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[Illustration: (Front Cover)]






Glacier NATIONAL PARK [MONTANA]

  _American Section_ WATERTON-GLACIER
  INTERNATIONAL PEACE PARK

United States Department of the Interior

_Harold L. Ickes, Secretary_

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

_Arno B. Cammerer, Director_

[Illustration]

  UNITED STATES
  GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
  WASHINGTON: 1937




RULES AND REGULATIONS

Briefed


The Park Regulations are designed for the protection of the natural
beauties as well as for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The
complete regulations may be seen at the office of the superintendent
and at ranger stations. The following synopsis of the rules and
regulations is for the general guidance of visitors, who are requested
to assist in the administration of the park by observing them.

=_Fires._=--Fires are the greatest menace to the forests of Glacier
National Park. Build camp fires only when necessary and at designated
places. Know that they are out before you leave them. Be sure your
cigarette, cigar, pipe ashes, and matches are out before you throw them
away. During periods of high fire hazard, camp fires are not permitted
at nondesignated camp grounds.

=_Camps._=--Camping is restricted to designated campgrounds. Burn all
combustible garbage in your camp fire; place tin cans and unburnable
residue in garbage cans. There is plenty of pure water; be sure to get
it. Visitors must not contaminate water-sheds or water supplies.

=_Natural features._=--The destruction, injury, or disturbance in any
way of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. Dead and
fallen wood may be used for firewood. Picking wild flowers and removing
plants are prohibited.

=_Bears._=--It is prohibited and dangerous to feed the bears. Do not
leave foodstuffs in an unattended car or camp, for the bear will break
into and damage your car or camp equipment to secure food. Suspend
foodstuffs in a box, well out of their reach, or place in the care of
the camp tender.

=_Dogs and cats._=--When in the park, dogs and cats must be kept under
leash, crated, or under restrictive control of the owner at all times.

=_Fishing._=--No license for fishing in the park is required. Use of
live bait is prohibited. Ten fish (none under 6 inches) per day, per
person fishing is the usual limit; however, in some lakes the limit is
5 fish per day and in others it is 20. Visitors should contact the
nearest district ranger to ascertain the fish limits in the lakes. The
possession of more than 2 days' catch by any person at any one time
shall be construed as a violation of the regulations.

=_Traffic._=--Speed regulations: 15 miles per hour on sharp curves and
through residential districts; 35 miles per hour on the straightaway.
Keep gears enmeshed and out of free wheeling on long grades. Keep
cutout closed. Drive carefully at all times. Secure automobile permit,
fee $1.

=_Rangers._=--The rangers are here to assist and advise you as well as
to enforce the regulations. When in doubt consult a ranger.




FOREST FIRES


Forest Fires are a terrible and ever-present menace. There are
thousands of acres of burned forests in Glacier National Park. Most of
these "ghosts of forests" are hideous proofs of some person's criminal
carelessness or ignorance.

Build camp fires only at designated camp sites. At times of high
winds or exceptionally dry spell, build no fires outside, except in
stoves provided at the free auto camps. At times of extreme hazard,
it is necessary to restrict smoking to hotel and camp areas. Guests
entering the park are so informed, and prohibitory notices are posted
everywhere. Smoking on the highway, on trails, and elsewhere in the
park is forbidden at such times. During the dry period, permits to
build fires at any camp sites other than in auto camps must be procured
in advance from the district ranger.

Be absolutely sure that your camp fire is extinguished before you leave
it, even for a few minutes.

Do not rely upon dirt thrown on it for complete extinction.

_Drown_ it completely with water.

Drop that lighted cigar or cigarette on the trail and step on it.

Do the same with every match that is lighted.

_Extreme caution is demanded at all times._

Anyone responsible for a forest fire will be prosecuted to the full
extent of the law.

