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To provide lifetime refuge for abused and neglected "Big Cats" with emphasis on tigers, lions, leopards, and cougars.
Through public education we work to end the Exotic Animal Trade, making sanctuaries like Turpentine Creek no longer necessary; together, we can preserve and protect these magnificent predators in the wild for our children's future.
Cornerstone Statements:
OUR COMMITMENT: EDUCATION, PRESERVATION, AND COMPASSION.
Education: TCWR is evolving how we educate today's youth, in classroom visits and onsite programming, through Interpretive Learning: We teach how wildlife, ecosystems, and humans are interdependent, and why sustainable behavior matters; the devastation the Exotic Animal Trade inflicts on both captive and endangered wild species; how people can effect positive change with small actions and advocacy to preserve these animals in the wild, and in doing so, help save our planet for future generations.
Preservation: Turpentine Creek is a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) licensed facility for exotic and native wildlife, accredited by the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries (GFAS) and a member of the Big Cat Sanctuary Alliance (BSCA), Tigers in America, and the American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK). We rescue survivors of the Exotic Animal Trade with a focus on big cats and bear, providing them a safe lifelong home with exceptional diets and proper care, while working to preserve endangered species in the wild through public education and advocacy.
Compassion: We believe big cats are predators, not pets or entertainment for the masses. They and other exotic and native wildlife deserve to live out their lives with dignity, allowed to be the wild animals they instinctually are. We will continue to be their voice, both for those forced to live in captivity and those struggling for survival in the wild.
Why TCWR was Formed
It was 1978 in Hughes Springs, Texas when Don, Hilda, and Tanya Jackson rescued their first big cat. Don, who was known around town for his experience with animals was called earnestly by a friend dealing with a very big problem –a problem named, Bum.
Bum, a rapidly growing 8-month-old lion cub, was living chained to the man's sweetgum tree. According to Don's friend, Bum had been abandoned in the parking lot of a hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas by someone who owed him money for a car. With the person gone, the car gone, and the money owed nowhere to be seen, he opted to bring the lion cub home instead. Unfortunately, he soon realized that he could not care for the animal, and was thoroughly relieved when the Jackson family offered to take the young lion in.
At the time Tanya Jackson Smith, the current president and founder of Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge, was only 11 years old. She describes the experience as being a crazy one, and full of excitement.
In 1982, the Jackson family would then rescue another lion named Sheila. Taking care of the two lions in their backyard was no simple task. Male lions can weigh up to 420 pounds and eat an estimated 10-25 lbs of meat a day. With growing lions, a backyard could only offer so much space for them to run and participate in enrichment activities safely. Fortunately, for the Jacksons, their luck would begin to change with a surprise visitor that would not only lead to the solution to their space issue but would also lead to a world of responsibility falling onto their shoulders.
In December of 1991, 9 years after taking in lion Sheila and 13 years after Bum, a notorious breeder and black market dealer showed up on the Jackson's doorstep. Catherine Gordon Twiss, who had once been described as red-haired, spitfire of a woman, was on the run from law enforcement with 42 big cats crammed into three cattle trailers. Knowing she would not get far with such a heavy load, Twiss was desperate to find a place for the cats.
Overnight the Jacksons became responsible for rescuing and moving the 42 big cats, including Bum and Sheila, to a 460-acre ranch located just south of the picturesque mountain village, Eureka Springs, Arkansas. The ranch was owned at that time by a friend of the Jacksons' who had offered it to be used as a temporary refuge. Over the next year, the ranch would begin to evolve into what is now Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge. Twiss would end up moving all of her 70 cats and the 30 horses that she had picked up from around the country and brought them to the Refuge.
Having spent countless hours building up the enclosures for all of the animals, addressing health concerns, and finding enough meat and other food to feed 70 plus animals, word began to get out about the Jackson family's endeavor –then the calls began.
People, like Bum's former owner, were calling because they had bought or inherited big cats and could not care for them. It became evident that big cat ownership was a serious issue being faced across the United States. In response to these calls for help, Don, Hilda, and Tanya Jackson stepped up to the challenge and did what most would only dream of – sold everything, bought the ranch, moved over 300 miles, and humbly went to work for the animals.
After years of hard work, Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge reached verified status in 2015, and accredited status in 2017, by the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries (GFAS). The accredited status indicates to the world that TCWR is a sanctuary that upholds the highest standards of animal care and safety.
Today, there are over a dozen reputable big cat sanctuaries around the country, and Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge easily stands out as a frontrunner. With a highly competitive intern program (est. 1996), the Refuge was able to more than double its rescue efforts and also establish a strong education base. Currently, the United States has thousands of residents keeping dangerous big cats in their backyards, basements, garages, and warehouses with little to no regulations keeping the animal, the owner, and the public safe. Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge will not only fight to get these regulations in place but also help to continue to clean up the damage caused by the Exotic Pet Trade in this country and abroad.
Remembering Co-Founder Hilda Putnam Jackson
(January 4, 1939 – February 11, 2011)
"My mom was an amazing woman," said Tanya Smith of her mother, Hilda Jackson. "After we moved to Eureka Springs she would tell me "keep your chin up, Tanya, just have faith." That attitude is one that got Hilda through a life that was not always easy. She was born Hilda Putman in a small Northeast Texas town and was the fourth of eleven children, 10 of whom were birthed at home. She grew up on a 100-acre working farm with cash crops of cotton, cucumbers, and watermelons. The family also raised hogs and cows. Hard work was expected from all the children starting as soon as they could hold a sack to pick cotton. Hilda went to a small one-room school a mile and a half walk away, and once recalled carrying her sick younger brother all the way home from school.
After graduating from Hughes Springs Public School in 1957, Hilda moved to Dallas, Texas, to find work. There she married her first husband and had two boys, Robert Glen and Clifford Ray. Her husband was neglectful so Hilda divorced him and later married Donald Ray Jackson, on December 7, 1963. The Jacksons eventually moved to Elk Grove Village, a suburb of Chicago where her daughter Tanya Alexenia Syrenia was born. Five years later they moved back to Hughes Springs, Texas, where they bought the Hughes Mansion that was in need of much repair and made that their home until 1980.
Hilda worked as a realtor-broker and builder in Hughes Springs, where she was responsible for the revitalization of the town by building a hotel, subdivisions, and apartments until the 1980's when the local steel industry took a nosedive. The Jacksons would then move to Hope, Arkansas, and from there bought a modular home plant and built hundreds of motels and homes all over the South.
In 1978, the Jacksons rescued their first African lion. The cub's name was Bum and he lived 21 years with the excellent care he received from Hilda. A few years later, in 1983, Hilda received a call about a female lion living in an apartment with a six-month-old baby. The owners wanted to get rid of the lion because she was looking at the baby like food or a play toy. So Hilda graciously made room for lion Sheila. In late 1991, a lady with 42 lions, tigers, and cougars approached the Jacksons to help her. She kept the animals in deplorable conditions in cattle trailers near Hope, Arkansas. With her own resources, Hilda saved those animals and made sure the animals got the veterinary care and food they needed.
Hilda was an animal and people lover like no other. If there was a stray anywhere in the vicinity she would take it in, feed it, and do everything she could to help the situation. After retiring, Hilda and Don convinced Tanya to move to Eureka Springs, Arkansas. The Jacksons had vacationed annually in the eclectic town and always wanted to make it their home. Hilda felt the desire to help more and sold everything they owned and moved to Eureka Springs. They worked out a deal to purchase 459 acres 7 miles south of town that they had been looking at for 10 years. It was not an easy move but Hilda's faith and dedication inspired everyone that worked with her to help all God's creatures.
Due to the passion of one woman and the love and support of her family, Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge was created and founded in May 1992. "At times I would be pacing the floor with worry about how we were going to get the food for the animals and for our family," recalled Tanya,
"We had invested every dime and all our resources into this move. We had no idea when we started the Refuge that we would be faced with such resistance. The cost of this endeavor was so tremendous that it ate up our resources very quickly. One of the things my mother taught us is that if we saved an animal the least we could do was make sure that animal would never be mistreated and would always have a clean place to live and fresh food and water daily. Rain, snow or shine. Sometimes in the early days at the refuge, I can remember my mom being out in the enclosures alone cleaning and feeding all the rescues. She loved raising the baby animals and she was the best at it. If an animal was sick, she would sleep by its side to make sure it got all that she could give to keep it alive…Mom couldn't turn away any animal that needed rescuing – raccoons, opossums, deer, lions, tigers, cougars, bears, llamas, goats, ducks, sheep, pig, horses, baby bats, the list goes on and on."
Today the Refuge is thriving and Hilda's legacy continues through her daughter and son-in-law, Tanya and Scott, and the many dedicated staff, employees, and interns who continue her work.


