



Produced by Brian Coe, Chuck Greif and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from images made available by the
HathiTrust Digital Library.)








Some corrections have been made. The names of places mentioned have
been left as spelled in the original. Bounaparte has been corrected to
Buonaparte where it appeared in the text.





                                  THE

                           NAPOLEON GALLERY

                                  OR,

                  Illustrations of the Life and Times

                                OF THE

                           EMPEROR OF FRANCE

        ENGRAVED BY REVEIL, AND OTHER EMINENT ARTISTS, FROM ALL
                THE MOST CELEBRATED PICTURES IN FRANCE

                             PUBLISHED BY

                            ESTES & LAURIAT

                                BOSTON


                          _Copyright, 1888._

                          BY ESTES & LAURIAT.




LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


  I. THE ACTION AT ST. ROCHE’S
  II. ENTERING MILAN
  III. “WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN!”
  IV. THE BATTLE OF RIVOLI
  V. NAPOLEON AT LONATO
  VI. DEFENDING THE REDOUBT OF MONTE LEGINO
  VII. PRELIMINARIES OF THE PEACE OF LEOBEN
  VIII. CROSSING THE BRIDGE AT ARCOLA
  IX. THE CISALPINE REPUBLIC
  X. THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS
  XI. THE REVOLT OF CAIRO
  XII. THE FIGHT AT BENOUTH
  XIII. THE SPEECH AT THE PYRAMIDS
  XIV. “ALL WHOM I COMMAND ARE MY CHILDREN”
  XV. BUONAPARTE PARDONING THE REBELS AT CAIRO
  XVI. THE PLAGUE OF JAFFA
  XVII. “YOU ARE THE GREATEST OF MEN!”
  XVIII. NAPOLEON INSCRIBING HIS NAME ON MOUNT SINAI
  XIX. NAPOLEON AT MALMAISON
  XX. THE BATTLE OF MARENGO
  XXI. THE BATTLE OF ABOUKIR
  XXII. THE REVIEW BY THE FIRST CONSUL
  XXIII. BUONAPARTE AT MOUNT ST. BERNARD
  XXIV. THE DEATH OF DESAIX
  XXV. THE CORONATION OF NAPOLEON
  XXVI. THE FIRST CORPS CROSSING THE MAINE
  XXVII. THE FOURTH CORPS AT DONAWERTH
  XXVIII. THE EMPEROR’S ARRIVAL AT AUGSBURG
  XXIX. NAPOLEON CROWNED KING OF ITALY
  XXX. NAPOLEON CROSSING THE RHINE AT KEHL
  XXXI. THE FOURTH CORPS ENTERING AUGSBURG
  XXXII. NAPOLEON ADDRESSES THE ARMY
  XXXIII. THE SURRENDER OF ULM
  XXXIV. NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE KEYS OF VIENNA
  XXXV. THE MORNING OF AUSTERLITZ
  XXXVI. PRESENTATION OF AUSTRIAN ENSIGNS TO THE FRENCH SENATE
  XXXVII. THE SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT RECOVERING ITS COLORS
  XXXVIII. THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ
  XXXIX. THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ
  XL. NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE AUSTRIAN EMPEROR
  XLI. STATUES ON THE COLUMN OF THE GRAND ARMY
  XLII. THE DUCHESS OF WEIMAR AND NAPOLEON
  XLIII. NAPOLEON RECEIVING THE DEPUTIES OF THE SENATE
  XLIV. THE SWORD OF FREDERICK THE GREAT
  XLV. THE BATTLE OF JENA
  XLVI. MARSHAL NEY AT ELCHINGEN
  XLVII. NAPOLEON’S CLEMENCY
  XLVIII. THE FIELD OF BATTLE AT EYLAU
  XLIX. THE BATTLE OF FRIEDLAND
  L. THE SIMPLON PASS
  LI. BATTLE OF ESSLING
  LII. NAPOLEON WOUNDED AT RATISBON
  LIII. THE COMBAT AT SOMO SIERRA
  LIV. NAPOLEON’S INTERVIEW WITH THE PRUSSIAN QUEEN
  LV. THE RETREAT FROM MOSCOW
  LVI. THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF MONTEBELLO
  LVII. NAPOLEON AT THE TOMB OF FREDERICK THE GREAT
  LVIII. THE PEASANT OF THE RHINE
  LIX. THE REDOUBT OF KABRUNN
  LX. “IS IT TRUE THAT THINGS ARE GOING SO BADLY?”
  LXI. THE BATTLE OF MOSCOW
  LXII. THE SKIRMISH
  LXIII. “EVERY ONE TO HIS OWN CALLING”
  LXIV. THE DEATH OF PONIATOWSKI
  LXV. NAPOLEON AT LUTZEN
  LXVI. THE BATTLE OF MONTMIRAIL
  LXVII. NAPOLEON AT MONTEREAU
  LXVIII. NAPOLEON’S FAREWELL AT FONTAINBLEAU
  LXIX. THE BATTLE OF HAINAU
  LXX. NAPOLEON AT ARCIS-SUR-AUBE
  LXXI. FILIAL ANXIETY OF A CONSCRIPT
  LXXII. THE TURNPIKE OF CLICHY
  LXXIII. THE RETURN FROM ELBA
  LXXIV. NAPOLEON AT CHARLEROI
  LXXV. NAPOLEON AT WATERLOO
  LXXVI. NAPOLEON SALUTING WOUNDED FOES
  LXXVII. NAPOLEON IN 1815
  LXXVIII. TAKING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
  LXXIX. A SOLDIER’S FAREWELL
  LXXX. A SOLDIER AT WATERLOO
  LXXXI. A FIELD HOSPITAL
  LXXXII. ARC DE TRIOMPHE DE L’ETOILE
  LXXXIII. DEATH-BED OF NAPOLEON
  LXXXIV. NAPOLEON AS LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
  LXXXV. THE TRIUMPHAL COLUMN
  LXXXVI. STATUE OF NAPOLEON BY CHAUDET
  LXXXVII. APOTHEOSIS
  LXXXVIII. NAPOLEON, EMPEROR
  LXXXIX. THE DEATH-MASK OF NAPOLEON
  XC. THE FUNERAL PROCESSION AT THE ARC DE TRIOMPHE
  XCI. ESPLANADE OF THE HOTEL DES INVALIDES
  XCII. THE CATAFALQUE, DÔME DES INVALIDES
  XCIII. THE FUNERAL CAR
  XCIV. OPENING THE CASKET
  XCV. ROYAL COURT OF THE HOTEL DES INVALIDES




