Careto
careto tradition folk ritual practice trásosmontes e alto douro region portugal believed prehistoric root celtic tradition careto masked character garbed colorful fringe noisemaking rattle part observance entrudo marking end winter season careto tradition among oldest continually practiced portugal currently integrated carnival festivity careto tradition survived bragança district particularly village podence macedo de cavaleiros vila boa de ousilhão vinhais varge aveleda among others careto ritual practiced village lazarim lamego viseu district may later origin caretos tradition thought celtic root preroman period probably related existence gallaeci bracari people galicia northern portugal origin masked people linked cult ancestor considered privileged holder power essential base individual survival physical mental plane ensuring fertility field fecundity men animal maintenance civic law moral origin modeled established masked assumes central character around festive action unfolds playing varied role depending tradition ritual place mask element temporally spatially know enormous representation universalism material testimony human culture equal world god dead temporarily established among men embodies principle game life solstice rite masked men celebrate twelveday cycle first christmas santo estêvão – winter solstice second moment carnival coming sequentially first symbolic rite similar way moving celebration solstice vernal equinox masquerade party rite deepest esotericism symbolism resisted passage time still much alive culture people nordeste transmontano region costume careto rule made homemade quilt decorated red wool weave consisting hooded jacket trouser covered thick fringe coloured wool recently use overall covered fringed row fabric bright contrasting colour red yellow green caretos wear mask made brass leather wood painted vivid colour red yellow black salient nose region suit completed cattle collar equipped bell worn shoulder wide belt string rattle “rattle” woman provocative attitude obscure sense fertility lazarim mask made alder wood decorated horn accessory caretos party part ageold tradition celebrated portugal shrovetide trásosmontes celebrated several village municipality vinhais bragança macedo de cavaleiros especially podence vimioso alto douro lazarim municipality lamego winter sunset festive season begin region trásosmontes go carnival full moment fun stir street city village time celebration symbolizes rejuvenation beginning new cycle nature social life large part festivity still exist small town portugal spain particularly popular period known “cycle days” run christmas epiphany twelfth day festivity young people similar happened civilization antiquity show evidence able take active role life community inserted since among elderly child strongest element thus celebration also manifestation social cohesion feast boy also called feast santo estêvão probably important tradition originates ancient ritual passage adolescence adulthood early morning boy parade street typical colorful costume caretos provoking rattling interacting population great revelry also feast king epiphany despite associated birth jesus christ continues many village celebrated presence masked boy shrovetide chocalheiro pinnacle irreverent manifestation time allowed also constitute attraction make news area region day masked figure death devil censorship take street committing diverse misdeed shrove tuesday prior sunday day caretos active appear group every corner village running shouting excitedly frightening people “robbing” winery main target masquerade group single young woman make climb top wall veranda little throughout region trásosmontes alto douro time celebration announced sound bagpipe round time procession loas community meal collection scholar associate careto tradition memory magical practice related agrarian fertility cult facanito child disguise “careto” try imitate caretos merrymaking fulfilling initiation ritual ensuring continuity tradition middle age trásosmontes referred little devil feed ground steel miranda douro name given man small stature provocative air also name given mythological small restless winter festivity carnival podence unesco intangible cultural heritage humanity caretos tradition article josé paulo carvalho pereira aziboorg february university louisville department anthropology carnival podence portuguese endless energy caretos portuguese