Situa
situa citua quechua situwa raymi health ritual purification festival inca empire held cusco capital empire month september day first moon spring equinox southern hemisphere take place normally september important festival whose rite well described early spanish chronicler particular cristóbal de molina polo de ondegardo inca garcilaso de la vega latter witnessed situas child spaniard reduced memorial actual inca festival situa also mentioned bernabé cobo copied probably text molina xxii felipe guaman poma de ayala pedro sarmiento de gamboa juan de betanzos festival held rain season begun many illness tended occur ritual creatorgod thus executed cusco land conquered inca order purify send evil away four day rite included offering ram llama alpaca carefully chosen white color deity ch viii purification bathing river water lighting large straw torch like large ball called panconcos preparing eating ritual maize bun called sanco sankhu quechua sankhu whose dough often mixed blood allowed drink chicha fermented beverage corn beer four day festival «without stopping» ch viii great number person beast gathered main plaza cusco haucaypata inca time much larger current plaza de armas figure deity huacas shrine carried respective temple cusco obtain proper cleanliness city foreigner physical defect banished city distance two league according molina pachacuti inca sovereign defined way festival performed giving rule ancient tradition “illnesses disaster misfortune danger leave land” – ritual cry situa festival according garcilaso priest could detect equinox observing shadow stone column projected though east west line could discern exact date situa bk ch xxii order obtain proper cleanliness city native cusco banished distance two league moreover anyone broken earlobe hunchback anyone lesion defect body taken city considered carrier bad fate even dog chased city would howl could return city beginning last day festival meantime population cusco prepared festival fast abstinence three day child fasted one day night start festival men woman child gathered house eldest brother family prepared bread called sanco made corn flour previously toasted cereal cooked little water fat bread prepared bun size small apple bk ch xx used ceremony sacred food left half cooked variety sanco additionally prepared blood dough quechua yawar sankhu yawar mean blood garcilaso affirms taken child five ten bloodletting cut middle eyebrow bk chr vi two kind sanco cooked separately polo de ondegardo reveals blood fact taken sacrificed beast also report acllas virgin sun prepared great amount bun also given foreigner last day festival even bun sent distant shrine kurakas local chief governor sign confederation loyalty sungod inca ch viii sanco also used warm people statue mummy rubbing body revitalize chronicler use spanish word calentar action dawn everyone washed body took little blood sanco passed head face chest back arm leg order cleanse body disease elder brother lord house smeared threshold street door sanco left glued sign lavatory done person cleansed bk ch vi situa lasted four day follows first day dedicated ritual bathing purification eating sanco second day dedicated deity creator sun thunder sacrifice saying prayer inca third day moon earth sacrifice prayer performed next day nation subjected inca entered plaza huacas dressed finest clothing land bringing large amount livestock day conjunction moon noon inca went coricancha quechua qorikancha qorikancha temple sungod council priest noble person cusco discussed detail festival year certain aspect could added removed meantime many armed warrior met small square front temple statue deity huacas brought square high priest sun would declare festival opened middle main plaza cusco special ushnu ceremonial platform shaped golden pillar resembled well filled chicha poured top sacrifice everyone could drink four hundred runner warrior fully armed assembled waiting around ushnu group one hundred facing one four suyus province inca empire chinchaysuyu nw antisuyu ne kuntisuyu sw qullasuyu se priest form coricancha arrived four hundred warrior shouted ritual cry started running towards four direction inca empire runner continuously shouting ritual word carried weapon quarter league passed warrior five six league city bk ch runner bathed washed weapon river place reached warrior going collasuyu bathed urubamba river also known vilcanota near modern town quiquijana going chinchaysuyu bathed apurímac river modern town limatambo carried shout antisuyu bathed urubamba river beside modern town písac went cuntisuyu washed cusibamba river molina state «the reason bathed river voluminous river know lead sea river would carry illness away» warrior passed along ceques sacred path radiating cusco joining huacas people stood house shaking clothes blanket shouting illness leave city asking prosperous year bauer point «during inca time ritualized cleansing evil ended four relay warrior bathing weapon major river region later limited ritual witnessed garcilaso de la vega bk ch vi situa festival ended runner sticking spear “in ground barrier prevent ill reentering area banished» moreover garcialso state royal blood inca necessarily sapan inca