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    LORD LYONS

    VOLUME II

[Illustration: _Lord Lyons, at the age of 65._

LONDON: EDWARD ARNOLD.]




    LORD LYONS

    A RECORD OF BRITISH DIPLOMACY

    BY
    LORD NEWTON

    IN TWO VOLUMES

    VOLUME II

    WITH PORTRAITS

    LONDON
    EDWARD ARNOLD
    1913

    _All rights reserved_




CONTENTS OF VOL. II


    CHAPTER X

    THE THIRD REPUBLIC

    1871-1873
                                                                PAGE

    Thiers as Chief of the Executive--Negotiations respecting a new
    Anglo-French Commercial Treaty--Return of the Princes--Embarrassment
    caused by the Comte de Chambord--Question
    of voting in the House of Lords--Thiers elected President--State
    of parties in France--Irritation in Germany against Thiers--Diplomatic
    incident at Constantinople--Signature of Anglo-French
    Commercial Treaty--Death of the Emperor Napoleon--Lord
    Odo Russell on Bismarck's policy--Fall of Thiers--Bismarck
    and Arnim                                                      1


    CHAPTER XI

    MARSHAL MACMAHON'S PRESIDENCY

    1873-1875

    MacMahon as President of the Republic--Franco-German
    relations--Bismarck's confidences to Lord Odo Russell--Political
    confusion in France--The war scare of 1875--Rumoured intention
    of Khedive to sell his Suez Canal shares--Lord Odo Russell on
    Bismarck's Foreign Policy--Purchase of Khedive's shares by H.M.
    Government                                                    47


    CHAPTER XII

    THE EASTERN QUESTION

    1876-1878

    The Powers and Turkey: England and the Andrassy Note--Gambetta
    on French Politics--Simplicity of Marshal MacMahon--Political
    consequences of French military re-organisation--Struggle
    between the Marshal and Parliament--The Constantinople
    Conference: Determination of Lord Derby to do nothing--Intrigues
    of the Duc Decazes--Constitutional crisis in
    France--Defeat of Marshal MacMahon: new Radical Ministry
    formed under Dufaure with Waddington as Foreign Minister--Treaty
    of San Stefano; nervousness of French Government--Determination
    of H.M. Government to secure a Conference--Invitation
    to Lord Lyons to be the British representative at
    Berlin--Resignation of Lord Derby: appointment of Lord
    Salisbury--Lord Salisbury's circular of April 1st, 1878--Inquiry
    of Lord Salisbury respecting French desire for Tunis--The Anglo-Turkish
    Convention--The Congress of Berlin--Reception in
    France of the Anglo-Turkish Convention--Waddington and
    Tunis--Sir H. Layard on the Treaty of Berlin                  95


    CHAPTER XIII

    M. GREVY'S PRESIDENCY

    1878-1879

    Paris Exhibition of 1878: desire of Queen Victoria to visit it
    incognito--Tunis--Resignation of MacMahon: Election of
    Grevy--Waddington Prime Minister: his difficulties--Anglo-French
    policy in Egypt--Question of deposing the Khedive
    Ismail--Differences between British and French Governments
    with regard to Egypt--Deposition of the Khedive by the Sultan--Death
    of the Prince Imperial: effect in France--Proposed
    visit of Gambetta to England: his bias in favour of English
    Conservatives--Resignation of Waddington: Freycinet Prime
    Minister--Coolness between France and Russia                 161


    CHAPTER XIV

    THE REVIVAL OF FRANCE

    1880-1881

    Change of Government in England and reversal of Foreign Policy--The
    French Embassy in London: Freycinet's model Ambassador--Personal
    characteristics of Lord Lyons: _On ne lui connait
    pas de vice_--The work at the Paris Embassy--The Eastern
    Question: Mr. Goschen at Constantinople--The Dulcigno
    Demonstration and the difficulties of the European Concert--Proposal
    to seize Smyrna--Opportune surrender of the Sultan--H.M.
    Government and the Pope: Mission of Mr. Errington,
    M.P.--Gambetta on the European situation--French expedition
    to Tunis--Ineffectual objections of H.M. Government--Establishment
    of French Protectorate over Tunis--Irritation in England
    and Italy--Distinction drawn between Tunis and Tripoli--Attempt
    to negotiate a new Anglo-French Commercial
    Treaty: Question of Retaliation                              209


    CHAPTER XV

    ARABI'S REBELLION

    1881-1882

    Egypt: the _coup d'etat_ of the Colonels: joint Anglo-French
    action--Gambetta as Prime Minister--His desire to remain on good
    terms with England--