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ANALYSIS OF MR. MILL'S SYSTEM OF LOGIC.

       *       *       *       *       *

WORKS BY JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. FOR WESTMINSTER.


     A SYSTEM of LOGIC, RATIOCINATIVE and INDUCTIVE. Sixth Edition. 2
     vols. 8vo. 25_s._

     An EXAMINATION of SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON'S PHILOSOPHY, and of the
     Principal Philosophical Questions discussed in his Writings. Third
     Edition, revised. 8vo. 14_s._

     PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL ECONOMY, with some of their Applications to
     Social Philosophy. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 30_s._

     PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL ECONOMY. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. People's
     Edition. Crown 8vo. 5_s._

     CONSIDERATIONS on REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT. Third Edition. 8vo.
     9_s._

     On REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. People's
     Edition. Crown 8vo. 2_s._

     On LIBERTY. Third Edition. Post 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._

     On LIBERTY. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. People's Edition. Crown 8vo.
     1_s._ 4_d._

     DISSERTATIONS and DISCUSSIONS, POLITICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, and
     HISTORICAL. Second Edition of VOLS. I. and II. price 24_s._; VOL.
     III., price 12_s._

     INAUGURAL ADDRESS delivered to the University of St. Andrew's, Feb.
     1, 1867. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. Rector of the University.
     Library Edition (the Second), post 8vo. 5_s._ People's Edition,
     crown 8vo. 1_s._

     UTILITARIANISM. Second Edition. 8vo. 5_s._

     THOUGHTS on PARLIAMENTARY REFORM. Second Edition, with SUPPLEMENT.
     8vo. 1_s._ 6_d._


London: LONGMANS and CO. Paternoster Row.

       *       *       *       *       *

ANALYSIS OF MR. MILL'S SYSTEM OF LOGIC.

BY

W. STEBBING, M.A.

FELLOW OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD.

_NEW EDITION._

LONDON:
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
1867.


LONDON

PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO.

NEW-STREET SQUARE




PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.


The author's aim has been to produce such a condensation of the original
work as may recall its contents to those who have read it, and may serve
those who are now reading it in the place of a full body of marginal
notes. Mr. Mill's conclusions on the true province and method of Logic
have a high substantive value, independent even of the arguments and
illustrations by which they are supported; and these conclusions may be
adequately, and, it is believed, with much practical utility, embodied
in an epitome. The processes of reasoning on which they depend, can, on
the other hand, be represented in outline only. But it is hoped that the
substance of every paragraph, necessary for the due comprehension of the
several steps by which the results have been reached, will be here
found at all events suggested.

The author may be allowed to add, that Mr. Mill, before publication,
expressed a favourable opinion of the manner in which the work had been
executed. Without such commendation the volume would hardly have been
offered to the public.

LONDON: _Dec. 21, 1865_.




CONTENTS.
                                                                 PAGE

INTRODUCTION                                                        1


BOOK I.

NAMES AND PROPOSITIONS.

CHAP.

      I. On the Necessity of commencing with an Analysis of
          Language in Logic                                         3

     II. Names                                                      3

    III. The Things denoted by Names                                7

     IV. Propositions                                              17

      V. The Import of Propositions                                19

     VI. Propositions merely Verbal                                24

    VII. The Nature of Classification, and the Five Predicables    26

   VIII. Definition                                                30


BOOK II.

REASONING.

      I. Inference, or Reasoning in General                        35

     II. Ratiocination, or Syllogism                               36

    III. The Functions and Logical Value of the Syllogism          39

     IV. Trains of Reasoning, and Deductive Sciences               43

V. & VI. Demonstration and Necessary Truths                        46


BOOK III.

INDUCTION.

      I. Preliminary Observations on Induction in general          53

     II. Inductions improperly so called                           54

    III. The ground of Induction                                   57

     IV. Laws of Nature                                            58

      V. The Law of Universal Causation                            60

     VI. The Composition of Causes                                 66

    VII. Observation and Experiment                                67

   VIII. & Note to IX. The Four Methods of Experimental
          Enquiry                                                  69

      X. Plurality of Causes, and intermixture of Effects          73

     XI. The Deductive Method                                      76

    XII. & XIII. The Explanation and Examples of the Explanation
          of Laws of Nature                                        77

    XIV. The Limits to the Explanation of Laws of Nature;
          and Hypotheses                                           79

     XV. Progressive Effects, and continued Action of
          Causes                                                   81

    XVI. Empirical Laws                                            83

   XVII. Chance, and its Elimination                               85

  XVIII. The Calculation of Chances                                87

    XIX. The Extension of Derivative Laws to Adjacent Cases        89

     XX. Analogy                                                   91

     XXI. The Evidence of the Law of Universal Causation           92

    XXII. Uniformities of Coexistence not dependent on Causation   94

   XXIII. Approximate Generalisations, and Probable Evidence       96

    XXIV. The remaining Laws of Nature                             99

     XXV. The grounds of Disbelief                                103


BOOK IV.

OPERATIONS SUBSIDIARY TO INDUCTION.

      I. Observation and Description                              107

     II. Abstraction, or the Formation of Conceptions             108

    III. Naming as Subsidiary to Induction                        111

     IV. The Requisites of a Philosophical Language, and the
          Principles of Definition                                112

      V. The Natural History of the Variation in the Meaning
          of Terms                                                115

     VI. Terminology and Nomenclature                             117

    VII. Classification, as Subsidiary to Induction               121

   VIII. Classification by Series                                 124


BOOK V.

FALLACIES.

      I. Fallacies in general                                     127

     II. Classification of Fallacies                              128

    III. Fallacies of Simple Inspection; or, a priori Fallacies   130

     IV. Fallacies of Observation                                 134

      V. Fallacies of Generalisation                              137

     VI. Fallacies of Ratiocination                               141

    VII. Fallacies of Confusion                                   143


BOOK VI.

ON THE LOGIC OF THE MORAL SCIENCES.

      I. Introductory Remarks                                     148

     II. Liberty and Necessity                                    148

    III. There is, or may be, a Science of Human Nature           150

     IV. The Laws of Mind                                         151

      V. Ethology, or the Science of the Formation of Character   153

     VI. General Considerations on