WAR, ITS CAUSES AND ITS CONDUCT, VOLUME I (OF 2)***


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THE HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATE WAR

ITS CAUSES AND ITS CONDUCT

A Narrative and Critical History

by

GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON

VOLUME I







New York
Sturgis & Walton Company
1910

All rights reserved

Copyright, 1910
By Sturgis & Walton Company

Set up and electrotyped. Published March, 1910




CONTENTS


    CHAPTER                                                         PAGE

         PART I.--THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

           Introduction                                                3

        I. A Public, Not a Civil War                                  13

       II. The Growth of the National Idea                            19

      III. The "Irrepressible Conflict"                               37

       IV. The Annexation of Texas                                    58

        V. The Compromise of 1850                                     71

       VI. Uncle Tom's Cabin                                         107

      VII. The Repeal of the Missouri Compromise, The
              Kansas-Nebraska Bill and Squatter Sovereignty          112

     VIII. The Kansas War--The Dred Scott Decision--John Brown's
             Exploit at Harper's Ferry                               122

       IX. The Election of 1860                                      138

        X. The Birth of War                                          147


         PART II.--THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR

       XI. The Reduction of Fort Sumter                              177

      XII. The Attitude of the Border States                         194

     XIII. "Pepper Box" Strategy                                     203

      XIV. Manassas                                                  215

       XV. The Paralysis of Victory                                  233

      XVI. The European Menace                                       249

     XVII. Border Operations                                         256

    XVIII. The Blockade--The Conquest of the Coast and the Neglect
             to Follow up the Advantage thus Gained                  261

      XIX. The Era of Incapacity                                     268

       XX. The First Appearance of Grant                             273

      XXI. The Situation Before Shiloh                               282

     XXII. Between Manassas and Shiloh--The Situation in Virginia    293

    XXIII. Shiloh                                                    302

     XXIV. New Madrid and Island Number 10                           328

      XXV. Farragut at New Orleans                                   332

     XXVI. McClellan's Peninsular Advance                            352

    XXVII. Jackson's Valley Campaign                                 363

   XXVIII. The Seven Days' Battles                                   397

     XXIX. The Second Manassas Campaign                              414

      XXX. Lee's First Invasion of Maryland                          423




PART I

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR




INTRODUCTION

THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CONFEDERATE WAR


During the years from 1861 to 1865, one of the greatest wars in all
history was fought in this country.

There were in all three million three hundred and seventy-eight
thousand men engaged in the fighting of it.

There are not that many men in all the regular standing armies of
Europe combined, even if we include the unpaid hordes of Turkey and the
military myriads of the armed camp known to geography as Russia.

The actual fighting field of this war of ours was larger than the whole
of western Europe, and all of it was trampled over and fought over by
great armies.

The men killed or mortally wounded in our war numbered on the Northern
side alone 110,000. The total number of deaths resulting from military
operations on the Northern side alone was 350,000. The figures for the
Southern side are not accessible, owing to the loss of records. But
as the fighting was equally determined on both sides, and as other
conditions were substantially equal, it is certain that the losses of
life were relatively about the same on both sides. It is well within
the facts, therefore, to say that this war of ours directly caused the
death of more than half a million men. No other war in modern history
has cost so many lives or half so many.

We hear much of our recent war with Spain. Let us take it as a basis
of comparison. The total number of men even nominally called into the
field in