text:
Category : Philosopher
Type : GP
Incarnation Cross : RAX Maya 4
Birthday: 12. January
Birthplace: Calcutta, India
Category: Philosopher
Type: Pure Generator
Inc.Cross: Maya 4
Variables: BRL-MRL
1762 Acceptance
0360 Mutation
2644 Surrender
2461 Awareness
Swami Vivekananda; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902, born Narendra Nath Datta was an Indian Hindu monk. He was a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world and was credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion in the late 19th century. He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in India and contributed to the notion of nationalism in colonial India. He was the chief disciple of the 19th century saint Ramakrishna and the founder of the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission. He is perhaps best known for his inspiring speech beginning with "Sisters and Brothers of America," through which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Born into an aristocratic Bengali family of Calcutta, Vivekananda showed an inclination towards spirituality. He was influenced by his guru Ramakrishna from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self and hence, service to God could be rendered by service to mankind. After the death of his guru, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired a first-hand knowledge of the conditions that prevailed in British India. He later travelled to the United States to represent India as a delegate in the 1893 Parliament of World Religions. He conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint and his birthday is celebrated as the National Youth Day.
Early life (1863–1888)
Birth and childhood
"I am indebted to my mother for the efflorescence of my knowledge." – Swami Vivekananda
Vivekananda was born as Narendranath in Calcutta, the capital of British India, on 12 January 1863 during the Makar Sankranti festival. He belonged to a traditional Bengali Kayastha (a caste of Hindus) family and was one of the nine siblings. Narendra's father Vishwanath Datta was an attorney of Calcutta High Court. Narendra's mother was a pious woman and a housewife. The progressive rational approach of his father and the religious temperament of his mother helped shape his thinking and personality. Young Narendranath was fascinated by the wandering ascetics and monks.
Narendra was an average student, but a voracious reader. He was interested in a wide range of subjects such as philosophy, religion, history, the social sciences, arts, and literature. He evinced interest in the Hindu scriptures such as the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. He trained in Indian classical music, and participated in physical exercise, sports, and organisational activities. Narendra joined the Metropolitan Institution of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in 1871 and studied there until 1877 when his family moved to Raipur. The family returned to Calcutta two years later.
College and Brahmo Samaj
In 1879 after his family moved back to Calcutta, Narendra passed the entrance examination from the Presidency College. He subsequently studied western logic, western philosophy and history of European nations in the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881 he passed the Fine Arts examination and in 1884 he completed a Bachelor of Arts degree.
Narendra studied the works of David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Baruch Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, John Stuart Mill, and Charles Darwin. Narendra became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer and had correspondence with him; he translated Spencer's book Education (1861) into Bengali. Alongside his study of Western philosophers, he was thoroughly acquainted with Indian Sanskrit scriptures and many Bengali works. Dr. William Hastie, principal of General Assembly's Institution, wrote, "Narendra is really a genius. I have travelled far and wide but I have never come across a lad of his talents and possibilities, even in German universities, among philosophical students." Some accounts regard Narendra as a srutidhara—a man with prodigious memory.
Narendra became the member of a Freemason's lodge and of a breakaway faction of the Brahmo Samaj led by Keshub Chandra Sen. His initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which included belief in a formless God and deprecation of the worship of idols. Not satisfied with his knowledge of philosophy, he wondered if God and religion could be made a part of one's growing experiences and deeply internalised. Narendra went about asking prominent residents of contemporary Calcutta whether they had come "face to face with God" but could not get answers which satisfied him. His first introduction to the saint Ramakrishna occurred in a literature class in General Assembly's Institution, when he heard Hastie lecturing on William Wordsworth's poem The Excursion. While explaining the word "trance" in the poem, Hastie suggested his students to visit Ramakrishna of Dakshineswar to know the real meaning of trance. This prompted some of his students, including Narendra, to visit Ramakrishna.
Narendra's meeting with Ramakrishna in November 1881 proved to be a turning point in Narendra's life. Narendra said about this first meeting that
"Ramakrishna looked just like an ordinary man, with nothing remarkable about him. He used the most simple language and I thought 'Can this man be a great teacher?'. I crept near to him and asked him the question which I had been asking others all my life: 'Do you believe in God, Sir?' 'Yes', he replied. 'Can you prove it, Sir?' 'Yes'. 'How?' 'Because I see Him just as I see you here, only in a much intenser sense.' That impressed me at once. I began to go to that man, day after day, and I actually saw that religion could be given. One touch, one glance, can change a whole life."
Though Narendra did not accept Ramakrishna as his teacher initially and revolted against his ideas, he was attracted by his personality and started visiting him at Dakshineswar frequently. He initially looked upon Ramakrishna's ecstasies and visions as "mere figments of imagination", and "hallucinations". As a member of Brahmo Samaj, he was against idol worship and polytheism, and Ramakrishna's worship of Kali. He even rejected the Advaitist Vedantism of "identity with absolute" as blasphemy and madness, and often made fun of the concept. Though at first Narendra could not accept Ramakrishna and his visions, he did not neglect him. Instead, he tested Ramakrishna, who faced all of his arguments and examinations with patience—"Try to see the truth from all angles" was his reply. His father's untimely death in 1884 left Narendra's family bankrupt. Unable to find employment and facing poverty, Narendra questioned God's existence. During this time, Narendra found solace in Ramakrishna, and his visits to Dakshineswar increased. Narendra gradually became ready to renounce everything for the sake of realising God. In time, Narendra accepted Ramakrishna as his guru.
In 1885, Ramakrishna developed throat cancer and he was transferred to Calcutta and later to Cossipore. Narendra and Ramakrishna's other disciples took care of him during his final days. Narendra's spiritual education under Ramakrishna continued. At Cossipore, Narendra reportedly experienced Nirvikalpa Samadhi. During Ramakrishna's last days, Narendra and some of the other disciples received the ochre monastic robes from Ramakrishna, forming the first monastic order of Ramakrishna. Narendra was taught that service to men was the most effective worship of God. During his final days, Ramakrishna asked Narendra Nath to take care of other monastic disciples and in turn asked them to look upon Narendra as their leader. Ramakrishna died in the early morning hours of 16 August 1886 at his garden house in Cossipore.
Founding of the Ramakrishna Math
After the death of Ramakrishna, his devotees and admirers stopped funding the Cossipore math. The unpaid rents soon piled up and Narendra and other disciples of Ramakrishna had to find a new place to live. Many of his disciples returned home and became inclined towards a Grihastha (family-oriented) life. Narendra decided to make a dilapidated house at Baranagar the new math (monastery) for remaining disciples. The rent of the Baranagar Math was cheap and it was funded by "holy begging" (m?dhukar?). In his book Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment, Narasingha Prosad Sil writes, "the Math was an adult male haven, a counter–culture community of freedom–seeking youths on the fringe of society and the city". The math became the first building of the Ramakrishna Math—the monastery of the first monastic order of Ramakrishna. Narendra later reminisced about the early days in the monastery:
"We underwent a lot of religious practice at the Baranagar Math. We used to get up at 3:00 am and become absorbed in japa and meditation. What a strong spirit of detachment we had in those days! We had no thought even as to whether the world existed or not."
In January 1887, Narendra and eight other disciples took formal monastic vows. Narendra took the name of Swami Bibidishananda. Later he was given the name Vivekananda by Ajit Singh, the Maharaja of Khetri. In January 1899 the Baranagar Math was transferred to Belur in the Howrah district, now known as the Belur Math.
As a monk wandering in India (1888–1893)
In 1888, Vivekananda left the monastery as a Parivrâjaka— the Hindu religious life of a wandering monk, "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go." His sole possessions were a kamandalu (water pot), staff, and his two favourite books—Bhagavad Gita and The Imitation of Christ. Vivekananda travelled extensively in India for five years, visiting centres of learning, acquainting himself with the diverse religious traditions and different patterns of social life. He developed a sympathy for the suffering and poverty of the masses and resolved to uplift the nation. Living mainly on bhiksha (alms), Vivekananda travelled on foot and railway tickets bought by his admirers whom he met during the travels. During these travels he made acquaintance and stayed with Indians from all walks of life and religions—scholars, dewans, rajas, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, pariahs (low caste workers) and government officials.
Northern India (1888–1890)
In 1888, Vivekananda's first destination was Varanasi, where he met the Bengali writer, Bhudev Mukhopadhyay and the saint Trailanga Swami. He also met Babu Pramadadas Mitra, the noted Sanskrit scholar, with whom he corresponded on the interpretation of the Hindu scriptures. After Varanasi he visited Ayodhya, Lucknow, Agra, Vrindavan, Hathras and Rishikesh. At Hathras, he met Sharat Chandra Gupta, a railway station master who later became one of his earliest disciples as Sadananda. Between 1888 and 1890, he visited Vaidyanath and Allahabad. From Allahabad, he went on to Ghazipur, where he met Pavhari Baba, an Advaita Vedanta ascetic who used to spend most of his time in meditation. During this period, Vivekananda returned to Baranagar math a few times, because of ill health and to arrange for monetary funds for the math.
The Himalayas (1890–1891)
In July 1890, accompanied by the fellow monk Swami Akhandananda (also a disciple of Ramakrishna), Vivekananda visited the Himalayas. This constituted the first phase of his journey that would encompass the West. He visited Nainital, Almora, Srinagar, Dehradun, Rishikesh and Haridwar. During these travels, he met Swami Brahmananda, Saradananda, Turiyananda and Advaitananda. They stayed at Meerut for some days engaged in meditation, prayer and study of scriptures. At the end of January 1891, Vivekananda left his fellows and journeyed to Delhi.
Rajputana (1891)
After visiting historical sites at Delhi, Vivekananda journeyed towards Alwar in Rajputana. Later Vivekananda journeyed to Jaipur, where he studied Panini's Ashtadhyayi with a Sanskrit scholar. He next travelled to Ajmer, where he visited the palace of Akbar and the Dargah Sharif. At Mount Abu, he met Raja Ajit Singh of Khetri, who became his ardent devotee and supporter. Swami Tathagatananda, a senior monk of the Ramakrishna Order wrote of the relationship:
Swami Vivekananda's friendship with Maharaja Ajit Singh of Khetri was enacted against the backdrop of Khetri, a sanctified town in Northern Rajasthan, characterized by its long heroic history and independent spirit. Destiny brought Swamiji and Ajit Singh together on 4 June 1891 at Mount Abu, where their friendship gradually developed through their mutual interest in significant spiritual and secular topics. The friendship intensified when they travelled to Khetri and it became clear that theirs was the most sacred friendship, that of a Guru and his disciple.
At Khetri, he delivered discourses to the Raja, became acquainted with the pandit Ajjada Adibhatla Narayana Dasu, and studied Mah?bh??ya on sutras of Panini. After two and a half months there, in October 1891, he proceeded towards Maharastra.
Western India (1891–1892)
Vivekananda visited Ahmedabad, Wadhwan and Limbdi. At Ahmedabad, he completed his studies of Islamic and Jain culture. At Limbdi, he met Thakur Saheb Jaswant Singh, who had himself been to England and America. From Thakur Saheb, he first got the idea of going to the West to preach Vedanta. He later visited Junagadh, where he was the guest of Haridas Viharidas Desai, the Dewan of the State. The Diwan was so charmed with his company that every evening he, with all the State officials, used to meet Vivekananda and converse with him until late at night. Vivekananda also visited Girnar, Kutch, Porbander, Dwaraka, Palitana, Nadiad, Nadiad ni haveli and Baroda. At Porbander, he stayed three quarters of a year, furthering his philosophical and Sanskrit studies with learned pandits.
Vivekananda's next destinations included Mahabaleshwar, Pune, Khandwa and Indore. At Kathiawar, he heard of the Parliament of the World's Religions and was urged by his followers there to attend it. After a brief stay in Bombay in July 1892, he met Bal Gangadhar Tilak during a train journey. After staying with Tilak for a few days in Pune, Vivekananda travelled to Belgaum in October 1892 and to Panaji and Margao in Goa. He spent three days in the Rachol Seminary, the oldest convent of Goa, where rare religious manuscripts and printed works in Latin were preserved. There, he studied Christian theological works.
Southern India (1892–1893)
Later Vivekananda travelled to Bangalore, where he became acquainted with K. Seshadri Iyer, the Dewan of the Mysore state, and stayed at the palace as a guest of the Maharaja of Mysore, Chamaraja Wodeyar. Iyer described Vivekananda as "a magnetic personality and a divine force which were destined to leave their mark on the history of his country." The Maharaja provided the Swami a letter of introduction to the Dewan of Cochin and got him a railway ticket.
From Bangalore, he visited Trichur, Kodungalloor, and Ernakulam. At Ernakulam, he met Chattampi Swamikal, contemporary of Narayana Guru, in early December 1892. From Ernakulam, he travelled to Trivandrum, Nagercoil and reached Kanyakumari on foot during the Christmas Eve of 1892. At Kanyakumari, Vivekananda meditated on the "last bit of Indian rock", known later as the Vivekananda Rock Memorial. At Kanyakumari, Vivekananda had the "Vision of one India", also commonly called "The Kanyakumari resolve of 1892". He wrote,
"At Cape Camorin sitting in Mother Kumari's temple, sitting on the last bit of Indian rock—I hit upon a plan: We are so many sanyasis wandering about, and teaching the people metaphysics—it is all madness. Did not our Gurudeva use to say, 'An empty stomach is no good for religion?' We as a nation have lost our individuality and that is the cause of all mischief in India. We have to raise the masses."
From Kanyakumari he visited Madurai, where he met the Raja of Ramnad, Bhaskara Sethupathi, to whom he had a letter of introduction. The Raja became his disciple and urged him to go to the Parliament of Religions at Chicago. From Madurai, he visited Rameswaram, Pondicherry and Madras and there he met some of his most devoted disciples, who played important roles in collecting funds for his voyage to America and later in establishing the Ramakrishna Mission in Madras. With the aid of funds collected by his Madras disciples and Rajas of Mysore, Ramnad, Khetri, Dewans and other followers, Vivekananda left for Chicago on 31 May 1893 from Bombay assuming the name Vivekananda—the name suggested by the Maharaja of Khetri, Ajit Singh.
First visit to the West (1893–1897)
Vivekananda visited several cities in Japan such as Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto and Tokyo, and some places in China and Canada en route the United States. He arrived at Chicago in July 1893. However, to his disappointment he learnt that no one without credentials from a bona fide organisation would be accepted as a delegate. He came in contact with Professor John Henry Wright of Harvard University who invited him to speak at the university. On learning that Vivekananda lacked credential to speak at the Chicago Parliament, Wright is quoted as having said, "To ask for your credentials is like asking the sun to state its right to shine in the heavens." On the Professor, Vivekananda himself writes "He urged upon me the necessity of going to the Parliament of Religions, which he thought would give an introduction to the nation."
Parliament of the World's Religions
