II (OF 8)***


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CASSELL'S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND


CASSELL'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND

From the Wars of the Roses to the Great Rebellion

With Numerous Illustrations, Including  and Rembrandt Plates

VOL. II

The King's Edition







Cassell and Company, Limited
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
MCMIX

All Rights Reserved




CONTENTS


     CHAPTER I.

     WARS OF THE ROSES.                                            PAGE

     Cade's Rebellion--York comes over from Ireland--His Claims
     and the Unpopularity of the Reigning Line--His First
     Appearance in Arms--Birth of the Prince of Wales--York made
     Protector--Recovery of the King--Battle of St. Albans--York's
     second Protectorate--Brief Reconciliation of Parties--Battle of
     Blore Heath--Flight of the Yorkists--Battle of Northampton--York
     Claims the Crown--The Lords Attempt a Compromise--Death of York
     at Wakefield--Second Battle of St. Albans--The Young Duke of York
     Marches on London--His Triumphant Entry                         1


     CHAPTER II.

     REIGN OF EDWARD IV.

     The Battle of Towton--Edward's Coronation--Henry escapes to
     Scotland--The Queen seeks aid in France--Battle of Hexham--Henry
     made Prisoner--Confined in the Tower--Edward marries Lady
     Elizabeth Grey--Advancement of her Relations--Attacks on the
     Family of the Nevilles--Warwick negotiates with France--Marriage
     of Margaret, the King's Sister, to the Duke of Burgundy--Marriage
     of the Duke of Clarence with a Daughter of Warwick--Battle of
     Banbury--Rupture between the King and his Brother--Rebellion of
     Clarence and Warwick--Clarence and Warwick flee to France--Warwick
     proposes to restore Henry VI.--Marries Edward, Prince of Wales,
     to his Daughter, Lady Ann Neville--Edward IV.'s reckless
     Dissipation--Warwick and Clarence invade England--Edward
     expelled--His return to England--Battle of Barnet--Battle
     of Tewkesbury, and ruin of the Lancastrian Cause--Rivalry
     of Clarence and Gloucester--Edward's Futile Intervention in
     Foreign Politics--Becomes a Pensioner of France--Death of
     Clarence--Expedition to Scotland--Death and Character of the King
                                                                    17


     CHAPTER III.

     EDWARD V. AND RICHARD III.

     Edward V. proclaimed--The Two Parties of the Queen and of
     Gloucester--Struggle in the Council--Gloucester's Plans--The Earl
     Rivers and his Friends imprisoned--Gloucester secures the King and
     conducts him to London--Indignities to the young King--Execution
     of Lord Hastings--A Base Sermon at St. Paul's Cross--Gloucester
     pronounces the two young Princes illegitimate--The Farce at
     the Guildhall--Gloucester seizes the Crown--Richard crowned
     in London and again at York--Buckingham revolts against
     him--Murder of the two Princes--Henry of Richmond--Failure
     of Buckingham's Rising--Buckingham beheaded--Richards title
     confirmed by Parliament--Queen Dowager and her Daughters quit the
     Sanctuary--Death of Richard's Son and Heir--Proposes to Marry his
     Niece, Elizabeth of York--Richmond lands at Milford Haven--His
     Progress--The Troubles of Richard--The Battle of Bosworth--The
     Fallen Tyrant--End of the Wars of the Roses                    46


     CHAPTER IV.

     PROGRESS OF THE NATION IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

     The Study of Latin and Greek--Invention of Printing--Caxton--New
     Schools and Colleges--Architecture, Military, Ecclesiastical,
     and Domestic--Sculpture, Painting, and Gilding--The Art of
     War--Commerce and Shipping--Coinage                            64


     CHAPTER V.

     REIGN OF HENRY VII.

     Henry's Defective Title--Imprisonment of the Earl of Warwick--The
     King's Title to the Throne--His Marriage--Love Rising--Lambert
     Simnel--Henry's prompt Action--Failure of the Rebellion--The
     Queen's Coronation--The Act of Maintenance--Henry's Ingratitude
     to the Duke of Brittany--Discontent in England--Expedition to
     France and its Results--Henry's Second Invasion--Treaty of
     Etaples--Perkin Warbeck--His Adventures in Ireland, France,
     and Burgundy--Henry's Measures--Descent on Kent--Warbeck in
     Scotland--Invasion of England--The Cornish Rising--Warbeck
     quits Scotland--He lands in Cornwall--Failure of the
     Rebellion--Imprisonment of Warbeck and his subsequent
     Execution--European Affairs--Marriages of Henry's Daughter and
     Son--Betrothal of Catherine and Prince Henry--Henry's Matrimonial
     Schemes--Royal Exactions--A Lucky Capture--Henry proposes for
     Joanna--His Death                                              76


     CHAPTER VI.

