



Produced by Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)






"Entered according to Act of the Provincial Legislature, for the
Protection of Copy-rights, in the year one thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six, by P. SINCLAIR, Quebec, in the Office of the Registrar of
the Province of Canada."




THE RISE
OF
CANADA,
FROM
BARBARISM
TO
WEALTH AND CIVILISATION.


BY

CHARLES ROGER,
QUEBEC.

    Una manus calamum teneat, manus altera ferrum,
      Sic sis nominibus dignus utrinque tuis.


VOLUME I.


QUEBEC: PETER SINCLAIR.

Montreal, H. Ramsay and B. Dawson; Toronto, A. H. Armour & Co.; London,
C. W., Andrews & Coombe; Port Hope, James Ainsley; New York, H. Long &
Brothers, D. Appleton & Co., J. C. Francis; Boston, Little & Brown;
Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston; London, Trubner & Co.

1856.

ST. MICHEL & DARVEAU, JOB PRINTERS,
No. 3, Mountain Street.




TO

JOSEPH MORRIN, ESQUIRE, M. D.,

MAYOR OF QUEBEC,

This Volume

IS DEDICATED, AS THE ONLY MONUMENT, WHICH CAN BE RAISED
TO ACKNOWLEDGED WORTH,

BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL

FRIEND AND SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

Quebec, December, 1855.




INDEX.


                                                           PAGE.

CHAPTER I.

    Canada Discovered                                         4
    Cartier's Arrival in the St. Lawrence                     5
    Commencement of the Fur Trade                             6
    Quebec Founded                                            7
    Exploration of the Ottawa                                 8
    The Cold--Lake Huron                                      9
    Sixty White Inhabitants                                  10
    The First Franco-Canadian                                11
    The Colonists Dissatisfied                               12
    The Hundred Associates                                   13
    Quebec Surrendered to the English                        14
    The Restoration--Death of Champlain                      15
    The Massacre at Sillery                                  16
    The Effect of Rum upon the Iroquois                      17
    Arrival of Troops--A Moon-Light Flitting                 18
    Swearing and Blasphemy--The Earthquake                   19
    The Physical Features of the Country                     20
    The First Governor and Council                           21
    First Settlement of old Soldiers                         22
    The Canada Company                                       23
    Kingston Founded                                         24
    The Small Pox--De Frontenac--Sale of Spirits             25
    Marquette--Jollyet--The Sieur La Salle                   26
    The First Vessel Built in Canada                         27
    Voyage of the Cataraqui--Tempest on Lake Erie            28
    Mouths of the Mississippi--Murder of La Salle            29
    Indian Difficulties--Fort Niagara                        30
    Deception and its Results                                31
    Massacre of Schenectady                                  32
    Education--Witchcraft                                    33
    Port Royal reduced by Phipps                             34
    De Frontenac's Penobscot Expedition                      35
    Trade--War--Population                                   36
    New England Expedition to Canada                         37
    Gen. Nicholson--Peace of Utrecht                         38
    Social Condition and Progress                            39
    Louisbourg--Shirley's Expedition                         40
    Siege of Louisbourg                                      41
    Surrender of Louisbourg                                  42
    A French Fleet Intercepted                               43
    The New Englanders' Convention                           44
    Surprise and Defeat of Braddock                          45
    Avariciousness of Bigot                                  46
    Capture of Oswego by Montcalm                            47
    Incompetent Generals--Change of Ministry                 48
    Abercrombie's attack on Ticonderoga                      49
    Surrender of Fort Frontenac                              50
    Wolfe's Invasion                                         51
    The Repulse at Montmorenci                               52
    The Battle of Quebec                                     53
    Death of Wolfe                                           54
    Death of Montcalm                                        55
    Canada ceded to England                                  56
    Canada and New England                                   57
    Quebec Act--Taxation without Representation              58


CHAPTER II.

