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                                   A
                       SUMMER IN THE WILDERNESS;
                               EMBRACING
                             A CANOE VOYAGE
              UP THE MISSISSIPPI AND AROUND LAKE SUPERIOR.


                                   BY
                            CHARLES LANMAN,
               AUTHOR OF “ESSAYS FOR SUMMER HOURS,” ETC.


                   And I was in the wilderness alone.
                                                                 Bryant.


                               NEW-YORK:
                  D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 200 BROADWAY.
                             PHILADELPHIA:
                   GEO. S. APPLETON, 148 CHESNUT-ST.
                              MDCCCXLVII.


        Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1847,
                       By D. APPLETON & COMPANY,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District of
                               New-York.


                                   TO
                         JAMES F. MELINE, ESQ.,
                                   OF
                           CINCINNATI, OHIO,
                              THIS VOLUME
                                  IS,
                 WITH FEELINGS OF THE HIGHEST RESPECT,
                       AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED,
                             BY HIS FRIEND,
                                                             THE AUTHOR.




                               CONTENTS.


                               CHAPTER I.
                                                                    PAGE
  Saint Louis—a Western Artist—Twilight in a Cathedral,               13

                               CHAPTER II.
  The Lower Mississippi—Entrance to the Upper Mississippi—The Lower
          Rapids—Scenery—Rock Island,                                 20

                               CHAPTER III.
  Starved Rock on the Illinois—Legend of the Illinois Indians,        26

                               CHAPTER IV.
  Nauvoo—Temple of Nauvoo—A Mormon, and his story—Superb Panorama,    30

                                CHAPTER V.
  The Upper Rapids—Scenery—Prairie Du Chien—Battle of Bad Axe—The
          Winnebagoe Indians—Winneshic, Chief of the Winnebagoes—A
          Visit to his Wigwam,                                        34

                               CHAPTER VI.
  The Lead Region—Anecdote of a noted Western Character,              41

                               CHAPTER VII.
  The Alpine Region of the Mississippi—Lake Pepin—Wabashaw, Chief of
          the Sioux—An Old Woman, and her story—Legend of Winona,     45

                              CHAPTER VIII.
  Red-Wing Village—Lake Saint Croix—Little Crow, a Sioux
          Chief—Scenery,                                              51

                               CHAPTER IX.
  Mouth of the Saint Peter’s—Dog Feast—Playing Ball—The Sioux
          Indians—The Soldier Artist—A Naturalist—Carver’s
          Cave—Beautiful Waterfall—Falls of St. Anthony—Legend
          connected with them,                                        56

                                CHAPTER X.
  A Ride on Horseback—Grouse Shooting—A Wilderness Supper—A Race
          with a Pack of Wolves,                                      64

                               CHAPTER XI.
  Crow-Wing—Famous Battle fought here—Legend of the White
          Panther—Hole-in-the-Day, Chief of the Chippeway
          Indians—The Scalpless Indian—Indian Swimmers—Begging
          Dance—Torchlight Fishing,                                   68

                               CHAPTER XII.
  The Indian Trader—The Fur Trade,                                    75

                              CHAPTER XIII.
  Spirit Lake—Legends of the Mysterious Spirit—Story of
          White-Fisher—Story of Elder-Brother—Outside Feather—Legend
          of the Mole,                                                80

                               CHAPTER XIV.
  The Mississippi—Lake Winnepeg—Bear Hunt—Bear Feast—A Dream, and
          its Fulfillment—Manner of Treating the Dead—A Wilderness
          Grave-Yard,                                                 85

                               CHAPTER XV.
  Red Cedar Lake—The Chippeway Indians—Their Country—Their Idea of
          Creation—Their Religion—Their Heaven and Hell—Their Manner
          of Winning the Title of Brave—Their Manner of Life—Their
          Idea of Marriage, and Mode of Courtship—Their Hospitality,  91

                               CHAPTER XVI.
  Elk Lake and Surrounding Region—Legend of the Mammoth Elk—Four
          Wilderness Pictures,                                        98

                              CHAPTER XVII.
  Leech Lake—The Pillagers—The Medicine Dance—The Medicine
          Society—Virgin Dance—Red River Trappers—Legend of the Two
          Women—Legend of Pelican Island—Legend of a Battle between
          the Gods of the White and Red Men—Original Indian
          Corn—Game of this Region,                                  104

                              CHAPTER XVIII.
  Fish of the Mississippi—A Catfish Adventure—Spearing Muskalounge—A
          Trouting Adventure,                                        110

                               CHAPTER XIX.
  Sandy Lake—A queer way of making a Portage,                        117

                               CHAPTER XX.
  The Saint Louis River—The Chippeway Falls—Fon du Lac—Scenery of
          the Lower Saint Louis, and Passage to Lake Superior,       121

                               CHAPTER XXI.
  General Description