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            _STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW._

                               EDITED BY
              THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
                         OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.

            Volume II.]                           [Number 1.

                             THE ECONOMICS
                                OF THE
                           RUSSIAN VILLAGE.

                                  BY
                       ISAAC A. HOURWICH, PH.D.,
       _Seligman Fellow in Political Science, Columbia College._

                               NEW YORK.
                                 1892.




TABLE OF CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE

  INTRODUCTION. THE RISE OF “PEASANTISM.”                              7

  CHAPTER I. GENERAL SKETCH OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDHOLDING IN
  RUSSIA                                                              19

  The Russian village community of historical times--Survivals of
  communal co-operation--The communistic peasant household--Origins
  of private property in land--Patrimony and fee--Slavery resulting
  from the obligation of loan--Tenure in fee an institute of public
  law--Limitation of the peasant’s right of migration--The fee
  becomes hereditary--Statute of Peter the Great on inheritance in
  the estates held by the nobility; abolition of the distinction
  between patrimony and fee--The poll tax--Slaves and serfs put
  upon a common footing--Emancipation of the nobility from their
  duty toward the state--The serfs agitated by a feeling in favor
  of emancipation--“Land and Liberty”--The question discussed in
  the Legislative Assembly convoked by Catherine II.--Insurrection
  under the head of Emilian Pougatchoff--Further developments of
  the abolitionist problem--Peasant riots about the time of the
  Crimean War--Economic necessity of abolition of serfdom--Evolution
  of private property achieved by the