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  FRUITS
  OF THE
  HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

  BY

  GERRIT PARMILE WILDER


  (REVISED EDITION, INCLUDING VOL. 1, 1906.)

  ILLUSTRATED BY ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-ONE HALF-TONE
  PLATES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SAME


  Copyright December 1906, December 1911
  GERRIT PARMILE WILDER


  HONOLULU, T. H.
  PUBLISHED BY THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD.
  1911




INDEX


  Preface                                                                5
  Persea gratissima, Avocado, Palta or Alligator Pear, Plate I           7
  Persea gratissima, Avocado, Plate II                                   9
  Persea gratissima, Guatamala Avocado, Plate III                       11
  Punica Granatum, Pomegranate, Plate IV                                13
  Ficus Carica (common var.), Fig, Plate V                              15
  Ficus Carica, Fig, Plate VI                                           17
  Ficus Carica (white or lemon var.), Fig, Plate VII                    19
  Jambosa malaccensis, Mountain Apple or "Ohia Ai," Plate VIII          21
  Jambosa sp., Water Apple, Plate IX                                    23
  Jambosa sp. (white var.), Water Apple, Plate X                        25
  Jambosa sp. (red var.), Water Apple, Plate XI                         27
  Eugenia Jambos, Rose Apple, Plate XII                                 29
  Eugenia brasiliensis, Brazilian Plum or Spanish Cherry, Plate XIII    31
  Eugenia uniflora, French Cherry, Plate XIV                            33
  Eugenia sp., Plate XV                                                 35
  Syzygium Jambolana, Java Plum, Plate XVI                              37
  Syzygium Jambolana (small variety), Java Plum, Plate XVII             39
  Averrhoa Carambola, Plate XVIII                                       41
  Achras Sapota, Sapodilla or Naseberry, Plate XIX                      43
  Casimiroa edulis, White Sapodilla, Plate XX                           45
  Prunus Persica, Peach, Plate XXI                                      47
  Chrysophyllum Cainito (purple var.), Star Apple, Plate XXII           49
  Chrysophyllum Cainito (white var.), Star Apple, Plate XXIII           51
  Chrysophyllum monopyrenum, Plate XXIV                                 53
  Mimusops Elengi, Plate XXV                                            55
  Spondias dulcis, "Wi," Plate XXVI                                     57
  Spondias lutea, Hog Plum, Plate XXVII                                 59
  Mammea Americana, Mammee Apple, Plate XXVIII                          61
  Tamarindus indica, Tamarind, Plate XXIX                               63
  Durio zibethinus, Durion, Plate XXX                                   65
  Coffea arabica, Arabian Coffee, Plate XXXI                            67
  Coffea liberica, Liberian Coffee, Plate XXXII                         69
  Clausena Wampi, Wampi, Plate XXXIII                                   71
  Physalis peruviana, Cape Gooseberry or "Poha," Plate XXXIV            73
  Carica Papaya, Papaya (fruit, female tree), Plate XXXV                75
  Carica Papaya, Papaya (fruit, male tree), Plate XXXVI                 77
  Carica quercifolia, Plate XXXVII                                      79
  Citrus Japonica (var. "Hazara"), Chinese Orange, Plate XXXVIII        81
  Citrus Japonica, Kumquat, Plate XXXIX                                 83
  Citrus Nobilis, Mandarin Orange, Plate XL                             85
  Citrus medica limetta, Lime, Plate XLI                                87
  Citrus medica limonum, Lemon, Plate XLII                              89
  Citrus medica (var. limonum), Rough-skin Lemon, Plate XLIII           91
  Citrus Aurantium Sinense, Waialua Orange, Plate XLIV                  93
  Citrus Aurantium, Bahia or Washington Navel Orange, Plate XLV         95
  Citrus Decumana, Pomelo or Shaddock (pear-shaped var.), Plate XLVI    97
  Citrus Decumana, Pomelo or Shaddock (round var.), Plate XLVII         99
  Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Hawaiian var.) or "Ulu," Plate XLVIII 101
  Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Samoan var.), Plate XLIX              103
  Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Tahitian var.), Plate L               105
  Artocarpus incisa, Fertile Breadfruit, Plate LI                      107
  Artocarpus integrifolia, Jack Fruit, Plate LII                       109
  Anona muricata, Sour Sop, Plate LIII                                 111
  Anona Cherimolia, Cherimoyer, Plate LIV                              113
  Anona reticulata, Custard Apple, Plate LV                            115
  Anona squamosa, Sugar Apple or Sweet Sop, Plate LVI                  117
  Psidium Guayava pomiferum, Common Guava, Plate LVII                  119
