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text:
Kamal Hassan makes derogatory comments about Hindu deities
TOPICS:Dravidian PoliticsHindus Under AttackKamal HassanTamil Nadu
BY: MahaKrishnan December 24, 2020
After refusing to accept poorna kumbham offered by temple priests as a token of respect, actor turned politician Kamal Hassan has made a controversial remark about Hindu deities' vigrahas now. Hassan, in a recent political meetings-cum-campaign for the upcoming assembly elections, spoke about women empowerment. He started off saying the main issue women face today is sexual harassment and rape. He said that males try to blame it on women by saying that "women dress provocatively" and that men force themselves upon women even though they know the boundaries and they cross them intentionally.
To prove his point about males being the ones at fault here, he made a crass comment about the idols of Hindu deities. He said "Even idols wear revealing clothes. Heck! There are some that don't wear any clothes at all..but how can one feel that way (to harass sexually) about my elder and younger sisters if he doesn't feel that way there (about the idols).
Kamal Hassan who likes to portray himself as an atheist likes to pass derogatory comments about Sanatana Dharma, its Bhagwans, and practices as it has been made a norm by Dravidian organizations. But it always surprises the public as Kamal Hassan is a Brahmin, the community which is revered for its devotion and spiritual service towards the deities and temples.
The actor's past provides a glimpse into what could have made him thus. Kamal Hassan, when he was trying to get into the cine field through dance programs met with an accident and lost his career for a brief period. At that time he needed both an earning and a window to get back to the field.
Enter the ever subtle yet determined in its efforts, the church. He got to know someone from the Christian community who suggested that he join the Christian arts and communication center. He followed the advice and propagated Christianity in his own words as he said to Karan Thapar in an interview.
The reminiscence of the same thing could be seen in another video where he spoke at an event at IIT. He revealed that he believed in Christianity as much as he believed in his own religion and that he started looking at his religious beliefs in retrospect with the beliefs associated with Christianity.
In another casual interview tv program with his niece Anu Hassan, he nonchalantly compared having intercourse and wedding night with a person's religious beliefs. He said religious beliefs should be limited to one's house like sex. He also claimed that people were dying due to Ganesh Chaturthi visarjan as it has become a pompous affair now and made fun of Ganesha.
Kamal Hassan's elder brother Chaaru Hassan went a step ahead and acted in movies propagating Christianity and sharing the gospel. The movie was produced to target the Brahmin community and Chaaru Hassan was used to claim that the supreme power talked about in the Vedas is Jesus Christ. There are instances where he said that the two great itihasas Ramayana and Mahabharata shouldn't be taught in educational institutions.
Hassan's eldest brother Chandra Hassan, a Christian convert, was buried as per Christian practices with a proper funeral service held in a church. In the service, his daughter Anu spoke that "he was always a British at heart" and that "he never gave up his British citizenship". He is buried somewhere in England.
Coming back to Kamal Hassan, in his cine career, as a budding actor, he was well known for his choice of movies that were beyond just vulgar for that time period. At first, he married his co-actor and dancer Vani Ganapathy with whom he lived for ten years.
Then he started having a relationship with fellow actress Sarika while being married to Vani and they married only after their first daughter Shruti, now an actress herself was born. Both women stopped acting after marriage and worked with Kamal as his costume designer and in his production company.
Hassan filed for divorce from Sarika in 2002 and started living-in with Gautami who was his co-star in many movies. This was at the time when both of their kids were teenagers. Gautami also separated from Kamal stating that "she had to do it for her daughter's welfare". It is rumored that Kamal misbehaved with Gautami's daughter which caused the separation.
Apart from this, he had an amorous relationship with many women and fellow actresses unofficially. Recently during the #MeToo movement, he was accused of kissing the lead actress Rekha without her consent in the movie Punnagai Mannan. She was 16 then and revealed later that she wasn't informed about the kissing scene and felt uncomfortable during the shooting. She was told by the associate directors to think of it as "a big king kissing a small child". Kamal Hassan is yet to reply to this charge.
With such a past and background that Hassan had the audacity to speak for women empowerment by comparing and casting a lusty eye on the vigrahas of Hindu deities, Tirumeni as they are so lovingly called in Tamil literally meaning 'the respectable body', is but a travesty and as the wise would say an effect of Kaliyuga.
(Featured Image Source: Times Now)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lemon Kush is a very fresh and citrusy strain of marijuana. It is interesting to learn about the specifications of this strain. There is disputed information regarding the genetics of lemon Kush. One of the views states that it is a cross between Master Kush and Lemon Joy. These combinations vary with different breeders. According to the data of breeder Alien Genetics, Lemon Kush is a hybrid strain obtained by a cross between Lemon G and Afghan Kush. Lemon Kush is a perfect hybrid with an equal balance of Indica and Sativa. The most unique feature of this strain is the THC level which is very high almost 26%.
The genetics of the plant may be disputed but what is universal to this strain is its enticing smell and flavor. The sweet lemony flavors blend beautifully with the earthy taste of Kush. This fresh taste is attributed to the high amount of Limonene found in it. D-Limonene is found naturally in citrusy fruits and is used synthetically by many companies in their products to bring about a fresh aroma and smell. It smells as good as it tastes and if you get your hands on it one time, you are sure to come back for more.
The plant is tall with greenish buds all over. The nugget like buds have a whitish coating on the trichomes. The bud structure is dense and tightly packed which is typical of Indica plants. The resin within the buds is rather sticky and so it is tough to break them apart by hand. When the buds are cracked using a grinder, a special sweet and lemony scent releases and fills the air. This frosting covered on the buds is responsible for the uplifted and creative mood that comes on with lemon kush.
Lemon Kush can be grown easily by first time growers too. It is known to grow best in indoor conditions. When grown outdoors the plants will thrive in a warm and Mediterranean climate. The average height of the plant will be 4 to 6 feet tall with a bushy and Indica shape. The best way to grow lemon kush is in organic soil along with nutrient supplements like Vitamin B, humic acid and enzymes. The average flowering time is 8 to 10 weeks. They are harvested in the month of September and October. The plants need adequate ventilation and a good airflow in order to grow properly.
The yield of the plant is 35 ounces per plant when grown outdoors. The indoor yield is only 18 ounces per meter square. Lemon Kush is a generally low maintainance strain that will give you great yields provided the growing conditions are met with. When growing it you will be floored with its delicious flavors and smells that fill the air around. The potent buds smell very divine and offer a pleasant high.
Let us now understand how a smoke of lemon kush feels like. Lemon kush flavors are noticeable and harsh. The smoke at times expands within the lungs and brings on some amount of coughing. It has a tangy after taste. However the ammonia and diesel like tinge that is commonly seen in other lemon based strains is absent here. The effects of lemon kush are mainly because of its high THC level and the high that you can expect here is a relaxed and easy going one rather than a strong and stoned high.
The high from Lemon Kush begins slowly and takes upto 10 minutes to fully set in. Creativity flows and you begin to get newer ideas and your body begins to loosen up. There is a rapid free association of thoughts and this is what makes it a classic strain for artistic look outs and creative writing. It is a perfect choice for those who want to spice up their imaginative powers. Filmmakers, musicians and artists could make the most of it. The high levels of THC make it a very strong smoke and so it is recommended for experienced users. First time users should tread with caution so that they are not over dosed with its strong effects.
The effects of lemon kush on the mind are clearheaded and the user does not zone out or feel spacey. The couch lock feeling is absent here and so that you can have a smoke and still be up and about doing your daily chores. Lemon Kush is best enjoyed during the day or evening. Lemon Kush also has known to provide relief from headaches that are stress related and chronic. You will also end up feeling positive and more optimistic about life. One of the identified side effect or less desirable effect is dryness of mouth or cottonmouth.
This vast scope of action makes lemon kush a perfect medical marijuana strain for patients all over the world. The doses required in such cases needs to be carefully assessed as you might need larger doses to heal these conditions.
Other ways of taking lemon kush apart from smoking it is tinctures, edibles and candies. Those who are looking up to this strain for mood disorders and depression need to tread with caution because lemon kush is a THC rich strain and sometimes excessive amounts of THC can lead to paranoia and anxiety. So when handling potent THC rich strains, exercise caution and use the doses in moderation. These tips will help you to avoid the negative effects of the strain.
It is very important to keep in mind that if you take marijuana then you alone are responsible for its effects. Hence be cautious about the dosage and the strain that you choose. When using it for medical benefits, always do so with the advice of a registered medical practitioner.
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There is a lot that goes into making your trip a pleasant and safe one, so if you're considering taking one of Zara's horse riding holidays this winter, it's a good idea to get started right away. Here's a quick look at why booking early is important, as well as some of the things you'll need to do before your trip.
Horse riding holidays in some of the top destinations book well in advance. For example, the Masai Mara in Kenya, so if you choose to go on Tristan's Masai Mara safari for this purpose, you'll want to book a full year in advance. Other destinations have more leeway, but you should still book several months in advance if you want to be sure you'll have a spot on the trip and receive the accommodations of your choosing.
Without a doubt, a lot of planning goes into horse riding holidays. You'll need to schedule time off work, arrange care for animals at home, make arrangements for your children if they won't be accompanying you, and much more. You may also need to have a check-up with your physician to be able to travel. This is an absolute must if you have a medical condition, are travelling to a remote location, or are going on an especially challenging tour.
Most people stay up-to-date on the recommended vaccinations for their country, but each region has unique risks. For example, you may not be able to travel to parts of South America and Africa if you cannot prove you have had a Yellow Fever vaccination. Depending on where your intended destination is, where you're coming from, and what your medical history entails, certain vaccines may be recommended or even necessary. If you're in the UK, you can check out the general guidelines on the Travel Immunisations page of the NHS website. Ireland's HSE has a similar dedicated page.
It's no secret that airlines increase their rates all the time. They use sophisticated algorithms to try and maximise what they earn on each flight. Though flight prices will fluctuate quite a bit from the moment a seat is made available until the flight leaves, the best time to get seats is early- before demand has a chance to drive up the costs.
We do everything we can to make planning horse riding holidays simple and quick, and are glad to help you if you have any questions about which trips are suitable for you and your companions, as well as what options are available for each holiday. Feel free to send us a message if you'd like assistance or begin planning your horse riding holiday by searching through our available trips.