Parliament of the World's Religions opened on 11 September 1893 at the Art Institute of Chicago as part of the World's Columbian Exposition. On this day Vivekananda gave his first brief speech. He represented India and Hinduism. He was initially nervous, bowed to Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning and began his speech with, "Sisters and brothers of America!". To these words he got a standing ovation from a crowd of seven thousand, which lasted for two minutes. When silence was restored he began his address. He greeted the youngest of the nations on behalf of "the most ancient order of monks in the world, the Vedic order of sannyasins, a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance." He quoted two illustrative passages from the Shiva mahimna stotram—"As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take, through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee!" and "Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling through paths that in the end lead to Me." Despite being a short speech, it voiced the spirit of the Parliament and its sense of universality.
Dr. Barrows, the president of the Parliament said, "India, the Mother of religions was represented by Swami Vivekananda, the Orange-monk who exercised the most wonderful influence over his auditors." He attracted widespread attention in the press, which dubbed him as the "Cyclonic monk from India". The New York Critique wrote, "He is an orator by divine right, and his strong, intelligent face in its picturesque setting of yellow and orange was hardly less interesting than those earnest words, and the rich, rhythmical utterance he gave them." The New York Herald wrote, "Vivekananda is undoubtedly the greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions. After hearing him we feel how foolish it is to send missionaries to this learned nation." The American newspapers reported Vivekananda as "the greatest figure in the parliament of religions" and "the most popular and influential man in the parliament". The Boston Evening Transcript reported that Vivekananda was "a great favourite at the parliament...if he merely crosses the platform, he is applauded". He spoke several more times at the Parliament on topics related to Hinduism, Buddhism and harmony of religions. The parliament ended on 27 September 1893. All his speeches at the Parliament had the common theme of universality, and emphasised religious tolerance.
Lecturing tours in America and England
"I do not come", said Swamiji on one occasion in America, "to convert you to a new belief. I want you to keep your own belief; I want to make the Methodist a better Methodist; the Presbyterian a better Presbyterian; the Unitarian a better Unitarian. I want to teach you to live the truth, to reveal the light within your own soul."
Following the Parliament of Religions, Vivekananda spent nearly two years lecturing in various parts of eastern and central United States, mostly in Chicago, Detroit, Boston, and New York. He founded the "Vedanta Society of New York" in 1894. By the spring of 1895, his busy and tiring schedule led to poor health. He stopped lecturing tours, and started giving free and private classes on Vedanta and Yoga. Starting in June 1895, he conducted private lectures to a dozen of his disciples at the Thousand Island Park in New York for two months.
During his first visit to the West, he travelled to England twice—in 1895 and 1896. His lectures were successful there. There in November 1895, he met Margaret Elizabeth Noble, an Irish lady, who would later become Sister Nivedita. During his second visit to England in May 1896, Vivekananda met Max Müller, a noted Indologist from Oxford University who wrote Ramakrishna's first biography in the West. From England, he also visited other European countries. In Germany he met Paul Deussen, another Indologist. Vivekananda was offered academic positions in two American universities—one for the chair of Eastern Philosophy at Harvard University and another similar position at Columbia University—which he declined since such duties would conflict with his commitment as a monk.
Vivekananda attracted several followers and admirers in the US and Europe, such as Josephine MacLeod, William James, Josiah Royce, Robert G. Ingersoll, Nikola Tesla, Lord Kelvin, Harriet Monroe, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Sarah Bernhardt, Emma Calvé, and Professor Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz. He initiated several followers into his mission; Marie Louise, a French woman, became Swami Abhayananda, and Mr. Leon Landsberg, became Swami Kripananda.
From West, Vivekananda also set his work back in India in motion. He was in regular correspondence with his followers and brother monks, offering advice and monetary funds. His letters in this period reflect motives of his campaign for social service, and often contained strong words. He wrote to Swami Akhandananda, "Go from door to door amongst the poor and lower classes of the town of Khetri and teach them religion. Also, let them have oral lessons on geography and such other subjects. No good will come of sitting idle and having princely dishes, and saying "Ramakrishna, O Lord!"—unless you can do some good to the poor." Eventually in 1895, money sent by Vivekananda was used to start the periodical Brahmavadin, for the purpose of teaching the Vedanta. Later, Vivekananda's translation of first six chapters of The Imitation of Christ was published in Brahmavadin (1889). Vivekananda left for India on 16 December 1896 from England with his disciples, Captain and Mrs. Sevier, and J.J. Goodwin. On the way they visited France and Italy, and set sail for India from the Port of Naples on 30 December 1896. He was later followed to India by Sister Nivedita. Nivedita devoted the rest of her life to the education of Indian women and the cause of India's independence.
Back in India (1897–1899)
Colombo to Almora
The ship from Europe arrived in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 15 January 1897. Vivekananda received an ecstatic welcome. In Colombo, he gave what constitutes his first public speech in the East, India, the Holy Land. From there on, his journey to Calcutta was a triumphal progress. He travelled from Colombo to Pamban, Rameswaram, Ramnad, Madurai, Kumbakonam and Madras delivering lectures. People and Rajas gave him enthusiastic reception. During his train journeys, people often squatted on the rails to enforce stopping of the train to hear him. From Madras, he continued his journey to Calcutta and then to Almora. While in the West he talked of India's great spiritual heritage; on return to India he repeatedly addressed social issues—uplift of the population, getting rid of the caste system, promotion of science, industrialisation of the country, addressing the widespread poverty, and the end of the colonial rule. These lectures, published as Lectures from Colombo to Almora, show his nationalistic fervour and spiritual ideology. His speeches had influence on the contemporaneous and subsequent Indian leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Bipin Chandra Pal, Balgangadhar Tilak and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Founding of the Ramakrishna Mission
On 1 May 1897 at Calcutta, Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission—the organ for social service. The ideals of the Ramakrishna Mission are based on Karma Yoga. Its governing body consists of the trustees of the Ramakrishna Math—the organ to carry out religious works. Both Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission have their headquarters at Belur Math. He founded two other monasteries—one at Mayavati on the Himalayas, near Almora, called the Advaita Ashrama and another at Madras. Two journals were started, Prabuddha Bharata in English and Udbhodan in Bengali. The same year, the famine relief work was started by Swami Akhandananda at Murshidabad district.
Vivekananda had earlier inspired Jamsetji Tata to set up a research and educational institution when they had travelled together from Yokohama to Chicago on Vivekananda's first visit to the West in 1893. Now Tata requested him to head the Research Institute of Science that Tata had established; he declined the offer citing conflict with his "spiritual interests". Vivekananda visited Punjab where he tried to mediate ideological conflict between Arya Samaj (a reformist movement of Hinduism) and Sanatans (orthodox Hindus). After brief visits to Lahore, Delhi and Khetri, he returned to Calcutta in January 1898. He consolidated the works of math and trained disciples over the next several months. He composed Khandana Bhava Bandhana, a prayer song dedicated to Ramakrishna in 1898.
Second visit to the West and last years (1899–1902)
Vivekananda left for the West for the second time in June 1899 despite his declining health. He was accompanied by Sister Nivedita and Swami Turiyananda. He spent a short time in England, and went on to the United States. During this visit, he established the Vedanta societies at San Francisco and New York. He also founded "Shanti Ashrama" (peace retreat) at California. He attended the Congress of Religions in Paris in 1900. From the US, he went to Paris. His lectures in Paris dwelt on worship of Linga and authenticity of the Gita. From Paris he visited Brittany, Vienna, Istanbul, Athens and Egypt. The French philosopher Jules Bois was his host for most of this period. He returned to Calcutta on 9 December 1900.
Following a brief visit to Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati, he settled at Belur Math from where he continued to co-ordinate the works of Ramakrishna Mission and Math, and also the works in England and America. Many visitors came to him in these days, including royalties and politicians. He was unable to join the Congress of Religions in 1901 in Japan due to deteriorating health. He, however, went for pilgrimages to Bodhgaya and Varanasi. Declining health and ailments such as asthma, diabetes and chronic insomnia restricted his activities.
On 4 July 1902, the day of his death, Vivekananda woke up very early in the morning, went to chapel and meditated for three hours. He taught Shukla-Yajur-Veda, Sanskrit grammar, and yoga philosophy to pupils in the morning at Belur Math. He discussed with colleagues a plan to start a Vedic college in the Ramakrishna Math, and carried out usual conversation. At seven p.m. he went into his room and asked not to be disturbed. Vivekananda died at ten minutes past nine p.m. while he was meditating. According to his disciples, Vivekananda attained Mahasamadhi. Rupture of blood vessels in the brain was reported as a possible cause of the death. His disciples believed that rupture was on account of Brahmarandhra —the aperture in the crown of the head —being pierced when he attained Mahasamadhi. Vivekananda had fulfilled his own prophecy of not living to be forty years old. He was cremated on sandalwood funeral pyre on the bank of Ganga in Belur. On the other bank of the river, Ramakrishna had been cremated sixteen years before.
Teachings and philosophy
Hindu philosophy
Vivekananda believed a country's future depends on its people; his teachings focused on the development of the mass. He wanted "to set in motion a machinery which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest." Vivekananda believed that the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in the Vedanta philosophy, based on the interpretation of Adi Shankara. He summarised the Vedanta's teachings as follows:
"Each soul is potentially divine. The goal is to manifest this Divinity within by controlling nature, external and internal.
Do this either by work, or worship, or mental discipline, or philosophy—by one, or more, or all of these—and be free. This is the whole of religion. Doctrines, or dogmas, or rituals, or books, or temples, or forms, are but secondary details."
Vivekananda linked morality with the control of mind. He saw truth, purity and unselfishness as traits which strengthened the mind. He advised his followers to be holy, unselfish and have Shraddha (faith). He supported practice of Brahmacharya (celibacy), and believed that such practice was the source of his physical and mental stamina, as well as eloquence. Vivekananda emphasised that success was an outcome of focused thought and action. In his lectures on Raja Yoga, he said, "Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, dream of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success, that is way great spiritual giants are produced."
Influence and legacy
Vivekananda revitalised Hinduism within and outside India. He was the principal reason behind the enthusiastic reception of yoga, transcendental meditation and other forms of Indian spiritual self-improvement in the West. Professor Agehananda Bharati explained that, "...modern Hindus derive their knowledge of Hinduism from Vivekananda, directly or indirectly." Vivekananda espoused the idea that all sects within Hinduism and, indeed, all religions, are different paths to the same goal. This view, however, has been criticised for oversimplification of Hinduism.
In the background of germinating nationalism in the British-ruled India, Vivekananda crystallised the nationalistic ideal. In the words of the social reformer Charles Freer Andrews, "The Swami's intrepid patriotism gave a new colour to the national movement throughout India. More than any other single individual of that period Vivekananda had made his contribution to the new awakening of India." Vivekananda drew the attention towards the prevalence of poverty in the country, and maintained that addressing such poverty was prerequisite for the national awakening. His nationalistic thoughts influenced scores of Indian thinkers and leaders. Sri Aurobindo regarded Vivekananda as the one who awakened India spiritually.[150] Gandhi counted him among the few Hindu reformers "who have maintained this Hindu religion in a state of splendor by cutting down the dead wood of tradition."
The first governor general of independent India, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, said "Vivekananda saved Hinduism, saved India." According to Subhas Chandra Bose, a major proponent of armed struggle for Indian independence, Vivekananda was "the maker of modern India"; for Mahatma Gandhi, Vivekananda's influence increased his "love for his country a thousandfold." Vivekananda influenced India's independence movement; his writings inspired a whole generation of freedom fighters such as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Aurobindo Ghose, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bagha Jatin. Many years after Vivekananda's death, Rabindranath Tagore told French Nobel Laureate Romain Rolland, "If you want to know India, study Vivekananda. In him everything is positive and nothing negative." Rolland himself wrote that "His words are great music, phrases in the style of Beethoven, stirring rhythms like the march of Händel choruses. I cannot touch these sayings of his, scattered as they are through the pages of books, at thirty years' distance, without receiving a thrill through my body like an electric shock. And what shocks, what transports, must have been produced when in burning words they issued from the lips of the hero!"
Jamsetji Tata was influenced by Vivekananda to establish the Indian Institute of Science—one of India's best known research universities. Abroad, Vivekananda had interactions with Max Müller. Scientist Nikola Tesla was one of those influenced by the Vedic philosophy teachings of Vivekananda. On 11 November 1995, a section of Michigan Avenue, a major thoroughfare in downtown Chicago, was renamed "Swami Vivekananda Way". National Youth Day in India is observed on his birthday, 12 January. He is projected as a role model for youth by the Indian government as well as non-government organisations and personalities. In September 2010, India's Finance Ministry highlighted the relevance of teachings and values of Vivekananda in the modern competitive environment. The Union Finance Minister, Pranab Mukherjee, approved in principle the "Swami Vivekananda Values Education Project" at the cost of 1 billion (US$18 million) with the objectives such as involving the youth through competitions, essays, discussions and study circles and publishing Vivekananda's complete work in different languages. In 2011, West Bengal Police Training College was renamed as "Swami Vivekananda State Police Academy, West Bengal". The state technical university of Chhattisgarh has been named as Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University. In 2012, the airport in Raipur was renamed as Swami Vivekananda Airport.
150th birthday celebration
150th birthday of Swami Vivekananda was celebrated all over India and in different countries of the world. Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports of India decided to observe 2013 as the year of 150th Birth Anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. Year-long events and programs were organised by different branches of Ramakrishna Math, Ramakrishna Mission, central government and different state governments of India, education institutions, youth groups etc. Bengali film director Tutu (Utpal) Sinha made a film The Light: Swami Vivekananda as a tribute to Swami Vivekananda on his150th birth anniversary.
Vivekananda was a powerful orator and writer both in English and Bengali. Majority of his published works were compiled from lectures given around the world. Vivekananda was a singer and a poet, and composed many songs and poems including his favourite Kali the Mother. He blended humour in his teachings; his language was lucid. His Bengali writings stand testimony to the fact that he believed that words—spoken or written—should be for making things easier to understand rather than show off the speaker or writer's knowledge.


