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 2) Table of Contents / Illustrations added.

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 AN ILLUSTRIOUS TOWN,--ANDOVER.
   BY REV. F. B. MAKEPEACE.
     Illustrations:
       Main Street, Looking North.
       Brechin Library.
       Memorial Hall And Library.
       Phillips Academy.
       Old Stone Academy.
       Theological Seminary.
       Lieut.-Gov. Phillips.
       Chapel, Theo. Seminary.
       Punchard Free School.
       Theological Seminary.--general View.
       The Old Mark Newman Publishing House.
       South Congregational Church.

 JAMES OTIS, JR.
   BY REV. H. HEWITT.

 A ROMANCE OF KING PHILIP'S WAR.
   BY FANNY BULLOCK WORKMAN.

 THE SINGER.
   BY LAURA GARLAND CARR.

 THE WEBSTER FAMILY.
   BY HON. STEPHEN M. ALLEN.
     Illustrations:
       Daniel Webster On His Farm.
       Birth-place Of Daniel Webster.

 THE NEW ENGLAND LIBRARY AND ITS FOUNDER.
   BY VICTORIA REED.
     Illustration:
       Rev. Thomas Prince.

 NEW ENGLAND MANNERS AND CUSTOMS IN THE
 TIME OF BRYANT'S EARLY LIFE.
   BY MRS. H. G. ROWE.

 TRUST.
   BY ARTHUR ELWELL JENKS.

 NEW ENGLAND CHARACTERISTICS.
   BY LIZZIE M. WHITTLESEY.

 EDITOR'S TABLE.

 EDUCATION.

 HISTORICAL RECORD.

 NECROLOGY.

 INDEX TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE.

    Illustration:
      Hon. Henry Barnard, LL.D.

       *       *       *       *       *




                                  THE

                          NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE

                                  AND

                           BAY STATE MONTHLY.

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
   OLD SERIES,                 APRIL, 1886.               NEW SERIES,
 VOL. IV. NO. 4.                                        VOL. I. NO. 4.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright, 1886, by Bay State Monthly Company. All rights reserved.




AN ILLUSTRIOUS TOWN,--ANDOVER.

BY REV. F. B. MAKEPEACE.


[Illustration: MAIN STREET, LOOKING NORTH.]

It is said that there are twenty-six places in the United States by the
name of Andover; yet when the name appears in the public prints it does
not occur to any one to ask which Andover? These facts are suggestive of
the wide knowledge and popularity of this historic town, and the abiding
interest of scattered thousands in its welfare. Her sons have gone forth
to dare and to do upon every field of honorable enterprise. Thousands of
pupils have pursued their studies here, and carry precious memories of
the schools, of teachers, and influences,--in a word, of Andover.

In this rapid and general view of the town,[A] all that will be
attempted is to connect the past with the present, and to give a picture
of Andover as it is to-day.[B]

    [A] In the February number of this magazine will be found an
    interesting article upon Abbott Academy, and in following numbers
    articles, now in course of preparation, will be published upon the
    Theological Seminary and Phillips Academy.

    [B] The history of the town has been carefully written by Miss Sarah
    Loring Bailey, and her volume of "Historical Sketches of Andover" is
    very valuable.

The natural attractions of the town are great and permanent in their
character. There are neither gold mines nor alarming precipices, but
there are graceful rivers, a quiet rolling landscape, and extensive
views, shaded walks, and charming drives, because there are "more roads
than in any other town in New England;" the air is clear and bracing,
the sunsets once seen are not soon forgotten, the wild-flowers spring in
abundance, and the autumnal glory draws many visitors to the town.

[Illustration: BRECHIN LIBRARY.]

[Illustration: MEMORIAL HALL AND LIBRARY.]

When Washington made his tour of the Eastern States, after his
inauguration, he passed through Andover on his way from Haverhill to
Lexington. He spent the night at the Abbott tavern, and left upon the
face of his host's little daughter a kiss, which she was so reluctant to
lose that for a week she did not wash her face. In his account of this
trip he makes special mention of the beautiful country through which he
was passing.

     All that is most characteristic in our New England landscape finds
     its representation here. Its rugged granite breaks with hard lines
     through the stubborn soil. Its sweep of hill and valley fills the
     eye with various beauty. Its lakes catch its sunlight upon generous
     bosoms. Its rivers are New England rivers, ready for work, and yet
     not destitute of beauty.[C]

    [C] Phillips Brooks.

