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The punctuation and spelling from the original text have been faithfully
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The Economist:

OR

THE POLITICAL, COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND FREE-TRADE JOURNAL.


     "If we make ourselves too little for the sphere of our duty; if, on
     the contrary, we do not stretch and expand our minds to the compass
     of their object; be well assured that everything about us will
     dwindle by degrees, until at length our concerns are shrunk to the
     dimensions of our minds. _It is not a predilection to mean, sordid,
     home-bred cares that will avert the consequences of a false
     estimation of our interest, or prevent the shameful dilapidation
     into which a great empire must fall by mean reparation upon mighty
     ruins._"--BURKE.

  No. 3.   SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1843.   PRICE 6_d._




CONTENTS.


  Our Brazilian Trade and the Anti-Slavery Party      33

  The Fallacy of Protection                           34

  Agriculture (No. 2.)                                35

  Court and Aristocracy                               36

  Music and Musicales                                 36

  The Metropolis                                      37

  The Provinces                                       37

  Ireland                                             37

  Scotland                                            38

  Wales                                               38

  Foreign:
    France                                            38
    Spain                                             38
    Austria and Italy                                 38
    Turkey                                            38
    Egypt                                             39
    United States                                     39
    Canada                                            39

  Colonies and Emigration:
    Emigration during the last Seventeen Years        39
    New South Wales                                   39
    Australia                                         39
    Cape of Good Hope                                 39
    New Zealand                                       39

  Political                                           39

  Correspondence and Answers to Inquiries             40

  Postscript                                          41

  Free Trade Movements:
    Messrs Cobden and Bright at Oxford                42
    Public Dinner to R. Walker, Esq.                  42
    Dr Bowring's Visit to his Constituents            42
    Anti-Corn-law Meeting at Hampstead                43
    Mr Ewart and his Constituents                     43

  Miscellanies of Trade                               43

  Police                                              43

  Accidents, Offences, and Occurrences                43

  Sporting Intelligence                               43

  Agricultural Varieties:
    The best Home Markets                             44
    Curious Agricultural Experiment                   44
    Cultivation of Waste Lands                        44

  Our Library Table                                   44

  Miscellanea                                         45

  Commerce and Commercial Markets                     46

  Prices Current                                      46

  Corn Markets                                        46

  Smithfield Markets                                  46

  Borough Hop Market                                  47

  Liverpool Cotton Market                             47

  The Gazette                                         47

  Births, Marriages, and Deaths                       47

  Advertisements                                      47


     "If a writer be conscious that to gain a reception for his
     favourite doctrine he must combat with certain elements of
     opposition, in the taste, or the pride, or the indolence of those
     whom he is addressing, this will only serve to make him the more
     importunate. _There is a difference between such truths as are
     merely of a speculative nature and such as are allied with practice
     and moral feeling. With the former all repetition may be often
     superfluous; with the latter it may just be by earnest repetition,
     that their influence comes to be thoroughly established over the
     mind of an inquirer._"--CHALMERS.




OUR BRAZILIAN TRADE AND THE ANTI-SLAVERY PARTY.


Since the publication of our article on the Brazilian Treaty, we have
received several letters from individuals who, agreeing with us entirely
in the free-trade view of the question, nevertheless are at variance
with us as to the commercial policy which we should pursue towards that
country, in order to coerce them into our views regarding slavery. We
are glad to feel called upon to express our views on this subject, to
which we think full justice has not yet been done.

We must, however, in doing so, make a great distinction between the two
classes of persons who are now found to be joined in an alliance against
this application of free-trade principles; two classes who have always
hitherto been so much opposed to each other, that it would have been
very difficult ten years since to have conceived any possible
combinations of circumstances that could have brought them to act in
concert: we mean the West India interest, who so violently opposed every
step of amelioration to the slave from first to last; and that body of
_truly great philanthropists_ who have been unceasing in their efforts
to abolish slavery wherever and in whatever form it was to be found. To
the latter alone we shall address our remarks.

As far as it can be collected, the argument relied upon by this party
appears to be, that having once abolished slavery in our own dominions
we ought to interdict the importation of articles produced by slave
labour in other countries, in order to coerce them, for the sake of
their trade with us, to follow our example.

We trust we shall be among the last who will ever be found advocating
the continuance of slavery, or opposing any _legitimate_ means for its
extinction; but we feel well assured that those who have adopted the
opinion quoted above, have little considered either the consequences or
the tendencies of the policy they support.

The first consideration is, that if this policy is to be acted upon, on
principle, it must extend to the exclusion of _all_ articles produced in
whatever country by slaves. It must apply with equal force to the
_gold_, _silver_, and _copper_ of Brazil, as it does to the _sugar_ and
_coffee_ produced in that country;--it must apply with equal force to
the _cotton_, the _rice_, the _indigo_, the _cochineal_, and the
_tobacco_ of the Southern States of America, and Mexico, as it does to
the _sugar_ and _coffee_ of Cuba. To be in any way consistent in
carrying out this principle, we must exclude the great material on which
the millions of Lancashire, the West of Yorkshire, and Lanarkshire
depend for their daily subsistence; we must equally exclude tobacco,
which gives revenue to the extent of 3,500,000_l._ annually; we must
refuse any use of the precious metals, whether for coin, ornament, or
other purposes. But even these form only one class of the obligations
which the affirming of this principle would impose upon us. If we would
coerce the Brazilians by not buying from them, it necessarily involves
the duty of not selling to them; for if we sell, we supply them with all
the means of conducting their slave labour; we supply the implements of
labour, or the materials from which they are made; we supply clothing
for themselves and their slaves; we supply part of their foods and most
of their luxuries; the wines and the spirits in which the slave-owner
indulges; and we even supply the very materials of which the implements
of slave punishment or coercion are made;--and thus participate much
more directly in the profits of slavery than by admitting their produce
into this country. But if we supply them with all these articles, which
we do to the extent of nearly 3,000,000_l._ a year, and are not to
receive some of their slave-tainted produce, it must follow that we are
to give them without an equivalent,