Beloved in 1999 was whose first movie since The Color Purple in 1985?
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Beloved (film) The Color Purple (film)
Beloved is a 1998 American horror-drama film  based on Toni Morrison's 1987 novel of the same name, directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Oprah Winfrey, Danny Glover, and Thandie Newton. The plot centers on a former slave after the American Civil War, her haunting by a poltergeist, and the visitation of her reincarnated daughter whom she murdered out of desperation to save her from a slave owner. Despite being a box office bomb, Beloved received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design for Colleen Atwood, and both Danny Glover and Kimberly Elise received praise for their performances.

Plot

Sethe is a former slave living on the outskirts of Cincinnati shortly after the Civil War. An angry poltergeist terrorizes Sethe and her three children, causing her two sons to run away forever. Eight years later, Sethe (Oprah Winfrey) lives alone with her daughter, Denver (Kimberly Elise). Paul D. (Danny Glover), an old friend from Sweet Home, the plantation Sethe had escaped from years earlier, finds Sethe's home, where he drives off the angry spirit. Afterwards, Paul D. proposes that he should stay and Sethe responds favorably. Shortly after Paul D. moves in, a clean, mentally handicapped young woman (Thandie Newton) named Beloved stumbles into Sethe's yard and also stays with them.

Denver is initially happy to have Beloved around, but learns that she is Sethe's reincarnated daughter. Nonetheless, she chooses not to divulge Beloved's origins to Sethe. One night, Beloved, aware that Paul D. dislikes her, immobilizes him with a spell and proceeds to assault him sexually. Paul D. resolves to tell Sethe what happened, but instead tells what has happened to a co-worker, Stamp Paid (Albert Hall). Stamp Paid, who has known Sethe for many years, pulls a newspaper clipping featuring Sethe and tells her story to the illiterate Paul D.

Years ago, Sethe was raped by the nephews of Schoolteacher, the owner of Sweet Home. She complained to Mrs. Garner, Schoolteacher's sister-in-law, who confronted him. In retaliation, Schoolteacher and his nephews whip Sethe. Heavily pregnant with her fourth child, Sethe planned to escape. Her other children were sent off earlier to live with Baby Suggs, Sethe's mother-in-law, but Sethe stayed behind to look for her husband, Halle (Hill Harper) Sethe was assaulted while searching for him in the barn. The Schoolteacher's nephews held her down, raped her and forcibly took her breast milk.

When Halle failed to comply, Sethe ran off alone. She crossed paths with Amy Denver, a white girl who treated Sethe's injuries and delivered Sethe's child, whom Sethe named Denver after Amy. Sethe eventually reached Baby Suggs' home, but her initial happiness was short-lived when Schoolteacher came to claim Sethe and her children. In desperation, Sethe slits her older daughter's throat, and attempts to kill her other children. Stamp Paid manages to stop her and the disgusted Schoolteacher departs.

Paul D., horrified by the revelation and suddenly understanding the origin of the poltergeist, confronts Sethe. Sethe justifies her decision without apology, claiming that her children would be better off dead than enslaved. Paul D. departs shortly thereafter in protest. After Paul D.'s departure, Sethe realizes that Beloved is the reincarnation of her dead daughter. Feeling elated yet guilty, Sethe spoils Beloved with elaborate gifts while neglecting Denver. Beloved soon throws a destructive tantrum and her malevolent presence causes living conditions in the house to deteriorate. The women live in squalor and Sethe is unable to work. Denver becomes depressed yet, inspired by a memory of her grandmother's confidence in her, she eventually musters the courage to leave the house and seek employment.

After Denver attains employment, women from the local church visit Sethe's house at the request of her new co-worker to perform an exorcism. The women from the church comfort the family, and they are praying and singing loudly when Denver's new employer arrives to pick her up for work. Sethe sees him and, reminded of Schoolteacher's arrival, tries to attack him with an icepick, but is subdued by Denver and the women. During the commotion, Beloved disappears completely and Sethe, freed from Beloved's grip, becomes permanently bedridden.

Some months later, Paul D. encounters Denver at the marketplace. He notices she has transformed into a confident and mature young woman. When Paul D. later arrives at Sethe's house, he finds her suffering from a deep malaise. He assures Sethe that he and Denver will now take care of her. Sethe tells him that she doesn't see the point, as Beloved, her "best thing", is gone. Paul D. disagrees, telling Sethe that she herself is her own best thing.