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If you want to play the best casino games preferred by fans, you only have to bet your virtual chips or real money to odd / even and red / black, place your bet on the virtual mat and just wait for the ball stop in one of the boxes of the great roulette, there you will know if your intuitions were right. You can choose between the variants of the game – American Roulette, Premium American or European Roulette.
Once you have registered on an online gambling website, you will still have to deposit to your account in order to play for real money. Depositing funds into your account is usually simple, since you are only required to choose the most appropriate method for you. Then, you just have to fill in the information and choose the amount you want to deposit in your account.
What you need to know before entering the online game yourself is that each country has its own legislation related to online gambling. There are special web pages on the Internet that indicate whether there are strict gambling regulations in the country under whose jurisdiction you are. Checking local legislation on such websites will keep you safe from violating any law by registering or betting at online casinos in your country. The withdrawal methods also depend on your location.


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What is FoMO slang for? How the fear of missing out might be tanking your mental health.
Anna Kaufman, USA TODAY
Social media has, in many ways, authored a new world. Our ways of connecting with one another are evolving faster than ever. Social movements, dating, advertisement — it can all be done online now. That shift does not come without challenges, however. So, how are our brains faring with the transition?
Sometimes not so well, it turns out. Over the past three decades the advent of social media has birthed a whole host of terms meant to describe the new feelings networking apps drum up: some good, and some not so much.
FoMO is among the most widely recognized of those terms. What is FoMO, how about FoBO and MoMO? Here's our complete guide to the sea of acronyms.
How you can tackle parenting FoMO: Avoid missing out on your kids' lives
Acronym alphabet: What does 'OTP' mean? Breaking down fandom terms, slang
What is FoMO?
FoMO is an acronym used to refer to the fear of missing out.
Coined in 2004, and rising to popularity in the subsequent decade, the term describes a specific anxiety which arises when a person perceives themselves to be missing out on some important social interaction and then springs into motion to try to make it right. This can mean checking up on what others are doing constantly, or compulsively reaching out to maintain connection.
In one 2013 study, a group of psychologists defined FoMO simply as "a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent."
It is often connected with the rise of social media, thought to be a side-effect of knowing so much about each other's daily lives. The reasoning goes: If we didn't have to see what we were missing out on via Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, etc; would we fear it so much?
Alternatively, social media can be used as a de facto salve for those who intensely fear missing out, as they might feel it is a low-risk way to connect with others and to keep tabs on their activities.
What does 'ngl' mean?: Make sure you're using this internet, texting acronym correctly.
Is FoMO a form of anxiety?
FoMO is a complex feeling phenomenon that can be linked to several mental health outcomes.
In a 2021 study published by The World Journal of Clinical Cases, authors Mayank Gupta and Aditya Sharma write that FoMO can be associated with a range of negative life experiences and feelings, including:
lack of sleep,
reduced life competency,
emotional tension,
negative effects on physical well-being,
lack of emotional control
Anxiousness is certainly part and parcel of the FoMO phenomenon. Congnitive behaviors connected to FoMO include compulsive refreshing of social media sites and notifications, heightening anxiety as an individual awaits the "reward" of a message or update.
The need to stay constantly engaged, and constantly up to date, coupled with the often-filtered nature of social media can foster a negative self-comparison with the sort of distorted reality that exists online.
What does 'smh' mean? Defining the texting acronym and how to use it in your conversations
What triggers FoMO?
One 2013 study muses that FoMO could be the result of an individual's core psychological needs not being met. In particular, relatedness: a closeness to others.
That lack of connection might drive a person to engage with social media more, creating a vicious cycle of FoMO. It goes something like this: a person feels disconnected, they log on to Instagram to feel more in tune with others but then see their peers in a seemingly hyper-connected state, sparking more loneliness.
The bottom line is human connection is good. We need one another for our mental well-being. While social media can seem like an easy shortcut to community, it is a double-edged sword. It can provide a wonderful means of connectedness but is not to be used in lieu of all other human relation. The online illusion of other people's perceived popularity and busy social calendar can be dangerous when it comes to FoMO, sometimes further isolating us, and prompting negative self-comparison.
What does 'hmu' mean?: Get to know Internet, texting acronym
What is MoMO vs FoMO?
While FoMO is the fear of missing out, MoMO is the mystery of missing out.
FoMO refers to something tangible — seeing a post on social media and wishing you were there. MoMO on the other hand is about the imagined — suspecting that a social event is happening, and you weren't invited but having no proof.
It usually arises when an individual notices peers are not posting on social media as they typically would, sparking a sort of paranoia that the radio silence is a sign of some hidden social scene.
"It's the unique type of anxiety that prompts us to worry that everyone is hanging out without us — and not telling us about it while they're doing it," Lucia Peters writes for Bustle.
Anxious after a night of drinking? It may be 'hangxiety,' the hangover's neurotic cousin
What is FoMO and FoBO?
One more acronym for you. FoBO, the fear of better options, is FoMO's close relative.
In fact, the two terms are attributed to the same man, venture capitalist Patrick Mcginnis. FoBO is characterized by indecision in both consequential scenarios (whether to move cross-country) and less important ones (what to order at dinner.)
That indecision is linked to a fear that there is a better option, and that the choice you ultimately make will be the wrong one. Those with FoBO are more likely to refrain from commitment or commit and then cancel, Coco Khan writes for The Guardian.
While FoMO is more universally experienced, FoBO is more linked to privilege and wealth, Mcginnis told the Guardian. "To have FoBO you must have options. So the richer you are, the more powerful you are, the more options you have. That's when you start to feel it," he noted.
Just Curious? Your everyday questions, answered.
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: What is FoMO? Understand the unique phenomenon of the social media age
Experts say that having an abortion is not linked to mental health issues, but being denied a wanted abortion is.
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Packing a carry-on properly is the key to having a stress-free travel. Things are so much simpler when everything you need is within reach – your glasses to read that book you've been dying to finish, your phone to check some e-mails, or a sweater to keep your body warm during the flight.
While carry-ons can make your life much easier, packing them is not always easy. There may be times that you're so preoccupied with other stuff and you forget to bring some important items. I'm pretty sure you've experienced rummaging through your bag for that missing earring or mascara, only to remember you left it at home.
Don't worry, we're all guilty of packing bags at the last minute – especially during the holiday season. You're not alone! To help you pack your carry-on the right way, I have compiled three different tips for organizing all your stuff while traveling.
Before I give you more details, here are a few of the things you should put in your bag right now so you don't' forget!
Now that you have those things, it's now time for the organizing part. Let me share with you my short and easy-to-follow tips for a great carry-on.
Sort your items using pouches or small bags.
You may be thinking, "How can I become organized if I use more things? Wouldn't that add to clutter inside?" You can never have too many bags. I prefer using these bags that are made for traveling, but you can use anything you currently have- just remember that their purpose is to separate the contents of your carry-on bag. Put your gadgets and accessories in one bag, your extra clothing in another and your toiletries in another. Sorting your items in this fashion will also enable you to quickly find whatever you're looking for.
I have bags similar to these….
Stash what you don't need at the bottom.
My second tip is this: put what you don't need at the bottom. You will save more time if you arrange your things by how you need them. The ones you rarely use or do not need during the flight should stay at the bottom.
Items you will need to access right away should be packed last, so they will end up at the top and/or easy-access compartments. Examples of what you should place at the top include your ID, flight documents, eyeglass and ticket.
Pockets are not just designs – use them.
I'm sure you know people who don't even think of using compartments in their carry-on bags. Some even go out of their way and buy bags without pockets because of how they look. Pockets are there for a reason! Small knick-knacks will surely fit on those pockets, so you can organize them into the bag.