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text:
Tag: omicron
A Timeline of Biden's Pandemic Response, Part 4: Winter of Death (December 2021 – Present)
January 10, 2022 January 7, 2022 Justin Feldman	Leave a comment
This series, which will run in four parts, has been adapted from "A year in, how has Biden done on pandemic response?" which was originally published on January 5, 2022 on Medium. Read the first, second, and third parts here.
By Justin Feldman
On December 1, 2021, the CDC issued a press release announcing that it had identified a case of the Omicron variant in the U.S. for the first time.
White House insiders admit that they were unprepared for Omicron, just as they were unprepared for Delta. Vice President Harris recently told an interviewer that the administration was caught flatfooted because their scientific advisors never warned that such variants could crop up (at least two of these advisors, Rick Bright and Celine Gounder, begged to differ).
While vaccination still provides powerful protection against hospitalization and death due to infection from Omicron, protection against symptomatic illness is weaker than before, particularly among those who have not received boosters. And though evidence is mounting that the risk of hospitalization and death is lower for each person infected compared to Delta, Omicron's extremely high transmissibility means that a large fraction of the population will become infected in a short time period, particularly in the absence of additional public health measures.
On December 21, as the highly contagious variant started to sweep the country, President Biden delivered remarks about the new threat. For the hundred million Americans who remain unvaccinated, the president's speech warned of the imminent risk of hospitalization and death. For the vaccinated and boosted, Biden's message was: Keep Calm and Carry On, all will likely be fine. And for Wall Street, the speech was meant to provide a crucial piece of reassurance: There would be no federal support for public health measures that restrict commerce.
A Timeline of Biden's Pandemic Response, Part 3: We Have the Tools (Sept. – Dec. 2021)
January 7, 2022 January 7, 2022 Justin Feldman	Leave a comment
This series, which will run in four parts, has been adapted from "A year in, how has Biden done on pandemic response?" which was originally published on January 5, 2022 on Medium. Read the first and second parts here.
Over the summer of 2021, concern grew that the vaccines were not providing the near-perfect protection against symptomatic disease and transmission that had first emboldened the administration to jettison other public health measures.
It was initially unclear whether the issue was Delta's higher transmissibility or waning immunity from vaccines, as the first groups had been vaccinated nearly a year prior. There was noticeable concern from CDC, which acknowledged the "war has changed" in a set of leaked slides from July 29, 2021. Of particular concern were case reports from Massachusetts and internationally of high viral loads observed among those who were vaccinated and infected. In late July, CDC reversed course on its mask guidance and recommended indoor masking for all, including the fully vaccinated, in counties with high transmission. In late September 2021, CDC reversed course on its quarantine guidance, which had previously stated that fully vaccinated people should not quarantine after a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
These changing epidemiologic realities could have brought about a course correction and a push for other public health policies to complement vaccination. Instead, the administration mostly adapted by shifting its messaging.
A Timeline of Biden's Pandemic Response, Part 2: A Pandemic of the Unvaccinated (May – Sept. 2021)
January 6, 2022 January 11, 2022 Justin Feldman	Leave a comment
This series, which will run in four parts, has been adapted from "A year in, how has Biden done on pandemic response?" which was originally published on January 5, 2022 on Medium. Read the first part here.
Framing vaccination as a way to opt out of the pandemic, and understanding the unvaccinated to be political enemies, has helped absolve the Biden administration of its responsibilities to protect the public's health and facilitated the relentless push to restore "normalcy" (i.e., full economic activity).
The administration knows better: In September 2020, while the vaccines were still being tested, key figures in Biden's orbit warned that it was unlikely vaccination alone could sufficiently control the pandemic.
From Shutting Down the Virus to Letting it Rip: A Timeline of Biden's Pandemic Response
This series, which will run in four parts, has been adapted from "A year in, how has Biden done on pandemic response?" which was originally published on January 5, 2022 on Medium.
Welcome to our "winter of severe illness and death."
Hospitals are becoming overwhelmed in various parts of the U.S., and one model predicts more than 120,000 COVID deaths will occur in the first two months of 2022.
How did we get here? How is our Democratic president — who ran, in part, against Trump's horrid pandemic response — letting the virus rip? How did we get to a point where a key organizer of the Great Barrington Declaration, a right-wing libertarian campaign opposed to public health measures, has stated that Republican and Democratic states alike have adopted policies in line with their philosophy? As hospitals fill up around the country, why are political leaders doing nothing to at least try to "flatten the curve"?
Who Has a Duty to Protect Your Health? The Answer May Surprise You
December 17, 2021 December 17, 2021 Jennifer S. Bard	Leave a comment
By Jennifer S. Bard
One of the most frightening aspects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been the lack of a recognized and trusted source of health and safety information.
This vacuum exists in part because, aside from your personal doctor, most parties providing health guidance can offer whatever advice they want with impunity.
Being an Adult in the Face of Omicron
December 10, 2021 December 9, 2021 Jennifer S. Bard	Leave a comment
To those who believe that the federal government is a benign force doing the best they can to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and keep us all safe, I have two words of advice: Grow up.
Neither the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or Dr. Fauci should be anthropomorphized into a benevolent but perhaps out-of-touch parental figure. They are not.
As a matter of law, the government, in contrast to your parents, or school, or perhaps even your employer, does not have a fiduciary duty to protect your (or any individual's) health and safety. As the Supreme Court said in Deshaney v. Winnebago Country Dept of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1980) and again in Castlerock v. Gonzales, 545 U.S. 748 (2005), individuals do not have an enforceable right to government protection unless the state itself creates the danger. Their duty, if it exists, is to the public in general, which can encompass many factors beyond any one person's health.
Just knowing that the government, duly elected or not, has no obligation to protect you or your family should be enough to look at its pandemic guidance as minimum, rather than maximum, standards. It should also encourage you to be proactive in taking precautions beyond those "recommended," rather than seeing these minimal standards as unwarranted restrictions that can be negotiated down.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Cron expression for every 23 hours I want to run a script every 23 hours.
following syntax tried but its not working.
is it right syntax for 23 hours:
<cron_expr>0 0,23,46,69,92,115 * * *</cron_expr>

