Quyllurit'i
quylluriti qoyllur riti quechua quyllu riti quyllu bright white riti snow bright white snow syncretic religious festival held annually sinakara valley southern highland cusco region peru local indigenous people andes know festival native celebration star particular celebrate reappearance pleiades constellation known quechua qullqa storehouse associated upcoming harvest new year pleiades disappears view april reappears june new year marked indigenous people southern hemisphere winter solstice june also catholic festival people celebrated period time hundred thousand year pilgrimage associated festival inscribed unesco intangible cultural heritage list according catholic church festival honor lord quylluriti quechua taytacha quylluriti spanish señor de quylluriti originated late th century young native herder mariano mayta befriended mestizo boy named manuel mountain qullqipunku thanks manuel marianos herd prospered father sent cusco buy new shirt manuel mariano could find anything similar kind cloth sold archbishop learning bishop cusco sent party investigate tried capture manuel transformed bush image christ crucified hanging thinking archbishop party harmed friend mariano died spot buried rock became place pilgrimage known lord quylluriti lord star brilliant snow image christ painted boulder quylluriti festival attracts thousand indigenous people surrounding region made paucartambo group quechua speaker agricultural region northwest shrine quispicanchis aymara speaker pastoral herder region southeast moiety make annual pilgrimage feast bringing large troupe dancer musician four group participant particular role chunchu qulla ukuku machula attendee increasingly included middleclass peruvian foreign tourist festival take place late may early june coincide full moon fall one week christian feast corpus christi event include several procession holy icon dance around shrine lord quylluriti culminating event indigenous nonchristian population take place reappearance qullqa night sky rising sun full moon ten thousand people kneel greet first ray light sun rise horizon recently main event church carried ukukus climbed glacier qullqipunku brought back cross block ice place along road shrine believed medicinal healing quality due melting glacier ice longer carried several account origin quylluriti festival follows two version one relates precolumbian origin catholic church version compiled priest town ccatca inca followed solar lunar cycle throughout year cycle moon primary importance timing agricultural activity associated festival many celebration seasonal event related animal husbandry sowing seed harvesting crop important festival quylluriti perhaps important festival given significance meaning still celebrated full moon quylluriti festival take place end period month pleiades constellation seven sister star cluster taurus constellation disappears reappears sky southern hemisphere time disappearance marked inca culture festival pariacaca god water torrential rain occurs near date qarwa mita qarwa meaning corn leaf yellow return constellation day later called unquy mita quechua long associated southern hemisphere time coming harvest therefore time abundance people incan astronomer named pleiades constellation qullqa storehouse native language quechua metaphorically constellation disappearance night sky reemergence approximately two month afterward signal human plane existence time disorder chaos also return order city cuzco late th century celebration corpus christi reached height bishop manuel de mollinedo angulo – procession city including inca noble ceremonial regalia bishop also commissioned portrait noble ceremonial clothes scholar carolyn dean study evidence suggestion related church ritual dean belief early churchman thought catholic ritual could displace indigenous one examines feast corpus christi relationship indigenous harvest festival winter solstice celebrated early june southern hemisphere according church event late th century included sighting christ mountain qullqipunku became part myth pilgrimage festival lord quylluriti still celebrated st century told indian boy named mariano mayta used watch father herd alpaca slope mountain wandered snowfield glacier encountered mestizo boy named manuel became good friend manuel provided mariano food boy return home meal marianos father went looking son surprised find herd increased reward sent mariano cusco get new clothes mariano asked buy also manuel wore outfit every day father agreed mariano asked manuel sample order buy kind cloth cusco mariano told refined cloth restricted use bishop city mariano went see prelate surprised request ordered inquiry manuel directed priest oncogate quispicanchi village close mountain june commission ascended qullqipunku mariano found manuel dressed white shining bright light blinded retreated returning larger party second try reached boy touched transformed tayanka bush baccharis odorata crucified christ hanging thinking party harmed friend mariano fell dead spot buried rock manuel last appeared tayanka tree sent spain requested king charles iii never returned indian population ocongate protested local priest ordered replica became known lord tayankani spanish señor de tayankani burial site mariano attracted great number indian devotee lit candle rock religious authority ordered painting image christ crucified rock image became known lord quylluriti spanish señor de quylluriti quechua quyllur mean star riti mean snow thus term mean lord star snow quylluriti festival attracts pilgrim annually indigenous people rural community nearby region two moiety quechuaspeaking paucartambo people agricultural community located northwest shrine province cusco calca paucartambo urubamba aymaraspeaking quispicanchis encompasses living southeast province acomayo canas canchis quispicanchi geographic division also reflects social economic distinction quechua paucartambo cultivate agricultural crop whereas quispicanchis populated aymara whose life based animal husbandry especially herd alpaca llama peasant moiety undertake annual pilgrimage quylluriti festival representative community carrying small image christ sanctuary together delegation include large troupe dancer musician dressed four main style chunchu wearing feathered headdress carrying wood staff chunchus represent indigenous inhabitant amazon rainforest north sanctuary several type chunchu dancer common wayri chunchu comprises quylluriti dancer qhapaq qulla dressed waqullu knitted mask hat woven sling llama skin qullas represent aymara inhabitant altiplano south sanctuary qulla considered mestizo dance style whereas chunchu regarded indigenous ukuku clad dark coat woolen mask ukukus spectacled bear represent role trickster speak highpitched voice play prank serious responsibility keeping order among thousand pilgrim also go glacier spend night cut block glacier ice carry back people festival valley melted water believed medicinal body mind used holy water church next year quechua mythology ukukus offspring woman bear feared everyone supernatural strength story ukuku redeems defeating condenado cursed soul becoming exemplary farmer machula wearing mask humpback long coat carrying walking stick machulas represent ñawpa machus mythical first inhabitant andes similar way ukukus perform ambiguous role festival comical well constabulary figure quyllur riti also attracts visitor outside paucartambo quispicanchis moiety since increasing number middleclass mainstream peruvian undertake pilgrimage different date traditional pilgrim also rapid growth number north american european tourist drawn indigenous festival prompting fear becoming commercialized pilgrimage associated festival inscribed unesco intangible cultural heritage list festival attended thousand indigenous people come far away bolivia christian celebration organized brotherhood lord quylluriti spanish hermandad del señor de quylluriti lay organization also keep order festival preparation start feast ascension lord quylluriti carried procession chapel mawallani kilometer sanctuary sinaqara first wednesday pentecost second procession carry statue lady fatima sinaqqara sanctuary uphill grotto prepare festival pilgrim arrive trinity sunday blessed sacrament taken procession around sanctuary following day lord qoyllur riti taken procession grotto virgin back pilgrim refer greeting lord mary referring double traditional inca feast pariacaca oncoy mita see section night second day dance troupe take turn perform shrine dawn third day ukukus grouped moiety climb glacier qullqipunku retrieve cross set top ukukus traditionally spent night glacier combat spirit also cut bring back block ice believed sacred medicinal quality ukukus considered one capable dealing condenados cursed soul said inhabit snowfield according oral tradition ukukus different moiety used engage ritual battle glacier practice banned catholic church mass celebrated later day pilgrim leave sanctuary one group carry lord quylluriti procession tayankani taking back mawallani festival precedes official feast corpus christi held thursday following trinity sunday closely associated religion peru syncretism seti gershberg qoyllur riti inca festival celebrating star may path sun website adrian locke ice icon el señor de qoyllur riti symbol native andean catholic worship essex college uk vicente revilla photographer qoyllur riti search lord snow star online exhibit web du bois library university massachusetts amherst october