 Aloe Vera acne treatment : does it work ?
According to Medical News Today, pimples form when the hair follicles become clogged with sebum oil. This oil originates from the sebaceous glands just beneath the skin and is used to keep the skin moist and hydrated. When excess amounts are produced, it combines with dirt and dead skin cells to block the pores and acne can ensue. Hormonal imbalances are blamed for this sudden increase in sebum oil and resultant acne rather than poor hygiene and diet.
Although there are hundreds of different species of aloe vera plant in the world, the two most commonly associated with natural healing are aloe arborescens and aloe barbadensis. The medicinal qualities of arborescens pale in comparison to barbadensis, notes GrannyMed. This aloe plant is stemless and can be found it arid climates. Its leaves are thick and contain a gel like substance. It is this gel which is most often used in natural remedies for skin conditions like acne.
According to »Readers Digest: 1001 Home Remedies, » medical professionals do not yet understand how aloe vera works. What is known is that aloe vera gel is rich in anti-inflammatory and soothing agents. It utilizes the chemical bradykininase to act as a topical painkiller. This gummy gel is also said to contain substances which increase blood flow to injured areas and dilate blood vessels thereby helping to promote healing.
Remove an outer aloe vera leaf at its base. Cut down the spine of the leaf and then peel away the skin, revealing the gel. Rinse the piece of gel under cold water. Now apply to the pimpled area. Massage into the skin, being careful to avoid contact with the eyes. »Readers Digest: 1001 Home Remedies » reports that most skin sores caused by acne can heal within five days of use.
Although »Readers Digest: 1001 Home Remedies » makes these claims, sources like the website Mayo Clinic recognize that more research is needed to fully understand the role natural remedies such as aloe vera.
It is believed that its soothing and healing effects can also help relieve the soreness and inflammation of sunburn, psoriasis, speed the healing of cuts, grazes and those lesions caused by shingles.
If you don't wish to use pure aloe vera gel, you can find it in many over-the-counter cosmetics for skin conditions. Consult your doctor about the topical use of pure aloe vera before starting a self-treatment. Your doctor may recommend the use of other over-the-counter products containing the likes of benzoyl peroxide for your pimples. Benzoyl peroxide is a natural compound from the hydrogen peroxide family. MayoClinic lists it as an effective strategy for preventing future acne outbreaks.
*Pat skin dry after washing with aloe vera soap.
*Aloe vera can be used to treat acne in other areas besides the face, such as on the back and chest.
*You can use aloe vera in commercial preparations, or you can extract the sap yourself from an aloe vera plant. The sap in its raw form is safe to use.
*Commercially prepared aloe vera gel can be used before or after cleansing. Check the manufacturer's instructions.
*Don't expect aloe vera to cure acne completely. Aloe vera works on the symptoms of acne, but may not entirely address the root causes. Consistent use is required to maintain results.
Aloe vera solutions for acne can help with the healing process and prevent future skin problems. The treatments are applied topically to restore skin that is inflamed around the hair follicle. Acne is commonly found on the face, neck, shoulders and back. Although it can be found on all areas of the body. Aloe vera gel can help reduce acne problems and make it easier for acne sufferers to handle.
Aloe vera is only of several natural vitamins and other resources that can be used to help treat acne. When scar tissue is left on the face or body as a result of acne, aloe vera solutions can help the skin rebuild new tissue and diminish the appearance of scars left over by severe acne blemishes.
Aloe vera has been a proven solution to help acne sufferers improve their skin problems and promote the healing of scar tissue formed by the swelling and inflammation of acne. Aloe vera can be found as a liquid or gel substance that is extracted from the inner portion of the aloe vera plant. For centuries aloe vera has been used to help various ailments. It has even been used by the ancient Egyptians and Chinese as far back as five thousand years ago. In recent years aloe vera has been used to heal skin that is damaged by burns and for intestinal problems.
Aloe vera is an all natural treatment. The material found inside the aloe vera plant contains gibberellin and polysaccharides which help to stimulate the skin and heal infected areas. These ingredients are good as reducing swelling and inflammation surrounding acne blemishes. There are also natural antibiotics in the gel, coagulating agents, pain inhibitors and astringent materials. Aloe vera helps to stimulate new cell growth and the skin's ability to heal scarred tissue.
Using aloe vera as a remedy and treatment option is a simple and inexpensive option. There are several aloe vera products available in drug stores and at cosmetic counters. If you want the purest form then you should look for aloe vera products that are one hundred percent and contain no additives or chemicals that may make your skin problems worse. There is even the option of purchasing an aloe vera plant to break open the stems to get to the gel compound that is inside the plant. To treat acne use aloe vera topically and apply it liberally after washing the skin.
To increase the chances of aloe vera working to cure your acne you should accompany it with a healthy diet. A healthy diet is key to getting healthy skin. Vitamins can be added to your diet to help promote skin repair and fight your skin problems. Vitamins A and B are best known to help keep skin looking and feeling young and healthy. Any vitamins you take should be taken in moderation and as directed.
Taking in plenty of water is also essential to a skin regimen. Eight eight ounce glasses of water a day is recommended. If you are prone to acne then you should stay away from carbohydrates and large amounts of sugar. The best choice is healthy vegetables and fruit that are rich in vitamins. Foods with Omega-3 fatty acids are another good option.
Exercise will also help the body's natural ability to repair skin damage. When using aloe vera you should also incorporate an all around healthy lifestyle. It is always best to talk with your doctor or dermatologist before starting any new diet or before you take large amounts of vitamins. If you are not familiar with any acne product or treatment option you should talk with your doctor and gain their approval first.
I don't know if we can call it « miracle », but Aloe Vera acne treatment is a helpful way to treat your acne without side effects.


KARACHI: The relatives of a woman were arrested Monday for reportedly murdering her in the name of honour.
According to the investigating officer, the woman was murdered by her relatives on August 28, who buried her body in Gulshan-e-Maymar area of the city.
The officer quoted the deceased woman, Safdana's, in-laws as saying that they killed her after hearing her speak to a man on the phone.
Police said that Safdana's in-laws planned the murder in connivance with her relatives, as per which they took her to Bhittaiabad on the pretext of a gathering and sprayed her with bullets.
The accused then wrapped the body in a blanket and handed it over to Safdana's relatives who buried it in Gulshan-e-Maymar.
Safdana's husband lives and works in Sibbi, Balochistan.Police have decided to exhume Safdana's grave, but final decision will be taken after court orders.
A post-mortem would be conducted on the body, while the accused would be presented before the court, the investigating officer said, adding search was under way to arrested others involved in the murder.
On Saturday night, two men were arrested for murdering a woman and a boy in the name of honour. Police said the tortured bodies of a 22-year-old woman and an 18-year-old boy were found hanging here in Karachi.
The woman's father, who has been identified as Khair Muhammad Khan, and her husband Sabir killed her and the boy, police added.


Thank you for attending the "21-Tech Overview" webinar on Thursday, September 12th, 2013. If you'd like to view the webinar again, or share it with your colleagues, it's attached below. ASTC has also posted the recording on the their Professional Development Vimeo page.


