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Transcriber's Note:

  Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
  been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.

  Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

  Inconsistent or incorrect accents and spelling in passages in French,
  Latin and Italian have been left unchanged.

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  out by the proofers, and left as printed:

  Page 291: Leblane should be Leblanc?

  Page 311: Ciracchi and Carrachi (in the same letter)?

  Page 332: Quixotte should be Quixote?

  Page 396: A line (or lines) seem to be missing at the bottom of page 396
  after "The compensations to collectors depend on you, and not on".

  Page 435: Kosciugha should be Kosciusko?

  Page 461: Mr. Pintency at Madrid should be Mr. Pinckney at Madrid?

  Page 468: Browze Trist should possibly be Browse Trist?

  Page 484: Ponchartrain should be Pontchartrain?

  Page 486: Chace should possibly be Chase?




    THE
    WRITINGS
    OF
    THOMAS JEFFERSON:

    BEING HIS
    AUTOBIOGRAPHY, CORRESPONDENCE, REPORTS, MESSAGES,
    ADDRESSES, AND OTHER WRITINGS, OFFICIAL
    AND PRIVATE.

    PUBLISHED BY THE ORDER OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE OF CONGRESS ON THE
      LIBRARY,
    FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS,
    DEPOSITED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

    WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES, TABLES OF CONTENTS, AND A COPIOUS INDEX
    TO EACH VOLUME, AS WELL AS A GENERAL INDEX TO THE WHOLE,

    BY THE EDITOR
    H. A. WASHINGTON.


    VOL. IV.


    NEW YORK:
    H. W. DERBY, 625 BROADWAY.
    1861.




    Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by
    TAYLOR & MAURY
    In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of
      Columbia.


    STEREOTYPED BY
    THOMAS B. SMITH,
    216 William St., N. Y.




CONTENTS TO VOL. IV.


  BOOK II.

  PART III.--CONTINUED.--LETTERS WRITTEN AFTER HIS RETURN TO THE
    UNITED STATES DOWN TO THE TIME OF HIS DEATH.--(1790-1826,)--3.

      Adams, J., letter written to, 153.

      Adams, Samuel, letters written to, 321, 389.

      Adams, Mrs., letters written to, 545, 555, 560.

      Attorney General of United States, letter written to the, 97.


      Barlow, Joel, letters written to, 369, 437.

      Barton, B. S., letters written to, 353, 470.

      Bell, Colonel, letter written to, 174.

      Bloodworth, Timothy, letter written to, 523.

      Brackenridge, John, letters written to, 318, 341, 498.

      Brown, Morgan, letter written to, 310.

      Buchan, Earl of, letter written to, 493.

      Burr, Colonel, letters written to, 184, 340, 349.


      Cabanis, M., letter written to, 496.

      Campbell, Colonel Arthur, letter written to, 197.

      Carmichael & Short, letter written to, 9.

      Carolina, South, Governor of, letter written to the, 97.

      Carr, P., letter written to, 235.

      Church, Mr., letter written to, 94.

      Ciracchi, Mr., letter written to, 82.

      Claiborne, Governor, letters written to, 486, 551, 558.

      Clarke, Daniel, letter written to, 497.

      Clinton, Governor, letter written to, 520.

      Cooper, Thomas, letter written to, 452.

      Coxe, Tenche, letters written to, 104, 345, 332.

      Coxe, Mr., letter written to, 69.


      Dearborne, Lieutenant, letter written to, 356.

      Departments, Heads of, letter written to, 415.

      Dexter, Samuel, letter written to, 359.

      Dickinson, John, letters written to, 365, 424.

      D'Ivernois, Monsieur, letter written to, 113.

      Dowse, Edward, letter written to, 477.

      Duane, Mr., letter written to, 590.

      Duke & Co., letter written to, 51.

      Dunbar, William, letters written to, 347, 537, 577.

      Dupont, M., letter written to, 456.


      Eddy, &c., Messrs., letter written to, 387.

      Edwards, Dr. J., letters written to, 98, 164.


      Fitzhugh, Peregrine, letters written to, 169, 216.


      Gates, General, letters written to, 178, 212, 494.

      Gallatin, Albert, letters written to, 427, 439, 449, 478, 518,
        543, 566, 588.

      Genet, M., letters written to, 27, 67, 70, 72, 75, 84, 86, 90, 99.

      Gerry, Elbridge, letters written to, 170, 187, 266, 390, 536.

      Giles, William B., letters written to, 118, 125, 132, 380.

      Gilmer, Dr., letters written to, 5, 23.

      Giroud, Mr., letter written to, 175.

      Gore, Mr., letter written to, 55.

      Granger, Gideon, letters written to, 330, 395, 542.


