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Nonzero The Logic of Human Destiny by Robert Wright
Published January 9, 2001 by Vintage .
History - General History,
Social evolution,
Life Sciences - Evolution - Human,
Science / General,
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In Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, Wright asserts that, ever since the primordial ooze, life has followed a basic pattern. Organisms and human societies alike have grown more complex by mastering the challenges of internal cooperation. is a book everyone should read. the dynamics of mankind are better understood when one considers Cited by: In his landmark book `Nonzero - The Logic of Human Destiny'(1) he opens with the following quote from Charles Darwin: "As man advances in civilisation, and small tribes are united into larger communities, the simplest reason would tell each individual that he ought to extend his social instincts and sympathies to all members of the same nation /5. This book contains an even longer "personal" part towards the end, and his own subjective ideas are woven throughout "Nonzero." Wright is a reluctant agnostic, which is to say that his knowledge won't allow him to believe in any of the world's religions, but he simply can't bear the idea of life not having some higher purpose or design, so he. Part 1 of Nonzero, which makes up about two-thirds of the book, is dedicated to interpreting human history as the product of cultural evolution, driven .
Nonzero The Logic of Human Destiny By ROBERT WRIGHT Pantheon. The Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg once ended a book on this note: "The more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless." Far be it from me to argue with a great physicist about how depressing physics is. For all I know, Weinberg's realm of expertise, the. In Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, Wright asserts that, ever since the primordial ooze, life has followed a basic pattern. Organisms and human societies alike have grown more complex by mastering the challenges of internal cooperation. which was named by the New York Times Book Review as one of the twelve best books of the year and has /5(22). Nonzero examines our evolutionary and cultural history, concluding that the direction of our evolution was determined by a natural tendency to create win-win situations. It argues that humankind's biological and cultural history is directional, even purposeful, pushing towards increasing complexity and ultimately goodness. Vintage Books • • pages • $ paperback. In Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, Robert Wright argues that gains from trade, or "nonzero" transactions, is the motivating force driving human e of the advantages of engaging in nonzero-sum transactions, it was virtually inevitable that living organisms would evolve whose primary Author: Todd Zywicki.
In Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, Wright asserts that, ever since the primordial ooze, life has followed a basic pattern. Organisms and human societies alike have grown more complex by mastering the challenges of internal cooperation/5(13). In his bestselling The Moral Animal, Robert Wright applied the principles of evolutionary biology to the study of the human mind. Now Wright attempts something even more ambitious: explaining the direction of evolution and human history–and discerning where history will lead us Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, Wright asserts that, ever since the /5(5). The full version of my argument to this effect takes a while to unfold (I spent hundreds of pages on it in my book Nonzero). But you can get at least some sense for why I'm an international law aficionado by reflecting on this question: Why is it that pretty much no one in the entire foreign policy establishment—not liberal. Nonzero the Logic of Human Destiny Robert Wright, Author Pantheon Books $ (p) ISBN More By and About This Author New Coronavirus Updates for the Book .
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I wanted to share these viewpoints with you because if you really take them to heart and live by them, you're going to change your world in a seriously cool way.
I speak from experience. I've learned these things slowly over the years. Yep – I'm a work in progress too. But aren't we all, really?
It's a somewhat long-ish list, but it's a good one. I hope you make it to the end and leave a comment so we can connect.
Here are 8 rules confident women live by and how you can live by them too.
As human beings, we're taught to see things as good or bad; hot or cold; black or white. We want everything wrapped up in a neat perfect little box and topped with a bright shiny label. This is the very thinking that has you declaring, "I've had a bad food day – who cares? I'm eating whatever I want now. I've blown it anyway…." After one (I repeat one) not-so-great meal.
It's also the same thinking that has us pushing for a label in a budding new relationship. When in reality, we don't even know if we really like them (gasp!) because we don't really know them that well. Instead of asking, "Do they like me? What are we?" We need to take a step back and ask, "Do I like them?"And continue to get to know them.
This thinking here? It's defining. There's no room for growth. Yes, you may have failed in the past, you may have mucked up past relationships, and had bad food days (remember … you're a human being!), but that doesn't mean you can't try again and succeed – seriously.
Give yourself a break. Show yourself some compassion. In other words, learn to play in the grey. It's tempting to paint the world in black and white, but that's not where we learn, where we succeed, and where we learn to cut through the gunk to get to the good stuff. Instead of trying to define everything, take a step back and a few deep breaths, and ask yourself what the next best decision is for you moving forward – play in the grey – and I promise you'll grow.
This is one of the agreements in Don Miguel Ruiz's book, The Four Agreements. When I first heard these words of wisdom I knew I had a lot of work to do here. And if you're anything like me or the kind, caring, compassionate I work with, you may have to hone-in on this one too.
Just for the plain and simple fact it's true. What others do or say has absolutely nothing to do with you. Nothing. That coworker who has rude? That family member who made that mean comment about your appearance? That's a reflection of their own internal struggles and maybe, even their day. They could have just been in a fight with their partner, lost their job, or are trying to hit a stressful deadline…. you have no idea.
The fact is: happy people aren't unkind. They just aren't. And happy women get this. And they get that what people need most here is compassion. Happy women have a deep understanding that the world and people aren't out to get them. People are too preoccupied with their own lives, just trying to make it to the next day, all doing the best they can.
As soon as you take this to heart, practice compassion, and use these difficult situations as opportunities to stay in a good place, you'll start to see a massive shift. Because you know what? You'll be happier … and feel much more at peace.


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"It freed the HR personnel to take on development and strategic functions" Read what M&M have to say on their implementation.
December 12, 2003 by SAP News
Bangalore, India —
Name: Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
Industry:Automotive and farm equipment
SAP Products deployed:	mySAP HR
When Mahindra & Mahindra implemented mySAP HR solutions recently, it was no green horn in IT implementation. On the contrary, it had crossed many milestones. In 1998, the company achieved the 'SAP Star Customer Award'. In 1998-99, it earned the distinction of being the largest SAP sites on Windows NT platform in the world. Thus the choice of SAP for HR was but a logical and foregone conclusion. "It freed the HR personnel to take on development and strategic functions," according to the company spokesperson.
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited (M&M) is the flagship company of the Rs. 6200 crore Mahindra Group, which has a significant presence in key sectors of the Indian economy. A consistently high performer, M&M is one of the most respected companies in the country.
Set up in 1945 to make general-purpose utility vehicles for the Indian market, M&M soon branched out into manufacturing agricultural tractors and light commercial vehicles (LCVs). The company later expanded its operations from automobiles and tractors to secure a significant presence in many more important sectors, including Hospitality, Trade and Financial Services, Automotive Components, Information Technology, Telecom and Infrastructure Development. Each of these are operated as distinct entities, while the core activities of manufacturing utility and light commercial vehicles and agricultural tractors remaining with the flagship company.
The company's outstanding manufacturing and engineering skills has helped it to constantly innovate and launch new products in the market, the most recent being the highly successful Bolero and Scorpio brands of utility vehicles and the Arjun brand of agricultural tractors.
At the core of the company's growth philosophy has been its belief in people. The company has sought to reward and retain the best talent in the industry and is respected for its progressive labour management practices.
SITUATION PRIOR TO IMPLEMENTATION
Prior to implementation of SAP, HR data was stored with basic software like MS-Office or Access. There was little control on human errors as there were no mechanisms to validate data. Information was stored in islands in various forms and files and analytical processing of information was almost impossible. HR professionals spent more time on searching data, filing records and rectifying errors than contributing in any meaningful way to business strategy.
MOTIVATION FOR CHANGE
Among the challenges facing the HR department was the need to align HR objectives with the company's strategic goals, integrate operations with processes of other departments and deliver services in multiple locations. In the fast paced challenging environment, the HR department had to be equipped with the right data and right information. Clearly, an integrated solution was the need of the hour.
REASONS FOR CHOOSING mySAP
M & M had already implemented SAP R/3 in the areas of Logistics and Financial Accounting. Therefore, it was but logical to select mySAP HR for overall integration of back end applications. When compared to other applications, SAP also provided a single integrated solution for alignment of all HR processes and activities. An additional advantage was that all HR reports could be generated from Business Warehouse that had already been implemented by the company.
COMPONENTS OF mySAP IMPLEMENTED
In the first phase, Organisational Management, Recruitment, Personnel Administration and Personnel Development have been implemented. In this phase, the scope of the PD module covers only the Appraisal Model and ratings.
The project started on January 8, 2003 and went live on June 17, 2003
BENEFITS, IMPROVEMENTS, ACHIEVED GOALS
According to M & M, mySAP implementation generally matched the systems offerings with user expectations. Overall, the company achieved standardised and re-engineered processes across various business units along with a comprehensive reporting mechanism. This has resulted in the saving of both time and effort, freeing the HR personnel to take on more development and strategic activities.
