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                                 WASPS

                          SOCIAL AND SOLITARY

[Illustration:
                                         Page 266
PELOPÆUS ON NEST, GROUP OF FINISHED CELLS, AND TUBE OPENED TO SHOW
SPIDERS]




                                 WASPS

                          SOCIAL AND SOLITARY


                                  BY

                           GEORGE W. PECKHAM

                                  AND

                         ELIZABETH G. PECKHAM


                        WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY

                            JOHN BURROUGHS


                  _ILLUSTRATIONS BY JAMES H. EMERTON_


    “Bold sons of air and heat, untamed, untired.”—ILIAD, Book XVII

  [Illustration: LOGO]

                          BOSTON AND NEW YORK

                     HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY

                    The Riverside Press, Cambridge

                                 1905




     COPYRIGHT 1905 BY GEORGE W. PECKHAM AND ELIZABETH G. PECKHAM

                          ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


                        _Published April, 1905_




NOTE


A PART of the matter presented in this volume was published several
years ago by the Wisconsin Biological Survey, under the title
“Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” These chapters have
been revised and modified, and new matter based upon later work has
been added, in the hope that in their present less technical form the
observations recorded will be of interest to the general reader.

For a number of the text cuts used in this volume we are indebted to
the courtesy of Dr. E. A. Birge, Director of the Wisconsin Geological
and Natural History Survey.




                               CONTENTS


  CHAPTER                                                           PAGE

     I. COMMUNAL LIFE                                                  1

    II. AMMOPHILA AND HER C