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[Illustration:

  James Fergusson, del.
  John Murray, Albemarle St. London.
  Kell Bro^s. Castle St. Holborn.

SOUTH EAST VIEW OF THE MAUSOLEUM,

AS RESTORED.]

  THE
  MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS
  RESTORED
  IN CONFORMITY WITH
  THE RECENTLY DISCOVERED REMAINS.

  BY JAMES FERGUSSON,
  FELLOW ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS.
  AUTHOR OF THE ‘HANDBOOK OF ARCHITECTURE;’ ‘ESSAY ON THE
  TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM,’ &c.

  LONDON:
  JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
  1862.

  _The right of Translation is reserved._


  LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
  AND CHARING CROSS.




PREFACE.


The Essay contained in the following pages has no pretension to being a
complete account of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. All that has been
attempted in the present instance is to recapitulate and explain the
various data which have recently been brought to light for restoring
that celebrated monument of antiquity; and to show in what manner these
may be applied so as to perfect a solution of the riddle which has so
long perplexed the student of classical architecture.

At some future period it may be worth while to go more fully and with
more careful elaboration into the whole subject; but to do this as it
should be done, would require more leisure and better opportunities
than are at present at the Author’s disposal for such a purpose.


  20, LANGHAM PLACE,
       _May_, 1862.




CONTENTS.


                                                   PAGE.

  INTRODUCTION                                        5


  CHAPTER I.

  SCRIPTA                                             8

  RELIQUIÆ                                           12

  EXEMPLA                                            14

  RATIONES                                           16


  CHAPTER II.

  GREEK MEASURES                                     20

  CYMATIUM                                           22

  PTERON                                             24

  PYRAMID                                            27

  VERTICAL HEIGHTS                                   30

  ARCHITECTURAL ORDINANCE                            33

  LACUNARIA                                          36

  SCULPTURE AND PEDESTALS                            38


  CONCLUSION                                         43




LIST OF WOODCUTS.


  1. LION TOMB, CNIDUS                               14

  2. TOMB AT DUGGA                                   15

  3. TOMB AT MYLASSA                                 16

  4. CYMATIUM                                        22

  5. SECTION OF CYMATIUM AND OF BASE OF PYRAMID      29

  6. PEDESTAL OF MONTE CAVALLO GROUP                 41


DIRECTION TO BINDER.

Place _Plates_ I., II., and III. at the end of the work.




MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS.




INTRODUCTION.


Of all the examples of the wonderful arts of the Greeks, the remains
or the memories of which have come down to us, no one has excited such
curiosity as the far-famed Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, or such regret
that no fragments of it should have existed in our own days. All we
knew of it, till very recently, was that the ancients themselves were
inclined to look upon it as the very best specimen of architectural art
which they possessed. For not only did they rank it as among the seven
wonders of the world, but assigned it that pre-eminence—not because
of its size or durability, but because of the intrinsic beauty of its
design, and the mode in which it was ornamented.

The Pyramids of Egypt and Walls of Babylon were wonders only because
of their mass or their durability. The Palace of Cyrus or the Hanging
Gardens of Babylon may have been rich in colour and barbaric splendour,
but we know enough of Assyrian and of Persian art to feel convinced
that the taste in which they were designed must at least have been
very questionable. The Colossus at Rhodes, and the Statue of Jupiter
at Elis, whatever their merits,—and of one, at least, of them we can
believe anything,—did not belong to architectural art. The Temple of
Ephesus may have been beautiful in itself, but it became a wonder only
from its size, as the largest of Greek temples. But the Mausoleum,
which covered not more than one-sixth or one-seventh of its area, could
have been remarkable only because it