1988 Summer Paralympics
summer paralympics korean 년 하계 패럴림픽 rr cheon gubaek palsippal nyeon hagye paereollimpik first paralympics year take place city olympic game took place seoul south korea first time term paralympic used officially fourth meeting international paralympic committee held aylesbury civic center england july two candidate city made known seoul south korea initiative dr whang youn dai melbourne australia initiative dr john grant icc sent questionnaire gauge city interest preparedness hosting event candidate given one year respond end seoul returned completed document melbourne respond icc time internal political movement australia brisbane bid summer olympics possibility city could also host summer paralympic game raised practically nullified move melbourne bid event final choice would made sixth meeting icc scheduled june new york city seoul acclaimed host unified paralympics olympic paralympic game first hosted city since summer paralympics proposal summer olympic paralympic game could held city using facility allowed new generation rising generation paralympic athlete compete many olympic venue something never held starting edition host country result shown importance assistance athlete seoul paralympic organizing committee sepoc tangential relationship seoul olympic organizing committee slooc relationship substantial enough recruit train many athlete technical official common area paralympic game first time history since tokyo city held olympics paralympics tradition revived seoul kept ever since also first summer paralympics history aegis international coordinating committee icc olympic family accepted icc member allowed greater cooperation national paralympic committee regarding organization paralympic game first approach help ioc seoul olympic organizing committee slooc understood paralympic game extension olympic game formulated support plan allowed sharing seoul olympic human resource manager volunteer logistics security protocol public international relation entry exit visa korea facility equipment slooc gave subsidy u summer olympic game local citizen bought apartment building olympic village due high local demand complex hastily evicted seoul authority middle many controversy eviction poor lowincome neighborhood human right monitor raised concern associated hosting asian game summer olympic game action clean redevelop beautify city especially decadent historical jamsil area despite construction gigantic building complex accommodate people new housing offer unconceived evicted – namely lowincome poor renter situation turned public result scholar policymakers lawyer advocated better social housing policy including minimum housing standard higher degree transparency city government consequently enough time convert apartment facility better condition accessibility another difficult situation transition time two event insufficient opening ceremony scheduled october afternoon day end olympic game thus government south korea prefecture seoul understood new specific demand need building specific paralympic village necessary complex km intersection seoul olympic park jamsil complex cluster first housing complex asian continent fully accessible people disability athlete lived ten specially designed accessible apartment block new apartment total building height fourteen story delegation composed architect sent seoul government south korea visited stoke mandeville hospital research accessibility hospital also collect information complex design project build specific village due specific characteristic would first time history village paralympic game built since foreseen bidding process sepoc made plan use village venue icc saw seoul paralympics village plan controversial point one point caused concern three ten building would exclusive wheelchair user entity never managed complex large proportion question asked wheelchair user evacuated building case internal commotion fire water leak answer architect planner simple addition elevator building planned complex ramp would go fourteenth floor process would faster safer service available olympic village replicated smaller scale sepoc offered catering recreation area banking post office facility medical religious center olympicparalympic store mall seoul paralympic game also first time olympics paralympics shared competition venue common area event since every winter summer paralympic game held city olympic game game ended logo used seoul paralympic organizing committee sepoc turned first paralympic symbol symbol used five teardrop resembling half taeguk pattern also found south korean flag w configuration color olympic ring represented five ocean five continent due many controversy starting symbol eventually changed winter paralympics considered close international olympic committee ioc ring emblem due action seoul summer paralympic game considered start modern paralympic game according korean ancestral culture bear known courage wisdom reflected existence two sister constellation ursa major ursa minor two bear chosen mascot specie known asian black bear practice common korean peninsula marked white vshaped chest mark two chosen mascot brother tied rope leg demonstrates brotherhood guidance coherent coexistent cooperation relationship olympic paralympic game would dreamt organizing committee edition paralympics also represented achievement camaraderie recorded event name chosen mascot gomdoori opening ceremony people olympic stadium watching enter thenrecord competitor nation president south korea roh taewoo presented new paralympic flag president icc jens bromann paul croft competing second paralympic game flag bearer australia several element segment used opening closing ceremony olympic game reenacted adapted ceremony interspersed specific act first entry made parachutist paralympic color blue black red yellow green swept olympic stadium following procession child wheelchair paralympic torch carried onelegged south korean paralympic volleyball player handed yearold athlete cerebral palsy turn passed cho hyunhui wheelchair athlete wheeled around stadium yearold daughter handing torch blind runner lee jaeoon linked hand womens handball olympic gold medalist kiifi hyunmi carried elevator platform light olympic cauldron winter paralympics opening ceremony also held south korea recreated scene chief paralympic organiser koh kwinam addressed athlete said goal athlete try reach game accomplish olympic slogan faster higher stronger show world real self courageous challenger glorious conqueror impartial participant concern number medal awarded final day competition would mean competitor would able attend closing ceremony doubt also existed regarding whether spanish flag anthem would present protocol part ceremony certain next edition would barcelona host city contract official document yet signed spanish authority however sign goodwill openness organizing committee summer olympics sent delegation observer confirmed intention sending director institutional relation receive paralympic flag closing ceremony hostcity contract summer paralympics signed next year similarly opening ceremony several cultural element olympic counterpart represented adapted specific addition despite advance seoul paralympic game also took place several controversy embarrassment polemic first one men goalball tournament draw placed team iran israel group middle protest refusal iranian goalball team disqualified refusing play israeli first round summary elimination iranian team argued icc ground sport misused political cause breaking neutrality sending team home immediately asghar dadkhan iranian team manager made formal apology pledging iranian athlete would compete full regard regulation would compete israel nation due logistic problem libyan delegation arrived seoul game icc rule allow situation athlete could register event stay paralympic village entered south korea without gone usual entry procedure sepoc urged icc accept libyan team soon reached compromise permitting athlete delegate participate observer compete marathon event however would medal official result officially recognized closing ceremony another embarrassing moment happened athletics slalom event athlete given medal end first round later official realized medal awarded second round competition slalom event dropped paralympics since game consisted event seventeen sport including one demonstration sport medal count official medal list powerlifting weightlifting considered single sport archery athletics boccia cycling football aside goalball judo lawn bowl lifting powerlifting weightlifting shooting snooker swimming table tennis volleyball wheelchair basketball wheelchair fencing wheelchair tennis demonstration sport top ten listed noc number gold medal listed host nation south korea highlighted sixty delegation took part seoul paralympics burma taken part previous game absent seoul paralympics occurred week uprising military coup brought state peace development council power burma would return myanmar soviet union made summer paralympic debut previously participating winter paralympics ussr first participation summer game also last union dissolved summer paralympics total medal gold country made first appearance bulgaria cyprus iran macau morocco oman philippine singapore tunisia summer olympics winter paralympics international paralympic committee