More specifically, mySAP HR has helped evolve a unique token number system to identify each employee in the system taking out multiplicity and duplicity prevalent in the system earlier. Data on personnel is more easily available, reliable and can be accessed on line. Staffing decisions are easier and have improved. There is a company-wide integration of the HR function. Search for prospective candidates, both internally and externally, has become more focused on the basis of specified parameters.
Going further, it has now become possible for the company to have a clear recruitment strategy with the support of a strong databank of all job applicants. According to the company spokesperson, "In today's business environment, HR professionals are expected to do more with less. SAP will enable them to shift from the traditional and more administrative role to that of strategic partners in growth."
SAP India and TERI Join Hands to Propel India's Sustainability Agenda
Press Release — The collaboration will support key industry sectors, organizations and government in the journey towards India becoming a sustainable economy.
January 17, 2022 by SAP India
Unified Digital Enterprise: How Can Digital Asset Management Aid Better Performance In Industry 4.0?
Blog — Digital Asset Management creates a cohesive transfer of information between departments of an organization, leading to growth and better customer experience.
How Is Digital Transformation Creating A Happy Workforce
Blog — An insight into digital transformation and how it affects the employees and the company.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MAXIM VAN DER MAST
Wind Technician, Atlas Professionals
Maxim van der Mast is a relative newcomer to Atlas Professionals and to his new career as wind technician. "I applied to Atlas in April and a few weeks later I was hired by Enercon! Although I had never considered the industry, I thought it would be cool to work at such heights and on these types of machines. And in summer you're outside, which is great and you don't have a boss peering over your shoulder all the time!
After studying mechanical engineering for four years in the Netherlands, Maxim completed an internship, where he was working on lighting for airfields and helipads. "I didn't think the lighting job was challenging enough for the longer-term but it allowed me to save enough money to travel." Full of wanderlust, Maxim then embarked on a world trip.
He had always wanted to see the world and in October 2016 he set off to Australia, where he was based for 10 months, partly funding his travels by working in a warehouse. South East Asia was next. After a whirlwind tour of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Japan, Maxim laughs: "I had ran out of money so flew back home. But overall it was a wonderful experience."
In January this year he got on with the business of finding a job and at that stage he admits, he didn't really have a preference for a particular industry. The renewables sector was 'not on his radar' but that was about to change.
His father, who is providing services for heavy offshore transport, spotted an advertisement from Atlas Professionals looking for mechanical engineers/technicians for wind turbines. "I applied to Atlas in April and a few weeks later I was hired by Enercon! Although I had never considered the industry, I thought it would be cool to work at such heights and on these types of machines. And in summer you're outside, which is great and you don't have a boss peering over your shoulder all of the time!"
The onshore wind turbines Maxim works on vary between 60 m to 140 m but Maxim was not particularly perturbed by the thought of climbing such heights. "I guess the first time I climbed up it was a little scary. I spent a day working alongside the crew to see how they worked. But then I climbed for the second time and thought it was pretty easy. Because you are inside the turbine, you don't really notice the height. And when you are on top there is the most beautiful view!" Maxim is working in the southwest of the Netherlands, covering a large area with around 150 turbines.
But he adds, that the job might not be for everyone. "You have to be relatively fit and have a lot of energy. It is quite a heavy job, climbing up and down means that you do get exhausted by the end of the day. Coupled with this, sometimes you are working in narrow spaces so you have to get used to that."
SMALL TEAMS
To check his suitability for the job Maxim underwent several courses in the first weeks including working at heights and safety training. And in the next few months he will also attend additional mechanical maintenance courses.
Each day Maxim teams up with his colleague. "We work in a small team. I specialise in mechanical maintenance and then I work with an electrical technician. My job is to check and fix the mechanical parts of the direct-drive turbine, the oil pumps, oil itself, all the rotary parts, the engines and to assist the electrical technician.
"We mostly work with one or two buddies. This is important for safety reasons and also so there is a combination of the mechanical and electrical knowledge." The teams tend to be made up of mostly younger guys, which also makes it fun, he adds.
"I really have been pleasantly surprised by the job and I have very nice colleagues." Atlas too, has been very supportive, he adds, and the whole application and interview process went very smoothly.
GREAT PROSPECTS
He sees great prospects for the future and many opportunities in the renewables sector. "This is really a job that can take you everywhere, not only different places in my home country but also abroad. Perhaps I get back to Australia! And then there is also offshore wind, which is a whole different aspect of the industry.
"There are plenty of opportunities and ways to grow within the company. For example, I could also become an electrical technician, a team leader…The business is booming, it is an exciting time!"
Commenting on whether he would recommend the sector to others, Maxim stresses: "For anyone who doesn't want an everyday, 9 to 5 job, who is self-sufficient and physically fit, I would certainly recommend them to look at possibilities in the wind energy industry."
Do you want to know more about Atlas Professionals and the career opportunities?
Atlas sets about finding the right people for the thriving renewables industry.


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10.4236/eng.2017.91003
Designing a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor with High Transition Frequency for Ultra-Wideband Application
Ramin Nouri-Bayat, Ali Reza Kashani-Nia
Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Received: December 3, 2016; Accepted: January 15, 2017; Published: January 19, 2017
Theoretical calculations predict transition frequencies in the terahertz range for the field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes, and this shows their suitability for being used in high frequency applications. In this paper, we have designed a field-effect transistor based on carbon nanotube with high transition frequency suitable for ultra-wide band applications. We did this by optimizing nanotube diameter, gate insulator thickness and dielectric constant. As a result, we achieved the transition frequency about 7.45 THz. The environment of open source software FETToy is used to simulate the device. Also a suitable model for calculating the transition frequency is presented.
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNTFET), Transition Frequency, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), FETToy
There is a tangible demand in the semiconductor industry for progressively diminution in the dimensions of electronic circuits, and consequent increase in the circuits speed due to RC delay reduction. But as the dimensions of circuits shrink, fabrication processes become more complicated. And silicon-based manufacturing technology encounters problems such as inefficiency of the Dennard's method in design [1] , leakage current increase, arduous impurities control, and more erroneous placement in submicron scale. On account of these, researchers are looking for new methods of manufacturing and modeling and also new materials to fabricate the electronic devices. One of the proposed solutions is using field effect transistors with carbon nanotube as channel material. Carbon nanotubes, due to their extra ordinary properties such as high mobility
carriers (electrons and holes), the symmetry of the valence and conduction band, high electric conductivity, ability to withstand high current density and resistive to electron immigration, one-dimensional conduction (only forward and back scattering), nearly ballistic transport over less than 100 nm lengths, the adjustable energy gap seem to be a good candidate to replace silicon as the channel material [2] [3] .
2.1. Theoretical Framework
Theoretical calculations predict transition frequencies in the terahertz range for the field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes. And this shows their suitability for being used in high frequency applications. It should be noted that measurements from manufactured samples show only a few tens of gigahertz transition frequency. These differences may be result from the relatively ideal model, weakness of the manufacturing process and measurement problems.
Several structures, for geometry of transistors based on carbon nanotubes, are suggested that each has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the interesting structures is transistor with coaxial gate structure. With Coaxial gate structure, more gate control on the channel will be obtained [4] . Here coaxial structure is designed and simulated with FETToy software, appropriate values of various circuit parameters have been investigated to achieve the maximum transition frequency. Then, using the appropriate values of parameters, an optimal transistor, with maximum transition frequency was designed. The transistor designed with FETToy, shows transition frequency of 7.45 THz.
2.2. Modeling and Simulation
Here, FETToy software was used for simulations. FETToy has been created to simulate carbon nanotube transistor with coaxial gate structure. An example of coaxial structure is shown in Figure 1. In this structure, gate wraps all around carbon nanotube which yields high gate control on transistor channel.
Figure 1. Carbon Nanotube transistor with coaxial gate structure.
In FETToy software, carrier transport is considered as ballistic, and circuit model has two capacitors, one is an electrostatic capacitor (C∑), and the other a quantum capacitor (CQ). According to the ballisticity of transistor model, capacitors are in farad per meter. An electrostatic capacitor is composed by a sum of the three capacitors, the gate capacitor (CG), source capacitor (CS) and drain capacitor (CD) that are represented in Figure 2. This figure represents a 2D circuit model for ballistic transistors. The potential at the top of the barrier, Uscf (self- consistent potential), is controlled by the gate, drain, and source potentials through the three capacitors shown. The mobile charge at the top of the barrier is determined by Uscf and by the location of the two Fermi levels. The nonlinear semiconductor (or quantum) capacitance is not shown explicitly but is implicit in the treatment of band filling [5] .
