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                       SECRETS OF THE BOSPHORUS

              [Illustration: Ambassador Henry Morgenthau.

                            [_Frontispiece_
                                   ]




                            SECRETS OF THE
                               BOSPHORUS

                                  By

                      AMBASSADOR HENRY MORGENTHAU

                       CONSTANTINOPLE, 1913-1916

                        _With 19 Illustrations_

                       [Illustration: colophon]

                       LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO.
                            PATERNOSTER ROW




                                ERRATA

                       [Corrected in this etext]


            Page 16, line 4, read “_without_” for _with_.

            Page 18, line 13, read “_Mexico_” for _Turkey_.

            Page 18, line 35, read “_Humann_” instead of _Enver_.


   PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE ANCHOR PRESS LTD. TIPTREE ESSEX.




                           PUBLISHERS’ NOTE


Ambassador Henry Morgenthau requires no introduction to the British
public, but the American diplomat who may with justice be termed _The
Searchlight of Truth at the Golden Horn_, and whose Reminiscences will
rank now and in years to come as historical documents of the first
importance, modestly obscures in his graphic and fascinating narrative
one fact which requires emphasising:

That by his shrewd grasp of enemy psychology, by his unswerving
impartiality, by his tact and dignity, and unflinching courage, he
frustrated again and again the evil designs and machinations of that
trio of arch-schemers and villains, Wangenheim, Talaat, and Enver,
against the Allies, and thus earned a debt of lasting gratitude from the
British people.




                                PREFACE


By this time the American people have probably become convinced that the
Germans deliberately planned the conquest of the world. Yet they
hesitate to convict on circumstantial evidence, and for this reason all
eye-witnesses to this, the greatest crime in modern history, should
volunteer their testimony.

I have therefore laid aside any scruples I had as to the propriety of
disclosing to my fellow-countrymen the facts which I learned while
representing them in Turkey. I acquired this knowledge as the servant of
the American people, and it is their property as much as it is mine.

I greatly regret that I have been obliged to omit an account of the
splendid activities of the American Missionary and Educational
Institutions in Turkey, but to do justice to this subject would require
a book by itself. I have had to omit the story of the Jews in Turkey for
the same reasons.

My thanks are due to my friend, Mr. Burton J. Hendrick, for the
invaluable assistance he has rendered in the preparation of the book.

                                           HENRY MORGENTHAU.

_October, 1918._




                               CONTENTS


CHAPTER                                                             PAGE

I. A GERMAN SUPERMAN AT CONSTANTINOPLE                                 1

II. THE “BOSS SYSTEM” IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
AND HOW IT PROVED USEFUL TO GERMANY                                   12

III. “THE PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
KAISER”--WANGENHEIM OPPOSES THE SALE OF
AMERICAN WARSHIPS IN GREECE                                           26

IV. GERMANY MOBILISES THE TURKISH ARMY                                39

V. WANGENHEIM SMUGGLES THE “GOEBEN” AND THE
“BRESLAU” THROUGH THE DARDANELLES                                     44

VI. WANGENHEIM TELLS THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR
HOW THE KAISER STARTED THE WAR                                        53

VII. GERMANY’S PLANS FOR NEW TERRITORIES, COALING
STATIONS, AND INDEMNITIES                                             58

VIII. A CLASSIC INSTANCE OF GERMAN PROPAGANDA                         62

IX. GERMANY CLOSES THE DARDANELLES AND SO
SEPARATES RUSSIA FROM HER ALLIES                                      68

X. TURKEY’S ABROGATION OF THE CAPITULATIONS--ENVER
LIVING IN A PALACE, WITH PLENTY OF
MONEY AND AN IMPERIAL BRIDE                                           73

XI. GERMANY COMPELS TURKEY TO ENTER THE WAR                           80

XII. THE TURKS ATTEMPT TO TREAT ALIEN ENEMIES
DECENTLY, BUT THE GERMANS INSIST ON PERSECUTING THEM