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[Illustration: (Front Cover)]






Glacier NATIONAL PARK [MONTANA]

  _American Section_ WATERTON-GLACIER
  INTERNATIONAL PEACE PARK

United States Department of the Interior

_Harold L. Ickes, Secretary_

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

_Arno B. Cammerer, Director_

[Illustration]

  UNITED STATES
  GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
  WASHINGTON: 1937




RULES AND REGULATIONS

Briefed


The Park Regulations are designed for the protection of the natural
beauties as well as for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The
complete regulations may be seen at the office of the superintendent
and at ranger stations. The following synopsis of the rules and
regulations is for the general guidance of visitors, who are requested
to assist in the administration of the park by observing them.

=_Fires._=--Fires are the greatest menace to the forests of Glacier
National Park. Build camp fires only when necessary and at designated
places. Know that they are out before you leave them. Be sure your
cigarette, cigar, pipe ashes, and matches are out before you throw them
away. During periods of high fire hazard, camp fires are not permitted
at nondesignated camp grounds.

=_Camps._=--Camping is restricted to designated campgrounds. Burn all
combustible garbage in your camp fire; place tin cans and unburnable
residue in garbage cans. There is plenty of pure water; be sure to get
it. Visitors must not contaminate water-sheds or water supplies.

=_Natural features._=--The destruction, injury, or disturbance in any
way of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. Dead and
fallen wood may be used for firewood. Picking wild flowers and removing
plants are prohibited.

=_Bears._=--It is prohibited and dangerous to feed the bears. Do not
leave foodstuffs in an unattended car or camp, for the bear will break
into and damage your car or camp equipment to secure food. Suspend
foodstuffs in a box, well out of their reach, or place in the care of
the camp tender.

=_Dogs and cats._=--When in the park, dogs and cats must be kept under
leash, crated, or under restrictive control of the owner at all times.

=_Fishing._=--No license for fishing in the park is required. Use of
live bait is prohibited. Ten fish (none under 6 inches) per day, per
person fishing is the usual limit; however, in some lakes the limit is
5 fish per day and in others it is 20. Visitors should contact the
nearest district ranger to ascertain the fish limits in the lakes. The
possession of more than 2 days' catch by any person at any one time
shall be construed as a violation of the regulations.

=_Traffic._=--Speed regulations: 15 miles per hour on sharp curves and
through residential districts; 35 miles per hour on the straightaway.
Keep gears enmeshed and out of free wheeling on long grades. Keep
cutout closed. Drive carefully at all times. Secure automobile permit,
fee $1.

=_Rangers._=--The rangers are here to assist and advise you as well as
to enforce the regulations. When in doubt consult a ranger.




FOREST FIRES


Forest Fires are a terrible and ever-present menace. There are
thousands of acres of burned forests in Glacier National Park. Most of
these "ghosts of forests" are hideous proofs of some person's criminal
carelessness or ignorance.

Build camp fires only at designated camp sites. At times of high
winds or exceptionally dry spell, build no fires outside, except in
stoves provided at the free auto camps. At times of extreme hazard,
it is necessary to restrict smoking to hotel and camp areas. Guests
entering the park are so informed, and prohibitory notices are posted
everywhere. Smoking on the highway, on trails, and elsewhere in the
park is forbidden at such times. During the dry period, permits to
build fires at any camp sites other than in auto camps must be procured
in advance from the district ranger.

Be absolutely sure that your camp fire is extinguished before you leave
it, even for a few minutes.

Do not rely upon dirt thrown on it for complete extinction.

_Drown_ it completely with water.

Drop that lighted cigar or cigarette on the trail and step on it.

Do the same with every match that is lighted.

_Extreme caution is demanded at all times._

Anyone responsible for a forest fire will be prosecuted to the full
extent of the law.