Cast

* Oprah Winfrey as Sethe
* Danny Glover as Paul D.
* Thandie Newton as Beloved
* Kimberly Elise as Denver
* Hill Harper as Halle
* Beah Richards as Baby Suggs
* Lisa Gay Hamilton as Younger Sethe
* Jason Robards as Mr. Bodwin
* Harry Northup as Sheriff
* Jude Ciccolella as Schoolteacher
* Wes Bentley as Schoolteacher's Nephew
* Irma P. Hall as Ella
* Dorothy Love Coates as M. Lucille Williams

Production

Prior to Morrison's receipt of the Pulitzer Prize for Beloved, Winfrey purchased the rights to the novel in 1987; the translation to film then occurred a decade later.  There was a conflict over screenplay credit with Akosua Busia demanding sole credit and saying Adam Brooks and Richard LaGravenese got too much. WGA gave credit to all three. Busia said they were all little more than script doctors. 

Filming locations

Filming locations included a soundstage in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and a field in Fair Hill Natural Resources Management Area, in Cecil County, Maryland, at a spot just east of Big Elk Creek and just south of the border with Chester County, Pennsylvania.  In 1998 the State of Maryland compiled a document that included a location-map and photographs of the buildings constructed for the film as they stood in Fair Hill NRMA.  Filming also took place In Montgomery County PA, on the north side of the Schuylkill River with in Valley Forge National Historical Park.  Filming locations also included New Castle, Delaware

Praise for Winfrey

During promotion of the film, Thandie Newton said to Vogue magazine, "Here we were working on this project with the heavy underbelly of political and social realism, and she managed to lighten things up ... I've worked with a lot of good actors, and I know Oprah hasn't made many films. I was stunned. She's a very strong technical actress and it's because she's so smart. She's acute. She's got a mind like a razor blade." 

Critical reception

Critical reception was positive, with a 78% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 67 reviews.  The film, however, was a failure at the box office and could not come close to surpassing its $80 million budget.  According to BoxOfficeMojo.com and TheNumbers.com, the movie grossed only $8,165,551 on its opening weekend, ranking #5 and being beat out by the horror movie Bride of Chucky which ranked #2 and grossed approx $11,830,855 the same weekend. Winfrey has gone on public record stating that she ate 30 pounds of macaroni and cheese when she was informed the Saturday after the movie opened that "we got beat by something called Chucky."   Oprah also claimed that Beloveds failure at the box office was the worst moment in her career and brought her into a major depression. "It was the only time in my life that I was ever depressed, and I recognised that I (was) depressed because I've done enough shows (on the topic). 'Oh, this is what people must feel like who are depressed.'"

Director Jonathan Demme has commented, "Beloved only played in theaters for four weeks. It made $22 million dollars -- I think that's a lot of money. And the only reason it left theaters after a month was because the Disney corporation that released the picture wanted all the Beloved theaters -- where we were doing very well, in a number of situations. The Walt Disney company wanted those theaters for Adam Sandler's Waterboy. So, we were told that they were gonna bring us back at the end of the year, and they didn't."   Box office records have shown that Beloved remained in theaters into the holiday season, and by December 27, 1998, had grossed $22,746,521. The film later returned to theaters for two weeks in March 1999, grossing an additional $1,000. 

In 2013, Winfrey reflected on the film, saying: "To this day I ask myself, was it a mistake? Was it a mistake to not try and make [it] a more commercial film? To take some things out and tell the story differently so that it would be more palatable to an audience? Well, if you wanted to make a film that everybody would see, then that would be a mistake. But at the time, I was pleased with the film that we did because it represented to me the essence of the Beloved book."

Accolades

*Academy Awards
**Best Costume Design: Colleen Atwood (Nominated)
*Chicago Film Critics
**Most Promising Actress: Kimberly Elise (Winner)
**Best Supporting Actress: Kimberly Elise (Nominated)
**Best Cinematography: Tak Fujimoto (Nominated)
*NAACP Image Awards
**Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture: Danny Glover (Winner)
**Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture: Oprah Winfrey (Nominated)
**Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture: Beah Richards (Nominated)
**Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture: Kimberly Elise (Nominated)
**Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture: Thandie Newton (Nominated)
**Outstanding Motion Picture: (Nominated) The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and introduced Whoopi Goldberg as Celie Harris-Johnson.

Filmed in Anson and Union counties in North Carolina,  the film tells the story of a young African American girl named Celie Harris and shows the problems African American women faced during the early 20th century, including domestic violence, incest, pedophilia, poverty, racism, and sexism. Celie is transformed as she finds her self-worth through the help of two strong female companions. 

Plot

Taking place in Georgia between winter 1909 and autumn 1937, the film explores the life of an ordinary African American woman named Celie Harris, whose abuse begins when she is young. By the time she is fourteen, she has had one child by her father, Alphonso "James" Harris, and is pregnant with another. He takes them away from her at childbirth and forces the young Celie to marry Albert Johnson, a rich, young widower who is only known to her as "Mister", who forces her to raise his unruly children and treats her like a mute servant. He beats and rapes her often, intimidating Celie into submission and near silence. Celie's sister Nettie comes to live with them after running away from home, and there is a brief period of happiness as the sisters spend time together and Nettie begins to teach Celie how to read. This is short-lived; after unsuccessfully attempting to rape Nettie, Albert becomes angered and he kicks her out. Before being run off, Nettie promises to write to Celie.

