(OF 3)***


E-text prepared by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
Internet Archive (https://archive.org/index.php)



Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
      file which includes the original map.
      See 48334-h.htm or 48334-h.zip:
      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48334/48334-h/48334-h.htm)
      or
      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48334/48334-h.zip)


      Images of the original pages are available through
      Internet Archive. See
      https://archive.org/details/irelandundertudo02bagwiala


Transcriber's note:

      Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).

      Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).





IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS

VOL. II.


Printed by
Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square
London


IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS

With a Succinct Account of the Earlier History

by

RICHARD BAGWELL, M.A.

In Two Volumes

VOL. II.







London
Longmans, Green, and Co.
1885

All rights reserved




CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.


CHAPTER XIX.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF ELIZABETH TO THE YEAR 1561.

                                                      PAGE

The Protestants rejoice at Elizabeth's accession         1
Dispute as to the O'Neill succession                     2
Sussex Lord Deputy--the Protestant ritual restored       5
Parliament of 1560--the royal supremacy                  6
Expectations of a Catholic rising                        7
Attitude of France, Spain, and Scotland                  8
Clearsightedness of Elizabeth                           10
Desmond, Ormonde, and O'Neill                           10
Reform of the coinage                                   12
Fitzwilliam Lord Deputy                                 14
Claims and intrigues of Shane O'Neill                   15
Conciliatory attitude of the Queen                      19
Shane O'Neill supreme in Ulster                         21


CHAPTER XX.

1561 AND 1562.

Sussex completely fails in Ulster                       23
He plots against Shane O'Neill's life                   27
A truce with Shane                                      30
Who goes to England                                     32
Shane O'Neill at Court                                  33
The Baron of Dungannon murdered                         38
Shane in London--he returns to Ireland                  40
Desmond and Ormonde                                     41
Official corruption                                     43


CHAPTER XXI.

1561-1564.

Grievances of the Pale                                  46
Desmond and the Queen                                   48
Projects of Sussex                                      49
Elizabeth attends to the Pale                           50
Shane O'Neill professes loyalty                         51
Shane oppresses O'Donnell and his other neighbours      52
Sir Nicholas Arnold                                     57
Failure of Sussex                                       58
He attempts to poison Shane                             64
Royal Commission on the Pale                            65
Desmond and Ormonde                                     66


CHAPTER XXII.

1564 AND 1565.

Great abuses in the Pale                                68
Extreme harshness of Arnold                             73
Shane O'Neill in his glory                              74
Shane's ill-treatment of O'Donnell                      76
Shane and the Scots                                     79
Nothing so dangerous as loyalty                         80


CHAPTER XXIII.

1565.

Desmond, Thomond, and Clanricarde                       82
Ormonde will abolish coyne and livery                   83
Private war between Desmond and Ormonde                 85
Shane O'Neill and the Scots                             89
Supremacy of Shane                                      90
Sidney advises his suppression                          91
Desmond and Ormonde--Sidney and Sussex                  92
Ireland is handed over to Sidney                        94
Failure of Arnold                                       98


CHAPTER XXIV.

1566 AND 1567.

Sidney prepares to suppress Shane                      102
Who thinks an earldom beneath his notice               103
The Sussex and Leicester factions                      105
Mission of Sir F. Knollys                              105
The Queen still hesitates                              106
Shane's last outrages                                  107
Randolph's expedition reaches Lough Foyle              108
Sidney easily overruns Ulster                          109
Randolph at Derry                                      110
Sidney in Munster--great disorder                      111
Tipperary and Waterford                                112
Horrible destitution in Cork                           113
Sidney's progress in the West                          114
Failure of the Derry settlement                        115
Defeat and death of Shane O'Neill                      117
His character                                          118
Sidney and the Queen                                   120
Sidney and Ormonde                                     121
Butlers and Geraldines                                 122
The Queen's debts                                      123


CHAPTER XXV.

1567 AND 1568.

Sidney in England--Desmond and Ormonde                 124
Cecil's plans for Ireland                              126
The Scots in Ulster                                    127
Massacre at Mullaghmast                                130
The Desmonds--James Fitzmaurice                        131
Starving soldiers                                      132
Miserable state of the North                           133
Abuses in the public service                           134
Desmond in London--charges against him                 134
Charges against Kildare                                138
Sir Peter Carew and his territorial claims             139
He recovers Idrone from the possessors                 144
James Fitzmaurice's rebellion                          145
The 'Butlers' war'                                     146


CHAPTER XXVI.

1568-1570.

Sidney's plans for Ulster                              149
Fitzmaurice and the Butlers                            150
Parliament of 1569--the Opposition                     152
The Bishops oppose national education                  155
Fitzmaurice, the Butlers, and Carew                    156
Atrocities on both sides                               161
Sinister rumours                                       161
Ormonde pacifies the South-East                        162
Sidney and the Tipperary gentlemen                     163
Sidney's march from Clonmel to Cork and Limerick       164
The Butlers submit                                     166
Humphrey Gilbert in Munster                            167
Fitzmaurice hard pressed                               168
Ulster quiet                                           169


CHAPTER XXVII.

