Powwow
powwow also pow wow powwow gathering dance held many native american first nation community powwow today opportunity indigenous people socialize dance sing honor culture powwow may private public indoors outdoors dancing event competitive monetary prize powwow vary length singleday weeklong event mainstream american culture thcentury western movie military personnel term powwow used refer type meeting usage considered native american offensive case appropriation cultural significance powwow hold word powwow derived narragansett word powwaw meaning spiritual leader term variant including powaw pawaw powah pauwau pawau number tribe claim held first pow wow initially public dance resemble known pow wow common great plain region united state late nineteenth early twentieth century time united state government destroyed many native community hope acquiring land economic exploitation charles h burke commissioner indian affair united state passed legislation modeled circular published legislation restricted time year native american could practice traditional dance burke deemed direct threat christian religion however many native community continued gather together secret practice culture dance music defiance legislation midtwentieth century powwow also held great lake region planning powwow generally begin month perhaps even year event group people usually referred powwow committee pow wow may sponsored tribal organization american native community within urban area native american study program american native club college university campus tribe organization provide startup fund insurance volunteer worker powwow committee consists several individual planning event pow wow sponsor tribe college organization many member committee may come group committee responsible recruiting hiring head staff publicizing powwow securing location recruiting vendor pay right set sell food merchandise powwow head staff powwow people run event day day occurs generally hired powwow committee several month advance quality head staff affect attendance chosen part head staff honor showing respect person skill dedication arena director master ceremony master ceremony mc voice pow wow job keep singer dancer public informed happening mc set schedule event maintains drum rotation order drum group get sing mc also responsible filling dead air time may occur pow wow often joke mc often run raffle contest may happen pow wow head dancer head dancer consist head man dancer head woman dancer often head teen dancer head little boy girl dancer head golden age dancer head gourd dancer pow wow gourd dance head dancer lead dancer grand entry parade dancer open powwow many case head dancer also responsible leading dancer song often dancer enter arena unless head dancer already dancing host drum drum group singer perform singing host drummer responsible leading song beginning end powwow session typically starting grand entry song followed flag song veteran victory song conclude powwow also perform flag song retreat song closing song additionally powwow gourd dancing southern host drum often drum sings gourd song though another drum perform host drum often called upon sing special song powwow famous host drum include black lodge singer cozad singer yellowhammer pow wow often set series large circle center circle dance arena outside larger circle consisting mc table drum group sitting area dancer family beyond two circle participant area spectator outside designated area vendor booth one buy food music jewelry souvenir art craft beadwork leather regalia supply outdoor pow wow circle often covered either committeebuilt arbor tent group particularly mc drum provide time tent provides shelter sun rain also plague outdoor event particularly important protect drum used drum group sensitive temperature change rain cannot get wet vendor provide tent shelter outdoor pow wow powwow etiquette includes guideline regarding acceptable behavior rule photography protocol grand entry common practice emphasize respect participant tradition clothing worn participant referred regalia called costume additionally certain rule promote courtesy refraining touching playing drum unless one part drum group also important avoid touching individual regalia without permission certain tribe including pascua yaqui hopi prohibit photography sketching ceremony powwow session begin grand entry prayer eagle staff lead grand entry followed flag dancer one host drum performs opening song event considered sacred powwow prohibit filming photography time though others permit military veteran active duty service member present often given honor carrying flag eagle staff individual followed head dancer remaining dancer typically enter arena designated order men traditional men grass dance men fancy womens traditional womens jingle womens fancy sequence followed teen small child order grand entry master ceremony mc invite respected member community deliver invocation host drum perform grand entry song perform flag song followed victory veteran song flag staff placed mc table style type dance pow wow descended tradition great plain nation canada united state besides opening closing pow wow session common intertribal drum sing song anyone want come dance similar dance round dance crow hop performed northern drum horse stealing song southern drum also double beat sneakup womens traditional jingle sidestep song different step used open dancer style addition open dance contest dance particular style age group often held top winner receiving cash prize compete contest dancer must regalia appropriate competition larger pow wow specific category dance category vary somewhat region general category follows men fancy dance fancy feather dance northern southern style dance featuring vivid regalia dramatic movement including spin leap fancy dancer distinguished brightcolored regalia consists two large bustle worn upper lower back northern traditional simply men traditional north dance featuring traditional regalia including single bustle usually eagle feather ribbon shirt bone hair pipe choker breastplate movement based upon warrior scouting battle storytelling tradition tracing powwow first danced ceremony dancer carry dance staff fan usually made wing eagle straight dance southern traditional straight dancer usually neat handmade feature choker breastplate etc dance like northern take one foot step ball foot tap ground tap time put heel millimeter ground repeat process foot walking motion hard especially following beat fast drum catch