



Produced by Jane Robins, Reiner Ruf, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)






 ######################################################################

                          Transcriber’s Notes

This e-text is based on ‘Cassell’s Natural History, Vol. I,’ from 1896.
Inconsistent and uncommon spelling and hyphenation have been retained;
punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected.

In the original book, Chapter XI of the order ‘Quadrumana’ (page 185)
had been erroneously named ‘Chapter IX.’ The correct sequence of
chapter numbers has been restored.

In the List of Illustrations, some image titles do not match the
illustrations presented in the text. The following titles have been
changed:

    ‘The Green and RedMonkeys’ --> ‘The Gorilla’ (facing page 111)
    ‘The Sacred Baboon’ --> ‘The Chimpanzee’ (facing page 137)
    ‘A Group of Lemuroids’ --> ‘Anubis Baboon’ (facing page 211)

The list item ‘Hand of the Spider Monkey’ has been added by the
transcriber.

The printed book shows some references to numbered ‘Plates’ (full-page
images). This numbering scheme seems to originate from an earlier
edition. Even though the present edition shows no image numbers, all
original references have been retained.

Special characters have been used to highlight the following font
styles:

    italic:       _underscores_
    larger font:  +plus signs+

Small capitals have been converted to UPPERCASE LETTERS.

 ######################################################################




[Illustration: ORANG-UTAN AND CHIMPANZEES IN THE BERLIN AQUARIUM.

(_From an Original Drawing._)]




[Illustration:

    CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LITH. LONDON.

BIRDS.

    1. Gould’s Humming Bird (_Ornismya gouldii_).
    2. Kingfisher. (_Alcedo ispida_).
    3. Arctic Tern (_Sterna hirundo_).
    4. White-bellied Swift (_Cypselus melba_).
    5. Smew (_Mercus albellus_).
    6. Penguin (_Pygoscelis tæniata_).
    7. The Amazon Parrot (_Chrysotis_).
    8. Heron (_Ardea cinerea_).
    9. Eared Owl (_Asio otus_).
    10. White-tailed Eagle (_Haliaëtus albicilla_).
    11. Black-headed Gros-beak (_Coccothraustes erythromelas_).
    12. Impeyan Pheasant (_Lophophorus sclateri_).
    13. Common Rhea (_Rhea americana_).
    14. Crown Pigeon (_Goura scheepmakeri_).
]




                               CASSELL’S

                            NATURAL HISTORY

                               EDITED BY

            P. MARTIN DUNCAN, M.B. (LOND.), F.R.S., F.G.S.

 PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY IN AND HONORARY FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, LONDON;
    CORRESPONDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

                                VOL. I.

                             _ILLUSTRATED_

                     CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED

                      _LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE_

                                 1896

                          ALL RIGHTS RESERVED




[Illustration]




                           APES AND MONKEYS.

     PROFESSOR P. MARTIN DUNCAN, M.B. (LOND.), F.R.S. F.G.S., &c.


                                LEMURS.

              J. MURIE, M.D., LL.D., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.,

                                  AND

                      PROFESSOR P. MARTIN DUNCAN.


                              CHIROPTERA.

                         W. S. DALLAS, F.L.S.


                             INSECTIVORA.

                         W. S. DALLAS, F.L.S.




CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE

    INTRODUCTION                                                    xiii


    CLASS MAMMALIA.

    ORDER I.--QUADRUMANA.--THE APES AND MONKEYS.

    CHAPTER I.

    INTRODUCTION--THE MAN-SHAPED APES--THE GORILLA.

    The World of Monkeys, and its Division into great
    Groups--Distinction between the Old World and New World
    Monkeys--Classification of Monkeys--THE GORILLA, Ancient
    and Modern Stories about it--Investigations of Savage
    and Du Chaillu--General Description--The Head, Brain,
    Teeth, Taste, Smell, and Voice--The Air Sacs, and Ear--The
    Limbs and Muscles--Method of Climbing--Diet--Hunting the
    Gorilla--Attempts to Capture Alive--A Tame Gorilla                 1


    CHAPTER II.

    THE MAN-SHAPED APES (_continued_)--THE NSCHIEGO MBOUVÉ--THE
    KOOLO-KAMBA--THE SOKO--THE CHIMPANZEE.

