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  THE

  HISTORY OF DUELLING:

  INCLUDING,

  NARRATIVES

  OF THE MOST

  REMARKABLE PERSONAL ENCOUNTERS

  THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD
  TO THE PRESENT TIME.

  BY

  J. G. MILLINGEN, M.D. F.R.S.

  AUTHOR OF “CURIOSITIES OF MEDICAL EXPERIENCE,” ETC.

  IN TWO VOLUMES.
  VOL. I.

  LONDON:
  RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET,
  Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty.
  1841.




  LONDON:
  PRINTED BY SAMUEL BENTLEY,
  Bangor House, Shoe Lane.




CONTENTS

OF

THE FIRST VOLUME.


  CHAPTER I.

  INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.

  Object of the Work.--Ancient Duels and Single Combats
  characterized.--Origin of Duelling.--Trials by Ordeal.--Treachery
  and ferocity of the days of Chivalry.--Light thrown by
  the History of Duelling on the Manners and Constitutions
  of Society at different periods.--Introduction into the British
  Isles.--Advantages to be derived from chronicling the hideous
  details                                                         Page 1


  CHAPTER II.

  ON DUELLING AMONG THE ANCIENTS, AND IN OLDEN TIMES.

  The practice of Duelling unknown to the Ancients.--Personal
  conflicts of their Warriors.--Wrestlers in the Pancration.--Introduction
  of the Cæstus.--Female Pugilists.--Gladiators.--National
  conflicts.--Battle of the Thirty.--Onset between
  Bembrough and Beaumanoir.--Combat between Seven French
  and Seven English Knights.--Challenges between Sovereigns.--Francis
  the First and Charles the Fifth.--Edward the Third
  and Philip de Valois.--Christian the Fourth of Denmark and
  Charles the Ninth of Sweden.--Sully’s description of Duellists  Page 9


  Chapter III.

  THE ORIGIN OF DUELLING.

  Association of Brute Courage with Superstition.--Religion
  and Love.--Barbarous Courage of the Northern Nations.--Personal
  appeal to arms traced to their irruption in the Fifth
  Century.--Universal militarism.--Decision of Differences by
  brute force.--Establishment of Ordeals.--Judicial Combats.--Law
  of Gundebald, King of the Burgundians.--Mode of conducting
  these Judicial Combats.--A Burgundian Conflict described.--Lady
  Spectatresses.--Duel between Baron des
  Guerres and the Sieur de Faudilles.--Mode of conducting Ordeals
  and Judicial Combats.--The Weapons.--Form of Denial.--The
  Gage.--Duels by Proxy.--Bravoes, or Champions.--Trial
  by Hot Iron.--Trial by Hot and Cold Water.--Ordeal
  of the Cross.--Ordeal by Balance.--Ordeal by Poison.--Ordeal
  by Hot Oil.--Antiquity of the practice of Ordeals.--First Fire
  Ordeal.--Story of Simplicius Bishop of Autun.--Account of a
  Trial by Hot Water                                                  21


  CHAPTER IV.

  CELEBRATED JUDICIAL DUELS.

  Combat between Macaire and the Dog of Montargis.--Between
  the King of Burgundy’s Chamberlain and Gamekeeper.--Between
  a Courtier of Rharvald King of Lombardy
  and a Cousin of the Queen.--Between Gontran and Ingelgerius,
  Count of Anjou.--Ecclesiastical trials by battle.--Singular
  Trial by Battle at Toledo.--Judicial trials instituted by
  French Parliaments.--Edicts prohibiting Duels.--The Saviour’s
  truce.--Account of the celebrated Duel between Jarnac and
  De la Chasteneraye.--Combat between Albert de Luignes
  and Panier.--Maugerel the King’s Killer.--Abolition of the
  Trial by Ordeal in England.--Ordeal of the heated Ploughshares.--Combat
  between Edward Ironside and Canute.--Introduction
  of Duelling into England.--Law of Alfred.--Laws
  of Edmund.--Price of Wounds and Injuries regulated.--Decision
  of the Cross.--Ordeal by the Consecrated Bread and Cheese,
  or Corsned.--Settlement of Feuds by Pecuniary Compensation.--Combat
  between William Count d’Eu and Godefroi
  Baynard--Between Henry de Essex and Robert de Montfort.--Institution
  of the Grand Assizes, or Trial by Jury, by
  Henry the Second.--Trial of Battle before the Court of Common
  Pleas                                                               44

  CHAPTER V.

  INSTITUTION OF CHIVALRY AND DUELS.

  Origin of Chivalric Laws and Customs.--The Assumption of
  Arms considered a Religious Rite.--Gallantry.--Union of Love and
  Religion.--Institution of Knighthood.--Tilts and Tournaments.--Increase
  of Duelling.--Degrading results of Chivalry.--Desperate
  pranks of the Crusaders.--Massacre of the Albigenses.--Knighthood
  becomes instrumental to Clerical or Military
  Ambition.--The Dog of Our Lady.--Francis the First’s
  Principle of Honour.--Giving the Lie.--First Chivalric Meeting.--Rules
  and Regulations for the Management of Tournaments.--Tournaments
  forbidden by the Clergy.--Edward the
  First challenged by the Count de Chalons.--His joust with the
  French Knights.--The petty Battle of Chalons.--Fatal Encounter
  of Henry the Second of France with Count Montgomery.--Ferocity
  and absurdity of these “Points of Honour.”--Deadly
  Combat between two Spanish Captains at Ferrara.--“Beau
  Combat” between M. de Bayard and Don Alonzo de
  Soto Mayor.--Punctiliousness in taking Offence.--Object of
  Tilts and Tournaments.--Injunction of the Dame des Belles
  Cousines to Little Jean de Saintré.--“Love par Amours.”--Influence
  of the Clergy.--Origin of the “Truce of God.”--The
  Crusades under Godefroi de Bouillon.--Advantages held
  out to the Crusaders.--Revolution in Property produced by the
  Crusades.--Discovery of the Pandects of Justinian.--Introduction
  of Civil Law                                                        66


  CHAPTER VI.

