How many stars are on the national flag of Liberia?
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Five-pointed_star.txt National_flag.txt
Five-pointed star National flag
A five-pointed star (☆) is a common ideogram used throughout the world. If the colinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced.

The five-pointed star, geometrically a regular concave decagon, used in flags originates from European or Western heraldry, and the golden five-pointed star has associations with military power and war. It has also become a symbol of fame or "stardom" in Western culture.

Comparison with a pentagram 

File:Five-pointed star.svg|A simple five-pointed star
File:Pentagram.svg|A pentagram with strokes through the center
File:Inverted Pentagram circumscribed.svg|A pentacle is an enscribed pentagram (inverted in this image)

Flags 

Five-pointed stars are found on many flags, generally in solid form, although some, such as the flag of New Zealand, have a different-colored outline. The pentagram appears on only two national flags, those of Ethiopia and Morocco.

Five-pointed stars appear on the flag and in the heraldic symbolism of the United States. In the U.S.  context, the stars allegedly symbolize the heavens. They stand in contrast to the vexillologically rarer seven-pointed stars, such as those used in the flag of Australia – which also has 1 five pointed star, Epsilon Crucis – 5 pointed star, 1/10 of the way right and 1/24 down from the centre fly.
 

File:Flag of Algeria.svg|Flag of Algeria
File:Flag of Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina
File:Flag of Brazil.svg|Flag of Brazil
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|Flag of Burkina Faso
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|Flag of Cameroon
File:Flag of Cape_Verde.svg|Flag of Cape Verde
File:Flag of Chile.svg|Flag of Chile
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|Flag of China
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|Flag of Comoros
File:Flag of Cuba.svg|Flag of Cuba
File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|Flag of Curaçao
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|Flag of Djibouti
File:Flag of East Timor.svg|Flag of East Timor
File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|Esperanto flag
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|Flag of Ethiopia
File:Flag of Europe.svg|Flag of the European Union
File:Flag of Ghana.svg|Flag of Ghana
File:Flag of Grenada.svg|Flag of Grenada
File:Flag of Honduras.svg|Flag of Honduras
File:Flag of Liberia.svg|Flag of Liberia
File:Flag of Libya.svg|Flag of Libya
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|Flag of Mauritania
File:Flag of Morocco.svg|Flag of Morocco
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|Flag of Mozambique
File:Flag of Micronesia.svg|Flag of Micronesia
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|Flag of New Zealand
File:Flag of North_Korea.svg|Flag of North Korea
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|Flag of Pakistan
File:Flag of Panama.svg|Flag of Panama
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|Flag of Papua New Guinea
File:Flag of the_Philippines.svg|Flag of the Philippines
File: Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis
File:Flag of Samoa.svg|Flag of Samoa
File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg|Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe
File:Flag of Senegal.svg|Flag of Senegal
File:Flag of Singapore.svg|Flag of Singapore
File:Flag of the_Solomon_Islands.svg|Flag of the Solomon Islands
File:Flag of Somalia.svg|Flag of Somalia
File:Flag of Suriname.svg|Flag of Suriname
File:Flag of Syria.svg|Flag of Syria
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|Flag of Tajikistan
File:Flag of Togo.svg|Flag of Togo
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|Flag of Tunisia
File:Flag of Turkey.svg|Flag of Turkey
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|Flag of Turkmenistan
File:Flag of the_United_States.svg|Flag of the United States
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|Flag of Uzbekistan
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|Flag of Vietnam
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|Flag of Venezuela

Stardom

The five-pointed star is known as a symbol of fame or "stardom".  The word "star" is often used as a synonym for "celebrity",  and in show business a five-pointed star may be affixed to a principal performer's dressing room door to indicate they are of preeminent importance or notoriety.   Another example is the Hollywood Walk of Fame where famous entertainers are honored with pink terrazzo five-pointed stars along Hollywood Boulevard to commemorate their achievements within the entertainment industry. 

