Feralia
ferālia ancient roman public festival celebrating mane roman spirit dead particularly soul deceased individual fell february recorded ovid book ii fasti day marked end parentalia nineday festival – february honoring dead ancestor roman citizen instructed bring offering tomb dead ancestor consisted least arrangement wreath sprinkling grain bit salt bread soaked wine violet scattered additional offering permitted however dead appeased aforementioned simple offering dead perhaps introduced latium aeneas poured wine scattered violet flower father anchises tomb ovid tell time roman midst war neglected feralia prompted spirit departed rise graf anger howling roaming street event tribute tomb made ghastly hauntings ceased indicate public mourning marriage kind prohibited feralia ovid urged mother bride widow refrain lighting wedding torch magistrate stopped wearing insignia worship god prohibited hidden behind closed temple door incense altar fire hearth concern public rite nothing survives however day described ovid old drunken woman anus ebria sits circle girl performing rite name mute goddess tacita identified nymph lara larunda ritual consists old woman placing three bit incense three finger beneath threshold mouse unknowingly buried roll seven black bean mouth smear head fish pitch impaling bronze needle roasting fire formally declaims purpose action customary grecoroman magic ritual saying gagged spiteful tongue muzzled unfriendly mouth hostile lingua inimicaque uinximus os departs intoxicated use black bean old woman ritual may related rite lend another festival dead month may called lemuria lemuria dead ancestor spirit particularly unburied called lemures emerge graf visit home lived necessary confront unwelcome spirit lure one house using specific action chant according ovid includes involvement black bean lure spirit home washing householder hand clean spring water turn first receives black bean throw away face averted throw say cast bean redeem mine say nine time without looking back shade thought gather bean follow unseen behind touch water clash temesan bronze asks shade go house said nine time ghost father go forth look back think duly performed sacred rite perhaps black bean carried connotation warding away dispelling bad thing general whether unwelcome spirit haunting household seen lemuria preventing undesired gossip towards individual old hag ritual feralia also context sacrifice black bean similar black animal used sacrifice chthonic deity implied ovid choice word hostile lingua inimicaque os ritual intended curb gossip girl reputation gossip nature consequence subject cause ovid offer dea tacita festival held day feralia ovid tell story explain origin dea tacitia starting jupiter untamed lust nymph juturna juturna aware jupiter lust hid within hazelwood forest dove sister water jupiter gathered nymph latium seeking help capturing juturna saying sister spiting shunning advantage entanglement highest god look u great pleasure sister great interest block flees bank river keep jumping water one informed nymph lara would hold tongue warned juturna flee addition approached jupiter wife juno saying husband love naiad juturna result jupiter rip laras tongue anger summons mercury escort nymph underworld mission mercury becomes lustful lara copulates begetting twin twin become lares guardian intersection watch city rome anthesteria lemuria festival parentalia similar observance culture soul day bon japanese buddhism day dead mexican hungry ghost festival chinese qingming chinese antoni silke kiel tacita brill new pauly antiquity volume edited hubert cancik helmuth schneider brill brill online university california uc santa barbara cdl july brill new pauly tacita article baudy gerhard konstanz parentalia brill new pauly antiquity volume edited hubert cancik helmuth schneider brill brill online university california uc santa barbara cdl july brill new pauly parentalia article cokayne karen p experiencing old age ancient rome routledge found google book dumézil george archaic roman religion vol chicago london university chicago press vols littlewood j r ovid among family dead roman founder legend augustan iconography void feralia lemuria latomus – ovid ovid fasti trans betty rose nagle indianapolis indiana university press prescendi francesca genf mane di brill new pauly antiquity volume edited hubert cancik helmuth schneider brill brill online university california uc santa barbara cdl july brill new pauly di mane article slu von lieven alexandra berlin prayon friedhelm tübingen johnston sarah iles princeton doubordieu annie paris jastrzebowska elisabeth dead cult brill new pauly antiquity volume edited hubert cancik helmuth schneider brill brill online university california uc santa barbara cdl july brill new pauly cult dead article