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10 Sikh Guru Names
10 Sikh Guru Names – The Sikh Gurus are the 10 human beings who have clarified the path of spirituality for Sikhs. They are honored in the Sikh religion and are considered to be the divine messengers of Waheguru. Who is understood in Sikhism to be both formless infinity and also a personal God?
I know many of you are searching for Sikh Guru Names in Punjabi with their full history. We have mentioned ten Sikh Guru names for you just read the post below for more information about them.
List of 10 Sikh Guru Names
1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539)
2. Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504-1552)
3. Guru Amar Das Dev Ji (1479-1574)
4. Guru Ram Das Dev Ji (1534-1581)
5. Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563-1606)
6. Guru Hargobind Dev Ji (1595-1644)
7. Guru Har Rai Dev Ji (1630-1661)
8. Guru Har Krishan Dev Ji (1656-1664)
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Dev Ji (1621-1675)
10. Guru Gobind Singh Dev Ji (1666-1708)
10 Sikh Guru Names in Punjabi
Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of the Sikh religion, was the first in a line of ten gurus whose father Mehta Kalian Das Bedi (also known as Mehta Kalu Bedi) belonged to the Khatri caste of Patwari who served Rai Bular, the local Muslim leader.
The young Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in 1469 in Rai Bhoi di Talwandi village (also known as Nankana Sahib) in Punjab to a family of the Hindu Khatri caste. On one side of the house where Nanak Khatris, the mystical poet and founder of Sikhism, was born, stood a famous shrine named Nankanas Sahib. Also, Read Guru Nanak Dev Ji Gurpurab Jayanti Wishes
Guru Nanak, like other Sikh gurus, emphasized bhakti (love, devotion, and worship) and taught that the spiritual life of the mundane master of the house and life are intertwined. Guru Nanak Dev Ji was the first Sikh guru whose teachings of equality, brotherly love, goodness, and virtue inspired humanity, compassion, and spirituality to humanity.
Guru Nanak traveled the globe, including to Mecca, Tibet, Kashmir, Bengal, Bengal, and Manipur, on the feet of his Muslim companion and friend Bhai Mardana, to Rome to spread the holy message.
Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second Guru in Sikhism History and was born in 1504. The origin of the Punjabi alphabet is unclear, but it is clear that Guru Angad from 1541 onwards popularized the use of a simplified Gurumukhi script among Sikhs. This helped the early Sikh community to distance themselves from the religious tradition of Sanskrit.
He popularized the use of a simplified alphabet by changing the ancient Punjabi characters into what is now known as Gurmukhi script and wrote many verses, including Guru Granth Sahib. The new alphabet, known as Gurmukhi, became popular and began to be used by people in general.
Guru Angad Dev Ji is a spiritual guru who offers guidance on various issues. He believes that God has created everything for a purpose and that we should utilize the resources at our disposal to the best of our abilities. His first book 'The 8 Laws Of Wealth Creation' is a practical guide to help you create wealth in all aspects of life.
Guru Amar Das was born in 1479 in Khadur, India, and died in Goindwal in 1574. At a late age, the third Sikh Guru (1522-74) was appointed and is known for dividing Punjab into administrative districts and for promoting missionary work to spread the faith. Guru Nanak Dev founded the Sikh religion during the Mughal rule of India, which flourished.
Guru Amar Das is the founder of the Sikh religion. He is popularly believed to be the third spiritual guru by Sikhs, succeeding Guru Nanak and Guru Angad.
Guru Amar Das began the tradition of appointing a manji (zone of religious administration) and the appointment of a chief Sangatias introduced Dasvandh (tenth income recovery system named after him) to pool the religious resources of the community and introduced the famous langar tradition of Sikhism, where there was no discrimination, free meals or communal seats.
Gurus Ram Das, the 4th Guru of Sikhs, is affectionately known as Lord of Miracles. By singing this mantra you can experience your own divinity and feel the flow of the infinite within you. Sikh Dharma communities around the world expect guidance, love, health and connection to the divine from Gurus Ram Das
He wanted to see what would happen to the other sect, the Nanak Panthees, which came from his father Guru Nanak. His eldest son Prithi Chand initially denied this, but at the insistence of his father and as a result of his refusal to obey him, he confessed his betrayal and wrote the two messages
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth spiritual guru of the Sikhs, was an accomplished poet. He authored the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy scripture. It's believed that after his death, Guru Ji left his compositions to be discovered by future generations. This ancient treasure is now open to anyone with an internet connection, and you can find it all here at gurudevji.com
Guru Hargobind Dev Ji was the sikth Guru in Sikhism History and was born in 1595. , He was a Punjabi saint and the spiritual preacher who was born to Mata Nihal Kaur Ji and Baba Gurditta Ji
Guru Hargobind Dev Ji is the spiritual guru who has all the answers to your life's questions. He can help you with problems in your relationships, career, or any other area of life. Millions of people have already benefited from his wisdom.
The seventh Guru of the Sikh faith was born on 16 January 1630 in Kiratpur in what is now Ropar district in Punjab. He was the son of Baba Gurditta and the grandson of Guru Hargobind Nana
Guru Har Rai Dev Ji is a spiritual guru, who has taught tens of thousands of people how to live an enlightened life by following the principle of 'love all, hate none' – which he promotes as the key to success. His teachings are available in book form, video form, and come to you through our global network of certified practitioners.
The eighth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Har Krishan ji was born in Guru Ghar, home of the Sikh gurus, on July 7th, 1656. He was the son of Guru Har Rai ji (seventh Guru of Sikhs) and his wife Bibi Sulakhni, also known as Mata Krishan Kaur.
Guru Harkrishan Ji Guruship was succeeded by his older brother Ram Rai, who in consultation with Emperor Aurangzeb, Ram Rai complained to the Emperor that he was discriminated against by his father for his loyalty to the Mughals and the Emperor complained that he did not receive his due share of ancestral property.
He also complained to Emperor Aurengzeb in Delhi that he was discriminated against because of his loyalty to the Emperor and that he had not received his dues and share of his father's property. He believed that anyone who tried miracles tried to interfere with the laws of God. Guru Har Krishan Dev Ji is said to have died when he contracted smallpox, which was cured by his followers.
On 1 April comes the birthday of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikh religion, who is considered the protector of Sikhs and Hindus against the laws that forced Sikh Hindus to Islam. He is known for the protection he gave Hindus from the laws in the 17th century. He died on this day, November 24, 1675.
