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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 288




NEW YORK, JULY 9, 1881

Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XI, No. 288.

Scientific American established 1845

Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.

Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.


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 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

I.   ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS--Dry Air Refrigerating Machine.
     5 figures. Plan, elevation, and diagrams of a new English
     dry air refrigerator

     Thomas' Improved Steam Wheel. 1 figure

     The American Society of Civil Engineers. Address of President
     Francis, at the Thirteenth Annual Convention, at Montreal. The
     Water Power of the United States, and its Utilization

II.  TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY.--Alcohol in Nature. Its presence
     in earth, atmosphere, and water. 6 figures. Distillatory apparatus
     and (magnified) iodoform crystals from snow water, from
     rain water, from vegetable mould, etc.

     Detection of Alcohol in Transparent Soaps. By H. JAY

     On the Calorific Power of Fuel, and on Thompson's Calorimeter.
     By J.W. THOMAS

     Explosion as an Unknown Fire Hazard. A suggestive review of
     the conditions of explosions, with curious examples

     Carbon. Symbol C. Combining weight. 12. By T. A. POOLEY
     Second article on elementary chemistry written for brewers

     Manufacture of Soaps and their Production. By W. J. MENZIES

     The Preparation of Perfume Pomades. 1 figure. "Ensoufflage"
     apparatus for perfumes

     Organic Matter in Sea Water

     Bacteria Life. Influence of heat and various gases and chemical
     compounds on bacteria life

     On the Composition of Elephant's Milk. By Dr. CHAS. A. DOREMUS.
     Comparison of elephant's milk with that of ten other mammals

     The Chemical Composition of Rice. Maize, and Barley. By J. STEINER

     Petroleum Oils. Character and properties of the various distillates
     of crude petroleum. Fire risks attending the use of the
     lighter petroleum oils

     Composition of the Petroleum of the Caucasus. By P. SCHULZENBERGER
     and N. TONINE

     Notes on Cananga Oil. or Ilang-Ilang Oil. By F. A. FLUeCKIGER.
     1 figure. Flower and leaf of Cananga odorata

     Chian Turpentine, and the Tree which Produces It. By Dr.
     STIEPOWICH. of Chios, Turkey

     On the Change of Volume which Accompanies the Galvanic Deposition
     of a Metal. By M. E. BOUTY

     Analysis of the Rice Soils of Burmah. By R. ROMANIC, Chemical
     Examiner, British Burmah

III. PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL APPARATUS.--Seyfferth's Pyrometer.
     7 figures.--Pyrometer with electric indicator.--Method of
     mounting by means of a cone on vacuum apparatus.--Mounting by
     means of a sleeve.--Mounting by means of a thread on a tube.--
     Mounting by means of a clasp in reservoirs.--The pyrometer
     mounted on a bone-black furnace.--Mounted on a brick furnace

     Delicate Scientific Instruments. By EDGAR L. LARKIN. An
     interesting description of the more powerful and delicate
     instruments of research used by modern scientists and their
     marvelous results

     The Future Development of Electrical Appliances. Lecture by
     Prof. J. W. PERRY before the London Society of Arts.--Methods
     and units of electrical measurements

     Researches on the Radiant Matter of Crookes and the Mechanical
     Theory of Electricity. By Dr. W. F. GINTL

     Economy of the Electric Light. W. H. PREECE'S Experiments
     Investigations

     On the Space Protected by a Lightning Conductor. By WM. H.
     PREECE.--5 figures

     Photo-Electricity of Fluor Spar Crystals

     The Aurora Borealis and Telegraph Cables

     The Photographic Image: What It Is. By T. H. MORTON.
     1 figure.--Section of sensitive plate after exposure and during
     development

     Gelatine Transparencies for the Lantern

     An Integrating Machine. By C. V. BOYS.--1 figure

     Upon a Modification of Wheatstone's Microphone and its
     Applicability to Radiophonic Researches.
     By ALEX. GRAHAM BELL,--2 figures

IV.  ARCHITECTURE.--Suggestions in Architecture, 1 figure.--A
     pair of English