_If you discover a forest fire, report it to the nearest ranger
station or hotel._




Events OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE


The heart of a territory so vast it was measured not in miles but
degrees, the site of Glacier National Park was indicated as terra
incognita or unexplored on most maps even as late as the dawn of the
present century. To its mountain fastness had come first the solitary
fur trader, the trapper, and the missionary; after them followed the
hunter, the pioneer, and the explorer; in the nineties were drawn the
prospector, the miner, and the picturesque trader of our last frontier;
today, the region beckons the scientist, the lover of the out-of-doors,
and the searcher for beauty. Throughout its days, beginning with the
Lewis and Clark Expedition, the Glacier country has been a lodestone
for the scientist, attracted from every corner of the earth by
the combination of natural wonder and beauty to be found here.
A chronological list of important events in the park's history
follows:

 --------+-----------------------------------------------------------------
 1804-5  | Lewis and Clark Expedition. Meriwether Lewis reached a
         |   point 40 miles east of the present park. Chief Mountain
         |   was indicated as King Mountain on the expedition map.
         |
 1810    | First definitely known crossing of Marias Pass by white man.
         |
 1846    | Hugh Monroe, known to the Indians as Rising Wolf,
         |   visited and named St. Mary Lake.
         |
 1853    | Cutbank Pass over the Continental Divide was crossed by
         |   A. W. Tinkham, engineer of exploration party with Isaac
         |   I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory. Tinkham
         |   was in search of the present Marias Pass, described to
         |   Governor Stevens by Little Dog, the Blackfeet chieftain.
         |
 1854    | James Doty explored the eastern base of the range and
         |   camped on lower St. Mary Lake from May 28 to June 6.
         |
 1855    | Area now in park east of Continental Divide allotted as
         |   hunting grounds to the Blackfeet by treaty.
         |
 1872    | International boundary survey authorized which fixed the
         |   location of the present north boundary of the park.
         |
 1882-83 | Prof. Raphael Pumpelly made explorations in the region.
         |
 1885    | George Bird Grinnell made the first of many trips to the region.
         |
 1889    | J. F. Stevens explored Marias Pass as location of railroad line.
         |
 1891    | Great Northern Railroad built through Marias Pass.
         |
 1895    | Purchase of territory east of Continental Divide from the
         |   Blackfeet Indians for $1,500,000, to be thrown open to
         |   prospectors and miners.
         |
 1901    | George Bird Grinnell published an article in Century Magazine
         |   which first called attention to the exceptional grandeur
         |   and beauty of the region and need for its conservation.
         |
 1910    | Bill creating Glacier National Park was signed by President
         |   Taft on May 11. Maj. W. R. Logan became first superintendent.
         |
 1932    | Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park dedicated.
         |
 1933    | Going-to-the-Sun Highway opened to travel throughout its
         |   length.
         |
 1934    | Franklin D. Roosevelt first President to visit Glacier National
         |   Park.
 --------+-----------------------------------------------------------------




Contents


                                                          _Page_

  International Peace Park                                 1

  How to Reach Glacier Park                                3
    By Rail                                                3
    By Automobile                                          3
    By Airplane                                            3

  Centers of Interest                                      3
    Glacier Park Station                                   3
    Two Medicine                                           4
    Cutbank                                                6
    Red Eagle                                              6
    St. Mary and Sun Camp                                  6
    Many Glacier Region                                    8
    Belly River Valley, Waterton Lake, and Goathaunt      11
    Flattop Mountain and Granite Park                     13
    Logan Pass                                            14
    Avalanche Camp                                        14
    Lake McDonald                                         15
    Sperry Chalets                                        16
    Belton                                                16

  What to Do and See                                      17
    Fishing                                               17
    Hiking and Mountain Climbing                          18
    Popular trails                                        21
    Swimming                                              22
    Camping out                                           22
    Photography                                           22

  Park Highway System                                     22

  How to Dress                                            23

  Accommodations                                          24

  Saddle-Horse Trips                                      25

  All-Expense Tours by Bus                                26

  Transportation                                          27

  Launches and Rowboats                                   28

  Administration                                          28

  Naturalist Service                                      29

  Automobile Campgrounds                                  29

  Post Offices                                            29

  Miscellaneous                                           29

  The Park's Geologic Story                               30

  Flora and Fauna                                         34

  Ideal Place to See American Indians                     34

  References                                              37

  Government Publications                                 40


[Illustration: _Photo by Hileman._ KINNERLY PEAK FROM KINTLA LAKE]