Socialism and communism 

The Red Star is a five-pointed star, coloured solidly in red, which featured ubiquitously in the former Soviet Union. It is used to symbolize socialism and in particular communism.

The Druze 

The Druze, descendents of exiles from Fatimid Dynasty-ruled Egypt, have as their symbol a five-pointed star with a different color on each point, representing five principles: green for Aql "the Universal Mind/Nous", red for Nafs "the Universal Soul/Anima mundi", yellow for Kalima "the Word/Logos", blue for Sabq "the Potentiality/Cause/Precedent", and white for Talī "the Actuality/Effect/Immanence".  They live mainly in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.

Ottomans 

The five-pointed star is part of the symbol of the Ottoman Empire.

Bahá'í Faith 

In the Bahá'í Faith a five-pointed star referred to as a haykal (Arabic: "temple") represents the (body of the) Manifestation of God, as described in the Súriy-i-Haykal.

"Strictly speaking the 5-pointed star is the symbol of our Faith, as used by the Báb and explained by Him."
:(on behalf of Shoghi Effendi, Directives from the Guardian, [http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/DG/dg-141.html p. 52])

Islam

The Five pointed star has been a Muslim symbol for multiple Muslim works, most notably on flags. This might be a feature as part of the star and crescent to represent the caliphate, but also as on its own to represent the Five Pillars of Islam.

Other uses 

File:VIIcorpsbadge.png|Union Army, VII Corps, 3rd Division Badge
File:XIIcorpsbadge.png|Union Army, XII Corps, 3rd Division Badge
File:Kremlin star.svg|Moscow Kremlin Star 1937

Five pointed stars are also used on various elevators to indicate the ground level or lobby of a building.
Five pointed stars are also used on various police, fire, and paramedic badges. In sports especially in football association the star together with the badge in the uniforms represents the championships that the team wins for example the badges of the France, Spain, England national shirt badge appears one five pointed star represents one FIFA World Cup championship.

The five pointed star may also be used to symbolize the human body (feet, arms and head) as well as the five senses of human perception (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste), and likewise the Shakespearian era five wits.

Brigate Rosse 

The symbol of the Italian Marxist-Leninist terrorist group Brigate Rosse is a slightly modified five-pointed star.

Order of the Eastern Star 

The Order of the Eastern Star, a fraternal organization associated with Freemasonry, employs a downward-pointing star as its symbol, with the five points colored blue, yellow, white, green, and red. This emblem sometimes appears in the form of a pentagram.

Kappa Sigma 

The Star and Crescent are the official symbols of Kappa Sigma comprising the fraternity badge.

Esperanto 

A green five-pointed star is a symbol of Esperanto. A national flag is a flag that symbolises a country. The flag is flown by the government, but usually can also be flown by citizens of the country.

Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses may fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days.

History

Historically, flags originate as military standards, used as field signs. The practice of flying flags indicating the country of origin outside of the context of warfare became common with the maritime flag, introduced during the age of sail, in the early 17th century. The origins of the Union Jack flag date back to 1603, when James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones (as James I), thereby uniting the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union (which remained separate states). On 12 April 1606, a new flag to represent this regal union between England and Scotland was specified in a royal decree, according to which the flag of England (a red cross on a white background, known as St George's Cross), and the flag of Scotland (a white saltire on a blue background, known as the Saltire or St Andrew's Cross), would be joined together, forming the flag of Great Britain and first Union Flag.

With the emergence of nationalist sentiment from the late 18th century the desire was felt to display national flags also in civilian contexts,  notably the US flag, in origin adopted as a naval ensign in 1777, which after the American Revolution began to be displayed as a generic symbol of the United States, and the French Tricolore which became a symbol of the Republic in the 1790s.

Most countries of Europe adopted a national flag in the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, often based on older (medieval) war flags. The specifications of the flag of Denmark were codified in 1748, based on a 14th-century design.  The flag of Switzerland was introduced in 1889, also based on medieval war flags. The Netherlands introduced two national flags in 1813 (either an orange-white-blue or a red-white-blue tricolour; the final decision in favour of red was made in 1937).