THE ACTION AT ST. ROCHE’S.


On the 4th of October, 1795, at six o’clock in the morning, Napoleon
visited every post, and placed his troops in line. They were few in
number, and might easily have been destroyed by the populace.

While everything portended a sanguinary affair, the danger becoming
every instant more pressing, the Convention discussed the situation
without coming to any decision. Suddenly a column of a few battalions
headed by Lafond, an emigrant, appeared on Point Neuf, and obliged
Cartaux to fall back under the posterns. At about a quarter past four
some rockets were fired from the _Hotel de Noailles_. This was the
signal for the attack. Lafond’s column wheeled round, and marched on the
_Pont Royal_ along the _Quai Voltaire_. This column was routed by the
artillery of the Louvre and _Pont Royal_ after rallying three times
under the fire. St. Roche was taken, and every other post occupied by
the sectionaries, was cleared. At six o’clock, the affray was over; and
if a few cannon were heard during the night, they were discharged to
destroy the barricades which some of the citizens still wished to
maintain.

[Illustration: THE ACTION AT St. ROCHE’S.]




ENTERING MILAN.


On the 15th of May, 1796, Napoleon made his entry into Milan, amidst the
acclamations of the populace; his troops passing under a triumphal arch.
From that day the Italians adopted the tri- ensign--green, red
and white.

Napoleon remained only a few days in Milan, where he received d’Este,
natural brother of the Duke of Modena, who came to solicit the
protection of the French army. Buonaparte treated with the Duke of
Modena as he had done with the Duke of Parma.

