



Produced by Ron Swanson





_Rulers of India_


EDITED BY

SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER, K.C.S.I.: C.I.E.: M.A. (OXFORD): LL.D.
(CAMBRIDGE)


THE EARL OF MAYO




London

HENRY FROWDE

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE

AMEN CORNER, E.C.


[_All rights reserved_]




[Illustration: MAP OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE]


[Frontispiece: Mayo. _Collotype. Oxford University Press._]




RULERS OF INDIA

THE EARL OF MAYO

BY SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER, K.C.S.I.: C.I.E.: M.A.: LL.D.




Oxford

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS: 1891




Oxford

PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY




CONTENTS


CHAP.                                                    PAGES

   I. INTRODUCTION..................    7-16

  II. THE MAN ....................   17-79

 III. THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF VICEREGAL GOVERNMENT...   80-97

  IV. LORD MAYO'S DEALINGS WITH THE FEUDATORY STATES.   98-118

   V. LORD MAYO'S FOREIGN POLICY...........  119-135

  VI. LORD MAYO'S FINANCIAL REFORMS .........  136-157

 VII. LORD MAYO'S MILITARY POLICY ..........  158-170

VIII. LORD MAYO'S INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION ......  171-186

  IX. THE END ....................  187-201

      INDEX .....................  203-206




_NOTE_

The orthography of proper names follows the system adopted by the
Indian Government for the _Imperial Gazetteer of India_. That system,
while adhering to the popular spelling of very well-known places,
such as Punjab, Lucknow, &c., employs in all other cases the vowels
with the following uniform sounds:--

_a_, as in wom_a_n: _a_, as in f_a_ther: _i_, as in pol_i_ce: _i_, as
in intr_i_gue: _o_, as in c_o_ld: _u_, as in b_u_ll: _u_, as in
s_u_re: _e_, as in gr_e_y.




THE EARL OF MAYO




{7}

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION


The _Life of Dalhousie_ dealt with the last accessions made to the
British dominions in India under the East India Company. The present
volume exhibits a memorable stage in the process by which those
dominions, old and new, were welded together into the India of the
Queen.

Between the two periods a time of trial had intervened. Northern
India, drained of its European regiments in spite of the protests of
Dalhousie, seemed during the agony of 1857 to lie at the mercy of the
revolted native troops. The Mutiny left behind it many political
lessons, and two historical facts. These facts were that the Sepoys
in whom the East India Company gloried as its chief strength had
proved its chief danger, and that the ruling princes of India, whom
the Company always regarded as a main source of danger, had proved a
source of strength.

I say the ruling princes of India. For besides the reigning families
there were certain ex-ruling Houses {8} who furnished leaders and
rallying-names to the revolt. The Muhammadan lapsed dynasties were
represented in the Mutiny by the titular majesty of the King of Delhi
and his sons. The great Hindu power, the Marathas, who seemed
destined in the last century to build up an indigenous Indian empire
out of the wreck of the Muhammadan dynasties, stood forward against
us in the persons of Nana Sahib the adopted son of the deposed
Peshwa, and his military follower Tantia Topi. The lesser ex-ruling
Houses, whose states had come under the British Government on failure
of direct male heirs, supplied an equally vindictive and a more
heroic leader in the Rani or pensioned princess of Jhansi.