A: You could do every 24 hours like this, every 23 hours would be a little trickier.
<cron_expr>0 23 * * *</cron_expr>

Technically the syntax for every something somethings would be */something, so */23 in your case.
Ie. If you wanted a cron to run every 6 hours, exactly on the hour, it would be,
<cron_expr>0 */6 * * *</cron_expr>

But this expression is only going to be valid for values under 12, as the cron's interpretation of 'every' resets each day.
So for every 23 hours, on the hour, you would be best executing it every hour like so, and doing a modulus of 23 within your script itself.
<cron_expr>0 * * * *</cron_expr>

Then in the method being executed, place this at the start,
$time = time();
if (((($time - ($time % 3600))/3600) % 23) != 0)
  return;

A: If you want every 23 hours, the expression would be:
<schedule>00 */22 * * *</schedule>

This will execute at minute 0 past every 22nd hour.
But more suitable way is at every 24 hours, for that you can choose any of below expressions:
<schedule>0 23 * * *</schedule>

Or
<schedule>00 */23 * * *</schedule>

Check for more expressions

A: As suggested by Ben Lessani Sonassi, best approach is to cron your script every hour, and doing a modulus of 23 against current plain time (o'clock, eg for instance 03:00 when parsing time is inside range [03:00,03:59]) within your script itself to determine if process can be run.
But in order to run every 23 hours, you have to do a modulus 23*3600 against seconds elapsed since Unix epoch.
So, in order to run a process defined in main function every 23 hours, add shell script below to your crontab as 0 * * * *
#!/bin/bash
main() (
  echo "it's time to run our process"
)

checkTimeRange() (
  # range hour parameter is required
  rangeHour=${1:?Missing time range}
  # second parameter is optional, for unit testing
  epochTime=${2:?$(date +%s)}
  # modulus returns the number of seconds elapsed since matching rangeHour
  modulus=$(( epochTime % ( rangeHour * 3600 ) ))
  # check if modulus is inside a range of [ 00:00 - 59:59 ] minutes
  # eg. less than 3600 secondes
  [[ ${modulus} -lt 3600 ]]
)

if checkTimeRange 23; then
  # current time matches the 23 hours period, let's start our stuff
  main
fi

Under the hood
['Curious people only' mode on]
Purpose of checkTimeRange shell function is to check if the call is performed when current time modulus hourPeriod is inside a range 0:00 to 59:59 minutes, in order to be able to set up an hourly cron between 0 and 59 minutes.
For deeper explanations, consider 29 Jun 2021 04:15:59 PM UTC (the date I wrote this article), which represents 1624983359 seconds since epoch time:
> date -d '29 Jun 2021 04:15:59 PM UTC' +%s
1624983359

> date -d @1624983359
Tue 29 Jun 2021 04:15:59 PM UTC

This number of seconds minus its modulus against 23 hours gives the previous valid trigger time for a period of 23 hours :
> echo $(( 1624983359 - ( 1624983359 % ( 23*3600 ) ) ))
1624950000

> date -d @1624950000
Tue 29 Jun 2021 07:00:00 AM UTC

And next trigger time for a 23 hour period would be Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:00:00 AM UTC:
> echo $(( 1624950000 + ( 23 * 3600 ) ))
1625032800

> date -d @1625032800
Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:00:00 AM UTC

So checkTimeRange shell function would have to return true for times from Tue 29 Jun 2021 07:00:00 AM UTC to Tue 29 Jun 2021 07:59:59 AM UTC and Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:00:00 AM UTC to Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:59:59 AM UTC:
> date -d 'Tue 29 Jun 2021 07:00:00 AM UTC' +%s
1624950000

> checkTimeRange 23 1624950000 && echo OK || echo KO
OK

> date -d @1624949999
Tue 29 Jun 2021 06:59:59 AM UTC

> checkTimeRange 23 1624949999 && echo OK || echo KO
KO

> date -d 'Tue 29 Jun 2021 07:59:59 AM UTC' +%s
1624953599

> checkTimeRange 23 1624953599 && echo OK || echo KO
OK

> date -d @1624953600
'Tue 29 Jun 2021 08:00:00 AM UTC'