_If you discover a forest fire, report it to the nearest ranger
station or hotel._




Events OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE


The heart of a territory so vast it was measured not in miles but
degrees, the site of Glacier National Park was indicated as terra
incognita or unexplored on most maps even as late as the dawn of the
present century. To its mountain fastness had come first the solitary
fur trader, the trapper, and the missionary; after them followed the
hunter, the pioneer, and the explorer; in the nineties were drawn the
prospector, the miner, and the picturesque trader of our last frontier;
today, the region beckons the scientist, the lover of the out-of-doors,
and the searcher for beauty. Throughout its days, beginning with the
Lewis and Clark Expedition, the Glacier country has been a lodestone
for the scientist, attracted from every corner of the earth by
the combination of natural wonder and beauty to be found here.
A chronological list of important events in the park's history
follows:

 --------+-----------------------------------------------------------------
 1804-5  | Lewis and Clark Expedition. Meriwether Lewis reached a
         |   point 40 miles east of the present park. Chief Mountain
         |   was indicated as King Mountain on the expedition map.
         |
 1810    | First definitely known crossing of Marias Pass by white man.
         |
 1846    | Hugh Monroe, known to the Indians as Rising Wolf,
         |   visited and named St. Mary Lake.
         |
 1853    | Cutbank Pass over the Continental Divide was crossed by
         |   A. W. Tinkham, engineer of exploration party with Isaac
         |   I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory. Tinkham
         |   was in search of the present Marias Pass, described to
         |   Governor Stevens by Little Dog, the Blackfeet chieftain.
         |
 1854    | James Doty explored the eastern base of the range and
         |   camped on lower St. Mary Lake from May 28 to June 6.
         |
 1855    | Area now in park east of Continental Divide allotted as
         |   hunting grounds to the Blackfeet by treaty.
         |
 1872    | International boundary survey authorized which fixed the
         |   location of the present north boundary of the park.
         |
 1882-83 | Prof. Raphael Pumpelly made explorations in the region.
         |
 1885    | George Bird Grinnell made the first of many trips to the region.
         |
 1889    | J. F. Stevens explored Marias Pass as location of railroad line.
         |
 1891    | Great Northern Railroad built through Marias Pass.
         |
 1895    | Purchase of territory east of Continental Divide from the
         |   Blackfeet Indians for $1,500,000, to be thrown open to
         |   prospectors and miners.
         |
 1901    | George Bird Grinnell published an article in Century Magazine
         |   which first called attention to the exceptional grandeur
         |   and beauty of the region and need for its conservation.
         |
 1910    | Bill creating Glacier National Park was signed by President
         |   Taft on May 11. Maj. W. R. Logan became first superintendent.
         |
 1932    | Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park dedicated.
         |
 1933    | Going-to-the-Sun Highway opened to travel throughout its
         |   length.
         |
 1934    | Franklin D. Roosevelt first President to visit Glacier National
         |   Park.
 --------+-----------------------------------------------------------------




Contents


                                                          _Page_

  International Peace Park                                 1

  How to Reach Glacier Park                                3
    By Rail                                                3
    By Automobile                                          3
    By Airplane                                            3

  Centers of Interest                                      3
    Glacier Park Station                                   3
    Two Medicine                                           4
    Cutbank                                                6
    Red Eagle                                              6
    St. Mary and Sun Camp                                  6
    Many Glacier Region                                    8
    Belly River Valley, Waterton Lake, and Goathaunt      11
    Flattop Mountain and Granite Park                     13
    Logan Pass                                            14
    Avalanche Camp                                        14
    Lake McDonald                                         15
    Sperry Chalets                                        16
    Belton                                                16

  What to Do and See                                      17
    Fishing                                               17
    Hiking and Mountain Climbing                          18
    Popular trails                                        21
    Swimming                                              22
    Camping out                                           22
    Photography                                           22

  Park Highway System                                     22

  How to Dress                                            23

  Accommodations                                          24

  Saddle-Horse Trips                                      25

  All-Expense Tours by Bus                                26

  Transportation                                          27

  Launches and Rowboats                                   28

  Administration                                          28

  Naturalist Service                                      29

  Automobile Campgrounds                                  29

  Post Offices                                            29

  Miscellaneous                                           29

  The Park's Geologic Story                               30

  Flora and Fauna                                         34

  Ideal Place to See American Indians                     34

  References                                              37

  Government Publications                                 40


[Illustration: _Photo by Hileman._ KINNERLY PEAK FROM KINTLA LAKE]




GLACIER _National Park_

SEASON JUNE 15 TO SEPTEMBER 15


Glacier National Park, in the Rocky Mountains of northwestern Montana,
established by act of Congress May 11, 1910, contains 981,681 acres, or
1,534 square miles, of the finest mountain country in America. Nestled
among the higher peaks are more than 60 glaciers and 200 beautiful
lakes. During the summer months it is possible to visit most of the
glaciers and many of the lakes with relatively little difficulty.
Horseback and foot trails penetrate almost all sections of the park.
Conveniently located trail camps, operated at a reasonable cost, make
it possible for visitors to enjoy the mountain scenery without having
to carry food and camping equipment. Many travelers hike or ride
through the mountains for days at a time, resting each evening at one
of these high mountain camps. The glaciers found in the park are among
the few in the United States which are easily accessible.