  Psidium Guayava, Sweet Red Guava, Plate LVIII                        121
  Psidium Guayava, White Lemon Guava, Plate LIX                        123
  Psidium Guayava pyriferum, "Waiawi," Plate LX                        125
  Psidium Cattleyanum, Strawberry Guava, Plate LXI                     127
  Psidium Cattleyanum (var. lucidum), Plate LXII                       129
  Psidium molle, Plate LXIII                                           131
  Mangifera indica, Mango, Plate LXIV                                  133
  Mangifera indica, Manini Mango, Plate LXV                            135
  Mangifera indica, No. 9 Mango, Plate LXVI                            137
  Musa (var.), Banana or "Maia," Plate LXVII                           139
  Morinda citrifolia, "Noni," Plate LXVIII                             141
  Vaccinium reticulatum, "Ohelo," Plate LXIX                           143
  Solanum pimpinellifolium, Currant Tomato, Plate LXX                  145
  Solanum Lycopersicum, Grape Tomato, Plate LXX                        145
  Solanum nodiflorum, "Popolo," Plate LXXI                             147
  Aleurites moluccana, Candlenut Tree or "Kukui Nut," Plate LXXII      149
  Terminalia Catappa, Tropical Almond or "Kamani," Plate LXXIII        151
  Calophyllum inophyllum "Kamani," Plate LXXIV                         153
  Noronhia emarginata, Plate LXXV                                      155
  Castanea sativa, Japanese Chestnut, Plate LXXVI                      157
  Inocarpus edulis, Tahitian Chestnut, Plate LXXVII                    159
  Canarium commune, Canary Nut, Plate LXXVIII                          161
  Canarium commune, Canary Nut (round var.), Plate LXXIX               163
  Macadamia ternifolia, Queensland Nut, Plate LXXX                     165
  Macadamia sp., Plate LXXXI                                           167
  Aegle Marmelos, Bhel or Bael Fruit, Plate LXXXII                     169
  Diospyros decandra, Brown Persimmon, Plate LXXXIII                   171
  Lucuma Rivicoa, Plate LXXXIV                                         173
  Eriobotrya Japonica, Loquat, Plate LXXXV                             175
  Litchi Chinensis, "Lichee," Plate LXXXVI                             177
  Euphoria Longana, Longan, Plate LXXXVII                              179
  Morus nigra, Mulberry, Plate LXXXVIII                                181
  Garcinia mangostana, Mangosteen, Plate LXXXIX                        183
  Garcinia Xanthochymus, Plate XC                                      185
  Bunchosia sp., Plate XCI                                             187
  Malpighia glabra, Barbados Cherry, Plate XCII                        189
  Theobroma Cacao, Cocoa or Chocolate Tree, Plate XCIII                191
  Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Roselle, Plate XCIV                             193
  Monstera deliciosa, Plate XCV                                        195
  Anacardium occidentale, Cashew Nut, Plate XCVI                       197
  Ziziphus Jujuba, "Jujube," Plate XCVII                               199
  Phyllanthus emblica, Plate XCVIII                                    201
  Phyllanthus distichus, Otaheiti Gooseberry, Plate XCIX               203
  Olea Europea, Olive, Plate C                                         205
  Vitis Labrusca, "Isabella Grape," Plate CI                           207
  Pyrus Sinensis, Sand pear, Plate CII                                 209
  Passiflora quadrangularis, Granadilla Vine, Plate CIII               211
  Passiflora edulis, Purple Water Lemon or "Lilikoi," Plate CIV        213
  Passiflora laurifolia, Yellow Water Lemon, Plate CV                  215
  Passiflora alata, Plate CVI                                          217
  Passiflora var. foetida, Plate CVII                                  219
  Cereus triangularis, Night-blooming Cereus, Plate CVIII              221
  Kigelia pinnata, Sausage Tree, Plate CIX                             223
  Phoenix dactylifera, The Date Palm, Plate CX                         225
  Phoenix dactylifera, Date (red and yellow var.), Plate CXI           227
  Acrocomia sp., Plate CXII                                            229
  Cocos nucifera, Cocoanut Palm or "Niu," Plate CXIII                  231
  Cordia collococca, Clammy Cherry, Plate CXIV                         233
  Flacourtia cataphracta, Plate CXV                                    235
  Atalantia buxifolia, Plate CXVI                                      237
  Bumelia sp., Plate CXVII                                             239
  Ochrosia elliptica, Plate CXVIII                                     241
  Ananas sativus, Pineapple, Plate CXIX                                243
  Opuntia Tuna, Prickly Pear or "Panini," Plate CXX                    245
  Prosopis juliflora, Algaroba or "Kiawe," Plate CXXI                  247




