Ganesh Chaturthi
ganesh chaturthi iso gaṇeśa caturthī also known vinayaka chaturthi vināyaka caturthī vinayaka chavithi vināyaka cavithī vinayagar chaturthi vināyagar caturthī hindu festival birthday hindu deity lord ganesh festival marked installation lord ganesha murtis devotional representation deity privately home publicly elaborate pandals temporary stage observance include chanting vedic hymn hindu text prayer vrata fasting offering prasada daily prayer distributed pandal community include sweet modak believed favourite lord ganesha festival end tenth day start murti carried public procession music group chanting immersed nearby body water river sea called visarjana day ananta chaturdashi mumbai alone around murtis immersed annually festival celebrates ganesha god new beginning remover obstacle well god wisdom intelligence observed throughout indian subcontinent hindu especially state maharashtra madhya pradesh karnataka odisha telangana andhra pradesh tamil nadu goa well nepal ganesh chaturthi also observed hindu diaspora elsewhere australia new zealand canada singapore malaysia sri lanka trinidad tobago guyana suriname part caribbean fiji mauritius south africa united state europe gregorian calendar ganesh chaturthi fall august september every year although origin ganesh chaturthi remains unknown became increasingly popular public celebration initiated prominent anticolonial freedom fighter lokamanya bal gangadhar tilak maharashtra year mean form hindu nationalist identity rebel british rule reading text feasting athletic martial art competition held public venue though alluding classical form ganapati earliest mention ganapati found rigveda appears twice rigveda shloka well shloka shlokas imply role ganapati seer among seer abounding beyond measure food presiding among elder lord invocation shloka mandala state without ganapati nothing nearby afar performed without according michael however uncertain vedic term ganapati literally mean guardian multitude referred specifically later era ganesh vedic text mention ganesh chaturthi appears postvedic text grhya sutra thereafter ancient sanskrit text vajasaneyi samhita yajnavalkya smriti mahabharata mention ganapati ganesvaras vinayak ganesh appears medieval purana form god success obstacle remover skanda purana narada purana brahma vaivarta purana particular profusely praise beyond textual interpretation archaeological epigraphical evidence suggest ganesha become popular revered th century ce numerous image traceable th century earlier example carving hindu buddhist jain temple ellora cave dated th thcentury show ganesha reverentially seated major hindu goddess shakti although unknown ganesh chaturthi first observed festival publicly celebrated pune since era king shivaji – founder maratha empire peshwa th century devotee ganesha started public ganesh festival capital city pune month bhadrapad start british raj ganesh festival lost state patronage became private family celebration maharashtra revival indian freedom fighter social reformer lokmanya tilak indian freedom fighter lokmanya tilak championed mean circumvent colonial british government ban hindu gathering antipublic assembly legislation lokmanya tilak started festival pune girgaon mumbai followed greatest curiosity crowd carried procession infinite number idol god ganesh little quarter town family adherent little street corner may almost say organizes procession poorest may seen carrying simple plank little idol paper mâché crowd less numerous accompanies idol clapping hand raise cry joy little orchestra generally precedes idol– angelo de gubernatis bombay gazette according others kaur festival became public event later bhausaheb laxman javale also known bhau rangari installed first sarvajanik public ganesha idol pune indian freedom fighter lokmanya tilak praised celebration sarvajanik ganesh utsav newspaper kesari dedicated effort launch annual domestic festival large wellorganised public event tilak recognised ganesh appeal god everybody according robert brown chose ganesha god bridged gap brahmin nonbrahmins thereby building grassroots unity across oppose british colonial rule scholar state british empire fear seditious assembly passed series ordinance banned public assembly social political purpose people british india exempted religious assembly friday mosque prayer pressure indian muslim community tilak believed effectively blocked public assembly hindu whose religion mandate daily prayer weekly gathering leveraged religious exemption make ganesh chaturthi circumvent british colonial law large public assembly first install large public image ganesha pavilion bombay presidency