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Books by William Roscoe Thayer

  THE DAWN OF ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE: Italy from the Congress of
    Vienna, 1814, to the Fall of Venice, 1849. In the series on
    Continental History. With maps. 2 vols. crown 8vo, $4.00.

  THRONE-MAKERS. Papers on Bismarck, Napoleon III., Kossuth,
    Garibaldi, etc. 12mo, $1.50.

  POEMS, NEW AND OLD. 16mo, $1.00.

  HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
  BOSTON AND NEW YORK.




  THRONE-MAKERS

    BY
    WILLIAM ROSCOE THAYER

    [Illustration]

  BOSTON AND NEW YORK
  HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
  The Riverside Press, Cambridge
  1899




  COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY WILLIAM ROSCOE THAYER
  ALL RIGHTS RESERVED




  TO
  DR. MORRIS LONGSTRETH
  IN MEDICINE, ORIGINAL AND WISE
  IN FRIENDSHIP, STEADFAST




PREFACE


Since 1789 every European people has been busy making a throne, or seat
of government and authority, from which its ruler might preside. These
thrones have been of many patterns, to correspond to the diversity in
tastes of races, parties, and times. Often, the business of destroying
seems to have left no leisure for building. In England alone have men
learned how to remodel a throne without disturbing its occupant; as we
in America raise or move large houses without interrupting the daily
life of the