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[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in
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NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. IV.--No. 109. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29. 1851.

Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._




CONTENTS.

                                                                Page


      NOTES:--

      Thomas More and John Fisher                                417

      Notes on Newspapers, by H. M. Bealby                       418

      Treatise of Equivocation                                   419

      Notes on Virgil, by Dr. Henry                              420

      Minor Notes:--Verses presented, to General
      Monck--Justice to Pope Pius V.                             421

      QUERIES:--

      Crosses and Crucifixes                                     422

      Master of the Buckhounds, by John Branfill Harrison        422

      Minor Queries:--"No Cross no Crown"--Dido and
      AEneas--Pegs and Thongs for Rowing: Torture among the
      Athenians--French Refugees--Isabel, Queen of the Isle
      of Man--Grand-daughter of John Hampden--Cicada or
      Tettigonia Septemdecim--The British Sidanen--Jenings or
      Jennings--Caleva Atrebatum, Site of--Abigail--Etymology
      of Durden--Connecticut Halfpenny                           423

      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Arms displayed on Spread
      Eagle--St. Beuno--Lists of Knights Bachelor--Walker--See
      of Durham                                                  424

      REPLIES:--

      Convocation of York                                        425

      The Old Countess of Desmond                                426

      Coins of Vabalathus                                        427

      Marriage of Ecclesiastics                                  427

      Replies to Minor Queries:--"Crowns have their
      Compass"--The Rev. Richard Farmer--Earwig                  428

      MISCELLANEOUS:--

      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     429

      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               429

      Notices to Correspondents                                  430

      Advertisements                                             430




Notes.


THOMAS MORE AND JOHN FISHER.

Although I am afraid "NOTES AND QUERIES" may not be considered as open
to contributions purely bibliographical, and admitting I am uncertain
whether the following copy of the treatise of John Fisher, Bishop of
Rochester, has been before noted, I am induced to send this extract from
Techener's _Bulletin du Bibliophile_ for May 1851. The book is in the
library at Douai.

  "This Treatise concernynge the fruytful Saynges of David the King
  and prophete in the seven penytencyall psalmes, devyded in _ten_
  sermons, was made and compyled by the ryght reverente fader in god
  Johan Fyssher, doctour of dyvinyte and bysshop of Rochester, at
  the exortacion and sterynge of the most excellent pryncesse
  Margarete, Countesse of Richemount and Derby, and moder to out
  souverayne Lorde Kynge H[=e]ry the VII."

It is described as a small 4to., printed upon vellum, in Gothic letters,
at London, 1508, by Wynkyn de Worde, and contains 146 leaves. On the
first leaf it has a portcullis, crowned with the motto "Dieu et mon
Droit." On the recto of the last leaf there is--

  "Here endeth the exposycyon of the 7 psalmes. Enprynted at London
  in the fletestrete, at the sygne of ye Sonne, by Wynkyn de Worde.
  In the yere of oure lorde M.CCCCC.VIII. ye 16 day of ye moneth of
  Juyn. The XXIII. yere of ye reygne of our souverayne Lorde Kynge
  H[=e]ry the Seventh."

At the back, there is the sun, the monogram of Wynkyn de Worde--the
letters W. C. displayed as usual--and beneath, "Wynkyn de Worde."

At the beginning of the book, "sur une garde en velin" (a fly-leaf of
vellum?), there is written in a very neat hand the following ten verses,
the profession of faith of Thomas Morus and of his friend John Fisher,
Bishop of Rochester:

      "The surest meanes for to attaine
      The perfect waye to endlesse blisse
      Are happie lief and to remaine
      W'thin ye church where virtue is;
      And if thy conscience be sae sounde
      To thinse thy faith is truth indeede
      Beware in thee noe schisme be founde
      That unitie may have her meede;
      If unitie thow doe embrace
      In heaven (_en_?)joy possesse thy place."

Beneath--

      "Qui non recte vivit in unitate ecclesiae
      Catholicae, salvus esse non potest."

And lower on the same page--

      "Thomas Morus d[=n]s cancellarius Angliae
      Joh. Fisher Epus Roffensis."

It is traditionally reported, upon the testimony of some Anglican
Benedictines (an order now extinct), that the lines which contain the
profession of faith, and those which follow, are in the handwriting of
Bishop Fisher, and that the work was presented by him to the
chancellor, during their imprisonment, when by order of Henry VIII. the
chancellor was denied the consolation of his books.

In the same library there is a fine Psalter, which belonged to Queen
Elizabeth. The _Livre d'Heures_ of Mary Queen of Scots was here also to
be found: "Maria, glorious martyr and Queen of Scotland." It is
conjectured these books were brought to Douai by the fugitive English
Roman Catholic priests. In 1790 their collections were confiscated and
given to the public library of Douai. It would be of interest to
ascertain, if possible, the authenticity of the _Heures a l'Usage_,
stated to have belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. Upon this point one may
be permitted to be sceptical. I have myself seen two. One of these, it
was said, had been used by Mary on the scaffold, and contained a note in
the handwriting, as I think, of James II. attesting the fact. It was
understood to have been obtained from a monastery in France. The other,
a small Prayer Book MS. in vellum, of good execution, had the signature
"M." with a line I think over it of "O Lord, deliver me from my
enemies!" in French. I am, however, now writing from memory, and, in the
first case, of very many years.