     REIGN OF HENRY VIII.

     The King's Accession--State of Europe--Henry and Julius
     II.--Treaty between England and Spain--Henry is duped by
     Ferdinand--New Combinations--Execution of Suffolk--Invasion of
     France--Battle of Spurs--Invasion of England by the Scots--Flodden
     Field--Death of James of Scotland--Louis breaks up the Holy
     League--Peace with France--Marriage and Death of Louis XII.--Rise
     of Wolsey--Affairs in Scotland--Francis I. in Italy--Death of
     Maximilian--Henry a Candidate for the Empire--Election of
     Charles--Field of the Cloth of Gold--Wolsey's Diplomacy--Failure
     of his Candidature for the Papacy--The Emperor in London      102


     CHAPTER VII.

     REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (_continued_).

     The War with France--The Earl of Surrey Invades that Country--Sir
     Thomas More elected Speaker--Henry and Parliament--Revolt
     of the Duke of Bourbon--Pope Adrian VI. dies--Clement VII.
     elected--Francis I. taken Prisoner at the Battle of Pavia--Growing
     Unpopularity of Wolsey--Change of Feeling at the English
     Court--Treaty with France--Francis I. regains his liberty--Italian
     League, including France and England, established against the
     Emperor--Fall of the Duke of Bourbon at the Siege of Rome--Sacking
     of Rome, and Capture of the Pope--Appearance of Luther--Henry
     writes against the German Reformer--Henry receives from the
     Pope the style and Designation of "Defender of the Faith"--Anne
     Boleyn--Henry applies to the Pope for a Divorce from the
     Queen--The Pope's Dilemma--War declared against Spain--Cardinal
     Campeggio arrives in England to decide the Legality of Henry's
     Marriage with Catherine--Trial of the Queen--Henry's Discontent
     with Wolsey--Fall of Wolsey--His Banishment from Court and
     Death--Cranmer's advice regarding the Divorce--Cromwell cuts the
     Gordian Knot--Dismay of the Clergy--The King declared Head of the
     Church in England--The King's Marriage with Anne Boleyn--Cranmer
     made Archbishop--The Pope Reverses the Divorce--Separation of
     England from Rome                                             130


     CHAPTER VIII.

     REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (_continued_).

     The Maid of Kent and Her Accomplices--Act of Supremacy and
     Consequent Persecutions--The "Bloody Statute"--Deaths of Fisher
     and More--Suppression of the Smaller Monasteries--Trial and Death
     of Anne Boleyn--Henry Marries Jane Seymour--Divisions in the
     Church--The Pilgrimage of Grace--Birth of Prince Edward--Death
     of Queen Jane--Suppression of the Larger Monasteries--The
     Six Articles--Judicial Murders--Persecution of Cardinal
     Pole--Cromwell's Marriage Scheme--Its Failure and his Fall    158


     CHAPTER IX.

     REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (_concluded_).

     Divorce of Anne of Cleves--Catherine Howard's Marriage and
     Death--Fresh Persecutions--Welsh Affairs--The Irish Insurrection
     and its Suppression--Scottish Affairs--Catholic Opposition
     to Henry--Outbreak of War--Battle of Solway Moss--French and
     English Parties in Scotland--Escape of Beaton--Triumph of the
     French Party--Treaty between England and Germany--Henry's Sixth
     Marriage--Campaign in France--Expedition against Scotland--Capture
     of Edinburgh--Fresh Attempt on England--Cardinal Beaton and
     Wishart--Death of the Cardinal--Struggle between the two Parties
     in England--Death of Henry                                    183


     CHAPTER X.

     REIGN OF EDWARD VI.