celebratory event festival according richard cashman tilak recruited passionately committed god ganesha hindumuslim communal violence bombay deccan riot felt british india government lord harris repeatedly taken side treated hindu fairly hindu well organised tilaks estimate ganesha worship procession already popular rural urban hindu population across social caste class baroda gwalior pune maratha region th century tilak helped expand ganesh chaturthi festival mass community event hidden mean political activism intellectual discourse poetry recital play concert folk dance goa ganesh chaturthi predates kadamba era goa inquisition banned hindu festival hindu convert christianity severely restricted however hindu goans continued practice religion despite restriction many family worship ganesha form patri leaf used worshiping ganesha god picture drawn paper small silver idol household ganesha idol hidden feature unique ganesh chaturthi goa due ban clay ganesha idol festival jesuit part inquisition india ganesh chaturthi primarily celebrated home public local community group central western state maharashtra madhya pradesh gujarat rajasthan goa southern state karnataka andhra pradesh telangana tamil nadu eastern state west bengal odisha north eastern state assam day chaurchan festival celebrated mithila region bihar related ganesha chandra moon god date festival usually decided presence chaturthi thithi festival held bhadrapada madyahanaa purvabaddha chaturthi thiti begin night previous day get morning next day next day observed vinayaka chaturthi consecration ceremony priest performs prana pratishtha invite ganesh like guest followed step shodashopachara ritual sanskrit shodash upachara process coconut jaggery modaks durva grass red hibiscus jaswand flower offered idol depending region time zone ceremony commences hymn rigveda ganapati atharvashirsa upanishad ganesh stotra prayer narada purana chanted maharashtra well goa aarti performed friend family typically morning evening preparation festival artisan create clay model ganesha sale image murtis range size mm ⁄ home ft large community celebration last day festival tradition ganesh visarjan nimajjanam lit immersion take place ganesha image immersed river sea water body last day devotee come procession carrying idol ganesha culminating immersion believed god come earthly realm ganesh chaturthi return celestial abode immersion celebration ganesh chaturthi also denotes significance cycle birth life death believed idol ganesha taken immersion also take away various obstacle house obstacle destroyed along immersion every year people wait great anticipation celebrate festival ganesh chaturthi maharashtra ganesh chaturthi known ganeshotsav family install small clay murtis worship festival home festival preparation includes purchase puja item accessory day advance booking ganesh murti early month beforehand local artisan murti brought home either day day ganesh chaturthi family decorate small clean portion house flower colourful item installing idol murti installed shrine decorated flower material day festival ceremonial installation clay murti idol done along chant holy mantra puja including bhajans certain auspicious period day murti worshipped morning evening offering flower durva strand young grass karanji modaks jaggery coconut flake wrapped rice flour dumpling worship end singing aarti honour ganesh god saint maharashtra marathi aarti sukhakarta dukhaharta composed thcentury saint samarth ramdas sung family tradition differ end celebration domestic celebration end ⁄ day time murti ceremoniously brought body water lake river sea immersion maharashtra ganeshotsav also incorporates festival namely hartalika gauri festival former observed fast woman day ganesh chaturthi whilst latter installation murtis gauri community chitpavan ckp pebble collected river bank installed representation gauri goa ganesh chaturthi known chavath konkani parab parva auspicious celebration begin third day lunar month bhadrapada day parvati shiva worshipped woman fast instrument ghumots crash cymbal ताळtaal konkani pakhavaj indian barrelshaped twoheaded drum played ritual harvest festival navyachi pancham celebrated next day freshly harvested paddy brought home field temple puja conducted community ordinarily eat seafood refrain festival karnataka gowri festival precedes ganesh chaturthi people across state wish well andhra pradesh ganesh murtis clay matti vinayakudu turmeric siddhi vinayakudu usually worshipped home plaster paris murtis public celebration festival popular organized local youth group neighborhood association group tradespeople fund public festival