Guru Tegh Bahadur came into conflict with the Mughal authorities for providing help and shelter to Hindu holy men in Kashmir who sought his help after Emperor Aurangzeb ordered them to embrace Islam.
Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and last Sikh guru, spiritual leader, philosopher, poet, and a great warrior. Born Gobind Rai, he emerged at the age of nine as the tenth Sikh Guru after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, was beheaded on orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb after he refused to convert to Islam.
Guru Gobin Singh ji shaped the Sikh religion into its present form through the institutions of the Khalsa Brotherhood and the completion of sacred scriptures (Guru Granth Sahib ji) as a divine messenger, warrior, poet and philosopher.
ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ (1469-1539)
ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ (1504-1552)
ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ ਜੀ (1479-1574)
ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮਦਾਸ (1534-1581)
ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ (1563-1606)
ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ (1595-1644)
ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਰਾਇ (1630-1661)
ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ (1656-1664)
ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ (1621-1675)
ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ (1666-1708)
I hope you like this post about 10 Sikh Guru Names including their important history. If you have a question or need msg to make changes in this post do let us know.
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I am so glad I have read, journaled and blogged: Get Out of That Pit by Beth Moore. This is our last chapter and it has been such a great reminder for me. See, I know what to do, it's just doing it. I'm a card carrying member of several "Pit" Help groups: Alnon, AA, Psychotherapy. I have completed Celebrate Recovery twice, taught it twice and recommend it to all women. I AM a Former-Pit-dweller.
The problem is we forget sometimes just how painful that pit really is. Oh, yes, growing pains help to remind us along life's path of past pain. Consequences reminds us of our yet to suffer pain.
We've conquered one or two pits, moved on from 23rd and 54th. Then one will sneak up and we're on the edge again about to fall or be pushed in.
No one has the right to keep me in a pit or to shame me for asking God for His help out.
I can stand confident I am done with that pit! Made my mind up. I hope you also have learned some life changing habits to live by from now on.
That it is a pit!
Beth reminded us that we have a common enemy. The devil, Satan.
We have learned to not hold back the God-song in us, to sing out for God has put a new song in our mouths even when we are still dealing with a pit.
Take life and our deliverance seriously and take it joyfully!
The God of our Universe seeks and surrounds us with Songs of Deliverance.
We have a future beyond the bit and beyond life on earth.
I hope you aren't one of those Christians who thinks heaven will be like church only all day and all night. Remember the TV Character Mr. T? He would say: "I pity the fool".
Despite our expectation, heaven is where the action is. Our hearts and minds still need considerable healing as long as somewhere deep inside we still associate fun with sin. No matter what somebody led you to believe, sin is not where all the fun is. As good as life on earth can be at times, this ride will end.
There will be consequences for the devil for messing with us. Poetic justice. Read Revelations 20:1-3. He will get his own pit. A bottomless pit!
Our feet will forever be firmly set up on a rock.
The air will be clear.
This anointed book, journal and blog reminds me forever, right there while I was waist deep in a pit for what seemed the thousandth time, Christ stretched out His Mighty Arm reached into the depths, and said in a way I could finally hear, "need a hand?".
How often do you have a song on the tip of your tongue?
When trouble hits can you still sing like that? Even with tears coming down like rain?
A song like that full of praise freely sung and spontaneously offered?
In the pit completely you know you have lost your God-song. Your hope is gone.
A new song doesn't mean we are out of that pain that caused our pit or the pain the pit caused. Or if sin pit, the consequences are not behind us yet.
It just means we are no longer stuck.
Hints of creativity are reemerging.
God doesn't hate us, We Are Forgiven and we Know It.
You want to praise Him.
You absolutely know you are not going back to that pit.
What the Psalmist means is more like a whole new level of praise begins to erupt from a delivered soul.
If you've been in a pit, God wants to deliver you!
Christ, the King, the Creator of the Universe, seeks and surrounds you with songs of deliverance!
He put a new song in your mouth, a hymn if Praise to God.
I hope you are enjoying this book as much as I am. Feel free to drop me a note of encouragement from you to me if you want. We only have one more chapter to go.
Next blogging/journaling I will do will be more random things I think about or run across or guest bloggers. I personally will be doing a Precept Class on the book of the bible, Hosea, starting September 15, 2016. I might blog tidbits from it.
So how do you know when the wait is over and you're finally out of that pit? Two ways.
You realize after all the slip-sliding and sky diving you've done, your feet are finally planted on a rock, and you've got a firm place to stand.
Even if the mountains fall into the sea, you're secure.
Even if the seas overtake the shores, you're not going anywhere.
If earthly rulers fall and stock markets crash, your feet are steadfast.
As long as you rest all your weight on that rock, you're not going to fall. Praise His steadfast name, God is not a divine rug someone can pull out from under your feet.
He is there for every urgent need and any sudden spell, but an emergency room relationship with God is NOT the psalmist's idea of a firm place to stand.
God is unreasonably patient and merciful. Thank you Lord!
He is NOT a drive-thru drugstore.
He is NOT just a temporary fix in an urgent situation.
He is NOT a fast way to get everyone to forgive us.
He is NOT for us a good side to get on when we need Him to save our scrawny necks.
God CAN hold our weight, the full emotional, spiritual, mental, and physical poundage of you.
2. When you realize you have got to make up your mind. God gives us a firm place to stand, but we have to decide we want to take it. The ground below our feet will be only as firm as our resolve. As long as we are wishy-washy, what's under us will be wishy-washy too.
God's complaint with the Israelite's in Psalm 78 was their inability to make up their minds about Him.
Were they with Him or Not?
Did they want a firm place to stand or an emergency room to visit?
Like us, they wanted God when they were in trouble, but as soon as the pressure let up, they wanted to chart their own course and be their own boss. The momentary revelry of their rebellion turned into terrible bouts of captivity and consequences.
They experienced what we do: the slide into the pit is the only thrill ride. From that point on, a pit is just dirt.
Loyalty means a made-up mind. Loyal is like firm and in Psalm 78 means to be "sure…certain…ready…prepared…determined." It means we have settled some things in advance of the inevitable temptation to revert or destructively scratch a temporary itch. It means we don't wait until the heat of the moment to decide.
A loyal spouse doesn't wait for temptation of a co-worker flirting, she knows before work she will be loyal. She has already made her decision.
God is firm, loyal. He made up His mind about you before the foundation of the world.
Without hesitation God offers you a firm place to stand, but your feet are not firmly set in place until you've made up your own mind that's where you want to be. He will not force you to stand. He most assuredly will not force you to stay.