     Accession of Edward VI.--Hertford's Intrigues--He becomes Duke
     of Somerset and Lord Protector--War with Scotland--Battle of
     Pinkie--Reversal of Henry's Policy--Religious Reforms--Ambition
     of Lord Seymour of Sudeley--He marries Catherine Parr--His
     Arrest and Death--Popular Discontents--Rebellion in
     Devonshire and Cornwall--Ket's Rebellion in Norfolk--Warwick
     Suppresses it--Opposition to Somerset--His Rapacity--Fall
     of Somerset--Disgraceful Peace with France--Persecution of
     Romanists--Somerset's Efforts to regain Power--His Trial and
     Execution--New Treason Law--Northumberland's Schemes for Changing
     the Succession--Death of Edward                               204


     CHAPTER XI.

     REIGN OF MARY.

     Proclamation of Lady Jane Grey--Mary's
     Resistance--Northumberland's Failure--Mary is Proclaimed--The
     Advice of Charles V.--Execution of Northumberland--Restoration
     of the Roman Church--Proposed Marriage with Philip of
     Spain--Consequent Risings throughout England--Wyatt's
     Rebellion--Execution of Lady Jane Grey--Imprisonment of
     Elizabeth--Marriage of Philip and Mary--England Accepts the Papal
     Absolution--Persecuting Statutes Re-enacted--Martyrdom of Rogers,
     Hooper, and Taylor--Di Castro's Sermon--Sickness of Mary--Trials
     of Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer--Martyrdom of Ridley and
     Latimer--Confession and Death of Cranmer--Departure of Philip--The
     Dudley Conspiracy--Return of Philip--War with France--Battle of
     St. Quentin--Loss of Calais--Death of Mary                    221


     CHAPTER XII.

     REIGN OF ELIZABETH.

     Accession of Elizabeth--Sir William Cecil--The Coronation--Opening
     of Parliament--Ecclesiastical Legislation--Consecration of
     Parker--Elizabeth and Philip--Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis--Affairs
     in Scotland--The First Covenant--Attitude of Mary of Guise--Riot
     at Perth--Outbreak of Hostilities--The Lords of the Congregation
     apply to England--Elizabeth hesitates--Siege of Leith--Treaty
     of Edinburgh--Return of Mary to Scotland--Murray's Influence
     over her--Beginning of the Religious Wars in France--Elizabeth
     sends Help to the Huguenots--Peace of Amboise--English Disaster
     at Havre--Peace with France--The Earl of Leicester--Project of
     his Marriage with Mary--Lord Darnley--Murder of Rizzio--Birth
     of Mary's Son--Murder of Darnley--Mary and Bothwell--Carberry
     Hill--Mary in Lochleven--Abdicates in favour of her Infant
     Son--Mary's Escape from Lochleven--Defeated at Langside--Her
     Escape into England                                           246


     CHAPTER XIII.

     REIGN OF ELIZABETH (_continued_).

     Elizabeth Determines to Imprison Mary--The Conference at
     York--It is Moved to London--The Casket Letters--Mary is sent
     Southwards--Remonstrances of the European Sovereigns--Affairs
     in the Netherlands--Alva is sent Thither--Elizabeth Aids the
     Insurgents--Proposed Marriage between Mary and Norfolk--The
     Plot is Discovered--Rising in the North--Its Suppression--Death
     of the Regent Murray--Its Consequences in Scotland--Religious
     Persecutions--Execution of Norfolk--Massacre of St.
     Bartholomew--Siege of Edinburgh Castle--War in France--Splendid
     Defence of La Rochelle--Death of Charles IX.--Religious War in the
     Netherlands--Rule of Don John--The Anjou Marriage--Deaths of Anjou
     and of William the Silent                                     274


     CHAPTER XIV.

     REIGN OF ELIZABETH (_continued_).

     Affairs of Ireland: Shane O'Neil's Rebellion--Plantation of
     Ulster--Spanish Descent on Ireland--Desmond's Rebellion--Religious
     Conformity--Campian and Parsons--The Anabaptists--Affairs
     of Scotland--Death of Morton--Success of the Catholics in
     Scotland--The Raid of Ruthven--Elizabeth's Position--Throgmorton's
     Plot--Association to Protect Elizabeth--Mary removed
     to Tutbury--Support of the Protestant Cause on the
     Continent--Leicester in the Netherlands--Babington's Plot--Trial
     of Mary--Her Condemnation--Hesitation of Elizabeth--Execution of
     Mary                                                          295


     CHAPTER XV.