GLACIER _National Park_

SEASON JUNE 15 TO SEPTEMBER 15


Glacier National Park, in the Rocky Mountains of northwestern Montana,
established by act of Congress May 11, 1910, contains 981,681 acres, or
1,534 square miles, of the finest mountain country in America. Nestled
among the higher peaks are more than 60 glaciers and 200 beautiful
lakes. During the summer months it is possible to visit most of the
glaciers and many of the lakes with relatively little difficulty.
Horseback and foot trails penetrate almost all sections of the park.
Conveniently located trail camps, operated at a reasonable cost, make
it possible for visitors to enjoy the mountain scenery without having
to carry food and camping equipment. Many travelers hike or ride
through the mountains for days at a time, resting each evening at one
of these high mountain camps. The glaciers found in the park are among
the few in the United States which are easily accessible.




INTERNATIONAL PEACE PARK

The Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park was established in 1932
by Presidential proclamation, as authorized by the Congress of the
United States and the Canadian Parliament.

At the dedication exercises in June of that year, the following message
from the President of the United States was read:


    The dedication of the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
    is a further gesture of the good will that has so long blessed
    our relations with our Canadian neighbors, and I am gratified by
    the hope and the faith that it will forever be an appropriate
    symbol of permanent peace and friendship.


In the administration of these areas each component part of the Peace
Park retains its nationality and individuality and functions as it did
before the union.

[Illustration: _Copyright, Hileman._ WATERTON LAKE--THE INTERNATIONAL
PEACE LAKE]




HOW TO REACH GLACIER PARK


BY RAIL

The park entrances are on the main transcontinental line of the Great
Northern Railway. Glacier Park Station, Mont., the eastern entrance, is
1,081 miles west of St. Paul, a ride of 30 hours. Belton, Mont., the
western entrance, is 637 miles east of Seattle, a ride of 20 hours.

For information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to
railroad ticket agents or address A. J. Dickinson, passenger-traffic
manager, Great Northern Railway, St. Paul, Minn.

A regular bus schedule is maintained by the Glacier Park Transport Co.
to accommodate persons arriving by rail.


BY AUTOMOBILE

Glacier National Park may be reached by motorists over a number of
well-marked automobile roads. The park approach roads connect with
several transcontinental highways. From both the east and west sides
automobile roads run north and connect with the road system in Canada,
and motorists may continue over these roads to the Canadian national
parks. Glacier National Park is the western terminus of the Custer
Battlefield Highway.

A fee of $1 is charged for a permit to operate an automobile in Glacier
Park. This permit allows reentry into the park at any time during the
current season. Maximum speed limit in the park is 30 miles per hour.
On mountain climbs and winding roads, utmost care in driving is
demanded. All cautionary signs must be observed.


BY AIRPLANE

Fast de luxe airplane service is available by Northwest Airlines to
Missoula, Mont., and Spokane, Wash., as is transportation via United
Air Lines, from the east and west coasts to Spokane. National Park
Airlines has a service from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Great Falls, Mont.




CENTERS OF INTEREST


GLACIER PARK STATION

Glacier Park on the Great Northern Railway is the eastern entrance to
the park. It is located on the Great Plains, near the base of Glacier's
Rockies. It is on U S 2, which traverses from the east through northern
Montana along the southern boundary of the park to Belton, the western
entrance, and on to the Pacific coast. Glacier Park is also the southern
terminus of the Blackfeet Highway which parallels the eastern boundary
of the park and connects with the Alberta highway system. It is the
southern end of the Inside Trail to Two Medicine, Cutbank, Red Eagle,
and Sun Camp.