text:
The Government of the Czech Republic from April 25, 2005 to September 4, 2006 was formed by coalition of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), the Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-ČSL) and the Freedom Union - Democratic Union (US-DEU). Two members of the cabinet were women.

Czech government cabinets
Czech Social Democratic Party
KDU-ČSL
Freedom Union – Democratic Union
Coalition governments of the Czech Republic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to count number of function calls in Erlang? I have one function on my Erlang server which posts data to web service. This web service requires the counter (how much times it was called). I don't really know why they need it but it's crucial.
I can't use the external DB for some reasons. So I need to have some global variable stored on the server permanently. I thought about saving counter to a file, extracting and incrementing it every time function is called.
Is there more efficient way to achieve my goal?
EDIT
The function may be called from many different clients at the same time, so this adds another problem: If 3 clients call the function simultaneously, function will increment the counter only once and I will get an error. How do I make the function wait for another one to finish and then execute?
Thanks in advance.

A:
If 3 clients call the function simultaneously, function will increment the counter only once and I will get an error. How do I make the function wait for another one to finish and then execute?

I would use a simple counter built with gen_server and only access the counter on the disk from it. Using a gen_server like this would ensure you never get a file access race condition.
Here's something to get you started:
-module(file_counter).
-export([start_link/0, start/0, increment/0]).
-behaviour(gen_server).
-export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2, terminate/2, code_change/3]).

start_link() ->
    gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [], []).

start() ->
    gen_server:start({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [], []).

increment() ->
    gen_server:call(?MODULE, increment).

init([]) ->
    {ok, "file_counter.txt"}.

handle_call(increment, _From, File) ->
    Counter = case file:read_file(File) of
        {ok, Binary} -> binary_to_integer(Binary);
        {error, enoent} -> 0
    end,
    ok = file:write_file(File, integer_to_binary(Counter + 1)),
    {reply, Counter, File}.

handle_cast(_Req, State) ->
    {noreply, State}.

handle_info(_Info, State) ->
    {noreply, State}.

terminate(_Reason, _State) ->
    ok.

code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) ->
    {ok, State}.

Demo:
1> c(file_counter).
{ok,file_counter}
2> file_counter:start_link().
{ok,<0.40.0>}
3> file_counter:increment().
0
4> file_counter:increment().
1
5> file_counter:increment().
2
6> [ spawn_link(file_counter, increment, []) || _ <- lists:seq(1, 9998) ].
[<0.45.0>,<0.46.0>,<0.47.0>,<0.48.0>,<0.49.0>,<0.50.0>,
 <0.51.0>,<0.52.0>,<0.53.0>,<0.54.0>,<0.55.0>,<0.56.0>,
 <0.57.0>,<0.58.0>,<0.59.0>,<0.60.0>,<0.61.0>,<0.62.0>,
 <0.63.0>,<0.64.0>,<0.65.0>,<0.66.0>,<0.67.0>,<0.68.0>,
 <0.69.0>,<0.70.0>,<0.71.0>,<0.72.0>,<0.73.0>|...]
7> file_counter:increment().
10001

Just call file_counter:increment() before making each call and use the value returned by it as the count.
Edit: This is just a quick module I wrote. You should probably make the file name configurable by passing it to start, start_link, and init, as well as not register the process with a name if you want to be able to run multiple copies of the counter. The code here is really a POC to get you started.
(On a system with an SSD disk, I was able to execute file_counter:increment() about 5000 times per second.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The new children's book House of Secrets was written by a first-time novelist but there are already predictions that it will be a runaway bestseller. The author, Chris Columbus, has had a firm finger on the pulse of pre-teens ever since Macaulay Culkin was left home alone to defend the house from bumbling burglars. Best known as a film-maker, Columbus directed that 1990 comedy as well as other blockbusters including Mrs Doubtfire and the first two Harry Potter films. He is the undisputed king of family films.
JK Rowling describes House of Secrets as a "break-neck, jam-packed, rollercoaster of an adventure". The story – about the adventures of Eleanor and Brendan Walker (named after two of Columbus's four children), and their sister, Cordelia – is an engrossing page-turner and the writers have been commissioned to deliver a trilogy. "Jo [Rowling] loved it," says Columbus, who sent his friend an early manuscript. "Why would I not go to her? She wrote me a long email and said: 'It is too fast-paced. You've got to slow down, deepen the characters, work on the complexity.' We took her advice to heart.
Columbus bounds into the room to greet me with the same energy as his dog, an affectionate Pomeranian called Gizmo (named after the creature in the 1984 film Gremlins, for which he wrote the screenplay). Wearing black-framed glasses, dressed in a purple polo shirt and jeans, the director exudes youthful exuberance.
On a white board behind the desk is a complicated-looking production schedule listing various projects at different stages of development including Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, which is out this summer. (He directed the original 2009 Percy Jackson film.) His cluttered desk is covered with DVDs, books and family photos. Brendan, 20, and Violet, 19, are both at New York University, where Columbus also studied. His eldest daughter, Eleanor, 24, a recent NYU film school graduate, is working for him in a new company set up to foster young filmmakers.
Columbus was responsible for casting Harry Potter, including the three central stars – Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint. He says he learned a sobering lesson about child actors from his experience with the notoriously troubled Culkin clan, making Home Alone. "I was much younger and I was really too naive to think about the family environment as well. We didn't know that much about the family at the beginning; as we were shooting, we learned a little more. The stories are hair-raising. I was casting a kid who truly had a troubled family life. With Potter, I realised that you have to cast the family as well." None of his own children, incidentally, lean towards acting, although Eleanor played Susan Bones in Harry Potter and has appeared in several other films.
Any advice for Culkin, now 32? "He should take a lesson from Daniel Radcliffe, who has got away from the partying side and devoted his life to doing good, solid work. That's what's healthy about being in England and not being in Los Angeles," he says.
"Actually I think Dan is going to be the new Ron Howard," he says, referring to the Oscar-winning director and former Happy Days child star.
Columbus, an only child, was born in Spangler, Pennsylvania. His father was a coal miner, his mother, Irene, worked in a factory. When he was three the family moved to Ohio "for the promise of a better life" when Alex Columbus got a job in an aluminium factory. "You're above ground so you don't have the promise of black lung or the mines caving in so that really was a step up. My father always said, 'Don't ever do a job that you hate,' which meant that he hated his job.
"I grew up with very little but the only things I cared about were books, comics and movies, which were relatively cheap entertainment back then," says Columbus, who won a scholarship to NYU and fell in love with films.
At the end of his first year, however, "I stupidly forgot to renew my scholarship by signing a few slips of paper, so I had to work in the factory that entire summer." He wrote 20 pages of a screenplay while working the nightshift, "writing between giant rolls of aluminium, hiding from my foreman. It was pure incentive to get the hell out of there." His teacher at NYU passed the work on to an agent who took him on. "It saved my life. I benefited from the terrifying reality I faced of having to live and work in that factory for the rest of my life in that town, if I didn't make it.


