1904 Summer Olympics
summer olympics officially game iii olympiad also known st louis international multisport event held st louis missouri united state july november many event conducted known francis field campus washington university st louis first time olympic game held outside europe tension caused russo–japanese war difficulty traveling st louis resulted topclass athlete outside united state canada taking part game – athlete competed came outside north america nation represented event subsequently combined u national championship olympic championship current threemedal format gold silver bronze first second third place introduced olympics chicago illinois initially bid host summer olympics organizer louisiana purchase exposition st louis would accept another international event timeframe exposition organization began plan sport activity informing chicago ocog international sport event intended eclipse olympic game unless moved st louis pierre de coubertin founder modern olympic movement intervened awarded game st louis boxing dumbbell catch wrestling later became freestyle wrestling decathlon made debut swimming event held temporary pond near skinker wydown boulevard lifesaving demonstration unsinkable lifeboat ocean liner took place one remarkable athlete american gymnast george eyser six medal even though left leg made wood frank kugler four medal freestyle wrestling weightlifting tug war making competitor win medal three different sport olympic game chicago runner james lightbody steeplechase set natural world record harry hillman hurdle also flat sprinter archie hahn champion last race set olympic record natural record stood year discus american martin sheridan thrown exactly distance compatriot ralph rose judge gave extra throw decide winner sheridan decider claimed gold medal ray ewry three standing jump team representing great britain awarded total two medal irish athlete top nonus athlete emil rausch germany three swimming event zoltán halmay hungary charles daniel united state two swimming gold medal galt football club canada gold medal football organizer world fair held anthropology day august since paris exposition human zoo key feature world fair functioned demonstration anthropological notion race progress civilization goal followed also world fair fourteen hundred indigenous people southeast asia pacific island east asia africa middle east south america north america displayed anthropological exhibit showed natural habitat another indigenous people displayed culture area louisiana purchase exposition lpe including fairground model school american indian boarding school student demonstrated successful assimilation sporting event took place participation paid indigenous men woman participated anthropology day though notably fort shaw indian school girl basketball team compete athletic event lpe contest included baseball throwing shot put running broad jumping weight lifting pole climbing tugsofwar crowd approximately ten thousand according theorist susan brownell world fair – inclusion human zoo – olympics logical fit time linked underlying cultural logic gave natural affinity also one original intention anthropology day create publicity official olympic event summer olympic program featured sport encompassing event discipline swimming diving water polo considered three discipline sport aquatic july ioc accepted recommendation olympic historian bill mallon regarding sport event considered olympic number event discipline noted parenthesis boxing made olympic debut st louis game sport since featured every summer olympics except stockholm game wrestling made return exclusively newly debuted catch wrestling later became freestyle wrestling opposed grecoroman style summer olympics five nation represented competitor resided united state later edition would style wrestling program basketball hurling american football gaelic football featured unofficial sport demonstration bout womens boxing baseball also noted world baseball softball confederation appeared game though appear list compiled olympic historian bill mallon result known five sport venue used summer olympics venue included glen echo country club first golf course constructed west mississippi river opened three olympic sport hosted forest park site louisiana purchase exposition held concurrently olympics life saving exhibition lake forest park used diving swimming water polo event creve coeur lake became first park st louis county lake hosted rowing regatta since still host francis olympic field gymnasium still use washington university st louis campus ornamental gate commemorating game constructed outside stadium immediately exposition swimming pool added gymnasium forest park constructed still use attracts million visitor annually glen echo country club remains use golf course today athlete twelve nation competed st louis number parenthesis indicate number known competitor nation due difficulty getting st louis european tension caused russojapanese war – athlete outside north america participated olympics source also list athlete following nation competed game italy newfoundland colony number athlete national olympic committee nation medal game nationality medalist disputed many american athlete recent immigrant united state yet granted u citizenship july ioc accepted recommendation olympic historian bill mallon adjusted database regard following case historian international society olympic historian discovered cyclist frank bizzoni believed american still italian citizen competed received u citizenship two norwegianamerican wrestler charles ericksen bernhoff hansen gold medal norwegian historian found documentation showing ericksen receive american citizenship march hansen probably never received american citizenship historian therefore petitioned ioc athlete registered norwegian may reported norwegian olympic committee filed formal application changing nationality wrestler iocs medal database done swimmer multimedalist francis gailey competed australian immigrated america sailing san francisco s sonoma worked banker california living time ontario canada married mary adam finally settled southern california managing orangegrove plantation multimedalist frank kugler germany member st louis southwest turnverein team granted u citizenship gustav tiefenthaler born switzerland family moved united state child represented south broadway ac st louis olympics tiefenthaler wrestled one bout lost earned bronze medal frenchamerican albert corey silver medal marathon team race part mixed team together four undisputed american austrianamerican gymnast julius lenhart gold silver medal individual event gold medal team competition part mixed team ioc also counted one gold one silver two bronze medal american fencer albertson van zo post cuba instead united state ioc also showed charles tatham cuban individual fencing event american team event american olympic game held united state summer olympics – st louis summer olympics – los angeles winter olympics – lake placid winter olympics – squaw valley winter olympics – lake placid summer olympics – los angeles summer olympics – atlanta winter olympics – salt lake city summer olympics – los angeles winter olympics – salt lake city list ioc country code st louis olympicscom international olympic committee olympic game charles jp lucas spaldings athletic almanac photo olympics missouri history museum