Ituren
ituren town municipality located province autonomous community navarre northern spain ituren sits westernmost outlying area pyrenees km north pamplona lie flood plain river ezkurra tributary river bidasoa shadow mendaur mountain ft characterised tiny whitewashed chapel la trinidad summit territory ituren extends area km town population inhabitant increase past year child enrolled village primary school instructs pupil basque euskera inhabitant ituren distributed small dependent hamlet isolated homestead hamlet ituren aurtiz lasaga valley floor smallest higher mountain hamlet ameztia valley extending east west called malerreka river although extensive pasture orchard quince apple cherry fig peach tree common mountain slope partly covered oak chestnut walnut beech ash ituren traditional village built typical basque style large solid house steepsloping redtiled roof wooden balcony often decorated geranium many distinctive pink sandstone marking around door window frame common feature basque design manor house village gothic detail date back th century village butcher general supply store chemist hairdresser two bar restaurant school also numerous summer rental chalet rural hotel well tourism operator many smallscale family farm dedicated pastoral farming area main animal sheep cow reared meat milk indigenous longhaired breed sheep latxa popular among shepherd many farmer still make sheep’s cheese unpasteurised milk local version acclaimed domination origin idiazabal cheese pig chicken also reared farm semiwild herd potxoka horse roam communallyowned higher mountain slope local produce include quince jam cuajada also called mamia sheep’s mild junket patxarran sloe berry aniseed liqueur ituren predominantly basquespeaking community maintaining basque tradition annual fiesta held third week july includes traditional basque dancing rural sport competition october woodpigeon wild boar hunting mushrooming part local tradition neighbouring village elgorriaga hold mushroom festival first sunday month ituren far best known ‘pagan’ carnival share neighbouring village zubieta carnival take place first monday tuesday last sunday january earned international recognition anthropologist arguing oldest preindoeuropean carnival europe protagonist called joadunak zanpanzar carnival young men village joaldunak sheepskin conical hat ribbon carry horse hair whip strap large cow bell around waist ring deep rhythmic atavistic dirge rest villager dress demon witch scatter wake carnival symbolises eternal struggle force good evil light darkness winter spring basque history world mark kurlansky pp – carnavales de navarra francisco javier tibero pp – iñauteria el carnaval vasco jaun garmendia larrañaga san sebastian kutxa fiesta de invierno en navarra ituren navarra mikel lizara cuadernos de etnologia etnografia pamplona principe de viana pp – ituren bernardo estornés lasa – auñamendi encyclopedia euskomedia fundazioa spanish carnival ituren zubieta guardian april description carnival