Mawlid
mawlid arabic مولد annual festival commemorating birthday islamic prophet muhammad traditional date rabi alawwal third month islamic calendar day central tradition sunni islam mawlid also celebrated shia muslim history celebration go back early day islam although tabi‘un began hold session poetry song composed honor muhammad recited sung crowd major city response attack honor done specified day celebration continued much later either abbasids fatimids muslim general gökböri deputy saladin r – believed first publicly celebrate mawlid impressive ceremony prophet mosque medina ottoman murad iii r – declared official holiday celebrant hold mahfils mawlid religious poetry recited praise muhammad accompanied feast custom affiliated mawlid supererogatory fasting islamic music dhikr denomination islam approve commemoration muhammad birthday mawlid observance generally approved across four sunni school law mainstream islamic scholarship recognized national holiday muslimmajority country world term mawlid derived arabic root word walad meaning give birth descendant although generic term day birth mawlid usually refers observance birthday muhammad along referred celebration birth muhammad term mawlid refers text especially composed recited muhammad nativity celebration text recited sung day also known eidemilad annabi arabic عید ميلاد النبي romanized ʿīd mīlad annabī lit feast birth prophet according majority sunni muslim shia muhammad born th rabi alawwal many twelver shia muslim hand assert muhammad born th rabi alawwal stand matter ikhtilaf disagreement since prominent shia scholar muhammad ibn yaqub alkulayni ibn babawayh zayn aldin aljubai alamili affirmed date th rabi alawal nonetheless others contend date muhammad birth unknown definitively recorded islamic tradition issue correct date mawlid recorded ibn khallikan constituting first proven disagreement concerning celebration history celebration go back early day islam tabi‘un began hold session poetry song composed honour muhammad recited sung crowd major city ottoman declared official holiday known mevlid kandil term mawlid also used part world egypt generic term birthday celebration historical religious figure sufi saint early day islam observation muhammad birth holy day usually arranged privately later increased number visitor mawlid house open whole day specifically celebration history celebration go back early day islam tabi‘un began hold session poetry song composed honour muhammad recited sung crowd early celebration included element sufi influence animal sacrifice torchlight procession along public sermon feast celebration occurred day contrast modern day observance ruler playing key role ceremony emphasis given ahl albayt presentation sermon recitation quran exact origin mawlid difficult trace according muhammad history thought culture encyclopedia prophet god significance event established muhammad fasted monday citing reason birth day umar took consideration muhammad birth possible starting time islamic calendar according festival world religion mawlid first introduced abbasids baghdad suggested mawlid first formalized alkhayzuran abbasids ibn jubayr writes muhammad day birth celebrated every monday rabi alawwal birthplace converted place devotion abbasids according hypothesis nico kaptein leiden university mawlid initiated fatimids stated idea celebration mawlid originated fatimid dynasty today almost universally accepted among religious polemicist secular scholar annemarie schimmel also say tendency celebrate memory muhammad day birth larger festive scale emerged first egypt fatimids egyptian historian maqrizi describes one celebration held occasion mainly scholar religious establishment participated listened sermon distributed sweet particularly honey muhammad favourite poor received alms shia origin frequently noted sunni oppose mawlid according encyclopædia britannica however fatimids simply procession court official involve public restricted court fatimid caliph therefore concluded first mawlid celebration public festival started sunni muẓaffar aldīn gökburi suggested celebration introduced city ceuta abu alabbas alazafi way strengthening muslim community counteract christian festival turkic general gökböri started first annual public festival mawlid erbil gökböri brotherinlaw saladin soon festival began spread across muslim world since saladin gokburi sufi festival became increasingly popular among sufi devotee remains till day ottoman declared official holiday known mevlid kandil national holiday part muslim world except saudi arabia qatar officially salafi mawlid celebrated almost islamic country country significant muslim population ethiopia india