PREFACE


My original intention with regard to this work, was to publish it in a
series of three volumes; and to that end, the first volume was presented
to the public in 1906.

Since that time, however, I have deemed it advisable, for various
reasons, to incorporate all my data in one volume.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness for help in my researches, to
various works on Horticulture, and to many of my personal friends who
have given me valuable assistance.

I trust that this work will prove of some interest, as I believe that it
contains a fairly comprehensive list of both the indigenous and
naturalized Fruits of the Hawaiian Islands.

  GERRIT PARMILE WILDER.




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE I

  _Persea gratissima._

  AVOCADO, PALTA OR ALLIGATOR PEAR.


Grown in the garden of Gerrit Wilder.

[Illustration: PLATE I.--_Avocado._]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE II

  _Persea gratissima._

  AVOCADO.


This spreading evergreen tree is a native of Tropical America. In the
Hawaiian Islands, the first trees of its kind were said to have been
planted in Pauoa Valley, Oahu, by Don Marin. It attains a height of from
10 to 40 feet, and is adverse to drought. Its leaves are
elliptico-oblong, from 4 to 7 inches in length. The flowers are
greenish-yellow and downy. The fruit, which ripens from June until
November, is a round or pear-shaped drupe, covered with a thin, rather
tough skin, which is either green or purple in color. The flesh is
yellow, firm and marrow-like, and has a delicious nutty flavor. The
seed-cavity is generally large, containing one round or oblong seed,
covered by a thin, brown, parchment-like skin. The quality of the pear
is judged, not only by its flavor, but by the presence or absence of
strings or fibre in the meat, and also by the quantity of flesh as
compared to the size of the seed. Innumerable variations as to size,
shape, and quality have been produced from seedlings--some of which may
be seen in the accompanying illustration. The Avocado is easily
reproduced by budding and grafting, and the best varieties may be
obtained in this manner.

[Illustration: PLATE II.--_Avocado._

One third natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE III

  _Persea gratissima._

  GUATAMALA AVOCADO.


This variety is a native of Mexico, and although known as the Guatamala
Avocado, it is more commonly to be found in the markets of the City of
Mexico. Its leaves are purplish-green. The flowers, which appear in May
and June, are like those of the preceding variety; and the drupe, which
matures in the early part of the year, has a long stem. This fruit is
round, from 3 to 5 inches in diameter, has a thick, tough, rough rind,
which when ripe is a deep claret color, and the meat, which is a
golden-yellow, is tinged with purple next to the rind, and is free from
strings or fibres. There are but two trees of this variety bearing fruit
in Honolulu. They were propagated from seeds brought here in 1890 by
Admiral Beardsley. These two trees are growing in private gardens.

[Illustration: PLATE III.--_Guatamala Avocado._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE IV

  _Punica Granatum._

  POMEGRANATE.


The name was derived from the word punicus, of Carthage, near which city
it is said to have been discovered; hence malumpunicum, Apple of
Carthage, which was the early name of the Pomegranate. It is a native of
Northern Africa, and of Southwestern Asia, and is grown in the Himalayas
up to an elevation of 6000 feet. It is a deciduous shrub, which by
careful training can be made to grow into a tree from 10 to 15 feet
high. Many shoots spring from the base of the tree, and should be cut
away, as they draw the sap which should go to the fruit-bearing stems.
The branches are slender, twiggy, nearly cylindrical, and somewhat
thorny. The bark contains about 32 per cent. tannin, and is used for
dying the yellow Morocco leather. The peel of the fruit serves also as a
dye. There are several varieties of Pomegranate growing in Hawaii: the
double-flowering variety is popular as an ornamental plant. All of the
varieties are of easy culture, and are readily propagated by means of
cuttings of the ripe wood. The leaves are lanceolate, glabrous, and a
glossy-green with red veins. The flowers are axillary, solitary or in
small clusters, and in color are a very showy rich orange-red. The fruit
is about the size of an ordinary orange, has a persistent calyx, and is
made up of many small compartments arranged in two series, one above the
other. The crisp, sweet, watery pink pulp enveloping each seed is the
edible portion of the Pomegranate.

