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[Illustration: Dr. Gunning's House, overlooking the Valley of Macacos]




                                 BRAZIL
                                  AND
                            THE RIVER PLATE
                                IN 1868:


                                    BY
                            WILLIAM HADFIELD,


 SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF THOSE COUNTRIES SINCE HIS FORMER VISIT IN 1853.

[Illustration]

                                LONDON:
                BATES, HENDY AND CO., 4, OLD JEWRY, E.C.
                                 1869.

                            ENT. STA. HALL.




                        DUNLOP & CO., PRINTERS,
                   King's Head Court, Shoe Lane, E.C.




                               CONTENTS.


        THE VOYAGE OUT                                        9

        THE CITY OF MONTE VIDEO                              25

        THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO                           31

        THE WAR IN PARAGUAY                                  45

        THE PROVINCE OF SAN PAULO                            51

        THE SAN PAULO RAILWAY                                55

        THE CITY OF SAN PAULO                                66

        SAN PAULO TO SANTOS AND RIO DE JANEIRO               83

        TRIP TO JUIZ DE FORA.—THE DON PEDRO SEGUNDO RAILWAY  86

        RIO DE JANEIRO TO THE RIVER PLATE, SECOND TRIP       99

        CITY OF BUENOS AYRES                                103

        BUENOS AYRES TO COLONIA—ESTANZUELLA                 107

        TRIP ON THE CENTRAL ARGENTINE RAILWAY               112

        THE WESTERN RAILWAY OF BUENOS AYRES                 125

        BUENOS AYRES—SECOND NOTICE                          131

        PROGRESS OF STEAM NAVIGATION ON LA PLATA            142

        RAILWAYS IN THE RIVER PLATE                         146

        EMIGRATION TO BRAZIL                                154

        EMIGRATION TO THE RIVER PLATE                       158

        RAILWAYS IN BRAZIL                                  164

        COMMERCE OF BRAZIL AND THE RIVER PLATE              173

        THE RIVER AMAZON                                    185

        TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS                          197

        RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS                              200

        THE AFFLUENTS OF LA PLATA                           203

        THE REPUBLIC OF PARAGUAY                            206

        BRAZILIAN CURRENCY                                  217

        ARGENTINE FINANCES                                  231

        THE PORT AND HARBOUR OF SANTOS                      239

        THE VOYAGE HOME                                     245

        APPENDIX OF OFFICIAL AND OTHER DOCUMENTS            253




                                ERRATA.


      Page 132.—For Club “El Temple” read “Del Parque.”

      Page 167.—Transpose in table words “Revenue” and “Working.”

      Page 169.—For “£150,000” read “£15,000.”




                                PREFACE.


This work makes no pretentions to literary merit, but, as its title
indicates, is simply a narrative descriptive of the progress of the
countries specially referred to, which, though England has long
maintained intimate commercial relations with them, are still but very
imperfectly known to the British public. In the Old World generations
follow each other without any very perceptible alteration being
observable in the characteristic surroundings, but in the New World, as
America is still termed, a few years often effect changes of the most
important and striking description. This is notably the case as respects
Brazil and the River Plate, the growth of which has been very
remarkable.

Since the year 1854, when my former work was published, a large amount
of English capital has been invested in various enterprises connected
with Brazil and the River Plate, and particularly for the construction
of railways, the formation of banks, and the promotion of steam
navigation on the great Rivers communicating with the interior. If the
results have not, in several instances, proved wholly satisfactory as
regards the distribution of dividends, the fact is in a considerable
degree, if not