The "Hill" is one mile from the depot, a very uphill way, but one which
it is well worth the stranger's while to travel. Upon its top is a tract
of about two hundred acres, the property of Phillips Academy, upon which
stand the various buildings of the institution, now nearly seventy in
number.

[Illustration: PHILLIPS ACADEMY.]

Prof. Keep, in a recent article, says:--

     The wide prospect from Andover Hill is suggestive of the world-wide
     fame of the school; and the lovely elm-shaded park, in which stand
     the buildings of the Theological Seminary, and the church where the
     members of the academy worship, is a hardly less peaceful and
     charming scholar's retreat than are those of the college gardens of
     Oxford and Cambridge.

This elm-shaded park is the beautiful campus of seven or eight acres. In
the background are all the buildings of the Theological Seminary, except
Brechin Hall, and in front of them is the avenue of elms which makes the
"Gothic window." Nothing of its kind could be more beautiful. Overhead
are the interlaced branches of the lofty trees, the end of the avenue
forming the exquisite window, through which extends a long vista. On
either side of the mullion one has the view of a church in the distance;
and in the valley of the Merrimac nestles the city of Lawrence.

[Illustration: OLD STONE ACADEMY.]

[Illustration: THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.]

Not far remote is "Carter's Hill," with its commanding view and unbroken
quiet, and destined to become a favorite summer resort, for such as wish
to enjoy some of New England's choicest scenery, to know some of its
purest life, and to keep within an hour's ride of Boston. Within easy
view are Monadnock, Wachusett, and other smaller mountains; the
beautiful Merrimac River, with its populous valley, and the
graceful, busy Shawshin, where it was said, the Devil baptized the
witches,--contemptible when thought of as the object of great Boston's
covetous desire, but important in its relation to the several mills upon
its course, and for its contribution to the general beauty.

"Indian Ridge" is one of the series of lenticular hills, which continues
to the north-east as far as Portsmouth, N.H., and in an irregular course
may be traced westward to the Connecticut River.

[Illustration: LIEUT.-GOV. PHILLIPS.]

This ridge is supposed to have been the spot of Indian encampments, and
is within a tract of land now owned by the town, and intended as a park.
Near it is the "Red Spring," and a mile or two north-east is "Den Rock,"
all of which are frequently visited by holiday bands of children, and by
students in hours of recreation.

The Andover records date from 1639, and the town was incorporated May 6,
1646. The story of Andover's progress from its foundation until the
present, is full of interest. The town's part in all the early movements
was most creditable, and full of intelligence. At the close of a
century of its life we find vigilance as to the character of its growing
population.

The authorities believed that whatsoever a town soweth, that shall it
also reap. It was therefore in vain that the "pauper immigrant" or
"criminal classes" knocked for admittance. It is said that the town was
"made up at the beginning of 'choice men,''very desirable' and 'good
Christians.'"[D]

    [D] Historical Sketches, p. 145.

[Illustration: CHAPEL, THEO. SEMINARY.]

[Illustration: PUNCHARD FREE SCHOOL.]

"The selectmen were empowered to examine into the character and habits
of all persons seeking residence, and to admit none who were idle or
immoral.


                                 ANDOVER, the 30th of January, 1719-20.

   _To_ MR. EBENEZER LOVEJOY, _constable_.

    GREETING:--Whereas there are severall Persons com to Reside in
    our Towne and we feare a futer charge and as the Law directs to prevent
    such charge, you are Requested in his Majesty's name forthwith to
    warn the severall persons under wrighten: to depart out of our Town
    as the law directs to, least they prove a futer charge to the
    Towne.

    [Signed by the Selectmen.]

"The town also encouraged desirable persons to settle by making them
grants of land, etc. Ministers and masters of grammar schools were
exempt from taxation."

[Illustration:
THE CHAPEL.    PHILLIPS HALL.    BARTLETT CHAPEL.
       BARTLETT HALL.    BRECHIN HALL.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.--GENERAL VIEW.]

In few places can the local features of the great Revolutionary struggle
be as well studied as in the ample and well-preserved records of
Andover. It would take many pages to tell what the town did in council
and on the field, in business, and at the fireside, to encourage the
patriots. So loyal was the town that its citizens were greatly trusted,
and a portion of Harvard College library was sent there for its greater
safety.

[Illustration: THE OLD MARK NEWMAN PUBLISHING HOUSE.]

