracting STIs, including syphilis, which may form a coinfection with HIV. Drug use contributes little to HIV infection among MSM, with the overwhelming majority of new cases being the result of sexual activity. More than one-fifth of MSM are married to women, which might speed the transmission of HIV to the general population, and outreach to this subgroup in particular can be difficult.
Mortality rates.
The standardized mortality rate of HIV/AIDS rose from .33 per 100,000 people in 1990 to 2.50 per 100,000 in 2016, and the rate is higher in men than in women. Overall rates of mortality continue to grow as more individuals are infected. The provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among infected individuals, however, has greatly decreased mortality among patients receiving care since the early 2000s; by 2014 86.9% of eligible patients were receiving some form of ART.
Control and prevention.
Overview: Evolution of policy response.
The response of the government of China to the HIV/AIDS crisis evolved in tandem with the epidemic itself. Generally, policy moved from preventive and containment measures aimed at keeping the disease from reaching the general population, often with a reliance on enforcement of public morality, to more active, data-driven control measures involving targeted education and harm reduction programs. Early law and policy implementation were often hindered by lack of knowledge among lawmakers on the severity and impact of HIV/AIDS and its potential for growth within China.
1985-1988: Protection from foreign infection.
The first phase of Chinese HIV/AIDS policy ran from the first recorded in-country death in 1985, of a tourist in Beijing, until 1988/89, when the identified epidemic pattern expanded following the discovery of the outbreak in Yunnan. From 1985 to 1988, only 22 individuals tested positive for HIV in China, 18 of whom were foreigners or Overseas Chinese. HIV/AIDS was commonly viewed as a consequence of a Western lifestyle, and thus government efforts concentrated on protecting China from foreign transmission and promoting moral behavior and traditional values among citizens. "AIDS" was often punned in Chinese as "loving capitalism disease" (), and public health authorities held that because homosexuality and other "abnormal" sexual behaviors were not prevalent in Chinese society, the disease had limited potential to spread.
In December 1985, the Ministry of Health submitted a report to the Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, outlining the spread of the disease from Africa to Europe and America, emphasizing the predominantly sexual transmission routes, and listing measures the Ministry had taken to prevent its further spread into China. Laws and regulations attempting to eliminate the risk of foreigners infecting native Chinese were promulgated, under the assumption that this could keep the disease out of the country altogether. By 1986, foreigners intending to stay over a year were required to undergo HIV testing, and HIV-positive people were legally barred from entering China. The "New York Times" reported that police in some cities were instructed to prevent foreigners from coming into sexual contact with Chinese people, including in discothèques, dance halls, and brothels. These early policies of containment, which also included wider crackdowns on drug use and sex work, did little to check the spread of the disease, and possibly hindered initial identification of its domestic reservoirs.
1989-1994: Control of limited epidemic.
The discovery of the outbreak in Yunnan triggered a large increase in the number of reported cases as the disease rapidly spread among high-risk groups. The Yunnan outbreak forced health officials to reconsider aspects of Chinese HIV/AIDS policy, although efforts were still largely focused on policing drug use and prostitution.
Social science research on previously taboo topics, including homosexuality, sex work, and drugs, began to proliferate during this period and served to inform policy that did not rely on a view of HIV/AIDS as an inherently Western problem. The Ministry of Health began exploring methods such as the implementation of behavioral interventions and free STI testing among high risk populations. Officials also experimented with less punitive counter-drug policy, such as the establishment of a limited number of methadone clinics in larger, well-equipped medical institutions in 1993. A wide range of officials—including State Council officials and health, security, justice, and education civil servants—were sent on tours to study policy and disease control strategies in places heavily affected by AIDS, such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, and Thailand.
1995-2003: Combatting widespread epidemic.
In 1995, HIV cases began appearing consistently beyond the borders of Yunnan as the epidemic entered a phase of rapid growth. The government grew more concerned with the public health threat HIV/AIDS posed. Previously uncommon harm reduction strategies began to appear in limited capacities, a departure from previous years.
Several novel state organizations were established at the national level to strengthen the government response to HIV/AIDS. The compartmentalized nature of the Chinese bureaucracy historically made work on HIV/AIDS difficult because different agencies and departments were responsible for different aspects of data collection, service provision, and healthcare. In 1996, the State Council established STD/AIDS Prevention and Control Coordinating Meeting System (国务院防治艾滋病性病协调会议制度) to coordinate policy at the national level, although this body met infrequently. On 1 July 1998, following nearly two years of planning, the National Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control under the Ministry of Health (卫生部艾滋病预防控制中心) was established. This entity became the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCAIDS/STD, 中国疾病控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心) in January 2002.
A number of substantive policy developments related to HIV/AIDS occurred during this period. In September 1995, the State Council and Ministry of Health release "Recommendations on Strengthening AIDS Prevention and Control" (关于加强和控制艾滋病工作的意见), developing and reviewing laws and regulations related to HIV/AIDS control and improving enforcement mechanisms. HIV/AIDS work was included in the overall national development strategy of China, and the government signaled openness to the support of non-governmental organizations in combatting the epidemic. Blood donation centers, closed nationwide in 1995 in response to the Plasma Economy scandal, were reopened in 1997–98 with the passage of the Blood Donation Law (中华人民共和国献血法). In 1998, needle exchange programs were implemented in Guangxi, and further expanded in the early 2000s as their efficacy became clear, although some localities and national government departments (such as the Ministry of Public Security) remained opposed to such efforts on the grounds that they encouraged drug use.
In November 1998, the State Council released a document entitled "China’s National Medium-and Long-Term Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control (1998-2010)" (关于印发中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划(1998—2010年)), outlining the Chinese government's goals to be carried out at local, provincial, and national levels, and further monitored through regular assessments. The document included a number of specific objectives and mandates, including:
The State Council further consolidated and expanded work on HIV and AIDS with China's first five-year plan for AIDS/HIV, covering 2001–2005. While still cautious about embracing harm reduction policies for fear of promoting social ills, the plan was a milestone for such policies overall and laid the groundwork for more ambitious efforts in following five-year plans.
2003-Present: Evidence-based approaches post-SARS.
