1980 Winter Olympics
winter olympics officially xiii olympic winter game also known lake placid international multisport event held february lake placid new york united state lake placid elected host city winter game th international olympic committee ioc session vienna austria marked second time upstate new york village hosted winter game candidate city bid game vancouvergaribaldi withdrew final vote second two consecutive olympic game held north america following summer olympics montreal quebec canada venue game renovated use game event held olympic center whiteface mountain mt van hoevenberg olympic bobsled run olympic ski jump cascade cross country ski center lake placid high school speed skating oval game success term sport organization criticized numerous transport problem game last take place city less inhabitant lake placid winter olympics brought together athlete country take part six sport discipline comprising total official event one people republic china cyprus costa rica participated winter olympic game first time american speed skater eric heiden set record medal athlete one edition winter olympic game medaled five speed skating event olympic ice hockey tournament saw young american team defeat heavily favored soviet professional became known miracle ice way gold medal discipline soviet nikolaj zimjatov three gold medal crosscountry skiing liechtenstein skier hanni wenzel country first two gold medal alpine skiing soviet union finished first medal standing ten gold medal east germany medal overall united state third count lake placid hosted olympic winter game community continued bid upcoming edition game submitting seven total bid attempt including three supported united state olympic committee presented international olympic committee bid attempt failed either due falling short gaining support national level ioc vote denver withdrew selected host winter game usoc initially supported salt lake city replace denver january salt lake city bid collapsed due unsecured financial backing discontent utah resident lake placid organizer submitted late bid host game ioc february support usoc ioc selected innsbruck austria host game place denver lake placid finishing runnerup ioc president lord killanin later stated member ioc executive favored austrian bid way make peace people austria decision declare austrian skiing star karl schranz ineligible game professional athlete undeterred lake placid resubmitted material bid winter game secured support united state olympic committee november made official bid september united state olympic committee embarrassed denver withdrawal required lake placids bid widely supported resident government lake placid satisfied usoc requirement referendum held october garnering per cent support hosting game joint resolution new york legislature joint resolution congress united state letter support governor new york president united state lake placid also secured support environmental group sierra club adirondack mountain club three city declared candidate winter game vancouver—garibaldi canada lahti finland chamonix france bid lahti chamonix withdrawn early bid process vancouver latter hosted game unable obtain support government british columbia withdrew candidacy october member ioc awarded winter game lake placid october th ioc session vienna lake placid game took place shadow cold war number complex international event occurring lead game november sixtytwo american taken hostage united state embassy tehran iranian militant situation would resolve game december soviet union began invasion afghanistan led united state president jimmy carter calling international boycott summer game moscow western government first considered idea boycotting moscow summer olympics response situation afghanistan december meeting nato representative idea completely new world mids proposal olympic boycott circulated widely among human right activist group sanction soviet violation human right time member government expressed interest proposal however idea gained popularity early january soviet nuclear scientist dissident andrei sakharov called boycott january carter administration joined sakharov appeal set deadline soviet union must pull afghanistan face consequence including international boycott game january canadian prime minister joe clark announced canada like u would boycott olympic game soviet force leave afghanistan february carter also proposed moving olympics greece permanent basis eliminate issue politicisation game hosting international olympic committee ioc rejected idea ultimately nation would boycott summer olympics impact lake placid game another ongoing international situation conflict people republic china taiwan taiwan competed name republic china national flag winter game october international olympic committee recognized olympic committee people republic china threat china withdraw game forced taiwan take name chinese taipei adopt new flag game decision appealed swiss court upheld january taiwanese delegation refused comply iocs decision arrived olympic village flag name refused entry taiwan team canceled participation game people republic china threatened withdraw taiwan participated name republic china took part first olympic game since first winter game history lake placid olympic organizing committee lpooc established notforprofit corporation december board director made people member executive board ron mackenzie instrumental developing region securing game chair organizing committee founded died december fourteen month start game j bernard fell chairman board director art devlin vicechairman lpoocs vision game simple game would return basic olympic movement budget winter olympic game grew initial projection u million total u million cost game financed three party federal government million state new york million organizing committee million study cost overrun olympic game oxford university researcher found lake placid winter olympic game largest cost overrun winter game per cent planned cost budget overrun attributed environmental protection measure additional work undertaken modernize existing facility overly optimistic cost estimate inflation game ended deficit million request fund authority refusal organizing committee saw option declare bankruptcy january governor new york announced remaining deficit would paid new york state construction financed federal government state new york total cost million including million olympic village million olympic center million alpine ski center whiteface mountain million facility mont van hoevenberg crosscountry skiing bobsleigh biathlon million ski jump million bobsled run additional cost included transport improvement totaling million extension electricity hydroelectric network million construction headquarters new york state police million addition million allocated security cost expense organizing committee mainly administrative totaling million press broadcasting center increasing cost game charge nepotism mismanagement resulted federal auditor investigating lpooc public question regarding accounting practice contract award resulted lpoocs marketing director replaced scrutiny came another director asked resign became public filed income tax number year company awarded food management contract game came federal investigation association organized crime revenue lpooc came primarily sponsorship contract signed company totaling around million cash good service sale broadcasting right totaling million included million donated ioc around ticket distributed winter olympic game ticket distribution public included different region united state canada country remainder distributed among sponsor supplier u olympic committee organizing committee authority donor authorized company kept