A pleasant description of the town is given by Thomas Houghton, an
Englishman, who, writing from Andover in 1789, mentions several
characteristics of the people at that period. He says: "One thing I must
observe, which, I think, wants rectifying, that is, their pluming pride
when adjoined to apparent poverty,--no uncommon case!"

He adds that they grow "their own wool, which they also get spun,
weaved, and dyed, and both the gentlemen I am with, Hon. Samuel Phillips
and his father, who is a justice of the peace, generally appear in their
own manufacture, in imitation of the British."

[Illustration: SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.]

"As to property, it seems so well secured from principle in the people
that there is not such use of locks and bolts as in England. Even where
I am, we have five out-door and sixty-two sash windows; yet all the
barage on the doors is a wood catch on the door-snek."...

"Oh, what a country has Britain lost by her folly! But this is too
large a field to dwell on in a letter; the subject, from even poor me,
would easily draw forth a volume."[E]

    [E] Sketches of Andover, pp. 402-3.

Among the early students in Harvard College, from Andover, was one who
was destined to immortal renown. When the rebellious spirit against
England began to rise, Samuel Phillips, whose father, by the same name,
was then the representative to the General Court, was one of the most
earnest to fan the sacred flame. Choosing "Liberty" as the theme, while
in college he wrote: "We should watch against every encroachment, and
with the fortitude of calm, intrepid resolution oppose them. Unborn
generations will either bless us for our activity and magnanimity, or
curse us for our pusillanimity."

In 1775 he is chosen to represent the town in Provincial Congress, to be
held at the meeting-house in Watertown.

His great life-work now began, a work which will be more fully described
hereafter. In all the relations and duties of student, patriot, business
man, judge, lieutenant-governor, and founder of Phillips Academy, he won
for himself a good report, and helped to lay lasting foundations.

"Phillips School," as it was at first called, was opened April 30, 1778,
in a "rude building of one story about 30 x 25 feet, done off
temporarily in the plainest manner for the purpose, and not intended for
more than thirty or forty scholars." From this small beginning the
school has developed into the widely-famed Academy, which numbers more
than three thousand graduates, and under whose instruction have passed
about eleven thousand pupils. The limits of this article prevent a
notice of those alumni who have become justly famous, and also of the
very strong faculty of instructors, at whose head stands one of the
foremost of American educators, under whose wise direction Phillips is
fast becoming the synonyme of Rugby, and is already one of the important
sources of supply of student-life for Harvard and Yale.

In 1785 the "joiner's shop" gave place to a new academy, which stood
west of where Brechin Hall now stands, and which was burned in 1818. The
third academy, erected in the same year, is now used as the gymnasium.
In 1865 the present academy came into being. It is a noble structure,
with excellent facilities for educational work. Its spacious hall,
where occur the commencement exercises, and the annual contests for the
various prizes, is adorned by the portraits of many of the Academy's
illustrious dead.

The new laboratory is a part, already finished, of the proposed
building, for the use of the classes in the natural sciences.

For want of funds in hand, only the east wing has been built, and this
is now occupied by the class in analytical chemistry. When completed,
the building will be a beautiful and a convenient structure. The walls
will be of pressed brick laid in red mortar, with dark granite base, and
Nova Scotia sandstone trimmings. The roof will be covered with Monson
slate. The basement will be eleven feet high, mostly above ground, and
will serve for the force-pump, heating apparatus, and for rough storage.

The chemical laboratory will occupy the main floor, and will be a room
40 x 30 feet. Abundant light and air are to be supplied by windows on
three sides, and the system of ventilation will be excellent.

The advantages aimed at in this building are, ample space, freedom from
dampness, abundant light, the means of speedy and complete ventilation,
good drainage, a minimum of absorbing surfaces, and a minimum of fire
risk. The building, when completed, will have a small side-room for
books and balances, a private laboratory for the instructor in charge,
a spacious lecture-room, a drawing-room, cabinets for the various
collections in geology, mineralogy, etc., now inconveniently distant, a
dry store-room, also corridors, closets, and janitor's quarters,
complete.

The chaste and time-honored seal of Phillips Academy was the gift of
John Lowell and Oliver Wendell, the grandfathers of Oliver Wendell
Holmes; and probably, though not certainly, was engraved by Paul Revere.