In taking the command of the army in Italy, Napoleon, notwithstanding
his extreme youth, inspired the soldiers, and even the old officers
themselves, with absolute confidence.

The accompanying engraving is copied from a fresco painted by Andrea
Appiani, who was commissioned to portray in the vice-regal palace at
Milan the pageants of Napoleon. Thirty-five are there painted in oil,
after the manner of Grisaille. This subject has been engraved by the
best artists of Milan; it is rare and much sought after by amateurs.

[Illustration: ENTERING MILAN.]




“WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN!”


In Italy, after the battle of Bassano, Napoleon, followed by his staff
rode over the field. The moon shed her light upon that scene of horror,
and the profound silence of the night was disturbed only by the sad
cries of the wounded, and the dismal groans of the dying. All at once a
dog that had been lying on a dead body, came forward whining, running
back and forth, seemingly divided between the desire of avenging the
death of his master, and the fear of allowing the body to become cold.
Napoleon stopped; his soul was stirred by the faithful friendship of the
animal compared to the neglect with which the other victims were
treated, and he remained absorbed in profound meditation.

“What a lesson for man!” at last he cried.

The incident was so deeply impressed upon his mind that twenty-five
years after, he spoke of it again on the rock of St. Helena.

[Illustration: WHAT A LESSON FOR MAN.]




THE BATTLE OF RIVOLI.


Napoleon arrived at Rivoli about two o’clock in the morning of the 14th
of January, 1797, where he was able to observe the line of the enemy’s
fires who appeared to be encamped in five divisions, with a view of
commencing the attack at different points. Joubert immediately received
orders to act on the offensive; and the Fusileers engaged with one of
the enemy’s columns, and repulsed it by day-break. Another Austrian
column then marched upon the battery at Rivoli; in less than an hour
this was defeated and driven back by Massena, when a third came to its
aid, and would have thrown itself upon the battery, but the French
artillery slaughtered all who came within gun-shot. The cavalry then
charged with daring intrepidity, and the enemy were driven to the edge
of the precipice, and rolled into the ravine below. Whilst this took
place a fourth column arrived at the place to which it had been
directed, on the heights of Pipoto, hoping to turn the French flank; but
it was too late; it came just in time to see the destruction of the
other divisions, and to foresee the fate which awaited itself. Seven
thousand prisoners were taken, with twelve pieces of cannon, and a few
ensigns. In the course of the day Napoleon was frequently surrounded by
the enemy, and had several horses killed under him. In consideration of
services performed on this occasion, Massena had the title of _Duc de
Rivoli_ conferred upon him.

[Illustration: THE BATTLE OF RIVOLI.]




NAPOLEON AT LONATO.


After Lonato had been taken by the Austrians, and again re-taken by
Napoleon, August, 1796, five thousand Austrians deserted; when, learning
that there were only 1200 French soldiers at Lonato, they marched toward
that place, in the hope of clearing a road to the Nuncio. When near
Lonato they sent to demand the surrender of the city. At that moment
Napoleon arrived from Castiglione, when he ordered the messenger to be
brought before him. “Go, tell your general,” said Napoleon, “that he is
in the midst of the French army. I give him eight minutes to surrender;
after that he has nothing to hope for!” Harassed and fatigued, not
knowing which way to turn, these 5,000 men laid down their arms at his
command.

[Illustration: NAPOLEON AT LONATO.]




DEFENDING THE REDOUBT OF MONTE LEGINO.


When Napoleon took command of the army of Italy, it was in a state of
absolute destitution.

Napoleon arrived at Nice, reviewed the troops, and said, “Soldiers, you
are badly equipped; you require many necessaries, but our government is
not able to supply them. Your patience and the courage you have shown in
the midst of these sterile rocks, are worthy of admiration; but here you
gain no glory. I will conduct you into the more fertile plains, rich
provinces and great cities shall be in our power, and you will have
riches, honor, and glory!”