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Newbury is a civil parish and the principal town in the west of the county of Berkshire.
Newbury is situated on the River Kennet and the Kennet and Avon Canal.
Newbury is best known for its racecourse and the adjoining former USAF airbase at Greenham Common.
The civil parish of Newbury consists of the town, and the suburbs of Wash Common, the City, West Fields, East Fields and Speenhamland.
The modern conurbation of Newbury, however, also takes in the surrounding villages of Speen, Donnington, Shaw and Greenham.
Today, Newbury has a population of about 32,000.
Newbury serves as the major commercial and retail centre of West Berkshire.
The River Kennet and the Kennet and Avon Canal flow through Newbury.
Newbury is surrounded on three sides (north, west and south) by the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Newburyis home to the UK headquarters of the mobile network operator Vodafone.
As well as Vodafone, Newbury is also home to the UK headquarters of the pharmaceutical company Bayer AG.
The Kennet and Avon Canal runs through the middle of Newbury.
Newbury is situated on the River Kennet, the valley of which has always formed an important east–west transport route.
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text:
Why Viridian Sciences
State Compliance Archive
Watch An Overview
By Pace LaVia • February 4, 2019
California Cannabis Regulations: License Applications, Forms, Links, and Other Resources
Cannabis, as we all well know, ranks among the most highly regulated industries in the world — even more so than pharmaceuticals, tobacco, and alcohol. And California ranks as one of the most regulatory-heavy states in the U.S. Put the two together, and add in the fact that the system has been in flux for many years, and you've got a recipe for confusion and chaos. Regulatory compliance and reporting, although complicated, are certainly not impossible in California.
California's cannabis regulations have been in a constant state of change as regulators and operators work to transition between emergency rules put in place in Dec. 2017 and permanent rules that were instituted at the end of Jan. 2019 when the California Office of Administrative Law (OAL) finally approved rules submitted by three state agencies.
These approved regulations are the culmination of more than two years of hard work by California's cannabis licensing authorities. Public feedback was invaluable in helping us develop clear regulations for cannabis businesses and ensuring public safety. — BCC Chief, Lori Ajax
Skip to California Cannabis Regulations Resources Section
A Brief History of California Cannabis Regulations
Proposition 215, which legalized the use of medicinal cannabis in California, was approved by voters in 1996. When the proposition passed most regulation was the responsibility of local governments.
Then in 2015, California enacted three bills that collectively established a comprehensive state regulatory framework for the licensing and enforcement of cultivation, manufacturing, retail sale, transportation, storage, delivery and testing of medicinal cannabis in California. This regulatory scheme is known as the Medical Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MCRSA).
Senate Bill 837 built upon the MCRSA framework and added comprehensive environmental safeguards. One such safeguard requires the State Water Resources Control Board, in consultation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife, to adopt principles and guidelines governing the use of water for cannabis cultivation. The goal of the measure is to protect streams and rivers from being polluted by cannabis operations.
In November of 2016, voters approved Proposition 64, the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA) which allows adults 21 years of age or older to legally grow, possess, and use cannabis for non-medicinal purposes. The measure also set in motion a state-regulated cannabis market.
In June 2017, the California State Legislature passed a budget trailer bill that integrated MCRSA with AUMA to create the Medicinal and Adult‐Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MAUCRSA), a single regulatory system which governs the medical and adult use cannabis industry in California.
In December 2017, emergency regulations were adopted by the Bureau. The emergency regulations were readopted in June 2018 when the bureau began to issue temporary licenses for retailers, distributors, testing laboratories, microbusinesses, and event organizers.
Proposed permanent regulations were first proposed in July 2018. A 45-day public comment period was initiated in order to obtain feedback from the public and industry stakeholders. After the Bureau announced changes to the proposed regulations, an additional 15-day comment period commenced.
The final draft of proposed regulations was submitted to the California Office of Administrative Law (OAL) on December 3, 2018, and approved on January 1, 2018.
More than 5,000 cannabis operators now hold licenses in California, which boasts the largest cannabis market in the world.
California Cannabis Oversight Regulatory Agencies
Activities related to cannabis cultivation, production, lab testing, distribution, and retail sales fall under the regulatory watch of three state agencies. Collectively, these agencies are essentially responsible for assuring public health and safety.
These are the three state agencies that oversee the cannabis industry in the state:
California Department of Public Health (CDPH) — regulates cannabis manufacturers
California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) — regulates cultivators
Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC) — regulates distributors, retailers, event organizers, and testing laboratories
California Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC)
The California Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC) is responsible for regulating commercial cannabis operations and licensing retailers, distributors, microbusinesses, testing laboratories, and temporary cannabis events.
MAUCRSA — Medicinal and Adult-Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act
The general framework for the regulation of commercial medicinal and adult-use cannabis in California was put in place under the Medicinal and Adult-Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MAUCRSA), which was mandated upon the passage of Prop. 64 which California voters passed in 2016.
The text of MAUCRSA is available on the California Legislative Information website.
The "permanent" rules which were put in place effective January 16, 2019, consist of 160 pages of rules developed by all three agencies. As we mentioned, these replaced emergency regulations developed to get the ball rolling on Jan. 1, 2018.
There likely will be further regulatory changes to rules governing California's marijuana industry, as bills are beginning to pile up at the state capitol in Sacramento on various cannabis business policies.
Also, the state's new governor, Gavin Newsom, could propose major changes depending on how he approaches regulating the marijuana trade.
Below are links to both the currentcurrently regulations as well as the emergency regulations which are no longer in effect:
California Cannabis Regulations (Effective Jan. 16, 2019)
California Emergency Cannabis Regulations (No Longer In Effect)
Bureau of Cannabis Control – Text of Regulations (Order of Adoption)
California Department of Food and Agriculture – Text of Regulations
California Department of Public Health – Text of Regulations
Final Statement of Reasons and Addendum
An ongoing record of changes to California cannabis regulations can be found here.
Disciplinary Guidelines
The protection of the public is of the highest priority for the Bureau of the BCC. In keeping with its mandate to protect the public, the Bureau has developed guidelines intended to promote consistency in disciplinary orders.
The guidelines are intended for agencies involved in the disciplinary process such as Administrative Law Judges, Deputy Attorneys General, Bureau licensees and their legal counsel, and other interested parties.
Here's what the BCC has to say about this document:
The Bureau requests that the suggested disciplinary orders contained in these guidelines be levied consistently and appropriately, based on the nature and seriousness of the violation(s) confirmed in an administrative action. The Bureau recognizes that mitigating or aggravating circumstances, in addition to other factors, may necessitate departure from these recommended orders and terms of probation… These guidelines do not apply to other alternatives available to the Bureau, such as administrative citations and fines, except in cases where an Accusation has been filed for failure to pay an assessed administrative fine and/or comply with an order of abatement issued by the Bureau.
The disciplinary guidelines can be found here:
California Cannabis Industry Disciplinary Guidelines
NOTE: These guidelines are subject to revision.
California BCC Online Licensing System
The BCC website allows license applicants to easily apply for a commercial cannabis license, submit payments, and track the status of your application.
License Search
California BCC Applications/Forms
Forms and Documents Incorporated by Reference
Notice of Approval of Certificate of Compliance & Form 400
California BCC Educational Material
Navigating the BCC Website
PDF Quick Reference Guide
Registration & Account Management
Temporary to Annual Application Transition
Paying for Fees
The Bureau of Cannabis Control Media Room section of the website provides the latest news and updates to licensees, stakeholders, and consumers.
Licensee & Consumer Information
This section of the BCC website provides state licensing requirements for each individual license type, application forms, licensed cannabis businesses, and public health information.
Microbusinesses
Cannabis Event Organizers
Check a License
Let's Talk Cannabis
Licensing Fact Sheets
Transition Period Fact Sheet
Readoption Summary of Changes
Licensing Information: What You Need To Know
BCC Licensing & Regulation Overview Powerpoint
Cannabis Collectives and Cooperatives Fact Sheet
California's Track and Trace System
On Jan. 15, 2019 the BCC launched a new tracking system which runs on a software platform known as METRC (Marijuana Enforcement Tracking Reporting Compliance). Ten other U.S. states also run their cannabis programs on METRC.
Penalties For Noncompliance
In determining whether revocation, suspension, probation, fine, or a combination is to be imposed in a given case, the BCC considers the following factors:
Nature and severity of the act(s), violations, offenses, or crime(s) under consideration.
Actual or potential harm to the public.
Actual or potential harm to any consumer.
Prior disciplinary and/or administrative record.
The number and/or the variety of current violations.
Mitigating evidence.
Rehabilitation evidence, including but not limited to, a statement of rehabilitation containing any evidence that demonstrates fitness for licensure, or a certificate of rehabilitation under Penal Code section 4852.01.
In case of a criminal conviction, compliance with conditions of the sentence and/or court-ordered probation.
Overall criminal record.
Time passed since the act(s) or offense(s) occurred.
If applicable, evidence of expungement proceedings pursuant to Penal Code Section 1203.4.
Whether the conviction is a felony conviction based on possession or use of cannabis goods that would not be a felony if the person was convicted during the time of licensure.
California Code of Regulations Disciplinary Order Guidelines:
Tier 1 Minimum — revocation stayed, 5 to 15-day suspension, a fine (as determined by the "Fine Formula" below), or a combination of a suspension and fine.
Tier 1 Maximum — revocation Tier 1 discipline is recommended for: violations which are potentially harmful Violations of the following codes are representative of this category:
Violation Description Authority Failure to Pay Appropriate Fees
Failure to Cancel, Destroy, or Surrender License B&P
Failure to Comply with Business Modifications Requirements and Notice
Use of Cannabis Diffuser or Vaporizer on Licensed Premises
Unauthorized Modification of Licensed Premises B&P
Prohibited Distribution or Sale of Cannabis Goods Designated "For Medical Use Only"
Unauthorized Storage of Inventory
Failure to Maintain Records
California Cannabis Testing Requirements
All cannabis harvested on or after December 31, 2018, and all cannabis products manufactured on or after December 31, 2018, are subject to phase three testing. Any cannabis goods harvested or manufactured prior to December 31, 2018, can be sold if they meet the applicable phase one or phase two testing requirements.
Testing Laboratory Fact Sheets
Laboratory Testing Fact Sheet
Required Testing Chart
Testing Laboratory Application Forms
For additional information on cannabis regulations, or to subscribe to email alerts to hear about updates as they become available, please visit the Bureau's website at http://www.bcc.ca.gov/. For information on all three state licensing authorities, please visit the state's California Cannabis Portal at https://cannabis.ca.gov/.
Follow the Bureau on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for daily news and updates.
CannaBusinessLaw.com: California Cannabis Laws by County
ABC News: Dispute over rules riles California's legal pot market
Not Easy Being Green: Legal Pot Brings Environmental Rules
Maricann Announces Appointment of New Chief Financial Officer
Medical marijuana will soon be growing in Texas.
Legal weed is getting cheaper, fast
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Floating action buttons is a mobile first solution that doesn't necessarily transfer to larger screens. It has become largely popular due to the popularity of contemporary web design used in Google's Material Design which features a layer-based UI design.
The benefit of floating action button is that it can be used as a direct button to initiate a next step action. However, often times it is not associated with a primary action, leaving the user confused by the single action button that does not allow them to perform the necessary action.
The latest example we've seen of floating action buttons by Google is in their Google+ redesign. The action seen encourages you to post content, but at the same time it blocks part of the content, making it more of a nuisance for the user. It is also different from the rest of the navigation and is not very functional on larger screens.
For more information on the use of the floating action button references the Material Design specification.