INTERNATIONAL PEACE PARK

The Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park was established in 1932
by Presidential proclamation, as authorized by the Congress of the
United States and the Canadian Parliament.

At the dedication exercises in June of that year, the following message
from the President of the United States was read:


    The dedication of the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
    is a further gesture of the good will that has so long blessed
    our relations with our Canadian neighbors, and I am gratified by
    the hope and the faith that it will forever be an appropriate
    symbol of permanent peace and friendship.


In the administration of these areas each component part of the Peace
Park retains its nationality and individuality and functions as it did
before the union.

[Illustration: _Copyright, Hileman._ WATERTON LAKE--THE INTERNATIONAL
PEACE LAKE]




HOW TO REACH GLACIER PARK


BY RAIL

The park entrances are on the main transcontinental line of the Great
Northern Railway. Glacier Park Station, Mont., the eastern entrance, is
1,081 miles west of St. Paul, a ride of 30 hours. Belton, Mont., the
western entrance, is 637 miles east of Seattle, a ride of 20 hours.

For information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to
railroad ticket agents or address A. J. Dickinson, passenger-traffic
manager, Great Northern Railway, St. Paul, Minn.

A regular bus schedule is maintained by the Glacier Park Transport Co.
to accommodate persons arriving by rail.


BY AUTOMOBILE

Glacier National Park may be reached by motorists over a number of
well-marked automobile roads. The park approach roads connect with
several transcontinental highways. From both the east and west sides
automobile roads run north and connect with the road system in Canada,
and motorists may continue over these roads to the Canadian national
parks. Glacier National Park is the western terminus of the Custer
Battlefield Highway.

A fee of $1 is charged for a permit to operate an automobile in Glacier
Park. This permit allows reentry into the park at any time during the
current season. Maximum speed limit in the park is 30 miles per hour.
On mountain climbs and winding roads, utmost care in driving is
demanded. All cautionary signs must be observed.


BY AIRPLANE

Fast de luxe airplane service is available by Northwest Airlines to
Missoula, Mont., and Spokane, Wash., as is transportation via United
Air Lines, from the east and west coasts to Spokane. National Park
Airlines has a service from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Great Falls, Mont.




CENTERS OF INTEREST


GLACIER PARK STATION

Glacier Park on the Great Northern Railway is the eastern entrance to
the park. It is located on the Great Plains, near the base of Glacier's
Rockies. It is on U S 2, which traverses from the east through northern
Montana along the southern boundary of the park to Belton, the western
entrance, and on to the Pacific coast. Glacier Park is also the southern
terminus of the Blackfeet Highway which parallels the eastern boundary
of the park and connects with the Alberta highway system. It is the
southern end of the Inside Trail to Two Medicine, Cutbank, Red Eagle,
and Sun Camp.

The commodious Glacier Park Hotel, several lesser hotels, auto camps,
stores, an auxiliary park office, a Government fish hatchery, a post
office and other structures are located here. The village gives a
fine touch of western life, with Indians, cowboys, and picturesque
characters contributing to its color. An encampment of Blackfeet is
on Midvale Creek; these Indians sing, dance, and tell stories every
evening at the hotel.


TWO MEDICINE

Two Medicine presents a turquoise mountain lake surrounded by majestic
forest-covered peaks separated by deep glaciated valleys. A road leads
into it from the Blackfeet Highway and ends at the chalets near the
foot of Two Medicine Lake. Across the water rises Sinopah Mountain,
while to the north sweep upward the gray-green <DW72>s of Rising Wolf
to terminate in purple-red argillites and snow banks. One of the most
inviting camp sites of the park is immediately below the outlet of the
lake, not far from the chalets. From it, one looks across a smaller
lake, banked with gnarled and twisted limber pines, to the superb
mountain scenery in every direction.

