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THE AIREDALE

by

WILLIAMS HAYNES

Author of "Beagles and Beagling," "Toy Dogs," etc.







Outing Handbooks

New York
Outing Publishing Company
MCMXI

Copyright, 1911, by
Outing Publishing Company.

Entered at Stationer's Hall, London, England.
All rights reserved




CONTENTS

   CHAPTER                                                    PAGE

     I. THE BIGGEST AND BEST TERRIER                             9

    II. THE AIREDALE'S HISTORY                                  21

   III. THE CARE OF A TERRIER                                   35

    IV. BREEDING TERRIERS                                       49

     V. DOG SHOWS AND SHOWING                                   65

    VI. THE USEFUL AIREDALE                                     79

   VII. COMMON AILMENTS                                         91




CHAPTER I

THE BIGGEST AND BEST TERRIER


It was in the Merchants' Hotel, Manchester--a famous gathering place
for the dog fanciers of the English Midlands, the most thickly dog
populated district in the whole world--that one autumn evening I heard
the best definition of an Airedale that I ever knew. A party of us,
fresh from some bench show, were seated round a table waiting for
dinner, and naturally we were talking dog, telling dog stories,
anecdotes, and jokes. I gave the American definition of a dachshund;
"half a dog high and a dog and a half long," and Theodore Marples,
editor of _Our Dogs_, turning to a quiet little man, noted as a wild
fanatic on the subject of Airedales, asked him his definition of his
favorite breed. Quick as a spark he answered, "The biggest and best
terrier!"

There are thousands of people, all sorts of people from bankers to
beggars, scattered all over this earth from Dawson City to Capetown,
from Moscow to Manila, who will echo the statement that the Airedale is
indeed the biggest and the best of all the terriers. Moreover, their
votes would not be bribed by mere sentiment, but based upon good, sound
reasons, for it is certain that he is the biggest, and he is "best" at
doing more things than any other dog in the stud book.

An Airedale will drive sheep or cattle; he will help drag a sled; he
will tend the baby; he will hunt anything from a bear to a field mouse.
He can run like a wolf and will take to water like an otter. He does
not "butt in" looking for trouble with each dog that he passes on the
street, but once he is "in" he will stick, for he is game as a pebble.
He is kind, obedient, thoroughly trustworthy as a companion for
children, or a watchman for your property. He has the disposition of a
lamb combined with the courage of a lion. He is certainly the most
all-round dog that there is and, unlike many Jacks-of-all-trades, he is
apparently quite able to master all tasks a dog is called upon to
perform.

Over and above his talents and his character, the Airedale has a
constitution made of steel and stone. He is equally at home in the snow
wastes of the Arctic Circle and on the alkali deserts of Arizona. The
dry, bracing air of Colorado and the fever-soaked atmosphere of
Florida's Everglades both seem to agree with him perfectly. A sick
Airedale is just about as common as a dodo.

"The biggest and best terrier" indeed fits him to a T, but it does not
convey any very definite idea as to what he should look like. Even his
most enthusiastic admirers never claimed beauty for the Airedale. He is
not pretty, unless we acknowledge that "handsome is that handsome
does," and can see the beauty of perfect symmetry under wiry coat and
odd coloring.

A good Airedale is about as big as a pointer; somewhere in the
neighborhood of forty-five pounds, a little more for a dog and a little
less for a bitch. His head should be long; the skull flat and broad;
the cheeks smooth; the muzzle strong with tight lips over big, white,
even teeth. His eyes should be small, dark, and full of fire and his
ears little, carried high, and shaped like a V, for nothing can so
detract from the correct terrier expression as large, light eyes and
houndy ears. His front legs ought to be a pair of gun barrels, straight
and strong and about the same thickness all the way down. His shoulders
are like those of a race horse, long and sloping; while his pads should
be firm and hard, not those loose, sprawly feet sometimes seen.

The only kind of a back for him to have is short, and his ribs must
be well sprung. A long backed dog lacks staying qualities, and a
slab-sided one has not the room for lungs. His chest should be deep,
but narrow, and he should be slightly cut up in the loin--not the
wasp-like waist of a greyhound,--but no better is a body like a
stovepipe. His hindquarters should be strong, with the hocks quite near
the ground. The Airedale that does not carry a gay tail is a delight to
no eye.

Last, but not least, comes the coat. In color this should be a deep,
rich tan on the head, face, chest, legs, and under parts, while over
the back is a saddle of black or iron-grey. Personally, I like the
black more than the grizzle, for it makes a prettier contrast with the
tan, but "a good horse cannot be a bad color." The Airedale's coat is
(or rather should be) double. The overcoat is of hair like wire, stiff
and hard, about an inch long all over the dog, except on the skull
where it is shorter. Under this jacket of wire, there ought to be a
vest of soft, woolly hair.