     REIGN OF ELIZABETH (_concluded_).

     State of Europe on the Death of Mary--Preparations of Philip
     of Spain--Exploits of English Sailors--Drake Singes the King
     of Spain's Beard--Preparations against the Armada--Loyalty of
     the Roman Catholics--Arrival of the Armada in the Channel--Its
     Disastrous Course and Complete Destruction--Elizabeth at
     Tilbury--Death of Leicester--Persecution of the Puritans and
     Catholics--Renewed Expeditions against Spain--Accession of Henry
     of Navarre to the French Throne--He is helped by Elizabeth--Essex
     takes Cadiz--His Quarrels with the Cecils--His Second Expedition
     and Rupture with the Queen--Troubles in Ireland--Essex appointed
     Lord-Deputy--His Failure--The Essex Rising--Execution of
     Essex--Mountjoy in Ireland--The Debate on Monopolies--Victory of
     Mountjoy--Weakness of Elizabeth--Her last Illness and Death   313


     CHAPTER XVI.

     THE PROGRESS OF THE NATION IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

     The Tudors and the Nation--The Church--Population and
     Wealth--Royal Prerogative--Legislation of Henry VIII.--The Star
     Chamber--Beneficial Legislation--Treason Laws--Legislation
     of Edward and Mary--Elizabeth's Policy--Religion and
     the Church--Sketch of Ecclesiastical History under the
     Tudors--Literature, Science, and Art--Greatness of the
     Period--Foundation of Colleges and Schools--Revival of
     Learning--Its Temporary Decay--Prose Writers of the Period--The
     Poets--Scottish Bards--Music--Architecture--Painting and
     Sculpture--Furniture and Decorations--Arms and Armour--Costumes,
     Coins, and Coinage--Ships, Commerce, Colonies, and
     Manufactures--Manners and Customs--Condition of the People    342


     CHAPTER XVII.

     REIGN OF JAMES I.

     The Stuart Dynasty--Hopes and Fears caused by the Accession of
     James--The King enters England--His Progress to London--Lavish
     Creation of Peers and Knights--The Royal Entrance into the
     Metropolis--The Coronation--Popularity of Queen Anne--Ravages
     of the Plague--The King Receives Foreign Embassies--Rivalry
     of the Diplomatists of France and Spain--Discontent of
     Raleigh, Northumberland, and Cobham--Conspiracies against
     James--"The Main" and "The Bye"--Trials of the Conspirators--The
     Sentences--Conference with Puritans--Parliament of
     1604--Persecution of Catholics and Puritans--Gunpowder
     Plot--Admission of Fresh Members--Delays and Devices--The
     Letter to Lord Mounteagle--Discovery of the Plot--Flight of the
     Conspirators--Their Capture and Execution--New Penal Code--James's
     Correspondence with Bellarmine--Cecil's attempts to get
     Money--Project of Union between England and Scotland--The King's
     Collisions with Parliament--Insurrection of the Levellers--Royal
     Extravagance and Impecuniosity--Fresh Disputes with Parliament and
     Assertions of the Prerogative--Death of Cecil--Story of Arabella
     Stuart--Death of Prince Henry                                 404


     CHAPTER XVIII.

     REIGN OF JAMES I (_concluded_).

     Reign of Favourites--Robert Carr--His Marriage--Death of
     Overbury--Venality at Court--The Addled Parliament--George
     Villiers--Fall of Somerset--Disgrace of Coke--Bacon becomes
     Lord Chancellor--Position of England Abroad--The Scottish
     Church--Introduction of Episcopacy--Andrew Melville--Visit
     of James to Scotland--The Book of Sports--Persecution of the
     Irish Catholics--Examination into Titles--Rebellion of the
     Chiefs--Plantation of Ulster--Fresh Confiscations--Quarrel
     between Bacon and Coke--Prosperity of Buckingham--Raleigh's
     Last Voyage--His Execution--Beginning of the Thirty Years'
     War--Indecision of James--Despatch of Troops to the
     Palatinate--Parliament of 1621--Impeachment of Bacon--His
     Fall--Floyd's Case--James's Proceedings during the
     Recess--Dissolution of Parliament--Reasons for the Spanish
     Match--Charles and Buckingham go to Spain--The Match is Broken
     Off--Punishment of Bristol--Popularity of Buckingham--Change of
     Foreign Policy--Marriage of Charles and Henrietta Maria--Death
     of James                                                      448


     CHAPTER XIX.