Resist the enemy, he is a good shot. At some point you have to get yourself out there on that rock, trusting God is faithful and resist. Once, then twice. Ten times, then twenty-five. Thirty times, then fifty till your flesh submits and your enemy gives up on that front and quits.
You have God's power. Use it.
I loved Beth bear in Wyoming story. Point is if your victory depends on the right circumstances, you may as well wave the white flag and surrender to defeat.
Eternal security is not the question. Earthly security is. It is time to make up your mind.
Family/closest friends can be one of the biggest challenges you will face from that rock. Especially if they are in their own pits. They say alcoholism is a family disease, bit it is not the only one. God is there for your family or close friends also, but He recuses only one person at a time.
Usually when you get out of the pit, somebody feels betrayed that you felt a change was necessary. Loyalty to God often is misinterpreted as disloyalty toward them.
Best quote of this chapter is: "Nobody gets the right to keep you in a pit or to shame you for bailing. Not even your mama." My mom tried, but I broke the cycle of pain.
When God performs a dramatic deliverance in our lives, the nature of some of our closest relationships inevitably changes. The healthier we get, the more we realize how unhealthy we were.
Cooperating with God through painful relationship transitions may be the hardest work of all in our deliverance from the pit.
Persevere with Him and trust Him, not just with your life, but also with their lives. Just as you waited on God for your deliverance, wait for theirs.
Not all relationships needs to survive your deliverance. Our disfigured sympathies will keep us knee deep in the mire and our love will turn into resentment. Regardless of how we began, we can become as emotionally addicted to a relationship as to a substance.
Be brave, do the hard thing. If God is leading you to let that person go who is constantly "pushing" you away from Him and His deliverance back toward the pit. Goodbye is a necessary life skill for us former pit-dwellers.
Say goodbye to that pit once and for all. Living on that rock firmly planted is not for the fainthearted.
It's for those who make up their mind.
WHO is the Life Boat Deliverer?
Pitching every other plan, you can opt for God. Oh, the wonder of the One who comes as Three!
You can opt for the Father who reigns as King over every intricate detail in the universe and can micromanage a complicated life like yours and mine.
You can opt for the Son who paid y0ur debt in full, not just to deliver you from earth to heaven when you die, but also for pit to pavement while you live. In Him, you have the full right of sonship or daughership, including the right to live wildly in victory.
You can opt for the Holy Spirit who first hovered over the Genesis waters and brought order out of chaos. The one who enables a people bereft of holiness to be holy by His very presence within them.
We Christians hold in our hands the incomparable Manual for life, bulging with instructions, reasons, and countless real, human examples to illustrate them.
One preacher hits us with 80% conviction and leave us wanting more than 20% of the cure. We know something has to change, but we've got so many issues, we don't know where to start. We don't even know who we are with out them. We figure we deserve to get bruised or beat up at church. We keep coming back.
Beth agrees that we long to know how to make us right again. Everyone of us who authentically calls Jesus Lord has the right and power to be victorious.
We need lasting answers that don't just target our behaviors. We need answers that tap the power of heaven and change the thought and feeling that drive those behaviors.
Beth hopes her strong scripture based lessons and books are giving hope and offering some practical page-to-the-pavement answers.
Crying out erupts from the deepest part of a person's soul as if your life depends on it. It does. Scripture reveals over and over God's intervention coming as a direct response to someone crying out. Psalm3:4, 9:9-12, 72:12, 106:44-45, 116:1-2.
Scripture proves that God more often waits until the challenge comes and the hurting cry out, just as we see in Exodus 3:7-8.
We must wait on the Lord. He usually waits for us to cry out so He can remove all doubt about who came to our rescue.
Don't lose sight of the fact that God will forever be more interested in you knowing your Healer than experiencing His healing, and knowing your Deliverer than knowing your deliverance. The King of all creation wants to reveal Himself to you. Bring Heaven to a standstill with your cry. Get God's attention, show Him you really mean it.
Your sins, but think wider. Though it's absolutely vital, confessing sin is not the only way we practice confession.
Agree with what God says about Himself and about us.
Don't forget pride. Pride contributes to the length of our stay in the pit.
Bitterness, anger, lack of forgiveness, coldness.
Examine your heart and see if, somewhere amid your loss of control, you sought to regain it with manipulation.
Ask yourself if you used your love as a weapon.
Ask God if there is anything you are overlooking.
Keep confessing every day, over and over until you accept God's forgiveness over you confessions.
Believe Him for His forgiveness. Live as if forgiven.
Cry out for Him and keep confessing.
The most beautiful part of the process of getting out of the pit.
It is God's will for you.
God wants you out of the pit. He wants you in victory. Out of defeat. Period.
So all you have to do is consent to what He already wants.
Believe it and have faith in it.
Speak out scripture, pray scripture out loud. Your own faith will be built by hearing your own voice speak the words of Christ.
God's Word carries its own supernatural power. It's His very breath on the page that, when you voice it, you release into your own circumstances.
Don't let up when you begin to feel better. The goal is freedom from the pit for the rest of your life.
Beth ends this chapter with great words to encourage us: You have the power of the entire Godhead behind you. You have the Fathers' will, Son's Word, and Holy Spirits way. What more could you need?
How are you feeling about now? I feel energized to once again believe that my God is bigger than my pits. I will reach down deep to my core and continue to cry out for His help, to keep on confessing as I pray everyday, and then I will consent to do His Will.
Are you ready to do these three steps? I can't wait to see what is next.
You can get out. I mean you. Can't deal with it, you need to get out.
Here is the catch: You can't get yourself out. Remember the number 1 characteristic of a Pit? Mud and mire.
You are stuck. You can't do it alone.
Two options: human help or opt for God. Human help sound good. You can see, hear, and respond to a person. They can help. But help alone is not what we're talking about. Yes, God meant for people to offer one another a helping hand.
The trouble comes when we insist upon someone equally human becoming our deliverer. Physically they could pull you out but they can't set your free.
The Word of God tells us God raised up men like Moses and Joshua as leaders, deliverers, yet the Nation still eventual defaulted to its old pattern. Not trusting or believing God.
We are the same. Rather than humble ourselves and do what is required for true protection and restoration, like the Israelites, we call upon Egyptian for protection.
Back stroking to Egyptian is a phrase I heard years ago to describe our journey of returning to human strength rather than leaning on the only true deliverer. Read Isaiah: 30:1-3,5 for God response to Israel.
Try as much as we can, people simply can not by Devine. Can't set us free. Can't set our feet on a rock.
Human help allows us to be a victim. Not God. very thin. He knows all we are, all we feel and all we hide. God over flows with love and willingness to deliver us.
