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Transcriber's Note:

  Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
  been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.

  Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

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  [Illustration]




     _EDITION ARTISTIQUE_

     The World's Famous
     Places and Peoples

     AMERICA

     BY
     JOEL COOK

     In Six Volumes
     Volume II.

     MERRILL AND BAKER
     New York      London




THIS EDITION ARTISTIQUE OF THE WORLD'S FAMOUS PLACES AND PEOPLES IS
LIMITED TO ONE THOUSAND NUMBERED AND REGISTERED COPIES, OF WHICH THIS
COPY IS NO. 205

Copyright, Henry T. Coates & Co., 1900




LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VOLUME II


                                                      PAGE

     MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS, YELLOWSTONE       _Frontispiece_

     THE SUSQUEHANNA WEST OF FALMOUTH                  284

     THE CONEMAUGH NEAR FLORENCE                       312

     ON THE ASHLEY, NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C.             352

     ON THE OCKLAWAHA                                  382

     LINCOLN MONUMENT, LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO           432




CROSSING THE ALLEGHENIES.




IV.

CROSSING THE ALLEGHENIES.

     The Old Pike -- The National Road -- Early Routes Across the
     Mountains -- Old Lancaster Road -- Columbia Railroad -- The
     Pennsylvania Route -- Haverford College -- Villa Nova -- Bryn
     Mawr College -- Paoli -- General Wayne -- The Chester Valley --
     Pequea Valley -- The Conestogas -- Lancaster -- Franklin and
     Marshall College -- James Buchanan -- Thaddeus Stevens --
     Conewago Hills -- Susquehanna River -- Columbia -- The
     Underground Railroad -- Middletown -- Lochiel -- Simon Cameron
     -- The Clan Cameron -- Harrisburg -- Charles Dickens and the
     Camel's Back Bridge -- John Harris -- Lincoln's Midnight Ride
     -- Cumberland Valley -- Carlisle -- Indian School -- Dickinson
     College -- The Whisky Insurrection -- Tom the Tinker -- Lebanon
     Valley -- Cornwall Ore Banks -- Otsego Lake -- Cooperstown --
     James Fenimore Cooper -- Richfield Springs -- Cherry Valley --
     Sharon Springs -- Howe's Cave -- Binghamton -- Northumberland
     -- Williamsport -- Sunbury -- Fort Augusta -- The Dauphin Gap
     -- Duncannon -- Duncan's Island -- Juniata River -- Tuscarora
     Gap -- The Grasshopper War -- Mifflin -- Lewistown Narrows --
     Kishicoquillas Valley -- Logan -- Jack's Narrows -- Huntingdon
     -- The Standing Stone -- Bedford -- Morrison's Cove -- The
     Sinking Spring -- Brainerd, the Missionary -- Tyrone --
     Bellefonte -- Altoona -- Hollidaysburg -- The Portage Railroad
     -- Blair's Gap -- The Horse Shoe -- Kittanning Point -- Thomas
     Blair and Michael Maguire -- Loretto -- Prince Gallitzin --
     Ebensburg -- Cresson Springs -- The Conemaugh River -- South
     Fork -- Johnstown -- The Great Flood -- Laurel Ridge --
     Packsaddle Narrows -- Chestnut Ridge -- Kiskiminetas River --
     Loyalhanna Creek -- Fort Ligonier -- Great Bear Cave --
     Hannastown -- General Arthur St. Clair -- Greensburg --
     Braddock's Defeat -- Pittsburg, the Iron City -- Monongahela
     River -- Allegheny River -- Ohio River -- Fort Duquesne --
     Fort Pitt -- View from Mount Washington -- Pittsburg Buildings
     -- Great Factories -- Andrew Carnegie -- George Westinghouse,
     Jr. -- Allegheny Park and Monument -- Coal and Coke -- Davis
     Island Dam -- Youghiogheny River -- Connellsville -- Natural
     Gas -- Murrysville -- Petroleum -- Canonsburg -- Washington --
     Petroleum Development -- Kittanning -- Modoc Oil District --
     Fort Venango -- Oil City -- Pithole City -- Oil Creek --
     Titusville -- Corry -- Decadence of Oil-Fields.


THE OLD PIKE.

The American aspiration has always been to go westward. In the early
history of the Republic the Government gave great attention to the
means of reaching the Western frontier, then cut off by what was
regarded as the almost insurmountable barrier of the Alleghenies.
General Washington was the first to project a chain of internal
improvements across the mountains, by the route of the Potomac to
Cumberland, then a Maryland frontier fort, and thence by roads to the
headwaters of the Ohio. The initial enactment was procured by him from
the Virginia Legislature in 1774, for improving the navigation of the
Potomac; but the Revolutionary War interfered, and he renewed the
movement afterwards in 1784, resulting in the charter of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, of which Washington was the first
President. Little was done at that early period, however, in building
the canal, but the Government constructed the famous "National Road,"
the first highway over the Allegheny Mountains, from Cumberland in
Maryland, mainly through Southwestern Pennsylvania, to Wheeling on
the Ohio. This noted highway was finished and used throughout in 1818,
and, until the railways crossed the mountains, it was the great route
of travel to the West. It was familiarly known as the "Old Pike," and
Thomas B. Searight has entertainingly recorded its pleasant memories,
for it has now become mainly a relic of the past:

     "We hear no more of the clanging hoof,
       And the stage-coach, rattling by;
     For the steam king rules the travelled world,
       And the Old Pike's left to die."

He tells of the long lines of Conestoga wagons, each drawn by six
heavy horses, their broad wheels, canvas-covered tops and huge cargoes
of goods; of the swaying, rushing mail passenger coach, the
fleet-footed pony express; the flocks of sheep and herds of cattle,
the droves of horses and mules sent East from the "blue-grass" farms
of Kentucky; and occasionally of a long line of men and women, tied
two and two to a rope, driven by a slave-master from the South, to be
sold in the newer region of the Southwest. He describes how the famous
driver, Sam Sibley, brings up his grand coach at the hotel in
Uniontown with the great Henry Clay as chief passenger