The cirques and broad mountain valleys above timberline are studded
with cobalt blue lakes, and carpeted with multicolored beds of flowers.
Mountain goats and sheep are frequently seen in these higher regions.
Beaver colonies are located at the outlet of Two Medicine Lake and
elsewhere around it, making this one of the best regions in the park
to study these interesting mammals. An abundance of brook and rainbow
trout in Two Medicine waters makes it a favorite spot for fishermen.

[Illustration: _Photo by Hileman._ TRICK FALLS IN TWO MEDICINE CREEK]

A campfire entertainment with a short popular talk is conducted every
evening in the campfire circle of the auto camp by a resident ranger
naturalist. Both chalet and campground guests avail themselves of the
opportunity to meet for pleasure and instruction under the stars.
Trails for hikers and saddle-horse parties radiate to adjacent points
of interest: to Glacier Park via Scenic Point and Mount Henry, to Upper
Two Medicine Lake and Dawson Pass, to Two Medicine Pass and Paradise
Park, and up the Dry Fork to Cutbank Pass and Valley. A daily afternoon
launch trip across Two Medicine Lake brings the visitor to the foot of
Sinopah, from which there is a short, delightful path through dense
evergreen forest to the foot of Twin Falls. Trick Falls, near the
highway bridge across Two Medicine River, 2 miles below the lake, is
more readily accessible and should be visited by everyone entering the
valley. A great portion of its water issues from a cave beneath its
brink. In the early season it appears a very proper waterfall, paneled
by lofty spruce with the purple, snow-crowned Rising Wolf Mountain in
the background. In late season water issues from the cave alone, with
the dry fall over its yawning opening.


CUTBANK

Cutbank is a primitive, densely wooded valley with a singing mountain
stream. Six miles above the Blackfeet Highway are a quiet chalet,
a ranger station, and a small grove for auto campers. A spur lane,
leaving the highway at Cutbank Bridge, 4 miles north of the Browning
Wye, brings the autoist to this terminus. A more popular means of
approach is on horseback, over Cutbank Pass from Two Medicine or over
Triple Divide Pass from Red Eagle. Cutbank is a favorite site for
stream fishermen. At the head of the valley above Triple Divide Pass is
the Triple Divide Peak (8,001 feet) which parts its waters between the
three oceans surrounding North America, i. e., its drainage is through
the Missouri-Mississippi system to the Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic),
through the Saskatchewan system to Hudson Bay (Arctic), and through the
Columbia system to the Pacific.


RED EAGLE

Red Eagle Lake in Red Eagle Valley is reached by trail only from
Cutbank over Triple Divide Pass or from St. Mary Chalets or Sun
Camp via the Many Falls Trail. From the lake rise imposing Split,
Almost-a-Dog, and Red Eagle Mountains. On its sloping forested sides
reposes Red Eagle Camp, which furnishes rest and shelter. It is a
stopping place for travelers on the Inside Trail from Sun Camp or St.
Mary to Glacier Park, and is a favorite spot for fishermen, as large,
gamey, cutthroat trout abound in the waters of the lake. Reached by a
secondary, picturesque trail that winds through magnificent forests,
the head of Red Eagle Creek originates in a broad, grassy area almost
as high as the Continental Divide. This bears Red Eagle Glacier and a
number of small unnamed lakes, and is hemmed in by imposing rock walls
and serrate peaks.


ST. MARY AND SUN CAMP

To many people Upper St. Mary Lake is the most sublime of all mountain
lakes of the world. From its foot roll the plains northeastward to
Hudson Bay and the Arctic. Its long and slender surface is deep emerald
green, nestled in a salient in the Front Range, with peaks rising
majestically a mile sheer over three of its sides. These for the most
part possess names of Indian origin: Going-to-the-Sun, Piegan, Little
Chief, Mahtotopa Red Eagle, and Curley Bear.

[Illustration: _Hileman photo._ GOING-TO-THE-SUN CHALETS]

St. Mary Chalet at the lower end of the lake, Going-to-the-Sun Chalets
(Sun Camp) near the upper end, Roes Creek Camp Grounds on the north
shore, and a hikers' camp at the outlet of Baring Creek furnish ample
accommodations for all classes of visitors.

