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                       Department of the Interior

                    Ethnological Survey Publications

                           Volume IV, Part II

                          THE HISTORY OF SULU


                                   By

                           NAJEEB M. SALEEBY

                                 Manila
                       Bureau of Public Printing
                                  1908







CONTENTS


PART II

                                                             Page.

Preface                                                        117

Chapter I

Geographical Description of the Sulu Archipelago               121

    In general                                                 121
    Island of Sulu                                             127
        Geographical features                                  127
        Principal coast settlements                            129
        Districts of the island                                131
    Town of Jolo                                               133
        General plan, buildings and streets                    133
        Trade                                                  137
        Population                                             144


Chapter II

Genealogy of Sulu                                              147

    Translator's introduction                                  147
    Sulu author's introduction                                 147
    Descendants of Asip                                        148
    Descendants of Tuan Masha'ika                              149
    Original and later settlers of Sulu                        149
    Sulu historical notes                                      151
        Introduction                                           151
        Sulu notes                                             152


Chapter III

Rise and Prosperity of Sulu                                    155

    Sulu before Islam                                          155
    Introduction of Islam and the rise of a Mohammedan
    dynasty in Sulu                                            158
    Establishment of the Mohammedan Church in Sulu and the
    reign of Abu Bakr                                          161
    Early days of the sultanate                                163
        Successors of Abu Bakr                                 163
        Figueroa's expedition against Sulu                     164
        Reasons for hostilities                                168
        Rule of Batara Shah Tangah                             171
        Figueroa's expedition against Mindanao                 172
        Moro raids                                             175
    First Spanish conquest and occupation of Sulu              177
    Sulu supremacy in the Archipelago                          179
        Successors of Bungsu                                   179
        Reign of Sultan Alimud Din I                           180
        Reign of Sultan Israel                                 187
        Moro pirates                                           191
    Treaty of 1836 with the Sultan of Sulu                     194
        Text of the treaty                                     194
        Ratification of the treaty by the Queen Regent
        of Spain                                               196
    Expedition of Governor Claveria                            199
    Visits to Jolo of Captain Henry Keppel and Sir
    James Brooke                                               201


Chapter IV

Decline of Sulu                                                205

    Expedition against Jolo                                    205
    Treaty of April 30, 1851                                   209
        Translation of the Sulu text of the treaty of 1851     212
    Politico-military government of Mindanao and adjacent
    islands                                                    214


Chapter V

Sulu Under Spanish Sovereignty                                 221

    Occupation of Jolo                                         221
    Rule of Sultan Jamalul A'lam                               224
        Cession of possessions in Borneo to British North
        Borneo Company                                         225
        Treaty of July, 1878                                   226
            Translation of the Spanish copy of the treaty      227
            Translation of the Sulu text of the treaty         229
        Rule of Sultan Badarud Din II                          233
        Struggle for the sultanate                             237
        Rule of Sultan Harun                                   240
        Rule of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II                        244


Chapter VI

Conclusion                                                     247

    Political status of Sulu at the time of Spanish
    evacuation                                                 247
    Spanish policy                                             249
        Attitude of the Moros                                  249
        Mistakes and difficulties of Spanish rule              251
        Report of Baltasar Giraudier                           254
        Views of Espina                                        255
        Purpose of Spain                                       256
        Resources of Spain                                     260


Appendixes

    Appendix I. The pacification of Mindanao by Ronquillo      269
            II. The pacification of Mindanao                   275
           III. The Moro raids of 1599 and 1600                279
            IV. Gallinato's expedition to Jolo                 283
             V. Olaso's expedition in 1629                     289
            VI. Corcuera's campaign in Jolo                    291
           VII. Obando's report on the preparations to be
                undertaken to return Alimud Din to Sulu        305
          VIII. Obando's report on the circumstances
                attending the attempt to return Alimud
                Din to Sulu                                    307
            IX. Report on the occupation of Palawan and
                Balabak                                        313
             X. A brief report on the expedition to take
                possession of Palawan                          317
            XI. The letter of the King of Spain to Sultan
                Israel                                         319
           XII. Letter from the captain-general of the
                Philippines forwarding a copy of the treaty
                of peace, protection, and commerce with Sulu   321
          XIII. Royal directions relative to commerce with
                Sulu, and the advisability of making
                Zamboanga a free port                          325
           XIV. Camba's report on the circumstances
                attending the treaty of 1836 and its bases     333
            XV. Camba's report on commerce with Sulu and
                the advisability of making Zamboanga a free
                port                                           339
           XVI. Communication from the governor of Zamboanga
                to the supreme government of the Philippines,
                relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke
                with the Sultan of Sulu                        345
          XVII. Communication from the supreme government of
                the Philippines to the secretary of state,
                relative to the treaty of Sir James Brooke
                with the Sultan of Sulu                        355
         XVIII. Regulations relative to taxes and imposts
                on natives and immigrants in Sulu              359
           XIX. The protocol of Sulu, of 1877, between
                Spain, Germany, and Great Britain              367
            XX. The protocol of Sulu of 1885, between Spain,
                Germany, and Great Britain                     371
           XXI. Decree of the general government in regard
                to payment of tribute by Sulus                 375
          XXII. Royal communications relative to the rights
                of foreigners to the pearl fisheries of Sulu   377
         XXIII. Royal directions relative to the treatment
                of foreigners engaged in pearl fishing in
                the Sulu waters                                383
          XXIV. La Torre's views on the policy that should
                be adopted in Mindanao and Sulu                385


Maps and Diagrams

    Map I. The Sulu Archipelago                      Frontispiece
                                                    Facing page--
       II. Sulu Island                                        128
      III. Sketch of Jolo before 1888                         134
       IV. Sketch of Jolo at the present time                 134
    Diagram 1. Sultans and royal datus of Sulu                158
            2. Datus of Sulu not descended from Abu Bakr      158







PREFACE


The first object sought in the search for the Genealogy of Sulu was
a knowledge of those significant historical events of Sulu which
antedated the Spanish discovery and conquest of the Philippine
Islands, the connection which those events might have had with the
earlier history of the other islands and the light that they might
throw upon the subject of prehistoric Malayan immigration to the