The 2002–04 SARS outbreak, which originated in Foshan, China, led to significant changes to public health policy, including shifts in the state's approach to HIV and AIDS. Funding and political support for HIV/AIDS-related policies began to increase markedly. Wu et al. (2007) argue that "SARS showed not only how infectious diseases could threaten economic and social stability but also the effect of China’s policies on international health problems”, resulting in increased expertise and attention devoted to HIV/AIDS overall.
The new administration of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, which ascended to power in March 2003, heightened commitment to evidence-based policy to fight HIV/AIDS. Wu Yi was appointed the Minister of Health, and her tenure saw a greater willingness to publicly discuss health crises like HIV/AIDS; Wu even met with activist Gao Yaojie shortly after her appointment.
In September 2003, Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang outlined five promises of the Chinese government in its fight against AIDS in an address to the United Nations General Assembly's special session on HIV/AIDS. Gao said the Chinese government would commit to free antiretroviral therapy for poor rural and urban citizens, free counseling and treatment services, free treatment for pregnant women and testing for their children, free tuition and fees for children affected by HIV/AIDS, and financial support for any affected families. On World AIDS Day, 1 December 2003, while meeting with an AIDS patient in an effort to decrease stigma surrounding the disease, Premier Wen also formally announced the "Four Frees and One Care" (四免一怀) policy based on the measures outlined by Gao. Funding initially came from a $90 million grant of The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, focusing on free testing for those in provinces where blood donation had been a major channel of infection.
In March 2006, the State Council implemented the "Regulation on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS", codifying principles of prevention, treatment, and behavioral interventions into a national framework. It explicitly endorsed methadone treatment and condom education, among other measures, spurring the establishment of over 600 clinics nationwide by 2010. The law also formally proscribed discrimination of people based on their HIV status, and no longer prevented HIV-positive people from entering the country.
International cooperation and funding.
Prior to 2003, the majority of the capital for anti-HIV/AIDS policies and programs in China came from foreign sources, including NGOs like the Red Cross and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, foreign government agencies like the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and international multilateral organizations like the UN and WHO. Dedicated funds for HIV/AIDS were first allocated by the Ministry of Finance in 1998. By 2015, 99% of HIV/AIDS response efforts were funded by domestic sources, and total expenditures reached nearly RMB 7 billion (approx. USD 1 billion) for the fiscal year 2017.
Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS.
Discrimination against HIV-positive individuals is an ongoing issue in China. Various provinces have historically adopted different measures related to people with HIV, most of which restrict their equal access to the public sphere. In some provinces in municipalities in the early 2000s, people with HIV were prohibited from holding certain jobs, HIV mothers could be required to undergo an abortion, and an HIV-positive couple could be legally barred from marriage on medical grounds.
The 2006 Regulation on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS formally barred legal discrimination against anyone based on the HIV status. While lauding the Regulation as a major step forward, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in 2015 reported that local governments often functionally ignored its provisions. A 2016 study in Guangzhou found that large numbers of healthcare providers also discriminated against HIV-positive patients, with over one-third refusing to treat such patients altogether.
In January 2013, China saw its first lawsuit awarding damages to a plaintiff on the grounds of HIV/AIDS discrimination. The plaintiff had been rejected for a job as a school teacher by the education bureau of Jinxian County, Jiangxi province specifically due to his HIV status.
Traditional Chinese Medicine.
As of December 2018, the only Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China was herbal "tangcao" tablets (). A number of other TCM supplements are under clinical trial reviews, but have not yet met NMPA standards. TCM research efforts are primarily focused on lessening the side affects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and protecting against opportunistic infections.
Extracts of TCM medicines have served as bases for trials of antiviral therapies, including baicalin and Dantonic. A group of nine HIV/AIDS patients in 2017 were reported to have been functionally cured through TCM treatments, but these trials lacked controlled, regular observations. A 2018 study suggested substantive differences in protein expression and signaling in certain TCM-identified syndromes for those with HIV/AIDS. Controlled studies have yet to demonstrate any effect on long-term survival among HIV/AIDS patients, however, its validity is difficult to discern, and research is lacking on the interactions between Western and Traditional Chinese pharmacological products.
Activism.
In China, like elsewhere, HIV/AIDS activists have played an important role in promoting public awareness and education about the disease, helping to prevent discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS and highlighting factors which may impede efforts to check the spread of the disease. Compared to other social movements, the Chinese government has historically been more tolerant of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs and civil society organizations, relying on them to reach out to marginalized groups most vulnerable to the disease.
The government at all administrative levels has also often sought to suppress or minimize activism perceived as sensitive, obscene, or a threat to stability, including that related to HIV/AIDS. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in Henan, where the initial blood donation outbreak, in which local authorities were extensively involved, was most severe.
In 2007, activist Gao Yaojie was placed under house arrest in her home in Zhengzhou in order to prevent her from visiting the United States to receive an award from Vital Voices Global Partnership and meet with Hillary Clinton.
Socioeconomic effect.
The process of the effect of HIV/AIDS can be described as having three key stages: first, the effect experienced at the micro level; second, at the sectoral level; and finally, at the macro level. The effect began to be observed in China at the micro, or household level, and will most certainly be observed in the future at the sectoral level. Individuals and families have been bearing both the economic and social costs of the disease, and the poverty of those affected have increased and will further increase substantially. Expenditures for the health sector will increase, for both treatment and prevention interventions. The macro level has been mostly unaffected . But if without effective preventive action, the HIV spread in the general population at large will affect the macro level as have happened in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Media.
Documentaries.
Chinese-American director Ruby Yang has recently made a documentary about AIDS in rural China, which premiered on 14 June 2006, entitled "The Blood of Yingzhou District".
An abridged version of Robert Bilheimer's acclaimed US-made 2003 documentary "A Closer Walk" was shown on China Central Television (CCTV) on World AIDS Day, December 1 (Friday), 2006, and was rerun Sunday and Monday. It was viewed by around 400 million people. The 75-minute-long documentary, narrated by actors Will Smith and Glenn Close, had premiered in the United States in 2003.
External links.
External links