> checkTimeRange 23 1624953600 && echo OK || echo KO
KO

> date -d 'Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:00:00 AM UTC' +%s
1625032800

> checkTimeRange 23 1625032800 && echo OK || echo KO
OK

> date -d @1625032799
Wed 30 Jun 2021 05:59:59 AM UTC

> checkTimeRange 23 1625032799 && echo OK || echo KO
KO

> date -d 'Wed 30 Jun 2021 06:59:59 AM UTC' +%s
1625036399

> checkTimeRange 23 1625036399 && echo OK || echo KO
OK

> date -d @1625036400
Wed 30 Jun 2021 07:00:00 AM UTC

> checkTimeRange 23 1625036400 && echo OK || echo KO
KO

['Curious people only' mode off]
And, on top of that, some useful references:

*

*crontab guru

*Modulus

*date linux manual page

A: This is the correct way:
<cron_expr>* */23 * * *</cron_expr>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Claudia, now 34, took up the challenge of penning a letter of advice to her former 18-year-old self.
Listen up, lady. Here are a few things I've learned that will help you live like a legend. No need to thank me, you are me.
So your A-levels didn't go to plan? You did enough. It won't change your trajectory. Shake off the self-doubt and move on with an open mind.
It's time to think about what you really want. Not what others want for you. Not the mad art teacher with the mad hair. Not the well-meaning parents stuck in the 1960s. Not the CDT teacher you have a crush on and whose every word you hang off.
Use your time at university to study something that inspires you. Don't worry about your student loan. Education is worth the price. Picking a subject just to score points with the big graduate employers will throw you down a career path you really won't like. And you'll just end up looking like an unemployable weirdo when you try and cheat the psychometric test. Yes, it happened. It hurt. Can we move on, please?
You can't know your calling yet, so follow your heart and not your head. If you work hard and love what you do, you'll be paid back in ways you won't have thought of yet.
Don't take university too seriously. You're there to study and do well but you should also enjoy its freedom and indulge in a bit of irresponsibility. Work fewer hours at the phone shop, you'll work long enough hours when you leave (and there's no commission in Pay As You Go anyway).
Hey. That Land Law exam you'll cry during (darn, confounded trusts!)? Well, you ace it.
Don't obsess about money. You'll pay back your student loan when you're ready and earning a decent salary. Get a new piercing, dye your hair pink, kiss all the handsome boys, stay up talking all night on a school night. These are the memories you'll treasure for the rest of your life. And seek out your forever friends – you'll need them for the journey ahead.
You'll spend a lot of time at work soon. And that's why you need to pick a path that's true to you. Not everyone is cut out for office hours or climbing the career ladder. Never force it. Success comes in many forms. My advice: find something the nine-to-fivers can't do.
Here's a nugget that took three P45s to learn: it's not just about the job, it's about the people you work with. Scratch that. It's all about the people you work with. Some industries are just full of sucky people. Find your crowd, find your calling.
Don't worry too much if you make the wrong choices. So long as you're brave enough to recognise what needs to change and to take the steps to make things right, you'll get back on track. Wrong moves aren't wasted; they help inform where you should go next. So leave the job that makes you sad every Sunday night. Start over in a new career if the thought of doing your boss's boss's job makes your heart sink. Go back to school if you need to. The sooner you leap, the sooner you'll sleep better. Do it now.
Don't waste time on people who drain you. They won't be there in ten years time, even if you work hard to please them. Hold on to the people who make you laugh, who build you up, and who inspire you to think big. Drop everything for these people when they need you, because they will do the same for you.
To live is to learn. Even the misguided romances and dubious decisions will make you a stronger, wiser person (although maybe skip the guy who looked like Alan Partridge, there was nothing to learn there). Not everything will come easily. But it's okay to fail. In fact, it's better than okay. To never fail is to never try. Keep trying.
The plan is meant to change. So don't beat yourself up when your ideals turn out to be less than ideal. Your priorities will shift over time. Let them. Change is refreshing. Shake things up as often as you can – it keeps life interesting.
P.S. Go easy on the hair straighteners.


text:
Retailers: P.R. must remain efficient to endure rising food prices
May 5, 20110536
Manuel Reyes, executive vice president of MIDA. (Credit: © Mauricio Pascual)
Manuel Reyes (Credit: © Mauricio Pascual)
The links that make up Puerto Rico's food chain — shippers, distributors and retailers — need to become as efficient as possible to keep costs in check as external pressures continue mounting and threatening the price and availability of products.
Furthermore, private sector representatives gathered Wednesday for the University of Puerto Rico's School of Business Alumni luncheon, urged the government to adopt a comprehensive food security policy that details how the industry performs, from ports to grocery stores, and highlights areas that need improvement.
"Inasmuch as we cannot control the majority of the external factors that put pressure on food prices, Puerto Rico has to become more efficient in controlling local factors that affect prices and availability," said Manuel Reyes, vice president of the Food Marketing Industry and Distribution Chamber, known as MIDA. "We need to know specifically how much is available and how the system works."
It is widely known that rising oil prices, natural disasters and growing demand for food by emerging economies are some of the external forces that affect how much food costs and is available to distribute. But what may not be mentioned as often are the existing conditions that help the island somewhat offset external trends, Reyes said.
"There is a distribution of expenses in place in Puerto Rico that benefits or adjusts pretty well against the weight of food costs. Also, local consumers spend about 14.5 percent of their household budget on food, which compares favorably to other places such as Russia and Africa, where people have to pick between eating or taking care of other things, as their food budgets reach 34 percent and 54 percent, respectively," Reyes noted. "Puerto Rico's low household food expenses imply that there is a low risk of us facing hunger, as there is margin to adjust in case of a rise in food prices."
What is a cause of concern, however, is that between one-quarter to one-third of the cost of food in Puerto Rico is subsidized by federal money. Puerto Rico residents receive more than $2 billion in nutritional assistance payments each year, a worrisome amount considering that Congress has already said it will be making significant budget cuts in coming years to address its deficit.
"We're living a time when federal funds are dwindling and there are budgetary pressures. We really don't have much security when it comes to that," Edwin Colón, executive director of Supermercados Selectos chain, said.
Strategizing to deal with escalating prices
Edwin Colón (Credit: © Mauricio Pascual)
During his 15-minute presentation, Colón said the retail chain has had to make its own adjustments to handle the issue of food pricing, including adding stores to increase its purchasing capacity.
"We have to constantly manage our cost structure to be able to survive. Profit margins on food sales are below 1 percent, so we depend on volume to control costs and remain competitive," Colón said.
Food prices have increased in recent years, but the situation may have been worse had it not been for the fierce competition among food retailers, he noted.
The veteran executive said, however, that the island's food industry will remain vulnerable as long as all of the goods continue to arrive through a single point: maritime ports.
"We're exposed to the risk that if we don't have access to food arriving at ports, for reasons such as hurricanes or something else, it won't be available for our people," Colón said. "Imagine the consequences of facing a shortage for that reason, coupled with global scarcity."
Change in consumer patterns
Angel Vázquez (Credit: © Mauricio Pascual)
Meanwhile, Angel Vázquez, president of distribution company B. Fernández y Hnos., said while the company he leads has also had to take measures to weather rising food costs, they have not been enough to prevent a noticeable change in consumer behavior.
For instance, he said that as a result of escalating prices, the so-called "premium brands" that several years ago generated important revenue for the company are taking a back seat to what he called "value products."
"The effect of the cost increases has had a direct impact on the diets of working and low-income families, especially in underdeveloped countries," Vázquez said. "Fortunately, in Puerto Rico we still have the benefit of variety to be able to swing it."
The information and documents contained in "News is my Business" are property of this site. You may not copy, distribute or use this information without the express written permission of this site's creator, unless it is for personal or educational purposes. Fees for commercial or for-profit use apply.
Related tags : economyretailers
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text:
Modules.load("browser", "array").module("event", function(api) {

    var event = {
        addEvent: api.browser.ie ?
            function(element, event_name, listener) {
                var f = function(e) {
                    listener.call(element, event.wrap(e));
                };
                element.attachEvent("on" + event_name, f);
                addLeakedHook(element, "on" + event_name, f);
                return f;
            } :
            function(element, event_name, listener, capture) {
                element.addEventListener(event_name, listener, capture || false);
                return listener;
            },

        removeEvent: api.browser.ie ?
            function(element, event_name, listener) {
                var f = listener, index;

                api.array(IEcallbacks).forEach(function(e, i) {
                    if (e[0] === element && e[1] == ("on" + event_name)) {
                        // функция с контектом this
                        f = e[2];

