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The Slaveholding Indians

  (1) As Slaveholder and Secessionist
  (2) As Participants in the Civil War
  (3) Under Reconstruction

Vol. I




[Illustration: INDIAN TERRITORY, 1861 [_From General Land Office_]]




  The American Indian as
  Slaveholder and Secessionist

  AN OMITTED CHAPTER IN
  THE DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF THE
  SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY


  BY ANNIE HELOISE ABEL, PH.D.


  THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY
  CLEVELAND: 1915




  COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY
  ANNIE HELOISE ABEL




TO MY FATHER AND MOTHER




CONTENTS


      PREFACE                                                         13

    I GENERAL SITUATION IN THE INDIAN COUNTRY, 1830-1860              17

   II INDIAN TERRITORY IN ITS RELATIONS WITH TEXAS AND ARKANSAS       63

  III THE CONFEDERACY IN NEGOTIATION WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES          127

   IV THE INDIAN NATIONS IN ALLIANCE WITH THE CONFEDERACY            207

      APPENDIX A--FORT SMITH PAPERS                                  285

      APPENDIX B--THE LEEPER OR WICHITA AGENCY PAPERS                329

      SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY                                          359

      INDEX                                                          369




ILLUSTRATIONS


  INDIAN TERRITORY, 1861                                  _Frontispiece_

  MAP SHOWING FREE <DW64> SETTLEMENTS IN THE