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|DISCLAIMER                                                              |
|                                                                        |
|The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers|
|Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are |
|not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers       |
|Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is  |
|intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not|
|mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may   |
|have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide|
|applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current     |
|label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion  |
|of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut   |
|trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular   |
|time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere.      |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+




NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING

WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER 8 AND 9, 1916.

PRESS OF The Advertiser-republican, ANNAPOLIS, MD.




CONTENTS

                                                                    PAGE

   Officers and Committees of the Association                          4
   Members of the Association                                          5

   Constitution and By-Laws                                           10

   Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting                          13

   Report of the Secretary-Treasurer                                  14

   Notes on the Chinquapins, Dr. Robert T. Morris, New York           15

   The Black Walnut, T. P. Littlepage, Washington, D. C.              25

   Discussion on the Almond                                           33

   Discussion on the Hazel                                            37

   The Chestnut Bark Disease, Dr. Haven Metcalf, Washington, D. C.    41

   Discussion on Quarantine for Chestnut Nursery Stock                49

   Hybrids and Other New Chestnuts for Blight Districts, Dr. Walter
     Van Fleet, Washington, D. C.                                     54

   President's Address, Dr. J. Russell Smith, Roundhill, Va.          58

   Diseases of the Persian Walnut, S. M. McMurran, Washington, D. C.  67

   Discussion on Winter Killing                                       72

   Address of Col. C. A. Van Duzee, Cairo, Georgia                    75

   Resolutions on Chestnut Blight Quarantine                          80

   Resolution on Investigations in Nut Tree Propagation               84

   Discussion on the Growth and Fruiting of Pecans in the North       86

   Top Working Pecans on Other Hickories                              91

   Appendix:

   Letter from W. C. Reed, Vice-President                             98

   The Food Value of Nuts, Dr. J. H. Kellogg, Battle Creek, Mich.    101

   Letter from J. C. Cooper, McMinnville, Oregon                     114

   List of those present at the meeting                              117




OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION

   _President_                W. C. REED            Vincennes, Indiana
   _Vice-President_           W. N. HUTT       Raleigh, North Carolina
   _Secretary and Treasurer_  W. C. DEMING     Georgetown, Connecticut


COMMITTEES

   _Auditing_--C. P. CLOSE, C. A. REED
   _Executive_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, J. RUSSELL SMITH AND THE OFFICERS
   _Finance_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, WILLARD G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING
   _Hybrids_--R. T. MORRIS, C. P. CLOSE, W. C. DEMING, J. G. RUSH
   _Membership_--HARRY R. WEBER, R. T. OLCOTT, F. N. FAGAN, W. O. POTTER,
      W. C. DEMING, WENDELL P. WILLIAMS, J. RUSSELL SMITH
   _Nomenclature_--C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, R. L. MCCOY, J. F. JONES
   _Press and Publication_--RALPH T. OLCOTT, J. RUSSELL SMITH,
      W. C. DEMING
   _Programme_--W. C. DEMING, J. RUSSELL SMITH, C. A. REED, W. N. HUTT,
      R. T. MORRIS
   _Promising Seedlings_--C. A. REED, J. F. JONES, PAUL WHITE


STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS

   California      T. C. Tucker          311 California St., San Francisco
   Canada          G. H. Corsan          63 Avenue Road, Toronto
   Connecticut     Charles H. Plump      West Redding
   Delaware        E. R. Angst           527 Dupont Building, Wilmington
   Georgia         J. B. Wight           Cairo
   Illinois        H. A. Riehl           Alton
   Indiana         J. F. Wilkinson       Rockport
   Iowa            Wendell P. Williams   Danville
   Kentucky        A. L. Moseley         Calhoun
   Maryland        C. P. Close           College Park
   Massachusetts   James II. Bowditch    903 Tremont Building, Boston
   Michigan.       Miss Maude M. Jessup  440 Thomas St., Grand Rapids
   Minnesota       L. L. Powers          1018 Hudson Ave., St. Paul
   Missouri        P. C. Stark           Louisiana
   New Jersey      C. S. Ridgway         Lumberton
   New York        M. E. Wile            37 Calumet St., Rochester
   North Carolina  W. N. Hutt            Raleigh
   Ohio            Harry R. Weber        601 Gerke Building, Cincinnati
   Pennsylvania    J. G. Rush            West Willow
   Texas           R. S. Trumbull        M. S. R. R. Co., El Paso
   Virginia        John S. Parish        Eastham
   Washington      A. E. Baldwin         Kettle Falls
   West Virginia   B. F. Hartzell        Shepherdstown




MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

  CALIFORNIA
  Dawson, L. H., Llano
  Johnson, Chet, R. D. 1, Biggs
  Tucker, T. C., Manager California Almond Growers' Exchange,
    311 California St., San Francisco

  CANADA
  Corsan, G. H., University of Toronto
  Dufresne, Dr. A. A., 1872 Cartier St., Montreal
  Sager, Dr. D. S., Brantford

  CONNECTICUT
  Barnes, John R., Yalesville
  Deming, Dr. W. C., Georgetown
  Deming, Mrs. W. C., Georgetown.
  Goodwin, James L., Box 447, Hartford
  Hungerford, Newman, Torrington, R. 2, Box 76, for circulars, Box 1082,
    Hartford, for letters
  Ives, Ernest M., Sterling Orchards, Meriden
  Lay, Charles Downing, Wellesmere, Stratford
  Lewis, Henry Leroy, Stratford
  Mikkelsen, Mrs. M. A., Georgetown
 *Morris, Dr. Robert T., Cos Cob, R. 28, Box 95
  Plump, Charles II., West Redding
  Sessions, Albert L., Bristol
  Staunton, Gray, R. D. 30, Stamford
  White, Gerrard, North Granby
  Williams, W. W., Milldale

  DELAWARE
  Augst, E. R., 527 DuPont Building, Wilmington, Del.
  Lord, George Frank, care of DuPont Powder Company, Wilmington

  DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
  Close, Prof. C. P., Pomologist, Department of Agriculture, Washington
  Goddard, R. H., States' Relations Service, Washington
 *Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Building, Washington
  Reed, C. A., Nut Culturist, Department of Agriculture, Washington

  GEORGIA
  Bullard, Wm. P., Albany
  Van Duzee, C. A., Judson Orchard Farm, Cairo
  Wight, J. B., Cairo

  ILLINOIS
  Casper, O. II., Anna
  Poll, Carl J, 1009 Maple St., Danville
  Potter, Hon. W. O., Marion
  Riehl, E. A., Alton

  INDIANA
  Hutchings, Miss Lida G., 118 Third St., Madison
  Lukens, Mrs. B., Anderson
  Reed, M. P., Vincennes
  Reed, W. C, Vincennes
  Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport
  Woolbright, Clarence, R. D. 3, Elnora

  IOWA
  Snyder, D. C., Center Point
  Williams, Wendell P., Danville

  KENTUCKY
  Matthews, Prof. C. W., Horticulturist, State Agricultural Station,
    Lexington
  Moseley, A. L., Bank of Calhoun, Calhoun

  MARYLAND
  Campbell, George D., Lonaconing
  Darby, R. U., Suite 804, Continental Building, Baltimore
  Hayden, Chas. S., 200 E. Lexington St., Baltimore
  Keenan, Dr. John N., Brentwood
  King, W. J., 232 Prince George St., Annapolis
  Kyner, James H., Bladensburg
  Littlepage, Miss Louise, Bowie
  Murray, Miss Annie C., Cumberstone
  Stabler, Henry, Hancock
  White, Paul, Bowie

  MASSACHUSETTS
 *Bowditch, James II., 903 Tremont Building, Boston
  Cleaver, C. Leroy, Hingham Center
  Cole, Mrs. George B., 15 Mystic Ave., Winchester
  Hoffman, Bernhard, Overbrook Orchard, Stockbridge
  Smith, Fred A., 39 Pine St., Danvers
  Vaughan, Horace A., Peacehaven, Assonet
  White, Warren, Holliston

  MICHIGAN
  Copland, Alexander W., Strawberry Hill Farm, Birmingham
  Jessup, Miss Maud M., 440 Thomas St., Grand Rapids
  Johnson, Franklin, Munising
  Kellogg, J. H., Battle Creek
  Staunton, Gray, Muskegon, Box 233

  MINNESOTA
  Powers, L. L., 1018 Hudson Ave., St. Paul

  MISSOURI
  Bauman, X. C., Ste. Genevieve
  Darche, J. H., Parkville
  Funston, E. S., 1521 Morgan St., St. Louis
  Phelps, Howe, Pine Hurst Dairy, Carthage
  Stark, P. C., Louisiana (Mo.)

