AMERICA, VOL. IV (OF 8)***


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NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA

French Explorations and Settlements in North America
and Those of the Portuguese, Dutch, and Swedes 1500-1700


[Illustration]


NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA

Edited by

JUSTIN WINSOR

Librarian of Harvard University
Corresponding Secretary Massachusetts Historical Society

VOL. IV







Boston and New York
Houghton, Mifflin and Company
The Riverside Press, Cambridge

Copyright, 1884,
by James R. Osgood and Company.
All rights reserved.

The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.
Printed by H. O. Houghton & Company.




                      CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

 [_The French arms on the title are those used by the Royal
 Printing-Office in Paris in the Seventeenth Century._]


  INTRODUCTION. PAGE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA.
      _Nathaniel S. Shaler_                                            i


  CHAPTER I.

  CORTEREAL, VERRAZANO, GOMEZ, THEVET. _George Dexter_                 1

  ILLUSTRATION: Early Fishing Stages, 3.

  CRITICAL ESSAY                                                      12

  ILLUSTRATION: The Verrazano map, 26.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Francis I., 23; Janus Verrazanus, 25.

  MAPS OF THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 1500-1535.
      _The Editor_                                                    33

  ILLUSTRATIONS: The Admiral’s map, 34; Portuguese Chart (1503),
  35; Map of Lazaro Luis, 37; of Verrazano (1529), 37; of Ribero
  (1529), 38; of Maiollo (1527), 39; of Agnese (1536), 40; of
  Münster (1540), 41; Ulpius Globe (1542), 42; Carta Marina
  (1548), 43; Lok’s Map (1582), 44; John White’s Map (1585), 45;
  Map of North America (1532-1540), 46.


  CHAPTER II.

  JACQUES CARTIER AND HIS SUCCESSORS. _Benjamin F. De Costa_          47

  ILLUSTRATION: Jacques Cartier, 48.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Jacques Cartier, 48; Henri the Dauphin, 56.

  CRITICAL ESSAY                                                      62

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Maps of Allefonsce, 74, 75, 76, 77; of Des Liens
  (1566), 78.

  CARTOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 1535-1600.
  _The Editor_                                                        81

  ILLUSTRATIONS: The Nancy Globe, 81; Ulpius Globe (1542), 82;
  Maps of Rotz (1542), 83, 83; Cabot Mappemonde (1544), 84;
  Münster’s Map (1545), 84; Map of Medina (1545), 85; of Henri II.
  (1546), 85; of Freire (1546), 86; in British Museum, 87; of Nic.
  Vallard, 87; of Gastaldi, 88; belonging to Jomard, 89; of
  Bellero, 89; of Baptista Agnese (1544), 90; of Volpellio, 90;
  of Gastaldi in Ramusio, 91; of Homem (1558), 92; of Ruscelli
  (1561), 92; of Zaltieri (1566), 93; of Mercator (1569), 94;
  of Ortelius (1570), 95; of Porcacchi (1572), 96; of Martines
  (1578), 97; of Judæis (1593), 97; of John Dee (1580), 98; of De
  Bry, (1596), 99; of Wytfliet, 100; of Quadus (1600), 101.


  CHAPTER III.

  CHAMPLAIN. _Edmund F. Slafter_                                     103

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of Port St. Louis, 109; of Tadoussac, 114;
  of Quebec (1613), 115; of the St. Lawrence River (1609), 117;
  View of Quebec, 118; Champlain, 119; Defeat of the Iroquois,
  120; Champlain’s Route (1615), 125; Taking of Quebec (1629),
  128.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Champlain, 119; Montmagny, 130.

  CRITICAL ESSAY                                                     130


  CHAPTER IV.

  ACADIA. _Charles C. Smith_                                         135

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Sieur de Monts, 136; Isle de Sainte Croix, 137;
  Buildings on the same, 139; Lescarbot’s Map of Port Royal,
  140; Champlain’s Map of Port Royal, 141; Map of Gulf of Maine
  (_circum_ 1610), 143; Buildings at Port Royal, 144; Map of
  Pentagöet, 146; Sir William Phips, 147; Jesuit Map (1663), 148.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Henry IV., 136; Razilly, 142; La Tour, 143;
  D’Aulnay, 143; Robert Sedgwick, 145; John Leverett, 145; St.
  Castine, 146.

  CRITICAL ESSAY                                                     149

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Lescarbot’s Map of Acadia, 152; La Hontan’s Map
  of Acadia, 153; Sir William Alexander, 156; Francis Parkman,
  157.

  AUTOGRAPH: Francis Parkman, 157.

  NOTES. _The Editor_                                                159

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of Fort Loyal, 159; Map of Pemaquid, 160.

  AUTOGRAPHS: De Meneval, 160; De Villebon, 160; Le Moyne
  d’Iberville, 161.


  CHAPTER V.

  DISCOVERY ALONG THE GREAT LAKES. _Edward D. Neill_                 163

  ILLUSTRATIONS: The Soleil, 192; its bottom, 193.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Argenson, 168; Mézy, 172; Courcelle, 177;
  Frontenac, 177; Henry de Tonty, 182.

  CRITICAL ESSAY                                                     196

  EDITORIAL NOTE                                                     198

  ILLUSTRATION: Map of early French explorations, 200.

  JOLIET, MARQUETTE, AND LA SALLE. _The Editor_                      201

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of the Ottawa Route (1640-1650), 202;
  Dollier and Galinée’s Explorations, 203; Lakes and the
  Mississippi, 206; Joliet’s Map (1673-74), 208; Fac-simile of
  Joliet’s Letter, 210; Joliet’s Larger Map (1674), 212, 213;
  Joliet’s Smaller Map, 214; Basin of the Great Lakes, 215;
  Joliet’s Carte Générale, 218; Marquette’s Genuine Map, 220;
  Mississippi Valley (1672-73), 221; Fort Frontenac, 222; Map
  by Franquelin (1682), 227; (1684), 228; (1688), 230-231; by
  Coronelli et Tillemon (1688), 232; by Raffeix (1688), 233;
  Ontario and Erie, by Raffeix (1688), 234; by Raudin, 235; La
  Salle’s Camp, 236; Map by Minet (1685), 237; Murder of La
  Salle, 243; Portrait of La Salle, 244.

  AUTOGRAPHS: Joliet, 204; Raffeix, 232; De Beaujeu, 234; Le
  Cavelier, 234.

  FATHER LOUIS HENNEPIN. _The Editor_                                247

  ILLUSTRATIONS: Niagara Falls, 248; Hennepin’s Map (1683), 249;
  (1697), 251, 252-253; title of _New Discovery_, 256.

  BARON LA HONTAN. _The Editor_                                      257

  ILLUSTRATIONS: La Hont