Gate capacitor is a cylindrical capacitor and is calculated from Equation (1.a). Equation (1.b) shows relations between source capacitor, drain capacitor, gate capacitor and electrostatic capacitor in the FETToy model. We present as input to software and CG is calculated regarding the nanotube diameter. The source capacitor and drain capacitor and electrostatic capacitor can be calculated from Equation (1.b). represents the gate control on the transistor channel. Indeed, FETToy software takes the nanotube diameter (d), insulator thickness (t), dielectric constant and effectiveness coefficient of the gate capacitor on the electrostatic capacitor as input. Equation (1.c) shows the quantum capacitance, where is local density of states, is Fermi-func- tion in equilibrium and is Fermi-level [5] .
(1.a)
(1.b)
(1.c)
FETToy software, alone, does not have the ability to calculate the transition frequency. Also, this software performs the calculations for a single point of in-
Figure 2. The 2D circuit model for ballistic transistors [5] .
put parameters. The inputs of this software comprise insulator thickness, dielectric constant, nanotube diameter, device temperature, gate bias and drain bias and the number of the calculation points, the Fermi level of the source, effectiveness coefficient of the gate and drain capacitors on the electrostatic capacitor. To calculate the transition frequency, Equation (2.a) was used. In this equation is transconductance of the transistor, is the effective capacitor of transistor per unit length and L is the channel length of transistor. Effective capacitor was calculated from Equation (2.b) and was calculated from Equation (2.c) [6] . Some changes were applied to software that can perform calculations for more than one point.
2.3. Nanotube Diameter
To evaluate the effect of nanotube diameter on the frequency behavior of the transistor in FETToy model, a transistor with length of 32 nm, insulator thickness of 1.5 nm, dielectric constant of 3.9, the source Fermi level of −0.32 eV and gate effectiveness coefficient of 0.88, at the temperature of 300˚K and at the bias of VGS = 1 V and VDS = 1 V is contemplated. Carbon nanotube diameter swept from 0.4 nm to 3.6 nm and the curves of the energy band gap, capacitors, transconductance and transition frequency have been achieved.
Changing the diameter of carbon nanotubes, affects two parts, one is the energy gap of the nanotube, and the other is electrostatic capacitor of the circuit, in cylindrical gate structure. Band gap of carbon nanotubes is driven by imposing boundary conditions on the graphene equation of the energy-momentum. Equation (3) displays, the approximate value of the energy gap for semiconducting carbon nanotubes, where d is the diameter of the nanotube [2] . From Equation (3) it can be concluded that the energy gap is reversely related to the nanotube diameter, and if the diameter is increasing, then the nanotube energy gap will be decreasing. In FETToy model; the energy gap has been calculated from Equation (3), and chirality has not been considered.
In some geometrical structures of carbon nanotube transistor, changing the diameter of carbon nanotubes may lead to changes in the electrostatic capacitor of the circuit, too. In FETToy model, where gate capacitor is cylindrical in shape, with an increase in the diameter of carbon nanotube the surface area of the gate capacitor will increase. Equation (1.a) shows the formula of the gate capacitor for the cylindrical structure of the gate. In denominator of the Equation (1.a), expression is observed. The value of fraction
decreases with increasing d, thus increasing the amount of d increases CG. In Figure 3, the energy band gap change for carbon nanotubes by
Figure 3. Variation of the energy gap for carbon nanotube by changing its diameter in FETToy model.
diameter in FETToy is displayed. With increasing diameter from 0.4 nm to 3.6 nm, energy gap is reduced from 2.2 eV to 0.25 eV, as expected from Equation (3), and for the metallic cases energy gap is zero [7] . Zero energy gap for metallic carbon nanotubes results from position of their Fermi level [2] .
Figure 4 shows the effect of changing the diameter on the capacitors of the circuit (quantum capacitor (CQ), electrostatic capacitor (C-SIG) and effective capacitor (cgs)), in the FETToy model. In FETToy model, the gate structure is cylindrical, Equation (1.a), indicates the formula for calculating the value of gate capacitor, thereby, increasing the diameter of the circuit, the capacitor surface has increased, and the value of electrostatic capacitor of the circuit, has increased (It should be noted, these results are derived for cylindrical structure, and for the different structures, different results may be achieved). Quantum capacitor, indicating the relationship between the change of channel potential and the carriers density, which decreases with increasing diameter; or in other word, the potential impact on carrier density is reduced, this may mean reduction of gate control on the channel. Effective capacitor, that represents the effects of all the capacitors, is increased; while its increase has lower slope than the curve of the electrostatic capacitor. According to Equation (2.a), increasing the effective capacitor means to lower transition frequency. Figure 5 shows the effect of chang- ing the diameter of the nanotube on the transconductance, in the simulation with FETToy. Diameter increases is associated with increase in transconductance. In this figure the transconductance increases from in diameter 0.4 nm to in diameter 3.6 nm.
Figure 6 shows change of transition frequency, in FETToy model, on the
Figure 4. The effect of changing the diameter on the circuit capacitors (quantum capacitor (CQ), the electrostatic capacitor (C-SIG), the effective capacitor (cgs)) in FETToy model.
Figure 5. The effect of nanotube diameter change on transconductance in simulation with FETToy.
effect of changing the diameter. This graph is calculated for a transistor with a channel length of 32 nm. Results of FETToy Model indicate a maximum for fT in diameter of 2.3 nm, with a value of 2.4 THz respectively. According to the Equa-
Figure 6. Variation in transition frequency duo to variation in the diameter in FETToy model (o).
tion (2.a), for the FETToy, transition frequency depends directly to the transconductance, and inversely proportional to the effective capacitor of the circuit; as Figure 4 and Figure 5 represent, with increase in diameter both have increased. Effective capacitor is increased with a constant rate. However, transconductance at first has greater rate of increases, and then reaches almost saturated value. This justified the increasing rate of the transition frequency before the peak, and then its decrease.
2.4. Insulator Thickness and Dielectric Constant
For evaluating the effect of gate insulator on transistor frequency behavior in FETToy model, a transistor with the length of 32 nm, diameter of 1 nm, the source Fermi level of −0.32 eV, and gate effectiveness coefficient of 0.88, at temperature of 300˚K, and in bias of VGS = 1 V and VDS = 1 V is contemplated. in this simulation, dielectric constant and insulator thickness have been swept from 1 to 40 and from 1 nm to 5.5 nm respectively.
Equation (1.a) shows how to calculate the electrostatic gate capacitors per unit length for a cylindrical gate structure , that which is the vacuum permittivity and is coefficient of the relative permittivity or in the other words is the dielectric constant, and d is the diameter of carbon nanotubes, and t is the insulator thickness, this equation is used in FETToy model. Equation (1.a) shows that the gate dielectric constant and its thickness are effective on electrostatic capacitors of the circuit and are also expected to affect characteristics depend on the electrostatic capacitors.
The graphic on Figure 7 shows the variation of the electrostatic capacitor obtained by changing the gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants in the FETToy model. Increase in the insulator thickness reduces electrostatic capacitors. Figure 8 shows the variation of quantum capacitors according to
Figure 7. Curves of the electrostatic capacitance variations in the terms of gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants in FETToy model.
Figure 8. Curves of the variation of quantum capacitance in the terms of gate insulator thickness for various dielectric constants of FETToy model.
the change of the gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants, in FETToy model; where the quantum capacitors increases with increasing thickness of the insulator, this increase is more for smaller dielectric constants. Figure 9 shows the variation of the effective capacitors, depending on change of thickness of the gate insulator, for different dielectric constants in FETToy model; here the effective capacitors decreases with increasing thickness of the gate. Figure 10 shows the variation of transconductance versus gate insulator thick-
Figure 9. The variation of the effective capacitance depending on the thickness of the gate insulator for different dielectric constants in FETToy model.
Figure 10. The variation of the transconductance in terms of the gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants in FETToy model.
ness change for different dielectric constants in the FETToy model. transconductance decreases with increasing thickness of the insulator. This increase is lesser for smaller dielectric constants. Table 1 shows a summary of these results.
Figure 11 shows the variation graph of frequency of transition depending on change of gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants in FETToy model. It appears from these curves it can be deduced that for every value dielectric constants, there is a value for insulator thickness which the transition frequency becomes maximum. A similar issue can be seen in Figure 12. Figure 12 shows graphs of transition frequency according to changes of dielectric constant for different gate insulator thicknesses in the FETToy model. Each of curves, which are drawn for a given thickness of insulator, becomes maximum in a point of dielectric constant. These peaks in Figure 11 and Figure 12 show the value of 1.18 THz for transition frequency. It is also appears that in these points for greater insulator thicknesses maximum frequency is obtained in greater dielectric constant. Figure 13 shows Color map of transition frequency according
Table 1. Insulator effects on property.
