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  THE

  ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

  AT THE

  WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXHIBITION,

  CHICAGO, 1893

  ++ PLEASE NOTE MAP.




  THE

  ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY

  AT THE

  WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXHIBITION,

  CHICAGO, 1893.

  GEOGRAPHY, RURAL INDUSTRIES, COMMERCE, GENERAL STATISTICS.

  BY

  CARLOS MARIA DE PENA

  AND

  HONORE ROUSTAN, Director of the General Statistics Office

  TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY J. J. RETHORE.

  MONTEVIDEO.

  1893




NOTICE.


  MONTEVIDEO, December 31st, 1892.

_To the Hon. President of "Chicago Exhibition" Executive Committee:_

On delivering the Spanish text of these notes and statistical
inquiries, the compiling of which we have taken under our care as
a patriotic duty, it is convenient to observe that, if the present
work principally contains facts and particulars only relative to the
year 1891, it is because complete general statistics covering the
year 1892 are not yet to be had, as the "Board of Statistics" do not
publish the "Annual" till the second quarter of the year 1893, and
also because it has been considered better to conserve a certain
general unity in the compiling of facts and particulars. If, in a few
special cases, any particulars of the year 1892 have been quoted, it
was merely with the purpose of supplying to some deficiency.

The time which the Commission has had to dispose has been very short
for a work of this kind; the particulars that existed at the "Board
of Statistics" had to be used, and it was impossible to get any new
ones, at least as completely and as quickly as it was required; and
that if, notwithstanding so many difficulties, it has been possible
to deliver the present work in due time, it is because the Director
of the "Board of General Statistics" had already compiled nearly all
of it, so that the only thing to be done has been to introduce a few
short amplifications, sometimes to change the order, and some others
to make a few important corrections.

The only thing we are sorry for, is not to have received all the
particulars and information we had asked for, so as to give to the
present work a greater novelty and a more seducing form--that, with a
greater number of facts and particulars, might reveal what is, what
can be, and what is to be, one day or other the Oriental Republic,
with all its economical and social elements, and with all the new
elements that will be created, owing to the benefits of peace and
owing to the work and energy of the inhabitants, under the protecting
shield of a severe and provident Administration.

Having concluded this work which was committed to our care, and
thinking that the translator, Mr. J. J. RETHORE, will finish his in
the first fortnight of the next year, we have the honor of saluting
the Honorable President with all our greatest consideration and
esteem.

  HONORE ROUSTAN.

  CARLOS M. DE PENA.


  MINISTER OF FOREIGN RELATIONS,
  MONTEVIDEO, Jan. 27, 1893.

  _To the Consul-General:_

     The Government has this day issued the following decree:
     Ministry of Foreign Relations. Decree. Montevideo, January 27,
     1893.

In view of the representation made by the Ministry of Public Works
(Fomento) in a note of present date, the President of the Republic
decrees:

ARTICLE 1. The following are appointed as members of the Commission
representing the Republic of Uruguay in the Universal Exposition at
Chicago: President, Senor Don Prudencio de Murguiondo, Consul-General
in the United States of North America; Special Commissioner, Don
Lucio Rodriguez Diez; and Regular Commissioner, Don Alberto Gomez
Ruano, Dr. Don Eduardo Chucarro, and Don Ricardo Hughes.

ART. 2. The said Commissioners will arrange directly with the Central
Commission at Montevideo in everything relating to their duties.

ART. 3. Let this decree be published and recorded.

  Signed:      HERRERA Y OBES,
               MANUEL HERRERO Y ESPINOSA.

Any information regarding Uruguay will be cheerfully given by the
Commissioners at Chicago till the Exposition closes, and after that
by the Consul-General of Uruguay, at Washington, D. C., or the
following Consuls and Vice-Consuls.


_CONSULS._

  THOMAS A. EDDY,           NEW YORK.
  KAFAEL S. SALAS,          SAVANNAH, GA.
  JOSE COSTA,               SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
  LEONCE RABILLON,          BALTIMORE, MD.
  JAMES E. MARRETT,         PORTLAND, MAINE.
  EDUARDO FORNIAS,          PHILADELPHIA.
  C. C. TURNER,             CHICAGO, ILL.


_VICE-CONSULS._

  ARTHUR CARROLL,           BOSTON, MASS.
  THOMAS C. WATSON,         PENSACOLA, FLA.
  HENRY T. DUNN,            BRUNSWICK, GA.
  W. A. MURCHIE,            CALAIS, MAINE.
  N. B. BORDEN,             FERNANDINA, FLA.
  JAMES HAUGHTON,           {NORFOLK, NEWPORT NEWS
                            {  AND YORKTOWN.
  GEORGE A. BARKSDALE,      RICHMOND, VA.
  WILLIAM N. HARRIS,        WILMINGTON, N. C.
  G. H. GREEN,              NEW ORLEANS.
  F. B. GENOVAE,            ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
  CHARLES F. HUCHET,        CHARLESTON, S. C.
  R. W. STEWART,            BANGOR, MAINE.
  ALFRED THOMAS SHAW,       MOBILE, ALA.
  ARTHUR HOMER,             GALVESTON, TEXAS.
  H. F. KREBS,              PASCAGOULA, MISS.




THE ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY.

(SOUTH AMERICA.)


Discovery--Situation--Limits--Configuration--Perimeter--Superficies.

The territory of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, situated within
the temperate zone of South America, was discovered in the beginning
of the sixteenth century by the famous Spanish cosmographer, Juan
Diaz de Solis.

Its geographical situation is comprised between the 30 deg., 5' and 35 deg.
degrees of latitude S. and the 56th 15' and 60th 45' of longitude W.,
according to the Paris meridian.

North and eastward it confines with the United States of Brazil, and
westward with the Argentine Republic.

Its limits are: On the north, the river Cuareim, the _cuchilla_ or
ridge of hills of Santa Ana, and the right bank of the river Yaguaron
Grande; on the east, the occidental coast of Lake Merin and the river
Chuy, which empties into the Atlantic ocean; on the west, the river
Uruguay, which separates it from the Argentine Republic; on the
south, the river Plate.

Its configuration is somewhat that of a many-sided polygon,
surrounded in its greatest part by water, except its northern part,
where it is bounded by the terrestrial frontier, which separates it
from the Brazilian Republic.

Its perimeter is of 1846 kilom. 850 m., out of which 1073 kilom.
750 m. are sea and river coasts, remaining 773 kilom. 100 m. of
terrestrial line.

Its superficies is 186,920 square kilom.


Aspect--Climate--Meteorology.

The prevailing aspect of the country presents itself with continuous
undulations, formed by the numerous _cuchillas_ or ridges of hills,
which shoot in all directions.

The hills are covered with rich pasture grounds.

Trees of all kinds stand along the banks of the principal rivers and
rivulets which flow, winding about, over great extensions of land,
and water the fertile meadows, forming, under a quiet and generally
clear sky, a charming landscape all over, which invites to employ
usefully such manifold natural riches that have just begun, being
cultivated and worked in a vast scale and with fruitful results.

Although it is not a mountainous country, its highlands are numerous.
The principal heights are the hills of Santa Ana, 490 m.; the hills
of Haedo, 400 m.; the Cuchilla Grande (high hills), 458 m. To all
these hills join a great many others less high, the declivity of
which form the lakes, ponds and rivers that give a great variety to
the hydrography of