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[Illustration: “TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.”

  This picture explains and is symbolic of the most progressive one
    hundred years in history. In the center stands the beautiful
    female figure typifying Industry. To the right are the goddesses
    of Music, Electricity, Literature and Art. Navigation is noted in
    the anchor and chain leaning against the capstan; the Railroad,
    in the rails and cross-ties; Machinery, in the cog-wheels,
    steam governor, etc.; Labor, in the brawny smiths at the anvil;
    Pottery, in the ornamented vase; Architecture, in the magnificent
    Roman columns; Science, in the figure with quill in hand. In the
    back of picture are suggestions of the progress and development
    of our wonderful navy. Above all hovers the angel of Fame ready
    to crown victorious Genius and Labor with the laurel wreaths of
    Success.
]




  TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS
  OF THE
  19TH CENTURY

  THE
  TRUE MIRROR OF A PHENOMENAL ERA


  A VOLUME OF ORIGINAL, ENTERTAINING AND INSTRUCTIVE HISTORIC
  AND DESCRIPTIVE WRITINGS, SHOWING THE MANY AND
  MARVELLOUS ACHIEVEMENTS WHICH DISTINGUISH

  AN HUNDRED YEARS
  OF
  Material, Intellectual, Social and Moral Progress

  EMBRACING AS SUBJECTS ALL THOSE WHICH BEST TYPE THE GENIUS,
  SPIRIT AND ENERGY OF THE AGE, AND SERVE TO BRING INTO
  BRIGHTEST RELIEF THE GRAND MARCH OF IMPROVEMENT
  IN THE VARIOUS DOMAINS OF
  HUMAN ACTIVITY.


  BY
  JAMES P. BOYD, A.M., L.B.,

  _Assisted by a Corps of Thirty-Two Eminent and Specially Qualified
  Authors._

  Copiously and Magnificently Illustrated.


  [Illustration]


  PHILADELPHIA
  A. J. HOLMAN & CO.




  COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY W. H. ISBISTER.
  _All Rights Reserved._

  COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY W. H. ISBISTER.




INTRODUCTORY


Measuring epochs, or eras, by spaces of a hundred years each, that
which embraces the nineteenth century stands out in sublime and
encouraging contrast with any that has preceded it. As the legatee of
all prior centuries, it has enlarged and ennobled its bequest to an
extent unparalleled in history; while it has at the same time, through
a genius and energy peculiar to itself, created an original endowment
for its own enjoyment and for the future richer by far than any
heretofore recorded. Indeed, without permitting existing and pardonable
pride to endanger rigid truth, it may be said that along many of the
lines of invention and progress which have most intimately affected the
life and civilization of the world, the nineteenth century has achieved
triumphs and accomplished wonders equal, if not superior,