This proclamation was received with loud acclamations, and the army
moved onward.

On the 10th of April, 1796, the central division of the enemy’s forces,
commanded by General Argentan, had taken its position before the
redoubts of Monte Legino, which were defended by Colonel Rampon. During
the night the republican troops completely surrounded Argentan. Rampon,
with his regiment, and Laharpe attacked him in front; while Massena and
Augereau attacked him in the rear and in the flanks. The rout was
complete, and the French made their entry into Piedmont.

[Illustration: DEFENDING THE REDOUBT OF MONTE LEGINO.]




THE PRELIMINARIES OF THE PEACE OF LEOBEN.


Some hours after receiving despatches from the Directory, Napoleon wrote
to the Archduke Charles to make overtures of peace to him; the Archduke
immediately answered that he would learn the opinion of his Court,
having no power to treat alone.

At last, on the 7th of April, 1797, the head-quarters were fixed at
Leoben, when Generals Bellegarde and Merfield presented themselves to
demand an armistice of ten days, previous to making a definitive peace.
The armistice was signed the same evening, but the French agreed to five
days only. The Austrian plenipotentiaries arrived at Leoben on the 13th
of April, and the preliminaries were signed on the 18th.

The scene in the picture is in a pavillion of the Bishop’s palace in the
midst of a garden. The French general is saying to the Austrian envoys:
“If we are not agreed upon that point, I continue my march, and behold
the road to victory!”

The picture contains some historical portraits; among others, Lavalette,
aide-de-camp to Napoleon, who wrote under the dictation of his general;
to the left of Lavalette are Louis Buonaparte and Eugene Beauharnais,
leaning his head on the future king of Holland. There are also portraits
of Berthier, Massena, Augereau, and Murat, then inseparable associates
of Napoleon.

[Illustration: PRELIMINARIES OF THE PEACE OF LEOBEN.]




CROSSING THE BRIDGE OF ARCOLA.


The marsh of Arcola is crossed by three causeways,--each of which was
occupied by a French column. Alvinzi, supposing them only a few light
troops, contented himself by ordering two small divisions to disperse
them; these were checked and nearly routed by the strong columns of
infantry to which they unexpectedly found themselves opposed. It was
necessary that Arcola, which was defended by two battalions of Croates
should be taken, in order to gain the bridge of Villeneuve, which was
the only retreat of Alvinzi. The fire continuing unabated, Napoleon,
determined on making a last effort, seized an ensign and planted it on
the bridge with his own hand. He had advanced his column to the centre
of the bridge, when a fresh body of Austrians arrived and commenced a
sharp fire on his flank, which compelled those in the rear to retire.
The grenadiers at the head of the column, finding themselves abandoned
by their comrades, gave way; but not willing to lose their general, bore
him in their arms through the midst of the dead and the dying. In the
confusion he was precipitated into the marsh, where he lay surrounded
by his enemies, and would probably have been taken prisoner had
not the grenadiers, perceiving his danger, raised the cry,
“Forward--forward--save the general!” At this the troops returned to the
charge, and finally drove the Austrians out of the village. Nov. 1796.

[Illustration: CROSSING THE BRIDGE AT ARCOLA.]




THE CISALPINE REPUBLIC.


The independence of the Cisalpine Republic was declared on the 29th of
June, 1797. A general federation of the national guards and of the
authorities of the new Republic was held in the Lazaretto of Milan. On
the 14th of July, thirty thousand of the national guard and deputies
from the departments swore fealty to the new Commonwealth.

The Cisalpine Directory named its own ministers, the administrative
authorities, and governed the Republic as an independent State. The keys
of Milan, and of all the fortified places were duly remitted by the
French to the Cisalpine officers, and the army quitted the States of the
Republic and were cantoned upon the Venetian territory.

Napoleon, after the treaty of Campo Formio, returned to Milan to
complete the organization of this new State, and the administrative
measures of its army. He bade adieu to the Italian people in an address,
wherein he told them, that they were the first who had ever acquired
liberty without a revolution. “_We_ have given liberty