  NEBRASKA
  Kurtz, John W., 5304 Bedford St., Omaha

  NEW JERSEY
  Black, Walter C., of Jos. H. Black, Son & Co., Hightstown
  Childs, Fred., Morristown, R. D. 2
  Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly St., Jersey City Heights
  Lovett, J. T., Little Silver
  Marston, Edwin S., Florham Park, Box 72
  Mechling, Edward A., Wonderland Farm, Moorestown
  Ridgeway, C. S. Floralia, Lumberton, N. J.
  Roberts, Horace, Moorestown
  Young, Frederick C., Palmyra, Box 335

  NEW YORK
  Abbott, Frederick B., 419 Ninth St., Brooklyn
  Atwater, C. G., The Barrett Co., 17 Battery Place, New York City
  Baker, Dr. Hugh P., Dean of State College of Forestry, Syracuse
  Baker, Prof. J. Fred, Director of Forest Investigations, State College
    of Forestry, Syracuse
  Baker, Wm. A., North Rose
  Bixby, Willard G., 46th St. and 2nd Ave., Brooklyn
  Brown, Ronald J., 320 Broadway, New York City
  Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester
  Fullerton, H. B., Director Long Island Railroad Experiment Station,
    Medford, L. I.
  Haywood, Albert, Flushing
  Hickox, Ralph, 3832 White Plains Ave., New York City
  Holden, E. B., Hilton
 *Huntington, A. M., 15 W. 81st St., New York City
  Jackson, Dr. James H., Dansville
  Loomis, C. B., East Greenbush
  Miller, Milton R., Batavia, Box 394
  Morse, Geo. A., Fruit Acres, Williamson, N. Y.
  Nelson, Dr. James Robert, 23 Main St., Kingston-on-Hudson
  Olcott, Ralph T., Ellwanger & Barry Building, Rochester
  Palmer, A. C., New York Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson
  Pannell, W. B., Pittsford
  Pomeroy, A. C., Lockport
  Rice, Mrs. Lillian McKee, Adelano, Pawling
  Simmons, A. L., State Highway Department, Albany
  Stuart, C. W., Newark
  Teele, A. W., 30 Broad St., New York City
  Teter, Walter C., 10 Wall St., New York City
  Thomson, Adelbert, East Avon
  Tuckerman, Bayard, 118 E. 37th St., New York City
  Ulman, Dr. Ira, 213 W. 147th St., New York City
  Wile, M. E., 37 Calumet St., Rochester
  Williams, Dr. Charles Mallory, 48 E. 49th St., New York City
 *Wissman, Mrs. F. de R., Westchester, New York City

  NORTH CAROLINA
  Glover, J. Wheeler, Morehead City
  Hutt, Prof. W. N., State Horticulturist, Raleigh
  Van Lindley, J., J. Van Lindley Nursery Company, Pomona
  Whitfield, Dr. Wm. Cobb, Grifton

  OHIO
  Dayton, J. H., Storrs & Harrison Company, Painesville
  Evans, Miss Myrta L., Briallen Farm, Oak Hill, Jackson County
  Miller, H. A., Gypsum
  Thorne, Charles E., Wooster, Agric. Exp. Sta.
  Weber, Harry E., 601 Gerke Building, Cincinnati
  Yunck, E. G., 710 Central Ave., Sandusky