If you can collect in your mind's eye all the above details of
description you should see a big, strong, compact, businesslike dog,
full of the proverbial up-and-ever-coming spirit that inspires all
terriers. His every movement shows strength, yet he always moves in
that effort-economizing way which is the very personification of grace.
When running he sweeps along with the free open stride of a galloping
thoroughbred, with his head often carried low, but his tail always
high.

Very often the man wanting a dog for hunting, for a guard, for a pal
turns up his nose at all the finely enumerated details in which the
standard describes the fanciers' ideal of Airedale perfection. He is
wrong, for, as the advertisements say, "There's a reason." Take the
double coat for example. The Airedale was originally bred to be a water
dog. The wiry coat sheds water like a duck's back, and the undercoat
keeps him warm in all weather. With the kind of a jacket for which the
standard calls an Airedale can swim the river, scramble out, shake
himself, roll over, and be dry. Moreover, such a coat is a perfect
armor against all kinds of thorns, claws, and teeth. The long, clean
head with its strong muzzle means a jaw with plenty of room for big,
strong teeth and muscles to shut those teeth as quickly and as surely
as a spring trap.

Of course, not one Airedale in a thousand comes within seventy-five
per cent. of being all that the standard describes. The average,
however, is high in America; much higher here than anywhere else in
the world, except England, and our best can even hold their own with
the champions from the land of the breed's creation. Americans who
have been interested in the dog have been blessed with enough of this
world's goods to buy what they want, and almost without exception, they
have been inspired with the best fancier ideal, that of breeding their
own winners.

This has given us a breeding stock second only in numbers to that of
Great Britain in the hands of men who could and would use the material
to the best advantage. Accordingly, the American-bred Airedale is noted
the world over as a show dog, and in no other country has the breed's
sporting possibilities been so fully tested as here in the United
States.

By birth and breeding the Airedale is a sporting terrier. A dog bred
originally to do the work of a vermin destroyer, he has taken naturally
to all kinds of game. In the Rockies, he is used on bear, and he has
won a name as a dog of exceptional brains, unfailing courage, and
remarkable stamina at work from which no fool, coward, or weakling
comes home to supper. On the farms of New England, he is cherished as
an exterminator of wood-chucks, moles, rats, and vermin of this class.
He hunts all the way down the scale from the giant "silver tip" to the
mouse in the pantry--mountain lions, wolves, panthers, lynx, wild cats,
foxes, <DW53>s, skunks, rabbits, mink, what not, each and all he hunts
with equal gusto and success. Is it any wonder that though the Airedale
is only a little over half a century old his fame has spread from pole
to pole?

The Airedale is a dog that no one can know well without becoming his
friend, but all his friends do not know him well. For this reason, and
because so much depends upon one's first dog, it seems particularly
necessary to give some advice to intending Airedale purchasers, whom we
may divide into dog owners and kennel owners. By a dog owner I mean one
who wants an Airedale or two as a companion, guard, and all-round dog.
Kennel owners are those who intend keeping, breeding, and showing or
hunting several dogs.

The dog owner does not as a rule think it worth while to post himself
on the history and points of the breed. He has heard the praises sung
of "the biggest and best terrier," and has decided that he is the dog
he wants. If that is all he wants let him get some friend to give him
an Airedale puppy or let him buy one as cheaply as he can, but he is
going to lose half the pleasure of owning a good dog of a good breed.
Merrinac, the best known _maitre d'armes_ in France, once said to a
party of American fencers that it was the romance of the sword that
made fencing so fascinating to its devotees, and there is romance in
the history of the Airedale that weaves its charm round an Airedale
owner. Whatever we know well is interesting and wonderful, and a
knowledge of the Airedale's past and his points, which is an absolute
necessity to the kennel owner, adds one hundred per cent. to the dog
owner's pleasure.

The wise dog owner then will learn all he can about his breed. "Book
larnin'" is good, but better still are talks with all sorts and
conditions of Airedale owners and a visit to an Airedale kennel or the
ringside at a dog show when the breed is being judged. No men ride
their hobbies harder than dog fanciers, and all will talk and from all
can something be learned.

When one has learned something about Airedales let him then buy his
dog. It is best to buy a dog about six months old--old enough to be
over puppy ills and not too old to learn new tricks. A puppy of that
age, over distemper and house broken, is as satisfactory as it is
possible for a pup to be. Bringing up a terrier puppy is hard on one's
shoes, the ladies' hats, and everyone's disposition, but it is much
more satisfactory to train him yourself in the ways you would have him
go.