Table shows the effect of the insulation constant and thickness increase on various properties in the FETToy model.
Figure 11. Variation of the transition frequency according to the gate insulator thickness for different dielectric constants in FETToy model.
Figure 12. Variation of transition frequency according to dielectric constant change for different gate insulator thickness in the FETToy model.
Figure 13. Color map of transition frequency according to insulator thickness and coefficient in FETToy model.
to insulator thickness and dielectric constant in FETToy model. In Figure 13, points with more reddish colors show larger transition frequencies. Also some of these points are marked. In this form also it is obvious that maximums for greater insulator thicknesses happen at greater dielectric constants. In other word, we must choose a suitable value for insulator thickness by considering the dielectric constant of gate material that we use, or select a suitable material for gate insulator by considering insulator thickness that we have. A trading off between these two properties is necessary. Table 2 represents to some of these points.
For designing a transistor with high transition frequency was necessary to calculate proper values of circuit parameters. For this purpose, in the simulation, each parameter is swept until the point, where the transition frequency is maximum, can be found [8] , and these points are used in the design. Thus in this order have been tried to design a transistor with maximum transition frequency. FETToy software was used in this work for designing and simulating.
In the FETToy code that has been developed in MATLAB, thickness and dielectric constant of the gate insulator, the nanotube diameter, bias, temperature, source Fermi level and gate effectiveness coefficient parameters are investigable. Each of these parameters has been swept and the appropriate values of them for achieving maximum transition frequency are selected. And a transistor has been designed based on these values. As from Equations (2.a), (2.b) and (2.c), it is clear that for assessing the effect of a parameter on the transition frequency it is appropriate that the effect of that on the transconductance and the capacitors should also be investigated.
The value of source Fermi level has been chosen to be −0.32 eV, that gives a threshold voltage of 0.25 V. In the case of gate effectiveness coefficient, its value can change from 0 to 1. Indeed the higher values of gate effectiveness coefficient show more gate control on channel, but in practice, it may be impossible to achieve the value 1. The value of gate effectiveness coefficient is assumed to be 0.88.
We investigated the effect of various parameters on the transition frequency of transistor. Table 3 summarizes these results. In this table the values of parameters, those are necessary to achieve high-transition frequency, are given, which
Table 2. Points with the maximum transition frequency.
The number of points with the maximum transition frequency in the FETToy model.
Table 3. Result summary.
Summary of results.
Table 4. Comparison of results.
Comparison between performances of several transistors.
proper transistor can be designed using them. If based on the parameter values in Table 3, in FETToy software, a transistor is simulated, the transition frequency of 7.45 THz will be achieved. Table 4 is configured to compare the performance of different transistors. This table displays transition frequency of transistors from several models and manufacturing from different references. What is clear from this table is the large distance between the results from models and measurement. While the theoretical values anticipated transition frequency about terahertz range, in practice, measured values are not above ten gigahertz. This suggests that future challenges are about improving the efficiency of these types of transistors, more relevant to their manufacturing technics than simulating them.
One issue, which should be noted about difference between practical and theoretical results, is that it is possible grow closer together these results with increasing the accuracy of models. For example, in FETToy model carrier scattering effect and the effect of chirality of the nanotubes, metallic nanotubes must be added to model and also model can be developed for array of nanotubes and multi-walled nanotubes. Also, defects in lattice structure, which depends on the manufacturing process are created and can also be added to the model for making results closer to the actual values [10] [11] .
Nouri-Bayat, R. and Kashani-Nia, A.R. (2017) Designing a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor with High Transition Frequency for Ultra- Wideband Application. Engineering, 9, 22- 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2017.91003
1. Dennard, R.H., et al. (1974) Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET's with Very Small Physical Dimensions. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 9, 256-268.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.1974.1050511
2. Guo, J. (2004) Carbon Nanotube Electronics: Modeling, Physics, and Applications. Dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette.
3. Shekhar, S., Stokes, P. and Khondaker, S.I. (2011) Ultrahigh Density Alignment of Carbon Nanotube Arrays by Dielectrophoresis. ACS Nano, 5, 1739-1746.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102305z
4. Guo, J., Lundstrom, M. and Datta. S. (2002) Performance Projections for Ballistic Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. Applied Physics Letters, 80, 3192-3194.
5. Rahman, A., et al. (2003) Theory of Ballistic Nanotransistors. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 50, 1853-1864.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2003.815366
6. Hasan, S., et al. (2006) High-Frequency Performance Projections for Ballistic Carbon-Nanotube Transistors. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5, 14-22.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2005.858594
7. Koswatta, S.O., et al. (2011) Ultimate RF Performance Potential of Carbon Electronics. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 59, 2739-2750.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2011.2150241
8. Schroter, M., et al. (2011) A 4'' Wafer Photostepper-Based Carbon Nanotube FET Technology for RF Applications. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Baltimore, 5-10 June 2011, 1-4.
9. Kocabas, C., et al. (2009) High-Frequency Performance of Submicrometer Transistors That Use Aligned Arrays of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Letters, 9, 1937-1943.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9001074
10. Charlier, J.-C. (2002) Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. Accounts of Chemical Research, 35, 1063-1069.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ar010166k
11. Collins, P.G. (2010) Defects and Disorder in Carbon Nanotubes. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology: Frontiers and Advances. UC Irvine.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45t2b0q4
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text:
TRD Talks
Inside the Newsroom
Former CAA exec David O'Connor lists Brentwood home for $31M
House played host to a fundraising event for Hillary Clinton in 2007
Sep.September 10, 2018 12:00 PM
David O'Connor & Lona Williams with the Brentwood Park home (Credit: Getty Images)
David O'Connor, a former Hollywood executive who relocated to New York three years ago, is looking to shed his real estate holdings in Los Angeles.
The former managing partner at Creative Artists Agency, and his wife, screenwriter Lona Williams, have put their Brentwood Park home, and an undeveloped parcel next door, on the market for $31.4 million, Variety reported.
The couple is selling the house for $18.7 million, and the vacant 0.90-acre parcel next door for $12.7 million, adding up to $31.4 million total.
Located on Highwood Street, the 6,500-square-foot pad has five bedrooms and four bathrooms.
A two-story guesthouse also has another bedroom and one-and-a-half bathrooms, as well as a gym.
Amenities include two laundry rooms, a gym, swimming pool, outdoor fireplace and landscaped backyard.
The couple paid $5.8 million for the main house, guesthouse and three-car garage in 2002. They spent another $10.5 million for the house next door in 2014, later demolishing the existing residence and leaving the plot vacant.
In 2007, O'Connor and Williams hosted a fundraising event for Hillary Clinton at the house.
The couple moved to New York City in 2015, when O'Connor took the job as CEO of Madison Square Garden. They paid $16.25 million for an Upper West Side townhouse, complete with six bedrooms and eight bathrooms. O'Connor resigned from his CEO position last year. [Variety] — Natalie Hoberman
Celebrity Real EstateRe
Label this a bargain–price cut on late designer's estate
"Malibooyah!": Grant Cardone revealed as buyer of Ukrainian tycoon's mansion on Carbon Beach
Ukrainian tycoon finds buyer for Malibu mansion
Calabasas, Malibu among most popular cities in U.S. for cyber surfers
Justin Bieber scribe buys $10.3M home in Windsor Square
Luxury broker Jeff Hyland lists own Topanga estate
Kanye West sticks close to Kim Kardashian with latest buy
Catherina Gores drops $17M on Malibu Colony beach house
7083 Hollywood Blvd, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90028


text:
Home » Utopia for Realists: How We Can Build the Ideal World (Paperback)
Utopia for Realists: How We Can Build the Ideal World (Paperback)
By Rutger Bregman
On our shelves now (while supplies last)
In-Store Pickup (Available 11-7 Every Day)
1 on hand, as of Jan 21 10:18am
Kobo eBook (March 13th, 2017): $9.99
Paperback (Spanish) (June 15th, 2017): $19.95
Hardcover (March 14th, 2017): $28.00
Universal basic income. A 15-hour workweek. Open borders. Does it sound too good to be true? One of Europe's leading young thinkers shows how we can build an ideal world today.
"A more politically radical Malcolm Gladwell." -- New York Times
After working all day at jobs we often dislike, we buy things we don't need. Rutger Bregman, a Dutch historian, reminds us it needn't be this way -- and in some places it isn't. Rutger Bregman's TED Talk about universal basic income seemed impossibly radical when he delivered it in 2014. A quarter of a million views later, the subject of that video is being seriously considered by leading economists and government leaders the world over. It's just one of the many utopian ideas that Bregman proves is possible today.
