Where does the infamous "Streif" downhill ski race take place?
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Hahnenkamm,_Kitzbühel.txt Downhill.txt
Hahnenkamm, Kitzbühel Downhill
The Hahnenkamm  is a mountain in Austria, directly south of Kitzbühel, in the Kitzbühel Alps. The elevation of its summit is 1712 m above sea level.

The Hahnenkamm (German: rooster's comb) is part of the ski resort of Kitzbühel, and hosts the annual World Cup alpine ski races, the Hahnenkammrennen. The most famous slope on the Hahnenkamm is the classic downhill course, the Streif (streak, or stripe), which is regarded as the most demanding race course on the World Cup circuit.  The course features highly technical, "fall-away" turns (reverse bank), many with limited visibility.  It also contains several flat gliding sections, immediately preceded by difficult turns, placing a premium on both technical and gliding skills. A run on the mountain's north face, the Streif course, is mostly in the shade in January. It is usually overcast and coupled with fog, the result being "flat" lighting which compounds the course's difficulty.

Hahnenkamm race 

The Hahnenkammrennen are the annual races, held since 1931 and a fixture of the men's World Cup since its inception in the 1967 season.  The races were originally held in March, and sometimes in early February (1949 & 1951). Beginning in 1953, the races at Kitzbühel have been held in mid to late January, often the week following the Lauberhorn in Wengen, Switzerland, another classic downhill.

Since 1959, the race has been broadcast on Austrian television. 

In 2009, as well as in 2008, the total prize money was €550,000. 

The Hahnenkamm races are currently held in the following disciplines: 
* Super-G on the Streifalm, on Friday
* Downhill on the Streif, on Saturday
* Slalom on the Ganslernhang, on Sunday

Traditionally, the winner of the Hahnenkamm race was determined by the combined results of the downhill and slalom competitions. During the World Cup era, the man most likely to be referred to as Hahnenkammsieger (champion) is the winner of the prestigious downhill race.

The Super-G made its debut at Kitzbühel in 1995, and returned as a regular event in 2000, scheduled the day before the downhill.

Because of challenging weather conditions in January at the top of the mountain, the downhill course is often not run in its entirety.  In the decade of 2000-09, the Streif full course was run in only four of the ten years (2001, 2002, 2004, & 2009).  Unfortunately, this often eliminates one of the most exciting jumps in ski racing, the Mausefalle (mousetrap), seconds from the top of the course.  The competitors reach high speeds quickly out of the starting gate on the Startschuss and fly up to 80 m off the steep jump. Upon landing the racers experience a severe compression immediately followed by a sharp left turn, often negotiated unsuccessfully.  Speeds entering the turn are 75 -.

In 2006, morning fog at the top of the course forced race organizers to lower the start 115 m to the middle of the Karusell, below the Mausefalle.  This shortened the length of the course by 347 m.   The downhill race was cancelled in 2005 and 2007.

In 2008, strong upwinds at the Mausefalle caused race officials to lower the start 50 m, shortening the course by 100 m.  This eliminated most of the Startschuss and its instantaneous speed; the Mausefalle was accordingly altered to a speed-inducing pitch, rather than a formidable jump and compression.  Though Didier Cuche won the race, the 2008 edition is likely best remembered for the high-speed crash of Scott Macartney on the Zielsprung, seconds before the finish, as well as Bode Miller tying for second with Mario Scheiber after riding the safety fencing in the Steilhang stection.

The full course returned in 2009, for the first time in five years, with Didier Défago of Switzerland winning the race. In addition to having the fastest time, he also had the highest speed on the Zielschuss at . It was the second consecutive downhill victory for Défago; he won the Lauberhorn downhill the previous week at Wengen to join a handful of skiers to win both classic races in consecutive weeks.  It was last accomplished by Stephan Eberharter of Austria in 2002 and had been 17 years since a Swiss racer won both (1992 - Franz Heinzer). The final training run on Thursday saw the serious crash of Swiss racer Daniel Albrecht, again at the Zielsprung. It resulted in a three-week coma and Albrecht's absence from the World Cup circuit for the remainder of the 2009 season and the entire 2010 season.

The full course was run in 2010 under clear skies and again won by Didier Cuche, who had also won the Super-G the previous day.  The only significant crash was by former champion Michael Walchhofer, who twisted into the net fence at the final left turn, less than 20 seconds from the finish; he was quickly back on his feet. Cuche's downhill victory was his third on the Streif, his first was in 1998 on a Friday "extra" race.  The Zielsprung was significantly moderated in 2010 due to the serious accidents the previous two years.