Again Isaiah 30:18 "The Lord longs to be gracious; He rises to show us compassion" also "His love endures forever." We need a Deliver who is in for the long haul. You and I need a strong and a long arm to reach to the bottom of our pit.
When we count on a person rather than God, and they grow tired and weary, they let you down. You've worn them out. It can be devastating. Can ruin a relationship.
When a faithful friend hangs in there with you for months, even years, you might reason that at least they didn't sell you off into slavery. Well, yes they did.
God has left us former pit-dwellers here on earth to have a tremendous impact over a life in the pit.
By sharing the wisdom God gave us. Counseling and advice: Remember Professional counseling is not your job.
Isaiah 43:11 "I, even I, am the Lord…apart from me there is no savior".
Beth wonders if maybe you feel this chapter wasn't meant for you. Maybe you can't think of a single time you made someone else responsible for your happiness…your wholeness…your fulfillment…your healing… your future.
Maybe the fog has cleared on a relationship you believed at one time would be a deliverance of sorts for you. Instead, you were left disillusioned or disappointed when the person dropped the rope.
That is what happens when we use Human help rather than God's. Maybe you can allow God to bring you to the place to forgive that person for failing to be Jesus for you.
Or maybe you should fire someone who still insists on trying. Maybe you, like me, can now forgive yourself for accidentally setting someone up for failure. Maybe that some was you. And maybe both of us could just let Jesus be Jesus.
Great chapter for me. I have been on both ends of Codependency. It's not a fun place to be. Your pit feel more like drowning with no help. I am a recovering Codependent. I consider it just as dangerous as an addict with a drug. I have done several Celebrate Recovery type classes over the years.
My God had restored me and I see the pit falls and know now how to avoid them. Praise God! That's just one pit. I still have more. Ugh!
Looking forward to your thoughts and comment. See you Friday for Chapter 6.
Jumping or Diving?Follow my Blog as I journal from Beth Moore's Book, Get Out of That Pit. I post MWF follow by email in order not to miss even one lesson.
I love our lesson today, sounds like a love letter from a sister warning us of some danger. As we are all reading together from Get Out of That Pit, by Beth Moore, she hits us with the hard truth right away.
"Jumping in the pit is the Third and final way you can land in a pit.
God is neither. He knows what it will take to get your attention, and He's willing to do it. Trust me, I know first hand. We all know the game we play with one another as we make excuses for our actions.
She wants that more than anything else in the world for us, to cry out to God for deliverance before we reach the point she did. God in His mercy, gives us plenty of warnings enabling us to avoid pits, but the problem with us pit-jumpers we don't want to hear those warnings. We want what we want.
Jumping into the pit is by far the most dangerous and most consequential. Motive and character are huge to God. We were created to emulate His Character. He looks into the heart.
I wanted to steal that wallet.
I meant to cheat the company.
I wanted to go to bed with that person.
I wanted to have the affair.
I wanted to take vengeance.
I set out to hurt that person.
I went into that relationship knowing full well beliefs were different or that they had a dark side and a dark past.
I want to get drunk, get high.
Get the picture, my friend! We recognize some of these examples or forms of them don't we? Psalms 19:13 calls it "willful sins or blatant rebellion". Ouch!
Beth assures us that she, "knows for a fact you can be completely set free from every sin that rules over you". I couldn't agree more. I too have been set free. Praise God.
Or we will simply change right back. The name for this pit is Evil Desires.
A strong or passionate desire.
Our desires can be tremendously unhealthy, self-destructive.
We were created out of Holy Passion for Holy Passion.
If we don't find it in Christ, we will find it in things like lust, anger, rage, and greed. Never under estimate the power of desire.
We just don't trust God to provide for what we think we need. Our drive for the proverbial forbidden fruit is our innate belief that what we are denied is exactly what we want most.
If God forbids something, the sooner we believe and confess it's for our sakes, the better off we will be.
Forbidden relationships never turn out well. Never! The pit is deep and dark.
Learn to associate darkness with a pit.
Well fellow pit-dwellers we have our work cut out for us. I have been set free from some of these pits but there are a couple I jump right back in. Usually in three days I realize it and start the long hard climb back out but not always. Like Beth said. We enjoy doing what we want to do, well until we realize how hurtful or painful it is getting our will.
See you Wednesday for Chapter 5 Getting out of Your Pit. A shorter chapter. This one was long but had such good correction for us. Until then, to God Be the Glory!


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For many of us, the first thing that springs to mind when thinking of The Netherlands is tulips. These bell-shaped, vibrantly coloured blooms carpet the countryside in spring and serve as a national symbol for the tiny country of tall people in Western Europe. The best place to appreciate these fabulous flowers? The Keukenhof gardens, of course.
Plan your Keukenhof gardens 2022 visit
After a rollercoaster couple of years, Keukenhof is gearing up for its 72nd edition in 2022. At the moment of writing, it is assumed that people will be able to visit in person. There might be some restrictions in place. Think of diminished capacity and/or timeslots that have to be reserved upfront. For all the latest information about this, check out the Keukenhof website.
Keukenhof welcomes over 800,000 visitors annually, even though it's only open for eight weeks of the entire year. The gorgeous gardens draw crowds with their spectacular flower displays and abundant supply of bright and beautiful tulips. In 2019, 1.5 million people visited the gardens during the two-month period that they were open. Other (non-corona affected) years have been equally busy. So, if you're planning a trip to this world-renowned attraction, save yourself from an hours-long queue or any 'sold out' disappointment and book skip-the-line tickets in advance online.
Each year, exhibitors are given a theme to plan their exhibitions around. Some of the most impressive past themes include Van Gogh, Dutch Design, and Flower Power. The Keukenhof 2022 theme will be Flower Classics. Considering the history, culture, and endless colours on show around the gardens, this theme is sure to impress.
Next to this, there are also countless activities to do for all the family, events to join in on, and art to gawk at. For an overview of all the countless things to do at Keukenhof 2022, have a look here.
With over seven million bulbs and 800 varieties of tulips, Keukenhof is a treat for tulip enthusiasts and the I-like-getting-flowers-on-my-birthday types alike. Ready to book your Keukenhof 2022 visit? Here's what you need to know.
Ways to Experience Keukenhof in 2022
Photo by Luca Vavassori on Unsplash
If you want to make the most of your time in the Dutch countryside, there are lots of tickets, tours, excursions to help you make a day of it.