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At Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning, we understand that you are looking for the best window cleaning in town — but you also want the "complete package". We're confident that you will find those qualities in us. But don't take our word for it ... here are some reviews from our customers to help you see for yourself.
I wouldn't use anyone else. They are reliable, courteous and flexible. The windows come out as advertised, spotless!
Whenever you invite someone into your home to clean your windows, you're entrusting them to not only do a good job, but to show consideration for your prized possessions as well. At Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning, we do both.
Not only do we make your windows sparkle, but we also provide that professional touch and take care of other parts of your windows many of our competitors forget — such as vacuuming the tracks, cleaning the screens and hard water stain removal. We treat your home as you would want it to be treated. That's who we are — and why your neighbors in Tucson use us for all their window cleaning needs.
Gabe is prompt, professional, and personable. He did an outstanding job and didn't miss any details. I would highly recommend him to anyone who needs the job done right.
Commercial clients throughout Tucson trust Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning for their window cleaning needs. We tailor our service to the requirements of your business. If you need us to arrive before you open, we can do that. If you only need the outside cleaned, thats's not a problem. Have a visit or inspection from corporate? We can schedule time for a special cleaning to make you and your property look good. Whether you have a small store front or a large industrial building, Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning is your best choice.
Our window cleaning service helps you and your business look like the professionals that you are. You can count on us for quality work, dependability, and respect shown to your customers. That's the way we do business.
Gabe does a fantastic job cleaning our windows and screens. He is the absolute best at communicating with his clients. I leave a message or text and he gets back to me in a timely manner. He is on time and if something comes up he always communicates with me.
Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning is one of Tucson's most popular window cleaning businesses. We take pride in making your windows spotless. Our focus on customer service and satisfaction will put you at ease throughout the entire job. With each project, we show respect to you, your family, and your property — while doing a fantastic job that will make you want to call us back again and again. Read what your neighbors in Tucson are saying about our services!
The Owner: Gabriel Gutierrez is a Tucson native who loves the area and the residents. He has over 25 years in the customer service industry and prides himself on doing all he can to meet his customers' needs. More than the job itself, he enjoys the relationships he's created with home and business owners in Tucson. His commitment to good customer service and quality work was formed from years of working in various customer service jobs. Taking the lessons learned from all his years of experience working with the public, he decided to start his own business. With a little training from a industry professional and a lot of hard work, his business took off — and he has never looked back.
The Business: Gabe's Spotless Window Cleaning was established in January of 2000. It started out small, cleaning windows for just a few businesses in town. Now, it has grown to have over 1,000 residential and commercial customers throughout all of Tucson, Oro Valley, and Marana.


Richard TruesdellWikipedia defines a truck camper as "any recreational vehicle or RV, which can be carried out in the bed of a pickup. In North America, this RV type is sometimes known as a slide or cab-over." At one time, especially in the 1960s years, campers made a substantial part of the recreational vehicle market, but its popularity waned over time other campers arose mainly van-based Class C motorhomes. But the truck camper remains unmatched versatility, as the camper can be easily removed and you're with all the versatility of a conventional pickup's look at an example of this combo truck.Let left: a pristine 1968 Silver Streak Truck Camper mounted in bed an original , 37,000-mile was 1969 Chevrolet Longhorn Custom Camper.The Silver Streak Trailer Co. in 1949 by Frank and Kenneth Pollito Neptune, two former McDonnell Douglas employee who founded their knowledge of aerospace technologies to the art of building applied state-of-the-art RV. The Silver Streak trailer were positively to the better-known Airstreams.Rolf Zushlag, a senior executive of the Silver Streak, the company bought from Pollito and Neptune compared to the mid-1980s. Ultimately, he moved the company from El Monte, California to Chino, east of Los Angeles. Zushlag sat down with the production of silver lining, until the company closed in 1997.
The 1968 Silver Streak shown here is representative of the 600 Silver Streak campers in the late 60s by the company best known for its built travel trailers. His companion truck is the pride and joy of Henry Wallace, who has assembled an enviable collection of vintage RVs, pickups and cars as part of its Wallace Collection. Some of his unique vehicles predate World War II and are from the beginning of the mobile home era.The state of Silver Streak is exceptional, and the sale was in the original paperwork, including the original purchase agreement, brochures and manuals. Wallace took the Silver Streak in 2005 than it had put up for sale by a charitable organization that has taken it as a donation. The Silver Streak is 10.5 meters long and contains an over-cabin 54-inch wide bed, a fully equipped kitchen with stove and refrigerator, and a combination toilet and shower. It is a paragon of space efficiency, and in this respect has little in common with a modern 40-foot Class A diesel pusher with four slide-outs. While the Silver Streak is more of a studio apartment, a modern RV more in common with a New York City penthouse.
Wallace Longhorn Custom Camper had only 31,000 miles on it when he bought it. It is equipped with a big-block 396-cubic-inch V-8, power steering and factory air conditioning. In the time in which it was built, Wallace Longhorn Custom Camper was a fully equipped pickup. With a view on page 8 of the 1969 full-line Chevy truck brochure, we see that Chevrolet marketers – like their counterparts at Ford, Dodge, Jeep and Kaiser International – were clearly addressing the emerging RV market. In the case of Chevrolet, proclaimed the brochure "Factory installed equipment to Chevy pickups and chassis-cab units more suitable for camper service making is another way that Chevrolet will bring more efficiency in the American automotive history public. Availability of elements such as heavy-duty springs with high capacity front tires and stabilizers make it possible to move your RV with greater ease and keeps driving repairs to a minimum. "continued the brochure, truck toughness underlined with a smooth ride. In a nod to what was to come, he stressed that the availability of "low art" Four-wheel drive down a published specifications for Wallace C20 three-quarter-ton Longhorn that the gross vehicle weight for a cab-over with rear overhang is a respectable £ 7,500. The camper can be up to 10.5 meters long, and the campers themselves weigh up to 1,600 pounds. The Silver Streak companion brochure shows that Wallace 10.5-foot camper, weighs 1990 pounds, which means that with a combined £ 3,000 to designate for the campers, passengers and other devices, Wallace has to £ 1,000 for themselves, his wife and all their gear. If PickupTrucks.com spoke to Wallace, he told the story, as the Silver Streak was added to his collection. After the Silver Streak in San Diego, instead found it shipped back to Kentucky, he flew to San Diego, completed the purchase, mounted the motor home, and then he and his wife drove the combo East. "The journey to the East was very interesting," he says. "Sleeping in the 54-inch cab-over bed is as comfortable as possible. You can have the top front windows and see through all things. I grew up camping in a 1968 Open Road, which had the same style, cab-over bed, and The Silver Streak brings good memories. "


Say goodbye to searching the web for new software. With Ubuntu Software Center, you can find and install new apps with ease. Just type in what you're looking for, or explore categories such as Science, Education and Games, alongside helpful reviews from other users.
Contributors to this translation: LM, Massimeddu.


dhw: This is a quibble. You accept common descent (i.e. that all life forms except the very first descended from earlier life forms), but you reject gradualism and accept punctuated equilibrium, and you believe in design not chance.
David: Not a quibble, as there are two ways to define common descent, an entirely natural one which I reject and process designed and managed by an agency, God. I was really debating with Tony his dispensing with the common descent idea completely. I think I can define it in a way he might accept.
Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor. There is "massive" evidence of common descent of all life on Earth from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the LUCA, by comparing the genomes of the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.
Tony: This is the part I have a problem with: ALL LIFE from ONE LUCA. There are too many problems with that concept for me to accept it.
What LUCA might have contained as a gene structure is a scientific guess, and is only one representation of how the organism really operated to maintain its life, which involves homeostatic mechanisms well beyond the number of genes.
Tony rejects this, but you accept it. And it makes no difference to the meaning of the term common descent whether God designed it or not.
dhw: I don't like to break in on this happy biblical accord, but I'm feeling lonely. David, would you please confirm that you believe in common descent, and reject the bible's separate creation of each species, including man.
David: I agree in an overall view that single cells were the start of life and subsequent steps became more and more complex until humans arrived. I don't reject the separate creation Bible theory, since I also think God stepped into the process continuously or at various points (dabbling). None of me is on your picket fence.
Davids version is certainly a possibility, primarily because it accounts for the addition of new information when needed to account for things that simply were not needed in previous iterations of life.


I'm a big believer that you don't need to spend an hour exercising. Quick workouts at home are both convenient and effective. The key is how the workout is structured.
The triple set links together three exercises to work similar muscles. You fatigue quicker and spend less time exercising. It's like doing a micro-circuit. There is no rest in between exercises.
The first exercise in each triple set is what I call a "big bang" exercise. It works lots of muscles all at once. The next two exercises work the accessory/assisting muscles.
Make sure to include a warm up before beginning. The mobility matrix is great to loosen you up. Plus 10 incline pushups and 12 bodyweight squats to warm up your muscles.
Do 3-4 sets of each triple set and 12 reps of each exercise.
Skater – works your stabilizer muscles in your outer and inner thighs. Plus gets your heart rate up!
When you put all three of the these triple set blocks together, you'll get a complete total body workout! And it will take you 30 minutes or less.
For more quick workouts at home, check out Total Body Workout with Weights and Bodyweight Exercises for women.


