1912 Summer Olympics
summer olympics swedish olympiska sommarspelen officially known game v olympiad swedish den v olympiadens spel commonly known stockholm international multisport event held stockholm sweden july july opening ceremony held july twentyeight nation competitor including woman competed event sport exception tennis starting may football shooting starting june game held within month official opening july last olympics issue solid gold medal japan debut first time official team asian nation participated stockholm bid game selected game first art competition womens diving womens swimming first feature decathlon new pentathlon american jim thorpe electric timing introduced athletics host country disallowed boxing figure skating rejected organizer wanted promote nordic game united state gold medal host sweden medal overall final olympic game eight year due disruption first world war next olympic game held antwerp following summer olympics london authority sweden immediately sought ensure next game would held two swedish member international olympic committee ioc time viktor balck clarence von rosen pair proposed idea swedish governing body athletics gymnastics order ensure backed potential bid support given national association april bid host olympics stockholm basis suitable financial arrangement could made king gustaf v petitioned may following publication preliminary plan stockholm bid expected cost hosting game would kronor £ government accepted petition behalf king supported bid may meeting ioc berlin swedish representative declared full financial support hosting next game stockholm deal made german ioc representative basis berlin would host summer olympics pierre de coubertin spoke meeting concern sweden ensure game take place want repeat problem great britain hosting game also expressed desire game must kept purely athletic must dignified discreet accordance classic artistic requirement intimate less expensive game duly awarded sweden host stockholm nominated host city summer olympics news stockholm host olympics received enthusiasm swedish public organizing committee took de coubertins word heart aimed achieve olympic game removed element detracted earlier game committee elected autumn balck voted president committee crown prince gustaf adolf selected honorary president committee first meeting took place october october delegated arrangement individual branch sport relevant governing body sweden four exception game shooting modern pentathlon mountain ascent retained olympic committee horse riding competition organized prince carl duke västergötland inspector swedish cavalry altogether member committee official invitation compete game issued november country either directly representative ioc country invited ioc representative swedish authority unsure proceed organizing committee game received confirmation athletic association country sent invitation entry form printed use various nation free transport arranged invited nation equipment discount percent arranged competitor delegate state run railway daily newspaper covered olympics arranged published game english swedish arrangement made general arrival visitor order entertain whilst game pleasure garden opened north olympic stadium series indoor tennis court converted restaurant twelve sport venue used summer olympics marked first time one venue would used football tournament case ever since stockholm olympic stadium served one equestrian venue summer olympics råsunda stadium served venue fifa world cup fifa womens world cup initial bid document identified new stadium would needed initially envisaged located östermalm athletic ground order save fund expected one stadium stand would permanent three made wood dismantled following game cost stadium estimated kronor arrangement made individual national committee provide use östermalm athletic ground traneberg cycling road race held around mälaren third largest lake sweden water event including swimming rowing held djurgårdsbrunnsviken stadium built kaknäs already used shooting range alteration needed accommodate shooting event although used olympic stadium originally intended östermalm hosted lawn tennis fencing competition tennis pavilion moved another location five location considered addition östermalm athletic ground locate olympic stadium stockholm olympic stadium built site former stockholm athletic ground order retain location us game placing north city olympic stadium within immediate vicinity preexisting sporting venue initial funding given sum kr timber stadium torben grut architect also drew alternative plan stone stadium following discussion swedish central association application athletics decided stone version built fund made available national lottery guarantee made funding asked order build stadium however found original estimate stone stadium would still expensive plan modified order simplify design reduce cost agreement entered contractor november would transferred complete may game v olympiad opened july swedish royal family left stockholm palace received olympic stadium member ioc three thousand competing athlete already assembled nearby östermalm athletic ground began enter stadium alphabetical order nation according swedish spelling swedish team entered last unlike later tradition greek team enter first hymn sung traditional swedish chant