reserve public price ticket ranged security lake placid winter game provided new york state police agency including federal bureau investigation organizing committee also hired private security company pinkerton national detective agency security headquarters located ray brook also site olympic village police officer trained hostage negotiation technique various sensor installed detect terrorist attack fourmeter double barrier erected surrounding olympic village lake placid winter game plagued transportation problem complicating planning operation game small mountain community accommodation resource handle expected spectator day accommodation within community reserved game official athlete family meaning spectator commuted much mile daily attend event anticipating challenge lpooc prohibited private car entering lake placid duration game instead lpooc provided car park shuttle system transport spectator competition venue hired taxi coach instead initially planned available athlete coach official vip first evidence game would plagued transportation issue came february preolympic ski jumping competition saw spectator create mile traffic jam game started inadequate transportation planning evident quickly american soviet athlete arrived late opening ceremony throughout game main street lake placid often blocked traffic jam journalist spectator athlete found long wait bus stop spectator often left stranded either missing event unable return home event five day governor new york hugh carey declared partial state emergency address issue lpooc attributed transportation challenge among thing lack communication transport company state emblem olympic winter game contains several symbol right part reminiscent mountain surrounding lake placid left part stylized ionic column refers ancient olympics indentation top column represents two basin symbolize two edition game organized lake placid game poster olympic ring overhang emblem notable highlight included united state men ice hockey team composed mostly collegiate player predicted advance beyond group play gold medal united state team – win veteran professional soviet team came game four consecutive olympic gold medal became known miracle ice american popular culture win captured heart american even though win finland secured gold medal eric heiden united state gold speed skating event setting four olympic record one world record process delivering american gold medal gold noted hockey team heiden became first person win five speed skating event first three win five gold medal individual event single game either summer winter still athlete win five gold medal one winter game sweden ingemar stenmark giant slalom slalom hanni wenzel womens giant slalom slalom making liechtenstein smallest country produce olympic champion ulrich wehling east germany irina rodnina ussr respective event third time wehling nordic combined rodnina pair figure skating aleksandr tikhonov ussr earned fourth straight gold medal part × km biathlon relay team nikolay zimyatov ussr earned three gold medal crosscountry skiing robin cousin gold great britain men single figure skating east germany medal overall fewer gold ussr possibly dramatic duel game sweden thomas wassberg edged finland juha mieto km crosscountry skiing second closest margin victory ever olympic crosscountry skiing although get medal people republic china entered olympic game first time ioc agreed designate republic china chinese taipei lake placid marked first use artificial snow olympic competition event contested sport discipline see medal winner ordered sport intervales skihill – nordic combined ski jumping ski jumping lake placid equestrian stadium – opening ceremony lake placid olympic sport complex cross country biathlon center – biathlon crosscountry skiing nordic combined crosscountry skiing mt van hoevenberg bob luge run – bobsleigh luge separate track olympic center – figure skating ice hockey closing ceremony james b sheffield speed skating oval – speed skating whiteface mountain – alpine skiing former rogers memorial hospital briefly used press headquarters site considered ideal available infrastructure winter olympics notably bobsleigh run existing facility meant olympics could staged reasonable budget limited environmental impact matter convenience either according lake placids congressman representative robert mcewen “it secret u america measure federal support given athlete communist country win medal improve country image abroad level unknown u america” told congress” would step right direction worthy investment american winter athletes” local olympic committee needed congressional approval funding build olympic village congress required use contract facility agreed olympic village would built accordance federal bureau prison need following olympic game repurposed federal correctional institution ray brook top ten nation medal winter game host nation united state noc participated cyprus made olympic debut game people republic china costa rica made winter olympic debut republic china refused attend summer game montreal winter game lake placid summer game moscow iocs recognition people republic china china request republic china compete chinese taipei prc hand returned olympics first time since made winter olympic debut however boycotting moscow summer olympics roni olympic mascot game created moss mascot racoon familiar animal mountainous region adirondacks lake placid situated name roni come word racoon iroquoian language native people region state new york lake placid chosen lake placid school child official theme song winter olympics give got american flugelhorn player chuck mangione performed song along song piña colada live closing ceremony hamilton philharmonic orchestra canada winter paralympics summer paralympics summer olympics olympic game held united state summer olympics – st louis summer olympics – los angeles winter olympics – lake placid winter olympics – squaw valley winter olympics – lake placid summer olympics – los angeles summer olympics – atlanta winter olympics – salt lake city summer olympics – los angeles winter olympics – salt lake city list ioc country code adirondack railway provided train service utica new york lake placid winter universiade note citation official report ed lewi associate inc xiii olympic winter game lake placid final report english french lake placid new york lake placid olympic organizing committee oclc lake placid winter olympic game bid committee lake placid united state candidate xiii winter olympic game international olympic committee oclc cite book c maint numeric name author list link work cited flyvbjerg bent stewart allison budzier alexander oxford olympics study cost cost overrun game ssrn electronic journal arxiv doissrn scid grün oskar taming giant project management multiorganization enterprise berlin springerverlag isbn mogore christian le jardins secret de jeanjacques rousseau great history olympic winter game french chambéry savoie france edition agraf isbn monnin éric de chamonix à sotchi un siècle dolympisme en hiver chamonix vancouver century olympism winter french paris isbn cite book c maint location missing publisher link vallet stéphane le jeux olympiques dhiver winter olympics french lyon la manufacture isbn wallechinsky david complete book winter olympics ed woodstock ny overlook press isbn wilson harold e lake placid findling john e pelle kimberly ed encyclopedia modern olympic movement westport conn greenwood press isbn lake placid olympicscom international olympic committee lake placid olympic regional development authority highlight u v ussr ice hockey match youtube personal travelogue game archived january wayback machine program lake placid winter olympics km men crosscountry skiing finish youtube