Utopia for Realists is one of those rare books that takes you by surprise and challenges what you think can happen. From a Canadian city that once completely eradicated poverty, to Richard Nixon's near implementation of a basic income for millions of Americans, Bregman takes us on a journey through history, and beyond the traditional left-right divides, as he champions ideas whose time have come.
Every progressive milestone of civilization -- from the end of slavery to the beginning of democracy -- was once considered a utopian fantasy. Bregman's book, both challenging and bracing, demonstrates that new utopian ideas, like the elimination of poverty and the creation of the fifteen-hour workweek, can become a reality in our lifetime. Being unrealistic and unreasonable can in fact make the impossible inevitable, and it is the only way to build the ideal world.
Rutger Bregman is a journalist at The Correspondent, and one of Europe's most prominent young thinkers. He has published four books on history, philosophy, and economics. His last book, Utopia for Realists, was a New York Times paperback bestseller, and his History of Progress was awarded the Belgian Liberales prize for best nonfiction book of 2013. Bregman has twice been nominated for the European Press Prize.
"A more politically radical Malcolm Gladwell...To the extent that bookish economic historians can rampage, Bregman is on one...He combines a detailed approach to economic policy with a utopian vision of a better future...Bregman argues that it is only by dreaming about what seems to be unachievable that society can make good things possible."—Patrick Kingsley, New York Times
"Both a fun read and a breath of fresh air to anyone who lived through the ghastly experience of last year's presidential election season . . . Utopia for Realists argues, with humor and sympathy, that we've all suffered from forgetting how to dream of a better world....What's so interesting about modern America is our hostility to the mere idea of trying to create an easier and happier life. We're a country that was once rich with social experimentation . . . Now we don't really even try, and mostly just scream at each other on the Internet. That doesn't seem like it will get us there. Maybe free money and a three-hour workday won't, either, but it sure seems like it would be more fun to try."
—Matt Taibbi, Rolling Stone
"Convincing . . . Entertaining and reasoned . . . Bregman's book makes for enjoyable reading, and it is packed with colorful factual asides . . . Utopia for Realists should make for good conversation at the next dinner party."—Benjamin Cunningham, Los Angeles Review of Books
"Provocative and ambitious...The book is lively, well-researched, and full of unlikely pieces of history."—Tim Harford , Financial Times
"Utopia for Realists is fantastic. A quick glance turned into hours of riveting reading. Very seldom does a book change the way you think about some of most intractable problems of society, and of life. This one did. Read this book."—Sydney Finkelstein, director of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College and author of Superbosses: How Exceptional Leaders Master the Flow of Talent
"If you're bored with hackneyed debates and decades-old right-wing and left-wing clichés, you may enjoy the bold thinking, fresh ideas, lively prose, and evidence-based arguments in Utopia for Realists."
—Steven Pinker, New York Times bestselling author of The Blank Slate and The Better Angels of Our Nature
"Bregman speaks with impressive authority . . . His solutions are quite simple and staunchly set against current trends . . . He has assembled a wealth of empirical evidence to make his case. Better than that, though, Utopia for Realists is not a dry, statistical analysis-although he doesn't shy from solid data-but a book written with verve, wit, and imagination. The effect is charmingly persuasive, even when you can't quite believe what you're reading . . . Listen out for Rutger Bregman. He has a big future shaping the future."—Andrew Anthony, The Guardian UK
"Rutger Bregman is part of a new generation of thinkers who are suggesting exciting alternatives to the orthodoxies of the last forty years. In this surprising, accessible, and often counterintuitive book, Bregman explores some brilliant but simple ideas for making a better world."—Brian Eno
"A spirited and practical manifesto for improving the odds of making a heaven on Earth."
"[Bregman] engagingly examines basic income schemes... entertaining and intriguing.... These are appealing notions, presented here in a breezy, TED talk-like style."
"This book is brilliant. Everyone should read it. Bregman shows us we've been looking at the world inside out. Turned right way out, we suddenly see fundamentally new ways forward. If we can get enough people to read this book, the world will start to become a better place."
—Richard Wilkinson, author of The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger
"Learning from history and from up-to-date social science can shatter crippling illusions. It can turn allegedly utopian proposals into plain common sense. It can enable us to face the future with unprecedented enthusiasm. To see how, read this superbly written, upbeat, insightful book."
—Philippe van Parijs, co-founder of the Basic Income Earth Network
"This is a Read Now book. Nothing dystopian about this
one: a young (he's 29), practical set of ideas for how the next generation can
do better."—Jeanette Winterson, author of Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit
"An important book, a wonderfully readable breath of fresh air, a window thrown open to a better future. As politicians and economists are asking how to increase productivity, ensure full employment, and downsize government, Bregman asks: What actually makes life worth living and how can we get there? He combines deep research with wit, challenging us to think anew about how we want to live and who we want to be. Required reading."
—Philipp Blom, author of The Vertigo Years and A Wicked Company
''It's a wonderful,
well-written book, easily the crispest and least dry explanation of the
research and history behind basic income as an idea I've seen in print."—Dylan Matthews, Vox
Publisher: Back Bay Books
Business & Economics / Economic Conditions
Business & Economics / Economic History
Political Science / History & Theory


Listening to your customer can clearly pay off. There is perhaps no better example than the case of Equinor. Back in 2017, when Equinor was still known as Statoil, president and chief executive Eldar Sætre wrote to shareholders outlining how the company used the downturn to transform itself, realising significant annual efficiencies and all-time high oil production. At a time when the average price of Brent crude was US$54 per barrel, Statoil had taken down the break-even price of its next generation portfolio by more than 20% during the year to US$21 per barrel.
Mr Sætre wrote that even with oil prices recovering, the company planned to remain focused on reducing drilling costs further and sustaining the 2017 unit of production costs in 2020. It also broadened its energy portfolio with offshore wind investments.
Today, Equinor has ambitions to cut annual CO2 emissions from its logistical operations on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) by 50% by 2030.
Since 2011, Equinor has cut its total annual carbon emissions from logistical operations – including helicopters and vessels used for supply, emergency response, rig moves and storage – by 37% overall, from 465,000 to 292,000 tonnes, or when adjusted for reduced activity, by 26%.
Equinor has also introduced requirements in its long-term contracts stating that vessels must be fitted with hybrid battery systems and shore power connections. Now when Equinor enters into new contracts, emissions and energy efficiency are evaluated, and ships with technology for reducing consumption are prioritised.
"There's a long list of things that have contributed to a significant reduction in fuel consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide," said Equinor's vice president of logistics and emergency response Frida Eklöf Monstad. "Battery operation and power from shore have also been very effective in reducing emissions, and ships that exploit these opportunities are therefore prioritised when contracts are awarded," said Ms Monstad.
On an average day, Equinor could have between 40 and 50 ships at work on the NCS. Ms Monstad knows that supply vessels, anchor handling vessels and standby vessels account for some 85% of the CO2 emissions from Equinor's logistical operations.
When they won long-term contracts back in 2017, DOF, Havila, Skanski Offshore, Solstad Farstad and Ugland all committed to having battery hybrid power and shore-power systems installed on their vessels.
One of the pioneers in the market was Eidesvik, owner of the Viking Energy, the first dual-fuel OSV powered by LNG and later fitted with a battery. In 2017, Eidesvik completed the installation of a hybrid energy system on board Viking Princess. Following the refit, the Viking Princess was able to use batteries to reduce the number of generators aboard the ship. The new energy storage solution improved engine efficiency, increased fuel savings and reduced GHG emissions.
Commitments to hybrid battery power by these forward-thinking OSV owners is paying off for the environment and their bottom lines. Others outside the Norwegian Continental Shelf are already following suit, but we'll talk about those another day.
The annual Offshore Support Journal Conference, Awards & Exhibition in London 6-7 February 2019 will explore growth opportunities in an unpredictable market. Book your place now.


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Home / Conservation / IUCN congress to set path for nature conservation
IUCN congress to set path for nature conservation
August 29, 2016	Comments Off on IUCN congress to set path for nature conservation 902 Views
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress – believed to be the world's largest and most inclusive environmental decision-making forum – will meet in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi from 1 to 10 September 2016 to define the global path for nature conservation for the years to come.
Hawaii, the 50th and most recent state of the United States of America, is hosting the IUCN's World Conservation Congress 2016 in September 1 to 10
Over 8,300 delegates from 184 countries, including Heads of State and other high-level government officials from various organisations, are expected to attend the IUCN Congress.
The forum will be held under the theme "Planet at the crossroads", emphasising that nature conservation and human progress are not a zero-sum game, and that credible and accessible choices exist that can promote general welfare while supporting and enhancing our planet's natural assets.
