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  CARICATURE AND SATIRE
  ON
  NAPOLEON I.

  VOL. I.




WORKS BY JOHN ASHTON.


  A HISTORY OF THE CHAP-BOOKS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. With
    nearly 400 Illustrations, engraved in facsimile of the
    originals. Crown 8vo. cloth extra, 7_s._ 6_d._

  SOCIAL LIFE IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE. From Original Sources.
    With nearly 100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. cloth extra, 7_s._
    6_d._

  HUMOUR, WIT, AND SATIRE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. With nearly
    100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. cloth extra, 7_s._ 6_d._


London: CHATTO & WINDUS, Piccadilly.

[Illustration: THE EXILE.

A SKETCH FROM LIFE AT LONGWOOD. APRIL 1820.]




  ENGLISH
  CARICATURE AND SATIRE
  ON
  NAPOLEON I.

  BY
  JOHN ASHTON
  AUTHOR OF ‘SOCIAL LIFE IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE’ ETC.

  [Illustration]

  WITH 115 ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR

  IN TWO VOLUMES--VOL. I.

  London
  CHATTO & WINDUS, PICCADILLY
  1884

  _All rights reserved_




  LONDON: PRINTED BY
  SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
  AND PARLIAMENT STREET




PREFACE.


This book is not intended to be a History of Napoleon the First, but
simply to reproduce the bulk of the Caricatures and Satires published
in England on our great enemy, with as much of history as may help to
elucidate them.

The majority of the caricatures are humorous; others are silly, or
spiteful--as will occasionally happen nowadays; and some are too coarse
for reproduction--so that a careful selection has had to be made.
Gillray and Rowlandson generally signed their names to the work of
their hands; but, wherever a caricature occurs unsigned by the artist,
I have attributed it, on the authority of the late Edward Hawkins,
Esq., some time Keeper of the Prints at the British Museum, to whatever
artist he has assigned it. I have personally inspected every engraving
herein described, and the description is entirely my own.

Should there, by chance, be an occasional discrepancy as to a date, it
has been occasioned by the inconceivable contradictions which occur
in different histories and newspapers. To cite an instance: in three
different books are given three different dates of Napoleon leaving
Elba, and it was only by the knowledge that it occurred on a Sunday,
and by consulting an almanac for the year 1815, that I was able
absolutely to determine it.

The frontispiece is taken from a very rare print, and gives a
novel view of Napoleon to us, who are always accustomed to see him
represented in military uniform.

That my readers may find some instruction, mingled with the amusement I
have provided for them, is the earnest wish of

            JOHN ASHTON.




CONTENTS

OF

THE FIRST VOLUME.


  CHAPTER I.
                                                                    PAGE
  BIRTH AND GENEALOGY--HIS OWN ACCOUNT--MAJORCAN OR GREEK
    EXTRACTION--ENGLISH BIOGRAPHIES                                    1


  CHAPTER II.

  DESCENT FROM THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK--ANAGRAMS, ETC., ON HIS
    NAME--THE BEAST OF THE APOCALYPSE--HIS MOTHER’S ACCOUNT OF
    HIS BIRTH                                                          7


  CHAPTER III.

  COUNT MARBŒUF, HIS PUTATIVE FATHER--POVERTY OF THE BONAPARTE
    FAMILY--EARLY PERSONAL DESCRIPTION OF NAPOLEON--HIS OWN
    ACCOUNT OF HIMSELF--SATIRISTS’ NARRATION OF HIS SCHOOL-DAYS       15


  CHAPTER IV.

  NAPOLEON AT THE ÉCOLE MILITAIRE--PERSONAL DESCRIPTION--_PUSS
    IN BOOTS_--VISIT TO CORSICA--SOLICITS SERVICE IN ENGLAND--
    REPORTED VISIT TO LONDON--SIEGE OF TOULON                         22


  CHAPTER V.

  NAPOLEON’S PROMOTION--HIS POVERTY--JUNOT’S KINDNESS--REVOLT
    OF THE SECTIONS--NAPOLEON’S SHARE THEREIN--MADE GENERAL OF
    THE INTERIOR--INTRODUCTION TO JOSEPHINE--SKETCH OF HER LIFE       29


  CHAPTER VI.

  JOSEPHINE’S DRESS AND PERSONAL APPEARANCE--HER REPUTED CONNECTION
    WITH BARRAS--MARRIAGE WITH NAPOLEON--HER TASTES AND
    DISPOSITION                                                       36


  CHAPTER VII.

  NAPOLEON MADE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMY OF ITALY--HIS SHORT
    HONEYMOON--HIS FIRST VICTORY--STATE OF THE FRENCH ARMY--THE
    ITALIAN CAMPAIGN--FRENCH DESCENT ON IRELAND--ITS RESULT--
    STATE OF ENGLAND                                                  43


  CHAPTER VIII.

  NAPOLEON DESPOILS ITALY OF HER WORKS OF ART--THE SIEGE OF MANTUA
    --WÜRMSER’S SURRENDER--EARLIEST ENGLISH CARICATURE OF NAPO