offbeat tap foot three time instead two get back drum rhythm grass dance dance featuring regalia long flowing fringe design reminiscent grass blowing wind dance movement elaborate traditional dancer less flashy fancy dancer chicken dance recent dance originating northern plain tribe dancer imitate mating dance prairie chicken rocking head back forth spin side side slow majestic movement regalia less elaborate dance usually includes porcupine hair roach two long pheasant tail feather curl backward colored plume dark snug shirt legging worn covered drape chest back short fringe bustle small using small pheasant eagle feather circling outside bustle board bunch small loose feather plume centre dancer carry mirror board gourd one hand eagle tail feather fan eastern war dance dance east coast storytelling dance men wear bustle however carry fan dance stick also called eastern strait dance womens traditional seen northern pow wow dance featuring traditional regalia cloth leather dancer perform precise highly controlled movement buckskin cloth traditional dance south name refers type material dress made regalia similar northern traditional dance however south buckskin cloth dancer judged two separate category dance step regalia category fancy shawl dance featuring woman wearing brilliant color long usually fringed decorated shawl performing rapid spin elaborate dance step jingle dress healing dance jingle dress includes skirt hundred small tin cone make noise dancer move light footwork danced close ground normal intertribal dancing individual activity also couple group dance couple dance include two step owl dance two step couple follows lead head dancer forming line behind contrast owl dance couple dance alone group dance include snake buffalo dance group dance mimic motion snake beginning dance change mimic action herd buffalo pow wow large southern plain community area gourd dance often included start pow wow session gourd dance originated kiowa tribe spread society dance veteran family unlike dance gourd dance normally performed drum center dance arena side though many genre unique different tribe pow wow music characterized pan intertribalism plain culture originator modern pow wow predominating information dancing see dance good drum get dancer good song get dance well without drum group music music dance powwow may many drum pow wow especially weekend weeklong one pow wow feature host drum accorded great respect member drum group often family extended family friend group often named family geographic location tribal society colorful name many group display name jacket cap vehicle chair traditionally men would drum woman would sit behind men singing high harmony beginning mids woman began drumming men seconding singing octave higher song today mixedgender allfemale drum group supply drum group carry include drum rawhide headed cloth bag padded drum stick drum stand folding chair sitting case public address system drum head stand microphone stand pa box often decorated painting eagle feather fur flag strip colored cloth readily noticeable performance hard beat used indicate section song traditional method consists pronounced strike singer every beat may appear first second line song end section repetition song cluster three hard beat consecutive beat may used end series hard beat beat first line song indicate performer enthusiasm hot five method five beat used first hard beat four beat second beat alternate etiquette understand drum protocol drum may thought person regarded respected drum etiquette highly important regional variation drum central symbol oklahoma pow wow located center dance floor pow wow shaped concentric circle southern drum suspended four post one direction northern drum set outside dance area host drum best position drummersingers expected remain drum ready sing moment notice dancer might approach drum whistle fan gesture staff drum indicate request song even drum group turn sing region considered disrespectful leave drum completely unattended drum group allow female sit drum welcome stand behind drummer sing backup harmony reason point vaguely variety tribal story attempt tell history drumming group understands drum offered gift tobacco giveaway musician acknowledge standing drum central pow wow drum help keep beat dancer key melody song rhythm tone pitch help create move p note bill run mention lyric song doubt important lyric song employ vocable syllable sound ya hey loi p particularly evident intertribal song aim song cannot biased towards certain language song structure consists four pushup singing chorus verse four time chorus melody introduced led lead singer seconded another singer second singer begin vary melody leader first line end joined entire chorus rest pushup three stroke hard beat mark end chorus beginning verse dancer alter dancing hopping low like fancy dancer increase tempo volume last five beat mark end final verse dancing stop final beat tail coda finish song shortened chorus sometimes drum group sing song four time particularly song feel good singer seize moment extra pushup two dancer blow whistle pass staff fan drum signal song continued four extra pushup prays singing differs region high falsetto used north south lower range used unfamiliar listener indian singing sound exotic different difficult comprehend contrast quality timbre voice used traditional indian european music may much difficulty however trained ear melody flow ascend descend dancer react change structure melody song boye ladd say give stink song ill dance stink give good music ill give great show implying one appreciate music dancing readily appreciated everyone others say today contemporary contest dancer dance best matter well poorly drum group singing contest generally native american singing follows pentatonic scale like playing black key piano outsider may simply sound like drum beat accompanied vocable song include word cree pikuni lushuutsid niimipuu lakhota sahpatin salish ojibwemowin many native language native american hobbyism germany neerchokikoo potlatch wild westing rendezvous fur trade hatton thomas performance practice northern plain powwow singing group anuario interamericano de investigacion musical vol pp – jstor kyiyo kyiyo celebration kyiyo student organization native american study university montana nettl bruno blackfoot musical thought comparative perspective ohio kent state university press isbn robert chris powwow country isbn medium related pow wow wikimedia common library congress collection omaha powwow music