



Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Chuck Greif and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
(This file was made using scans of public domain works
from the University of Michigan Digital Libraries.)







                       HISTORY OF JULIUS CAESAR.

                                VOL. I.

The Publishers hereby announce that all rights of translation and
reproduction abroad are reserved.

This volume was entered at the office of the Minister of the Interior
(_depose au Ministere de l'Interieur_) in March, 1865.

The only Editions and Translations sanctioned by the Author are the
following:

_French._--HENRI PLON, Printer and Publisher of the "_History of Julius
Caesar_," 8 Rue Garanciere, Paris.

_English._--CASSELL, PETTER, and GALPIN, Publishers, La Belle Sauvage
Yard, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

_American._--HARPER and BROTHERS, Franklin Square, New York. (Authorized
by the English Publishers.)

_German._--CHARLES GEROLD, FILS, Printers and Publishers, Vienna.

_Italian._--LEMONNIER, Printer and Publisher, Florence.

_Portuguese._--V. AILLAUD, GUILLARD, and Co., Paris, Publishers, and
Agents for Portugal and Brazil.

_Russian._--B. M. WOLFF, Bookseller and Publisher, St. Petersburg.

_Danish_, _Norwegian_, _Swedish._--CARL B. LORCK, Consul General for
Denmark, Bookseller and Publisher, Leipsic.

_Hungarian._--MAURICE RATH, Bookseller and Publisher, Pesth.

[Illustration: CAIVS JVLIVS CAESAR

New York: Harper & Brothers.]




                       HISTORY OF JULIUS CAESAR.

                                VOL. I.

                               NEW YORK:

                    HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,

                           FRANKLIN SQUARE.

                                 1866.




                               CONTENTS.


                                BOOK I.

ROMAN HISTORY BEFORE CAESAR.


CHAPTER I.

ROME UNDER THE KINGS.

                                                                    PAGE

  I. THE KINGS FOUND THE ROMAN INSTITUTIONS                            1

 II. SOCIAL ORGANISATION                                               3

III. POLITICAL ORGANISATION                                            6

 IV. RELIGION                                                         15

  V. RESULTS OBTAINED BY ROYALTY                                      20


CHAPTER II.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSULAR REPUBLIC (244-416).

  I. ADVANTAGE OF THE REPUBLIC                                        25

 II. INSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC                                     31

III. TRANSFORMATION OF THE ARISTOCRACY                                36

 IV. ELEMENTS OF DISSOLUTION                                          42

  V. RESUME                                                           53


CHAPTER III.

CONQUEST OF ITALY (416-488).

    I. DESCRIPTION OF ITALY                                           62

   II. DISPOSITIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF ITALY IN REGARD TO ROME          65

  III. TREATMENT OF THE VANQUISHED PEOPLES                            68

   IV. SUBMISSION OF LATIUM AFTER THE FIRST SAMNITE WAR               75

    V. SECOND SAMNITE WAR                                             78

   VI. THIRD SAMNITE WAR--COALITION OF SAMNITES, ETRUSCANS, UMBRIANS,
AND HERNICI (443-449)                                                 82

  VII. FOURTH SAMNITE WAR--SECOND COALITION OF THE SAMNITES,
ETRUSCANS, UMBRIANS, AND GAULS (456-464)                              85

 VIII. THIRD COALITION OF THE ETRUSCANS, GAULS, LUCANIANS, AND
TARENTUM (469-474)                                                    88

   IX. PYRRHUS IN ITALY--SUBMISSION OF TARENTUM (474-488)             89

    X. PREPONDERANCE OF ROME                                          92

   XI. STRENGTH OF THE INSTITUTIONS                                   97


CHAPTER IV.

PROSPERITY OF THE BASIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BEFORE THE PUNIC WARS.

    I. COMMERCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN                                 104

   II. NORTHERN AFRICA                                               105

  III. SPAIN                                                         110

   IV. SOUTHERN GAUL                                                 114

    V. LIGURIA, CISALPINE GAUL, VENETIA, AND ILLYRIA                 115

   VI. EPIRUS                                                        118

  VII. GREECE                                                        119

 VIII. MACEDONIA                                                     124

   IX. ASIA MINOR                                                    126

    X. KINGDOM OF PONTUS                                             127

   XI. BITHYNIA                                                      130

  XII. CAPPADOCIA                                                    131

 XIII. KINGDOM OF PERGAMUS                                           132

  XIV. CARIA, LYCIA, AND CILICIA                                     135

   XV. SYRIA                                                         137

  XVI. EGYPT                                                         143

 XVII. CYRENAICA                                                     146

XVIII. CYPRUS                                                        147

  XIX. CRETE                                                         148

   XX. RHODES                                                        148

  XXI. SARDINIA                                                      151

 XXII. CORSICA                                                       152

XXIII. SICILY                                                        152


CHAPTER V.

PUNIC WARS AND WARS OF MACEDONIA AND ASIA (488-621).

   I. COMPARISON BETWEEN ROME AND CARTHAGE                           155

  II. FIRST PUNIC WAR (490-513)                                      158

 III. WAR OF ILLYRIA (525)                                           165

  IV. INVASION OF THE CISALPINES (528)                               167

   V. SECOND PUNIC WAR (536-552)                                     169

  VI. RESULTS OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR                                182

 VII. THE MACEDONIAN WAR (554)                                       189

VIII. WAR AGAINST ANTIOCHUS (563)                                    194

  IX. THE WAR IN THE CISALPINE (558-579)                             196

   X. WAR AGAINST PERSIA (583)                                       199

  XI. MODIFICATION OF ROMAN POLICY                                   204

 XII. THIRD PUNIC WAR (605-608)                                      212

XIII. GREECE, MACEDONIA, NUMANTIA, AND PERGAMUS REDUCED TO PROVINCES 215

 XIV. SUMMARY                                                        219


CHAPTER VI.

THE GRACCHI, MARIUS, AND SYLLA (621-676).

   I. STATE OF THE REPUBLIC                                          224

  II. TIBERIUS GRACCHUS (621)                                        232

 III. CAIUS GRACCHUS (631)                                           238

  IV. WAR OF JUGURTHA (637)                                          246

   V. MARIUS (647)                                                   249

  VI. WARS OF THE ALLIES                                             256

 VII. SYLLA (666)                                                    262

VIII. EFFECTS OF SYLLA'S DICTATORSHIP                                278

       *       *       *       *       *

                               BOOK II.

                       HISTORY OF JULIUS CAESAR.


CHAPTER I.

(654-684.)

  I. FIRST YEARS OF CAESAR                                            281

 II. CAESAR PERSECUTED BY SYLLA (672)                                 290

III. CAESAR IN ASIA (673, 674)                                        293

 IV. CAESAR ON HIS RETURN TO ROME (