In picking out a puppy select the bright little chap to whom you are
naturally attracted--I am advising the "dog owner" who knows the breed
well enough not to be interested in any litter not of orthodox
breeding. Only in case of doubt need you pay attention to show points.
If it comes to a question of that pick the dark eye, small ear, long
head, short back, straight legs. Do not worry about size or color or
coat, nor must a novice expect to be able to "pick the winner" of a
litter. Go to a reputable breeder and pay as much as you can afford.
You can take his advice, for all dog breeders are not crooks and
grafters, but like any other kind of a business transaction knowledge
is very valuable to the purchaser.

May I plead the case of the bitch as a companion? Nine out of ten want
a dog, but a bitch has many advantages. She is usually more clever, a
great deal more affectionate and faithful, much less given to roaming
from home, and should one ever want to raise some puppies she may prove
a valuable investment.

The kennel owner, turning now to him, will, I take it for granted, read
all he can lay his hands on that treats of the Airedale, go to shows,
visit kennels, and talk, think, and dream Airedale. If he is to have a
small kennel I advise his buying one or two good young bitches. Puppies
are a chance and old bitches, however famous, are poor breeding stock.
Buy young winning bitches, proved mothers and of desirable blood lines
and you will have the best possible start along the road of kennel
success. It is as rocky a thoroughfare as the proverbial one to Dublin,
full of all sorts of disappointments and maybe even losses, but its
pleasures and its gains are sure to come to the man who follows it in
the right spirit.

The large kennel owner is either going into it for pleasure, where he
will have a check book to help him, or for a business. In the former
case he will probably leave much on the shoulders of his kennel
manager, and I am writing on Airedales not the servant problem. If he
is going to make a business of raising Airedales that is his business,
not the author's.

To all Airedale buyers let me again say that it pays to know all you
can about the breed and to buy the best you can afford. The "biggest
and best terrier" has been tried by so many different people in all
parts of the world and has won such unanimous praise that his admirers
can recommend him to anyone, anywhere, for anything.




CHAPTER II

THE AIREDALE'S HISTORY


The Airedale is a product of the middle of the nineteenth century and
was manufactured in Yorkshire. The streams that tumble down the deep
vales of that Midland county are the homes of hundreds of crafty,
hardbitten otters; there are thieving foxes and very game, but very
rascally badgers in snug dens in the hills; many a swift English hare
lives in the broad game preserves. The hardy Yorkshireman of 1850--his
sons and grandsons to-day are real "chips of the old block"--loved
nothing so much as a hunt after the vermin, with possibly a rat killing
contest with "a couple o' bob" at stake of a Saturday night, and
sometimes, on moonless nights, when game keepers were asleep, a little
trip after the filling for a rabbit pie. Now, you cannot do these
things without a dog that is brainy, game, obedient, and as much at
home in water as on dry land; so they just naturally set to work to
make themselves such a dog.

All this we know positively, but when it comes to saying anything
definite about how they made that dog, which we now call the Airedale,
you begin to deal in traditions as conflicting as theories on the
Martian canals and speculations as vague as old wives' tales. Taking
all the yarns and guesses and boiling them down to an average, we find
that the Airedale, so most people think, was originally a cross between
a tan-grizzle terrier, now extinct or absorbed in other breeds, but
once common in the Midlands, and the otterhound, a big, wire-coated
water dog of the bloodhound type, that comes in all colors of Joseph's
famous coat, but mainly white with black and tannish markings. To this
cross were added dashes of bull terrier, which breed was, at that time,
just coming to the fore with its deserved reputation for grit, and
Bedlington terrier, a light-weight, top-knotted dog from the North of
England.

Probably there were sprinkles of the blood of the collie and of all
terriers found at the time between the Midlands and the Scottish
Borderland. All these (fox, Manchester, Welsh, Old English, and Dandy
Dinmont) were then more or less indefinite as to type and uncertain
as to breeding, which helps materially in making confusion worse
confounded. Just how and why this strange, indefinite mixture should
have resulted in the Airedale no one can say. The otterhound donated
the size and the love of the water, and all the terrier blood made him
a terrier in spite of his size. From the very beginning the breed had
the advantage of having an object. The Yorkshireman wanted a big,
strong, dead game, water-loving terrier. That furnished a standard to
breed to, and they got what they wanted.

When the fame of this dog first spread from the valleys of his
birthplace, he was pretty well established as to type, and once taken
up by the dog showing fancy and a standard drawn up the type was soon
firmly fixed. Since his first introduction to the world he has changed,
becoming somewhat larger. The seers and wise men of English dogdom
raised a great hullaballoo when this giant among terriers appeared,
saying that no dog over twenty pounds could be a terrier because a
terrier must go to earth. The dog, however, was mainly terrier in blood
and so very certainly terrier in characteristics