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     | "w" and the word "Jonick" used sometimes for "Ionick"    |
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                  [Illustration: ARCHITECTVRE 1692]


                                 AN
                             ABRIDGMENT
                               OF THE
                            ARCHITECTURE
                                 OF
                              VITRUVIUS.

                              CONTAINING

                     A System of the whole WORKS
                            of that Author.

            Illustrated with divers Copper Plates, curiously
                 engraved; with a Table of Explanation,
                   To which is added in this Edition

                  The Etymology and Derivation of the
                      Terms used in _Architecture_.

           First done in _French_ by Monsr _Perrault_, of the
         Academy of _Paris_, and now _Englished_, with Additions.

           _LONDON_: Printed for _Abel Small_ and _T. Child_,
           at the _Unicorn_ in St. _Paul_'s Church-yard. 1692.



A

TABLE

OF THE

CHAPTERS.


The Introduction.

Article 1. _Of the great merits of_ Vitruvius, _and the
Excellencies of his Works_.                                 Page 1.

  Art. 2. _Of the method of the Works of_ Vitruvius, _with
    short Arguments of every Book_.                              9.

_A division of his whole Works into three parts, whereof 1.
treats of Building, 2. Gnomonical, 3. Mechanical. A second
division into three parts, 1. of Solidity, 2. of
Convenience, and 3. of Beauty. The Arguments of the Ten
Books._ 11, 12, &c.


THE FIRST PART.

Of the Architecture that is common to us
with the Ancients.

  _Chap. I._ Of Architecture in general.

  Art. 1. _Of the Original of Architecture_,                    17.

_The first occasion of Architecture; the Models of the
first_ _Architects_, 19. _The Inventers of the four Orders
of Architecture_, 20.

  Art. 2. _What Architecture is_,                               23.

_Definition of it; an Architect ought to have the knowledge
of eleven things_, viz. _Writing_, _Designing_, _Geometry_,
_Arithmetick_, _History_, 24. _Philosophy, moral and
natural_, 25. _Physick_, _Law_, _Astronomy_, and _Musick_.
26.

  Art. 3. _What the parts of Architecture are_,                 27.

_There are eight parts in Architecture_, viz. 1. _Solidity_,
27. 2. _Convenience_, 3. _Beauty_, 4. _Order_, 5.
_Disposition_, 28. 6. _Proportion_, 7. _Decorum_, 8.
_Oeconomy_, 32.


_Chap._ II. Of the Solidity of Buildings.

  Art. 1. _Of the choice of Materials_,                         33.

Vitruvius _speaks of five sorts of Materials_, 1. _Stone_,
33. 2. _Bricks_, 34. 3. _Wood, whereof divers sorts are
used, as Oak, Fir, Poplar, Alder_, 35. _Pine, Cypress,
Juniper, Cedar, Larch_, 36. _and Olive_; 4. _Lime_; 5. _Sand
and Gravel_, 37. _of which several sorts, Pit, River, and
Pozzalane_, 38.

  Art. 2. _Of the use of Materials_,                            39.

_Of the Preparation of Stone_, 39. _Of Wood_, 40. _Of
Bricks_, 41. _Lime and Sand_, 43.

  Art. 3. _Of the Foundation_,                                  45.

_In Foundations, to take care that the Earth be solid_, 45.
_Of the Masonry_, 46.

  Art. 4. _Of the Walls_,                                       47.

_Six sorts of Masonry_, 48, 49. _Precautions to be used in
binding the Walls, to strengthen them with Wood_, 50. _That
they be exact perpendicular_, 51. _to ease them of their own
weight, by Timber or Arches over doors and windows, and by
Butresses in the earth_, 53.

  Art. 5. _Of Flooring and Ceiling_,                            54.

_Of Flooring upon the Ground_, 54. _between Stories_, 55.
_Open to the Air as Terrass, &c._ 57. _the Roof_, 58.
_Cornice_, 59.

  Art. 6. _Of Plaistering_,                                     59.

_For great Walls, For Fresco_, 60. _for Partitions_, 61.
_For moist places_, 61.


  _Chap. III._ Of the Convenience of Fabricks.

  Art. 1. _Of convenient Scituation_,                           63.

_That a place be convenient, it ought to be fertile,
accessible, in a wholsom Air, not on low Ground or marshy_,
64. _How to know a wholsom Climate_, 65.

  Art. 2. _Of the Form and Scituation of the Building_,         65.

