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NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. IV.--No. 103. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18. 1851.

Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._




CONTENTS.

                                                                Page


      NOTES:--

      The Caxton Memorial, by Beriah Botfield                    289

      Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher                       290

      Poetical Coincidences, by T. C. Smith                      291

      Folk Lore:--Medical Use of Pigeons--Michaelmas
      Goose; St. Martin's Cock--Surrey Folk Lore                 291

      The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney                        292

      Minor Notes:--"They that touch pitch"--Pasquinade--Two
      Attempts to show the Sound of "ough" final                 292

      QUERIES:--

      Can Bishops vacate their Sees?                             293

      Sanderson and Taylor                                       293

      Minor Queries:--"Vox vere Anglorum"--"Sacro
      Sancta Regum Majestas"--Translator of Horrebow's
      "Iceland"--"Kings have their Conquests"--Dryden;
      Illustrations by T. Holt White--Pauper's
      Badge, Meaning of--The Landing of William Prince
      of Orange in Torbay, painted by J. Northcote, R.A.--The
      Lowy of Tunbridge--Bones of Birds--"Malvina,
      a Tragedy"--Rinuccini Gallery                              293

      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Meaning of Aneroid--Fox's
      Cunning                                                    295

      REPLIES:--

      Archbishop of Spalatro, by Rev. J. Sansom, &c.             295

      Anagrams                                                   297

      Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned, by Rev. A. Gatty,
      &c.                                                        297

      Marriage of Ecclesiastics                                  298

      Replies to Minor Queries:--Robert Douglas--The Leman
      Baronetcy--Cachecope Bell--"Dieu et mon Droit"--Defoe's
      House at Stoke Newington--Study of Geometry in
      Lancashire--Coke, how pronounced--Quistourne--Seneca's
      Medea--The Editor of Jewel's Works in
      Folio--Poetaster--Post Pascha--Linteamina and
      Surplices--Climate--Ancient Language of Egypt--Welwood's
      Memoirs                                                    299

      MISCELLANEOUS:--

      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     302

      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               303

      Notices to Correspondents                                  303

      Advertisements                                             303




Notes.


THE CAXTON MEMORIAL.

Few persons having a common object in view, and equally desirous of its
attainment, fail in carrying it into effect. The object of "The Caxton
Memorial" is obviously to do honour to the first English printer; and if
a man's best monument be his own works, it will be necessary to
ascertain of what they consist. It is well known that most of the works
printed by Caxton were translated from the French, many doubtless by
himself. The Prefaces were evidently his own, and the continuation of
the _Polychronicon_ was confessedly written by himself. The most
valuable contribution to "The Caxton Coffer" would be a list of the
works which it is proposed to publish as those of Caxton, with some
calculation of their probable extent and cost of production. The
originals being in many cases of extreme rarity, it would be necessary
to transcribe fairly each work, and to collate it with the original in
its progress through the press. The following enumeration of the
Translations alone will give some idea of the work to be undertaken:

_The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye._ (1471.)

_The Game and playe of the Chesse._ 1474.

_Thymage, or Myrrour of the World._ (1481.)

_The Historye of Reynart the foxe._ 1481.

_The laste siege and conqueste of Jherusalem._ 1481.

_The Golden Legende._ 1483.

_The Book called Cathon._ 1483.

_The Book of the techynge of the Knyght of the Toure._ (1484.)

_The Fables of Esope, Avian, Alfonce, and Poge._ 1484.

_The Booke of the ordre of Chyvalry or knyghthode._ (1484.)

_The Lyf of Prince Charles the Grete._ 1485.

_The Ryal Book, or Book for a kyng._ 1485.

_Thystorye of the noble knyght Parys_. (1485.)

_The Doctrinal of Sapience._ 1489.

_The Book of fayttee of armes and of Chyvalrye._ 1489.

_A lityl treatise of the arte to knowe well to dye._ 1490.

_The Boke of Eneydos compyled by Vyrgyle._ 1490.

_The Curial of Maystre Alain Charretier._ n. d.

_The Lyf of the holy Vyrgyn Saynt Wenefryde._ n. d.; and, lastly,

_The Vitas Patrum_, which was translated by Caxton in 1486, but printed
by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495.