Elite competition tournament. We offer two division s to play in. The Right Shoe Division and the Left Shoe Division.
Elite competition tournament. We offer two divisions to play in. The Right Shoe Division is for teams that wish to play in the Elite level Division. The Right Shoe Division is open to boys and girls ages 14u to 17u. The Left Shoe Division is our Showcase Division and is open to boys 10u to 17u and girls age 12u to 17u.
Format: 4 game guarantee. Stop clock. Bracket play and team rankings right from the start. This is a winner take all tournament.


"Honey! There is a funny noise coming from the bathroom!" Ever walk by your bathroom and hear something that sounds like water running? Then you begrudgingly walk in and suddenly the sound disappears. Hmmm. Floor is dry. Faucet isn't dripping. Hmmm. Then out of the blue an hour later, you hear it again! What can it be?
You guessed it! It's probably your toilet.
When you push down on the flush lever on your toilet tank, a flapper or seal at the bottom of the tank raises up, exposes about a 3" hole in the bottom of the tank, the water in the tank is released, gravity takes over and down the drain everything goes! The flapper then drops back down. The fill valve starts to do its job and let water back in and before you know it, the tank is full and ready for your next flush.
Over time, the rubber that the flapper is made of slowly deteriorates. And once it gets bad enough, the water in the tank starts to seep around the now deformed flapper and runs down your drain. As that water starts going down the drain, the fill valve starts to do its job again, and here comes that funny noise from the bathroom!
So who ya gonna call…nobody! Fix it yourself!
Even if you're a little skittish about working on plumbing, a toilet flapper can easily be replaced. And is a good place to start to hone your plumbing knowledge.
Start by simply closing the chrome supply valve that comes out of the wall under your toilet. If you don't have one, you will have to turn off the water supply to the entire house.
With the valve off, flush the toilet, and all the water will drain out. Now before you just start tearing things out of there to bring to your local hardware store, take a look at how it all works! See what happens when that flush lever is pushed. How the flapper does what it does, how tight the chain is from the flush arm to the flapper. And one of the last things I suggest you do before you start tearing that old flapper off is to take a few pictures with your smart phone! This will help you when you go to put everything back together.
That old flapper is going to be nasty! So grab a paper towel or rag before sticking your hands down in there.
First, unhook the flapper from the flush arm. Then go for the flapper itself. Some unsnap, some unscrew, some lift off. All really quite easy and all may be able to be done without any tools. Toss it in a plastic bag and come on in. Don't forget to bring your phone with you in case we need to see a few of your pictures. The photos will help us get you exactly what you need.
We'll answer your questions, get you the right parts, and before you know it, it will be time to put your toilet back together. Kinda work backwards from the way you took things apart and in no time at all, it'll be back in one piece.
Turn on the valve and watch the water fill the tank. Once it's done, be daring, and flush that lever and away the water goes! In most cases it's a done deal. Sometimes a little adjustment, a redo, or a quick call to your local hardware store is needed for a little advice, but soon the project will be complete.
← CONGRATULATIONS – 100 YEARS OLD!


Crohn's & Colitis UK believes that no Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) related initiative, development or service will be as good as it could be without the input of people affected by these conditions at each stage in the cycle of planning and development, implementation and delivery, monitoring and review.
Those living with IBD have a personal experience and understanding of the impact this has on their and their families' lives and through receiving health and other public services, they can become 'Experts by Experience'. This wealth of experience plays a vital role in informing and shaping the work of the Charity and improving the way services are delivered for others.
Crohn's & Colitis UK work to ensure that the voice of those living with IBD is valued and heard. We support individuals to become involved with the Charity and with initiatives that can make a real difference to the lives of others with IBD. In addition to this, we support and encourage individuals to get involved in service improvement more broadly by participating in opportunities that are not IBD specific but enable representation from the IBD patient community.
Being a part of the Highland project has been great. I've learnt so much and knowing that I am helping change the shape of healthcare for IBD patients in the Highlands and in Scotland as a whole is hugely satisfying.


Continuing our series highlighting exceptional drugstore beauty brands, we would like to present Organic Surge. Never heard of it? You soon will. Organic and "natural" brands that look good, smell good, work well, and are cheap are still a bit of a rarity. Enter Organic Surge, a brand that was born in the UK in 2004. It just launched in the US in 2010, and is currently available at CVS.com and drugstore.com. If all goes well, you should see the brand in brick-and-mortar stores soon.
So first, let's explore the "organic" in the name. The essential oils used in the products are certified organic. The other ingredients are mostly "naturally-derived"--the ingredient lists are prominently displayed on products and tell you what's natural.
Everyone knows that packaging is the first thing to grab your eye, and these products are fun and colorful. Organic Surge looks like a slick brand, which is still rare for inexpensive organic beauty products (if you doubt us, take a wander through Whole Foods' beauty department).
Organic Surge offers a range of products, including hair care, skin care, and bath and body. Prices range from $5.99 to $12.99.
The shampoos don't contain sulfates, yet still lather nicely and they also smell great. The shower gels and lotions are moisturizing and don't have that fake flowery smell that so many drugstore beauty brands have. All products are paraben-free.
The standouts of the collection are the Blissful Daily Moisturizer and Overnight Sensation Cream. Both contain ingredients like green tea, grape seed oil, and vitamin E, all of which are found in much more expensive brands.
The icing on the cake? The company donates a portion of the proceeds to charities. Looking good and feeling good--the perfect combination.
The drugstore is hoping to compete with the likes of Ulta and Sephora.
Organic and natural beauty brands are popping up faster than you can say "paraben free" lately. Consumers want more products that are free of nastiness and synthetic chemicals. And companies are obliging, in droves. Lindsey Wixson's recent "makeup allergy" after a show in Paris is a good reminder that the things we put on and in our bodies have active ingredients that can mess with our biology. Most people want products that work and are pleasant to use. But if using natural or organic versions is also important to you, you're in luck. There are so many brands filling this niche now, from homegrown to luxurious. Click through for three brands that have committed to sustainable, natural beauty products that are fun, too.