united kingdom turkey nigeria côte divoire iraq iran maldives morocco jordan libya russia canada hari maulaud nabi public holiday coco keeling island last decade late th century trend forbid discredit mawlid rise salafism first sunni mawlid celebration detailed description sponsored saladin general muzaffar aldin kokburi gökböri included slaughtering thousand animal banquet believed cost dirham presence guest distribution monetary gift mawlid festival important social function symbolized concretizing tie patronage dramatizing benevolence ruler also held religious significance issue spending feeding pivotal religious social function celebration often organized country sunni sufi order mawlid celebrated carnival manner large street procession held home mosque decorated charity food distributed story life muhammad narrated recitation poetry child scholar poet celebrate reciting qaṣīda alburda sharif famous poem thcentury arabic sufi busiri general mawlid appears chaotic incoherent spectacle numerous event happen simultaneously held together common festive time space celebration often considered expression sufi concept preexistence muhammad however main significance festivity expression love muhammad early fatwa criticism mawlid taken issue possibility coerced giving host often took monetary contribution guest festival cost jurist often conceptualized observance muhammad day birth form reciprocation god bestowal prophet muhammad way justifying celebration according thought bestowal gift required thanks came form celebration mawlid ibn rajab alhanbali ce ibn hajar alasqalini ce expressed idea specifically referencing hadith jew fast ‘ashura’ broadening conception thanks god multiple form worship including prostration fasting almsgiving qur’anic recitation limitation ibn hajar place form celebration must neutral shari’a yemen yemen mawlid alnabi celebration muhammad birthday one significant event year home largest mawlid gathering world city like sanaa major urban center million gather mark occasion religious ceremony poetry recitation large procession creating deeply spiritual atmosphere color green prophet favorite color prominently worn many symbolizing life renewal connection legacy street mosque home adorned green decoration light enhancing festive mood event religious observance also reflection yemen’s strong cultural historical tie prophet’s life teaching pakistan pakistan mawlid day start gun salute federal capital gun salute provincial capital religious hymn sung day indonesia many part indonesia celebration mawlid alnabi seems surpass importance liveliness splendour two official islamic holiday eid ulfitr eid aladha tunisia qayrawan tunisia muslim sing chant hymn praise muhammad welcoming honor birth also generally tunisia people usually prepare assidat zgougou celebrate mawlid turkey turkey mawlid widely celebrated referred mevlid kandili turkish mean candle feast prophet day birth traditional poem regarding muhammad life recited public mosque home evening celebrated mawlid süleyman çelebi plenty mawlids written ottoman time india among nonmuslim country india noted mawlid festivity relic muhammad displayed morning prayer indian state jammu kashmir hazratbal shrine nightlong prayer also held hyderabad telangana noted grand milad festivity religious meeting nightlong prayer rally parade decoration made throughout city school declare holiday along referred celebration birth muhammad term mawlid also refers text especially composed recited muhammad nativity celebration text recited sung day poem written many language including arabic kurdish turkish text contain story life muhammad least following chapter life briefly summarized ancestor muhammad conception muhammad birth muhammad introduction halima life young muhammad bedouin muhammad orphanhood abu talibs nephew first caravan trip arrangement marriage muhammad khadija alisra almiradj ascension heaven alhira first revelation first convert islam hijra muhammad death text part ceremony many different way people celebrate mawlid depending appears cultural influence upon kind festivity part mawlid celebration indonesia common congregation recite simthud durar especially among arab indonesian among muslim scholar legality mawlid subject intense debate described perhaps one polemical discussion islamic law traditionally sunni nearly shia scholar approved celebration mawlid salafi deobandi scholar oppose celebration example historic sunni scholar permitted mawlid include shafii scholar alsuyuti ah scholar wrote fatwa mawlid became one important text issue although became famous outside egypt caught conflict egypt entire life example believed important scholar time regarded mujtahid