import functools
import time
import inspect
import collections
import types
import itertools

from .... import pkg_resources

from typing import Callable, TypeVar


CallableT = TypeVar("CallableT", bound=Callable[..., object])


def compose(*funcs):
    """
    Compose any number of unary functions into a single unary function.

    >>> import textwrap
    >>> expected = str.strip(textwrap.dedent(compose.__doc__))
    >>> strip_and_dedent = compose(str.strip, textwrap.dedent)
    >>> strip_and_dedent(compose.__doc__) == expected
    True

    Compose also allows the innermost function to take arbitrary arguments.

    >>> round_three = lambda x: round(x, ndigits=3)
    >>> f = compose(round_three, int.__truediv__)
    >>> [f(3*x, x+1) for x in range(1,10)]
    [1.5, 2.0, 2.25, 2.4, 2.5, 2.571, 2.625, 2.667, 2.7]
    """

    def compose_two(f1, f2):
        return lambda *args, **kwargs: f1(f2(*args, **kwargs))

    return functools.reduce(compose_two, funcs)


def method_caller(method_name, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Return a function that will call a named method on the
    target object with optional positional and keyword
    arguments.

    >>> lower = method_caller('lower')
    >>> lower('MyString')
    'mystring'
    """

    def call_method(target):
        func = getattr(target, method_name)
        return func(*args, **kwargs)

    return call_method


def once(func):
    """
    Decorate func so it's only ever called the first time.

    This decorator can ensure that an expensive or non-idempotent function
    will not be expensive on subsequent calls and is idempotent.

    >>> add_three = once(lambda a: a+3)
    >>> add_three(3)
    6
    >>> add_three(9)
    6
    >>> add_three('12')
    6

    To reset the stored value, simply clear the property ``saved_result``.

    >>> del add_three.saved_result
    >>> add_three(9)
    12
    >>> add_three(8)
    12

    Or invoke 'reset()' on it.

    >>> add_three.reset()
    >>> add_three(-3)
    0
    >>> add_three(0)
    0
    """

    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(wrapper, 'saved_result'):
            wrapper.saved_result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper.saved_result

    wrapper.reset = lambda: vars(wrapper).__delitem__('saved_result')
    return wrapper


def method_cache(
    method: CallableT,
    cache_wrapper: Callable[
        [CallableT], CallableT
    ] = functools.lru_cache(),  # type: ignore[assignment]
) -> CallableT:
    """
    Wrap lru_cache to support storing the cache data in the object instances.

    Abstracts the common paradigm where the method explicitly saves an
    underscore-prefixed protected property on first call and returns that
    subsequently.

    >>> class MyClass:
    ...     calls = 0
    ...
    ...     @method_cache
    ...     def method(self, value):
    ...         self.calls += 1
    ...         return value

    >>> a = MyClass()
    >>> a.method(3)
    3
    >>> for x in range(75):
    ...     res = a.method(x)
    >>> a.calls
    75

    Note that the apparent behavior will be exactly like that of lru_cache
    except that the cache is stored on each instance, so values in one
    instance will not flush values from another, and when an instance is
    deleted, so are the cached values for that instance.

    >>> b = MyClass()
    >>> for x in range(35):
    ...     res = b.method(x)
    >>> b.calls
    35
    >>> a.method(0)
    0
    >>> a.calls
    75

    Note that if method had been decorated with ``functools.lru_cache()``,
    a.calls would have been 76 (due to the cached value of 0 having been
    flushed by the 'b' instance).

    Clear the cache with ``.cache_clear()``

    >>> a.method.cache_clear()

    Same for a method that hasn't yet been called.

    >>> c = MyClass()
    >>> c.method.cache_clear()

    Another cache wrapper may be supplied:

    >>> cache = functools.lru_cache(maxsize=2)
    >>> MyClass.method2 = method_cache(lambda self: 3, cache_wrapper=cache)
    >>> a = MyClass()
    >>> a.method2()
    3

    Caution - do not subsequently wrap the method with another decorator, such
    as ``@property``, which changes the semantics of the function.

    See also
    http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577452-a-memoize-decorator-for-instance-methods/
    for another implementation and additional justification.
    """

    def wrapper(self: object, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object:
        # it's the first call, replace the method with a cached, bound method
        bound_method: CallableT = types.MethodType(  # type: ignore[assignment]
            method, self
        )
        cached_method = cache_wrapper(bound_method)
        setattr(self, method.__name__, cached_method)
        return cached_method(*args, **kwargs)

    # Support cache clear even before cache has been created.
    wrapper.cache_clear = lambda: None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

    return (  # type: ignore[return-value]
        _special_method_cache(method, cache_wrapper) or wrapper
    )


def _special_method_cache(method, cache_wrapper):
    """
    Because Python treats special methods differently, it's not
    possible to use instance attributes to implement the cached
    methods.

    Instead, install the wrapper method under a different name
    and return a simple proxy to that wrapper.

    https://github.com/jaraco/jaraco.functools/issues/5
    """
    name = method.__name__
    special_names = '__getattr__', '__getitem__'
    if name not in special_names:
        return

    wrapper_name = '__cached' + name

    def proxy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if wrapper_name not in vars(self):
            bound = types.MethodType(method, self)
            cache = cache_wrapper(bound)
            setattr(self, wrapper_name, cache)
        else:
            cache = getattr(self, wrapper_name)
        return cache(*args, **kwargs)

    return proxy


def apply(transform):
    """
    Decorate a function with a transform function that is
    invoked on results returned from the decorated function.

    >>> @apply(reversed)
    ... def get_numbers(start):
    ...     "doc for get_numbers"
    ...     return range(start, start+3)
    >>> list(get_numbers(4))
    [6, 5, 4]
    >>> get_numbers.__doc__
    'doc for get_numbers'
    """

    def wrap(func):
        return functools.wraps(func)(compose(transform, func))

    return wrap


def result_invoke(action):
    r"""
    Decorate a function with an action function that is
    invoked on the results returned from the decorated
    function (for its side-effect), then return the original
    result.

    >>> @result_invoke(print)
    ... def add_two(a, b):
    ...     return a + b
    >>> x = add_two(2, 3)
    5
    >>> x
    5
    """

    def wrap(func):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            action(result)
            return result

        return wrapper

    return wrap


def call_aside(f, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Call a function for its side effect after initialization.

    >>> @call_aside
    ... def func(): print("called")
    called
    >>> func()
    called

    Use functools.partial to pass parameters to the initial call

    >>> @functools.partial(call_aside, name='bingo')
    ... def func(name): print("called with", name)
    called with bingo
    """
    f(*args, **kwargs)
    return f


class Throttler:
    """