    Representation in the Imperial Parliament                59
    Montgomery's Invasion                                    60
    Arnold--Montgomery--Allen                                61
    The American Siege--Death of Montgomery                  62
    Independence Refused by the Catholic Clergy              63
    The American Siege Raised                                64
    Independence--Defeat of Baum                             65
    The Surrender of Burgoyne                                66
    Western Canada divided into Districts                    67
    Divisions of the Province of Quebec                      68
    Lord Dorchester                                          69
    Governor-General Prescott                                70
    Governor Milnes                                          71
    The Royal Institution Founded                            72
    Cultivation of Hemp--Land Jobbing                        73
    The Lachine Canal--The Gaols Act                         74
    Trinity Houses Established--An Antagonism                75
    Mr. Dunn, Administrator                                  76
    Upper Canada--The Separation Act                         77
    Debate on the Separation Act                             78
    Mr. Fox's Speech                                         79
    Mr. Chancellor Pitt's Speech                             81
    Mr. Burke's Speech                                       82
    Governor Simcoe and his Parliament                       83
    Parliamentary Proceedings                                84
    Simcoe's Character                                       85
    London Founded--Simcoe's Prejudices                      86
    Selection of a Seat of Government                        87
    Simcoe and the Hon. John Young                           88
    The Newark Spectator                                     89
    First Parliament of Upper Canada                         90
    The Hon. Peter Russell                                   91
    General Hunter, Governor                                 92
    Hunter--New Ports of Entry                               93
    Collectors of Customs appointed                          94
    Parliamentary Business                                   95
    Grant and Gore                                           96
    Lower Canada--Importance of Parliament                   97
    Parliament Libelled                                      98
    The Honorable Herman Ryland                              99
    Mr. Ryland's hatred of Papacy                           100
    Romanism seriously threatened                           101
    No Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec                      102
    Mr. Plessis and Mr. Att'y. Gen'l.--Explanation          103
    A New Bishop Made--Ryland Angry                         104
    Churches and Education                                  105
    Lord Bishop Strachan                                    106
    The Church of England                                   107
    The Dissenters and Episcopacy                           108
    Gift of L20,000 to the King--Spencer Wood, &c.          109
    Garrison Pipeclay--the Habitants                        110
    A Provincial Agent in London                            111
    A Speck of War                                          112
    The Chesapeake Difficulty Settled                       113
    Feeling in the United States                            114
    War Preparations in Canada                              115
    Upper Canada--The Parliament                            116
    Governor General Sir James Craig                        117
    Ryland's Love for the New Governor                      118
    Services of Sir James Craig                             119
    Meeting of Parliament                                   120
    The Judges in Parliament                                121
    Expulsion of Mr. Hart                                   122
    Prorogation of Parliament                               123
    Mr. Parent and "The Canadien"                           124
    Dismissals from the Militia                             125
    Mr. Panet re-elected Speaker                            126
    The War--The Judges--Mr. Hart                           127
    Parliament Angrily Dissolved                            128
    French Hatred of the British Officials                  129
    Craig's Opinion of the French Canadians                 130
    Composition of the Assembly                             131
    Vilification of the "Gens en Place"                     132
    The Martello Towers                                     133
    The First Steamboat on the St. Lawrence                 134
    Death of Washington                                     135
    No Liberty of Discussion in the United States           136
    President Burr's Conspiracy                             137
    Madison--Erskine--and Jackson                           138
    Washington Diplomacy--A new Parliament                  139
    The Speech from the Throne                              140
    The Address in Reply                                    141
    The Civil List                                          142
    Civil List Resolutions                                  143
    The Resolutions Premature                               144
    Mr. Justice De Bonne                                    145
    An Antagonism--Parliament Dissolved                     146
    Rumors of Rebellion                                     147
    Seizure of the "Canadien"                               148
    Sir James' upon Obnoxious Writings                      149
    A Proclamation                                          150
    A Warning                                               151
    Misgovernment of the Country                            152
    An Apology for Misgovernment                            153
    The Red-Tapist and the Colonist                         154
    Arrogance of the Officials                              155
    The Craig Road completed                                156
    Meeting of a New Parliament                             157
    Mr. Bedard, M.P., in prison                             158
    Why Mr. Bedard was not liberated                        159
    Disqualification of the Judges                          160
    Departure of Sir James Craig                            161
    Mr. Peel on Canadian Affairs                            162
    Mr. Peel--Sir Vicary Gibbs                              163
    Legislation in Upper Canada                             164
    Brocke--Prevost--The "Little Belt"                      165


CHAPTER III.

    Sir George Prevost                                      166
    Opening of Parliament                                   167
    Embodiment of the Militia                               168
    Declaration of War by the United States                 169
    The Henry Plot                                          170
    Henry's Treachery                                       171
    The American Minority's Fears                           172
    United States unprepared for War                        173
    The Feeling in Canada                                   174
    Army Bills--Prorogation of Parliament                   175
    The Ste. Claire Riot                                    176
    The Commencement of Hostilities                         177
    Surrender of Michillimackinac                           178
    General Hull.--Proclamation--Amherstburgh               179
    Offensive operations by the British                     180
    The Battle of Maguago                                   181
    Bombardment of Detroit                                  182
    Surrender of General Hull                               183
    Hull in Montreal--His Excuse                            184
    Surrender of H.M.S. "Guerriere"--The Fight              185
    The "Guerriere" a wreck                                 186
    Abandonment of the "Guerriere"                          187
    The Northern States clamorous for peace                 188
    The Battle of Queenston--Death of Brocke                189
    The Victory--The Burial of Brocke                       190
    The "President" and "Belvidera"                         191
    The "Frolic" and the "Wasp"                             192
    The "Macedonian" and "United States"                    193
    The Lords of the Admiralty                              194
    The "Constitution" and the "Java"                       195
    Capture of the "Java"--Spirit of "The Times"            196
    Generals Sheaffe and Smyth                              197
    The Fleets on the Lakes                                 198
    De Salaberry--Lacolle                                   199
    Dearborn's Retreat                                      200
    Smyth's Attempt at Erie                                 201
    Meeting of the Lower Canadian Parliament                202
    The Prevalent Feeling--Mr. Jas. Stuart                  203
    Proceedings of Parliament                               204
    Mr. Ryland on the Press                                 205
    The "Mercury" upon Mr. Stuart                           206
    Opening of the next Campaign                            207
   