In 2011, Didier Cuche won the Hahnenkamm downhill for the fourth time to tie the record with Franz Klammer. A year later, and two days after announcing his retirement at the end of the season, Cuche claimed his third consecutive downhill victory at Kitzbühel and a record fifth total.

Dominik Paris claimed the title in 2013 to become the second winner from Italy and the first in fifteen years.

Due to lack of snow in 2014, the lower course was altered. The dramatic Querfahrt sidehill traverse and speed-inducing Zielschuss were bypassed; the racers detoured toward the Ganslern slalom slope, then rejoined the course for the final Rasmusleitn. This extended the overall length by 182 m to  and reduced the finishing speed. Hannes Reichelt was the first winner from Austria in eight years.

Upper mountain fog in 2015 forced the start to the Seidlalm jump, the lowest in history. Kjetil Jansrud of Norway won in less than a minute on the lower 50% of the course.  

Course sections 

Sections of the Streif downhill course include: 
* Startschuss
* Mausefalle (mousetrap) - jump & compression
* Karusell (carousel) - S turns
* Steilhang - (steep slope) - technical entrance to the flats
* Brückenschuss & Gschöss - gliding flats
* Alte Schneise (old corridor)
* Seidlalmsprung (jump at Seidlalm) - introduced in 1994
* Lärchenschuss - gliding among larch trees
* Hausberg (local mountain) - jump & sharp corner
* Querfahrt (traverse) - a rough sidehill of glaring ice
* Zielschuss (with compression & jump) - speeds over 140 km/h
* Rasmusleitn to the finish (Ziel).

Facts and figures 

* The length of the Streif course is .
* The starting gate is at an elevation of 1665 m above sea level;the Streif vertically descends 860 m to the finish at 805 m.
* The average grade of the course is 27 percent (15.1 degrees).
* The maximum grade is 85% (40.4°) at the Mausefalle; minimum is 2% (1.1°)  
* The record for the full 3.3 km course was set in 1997 by Fritz Strobl of Austria at 1:51.58, an average speed of , and an average vertical descent rate of 7.7 m/s (25.3 ft/sec).
* The first non-European to win a downhill race at Kitzbühel in the World Cup era was Ken Read of Canada in 1980.  Previously, the only non-European champion was Buddy Werner of the U.S., who won in 1959 at age 22. Canadians won races four consecutive years from 1980-83; the only non-European winner since 1983 is Daron Rahlves of the U.S., who prevailed on an abbreviated course of  due to fog in 2003.
* Four victories have gone to Scandinavians, all from Norway. Atle Skårdal was the first in 1990 and Lasse Kjus won twice, in 1999 and 2004.  Both of Kjus' victories were "extra" races, held on Friday and Thursday, respectively. Kjetil Jansrud won on a shortened course in 2015.
* The Streif course was one of several featured in the 1969 movie Downhill Racer, starring Robert Redford and Gene Hackman. It was shown as itself and later as the Olympic course.
* The Streif course was first used in 1937; eight years without Hahnenkamm races followed (1938–45) until the return in 1946. 
* Since returning in 1946, the downhill races have been run in all but eight years: 1952, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1988, 1993, 2005, & 2007.

Downhill champions

The following is a list of Hahnenkamm downhill winners, with their winning times: 

* pre-World Cup era

Each downhill champion's name is affixed to a gondola car on the Hahnenkammbahn lift,which extends from the Kitzbühel base to the top of the Hahnenkamm mountain.

Videos

*[http://www.streif-movie.com STREIF - One Hell of a Ride] - 2015 Documentary about the Streif downhill race
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmeZ23aOQHw YouTube video] - 1981 race live - 18-Jan-1981
**[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvL46APZzMY YouTube video] - 1981 race - crashes only
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr2dFOazJ1Q YouTube video] - Franz Klammer, age 30, wins his 4th Hahnenkamm on full course - 21-Jan-1984
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rxFpXb5hyc YouTube video] - career-ending crash of Todd Brooker, 1983 winner, at top of Zielschuss, Friday training run - 24-Jan-1987
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWDqF1fG89A YouTube video] - Kristian Ghedina on full course - spread eagles at Zielsprung - 6th place - 24-Jan-2004 
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpqBosmuxGI YouTube video] - Hermann Maier on full course - 9th place - 24-Jan-2004 
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjgF6ydTMDc YouTube video] - 2004 race coverage from ORF (Austrian Broadcasting) - 24-Jan-2004
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0QzVsOmg0 YouTube video] - Bode Miller skis onto fence exiting Steilhang, takes 2nd - 19-Jan-2008
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DsjocfcUtA YouTube video] - crash of Scott Macartney at Zielsprung, takes 33rd - 19-Jan-2008 
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqQUtJY_BVE YouTube video] - crash of Daniel Albrecht at Zielsprung - Thursday training run - 22-Jan-2009
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7i7nCtp-Z7g YouTube video] - Didier Défago wins 2009 Hahnenkamm on full course - 24-Jan-2009
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FT-n09BuL7Q YouTube video] - crash of Hans Grugger at Mausefalle - Thursday training run - 20-Jan-2011

