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  Established by Edward L. Youmans

              APPLETONS'
           POPULAR SCIENCE
               MONTHLY

              EDITED BY
         WILLIAM JAY YOUMANS

              VOL. LIV
    NOVEMBER, 1898, TO APRIL, 1899

              NEW YORK
       D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
                1899




          COPYRIGHT, 1899,
     BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.




VOL. LIV. ESTABLISHED BY EDWARD L. YOUMANS. NO. 5.

APPLETONS' POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

MARCH, 1899.

_EDITED BY WILLIAM JAY YOUMANS._




CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE

     I. The Evolution of Colonies. VII. Social Evolution. By
          J. COLLIER.                                                577

    II. Politics as a Form of Civil War. By FRANKLIN SMITH.          588

   III. My Pet Scorpion. By NORMAN ROBINSON. (Illustrated.)          605

    IV. The Peoples of the Balkan Peninsula--The Greek, the Slav,
          and the Turk. By Prof. WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY. (Illustrated.)   614

     V. Marvelous Increase in Production of Gold. By ALEXANDER E.
          OUTERBRIDGE, Jr.                                           635

    VI. The California Penal System. By CHARLES HOWARD SHINN.
          (Illus.)                                                   644

   VII. The Scientific Expert and the Bering Sea Controversy. By
          GEORGE A. CLARK.                                           654

  VIII. A School for the Study of Life under the Sea. By ELEANOR
          HODGENS PATTERSON.                                         668

    IX. Science in Education. By Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, F. R. S.      672

     X. Shall we Teach our Daughters the Value of Money? By Mrs.
          GEORGE ELMORE IDE.                                         686

    XI. Sketch of Clemence Royer. By M. JACQUES BOYER.
          (With Portrait.)                                           690

   XII. Editor's Table: Words of a Master.--Fads and Frauds          699

  XIII. Scientific Literature                                        704

   XIV. Fragments of Science                                         712




     NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 72 FIFTH AVENUE.

     SINGLE NUMBER, 50 CENTS. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $5.00.

     COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

     Entered at the Post Office at New York, and admitted for
     transmission through the mails at second-class rates.




[Illustration: CLEMENCE ROYER.]




APPLETONS' POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

MARCH, 1899.




THE EVOLUTION OF COLONIES.

BY JAMES COLLIER.


VII.--SOCIAL EVOLUTION.

Perhaps there is no civilized institution to which, man has
accommodated himself with so ill a grace as monogamy. Hardly a
perversion of it has