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                                OXFORD

                             AND ITS STORY

[Illustration: OXFORD CASTLE (_Photogravure_)]




                                OXFORD

                             AND ITS STORY

                                  BY

                          CECIL HEADLAM, M.A.

                  AUTHOR OF "NUREMBERG," "CHARTRES,"
                               ETC. ETC.

                            [Illustration]

                     WITH TWENTY-FOUR LITHOGRAPHS
                      AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS BY

                            HERBERT RAILTON

                         THE LITHOGRAPHS BEING
                               TINTED BY

                             FANNY RAILTON

                                 1912

                                LONDON

                        J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD.

                     NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.


                         _First Edition_, 1904

                  _Second and Cheaper Edition_, 1912

                         _All rights reserved_


                              ALMAE MATRI
                     FILIUS INDIGNUS HAUD INGRATUS




PREFACE


The Story of Oxford touches the History of England, social and
political, mental and architectural, at so many points, that it is
impossible to deal with it fully even in so large a volume as the
present.

Even as it is, I have been unavoidably compelled to save space by
omitting much that I had written and practically all my references and
acknowledgments. Yet, where one has gathered so much honey from other
men's flowers not to acknowledge the debt in detail appears discourteous
and ungrateful; and not to give chapter and verse jars also upon the
historical conscience. I can only say that, very gratefully, _J'ai pris
mon bien ou je l'ai trouve_, whether in the forty odd volumes of the
Oxford Historical Society, the twenty volumes of the College Histories,
the accurate and erudite monographs of Dr Rashdall ("Mediaeval
Universities") and Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte ("History of the University of
Oxford to the year 1530") or innumerable other works. Where so much has
been so well done by others in the way of dealing with periods and
sections of my whole subject, my chief business has been to read, mark,
digest, and then to arrange my story. But to do that thoroughly has been
no light task. Whether it be well done or ill-done, the story now told
has the great merit of providing an occasion, excuse was never needed,
for the display of Mr Herbert Railton's art.




CONTENTS


.....PAGE

PREFACE.....vii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.....xi

CHAPTER I

ST FRIDESWIDE AND THE CATHEDRAL.....1

CHAPTER II

THE MOUND, THE CASTLE AND SOME CHURCHES.....22

CHAPTER III

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSITY.....61

CHAPTER IV

THE COMING OF THE FRIARS.....93

CHAPTER V

THE MEDIAEVAL STUDENT.....148

CHAPTER VI

OXFORD AND THE REFORMATION.....240

CHAPTER VII

THE OXFORD MARTYRS.....276

CHAPTER VIII

ELIZABETH, BODLEY AND LAUD.....291

CHAPTER IX

THE ROYALIST CAPITAL.....312

CHAPTER X

JACOBITE OXFORD--AND AFTER.....349

INDEX.....357




LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS


OXFORD CASTLE (_Photogravure_)..... _Frontispiece_

_TINTED LITHOGRAPHS_

MAGDALEN TOWER FROM THE WATER WALKS....._Facing page...4_

CHRIST CHURCH....."...20

CORNMARKET STREET....."...26

ENTRANCE FRONT, PEMBROKE COLLEGE....."...46

ARCHWAY AND TURRET, MERTON COLLEGE....."...62

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE....."...78

GARDEN FRONT, S. JOHN'S COLLEGE....."...90

WADHAM COLLEGE, FROM THE GARDENS....."...104

ORIEL COLLEGE AND MERTON TOWER....."...122

BALLIOL COLLEGE....."...130

S. MARY'S PORCH....."...148

S. ALBAN HALL, MERTON COLLEGE....."...174

QUADRANGLE, BRASENOSE COLLEGE....."...202

BELL TOWER AND CLOISTERS, NEW COLLEGE....."...220

THE FOUNDER'S TOWER, MAGDALEN COLLEGE....."...230

FRONT QUADRANGLE, CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE....."...250

CLOISTERS, CHRIST CHURCH....."...262

GRAMMAR HALL, MAGDALEN COLLEGE....."...