1570 AND 1571.

The Presidency of Connaught--Sir Edward Fitton         170
Services of Ormonde                                    171
Thomond in France--diplomacy                           172
Session of 1570--attainders and pardons                174
First attempt at national education                    176
Commerce--monopolies--Dutch weavers                    177
The Presidency of Munster--Sir John Perrott            179
Fitton fails in Connaught                              182
Tremayne's report on Ireland                           184
Ormonde in Kerry--services of the Butlers              184
Perrott's services in Munster                          186


CHAPTER XXVIII.

FOREIGN INTRIGUES.

Fitzmaurice proposes a religious war                   190
Catholics at Louvain--suspicious foreigners            190
Archbishop Fitzgibbon and David Wolfe                  192
Fitzgibbon's own story                                 193
Philip II. hesitates                                   196
Thomas Stukeley                                        196
English and Irish parties in Spain                     199
Ideas of Philip II.                                    201
Fitzgibbon, Stukeley, and Pius V.                      202
Fitzgibbon negotiates with France and England          205


CHAPTER XXIX.

1571 AND 1572.

Want of money--Perrott and Ormonde                     207
Perrott will end the war by a duel                     209
Proposal to colonise Ulster--Sir Thomas Smith          211
Sir Brian MacPhelin O'Neill                            213
Want of money--the army reduced                        214
Fitton, Clanricarde, and Clanricarde's sons            216
Fitton driven out of Connaught                         219
Perrott's activity in Munster                          221
A mutiny                                               223
The Irish in Spain--Stukeley                           225
Effects of the day of St. Bartholomew                  227
Rory Oge O'More                                        227
Feagh MacHugh O'Byrne                                  228
Fitzwilliam cannot govern without men or money         229


CHAPTER XXX.

1572 AND 1573.

Smith's failure in Ulster                              231
Submission of James Fitzmaurice                        233
Treatment of the Desmonds in England                   234
Walter, Earl of Essex                                  239
Alarm at his colonisation project                      241
Essex proposes to portion out Antrim                   242
Smith is killed                                        246
Perrott's government of Munster                        248
Desmond escapes from Dublin                            252
Wretched state of King's and Queen's Counties          253
Fitzwilliam and Fitton quarrel                         254
Catholic intrigues                                     257
Failure of Essex                                       258
The Marward abduction case                             261


CHAPTER XXXI.

1573 AND 1574.

Threatening attitude of Desmond                        263
Fitzwilliam and Essex                                  268
Essex governor of Ulster                               269
Essex powerless                                        272
Troubles of Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam                    274
Evil condition of Munster                              276
Essex and Desmond                                      278
Ormonde solemnly warns Desmond                         281
Campaign in Munster--Desmond plots                     283
Essex struggles on in Ulster                           284


CHAPTER XXXII.

ADMINISTRATION OF FITZWILLIAM, 1574 AND 1575, AND
REAPPOINTMENT OF SIDNEY.

Essex wrongfully seizes Sir Brian MacPhelin            288
Violent disagreement of Essex and Fitzwilliam          290
The Essex scheme is finally abandoned                  294
Profit _versus_ honour                                 295
Official corruption                                    296
Arrest of Kildare                                      297
The revenue--a pestilence                              300
General result of the grant to Essex                   301
The Rathlin massacre                                   301
Ulster waste--Sidney's advice                          304
Bagenal's settlement at Newry                          306


CHAPTER XXXIII.

ADMINISTRATION OF SIDNEY, 1575-1577.

Sidney and the Butlers                                 307
Ormonde and his accusers                               308
Death and character of Carew                           309
Sidney's tour--Leinster                                310
Munster                                                312
Fitzmaurice in France                                  314
Sidney in Limerick, Clare, and Connaught               316
Sidney on the Irish Church                             319
Troubles in Connaught--Clanricarde's sons              321
Sir William Drury Lord President of Munster            322
Essex in England                                       324
His return, death, and character                       325
Leicester and Essex                                    326
Agitation in the Pale against the cess                 327
The chiefs of the Pale under arrest                    332
A composition agreed upon                              333


CHAPTER XXXIV.

LAST YEARS OF SIDNEY'S ADMINISTRATION, 1577 AND 1578.

Lord Chancellor Gerard's opinions about the Pale       334
Drury's opinions about Munster                         336
Maltby's opinions about Connaught                      338
Rory Oge O'More                                        340
Rory is killed by the Fitzpatricks                     344
Sidney's last days in Ireland                          347
Character of Sir Henry Sidney                          350


CHAPTER XXXV.

THE IRISH CHURCH DURING THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS OF
ELIZABETH'S REIGN.

The Queen aims at outward uniformity                   353
See of Armagh--Adam Loftus                             354
Papal primates--Richard Creagh                         356
See of Meath--Staples                                  359
Other sees of the Northern province                    360
Province of Dublin                                     361
Province of Cashel                                     364
Province of Tuam                                       367
Spiritual peers--Papal and Protestant succession       367
David Wolfe, the Jesuit                                370

INDEX                                                  373




_MAP._


IRELAND ABOUT 1570                 _To face p. 149._




_Errata._


Page 46, line 2, for 1561 _read_ 1562.
"    47, headline, for 1561 _read_ 1562.
"   156, _for_ Archbishop of Ross _read_ Bishop of Ross.
"   173, _for_ Henry III. _read_ Charles IX.
"   283, _for_ Thomas Butler _read_ Theobald Butler.
"   367, _for_ Dermot O'Diera _read_ Cornelius O'Dea.




IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS.




CHAPTER XIX.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF ELIZABETH TO THE YEAR 1561.


[Sidenote: Accession of Elizabeth. Joy of the Protestants.]

The proclamation of Anne Boleyn's daughter can hardly have caused general
satisfaction in Ireland, but it was hailed with joy by Protestant
officials whose prospects had been clouded during the late reign. Old Sir
John Alen was soon in Dublin, whence he wrote to congratulate Cecil on
his restoration to office, and to remind him of his own sufferings under
Queen Mary. Thomas Alen, when reminding the new secretary of his great
losses, rejoiced that God had sent light after darkness, and that he and
his friends were going to have their turn. A sharp eye, he said, should
be kept on Sir Oswald Massingberd, who was suspected of a design to pull
down Kilmainham, lest its beauty and convenience should again attract the
Lord Deputy. Massingberd should be sternly restricted to his revenue of
1,000 marks, and the great seal should be transferred to a lawyer of
English birth. The prior was so far successful that Kilmainham soon
afterwards ceased to be a royal residence. He probably sold the lead, and
the damage being aggravated by a great storm, the commandery was not
thought worth repairing, and the chief governor's abode was transferred
to Dublin Castle. Sir Ralph Bagenal, formerly lieutenant of Leix and
Offaly, had been dismissed for denying the Papal supremacy, and had been
forced to seek refuge in France, where he lived by selling at a great
sacrifice a property worth 500_l._ a year. Queen Elizabeth gave him the
non-residence fines of twelve bishoprics; but there were legal obstacles,
and he begged for something more substantial. Staples, the deprived
Bishop of Meath, pointed out his griefs to Cecil, and thinking, no doubt,
more of the Queen than of his correspondent, complained that Pole had
made it a grievous article against him that he had presumed to pray for
the soul of his old master. Pole probably hated Henry VIII. enough to
wish his soul unprayed for, but the complaint is a very odd one from a
Protestant divine.[1]

[Sidenote: The limitations of the Tyrone Patent are disputed. Shane
O'Neill.]

Sidney, whom most men spoke well of, was confirmed in the office of Lord
Justice, and had soon plenty of work in the North. The old Earl of Tyrone
was sinking fast, and the horrors of a disputed succession were imminent.
Henry VIII. had conferred the Earldom on Con O'Neill for life, with
remainder to Matthew Ferdorogh O'Neill and his heirs male for ever. The
Barony of Dungannon was at the same time conferred upon the remainder
man, with a proviso that it should descend upon the heir to the Earldom.
Matthew's mother was Alison Kelly, and at the time of his birth she was
the wife of a smith at Dundalk. He was reputed to be Kelly's son until he
was sixteen, when his mother presented him to Con as his own child.
'Being a gentleman,' said his eldest son, 'he never refused no child that
any woman named to be his,' and he accepted Matthew with a good grace.
There was a Celtic law or doctrine that a child born in adultery should
belong to its real father, but there is no evidence to show that the rule
was actually binding in Ulster in the sixteenth century. Shane, the
legitimate eldest son, made a plain statement to the contrary, and
illustrated it by an Irish proverbial saying that a calf belongs to the
owner of the cow, and not to the owner of the bull. Matthew became a good
soldier, and Con was willing to have him for a successor. But as Shane
grew up he learned to oppose this arrangement, and, having good abilities
and boundless ambition, he was designated by a great portion of the clan
as successor to the tribal sovereignty. Shane oppressed his father, and
perhaps ultimately induced him to acquiesce in the popular choice; but to
make all safe, he took the precaution of murdering the Baron of
Dungannon, whose prowess he had reason to remember, and whom he had no
wish to meet again in the field. He steadily maintained that his victim
was the smith's son, and no relation; but the Irish annalists lend him no
countenance, for they remark that the deed was 'unbecoming in a kinsman.'
The Baron had left a young son, on whom his title devolved, and the
government were bound by the patent to maintain his ultimate rights to
the Earldom. It is uncertain whether Henry VIII. knew that Matthew
Ferdorogh was born while his mother lived in wedlock with the smith, but
probably he may be acquitted of having encouraged one of the worst Brehon
doctrines.[2]

[Sidenote: Strength of Shane's position.]

Yet Shane's case against the Government was a strong one; for it was not
disputed that his father had known the facts, and he was thus able to
contend that the King had been deceived, and that the limitation in the
patent was void. Besides, it was asked, why was not the Earldom given in
the usual way to Con and his heirs male? Whether Shane knew of the
above-mentioned Brehon regulation or not, it was his interest to affect
ignorance, to represent both his father and King Henry as the victims of
deception, and to take his stand on strict hereditary