Marc Van Eeghem

Marc Van Eeghem (14 September 1960 – 14 December 2017) was a Belgian actor. Born in Bruges, he had four siblings, including presenter Kurt Van Eeghem. He studied acting at the Studio Herman Teirlinck until 1983.
Van Eeghem died on 14 December 2017, aged 57, from prostate cancer, according to his brother, Kurt. He had been diagnosed seven years earlier and had stopped his chemotherapy in October.


N. Lorraine Beebe

N. Lorraine Beebe ("née" Boekeloo; June 19, 1910 – August 17, 2005) was an American state senator and Michigan state coordinator of the 1980 Anderson for President campaign. She became the third woman in Michigan history to sit on the Michigan Senate after upsetting Democratic nominee Edward J. Robinson for the 12th Senate District seat. However, her advocacy for looser abortion regulations in Michigan caused her to lose her re-election campaign.
Early life.
Beebe was born in Kalamazoo on June 19, 1910. She attended Western Michigan University for her Bachelor of Science degree in physical education before moving to the Detroit area and enrolling at Wayne State University for her Master’s in clinical psychology. After graduation, Beebe worked for the city of Kalamazoo for three years as an assistant city recreation director, and eventually moved to Dearborn, Michigan to accept the position of director of girls' and women's recreational activities.
Career.
While working as a psychology teacher at Henry Ford College, Beebe upset Democratic nominee Edward J. Robinson for the state senate seat from the 12th Senate District. She was the only woman elected to the Michigan Senate and won with 800 more votes than her male counterpart. She subsequently became the third woman in Michigan history to sit on the Senate and the first from the Republican party. After being elected, Beebe served as chairman of the health, social service and retirement committee, vice chairman of the labor committee and a member of the highway committee.
In 1969, Beebe proposed a bill advocating for looser abortion regulations in Michigan. The bill would have legalized abortion of pregnancies "resulting from rape or incest, or which endangered the mother's health, or which seemed likely to result in the birth of a helplessly deformed child." While encouraging her male colleagues to pass an abortion reform bill, she admitted to undergoing a therapeutic abortion. Although the bill failed, her advocacy drew attention from the media and she was covered nationally overnight. However, her advocacy for looser abortion regulations in Michigan ultimately caused her to lose her re-election campaign.
Post-Senate.
After being defeated, Beebe's family was threatened, her house was fire-bombed, and her tires were slashed. She also said that, despite being voted out, she would continue to advocate for lesser abortion restrictions. In 1972, Beebe was elected executive director of the Michigan Consumers Council over acting director Andrew Eiler Jr. She moved to resign from her position two years later, but the council did not immediately accept her resignation. Part of her resignation was due to pressure from the government and press of the ineffectiveness of the council. In the same year, she began her campaign for Secretary of State as a Republican, which she made without consulting the governor or members of the party.
Beebe died on August 17, 2005, and her cremated remains were interred at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Portage.