The Ottoman flag (now the flag of Turkey) was adopted in 1844. Other non-European powers followed the trend in the late 19th century, the flag of Japan being introduced in 1870, that of Qing China  in 1890. 
Also in the 19th century, most countries of South America introduced a flag as they became independent (Peru in 1820, Bolivia in 1851, Colombia in 1860, Brazil in 1822, etc.)

Process of adoption

The national flag is often, but not always, mentioned or described in a country's constitution, but its detailed description may be delegated to a flag law passed by the legislative, or even   secondary legislation or in monarchies a decree.

Thus, the national flag is mentioned briefly in the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949 "the federal flag is black-red-gold" (art. 22.2 Die Bundesflagge ist schwarz-rot-gold), but its proportions were regulated in a document passed by the government in the following year. The Flag of the United States is not defined in the constitution but rather in a separate Flag Resolution passed in 1777.

Minor design changes of national flags are often passed on a legislative or executive level, while substantial changes have constitutional character. The design of the flag of Serbia omitting the communist star of the flag of Yugoslavia was a decision made in the 1992 Serbian constitutional referendum, but the adoption of a coat of arms within the flag was based on a government "recommendation" in 2003, adopted legislatively in 2009 and again subject ot a minor design change in 2010. The Flag of the United States underwent numerous changes because the number of stars represents the number of states, proactively defined in a Flag Act of 1818 to the effect that "on the admission of every new state into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag"; it was changed for the last time in 1960 with the accession of Hawaii.

A change in national flag is often due to a change of regime, especially following a civil war or revolution. In such cases, the military origins of the national flag and its connection to political ideology (form of government, monarchy vs. republic vs. theocracy, etc.) remains visible. In such cases national flags acquire the status of a political symbols.

The flag of Germany, for instance, was a tricolour of black-white-red under the German Empire, inherited from the North German Confederation (1866).  The Weimar Republic that followed adopted a black-red-gold tricolour. Nazi Germany went back to black-white-red in 1933, and black-red-gold was reinstituted by the two successor states, West Germany and East Germany following World War II. Similarly the flag of Libya introduced with the creation of the Kingdom of Libya in 1951 was abandoned in 1969 with the coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi. It was used again by National Transitional Council and by anti-Gaddafi forces during the Libyan Civil War in 2011 and officially adopted by the Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration.

Usage

There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, though many countries use identical designs for several (and sometimes all) of these types of flag.

On land

On land, there is a distinction between civil flags (FIAV symbol ), state flags (), and war or military flags (). State flags are those used officially by government agencies, whereas civil flags may be flown by anyone regardless of whether they are linked to government. War flags (also called military flags) are used by military organisations such as Armies, Marine Corps, or Air Forces.

In practice, many countries (such as the United States and the United Kingdom) have identical flags for these three purposes; national flag is sometimes used as a vexillological term to refer to such a three-purpose flag (). In a number of countries, however, and notably those in Latin America, there is a distinct difference between civil and state flags. In most cases, the civil flag is a simplified version of the state flag, with the difference often being the presence of a coat of arms on the state flag that is absent from the civil flag.

Very few countries use a war flag that differs from the state flag. The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Japan are notable examples of this. Swallow-tailed flags are used as war flags and naval ensigns in Nordic countries and charged versions as presidential or royal standards. The Philippines does not have a distinctive war flag in this usual sense, but the flag of the Philippines is legally unique in that it is flown with the red stripe on top when the country is in a state of war, rather than the conventional blue.