I am a physicist in a French university but my research field is no related to radioactivity measurements. I have an experience of many years of involvement as volunteer in ACRO's activities. I am pleased if this can help Chikurin.
I have a PhD in nuclear physics and have been coordinating ACRO's activities for many years. I am pleased if this can help Chikurin.


text:
Hasluck, Salty Language and Quadrant's Misogyny
SIR: Philip Ayres has written a perceptive review of Geoffrey Bolton's biography of Sir Paul Hasluck (April 2015). Having attended the Canberra book launch in December, and on reading the book thoroughly, I concur with your reviewer. The launch had a certain piquancy as it was distinguished by the presence of the Governor-General, General Sir Peter Cosgrove, who gave more than official authority to the proceedings. Sir Peter served as a junior aide-de-camp to Sir Paul in 1972. As a former diplomat, I have kept a keen interest in the history of Australian diplomacy. The National Archives have surrendered many…
Paul Monk, Roger Nairn, Ray Evans, Bill James,Michael O'Connor, John Thomson
Open Inquiry and Robust Challenge


text:
Q: Is there a R function to have filter inside mainpanel I have a code that has a dataframe inside mainframe. Once I select "ABC" or "DEF", data frame gets displayed but i need to have a filter there. Similar to what we get when we put View(dataobject) in R studio
Unit_Price <- c(60, 49, 40, 61, 64, 60, 59, 54, 62, 69, 70, 42,
                56,61, 61, 61, 58, 51, 48, 65, 49, 49, 41, 48, 52, 46,59, 46, 58,
                43)
Material <- c("tas", "sa", "qld", "nsw", "nsw", "nt", "wa",
              "wa","qld", "vic", "nsw", "vic", "qld", "qld", "sa", "tas","sa",
              "nt", "wa", "vic", "qld", "nsw", "nsw", "wa","sa", "act", "nsw",
              "vic", "vic", "act")
library(shiny)
ui <- fluidPage(
  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(selectInput("x","Supplier name",choices =
                               c("ABC","DEF")),
                 checkboxInput("mean","Mean Prices are"),
                 tableOutput("mean")),
    mainPanel(h6("Here it is"),
              tableOutput("message")
    )
  )
)
server <- function(input, output, session) {
  data <- reactive({
    if (input$x == "ABC") {
      data.frame(Unit_Price, Material)
    } else if (input$x == "DEF")
    {
      data.frame(Material=c("A","B"), Unit_Price=c(7,8))
    }
  })
  output$message <- renderTable({
    data()
  })
  output$mean <- renderTable(rownames = TRUE, {
    req(input$mean)
    df <- data()
    tapply(df$Unit_Price, df$Material, mean)
  })
}
shinyApp(ui, server)

A: You could use the DT package. In its basic version it gives you filters.
Unit_Price <- c(60, 49, 40, 61, 64, 60, 59, 54, 62, 69, 70, 42,
                56,61, 61, 61, 58, 51, 48, 65, 49, 49, 41, 48, 52, 46,59, 46, 58,
                43)
Material <- c("tas", "sa", "qld", "nsw", "nsw", "nt", "wa",
              "wa","qld", "vic", "nsw", "vic", "qld", "qld", "sa", "tas","sa",
              "nt", "wa", "vic", "qld", "nsw", "nsw", "wa","sa", "act", "nsw",
              "vic", "vic", "act")
library(shiny)
ui <- fluidPage(
  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(selectInput("x","Supplier name",choices =
                               c("ABC","DEF")),
                 checkboxInput("mean","Mean Prices are"),
                 tableOutput("mean")),
    mainPanel(h6("Here it is"),
              DT::dataTableOutput("message")
    )
  )
)
server <- function(input, output, session) {
  data <- reactive({
    if (input$x == "ABC") {
      data.frame(Unit_Price, Material)
    } else if (input$x == "DEF")
    {
      data.frame(Material=c("A","B"), Unit_Price=c(7,8))
    }
  })
  output$message <- DT::renderDT({
    data()
  })
  output$mean <- renderTable(rownames = TRUE, {
    req(input$mean)
    df <- data()
    tapply(df$Unit_Price, df$Material, mean)
  })
}
shinyApp(ui, server)

You could also use the argument filter to get some advanced filtering options. Just substitute the following code:
  output$message <- DT::renderDT({
    data()
  },filter = "top")


text:
Q: Open my application from safari when user enters my webpage url I want to know if I can add my website URL (e.g. www.example.com/mypage OR www.example.com/mypage?q=value) in URL scheme of Xcode so that if user types in URL to my website then app opens directly.
I know that custom URL scheme works e.g. 'myapp://'