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Photo credits: Pawel Chojnacki
The crisis of the public sphere (and objectivity?), which has been evident for some time now, and the open hostility towards "mainstream media" will be part of our focus, as will the success stories from (investigative) journalism, great moments in international cooperation and collaborative framing of data traces and narratives. How are we dealing with each other in social discourses and in the comment sections? How do you prepare yourself for technological developments that keep making it harder to differentiate between what is real and what is fake? Is it a contradiction that robots can cover sports for us perfectly well, yet we are especially dependent on reporters and commentators to categorise and classify current events for us? What experiments and projects should you keep an eye on?
In this track we want to hear about the state of digital media freedom, the changing nature of public spheres, the effects of fake news, the changing media landscapes and the evolution of social media, about video platforms and other forms of online expression and entertainment. We invite media professionals, journalists, bloggers, storytellers, and citizen journalism projects of all kinds to share their insights, research and experiences. We'd love to see contributions from investigative journalists presenting their findings, from hashtag campaign initiators, from social media analysts and influencers.
Podcasting Essentials: Record, Edit and Distribute your Voice
Creators Studio
Amos Katsekpor, Divine Puplampu
This session will take participants through basic podcast skills: How to use your everyday devices (phones and laptops) and studio equipments to record, edit and start broadcasting your voice.
How the Media Can Survive in a Facebook Economy
Bernardino Avle
Let's explore the business models of Ghana's traditional media and the components of these models that need to evolve as new media continues to disrupt the space.
Has Your Newsroom Tried This Yet?
Sandister Tei
For every stage of the news, broadcast programming and other storytelling, there's a new media or digital platform offering solutions. For each task in information gathering, processing, publishing, audience engagement, discover an app, a web platform or a tip that you might have overlooked. This workshop is a one-hour walkthrough of some of the options you have in the use of simple, low budget, low entry digital tools.
Freedom of Panorama - Why Free Knowledge Matters in Africa
Douglas Ian Scott
What is Freedom of Panorama, how does it affect you, what is being done to increase people rights, and how can you get involved? These are questions will be discussed with Douglas Scott from Wikimedia South Africa. For the past four years Wikimedia South Africa has sought to give members of the public the right to take photographs of public works of art and share them digitally. An activity that despite popular assumptions about copyright most people in Africa do not have the right to do.
Like. Share. Kill: When Disinformation Turns Deadly
Yemisi Adegoke
In the US, Asia, and Europe, Facebook has come under intense scrutiny for its role in the circulation of "fake news". But what happens when viral disinformation spreads through regions in Africa already in the midst of ethnic violence?
Wikipedia 101
Workshop Room
This workshop will be a general orientation workshop about Wikipedia - a free, collaborative, multilingual, online encyclopedia that can be read and edited freely by anyone in the world.
Freedom of Speech - Terms and Conditions Apply
Tefo Mohapi
This talk will look back at the history of free speech online in Africa.
Create, Contribute, Edit: A Wikidata Workshop
Digital Rights Lounge
Sat, 12/15/2018 - 16:15 - Sat, 12/15/2018 - 17:15
Enock Seth Nyamador
This workshop will be a general orientation workshop about Wikidata - a free, collaborative, multilingual, secondary database that can be read and edited by anyone in the world.
Advertising and Media in the Digital Age: Are We Adapting Fast Enough?
Nana Adwoa Sey, Cynthia Mukendy, Stephen Onaivi
Digital technology grows fast and new solutions are created every day. The advertising and media industries have had to adjust rapidly to these changes, especially in Africa. Are Ghana's media professionals adapting fast enough to this new digital reality? Are independent consultants dominating media and advertising houses? How can both sides succeed in this developing market? This interactive session will discuss the topic and provide useful tips for media professionals on both sides.
Data Revolution: Its Time for Citizen-Generated Data
Gilberto Vieira, Asmaa Guedira, Brenda Wambui
Nowadays, citizens, the protagonists of data banks (both private and public), are central to a power game involving both public policy decisions and consumer integrity. To whom does data belong? For whom is it most or least accessible? How can data be made more visible, so that it can create new narratives that permit the development of basic community rights?
Revolution Radio: How the Podcast Became Ghana's Most Progressive Media Space
Kobby Ankomah-Graham, Eli Tetteh
Although podcasting remains a relatively niche market in Ghana, it has witnessed a recent explosion through which it has emerged as a means for progressive Ghanaian voices to bypass mainstream, largely conservative media gatekeepers.
As both participants and researchers in this emerging scene, Eli Tetteh and Kobby Ankomah-Graham chart the rise and potential of the podcast as a space for Ghanaian counterculture.
How Smartphone Consumer Protection Affects Investigative Journalists and Activists
Sadibou Sow, Emmanuel Dogbevi, Berhan Taye, Ashnah Kalemera
Investigative journalists and activists rely on smartphones to do their job. Smartphones are a key resource to test the powerful and keep governments in check. At the same time, smartphones can provide a window into the most sensitive parts of their users' life and work. Recently, even some governments are alleged to utilize smartphones against users at odds with their political agenda. What are the threats, how can smartphones be protected and what is the role of tech companies in all this?


1:33AM: Chicago Fire Department ambulance #6 was called to the Addison Red Line station to treat a man having a seizure. Upon arriving at the L stop, paramedics radioed to have police meet them at Illinois Masonic Medical Center because the man down appeared to have been robbed. Officers spoke with the victim at the hospital and determined that while he had not been robbed, he was the victim of a domestic battery. A case number is pending. UPDATED 11 JUNE 2013: No report was taken.
2:15AM: A passerby discovered that a door was left open at Joy's Noodles and Rice, 3257 N. Broadway. Officers secured the restaurant.
5:33AM: Security at the 3224 N. Halsted garage called police for assistance with removing a trespasser.


Note: If you get this error message: " The package could not be installed. The theme is missing the style.css stylesheet. Theme install failed." it means that you have uploaded the wrong zip. Please be sure to upload the file weddingindustry.zip and not the main zip.


People tend not to think about the implications of their actions. The word "implications" is derived from a Latin word meaning "to interweave, entangle, or entwine"—and so often a careless action leads to a tangled web of trouble. The just-do-it attitude of our culture certainly leads to thoughtless action. But in this, we are not so different from our first parents Adam and Eve, who surely failed to consider in advance the consequences of their rebellion in the garden. That first sin, committed at the beginning of time, has had a devastating effect on all subsequent people and events.
As we ponder this lesson, may we as individuals, families, and as a church family consider the covenant implications of our every thought and actions, "casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and bringing [all] into captivity to the obedience of Christ" II Cor. 10:5. May we know God's blessing as we study this week's catechism question and answer.
WSC Q16. Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?
A. The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity[a]; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression[b].
[a] Acts 17:26. See under Question 12.
[b] Gen. 2:17. Compare with Rom. 5:12-20; I Cor. 15:21, 22.
Question #16 asks if all mankind fell in Adam's first disobedience, and answers that since the covenant was made not only for Adam but also for his natural descendants, all mankind sinned in him and fell with him in his first disobedience.
In Webster's 1828 Dictionary, we find this definition of "posterity:" Descendants; children, children's children, &c. indefinitely; the race that proceeds from a progenitor. The whole human race are the posterity of Adam. See from there the word "progenitor," which Webster goes on to define as: An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather. Adam was the progenitor of the human race. "Progenitor" comes from two words—pro, meaning before, and gigno, meaning beget, a word familiar to us from reading Biblical genealogies.
Connection, origin, identity, and our covenant relationship with Adam—all this is clearly taught in Scripture and understood by God's church. Back in 1828, the federal headship of Adam to the whole human race was even used to form definitions of common words in the dictionary of the day. But in the iWorld* culture in which we now live, such connection, corporate identity, and covenant understandings are pushed aside in favor of hyper-individualism. The iWorld* culture sees no connection to the past, and thus takes no responsibility for the effect of its actions upon others now or in the future; the members of this culture break God's laws with pride and with seeming impunity. It's as if people live in a bubble of insensitivity, burst eventually by the reality of outcomes and unintended consequences.
Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression? Scripture is clear and we are surrounded by the evidence. One has to marvel at the realization that must have befallen Adam and Eve the nanosecond after their experiment in self-assertion—their want of conformity unto, and transgression of, the command of God. In the blink of an eye, all changed. They sensed immediately the crushing weight of the implications of their actions; their paradise became a nightmare of sin and hate, for them, their children, their children's children, …generation unto generation. It would take one willing to pay the price of real active obedience, one willing to obey where Adam wouldn't and now couldn't. It would take one who could awake by faith from the crucifixion-induced sleep of death, to break the eternal and cursed nightmare Adam and Eve brought upon their posterity.
In the traditional world, now beginning to fade into memory, people believed in the providence of a sovereign God. We were taught that our times and places, even our family identities, had design, meaning, and purpose. We were to learn, to build relationships, to confront and overcome differences and sinful behaviors—in other words, like Mom used to say, we were to "grow up and learn to get along." If our fathers failed us, our pastors and teachers pointed us to a Heavenly Father who never does, and never will! In fact, difficult relationships with fellow sinners led us to appreciate the most pleasant of all relationships, with Jesus, the kinsman redeemer who gives us a new identity and an eternal family.
I've been speaking in the past tense because such clear teachings from God's Word are not taught consistently in the homes and schools of our culture anymore. God's plans, and the implications of his and our actions, are ignored by the iWorld*. May we, however, hold fast to the decrees of the all-wise and sovereign God who established covenant bonds. May we teach those decrees to our children, so that they might understand their identity in Him to whom alone belongs all praise, honor, and glory.
Note: *iWorld: The present-day society in which the immediate desires and wishes of the individual reign supreme, above the world of traditional morality and relationships, the tWorld of traditional Western cultural value and society.
1. This catechism question is based on the idea of covenant and representation. Whatever a representative does, it is as though the people he represents have done it as well. This can be observed the signing of peace treaties today. It would be impossible for all of the people living in two warring countries to get together for a meeting; so each country sends a representative to the meeting. Whatever the representative says, his country is saying. If the representative signs a peace treaty, his country has in fact signed it. Sometimes a people will choose their own representative, and at other times someone in authority may make the choice for them. God chose Adam as the first man to represent all mankind. How should we acknowledge God in this covenant relationship He established? Read Rom. 11:33 and Ps. 145:17.
2. Because of this covenant relationship in which Adam represents all mankind, what was the result of Adam's sin upon all of his descendants? See Rom. 5:16.
3. What does Rom. 5:14 say was one of the effects upon all mankind as a result of Adam's sin?
4. In His grace, God provided a new beginning to counter Adam's fall. Who is the new man? See Rom. 5:15, 18-19.
5. How is this new man able to save others from the effects of sin and Adam's fall? See Is. 53:5-6.
WSC Q16. Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?
[b] Gen. 2:17. Compared with Rom 5:12-20; I Cor. 15:21, 22.
WLC Q22. Did all mankind fall in that first transgression?
A. The covenant being made with Adam, as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation[a], sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression[b].
[b] Gen. 2:16-17; compare with Rom. 5:12-20; 1Cor. 15:21-22.
III.They being the root of all mankind, the guilt of this sin was imputed[a]; and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity, descending from them by ordinary generation[b].
[a] Acts 17:26; Compare Gen. 2:16, 17 with Rom. 5:12, 15-19; I Cor. 15:21-22, 45, 49.
[b] Ps. 51:5; John 3:6; Gen. 5:3; Job 15:14; Rom. 3:10-18.
Note the progression of understanding and words used from the shorter to larger catechism and confession, words like posterity, public person and imputation and corrupted nature. What additional light do they bring to our understanding of the first transgression?