At sea

The flag that indicates nationality on a ship is called an ensign. As with the national flags, there are three varieties: the civil ensign (), flown by private vessels; state ensigns (also called government ensigns; ), flown by government ships; and war ensigns (also called naval ensigns; ), flown by naval vessels. The ensign is flown from an ensign-staff at the stern of the ship, or from a gaff when underway. Both these positions are superior to any other on the ship, even though the masthead is higher. In the absence of a gaff the ensign may be flown from the yardarm. (See Maritime flags.) National flags may also be flown by aircraft and the land vehicles of important officials. In the case of aircraft, those flags are usually painted on, and those are usually to be painted on in the position as if they were blowing in the wind.

In some countries, such as the United States and Canada (except for the Royal Canadian Navy's Ensign), the national ensign is identical to the national flag, while in others, such as the United Kingdom and Japan, there are specific ensigns for maritime use. Most countries do not have a separate state ensign, although the United Kingdom is a rare exception, in having a red ensign for civil use, a white ensign as its naval ensign, and a blue ensign for government non-military vessels.

Protocol

There is a great deal of protocol involved in the proper display of national flags.  A general rule is that the national flag should be flown in the position of honour, and not in an inferior position to any other flag (although some countries make an exception for royal standards). The following rules are typical of the conventions when flags are flown on land:
*When a national flag is displayed together with any other flags, it must be hoisted first and lowered last.
*When a national flag is displayed together with the national flags of other countries, all the flags should be of approximately equal size and must be flown at an equal height, although the national flag of the host country should be flown in the position of honour (in the centre of an odd number of flagpoles or at the far right — left from an observer's point of view — of an even number of flagpoles).
*When a national flag is displayed together with flags other than national flags, it should be flown on a separate flagpole, either higher or in the position of honour.
*When a national flag is displayed together with any other flags on the same flagpole, it must be at the top, though separate flagpoles are preferable.
*When a national flag is displayed together with any other flag on crossed flagpoles, the national flag must be on the observer's left and its flagpole must be in front of the flagpole of the other flag.
*When a national flag is displayed together with another flag or flags in procession, the national flag must be on the marching right. If there is a row of flags, it should be in the position of honour.
*When a national flag, with some exceptions, is flown upside down it indicates distress.  This however is merely tradition.  It is not a recognised distress signal according to the International regulations for preventing collisions at sea.  Further, a nation's flag is commonly flown inverted as a sign of protest or contempt against the country concerned. As of now, only the flag of the Philippines recognises the distress symbolism of the reverse flag.

Hanging a flag vertically

Most flags are hung vertically by rotating the flag pole. However, some countries have specific protocols for this purpose or even have special flags for vertical hanging; usually rotating some elements of the flag — such as the coat of arms — so that they are seen in an upright position. 

Examples of countries that have special protocol for vertical hanging are: Canada, Czech Republic, Greece, Israel, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United States (reverse always showing); and the United Kingdom (obverse always showing).

Examples of countries that have special designs for vertical hanging are: Austria, Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Montenegro, Poland, and Slovakia (coat of arms must be rotated to normal position); Cambodia (coat of arms must be rotated and blue strips are narrowed); Dominica (coat of arms must be rotated and reverse always showing); Liechtenstein (crown must be rotated).
File:Flag of Slovakia vertical.svg|Vertical variation of the flag of Slovakia.
File:Vertical flag of Greece (correct).svg|Vertical variation of the flag of Greece.
File:Vertical United States Flag.svg|Vertical variation of the flag of the United States.
File:Flag of Germany (Hanging state flag).svg|Vertical variation of the flag of Germany.
File:Flag of Montenegro (vertical).svg|Vertical variation of the flag of Montenegro.
File:Flag of the Philippines (vertical display).svg|Vertical variation of the flag of the Philippines.

Design

The art and practice of designing flags is known as vexillography. The design of national flags has seen a number of customs become apparent.

All national flags are rectangular, except for the flag of Nepal. The ratios of height to width vary among national flags, but none is taller than it is wide, again except for the flag of Nepal. The flags of Switzerland and the Vatican City are the only national flags which are exact squares.

The obverse and reverse of all national flags are either identical or mirrored, except for the flag of Paraguay and the partially recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. See Flags whose reverse differs from the obverse for a list of exceptions including non-national flags.

