



Produced by deaurider, Brian Wilcox and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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Transcriber’s notes:

The spelling, punctuation and hyphenation are as the original except
for apparent typographical errors, which have been corrected.

  Italic text is denoted _thus_.
  Bold text is denoted =thus=.
  Bold, sans serif text, representing physical appearance e.g., of a
    ‘Tee’ shaped wrench is denoted thus ^T^.

Both ‘gauge’ and ‘gage’ appear in the text and have not been changed.

FIG. 454. is used twice in the original book, the 2nd occurrence has
been renamed FIG. 454A.

FIG. 551 was omitted from the original sequence of illustrations.

Units of pressure, e.g., ‘pounds’ and ‘lbs.’ should be ‘pounds per
square inch’ and ‘lbs. per square inch’ respectively, for completeness.
This is left as printed in the original book.




PUMPS

AND

HYDRAULICS.

IN TWO PARTS.


Part Two.

[Illustration: TEN THOUSAND HORSE POWER.

(See Part One, Page 133.)]




PUMPS

AND

HYDRAULICS

BY

WILLIAM ROGERS

_Author of “Drawing and Design,” etc._

[Illustration]

_RELATING TO_

  HAND PUMPS; POWER PUMPS; PARTS OF PUMPS; ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS;
  STEAM PUMPS, SINGLE, DUPLEX AND COMPOUND; PUMPING ENGINES, HIGH DUTY
  AND TRIPLE EXPANSION; THE STEAM FIRE ENGINE; UNDERWRITERS’ PUMPS;
  MINING PUMPS; AIR AND VACUUM PUMPS; COMPRESSORS; CENTRIFUGAL AND
  ROTARY PUMPS; THE PULSOMETER; JET PUMPS AND THE INJECTOR; UTILITIES
  AND ACCESSORIES; VALVE SETTING; MANAGEMENT; CALCULATIONS, RULES AND
  TABLES.

_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS._


_ALSO_


  GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS; GLOSSARY OF PUMP TERMS; HISTORICAL
  INTRODUCTION, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS; THE ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-MECHANICS,
  HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS; GRAVITY AND FRICTION; HYDRAULIC
  MEMORANDA; LAWS GOVERNING FLUIDS; WATER PRESSURE MACHINES; PUMPS AS
  HYDRAULIC MACHINES, ETC.

PART TWO.


PUBLISHED BY

THEO. AUDEL & COMPANY

  72 FIFTH AVE.,
    NEW YORK, U.S.A.

  7, IMPERIAL ARCADE,
    LUDGATE CIRCUS, E.C.,
    LONDON, ENG.




  Copyrighted, 1905, by

  THEO. AUDEL & CO., NEW YORK.

  Entered at Stationers Hall, London, England.

  Protected by International Copyright in Great Britain and all
  her Colonies, and, under the provisions of the
  Berne Convention, in

  Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Tunis,
  Hayti, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montinegro
  and Norway.

  Printed in the United States.




TABLE OF CONTENTS

_Part TWO._

  The divisions of Part Two are represented by the following headings:
  each subject is fully treated and illustrated on the pages shown:


                                                  pages
    INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO                       1-10

    THE AIR PUMP                                  13-30

    AIR AND VACUUM PUMPS                          31-56

    AIR COMPRESSORS                               57-78

    THE AIR LIFT PUMP                             79-90

    THE STEAM FIRE ENGINE                        91-142

    MISCELLANEOUS PUMPS                         143-176

    MINING PUMPS                                145-155

    MARINE PUMPS                                155-162

    “SUGAR-HOUSE” PUMPS                         165-167

    CIRCULATING PUMPS                               168

    ATMOSPHERIC PUMPS                           169-170

    AMMONIA OR ACID PUMPS                           171

    THE SCREW PUMP                              175-176

    AERMOTOR PUMPS                              177-192

    ROTARY AND CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS                193-229

    TURBINE PUMPS                               231-242

    INJECTORS AND EJECTORS                      243-266

    PULSOMETER AQUA-THRUSTER                    267-280

    PUMP SPEED GOVERNORS                        281-296

    CONDENSING APPARATUS                        297-314

    UTILITIES AND ATTACHMENTS                   315-334

    TOOLS, VALVES AND PIPING                    335-356

    PIPES, JOINTS AND FITTINGS                  357-368

    USEFUL NOTES                                369-386

    TABLES AND DATA                             387-400

    READY REFERENCE INDEX TO PART TWO




PREFACE.


The owner of a great tannery had once an improvement in making leather
proposed to him by a foreman, but the merchant could not comprehend
it even with the most earnest verbal explanation. As a last resort he
said, “put it in writing so that I can study it out.” This was done and
the change after an examination of the paper was made as advised. So in
these volumes much important information is written and printed that it
may be “studied out.”

The author believes the following features of his work adapt it to the
purpose for which it was designed:

1. It contains no more than can be mastered by the average engineer
and those associated with him, such as millwrights, machinists,
superintendents of motor power, electric stations, water works, etc.

2. It is thoroughly systematized. The order and development of subjects
is thought to be logical, and the arrangement of topics especially
adapted to the needs of those who aspire to do the best service in
their every day responsibilities.

3. The work is written in accordance with modern theories and practice;
no exertion has been spared in the attempt to make it fairly represent
the latest state of the science of hydraulics and its adaptation to
the needs of modern mechanical advancement, _i.e._, in the line of
practical hydraulics.

  NOTE.—The preface is almost invariably made after the book itself
  is finished, for an author never knows with much exactness whither
  his researches will lead him. The book he begins is not always the
  book he finished; this is especially the case with books relating
  to modern sciences and industry. As an instance of this, it may be
  told that at the commencement of this work it was generally agreed
  that the easy “lift” of the centrifugal pump was some sixty or eighty
  feet, and not much more, but the appropriate section relating to
  centrifugal pumps has reached a lift of two thousand feet had been
  practically assured by recent discoveries. This important difference
  demanded a change in the writing although—as it happened—not in the
  printing. This, to explain why here, the author gives generous praise
  to others who have assisted in the long task of making these volumes.

4. It has been made by “men who know for men who care,” for the whole
circle of the sciences consists of principles deduced from the
discoveries of different individuals, in different ages, thrown into
common stock; this is especially so of the science of hydraulics; thus
it may be truthfully owned that the work contains the gathered wisdom
of the ages, utilized wherever the author has found that it would
increase the usefulness of the volumes.

5. It is a work of reference minutely indexed. We are warned by Prof.
Karl Pearson that “education can only develope; it cannot create. If
a man has not inherited ability to learn, education cannot make him
learn,” but in a well indexed book, simply and plainly written, both
classes referred to are equally benefited.

There came the moment, once upon a time, when the author of this book,
in his eager pursuit of knowledge, asked one question too much, to
which he received the “gruff” answer:

“Look ahere, I don’t propose to make a dictionary of myself.”

This was a painful retort from a man already under large obligations to
the questioner, but it had