[Illustration: PLATE IV.--_Pomegranate._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE V

  _Ficus Carica_ (common variety).

  FIG.


The Fig is the most ancient, as well as one of the most valuable of all
fruit trees. Its name is nearly the same in all European languages. The
tree is supposed to be a native of Caria in Asia Minor. The intelligent
cultivators of Anatolia, by whom the Smyrna Figs are produced, adhere to
the caprification process, used from time immemorial. In California,
efforts have been made to test this process. In the Hawaiian Islands,
the Portuguese seem to be the most successful cultivators of the Fig,
and several varieties are to be found throughout the group. This common
variety grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet, is hardy, and can
easily be propagated from cuttings. Its leaves are alternate, 3 to 5
deeply lobed, and are shed during the fall months, at which season
careful pruning will increase the following year's yield. The fruit is
single, appearing from the axils of the leaves, on the new wood. It is a
hollow, pear-shaped receptacle, containing many minute seeds, scattered
throughout a soft, pinkish-white pulp.

[Illustration: PLATE V.--_Fig._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE VI

  _Ficus Carica._

  FIG.


Some years ago, this variety of Fig was to be found growing in large
numbers at Makawao, and in the Kula district of Maui. Now, however,
there are few, if any, trees remaining, as a destructive blight,
together with the lack of proper attention, has caused their
extermination. This variety is very prolific. The fruit is small,
pear-shaped, and has a particularly sweet and delicious flavor.

[Illustration: PLATE VI.--_Fig._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE VII

  _Ficus Carica_ (white or lemon variety).

  FIG.


This is a low-growing tree with compact foliage. The leaves are small,
and the fruit is round-turbinate, about 1 to 11/2 inches in diameter. The
skin is very thin, is light-green in color, turning to a greenish-yellow
when thoroughly ripe. The pulp is pink, very sweet, and when quite ripe
is free from milky juice. This variety is also prolific, is easily
dried, and on this account would find a ready sale in our markets.

[Illustration: PLATE VII.--_Fig._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE VIII

  _Jambosa malaccensis._

  MOUNTAIN APPLE, "OHIA AI."


This tree is found on all the large islands of the Polynesian groups,
and in the Malaysian Archipelago. In the Hawaiian Islands it confines
itself almost entirely to the moist, shady valleys, and thrives well, up
to an elevation of 1800 feet. It is generally gregarious, and on the
north side of East Maui it forms a forest belt. It attains a height of
from 25 to 50 feet. Its dark, shiny, glabrous leaves are opposite,
elliptico-oblong, and from 6 to 7 inches long, and from 21/2 to 3 inches
broad. The flowers are crimson, fluffy balls, appearing in March and
April, on the naked branches and upper trunk of the tree. The fruit,
which ripens from July until December, generally contains one seed, is
obovate, about 3 inches in diameter. The skin is so thin as to be barely
perceptible, and the fruit is very easily bruised. In color, it is a
deep, rich crimson, shading into pink and white; the pulp is firm,
white, and juicy, with a very agreeable flavor.

[Illustration: PLATE VIII.--_Mountain Apple._

One third natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE IX

  _Jambosa sp._ (Solomon Island variety).

  WATER APPLE.


This low-growing tree is very rare in the Hawaiian Islands. It was
introduced here, from the Solomon Islands, by Mr. A. Jaeger. The foliage
and crimson flowers resemble those of the _Jambosa malaccensis_, but the
drupe is not so highly, and is, in shape, much more elongated.
Specimens of this sweet, edible fruit have measured 5 inches in length.

[Illustration: PLATE IX.--_Water Apple._

One fourth natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE X

  _Jambosa sp._ (white variety).

  WATER APPLE.