     REIGN OF CHARLES I.

     Accession of Charles--His Marriage--Meeting of Parliament--Loan
     of Ships to Richelieu--Dissolution of Parliament--Failure of
     the Spanish Expedition--Persecution of the Catholics--The
     Second Parliament--It appoints three Committees--Impeachment
     of Buckingham--Parliament dissolved to save him--Illegal
     Government--High Church Doctrines--Rupture with France--Disastrous
     Expedition to Rhe--The Third Parliament--The Petition of
     Right--Resistance and Final Surrender of Charles--Parliament
     Prorogued--Assassination of Buckingham--Fall of La
     Rochelle--Parliament Reassembles and is Dissolved--Imprisonment
     of Offending Members--Government without Parliament--Peace
     with France and Spain--Gustavus Adolphus in Germany--Despotic
     Proceedings of Charles and Laud                               508


     CHAPTER XX.

     Reign of Charles I (_continued_).

     Visit of Charles to Scotland--Laud and the Papal See--His
     Ecclesiastical Measures--Punishment of Prynne, Bastwick, and
     Burton--Disgrace of Williams--Ship-money--Resistance of John
     Hampden--Wentworth in the North--Recall of Falkland from
     Ireland--Wentworth's Measures--Inquiry into Titles--Prelacy
     Riots in Edinburgh--Jenny Geddes's Stool--The Tables--Renewal
     of the Covenant--Charles makes Concessions--The General
     Assembly--Preparations for War--Charles at York--Leslie at
     Dunse Hill--A Conference held--Treaty of Berwick--Arrest of
     Loudon--Insult from the Dutch--Wentworth in England--The Short
     Parliament--Riots in London--Preparations of the Scots--Mutiny in
     the English Army--Invasion of England--Treaty of Ripon--Meeting of
     the Long Parliament--Impeachment of Strafford--His Trial--He is
     abandoned by Charles--His Execution--The King's Visit to
     Scotland                                                      550

[Illustration: DANDY OF THE TIME OF CHARLES I.

(_From a Broadside, dated 1646._)]




LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS


                                                                PAGE

    Dandy of the Time of Charles I.                               IX

    Eltham Palace, from the North-east                             1

    The Duke of York Challenged to Mortal Combat                   5

    View in Luebeck: The Church of St. Aegidius                     9

    Clifford's Tower: York Castle                                 12

    Rutland beseeching Clifford to spare his Life                 13

    The Quarrel in the Temple Gardens                             17

    Edward IV.                                                    20

    Dunstanburgh Castle                                           21

    Great Seal of Edward IV.                                      25

    Gold Rose Noble of Edward IV.                                 28

    Preaching at St. Paul's Cross                                 29

    Battle of Barnet: Death of the King-maker                     33

    Burial of King Henry                                          37

    Louis XI. and the Herald                                      41

    St. Andrews, from the Pier                                    45

    Great Seal of Edward V.                                       48

    Edward V.                                                     49

    The Tower of London: Bloody and Wakefield Towers              52

    Great Seal of Richard III.                                    53

    The Princes in the Tower                                      56

    Richard III.                                                  57

    Richard III. at the Battle of Bosworth                        61

    Facsimile of Caxton's Printing in the "Dictes and Sayings
      of Philosophers," (1477)                                    65

    Earl Rivers Presenting Caxton to Edward IV.                   65

    The Quadrangle, Eton College                                  68

    Interior of King's College Chapel, Cambridge                  69

    Street in London in the Fifteenth Century                     73

    Cannon of the End of the Fifteenth Century                    75

    Great Seal of Henry VII.                                      77

    Henry VII.                                                    80

    The Last Stand of Schwarz and his Germans                     81

    Penny of Henry VII. Angel of Henry VII. Noble of Henry VII.
      Sovereign of Henry VII.                                     85

    Stirling Castle                                               89

    St. Michael's Mount, Cornwall                                 92

    Lady Catherine Gordon before Henry VII.                       93

    The Byward Tower, Tower of London                             97

    King Henry's Departure from Henningham Castle                100

    Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster Abbey                       101

