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                 Memoirs from the Biological Laboratory
                                 OF THE
                        JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
                                  IV, 4
                        WILLIAM K. BROOKS, EDITOR

                        PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY
                                   OF
                             THE CUBOMEDUSÆ

                                INCLUDING

               DR. F. S. CONANT’S NOTES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY

       A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE BOARD OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES
                     OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
                 FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

                                   BY
                              E. W. BERGER

                                BALTIMORE
                         THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS
                                  1900

                             [Illustration]

                               PRINTED BY
                        The Lord Baltimore Press
                         THE FRIEDENWALD COMPANY
                         BALTIMORE, MD., U.S.A.




This Memoir is a continuation of the work upon the Cubomedusæ which was
begun by the late Dr. FRANKLIN STORY CONANT, and it contains his notes
of physiological experiments, as well as new results which have been
obtained by Dr. E. W. BERGER from the study of material which had been
collected by Dr. CONANT, who had hoped to make it the object of further
study.

In order that this work may be made public as a continuation of Dr.
CONANT’S researches, his sister, GRACE WILBUR CONANT, has, with the
coöperation of other members of his family, made an adequate and generous
provision for its publication.

For this gift, which is at once a contribution to science and a memorial
of an able and promising investigator, lately student and fellow in
this institution, the Johns Hopkins University returns its grateful
acknowledgments.

                                    DANIEL C. GILMAN, _President_.
                                    W. K. BROOKS, _Professor of Zoölogy_.




CONTENTS.


                                                                      PAGE
    INTRODUCTION.

      History                                                            1

      Epitome of Anatomy                                                 2

    PHYSIOLOGICAL.

      CHARYBDEA.

        Light and Darkness                                               5

        Concretions                                                      8

        Sensory Clubs                                                    9

        Velarium and Frenula                                            11

        Pedalia, Interradial Ganglia, Tentacles                         12

        Stomach, Suspensoria, Proboscis, Subumbrella                    13

        Margin, Radial Ganglia, Nerve                                   15

        Stimulation                                                     17

        Activity of Charybdea                                           17

        Temperature                                                     17

        Food and Feeding                                                18

        Occurrence of Charybdea                                         18

      AURELIA AND POLYCLONIA (_Cassiopœa_)                              19

      SUMMARY                                                           22

    DR. CONANT’S NOTES.

      CHARYBDEA.

        Light and Darkness                                              24

        Sensory Clubs                                                   26

        Nerve                                                           29

        Side, Subumbrella                                               30

        Pedalia, Velarium, Ganglia                                      31

        Tentacles                                                       32

        Proboscis, Stomach, Phacelli                                    33

        Temperature                                                     33

        Food and Feeding                                                33

        Occurrence of Charybdea                                         33

        Activity of Charybdea                                           34

      AURELIA AND POLYCLONIA                                            35

      CASSIOPŒA                                                         39

      AURELIA                                                           39

    HISTOLOGICAL.

      Method                                                            40

      Anatomy                                                           41

      Distal Complex Eye--

        General                                                         41

        Cornea                                                          42

        The Lens                                                        42

        The Capsule                                                     44

        The Retina                                                      45

          (a) The Prism Cells                                           46

          (b) The Pyramid Cells                                         48

          (c) The Long Pigment Cells                                    50

          (d) Subretinal Nerve Tissue                                   53

          (e) Discussion of Literature                                  53

          (f) Function of the Retinal Cells, Patten’s Theory, and
              further Literature                                        56

      The Proximal Complex Eye                                          60

      The Simple Eyes                                                   61

      Lithocyst and Concretion                                          63

      The Epithelium