Dawn Laguens

Dawn Laguens (b. 1964) is the former Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer of Planned Parenthood and the Planned Parenthood Action Fund. She is Vice Chair of LPAC, the LGBTQ+ social justice and women's equality Super PAC. She is Strategic Advisor at Redshift Leadership and the Vaid Group. As of 2019, she is also the Expert-In-Residence at IDEO. Additionally, she is a writer and filmmaker, having served as executive producer of "Across the Line", a virtual reality look at the personal experience of getting access to abortion, that debuted at Sundance in 2016. She has been published in "TIME", "New York Magazine", "The Anchorage Daily News", and on Refinery29, Medium.com, The Daily Beast, Salon.com, and other outlets. She has also appeared on CNN, NPR, CBS, and other media.
Early life.
Laguens grew up in a middle-class family in Louisiana. Lyndon B. Johnson happened to be at her Baptism and held her briefly, a fact to which her family later jokingly attributed her Democratic affiliation. She has stated that she was "always pretty political" and "way more liberal than probably my whole family." Her early activism dates to when she was in third grade; she started a student council due to unfair playground rules that discriminated against the female pupils.
Career.
Laguens was mentored early on by Ron Chisholm of the anti-racist, multicultural organization The People's Institute for Survival and Beyond and Sister Helen Prejean, the Roman Catholic nun who was a leading advocate for the abolition of the death penalty. ( 3:55) During this time, Laguens helped run an organization while she learned on the job. She went on to manage the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism's campaign against Klansman David Duke.
Through late 2010, Laguens ran a Democratic political consulting firm. She also served Planned Parenthood as a brand consultant for ten years before being recruited to serve full-time as Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer, a post she ascended to in January of 2011. She remained with the organization through 2018. During her tenure, she led the organization through numerous programs and initiatives, such as resisting 21 Trump-Pence congressional attacks to defund Planned Parenthood; growing the organization from 2 million to 12 million members; helping develop a period tracker app for the organization; promoting and expanding access to birth control across 50 states; developing the Planned Parenthood Action Fund, the organization's political advocacy branch, and more.
After her departure from Planned Parenthood, Laguens became Strategic Advisor at Redshift Leadership and the Vaid Group and the Expert-In-Residence at IDEO.
Laguens has been a speaker at the Aspen Ideas Festival, Lesbians Who Tech, the BE Conference, and other events.
Personal life.
Laguens is married to Jennifer Treat. The couple has triplet daughters, who were born in 1999.


Leslyn Lewis

Leslyn Lewis is a Canadian lawyer and former political candidate who placed third in the 2020 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election. She was the first visible minority woman to run for the federal Conservative Party leadership. After the leadership election, she sought and was acclaimed the Conservative nomination in Haldimand—Norfolk, and will contest the riding in the next election.
Early life and education.
Raised in East York, Ontario, she emigrated to Canada at age 5 from Jamaica.
Lewis graduated magna cum laude from the University of Toronto (Trinity College), and holds a Master of Environmental Studies from York University with a concentration in Business and Environment from the Schulich School of Business, and a Juris Doctor and PhD in international law from Osgoode Hall Law School at York University.
Career.
Lewis has practised law for 20 years and is the managing partner of Lewis Law, specializing in commercial litigation and international trade practice, with a focus on energy policy, and has hosted her own television show called "Law Matters".
Lewis ran in the 2015 federal election campaign as the Conservative Party candidate for the riding of Scarborough-Rouge Park, after a scandal disrupted the campaign of the previous candidate.
In 2018 she was appointed under Premier Doug Ford to the board of the Ontario Trillium Foundation and was later named to the foundation's committee responsible for dispensing funds for youth programs.
In 2019 she was awarded the Harry Jerome Award for Professional Excellence by the Black Business and Professional Association.
Politics.
2015 federal election.
Lewis began her political career in the riding of Markham-Stouffville, where she was vice president and a primary fundraiser of the Conservative electoral district association while Paul Calandra was Member of Parliament. In 2015, Prime Minister Stephen Harper appointed her as a replacement candidate to run the riding of Scarborough-Rouge Park only a few weeks before the vote after the previous Conservative candidate had been dismissed due to a scandal. An article in the "National Post" referred to Lewis as a “high-quality substitute". She placed second to Liberal candidate Gary Anandasangaree, receiving more than 13,000 votes.
Conservative Party leadership candidate.
In February 2020, Lewis was confirmed as an official leadership contestant for the Conservative Party of Canada, following the resignation of Andrew Scheer as leader in December 2019. Had she been successful, she would have been the first visible minority woman to lead any of the three major federal Canadian parties.
Her platform was socially conservative. While she considers conversion therapy "an atrocious thing", she raised concerns about the Canadian government's proposed ban, citing an unclear definition that risks penalizing conversations with parents or religious leaders. She stated that while she personally defines marriage as between a man and a woman, she would not roll back existing legislation allowing equal marriage in Canada. She has stated that she would like to make marijuana access more restrictive and that she thinks reactions to climate change are overblown "in some respects". She has publicly described herself as "pro-life, no hidden agenda" and as leader would have the Conservative Party move to ban sex-selective abortion and coerced abortion, increase government funding for crisis pregnancy centres (which counsel women against abortion), and she would end foreign aid funding for abortion. Her candidacy has been endorsed by pro-life advocacy groups including the Campaign Life Coalition.
She opposed carbon taxes and supports promoting green technology as an alternative policy.
Despite Lewis leading the second ballot on the popular vote, she was eliminated after placing third in points.
Future candidacy.
On August 25, 2020, Lewis announced that she would be running for a seat in the House of Commons in an undisclosed riding in the next federal election. On September 15, 2020, she formally announced that she would be seeking the Conservative nomination in Haldimand—Norfolk. She was acclaimed as the Conservative candidate in the riding the next month. She will contest the seat in the next general election or, if the Prime Minister calls it before the general election, in a by election.
Recognition.
In May 2019 she was awarded a Harry Jerome Award for Professional Excellence by the Black Business and Professional Association.