As of 2011, all national flags consist of at least two different colours. In many cases, the different colours are presented in either horizontal or vertical bands. It is particularly common for colours to be presented in bands of three.

It is common for many flags to feature national symbols, such as coats of arms. National patterns are present in some flags. Variations in design within a national flag can be common in the flag's upper left quarter, or canton.

Colours

*
 The most popular colours in national flags are red, white, green, dark blue, yellow, light blue, and black. The [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Distribution_colours_in_national_flags.pdf graph] on the right shows the proportion of the surface colour across all national flags. The occurrence of each colour in all the flags is listed in detail in the table below. The table shows that the colours light brown, dark brown and grey only occur in very small quantities. In fact, they only occur in the symbols of flags, such as in the Spanish flag.

Similarities

Although the national flag is meant to be a unique symbol for a country, many pairs of countries have highly similar flags. Examples include the flags of Monaco and Indonesia, which differ only slightly in proportion; the flags of the Netherlands and Luxembourg, which differ in proportion as well as in the tint of blue used; and the flags of Romania and Chad, which differ only in the tint of blue.

The flags of Ireland and Côte d'Ivoire and the flags of Mali and Guinea are (aside from shade or ratio differences) vertically mirrored versions from each other. This means that the reverse of one flag matches the obverse of the other. Other than horizontal mirrored flags (like Poland and Indonesia) the direction in which these flags fly are crucial to identify them.

There are three colour combinations that are used on several flags in certain regions. Blue, white, and red is a common combination in Slavic countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Croatia as well as among Western nations including Australia, France, Iceland, Norway, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States of America. Many African nations use the Pan-African colours of red, yellow, and green, including Ghana, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal. Flags containing red, white, and black (a subset of the Pan-Arab colours) can be found particularly among the Arab nations such as Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Yemen.

While some similarities are coincidental, others are rooted in shared histories.  For example, the flags of Colombia, of Ecuador, and of Venezuela all use variants of the flag of Gran Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the Venezuelan independence hero Francisco de Miranda; and the flags of Kuwait, of Jordan, and of Palestine are all highly similar variants of the flag of the Arab revolt of 1916–1918. The flags of Romania and Moldova are virtually the same, because of the common history and heritage. Moldova adopted the Romanian flag during the declaration of independence from the USSR in 1991 (and was used in various demonstrations and revolts by the population) and later the Moldovan coat of arms (which is part of the Romanian coat of arms) was placed in the centre of the flag. The Nordic countries all use the Nordic Cross design (Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, in addition to the autonomous regions of the Faroe Islands and Åland), a horizontal cross shifted to the left on a single-coloured background. The United States and United Kingdom both have red, white, and blue. This similarity is due to the fact that the first 13 states of the U.S. were former colonies of the United Kingdom. Also, Australia and New Zealand share a very similar flag, which stems from their joint British heritage. Both of these flags feature the Union Jack in one corner, both have royal blue background, and both have the Southern Cross as a prominent feature. The only differences between these flags is that the Australian flag has the Commonwealth Star below the canton, and that on the New Zealand flag, just four stars in the Southern Cross are presented, and they are five-pointed red stars with white borders. On the other hand, all five stars of the Southern Cross are presented on the Australian flag, and they are white with seven points, except for the additional smaller fifth star in the Southern Cross which has only five points on this flag.  Some similarities to the United States flag with the red and white stripes are noted as well such as the flag of Malaysia and the flag of Liberia, the latter of which was an American resettlement colony.

Many other similarities may be found among current national flags, particularly if inversions of colour schemes are considered, e.g., compare the flag of Senegal to that of Cameroon and Indonesia to Poland. Also the Flag of Italy and the Flag of Hungary uses the same colours, in the same order, only the direction differs (the Italian flag is vertical and the Hungarian flag is horizontal)
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 How many stars are on the National Flag of Liberia? 

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