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  [Illustration: CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL
  FROM A DRAWING BY A. BRUNET-DEBAINES]




                                GOTHIC
                             ARCHITECTURE


                                  BY

                           ÉDOUARD CORROYER

           ARCHITECT TO THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AND INSPECTOR
                         OF DIOCESAN EDIFICES

                              EDITED BY

                           WALTER ARMSTRONG

             DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF IRELAND


           _With Two Hundred and Thirty-Six Illustrations_


                               NEW YORK
                          MACMILLAN AND CO.

                                 1893




                           EDITOR'S PREFACE


The following pages, which have been translated under my supervision
by Miss Florence Simmonds, give such an account of the birth and
evolution of Gothic Architecture as may be considered sufficient for
a handbook. Mons. Corroyer writes, indeed, from a thoroughly French
standpoint. He is apt to believe that everything admirable in Gothic
architecture had a Gallic origin. Vexed questions of priority, such as
that attaching to the choir of Lincoln, he dismisses with a phrase,
while the larger question of French influence generally in these
islands of ours, he solves by the simple process of referring every
creation which takes his fancy either to a French master or a French
example, here coming, be it said, into occasional collision with his
own stock authority, the late Mons. Viollet-le-duc. The Chauvinistic
tone thus given to his pages may be regretted, but, when all is
said, it does not greatly affect their value as a picture of Gothic
development. Mons. Corroyer confines himself in the main to broad
principles. He travels along the line of evolution, pointing out how
material conditions and discoveries, and their consequent social
changes, brought about one development after another in the forms
and methods of the architect. In a treatise so conceived, the fact
that the field of observation is practically restricted to France,
the few excursions beyond her frontier being made rather with a view
to displaying the extent of her influence than with any desire for
catholicity of grasp, is of no great moment. The English reader for
whom this translation is intended, will get as clear a notion of how
Gothic, as he knows it, came into being, as he would from a more
universal survey, while he has the advantage of some echo, at least,
of the vivacity, which inspires a Frenchman when his theme is "one of
the Glories of France."

    W. A.




                               CONTENTS


                                                                  PAGE

    INTRODUCTION                                                     1


                                PART I

                        RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE

    CHAP.

     1. THE INFLUENCE OF THE CUPOLA UPON SO-CALLED GOTHIC
          ARCHITECTURE                                               11

     2. THE ORIGIN OF THE INTERSECTING ARCH                          16

     3. THE FIRST VAULTS ON INTERSECTING ARCHES                      24

     4. BUILDINGS VAULTED ON INTERSECTING ARCHES                     32

     5. THE ORIGIN OF THE FLYING BUTTRESS                            41

     6. CHURCHES AND CATHEDRALS OF THE TWELFTH AND FOURTEENTH
          CENTURIES                                                  51

     7. CATHEDRALS OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY                         67

     8. CATHEDRALS AND CHURCHES FROM THE TWELFTH TO THE FOURTEENTH
          CENTURY                                                    85

     9. CHURCHES OF THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES IN
          FRANCE AND IN THE EAST                                    105

    10. TOWERS AND BELFRIES--CHOIRS--CHAPELS                        128

    11. SCULPTURE                                                   153

    12. PAINTING                                                    179


                               PART II

                        MONASTIC ARCHITECTURE

    CHAP.                                                          PAGE

    1. ORIGIN                                                       205

    2. ABBEYS OF CLUNY, CITEAUX, AND CLAIRVAUX                      215

    3. ABBEYS AND _CHARTREUSES_ OR CARTHUSIAN MONASTERIES           227

    4. FORTIFIED ABBEYS                                             247


                               PART III

                        MILITARY ARCHITECTURE

    1. RAMPARTS OF TOWNS                                            269

    