                        index = i;
                    }
                });

                element.detachEvent("on" + event_name, f);

                try {
                    // удаляем из массива callback
                    IEcallbacks.splice(index, 1);
                } catch (e) {
                }

                return f;
            } :
            function(element, event_name, listener, capture) {
                element.removeEventListener(event_name, listener, capture || false);
                return listener;
            },

        wrap: api.browser.ie ?
            function(e) {
                e.target = e.srcElement;
                e.currentTarget = e.fromElement;
                e.stopPropagation = function() {
                    this.cancelBubble = true;
                };
                e.preventDefault = function() {
                    this.returnValue = false;
                };
                return e;
            } :
            function(e) {
                return e;
            },

        fireEvent: api.browser.ie ?
            function(element, event_type) {
                if (document.createEventObject) {   // IE before version 9
                    try {
                        var clickEvent = document.createEventObject(window.event);
                        clickEvent.button = 1;  // left click
                        clickEvent.clientX = 0;
                        element.fireEvent("on" + event_type, clickEvent);
                    } catch (e) {
                    }
                } else {
                    element.fireEvent("on" + event_type);
                }
            } :
            function(element, event_type) {
                var e = document.createEvent("MouseEvent");
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                element.dispatchEvent(e);
            },

        stopEvent: function(event) {
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            event.stopPropagation();
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        var f = (function(element, event_type, listener) {
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                element.parentNode && element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
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    if (api.browser.ie) {
        event.addEvent(window, "unload", fixMemoryLeaks);
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    return this.publicateAPI("event", event);
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Bob Rogers House was a historic house at South Spring Street and West Woodruff Avenue in Searcy, Arkansas.  It was a two-story wood frame I-house, with a gabled roof, weatherboard siding, and a brick foundation.  Its most prominent feature was a projecting pedimented Greek Revival portico.  It was built about 1870, and was one of the city's few examples of Greek Revival architecture.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.  It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database, and was delisted in 2018.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Greek Revival architecture in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1870
Houses in Searcy, Arkansas
Demolished buildings and structures in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Searcy, Arkansas
Former National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
1870 establishments in Arkansas
I-houses in Arkansas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Contract NDT Engineer (Advanced UT) required for work at Devonport dockyard in Plymouth.
To carry out advanced UT, conventional UT and surface examination techniques to a specification, and censor the results to the acceptance standards in an efficient and effective manner.
To understand the duties and expectations of the appointment.
To demonstrate the appropriate attitude to nuclear safety required to discharge responsibilities.
To have a clear understanding of all relevant safety case, operating rules, operating instructions and mechanisms, the reasons they are imposed and the consequences of their breach.
The Design Department for informing the classification of material type and levels (i.e. nuclear safety importance) so that the appropriate examination is carried out.
Submarines, Warships, Navalbase, Strategic, New Business, Defence, Equipment and Rolls Royce Submarine - for identifying the services they require from the NDT Department.
The Health Physics Manager (HPM) for the provision of radiological protection and monitoring services.
The Babcock Refit and Repair Project Managers for provision of all necessary environment support services and personnel to allow NDT to carry out their activities.
The Dockyard Laboratory for the provision of services.
Cease any activities associated with the principal tasks identified in section 4, including those of contractors employed by the NDT Department if he considers safety is threatened.
To request the necessary supporting services identified in section 7, to allow them to effectively discharge their own responsibilities.
Suitable understanding of dockyard systems gained through working in an engineering environment.


text:
function addEntry(dm, MoTeCFile, FinalHash, Details, channels)
    try
        %Check if the Log Date and Time were recorded
        if isfield(Details, 'LogDate') && isfield(Details, 'LogTime')
            try %#ok<TRYNC>
                %Use date time found in details instead of file creation date
                logDatetime = [Details.LogTime ' ' Details.LogDate];
                logDatetime = datetime(logDatetime, 'InputFormat', 'HH:mm:ss dd/MM/yyyy');
                logDatetime = datevec(logDatetime);

                MoTeCFile.createdTime = sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02.3fZ',logDatetime);
            end
        end

        %Create cell array of column names and values
        colNames = {'ldId', 'ldxId', 'OriginHash', 'FinalHash', 'Datetime'};
        values = {MoTeCFile.ld, MoTeCFile.ldx, MoTeCFile.OriginHash, FinalHash, MoTeCFile.createdTime};

        %Insert into the datastore
        fastinsert(dm.mDir, 'masterDirectory', colNames, values)

        %Get id for datasource
        query = sprintf('select id from MasterDirectory where FinalHash=''%s''',FinalHash);
        datasourceId = dm.mDir.fetch(query); datasourceId = datasourceId{:};

        %% Check for Missing Fields
        %Add Missing Names to Details Logged
        DetailName = dm.mDir.fetch('select fieldName from DetailName');
        fieldName = fieldnames(Details); fieldName = fieldName(:);
        [~,indexMissing] = setxor(fieldName, DetailName);

        %Check if no Detail Names are missing
        if ~isempty(indexMissing)
            %Add missing Detail names to the DetailName table
            for i = 1:length(indexMissing)
                fastinsert(dm.mDir, 'DetailName', 'fieldName', fieldName(indexMissing(i)))
            end
        end

        %Add missing Channels
        ChannelName = dm.mDir.fetch('select id, channelName from ChannelName');
        if ~isempty(ChannelName)
            [~,indexMissing] = setxor(channels,ChannelName(:,2));
        else
            indexMissing = true(length(channels),1);
        end

        %Check if no channels are missing
        if ~isempty(indexMissing)
            %Add Channels to ChannelName Table -> Ensure channel is a column array
            for i = 1:length(indexMissing)
                dm.mDir.execute('INSERT INTO ChannelName (channelName) VALUES (?)', channels(indexMissing(i)));
            end
        end

        %Commit Changes
        dm.mDir.conn.commit

        %% Add Entries

        %Record Details
        for i =1:length(fieldName)
            if isstruct(Details.(fieldName{i}))
                %Check that Detail was actually logged
                if ~isempty(Details.(fieldName{i}).Value)
                    %Add Entry to datastore
                    dm.mDir.execute(['INSERT INTO DetailLog (entryId, value, unit, fieldId) ',...
                        'VALUES (?, ?, ?, (SELECT id FROM DetailName WHERE fieldName = ?))'],...
                        datasourceId,...
                        Details.(fieldName{i}).Value, Details.(fieldName{i}).Unit,...
                        fieldName{i});
                end
            else
                %Check that Details was actually logged
                if ~isempty(Details.(fieldName{i}))
                    %Add Entry to datastore
                    dm.mDir.execute(['INSERT INTO DetailLog (entryId, value, fieldId) ',...
                        'VALUES (?, ?, (SELECT id FROM DetailName WHERE fieldName = ?))'],...
                        datasourceId,...
                        Details.(fieldName{i}),...
                        fieldName{i});
                end

            end
        end

        %Record Channels Logged
        for i = 1:length(channels)
            query = sprintf(['INSERT INTO ChannelLog (entryId, channelId) ',...
                'VALUES (%d, (SELECT id FROM ChannelName WHERE channelName = ''%s''));'],...
                datasourceId,channels{i});
            dm.mDir.execute(query)
        end

        %Commit Changes
        dm.mDir.conn.commit
    catch e
        %Rollback Changes
        dm.mDir.conn.rollback();

        %Re throw Error
        rethrow(e);
    end
end

function fastinsert(conn, table, fieldnames, values)
    %Helper function for adding entries to the datastore
    if ischar(values)
        values = {values};
    end
    if ischar(fieldnames)
        fieldnames = {fieldnames};
    end
    conn.execute(sprintf('INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (''%s'')',...
        table, strjoin(fieldnames,','), strjoin(values,''',''')));
end


How to duplicate anything with a simple shortcut.
You can make a copy of anything (notes, images, links, columns or entire boards) in Milanote. This is great for making templates or organising the same content in various ways.
Right-click any item in Milanote to duplicate it or see other options.


text:
VIDO-InterVac
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -
International Vaccine Centre
Every year infectious diseases emerge that threaten the health of people and animals and impact the global economy. It is estimated that three diseases emerge annually, and every three years one of them will lead to a larger epidemic.
Outbreaks of pathogens like tuberculosis, Zika virus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) regularly make headlines, and the threat of antibiotic-resistant superbugs is an increasing concern. All of this underlines the need to get ahead of these infectious diseases so that we can limit their impact.
To strengthen Canada's role in responding to infectious diseases, the University of Saskatchewan's Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) works with international partners to study human and animal pathogens and develop solutions.
With 150 interdisciplinary personnel, over $200 million in containment infrastructure, and more than four decades of experience, we develop vaccines and technologies that protect health.
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac)
University of Saskatchewan 120 Veterinary Road Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3 Canada
Phone: 306-966-7465 Fax: 306-966-7478 Email: info@vido.org
Management System Registered to ISO 9001
© Copyright 2020 VIDO-InterVac


text:
Q: How can I add an attribute to every `p` element in quilljs? How can I add an attribute to every Block element in quilljs?
I know that I can extend a Block, but is it possible to add an attribute even when pressing "Enter" on the keyboard?
let Block = Quill.import('blots/block');

class ParaBlot extends Block {
   static create(value) {
      let node = super.create();
      return node;
   }
}

A: To add an attribute like style or class to every Block element,
We could extend the default block blot element from the parchment lib,
Just like you are already doing, we import the Block Blot element and we extend the create(...) method to edit the node's attributes using the setAttribute function.
Here i'll be adding a border and a customBlock class for example.
Finnaly we override the default BlockBlot with ours
const BlockBlot = Quill.import('blots/block');

class CustomBlockBlot extends BlockBlot {
    static create(value) {
        const node = super.create(value);
        node.setAttribute('style', 'border: 1px solid lightgrey');
        node.setAttribute('class', 'customBlock');
        return node;
    }
}
Quill.register('formats/block', CustomBlockBlot);

Here is a demo https://codepen.io
This code block has to run before the target Quill instance is created
with new Quill(...)
We should also consider that it isn't able to change formatting dynamically although i believe we could backup the Delta and create a fresh new Quill instance with these new defaults.
Another good post about this implement-custom-editor-for-quill-blot


