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 2) Table of Contents / Illustrations added.

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 AN ILLUSTRIOUS TOWN,--ANDOVER.
   BY REV. F. B. MAKEPEACE.
     Illustrations:
       Main Street, Looking North.
       Brechin Library.
       Memorial Hall And Library.
       Phillips Academy.
       Old Stone Academy.
       Theological Seminary.
       Lieut.-Gov. Phillips.
       Chapel, Theo. Seminary.
       Punchard Free School.
       Theological Seminary.--general View.
       The Old Mark Newman Publishing House.
       South Congregational Church.

 JAMES OTIS, JR.
   BY REV. H. HEWITT.

 A ROMANCE OF KING PHILIP'S WAR.
   BY FANNY BULLOCK WORKMAN.

 THE SINGER.
   BY LAURA GARLAND CARR.

 THE WEBSTER FAMILY.
   BY HON. STEPHEN M. ALLEN.
     Illustrations:
       Daniel Webster On His Farm.
       Birth-place Of Daniel Webster.

 THE NEW ENGLAND LIBRARY AND ITS FOUNDER.
   BY VICTORIA REED.
     Illustration:
       Rev. Thomas Prince.

 NEW ENGLAND MANNERS AND CUSTOMS IN THE
 TIME OF BRYANT'S EARLY LIFE.
   BY MRS. H. G. ROWE.

 TRUST.
   BY ARTHUR ELWELL JENKS.

 NEW ENGLAND CHARACTERISTICS.
   BY LIZZIE M. WHITTLESEY.

 EDITOR'S TABLE.

 EDUCATION.

 HISTORICAL RECORD.

 NECROLOGY.

 INDEX TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE.

    Illustration:
      Hon. Henry Barnard, LL.D.

       *       *       *       *       *




                                  THE

                          NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE

                                  AND

                           BAY STATE MONTHLY.

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
   OLD SERIES,                 APRIL, 1886.               NEW SERIES,
 VOL. IV. NO. 4.                                        VOL. I. NO. 4.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright, 1886, by Bay State Monthly Company. All rights reserved.




AN ILLUSTRIOUS TOWN,--ANDOVER.

BY REV. F. B. MAKEPEACE.


[Illustration: MAIN STREET, LOOKING NORTH.]

It is said that there are twenty-six places in the United States by the
name of Andover; yet when the name appears in the public prints it does
not occur to any one to ask which Andover? These facts are suggestive of
the wide knowledge and popularity of this historic town, and the abiding
interest of scattered thousands in its welfare. Her sons have gone forth
to dare and to do upon every field of honorable enterprise. Thousands of
pupils have pursued their studies here, and carry precious memories of
the schools, of teachers, and influences,--in a word, of Andover.

In this rapid and general view of the town,[A] all that will be
attempted is to connect the past with the present, and to give a picture
of Andover as it is to-day.[B]

    [A] In the February number of this magazine will be found an
    interesting article upon Abbott Academy, and in following numbers
    articles, now in course of preparation, will be published upon the
    Theological Seminary and Phillips Academy.

    [B] The history of the town has been carefully written by Miss Sarah
    Loring Bailey, and her volume of "Historical Sketches of Andover" is
    very valuable.

The natural attractions of the town are great and permanent in their
character. There are neither gold mines nor alarming precipices, but
there are graceful rivers, a quiet rolling landscape, and extensive
views, shaded walks, and charming drives, because there are "more roads
than in any other town in New England;" the air is clear and bracing,
the sunsets once seen are not soon forgotten, the wild-flowers spring in
abundance, and the autumnal glory draws many visitors to the town.

[Illustration: BRECHIN LIBRARY.]

[Illustration: MEMORIAL HALL AND LIBRARY.]

When Washington made his tour of the Eastern States, after his
inauguration, he passed through Andover on his way from Haverhill to
Lexington. He spent the night at the Abbott tavern, and left upon the
face of his host's little daughter a kiss, which she was so reluctant to
lose that for a week she did not wash her face. In his account of this
trip he makes special mention of the beautiful country through which he
was passing.

     All that is most characteristic in our New England landscape finds
     its representation here. Its rugged granite breaks with hard lines
     through the stubborn soil. Its sweep of hill and valley fills the
     eye with various beauty. Its lakes catch its sunlight upon generous
     bosoms. Its rivers are New England rivers, ready for work, and yet
     not destitute of beauty.[C]

    [C] Phillips Brooks.