     In 1807 the "Class in Theology" became a distinct institution, the
     first of the kind in the world, whose invested endowment now
     reaches nearly a million dollars and which has graduated nearly
     2,000 students. The Theological Seminary has passed her 75th
     anniversary; yet, as a representative and defender of whatever is
     most vigorous, active, and progressive in Christian orthodoxy, she
     holds an aegis that is ageless, and a sceptre imperishable. And it
     is said that no one man now living can read even the alphabets of
     all the languages through which her sons have sought to interpret
     the Word of God to the world. Previous to 1807 the Academy itself
     did a most important work in educating young men for the Christian
     ministry, and has contributed to the education of more clergymen
     than any similar school. The Academy has also been a large feeder
     of the Seminary and other theological schools, and for long periods
     has graduated every year from five to fifteen young men who have
     become ministers. Indeed the Academy has been called, not without
     reason, itself a Seminary.[F]

    [F] Prof. E. G. Coy, New Englander, July, 1885.

As another article will be written upon the founders and instructors of
the Seminary, we shall in this speak only of the buildings. At the north
end of the long, elm-shaded avenue stands the chapel. It is built in the
Gothic style, of Andover stone, trimmed with sandstone from Connecticut
and Ohio. It was dedicated in 1876, and is by far the most beautiful,
ecclesiastical structure in the town. The audience worshipping in it is
composed of professors and their families, the students of the
institutions, and a few families living near.

Then follow Phillips Hall and Bartlett Hall, and between them is
Bartlett Chapel, the two former serving as dormitories, and the latter
for lecture and recitation rooms. Nearly opposite the south end of the
avenue is the gymnasium, and in the foreground, nearer the main street,
is the imposing library building Brechin Hall.

Over three thousand students have been connected with this institution,
and the illustrations which accompany this article will awaken tender
and precious memories in the minds of many readers.

In 1830 it was determined to open a school in connection with Phillips
Academy, for the training of teachers. The Stone Academy was erected on
the square nearly opposite the present academy, and a dwelling-house,
also built of stone, was used as the workshop of the students. This
house afterwards became the residence of Prof. C. E. Stowe, D.D., and
his talented wife. It was while living here that she wrote her "Key to
Uncle Tom's Cabin," and received the kind and unkind notices of her
great work.

This school was discontinued in 1842, for lack of funds, and the
building was used as the head-quarters of the Academy,--the recitations
being made in what is now the gymnasium. About twenty years ago it was
burned, and the new academy erected.

Among the buildings in town which have been made historic is what is
known as "the old Andover Bookstore,"--so called to distinguish it from
the present publishing house. It stands on the top of the hill, is a
brick structure, and is now used as a dwelling-house.

     The Andover Press has always been closely allied with the literary
     institutions of the town. In 1809, but one year after the opening
     of the Theological Seminary, Mark Newman, who for fourteen years
     had been the eminently respected principal (the third) of Phillips
     Academy, resigned his office and engaged in the book business, in
     which he continued till near the close of his long life of nearly
     eighty-seven years. He died in 1859. Four years after Dea. Newman
     opened his bookstore, Flagg & Gould began the printing business, at
     first printing for Dea. Newman and others, but soon for themselves
     as publishers. The firm of Flagg & Gould remained unchanged for
     twenty years. In 1833 they admitted as partner Mark H. Newman, son
     of Dea. Newman. Mr. Flagg died the same year; Gould & Newman
     continued the business till 1841. They were succeeded by Allen,
     Morrill, & Wardwell in 1841, W. H. Wardwell in 1847, Flagg &
     Wardwell in 1848, W. F. Draper in 1849.