    Great Seal of Henry VIII.                                    105

    Meeting of Henry and the Emperor Maximilian                  108

    Henry and the captured French Officers                       109

    Edinburgh after Flodden                                      113

    Archbishop Warham                                            117

    Hampton Court Palace                                         121

    Henry VIII.                                                  125

    Great Ship of Henry VIII.                                    129

    Stirling, from the Abbey Craig                               132

    Cardinal Wolsey                                              133

    Silver Groat of Henry VIII. Gold Crown of Henry VIII.
      George Noble of Henry VIII.                                136

    Pound Sovereign of Henry VIII. Double Sovereign of
      Henry VIII.                                                137

    Surrender of Francis on the Battle-field of Pavia            141

    Martin Luther                                                145

    The Trial of Queen Catherine                                 149

    The Dismissal of Wolsey                                      153

    The Tower of London: Sketch in the Gardens                   157

    Sir Thomas More                                              160

    The Parting of Sir Thomas More and his Daughter              161

    Anne Boleyn                                                  165

    Anne Boleyn's Last Farewell of her Ladies                    168

    St. Peter's Chapel, Tower Green, London, where Anne
      Boleyn was Buried                                          169

    The Pilgrimage of Grace                                      173

    Gateway of Kirkham Priory                                    176

    Beauchamp Tower, and Place of Execution within the
      Tower of London                                            177

    Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex                               181

    Catherine Howard being conveyed to the Tower                 185

    Capture of the Fitzgeralds                                   188

    The First Levee of Mary Queen of Scots                       192

    View in St. Andrews: North Street                            193

    Francis I.                                                   197

    The Assassination of Cardinal Beaton                         201

    Edward VI.                                                   205

    Great Seal of Edward VI.                                     209

    The Royal Herald in Ket's Camp                               212

    Old Somerset House, London                                   213

    The Duke of Somerset                                         217

    Silver Crown of Edward VI.                                   219

    Sixpence of Edward VI. Shilling of Edward VI. Pound
      Sovereign of Edward VI. Triple Sovereign of Edward VI.     220

    Queen Mary and the State Prisoners in the Tower              221

    Great Seal of Philip and Mary                                224

    View from the Constable's Garden, Tower of London            225

    Old London Bridge, with Nonsuch Palace                       229

    Lady Jane Grey on her way to the Scaffold                    233

    Archbishop Cranmer                                           237

    The Place of Martyrdom, Old Smithfield                       240

    Mary I.                                                      241

    The Hotel de Ville and Old Lighthouse, Calais                244

    Shilling of Philip and Mary. Real of Mary I.                 245

    Elizabeth's Public Entry into London                         249

    Elizabeth                                                    252

    Autograph of Elizabeth                                       253

    Mar's Work, Stirling                                         257

    Great Seal of Elizabeth                                      260

    Mary, Queen of Scots                                         261

    The Murder of Rizzio                                         265

    Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh                                   269

    Mary Signing the Deed of Abdication in Lochleven Castle      273

    Lord Burleigh                                                276

    Farthing of Elizabeth. Halfpenny of Elizabeth. Penny
      of Elizabeth. Twopence of Elizabeth. Half-crown
      of Elizabeth. Half-sovereign of Elizabeth                  277

    The Duke of Norfolk's Interview with Elizabeth               281

    The Regent Murray                                            284

    High Street, Linlithgow                                      285

    Kenilworth Castle                                            289

    The House of the English Ambassador during the Massacre
      of St. Bartholomew                                         293

    Murder of the Earl of Desmond                                297

    The Earl of Arran accusing Morton of the Murder of Darnley   300

    Dumbarton Rock, with view of Castle                          301

    The Earl of Leicester                                        305

    Trial of Mary Queen of Scots in Fotheringay Castle           309

    Mary Queen of Scots receiving Intimation of her Doom         312

    Sir Francis Drake                                            317

    The Hoe, Plymouth                                            320

    The Armada in Sight                                          321

    Philip II.                                                   325

    Beauchamp Tower, Warders' Houses, and Yeoman Gaolers'
      Lodgings: Tower of London                                  329

    The Quarrel between Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex          332