The "Hill" is one mile from the depot, a very uphill way, but one which
it is well worth the stranger's while to travel. Upon its top is a tract
of about two hundred acres, the property of Phillips Academy, upon which
stand the various buildings of the institution, now nearly seventy in
number.

[Illustration: PHILLIPS ACADEMY.]

Prof. Keep, in a recent article, says:--

     The wide prospect from Andover Hill is suggestive of the world-wide
     fame of the school; and the lovely elm-shaded park, in which stand
     the buildings of the Theological Seminary, and the church where the
     members of the academy worship, is a hardly less peaceful and
     charming scholar's retreat than are those of the college gardens of
     Oxford and Cambridge.

This elm-shaded park is the beautiful campus of seven or eight acres. In
the background are all the buildings of the Theological Seminary, except
Brechin Hall, and in front of them is the avenue of elms which makes the
"Gothic window." Nothing of its kind could be more beautiful. Overhead
are the interlaced branches of the lofty trees, the end of the avenue
forming the exquisite window, through which extends a long vista. On
either side of the mullion one has the view of a church in the distance;
and in the valley of the Merrimac nestles the city of Lawrence.

[Illustration: OLD STONE ACADEMY.]

[Illustration: THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.]

Not far remote is "Carter's Hill," with its commanding view and unbroken
quiet, and destined to become a favorite summer resort, for such as wish
to enjoy some of New England's choicest scenery, to know some of its
purest life, and to keep within an hour's ride of Boston. Within easy
view are Monadnock, Wachusett, and other smaller mountains; the
beautiful Merrimac River, with its populous valley, and the
graceful, busy Shawshin, where it was said, the Devil baptized the
witches,--contemptible when thought of as the object of great Boston's
covetous desire, but important in its relation to the several mills upon
its course, and for its contribution to the general beauty.

"Indian Ridge" is one of the series of lenticular hills, which continues
to the north-east as far as Portsmouth, N.H., and in an irregular course
may be traced westward to the Connecticut River.

[Illustration: LIEUT.-GOV. PHILLIPS.]

This ridge is supposed to have been the spot of Indian encampments, and
is within a tract of land now owned by the town, and intended as a park.
Near it is the "Red Spring," and a mile or two north-east is "Den Rock,"
all of which are frequently visited by holiday bands of children, and by
students in hours of recreation.

The Andover records date from 1639, and the town was incorporated May 6,
1646. The story of Andover's progress from its foundation until the
present, is full of interest. The town's part in all the early movements
was most creditable, and full of intelligence. At the close of a
century of its life we find vigilance as to the character of its growing
population.

The authorities believed that whatsoever a town soweth, that shall it
also reap. It was therefore in vain that the "pauper immigrant" or
"criminal classes" knocked for admittance. It is said that the town was
"made up at the beginning of 'choice men,''very desirable' and 'good
Christians.'"[D]

    [D] Historical Sketches, p. 145.

[Illustration: CHAPEL, THEO. SEMINARY.]

[Illustration: PUNCHARD FREE SCHOOL.]

"The selectmen were empowered to examine into the character and habits
of all persons seeking residence, and to admit none who were idle or
immoral.


                                 ANDOVER, the 30th of January, 1719-20.

   _To_ MR. EBENEZER LOVEJOY, _constable_.

    GREETING:--Whereas there are severall Persons com to Reside in
    our Towne and we feare a futer charge and as the Law directs to prevent
    such charge, you are Requested in his Majesty's name forthwith to
    warn the severall persons under wrighten: to depart out of our Town
    as the law directs to, least they prove a futer charge to the
    Towne.

    [Signed by the Selectmen.]

"The town also encouraged desirable persons to settle by making them
grants of land, etc. Ministers and masters of grammar schools were
exempt from taxation."

[Illustration:
THE CHAPEL.    PHILLIPS HALL.    BARTLETT CHAPEL.
       BARTLETT HALL.    BRECHIN HALL.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.--GENERAL VIEW.]

In few places can the local features of the great Revolutionary struggle
be as well studied as in the ample and well-preserved records of
Andover. It would take many pages to tell what the town did in council
and on the field, in business, and at the fireside, to encourage the
patriots. So loyal was the town that its citizens were greatly trusted,
and a portion of Harvard College library was sent there for its greater
safety.

[Illustration: THE OLD MARK NEWMAN PUBLISHING HOUSE.]

A pleasant description of the town is given by Thomas Houghton, an
Englishman, who, writing from Andover in 1789, mentions several
characteristics of the people at that period. He says: "One thing I must
observe, which, I think, wants rectifying, that is, their pluming pride
when adjoined to apparent poverty,--no uncommon case!"