Jim Bush

James Stanley Bush (September 15, 1926 – July 10, 2017) was a National Track and Field Hall of Fame track and field coach. He was known primarily for his coaching tenure at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1964 to 1984. During that time, his teams won five NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships (1966, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1978 (tied with UTEP) and he coached 30 Olympians.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he grew up in Bakersfield, California, a 1947 graduate of Kern County Union High School. He went to Bakersfield College for a year, then on to the University of California, where he ran the 440 and high hurdles, graduating in 1951. Bush coached over a span of 43 years. He began at Berkeley High School in 1952 right out of college down the street. After a year, he was hired at Fullerton Union High School where he coached until 1959, when he moved down the street and up the ladder to Fullerton College where he turned the program from worst to first in its conference. His second year, his team won the Southern California and State title. In 1962, he was hired at Occidental College where he beat UCLA three years in a row. When UCLA's legendary coach Ducky Drake retired, Bush was recruited to be his replacement. In addition to the collegiate athletes, he worked with other individual athletes after leaving UCLA. He also was a speed advisor to Los Angeles professional teams including the Dodgers, Kings, Lakers and Raiders. His work with Raiders and their star Marcus Allen earned him a Super Bowl ring. He also has a World Series ring with the LA Dodgers baseball team and an NBA championship ring with the LA Lakers basketball team. He narrowly missed a National Hockey League ring with the LA Kings when they placed second place. In 1991, he returned to collegiate coaching at crosstown rival University of Southern California until he retired in 1994.
Among the athletes he coached in that time were Wayne Collett, John Smith, Benny Brown, Greg Foster, Willie Banks, John Brenner, Andre Phillips, David O. Carter, Arnd Krüger, Roger Johnson, Bob Day, and Quincy Watts. He famously kicked then world record holder Dwight Stones off of his team when Stones wanted to limit his participation to three meets. He was the head coach of the United States team at the 1979 Pan American Games.
He was elected into the TAC (now called the USATF) National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1987. He is also a member of the Fullerton High School, Fullerton College, Kern County, Bakersfield College, Occidental College, UCLA, Mt. SAC Relays and the United States Track Coaches Association Halls of Fame (an organization he was previously president of). The Southern California Association USATF Championship meet is named in his honor, as is the championship award for the 110 metre hurdles at that meet.
Bush died of prostate cancer in Culver City, California on July 10, 2017 at the age of 90.


Benzamidenafil

Benzamidenafil or xanthoanthrafil is a synthetic drug that acts as a PDE5 inhibitor. It has the same mechanism of action as pharmaceutical drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction, but it is not approved by any regulatory agency for such use. It has been found as an undeclared adulterant in supposedly "natural" health supplements. In 2009, the supplement manufacturer Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals recalled its product Stamina-Rx because it was adulterated with benzamidenafil.


Hotter than July (festival)

Hotter Than July! is an annual week-long black LGBT Pride celebration held annually since 1996 in Detroit, Michigan, which includes events each day culminating with a large festival on the final weekend. The Detroit Black Pride Society and KICK partner to produce Hotter Than July.
Activities.
The week of events generally kicks off with a candlelight vigil, followed the next evening by a three-hour party on an excursion along the Detroit River, the "Boat Ride". The later part of the week includes a film festival and The Annual Gathering for LGBT Issues, an educational conference. The week commences with a large festival with live entertainment and music is held over the weekend in Detroit's Palmer Park and draws around 20,000 participants. The night of the festival there is an after-party, and on Sunday, the celebration wraps up with a brunch.
History.
Hotter Than July! began in 1996 as collaboration between numerous LGBT organizations — including the Billionaire Boys Club, Men of Color Motivation Group, Karibu House and Ladies of a Current Affair. The celebration was founded on the seven principals of Kwanzaa. Until 2003, Detroit Black Pride Society co-founder, Johnny Jenkins, served as the event's primary organizer. The event is now produced by the Detroit Black Pride Society and KICK.
In 2013, candidates for Detroit's mayoral race - Krystal Crittendon, Mike Duggan, Fred Durhal, and Jean Vortkamp - attended a special Hotter Than July! community forum. Candidate Benny Napoleon did not attend the forum, but did attend the Palmer Park Festival. Seven years later, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a virtual event was hosted.


