



Produced by Jane Robins, Reiner Ruf, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)






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                          Transcriber’s Notes

This e-text is based on ‘Cassell’s Natural History, Vol. I,’ from 1896.
Inconsistent and uncommon spelling and hyphenation have been retained;
punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected.

In the original book, Chapter XI of the order ‘Quadrumana’ (page 185)
had been erroneously named ‘Chapter IX.’ The correct sequence of
chapter numbers has been restored.

In the List of Illustrations, some image titles do not match the
illustrations presented in the text. The following titles have been
changed:

    ‘The Green and RedMonkeys’ --> ‘The Gorilla’ (facing page 111)
    ‘The Sacred Baboon’ --> ‘The Chimpanzee’ (facing page 137)
    ‘A Group of Lemuroids’ --> ‘Anubis Baboon’ (facing page 211)

The list item ‘Hand of the Spider Monkey’ has been added by the
transcriber.

The printed book shows some references to numbered ‘Plates’ (full-page
images). This numbering scheme seems to originate from an earlier
edition. Even though the present edition shows no image numbers, all
original references have been retained.

Special characters have been used to highlight the following font
styles:

    italic:       _underscores_
    larger font:  +plus signs+

Small capitals have been converted to UPPERCASE LETTERS.

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[Illustration: ORANG-UTAN AND CHIMPANZEES IN THE BERLIN AQUARIUM.

(_From an Original Drawing._)]




[Illustration:

    CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LITH. LONDON.

BIRDS.

    1. Gould’s Humming Bird (_Ornismya gouldii_).
    2. Kingfisher. (_Alcedo ispida_).
    3. Arctic Tern (_Sterna hirundo_).
    4. White-bellied Swift (_Cypselus melba_).
    5. Smew (_Mercus albellus_).
    6. Penguin (_Pygoscelis tæniata_).
    7. The Amazon Parrot (_Chrysotis_).
    8. Heron (_Ardea cinerea_).
    9. Eared Owl (_Asio otus_).
    10. White-tailed Eagle (_Haliaëtus albicilla_).
    11. Black-headed Gros-beak (_Coccothraustes erythromelas_).
    12. Impeyan Pheasant (_Lophophorus sclateri_).
    13. Common Rhea (_Rhea americana_).
    14. Crown Pigeon (_Goura scheepmakeri_).
]




                               CASSELL’S

                            NATURAL HISTORY

                               EDITED BY

            P. MARTIN DUNCAN, M.B. (LOND.), F.R.S., F.G.S.

 PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY IN AND HONORARY FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, LONDON;
    CORRESPONDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

                                VOL. I.

                             _ILLUSTRATED_

                     CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED

                      _LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE_

                                 1896

                          ALL RIGHTS RESERVED




[Illustration]




                           APES AND MONKEYS.

     PROFESSOR P. MARTIN DUNCAN, M.B. (LOND.), F.R.S. F.G.S., &c.


                                LEMURS.

              J. MURIE, M.D., LL.D., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.,

                                  AND

                      PROFESSOR P. MARTIN DUNCAN.


                              CHIROPTERA.

                         W. S. DALLAS, F.L.S.


                             INSECTIVORA.

                         W. S. DALLAS, F.L.S.




CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE

    INTRODUCTION                                                    xiii


    CLASS MAMMALIA.

    ORDER I.--QUADRUMANA.--THE APES AND MONKEYS.

    CHAPTER I.

    INTRODUCTION--THE MAN-SHAPED APES--THE GORILLA.

    The World of Monkeys, and its Division into great
    Groups--Distinction between the Old World and New World
    Monkeys--Classification of Monkeys--THE GORILLA, Ancient
    and Modern Stories about it--Investigations of Savage
    and Du Chaillu--General Description--The Head, Brain,
    Teeth, Taste, Smell, and Voice--The Air Sacs, and Ear--The
    Limbs and Muscles--Method of Climbing--Diet--Hunting the
    Gorilla--Attempts to Capture Alive--A Tame Gorilla                 1


    CHAPTER II.

    THE MAN-SHAPED APES (_continued_)--THE NSCHIEGO MBOUVÉ--THE
    KOOLO-KAMBA--THE SOKO--THE CHIMPANZEE.

    THE NSCHIEGO MBOUVÉ--Its Nests and Habits--A Specimen
    Shot--Differences between it and the Gorilla--Structural
    Peculiarities--THE KOOLO-KAMBA--Meaning of the
    Name--Discovered by Du Chaillu--Its Outward Appearance
    and Anatomy--THE SOKO--Discovered by Livingstone--Hunting
    the Soko--THE CHIMPANZEE--In Captivity--On board Ship--A
   