conducted prayer read first swedish english crown prince gustaf adolf addressed king behalf swedish olympic association king gustav v declared game officially open long speech legitimate joy pride swede see athlete every part world gathered u great honour sweden stockholm chosen scene fifth olympiad bid athlete friend athletics hearty welcome friendly contest nation may grand thought found expression olympic game classic time held honour age competition may become powerful mean promote physical health development every people word herewith declare olympic game stockholm opened afterwards trumpet fanfare played crown prince called cheer king athlete national group marching stadium order ended ceremony swedish delegation ioc meeting berlin may proposed simple olympic schedule containing pure athletics swimming gymnastics wrestling however country requested schedule comprehensive mind put forward programme ioc meeting met approval sport added tug war cycling fencing football horse riding lawn tennis rowing shooting skating yacht racing question adding skating programme discussed february decision made drop schedule felt unsuitable winter sport part nordic game following year boxing removed programme unappealing swede art competition considered meeting february subsequently added programme art competition longer regarded official olympic event international olympic committee result summer olympics programme considered composed sport encompassing discipline event number event discipline noted parenthesis baseball glima gotland sport unofficial demonstration sport also first year art competition held olympics athletic event saw introduction fully automatic timing system developed r carlstedt involved attaching electromagnet chronometer system attached control lamp starting gun race resulted firing gun starting timer stopped one judge finishing line final men metre expected mostly american affair ended six athlete one united state suffered seven false start athlete finally got away ralph craig winning gold medal centimetre front second place alvah meyer donald lippincott bronze cm behind second man kanakuri shizō japanese marathon runner went missing race lost consciousness heatstroke farming family helped stop party taking place villa marathon route order quench thirst caught train stockholm left country next day returned japan without notifying race official year later invited back swedish authority completed race unofficial time year month day hour minute second portuguese francisco lázaro died heat exhaustion running marathon athlete die running olympic marathon american jim thorpe pentathlon newly created decathlon thorpe gold medal stripped international olympic committee ioc learned thorpe taken expense money playing baseball violating contemporary olympic amateurism rule game moved everyone else ranking ioc convinced disqualification improper protest thorpe eligibility brought within required day reinstated thorpe medal replica presented child year thorpe death finally ioc posthumously declared thorpe sole winner pentathlon decathlon event extensive consultation former competitor family said always viewed thorpe winner new olympic record set majority track field event men metre km walk standing high jump standing broad jump hop step jump hurdle competition failing new record set tell berna captured gold henry harry babcock took gold pole vault setting olympic record hannes kolehmainen successful setting record game new olympic record set metre cross country race cycling event game limited road race around lake mälaren already successful route yearly cycling race although originally schedule several country requested track cycling added however organizing committee stuck plan build new track cycling stadium one stockholm destroyed order olympic stadium built addition germany specifically requested cyclepolo figurecycling added programme request turned committee decided hold road race time trial outlaw noncompetitive cyclist acting pacemaker nineteen nation entered athlete competition greater number expected committee largest group great britain entered twelve competitor england another twelve scotland nine ireland race began july athlete leaving group first group left remaining group leaving interval two minute distance raced kilometre mi south african rudolph lewis winning gold medal individual race frederick grubb great britain silver medal carl schutte united state bronze however average position swedish team better competitor swedish team gold medal team competition silver bronze medal followed individual victory going great britain united state respectively – giving grubb schutte second medal variety medal men competition split diving team swedish german team men high dive swedish white swedish diver taking three medal position erik adlerz took gold medal proceeded take gold medal sweden metre platform albert zürner took silver germany gustaf blomgren bronze medal sweden another white occurred metre springboard three medal going german team paul günther taking gold han luber silver medal position kurt behrens bronze metre platform event also took place woman sweden taking two medal greta johansson gold lisa regnell silver great britain isabelle white bronze medal remaining finalist sweden equestrian made first appearance modern olympics game although competition