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                       The University of Chicago
                    FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

                     THE NOOTKA SOUND CONTROVERSY

                            A DISSERTATION

        SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS
              AND LITERATURE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE
                        OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

                        (DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY)

                                  BY
                          WILLIAM RAY MANNING

         INSTRUCTOR IN HISTORY AT PURDUE UNIVERSITY; FELLOW OF
                THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, 1902 TO 1904

                              WASHINGTON
                      GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                                 1905




XVI.--THE NOOTKA SOUND CONTROVERSY.

By WILLIAM RAY MANNING, Ph. D.

_Instructor in History at Purdue University; Fellow of the University
of Chicago, 1902 to 1904._

[The Justin Winsor prize of the American Historical Association was
awarded to the author of this monograph.]




THE NOOTKA SOUND CONTROVERSY.

By WILLIAM RAY MANNING, Ph. D.




CONTENTS.


                                                                      Page.

    CHAPTER I. Introduction                                             283

           II. The English plans for occupying Nootka Sound             286

          III. The Spanish plans for occupying Nootka Sound--The
                 conflicting claims before 1789                         300

           IV. Martinez’s operations at Nootka before Colnett’s
                 arrival                                                312

            V. The quarrel and the seizure                              331

           VI. The English prisoners in Mexico                          344

          VII. Attempts at peaceable settlement                         362

         VIII. Europe prepares for war                                  380

           IX. England’s first demand granted                           395

            X. America’s relations to the controversy                   412

           XI. The national assembly and the family compact--Effect
                 on the negotiation                                     424

          XII. English ultimatum--Spanish defiance                      439

         XIII. The Nootka Sound convention--Its reception and results   450

          XIV. Subsequent negotiations and final settlement of the
                 Nootka Sound dispute                                   463

    Bibliography                                                        472




PREFACE.


The French revolutionary period contains so much of greater importance
that historians have neglected the Nootka Sound incident. Of the
few writers who have discussed it, the majority have written from a
partisan standpoint, or, if impartial themselves, have drawn their
information from partisan pamphlets. The consequence is that many
errors regarding it have crept into the work of the best writers. The
purpose of this monograph is to give a more extended account, drawn
largely from unpublished sources, and to correct as many of the errors
as possible.

Besides working over the documents that have been published and the
accounts that have been written, a thorough search has been made in
the archives of the Indies at Seville, in the national historical
archives at Madrid, and in the British Museum and the public record
office at London. A less thorough search has been made in the archives
of foreign affairs at Paris and the archives of the Department of State
at Washington. More than 500 pages of unpublished documents relating to
the dispute have been transcribed and used. The classified bibliography
at the close will make clear the sources of information and their
relative value.

My acknowledgments are due to the following persons for valuable
assistance: To my wife, who worked with me continually for two and
a half months in the Spanish archives and the British Museum, and
who has criticised my manuscript and read the proof sheets; to Prof.
J. F. Jameson, whose untiring interest has been a constant source
of inspiration, and to whose aid and painstaking suggestions are
largely due any merits that the monograph may possess; to Prof. A. C.
McLaughlin, for research in the archives at Washington; to Prof. F. J.
Turner, for manuscripts and other material from his own collection.
Besides these, I wish to make special mention of the kindness and
assistance of Señor Pedro Torres-Lanzas, director of the archives
of the Indies at Seville, and of Señor Vicente Vignau y Ballester,
director of the national historical archives at Madrid.

CHICAGO,