Pride Canterbury

Pride Canterbury is since 2016 the LGBTQ+ pride event and parade held each June in Canterbury, Kent in the United Kingdom. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic its fifth annual event planned for 13 June 2020 was rescheduled to 11 September 2021.
Canterbury's Pride Exhibition.
The Canterbury's Pride Exhibition, held at the Beaney House of Art and Knowledge, ran from Saturday 8 August 2020 to Wednesday 09 September 2020. This exhibition showcased the history of Pride Canterbury through exhibits, photographs and film, in addition to information about the Stonewall riots, the origin of Pride parades.
History.
2016–2018.
First launched on 11 June 2016, Pride Canterbury saw over 2,000 people attend. This increased when the second event took place in June 2017. On 9 June 2018 over 16,000 people attend.
From 2016 to 2019, the parade started at The Marlowe Theatre, led by the Lord Mayor of Canterbury and proceeded through the high street up to the Dane John Gardens for the Pride festival.
Events have included speeches from Rosie Duffield in 2017; acts included S Club, and The Vixen both in 2018, "RuPaul’s Drag Race" queens Courtney Act and Willam In 2017.
2019.
In 2019 over 20,000 people attended on 15 June 2019. Acts included among others Gok Wan and Nadine Coyle.


Daniel Kalinaki

Daniel Kalinaki (born 1980) is a Ugandan journalist working with the "Nation Media Group" as General Manager in Uganda in charge of Editorial. He was previously the Managing Editor, Regional Content. He is married with three children.
Background and education.
Kalinaki was born in 1980. For his primary education, he attended Bat Valley Primary School, and Kamuli Boys Boarding Primary and thereafter joined Busoga College Mwiri for his O'Levels. He did his A'levels from Makerere High School and later enrolled at Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication. Later, he obtained a Master of Arts in International Journalism from the City University of London.
Career.
At the age of 18, he joined the "Crusader", a tri-weekly in Uganda. When it closed a year later, he started working at the "Daily Monitor" as a reporter, assistant radio news manager, deputy sports editor, associate editor, foreign news editor, news editor, investigations editor, and managing editor. He is a winner of the Chevening Scholarship, Sports Rookie of the Year, and the inaugural Tebere-Mudin Award for Journalistic excellence. Kalinaki's work has appeared in the "Daily Monitor", "The EastAfrican", the #'New Internationalist", "Africa Confidential", the "Weekly Observer", "MS Magazine", and on the BBC World Service radio. He also teaches journalism part-time at Makerere University. He is a member of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ).
Activism.
In 2000, he co-authored with Glen Williams, Joyce Kadowe, and Noerine Kaleeba "Open Secret: People Living With HIV And Aids In Uganda". This book, which was published by the UK Charity ActionAid, was the first piece of literature to trace the importance of a candid and open approach to help fight social stigma and discrimination towards HIV and AIDS.
Between 2003-2004, Kalinaki and "The Monitor" were taken to court by the Ugandan government to stop the publication of a controversial story alleging that government officials had unduly influenced the constitutional review process.
On 12 August 2009, Kalinaki was again questioned by the Ugandan police for about six hours over the contents of Ugandan President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni’s controversial 15 July letter on politics in the Bunyoro sub-region. Kalinaki, who swore a charge-and-caution statement under pending charges of forgery and uttering a false document, was later released on non-cash bond of UGX:10 million. That case was dismissed for lack of evidence on 7 February 2012. That was the second time in 2009 that Kalinaki had been summoned to the CID to answer questions over stories published by the Daily Monitor Publication Limited. No charges were referred in the earlier case, which followed a story that was critical of the conduct of the operation against the Lord’s Resistance Army.
Kalinaki has written a book "Kizza Besigye and Uganda's Unfinished Revolution". The book examines Kizza Besigye's "ambitions, ideals, aspirations, illusions and delusions". It also outlines how Museveni has repeated the mistakes made by predecessors Idi Amin and Milton Obote. In the book, the author suggests what Ugandans can and should do about it.


