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Transcriber's Note

A number of typographical errors and inconsistencies have been
maintained in this version of this book. They have been marked with a
[TN-#], which refers to a description in the complete list found at the
end of the text. Oe ligatures have been expanded.




[Illustration: Fig. 1.--Gateway at Labna. [See p. 144.]




           ANCIENT AMERICA,
                  IN
    NOTES ON AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY.


      BY JOHN D. BALDWIN, A.M.,
  AUTHOR OF "PRE-HISTORIC NATIONS."


        _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS._


              NEW YORK:
    HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
           FRANKLIN SQUARE.




  Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by
  JOHN D. BALDWIN,
  In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.




PREFACE.


The purpose of this volume is to give a summary of what is known of
American Antiquities, with some thoughts and suggestions relative to
their significance. It aims at nothing more. No similar work, I believe,
has been published in English or in any other language. What is known of
American Archaeology is recorded in a great many volumes, English,
French, Spanish, and German, each work being confined to some particular
department of the subject, or containing only an intelligent traveler's
brief sketches of what he saw as he went through some of the districts
where the old ruins are found. Many of the more important of these works
are either in French or