  PENNSYLVANIA
  Druckemiller, W. C., Sunbury
  Fagan, Prof. P. N., Department of Horticulture, State College
  Grubbs, H. L., Fairview, R. 1
  Hall, Robt. W., 133 Church St., Bethlehem
  Harshman, U. W., Waynesboro
  Heffner, H., Highland Chestnut Grove, Leeper
  Hile, Anthony, Curwensville National Bank, Curwensville
  Hoopes, Wilmer W., Hoopes Brothers and Thomas Company, Westchester
  Hutchinson, Mahlon, Ashwood Farm, Devon, Chester County
  Jenkins, Charles Francis, Farm Journal, Philadelphia
 *Jones, J. P., Lancaster, Box 527
  Kaufman, M. M., Clarion
  Leas, F. C., 882 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Mountain Brook Orchard
    Company, Salem, Va.
  Middleton, Fenton H., 1118 Chestnut St., Philadelphia
  Murphy, P. J., Vice-President L. & W. R. R. R. Company, Scranton
  O'Neill, Wm. C., 1328 Walnut St., Philadelphia
  Rheam, J. F., 45 N. Walnut St., Lewistown
  Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Sq., Reading
  Rife, Jacob A., Camp Hill
  Rush, J. G., West Willow
 *Sober, Col. C. K., Lewisburg
  Thomas, Joseph W., Jos. W. Thomas & Sons, King of Prussia P. O.
  Weaver, Wm. S., McCungie
  Webster, Mrs. Edmund, 1324 S. Broad St., Philadelphia
 *Wister, John C, Wister St. and Clarkson Ave., Germantown
  Wright, R. P., 235 W. 6th St., Erie

  SOUTH CAROLINA
  Shanklin, Prof. A. G., Clemson College

  TENNESSEE
  Marr, Thomas S., 701 Stahlman Building, Nashville

  TEXAS
  Burkett, J. H., Nut Specialist, State Dept, of Agric., Clyde
  Trumbull, R. S., Agricultural Agent, El Paso & S. W. System, Morenci
    Southern Railroad Company, El Paso

  VIRGINIA
  Crockett, E. B., Monroe
  Engleby, Thos. L., 1002 Patterson Ave., Roanoke
  Lee, Lawrence R., Leesburg
  Miller, L. O., Miller & Rhodes, Richmond
  Parish, John S., Eastham, Albemarle County
  Shackford, Theodore B., care of Adams Brothers-Paynes Company, Lynchburg
  Smith, Dr. J. Russell, Roundhill

  WASHINGTON
  Baldwin, Dr. A. E., Kettle Falls
  Rogers, Dr. Albert, Okanogan

  WEST VIRGINIA
  Hartzell, B. F., Shepherdstown

    * Life member.




CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I

_Name._ This society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION.

ARTICLE II

_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing
plants, their products and their culture.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who
desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence
or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on
membership.

ARTICLE IV

_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president and a
secretary-treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual
meeting; and an executive committee of five persons, of which the
president, two last retiring presidents, vice-president and
secretary-treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state
vice-president from each state, dependency or country represented in the
membership of the association, who shall be appointed by the president.

ARTICLE V

_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at
the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the
following year.

ARTICLE VI

_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected
by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made
at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time
for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may
seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.

ARTICLE VII

_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but
must include a majority of the executive committee or two of the three
elected officers.

ARTICLE VIII

_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of
the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment
having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the
proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member
thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.




BY-LAWS

ARTICLE I

_Committees._ The association shall appoint standing committees as
follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and
publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, and an
auditing committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations
to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member.

ARTICLE II

_Fees._ The fees shall be of two kinds, annual and life. The former
shall be two dollars, the latter twenty dollars.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin with the first day of
the calendar quarter following the date of joining the association.

ARTICLE IV

_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members
present at any annual meeting.




Northern Nut Growers Association

SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING

SEPTEMBER 8 AND 9, 1916

WASHINGTON, D. C.


The seventh annual meeting of the Northern Nut Growers Association was
called to order in rooms 42-43 of the new building of the National
Museum at Washington, D. C., on Friday, September 8th, at 10 a. m., the
president, Dr. J. Russell Smith, presiding.

THE PRESIDENT: It is often customary to start meetings of this sort with
a considerable amount of eloquence, such as an address of welcome by
some high city or state official, a response to the address of welcome
by some one else high in authority, and so on, during which the visitors
are told of the many privileges they may enjoy, "the keys of the town"
are handed over to them, and a good deal of high-flown oratory is
indulged in. We suppose that the people in attendance at this meeting
are so well acquainted with Washington that those preliminaries are
unnecessary, and I have been informed by the members of the local
committee that we can dispense with the frills in this case and proceed
with the business of the meeting, which we think is going to rather
crowd our time if we get said all that we want to say. We are going to
devote this morning's programme first to a paper by Dr. Robert T. Morris
on the chinquapin, and then to the discussion of a comparatively newly
considered member of our nut family, namely, the American black walnut.
We have been heretofore much interested in sundry exotics and talking
far too little about this great tree nearer home.