University of North Dakota civil engineering professor, Daba Gedafa, recently completed a simple dust study to measure its impact on crops and livestock. The study measured and compared dust from unpaved roads in Mountrail, McKenzie and Williams counties in western North Dakota taking into consideration traffic, material type and weather conditions.
Canning jars mounted on a metal post, along with a traffic counter, were set up at each of the test sites to collect dust in the air. Three separate data collections captured during 27- to 36-day periods during July-August, August-September, and September-October were taken.
The study found the effects of the dust on crops includes reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal interference, increased incidence of plant pests and disease and reduced effectiveness of crop spraying. The effect of dust from unpaved roads on livestock included dust pneumonia, pinkeye, change in grazing patterns and excessive teeth wear.
Researchers at North Dakota State University are taking the dust research a step further. Five research proposals have been selected to receive seed funding to research the impact of road dust issues in areas of energy development across western North Dakota. NDSU announced receipt of five awards totaling $224,516 to conduct research over the next two years.
"Not only does it [the research] allow students to learn scientific methods, it also engages them in fast-track research to help provide information that can benefit communities," Rusch said.


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The Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy
Current page: People
Global Programs
bc home > Centers > Clough Center > About > Current page: People
Vlad Perju is director of the Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy and a tenured Associate Professor at BC Law, where he has been teaching since 2007. His primary research and teaching interests include the law of the European Union, comparative constitutional law and theory, international and comparative law and jurisprudence. perju@bc.edu
Peter Marino is the Associate Director for the Center for Centers. He is responsible for the overall management of the Center for Centers which provides finance management, human resources and administrative services to the Clough Center and other designated centers and institutes across the University. He holds a BA in Communication from Boston College. peter.marino@bc.edu
Shaylonda Barton is the Internal Grants Manager for the Center for Centers. She manages the application and award processes, assists in managing grant resources, facilitate reports, and provide grant administrative services to the Clough Center. shaylonda.barton@bc.edu
Susan Dunn serves as the Fiscal & Operations Administrator to the Center for Centers. She provides fiscal, HR and administrative support to the Clough Center and other designated centers and institutes. Dunn holds a BS from Salve Regina University. dunnsf@bc.edu
Gaurie Pandey provides web and communications services to the Clough Center as the Web Design and Communications Specialist at the Center for Centers. She holds a BA in Art & Art History from the University of Toronto and an Associate Degree in Interactive Multimedia and Design from the Sheridan Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning. gaurie.pandey@bc.edu
Stephanie Querzoli is the Program and Events Manager for the Center for Centers. She provides event support to the Clough Center and other designated centers and institutes on campus. She holds a BS in Communications from Boston University. stephanie.querzoli@bc.edu
Maintained by: CC


