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Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
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Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). A carat character
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superscripted (example: A^4). The degree sign is rendered ^o. [)e]
indicates "e breve" (short e), and so forth.

On pp. 237-257 the extinct genera and species referred to as being in
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Project Gutenberg has the other volume of this work.
Volume I: see http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43991


       *       *       *       *       *




PLATE XXVI.

[Illustration: ST. JOHN'S MACAQUE]


_LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY._

EDITED BY R. BOWDLER SHARPE, LL.D., F.L.S., &c.

A HAND-BOOK
TO THE
PRIMATES.

BY
HENRY O. FORBES, LL.D., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., ETC.,
DIRECTOR OF MUSEUMS TO THE CORPORATION OF LIVERPOOL,
_Author of "A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago,"
etc., etc., etc._

_VOL. II._

LONDON:
EDWARD LLOYD, LIMITED,
12, SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET.
1897.




PREFACE.


The prefatory remarks in the preceding volume explain the purport of the
"Hand-book" of the Primates, which has been undertaken by Dr. Forbes. I
hope that the portion of the work devoted to the geographical distribution
of these animals will be found to be of some interest; but, as explained by
the author, the meagreness of the material in Museums renders the
definition of the exact habitats of Monkeys extremely difficult.

R. BOWDLER SHARPE.




INTRODUCTION.


I have little to add to the remarks given in the first volume of this
"Hand-book." I may refer, however, to the interest which attaches to the
study of the extinct forms of life, in relation to those which exist at the
present day. Although I have endeavoured, to the best of my ability, to
present to the student as complete a review of the species of Monkeys known
to us at the present time, I am well aware that there is an enormous amount
of work to be done before our knowledge of the Primates can be said to be
complete. There is a natural repugnance to collecting specimens of Monkeys
on the part of sportsmen. To shoot one feels like killing a sort of
relation, and even our best collectors, who thoroughly understood the
necessity of obtaining specimens in the interests of science, speak with a
feeling of pain of the human-like distress which a wounded Monkey exhibits;
and it is, therefore, difficult to induce travellers to shoot animals which
offer so much of a "counterfeit presentment" to human beings.

The loose way in which the older naturalists expressed themselves in regard
to geographical distribution, has also rendered a correct appreciation of
the ranges of some of the Primates exceedingly difficult.   Thus "Brazil"
may mean any portion of the South American continent from the Argentine
Republic to the Amazons, and "Mexique" has done duty in many Museums for
any locality between Mexico and Panama. Much, therefore, remains to be done
to define the exact areas which the different species of Primates inhabit.

HENRY O. FORBES.




SYSTEMATIC INDEX.


                                                    PAGE
  ORDER PRIMATES (_continued_),                        1

  SUB ORDER II.--ANTHROPOIDEA (_continued_),           1

  FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDAE (_continued_),                1

  SUB-FAMILY CERCOPITHECINAE (_continued_),            1

  IV. MACACUS, Lacep.,                            1, 213
     1. inuus (L.),                               4, 213
     2. arctoides, Is. Geoffr.,                        8
     3. rufescens, Anders.,                           11
     4. maurus, F. Cuv.,                              11
     5. fuscatus, Blyth,                              13
     6. leoninus, Blyth,                              14
     7. nemestrinus (L.),                             16
     8. silenus (L.),                                 18
     9. assamensis, McClell.,                         20
    10. rhesus (Audeb.),                              22
    11. lasiotis, Gray,                               25
    12. tcheliensis, Milne-Edw.,                      26
    13. sancti-johannis (Swinh.),                     28
    14. cyclops, Swinh.,                              28
    15. cynomologus (L.),                             31
    16. pileatus (Shaw),                              33
    17. sinicus (L.),                                 35

  V. CERCOCEBUS, Geoffr.,                             36
     1. fuliginosus, Geoffr.,                         37
     2. collaris, Gray,                               38
     3. aethiops (L.),                                39
     4. albigena, Gray,                               40
     5. aterrimus, Oudem.,                            40
     6. galeritus, Peters,                            41