Such are some of the materials for the "Memorial" suggested by MR.
BOLTON CORNEY; and if the original subscribers to a Monument should
consent to such an appropriation of their funds, it will be necessary to
apportion the number of copies to be distributed to each subscriber,
according to the amount of the original contribution. It is to be
presumed that the work will be strictly limited to subscribers, and
that no copies will be printed for sale, the object being, to do honour
to Caxton, and produce a lasting Memorial of that industrious printer.
The form of the work is of importance, with reference to the cost of its
production: and if a new life of the first English printer should
perchance be found necessary, "The Caxton Coffer" will require to be
considerably replenished before the literary undertaking can be carried
into effect.

    BERIAH BOTFIELD.


LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER.

In Lord Campbell's account of the conduct of Archbishop Williams, and
the advice which that prelate gave to Charles I. with respect to the
attainder of Lord Strafford, is a sentence which seems to require a
"Note." Having observed that "Williams's conduct with respect to
Strafford cannot be defended," and having referred particularly to his
speech in parliament, he proceeds in these words:--

  "The Bill of Attainder being passed, although he professed to
  disapprove of it, he agreed to go with three other prelates to try
  to induce the king to assent to it, and thus he stated the
  question:--'Since his Majesty refers his own judgment to his
  judges, and they are to answer it, if an innocent person
  suffers,--why may he not satisfy his conscience in the present
  matter, since competent judges in the law have awarded that they
  find the Earl guilty of treason, by suffering the judgment to
  stand, though in his own mind he is satisfied that the party
  convicted was not criminous?' The other three bishops, trusting to
  his learning and experience, joined with him in sanctioning this
  distinction, in laying all the blame on the judges, and in saying
  that the king, with a good conscience, might agree to Strafford's
  death. Clarendon mainly imputes Strafford's death to Williams's
  conduct on this occasion, saying that 'he acted his part with
  prodigious boldness and impiety.' It is stated as matter of
  palliation by others, that Ussher, the celebrated Archbishop of
  Armagh, was one of this deputation, and that Strafford, although
  aware of the advice he had given, was attended by him on the
  scaffold, and received from him the last consolations of
  religion."--_Lives of the Chancellors_, vol. ii. p. 494., second
  edition.

The account which Lord Campbell has here given is the same in substance
as that given by Bishop Hackett in his _Life of Williams_ (Part II. p.
161.), and in several particulars is calculated to mislead the reader.
The whole story has been very carefully examined by the late Dr.
Elrington in his _Life of Archbishop Ussher_. Hackett's account is very
incorrect. There were five prelates consulted by the king, Ussher,
Williams, Juxon, Morton (Durham) and Potter (Carlisle). The bishops had
two interviews with the king, one in the morning, and the other in the
evening of the same day. At the morning meeting Ussher was not present.
It was Sunday, and he was engaged at the time preaching at Covent
Garden. In the evening, he was in attendance, but so far from giving the
advice suggested by Williams, much less approving his pernicious
distinction between a public and private conscience, Ussher plainly
advised the king, that if he was not satisfied of Strafford being guilty
of treason, he "ought not in conscience to assent to his condemnation."
Such is the account given by Dr. Parr, Ussher's chaplain, who declares,
that, when the primate was supposed to be dying, he asked his Grace--

  "Whether he had advised the king to pass the bill against the Earl
  of Strafford? To which the Primate answered: 'I know there is such
  a thing most wrongfully laid to my charge; for I neither gave nor
  approved of any such advice as that the king should assent to the
  bill against the Earl; but, on the contrary, told his Majesty,
  that if he was satisfied by what he heard at his trial, that the
  Earl was not guilty of treason, his Majesty ought not in
  conscience to consent to his condemnation. And this the king knows
  well enough, and can clear me if he pleases.' The hope of the
  Primate was fulfilled, for, when a report reached Oxford that the
  Primate was dead, the king expressed in very strong terms, to
  Colonel William Legg and Mr. Kirk, who were then in waiting, his
  regret at the event, speaking in high terms of his piety and
  learning. Some one present said, 'he believed he might