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                    EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

                              IN ENGLAND.




                          BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

                          ARCHITECTURE OF THE
                        RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND.

                   ILLUSTRATED BY A SERIES OF VIEWS
                  AND DETAILS FROM BUILDINGS ERECTED
                 BETWEEN THE YEARS 1560 and 1635, WITH
                   HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL TEXT....

   The Illustrations comprise 145 Folio Plates, 118 being reproduced
          from Photographs taken expressly for the work, and
                        180 Blocks in the Text.

      2 vols., large folio, in cloth portfolios      £7 7s. Net.
                 or half morocco, gilt    £8 8s. Net.

  [Illustration: PLATE I.

  HENRY VII.'S CHAPEL, WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

  INTERIOR VIEW, SHOWING VAULTING AND SCREEN.]




                           EARLY RENAISSANCE
                             ARCHITECTURE
                              IN ENGLAND

               A HISTORICAL & DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE
                TUDOR, ELIZABETHAN, & JACOBEAN PERIODS,
                               1500-1625

                  FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS AND OTHERS

                                  BY

                        J. ALFRED GOTCH, F.S.A.

                    AUTHOR OF "ARCHITECTURE OF THE
                     RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND," ETC.

           WITH EIGHTY-SEVEN COLLOTYPE AND OTHER PLATES AND
           TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

                                LONDON
                    B. T. BATSFORD, 94 HIGH HOLBORN
                                MDCCCCI




                 BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS,
                         LONDON AND TONBRIDGE.




                               PREFACE.


It should, perhaps, be observed that although this book is entitled
_Early Renaissance Architecture in England_, it deals with much the
same period as that covered by my former work _The Architecture of the
Renaissance in England_, but with the addition of the first half of
the sixteenth century. The two books, however, have nothing in common
beyond the fact that they both illustrate the work of a particular
period. The former book exhibits a series of examples, to a large
scale, of Elizabethan and Jacobean buildings, with a brief account
of each: whereas this one takes the form of a handbook in which the
endeavour is made to trace in a systematic manner the development of
style from the close of the Gothic period down to the advent of Inigo
Jones.

It is not the inclusion of the first half of the sixteenth century
which alone has led to the adoption of the title _Early Renaissance_:
the limitation of period which these words indicate appeared
particularly necessary in consequence of the recent publication of
two other books, one being the important work of Mr. Belcher and Mr.
Macartney, illustrating buildings of the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, under the title of _Later Renaissance Architecture in
England_; and the other being Mr. Reginald Blomfield's scholarly book,
_A History of Renaissance Architecture in England_, which, although
it starts with the beginning of the sixteenth century, does not dwell
at any length upon the earlier work, but is chiefly devoted to an
exhaustive survey of that of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The value of a work on Architecture is greatly enhanced by
illustrations, and I am much indebted to the numerous gentlemen who,
with great courtesy, have placed the fruits of their pencil, brush, or
camera at my disposal: their names are given in the Lists of Plates and
Illustrations. More particularly I desire to acknowledge the kindness
of the Committee of that very useful publication _The Architectural
Association Sketch Book_, in giving permission for some of their plates
to be reproduced; and among other contributors I have especially to
thank Colonel Gale, Mr. W. Haywood, and Mr. Harold Brakspear; while
to Mr. Ryland Adkins I am indebted for several valuable suggestions
in connection with the text of the Introductory chapter. Mr. Bradley
Batsford has rendered ungrudging assistance at every stage of the
undertaking, which has particularly benefited from his broad and
liberal views in regard to the illustrations. My thanks are also due to
those ladies and gentlemen who allowed me to examine, and sometimes to
measure and photograph their houses; and I am indebted to Mr. Chart,
the Clerk of Works at Hampton Court Palace, for much useful information
imparted during my investigations there.

Each illustration is utilized to explain some point in the text, but
in many cases the reference is purposely made short, the illustration
being left to tell its own story.

                                                       J. ALFRED GOTCH.

    WEST HILL, KETTERING.
     _August, 1901._




                               CONTENTS.