  VI. CERCOPITHECUS, Erxl.                            41

  Group I.--Cercopitheci rhinosticti                  44
     1. petaurista (Schreb.)                          44
     2. signatus, Jentink                             45
     3. erythrogaster, Gray                           46
     4. buettikoferi, Jentink                         47
     5. martini, Waterh.                              47
     6. ludio, Gray                                   48
     7. melanogenys, Gray                             49
     8. stampflii, Jentink                            50
     9. schmidti, Matschie                            50
    10. nictitans (L.)                                51
    11. erythrotis, Waterh.                           52
    12. cephus (L.)                                   53

  Group II.--Cercopitheci chloronoti                  54
    13. cynosurus (Scop.)                             55
    14. sabaeus (L.)                                  56
    15. werneri, Geoffr.                              58
    16. callitrichus, Is. Geoffr.                     58
    17. pygerythrus, F. Cuv.                          60
    18. tantalus, Ogilby                              62

  Group III.--Cercopitheci erythronoti                63
    19. patas (Schreb.)                               63
    20. pyrrhonotus, H. and E.                        64
    21. rufo-viridis, Geoffr.                         65

  Group IV.--Cercopitheci melanochiri                 66
    22. mona (Schreb.)                                66
    23. albigularis (Sykes)                           67
    24. boutourlinii, Gigl.                           69
    25. campbelli, Waterh.                            70
    26. samango, Sundev.                              71
    27. labiatus, Geoffr.                             72
    28. opisthostictus, Scl.                          72
    29. stairsi, Scl.                                 73
    30. moloneyi, Scl.                                74
    31. neglectus, Schl.                              75
    32. leucampyx (Fischer)                           75

  Group V.--Cercopitheci auriculati                   76
    33. grayi, Fraser                                 77
    34. pogonias, Bennett                             78
    35. nigripes, Du Chaillu                          78
    36. wolfi, Meyer                                  79

  Group VI.--Cercopitheci barbati                     79
    37. diana (L.)                                    79
    38. palatinus, Wagn.                              81
    39. brazzae, Milne-Edw.                           81

  Group VII.--Cercopitheci trituberculati             82
    40. talapoin, Erxl.                               82

  SUB-FAMILY SEMNOPITHECINAE                          83

  I. COLOBUS, Illig.                             85, 214
     1. verus, Van Bened.                             87
     2. rufomitratus, Peters                          88
     3. kirki, Gray                                   89
     4. ferrugineus (Shaw)                            91
     5. satanas, Waterh.                              93
     6. ursinus, Ogilby                               93
     7. vellerosus (Is. Geoffr.)                      94
     8. angolensis, Scl.                              96
     9. guereza, Ruepp.                               97
    10. caudatus, Thomas                              98

  II. SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv.                    100, 214
     1. barbii (Blyth)                               102
     2. pileatus, Blyth                              103
     3. entellus (Dufr.)                             104
     4. schistaceus, Hodgs.                          107
     5. priamus (Blyth)                              108
     6. hypoleucus, Blyth                            110
     7. johni (Fischer)                              111
     8. cephalopterus (Zimm.)                        112
     9. sabanus, Thomas                              116
    10. hosii, Thomas                                117
    11. thomasi, Collett                             119
    12. everetti, Thomas                             120
    13. cruciger, Thomas                             121
    14. ursinus (Blyth)                              122
    15. obscurus, Reid                               123
    16. holotephreus, Anders.                        124
    17. germaini, Milne-Edw.                         124
    18. maurus (Schreb.)                             125
    19. femoralis, Horsf.                            126
    20. rubicundus, S. Muell.                        128
    21. natunae, Thomas and Hartert                  129
    22. phayrii (Blyth)                              131
    23. rutledgii, Anderson                          133
    24. frontatus, S. Muell.                         133
    25. nemaeus (L.)                                 134
    26. nigripes, Milne-Edw.                         135
    27. melanolophus (Raffl.)                        136
    28. mitratus (Esch.)                             137
    29. roxellanae, Milne-Edw.                       139

  III. NASALIS, Geoffr.                              140
     1. larvatus (Wurmb.)                            140

  FAMILY SIMIIDAE                                    143

  I. HYLOBATES Illig.                           148, 216
     1. agilis, F. Cuv.                              151
     2. leuciscus (Schreb.)                          154
      [alpha]. leuciscus (Schreb.)                   154
      [beta]. concolor, Schl.                        155
     3. leucogenys, Ogilby                           158
     4. lar (L.)                                     159
     5. hoolock, Haslan.                             161
     6. hainanus, Thomas                             164
     7. syndactylus (Desm.)                          166