He adds that they grow "their own wool, which they also get spun,
weaved, and dyed, and both the gentlemen I am with, Hon. Samuel Phillips
and his father, who is a justice of the peace, generally appear in their
own manufacture, in imitation of the British."

[Illustration: SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.]

"As to property, it seems so well secured from principle in the people
that there is not such use of locks and bolts as in England. Even where
I am, we have five out-door and sixty-two sash windows; yet all the
barage on the doors is a wood catch on the door-snek."...

"Oh, what a country has Britain lost by her folly! But this is too
large a field to dwell on in a letter; the subject, from even poor me,
would easily draw forth a volume."[E]

    [E] Sketches of Andover, pp. 402-3.

Among the early students in Harvard College, from Andover, was one who
was destined to immortal renown. When the rebellious spirit against
England began to rise, Samuel Phillips, whose father, by the same name,
was then the representative to the General Court, was one of the most
earnest to fan the sacred flame. Choosing "Liberty" as the theme, while
in college he wrote: "We should watch against every encroachment, and
with the fortitude of calm, intrepid resolution oppose them. Unborn
generations will either bless us for our activity and magnanimity, or
curse us for our pusillanimity."

In 1775 he is chosen to represent the town in Provincial Congress, to be
held at the meeting-house in Watertown.

His great life-work now began, a work which will be more fully described
hereafter. In all the relations and duties of student, patriot, business
man, judge, lieutenant-governor, and founder of Phillips Academy, he won
for himself a good report, and helped to lay lasting foundations.

"Phillips School," as it was at first called, was opened April 30, 1778,
in a "rude building of one story about 30 x 25 feet, done off
temporarily in the plainest manner for the purpose, and not intended for
more than thirty or forty scholars." From this small beginning the
school has developed into the widely-famed Academy, which numbers more
than three thousand graduates, and under whose instruction have passed
about eleven thousand pupils. The limits of this article prevent a
notice of those alumni who have become justly famous, and also of the
very strong faculty of instructors, at whose head stands one of the
foremost of American educators, under whose wise direction Phillips is
fast becoming the synonyme of Rugby, and is already one of the important
sources of supply of student-life for Harvard and Yale.

In 1785 the "joiner's shop" gave place to a new academy, which stood
west of where Brechin Hall now stands, and which was burned in 1818. The
third academy, erected in the same year, is now used as the gymnasium.
In 1865 the present academy came into being. It is a noble structure,
with excellent facilities for educational work. Its spacious hall,
where occur the commencement exercises, and the annual contests for the
various prizes, is adorned by the portraits of many of the Academy's
illustrious dead.

The new laboratory is a part, already finished, of the proposed
building, for the use of the classes in the natural sciences.

For want of funds in hand, only the east wing has been built, and this
is now occupied by the class in analytical chemistry. When completed,
the building will be a beautiful and a convenient structure. The walls
will be of pressed brick laid in red mortar, with dark granite base, and
Nova Scotia sandstone trimmings. The roof will be covered with Monson
slate. The basement will be eleven feet high, mostly above ground, and
will serve for the force-pump, heating apparatus, and for rough storage.

The chemical laboratory will occupy the main floor, and will be a room
40 x 30 feet. Abundant light and air are to be supplied by windows on
three sides, and the system of ventilation will be excellent.

The advantages aimed at in this building are, ample space, freedom from
dampness, abundant light, the means of speedy and complete ventilation,
good drainage, a minimum of absorbing surfaces, and a minimum of fire
risk. The building, when completed, will have a small side-room for
books and balances, a private laboratory for the instructor in charge,
a spacious lecture-room, a drawing-room, cabinets for the various
collections in geology, mineralogy, etc., now inconveniently distant, a
dry store-room, also corridors, closets, and janitor's quarters,
complete.

The chaste and time-honored seal of Phillips Academy was the gift of
John Lowell and Oliver Wendell, the grandfathers of Oliver Wendell
Holmes; and probably, though not certainly, was engraved by Paul Revere.

     In 1807 the "Class in Theology" became a distinct institution, the
     first of the kind in the world, whose invested endowment now
     reaches nearly a million dollars and which has graduated nearly
     2,000 students. The Theological Seminary has passed her 75th
     anniversary; yet, as a representative and defender of whatever is
     most vigorous, active, and progressive in Christian orthodoxy, she
     holds an aegis that is ageless, and a sceptre imperishable. And it
     is said that no one man now living can read even the alphabets of
     all the languages through which her sons have sought to interpret
     the Word of God to the world. Previous