Celie also finds strength in Sofia, a fiery and confident woman who marries Albert's son Harpo. Harpo confides in his father that Sofia is hard to control. Albert tells Harpo he should beat her, so he can control her. He asks the same question of Celie. Celie, afraid of what Albert may do if she says otherwise, says to beat her too. Later, Sofia angrily confronts Celie about telling Harpo to beat her, citing that like Celie, the men in her family have attempted to abuse her into submission all her life, and that she will not put up with it from Harpo. Years later, after having many children, and going through a back-and-forth abusive relationship, Sofia decides to leave Harpo. Celie begins to lose hope that her sister is alive as no letters appear for her at the letter box.

Years later during a storm, Albert's old sweetheart, jazz singer Shug Avery, comes to live with him and Celie. Shug and Celie eventually become close friends. Shug confides in Celie about her difficult relationship with her father, a local pastor. Harpo builds a Juke Joint, a small bar with Shug singing the opening night. It proves to be a popular place for townsmen and does well. However, Shug's pastor father condemns the juke joint. Harpo's new girlfriend Squeak gets into a fight with Sofia, and a fight breaks out in the bar. Shug tries to reconcile with her father the pastor, but is unsuccessful and decides to leave. Celie attempts to run away with her, but fear stops her.

One day, during a walk in town, Sofia's high-spiritedness proves to be her downfall, as a rude remark to the town mayor's wife "Miss Millie" and a retaliatory punch to the mayor himself ends with Sofia beaten and jailed for eight years. After her jailtime, Sofia ends up being the mayor's wife's maid. Sofia is shown to be prematurely aged and permanently disfigured due to the severe beatings she received in jail and demoralized into an almost catatonic state. Before Christmas Day, Miss Millie offers to drive Sofia back home to celebrate the holidays for the afternoon, but this is short-lived when Miss Millie gets frantic by the family members and wants to leave.

During a visit for Easter from Shug and her new husband Grady, Celie and Shug discover many years' worth of Nettie's correspondence. During all this time, Nettie has been living with the couple who adopted Celie's two children, now missionaries in Africa, and writing frequently to Celie - however, Celie has been unaware of the correspondence, as Albert had confiscated the letters, collecting them under a loose floorboard and forbade Celie to touch the mailbox, having told her she'd never hear from Nettie again. Reading the experiences written of Africa written in the letters and the assurance that she is still alive gives Celie hope that they may see each other again. She reads that Nettie is attempting to gain immigration status, but is unable to come home yet. 

At a family dinner, Celie finally asserts herself, excoriating Albert and his father's years of abuse of her. Shug informs Albert that she and Grady are leaving and that Celie is coming with them. Harpo's girlfriend Squeak declares she is going with them as well. Despite Albert's attempts to verbally abuse Celie into submission, she stands up to him by mentioning that he kept Nettie away from her because Nettie was the only one who really loved her. Seeing Celie stand up for herself, Sofia returns to her normal self, laughing hysterically at a dumbfounded and embarrassed Albert. She also warns Celie not to follow in her own footsteps as Celie holds a knife to Albert's throat after he provokes her. It is at this point that Celie curses Albert, saying that until he does what's right by her, everything he tries or thinks about will fail. As Shug, Grady, Squeak, and Celie go to the car, Albert readies to beat Celie, but she stares him down and they leave.

In Tennessee, Celie opens a successful haberdashery.  Upon the death of her father, Celie learns that he was, in fact, her stepfather, and that she has inherited her childhood home, the farm, and a shop from her real father. She opens her second slacks shop, naming it Miss Celie's Folks Pants, while Harpo and Sofia reconcile during some fittings with Celie. Meanwhile, Albert starts feeling the effects of Celie's words. By fall 1937, he has fallen into alcoholism and isolation, and neglected his home, farm, and livestock, spending most of his evenings at his son Harpo's Juke Joint until closing hours. His father visits him and suggests that he find a new wife, but Albert refuses the idea and turns his father out of the house.

Another day, while performing at the juke joint, Shug leads patrons from the juke joint to the church. She begins to sing powerfully and approaches her father. He is moved and embraces her while the whole church rejoices.

Celie receives a letter from the immigration office. Albert has arranged for Nettie, her husband, and Celie's two children and daughter-in-law to come back to America from Africa. Celie's children, Adam and Olivia, rejoice as they are reunited with her at Celie's farm. Albert looks on from a distance, and Shug smiles at him because he finally did the right thing. Nettie and Celie play their childhood clapping game as the sun sets.

