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[Illustration:

 _Lizars. sc._

LAMARCK

_Engraved for the Naturalist’s Library_]




  THE

  NATURALIST’S LIBRARY.

  ENTOMOLOGY.

  [Illustration: _Stewart del._     _Lizars sc._
  The Endymion Butterfly.       The Condomanus Butterfly.]

  LONDON. HENRY G. BOHN.
  YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.




  THE

  NATURALIST’S LIBRARY.

  EDITED BY
  SIR WILLIAM JARDINE, BART.
  F.R.S.E., F.L.S., ETC., ETC.

  VOL. XXXI.

  ENTOMOLOGY.

  FOREIGN BUTTERFLIES.

  BY JAMES DUNCAN,
  M.W.S., ETC.

  EDINBURGH:
  W. H. LIZARS, 3, ST. JAMES’ SQUARE.

  LONDON:
  HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

  1858.




CONTENTS.


                                                                    PAGE

  MEMOIR OF LAMARCK                                                   17

  INTRODUCTION                                                        65

  GENUS ORNITHOPTERA                                                  87

  _Ornithoptera Priamus._ Plate I. Fig. 1.                            89

  _Ornithoptera Remus._ Plate I. Fig. 2.                              92

  GENUS PAPILIO                                                       93

  _Papilio Memnon._ Plate II. Fig. 1.                                 97

  _Papilio Æneas._ Plate II. Fig. 2.                                  99

  _Papilio Ascanius._ Plate III. Fig. 1.                             101

  _Papilio Paris._ Plate III. Fig. 2.                                102

  _Papilio Protesilaus._ Plate IV. Fig. 1.                           104

  _Papilio Sinon._ Plate IV. Fig. 2.                                 106

  _Leptocircus Curius._ Plate V. Fig. 1.                             107

  _Thais Medesicaste._ Plate V. Fig. 2.                              108

  GENUS PIERIS                                                       110

  _Pieris Epicharis._ Plate VI. Figs. 1 and 2.                       112

  _Pieris Philyra._ Plate VI. Fig. 3.                                113

  _Pieris Belisama._ Plate VII. Fig. 1.                              114

  GENUS ANTHOCHARIS                                                  115

  _Anthocharis Danæ._ Plate VII. Fig. 2.                             116

  GENUS IPHIAS                                                       118

  _Iphias Leucippe._ Plate VII. Fig. 3.                              119

  GENUS CALLIDRYAS                                                   120

  _Callidryas Eubule._ Plate VIII. Fig. 1.                           122

  GENUS TERIAS                                                       124

  _Terias Mexicana._ Plate VIII. Fig. 4.                             125

  GENUS EUPLŒA                                                       126

  _Euplœa Limniace._ Plate IX. Fig. 1.                               127

  _Euplœa Plexippe._ Plate IX. Fig. 2.                               128

  GENUS IDEA                                                         130

  _Idea Agelia._ Plate X. Fig. 1.                                    131

  _Idea Daos._ Plate X. Fig. 2.                                      132

  GENUS HELICONIA                                                    133

  _Heliconia Erato._ Plate XI. Fig. 1.                               135

  _Heliconia Cynisca._ Plate XI. Fig. 2.                             137

  _Heliconia Sylvana._ Plate XI. Fig. 3.                             138

  _Heliconia Flora._ Plate XII. Figs. 1 and 2.                       139

  _Heliconia Diaphana._ Plate XII. Fig. 3.                           141

  GENUS ACRÆA                                                        142

  _Acræa Pasiphæ._ Plate XII. Fig. 4.                                143

  GENUS CETHOSIA                                                     144

  _Cethosia Dido._ Plate XIII.                                       145

  _Cethosia Cyane._ Plate XIV.                                       147

  GENUS VANESSA                                                      149

  _Vanessa Juliana._ Plate XV. Fig. 1.                               150

  _Vanessa Amathea._ Plate XV. Fig. 2.                               151

  _Vanessa Orithya._ Plate XV. Fig. 3.                               152

  _Charaxes Jasius._ Plate XVI.                                      154

  _Nymphalis Etheocles._ Plate XVII. Fig. 1.                         157

  _Nymphalis Tiridates._ Plate XVII. Figs. 2 and 3.                  159

  _Peridromia Arethusa._ Plate XVIII. Fig. 1.                        160

  _Peridromia Amphinome._ Plate XVIII. Fig. 2.                       162

  _Marius Thetis._ Plate XIX. Fig. 1.                                164

  _Fabius Hippona._ Plate XIX. Fig. 2.                               167

  _Catagramma Condomanus._ Plate XX. Figs. 1 and 2.                  169

  _Catagramma Pyramus._ Plate XX. Figs. 3 and 4.                     171

  GENUS MORPHO                                                       172

  _Morpho Helenor._ Plate XXI.                                       174

  _Morpho Adonis._ Plate XXII. Fig. 1.                               176

