The Exhibit of American Negroes
exhibit american negro sociological display within palace social economy world fair paris exhibit joint effort daniel murray assistant librarian congress thomas j calloway lawyer primary organizer exhibit w e b du bois goal exhibition demonstrate progress commemorate life african american turn century exhibit included statuette frederick douglas four bound volume nearly official patent african american photograph several educational institution fisk university howard university roger williams university tuskegee institute claflin university berea college north carolina africanamerican bibliography library congress containing title two social study directed w e b du bois georgia negro comprising handmade graph chart set statistical graphic africanamerican population made du boiss student atlanta university memorably exhibit displayed five hundred photograph africanamerican men woman home church business landscape including photograph thomas e askew thomas junius calloway africanamerican lawyer educator sent letter one hundred africanamerican representative various section united state including booker washington solicit help advocating exhibit present world fair paris letter insists thousand upon thousand go fair well selected prepared exhibit representing negro development church school home farm store profession pursuit general attract attention great lasting good convincing thinking people possibility negro washington appealed personally president william mckinley four month opening paris exposition congress allocated fund exhibit calloway enlisted du bois formerly classmate fisk daniel murray assistant librarian congress assemble material du bois included photograph called typical negro face exemplifying accomplishment progress african american compiled set three large album photograph photographer never identified exhibit formal studio portrait also informal snapshot group people child playing street people working family outing image house business interior home exhibit separate united state national building within shared space palace social economy congress map detailing u resource new york city tenement model information labor union railroad pension library displayed april november million people passed mainstream american newspaper generally ignored existence negro exhibit u commissionergeneral failed mention negro exhibit comprehensive article published north american review still negro exhibit occupied one fourth total exhibition space allocated u multinational palace social economy congress black periodical like colored american wrote extensively project current location today exhibit american negro housed library congress paris exposition eleven year prior building built represent different county world fair building representing nation mostly occupied site champ de mar except french colony placed separate smaller site called le invalides smallersite colony entailed architectural display also constructed village inhabited people colony depicted living hut like savage made oftenunwilling participant feel humiliated treated way senegalese jeweler named samba lawbé thiam phrased exhibition sénégal bureau hygiene tolerate construction type hovel widespread nature inaccurate racist view displayed paris exposition prevalent french society enough view received positively million french public part imperative maker exhibit american negro display people skincolor positively—and term showing black people united state dress setting profession etc white audience hoped potentially counter belief regarding inferiority people darker skin exhibit american negro part world fair sensationalized exhibition million passerby paris likely display equal status black people america contributed documented disparity treatment black american black african metropolitan france range black american james baldwin angela davis harlem hellfighters spoken relatively positive experience france sort reprieve racial discrimination contrast experience many black people france oftentimes francophone former colony continue experience racism viewed positively black american likely due identity different historical relationship france exhibition american negro key development causing much french populace especially parisian positive racial view africanamericans racial view towards many people african descent eg north african black people contrasted view continued prevalent many place racism often seen nonpresent issue france many french people despite evidence contrary may explained french government repeated insistence historically today republican universalism france abolition slavery would take fifty year also applied inalienably france colony largely eliminated race source discrimination france even evidence contrary lincoln jubilee caas paris exposition african american photograph assembled paris exposition library congress paris exhibit american negro world fair paris digital archive architecture boston college du bois paris – exposition universelle library congress blog w e b du boiss data portrait visualizing black america edited whitney battlebaptiste britt rusert princeton architectural press isbn