      Hammond, Mr., letters written to, 56, 64, 76, 78, 94.

      Harrison, Governor, letter written to, 471.

      Hawkins, Colonel, letters written to, 325, 465.

      Hite, Mr., letter written to, 145.

      Humboldt, Baron, letter written to, 544.


      Innis, Henry, letter written to, 314.


      Jackson, General, letter written to, 463.

      Jackson, Major William, letter written to, 357.

      Jaudenes & Viar, letter written to, 21.

      Jefferson, George, letter written to, 388.

      Jones, Dr. Walter, letter written to, 392.

      Judges of Supreme Court, letter written to the, 22.


      King, Rufus, letter written to, 442, 528.

      Knox, General, letter written to, 385.

      Kosciusko, General, letters written to, 248, 294, 430.


      La Fayette, M., letters written to, 144, 363.

      Langdon, John, letter written to, 163.

      Latrobe, Mr., letter written to, 535.

      Lewis, Jr., James, letter written to, 240.

      Lewis, Captain Meriwether, letters written to, 492, 515, 521.

      Lewis, Colonel N., letter written to, 276.

      Lincoln, Levi, letters written to, 398, 405, 427, 450, 504.

      Lithson, Mr., letter written to, 563.

      Livingston, E., letter written to, 328.

      Livingston, R. R., letters written to, 295, 337, 360, 408, 431,
        447, 460, 510.

      Logan, Mr., letter written to, 575.

      Lomax, T., letters written to, 300, 361.


      Macon, Nathaniel, letter written to, 396.

      Madison, Bishop, letter written to, 299.

      Madison, James, letters written to, 8, 23, 52, 63, 83, 102, 107,
        110, 116, 121, 130, 135, 136, 150, 154, 161, 166, 179, 182,
        189, 193, 205, 207, 209, 211, 214, 218, 220, 221, 226, 230,
        232, 234, 236, 238, 243, 249, 258, 261, 262, 278, 280, 291,
        307, 322, 324, 342, 344, 355, 550, 557, 583, 584, 587.

      Marsh, Amos, letter written to, 417.

      Marshall, John, letter written to, 364.

      Mason, Stephen Thompson, letter written to, 257.

      Mazzei, P., letters written to, 139, 552.

      McGregory, Uriah, letter written to, 333.

      McKean, Governor, letters written to, 349, 368.

      Mercer, J. F., letters written to, 562, 198.

      Monroe, James, letters written to, 6, 17, 134, 140, 148, 199,
        241, 263, 282, 354, 366, 401, 419, 444, 446, 453.

      Morris, Governeur, letter written to, 31, 71.


      Nemours, Dupont d', letters written to, 435, 508.

      Nicholas, P. N., letter written to, 327.

      Nicholas, Wilson C., letters written to, 107, 304, 305, 505.

      Nicholson, Mr., letters written to, 484, 567.

      Niles, Nathaniel, letter written to, 376.

      Noland, Mr., letter written to, 252.


      Odit, Mr., letter written to, 122.


      Page, J., letter written to, 377.

      Page, Governor, letter written to, 547.

      Page, Mann, letters written to, 119, 203.

      Paine, Thomas, letters written to, 370, 582.

      Parker, Mr., letter written to, 309.

      Patterson, Mr., letter written to, 225.

      Pendleton, Mr., letter written to, 228.

      Pendleton, Edward, letters written to, 274, 287, 293.

      Pictet, Mr., letter written to, 462.

      Pinckney, Thomas, letter written to, 176.

      Pinckney, Mr., letters written to, 58, 85.

      Priestley, Joseph, letters written to, 311, 316, 373, 440, 475, 524.


      Randolph, E., letters written to, 101, 192, 301.

      Randolph, John, letter written to, 517.

      Representatives, Speaker of the House of, letter written to the, 365.

      Reyneval, Monsieur de, letter written to, 371.

      Rhode island, General Assembly of, letter written to, 397.

      R. N., letters written to, 319, 358.

      Robinson, Moses, letter written to, 370.

      Rodgers & Slaughter, Doctors, letter written to, 589.

      Rowan, A. H., letter written to, 256.

      Rutledge, Edward, letters written to, 124, 151, 189.

      Rush, Dr. Benjamin, letters written to, 165, 335, 382, 425, 479, 507.


      Say, N., letter written to, 526.

      Senate, Gentlemen of, letter written to, 362.

      Senate, President _pro. tem._ of, letters written to, 364, 423.

      Shipman, Elias, and others, letter written to, 402.

      Short, William, letter written to, 413.

      Sibley, Dr., letter written to, 580.

      Sinclair, Sir John, letter written to, 490.

