EXPLOSIONS***


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TORPEDO WAR, AND SUBMARINE EXPLOSIONS.


by

ROBERT FULTON

Fellow of the American Philosophical Society,
and of the
United States Military and Philosophical Society.


   The Liberty of the Sea will be the Happiness of the Earth.







New-York:
Printed by William Elliot, 114 Water-Street.
1810

New York
Reprinted
William Abbatt
1914

Being Extra No. 35 of The Magazine of History with Notes and Queries




CONTENTS


                                                                  Page
  TORPEDO WAR, &c.                                                   5
    PLATE I                                                          7
    PLATE II                                                        10
    PLATE III                                                       13
    PLATE IV, Fig. 1                                                15
              Fig. 2                                                17
    PLATE V,  Fig. 1 & 2                                            17
              Fig. 3                                                20

  THOUGHTS -- On the probable effect of this invention              20
    Estimate of the Force to Attack so Formidable a Blockade Fleet  32
    Manner of Arranging the Boats Until Wanted                      33
    First Mode of Attack                                            35
    Second Mode of Attack                                           36

  ON -- the imaginary inhumanity of Torpedo war                     40

  A VIEW -- of the political economy of this invention              43




EDITOR'S PREFACE


In view of the prominent part played in the present World War by
torpedoes and submarines, the subject of our Extra No. 35 is
peculiarly timely.

The original of 1810 is very scarce, only one copy having been sold
at auction in many years: nor are copies to be found in any but a few
of our libraries. Fulton's claims for his invention have been fully
substantiated and some of his predictions, made more than a century
ago, are remarkably interesting, in view of the events of the past
five months. His estimate of our population in 1920 has already been
exceeded in fact, and only his plan of affixing torpedoes to their
prey by means of harpoons seems--for it was made in the days of wooden
ships--fantastic, in these days of iron clads. He could not foresee that
almost exactly a century would elapse before his invention would be
extensively used--though he cautiously says "it is impossible to foresee
to what degree torpedoes may be improved and rendered useful."

In the Joline collection of autograph letters, sold this month, was an
extremely interesting letter of Fulton's, addressed to Gen. William
Duane. A part reads:

                                                 "New York, March 1, 1813

  I am happy to find you continue the firm friend to torpedoes; an
  infant art which requires only support and practice to produce a
  change in Maritime affairs of immence (_sic_) importance to this
  country. Expecting the enemy here, I have not been idle, I have
  prepared 9 torpedoes with locks that strike fire by concussion, and
  four with clockwork locks."

The letter is of great interest throughout, and tells of his plans for
blowing up the enemy or driving them from New York waters, his regret
that he had not enough torpedoes for the Chesapeake; and contains a list
of the cost of various sorts, &c.

We regret that we could not secure permission to copy the whole of it.




TORPEDO WAR, &c.


  _To JAMES MADISON, Esq. President of the United States, and to the
    Members of both Houses of Congress._

Gentlemen,

In January last, at Kalorama, the residence of my friend Joel Barlow,
I had the pleasure of exhibiting to Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison, and a
party of gentlemen from the senate and house of representatives, some
experiments and details on Torpedo defence and attack; the favourable
impression which the experiments appeared to make on the minds of the
gentlemen then present; and my conviction that this invention, improved
and practised to the perfection which it is capable of receiving, will be
of the first importance to our country, has induced me to present you in
the form of a pamphlet a description of my system, with five engravings,
and such demonstrations as will give each of you an opportunity to
contemplate its efficacy and utility at your leisure; and enable you to
form a correct judgment on the propriety of adopting it as a part of our
means of national defence. It being my intention to publish hereafter
a detailed account of the origin and progress of this invention, and
the embarrassments under which I have laboured to bring it to its
present state of certain utility; I will now state only such experiments
and facts as are most important to be known, and which, proving the
practicability of destroying ships of war by this means, will lead the
mind to all the advantages which we may derive from it. I believe it
is generally known that I endeavoured for many years to get torpedoes
introduced into practice in France, and in England; which, though
unsuccessful, gave me the opportunity of making numerous very interesting
experiments on a large scale; by which I discovered errors in the
combinations of the machinery and method of fixing the torpedoes to a
ship; which errors in the machinery have been corrected: and I believe I
have found means of attaching the torpedoes to a vessel which will seldom
fail of success. It is the result of my experience which I now submit
to your consideration; and hoping that you will feel an interest in the
success of my invention, I beg for your deliberate perusal and reflection
on the following few pages. Gentlemen who have traced the progress of
the useful arts, know the years of toil and experiment,