Combine your visit with a guided bike ride around Keukenhof. This 2.5-hour bike tour allows you to pedal past endless rows of beautiful flowers and see quintessential landmarks like windmills, a 14th-century castle, and more. You'll learn the history of Lisse as you go, and your guide will answer any of your burning questions! You can even combine the bike tour with your Keukenhof entry ticket and save 10%.
What kind of Dutch excursion would it be without a canal cruise? The fields around Keukenhof are hugged by water, and it's a truly relaxing time sitting aboard a boat and watching the colours go by. The 90-minute cruise departs from Lisse, and floats along the beautiful Kagerplassen. You can pick your Keukenhof ticket up on the boat and head to the gardens after the cruise.
Visiting from Amsterdam? Make for a stress-free day with a Keukenhof ticket and transport from Amsterdam. This tour includes a comfortable bus ride from the captial, a multi-language audio guide for the journey, and a skip-the-line ticket for the gardens.
And if your trip to the flower fields needs a little exhilllaration, how about a helicopter ride over the Dutch flower fields before your Keukenhof visit? No, we're not kidding! Your flower-powered flight will take you soaring through the Dutch skies, introducing you to a whole new colourful world from above.
As well as the dazzling fields of Keukenhof, you'll see the sweeping Dutch coastline, lush green landscapes, historic towns and the Netherlands' unique sand dunes.
Keukenhof 2022 opening times
In 2022, Keukenhof will be open to the public from 24 March – 15 May, every day from 08:00 to 19:30. (If you're keen on avoiding the crowds and snagging a people-free shot of yourself in front of some blooming brilliant landscapes, head to the gardens before 10:30 or after 16:00.)
How to get to Keukenhof in 2022
Located between The Hague and Amsterdam, Keukenhof is easy to reach by car and public transport.
By car, the gardens are accessible via the A4 and A44 motorways. Parking is available at the venue. There are two parking lots, one on either side of the venue. The cost of parking per day is €6.
If you're relying on public transport, the best way to reach the park is to make your way to one of six departure locations (Haarlem Station, Europaplein Metro Station, Hoofddorp Station, Schiphol Airport, Central Station Leiden, and all Line 90 bus stops in Katwijk, Noordwijk, and Noordwijkerhout) where you can catch an Arriva bus directly to Keukenhof.
Tulip mania in the Netherlands
You may find yourself wondering: why do the Dutch have a 32-hectare (it seems the perfect place to practice social distancing…) garden dedicated to flowers that only bloom for a few weeks of the year, and why do you feel like you just have to be one of the 800,000+ people who visit Keukenhof in 2022? We've got two words for you: tulip mania.
The Dutch infatuation with tulips began when Flemish botanist Carolus Clusius received a couple of bulbs from his Turkish associate Oghier Ghislain de Busbecq, which he planted in a botanical garden in Leiden. Impressed by the vibrant shades of the tulips that grew from those few small bulbs and their ability to withstand the harsh Dutch climate, Clusius published a book on the flower – and inadvertently sparked what later became known as tulip mania. The flowers were so popular that Clusius' garden was regularly raided by Leiden locals. And that was just the beginning.
The popularity of tulips stretched beyond the small community of Leiden and the cheerful flower proceeded to captivate the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries. The tulip became a frequent feature in paintings, a regular on the garden decoration scene and even the subject of festivals. Excitement around the flower kept building and the prices of bulbs kept rising.
By the early 17th century, the value of tulip bulbs had increased to the point where a handful of them was worth as much as six ships or a small mansion. By 1637, that economic bubble burst and it seemed that tulip mania might be over. But while the price of tulips dipped back into an affordable range, their popularity continued to soar. During the 1640s, the Netherlands' top exports were gin, herring, and tulips. It seemed the infatuation with tulips had spread beyond the Netherlands.
Tulip sales may have fluctuated since the 17th century, but the Dutch have remained the biggest growers of the flower to this day. In 2017, it was reported that nine out of every ten tulips are exported from the Netherlands.
So, where does Keukenhof come in?
The land that today comprises Keukenhof was originally part of the estate of Teylingen Castle. The castle grounds were generally reserved for hunting. However, in the 15th century when Countess Jacoba van Beieren lived on the premises, she added a small garden near the kitchen where she could grow and harvest herbs. The garden became known as the 'Keukenhof' (Kitchen courtyard).
Several centuries and owners later, in 1857, landscape architect Jan David Zocher and his son Louis Paul Zocher, also a landscape architect, were commissioned to redesign the Teylingen Castle gardens. They used the original 'Keukenhof' as a basis for the new design of the gardens – which at that point did not revolve around tulips. It was only in the late 1940s that Keukenhof became the tulip mecca that we know and love today.
The transformation of Keukenhof into a flower-lover's paradise was sparked by flower exporters and bulb growers, and their need for a space to showcase their products. In 1949, Dutch flower merchants descended upon Keukenhof to prepare for their first exhibit of spring-flowering bulbs in 1950. During Keukenhof's first year of operations as a flower garden, more than 20,000 visitors flocked to admire the labours of the Dutch merchants. And as we all know, the popularity of the park has only increased in the decades since.
Can't wait until you can visit Keukenhof 2022? Have a sneak peek already on Youtube!
Keen on combining your visit to Keukenhof with more tulip appreciation activities? Check out the full list of Keukenhof experiences.
Buy Keukenhof tickets
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Ryan Millar
Canadian content creator Ryan wrote his first blog post in 2005 and has never looked back. He's the former head of the content department at Tiqets.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Complex function with property: $f(z+w) = f(z) + f(w)$. If $f$ is a complex vauled fuction which in analytic in the complex plane and  satisfies,
$ f(z+w) = f(z) + f(w) ,    z, w  $ are complex  numbers
Then  show that  $ f(z) = cz$     where $c$ is a constant..
I have tried to break the function in real and imaginary part. But failed to solve.
Any help is highly appreciated .

A: Substituting into the equation
$$
f(z+w)=f(z)+f(w)\tag1
$$
$z=w=0$ one obtains
$$
f(0)=0.\tag2
$$
Since the function is analytic in the whole complex plane its derivative exists everywhere and is constant:
$$
f'(z)=\lim_{\Delta z\to0}\frac{f(z+\Delta z)-f(z)}{\Delta z}\stackrel{(1)}=\lim_{\Delta z\to0}\frac{f(\Delta z)}{\Delta z}=c,\tag3
$$
which after combining with (2) gives
$$
f(z)=cz.
$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As any inventor knows, obtaining a patent can be a long process.