ALSO READ: Invisible plastic particles a major source of ocean pollution – Study
This will be the first time the IUCN Congress will be hosted by the United States, home to over 100 IUCN member organisations.
Key issues that will be discussed at the event include wildlife trafficking, ocean conservation, nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and private investment in conservation.
At the Congress, IUCN's 1,300 member organisations – some of the most influential government and civil society organisations from more than 160 countries – will collectively decide on actions to address the most pressing and often controversial conservation and sustainable development challenges.
Around 100 motions are expected to be adopted by the global environmental parliament of governments and NGOs, which will then become IUCN Resolutions or Recommendations calling third parties to take action.
ALSO READ: Why monkeys with smaller testicles scream louder, by study
Some of the motions to be voted on at the IUCN Congress were listed to include:
Advancing conservation of biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Mitigating the impacts of oil palm expansion on biodiversity
Call for closure of domestic markets to all ivory sales
Call for end of use of lead in ammunition
Protection of primary forests, ancient forests and intact forest landscapes
Protected areas and other areas important for biodiversity in relation to environmentally damaging industrial-scale activities and infrastructure development
IUCN nature conservation World Conservation Congress	2016-08-29
Tagged with: IUCN nature conservation World Conservation Congress
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Group collaborates with Ondo on forest restoration
GEF Council moves to boost nature protection amid pandemic
Jaguar trafficking to China surges in South America, says report
NCF calls for concerted effort to preserve environment
The Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) on Wednesday, September 30, 2020 called for a concerted effort ...


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The 21 Greatest Quotes From Lindsay Lohan's New Reality Show 'Lindsay'
By Rachel Hodin, April 16th 2014
Oprah's new reality show 'Lindsay' is fascinating. Scratch that — Lindsay is fascinating. She packs and unpacks. She pulls mannequins out of boxes without a clue as to how it got there. She gets angry and she gets frustrated too. Below I've compiled some of the best lines yet from 'Lindsay.' Unless specified otherwise, these words were spoken straight form Lindsay's mouth. And, as you might expect, they're prolific.
OWN TV / youtube.com
1. Oh my god, mom, it's a built-in wedge.
2. At the morgue, I didn't feel I was giving as much back to society as I would've liked to.
3. I think, um, I'm a very spiritual person and I've become more spiritual as time has gone on.
4. I'm learning how to deal with life in a different light than I have before and in a different way than I have before.
5. I forget, like, there's all these people…sometimes.
6. Lindsay's life coach: it's amazing how, when you realize what brings you a sense of normalcy, you can create it in any environment. I mean, a fragrant candle? Amongst all this craziness? Can make all the difference in the world.
7. It takes so little to do so much.
8. See now you're getting me angry.
9. I, somewhere inside, knew and sort of wanted to go to jail…just to find some peace.
10. To other people, these are just a lot of clothes, but to me, these are things I've worked really hard for, and they actually happen to be really expensive.
11. To her assistant, Matt: Not to be nasty, but this is a role reversal right now, I feel like I'm working for you and I have to give you the time that you need, and I should be getting the paycheck.
12. I'm not mad…you'd know if I was mad.
13. Now I'm in a place where I really do need to be in a place that I can call my sanctuary.
14. I'm really in touch with – whether it's prayer, or meditation…
15. I've lived so many lives in one lifetime.
16. I've always known things about myself.
17. What, am I just going to edit my life?
18. I really want to be on set, like that feeds me.
19. If I could list all the shoots I could get credit for as a co-stylist, then, I mean, it would be a full novel.
20. There are so many powers greater than me in the world and I've been blessed and lucky enough to be given a gift to share with other people.
21. I really haven't done [cocaine] more than 10 or 15 times. I've done it like 10 or 15 times.
20 Somethings Addict Addiction Alcohol Alcoholic Apartment Attention Beauty Cameras Career Celebrity Creepy Culture & Art Going Out Health & Wellness Hotel Inspirational Limelight Lindasy Lindsay Lohan Love & Sex media New York City News Oprah Oprah Winfrey Own TV Paparazzi Parenting Quotes Recovery Rehab The Digital Age The Internet Travel TV Writing & Expression
Lindsay Lohan's Path To Recovery Is Paved With Lies
Why We Still Care About Lindsay Lohan
A Review Of Lindsay Lohan's Instagram Account
I Survived A Pentecostal Hell House
Why Are We Still Talking About Lindsay Lohan?


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module Caplinked
  module REST
    module Watermarks

      def create_watermark(options = {})
        body = options.stringify_keys.slice(
          'team_id',
          'custom_text',
          'color',
          'opacity',
          'font_size',
          'rotation',
          'hposition',
          'vposition',
          'display_user_name',
          'display_user_email',
          'display_ip_address',
          'display_time',
          'display_workspace_name'
        )
        perform_post('/api/v1/watermark', {}, body.to_json, {'Content-Type' => 'application/json'} )
      end

      def get_watermark(options = {})
        params = options.stringify_keys.slice('id')
        id = params.delete('id')
        perform_get('/api/v1/watermark/' + id.to_s, nil)
      end

      def update_watermark(options = {})
        body = options.stringify_keys.slice(
          'id',
          'custom_text',
          'color',
          'opacity',
          'font_size',
          'rotation',
          'hposition',
          'vposition',
          'display_user_name',
          'display_user_email',
          'display_ip_address',
          'display_time',
          'display_workspace_name'
        )
        id = body.delete('id')
        perform_put('/api/v1/watermark/' + id.to_s, {}, body.to_json, { 'Content-Type' => 'application/json' } )
      end

      def delete_watermark(options = {})
        body = options.stringify_keys.slice('id')
        id = body.delete('id')
        perform_delete('/api/v1/watermark/' + id.to_s, {}, body.to_json, { 'Content-Type' => 'application/json' } )
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cataract Falls ist der Name folgender Wasserfälle in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Cataract Falls (Indiana), Wasserfall im Owen County, Indiana
 Cataract Falls (Kalifornien), Wasserfall im Marin County, Kalifornien
 Cataract Falls (Montana), Wasserfall im Lewis and Clark County, Montana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Armenia in Austria | Armenians in Vienna | Bilateral Relations
Austria and Armenia - Read the latest headlines about bilateral relations in the areas of economy, business, investment, diplomacy, culture and tourism
Omicron Coming: New Entry Rules for Austria since December 20.
With immediate effect and thus before Christmas, new stricter entry rules apply for travel to Austria. This applies to both foreigners and locals. Please find the details as follows.
Nehammer on First Trip to Brussels as Chancellor: "I'm an Ardent European"
Chancellor Nehammer made his first trip to Brussels for the European Council and the EU Eastern Partnership Summit. There he met with the other heads of state and government of the EU member states, as well as EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Read what Nehammer discussed on the trip.
Austrian Foreign Ministry: New Appointments to 28 Senior Diplomatic Posts Worldwide
The Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten) has decided in its last meeting of the Council of Ministers the new appointments of several (28) Austrian diplomats - as follows.
List of National Days of the Home Countries of All Foreign Missions and Delegations in Vienna, Austria
The Vindobona table below is an updated list of National Days of all nations, which belong to at least one of following categories: Foreign Missions and Delegations in Vienna, Austria; Diplomatic Corps and other representations in Austria; International Organizations in Vienna and Permanent Missions; Missions and Delegations to the OSCE.
February 11, 2015 · Updated: December 11, 2021; 08:12
OSCE Summit in Stockholm: Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov Meets Austria's Linhart
Amid growing tensions between Russia and Ukraine, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov is meeting with Foreign Minister Linhart at the annual Ministerial Council of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Stockholm, Sweden. Read about their meeting as well as Linhart's agenda for the summit.
Opening of the IAEA Board of Governors Meeting 2021 in Vienna
The IAEA Board of Governors met physically this week under the chairmanship of Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi in the Plenary Hall of the M-Building at the Vienna International Centre (VIC), and discussed the topics listed below.
What Is the Joint Vienna Institute and What Does It Do?
The Joint Vienna Institute (JVI) is a Vienna based International Organization which provides policy-oriented training primarily to public sector officials from countries in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, and other selected countries. It has been a hallmark of cooperation between the IMF and Austria for 29 years. Find out how the institute justifies its existence.
Covid-19 in Austria: These Are the Updated Entry Rules
Due to today's amendment of the Austrian "COVID-19 Entry Regulation 2021", we bring you an update on the regulations for entering Austria.
On Behalf of EU: Lithuanian, Romanian and Austrian Foreign Ministers Travel to South Caucasus
The Foreign Ministers from Lithuania, Romania and Austria have visited the South Caucasus countries Azerbaija, Armenia and Georgia on behalf of EU External Relations Commissioner Josep Borrell. Read everything about the details of the trip below.
