Deanna Geiger, left, and Janine Nelson, her partner of 32 years, react to news that they can get their Oregon marriage license, Monday, May 19, 2014, in Portland, Ore., following a federal judge's ruling... (Associated Press) 
 
 U.S. District Judge John E. Jones III called the plaintiffs — a widow, 11 couples and one of the couples' two teenage daughters — courageous. 
 
 "We now join the 12 federal district courts across the country which, when confronted with these inequities in their own states, have concluded that all couples deserve equal dignity in the realm of civil marriage," Jones wrote. 
 
 An appeal to the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is likely. Gov. Tom Corbett's office had defended the law after Attorney General Kathleen Kane called it unconstitutional and refused to defend it. 
 
 State marriage bans have been falling around the country since the U.S. Supreme Court last year struck down part of the federal Defense of Marriage Act. 
 
 In all, 18 states give legal status to gay marriage. If Jones' decision stands, Pennsylvania would become the 19th and legalize gay marriage throughout the Northeast. 
 
 Lawyers for the plaintiffs say the law inflicts harm on same-sex couples and their children by depriving them of the legal protections and tax benefits afforded to married couples. 
 
 The Pennsylvania lawsuit, filed July 9, was the first known challenge to the state law that effectively bans same-sex marriage and the recognition of gay marriages from other states. 
 
 At least five later challenges have surfaced in state and federal courts since the lawsuit was filed, including one in which a county official is defending his decision to issue 174 marriage licenses to same-sex couples. 
 
 Oregon became the 18th state to recognize same-sex marriage on Monday, when jubilant couples began applying for marriage licenses immediately after U.S. District Judge Michael McShane issued a ruling that invalidated that state's voter-approved same-sex marriage ban. 
 
 Also Monday, a federal judge in Utah ordered state officials to recognize more than 1,000 gay marriages that took place in the state over a two-week period before the U.S. Supreme Court halted same-sex weddings with an emergency stay. 

 Open 
 
 Citations 
 
 The main output of theProject is the creation of the Open Citations Corpus (OCC) , an open repository of scholarly citation data made available under a Creative Commons public domain dedication, which provides in RDF accurate citation information (bibliographic references) harvested from the scholarly literature. These are described using the SPAR Ontologies according to the OCC metadata model , and are made freely available so that others may freely build upon, enhance and reuse them for any purpose, without restriction under copyright or database law.The OCC is being continuously populated from the scholarly literature.
– A day after Oregon became the 18th state to recognize same-sex marriage, a federal judge made Pennsylvania the 19th, at least for now. The judge declared the state's ban on gay marriage unconstitutional, reports the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. “By virtue of this ruling, same-sex couples who seek to marry in Pennsylvania may do so, and already married same-sex couples will be recognized as such in the Commonwealth,” wrote US District Judge John Jones. His decision makes gay marriage legal throughout the Northeast, notes AP. The state is expected to appeal the ruling to the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals, though Gov. Tom Corbett will have to do so without the help of his own attorney general. Kathleen Kane previously called the ban unconstitutional and refused to defend it, prompting Corbett to turn to the Office of General Counsel to make the state's case. In siding with 11 gay couples, two teen children of one of those couples, and a widow, Jones didn't just strike down the ban, he did so with relish. "We are a better people than what these laws represent, and it is time to discard them into the ash heap of history,” he wrote.