Teej
teej sanskrit तीज romanized tīja literally meaning third denoting third day new moon monsoon begin per hindu calendar combined name hindu festival primarily dedicated hindu deity mother goddess parvati male consort shiva mainly celebrated married woman unmarried girl mostly nepal north india wish long life husband future husband welcome arrival monsoon season singing swing dancing enjoyment prayer ritual often fasting teej generic name referring three type teej festival haryali teej third day new moon shravana month kajari teej day later hartalika teej another day later haryali teej literally meaning green teej also known sindhara teej chhoti teej shravana teej sawan teej fall third day new moon shravana month marking day shiva consented goddess parvati wish marry celebrated married woman visit parental home prepare swing swing sing happy teej song kajari teej literally meaning dark teej also known badi teej celebrated day haryali teej dark waxing crescent phase moon hartalika teej literally composite word harat aalika meaning woman kidnap consent female friend fall one lunar month haryali teej third day new moon month bhadrapada usually fall day ganesh chaturthi mark occasion parvati encouraged friend kidnap escape marriage vishnu father himalaya wanted gave hand marriage celebrated married woman observe nirjala vrata waterless fast long life husband teej refers third day fall every month new moon amavasya third day full moon night every lunar month according kumar kajari teej hartalika teej fall bhadrapada festival celebrate bounty nature arrival cloud rain greenery bird social activity ritual custom festival woman include dancing singing getting together friend telling story dressing hennacoloured hand foot wearing red green orange clothes sharing festive food playing tree swing haryali teej monsoon festival rajasthan dedicated parvati haryali teej lit green teej celebrated third day new moon month shraavanasawan hindu calendar shraavana fall monsoon rainy season surroundings become green shraavana teej also called hariyali teej hariyali teej festival also celebrated remember reunion shiva parvati day shiva accepted parvati wife parvati fasted austere many year accepted shiva wife th birth parvati also known teej mata lit teej mother teej married daughter receive gift mother clothes bangle bindi mehandi etc ghevar special sweet given day gift known sindhara according bhatnager sindhara derived sanskrit word sringar mean decoration woman charming beauty haryali teej celebrated punjab haryana rajasthan festival also celebrated chandigarh chandigarh chandigarh administration make special arrangement teej celebration rock garden city school child present play cultural program day female member family especially daughter given gift dress haryana haryali teej one famous festival haryana celebrated official holiday many function organised government haryana celebrate festival welcome rainy season boy traditionally flew kite morning evening though tradition losing charm big city due high rise building lack terrace space swing set open courtyard tree season girl apply henna hand foot excused household chore day teej girl often receive new clothes parent teej karva chauth mother sends baya gift puja performed morning baya consists variety foodstuff placed thaali place worship chowk square decorated idol picture parvati installed evening set aside folk singing dancing including womens prayer husband longevity family punjab teej known teeyan punjab seen seasonal festival dedicated onset monsoon festival celebrated woman faith last third day bright half lunar month sawan per bikrami calendar punjabi calendar full moon sawan day teeyan involves woman getting together performing gidda married woman visiting family receiving gift also traditional woman ride swing fair organised school college dance competition held teeyan festival girl play swing set tree open courtyard teeyan family member give gift typically new clothes accessory girl woman sweet prepared especially ghevar part punjab rajasthan teej welcome monsoon observed month shravan julyaugust monsoon rain fall parched land pleasing scent wet soil rise air swing hung tree woman dressed green clothes sing song celebration advent monsoon festival dedicated parvati commemorating union shiva parvati worshipped seeker conjugal bliss happiness elaborate procession taken jaipur two continuous day festive occasion watched people large number teej idol covered canopy whereas gangaur idol open traditional ghevar sweet also associated festival teej parvati worshiped day haryali teej celebrated sinjara wherein woman put mehndi hand foot kajari teej celebrated bikrami lunar month bhadrapada third day dark fortnight bhadrapada kajari teej also called boorhi teej rajasthan kajari teej called badi teej lit bigger teej follows haryali teej known chhoti teej lit smaller teej woman uttar pradesh pray shiva kajari teej also customary sing folk song known kajris focus lyric usually separation expressing pining woman beloved parent home sent celebrate teej waiting anticipation collected brother celebrate teej kajri folk song composed sung region eastern uttar pradesh bihar part madhya pradesh rajasthan woman observe kajari teej fast go without food water kajari teej associated closely kajali teej also involves praying moon fast broken eating sattu focus day pray neem tree fair named kajali teej mela held bundi rajasthan celebrate kajari teej hartalika combination sanskrit word harit aalika mean abduction female friend respectively according legend hartalika teej parvati incarnated shailaputri third day bright half bhadrapada parvati made shiva lingam sand silt ganga prayed shiva impressed gave word marry parvati eventually parvati united shiva married father blessing since day referred hartalika teej parvati female aalika friend abduct harit order goddess achieve goal marrying shiva accordingly hartalika teej seen major festival celebrated third day bright half indiannorth nepali lunar month bhadrapada festival woman feasting evening hartalika teej praying parvati shiva