Before taking up the technical programme we have a few matters of
business to put through. First, we will have the report of the secretary
and treasurer.




   REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-TREASURER

   Balance on hand date of last report                    $ 140.24
   Receipts:
       Dues                                                 292.75
       Advertisements                                        21.00
       Contributions                                          5.50
       Sale of report                                        34.75
       Contributions for prizes                              10.00
       Miscellaneous                                          .65
                                                           -------
                                                                   $504.89

   Expenses:
       Printing report                                   $  142.56
       Envelopes for report                                   9.00
       Miscellaneous printing                                32.50
       Postage and stationery                                49.26
       Stenographer                                          26.35
       Express and freight                                    2.77
       Prizes                                                18.00
       Checks, J. R. S. expenses and circulars              180.00
       Lantern operator                                       3.00
       Litchfield Savings Society                            20.00
                                                           -------
                                                                   $483.44
                                                                   -------
       Balance on hand                                              $21.45

Receipts from all sources, except sale of reports, have fallen off
markedly, as have new members, 31 less than last year, though we have
now 154 paid up members, one more than last year. 10 members have
resigned and 42 have been dropped for non-payment of dues. We have lost
one member by death, Herbert R. Orr, of Washington.

The committees on membership and on finance should be more active.

Our annual report constitutes the minutes of the last meeting. Our nut
contest and other matters of interest have been reported through the
columns of the American Nut Journal, our official organ.

[Accepted.]

THE PRESIDENT: Next in order of business is the first step toward the
election of officers for the ensuing year. It is our custom to have a
nominating committee elected at an early session. They deliberate and
bring forward a slate which is voted on at a later session. This morning
is a suitable time for the election of a committee, and tomorrow morning
will be a suitable time for their report. Are there any nominations for
the Nominating Committee?

MR. M. P. REED: Mr. President, I move that Dr. Morris, Mr. C. P. Close,
Mr. C. A. Reed, Prof. Stabler and Dr. Ira Ulman be appointed as the
Nominating Committee.

THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other nominations?

MR. C. A. REED: Mr. President, I would like to ask that Mr. Littlepage's
name replace my name on that committee.

THE PRESIDENT: Will the nominating member accept that amendment?

MR. M. P. REED: Yes, sir.

THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other nominations? Do I hear a second to
the nominations?

A MEMBER: Second it.

[Carried.]

THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other committees to report at this time?

THE SECRETARY: There is a Committee on Incorporation.

MR. T. P. LITTLEPAGE: Mr. President, the Committee on Incorporation has
done some investigating as to the desirability of incorporating the
Association, and also, if desirable, under what laws, but that committee
has not yet made any final report nor come to any final conclusion, and
I would suggest, as a member of the committee, that the committee be
continued and instructed to report the following year.

THE PRESIDENT: I think that it is unnecessary to vote on the continuance
of the committee, as it was appointed with indefinite tenure. We will
proceed with the programme and first have the pleasure of listening to
Dr. Morris.




NOTES ON THE CHINQUAPINS.

DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, NEW YORK

According to Sargent the chinquapin (_Castanea pumila_) occupies dry
sandy ridges, rich hillsides and the borders of swamps from southern
Pennsylvania to northern Florida and the valley of the Neches River in
Texas. He states that this chestnut is usually shrubby in the region
east of the Alleghany Mountains, and assuming the tree form west of the
Mississippi River. Most abundant and of largest size in southern
Arkansas and eastern Texas.

Curiously enough there are chinquapins also in northeastern Asia which
occur as understudies of the larger chestnuts, very much as they do in
America.

The indigenous range of the chinquapin in America is limited northward
by a plan of nature for checking distribution of the species. This plan
is manifested in a habit which the nuts have of sprouting immediately
upon falling in the early autumn. They proceed busily to make a tap root
which may become several inches in length before frost calls a halt. In
the north where the warm season is not long enough to allow the autumn
sprout to lignify sufficiently for bearing the rigors of winter it is
killed. If we protect the small autumn plants, or if we transplant older
seedlings from their natural habitat, they may be grown easily far north
of their indigenous range. Thrifty chinquapins are happy in the Arnold
Arboretum at Jamaica Plain in Massachusetts, and no one knows but they
might be cultivated in Nova Scotia and Minnesota.