    THE NSCHIEGO MBOUVÉ--Its Nests and Habits--A Specimen
    Shot--Differences between it and the Gorilla--Structural
    Peculiarities--THE KOOLO-KAMBA--Meaning of the
    Name--Discovered by Du Chaillu--Its Outward Appearance
    and Anatomy--THE SOKO--Discovered by Livingstone--Hunting
    the Soko--THE CHIMPANZEE--In Captivity--On board Ship--A
    Young Chimpanzee--The Brain and Nerves--Anatomical
    Peculiarities--General Remarks upon the Group                     39


    CHAPTER III.

    THE MAN-SHAPED APES (_continued_)--GENUS _Simia_--THE
    ORANG-UTAN.

    Origin of the Name--Description of the Orang--Rajah
    Brooke’s First Specimen--Mr. Wallace’s Experiences in
    Mias Hunting--The Home of the Mias--A Mias at Bay--Their
    Nests, Habits, Food, and Localities--Different kinds of
    Orangs--Structural Points--The Intelligence and Habits of the
    Young--The Brain and its Case--Resemblances and Differences
    of Old and Young                                                  59


    CHAPTER IV.

    THE MAN-SHAPED APES (_concluded_)--THE GIBBONS--THE
    SIAMANGS--THE TRUE GIBBONS.

    General Characteristics of the Species--THE SIAMANG--Its
    Habits and Anatomy--Distinctness from the Orangs and
    Gibbons--Special Peculiarities--THE WHITE-HANDED
    GIBBON--Where Found--Its Cry--Its Habits--Special Anatomical
    Features--THE HOOLOOK--Where Found--A Young One in
    Captivity--Shape of the Skull--THE WOOYEN APE--Its Appearance
    and Habits--THE WOW-WOW--Very little known about it--THE
    AGILE GIBBON--Reason of the Name--Peculiarities of the
    Anatomy--General Comparison of the Different Varieties of the
    Great Apes                                                        73


    CHAPTER V.

    THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS--SEMNOPITHECUS--COLOBUS.

    General Characteristics of the Monkeys of the Old
    World--Distinguished from the Apes by Length of the Hinder
    Limbs and presence of Tails--Divided into those with and
    those without Cheek-pouches--Use of the Cheek-pouches--The
    two Genera of Pouchless Monkeys--THE SACRED MONKEYS, or
    Semnopitheci--Derivation of the Name--First Discovery--Ape
    Worship in India--General Description--Limited to Asia--THE
    SIMPAI--Its Locality and Appearance--THE BUDENG--Hunted
    for their Fur--Its Colour and Appearance--THE LONG-NOSED
    MONKEY--Reason of the Name--Quaint Appearance of the
    Young--Anatomical Peculiarities--Their First Appearance in
    Europe--Description of the Nose--Peculiar Formation of the
    Stomach--Bezoars--THE HOONUMAN MONKEY--The Sacred Monkey
    of the Hindoos--Legends about it--THE DOUC MONKEY--Its
    Appearance and Habitat--THE BLACK-LEGGED DOUC--Anatomical
    Peculiarities--THE CROWNED MONKEY--THE RED MONKEY--THE
    SUMATRA MONKEY--THE WHITE-BEARDED MONKEY--Found in
    Ceylon--Its Intelligence--THE GREAT WANDEROO--Other
    Ceylonese Monkeys--THE GENUS COLOBUS, or Thumbless
    Monkeys--Description of the Hand and Wrist--Different
    Varieties--COLOBUS VERUS--COLOBUS GUEREZA--Their Habitat and
    Peculiarities--Fossil Semnopitheci                                84


    CHAPTER VI.

    THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS (_continued_)--THE GUENONS.

    THE GUENONS--Where they are Found--Early Notices of
    them--Resemblance to the Colobi and Macaques--Distinctive
    Peculiarity of the Group--Often seen in Menageries--Their
    Terror of Snakes--Peculiar Expression of the Face--Beauty
    of their Skins--Minor Divisions of the Guenons--THE
    DIANA MONKEY--Origin of the Name--Anecdotes of their
    Mischief--THE MONA MONKEY--Description of one at
    Paris--THE WHITE-NOSED MONKEY--Origin of the Name--THE
    TALAPOIN--Anatomical Peculiarities--THE GREEN MONKEY--Found
    in Senegal in abundance--THE RED-BELLIED MONKEY--THE RED
    MONKEY--Observed by Bruce--THE MANGABEY--Singularity of its
    Appearance--Special Structural Peculiarities                     