The celebrated Going-to-the-Sun Highway from St. Mary Junction over
Logan Pass to Lake McDonald runs along the north shore of St. Mary Lake
past Roes Creek Camp. Spurs connect the chalets. Trails centering at
Sun Camp lead everywhere: Along the south shore (the Many Falls Trail)
to Red Eagle and St. Mary Chalets; up St. Mary Valley to Blackfeet
Glacier, Gunsight Lake, and over Gunsight Pass to Lake Ellen Wilson,
Sperry Chalets, and Lake McDonald; up Reynolds Creek over Logan Pass
and along the Garden Wall to Granite Park; a spur from the trail up
the same creek turns right and joins at Preston Meadows, high on
Going-to-the-Sun Mountain, with another trail from Sun Camp which leads
up Baring Creek past Sexton Glacier and over Siyeh Pass; from Preston
Meadows over Piegan Pass and down Cataract Canyon to Many Glacier; up
Roes Creek to Roes Basin; up Mount Reynolds to a fire look-out.

A ranger naturalist is stationed at Sun Camp who conducts field trips
daily, lectures each evening in the chalet lobby, and maintains a
cut-flower exhibit there. Small stores are maintained at both chalets;
gasoline is obtainable at each. Scenic twilight launch rides on the
lake are featured when the waters are calm. The ranger-naturalist
generally accompanies these trips to impart interesting information
about the lake and mountains.

Walks and hikes are popular at Sun Camp--to Baring, St. Mary, Florence,
and Virginia Falls; to Roes and Baring Basins; to Sexton and Blackfeet
Glaciers; to the summit of Goat Mountain. Sunrift Gorge, 100 feet north
of the highway at Baring Creek Bridge, should be seen by everyone. It
can be reached by trail from Sun Camp.


MANY GLACIER REGION

For many Swiftcurrent Lake is the hub of points of interest, to be
surpassed by no other spot in the park. From it branch many deep and
interesting glacial valleys. Fishing, boating, swimming, hiking,
photographing, mountain climbing, horseback riding, and nature study
are to be enjoyed at their best here. It is reached by an excellent
spur road from the Blackfeet Highway at Babb, or by trail from Sun
Camp, Granite Park, and Waterton Lakes.

Many Glacier Hotel, the largest hotel in the park, is located on
Swiftcurrent Lake. Just beyond the hotel is an excellent auto camp and
a group of auto housekeeping cabins. The hotel has telegraph and
telephone services, an information desk, curio shop, a grill room and
soda fountain, swimming pool, barber and shoe-shining shop, photograph
shop, a first-aid medical establishment, and other services. A garage
is situated near the hotel. A store with an ample line of campers'
needs, including fresh meat, bread, butter, and eggs, is located in
the auto campground.

Ranger-naturalist service is available at Many Glacier. This includes
daily field walks; a nightly lecture augmented by motion pictures and
slides in the Convention Hall in the basement of the hotel; an evening
campfire entertainment in the auto camp; a cut-flower and geological
exhibit in the hotel lobby and in the auto camp; a small museum on the
opposite shore of the lake from the hotel, on the road leading to the
campground; a self-guiding trail around Swiftcurrent Lake; information
service in the museum; a naturalist-accompanied launch trip on
Swiftcurrent and Josephine Lakes in the afternoon. In addition to this
last-named, several other launch trips are taken daily on these lakes.
This service may be used to shorten hikers' distance to Grinnell Lake
and Glacier.

[Illustration: _Grant photo._ PICTURESQUE GLACIER PARK HOTEL]

Many Glacier is a center for fishermen, as there are a dozen good
fishing lakes in the vicinity. Rainbow, brook, and cutthroat trout
abound in Swiftcurrent, Josephine, and Grinnell Lakes, and the lakes
of the Upper Swiftcurrent Valley. Wall-eyed pike are plentiful in Lake
Sherburne, the only body of water in the park in which these fish are
found.

There are many excellent trails in the Swiftcurrent region. Cracker
Lake, Morning Eagle Falls, Cataract Falls, Grinnell Lake, Grinnell
Glacier, Iceberg Lake, and Ptarmigan Lake are all reached by oiled
horseback trails. Good footpaths lead around Swiftcurrent and Josephine
Lakes to the summit of Mount Altyn and to Appekunny Falls and Cirque.