  GENUS PAVONIA                                                      178

  _Pavonia Teucer._ Plate XXII. Fig. 2.                              179

  _Arpidea Chorinæa._ Plate XXIII.                                   180

  _Helicopis Gnidus._ Plate XXIV. Figs. 1 and 2.                     183

  _Erycina Octavius._ Plate XXIV. Fig. 3.                            185

  _Erycina Melibæus._ Plate XXV. Figs. 1 and 2.                      187

  _Loxura Alcides._ Plate XXV. Fig. 3.                               188

  _Polyommatus Marsyas._ Plate XXVI. Figs. 1 and 2.                  190

  _Polyommatus Endymion._ Plate XXVI. Figs. 3 and 4.                 192

  _Polyommatus Venus._ Plate XXVII. Figs. 1 and 2.                   193

  _Polyommatus Achæus._ Plate XXVII. Figs 3 and 4.                   194

  GENUS THALIURA                                                     195

  _Thaliura Rhipheus._ Plate XXVIII.                                 197

  GENUS URANIA                                                       200

  _Urania Sloanus._ Plate XXIX. Fig. 1.                              202

  _Urania Leilus._ Plate XXIX. Fig. 2.                               203

  _Rhipheus Dasycephalus._ Plate XXX.                                205

  Portrait of Lamarck                                                  2

  Vignette, Title Page                                                 3

 In all, Thirty-two Plates in this Volume. With one Plate double,
 making the number equal to

 THIRTY-THREE.




MEMOIR OF LAMARCK.




MEMOIR OF LAMARCK.


Among the many eminent French naturalists, whose loss to science we
have so often had occasion to lament during the few past years, the
above individual occupied a conspicuous place. He was long known
in Paris by his public prelections, and his numerous writings have
procured for him a high degree of reputation throughout Europe. In
this country he is best known by his admirable works on invertebrate
animals, which may be said to have formed a new era in the history of
that extensive department of the animal kingdom. But his studies had
a very extensive range; many of the most interesting inquiries which
for ages have fixed the attention of mankind, were the subjects of
his meditation, and on most of them he formed a number of definite
ideas which he promulgated under the form of theories. Although these
speculations are of a highly fanciful description, and some of them
greatly to be deprecated on account of their hurtful tendency, yet
they merit attention as the productions of a mind remarkable for
originality and penetration, as well as for extensive and varied
knowledge.

       *       *       *       *       *

JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE ANTOINE DE MONET, generally called the Chevalier
de Lamarck, was descended from an ancient family of some distinction,
possessed of considerable property in the province of Bearn. He was
born at Bezantin, a small village in Picardy, on the 1st August, 1744.
His fathers pecuniary resources having become considerably impaired,
among other things by the maintenance of a numerous family, Jean
Baptiste being his eleventh child, he found it necessary to educate his
sons for some useful profession. Several of them entered the army, and
the subject of the present notice was destined for the church, which
at that period offered many lucrative and influential appointments to
the members of noble families. To qualify him for this office, he was
sent to study under the Jesuits at Amiens, with whom he remained for
a considerable time. From the first, however, he appears to have had
some aversion to the profession selected for him by his father, and
this was increased to positive dislike by the mode of life which he was
obliged to lead at college. His active and excursive mind submitted
with impatience to the punctilious restraints of college discipline,
and the mechanical routine of studies prescribed indiscriminately to
all, without reference to natural bias or acquired predilection. Most
of his companions were actively engaged in the field or in other public
services, for France was now occupied with the eventful struggle
which commenced in 1756. His eldest brother had fallen in the siege of
Bergen-op-Zoom; others of them were still in the army; and all his most
cherished associations were connected with the profession of arms. With
so much to inspire an aversion to seclusion and comparative inactivity,
nothing could have induced him to remain at college but the authority
of his father, who still enforced compliance with his wishes. That
salutary restraint, however, having been removed by death, in 1760,
no time was lost by young Lamarck in following his own inclinations.
With nothing but a letter of recommendation from a lady residing in
the neighbourhood of his father, addressed to the colonel of a French
regiment, he set out for the army, which was then in Germany. Lamarck’s
somewhat diminutive stature and boyish appearance, which made him look
younger than he really was, were ill fitted to make amends for the want
of influential