Bar setting – Similar to the channel setting, it is a circular band of diamonds or gemstones that holds each stone in by a long thin bar, shared between two stones.
Brilliance – Liveliness, or sparkle in a stone when light is reflected from the surface and from the total internal reflection of light.
Brilliant-cut – Brilliant cuts are scientifically found to reflect the most light from within the stone, and often are considered to have the most brilliance of all cuts. A round brilliant-cut diamond has 58 facets. Other brilliant cuts include the heart, oval, marquise and pear shaped.
Cabochon – A facet-less style of cutting that produces a smooth surface. They can be in many shapes, including round with high domes to squares.
Carat – Unit of measure of weight of diamonds and gemstones. One carat is equivalent to 200 milligrams. One carat can also be divided into 100 "points." A .75-carat stone is the same as a 75-point or 3/4-carat stone.
Channel setting – Used most frequently for wedding and anniversary bands, a channel setting will set the stones right next to each other with no metal separating them.
Clarity — A diamond often has natural imperfections, commonly referred to as inclusions, which contribute to its identifying characteristics. Inclusions are found within the diamond, and can be white, black, colorless, or even red or green. Most are undetectable by the human eye, and can only be seen with 10X magnification. Inclusions are ranked on a scale of perfection called clarity.
Color — Diamonds are graded on a color scale established by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). Fancy colors refer to diamonds with hues like pink, blue, green, yellow, and very rarely red. Fancy colors are not included in this color scale and are considered extremely rare.
Crown — This is the upper portion or the top of a diamond.
Culet – The bottom point of the diamond. It may be polished in some stones. Sometimes, a cutter may choose to make the culet a surface instead of a point.
Cushion cut – A mixed-cut diamond shaped like a square pillow.
Cut – Cut refers to the angles and proportions a skilled craftsman creates in transforming a rough diamond into a polished diamond. Based on scientific formulas, a well-cut diamond will internally reflect light from one mirror-like facet to another and, disperse and reflect it through the top of the stone. This results in a display of brilliance and fire. Diamonds that are cut too deep or too shallow lose or leak light through the side or bottom, resulting in less brilliance, and ultimately value.
Diamond – A diamond is the hardest known natural substance. It is crystallized carbon. Diamonds are mined in their rough form and then, cut and polished to reveal their brilliance.
Diamond Grading Reports – There are many recognized gemological laboratories that can grade your diamond for a fee. The most well known is the GIA, Gemological Institute of America.
Emerald shape – A rectangular or square-shaped cut-cornered diamond. A form of step cutting, this cut is favored for diamonds and emeralds, as well as many other stones, when the principle purpose is to enhance color rather than brilliancy. It is also sometimes used to emphasize the absence of color in diamonds.
Facet – Any flat polished surface of a diamond or gemstone. This style of cutting gives the stone many small faces at varying angles to one another. The placement, angle and shape of each facet are carefully planned and executed to show the stone's inherent beauty, fire, color, and brilliance to the fullest advantage.
Feather – A type of inclusion or flaw within a diamond. It is described often as a small crack or fissure.
Fire – Often a term used instead of "dispersion," it is the variety and intensity of rainbow colors seen when light is reflected from a diamond.
Fluorescence – When exposed to ultraviolet light, a diamond may exhibit a more whitish, yellowish or bluish tint, which may imply that the diamond has a property called fluorescence. Diamond grading reports often state whether a diamond has fluorescent properties.
Gemological Institute of America (GIA) – A nonprofit teaching institute considered the standard-bearer in the grading of diamonds and colored gemstones.
Girdle – The outer edge of a cut stone, the dividing line between the crown and the pavilion. Sometimes the girdle is polished and sometimes it is unpolished. Ideally the width of the girdle should be even and proportional to the cut of the stone.
Hardness – Resistance a material offers to scratching or abrasion. Generally measured using the MOHS scale.
Inclusion – "Internal characteristics" apparent to a trained or professional eye at 10x magnification. Inclusions can be bubbles, crystals, carbon spots, feathers, clouds, pinpoints, or other impurities, or even cracks and abrasions. They are what make a diamond so unique, as a fingerprint does for a person.
Illusion setting – This setting is more intricate than others in that it surrounds the stone to make it appear larger.
Luster – The hue and depth of reflection from pearls, opals or other opaque stones.
MOHS Scale – A scale of hardness with numbers from one to ten assigned to ten minerals of increasing hardness from talc to diamonds.
Natural – A diamond characteristic that is part of the surface of a polished diamond that was not cut or polished during the cutting process.
Pave – A type of setting where a number of small stones are set together. It literally means paved with diamonds.
Pavilion – Bottom portion of the stone, under the girdle, measuring to the culet. It is the area below the girdle consisting of 23 facets in the round-brilliant-cut diamond.
Point – Term meaning one-hundredth of a carat — approximately the size of one-half a grain of sand.
Polish – Indicates the care taken by the cutter in shaping and faceting the rough stone into a finished and polished diamond.
Princess cut – A square or sometimes rectangular-shaped modified brilliant-cut diamond.
Prong setting – The metal tip or bead that actually touches the stone and holds it into place. This setting usually consists of four or six prongs that cradle the stone.
Proportion – The proportions of a diamond are very important, so that the maximum amount of light be reflected off and out of a stone. Proportion is the relationship between the angles of the facets of the crown and pavilion.
Radiant cut – A rectangular or square shaped diamond with step-cut and scissor-cut on the crown, and a brilliant-cut on the pavilion.
Refraction – The bending of light rays as they pass through a diamond or gemstone.
Solitaire – A single diamond or stone set by itself in mounting.
Step cut – With rows of facets that resemble the steps of a staircase. The emerald cut and the baguette are examples of the step cut.
Symmetry – Symmetry is the arrangement of the facets and finished angles created by the diamond cutter. Excellent symmetry of a well-cut and well-proportioned diamond can have a great effect on the diamond's brilliance and fire. Grading reports will often state the diamond's symmetry in terms Excellent, Very good, Good, Fair, or Poor.
Table – The top surface of a cut diamond or gemstone.


text:
AIA Praises Ex-Im Bank Reauthorization, Budget Votes
November 2, 2015 November 1, 2015 Doug Messier News 1 Comment
Statement by Aerospace Industries Association President and CEO David F. Melcher on the passage in the House of a bill reauthorizing the Export Import Bank of the United States.
ARLINGTON, Va. (Oct. 28, 2015) — Today's passage of Rep. Fincher's (R-Tenn.) bill in the House marks an important step in reauthorizing the Export Import Bank of the United States. The ExIm Bank is a valuable tool supporting exports in the aerospace and defense industry – the leading export industry in the U.S. manufacturing sector with a trade surplus of nearly $62 billion. We are relieved that common sense has prevailed and the majority has found a way – even using the unconventional "discharge" process – to express its will.
But the work is not yet done. So far, American companies have lost three space payload orders, billions of dollars in commercial airplane sales are at risk, and several companies are talking about moving operations overseas – all because ExIm Bank financing has not been available since July 1. Enough is enough – identical language has now passed in both the House and Senate. Both chambers have expressed their will. We strongly urge House and Senate leadership to join in a cooperative, bipartisan spirit and do the right thing to restore our country's global competitiveness: take the necessary steps to reauthorize the Export-Import Bank.
Budget Deal
Statement by Aerospace Industries Association President and CEO David F. Melcher on the two-year budget deal passing in the House.
ARLINGTON, Va. (Oct. 28, 2015 — AIA is relieved and thankful that the House has passed legislation lifting the Budget Control Act (BCA) caps for fiscal years 2016 and 2017. The deal provides an additional $50 billion for base defense spending over the next two years and substantial increases in Overseas Contingency Operations funding. These are significant increases providing badly-needed funds and some measure of stability to the Department of Defense for the next two years.
Military leaders have been sounding the alarm this year about the increasingly chaotic situation in the Middle East and emboldened military actions by Russia, China, Iran and North Korea. We owe them a debt of gratitude for their candor, expertise and judgment, and also to Congressional leaders who made this increase in funding possible against tall odds. Without that leadership, fiscal year 2016 would have represented the fifth consecutive year of cuts for a military asked to do more in an increasingly unstable world geopolitical situation.
The agreement should also grant substantial relief for non-defense agencies such as the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, NOAA, and the U. S. Coast Guard. These agencies are important for our nation's public safety, economy, and global stature in science, exploration and aerospace technology. The FAA needs funds to upgrade its obsolete air traffic control system and respond to the challenge of integrating unmanned aircraft systems into our skies. NOAA needs funding to improve our prediction of hazardous weather events and help Americans move out of harm's way with greater notice.
In addition, the agreement paves the way for an omnibus appropriations bill in early December that would avoid the specter of a year-long continuing resolution. Equally important, in agreeing on new discretionary caps for fiscal year 2017, the compromise package raises prospects for a smoother appropriations process next year, when the nation turns its focus to Presidential and Congressional elections.
We strongly support this legislation and urge the Senate immediately to take up and pass the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 and send it to the President for his signature.
AIA, Congress, Ex-Im Bank
The Federation Urges Congress to Quickly Pass Commercial Space Act
NSBRI Seeks Countermeasures to Address Risk to Humans in Space


This 2,002 square foot single family home features 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms and is situated on a 6,970 square foot (0.16 acre) lot.
It is located in Las Vegas on 6372 Back Woods Road. The MLS number is 2069682 and the parcel number is 161-03-715-016.
This listing became available on 02-12-2019 and was sold on 03-11-2019 for $290,000.
The full public address for this listing is 6372 Back Woods Road, Las Vegas, Nevada 89142.
6372 Back Woods Road, Las Vegas, Nevada 89142 is a courtesy listing of Sharyn W Mousseau at Homesmart Encore.
I would like more information on buying or selling a home like 6372 Back Woods Road.


text:
Ляху-Наку (рум. Leahu-Nacu) — село у повіті Ясси в Румунії.
 Umineko no Naku Koro ni (яп. うみねこのなく頃に Умінеко но наку коро ні, «Коли плачуть чайки» або «Коли кричать чайки») — серія японських візуальних романів.


text:
Telemixlift, även kallad hybridlift, är en typ av skidlift som är blandad med såväl gondoler som stolar (vanligen är var fjärde eller femte enhet en gondol, och resten stolar). Inom skidområden är detta en relativt ny linbanetyp som populariserats först efter 2002 (även om det innan detta hade tillverkats tre sådana linbanetyper runtom i världen; 1964 i Turkiet, 1986 i Australien och 1995 i USA), och den franska lifttillverkaren Poma var först med att benämna linbanetypen som telemix. Driftmässigt fungerar liften som kopplingsbar stollift/gondolbana, vilken saktar in vid stationerna men har hög vajerhastighet.