collected member association arranging celebration local resident business ganesh idol accompanying musti installed temporary shelter known mandaps pandals public preparation begin month advance making murti maharashtra usually begin padya pooja worshipping foot ganesh murtis brought pandals day day festival begin pandals elaborate decoration lighting festival feature cultural activity singing theatre orchestral performance community activity free medical checkup blooddonation site donation poor ganesh chaturthi addition religious aspect important economic activity mumbai pune nagpur nashik kolhapur aurangabad indore surat hyderabad visakhapatnam bangalore chennai kurnool many artist industry business earn significant amount living festival stage budding artist member religion also participate celebration tamil nadu festival also known vinayaka chaturthi pillayar chaturthi fall fourth day new moon month āvaṇi tamil calendar idol usually made clay papiermâché since plaster paris idol banned state government violation rule often reported idol also made coconut organic product worshipped several day pandals immersed bay bengal following sunday kerala festival also known lamboodhara piranalu fall month chingam thiruvananthapuram procession march pazhavangadi ganapathi temple shankumugham beach tall murti ganesha made organic item milk immersed sea varasidhi vinayaka swamy temple kanipakam andhra pradesh annual brahmotsavams celebrated day starting vinayaka chavithi day processional deity vinayaka ganesh taken procession different vahanams day amidst large number pilgrim across country pakistan ganesh chaturthi celebration conducted shri maharashtra panchayat organisation maharashtrians karachi ganesh chaturthi celebrated uk british hindu population living hindu culture heritage society southallbased organisation celebrated ganesh chaturthi first time london vishwa hindu temple idol immersed river thames putney pier another celebration organised gujarati group celebrated southendonsea attracted estimated devotee annual celebration also held river mersey liverpool north sea clactononsea caldecotte lake milton keynes philadelphia ganesh festival one popular celebration ganesh chaturthi north america also celebrated canada particularly toronto area detroit metropolitan areawayne state university mauritius malaysia singapore mauritius festival date back mauritian government made public holiday malaysia singapore festival commonly known vinayagar chaturthi large tamilspeaking hindu minority ghana ethnic african hindu celebrate ganesh chaturthi primary sweet dish festival modak modak marathi konkani modakam kudumu telugu modaka kadubu kannada kozhakatta modakkam malayalam kozhukattai modagam tamil modak dumpling made rice wheat flour stuffed grated coconut jaggery dried fruit condiment steamed fried another popular sweet dish karanji karjikai kannada similar modak composition taste semicircular shape sweet meal called nevri goa synonymous ganesh festival amongst goans konkani diaspora andhra pradesh telangana modak laddu vundrallu steamed coarsely ground riceflour ball panakam jaggery black pepper cardamomflavoured drink vadapappu soaked moong lentil chalividi cooked rice flour jaggery mixture offered ganesh offering known naivedya plate modak traditionally hold piece sweet goa modak goan version idli sanna popular panchakajjaya offering made lord ganesh festival part karnataka mixture desiccated coconut roasted bengal gram powder sugar ghee sesame different version panchakajjaya made roasted bengal gram green gram roasted chana dal putani aval used madras high court ruled immersion ganesh idol unlawful incorporates chemical pollute sea water goa sale plasterofparis ganesha idol banned state government celebrant encouraged buy traditional artisanmade clay idol recent initiative produce traditional clay ganesh idol hyderabad sponsored andhra pradesh pollution control board environmental concern also making people gujarat opt ganesh idol made mixture cow dung clay marketed vedic ganesh idol organization making due environmental concern number family avoid body water let clay murtis disintegrate barrel water home day clay spread garden city public ecofriendly process used immersion cultural depiction elephant plague india getty alice gaṇeśa monograph elephantfaced god reprint ed oxford clarendon press isbn grime john ganapati song self suny series religious study albany state university new york press isbn hera h problem ganapati delhi indological book house michael origin ganapati cult pdf asian folklore study – doi jstor alternate link medium related 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