In this March 25, 2015 staff file photo, former Carson Mayor Jim Dear in his first day on the job as the newly elected Carson City Clerk. On Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2016, Dear was recalled.
Carson Clerk Jim Dear and a group of steadfast supporters pulled together all their political muscle to fend off a fierce effort to oust him from public office, but voters narrowly recalled him anyway Tuesday.
Not even $5 food gift cards, handed out as "voter incentives," could dissuade residents from ending Dear's 14-year political career — some would call it a reign of terror — in a town known for its rough-and-tumble politics.
With all 30 of the city's precincts reporting and vote-by-mail ballots counted, the controversial former mayor was removed from office by 53.8 percent of the vote. Voter turnout was just more than 16 percent, said Sue Herbers, a retired Torrance city clerk brought in to administer the recall election.
At the same time, residents voted to reinstate Donesia Gause, the former city clerk Dear beat in the March 2015 election. Gause later was appointed to a City Council seat that she now must relinquish to return to her former full-time job. Council members will decide whether to appoint her replacement or call for a special election.
Dear, who had become something of a pariah at City Hall because of what workers there called his erratic, racist and intimidating behavior, could not be reached for comment immediately after results were announced. But, shortly after polls closed Tuesday, he said he hadn't yet decided whether he would run again for the mayor's seat in 2017 if he lost.
He reiterated complaints he's had for months about the city's leadership, which he blames for colluding with his political foes. About 12,000 residents petitioned the city to hold the recall election, which cost about $200,000, but Dear said they were influenced by city leaders.
His supporters say he's a reliable representative for the city's large Filipino population and someone they can trust.
But like the street bearing his name that was removed from the Carson map last year, Dear is no longer welcome in City Hall after a grueling year struggling for power with city leaders who wanted him gone.
He lost a court battle when the city obtained restraining orders against him and friends he brought to work for support in September, and was censured in a unanimous City Council vote in October. The city is now seeking criminal charges against him because officials believe he only left the mayor's seat to boost his pension from the full-time clerk's position.
The part-time mayor's job pays $22,735 a year while the clerk's position pays about $130,000, allowing him to increase his annual retirement from $12,276 to $66,374.
Since capturing a City Council seat in 2001, Dear has had nothing but success at the ballot box. He won the mayor's seat three times beginning in 2004 and endeared himself to the community by appearing everywhere — from picnics and festivals to family gatherings and even funerals, always with a political speech at the ready.
Dear coveted the mayor's seat and often said he was "married to the city," spending most of his time working at City Hall, though he holds a Los Angeles Unified School District certificate as a substitute teacher.


text:
NEWS: Short Film Night @ Tyneside Cinema, Newcastle
Samm Haillay of Third Films is picking some of his favourite mini-masterpieces
By NARC. on Friday, May 29th, 2015
Candle & Bell have been producing their own short films nights at the Tyneside Cinema for a long while now, but this June's edition is set to be even more special as they welcome Third Films' Samm Haillay to the venue. The Newcastle based company have a strong reputation for producing short films, many of which have helped them to create a name for themselves as one of the region's best film producers and distributors.
In this special edition of Short Film Night, Samm will be presenting five of his favourite short films. Field is a dark tale of being a teenager in a rural location, focusing heavily on the boredom and isolation that living in the provinces can foster in adolescents. Love Me Or Leave Me Alone tells the tale of a boy who realises he's at fault after a fight with his girlfriend, and his struggle to make amends by the day's end. Meanwhile, another dilemma arises in Jade, as a young girl attempts to find the right path in life, but realises she may not be in control of her own decisions. More adolescent drama comes in the form of Compulsion, in which a teenager's anxieties come to the fore after learning of their girlfriend's infidelity. Finally, Twelfth Man examines the intense atmosphere during the Newcastle-Sunderland derby day.
With a wide range of themes and styles, Samm's picks for the night have something for all filmgoers' tastes.
Short Film Night takes place at the Tyneside Cinema on Tuesday 2nd June.
Focus: Chris Rickaby
Video Exclusive: Honeyflux – Tear Us Apart
My Inspiration: Cactusman – C'mon Let's Go/Last Man On The Earth
Focus: Radio Silence
News: Trillians – GoFundMe Campaign
My Inspiration: Alex Ayre
Interview: NOVYI LEF
My Inspiration: MiE Fielding – The Closest Thing to Heaven
Dream Show: Human History.
Single Exclusive: Channy – The Rest Of Me
FFO: YES CHEF


text:
Obama praises Canada's COVID-19 response as he blames Trump for deaths
Ross Andersen CTVNews.ca writer
@MrRossAndersen Contact
Published Saturday, October 31, 2020 8:46PM EDT Last Updated Saturday, October 31, 2020 10:10PM EDT
TORONTO -- Former U.S. President Barack Obama praised Canada's response to COVID-19 on Saturday as he criticized President Donald Trump's handling of the pandemic, suggesting that the U.S. could've saved thousands of lives if it had acted more like its northern neighbours.
Obama's comments were made during a drive-in rally held by Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden in Michigan.
"Our mortality rate in the United States is two and a half times higher than Canada – think about that. If we had the same percentage of folks dying in Canada, as we do here, nearly 90,000 Americans would have died, instead of 230,000 Americans," Obama said.
"If we had handled this pandemic like Canada did, 140,000 of our fellow Americans, might still be alive today. Think about that."
Follow every twist and turn between presidential candidates Joe Biden and Donald Trump on our Facebook group
In Canada, 10,136 people have died of COVID-19 as of Saturday. In the U.S., 230,316 people have died of COVID-19 and more than 9,110,000 have tested positive, according to tracking by Johns Hopkins University.
Based on those numbers, the U.S. has a lower case-to-fatality rate than Canada, at 2.5 per cent versus 4.3 per cent. However, the U.S. has a much higher number of deaths per 100,000 than Canada, at roughly 70 per 100,000 compared to 27 per 100,000.
Obama acknowledged COVID-19 would've been a tough file for any president to handle, but added: "This idea that somehow this White House has done anything but completely screw this up is nonsense."
Obama toured the state as part of a final push to pump up voters ahead of election day on Tuesday. Michigan played a critical role in Trump's 2016 victory, where he won by a slim margin of 11,000 votes.
Biden has invested heavily in the battleground state in hopes of flipping it for Democrats on Tuesday, and he currently holds a wide lead in the state, according to the latest polling averages.
As of Saturday, nearly 90 million voters had already cast ballots nationwide, according to a tally by the Associated Press, while tens of millions are still expected to vote before the polls close Tuesday night.
Michigan reported 3,793 new COVID-19 cases on Saturday, the highest single-day case total since the pandemic began, and 31 deaths, according to the latest update from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Service.
Former President Barack Obama speaks at a rally at Belle Isle Casino in Detroit, Mich., Saturday, Oct. 31, 2020, also attended by Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Full coverage at CTVNews.ca/AmericaVotes
Biden takes the lead in Georgia, teeing up potential flip for Democrats
Biden 'confident' he'll win after all votes counted
Facebook bans big 'Stop the Steal' group for sowing violence
Dozens arrested as protesters in U.S. demand vote count
Judges dismiss Trump claims in Georgia, Michigan
With another Florida loss, Democrats begin second guessing
Canada 'very carefully' monitoring unfolding U.S. election outcome: PM
Truth Tracker: Trump campaign, viral accounts making premature election calls
Twin Senate runoffs in Georgia could shape a Biden presidency
Moving to Canada didn't ease this American's election-induced stress
WATCH:Watch Alphonso Davies' reaction to Canada's second goal
WATCH:Couple marks retirement with 65 summits in Alta.
WATCH:Astronomers baffled after finding mysterious object in space
WATCH:CTV National News: Mysterious object
WATCH:CTV National News: Trucker convoy in Toronto
WATCH:CTV National News for Thursday, January 27, 2022


text:
Q: How do i simplify the following: $\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{j=2}^{n+1} (3j^2+1)$ I want to simplify

$$\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{j=2}^{n+1} (3j^2+1)$$

without a summation sign in the answer. How can I do this?
I can't work out how to simplify this expression. I appreciate any help.

A: Well the obvious first step will to try to see if we can combine terms:
$\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{j=2}^{n+1} (3j^2+1)=$
$(3\cdot1^2 + 4) + \sum_{k=2}^n (3k^2+4) - \sum_{k=2}^n (3k^2+1) - [3(n+1)^2 + 1]=$
$(3\cdot1^2 + 4)+\sum_{k=2}^n[(3k^2+4)- (3k^2+1)] - [3(n+1)^2 + 1]$
and see what happens.  As it turns out a lot happens.  (All of it good.)

A: Hint: Sometimes it helps to write the terms of a sum so you're not just looking at symbols. The sum is
\begin{align*}
(3 \cdot 1^2 + 4) + &(3 \cdot 2^2 + 4) + (3 \cdot 3^2 + 4) + \cdots + (3 \cdot n^2 + 4) \\
- \Big[ &(3 \cdot 2^2 + 1) + (3 \cdot 3^2 + 1) + \cdots + (3 \cdot n^2 + 1) + (3 \cdot (n+1)^2 + 1)\Big].
\end{align*}
Can you see how to simplify that?

A: That solves it. Expand the terms .....

A: $$\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{j=2}^{n+1} (3j^2+1)=\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{j=1}^{n} (3(j+1)^2+1)$$
$$=\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{i=1}^{n} (3(i+1)^2+1)=\sum_{i=1}^n (3i^2+4) - \sum_{i=1}^{n} 3i^2+6i+4$$
$$=\sum_{i=1}^{n} -6i=-6\frac{n}{2}(n+1)=-3n(n+1)$$


I am SO very lucky to have my very own soapographer in house! Soapographer? That's a soap photographer, see?! Titch took over taking photos of my soaps last Summer and I'm so glad she did, one less job for me and what a joy to find a talent so close to home (well, at home in fact!).
That's all for now... but, of course, I'm planning more... hope you enjoy everything! Make sure to check them out online at www.iamhandmade.com and check out the curing dates above.
All images courtesy of Titch Holland, www.facebook.com/takenbytitch - thanks so much hon!!!
I just love all of the colors! Very beautiful soaps Celine!
Beautiful soaps, Celine! The photos are fantastic!
OMG, the swirl of Buttered Maple Pecan is fabulous.
Pretty, Butter Maple Pecan has a really pretty swirl.
I added another comment to the post below (re the Two Blooms Design Studio video) but it's not showing up.
Decided to delete the old one and post another one.


A delightful set of high quality Sterling Silver cufflinks inlaid with rich Onyx and endearing Mother of Pearl.
This contemporary design is simplistic but stylish and is sure to impress when paired with any formal wear.
• 1/2 Black Onyx, 1/2 Mother of Pearl.
Why not pair up with Murray-Ward Sterling Silver 1/2 Onyx and Mother of Pearl Dress Studs for the prefect ensemble.