Lifttypen gör praktiskt taget att nybörjare, barn och personer utan skidor enkelt och säkert kan åka med gondolerna, medan skidåkare inte behöver ta av sig skidorna genom att använda stolarna. För säker på- och avstigning har stationerna separata på- och avstigsplatser för gondoler och stolar.

Den första telemixliften i Sverige blev VM8:an i Åre, byggd år 2006, vilken också blev världens första telemixlift med den stora kapaciteten åtta personer i både stolar och gondoler. 2010 byggdes världens första 8/10-sitsiga telemix (8-stol och 10-gondol) i Mayrhofen, Österrike, som därmed blev störst exemplar. Dess stolar är dessutom utrustade med vindskyddshuvar. 2017 byggdes en 6/8-sitsig telemixlift i Hemavan.

Referenser
Telemixliftar på Lift-World

Skidliftar
Linbanor


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Fourth Circuit › 1990 › United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Carl Simpson, A/k/a Shawn Davidson, Defendant-appel...
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United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Carl Simpson, A/k/a Shawn Davidson, Defendant-appellant, 910 F.2d 154 (4th Cir. 1990)
US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit - 910 F.2d 154 (4th Cir. 1990)
Argued June 8, 1990. Decided Aug. 7, 1990
Charles James Maxfield, argued, Dunn, McCormack, MacPherson & Maxfield, Fairfax, Va., for defendant-appellant.
Paul George Cassell, argued, Asst. U.S. Atty., Alexandria, Va. (Henry E. Hudson, U.S. Atty., Marcus J. Davis, Sp. Asst. U.S. Atty., Alexandria, Va., on brief), for plaintiff-appellee.
Before ERVIN, Chief Judge, HALL, Circuit Judge, and MICHAEL, United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia (sitting by designation).
K.K. HALL, Circuit Judge:
Carl Simpson, a/k/a Shawn Davidson, appeals his convictions for unlawfully possessing a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), and attempting to board an aircraft with a concealed weapon, in violation of 49 U.S.C. § 1472(l) . Finding that the trial court committed prejudicial error in admitting certain evidence, we reverse.
On April 22, 1989, Simpson, along with three companions, entered the North Terminal of Washington National Airport, headed for the gate to the Pan Am shuttle flight to New York City. To reach the gate, the group had to pass through a security checkpoint consisting of a magnetometer and an x-ray machine. The rest of the group passed through the checkpoint without incident; Simpson, however, was not so fortunate. To get through the magnetometer, he was forced to empty his pockets, revealing over $450 in cash. An x-ray of two shopping bags that he was carrying revealed a suspicious looking metallic object. Security personnel emptied the bags and searched the contents. They discovered a fully loaded and cocked .25 caliber Beretta pistol wrapped in red cloth and tucked in the pocket of a pair of pants. Unaware that the gun had been discovered, Simpson admitted that the shopping bags were his. His companions quickly left and were eventually located at the departure gate for the New York shuttle. They were briefly questioned and then released. Simpson was arrested.
Besides the currency, a post-arrest search produced a small bottle of amyl nitrate ("rush"). A later search uncovered a trace amount of suspected marijuana residue in one of Simpson's jacket pockets.1 Upon questioning, Simpson told police that his name was Shawn Simpson, that he was born in Brooklyn, New York, and that he was a juvenile. Shortly thereafter, police determined his true identity to be Carl Simpson, an adult citizen of Jamaica.
In pretrial proceedings, Simpson sought to exclude from trial, inter alia, his Jamaican citizenship, the marijuana residue, the bottle of rush, and the currency. He argued that this evidence had little to do with the crimes charged, proof of which hinged on his knowing possession of a gun, and its admission would be unfairly prejudicial. The government contended that the evidence was highly probative because it would indirectly prove that appellant was in knowing possession of a gun by showing that he met the drug courier profile2 and that drug couriers frequently carry guns for protection. The district court excluded the bottle of rush, but ruled that Simpson's Jamaican citizenship, the money, and the marijuana residue were admissible.
At trial, Simpson's defense was that someone else planted the gun in his shopping bag and that, even though he was entering the Pan Am shuttle gate area, he never intended to board a plane. This defense was not without support. At the time of his arrest, Simpson did not have a plane ticket and, other than the two shopping bags, he was carrying no luggage. The prosecution successfully pursued its drug courier theory of the case, introducing all of the disputed evidence. Over Simpson's renewed objection, an FBI agent offered expert testimony on the modus operandi of drug traffickers, and his opinion that Simpson's possession of a relatively large amount of cash, a recreational drug (marijuana), and, of course, a gun, all fit the drug courier profile. He further testified that New York was a source city for narcotics, that couriers typically travel by air, and that they often purchase their tickets with cash. An airport security officer also testified that shuttle tickets can be purchased at the gate. On cross-examination, the agent admitted that there was no substantive evidence of Simpson's having ever engaged in drug trafficking. In its instructions to the jury, the trial court cautioned that the drug courier evidence should only be considered as it pertained to the gun charges. Simpson was convicted on both counts.
At sentencing, Simpson moved for acquittal on the 49 U.S.C. § 1472(l) conviction, contending that there was insufficient evidence to show an attempt to board an aircraft. The district court denied the motion and Simpson was sentenced to two concurrent 57-month sentences. This appeal followed.
Appellant challenges the trial court's admission into evidence of his Jamaican citizenship, the currency, and the testimony concerning the marijuana residue and the drug courier profile. He argues that, without any substantive proof of drug trafficking activity on his part, the government used this evidence to depict him as a drug courier and to prejudice the jury on the only contested issues of the case--his knowing possession of the gun and his attempt to board an aircraft. Appellant also contends that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of attempting to board an aircraft with a concealed weapon. We take up these issues in turn.
We analyze appellant's challenge to the admission of the disputed evidence under Fed.R.Evid. 403:3
Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.
As we have repeatedly held, the decision whether to admit evidence under this rule is one left to the sound discretion of the trial court. We will not upset such a decision except under "the most 'extraordinary' of circumstances," where that discretion has been plainly abused. United States v. Heyward, 729 F.2d 297, 301 n. 2 (4th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1105, 105 S. Ct. 776, 83 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1985) (quotation omitted), cited in United States v. Tindle, 808 F.2d 319, 327 n. 6 (4th Cir. 1986), later appeal, 860 F.2d 125 (4th Cir. 1988), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 109 S. Ct. 3176, 104 L. Ed. 2d 1038 (1989). Such an abuse occurs only when it can be said that the trial court acted "arbitrarily" or "irrationally" in admitting evidence. United States v. Masters, 622 F.2d 83, 88 (4th Cir. 1980); Garraghty v. Jordan, 830 F.2d 1295, 1298 (4th Cir. 1987).
This broadly deferential standard makes clear that we are reluctant to question a trial court's judgment under Rule 403, and for good reason. "Trial judges are much closer to the pulse of a trial than ... [we] can ever be [and] 'broad discretion' is necessarily accorded them." Tindle, 808 F.2d at 327 n. 6, quoting United States v. Juarez, 561 F.2d 65, 71 (7th Cir. 1977); see also Morley v. Cohen, 888 F.2d 1006, 1011 (4th Cir. 1989) (appellate review of Rule 403 decision demands judicial self-restraint). Nonetheless, when, after review of the record, we are left with a firm conviction that an abuse of discretion has occurred that has worked to the prejudice of a defendant, we must reverse. We find that the trial court's admission of the testimony concerning the drug courier profile and the marijuana residue ("drug courier" testimony) was such an abuse of discretion.
In reaching this conclusion, we are mindful of the strong preference for admitting probative evidence, and that, in reviewing the trial court's decision, we must "look at the evidence in a light most favorable to its proponent, maximizing its probative value and minimizing its prejudicial effect." Mullen v. Princess Anne Volunteer Fire Co., Inc., 853 F.2d 1130, 1135 (4th Cir. 1988). In this regard, the government argues that the probative value of the drug courier testimony is high because it shows that appellant meets the drug courier profile and, therefore, tends to show that he is a courier. Consequently, the government maintains it also tends to show that appellant might have had a motive for carrying a gun. Simply to state this argument reveals its tenuity.