      Smith, Samuel, letter written to, 253.

      Soderstrom, Mr., letter written to, 83.

      State, Secretary of, letters written to, 109, 501, 585.

      Stewart, Mr., letter written to, 284.

      Stoddart, Benjamin, letter written to, 360.

      Stroker, French, letter written to, 181.

      Story, Rev. Isaac, letter written to, 422.

      Stuart, A., letter written to, 393.

      Stuart, Colonel, J., letters written to, 149, 195.

      Sullivan, James, letter written to, 167.

      Sullivan, Judge, letter written to, 575.


      Taylor, John, letters written to, 245, 259, 565.

      Tazewell, H., letters written to, 120, 160.

      Treasury, Secretary of, letters written to, 528, 559.

      Tucker, St. George, letter written to, 196.

      Tyler, Judge, letters written to, 548, 574.


      Volney, Mr., letters written to, 156, 569.


      Warren, General, letter written to, 375.

      Waring, Benjamin, letter written to, 378.

      Washington, General, letters written to, 3, 26, 28, 88, 92, 100,
        103, 105, 141.

      White, Alexander, letter written to, 201.

      White, Hugh, letter written to, 394.

      Williams, David, letter written to, 512.

      Williams, Jonathan, letter written to, 146.

      Williamson, Dr., letters written to, 345, 483.

      Wistar, Dr., letter written to, 350.

      Wythe, George, letters written to, 127, 163.


      Yznardi, Don Joseph, letter written to, 384.


      Address lost,--29, 72, 74, 223, 469.




PART III.--CONTINUED.

LETTERS WRITTEN AFTER HIS RETURN TO THE U. S. DOWN TO THE TIME OF HIS
DEATH.

1790-1826.


TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

                                               PHILADELPHIA, June 28, 1793.

DEAR SIR,--I should have taken time ere this to have considered the
observations of Mr. Young, could I at this place have done it in such
a way as would satisfy either him or myself. When I wrote the notes of
the last year, I had never before thought of calculating what were the
profits of a capital invested in Virginia agriculture. Yet that appeared
to be what Mr. Young most desired. Lest therefore no other of those,
whom you consulted for him, should attempt such a calculation, I did
it; but being at such a distance from the country of which I wrote, and
having been absent from that and from the subject in consideration many
years, I could only, for my facts, recur to my own recollection, weakened
by time and very different applications, and I had no means here of
correcting my facts. I therefore hazarded the calculation rather as an
essay of the mode of calculating the profits of a Virginia estate, than
as an operation which was to be ultimately relied on. When I went last
to Virginia I put the press-copy of those notes into the hands of the
most skilful and successful farmer in the part of the country of which
I wrote. He omitted to return them to me, which adds another impediment
to my resuming the subject here; but indeed if I had them, I could only
present the same facts, with some corrections and some justifications of
the principles of calculation. This would not and ought not to satisfy Mr.
Young. When I return home I shall have time and opportunity of answering
Mr. Young's enquiries fully. I will first establish the facts as adapted
to the present times, and not to those to which I was obliged to recur by
recollection, and I will make the calculation on rigorous principles. The
delay necessary for this will I hope be compensated by giving something
which no endeavors on my part shall be wanting to make it worthy of
confidence. In the meantime Mr. Young must not pronounce too hastily on
the impossibility of an annual production of £750 worth of wheat coupled
with a cattle product of £125. My object was to state the produce of
a _good_ farm, under _good_ husbandry as practised in my part of the
country. Manure does not enter into this, because we can buy an acre of
new land cheaper than we can manure an old acre. Good husbandry with us
consists in abandoning Indian corn and tobacco, tending small grain, some
red clover, following, and endeavoring to have, while the lands are at
rest, a spontaneous cover of white clover. I do not present this as a
culture judicious in itself, but as _good_ in comparison with what most
people there pursue. Mr. Young has never had an opportunity of seeing how
slowly the fertility of the _original soil_ is exhausted. With moderate
management of it, I can affirm that the James river lowgrounds with the
cultivation of small grain, will never be exhausted: because we know that
under that cultivation we must now and then take them down with Indian
corn, or they become, as they were originally, too rich to bring wheat.
The highlands, where I live, have been cultivated about sixty years. The
culture was tobacco and Indian corn as long as they would bring enough
to pay the labor. Then they were turned out. After four or five years
rest they would bring good corn again, and in double that time perhaps
good tobacco. Then they would be exhausted by a second series of tobacco
and corn. Latterly we have begun to cultivate small grain; and excluding
Indian corn, and following, such of them as were originally good, soon
rise up to fifteen or twenty bushels the acre. We allow that every laborer
will manage ten acres of wheat, except at harvest. I have no