    The Earl of Essex                                            333

    Lord Grey and his Followers Attacking the Earl of
      Southampton                                                337

    Elizabeth's Promenade on Richmond Green                      340

    Richmond Palace                                              341

    Town and Country Folk of Elizabeth's Reign                   345

    State Trial in Westminster Hall in the Time of Elizabeth     349

    John Knox                                                    353

    Reduced Facsimile of the Title-page of the Great Bible,
      also called Cromwell's Bible                               357

    Christ's Hospital, London                                    361

    Latimer Preaching before Edward VI.                          364

    Roger Ascham's Visit to Lady Jane Grey                       365

    Edmund Spenser                                               369

    The House at Stratford-on-Avon in which Shakespeare was Born 373

    Shakespeare                                                  376

    The Acting of one of Shakespeare's Plays in the Time of
      Queen Elizabeth                                            377

    Queen Elizabeth's Cither and Music-book                      379

    Holland House, Kensington                                    380

    The Great Court of Kirby Hall, Northamptonshire              381

    Entrance from the Courtyard of Burleigh House, Stamford      383

    Elizabeth's Drawing-room, Penshurst Place                    384

    Soldiers of the Tudor Period                                 385

    The Wedding of Jack of Newbury: The Bride's Procession       389

    Ships of Elizabeth's Time                                    393

    The First Royal Exchange, London (Founded by Sir Thomas
      Gresham)                                                   396

    Sir Thomas Gresham                                           397

    The Frolic of My Lord of Misrule                             401

    Punishment of the Stocks                                     403

    James I.                                                     405

    St. Thomas's Tower and Traitor's Gate, Tower of London       409

    Sir Walter Raleigh                                           412

    The Dissenting Divines Presenting their Petition to James    413

    The Old Palace, Westminster, in the time of Charles I.       417

    Great Seal of James I.                                       420

    Guy Fawkes's Cellar under Parliament House                   421

    Lord Monteagle and the Warning Letter about the Gunpowder
      Plot                                                       425

    Arrest of Guy Fawkes                                         428

    Pound Sovereign of James I. Unit or Laurel of James I.
      (Gold). Spur Rial of James I. (Gold).
      Thistle Crown of James I. (Gold)                           432

    Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury               433

    Shilling of James I. Crown of James I.                       436

    James and his Courtiers setting out for the Hunt             437

    The Star Chamber                                             441

    Flight of the Lady Arabella Stuart                           444

    Notre Dame, Caudebec                                         445

    Sir Francis Bacon (Viscount St. Albans)                      449

    The Banqueting House, Whitehall                              452

    Greenwich Palace in the time of James I.                     456

    Sir Edward Coke                                              457

    Andrew Melville before the Scottish Privy Council            461

    Keeping Sunday, according to King James's Book of Sports     465

    Parliament House, Dublin, in the Seventeenth Century         469

    Sir Francis Bacon waiting an Audience of Buckingham          472

    Arrest of Sir Walter Raleigh                                 476

    Sir Walter Raleigh before the Judges                         477

    The Franzensring, Vienna                                     481

    Interview between Bacon and the Deputation from the Lords    484

    George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham                          485

    The Fleet Prison                                             489

    Public Reception of Prince Charles in Madrid                 493

    Prince Charles's Farewell of the Infanta                     497

    The Royal Palace, Madrid                                     500

    The Ladies of the French Court and the Portrait of
      Prince Charles                                             504

    Henrietta Maria                                              505

    Great Seal of Charles I.                                     509

    Charles welcoming his Queen to England                       512

    Charles I.                                                   513

    Reception of Viscount Wimbledon at Plymouth                  516

    York House (The Duke of Buckingham's Mansion)                517

    Trial of Buckingham                                          521

    Interior of the Banqueting House, Whitehall                  525

    Sir John Eliot                                               529

    Assassination of the Duke of Buckingham                      533

    Tyburn in the time of Charles I.                             537

    Three Pound Piece of Charles I. Broad of Charles I.
      Briot Shilling of Charles I.                               540

    John Selden                                                  541

    Scene in the House of Commons: The Speaker Coerced           545

    Interior of Old St. Paul's                                   549

    Dunblane                                                     552

    Archbishop Laud                                              553

    John Lilburne on the Pillory                                 557

    The Birmingham Tower, Dublin Castle                          561