  EARLY DUELLING IN FRANCE.

  France the Classic Ground of Duelling.--Brantôme’s Rules
  for Duellers.--Right of a Soldier to call out his Captain.--Opinions
  of La Béraudière, Basnage, and Alciat.--Decorations
  and button-hole Badges.--The Badge of Love.--Choice of
  Arms.--Ancient modes of Fighting.--Fighting with sharp-pointed
  daggers in front of the Helmet.--Fighting in Steel
  Collars with pointed blades.--Privilege of the Offended to
  choose his Arms.--Fighting in Armour.--State of Society in
  France during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.--Introduction
  of the Pistol                                                       94


  CHAPTER VII.

  DUELLING IN FRANCE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

  Effects of the Gasconading Challenge sent by Francis the
  First to Charles the Fifth.--Duel between Chateauneuf and his
  Guardian Lachesnaye.--Between the Nephew of Marshal St.
  André and M. Matas.--Between a Roman Gentleman and the
  Chevalier De Refuge.--Exploits of Baron de Vitaux, the Paragon
  of France.--His Duel with Baron de Mittaud.--His Death.--Duel
  between Caylus and D’Entragues.--Between Riberac
  and Maugerin.--Between Schomberg and Livaret.--Introduction
  of the custom of Seconds fighting with each other.--Murderous
  Contests of Antoine de Clarmont.--Contest of six
  against six                                                        109


  CHAPTER VIII.

  DUELLING IN FRANCE DURING THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

  Edicts of Henry the Fourth against duelling.--Desperate
  nature of these bloody feuds.--Combat between Joeilles and
  Devese.--Celebrated Ruffians.--Trial of Skill between Lagarde
  Valoise and Bazanez.--Battle of the Hats.--Pardons
  for duelling.--Endeavours of Sully to check the practice.--Edict
  of Blois.--“The point of honour.”--Refusal of M. de
  Reuly to fight a duel                                              123


  CHAPTER IX.

  DUELLING DURING THE REIGN OF LOUIS THE THIRTEENTH.

  Ferocity and absurdity of private rencontres during this
  reign.--Fighting with knives.--Baron de Luz and his son
  killed by the Chevalier de Guise.--Prohibitory edicts.--Anecdotes
  by Lord Herbert of Cherbury.--Case of M. Mennon.--“C’est
  Monsieur Balaguy!”--Quarrels for top-knots and
  ribands.--Duel between the Prince de Chalais and the Count
  of Pont Gibaut.--Excesses of “the golden youth of France.”--Conflict
  between Boutteville and the Marquis de Beuvron.--Boutteville’s
  execution                                                          133


  CHAPTER X.

  DUELLING IN FRANCE DURING THE REIGN OF LOUIS THE
  FOURTEENTH.

  Picture of the Times.--Endeavours to check the Spirit of
  Duelling.--The celebrated “Edit des Duels.”--Severe pains
  and penalties.--Courts of Honour instituted.--Prize Medal
  for a Poem against Duelling.--Ecclesiastical frays.--Fighting
  with Crucifixes, Prayer-books, and Missals.--Private
  Outrages in high life.--The great Condé and the
  Comte des Rièux.--Duel between the Duke of Beaufort and
  the Duke de Nemours.--Between the Comte de Coligny and
  the Duke de Guise.--Between the Comte de Rochefort and
  the desperado Bréauté.--A singular Challenge.--Duel between
  La Frette and De Chalais.--Case of the Marquis de la Donze,
  Duel between the Counts de Brionne and d’Hautefort.--Quarrel
  of the Dukes de Luxembourg and Richelieu--And of
  the Prince de Conti and the Grand Prior of Vendôme.--A gambling
  duel.--Meeting between La Fontaine and an Officer.--Association
  for the Abolition of Duelling.--Its decline traced
  in the progress of Civilization.--The Point of Honour.--Coustard
  de Massis.--Defence of Duelling.--Frequency of Duels in
  the United States of America accounted for.--Montesquieu’s
  recapitulation of the grounds on which the erroneous views of
  the Point of Honour were based                                     151


  CHAPTER XI.

  DUELLING IN FRANCE DURING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

  Profligacy of the Court during the Regency of Philip
  d’Orleans.--Disregard of the edict against duelling.--A duel about
  an Angola cat, fought at Paris in open day.--Duel between the
  Abbé D’Aydie and a clerk.--Between Contades and Brissac.--Efforts
  of Louis the Fifteenth to check duelling.--Duel between the
  Duke de Richelieu and the Count de Gacé.--Between Richelieu
  and the Count Albani.--Between Richel