fully dressed spear run sacsayhuamán fortress haucaypata four royal blood inca four hundred warrior awaited run towards four suyus bk ch vi night came everybody danced including inca dawn people went river spring bathe ordered illness leave bathing prepared lit large straw torch similar large ball tied rope called pancuncos panconcos pankunku quechua meaning dry wood straw torch men went around playing hitting pankunku torch interested spanish chronicler gave different description practice polo de ondegardo state «… emitted great shout torch hand cry “evil driven out” hitting one another torch called panconcos» ch viii garcilaso de la vega state «… went great torch straw woven like jacket oil jar round ball called pancuncu took long time burn fastened cord fathom length used run street trailing torch till outside city torch removed evil night spear day burned torch finally cast stream pas city together water people washed previous day running water might carry ill driven house city sea» bk ch vii felipe guamán poma de ayala describes situa manuscript el primer nueva corónica buen gobierno first new chronicle good government state «men armed going fight war throwing fire sling saying loud voice leave sickness pestilence people town leave us» guamán provides picture pancuncus men returned house end day eating sanco also put face place kept food clothes also threw sanco spring wishing ill illness kept house sanco also given member family friend mummy dead relative warmed sanco could enjoy celebration day ended joy everyone ate drank best food even poorest person saved food festival celebration one argued one another pronounced angry word asked repaid debt believed behaved badly day would quarrel difficulty year long night statue creator sun thunder taken respective temple priest warmed sanco next morning priest brought fine food presented statue creator sun thunder respective temple priest huacas received food burned sacrifice deity culture inca mummified dead sovereign sapan inca qoya queen worshipped death mummy taken care panaka lineage dead emperor shown public festival thus third day situa panaka took brought main square royal mummy taking care night ritually washed bath sovereign using alive mummy taken back respective home warmed sanco mummy offered food liked life rite burnt offering deity sapan inca finished bath went private room principal wife warmed sanco head adorned iridescent plume bird ritual performed statue creatorgod afterward inca fully dressed richest robe accompanied court went main plaza cusco time main image sungod accompanied priest sun brought plaza together two gold image representing wife last day driven city beginning festival summoned inside join celebration everyone went plaza priest huacas inca great amount livestock type four region brought plaza molina state «according gave statement … one hundred thousand head livestock clean without blemish mark woolly never shorn» high priest sun choose four among cleanest whitest ram rubbing blood sanco sacrificed high priest warned everyone dare eating sanco sin punished god ate sanco pure spirit rewarded «joyful year bountiful food everything else needed success» high priest ate portion sanco followed nobility two cusco neighborhood hanan hurin upper lower saving absent lung sacrificed ram taken inflated blowing priest looked sign implied either fruitful bad incoming year lung burnt meat four ram eaten priest people invited share remaining ram sacrificed cooked square great amount chicha prepared due time white maize purpose festival brought plaza drank meantime priest carried huacas plaza litter nobility joined two group one make room local chief rubbed sanco recited joint prayer ate ram meat nation danced situwa taki taki special song situa festival representative nation asked permission return respective land given reward inca participated festival molina report several prayer recited situa quechua translation spanish important witness ancient inca rite well known prayer whose text also provided guaman poma de ayala martín de murúa juan de santa cruz pachacuti yamqui salcamaygua following creator without equal end world gave life strength mankind said let one male” woman “let one female” saying created shaped gave life protect created let live safe sound without danger peace height heaven thunder cloud storm cloud hear answer grant prayer give u eternal life forever take u hand receive offering wherever may creator spaniard conquered empire imposed christian religion one started fight idolatry forbidding inca festival ritual practice take place even situa among important suppressed became sort folkloric memorial rather religious feast polo de ondegardo state bathing drunkenness trace situa still lasted four day somewhat differentiated ceremony lot secrecy ch viii garcilaso confirms celebration still practiced reduced form compared festival young boy eyewitness part ritual since child allowed see writes «i remember seen part celebration childhood … saw four indian running spear saw common people shaking clothes making gesture saw eat bread called sanco saw torch pancunu sic see nocturnal rite late already gone bed» bk ch vi inti raymi coricancha inca empire ceque system