remembering wedding staying night listening prayer fast also called nishivasar nirjala vrat commences evening hartalika teej broken next day full day observance involves woman even drinking water focus praying parvati shiva desired worshipped name hartalika main area celebration rajasthan bihar uttar pradesh uttarakhand rajasthan idol parvati taken procession street accompanied singing music hartalika teej also spread part madhya pradesh chhattisgarh maharashtra hartalika teej also known hartalika tritiya vrat celebrated similar manner like northern india observed married woman welfare health long life husband happy married life unmarried girl blessed good husband nirjala vrat fast one half day woman sola shrungar apply mehndi wear new red green sari observe fast make idol shiva gauri sakhi ganesha clay river sand read katha bhajan sangeet pooja night well open vrat second day auspicious vrat woman india worship goddess parvati form gauri along shiva parivar biharmarried woman keep nirjala upvas whole day teej deck shringaars like aalta mehndi etc evening woman get decked heavy saree gold jewellerytheir wedding chunris traditional orange sindoor tip nose many home tradition wear wedding banarasi saree eve teejthey make worship small clay idol shiva gauri ganesh kartikeya offer flower garland fruit sweet item shringaar maa parvati recite listen hartālikā teej katha offer reverence deity early next morningbefore sunrise woman get ready worship idol finally conclude fast idol later immersed holy water body bihar traditional delicacy thekua pidakia etc prepared offering traditional folk song sung woman adorn sindoor wedding sinhora akha teej also called akshaya tritiya fall third day full moon month vaisakha auspicious day birthday parashurama sixth incarnation vishnu day vyasa ganesha began write mahabharata jains celebrate day commemorate tirthankara rishabhas ending fast consuming sugarcane juice poured cupped hand according gagne akha teej important festival hindu calendar awra teej celebrated month vaisakh part madhya pradesh chhattisgarh festival teej fall spring month vaisakh occurs spring haryali teej coincides swing festival jhulan leela also known jhulan utsav hindola utsav associated krishna radha celebrated banke bihari temple temple vrindavan area uttar pradesh festival last krishna janmashtami day day teej idol krishna radha placed swing temple focus jhulan leela religious green theme popular neighbouring rajasthan haryana haryali teej also seen jhulan utsav idol krishna radha dressed green clothes haryali teej jhulan utsav fall day teej monsoon festival dedicated parvati whereas jhulan utsav dedicated krishna radha teej telangana form part wider celebration forerunner festival celebrated known kajal teej kajal teej one banjara tribe biggest festival kevada teej also known kevda trij festival observed mainly gujarat festival celebrated third day shukla paksha waxing moon bhadra gujarat observance similar hartalika teej fast vrat married unmarried woman observe fast day offer kevada flower pine screw parvati shiva dedicated parvati commemorating union shiva festival celebrated wellbeing spouse child purification one body soul festival threedaylong celebration combine sumptuous feast well rigid fasting teej also romanised tij celebrated woman long life husband long firm relationship life life come particularly celebrated woman various caste nepalese society particularly maithils native madheshis bahun chettri newairs kiratis third day new moon month bhadra midaugust midseptember first day teej called dar khane din day woman assemble one place finest attire start dancing singing devotional song amidst grand feast take place feast hosted men usual woman work hard throughout year anything day day embellish sorha singaar — dressing using make full extent indulge good food dance oftentimes woman invited multiple brother feast try dance food ready eat food served supposed rich abundant probably day year allows woman full freedom expression consequently woman traditionally used occasion express pain pang song sing dancing advancement communication awareness woman day use occasion voice concern social issue discrimination woman jollity often go midnight hour fast start second day day fasting woman dont eat drink food water others drink liquid eat fruit fasting observed married unmarried woman married woman abstain strictly food drink belief devotion god blessed longevity peace prosperity husband family unmarried woman observe fast hope blessed good husband dress gaily visit nearby shiva temple singing dancing way pashupatinath temple get highest number devotee temple woman circumambulate shiva lingam symbolizes shiva main pooja religious ceremony take place offering flower fruit etc made shiva wife parvati beseeching grant blessing upon husband family important part puja oil lamp alight throughout night believed light oil lamp night bring peace prosperity husband family third day festival rishi panchami completion previous day puja woman pay homage seven saint sage offer prayer deity bathe red mud found root sacred datiwan bush along leaf rishi panchami revolves around purity woman festival occurs two day teej woman participate ritual bath puja worship one defining characteristic teej festival song woman sing traditionally song emphasized subservient role woman nepalese society addition reinforcing traditional hindu ideology gender relation within past decade nepal surrounding area experience rapid development modernization teej song become critical commentary gender relation womens perspective song extend womens thought experience hardship intimate conversation public setting teej song allow woman effect change respective society giving public voice bhatnagar manju monsoon festival teej rajasthan asian folklore study – doi jstor levy robert isaac rājopādhyāya kedar rāj mesocosm hinduism organization traditional newar city nepal berkeley california university california press isbn oclc skinner debra holland dorothy adhikari g b song tij genre critical commentary woman nepal asian folklore study – doi jstor