  CHAP.                                                        PAGE

       I.--INTRODUCTORY                                           1

      II.--THE INVASION OF THE FOREIGN STYLE                     10

     III.--THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSE PLAN
         FROM ABOUT 1450 TO 1635                                 41

      IV.--EXTERIOR FEATURES--THE LAY-OUT OF HOUSES,
             LODGES AND GATEWAYS, DOORWAYS AND PORCHES           73

       V.--EXTERIOR FEATURES--GENERAL ASPECT, EXTERNAL
             APPEARANCE, WINDOWS OF VARIOUS KINDS                94

      VI.--EXTERIOR FEATURES--GABLES, FINIALS, PARAPETS
             CHIMNEYS, RAIN-WATER HEADS, GARDENS                116

     VII.--INTERIOR FEATURES--ROYAL PROGRESSES, THE MANNER
             OF DECORATING ROOMS, WOOD-PANELLING                138

    VIII.--INTERIOR FEATURES--TREATMENT OF THE HALL,
             OPEN ROOFS, THE SMALLER ROOMS, DOORS AND DOOR
             FURNITURE, CHIMNEY-PIECES, CEILINGS, PENDANTS,
             FRIEZES                                            159

      IX.--INTERIOR FEATURES--STAIRCASES, THE GREAT CHAMBER,
             THE LONG GALLERY, GLAZING, &c.                     184

       X.--MISCELLANEOUS WORK--STREET HOUSES, MARKET
             HOUSES, ALMSHOUSES, TOWN HALLS, VILLAGE CROSSES,
             SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND THEIR FITTINGS, &c.          200

      XI.--SIXTEENTH CENTURY HOUSE-PLANNING--ILLUSTRATED
             FROM THE COLLECTION OF JOHN THORPE'S
             DRAWINGS                                           226

     XII.--ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNERS OF THE SIXTEENTH
             CENTURY                                            253

    LIST OF WORKS ON EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE             267

    INDEX                                                       271




                            LIST OF PLATES.

NOTE.--The letters "A.A.S.B." denote that the subject is
reproduced from _The Architectural Association Sketch Book_, with
authority of the Draughtsman and by permission of the Committee.


        PLATE
          I.--HENRY VII.'S CHAPEL, WESTMINSTER ABBEY, INTERIOR
                VIEW                                      _Frontispiece._
                                         S. B. Bolas, London, photo.
                                                                   FACING
         II.--HENRY VII.'S TOMB IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY        PAGE
                                               H. O. Cresswell, del.   14

        III.--DETAILS FROM THE TOMB OF HENRY, LORD MARNEY,
                LAYER MARNEY CHURCH       Fred Chancellor, del.        18

            { FAN VAULTING, CHAPEL OF THE REDMOUNT, KING'S LYNN     }
            {                            W. Galsworthy Davie, photo.}
         IV.{                                                       }  19
            { VAULTING OF PORCH, COWDRAY HOUSE, SUSSEX              }
            {                                       J. A. G., photo.}

          V.--THE COUNTESS OF SALISBURY'S CHANTRY, CHRISTCHURCH;
                VIEW FROM CHOIR                                        20

         VI.--THE COUNTESS OF SALISBURY'S CHANTRY, CHRISTCHURCH;
                DETAIL OF NICHES ON NORTH SIDE                         22

            { PART OF SCREEN, ST. CROSS, WINCHESTER                 }
        VII.{                            W. Galsworthy Davie, photo.}  26
            { PAULET TOMB, BASING CHURCH   J. A. G., photo.         }

       VIII.--SCREEN IN THE CHAPEL, KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE          28

            { TITLE PAVING FROM LACOCK ABBEY                        }
            {                                 Harold Brakspear, del.}
         IX.{                                                       }  38
            { SINGLE TILES FROM THE SAME PAVEMENT                   }
            {                                       W. Haywood, del.}

          X.--CHEST FROM ST. MARY OVERIE, SOUTHWARK
                                    Victor T. Jones, del. [A.A.S.B.]   40

         XI.--COMPTON WINYATES; GENERAL VIEW                           47

        XII.--COMPTON WINYATES; THE ENTRANCE PORCH
                                                 C. E. Mallows, del.   48

       XIII. (DOUBLE)--DETAILS FROM LAYER MARNEY TOWER
                                            Arnold B. Mitchell, del. 52-3

        XIV.--THE ENTRANCE GATEWAY, HENGRAVE HALL
                         J. Palmer Clarke, Bury St. Edmund's, photo.   56

         XV.--THE ENTRANCE PORCH, MORETON OLD HALL
                                                Maxwell Ayrton, del.   58

        XVI.--A GABLE FROM THE FRONT, MORETON OLD HALL
                                                Maxwell Ayrton, del.   58

       XVII.--SOUTH SIDE OF COURTYARD, KIRBY HALL
                                               M. Starmer Hack, del.   60

      XVIII.--JOHN TH