     The relations of the publishing business to the Seminary and the
     enthusiasm for theological learning inspired by Prof. Stuart are
     well illustrated in the title of Newcome's "Harmony of the
     Gospels," published soon after Flagg & Gould opened their
     printing-office: "A Harmony in Greek of the Gospels, with Notes, By
     William Newcome, D.D., Dublin, 1778: Reprinted from the Text and
     Select Various Readings of Griesbach, by the Junior Class in the
     Theological Seminary at Andover, under the Superintendence of Moses
     Stuart, Associate Professor of Sacred Literature in said Seminary.
     Andover: Printed by Flagg and Gould. 1814." This was probably the
     first book in Greek published here. Other books have occasionally
     been published by the students of the Seminary. The first book in
     Hebrew printed at the Andover Press was Stuart's Hebrew Grammar,
     the Professor himself superintending the type-setting. Inspired by
     his zeal, Dr. Codman, in 1821, gave to the Seminary $2,000 for the
     purchase of type to be used for printing the Oriental languages, a
     kind of work then new in this country hence the name "Codman
     Press," which appears on the books of early date. Works or parts
     of works were printed in as many as ten Eastern languages, a
     speciality at Andover which has been continued to the present time.
     Equally zealous in his department was Dr. Porter, President, and
     Professor of Sacred Rhetoric, in directing the attention of the
     clergy to the study of pulpit eloquence. He published largely on
     that subject, some of his books attaining a very extensive sale.
     Prof. Stuart also published here his Commentaries, some of which,
     at the time, greatly agitated the theological world. They still
     abide the test of time and survive among the fittest. Having
     published as many as six editions of his own Hebrew Grammars, he
     translated that of Gesenius, and, in connection with Dr. Robinson,
     he translated also the first edition of Winer's New Testament Greek
     Grammar, then a book of 176 pages, now, in its
     seventh--Thayers--edition, one of 746 pages. Both of these works in
     their greatly improved form still hold the foremost rank as
     text-books in their respective departments.

     Not far from one hundred and fifty different works of 8vo size,
     some of them containing several volumes, among these the
     "Bibliotheca Sacra," now entering on its forty-third year, until
     lately edited by Prof. E. A. Park, one of its founders; over one
     hundred and fifty books of 12mo and smaller sizes, and more than
     two hundred pamphlets, have been published in Andover. Many of
     these works were written here (also many others published
     elsewhere), and were the outgrowth of the institutions of the
     place.

At the centennial celebration of Phillips Academy, after speaking of the
literary industry of the faculty, it was said, "There have been forty
professors, but their wives and daughters, six women, have published
books which have had a circulation of at least a million copies."

The Punchard Free School was opened for instruction in 1856. It is
the High School of the town, founded and endowed by Mr. Benjamin H.
Punchard, who left the sum of $70,000 for the founding of a free school.
The school-house is beautifully situated on Punchard avenue, and
hundreds of Andover's boys and girls have received great benefit from
Mr. Punchard's wise generosity.

William G. Goldsmith, A.M., of Andover, who was the fourth principal,
and a graduate of Harvard College, was elected in 1858. He resigned in
1870, but was reelected in 1871, and served until his recent appointment
to the service of the Government. The universal respect and affection of
the numerous alumni of "Punchard" are the well-earned eulogy of his
faithful work.

Its character for good citizenship has never been lost by Andover. There
is a sensitiveness to evil and a vigilant eye for immoralities, which
form the best possible safeguards for a town's good name.

The policy of the town is at once conservative and progressive. The
majority sentiment is easily that of an intelligent class of people, who
earnestly seek true progress in all directions, but prefer that all
foolish experiments should be made by other communities.

The business of the town is such as the local demands would naturally
create, and in addition are the large manufacturing interests, at
Ballard Vale: the Tyer Rubber Company, the Stevens Mills of Marland
Village, and the Mills of Smith, Dove, & Co., the makers of the
well-known "Andover Thread." All these firms have secured such a
reputation for their goods that while a period of business depression
may lessen the profits it has little effect upon the number of hands
employed. The present population of Andover is 5,711. The growth of the
town is not rapid, but has been more so of late than formerly. The
student and business elements steadily increase, and the farm-houses in
the remote parts of the town are favorite summer resorts of such persons
as business connections keep close to Boston, but who wish to escape the
heat and noise of the city.

The number of voters is 893, and of a total vote of 468 upon the
question, "Shall licenses be granted for the sale of intoxicating
liquors in this town?" the recent declaration was Yes, 141, No, 327. The
desire for improvement in the town can easily be inferred from a
statement of the appropriations for the current year. They amounted to
$77,283.67, of which the following are items:--

     _Voted_ to appropriate the following sums for the different
     departments: For schools, $10,700; school-houses, $1,800;
     school-books, $1,000; sidewalks, $1,000; removing snow, $800;
     town-officers, $2,500; town-house, $600; fire department, $3,500;
     street lamps, $950; printing and stationery, $500; Spring Grove
     cemetery, and avails of sales of lots, $300; Memorial Day, $175;
     State aid, $1,400; additional pay to soldiers, $600; almshouse
     expenses, $4,500; almshouse, relief out of, $3,000; repairs on
     almshouse, $500; hay-scales, $50; State tax, $6,000; county tax,
     $6,000; adjustment of taxes, $500; discount on taxes, $2,000;
     abatement