



Produced by Louise Hope, PM for Bureau of American
Ethnology, The Internet Archive (American Libraries) and
the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by the BibliothA"que nationale
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transcribed by the PG Finale Team.






[Transcriber's Notes:

This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the
"real" (Unicode/UTF-8) version of the file. Some compromises were made
in character display:

  --Vowels with macron or "long" mark (rare) are shown instead with
  circumflex: a, e. The circumflex accent does not occur anywhere else.
  --The "oe" ligature (also rare) is shown as two letters.
  --A handful of other letters have been "unpacked" and shown
  in brackets.
  --For chi and kra, see under "Orthography".

Parenthetical question marks (?) are in the original. Italics are shown
conventionally with _lines_. In the Glossary (only) small capitals are
shown with #marks#.

Orthography is explained early in the article. Modern (ICI) forms should
be deducible from Boas's spellings. These are based on Kleinschmidt,
but with q in place of [kra]. Note that long vowels are rarely marked,
except in the Glossary and in figure captions. Words are often written
with nasalized finals: n for t sometimes, ng for k almost always,
irn (only) for iq. Medial q was usually written as Greek chi,
representing the fricative pronunciation: "E[ch]aluin" and similar.
As a compromise for this Latin-1 text, chi is shown as q in the main
text, and as [ch] in the Glossary.

Missing punctuation in Figure captions and the Glossary has been
silently supplied. Other typographical errors are listed at the end of
the e-text.]




  Smithsonian Institution----Bureau Of Ethnology.

  THE CENTRAL ESKIMO.

  by

  DR. FRANZ BOAS




CONTENTS.


                                                                Page.
  Introduction                                                   409
    Authorities quoted                                           410
    Orthography                                                  413
    Geography of Northeastern America                            414
  Distribution of the tribes                                     419
    General observations                                         419
    Baffin Land                                                  421
      The Sikosuilarmiut                                         421
      The Akuliarmiut                                            421
      The Qaumauangmiut                                          421
      The Nugumiut                                               422
      The Oqomiut                                                424
      The Padlimiut and the Akudnirmiut                          440
      The Aggomiut                                               442
      The Iglulirmiut                                            444
      The Pilingmiut                                             444
      The Sagdlirmiut                                            444
    Western shore of Hudson Bay                                  444
      The Aivillirmiut                                           445
      The Kinipetu or Agutit                                     450
      The Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island                      451
      The Sinimiut                                               451
    Boothia Felix and Back River                                 452
      The Netchillirmiut                                         452
      The Ugjulirmiut                                            458
      The Ukusiksalirmiut                                        458
    Smith Sound                                                  459
      The natives of Ellesmere Land                              459
      The North Greenlanders                                     460
  Influence of geographical conditions upon the distribution
          of the settlements                                     460
  Trade and intercourse between the tribes                       462
  List of the Central Eskimo tribes                              470
  Hunting and fishing                                            471
    Seal, walrus, and whale hunting                              471
    Deer, musk ox, and bear hunting                              501
    Hunting of small game                                        510
    Fishing                                                      513
  Manufactures                                                   516
    Making leather and preparing skins                           516
    Sundry implements                                            523
  Transportation by boats and sledges                            527
    The boat                                                     527
    The sledge and dogs                                          529
  Habitations and dress                                          539
    The house                                                    539
    Clothing, dressing of the hair, and tattooing                554
  Social and religious life                                      561
    Domestic occupations and amusements                          561
    Visiting                                                     574
    Social customs in summer                                     576
    Social order and laws                                        578
    Religious ideas and the angakunirn (priesthood)              583
      Sedna and the fulmar                                       583
      The tornait and the angakut                                591
      The flight to the moon                                     598
      Kadlu the thunderer                                        600
    Feasts, religious and secular                                600
    Customs and regulations concerning birth, sickness,
          and death                                              609
  Tales and traditions                                           615
    Ititaujang                                                   615
    The emigration of the Sagdlirmiut                            618
    Kalopaling                                                   620
    The Uissuit                                                  621
    Kiviung                                                      621
    Origin of the narwhal                                        625
    The visitor                                                  627
    The fugitive women                                           628
    Qaudjaqdjuq                                                  628
       I. Story of the three brothers                            628
      II. Qaudjaqdjuq                                            630
    Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the cannibal                             633
    The Tornit                                                   634
    The woman and the spirit of the singing house                636
    The constellation Udleqdjun                                  636
    Origin of the Adlet and of the Qadlunait                     637
    The great flood                                              637
    Inugpaqdjuqdjualung                                          638
    The bear story                                               638
    Sundry tales                                                 639
      The owl and the raven                                      641
    Comparison between Baffin Land traditions and those of
          other tribes                                           641
  Science and the arts                                           643
    Geography and navigation                                     643
    Poetry and music                                             648
      Merrymaking among the Tornit                               649
      The lemming's song                                         649
      Arlum pissinga (the killer's song)                         650
          I. Summer song                                         653
         II. The returning hunter                                653
        III. Song of the Tornit                                  653
         IV. Song of the Inuit traveling to Nettilling           653
          V. Oqaitoq's song                                      654
         VI. Utitiaq's song                                      654
        VII. Song                                                654
       VIII. Song                                                654
         IX. Song of the Tornit                                  654
          X. The fox and the woman                               655
         XI. The raven's song                                    655
        XII. Song of a Padlimio                                  655
       XIII. Ititaujang's song                                   655
        XIV. Playing at ball                                     656
         XV. Playing at ball                                     657
    XVI-XIX. Extracts                                        657-658
  Glossary                                                       659
    Eskimo words used, with derivations and significations       659
    Eskimo geographical names used, with English
          significations                                         662
  Appendix                                                       667




ILLUSTRATIONS.


                                                                 Page.

  PLATE II. Map showing in detail the geographical divisions
              of territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes of
              Northeastern America                               (*)
              1. Oqo and Akudnirn.
              2. Frobisher Bay.
              3. Eclipse Sound and Admiralty Inlet.
              4. Repulse Bay and Lyon Inlet.
              5. Boothia Isthmus and King William Land.
       III. Map of the territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes
              of North America, showing the boundaries           (*)
        IV. Map of Cumberland Peninsula, drawn by Aranin,
              a Saumingmio                                       643
         V. Eskimo drawings                                      648
        VI. Eskimo drawings                                      650
       VII. Eskimo drawings                                      651
      VIII. Eskimo carvings                                      652
        IX. Eskimo carvings                                      653
         X. Modern implements                                    654

    [* In pocket at end of volume.]


  FIG. 390. Harpoon from Alaska                                  472
       391. Modern unang or sealing harpoon                      472
       392. Old style naulang or harpoon head                    473
       393. Modern naulang or harpoon head                       473
       394. Qilertuang or leather strap and clasps for holding
              coiled up harpoon lines                            474
       395. Siatko or harpoon head of the Iglulirmiut            475
       396. Siatko found at Exeter Sound                         475
       397. Eskimo in the act of striking a seal                 476
       398. Tutareang or buckle                                  477
       399. Eskimo awaiting return of seal to blowhole           478
       400. Tuputang or ivory plugs for closing wounds           479
       401. Wooden case for plugs                                480
       402. Another form of plug                                 480
       403. Qanging for fastening thong to jaw of seal           480
       404. Qanging in form of a seal                            481
       405. Q