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Why I followed Jeffrey Gundlach to DoubleLine
Bonnie Baha
Jeffrey Gundlach
One year ago tomorrow, Dec. 4, my boss, Jeffrey Gundlach, was fired as chief investment officer of the TCW Group. That day upended the lives and livelihoods of hundreds of my colleagues — both people who remained at TCW and the 45 or so of us who left and joined Jeffrey to launch DoubleLine Capital later that month.
Many people have asked those of us at DoubleLine if we knew what we were getting ourselves into. Hardly. After the news of DoubleLine's launch, former clients and consultants quickly came calling. Then on Jan. 7, TCW initiated litigation against the firm and Jeffrey that contained inflammatory allegations and the phones stopped ringing.
TCW emissaries soon followed up the lawsuit with offers of enhanced compensation to recruit away some of our people. There were no takers, in spite of the fact that, for three months, new accounts came to a near standstill. Those months were the most harrowing in my career. Five traders and analysts from the corporate and government bond units at TCW had followed me to DoubleLine. Each of us had families to support; none of us was drawing a salary. Imagine the weight on Jeffrey: eventually more than 50 people would cast their fate with him.
That time reminds me of the dire moment in the Christmas classic, "It's a Wonderful Life". Mr. Potter, oligarch of the fictional town of Bedford Falls, seems on the verge of bringing down Bailey Brothers Building & Loan Association, and the film's hero, George Bailey. Falsely accused of theft, George decides that the world would have been a better place had he not been born. Clarence, an "angel second-class" eager to earn his wings, shows George what Bedford Falls would have become had George indeed never been born. Those of us who followed Jeffrey out the door experienced a twist on that story line: We had a glimpse of life at TCW without Jeffrey.
On the Monday following Jeffrey's termination, we returned to work to behold a surreal scene. It was like walking into your house and finding that complete strangers had moved in. Much like George Bailey's experience in the alternate Bedford Falls where no one remembered him, we were haunted by the obliteration of Jeffrey's presence in the very business he had led us to create over two decades. The personnel of Metropolitan West, the firm TCW acquired to replace Jeffrey, were sitting at our desks, using our computers, managing what had been our accounts. The same surrealism was on display to the outside world. For example, all traces of Jeffrey had been wiped from the TCW website.
People have asked me and other DoubleLine employees what it is about Jeffrey Gundlach that prompted us to follow him. Let me share with you my view of the man after having worked with him for 20 years.
To be perfectly honest, for most of the last two decades, I likely would not have described Jeffrey as a "nice" person in a George Bailey kind of way. However, like George Bailey, he is a good person and I have learned over the past 12 months that there is a material difference between those two human qualities. He doesn't suffer fools gladly. Many who work for him have been on the receiving end of his stinging rebukes. Jeffrey meted out these thunderbolts when he perceived people to be less than diligent in performing their jobs. Ultimately, everything we did was about the management of client funds. If you came up short in that regard, he would let you — as well as everyone else within the "blast radius" — know. Yet many of these same employees jumped at the chance to follow him to DoubleLine.
Years ago, I actually worked up the nerve to ask Jeffrey why he sometimes behaved like such a frickin' jerk. Full disclosure: those weren't my exact words, and I was ready to receive my own Jeffrey thunderbolt in return. Instead, he came into my office, closed the door behind him and talked to me about his life for almost two hours. It's a conversation I'll never forget, or share.
What I can share is my professional conclusion about Jeffrey Gundlach. Jeffrey has demonstrated more personal integrity than anyone else I have known. He is honest; some would say bluntly so. He treats people fairly. His rather healthy ego has an advantageous side effect in that he makes opportunities available to his employees that less self-assured managers would be hesitant to proffer. And there is no one who has demonstrated more remarkable presence of mind in a time of crisis. In 2008, I personally witnessed senior executives disintegrate under the tremendous fear and disorientation of the global financial meltdown. Working with Jeffrey on the trading desk and in investment allocation meetings, I never once saw him lose his composure or his ability to quickly assess events and make decisions — or lose sight of the client. Like George Bailey's devotion to the stakeholders in the Building & Loan, Jeffrey demonstrated for 24 years at TCW unwavering care in the custody of client funds. The crisis of 2008, however, was but a warm-up for the personal acid test that awaited Jeffrey at the end of last year.
Despite the trials that followed, on April 6, under Jeffrey's leadership, DoubleLine managed one of the most successful fund launches in the history of our industry. Today we are responsible for nearly $7 billion in assets under management. Not bad I'd say for a firm that has yet to mark its first year in business.
In Jeffrey, many of us at DoubleLine see a changed person, changed perhaps not only by the trials that began on Dec. 4, 2009, but also by the faith people inside and outside DoubleLine have placed in him. I still wouldn't call Jeffrey a "nice guy," but he has become a nicer one. As should be obvious by this point, one of the benefits of being a part of Mr. Gundlach's wonderful life is that one develops a strong backbone. Despite enormous pressure, we held together through those dark days before the funds' launch. Today we are again providing for our families. Many of our people could easily have stayed on as citizens in the alternate Bedford Falls without our own George Bailey. In retrospect, we know that would have been selling ourselves short.
Bonnie Baha is a portfolio manager and heads the global developed credit team at DoubleLine Capital LP, a money management firm in Los Angeles.
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: The Norrbottenspetz is a small hunting spitz breed from Sweden that probably developed from the small hunting dogs that lived in ancient times with the hunters of the Nordic region. These dogs lived and survived for centuries under the process of natural selection, where only the strongest and most effective had the chance to grow to maturity and reproduce. Following World War II, the price of furs collapsed and interest in the Norrbottenspetz vanished, and the Swedish Kennel Club declared the breed extinct. Eventually it was proven that the breed had survived, mostly as a farm guard and companion dog, in the Norrbotten region. A group of enthusiastic hunters worked to find dogs that were breed typical, and in 1967 the Swedish Kennel Club again accepted the breed for registration and a new standard was written. Today, the breed is used mostly as a barking bird dog, but it is also effective on small fur bearing animals and can stop Elk for the hunter. The Norrbottenspetz was recognized by the United Kennel Club on January 1, 1996.
: The Norrbottenspetz is a small, compactly built, spitz type dog with dry, powerful muscles. The breed is very well structured and extremely mobile, showing high head carriage and fearlessness. The differences between the sexes are well marked.
: An alert and attentive hunting dog, the Norrbottenspetz is active, kind and self confident. The breed must never be nervous, shy or aggressive.
: The head is strong, dry and wedge shaped.
: Moderately wide and rather flat, with a slightly arched forehead. The superciliary arches should be well marked. The stop is moderate but distinct.
: The muzzle is moderately long and sharply tapering. It should be approximately one-half the length of the entire head. The nasal bridge is straight and the lips are thin, dry and tight.
: The Norrbottenspetz has a complete set of evenly spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite.
: Medium size, almond shaped, and set slightly obliquely. They are dark brown in color and bright, giving a calm, yet energetic, expression.
: High set and stiffly erect, with slightly rounded tips.
: Moderately long, dry and muscular, arched at the crest and carried erect.
: In males, the body is squarish; with females being slightly longer. The depth of the body is about half the height at the withers. The chest is moderately deep and long, with a well developed forechest. Viewed from the side, the forechest should be marked, and the lowest point of the chest should reach just below the elbows. The withers are high, and the back is short, strong, muscular and elastic. The loin is short and broad, and the croup is moderately long and broad and slightly sloping. There is moderate tuck-up.
: Fairly high set and carried in a high curve, loosely curled with the tip touching the side of the upper thigh. The length should not reach below the hock.
: The shoulder blade is long, broad and sloping, with well developed muscles. The upper arm is the same length as the shoulder blade, and should form a marked angle with the shoulder blade. The front assembly is closely fitted to the chest, but still allows for free movement.
: The legs are straight, with lean muscles and strong bone. The elbows point directly backwards. The pasterns are slightly sloping.
: The feet are small and strong, with well arched, tight toes and solid pads.
: The angulation of the pelvis and the upper thigh forms a right angle, matching that of the forequarter.
: The thighs are proportionally long and well muscled. The stifle joint is strong and well angulated. The hock is broad and strong, and the rear pasterns are dry and rather long.
: Gait is smooth, even and ground covering, with strong drive. The topline must remain firm and the hind legs travel parallel to one another.
: Hard, short, straight and close fitting, with a dense undercoat. The coat is short on the face, skull, ears and fronts of legs, and longer on the neck, back of thighs and underside of tail.
: All colors are permitted, but the preferred color is white with yellow or red/brown markings.
: Ideal height at the withers for males is 18 inches; for females it is 16.5 inches. There is a tolerance of 1 inch, but dogs clearly oversize are to be faulted.
Teeth: Clearly over or under shot bite.
Nose: Liver or flesh colored nose.
Eyes: Eyes that are too large, round or protruding. Yellow or amber colored eyes.
Ears: Soft, long or bat like ears. Ears not stiffly erect.
Tail: A tail that is never carried over the back.
Coat: Soft, overly long, wavy or curly coats. Lack of undercoat.
Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid. Viciousness or extreme shyness. Bob tail. Albinism.


Trenbolone is nandrolone derivative. It has several commonly used esters, trenbolone acetate is the most well-known, trenbolone enathate is the most soft for usage and very similar by it's effects to Parabolan Depot (Trenbolone Cyclohexahydrobenzylcarbonate). This substance is very powerful Class I steroid with strong androgenic properties and no aromatization sides. Trenbolone acetate half-life is around one-two days. Also, it increases IGF-1 levels in the blood thus leading to muscle hyperplasia.
It's important during pre-competition cycles. However, it shows fat-burn properties only with non-aromatized drugs like methenolone, oxandrolone or drostanolone and stanozolol.
A good dosage for the beginners and advanced users is 50 mg daily. For sportsmen who are 10 and more kgs. over natural limits preferred dosage is 100 mg daily.
Oral parabolan (Trenbolone cyclohexahydrobenzylcarbonate) dosage should be no less than 75 mg, preferably 100-125 mg.
Trenbolone is not fat-burner but very strong androgenic anabolic steroid, which is three times stronger mg per mg comparing to testosterone. This is true, however, only to androgenic activities. To obtain good anabolic effects a Class II steroid such as Dianabol or Anadrol should be added to the stack.
Trenbolone has a unique property of effective standalone usage but it's also well stacks with many other drugs, in such case dosage may be reduced accordingly. It's mass-gaining effects are less than testosterone, so test is the first choice to stack for a bulking cycle. In veterinary trenbolone is often combined with estradiol for fast muscle growth. For definition, one should add stanozolol and exclude any aromatized drugs i.e. exclude estradiol.
Androgen-related sides like oily skin, aggressive behavior, acne and hair loss may occur.
17-alpha alkylated trenbolone version is called methyl-rienolone, it's no longer manufactured due to extremely bad impact on the liver. Trenbolone acetate, enanthate and cyclohexylmethylcarbonate (parabolan) side effects are quite low.
Despite of some rumors, it has no negative effects on kidneys. Decrease in aerobic capacity is the most common complaint with Trenbolone acetate, it's less visible with enanthate version.
There are reports of sexual dysfunction (which can be subsided if you stack Trenbolone with testosterone) and gynocomastia. Gynocomastia symptoms include bloating and an increase in breast tissue. On the opposite note, it's not necessarily a great choice for women because it can have strong virilization effects on women.
It can also lower thyroid levels, so it's important to take a T3 to minimize the effects of this. Coughs, insomnia and night sweats and decreased cardiovascular capacity are also common.
If you are a woman, using tren is a horrible idea. Way too androgenic.