_The Streets and Houses of a City to be the most
advantagiously expos'd in respect to the Heavens and Wind_,
65, 66. _The scituation of each Room to be according to the
use of it; of Dining-rooms, Libraries, Closets, &c._ 67, 68.

  Art. 3. _Of the Dispositions of Fabricks_,                    68.

_The Dispositions of Buildings to be according to the use of
the House, either publick or private; of Merchants Houses;
of Country Houses; Of the several Apartments_, 70. _Of
Lights_, 71.

  Art. 4. _Of the convenient form of Buildings_,                71.

_Of the Walls of Cities; Form of publick places_, 72. _which
were different among the_ Greeks _and_ Romans; _of Stairs
and Halls_, 72.


  _Chap. IV._ Of the Beauty of Buildings.

  Art. 1. _In what the beauty of Buildings consists_,           74.

_Two sorts of beauty in Buildings; 1st, Positive, which
consists in the Symmetry, Materials, and Performance_, 75.
_2d. Arbitrary, which is of two sorts; 1. Prudence, 2.
Regularity; which consist in the proper providing against
Inconveniences, and observing the Laws of Proportion_, 76.
_The beauty is most seen in the proportion of these
principal parts_, viz. _Pillars, Piedments, and
Chambrantes_, 78. _From these things result two other,
Gender and Order_, 79.

  Art. 2. _Of the five Genders, or sorts of Fabricks_,          80.

_The five sorts are Pycnostyle, Systile_, 80. _Diastyle,
Areostyle, Eustyle_, 81. _The Genders to be always agreable
to the Orders of Architecture_, 82.

  Art. 3. _Of the five Orders of Architecture_,                 84.

_The distinction and difference in the several Orders;
consists in the Strength and Ornament_; Vitruvius _speaks
but of three Orders_, 85.

  Art. 4. _Of things that are common to several Orders_,        85.

_There are seven things common to all Orders_, viz. _Steps_,
85. _Pedastals_, 86. _the diminution of Pillars, the
Channelings of Pillars, which is of three sorts_, 89. _the
Piedemont_, 90. _Cornices, and Acroteres_, 93.

  Art. 5. _Of the_ Tuscane _Order_,                             93.

_The_ Tuscane _Order consists in the Proportion of Columns,
in which there are three parts, the Base, the Shaft, and the
Capital_, 94. _Of Chambrantes; and of the Piedement_, 95.

  Art. 6. _Of the_ Dorick _Order_,                              96.

_The_ Dorick _Order consists in the proportion; of the
Columns, which have been different at diverse times, and in
diverse Works_, 96, 97. _The parts of the Column are the
Shaft; the Base which it anciently wanted, but hath since
borrowed from the Attic; the proportion of the Base_, 97.
_and the Captial_, 98. _the Archiatrave, which hath two
parts, the Platbands and the Gouttes_, 98. _the Frise, in_
_which are the Triglyphs and the Metops_, 98. _the
Proportion of them_, 99. _Of the Cornice, its proportion_,
99.

  Art. 7. _Of the_ Ionick _Order_,                             101.

_The preportion of Pillars of this Order_, 101. _The Pillars
set upon the Bases two ways, perpendicular, and not so_,
101. _Proportion of the Base, divided into its parts the
Plinthus, the Thorus, the Scotia upper and lower, with the
Astragals_, 102. _Of the Capital, its proportion and parts_,
103. _Of the Architrave, wherein to be considered, the
proportion it must have to the Pedestals, and to the heighth
of the Column_, 105. _to the breadth at the bottom_, 106.
_and to the jetting of the Cymatium_, 106. _Of the Frise and
Cornice_, 107.

  Art. 8. _Of the_ Corinthian _Order_,                         108.

_This Order different from the_ Ionick _in nothing but in
the Capitals of Pillars, being otherwise composed of the_
Dorick _and_ Ionick; _the proportion of the Capital_, 109.
_in which are to be consider'd its heighth, its breadth at
the bottom, the Leafs, Stalks, the Volutes, and the Roses_,
109. _Of the Ornaments_, 110.

  Art. 9. _Of the Compound Order_,                             110.

_The Compound is not described by_ Vitruvius, _it being a
general Design, and borrows the parts of the Capital (which
is the only distinction it has) from the_ Corinthian,
Ionick, _and_ Dorick _Orders_, 111.


THE SECOND PART,

Containing the Architecture that was particular
to the Ancients.

  _Chap. I._ Of publick Buildings.

  Art. 1. _Of Fortresses_,                                     113.