According to the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) FY 2018 Performance and Accountability Report, the average time from the date an application is filed until it receives an initial patentability determination from the patent examiner is 15.8 months. On average, it takes almost 2 years (23.8 months) to reach a final disposition of your patent application – either allowance or abandonment. Actual times vary depending upon the art unit to which your application is assigned, and the nature of your technology.
The USPTO continues to have a hefty backlog of unexamined patent applications – 522,149 at the end of FY 2018.
Given this overwhelming caseload within the USPTO, it is understandable that examination can be a lengthy ordeal. However, in some cases, you may want your patent to issue quickly for business reasons.
This article highlights 5 tools you can use to accelerate examination of your patent application. Each tool comes with special considerations.
One method I routinely employ to streamline examination is to request interviews with Examiners assigned to my clients' cases. When I began practice in the 1990s, this interview practice was done in-person or via phone. These days, it is most common to conduct interviews via phone or teleconference.
Oftentimes, speaking with the Examiner to explore their objections can reveal pathways to allowance of a patent. This is the most cost-effective and efficient manner to expedite any patent case. The Patent Office does not charge any fee for interviewing a patent examiner.
Another cost-effective way to speed up issuance of a patent through the USPTO is to use the Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH). This tool is available if you have corresponding patent applications filed in countries outside the U.S.
Under PPH, participating patent offices have agreed that when an applicant receives a final ruling from a first patent office that at least one claim is allowed, the patent owner may request fast track examination of corresponding claims in a corresponding patent application that is pending in a second patent office. In other words, if the European Patent Office allows your application in Europe, you can inform the USPTO about the allowance and ask the Office to fast track your U.S. case in light of the allowed European case.
There is no fee to request participation in the PPH program. At the time of this writing there are well over 30 PPH participating offices, including the EPO, Canada, Australia, China, Germany, Japan, the UK, and New Zealand.
One consideration for this program is that you need to certify that the claims in your U.S. application sufficiently correspond to the patentable/allowable claims from the other patent office. Therefore, you need to be satisfied with the claim scope you obtained in the first patent office. If you want to pursue different claim scope, do not use this option.
Prioritized Examination (PE) is a procedure whereby you pay additional fees to move your case up in line for examination. The USPTO will only grant 10,000 requests for PE within each fiscal year. To find out if this limit has been reached in the current year, and/or to see current program statistics, see the Patents Dashboard.
For your application to be eligible for PE, it must include no more than 4 independent claims, 30 total claims, and no multiple dependent claims. If your case is a national stage entry, you will have to file a by-pass continuation application under 35 U.S.C. 111(a) that claims the benefit of the earlier international application under 35 U.S.C. 365 (national stage filings are not eligible per se).
The Track I filing fees are $4,140, on top of the regular USPTO Patent Application filing fees due (Basic Filing Fee, Search Fee and Examination Fee). Small and micro entity fee reductions are available.
If your application is accepted into the Track I program, the USPTO's goal is to provide a final disposition within 12 months of prioritized status being granted.
The Accelerated Examination (AE) program also aims to complete examination of an application within 12 months from the filing date of the application. Unlike the Track I option, however, this tool requires significant extra paperwork and case preparation.
Identification of where each claim limitation finds support within the application.
There are several additional requirements regarding the documents that must be filed, and the amount and structure of claims for eligible applications.
Thus, while this option does not include the additional filing fees required under Track I, the amount of time you will need to invest to prepare the required filing materials may meet or exceed the Track I filing fees.
The invention will materially enhance the quality of the environment, contribute to the development or conservation of energy resources, or contribute to countering terrorism.
Examples of inventions that materially contribute to the discovery or development of energy resources include developments in fossil fuels (natural gas, coal, and petroleum), hydrogen fuel technologies, nuclear energy, solar energy, etc.
Examples of inventions that materially contribute to more efficient utilization and conservation of energy resources include inventions relating to the reduction of energy consumption in combustion systems, industrial equipment, household appliances, etc.
These 5 tools may help you advance your patent application more quickly through the Patent Office. If your application is accepted into one of the programs, you may need to meet additional ongoing requirements during prosecution.
The above information is fairly general in nature, and specific additional requirements may apply in your case. Consult with a registered patent attorney for more information about your individual case, and which tool(s) may be best for you.
Karrie Weaver practices intellectual property, trademark, patent, and trade secret law.
Copyright 2019. Weaver Legal and Consulting LLC. | All rights reserved.


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text:
(+44/0) 141 429 2492
Riverman
Tales of the Riverman 3
I drink Lipton's Tea, I like Lipton's Tea, I have a "directors" chair with Lipton's Tea on it. I like the story of the man who was born and brought up in the Gorbals (The family lived in a four room tenement at 10 Crown Street, Hutchesontown ) opposite Glasgow Green and who used to come down to the Park and sit with the "Cronies" at the Glasgow Humane Society boathouse and learn about boat building and boat handling...
(opens in new window as PDF)
During the past few years schoolboys from the rowing clubs have carried out tasks at the Glasgow Humane Society towards their Bronze Silver and Gold Duke of Edinburgh's Award.
Pupils from Hutchesons' Grammar School, St Aloysius College and Glasgow Academy have assisted GHS with community work, maintenance and safety work as part of their 'Volunteering' aspect of the D of E Award scheme.
The magazine "the Lifeboat" will be returning to your screens soon, but we are also going to send you going to send you "Tales of the Riverman" which we hope you enjoy.
The following extract is from the Glasgow Humane Society Historical details of boats, written around 1990
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Charity No: SC001178
Location: LIFEBOAT, Glasgow Humane Society, Glasgow Green, Glasgow, G40 1BA
Copyright © 2015 Glasgow Humane Society | Designed by Websites4Christians | Privacy Policy


This is a sponsored conversation written by me on behalf of Funky Giraffe. The opinions and text are all mine.
During those exciting and naive days of being 'with child' for the first time I made endless lists – what to pack for the hospital, what the baby will need in the first few weeks, boys names, girls names (just in case – these things do happen!) When I sent my 'newborn essentials' list to my sister in law for review she wrote back, "you probably won't need bibs for the first few months." Awesome – one less thing to worry about. Little did I know bibs would eventually become one of our most used items! You see Baby Mac is a dribbler. Some babies dribble, some don't. My son oozes like an outdoor tap that won't shut off. He's been known to go through half a dozen bibs a day. At last count we had 27 bibs in rotation! 27!