Maryland Coalition for Trans Equality

The Maryland Coalition for Trans Equality (MCTE) is a coalition of organizations and individuals working to advance equal rights for transgender, transsexual, and gender non-conforming people in Maryland.
Their stated goal is to achieve this "through shared leadership, decision-making processes, and resources". It is the largest coalition assembled in Maryland whose activities focus on advocacy and education with regard to transgender and gender non-conforming equality issues.
MCTE started on December 8, 2011, when The National Chapter of Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) convened a meeting of Maryland advocates to unite toward passing anti-discrimination protections in Maryland based on an individual's gender identity. During the lead up to the Maryland General Assembly's 90-day 2012 legislative session the coalition member base grew. This included PFLAG National, The Metro DC, Howard county and Baltimore county chapters of PFLAG, Equality Maryland, the National Black Justice Coalition, Baltimore Black Pride, Gender Empowerment Maryland, Pride at Work, TransMaryland, The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Gender Rights Maryland, and the American Civil Liberties Union's Maryland affiliate. In 2012 a bill seeking protections based on gender identity was introduced by request of Gender Rights Maryland. The week of its Senate Hearing, Gender Rights Maryland left the coalition, seeking to go it alone in respect to that year's offering, Maryland Senate Bill 212. The bill failed to receive a committee vote.
Realizing the need to work in coalition for advancement of civil rights concerns, the Maryland Advocates for Gender Identity Protections (as MCTE was known then) set out to hold a series of community forums and listening sessions. Over the summer of 2012, the now newly named Maryland Coalition for Trans Equality held forums in Baltimore City, Montgomery County, Frederick County and Maryland's Eastern Shore. The results of these sessions and interaction with various organizations saw the building of an over 40 member coalition to seek passage of an anti-discrimination bill based on gender identity in Maryland.
In 2013, MCTE was able to secure Maryland Senate sponsorship with Senator Rich Madaleno along with 22 additional co-sponsors. In the Maryland Senate, only 24 votes are needed to secure a majority. Despite this overwhelming chamber support, the bill failed to receive a favorable committee report after a 5-6 vote against such. The one deciding vote was cast by Towson Maryland's senator, Jim Brochin whose district is entirely within Baltimore county, one of only four Maryland jurisdictions currently providing such sought after protections. Senator Brochin received in excess of 1000 constituent contacts to support the bill with only 3 opposing it. Senator Brochin still cast a no vote.
The follow are coalition members as of the end of the 2013 Maryland General Assembly session:
ACLU of Maryland, Advocates for Youth, Baltimore Black Pride, Black Trans Men, Bois of Baltimore, CASA of Maryland, Christ Congregational Church UCC, Equality Maryland, FreeState Legal Project, Gender Education & Advocacy, Inc., Gender Empowerment Maryland (GEM), Hearts and Ears, Hollaback Baltimore, Human Rights Campaign, LGBTQ Humanist Council of Baltimore, Maryland Black Family Alliance, Maryland NOW (National Organization for Women), Metro Area Gender Identity Connection (MAGIC), Metropolitan Community Churches/Global Justice Institute, Montgomery County Young Democrats, NARAL Pro-Choice Maryland, National Black Justice Coalition (NBJC), National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Open Door MCC Church, OutServe – SLDN, PFLAG, Planned Parenthood of Maryland, Pride At Work, Baltimore- Washington Chapter, Progressive Maryland, Trans People of Color Coalition (TPOCC), SEIU 500, SEIU 1199, Trans Maryland, Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry of Maryland, Unitarian Universalists for Social Justice in the National Capital Region, Unity Fellowship Church of Baltimore, Unity Fellowship Church of Columbia, Women's Law Center of Maryland


Henry Peavey

Henry Peavey (March 3, 1882 – December 27, 1931) was the cook and valet of Hollywood silent film director William Desmond Taylor. Peavey worked for Taylor for six months prior to Taylor's murder in 1922.
Employment by Taylor.
Prior to working for William Desmond Taylor, Peavey was employed by the wife of director Christy Cabanne. Peavey was hired by Taylor after he dismissed his previous butler, Edward F. Sands, for forging his signature on checks.
Three days before Taylor's murder, Peavey had been arrested for "social vagrancy" and charged with being "lewd and dissolute". Taylor was scheduled to appear in court on Peavey's behalf on February 2, 1922, but was murdered the day before.
Taylor's death.
Peavey discovered Taylor's body at 7:30 on the morning of February 2, 1922. He was repeatedly questioned by police and reporters for possible leads, but was of little help. Some Hearst reporters suspected that Peavey was withholding information, so they kidnapped him a few weeks after the crime and attempted to scare him into a confession. In a 1930 interview, Peavey expressed the (widely unsupported) opinion that Mabel Normand had been the person who killed Taylor.
Death.
A few months after the Taylor murder, Peavey left Los Angeles and moved to San Francisco. In 1930, he was admitted to the Napa State Hospital with general paresis due to an untreated case of syphilis. He died there of tertiary syphilis on December 27, 1931.


Paula Donovan

Paula Donovan is an American AIDS and women's rights activist. She is the co-executive director with Stephen Lewis of AIDS-Free World, an international advocacy organization that works to promote more urgent and effective global responses to HIV/AIDS. In recognition of her work in HIV/AIDS advocacy, Donovan received the Salem Award for Human Rights and Social Justice in 2005 and an alumni humanitarian award from Fairfield University in 2007.
Donovan is also an advocate for women's rights. She called for the United Nations to create a UN agency for women with financial and political clout. Her efforts and those of others resulted in the UN General Assembly passing a resolution in 2010 which supported a new consolidated body, UN Women – to be headed by an under-secretary-general – to deal with issues concerning women. The resolution merged the UN Development Fund for Women, the Division for the Advancement of Women, the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW).
Donovan previously served as a Senior Advisor in the office of the United Nations Secretary General's Special Envoy for AIDS in Africa and is a 20-year veteran of international development, women's rights and HIV/AIDS. In the early '90s, she worked at UNICEF and ran the global advocacy campaign for breastfeeding. Later, she became chief aide to UNICEF's deputy executive director, and spent four years in Kenya as East and Southern Africa's Regional AIDS advisor for UNICEF.
Education.
Donovan earned both her Bachelor of Arts in English in 1977 and Masters in corporate and political communications in 1988 from Fairfield University.