The American chinquapin is one of the many beautiful and valuable plants
which have not as yet been taken up by horticulturists for extensive
development. It promises to become one of our important sources of food
supply for tomorrow. If we were to develop all of our plant resources at
once it would be an unkindness to the horticulturists of two thousand
years from now, who would be left moping around with nothing to do.
Chinquapin nuts borne in heavy profusion by the plants are delicious in
quality, but usually too small to attract customers aside from the wood
folk. The wood of the chinquapin of tree form (_C. pumila var.
arboriformis_) is valuable for purposes to which wood of the common
American chestnut is put, and some of the tree chinquapins acquire an
earned increment of two or three feet diameter of trunk, and a height of
more than fifty feet. The bush chinquapin on the other hand feels rather
exclusive when attaining a height of as much as fifteen feet.

I present for inspection a freshly cut branch from an ordinary bush
chinquapin, loaded with burs, indicating the prolific nature of the
variety. The nuts in this particular specimen are small. The next branch
exhibited is from a similar bush, but with nuts quite as large as those
of the average common chestnut. The horticulturist has only to graft or
bud his ordinary run of chinquapin stocks from some one bush which bears
large nuts, and he will then have a valuable graded market product. The
larger the nut the less prolific the plant is a rule which holds good
with the fruiting of almost any plant.

Look at this branch from a tree chinquapin. It is not remarkable in any
way, but the leaves seem to be a little larger than those of the bush
chinquapin. My tree chinquapins came from Stark's nursery in Missouri.
The first two which came into bearing had nuts quite as large as those
of the common chestnut and I imagined that a discovery of value had been
made, but other trees of this variety later bore very small nuts, and
all of the tree chinquapin nuts, large and small, were much duller in
color than those of the bush chinquapin. My final conclusion is that so
far as nuts alone are concerned we may plant and cultivate either the
tree variety or the bush variety of the species and then bud or graft
any number of stocks from some one plant which bears the best product.

DR. AUGUSTUS STABLER: Is it a somewhat finer grained wood than the
ordinary chestnut?

DR. MORRIS: I think it is. All the chestnuts have rather coarse wood. It
is strong, hard, durable, and valuable. This chinquapin wood is somewhat
coarse grained, but, for comparison with the American chestnut, I don't
know. I imagine it is finer grained.

DR. AUGUSTUS STABLER: I know that the chinquapin wood is very much
tougher than the American chestnut.

DR. MORRIS: Oh, yes. You cannot break the branches so easily.

Here is a branch from a hybrid between a chinquapin and a common
American chestnut (_Castanea dentata_). The leaves and bark, you will
observe, are very much like those of the larger parent. The burs are
borne singly or in small groups like those of the common chestnut,
instead of being crowded in dense clusters like chinquapin burs. There
are two or three nuts to the bur, while the chinquapin has normally, but
one nut to the bur. This particular hybrid tree showed an interesting
peculiarity. During the first two seasons of bearing it had but one nut
to the bur, and this was of chinquapin character. In the third year its
nuts were still borne singly, but they were lighter in color than before
and oddly corrugated at the base. As the tree became older its chestnut
parentage influence pre-dominated, and the tree began to bear two or
three nuts to the bur, and more like chestnuts in character, becoming
smooth again at the base.

I have a number of hybrids between chinquapins and various species and
varieties of other chestnuts, but none of these as yet has produced nuts
of marked value. There seems to be a tendency for the coarseness of the
larger nuts to prevail in the hybrids, a certain loss of gentility
beneath a showy exterior.

The next branch which I present for inspection is from a most beautiful
member of the chestnut family, the alder-leaved chestnut (_Castanea
alnifolia_). It is classed among the chinquapins in Georgia where the
plant is nearly if not quite evergreen. At Stamford it is deciduous very
late in the autumn, but sometimes a green leaf will be found in
February, where snow or dead leaves on the ground have furnished a
protecting covering. The notable value of this species is perhaps in its
decorative character for lawns, although the nuts are first rate. The
dark green brilliant leaves are striking in appearance, and the shrub is
inclined toward a trailing habit, much like that of some of the
junipers. This species is one of my pets at Merribrooke, and a perennial
source of wonder that nurserymen have not as yet pounced upon it for
purposes of exaggeration and misstatement in their annual catalogues.

All of these specimens shown today are from my country place at
Stam