_In Fortification four things are consider'd; the
disposition of the Ramparts; the Figure of the whole place_,
114. _the building of the Walls; thickness, materials, and
terrass; the figure and disposition of the Towers_, 115,
116.

  Art. 2. _Of Temples_,                                        116.

_Temples divided in the_ Greek _and_ Tuscan _Fashion; of
the_ Greek _some were round, and some square; in the square
Temples of the Greeks three things are to be considered; 1.
the_ Parts, _which are five, the Porch, the Posticum_, 117.
_the Middle, the Portico, and the Gates, which were of three
sorts_, viz. Dorick, 118. Jonick, 120. _and_ Attick, 120.
_2. The_ Proportion, 121. _and 3. The_ Aspect, _in respect
to the Heavens_, 122. _and to its own parts, which were
different in Temples with Pillars, and those without
Pillars; of Temples with Pillars there are eight sorts_,
122, 123, 124. Round Temples _were of two sorts, Monoptere_,
125. _Periptere_, 126. _Temples of the_ Tuscane Fashion,
126. _The Ancients had fourteen sorts of Temples_, 127.

  Art. 3. _Of publick Places, Basilica's, Theatres,
    Gates, Baths, and Academies_,                              127.

_The Fabricks for publick Convenience were of six sorts, I.
Market-places of the_ Greeks _of the_ Romans, 128. _their
Proportions; II. Basilica's, their Proportions, Columns,_
_Galleries, and Chalcediques_, 128. _III. Theatres composed
of three parts; the Steps or Degrees which enclosed the
Orchestra_, 125. _the Scene which had three parts, the
Pulpit, the Proscenium_, 130. _and the Palascenium_, 131.
_And the Walking-places_, 131. _IV. Gates, which were either
natural or artificial, built three ways_, 132. _V. Baths,
consisting of many Chambers, their Description_, 133, 134.
_VI. Academies composed of three parts, the Peristyle_, 134.
_the Xystile_, 135. _and the Stadium_, 136.


_Chap. II._ Of Private Buildings.

  Art. 1. _Of the Courts of Houses_,                           137.

_The Courts of Houses were of five sorts, four whereof were
made with jettings out, or Pent-houses of four sorts. the_
Tuscan, 137. _the_ Corinthian, _the Tetrastyle, the
Vaulted_, 138. _the fifth sort uncoverted_, 138.

  Art. 2. _Of the Vestibulum or Entry_,                        139.

_The proportion of the Vestibulum was taken three ways, for
the length, breadth, and heighth_, 139. _Of the Alley in the
middle_, 140.

  Art. 3. _Of Halls_,                                          140.

_Three sorts of Halls, the_ Corinthian, _the_ AEgyptian, _and
the_ Cyzican, 141.

  Art. 4. _Of the Distribution of the Apartments among
    the Ancients_,                                             142.

_The Distribution of the Apartments different among the_
Greeks _and_ Romans; _what the Difference was_, 141.


  _Chap. III._ Of things that equally appertain to Publick
     and Private Buildings.

  Art. 1. _Of Aqueducts_,                                      143.

_The manner the Ancients used to take the Level exactly_,
143 _The Water was brought by Aqueducts, or by Pipes of
Lead, or Potters Work_, 144.

  Art. 2. _Of Wells and Cisterns_,                             145.

_The Precautions the Ancients used in digging their Wells,
to discover bad Water, and in making their Cisterns_, 145.

  Art. 3. _Of Machines for carrying and lifting up great
    Stones and Burthens_,                                      146.

_Machines for drawing Pillars_, 147. _Architraves_, 147.
_for raising great Weights, three sorts; first, with a
Handmill; second, with a Windlas_, 147. _third, with several
Ropes, to be drawn by Mens Hands_, 148.

  Art. 4. _Of Machines for elevating Waters_,                  149.

_Five sorts; I. The Tympan_, 149. _II. A Wheel with Boxes.
III. A Chain with Buckets. IV. The Vice of Archimedes. V.
The Pomp of_ Cresibius, 151.

  Art. 5. _Of Water-mills for grinding Corn_,                  152.

_The Water-mills of the Ancients were like ours._

  Art. 6. _Of other Hydraulick Machines_,                      153.

_Three sorts of Water-Machines; first, for shewing the
hour_, 153. _Second, Organs_, 154. _Third, for measuring the
Way by Water_, 154. _by Land_, 155.

  Art. 7. _Of Machines of War_,                                155.

_Three kinds