When coupled with other corroborating circumstances, the drug courier profile is a powerful investigative tool used, inter alia, to develop reasonable suspicion to support a Terry stop (Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S. Ct. 1868, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889 (1968)) of a suspected drug trafficker. See Reid v. Georgia, 448 U.S. 438, 439-41, 100 S. Ct. 2752, 2753-54, 65 L. Ed. 2d 890 (1980). However, proof that a person fits the profile, unsupported by evidence of drug trafficking, proves nothing.4 United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 109 S. Ct. 1581, 1586, 104 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1989). As the Supreme Court has noted, the profile easily fits innocent travellers as well as drug traffickers. Reid, 448 U.S. at 441, 100 S. Ct. at 2754; Sokolow, 109 S. Ct. at 1586. Thus, the government's claim as to the probative value of this testimony is grossly exaggerated. If there were any evidence linking appellant to the drug trade, the probative value of this testimony might more closely resemble the government's representations. The government, however, has come forth with no such evidence.5 Consequently, the probative value of this evidence in this gun charge trial is indeed limited.
This de minimis relevance was substantially outweighed by the highly prejudicial impact that the insinuation of drug crimes had in this trial. Of course, all relevant evidence is prejudicial; Rule 403 is concerned only with limiting "unfair" prejudice. Mullen, 853 F.2d at 1134. In Mullen, we characterized "unfair prejudice" as "the possibility that the evidence will excite the jury to make a decision on the basis of a factor unrelated to the issues properly before it." Id. The drug courier testimony presented precisely this danger. The relevant issues in dispute at appellant's trial were his knowing possession of a gun and his intent to board the shuttle to New York. The drug courier testimony had very little probative value to offer on these issues while the government made appellant's status as a drug courier the centerpiece of its case. Under these circumstances, the inherent risk of inflaming the jury, and of misleading it into focusing on the government's unsubstantiated and uncharged allegations of drug crimes, was unacceptably high. The government's use of the drug courier profile at trial transformed this powerful tool of law enforcement into an instrument of unjust accusation. Our review of the record leaves us firmly convinced that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the drug courier testimony.
The government argues that in the face of the convincing evidence of appellant's guilt and the trial court's limiting instruction, the error in admitting this evidence was harmless. We disagree. To be sure, errors under Rule 403 are subject to the harmless error test: "whether it is probable that the error could have affected the verdict reached by the particular jury in the particular circumstances of the trial." United States v. Morison, 844 F.2d 1057, 1078 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 908, 109 S. Ct. 259, 102 L. Ed. 2d 247 (1988). However, we find such a probability here. The thrust of the government's case was that appellant was an armed drug courier en route to the source city of New York. Our ruling under Rule 403 eviscerates this theory of the case entirely. Appellant's guilt on the gun charges must be determined absent unfounded accusations of drug trafficking. We have no difficulty concluding that the trial court's error, which resulted in the entire trial being based on this erroneous and prejudicial premise, probably had an effect on the jury's verdicts. Accordingly, we reverse these convictions and remand for further proceedings.
We agree with the government, however, that appellant's challenge to the evidence of his Jamaican citizenship and the substantial amount of cash he was carrying at the time of his arrest is meritless. Removed from the drug courier context in which these facts were originally introduced, they easily pass Rule 403 muster. Both are highly relevant. The money shows that appellant had the means to purchase a ticket to board the Pan Am shuttle. Appellant's Jamaican citizenship may show a manifestation of his consciousness of guilt when he lied about his true identity. United States v. Kalish, 690 F.2d 1144, 1155 (5th Cir. 1982), cert. denied 459 U.S. 1108, 103 S. Ct. 735, 74 L. Ed. 2d 958 (1983). Likewise, neither is unfairly prejudicial. There is nothing unfair about showing that appellant had the financial means to attempt to board the plane or in showing that he lied about his identity when caught with the gun in his possession. Upon retrial, if the government again seeks to introduce this evidence, Rule 403 does not stand in its way.
Lastly, even though we reverse appellant's convictions on Rule 403 grounds, it is still necessary to reach his claim of insufficient evidence of an attempt to board an aircraft. As the Supreme Court made clear in Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1, 18, 98 S. Ct. 2141, 2150-51, 57 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1978), if he were to prevail on this claim, the double jeopardy clause would bar his retrial on the charge of violating 49 U.S.C. § 1472(l) . In Lockhart v. Nelson, 488 U.S. 33, 109 S. Ct. 285, 102 L. Ed. 2d 265 (1988), the Court held that this bar does not arise unless all the evidence considered by the jury, both admissible and inadmissible, is insufficient to support its verdict. See also Palmer v. Grammer, 863 F.2d 588, 593-94 (8th Cir. 1988). Thus, in assessing the evidence of appellant's guilt, we must consider the erroneously admitted drug courier testimony. Further, we must find the evidence sufficient if any rational trier of fact could have reached the same conclusion as did appellant's jury. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). The government's case easily passes this test.
Even absent the improper drug courier evidence, the government showed that: appellant is a resident of the New York City area; he was apprehended while en route to the departure gate for the Pan Am shuttle to New York; he was carrying sufficient cash to purchase a shuttle ticket; after his arrest, the group he was travelling with went on to the shuttle's departure area; and appellant lied about his true identity. Taken in the light most favorable to the government, this evidence is sufficient to show an attempt to board the shuttle. Thus, there is no double jeopardy bar to appellant's retrial on the 49 U.S.C. § 1472(l) charge.
In sum, we find that the trial court erred under Fed.R.Evid. 403 in admitting the drug courier testimony and that this error was not harmless. Accordingly, we reverse these convictions and remand for further proceedings.
The amount of this residue was so small that it could not be field tested. An FBI agent testified at trial that the residue was "a greenish-brown leafy substance containing some stems and also some seeds" that was "consistent with residue of marijuana." The substance itself was not admitted into evidence
"A drug courier profile is 'an informally compiled abstract of characteristics thought typical of persons carrying illicit drugs.' " United States v. Harrison, 667 F.2d 1158, 1161 n. 4 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1121, 102 S. Ct. 2937, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1335 (1982), quoting United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544, 547 n. 1, 100 S. Ct. 1870, 1873 n. 1, 64 L. Ed. 2d 497 (1980)
Appellant also challenges the admission of the drug courier and marijuana residue testimony as an abuse of discretion under Fed.R.Evid. 404(b). Because we find Rule 403 dispositive, we do not reach this issue
Appellant does not argue that this evidence fails to meet the threshold definition of "relevant evidence" under Fed.R.Evid. 401. Consequently, we assume that the drug courier testimony meets this liberal requirement
This is a distinguishing point between this case and United States v. Hattaway, 740 F.2d 1419, 1425 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1089, 105 S. Ct. 599, 83 L. Ed. 2d 708 (1984); United States v. Harrell, 737 F.2d 971, 977-78 (11th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1027, 105 S. Ct. 1392, 84 L. Ed. 2d 781 (1985), the cases relied upon by the government. In both cases, the trial court let in evidence of the practices and customs of a motorcycle gang in a trial of known gang members and affiliates. Here there is simply no similar evidence that appellant is a drug courier or that links him in any way to the drug trade
The government's analogy fails in at least one other respect. Unlike motorcycle gangs, drug couriers are not a cognizable group with unifying customs and codes of conduct that guide the way they operate. Thus, even if there were some corroborative proof that appellant was a drug courier, the government's reliance on Hattaway and Harrell would be misplaced.