scholar independently interprets develops law later mujaddid scholar appears end century restore islam claim made controversial person time however fatwa may received widespread approval may provoked conflict stated thatmy answer legal status observance mawlid – long consists meeting together people recitation apposite part quran recounting transmitted account beginning biography prophet – may god bless grant peace – wonder took place birth followed banquet served eatis good innovation bida hasana one rewarded esteem shown position prophet – may god bless grant peace – implicit expression joy happiness – may god bless grant peace – noble birthalsuyuti thought mawlid could based fact muhammad performed sacrifice birth calling prophet said abu lahab called unbeliever condemned revealed quran rewarded fire joy showed night birth prophet releasing slavery thuwayba informed birth muhammad therefore talked would happen muslim rejoiced birth loved response alfakihani alsuyuti said thing said matter known necessarily follow matter exist ever existed also said learned judicious ruler introduced responding alfakihanis statement contrary bida introduced idler pious scholar alsuyuti also said response meritorious essence meritorious law demand demand meritorious sometimes based text sometimes reasoning analogy alsuyuti said bida restricted forbidden reprehensible also permitted meritorious compulsory category response alfakihanis statement according consensus muslim innovation religion permitted response alfakihanis statement withstanding fact month he… born namely rabii exactly one died therefore joy happiness month appropriate sadness month alsuyuti said birth greatest benefaction ever befallen u death greatest calamity visited upon u said law allows expression gratitude benefaction muhammad prescribed sacrifice birth child would express gratitude happiness newborn indeed alsuyuti said principle law say right express happiness muhammad birth shafii scholar ibn hajar alasqalani ah approved mawlid state thatas performed day mawlid one limit oneself express thanks god thing already mentioned quranic recitation serving food almsgiving recitation praise poem prophet – may god bless grant peace – asceticism motivate people perform good deed act view next world damascene shafii scholar abu shama teacher imam alnawawi ah also support celebration mawlid maliki scholar ibn alhajj ah also spoke positively observance mawlid book almadhkal alhajj address thought paradoxical problem misguided mawlid observance say night exceeding virtue follows increase virtue increase thanks merit performance act obedience like however people instead increasing thanks increased innovation likewise shafii egyptian scholar ibn hajar alhaytami ah avid supporter mawlid wrote text praise supported commented egyptian scholar former head alazhar university ibrahim albajuri hanafi syrian mufti ibn abidin another hanafi mufti ali alqari ah supported celebration mawlid wrote text subject moroccan maliki scholar muḥammad ibn jaʿfar alkattānī ah ibn aljazari ah syrian shafii scholar considers celebration mawlid mean gaining paradise muslim world majority sunni islamic scholar favor mawlid eighteenth nineteenth century celebration prophet birthday recitation mawlid text ubiquitous practice endorsed majority mainstream sunni scholar modern period celebration mawlid overwhelmingly accepted practiced level religious education authority prominent elite scholar continued contribute development tradition example include former grand mufi egypt ali gomaa muhammad alawi almaliki saudi arabia yusuf alqaradawi primary scholar muslim brotherhood movement habib ali aljifri muhammad tahirulqadri muhammad bin yahya alninowy syria president heritage history committee united arab emirate muhammad ibn ahmad alkhazraji zaid shakir subscribe sunni islam given approval observance mawlid salafism sect represented saudi arabia qatar celebrate mawlid deobandi sect also forbids observance though scholar participate mawlid gathering established may india wahabisalafi influenced deoband madarsa deobandi sect consider mawlid un nabi biddah however jamiat ulemaehind scholar wing deobandism celebrate mawlid kanpur city uttar pradesh india bringing procession since also take part mawlid celebration aligarh muslim university organized ever year seerat committeeone deobandi scholar regularly delivers mawlid speech aligarh muslim university india prof qasmi dean faculty theology amu told eidemiladunnabi function organized mao collegealigarh muslim university amu since time founder taj aldin alfakihani egyptian maliki considered mawlid blameworthy innovation either makruh haram alfakihani said basis book god