When I was contacted by Funky Giraffe bibs, my little man's first molar was just peeking through his swollen pink gum. It was perfect timing. I was super excited when I scoured the website and picked from the (literally) hundreds of designs. (The website has a great filter function so you can find styles based on colour, style, pattern, shape and size.) From cotton to collared, bamboo to bow, you are sure to find something perfect for your little person. BM and I were lucky enough to test drive a Bandana Bib, a Square Bib and a 100% Bamboo Bib.
Wow – these are so soft. Like seriously soft. Easily the softest bibs we've tried. The backing is a thick, super soft fabric – they feel almost padded. These bibs are made by Mums, for Mums, with a focus on practicality so I'm not surprised that they feel like they would soak up a cup of water at least! The quality of the fabric looks good and the colours are great – exactly what I was expecting from the images online.
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No special treatment here – the bibs went straight in to our ancient washing machine with a full load of filthy toddler threads. Then on to the line to dry in the sunshine. I noticed a tiny bit of pilling on the back of the cotton and square bibs. The bamboo bib however looked brand new again!
Super soft 100% Bamboo Bib – great for babes with eczema.
Double snaps for an adjustable fit.
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Brilliant. Great looking, highly functional, baby bibs. These are going to get some serious use in the Mac household!


"Stayed at other Travelodge`s all of which have been excellent. We use your hotel on the Strand at Liverpool every year. Breakfasts are very..."
"We had an enjoyable stay. Staff were very friendly and helpful. Room was clean and just what we needed for our stay. Location was brilliant...."
"Had a good stay with no problems. Checked in ok, room fine all clean and everything worked fine...."
"Tv default channel was the adult channel. We were woken up by it at 4:30am, when the set turned on automatically, blaring out euro-trash pop..."
Atmospheric old town or dazzlingly modern waterfront? Explore both sides of the city from our Hull Central hotel, a short walk from great attractions like the Streetlife Museum of Transport, the Maritime Museum and The Deep aquarium. Make Hull your base for walking and cycling in the Yorkshire Wolds and exploring nearby historic Beverley, with it's 13th century Minster, lively market and thriving music scene, or head up the coast to visit the RSPB Bempton Cliffs. All rooms feature a comfy king size bed with four plump pillows and a cosy duvet.
Our on-site restaurant and bar serves breakfast and tasty evening meals. Useful information Due to the city centre location of this hotel some external noise may be heard. Early/Late Check-In/Out Service – if you're looking to make the most of your day we can offer an Early Check-In service from 12:00noon and a Late Check-Out Service until 2pm so you have more time to relax - cost is £10 per service, per room, subject to availability - bookable direct by telephoning the hotel. We are a pet friendly hotel and allow up to 2 domestic pets, per stay. This is at an additional charge of £20 per pet, per stay. Please contact LateRooms to arrange this to be added to your booking and for further details on charges and terms and conditions. Please note that Guide dogs, Hearing dogs, and other animals, to aid disability, are exempt from charge.
13/07/2014 to 31/12/2020 - Chargeable onsite parking, £3.40 per 24 hours, 30 mins free WiFi every 24 hours, £3 for 24 hour access, Special requests cannot be guaranteed, please email the address provided to check availability The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
Stayed at other Travelodge`s all of which have been excellent.


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Головна » Архів » 2002 » № 2-3(26) » Комплексування аерокосмічних і геофізичних методів при прогнозі нафтогазоносності північно-західного шельфу Чорного моря
Воробйов, AІ, Костюченко, ЮВ, Лялько, ВІ, Перерва, BМ, Семенова, СГ
Мова публікації: Російська
1. Vorobiov A. I., Karpenko I. I. Analysis of the possibilities of taking into account lateral changes in seismic velocities in the preparation of objects for deep drilling on oil and gas (under the conditions of the northwestern Black Sea shelf). In: Geodynamics and oil-and-gas-bearing systems of the Black Sea-Caspian region: 3rd Intern. conf., Gurzuf, September 17—21, 2001 (2001) [in Ukrainian].
2. Vorobiev A. I. New data on the relief of the seabed in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Black Sea, 268—271 (OMGOR NAN Ukrainy, Kiev, 1999) [in Russian].
3. Dimitrov L. I. Gas-acoustic anomalies of the sedimentary cover of the Bulgarian shelf of the Black Sea. In: Geological evolution of the western part of the Black Sea basin in the Neogene-Quaternary period, 362—380 (Izd-vo Bolg. AN, Sofia, 1990) [in Russian].
4. Dovzhok Ye. M., Shpak P. F., Byalyuk B. O., et al. Oil and gas potential of the north-western Black Sea shelf. (Kyiv, 1995) [in Ukrainian].
5. Kenneth J. P. Marine Geology, Vol. 1, 397 p. (Mir, Moscow, 1987) (Vols. 1-2; Vol. 1) [in Russian].
6. Kostyuchenko Yu. V. A model of formation of a thermal search signal for remote searches of shelf oil and gas deposits. Dokl. NAN Ukrainy, 35, 45—47 (1997) [in Russian].
7. Kostyuchenko Yu. V., Lyalko V. I., Pererva V. M. Teoretiko-methodical bases and results of searches of gas places on the shelf of the Black sea with use of space shootings. In: Geology and minerals of the Black Sea, 32—39 (Kiev, 1999) [in Russian].
8. Kostyuchenko Yu., Kitchka A. Environmental Hazards Assessment Case Study for the Ukraine's Offshore. AAPG Internal. Conf., P. 31 (1999).
9. Kostyuchenko Yu. V. Information modeling for remote search for oil and gas on the shelf. In: New methods in space geography, 71—79: Preprint CA-KIZ NAS Ukraine (Kiev, 1999) [in Russian].
10. Kronberg P. Remote study of the Earth, 350 p. (Mir, Moscow, 1988) [in Russian].
11. Lyalko V. I. Heat and mass transfer in the lithosphere, 260 p. (Nauk. dumka, Kiev, 1985) [in Russian].
12. Lyalko V. I., Pererva V. M., Kostyuchenko Yu. V. An Endogenous Component in the Temperature Differentiation of the Black Sea Surface. Geol. zhurn., No. 3, 24—38 (1995) [in Russian].
13. Polikarpov G. G. (Ed.) Molismology of the Black Sea, 304 p. (Nauk. dumka, Kiev, 1992) [in Russian].
14. Mudretsov V. B., Zhiltsov A. M. Seismoacoustical anomalies of Sakhalin northeastern shelf. Tihookeanskaja geologija, No. 3, 108—112 (1990) [in Russian].