Various - Vertical Up

In the evening dawn of 25. February 2011 the first Streif VerticalUp race took place with a mass start. No rules, just up the route of the ski race, but in the "rucksack-class" up the less steep family ski piste. 79 in the speed class and 116 with rucksack reaches the goal: the start booth of the ski race. On shoes with spikes, with pickel or ski sticks, snow shoes, touring or cross-country skis, whatever.

The fastest man (Urban Zemmer (ITA) 0h32:52) and the second fastest as well as the fastest woman (Barbara Exenberger (AUT) - 0h54:47) have all been in sub-class "over40" and used touring skis. See http://www.verticalup.at/ .

Notes and references Downhill is an alpine skiing discipline. Unlike the other alpine skiing events,  slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined, which emphasize turning and technique, downhill is more about speed.  Speeds of up to 130 km/h are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed. 

The term downhill skiing is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing, both for the FIS sport and the recreational activity.

History

The rules for the Downhill were originally developed by Sir Arnold Lunn for the 1921 British National Ski Championships. The 100 mph barrier was broken by Johan Clarey at the 2013 Lauberhorn World Cup, beating previous record of 98 mph, set by Italian Stefan Thanei in 2005. 

Course

A typical course begins at or near the top of the mountain on a piste that is closed off to the public and groomed for the race.  Gates are farther apart.  The courses in the world's most notable ski areas are well-established and  do not change significantly year to year.

The course is designed to challenge the best skiers in a variety of ways: skiing at high speeds, through challenging turns, shallow dips, flats, and small airs (jumps).  A good course will have all these elements in it, as well as some jumps intended to complicate matters and thrill both the racer and the spectators.

Equipment

Equipment for the Downhill is different from the alpine events that are lower-speed.  Skis are 30% longer than those used in slalom, for more stability at high speed. They usually have rounded, low-profile tips rather than pointed tips.  Ski poles are bent so as to curve around the body as the racer stays in a "tuck position" and may have aerodynamic, cone-shaped baskets. As in other alpine disciplines, Downhill racers wear skin-tight suits to minimize drag, and helmets are mandatory.

In an attempt to increase safety, the 2003-2004 season saw the FIS increased the minimum sidecut radius for Downhill skis to 45 m from 40 m, and impose minimum ski lengths for the first time: 218 cm for men, and 210 cm for women.

Races

In all forms of Downhill, both at a local youth-level as well as the higher FIS international level, racers are allowed extensive preparation for the race, which includes daily course inspection and discussion with their coaches and teammates as well as several practice runs before the actual race.  Racers do not make any unnecessary turns while on the course, and try to do everything they can to maintain the most aerodynamic position while negotiating turns and jumps.

Unlike Slalom and Giant Slalom, where racers have two combined times, in the Downhill, the race is a single run.  Times are typically between 1:30 (1 minute, 30 seconds) and 2:30 for World Cup courses and must be over 1 minute in length to meet international minimum standards.  Tenths and hundredths and, occasionally, thousandths of seconds count: World Cup races and Olympic medals have sometimes been decided by as little as one or two hundredths of a second, and ties are not unheard of.

The most successful all-time winners of World Cup Downhill races are Annemarie Moser-Pröll of Austria (36 wins, 7 women's titles)  and Franz Klammer of Austria (25 wins, 5 men's titles).  Lindsey Vonn of the U.S. is currently dominant in woman's downhill racing with a lifetime total of 37 World Cup downhill wins and 7 women's titles.  

Risks

On some courses, such as the Lauberhorn course in Wengen, Switzerland, and the Hahnenkamm course in Kitzbühel, Austria, speeds of up to 150 km/h are common. Safety netting and padding are placed in worrisome areas where race officials anticipate crashes.  Despite these safety precautions, the ski racing community is well aware of the inherent risks of Downhill skiing, for it is possible for racers to suffer serious injury or death while practicing or competing.  Three deaths among World Cup racers in recent years in downhill training or during a race were those of Austrians Gernot Reinstadler in 1991, Ulrike Maier in 1994 and Frenchwoman Régine Cavagnoud in 2001.  Also in 2001, Swiss downhiller Silvano Beltrametti was paralyzed in a high-speed crash and 1984 downhill gold medalist Bill Johnson suffered permanent brain damage that eventually led to a crippling stroke which left him unable to function without assistance.
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