sunnah muhammad observance authority scholar umma said bida introduced idler delight glutton abandon mentioned five legal category included whether compulsory meritorious permitted reprehensible forbidden said compulsory meritorious permitted therefore reprehensible forbidden said reprehensible person observed expense without gathering eat abstain anything sinful second condition category forbidden according alfakihani committing transgression entered practice singing–with full bellies–accompanied instrument idleness like drum reed flute meeting men young boy male person attractive women–either mixing guarding them– like dancing swinging swaying wallowing lust forgetting day doom also said likewise woman come together lend high voice reciting sighing singing thereby declaiming reciting disobey law neglect word ‘verily lord watchtower’ sura said nobody civilized courteous manner approves pleasing people whose heart dead contain sin offense finally said month muhammad born also month died implied joy happiness month appropriate sadness month fellow egyptian maliki ibn alhaj alabdari also considered mawlid blameworthy innovation either makruh haram added celebration never practiced salaf however ibn alhaj affirms auspicious quality month mawlid effusive term considers muhammad date birth particularly blessed time year maliki scholar alshatibi considered mawlid illegitimate innovation andalusian jurist abu abd allah alhaffar opposed mawlid noting sahaba celebrated exact date would matter uncertainty former grand mufti saudi arabia ibn baz along hammud ibn abd allah altuwayjiri another saudi scholar opposition also argued many worthy occasion muhammad life never commemorated revelation first verse quran night journey hijra position ibn taymiyya – mawlid ambiguous one hand considered reprehensible devotional innovation criticised celebrated mawlid desire imitate christian celebration jesus day birth hand recognised observe muhammad day birth desire show love reverence thus deserve great reward good intention salafi writer hamid alfiqi criticised ibn taymiyya holding view stating receive reward opposing guidance god messenger pbuh ibn alhajj c praised carrying ceremony expression gratitude festival rejected forbidden objectionable matter took place objected certain thing singer performing accompaniment percussion instrument pointing blameworthiness asked connection might percussion instrument month muhammad day birth however said right honor distinguish day birth showed respect month also said excellence lied devotional act therefore alhajj said respect noble month consist additional righteous work giving alms pious deed anybody able let case avoid forbidden reprehensible respect noble month said even though quran might recited people actually longing skilled adept folly stimulating mean entertain people said perverse therefore condemn mawlid forbidden objectionable thing mawlid brings wake disapprove preparing banquet inviting people participate addition ibn alhajj also said people observed mawlid reason respect also wanted get back silver given joyous occasion festival said evil aspect attached skaykh alislam abu ifadl ibn hajar greatest hafiz time said legal status mawlid bida transmitted authority one pious ancestor however said comprised good thing well reverse one strove good thing practicing evaded bad thing mawlid good innovation said coming muhammad good benefaction said day ought observed said necessary one restricts oneself express gratitude god… namely reciting quran giving banquet almsgiving declamation song praise prophet ascetic song praise stimulate heart good make effort strive hereafter also said sama entertainment like may line joyous nature day said “what forbidden reprehensible course prohibited hold true contrary regarded appropriate country egypt sudan mawlid used generic term celebration day birth local sufi saint restricted observance birth muhammad around mawlid celebration held year festival attract international audience largest one egypt attracting three million people honouring ahmad albadawi local thcentury sufi saint hagen gottfried mawlid ottoman fitzpatrick c walker ed muhammad history thought culture encyclopedia prophet god vols santa barbara abcclio malik aftab ahmed broken chain reflection upon neglect tradition amal press isbn picken gavin mawlid fitzpatrick c walker ed muhammad history thought culture encyclopedia prophet god vols santa barbara abcclio tahirulqadri muhammad mawlid alnabi celebration permissibility minhajulquran publication isbn mawlid encyclopedia orient archived march wayback machine mawlid conservative view mawlid time celebrate eid milad un nabi image eid mawlid nabi celebrate