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                          TRAVELS

                            IN

                       PERU AND INDIA.

[Illustration: HINCHONA-PLANTS AT OOTACAMUND,

In August 1881 (from a Photograph). A flowering branch of Chinchona in
the foreground.      FRONTISPIECE. Page 487]




                          TRAVELS

                            IN

                       PERU AND INDIA

        WHILE SUPERINTENDING THE COLLECTION OF CHINCHONA
             PLANTS AND SEEDS IN SOUTH AMERICA, AND
                 THEIR INTRODUCTION INTO INDIA.


             BY CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, F.S.A., F.R.G.S.,

              CORR. MEM. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHILE;
                   AUTHOR OF 'CUZCO AND LIMA.'

                   WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.


                           LONDON:
                 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

                            1862.

            _The right of Translation is reserved._


    LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
                       AND CHARING CROSS.




PREFACE.

[Illustration]

THE introduction of quinine-yielding Chinchona-trees into India, and
the cultivation of the "Peruvian Bark" in our Eastern possessions,
where that inestimable febrifuge is almost a necessary of life, has
for some years engaged the attention of the Indian Government. In 1859
the author of the present work was intrusted, by the Secretary of
State for India in Council, with the duty of superintending all the
necessary arrangements for the collection of Chinchona-plants and seeds
of the species esteemed in commerce, in South America, and for their
introduction into India. This important measure has now been crowned
with complete success, and it is the object of the following pages
to relate the previous history of the Chinchona-plant; to describe
the forests in South America where the most valuable species grow; to
record the labours of those who were engaged in exploring them; and to
give an account of all the