  II. SIMIA, L.                                 170, 217
     1. satyrus, L.                             170, 217

  III. GORILLA, Is. Geoffr.                          180
     1. gorilla (Wyman)                              180

  IV. ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainv.                 187, 217
     1. troglodytes (L.)                             194
     2. calvus (Du Chaillu)                          199

  FAMILY HOMINIDAE                              203, 218

  I. <DW25>, L.                                        203
     1. sapiens, L.                                  203
      [alpha]. Ethiopian Race                        207
      [beta]. Mongolian Race                         207
      [gamma]. Caucasian Race                        208

  EXTINCT ANTHROPOIDEA                               209

  FAMILY HAPALIDAE                                   210

  I. HAPALE, Illig.                                  210
     1. grandis, Lund                                210

  FAMILY CEBIDAE                                     210

    SUB-FAMILY NYCTIPITHECINAE:

  I. PROTOPITHECUS, Lund                             210
     1. brasiliensis, Lund                           210

  II. CALLITHRIX, Geoffr.                            210
     1. chlorocnomys, Lund                           210
     2. primaeva, Lund                               210

    SUB-FAMILY MYCETINAE:

  III. ALOUATTA, Lacep.                              210
     1. ursina (Humb.)                               210

    SUB-FAMILY CEBINAE:

  IV. CEBUS, Erxl.                                   210
     1. macrognathus, Lund                           210
     2. fatuellus (L.)                               210
     3. cirrifer, Geoff.                             210

  V. HOMUNCULUS, Amegh.                              211
     1. patagonicus, Amegh.                          211

  VI. ANTHROPOPS, Amegh.                             211
     1. perfectus, Amegh.                            211

  FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDAE.

    SUB-FAMILY CERCOPITHECINAE:

  I. PAPIO, Erxl.                                    212
     1. sub-himalayamus (Meyer)                      212
     2. falconeri (Lydekker)                         212
     3. atlanticus, Thomas                           212

  II. OREOPITHECUS, Gerv.                            212
     1. bambolii, Gerv.                              212

  III. MACACUS, Lacep.                            1, 213
     1. sivalensis, Lydekker                         213
     2. priscus                                      213
     3. inuus, Gervais                            4, 213
     4. florentinus, Cocchi                          213
     5. suevicus, Heding.                            213
     6. trarensis, Pomel                             213

  IV. DOLICHOPITHECUS, Deperet                       214
     1. ruscinensis, Deperet                         214

  V. MESOPITHECUS, Wagn.                             214
     1. pentelici, Wagn.                             214

    SUB-FAMILY SEMNOPITHECINAE:

  I. COLOBUS, Illig.                             85, 214
     1. grandaevus, Fraas.                           214

  II. SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv.                    100, 215
     1. monspessulanus, Gerv.                        215
     2. palaeindicus, Lydekker                       215

  FAMILY SIMIIDAE                                    215

  I. PLIOPITHECUS, Gerv.                             215
     1. antiquus, Gerv.                              215
     2. chantrei, Gerv.                              216

  II. HYLOBATES, Illig.                         148, 216
     1. leuciscus (Schieb.)                          216

  III. DRYOPITHECUS, Lartet.                         216
     1. fontani, Lartet.                             217

  IV. SIMIA, L.                                 170, 217
     1. satyrus, L.                             170, 217

  V. ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainv.                  188, 217
     1. sivalensis (Lydekker)                        217

  FAMILY HOMINIDAE                                   218

  I. <DW25>, L.                                        218




LIST OF PLATES.


     XXVI.--St. John's Macaque            _Macacus sancti-johannis._
    XXVII.--White-crowned Mangabey        _Cercocebus aethiops._
   XXVIII.--Green Guenon                  _Cercopithecus callitrichus._
     XXIX.--Boutourlini's Guenon          _Cercopithecus boutourlinii._
      XXX.--Erxleben's Guenon             _Cercopithecus grayi._
     XXXI