Chalandamarz
chalandamarz traditional spring festival romanshspeaking italianspeaking part swiss canton graubünden celebrated named first march calendae marti mark end winter celebrated much romanshspeaking area including engadin val müstair albula surmeir formerly posterior rhine valley well italianspeaking part grison poschiavo bregaglia mesolcina known surselva trin sutselva similar tradition known muntinadas form chalandamarz tɕɐˌlandɐˈmarts represents engadin dialect vallader putèr surmiran variant name calondamarsa marza italian lombard variant used southern valley calendamarz calentmarz first march often least one day boy village go around ring bell sing object mark beginning new year spring scare away evil spirit winter wake good spirit spring girl traditionally don’t take part village girl carry basket around gather money village carry bell often boy march around village fountain go old house sing often whipcracking evening first march often party dancing procession boy chalandamarz often led oldest boy due leave school following year known patruns patron master use cowbell drive winter known alpine folklore perchten fasnacht tradition alemannic austrobavarian speaking area chalandamarz ftan lower engadin show influence fasnacht tradition wearing mask poschiavo mesolcina formerly also scuol tschlin innerferrera straw effigy symbolizing winter burned type cowbell used talacs small bell one still worn cow engadin plumpas largest bell often made bronze brass provide good sound maruns round bell made steel thin layer often black colour largest largest bell chalandamarz half metre diameter brunzinas widely recognized shape often brass make unique sound sometimes worn girl village carry bell zampuogns slightly different bell eccentric brunzinas outside smooth made bronze brass easily crack ringer thick often produce low clear sound heavier regular plumpas roll large belt rollbells attached often worn oldest boy youngest oldest patruns village still retain tradition using horse pull boy smaller village outskirt main village case horse wear dicziunari rumantsch grischun vol iii pp – bibliography atlas der schweizerischen volkskunde vol ii map kommentarband ii pp f