Embassies in Vienna Celebrate End of World War II
76 years ago on May 8, World War II ended in Europe. Despite Covid restrictions, selected Viennese embassies held commemorative events.
Youth, Peace, and Security: Preventive Diplomacy Ambassadors Practice Conflict Prevention Strategy
Preventive Diplomacy Academy graduates from UNRCCA (UN Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia), Young Turkmen SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) Ambassadors and CTBTO Youth Group representatives had a great opportunity to express their views and ideas.
New Year's Reception for Vienna's Diplomatic Corps
Alexander Van Der Bellen and Pedro Lopez Quintana, the doyen of the diplomatic corps, delivered a video address on the occasion of the New Year 2021 to all diplomats accredited in Austria and to the international community in general. Read the most important excerpts from the Austrian President's speech below.
EUR 2.4 Million for Covid-19 Vaccine in Developing Countries
In the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic, Austria will be supporting the distribution of Covid-19 vaccines in a total of 92 developing countries. Foreign Minister Schallenberg warns that the crisis has underlined the "inequalities and fragilities within the community of states" and therefore demands an international approach regarding Covid-19 vaccination.
Lavrov and Schallenberg: Support for Nagorno-Karabakh
In a telephone call, Lavrov and Schallenberg, the Foreign Ministers of the Russian Federation and Austria, respectively, have assured their countries' support for the people in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The Austrian government has, furthermore, decided to make funds from the Foreign Disaster Fund available.
Charitable Actions of Austrian Embassies All Over the World
Austrian Embassies all over the world made an effort to celebrate the national holiday accordingly by supporting local charities and people who need it most. From Tel Aviv to Buenos Aires and from Washington to Zagreb, many embassies organized different types of aid projects for locals.
IPU World Conference: National Council President Sobotka Highlights Importance of International Cooperation
The 5th IPU World Conference of Speakers of Parliament, originally planned on being conducted in Vienna, was held virtually from August 19 to August 20. Austrian National Council President Sobotka as well as the majority of the representatives underlined the importance of international cooperation.
75th Anniversary of the Opening of the Liberation Monument at Schwarzenbergplatz: Austrian and CIS Officials Hold Ceremony
75 years after the unveiling of the Liberation Monument, Austrian President of the National Council Wolfgang Sobotka and Ambassadors of CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries commemorated once again the Soviet soldiers killed during World War II.
Austrian Officials Open 13th IPU Summit of Women Speakers of Parliament
The 13th IPU Summit is held virtually and will cover important topics dealing with countless inequalities women face today. The organization of the event is a common effort between the Austrian Parliament and the United Nations.
Austria Lifts Landing Bans for Airplanes from All 18 Countries that were Previously Banned
The previous landing bans for aircraft from 18 countries expired on 1 August 2020. From now on, new entry regulations will apply, requiring a mandatory Covid 19 test. There are exceptions for diplomats and some other groups.
New IOM Regional Director Renate Held Presents Credentials at UN Vienna
The new Permanent Representative of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to the United Nations, Renate Held, presented her credentials to the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Vienna. The IOM has offices in 19 countries and territories in the "South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region" (SEEECA) including sub-regional offices in Central Asia and the Western Balkans.
Coronavirus Worldwide Update
Worldwide deaths has exceed 610,000, according to data collected by the ECDC Centre in Sweden. More than 14.7 million people have been infected, while some 8.6 million have recovered. According to the WHO World Health Organisation, the epicentre of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is still the USA, where there are already more than 140,000 deaths. The number of infected and dead continues to rise sharply in most countries. Following is the situation update as of July 22, 2020.
COVID-19: Risk Assessment on Travel and Visits to Austria
The coronavirus outbreak has now reached Austria and the disease is spreading further. What is the risk of infection when travelling in and to Austria?
Reception of Austria-Accredited Ambassadors in the Federal Chancellery
The new Austrian Federal Government is in favour of continuing multilateral cooperation, especially in cooperation with the European countries.
Traditional New Year Reception for the Diplomatic Corps in Vienna
The Federal President's Reception for the Diplomatic Corps annually gathers all diplomatic representatives in Vienna in the Ceremonial Hall of the Hofburg.
Updated Directory of Foreign Ambassadors in Austria 2019
Below you will find the updated Vindobona.org list of foreign ambassadors and representatives of the bilateral and multilateral missions and representations in Vienna, Austria (including description of persons, pictures, CVs, etc.).
November 19, 2018 · Updated: July 19, 2019; 11:50
40 Years of the UN in Vienna - The Tireless Commitment of António Guterres
UN Secretary General António Guterres completed a busy programme when he came to Vienna for the 40th anniversary celebrations and the R20 Austria World Summit. The VIC Vienna International Centre is the place where, with the help of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the 193 member states, 15 Vienna-based UN organisations and more than 5000 people from 125 countries from around the world are bound together.
Austria Welcomes 6 New Ambassadors from Armenia, Mali, Namibia, North Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago and Turkey
On March 19, 2019, Austrian Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen welcomed six newly accredited Ambassadors to Austria to the Presidential Chancellery of the Vienna Imperial Palace for the presentation of their letters of accreditation.
March 20, 2019 · Updated: April 8, 2019; 12:00
Leaders Discuss Azerbaijani-Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict in Vienna
The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan met in Vienna for the first time under the auspices of the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group to discuss the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The two heads of state also met with Austrian President Van der Bellen and Austrian Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz.
Meet the New Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to Austria: H.E. Mr. Armen Papikyan
The new Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to Austria, H.E. Mr. Armen Papikyan presented Austrian Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen with his letter of accreditation at the Vienna Hofburg.
New Austrian Foreign Trade Strategy: Growth, Jobs, Prosperity
In a joint event in the Aula of Sciences, the Federal Government's new foreign trade strategy was presented by Economics Minister Margarete Schramböck, Foreign Minister Karin Kneissl and President of the Chamber of Commerce Harald Mahrer. The key points of the strategy are the following: Perspective, value orientation, location effect, focal points, future orientation, communication, efficient coordination.
Eastern Partnership Youth Conference "Youth for Entrepreneurship" Opened in Vienna
Young people (between 18-30 years) from the EU's Eastern Partnership countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), interested in developing an entrepreneurial idea or social enterprise, are discussing in Vienna the state of youth entrepreneurship in the partner countries and learn about EU and national programmes for youth entrepreneurship as well as what steps to take to become a young entrepreneur.
Eurasian Economic Union vs. European Union - Perspectives and Limits
At Lansky, Ganzger + Partner, at the meeting room of the Austrian-Kazakh Society (ÖKG - Österreichisch-Kasachische Gesellschaft), a number of prominent participants met for a panel discussion to explore the relationship between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, EEU), to which Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia belong, and the European Union (EU) entitled "The Eurasian Economic Union and the EU - Perspectives and Limits of a Partnership". The conference was hosted by the Research Centre for Eurasian Studies (EURAS), the Austrian-Kazakh Society (ÖKG - Österreichisch-Kasachische Gesellschaft) and the Austrian-Belarusian Society (ÖWG - Österreichisch-Weißrussische Gesellschaft).
Vienna Contemporary - Where Eastern and Western Art Meet
From 27 to 30 September 2018, viennacontemporary will gather 118 galleries and institutions from 27 countries under the roof of the historic Marx Halle in Vienna. As the only art fair that unites East and West in carefully curated exhibitions, the event stands out as a place of exciting new discoveries.
The OSCE in 2030: Undivided Security in Europe Now More at Risk Than 10 Years Ago
In the Austrian National Defence Academy, the security issue "The OSCE in 2030: Undivided Security in Europe restored?" was discussed in the form of a public panel discussion. At the invitation of the International Institute for Peace (IIP), the Karl-Renner-Institut, the Scientific Cluster for Polemology and Legal Ethics, the FES Regional Office for Cooperation and Peace in Europe (ROCPE), the Austrian National Defence Academy and the ISP Institute for Security Policy, Hannes Swoboda as moderator and the panelists Thomas Greminger, Fyodor Lukyanov, Stephanie Liechtenstein, Alena Kupchyna discussed the hoped-for security policy development of Europe and the OSCE.
20 Years Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT): Ministerial Meeting at VIC
Marking the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), a Ministerial Meeting was held at Vienna International Center. Hosting some 40 international organizations, Austria is a hub for the promotion of peace, safety and security, sustainable development and the fight against crime, drug abuse and terrorism.
