



Produced by Chris Curnow, Chris Jordan and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Print project.)









                         _BY THE SAME AUTHOR._


    =FUN WITH MAGNETISM.= A book and complete outfit for _Sixty-One
    Experiments_.

    =FUN WITH ELECTRICITY.= A book and complete outfit for _Sixty
    Experiments_.

    =FUN WITH PUZZLES.= A book and complete outfit for _Four
    Hundred Puzzles_.

    =FUN WITH SOAP-BUBBLES.= A book and complete outfit for _Fancy
    Bubbles and Films_.

    =HUSTLE-BALL.= An American game. Played by means of magic wands
    and polished balls of steel.

    =JINGO.= The great war game, including =JINGO JUNIOR=.

    =HOW TWO BOYS MADE THEIR OWN ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.= A book
    containing complete directions for making all kinds of simple
    apparatus for the study of elementary electricity.

    =THE STUDY OF ELEMENTARY ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM BY
    EXPERIMENT.= This book is designed as a text-book for amateurs,
    students, and others who wish to take up a systematic course of
    simple experiments at home or in school.


                           _IN PREPARATION._

    =THINGS A BOY SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ELECTRICITY.= This book
    explains, in simple, straightforward language, many things
    about electricity; things in which the American boy is
    intensely interested; things he wants to know; things he should
    know.

          _Ask Your Toy Dealer, Stationer, or Bookseller for
                our Books, Games, Puzzles, Educational
                           Amusements, Etc._


           Thomas M. St. John, 407 West 51st St., New York.




                  The Study of Elementary Electricity
                      and Magnetism by Experiment

                              Containing

                        TWO HUNDRED EXPERIMENTS
                            PERFORMED WITH
                      SIMPLE, HOME-MADE APPARATUS

                                  BY

                      THOMAS M. ST. JOHN, Met. E.

     Author of "Fun With Magnetism," "Fun With Electricity," "How
          Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus," Etc.

[Illustration: Logo]

                               NEW YORK
                          THOMAS M. ST. JOHN
                         407 West 51st Street
                                 1900


                           Copyright, 1900,
                        By THOMAS M. ST. JOHN.




To the Student.


This book is designed as a text-book for amateurs, students, and others
who wish to take up a systematic course of elementary electrical
experiments at home or in school.

The student is advised to begin at the beginning, to perform the
experiments in the order given, and to understand each step before
proceeding. Certain principles and explanations necessarily precede the
practical and perhaps more interesting applications of those principles.

In selecting the apparatus for the experiments in this book, the author
has kept constantly in mind the fact that the average student will not
buy the expensive pieces usually described in text-books.

The two hundred experiments given can be performed with simple,
inexpensive apparatus; in fact, the student should make at least a part
of his own apparatus.

For the benefit of those who wish to make their own apparatus, the
author has given, throughout the work, explanations that will aid
in the construction of certain pieces especially adapted to these
experiments. For those who have the author's "How Two Boys Made Their
Own Electrical Apparatus," constant references have been made to it
as the "Apparatus Book," as this contains full details for making
almost all kinds of simple apparatus needed in "The Study of Elementary
Electricity and Magnetism by Experiment."

                                       THOMAS M. ST. JOHN.

  _New York, April, 1900._




The Study of Elementary Electricity and
Magnetism by Experiment


PART I--MAGNETISM

PART II--STATIC ELECTRICITY

PART III--CURRENT ELECTRICITY




The Study of Elementary Electricity and Magnetism by Experiment.




TABLE OF CONTENTS.


  PART I.--MAGNETISM.
                                                                   PAGE.

  CHAPTER I. =Iron and Steel=                                          3

  Introduction.--Kinds of iron and steel.--Exp. 1, To
  study steel.--Discussion.--Exp. 2, To find whether a
  piece of hard steel can be made softer.--Annealing.--Exp.
  3, To find whether a piece of annealed steel can be
  hardened.--Hardening; Tempering.--Exp. 4, To test the
  hardening properties of soft iron.--Discussion.

  CHAPTER II. =Magnets=                                                7

  Kinds of magnets.--Exp. 5, To study the horseshoe magnet.--Poles;
  Equator.--Exp. 6, To ascertain the nature of substances attracted
  by a magnet.--Magnetic Bodies; Diamagnetic Bodies.--Practical
  Uses of Magnets.--Exp. 7, To study the action of magnetism
  through various substances.--Magnetic Transparency; Magnetic
  Screens.--Exp. 8, To find whether a magnet can give magnetism
  to a piece of steel.--Discussion; Bar Magnets.--Exp. 9, To make
  small magnets.--Exp. 10, To find whether a freely-swinging bar
  magnet tends to point in any particular direction.--North-seeking
  Poles; South-seeking Poles; Pointing Power.--The Magnetic
  Needle; The Compass.--Exp. 11, To study the action of magnets
  upon each other.--Exp. 12, To study the action of a magnet upon
  soft iron.--Laws of Attraction and Repulsion.--Exp. 