Dengaku
dengaku 田楽 rustic japanese celebration classified two type dengaku developed musical accompaniment rice planting observance dengaku dance developed conjunction sangaku dengaku celebrated rice planting performed villager either new year planting season early summer th century dance brought city incorporated noh theater notably playwright actor kanami instrument dengaku sasara wooden percussive instrument clapper though instrument used eiga monogatari detailed description riceplanting dengaku brought aristocrat dengaku flourished till end heian period – became main performing art kamakura period – well part performing art muromachi period – end muromachi period dengaku eclipsed sarugaku today barely survives folk performing art dengaku closely linked native japanese religion shinto ritualistic element incorporated sarugaku form noh theatre late th century kyoto experienced dengaku performance attracted class people either observer participant event ended peacefully others descended violence however characterized parade people dressed colorful costume dancing playing loud music dengaku started music dancing performed conjunction field labor called taasobi form rural entertainment evolved heian period response diverse social economic political cultural movement two type dengaku developed latter half period first entertainment accompanied field labor new element increasingly dominant entertaining aspect growing interest shown local noble nobility desired dominate rural area increase crop thereby boost tax income countryside second originated kyotoarea temple shrine started adding dengaku sacred rite service account entertainment growing popularity ability attract large audience thcentury urban growth kyoto dengaku slowly dissociated agricultural religious context two century end th century dengaku popular form entertainment earliest mention appears nihon kiryaku performance recorded taking place matsuo festival yamazaki kampaku regent fujiwara michinaga sought entertain daughter shōshi mother emperor goichijō ordered riceplanting carried activity could viewed pavilion palace staying day looked farmer worked field witnessed dengaku performance new element noble viewing performance enjoying experience throughout th century nobility interest evident dengaku way dominating rural culture pure entertainment new style developed called fūryū dengaku fūryū generic term procession developed second half heian period catastrophe repeatedly struck kyoto environs procession organized placate deity demon ghost thought responsible characterized colorful costume worn performer loud music dengaku adopted powerful shrine kyoto came regularly performed goryōe one capital main festival meant appease agitated spirit original dengaku rice field continued flourish rural society fact still survives many agricultural area fusion two type new form entertainment originated developing relationship urban rural society time goryōe festival gion shrine played major role bringing fusion festival major gathering kyoto citizen peasant surrounding village assembly motivated fear superstition easily took political social perspective time dissatisfaction became rallying point support future political development result dengaku obtained significance far beyond original ritual religious artistic merit end th century witness end kampaku system government beginning insei form insei system began emperor shirakawa taking local control following abdication new type government took advantage public interest dengaku shown growing participation mass religious political cultural affair great dengaku movement insei government strove prove independence kampaku system dengaku effective mean obtain goal folklorism folklore display mainly purpose tourism cultural preservation presentation japan folk performing art occur frequently outofcontext number event folkculture tourism context taken mean local shinto buddhist festival ceremonial performing art divided category scholar incorporate context known dengaku typically part latewinter earlyspring festival guarantee successful agricultural cycle thornbury indicates study folk performing art began late important area inquiry folklore research research performing art general noted often study came two field research little reality folk performing art currently exist one exception work yamaji kōzō identified seven pattern describe performance could rooted community seven pattern identify historic basis understanding relationship folk performing art associated region showing significance folk performing art cultural history japan yamaji directly mention dengaku second third pattern yamajis second pattern covering late th late th century provincial manor established noble powerful religious complex introduced festival like held kyoto honor deity performer sent capital developed locally yamaji refers period procession display performing art dengaku odori dengaku dance kasuga wakamiya onmatsuri began one best documented japan folk performing art event example pattern dating time period second pattern third focus performing art incorporated ceremonial buddhist temple established local clan ennen blanket term performing art dengaku odori performer professional experience particular performing art hired teach priest youthsintraining temple current example pattern motsuji ennen iwate prefecture yamajis analysis cannot account every form folk performing art evidence large portion insufficient certainty dismiss notion folk performing art originally local creation say every folk performing art born cultural capital taasobi one exception frequently mentioned shuten dōji drunken demon one famous popular oni legend medieval japanese literature according legend shuten dōji overlord oni follower abducting devouring young kyoto maiden warrior sent imperial court destroy warrior helped attending deity carried mission rescuing survivor restoring peace land carnivalesque literature inverts power structure demystifying lampooning particular culture hold serious sacred one point legend group oni disguised dengaku troupe emerge entertain warrior fierce stare ward general meaning dengaku refers ritual related agriculture thus fertility regeneration could simply described form dance people play musical instrument dancing various combination ōeyama ekotoba scroll two warrior visit shrine pray protection entertained dengaku scene villain palace oni also perform dengaku location performance similar angle building posture costume identical oni dengaku lampoon earlier wholesome dance shrine shrine performance warrior prayer succeed mission whereas oni dengaku seek trick warrior facilitate killing dengaku described welcomed class fundraising capacity monk organized dengaku competition raise fund building bridge attendance performance ranged member imperial court commoner attendance fascinated dengaku collapse reviewing stand claimed life people background contrast fertility ritual death innocent people important carnivalesque event represents destruction renewal growth performing art considered part japanese society bad omen sudden appearance oni dengaku troupe story seen harbinger shuten dōjis doom could said carnivalesque ritual lead demise shuten dōji defeat shuten dōji brings time peace japan renewed imperial authority additional recognition warrior class carnivalesque point view dance dance death rebirth nachi fire festival said one japan three largest fire festival part kumano nachi shrine annual festival officially called ōgi matsuri fan festival festival held annually july dedicated god precinct kumano nachi shrine company actjt performed dengaku dance terrace casa de vacas madrid spain participation ten spanish volunteer cultural exchange event performed within framework spainjapan dual year event encyclopædia britannica ultimate reference suite dvd articlearts east asian encyclopædia britannica ultimate reference suite dvd articlekanami encyclopedia shinto 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