State Visits from Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in Context of Austria's OSCE Chairmanship in 2017
Michael Linhart met Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Turkmenistan Rashid Meredov and Deputy Foreign Minister of Azerbaijan Araz Azimov in Vienna. "Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are important partners for Austria in the context of its OSCE Chairmanship in 2017"
US Company Contour Moves European Headquarters from Paris to Vienna
The Vienna-based European headquarters will be the strategic centre for all thermal and renewable energy facilities in Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Armenia, Spain, Northern Ireland and Ukraine.
Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Council of Ministers Places 27 New Diplomats at Head of Embassies
The Council of Ministers of the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has decided to place 27 new Austrian diplomats at head of Austrian Embassies worldwide.
How Can Exporters Benefit from the "Go-International Initiative" of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce?
Even in a challenging global economic environment, exports remain the driving force behind the Austrian economy. The go-international initiative of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce encourages companies to step across the border by offering advisory services, events and support, as well as making it easier for existing exporters to enter additional foreign markets.
Quality of Living Rankings: Vienna Tops the List Again
Vienna remaines at the top of the 2015 Quality of Living Rankings, boasting the best quality of living for expatriates. In the top 5 there are two other European cities, Zurich (place 2) and Munich (place 4). Also Auckland (3rd) and Vancouver (5th) are among the top five cities.
Global Peace Index: Austria is Third Most Peaceful Country
The latest Global Peace Index analyses the state of peace around the world. It identifies the most and least peaceful countries, trends in violence and conflict, and calculates the economic impact of violence. The top three most peaceful countries are Iceland, Denmark and Austria. Small and stable democracies make up the top ten most peaceful countries. New Zealand, Canada and Japan are the only non-European countries in the top ten.
Austria is Celebrating 60 Years of United Nations Membership in 2015
Austria became a member of the United Nations in 1955 and is celebrating 60 years of UN membership in 2015. 70 years ago, the United Nations were founded in San Francisco.
Cost of Living Rankings: CEE Capitals Cheaper, Vienna is 32nd Most Expensive City
The Mercer's 2014 Cost of Living Rankings have been published and cover 211 cities across five continents. While Western European cities have all risen in the rankings mainly due to the strengthening of the Euro against the US dollar, most cities in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), however have fallen in the ranking as a result of local currencies depreciating against the US dollar. Bratislava (#84), Prague (#92), Kiev (#98), Ljubljana (#116), Zagreb (#120), Budapest (#135), Warsaw (#142), Belgrade (#184).
Austria´s Fischer Absolved State Visit in Armenia
The Austrian President Heinz Fischer met his Armenian counterpart Serzh Sargsyan. Both heads of states agreen on deepening economic and cultural relations.
VIG Has "No Problems in Hungary"
"We are an insurance group and not a bank.", said the management of Vienna Insurance Group. Nevertheless, the developments are observed thoroughly.
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CHIPS Articles: NIWC Atlantic Leader Named Women in Defense Palmetto Chapter's Female Executive of the Year
By Michaela Judge, NIWC Atlantic Public Affairs - April 15, 2019
CHARLESTON, S.C. -- A Naval Information Warfare Center (NIWC) Atlantic leader recently received recognition as the 2019 Women in Defense Palmetto Chapter's "Female Executive of the Year" during a ceremony in Charleston, S.C.
Kathryn Murphy, Senior Scientific Technical Manager for software engineering, earned accolades at the event for her work at NIWC Atlantic and her impact to the Navy, greater Department of Defense community and the warfighter.
"We are extremely proud of Kathryn and her recognition as Female Executive of the Year," said Chris Miller, NIWC Atlantic executive director. "Kathryn embodies the guiding principles of our command. She champions service, fosters teamwork across the organization and beyond and empowers the workforce. We are grateful for her contributions to our team, as well as the incredible impact she is making to the warfighter."
This year's "Salute to the Fighting Ladies" ceremony marked WID Palmetto Chapter's 9th annual event and honored military and civilian women for their contributions in the areas of national security, education, volunteerism and leadership.
"I am absolutely honored to be recognized by Women in Defense's Palmetto Chapter," said Murphy. "WID is an arm of the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA), and the local chapter is comprised of some the most influential and productive people in the Charleston Defense industry. To be recognized by such an outstanding group is really a special achievement for me, and a highlight in my career."
This award, Miller said, is one of many avenues demonstrating NIWC Atlantic's active efforts to develop and retain and highly credentialed workforce dedicated to tackling information warfare solutions for the warfighter.
In her position at NIWC Atlantic, Murphy is responsible for all aspects of software and computer engineering, as well as providing solutions for the Navy, Marine Corps, DoD and other federal customers. Under her leadership, she directs a large, geographically dispersed organization of software developers, software sustainers, software process professionals, software architects and data management experts.
"Our work spans both tactical and business applications and systems for the Navy, Marine Corps and Federal Sector," said Murphy. "The systems our folks support have a direct impact on fleet readiness, from both a material and personnel aspect. Their work ensures our sailors get paid, aviation platforms are maintained and decision makers have the information they need when they need it."
Murphy, a graduate from the University of Virginia, has more than 28 years of extensive management and technical experience in government and private industry positions, including 23 years at NIWC Atlantic and its predecessor activities.
The WID Palmetto Chapter, founded in 2009, serves to provide networking and professional development opportunities in order to promote the role of women in national defense and security, as well as support military members and encourage partnerships across the federal agencies in the South Carolina region.
As a part of Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, NIWC Atlantic provides systems engineering and acquisition to deliver information warfare capabilities to the naval, joint and national warfighter through the acquisition, development, integration, production, test, deployment, and sustainment of interoperable C4ISR, cyber and information technology capabilities.
Naval Information Warfare Center Atlantic: http://www.public.navy.mil/spawar/Atlantic/Pages/Home.aspx
SPAWAR Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/spaceandnavalwarfaresystemscommand
Twitter: https://twitter.com/SPAWARHQ
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/spawarhq
Charleston, S.C. (April 02, 2019) Kathryn Murphy, Senior Scientific Technical Manager for software engineering at Naval Information Warfare Center Atlantic was recently named the 2019 Women in Defense (WID) Palmetto Chapter's "Female Executive of the Year" during a ceremony at Founder's Hall at Charles Towne Landing, South Carolina. Murphy is pictured here speaking at the 50th Small Business Industry Outreach Initiative hosted by the Charleston Defense Contractor's Association April 2, 2019. U.S. Navy photo by Joe Bullinger/Released
DoD Secure Cloud Computing Architecture Functional Requirements V2.9


Barrington Stage Company is a professional non profit 501(c)(3) regional theatre serving an annual audience of more than 58,500 and producing plays, musicals and cabarets in four venues: our Boyd-Quinson Mainstage, St. Germain Stage, Mr. Finn's Cabaret, and Youth Theatre at Berkshire Museum.
Based in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in the central Berkshires, our theatre has become an integral part of downtown Pittsfield's economic revitalization, offering year-round productions, playwriting workshops, special events, and educational programs for youth. To learn more about our mission and work, click here.
Ticket sales cover just 50% of our operating expenses. Contributions from donors provide vital support for our Boyd-Quinson Mainstage, our smaller St. Germain Stage where most of our new work is developed, and our Playwright Mentoring Project, our award-winning program for youth at-risk. Whether big or small, every gift helps. If you like what we do, please consider becoming an Annual Member at Barrington Stage, attending a special event or volunteering your time.
Here are the many ways that you can play a role!
Ways You Can Give Barrington Stage accepts contributions by mail, phone or online.
Gifts of Stock: A transfer of stock may be made directly to BSC's broker at Wachovia Services, Pittsfield, MA. We kindly ask that you notify BSC of your gift so that we may acknowledge it appropriately and ensure the correct transfer of funds.
Grants: Grants from local and national foundations play an important role in the work of BSC by providing valuable general operating support, as well as providing vital support for existing and new programs.
Matching Gifts: Your company may match your contribution. Ask your human resources department whether or not they match charitable gifts, and double the impact of your gift.
Bequest: A charitable bequest helps to secure the longterm future, sustainability and success of Barrington Stage.
For more information, please contact the Development Department at 413-997-6110 or Development@BarringtonStageCo.org.
Special Events: BSC's special events are a key part of our fundraising efforts. Click here to learn more about our Special Events & Benefits.
Education Scholarship Fund: BSC provides scholarships to students-in-need to attend BSC's KidsAct! program. $500 sends a child to camp for three weeks, and gives him/her an opportunity to learn collaborative skills as well as acting, movement, dance, stage combat and voice. If you have any questions or would like to make a donation by phone, please contact the Development Department at 413-997-6110 or Development@BarringtonStageCo.org.
Shop and Support BSC: We love to shop in our local community and encourage you to do so as well. If you find yourself shopping online, please consider shopping through the Amazon Smile program. For eligible purchases, the AmazonSmile Foundation will donate 0.5% of the purchase price to Barrington Stage.