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                           THE ARCHITECTURE

                                  OF

                       PROVENCE AND THE RIVIERA




                 _Printed by George Waterston & Sons_

                                  FOR

                      DAVID DOUGLAS, EDINBURGH.

                LONDON         HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO.
                CAMBRIDGE      MACMILLAN AND BOWES.
                GLASGOW        JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS.




                          THE ARCHITECTURE OF

                               PROVENCE

                                  AND

                              THE RIVIERA

                                  BY

                            DAVID MACGIBBON

  AUTHOR OF “THE CASTELLATED AND DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF SCOTLAND.”

                            [Illustration]

                       EDINBURGH: DAVID DOUGLAS

                                 1888.

                       [_All rights reserved._]




PREFACE.


Having been called on, a few years ago, to make frequent journeys
between this country and the Riviera, the author was greatly impressed
with the extraordinary variety and abundance of the ancient
architectural monuments of Provence. This country was found to contain
not only special styles of Mediæval Art peculiar to itself, but likewise
an epitome of all the styles which have prevailed in Southern Europe
from the time of the Romans. It proved to be especially prolific in
examples of Roman Art from the age of Augustus till the fall of the
Empire. It also comprises a valuable series of buildings illustrative of
the transition from Classic to Mediæval times. These are succeeded by a
rich and florid development of Romanesque, accompanied by a plain style
which existed parallel with it--both being peculiar to this locality.
The remains of the Castellated Architecture are also especially grand
and well preserved; while the picturesque towns, monasteries, and other
structures of the Riviera have a peculiar charm and attraction of their
own.

These Architectural treasures being comparatively unknown, it is
believed that a popular work bringing their leading features into notice
will be not unacceptable to all lovers of architecture as well as to the
numerous visitors to the south of France, and may be of use in directing
attention to a most interesting department which has hitherto been to a
great extent overlooked.

A proper history of Provence has unfortunately not yet been written. A
short account, derived from various sources, of the state of the country
from early times and during the Middle Ages is therefore prefixed to the
description of the Monuments, so as to explain the historical conditions
under which the Architecture of Provence was developed, and to show its
connection with that of other countries and times.

The author has to acknowledge the valuable aid he has received from the
excellent notes on the Architecture of the country by Prosper Mérimée in
his “Voyage dans les Midi de la France” (1835),--a work which, even at
the early date of its publication, anticipated many of the results more
recently arrived at.

The comprehensive and invaluable “Dictionnaire Raisonné” of
Viollet-le-Duc has also been of much service, and is frequently referred
to.

Most of the illustrations are from drawings and measurements made by the
author on the spot, and these generally bear his initials. But where
thought advisable for fuller illustration some of the drawings are taken
from photographs; from Henry Révoil’s beautiful work on the
“Architecture Romane du Midi de la France” (1873); and a few from other
sources as mentioned in the text.

Special thanks are due to Professor Baldwin Brown for his kindness in
revising the proof sheets, and for the valuable suggestions he has made.

     EDINBURGH, _October 1888_.




ERRATA.


Page  vi. line 11 from bottom, _for_ “les”            _read_  “le”
 “    5,   “  10   “   top,       “  “two thousand”      “     “three thousand.”
 “   27,   “   1   “    “        no (
 “   36,   “   7   “  bottom,  _for_ “Carée”             “     “Carrée.”
 “   93,   “  12   “    “         “  “Dioeletian”        “     “Diocletian.”
 “  126,   “   4   “    “         “  “length”            “     “width.”
 “  128, Title, Fig. 41,          “  “FETES”             “     “TETES.”
 “  147, line 7 from  bottom,     “  “apartmnts”         “     “apartments.”
 “  194, Title of Fig. 97,        “  “ST CÉSAIRE”        “     “ST TROPHIME.”
 “  211,   “  20 from  top,       “  “dypticks”          “     “dyptichs.”
 “  212,   “  14   “  bottom,     “  “Jocobi”            “     “Jacobi.”
 “  221,   “   6   “   top,       “  “bonnded”           “     “bounded.”
 “  462,   “  12   “  bottom,     “  “shews”             “     “shew.”




TABLE OF CONTENTS.


I. INTRODUCTORY.

The Architecture of South of France comparatively little known, 1;
contrast of North and South in climate, buildings, &c., 3; Provence
a very ancient and independent State, 4; and scene of important
historical events, 5.


II. EARLY HISTORY OF PROVENCE, AND ITS CONDITION DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.

Colonised by Phœnicians, 1100 B.C.--Greek culture introduced, 7;
occupied by the Romans about 100 B.C., 8; became their favourite
province, 9; overrun by Visigoths in fourth century, 10; Roman and