This tree is a native of the Malay Islands. The foliage is symmetrical,
and its opposite, shiny leaves are broad, lanceolate, and
obtusely-acuminate. The pure white flowers, which bloom from March until
June, are about 1/2-inch in diameter, and are produced in bunches on the
naked branches. The fruit, which is also produced in bunches, ripens in
October. It is transversely oval in shape, about 1 to 11/2 inches in
diameter at its largest end. It contains from 1 to 3 seeds. Even when
quite ripe, the fruit remains pure white in color, and has a tart,
insipid flavor.

[Illustration: PLATE X.--_Water Apple._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XI

  _Jambosa sp._ (red variety).

  WATER APPLE.


This low-growing tree with its bright evergreen foliage, is not common
in Hawaii. The flowers are small, deep crimson, and appear on the
branches either singly or in bunches. The contrast between these
brilliant flowers and the fresh green leaves makes a very beautiful
sight when the tree is in full bloom. The fruit, which ripens in July,
appears in clusters; it is the same shape as that of the preceding
variety, but in color it is a bright scarlet. It contains from 1 to 3
seeds, which are somewhat difficult to germinate. The fruit is crisp,
watery, and has a sub-acid flavor.

[Illustration: PLATE XI.--_Water Apple._

One third natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XII

  _Eugenia Jambos._

  ROSE APPLE.


This evergreen tree, which is a native of the West Indies, is of medium
size, reaching a height of from 20 to 30 feet. It grows well in Hawaii,
and is found at an elevation of 2000 feet. It is propagated from seed,
as well as from cuttings of the ripe wood. The leaves are lanceolate,
acuminate, thick and shiny. The large, fluffy flowers which appear from
January until April, are produced freely, and are a beautiful
creamy-white. The fruit is a somewhat compressed, globular shell,
varying in size from 1 to 2 inches in diameter, and with a large cavity,
containing generally one seed. This shell, which is the edible portion
of the fruit, is a light creamy-yellow, with a tinge of pale-pink on one
side; it requires from 2 to 21/2 months to mature. It is firm, crisp, and
has a delicious flavor, somewhat resembling an apricot, and with a rose
odor. The season for the fruit varies according to the elevation, but
generally ends about August or September.

[Illustration: PLATE XII.--_Rose Apple._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XIII

  _Eugenia brasiliensis._

  BRAZILIAN PLUM, OR SPANISH CHERRY.


This evergreen shrub, or low-growing tree, which in many countries is
said to reach a height of but 6 feet, in Hawaii attains a height of 20
feet; and although it thrives in comparatively high altitudes, it bears
best below the 200-foot elevation, and requires considerable moisture.
The bluntish, dark, shiny leaves, which are scale-like along the
branches, are obovate, oblong, and about 3 inches in length. The
blossoming season varies according to the location; however, the tree
generally has flowers and fruit from July until December. The fruit is
the size of a cherry, is deep purple in color, and the persistent calyx
is very prominent. The sweet pulp has a very agreeable flavor.

Probably the first plants of this variety were brought here by Don
Marin, about a century ago. Some fine trees may be found in Pauoa and
Makiki valleys, and also in Nuuanu, in the garden which formerly
belonged to Dr. Hillebrand.

[Illustration: PLATE XIII.--_Brazilian Plum, or Spanish Cherry._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XIV

  _Eugenia uniflora._

  FRENCH CHERRY.


This shrub is said to be a native of Brazil. In Hawaii, it is a common
garden plant, sometimes reaching a height of 10 feet. Its glossy leaves
are ovate-lanceolate, and its peduncles short. It has small, single,
white fragrant flowers. The mature fruit, which resembles a cherry, is
about 1 inch in diameter, and is ribbed longitudinally. It has a
delicious, spicy, acid flavor. There is generally one large, round,
smooth seed.

[Illustration: PLATE XIV.--_French Cherry._

One third natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XV

  _Eugenia sp._


This is a small Malayan tree which is rare in Hawaii. It has regular,
opposite, large, broad leaves; with the stems and branches four-sided.
The purplish-white flowers are produced in clusters. The waxy
light-green fruits, with a persistent calyx, resemble a small guava.
These fruits have a very tough, pithy skin and pulp combined, which is
edible, but too dry to be agreeable. The seed is large in proportion to
the size of the fruit.

[Illustration: PLATE XV.--_Eugenia sp._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XVI

  _Syzygium Jambolana._

  JAVA PLUM.


