

E-text prepared by deaurider, Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)



Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
      file which includes the original illustrations.
      See 54546-h.htm or 54546-h.zip:
      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54546/54546-h/54546-h.htm)
      or
      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54546/54546-h.zip)


      Images of the original pages are available through
      Internet Archive. See
      https://archive.org/details/timeclocksdescri00cuny


Transcriber’s note:

      Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
      However, to improve readability, italics notation has been
      omitted from equations. If the variables are in italics in
      the surrounding text, they were in italics in the equations.





TIME AND CLOCKS.


[Illustration:

  [_Frontispiece._

NUREMBERG CLOCK. CONVERTED FROM A VERGE ESCAPEMENT TO A PENDULUM
MOVEMENT.]


TIME AND CLOCKS:

A Description of Ancient and Modern Methods of
Measuring Time.

by

H. H. CUNYNGHAME M.A. C.B. M.I.E.E.

With Many Illustrations.






London:
Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd.
16 James Street Haymarket.
1906.

Bradbury, Agnew, & Co. Ld., Printers,
London and Tonbridge.




CONTENTS.


                                                   PAGE
  INTRODUCTION                                        1

  CHAPTER   I.                                        7

  CHAPTER  II.                                       50

  CHAPTER III.                                       90