involving horse riding included programme first appearance modern olympic staple dressage eventing show jumping expected competitor would military personnel would cavalry experience compete competition split military competition prize riding prize jumping military competition seven country put forward competitor individual team eventing nation put forward four athlete exception denmark put forward three country also nominated reserve addition main athlete total length course kilometre mi start finish ground field riding club heat day event competitor lost much pound kgin weight swede axel nordlander individual competition led swedish eventing team victory well earning two gold medal second place individual competition german friedrich von rochow also earned second silver medal team germany placed second overall bronze medal split nationality american team taking bronze team event frenchman jacques cariou individual medal two additional country entered dressage although sweden entered maximum number competitor event resulted sweden taking three medal gold going carl bonde silver gustaf adolf boltenstern bronze han von blixenfinecke individual show jumping competition individual equestrian event olympics sweden medal gold medal instead going cariou french add bronze medal dressage rabod von kröcher taking silver germany emmanuel de blommaert winning bronze belgium team event saw sweden take another gold medal french team second german team featuring prince friedrich karl prussia bronze medal position foil competition became full olympic event appeared game demonstration sport nedo nadi pietro speciale italy took gold silver medal respectively richard verderber austria placed third individual team event épée sabre épée team event saw belgium take gold medal great britain netherlands second third place respectively member belgian team went take individual title well paul anspach taking gold medal ivan joseph martin osiier denmark took silver medal another belgian team event philippe le hardy de beaulieu bronze medal sabre competition dominated competitor hungary team taking gold medal austria netherlands individual competition saw shut hungarian athlete jenő fuchs winning overall competition béla békessy second ervin mészáros third thirteen country signalled intention enter football team olympics standard cup tie system implemented final deciding gold silver medallist thirdfourth position playoff deciding bronze medal winner fifa affiliated team allowed take part public draw tournament taking place june tournament started june first round finland defeated italy – austria beat germany – netherlands emerged victorious sweden – team great britain gold medal summer game given bye second round faced hungary – finland also match defeating russia – denmark matched british scoreline winning – norway netherlands austria – semi final match pitted great britain finland – denmark netherlands ending – victory denmark netherlands thirdfourth place playoff biggest scoreline tournament beating finland – later day final played olympic stadium great britain retained gold medal denmark front spectator goal harold walden arthur berry two gordon hoare helped britain win margin – gymnastic competition game featured single individual competition three team event addition variety display various team swedish team naturally gymnastics event swedish system referred programme team competition fellow scandinavian team denmark norway taking second third position around team competition came second italy taking gold addition one italian team member alberto braglia individual gold event louis ségura french team individual silver another member italian team adolfo tunesi individual bronze around team competition saw hungary take silver medal team great britain third place final team competition allowed free choice movement apparatus another scandinavian affair norwegian team emerging victorious finland second denmark bronze medal position modern pentathlon competed game marking first appearance olympics game five event shooting swimming equestrian fencing cross country running decided make pentathlon competition spread across five day july ending cross country race men participated event although woman named helen preece briefly enrolled compete organizing committee ultimately denied entry shooting element competitor allowed bring pistol american competitor george patton later better known second world war u army general used colt revolver danish competitor preferred danish army service pistol german norwegian used luger p pistol swede used target practice pistol smith wesson shooting part competition gösta åsbrink georg de laval gösta lilliehöök second third place respectively three representing sweden swimming event three length metre ft athlete split eight heat time going forward calculate position ralph clilverd great britain event edmond bernhardt austria second de laval third fencing competition saw competitor face several opponent noted particular skill event åke grönhagen sweden coming first win jean de ma latrie france second sidney stranne sweden third patton united state close behind thirteen competitor cleared equestrian course without penalty grönhagen winning event bror mannström sweden second de laval third cross country run metre started olympic stadium event run time trial competitor leaving