The white dog by the water.
The dog is near liquid.
To be near something means the same thing as to be by something. The water is liquid.
exists s1 x1 x2.(n_water(x2) & n_dog(x1) & a_white(s1) & Theme(s1,x1) & a_topic(x1) & by(x1,x2))
exists p1 x1.(n_dog(x1) & exists s1 x2.((x1 = x2) & n_liquid(x2) & a_near(s1) & Theme(s1,x2)))