Hudson Pride Connections Center

Hudson Pride Connections Center is a community services center serving the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, as well as all people living with HIV/AIDS in north eastern New Jersey.
History.
The organization was established in 1993 to serve as an advocate for both the LGBT and HIV/AIDS communities in Hudson County, New Jersey.
Community center.
Established in 2007, the organization's community center is located in the Journal Square area of Jersey City at 32 Jones Street, in a refurbished three story historic home from the late 19th century.
The community center also houses the "Anthony Salandra Memorial Library for LGBT and HIV Resources" which feature online access to the catalog, lending access for members, extensive resources including historical archives, first editions, and autographed copies, as well as music archives, DVD and film archives, and a comic book / graphic novel library and the "David Bohnett CyberCenter" which included a public computer lab, free WiFi access, and computer learning.
The center has also been used to shoot scenes in several film projects including "Finding Me" and "Interrogation Room 109".


Rosetta A. Ferguson

Rosetta A. Ferguson (July 1, 1920November 18, 2015) was a Michigan politician.
Early life.
Ferguson was born on July 1, 1920 in Florence, Mississippi to parents Gaberil Sexton and Earnie Sexton.
Education.
Ferguson attended public schools in New Orleans and Detroit. Ferguson later attended Detroit Institute of Technology.
Career.
In 1961, Ferguson was a candidate in primary for the position of delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Wayne County 5th district. On November 4, 1964, Ferguson was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where she represented the 9th district from January 13, 1965 to 1972. On November 7, 1972, Ferguson was again elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where she represented the 20th district from January 10, 1973 to 1978. Ferguson pushed for more coverage of ethnic history in textbooks. Ferguson was known for her opposition to drugs, especially marijuana legalization, and abortion. In an incident in 1977, on the House floor, Ferguson threw a glass ashtray at state representative Perry Bullard, which hit him in the head.
Personal life.
Ferguson got married in 1935 and had four children. Ferguson was a member of the NAACP. Ferguson was Baptist.
Death.
Ferguson died on November 18, 2015. Ferguson was buried in Florence, Mississippi.


Eric Keroack

Dr. Eric J. Keroack (1960 – April 4, 2008) was an American Obstetrician-Gynecologist. He worked briefly in a pregnancy-related program at the United States Department of Health and Human Services during 2006–2007.
Education.
Keroack was a graduate of Amherst College. He received his doctorate of medicine in 1986 from Tufts University where he was a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society and later Resident of the Year (1993). He was a Fellow of the American College of Obstetrician Gynecologists [(FACOG)], and a clinician with nearly two decades of experience serving women from diverse racial and socio-economic backgrounds.
Career.
Keroack was the medical director of A Woman's Concern, a Christian nonprofit organization based in Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts. It runs six centers in the state that offer free pregnancy testing, ultrasounds and counseling and works to "help women escape the temptation and violence of abortion." Its crisis pregnancy centers do not sell abortion services and do not prescribe or distribute birth control.
In late 2006, he was named as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Population Affairs at the Department of Health and Human Services, the office that oversees federally funded teenage pregnancy, family planning, and abstinence programs. The nomination of Keroack, an anti-contraceptive advocate, to a position responsible for ensuring low-income women get access to birth control was controversial. Critics cited Keroack's opposition to legalized abortion without noting that the doctor had himself once performed abortions and provided abortifacients before later reversing his stance on legalized abortion, as did (among others) Bernard Nathanson, MD, an early founder of the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). Cf. Nathanson, Bernard. Aborting America. Double Day. Garden City, NY: 1979. . Supporters interviewed by Boston Globe writers Ala Wirzbicki and Bryan Bender noted Keroack's medical acumen and highly relevant experience serving pregnant and parenting women in Boston's inner city: Cf. "Critics protest health post pick: President resolute; Mass. physician's theories criticized. By staff writers Alan Wirzbicki and Bryan Bender, The Boston Globe, November 18, 2006.
The Massachusetts native had attracted controversy before, after making the claim that sex with multiple partners hurts women's ability to bond by altering their brain chemistry. He said that premarital sex suppresses the hormone oxytocin, thereby impairing people's ability to forge successful long-term relationships. Additional research in the decade following Keroack's HHS appointment increasingly supports his view.
In January 2007, Keroack received "two formal warnings from the Massachusetts board of medicine ordering him to refrain from prescribing drugs to people who are not his patients and from providing mental health counseling without proper training." In March 2007 Keroack resigned his position at HHS.
Death.
Keroack died in 2008, leaving behind his daughter, elderly parents, and 5 siblings, four of whom are also physicians.