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                          Transcriber’s Note:

This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

The text is annotated with numerous footnotes, which were numbered
sequentially on each page. On occasion, a footnote itself is annotated
by a note, using an asterisk as the reference. This distinction is
followed here. Those ‘notes on notes’ are given alphabetic sequence (A,
B., etc.), and are positioned directly following the main note.

Since there are over 1500 notes in this volume, they have been gathered
at each chapter’s end, and resequenced for each chapter, using a dot
notation for chapter and page (e.g. 10.4.2).

The notes are a combination of those of the author, and of the editor of
this edition. The latter are enclosed in square brackets.

Finally, the pagination of the original edition, published in the
1820’s, was preserved by Crooke for ease of reference by including those
page numbers in the text, also enclosed in square brackets.

Crooke’s plan for the renovation of the Tod’s original text, including a
discussion of the transliteration of Hindi words, is given in detail in
the Preface. It should be noted that the use of the macron to guide
pronunciation is very unevenly followed, and there was no intent here to
regularize it.

There are a number of references to a map, sometimes referred to as
appearing in Volume I. In this edition, the map appears at the end of
Volume III.

Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Given
the history of the text, it was thought best to leave all orthography as
printed.

Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details
regarding the handling of any textual issues encountered during its
preparation.

                         ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
                              OF RAJASTHAN

[Illustration:

  COLONEL JAMES TOD.
  (By permission of Lt.-Col. C. D. Blunt-Mackenzie, R.A.)
  _Frontispiece._
]

                         ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES
                                   OF
                               RAJASTHAN

                       OR THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN
                         RAJPUT STATES OF INDIA

                                   BY

                         LIEUT.-COL. JAMES TOD

           LATE POLITICAL AGENT TO THE WESTERN RAJPUT STATES

                EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY

                         WILLIAM CROOKE, C.I.E.

                    HON. D.SC. OXON., B.A., F.R.A.I.

                    LATE OF THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE




                            IN THREE VOLUMES

                                VOL. II








                            HUMPHREY MILFORD
                        OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

                LONDON   EDINBURGH   GLASGOW   NEW YORK
                      TORONTO   MELBOURNE   BOMBAY
                                  1920




                                CONTENTS

                                                                 PAGE

                          BOOK IV—_continued_

                            ANNALS OF MEWAR


                              CHAPTER 19

  Influence of the hierarchy in Rajputana—Emulation of its
    princes in grants to the priesthood—Analogy between the
    customs of the Hindus, in this respect, and those of the
    ancient people—Superstition of the lower orders—Secret
    influence of the Brahmans on the higher classes—Their
    frauds—Ecclesiastical dues from the land, etc.—The Saivas
    of Rajasthan—The worship and shrine of Eklinga—The
    Jains—Their numbers and extensive power—The temple of
    Nathdwara, and worship of Kanhaiya—The privilege of
    Sanctuary—Predominance of the doctrines of Kanhaiya
    beneficial to Rajput society                                  589


                              CHAPTER 20

  The origin of Kanhaiya or Krishna—Sources of a plurality of
    gods among the Hindus—Allegories respecting Krishna
    elucidated—Songs of Jayadeva celebrating the loves of
    Kanhaiya—The Rasmandal, a mystic dance—Govardhana—Krishna
    anciently worshipped in caves—His conquest of the ‘Black
    serpent’ allegorical of the contests between the Buddhists
    and Vaishnavas—Analogies between the legends of Krishna
    and Western mythology—Festivals of Krishna—Pilgrimage to
    Nathdwara—The seven gods of that temple—Its Pontiff           621


  APPENDIX                                                        644


                              CHAPTER 21

  Importance of mythological history—Aboriginal tribes of
    India—The Rajputs are conquerors—Solar year of the
    Hindus—Opened at the winter solstice—The Vasant, or spring
    festival—Birth of the Sun—Common origin assumed of the
    Rajputs and Getic tribe of Scandinavia—Surya, the sun-god
    of all nations, Thor, Syrus, Sol—Sun-worship—The Aheria,
    or spring-hunt, described—Boar-feast—Phalgun festival—The
    Rajput Saturnalia—Games on horseback—Rites to the
    Manes—Festival of Sitala as guardian of children—Rana’s
    birthday—Phuladola, the Rajput Floralia—Festival of
    Gauri—Compared with the Diana of Egypt—The Isis or Ertha
    of the Suevi—And the Phrygian Cybele—Anniversary of
    Rama—Fête of Kamdeva or Cupid—Little Ganggor—Inundation of
    the capital—Festival of Rambha or Venus—Rajput and Druidic
    rites—Their analogy—Serpent worship—R