Award Winning Actor Greg Germann (Quitters, Once Upon a Time, Ally McBeal...) joins us on The Matthew Aaron Show this Wednesday (7/20) as we broadcast live from Chicago starting at 5pm PT / 7pm CT.
Greg will be with us to discuss his versatile career as well as his new film QUITTERS which he stars in alongside Academy Award winning Actress Mira Sorvino. "Quitters" opens in limited theaters & VOD on July 22nd.
GREG GERMANN was exposed to the performing arts at an early age, particularly through his father, an award-winning children's playwright and theater professor. As a theatre major at the University of Northern Colorado, a constant stream of plays led him to the gradual realization that acting would be his professional future. Buckling down at UNC, he graduated in two years and moved to New York.
Germann became a member of Circle Repertory Company and Ensemble Studio Theatre, accumulating credits in such off-Broadway and Broadway plays as Steven Sondheim musical ASASSIANS, THE PERSON I WAS opposite Holly Hunter and David Mamet's WAR GAMES, among others. Germann also starred in Los Angeles in the hit play SPEED THE PLOW at the Geffen Playhouse alongside Alicia Silverstone and Jon Tenney.
Greg has established his acting versatility in television as well. He endeared viewers worldwide with his portrayal of the shark-like Richard Fish for several seasons on the hit series ALLY MCBEAL and appeared with Kevin Spacey in the American Playhouse presentation of DARROW, opposite Samuel L. Jackson in Showtime's CONDUCT UNBECOMING and opposite Don Cheadle and Kristen Bell on Showtime's HOUSE OF LIES. He recently was seen playing the role of 'Hades' in the ABC series ONCE UPON A TIME.
On the big screen, Germann was seen in the Warner Brothers film GET HARD starring Will Ferrell and Kevin Hart. He also recently appeared in the Noah Pritzker directed drama QUITTERS, ATLAS SHRUGGED: PART III based on Ayn Rand's novel, the Frank Coraci directed comedy HERE COMES THE BOOM starring Kevin James as well as a poignant role in the Matthew Leutwyler directed drama ANSWERS TO NOTHING with Dane Cook and Julie Benz. Greg's other film credits include the Will Ferrell and Sacha Baron-Cohen uproarious comedy, TALLADEGA NIGHTS. He was also seen starring in FRIENDS WITH MONEY, alongside Jennifer Aniston, Catherine Keener, and Joan Cusack. The film opened the 2006 Sundance Film Festival to rave reviews. He has also starred opposite Chris Rock in the Farrelly brothers' DOWN TO EARTH for Paramount, in the Warner Bros. film SWEET NOVEMBER with Keanu Reeves and Charlize Theron, opposite Burt Reynolds in the independent feature THE LAST PRODUCER, and had a very memorable cameo role in the award winning JESUS'S SON starring Billy Crudup. Additionally, he has starred in the features COMMITED, CAUGHT IN THE ACT and DOWN AND DERBY.
He appeared in ONCE AROUND as Laura San Giacomo's lovesick neighbor, CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER with Harrison Ford and he starred in the short film CULTURE which earned a 1999 Academy Award nomination.


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Nationals call for clarity on COVID-19 response in regional Western Australia
Nationals call for clarity on…
Nationals Leader Mia Davies has written to the Premier today in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak seeking clarification on a number of matters relating to the lockdown and Government response.
"The Nationals accept the advice of the Chief Health Officer and WA Police Commissioner on this serious situation, and we urge all West Australians to follow the advice of authorities so we can return to the freedoms we have enjoyed for the past ten months," Ms Davies said.
"We do have concerns as to how the situation has emerged, and why we are faced with lockdown and restrictions that could have potentially been avoided, and we call on the Premier to be open and honest with the people of Western Australia as they review what happened.
"After months of the Premier saying that the protocols that have been put in place would keep us safe we are now faced with a very serious situation – and the public deserves answers."
She said there had been many questions raised in relation to the sudden lockdown, including why access to an intrastate G2G Pass was not available when the restrictions were introduced given there had been assurances that plans were in place to deal with outbreaks of this nature.
"Many residents were caught on the hop yesterday as they had essential travel planned between the lockdown region and their home, only to find the G2G Pass had not been updated to cater for intrastate travel exemptions," she said.
"While I appreciate the Police Commissioner has resolved to update the G2G app today, surely this is something that could've been prepared in readiness for an outbreak."
Ms Davies said many regional residents had returned to their homes from areas now under lockdown in recent days and were seeking advice on what actions they must undertake.
"With school returning this week, many regional families were in Perth dropping children at boarding facilities, or on holiday and have been left unsure of their requirements and nervous of putting their communities at risk," she said.
"Local groups, communities and local government are looking for guidance as to whether public events should proceed in the areas not in lock down because of the risk of people that have returned from Perth, Peel and the South West in recent days may be in attendance."
Ms Davies said The Nationals had once again asked the Premier to provide clear and detailed advice to regional communities as to the preparedness of the country health system to cope with an outbreak.
"Is there an adequate stock of protective equipment, including masks, in our regional areas for frontline staff and for personal use, are our COVID-19 clinics and hospitals resourced to meet a surge in testing or positive cases – these are the assurances we need," she said.
Categories: Latest News, Press Releases 1 February 2021
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text:
A bonobó (Pan paniscus) az utolsóként felfedezett emberszabású majomfaj. 1929-ben bukkant maradványaikra egy német kutató egy belga múzeumban. Eleinte a közönséges csimpánz (Pan troglodytes) alfajának gondolták, és ezért törpe csimpánznak nevezték, de azóta kiderült, hogy ez egy külön csimpánzfaj, amely mintegy 2,5 millió éve vált külön a közönséges csimpánztól.

Előfordulása
A bonobók szabadon már csak a Kongó-medencében, a Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaságban élnek, azon belül is főként a 36 ezer négyzetkilométeres Salonga Nemzeti Parkban. Az elmúlt két évtizedben létszámuk az orvvadászat eredményeként mintegy negyedére (kb. tízezer egyedre) csökkent. Állatkertben is keveset tartanak. A nőstények körülbelül 9 éves korukban, amikor ivaréretté válnak, elhagyják családjukat, és új csapatba költöznek: így elkerülik a vérfertőzést és növelik a faj genetikai diverzitását. Napjainkban a Kongó-medence bonobói olyan kevesen maradtak, hogy egymástól teljesen elkülönült közösségekben élnek, és ez már a faj fennmaradását veszélyezteti.

Megjelenése, életmódja
Nappal kisebb csoportokban járkálnak, és így gyűjtenek élelmet, de sötétedéskor megint összegyűlnek, és az éjszakát a fák között épített fészkeikben töltik. Főként növényekkel táplálkoznak, de kisebb gerinceseket, férgeket és rovarokat is esznek.

Súlyuk és magasságuk nem különbözik lényegesen a csimpánzokétól, de kecsesebb alkatuk miatt kisebbnek tűnnek. A csimpánzokhoz hasonlóan sok hímből, sok nőstényből és kölyökből álló (akár száz fős), szétváló-egyesülő csoportokban élnek, azonban a csimpánzoktól eltérően a bonobóknál a nőstények a dominánsok. A hímek között a domináns nőstény fiai tartanak rendet.

Főként szaporodási viselkedésük hasonlít az emberéhez. A bonobók nem pusztán a szaporodás érdekében élnek szexuális életet: az örömszerzés és a társas kötelék erősítése is fontos hajtóerő. A nőstények folyamatosan készek a párzásra, szemben például a csimpánzzal, ahol a nőstény erre csak termékeny napjain hajlandó. Párosodás előtt a bonobó hím megkörnyékezi a nőstényt – de nem agresszíven, erejét fitogtatva, hanem ajándékot (például ételt) kínál neki. A nőstény elutasíthatja a  közeledést. Ha két bonobócsapat találkozik, nem kezdenek el harcolni, hanem üdvözlik egymást, ételt cserélnek, és szexuálisan is közelednek egymáshoz.

A bonobók konfliktusaikat nem agresszíven, hanem szexszel oldják fel. Ezzel függhet össze az, hogy a nőstény bonobók genitáliája nem csak havonta egyszer duzzad meg, hanem a szoptatás néhány évét kivéve állandóan duzzadt. A csapatba felvételét kérő nőstény kiválaszt egy domináns nőstényt, éjjel-nappal követi őt, és gyakran összedörgölik genitáliáikat. Ezek után nem meglepő, hogy a homoszexuális közösülés is gyakori a köreikben. Pár hét után a többiek teljes értékű csapattagnak fogadják el a jövevényt, aki 1–2 évvel a csatlakozás után szüli első utódját. A szülő és a kölyök kapcsolata az első 3–4 évben nagyon szoros, ez alatt a nőstény nem is szül újabb utódokat.

Jegyzetek

Források

További információk

 Emberszabásúak
 Kihalás veszélyezteti a törpecsimpánzokat

Emberfélék
Emlősfajok
A Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság endemikus emlősei