That I loved God, my wife and children before anything else.
Lack of accountability. Not doing what you said you were going to do.
I am the youngest President of the Las Vegas Chapter of the AGC (Associated General Contractors) in its 27 year history.
How important my faith is.
That recessions happen and that you must be prepared for those rainy days.


The excessive austerity and other extremes of the early hermits' lives were tempered by the establishment of cenobite (common life) communities. The foundation was thus laid in the 4th century for the institution of monasticism (i.e., monks living a common life according to an established rule). The eremitic life eventually died out in Western Christianity, but it has continued in Eastern Christianity. See also monasticism.


Design by Médailles Canale, the trinity cross.
18 carats gold medal, or in sterling silver, in 21mm.
This design also exists with a crown of thorns in the background. This beautiful religious medal is perfect for a christening, Holy communion or as an original and unique christmas gift.
You can have it engraved on the back. All of our choices of engraving here.


Go off the beaten path with the Diesel Padlock watch, new for Spring 2017. The stainless-steel case features a brown leather-wrapped rachetting topring with compass-inspired case details, complemented by a black chronograph dial with silver indexes and yellow crystal. A brown leather strap completes the look.


August Wolf provides full service event floral design. A few times a year I also open up for smaller orders (Valentine's day, Mother's day, Holidays, etc.) I work out of my studio on my property in the country located between Des Moines and Ames, Iowa. August Wolf is four years old, but 2018 was my first year designing florals full-time. Previously, I was a practicing attorney.
What is Your Favorite Part of Designing Floral Decor?
I love designing big events, but am starting to appreciate creating beauty in small packages. It's almost more challenging from a design perspective to create on a small scale, but I love the challenge. That being said, the bride's bouquet is something I never cut corners or compromise on. It is unique and stunning - perfectly complementary to the bride.
What is Your Favorite Part of Working with Engaged Couples?
I love getting to know my couples and reflecting their style in my designs. It is incredibly important to me that every wedding is completely custom to the couple. Inspiration can be taken from photos, but in the end their florals will be unlike anyone else's they've seen because they as a couple, are unlike anyone else.
Where Does August Wolf Floral Do Business?
Anywhere! Out of state, out of country.
What Inspired You to Do Floral Design?
I've always loved flowers and designed them for myself and friends for years. I would joke that someday I would have a flower shop - never actually believing it would be a reality. When I was pregnant with my first son, it suddenly didn't seem so crazy to have a "side" floral business. I blame the hormones. Fast forward three years later and running two busy careers was a crazy train I needed to get off of. I chose flowers. I like to think they chose me back.
How Can Couples Get in Touch with August Wolf?
The best way to schedule a consultation and start planning your wedding florals is to fill out a contact form on our website- www.augustwolffloral.com.
Remember that a marriage and a wedding are two different things. Put your effort into your marriage and hire great vendors you trust implicitly to take care of the wedding. Then you can relax, enjoy your love and have one hell of a party.
Are you looking to get notified with more wedding planning exclusives?
Why Sign Up for Exclusive Aporei Bridal Lingerie Discounts?
Let us help you take the stress out of wedding planning with our exclusive member discounts and planning hacks from our preferred wedding vendors. We've tapped the best vendors in the business to share exclusive discounts and inspiration to plan your dream wedding. We can help planning the bridal shower, bridal boudoir, bachelorette party, and beautiful flower arrangements.


text:
Why is There More Crime in Cities?
66 Pages Posted: 16 Oct 1996 Last revised: 9 May 2000
Bruce Sacerdote
Dartmouth College - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Date Written: January 1996
Crime rates are much higher in big cities than in either small cities or rural areas, and this situation has been relatively pervasive for several centuries. This paper attempts to explain this connection by using victimization data, evidence from the NLSY on criminal behavior and the Uniform Crime Reports. Higher pecuniary benefits for crime in large cities can explain approximately 27% of the effect for overall crime, though obviously much less of the urban- crime connection for non-pecuniary crimes such as rape or assault. Lower arrest probabilities, and lower probability of recognition, are a feature of urban life, but these factors seem to explain at most 20% of the urban crime effect. The remaining 45-60% of the effect can be related to observable characteristics of individuals and cities. The characteristics that seem most important are those that reflect tastes, social influences and family structure. Ultimately, we can say that the urban crime premium is associated with these characteristics, but we are left trying to explain why these characteristics are connected with urban living.
Glaeser, Edward L. and Sacerdote, Bruce, Why is There More Crime in Cities? (January 1996). NBER Working Paper No. w5430. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=10167
Dartmouth College - Department of Economics ( email )
6106 Rockefeller Hall


text:
the experience of double hosting
Hear from our new EF Regional Coordinator Jason and his wife Jenny about their first experience hosting two exchange students at the same time.
Read full entry >
Say 'YES' this year
We're never around. Our house isn't big enough. I don't have time.
Lessons learned through hosting
"When we were first considering hosting, we really didn't know what we were in for. The experience has turned out to be so much more than we ever could have hoped for." -host parents Ruth and Kevin
First-time host parents connecting with their community
"Our local group, students and host families got along so well from the very beginning. We knew that we would be spending a lot of time together throughout the exchange year, so I wanted to create a "hub" that we all had access to." - Host parents Derek and Nathon
From South Korea & Taiwan to Nebraska: Sophia, Jenith & the Carlsons
Meet Karen from Lincoln, Nebraska, who welcomed Sophia from South Korea and Jenith from Taiwan into her home.
From Italy & Switzerland to Arizona: Pierluigi, Livio & Garcia-Stokes
Meet Jesse and Wade from Phoenix, Arizona, who welcomed Pierluigi from Italy and Livio from Switzerland into their home.
From Germany to Alabama: Felix + the Nettles Family
Meet Katie and Jimmy from Gulf Shores, Alabama, who welcomed Felix from Germany into their home.
What does high school spirit in the USA really mean?
It's Friday and everyone is ready for some football! Watch as our student video crew experiences school spirit in the USA.


text:
What to do after getting diagnosed with bipolar?
What happens after a bipolar episode?
What happens if you get diagnosed with bipolar disorder?
Can a person have bipolar disorder and depression at the same time?
What kind of mood swings does bipolar disorder cause?
Which is more common, bipolar or hypomania?
Who is qualified to diagnose a bipolar disorder?
How do the doctors diagnose bipolar disorder?
How bad is bipolar disorder?
How can you treat bipolar without medication?
Please go to therapy and take medications, if necessary, and build a healthy lifestyle. Take care of yourself and love yourself because that is the first step in battling bipolar disorder." "It takes time to sort everything out so be kind to yourself and don't feel pressured to recover overnight.
After a manic or hypomanic episode you might: feel very unhappy or ashamed about how you behaved. have made commitments or taken on responsibilities that now feel unmanageable. have only a few clear memories of what happened while you were manic, or none at all.
f you've just been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, you are not alone. Bipolar disorder affects more than nine million Americans. It is treatable, and you are not weak, flawed, or crazy. One of the best things you can do to help yourself in your recovery is to learn all you can about your illness. I disorder. Instead, they experience mild highs,
hypomania if mild). Some people with bipolar disorder can experience what's called a mixed state. When this happens, people have symptoms of both depression and mania at the very same time. They have all of the negative feelings that come with depression, but they also feel agitated, restless, and activated.
People diagnosed with bipolar disorder have mood swings involving both lows (bipolar depression) and highs (called mania if severe or. hypomania if mild). Some people with bipolar disorder can experience what's called a mixed state.
In fact, people with bipolar disorder tend to spend more time depressed than manic. In both types of the illness, bipolar depression (the lows) is more common than mania or hypomania (the highs), and the depressions can be quite severe, even dangerous.
Because bipolar is relatively uncommon, affecting only 2.8% of the population, and because treatment is so specific, it should only be diagnosed by a medical doctor who specializes in mental health. In most cases, a psychiatrist or psychologist is most qualified to assess whether you meet the bipolar diagnosis criteria.
To diagnose bipolar disorder, a doctor may perform a physical examination, conduct an interview and order lab tests. While bipolar disorder cannot be seen on a blood test or body scan, these tests can help rule out other illnesses that can resemble the disorder, such as hyperthyroidism .
Bipolar disorder affects your mental state. It can cause episodes of mania and depression. These episodes can have a negative impact on all aspects of your life. Someone with bipolar disorder can be in a state of extreme joy or extreme despair. These episodes can alter your ability to function.
Daily routine can also be an excellent way to treat bipolar without medication (or alongside existing medication). It has been shown that a strict bipolar routine involving good sleep hygiene, eating, sleeping and socializing times can be a natural mood stabilizer.
What is meant by adenocarcinoma of the prostate?
How long after an incident can you claim?


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The Heat defeated the Knicks, 104-94, last night in Game 2 in Miami.
It wasn't as ugly as Game 1, but the result for the Knicks was still the same. And now, their season lingers on life support.
The story for the Heat was a balanced attack from four of five starters. LeBron James had 19?points and Dwyane added 25 more, but Chris Bosh and Mario Chalmers were impressive as well.
The task of keeping the Knicks in the game fell almost solely on the shoulders of Carmelo Anthony. He finished with 30 points on 12-of-26 shooting from the field. He didn't clog the offense though. Feeding Anthony was clearly the strategy from the get-go. He scored four points in the first 2:07 and 13 points total in the first quarter.
Maybe the only good news for the Knicks was the return of a healthy Tyson Chandler. Chandler looked awful in Game 1 as he tried to play with the flu. He played 27 minutes and had 13 points and six offensive rebounds in the loss.
It was the 12th consecutive playoff loss for the Knicks — tying the record set by Memphis from 2004 to 2006. They haven't won in the playoffs since 2001.
Game 3 comes Thursday at Madison Square Garden.


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