one minute apart final event winning competitor announced race lilliehöök winning gold medal åsbrink taking silver de laval bronze highest placed nonswedish competitor patton finished fifth rowing event olympics prove popular public put fatigue public due volume sporting event eight competition split heat two team heat two british crew lucky drawn team leander club facing new college oxford final leander length time coxed four followed similar format eight german team ludwigshafener ruderverein defeating britain thames rowing club final competition coxed four inriggers much smaller four nation competing danish team defeated sweden final single scull heat proved controversial first round race mart kuusik alfred heinrich rerun protest heinrich addition cecil mcvilly disqualified first round colliding boat martin stahnke wally kinnear great britain defeated polydore veirman belgium final kinnear winning matchup easily yacht sailing competition assembled nynäshamn july along vessel take part olympic regatta racing started following day metre class three nation yacht competing event host sweden well norway finland norway gold medal sweden silver finland came last place winning bronze metre class number country entering although time sweden entered two yacht russia competed instead norway swedish yacht kitty winning vessel finnish boat second russian coming third slightly improved field featured metre class four country entering two yacht medal awarded exactly nation metre class another scandinavian affair metre class saw diverse field sailing event olympics six country entered total nine yacht france denmark competed sailing event along sweden sending two yacht three nation successful event french yacht mac miche taking gold danish nurdug ii taking silver swedish kerstin placing third eighteen shooting event olympics eight team event competition split predominantly three section military rifle shooting shooting miniature rifle pistol revolver clay bird running deer shooting swedish american competitor successful competition seven gold medal although sweden total seventeen medal united state team fourteen yearold oscar swahn part swedish single shot running deer team still oldest gold medal winner olympic history swimming hawaiian duke kahanamoku metre freestyle united state also saw harry hebner win gold metre backstroke canadian team also took two gold medal george hodgson metre event german swimming team three medal metre breaststroke gold going walter bathe gold metre breaststroke australasian team victorious men relay united state finishing silver medal position great britain placing third game saw implementation swimming event woman metre freestyle metre team relay taking place fanny durack individual contest breaking world record distance fourth heat fellow australian mina wylie silver medal jennie fletcher great britain came third take bronze medal british team success womens relay winning team relay german team second place austrian team third four country entered relay heat final held united state field womens team new olympic record set swimming event game tennis covered court agreed initially game competition run gentlemens single double lady single mixed double outdoor tournament confirmed östermalm athletic ground completed late plan modified indoor outdoor tournament six country sent player covered court competition representative sweden great britain denmark france australasia bohemia appearing included lineup australasia competitor anthony wilding new zealand also reigning wimbledon gentlemens champion indoor knockout competition started may continued expected semifinal round wilding beaten britain charles p dixon british player met frenchman andré gobert final gobert victorious englishman straight set wilding took bronze medal playoff another british player arthur lowe outdoors tennis competition saw player enter nation however great britain enter competitor date outdoor competition clashed wimbledon championship despite attempt british authority convince olympic organizing committee change date noted tennis player refused compete olympics instead attended wimbledon gold silver medal gentlemens single ended decided two south african charles winslow harold kitson playing winslow match gold medal – – – – duo also competed pair gentlemens double took gold medal beating austrian felix pipe arthur zborzil marguerite broquedis france defeated dorothea koring germany lady single gold medal mixed double koring teamed heinrich schomburgk win gold duo defeating sigrid fick gunnar setterwall sweden final tug war competition scheduled take place july two match taking place day however five country elected enter competition two actually appeared great britain arrived match bohemia opposition team nowhere found britain duly declared winner thing happened second match swedish team made policeman stockholm arriving find austrian team arrived sweden announced winner match austrian absence second day competition great britain took sweden occasion team actually turned bout british team made winner gold medal event game exception john sewell mathias hynes british team also consisted policeman bout ended effectively city london police stockholm police swedish team winning – due nonappearance team luxembourg one match ended entire tug war event olympics sweden awarded gold medal