Vinalia
vinalia roman festival wine harvest wine vintage garden held honour jupiter venus vinalia prima first vinalia also known vinalia urbana urban vinalia held april bless sample last year wine ask good weather next harvest vinalia rustica rustic vinalia august harvest grapepressing vinalia urbana held april predominantly wine festival shared venus patron profane wine vinum spurcum intended everyday human use jupiter patron strongest purest sacrificial grade wine temetum honour venus whose power provided humankind ordinary wine men woman alike sampled vinum spurcum previous autumn pressing god weather wineharvest depended jupiter offered special libation previous year sacred wine vintage blessed high priest poured ditch outside venus capitoline temple probably gaze rome higher echelon common girl vulgares puellae prostitute meretrices gathered venus erycinas colline temple – probably separate occasion propriety sake – offer goddess myrtle mint rush concealed rosebunches return asked beauty popular favour made charming witty vinalia rustica held august originally rustic latin harvest festival celebrating grape harvest vegetable growth fertility roman vinalia rustica kitchen garden marketgardens presumably vineyard dedicated venus obsequens earliest form venus receive temple rome roman mythology marked fulfillment vow ancient latin ally rome legendary ancestor aeneas promised wine next sacred vintage jupiter return victory etruscan tyrant mezentius according source warlike mezentius claimed vintage due jupiter roman opinion differ deity presided vinalia rustica varro insists like vinalia urbana sacred jupiter controlled weather governed growing ripening grape moreover jupiter priest picked first bunch grape blessed first sacred pressing offered sacrifice observation borne pliny elder practice however festival strong popular cult connection venus patron goddess ordinary religiously impure wine vinum spurcum rite took place various temple sacrificial victim offered jupiter priest female lamb agna may evidence venus ancient rustic latin goddess much like account origin rise festival given festus schmitz leonhard smith william dictionary greek roman antiquity p perseusorg