[Illustration: _Hileman photo._ BIGHORN RAMS ARE AMONG THE MANY
INTERESTING ANIMALS TO BE SEEN IN GLACIER]

The possibility of seeing and studying wildlife is best in the Many
Glacier region. Except during midsummer, mountain sheep are commonly
seen at close range around the chalets or in the flats above Lake
Sherburne. Throughout summer they are high on the <DW72>s of Mount Altyn
or Henkel. Mountain goats are often seen clinging to the precipitous
Pinnacle Wall on the way to Iceberg Lake, or on Grinnell Mountain while
en route to Grinnell Glacier, or on the trail to Cracker Lake. Black
bears and grizzlies occasionally visit the grounds near the hotel.
Conies are to be heard bleating among the rock slides back of the
ranger station along the trail to Iceberg Lake, or near the footpath
across the lake from the hotel. Early in the morning, or at twilight,
beavers are frequently seen swimming in the lake. Marmots are common in
many valleys near the hotel and auto camp. Deer infrequently visit the
region. Hikers, horseback riders, and rangers have reported seeing such
rare animals as foxes, wolves, and lynxes. Without moving from one's
comfortable chair on the veranda of the hotel one may watch the ospreys
soaring back and forth over the lake in quest of fish. These graceful
and interesting birds have their huge nest on top of a dead tree across
the lake from the hotel. The pair of birds return annually to the same
nest. Beside Swiftcurrent Falls, two families of nesting water ouzels
may be studied at close range.


BELLY RIVER VALLEY, WATERTON LAKE, AND GOATHAUNT

Though much like Swiftcurrent Valley in topographical make-up, the
Belly River district is much wilder and more heavily forested. It is
accessible by trail only from Many Glacier over Ptarmigan Wall or from
Waterton Lake over Indian Pass. These, with spur trails to Helen and
Margaret Lakes, make up the principal trail system. The Glacier Park
Saddle Horse Co. maintains a comfortable mountain camp on Crossley
Lake, where food and lodging are available at reasonable rates. Fishing
is good in the lakes of the Belly River country. The 33-mile trip from
Many Glacier to Waterton is one of the finest to be taken in the park.
Crossley Lake Camp is approximately midway.

The International Waterton Lake and the northern boundary line of
Glacier National Park mutually bisect each other at right angles. Mount
Cleveland rises 6,300 feet sheer above the head of the lake. Waterton
Lake townsite, Alberta, is located at the foot. It is reached by
highway from Glacier Park, Babb, Cardston, Lethbridge, Calgary, and
points in the Canadian Rockies. The modern Prince of Wales Hotel,
several other hostelries, cabin camps, garages, stores, and other
conveniences are in the settlement. A 12-mile spur highway leads to
Cameron Lake, another international body of water on whose northern
(Canadian) shore is a fine example of a sphagnum bog. Another winding
road leads to a colorful canyon known as "Red Rock."

A picturesque cut-off highway over aspen-covered foothills around the
very base of majestic Chief Mountain, and beginning at a point 4 miles
north of Babb, leads to Waterton Lakes Park in Canada.

Trails lead from the village to principal points of interest in the
Canadian Park as well as up the west shore to the head of the lake at
which are situated the Government ranger station and Goathaunt Camp.
The head of the lake is more readily reached by the daily launch
service from Waterton Village, or over trail from Many Glacier by
Crossley Lake Camp, or by Granite Park and Flattop Mountain. A scenic
trail leads to Rainbow Falls and up Olson Valley to Browns Pass, Bowman
Lake, Hole-in-the-Wall Falls, Boulder Pass, and Kintla Lake in the
northwest corner of the park. There are no hotel or camp accommodations
at Bowman or Kintla Lakes.