Cast

* Whoopi Goldberg as Celie Harris Johnson
** Desreta Jackson as young Celie
* Danny Glover as Albert Johnson ("Mister")
* Oprah Winfrey as Sofia Johnson
* Margaret Avery as Shug Avery
** Táta Vega as Shug's singing voice
* Akosua Busia as Nettie Harris
* Adolph Caesar as Old Mister (Albert's Father)
* Willard Pugh as Harpo Johnson
** Howard Starr as young Harpo
* Rae Dawn Chong as Squeak
* Larry Fishburne as Swain
* Grand Bush as Randy
* Dana Ivey as Miss Millie
* Phillip Strong as Mayor
* Leon Rippy as Store clerk
* Bennet Guillory as Grady
* James Tillis as Henry "Buster" Broadnax
* Leonard Jackson as Alphonso "Pa" Harris
* Peto Kinsaka as Adam Johnson
* Lelo Masamba as Olivia Johnson
* Gayle King (uncredited) as Churchgoer

Release

The Color Purple was shown at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival as a non-competing title. 

Critical response

The film received positive reviews from critics, receiving praise for its acting, direction, screenplay, score, and production merits, but was criticized by some for being "over-sentimental" and "stereotypical." Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 88% based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average score of 6.9/10. The site's consensus states: "A sentimental tale that reveals great emotional truths in American history." 

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film four stars, calling it "the year's best film." He also praised Whoopi Goldberg, calling her role "one of the most amazing debut performances in movie history" and predicting she would win the Academy Award for Best Actress. (She was nominated but did not win.) Ebert wrote of The Color Purple:

Ebert's long-time television collaborator, Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune, praised the film as "triumphantly emotional and brave," calling it Spielberg's "successful attempt to enlarge his reputation as a director of youthful entertainments." Siskel wrote that The Color Purple was "a plea for respect for black women." Although acknowledging that the film was a period drama, he praised its "... incredibly strong stand against the way black men treat black women. Cruel is too kind a word to describe their behavior. The principal black men in The Color Purple use their women — both wives and daughters — as sexual chattel." 

New York Times film critic Janet Maslin noted the film's divergence from Walker's book, but made the case that this shift works: 

Variety found the film over-sentimental, writing, "there are some great scenes and great performances in The Color Purple, but it is not a great film. Steven Spielberg's turn at 'serious' film-making is marred in more than one place by overblown production that threatens to drown in its own emotions." 

In addition, some critics alleged that the movie stereotyped black people in general  and black men in particular, pointing to the fact that Spielberg, a white man, had directed a predominantly African American story.

Filmmaker Oliver Stone defended The Color Purple as "an excellent movie, and it was an attempt to deal with an issue that had been overlooked, and it wouldn't have been done if it hadn't been Spielberg. And it's not like everyone says, that he ruined the book. That's horseshit. Nobody was going to do the book. He made the book live again." 

In 2004, Ebert included The Color Purple in his list of "Great Movies". He stated that "I can see its flaws more easily than when I named it the best film of 1985, but I can also understand why it moved me so deeply, and why the greatness of some films depends not on their perfection or logic, but on their heart." 

Box office

The Color Purple was a success at the box office, staying in U.S. theaters for 21 weeks, and grossing over $142 million worldwide.  In terms of box office income, it ranked as the #1 rated PG-13 film released in 1985, and #4 overall. 

Accolades

The Color Purple was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Goldberg and Best Supporting Actress for both Avery and Winfrey.  It failed to win any of them, tying the record set by 1977's The Turning Point for the most Oscar nominations without a single win. 
;Academy Awards nominations:
* Best Picture – Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Quincy Jones
* Best Actress in a Leading Role – Whoopi Goldberg
* Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Margaret Avery 
* Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Oprah Winfrey
* Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium – Menno Meyjes
* Best Cinematography – Allen Daviau 
* Best Art Direction – Set Decoration – J. Michael Riva, Bo Welch and Linda DeScenna
* Best Costume Design – Aggie Guerard Rodgers 
* Best Makeup – Ken Chase 
* Best Music, Original Score – Quincy Jones, Jeremy Lubbock, Rod Temperton, Caiphus Semenya, Andraé Crouch, Chris Boardman, Jorge Calandrelli, Joel Rosenbaum, Fred Steiner, Jack Hayes, Jerry Hey and Randy Kerber  
* Best Original Song for "Miss Celie's Blues (Sister)" – Quincy Jones, Rod Temperton and Lionel Richie

The Color Purple was nominated for four Golden Globes, including Best Picture (Drama), Best Director for Spielberg, and Best Supporting Actress for Winfrey. Its only win went to Goldberg for Best Actress (Drama).

Meyjes was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 40th awards ceremony and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 38th awards ceremony. 

Spielberg received this first Directors Guild of America Award at the 38th awards ceremony for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures. He became the first director to win the award without even being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director.
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