Kaapse Klopse
kaapse klopse simply klopse officially named cape town minstrel carnival traditioanlly cape coloured minstrel festival take place annually january cape town south africa festival also referred tweede nuwe jaar afrikaans second new year many minstrel take street garbed bright colour carrying colourful umbrella playing array musical instrument minstrel selforganised klopse club kaapse afrikaans accurately translated troupe english custom preserved since midth century apartheid period governmentenforced racial segregation stratification south africa festival known coon carnival local authority since renamed festival cape town minstrel carnival term coon widely considered ethnic slur contention around continued use blackface festival performer eve december people gather bokaap malay quarter signal hill await tweede nuwe jaar january song malay choir ghoema drum ushering dawn new year th century new year celebrated dutch considered biggest annual feast slave would get day january allowed celebrate manner slavery officially abolished cape december tweede nuwe jaar became celebration united creole culture cape town estimated first carnival troupe organised apartheid year cape minstrel sang song like disn nuwe jaar new year many local song true cape province local milieu modern cape minstrel tradition influenced visit cape american minstrel old cape minstrel ethiopian collection dutch american song minstrel used parade street cape town serenade local song etching heinrich egersdorfer depicted regular march local chapter salvation army included many local could contributed style marching klopse display today theninternationally renowned christys minstrel visited cape united state orpheus mcadoos virginia jubilee singer performed cape town christys minstrel white men woman blackened face burnt cork impersonate africanamerican slave july june staged many minstrel show cape town believed contributed birth cape minstrel coon carnival visitor influence coon carnival included tradition painting face black whited eye look like racoon celebration took place various location green point cricket club organised first formal carnival moved green point track later became tradition event continued discontinued thereafter january leader african people organization abdullah abdurahman reinstated grand carnival green point track cape town cricket club held rival carnival newlands start minstrel competition various venue various organising board new year carnival brought minstrel private brass band choir malay choir together group area act declared district six white area resulting approximately resident evicted moved part cape flat manenberg mitchell plain implementation group area act resulted community losing sense belonging community grew forced removal minstrel performance spread across cape peninsula various area carnival banned home green point stadium minstrel parading cape town cbd transportation attend rehearsal became additional challenge expense different competing minstrel group traffic law illegal gathering act used place additional challenge minstrel festival organizer athlone stadium used nonwhite spectator minstrel march forbidden part cape town result people lost interest watching parade event moved various stadium order keep alive event returned original route district six green point stadium tweede nuwe jaar second new year day unique cape town stem practice associated slavery history linked coon carnival midnineteenth century cape slave given day duty january every year alternative new year celebration slave would dress minstrel dance rhythmically sound banjo guitar ghoema drum whistle trombone tuba tweede nuwe jaar celebration community survival illustrates continuity past present future deceased iconic musician taliep petersen claimed said tweede nuwe jaar celebration dis onse dag day day local working class community survived slavery segregation apartheid celebrates existence perseverance – celebration band group linked society sport club distinguishable emblem dress paraded city suburb new year eve society prepared special costume new year became crucial part event minstrel troupe thousand strong known participate march minstrel troupe fiercely competitive preparation leading towards parade costume performance kept secret big reveal day compete trophy champion champion award award pennsylvanian year succession minstrel troupe give sense pride community group member ghoema drum common thread bind together music carnival mids competition organised individual promoter board appeared disappeared – cape peninsula coon carnival board western province jubilee carnival board jimmy wg allen cape western coon carnival board directed sonny loyd majority troupe represented kaapse klopse karnaval association one breakaway association kaapse karnaval cape carnival association today cape town minstrel carnival association oversees organisation minstrel carnival music associated minstrel history tweede nuwe jaar influenced variety source th th century slave sent cape good hope indonesia malaysia sri lanka india east africa madagascar creating melting pot culture influence british garrison era influenced marching procession minstrel troupe substantial collection song draw origin netherlands cape slave together local khoisan population known sing choir part celebration also watched colonial troop parade cape town singing god save queen trace african asian european music heard minstrel music ghoema beat reflects rhythmic similarity india indonesia africa middle east therefore ghoemaliedjies ghoema song reminiscent music africa asia europe melody moppies western origin strongly influenced african–american music possibly associated exposure visiting american minstrel cinema across district six also exerted jazz influence reenactment famous actor singer performance evolution cape slave social fabric included development music dance used grow social cohesion celebrate whatever freedom granted wellknown song sung minstrel ek soek na dina looking dina kom dans klaradyn come dance klaradyn rosa hiers ek weer pollie ons gaan perel toe pollie going paarl vaarwel eie soetlief farewell sweet die ossewa ox wagon bobbejaan klim die berg baboon climb mountain wat maak oom kallie daar uncle kallie hou djou rokkies bymekaar keep dress together solank die rietjie long little reed daar kom die alibama come alabama new year eve cape malay choir nagtroepe march cape town thereafter minstrel parade city tweede nuwe jaar january troupe choir take green point stadium present day competition start afternoon january continues january following two saturday category judged part competition include grand march past – quasimilitary style parade exhibition march past – display fantasy precise choreography best dress – beautiful uniform best board – imaginative finest emblem adult juvenile drum major – judged quality dance english afrikaans combined chorus group singing – song performed troupe choir part harmony english afrikaans moppies – comic song sung soloist choir juvenile adult sentimentals – love song interpreted soloist best band – determination best brass band accompany troupe road competition coon song – american tune jazz standard sung soloist special item – form performance – minute long chosen troupe competition judged panel independent adjudicator every group score category winner competition viewed cape town minstrel carnival association many troupe supported corporate sponsor many refuse remain stickler tradition carnival nearly cancelled due alleged lack funding carnival officially called reason however troupe organisation subsequently decided go ahead parade despite continued unhappiness funding festivity opened western cape premier ebrahim rasool january modern celebration tweede nuwe jaar reminder slave past colonial cape town importance music dance part celebration freedom klopse played significant role addressing social challenge like crime drug abuse aid also used build bridge community apartheid era apart providing entertainment kaapse klopse also become mean building skill community kaapse klopse associated choir singing give participating child opportunity learn art performing music dance exposed practising music three time week preparation performance activity paved way worldfamous musician like taliep petersen jonathan butler received juvenile sentimental trophy award previous competition skill extend beyond singing dancing playing musical instrument sewing also include skill associated event management planning project management mobilising diverse group people young old singing dancing proven source income engendered sense pride community joblessness concern frustration apartheid child previously disadvantaged community denied access performance art school resident bokaap complained noise petty crime accompanies festival city cape town restricted parading bo kaap following protest minstrel minstrel got permission march bo kaap following year african music minstrel showthe minstrel good apartheid year people world came see kaapse klopse however today kaapse klopse orientated towards anc government due left country world loved behind mummer parade minstrelinfluenced new year parade philadelphia pennsylvania second line new orleans louisiana minstrel carnival association