[Illustration: _Grant photo._ HORSEBACK PARTY ON BOULDER PASS]

Game is varied and abundant at Waterton Lake. Moose are sometimes seen
in the swampy lakes along Upper Waterton River. Later in the season,
bull elk are heard bugling their challenge through the night. Deer are
seen both at Waterton Lake Village and Goathaunt Camp. Sheep and goats
live on neighboring <DW72>s. One does not have to leave the trail to see
evidence of the work of the beaver. The trail down Waterton Valley has
had to be relocated from time to time, as these industrious workers
flooded the right-of-way. A colony lives at the mouth of the creek
opposite Goathaunt Camp. Otters have been seen in the lakes in the
evening. Marten have bobbed up irregularly at the ranger station.

Bird life is abundant in this district, because of the variety of
cover. Waterfowl are frequently seen on the lake. A pair of ospreys
nest near the mouth of Olson Creek. Pine grosbeaks, warblers, vireos,
kinglets, and smaller birds abound in the hawthorne and cottonwood
trees, and in the alder thickets.


FLATTOP MOUNTAIN AND GRANITE PARK

Glacier Park has within its boundary two parallel mountain ranges.
The eastern, or front range, extends from the Canadian boundary almost
without a break to New Mexico. The western, or Livingston Range, rises
at the head of Lake McDonald, becomes the front range beyond the
international line, and runs northwestward to Alaska. Between these two
ranges in the center of the park is a broad swell which carries the
Continental Divide from one to the other. This is Flattop Mountain,
whose groves of trees are open and parklike, wholly unlike the dense
forests of the lowlands with which every park visitor is well
acquainted.

A trail leads south from Waterton over Flattop to the tent camp called
"Fifty Mountain" and to Granite Park, where a comfortable high-mountain
chalet is located. Here is exposed a great mass of lava, which once
welled up from the interior of the earth and spread over the region
which was then the bottom of a sea. The chalets command a fine view of
the majestic grouping of mountains around Logan Pass, of the noble
summits of the Livingston Range, and of systems far to the south and
west of the park. Extending in the near foreground are gentle <DW72>s
covered with sparse clumps of stunted vegetation. In early July open
spaces are gold-carpeted with glacier lillies and bizarrely streaked
with lingering snow patches. Beyond are the deep, heavy forests of
Upper McDonald Valley.

The chalets may also be reached from Sun Camp and Logan Pass over a
trail along the Garden Wall, from the highway 2 miles above the western
switchback by a 4-mile trail, from Avalanche Camp and Lake McDonald
over the McDonald Valley trail, and from Many Glacier by the beautiful
trail over Swiftcurrent Pass. A short distance from the chalets a spur
from the trail to the Waterton Lake leads to Ahern Pass, from which
there is an unexcelled view of Ahern Glacier, Mount Merritt, Helen and
Elizabeth Lakes, and the South Fork of the Belly River. This spur is
only a mile from the chalets. At Fifty Mountain Camp, half-way between
Granite Park and Waterton, a second spur, a quarter of a mile long,
takes one above Flattop Mountain to the summit of the knife-edge. From
here there is a fine panorama of Mount Cleveland, Sue Lake, and Middle
Fork of Belly River.

A foot trail 1 mile long leads from the Granite Park chalet to the
summit of Swiftcurrent Mountain upon which a fire lookout is located.
For the small amount of effort required to make this ascent of 1,000
feet, no more liberal reward of mountain scenery could be possible.
Another foot trail leads from the chalets to the rim of the Garden
Wall, from which there are splendid views of Grinnell Glacier and the
Swiftcurrent region.

Animal life is varied and easily studied at Granite Park. Bear and deer
are common in this section. Mountain goats are frequently seen above
Flattop Mountain or near Ahern Pass. Mountain sheep graze on the <DW72>s
of the Garden Wall. Ptarmigan should be looked for, especially above
Swiftcurrent Pass.

Granite Park is a paradise for lovers of alpine flowers. On the Garden
Wall, the connoisseur should seek for the rare, heavenly blue alpine
columbine. Here are expanses of dryads, globe flowers, alpine firewood,
and a wealth of others. Early July is the best time for floral beauty.


LOGAN PASS

Logan Pass lies between the headwaters of Logan and Reynolds Creeks. It
crosses the Continental Divide and carries the Going-to-the-Sun Highway
from Lake McDonald to Upper St. Mary Lake and the trail from Sun Camp
to Granite Park.

Though there are no overnight stopping places on the pass, its
accessibility by automobile makes it a starting place for several
delightful walks, chiefly to Hidden Lake, which occupies a basin only
recent