This tall, hardy tree is a native of Southern Asia. In Polynesia it
grows well, up to an elevation of 5000 feet. It is a very common tree in
the Hawaiian Islands. Its leaves, which are from 4 to 6 inches long, and
from 2 to 3 inches broad, are opposite, obtuse or shortly-acuminate. The
flowers, which bloom in June, July and August, are white and quite
fragrant, and are especially attractive to the honey-bee. The oblong
fruit grows in large clusters, ripens from September until November, and
varies in size from a cherry to a pigeon's egg. It is purplish-black in
color, and is edible only when thoroughly ripe. It contains one large,
oblong seed.

[Illustration: PLATE XVI.--_Java Plum._

One half size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XVII

  _Syzygium Jambolana_ (small variety).

  JAVA PLUM.


This tree, which is also very common in the Hawaiian Islands, is said to
have been introduced by Dr. Hillebrand. It bears but one crop a year,
will grow in any soil, and withstands dry weather. The foliage is
smaller than that of the preceding variety; its leaves are narrower, and
a lighter green in color. It blooms at about the same time of year, but
its flowers are not as large, and appear in thick bunches. The purplish
fruit ripens from September until December.

[Illustration: PLATE XVII.--_Java Plum._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XVIII

  _Averrhoa Carambola._


This tree, which is said to have been named after Averrhoes, an Arabian
physician, is a native of Insular India, and is much cultivated in India
and China. It is evergreen, with dense foliage, and grows to a height of
from 15 to 20 feet. It is easily propagated from seeds, and fruits in
about three years. In Hawaii it bears one crop annually, the flowers
appearing in July and the fruit in November and December. The leaves are
alternate, odd-pinnate. The flowers, which are borne in clusters on the
naked stems and branches, are minute, fragrant, and in color shading
from a pale pink to a deep purplish-red. The fruit, varying in size from
a hen's egg to an orange, is ovate, and has five acutely-angled
longitudinal ribs. The fragrant, light-yellow skin is very thin, and the
pulp is watery; it contains a number of flat, brown seeds. This fruit is
of two varieties: the sweet, which may be eaten raw, and the acid which
is delicious when preserved. A very appetizing pickle may be made from
the half-ripe fruit of the acid variety.

[Illustration: PLATE XVIII.--_Averrhoa Carambola._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XIX

  _Achras Sapota._

  SAPODILLA, OR NASEBERRY.


This tree, which grows on almost all of the Islands of the Hawaiian
group, is a fine evergreen, growing to a height of from 10 to 20 feet,
and producing a fruit which is much prized in warm countries. The bark
possesses tonic properties, and from the juice chewing-gum is made. Its
foliage is dense, and the shiny leaves are thick, lance-oblong, entire,
and clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers, which are small,
whitish, and perfect, are borne on the rusty pubescent growths of the
season. The fruit, of which there are two varieties, the round and the
oblong, is about the size of a hen's egg. It has a rough skin, the color
of a russet apple, beneath which is a firm, somewhat stringy, sweet
pulp, having the flavor of an apricot. This pulp is divided into 10 to
12 compartments, and contains from 4 to 6 large, flat, smooth, black
seeds.

[Illustration: PLATE XIX.--_Sapodilla, or Naseberry._

One half natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE XX

  _Casimiroa edulis._

  WHITE SAPOTA.


This tree, which is a native of Mexico, is said to have been named after
Cardinal Casimiro Gomez. The first tree of its kind in Hawaii was
planted in 1884, at the Government Nursery, Honolulu. The seed came from
Santa Barbara, California, where there grows today, a tree more than
eighty years old, and which still bears its fruit. It is a tall
evergreen with irregular branches; its digitate leaves are dark and
glossy. The trunk is ashen-grey, with warty excrescences. The fruit,
which matures in April and May, is large, 1 to 4 inches in diameter; it
is depressed-globular and somewhat ribbed, like a tomato; in color it is
a light-green, turning to a dull yellow when ripe, and it has a very
thin skin. The pulp is yellow, resembling that of an over-ripe, and has
a melting, peach-like flavor. It contains from 1 to 3 large, oblong
seeds, which are said to be deleterious.

[Illustration: PLATE XX.--_White Sapota._

One fourth natural size.]




  _G. P. W. Collection._      PLATE