Whether the line, "Maria, glorious martyr and Queen of Scotland," be
written in the Psalter, or has been added by the mental excitement of M.
Duthilloeul, the librarian at Douai, I cannot decide. The grand
culmination of "and Queen of Scotland" forms doubtless a very striking
anti-thesis: but neither the possessor of the book nor a priest would
have so sunk the martyr, although a woman and a queen were alike
concerned, as this line does. Lowndes states there is a copy of the
bishop's treatise on vellum at Cambridge. A copy is in the British
Museum; but the title, according, to Lowndes, has _seven_ sermons. It
will be observed the title now given has _ten_.

    S. H.


NOTES ON NEWSPAPERS.

The social elements of society in the seventeenth century were more
simple in their character and development than at the present period.
The population was comparatively small, and therefore the strivings for
success in any pursuit did not involve that severe conflict which is so
frequently the case in the present day. Society then was more of a
community than it is now. It had not public bodies to aid it. It was
left more to its own inherent resources for reciprocal good, and for
mutual help. The temptations to evade and dissemble, in matters of
business, or private and public negotiations, were not so strong as they
now are. Its transactions were more transparent and defined, because
they were fewer and less complicated than many of our own. We readily
grant that society now, in its social, religious, and commercial
aspects, enjoys advantages immeasurably superior to those of any former
period; still there are some few advantages which it had then, that it
cannot possess now. The following advertisements, from the newspapers of
the time, will illustrate the truth of the foregoing remarks:

From a _Collection for Improvement of Husbandry and Trade_.

  Friday, January 26, 1693/4.

  "One that is fit to keep a Warehouse, be a Steward, or do any
  Business that can be supposed an intelligent Man that has been a
  Shopkeeper is fit for, and can give any Security that can be
  desired, as far as Ten Thousand Pound goes, and has some Estate of
  his own, desires an Employment of One hundred Pounds a year, or
  upwards. I can give an account of him."

That a man having 10,000_l._ to give as security, and in possession of
an estate, should require a situation of 100_l._ per annum, sounds oddly
enough in our ears. "I can give an account of him," denotes that the
editor was a man well known and duly appreciated. He appears to have
been a scribe useful in many ways. He was known, and knowing.

  Friday, February 2, 1693/4.

  "A very eminent Brewer, and one I know to be a very honest
  Gentleman, wants an Apprentice. I can give an account of him."

In what sense the word "honest" must here be taken it is difficult to
define. As an eminent brewer, we should naturally conclude he must have
been an honest man. He is here very eminent and very honest.

  Friday March 16, 1693/4.

  "Many Masters want Apprentices, and many Youths want Masters. If
  they apply themselves to me, I'll strive to help them. Also for
  variety of valuable services."

Here is the editor of a paper offering his help to masters and
apprentices for their mutual good. Let us suppose an advertisement of
this kind appearing in _The Times_ of our own day. Printing-house Square
would not contain a tithe of the individuals who would present
themselves for the reception of this accommodating aid. In such a case
the editors (as it regards their particular duties) would be cyphers,
for a continuous absorption of their time would necessarily occur in the
carrying out of this benevolent offer. This advertisement may be
considered as _multum in parvo_, giving the wants of the many in an
announcement of three or four lines, connecting them with a variety of
services which in those days were thought to be valuable. How greatly
are we assisted by these little incidents in forming correct views of
the state of society at that period.

The next advertisement shows the value set upon the services of one who
was to perform the duties of a clerk, and to play well on the violin.

  "If any young Man that plays well on a Violin, and writes a good
  Hand, desires a Clerkship, I can help him to Twenty Pounds a
  year."

Of course twenty pounds was of more value then than it is now: still it
seems a small sum for the performance of such duties, for twelve months.
Here is musical talent required for the amusement of others, in
combination with the daily duties of a particular profession. An
efficient musician, and a good writer, and all for 20_l._ per annum! We
learn by the editor's "I can help him," his readiness to assist all who
would advertise in his journal, to obtain those employments which their
advertisements specified.

  Friday, April 6, 1694.

  "A Grocer of good business desires an Apprentice of good growth."

The "good growth" must have been intended to convey the idea of height
and strength.

My next article shall be devoted to advertisements of another class,
further illustrating the state of society and the peculiarities of the
people at the end of the seventeenth century.

    H. M. BEALBY.

  North Brixton.


TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION.

As having originated the inquiry in "NOTES AND QUERIES"[1] respecting
this Treatise, under