The commodious Glacier Park Hotel, several lesser hotels, auto camps,
stores, an auxiliary park office, a Government fish hatchery, a post
office and other structures are located here. The village gives a
fine touch of western life, with Indians, cowboys, and picturesque
characters contributing to its color. An encampment of Blackfeet is
on Midvale Creek; these Indians sing, dance, and tell stories every
evening at the hotel.


TWO MEDICINE

Two Medicine presents a turquoise mountain lake surrounded by majestic
forest-covered peaks separated by deep glaciated valleys. A road leads
into it from the Blackfeet Highway and ends at the chalets near the
foot of Two Medicine Lake. Across the water rises Sinopah Mountain,
while to the north sweep upward the gray-green <DW72>s of Rising Wolf
to terminate in purple-red argillites and snow banks. One of the most
inviting camp sites of the park is immediately below the outlet of the
lake, not far from the chalets. From it, one looks across a smaller
lake, banked with gnarled and twisted limber pines, to the superb
mountain scenery in every direction.

The cirques and broad mountain valleys above timberline are studded
with cobalt blue lakes, and carpeted with multicolored beds of flowers.
Mountain goats and sheep are frequently seen in these higher regions.
Beaver colonies are located at the outlet of Two Medicine Lake and
elsewhere around it, making this one of the best regions in the park
to study these interesting mammals. An abundance of brook and rainbow
trout in Two Medicine waters makes it a favorite spot for fishermen.

[Illustration: _Photo by Hileman._ TRICK FALLS IN TWO MEDICINE CREEK]

A campfire entertainment with a short popular talk is conducted every
evening in the campfire circle of the auto camp by a resident ranger
naturalist. Both chalet and campground guests avail themselves of the
opportunity to meet for pleasure and instruction under the stars.
Trails for hikers and saddle-horse parties radiate to adjacent points
of interest: to Glacier Park via Scenic Point and Mount Henry, to Upper
Two Medicine Lake and Dawson Pass, to Two Medicine Pass and Paradise
Park, and up the Dry Fork to Cutbank Pass and Valley. A daily afternoon
launch trip across Two Medicine Lake brings the visitor to the foot of
Sinopah, from which there is a short, delightful path through dense
evergreen forest to the foot of Twin Falls. Trick Falls, near the
highway bridge across Two Medicine River, 2 miles below the lake, is
more readily accessible and should be visited by everyone entering the
valley. A great portion of its water issues from a cave beneath its
brink. In the early season it appears a very proper waterfall, paneled
by lofty spruce with the purple, snow-crowned Rising Wolf Mountain in
the background. In late season water issues from the cave alone, with
the dry fall over its yawning opening.


CUTBANK

Cutbank is a primitive, densely wooded valley with a singing mountain
stream. Six miles above the Blackfeet Highway are a quiet chalet,
a ranger station, and a small grove for auto campers. A spur lane,
leaving the highway at Cutbank Bridge, 4 miles north of the Browning
Wye, brings the autoist to this terminus. A more popular means of
approach is on horseback, over Cutbank Pass from Two Medicine or over
Triple Divide Pass from Red Eagle. Cutbank is a favorite site for
stream fishermen. At the head of the valley above Triple Divide Pass is
the Triple Divide Peak (8,001 feet) which parts its waters between the
three oceans surrounding North America, i. e., its drainage is through
the Missouri-Mississippi system to the Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic),
through the Saskatchewan system to Hudson Bay (Arctic), and through the
Columbia system to the Pacific.


RED EAGLE

Red Eagle Lake in Red Eagle Valley is reached by trail only from
Cutbank over Triple Divide Pass or from St. Mary Chalets or Sun
Camp via the Many Falls Trail. From the lake rise imposing Split,
Almost-a-Dog, and Red Eagle Mountains. On its sloping forested sides
reposes Red Eagle Camp, which furnishes rest and shelter. It is a
stopping place for travelers on the Inside Trail from Sun Camp or St.
Mary to Glacier Park, and is a favorite spot for fishermen, as large,
gamey, cut