great britain silver water polo tournament set modified elimination system six team entered first round saw british team defeating belgian team sweden defeating french team austria defeating hungary lot drawn determine match would take place second round three team left competition great britain drawn face sweden defeated austria automatically qualified final winner britainsweden matchup great britain gold medal event defeating austria – playoff match played pair defeated team order decide second third place sweden belgium played three match decide silver bronze medal position sweden emerging victorious – nation game entered total wrestler although actual competitor appeared sweden fewer actually turning compete grecoroman wrestling style wrestling competed game bout took place open air area olympic stadium wrestler split according weight five division featherweight lightweight middleweight later referred middleweight middleweight b later referred light heavyweight heavyweight skill competitor finland noted featherweight competition kaarlo koskelo taking gold medal german georg gerstäcker took silver medal went finland otto lasanen taking bronze lightweight class drew attention public emil väre winning gold beating opponent pin rather point swedish wrestler gustaf malmström edvin mattiasson took silver bronze medal respectively claes johanson sweden gold medal middleweight competition fellow finalist russia martin klein retiring fighting johanson final due semifinal match klein alfred asikainen finland lasting hour forty minute although took break refreshment every halfhour klein awarded silver medal asikainen bronze light heavyweight competition saw another marathon length match bout anders ahlgren sweden ivar böhling finland gold medal lasting nine hour match declared draw athlete awarded silver medal neither match bronze medal went hungary béla varga defeated ahlgren semifinal match yrjö saarela finland victorious heavyweight competition placed second light heavyweight event game johan olin took another medal finland silver søren marinus jensen repeated bronze medal olympics another denmark summer olympics saw introduction art competition summer olympics event implemented literature sculpture painting architecture music walter winans gold medal sculpture american trotter added previous gold medal running deer double shot competition olympics silver medal running deer competition baron pierre de coubertin president ioc founder modern olympic movement gold medal literature actually entered competition pseudonym george hohrod martin eschbach germany exception sculpture competition gold medal issued italian riccardo barthelemy medal music olympic triumphal march fellow countryman giovanni pellegrini gold painting swiss architect eugèneedouard monod alphonse laverrière shared gold stadium design sole silver medal sculpture went frenchman george dubois model entrance modern stadium evening july demonstration took place olympic stadium sport swedish island gotland began pm demonstration pärk type tennis seven player side time end stadium type icelandic wrestling called glima demonstrated display concluded demonstration made swedish sport varpa similar quoit stångstörtning version caber toss baseball also demonstrated game game played united state nation game developed sweden host nation game held monday july started ostermalm athletic ground stockholm american represented various member american olympic track field athletics delegation swedish team vesterås baseball club formed first baseball club sweden four american played sweden swedish pitcher catcher inexperienced one swede eventually relieved adam nelson american pitcher six inning played american batting sixth allowing swede six out half inning game umpired george wright retired american national league baseball player twentyeight nation competed game egypt participated first time luxembourg iceland portugal serbia japan also made olympic debut marking first appearance asian country olympic game chile made first appearance national team fourteen athlete attending game although previously entered one individual game also first time athlete armenia competed olympics part team turkey officially recognised name ottoman empire serbia appearance time attended olympic game independent nation summer olympics almost one hundred year later nation participated previous game london absent stockholm argentina austria hungary competed two sovereign country polity known austriahungary mistakenly considered single sovereign country reality two sovereign state real union single monarch titled emperor austria king hungary time australasia australia new zealand canada south africa part british empire bohemia part austria iceland part denmark finland part russia egypt de jure control turkey de facto run british since last olympics allowed private entry ie individual athlete part country officially selected team arnold jackson one private entry metre second ahead american trio acclaimed time greatest race ever run medal still credited united kingdom however top nation medal game medal included solid gold medal last time given list ioc country code stockholm olympicscom international olympic committee swedish olympic committee erik bergvall ed official report olympic game stockholm pdf stockholm wahlstrom widstrand archived original pdf