15. Nikolaev P. N. Methods of Tectonodynamic Analysis, 295 p. (Nedra, Moscow, 1992) [in Russian].
16. Pererva V. M., Lyalko V. I., Shpak P. F., et al. New data on the fault-block structure of the north-western part of the Black Sea according to aerospace-geological studies in connection with their oil and gas potential. Geol. zhurn., No. 4—6, 78—85 (1994) [in Russian].
17. Pererva V. M., Lyalko V. I., Arkhipov A. I., et al. Direct search for oil and gas deposits by remote methods (preliminary experience, development prospects). Preprint IGN NANU, 83 p. (Kiev, 1995) [in Russian].
18. Pererva V. M., Lyalko V. I., Filippovich V. E., Shpak P. F. Information from the "Sich-1" satellite used in solving actual problems in the oil-gas geology. Kosm. nauka tehnol., 2 (3-4), 49—54 (1996) [in Russian].
19. Pererva V. M., Lyalko V. I., Shpak P. F. Fluid conductive structures and the oil-gas bearing of the Azov-Black Sea region. Dokl. NAS Ukraine, No. 4, 136—139 (1997) [in Russian].
20. Pererva V. M. Probable nature of lineaments detected by aerospace methods. Geol. zhurn., No. 1, 66—76 (1999) [in Russian].
21. Seliverstov N. I. Seismoacoustic Studies of Transition Zones, 109 p. (Nauka, Moscow, 1987) [in Russian].
22. Timoshin Yu. V., Semenova S. G. Regularities in wave seismic fields of epigenetically transformed deposits around pools. Geologija nefti i gaza, No. 11, 36—41 (1992) [in Russian].
23. Shnyukov E. F., Pasynkov A. A., Kleshchenko S. A., et al. Gas torches at the bottom of the Black Sea, 134 p. (OMGOR NANU, Kiev, 1999) [in Russian].
24. Shpak P. F., Chebanenko I. I., Klochko V. P., et al. Assessment of the oil and gas potential of the underwater subsurface of the Black and Azov Seas from the standpoint of fault-block tectonics. Preprint IGS NASU, 63 p. (Kiev, 1993) [in Russian].
25. Shreider A. A., Kaz'min V. G., Finetti I., et al. Features of Sedimentation in the Black Sea. Okeanologija, 41 (3), 437—446 (2001) [in Russian].
26. Yudin V. V., Gerasimov M. E. Geodynamic model of the Crimean Black Sea and adjacent regions. In: Geodynamics of the Crimean-Black Sea region, 16—23 (Simferopol, 1997) [in Russian].
27. Donelan M., Person W. Radar Scattering and equilibrium ranger in wind-generated waves with applications to scatterometry. J. Geophys. Res., 92, P. 5 (1987).
28. Wright J. W. Detection of ocean waves by microwave radar: the modulation of short gravity-capillary waves. Bound. Layer Meteorol., 13, 87—105 (1978).


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Silicone Breast Augmentation - OKC, OK.
26 year old female came to Cosmetic Surgery Affiliates to discuss enhancing her breast size. Dr. Nuveen discussed a 450 cc high profile implant to reach the patient's desired goals. The implant was placed sub-muscular for a natural looking appearance.


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John Smith at Tanya Leighton
Artist: John Smith
Venue: Tanya Leighton, Berlin
Exhibition Title: The Man Girl Phoning Chewing Mum Gum
Date: January 25 – February 22, 2017
Images courtesy of Tanya Leighton, Berlin
In celebration of the 40th anniversary of John Smith's film The Girl Chewing Gum, Tanya Leighton is pleased to announce an exhibition focusing on this seminal work, widely regarded as one of the most important avant-garde films of the 20th century. The exhibition's title, The Man Girl Phoning Chewing Mum Gum, is a conflation of the titles of the two films on view – The Girl Chewing Gum, 1976 and The Man Phoning Mum, 2011. The latter repurposes the earlier film wholesale, building on its referent by overlaying video on the original. These two works – both of the same length and sharing the same soundtrack – are presented in synchronized loop.
John Smith's work has been widely shown internationally for four decades. He was the winner of the 2013 Jarman Award for achievement in artists' filmmaking. His solo exhibitions in the past year include LOOK Gallery, Budapest; Kate MacGarry, London; Wolverhampton Art Gallery; Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst, Leipzig; Vita Kuben, Umea. Retrospective programmes of his work were presented recently at international film festivals in Leipzig, Munich, Lussas, Stuttgart and Vilnius.
Link: John Smith at Tanya Leighton
Tags: Berlin, Germany, John Smith, Tanya Leighton
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In 1997, while living in a 400-sq-foot studio apartment, I was in the market for a very specific type of couch – backless, stylish, big enough for guests to sleep on. And cheap. There is no such thing, so I ended up building my own custom couch, at nights after work, in my apartment. I had sawdust on all of my belongings for months, but it was worth it.
I moved out of that studio in 2000. When my brothers came over to help me move, we realized there was no way to remove it from the apartment – it was too big to fit through the door. Fortunately, I knew exactly how to disassemble it, and so I was able to move it to my new condo. After a while, my sofa needs changed. So, Kristine inherited the couch. Then my cousin Drew. And, as of last Sunday, cousin Georgia. I'm so happy the couch is still around. Georgia and Dan: you have a big responsibility.
When Ruby woke up at 5:30 AM today, she had no idea that within a few hours she'd be inexplicably sprinkled with water by a strange man in a green dress, changed into a fabulous white dress, then put back in front of the green dress man who would proceed to rub oil on her forehead. Who would ever expect a day like that? Thanks to friends and family who supported Ruby today, with special thanks to Katie and Patrick Rossmann, God parents to the cutest little 10-month-old around.
The Fry Family Quartet is back together this weekend, after yet another Fryman week in New York. Ruby is getting baptized on Sunday, so we had a, um, very thorough rehearsal at St. Johns this morning. She will be sprinkled, not dunked. Out of the eight kiddies getting baptized, she'll be the only girl. Which means no competition over who has the best dress (not that it would have necessarily been a competition). After baptism practice, we probably should have gone straight to anointing of the sick; the Nebraska Cornhuskers lost to Iowa State in Lincoln for the first time since 1977. Eight turnovers. Go Big Red. We then moved on to do a little tuxedo shopping in downtown Seattle. Next up: some well-deserved naps.
On a bus from Lincoln Center (63rd and 10th) to hotel on 39th and Park. Ruby could have crawled back faster.
We capped off Jim and Mary Kay's week in Seattle with a great Fry Lodge family get-together, complete with Nebraska football, a BBQ in the rain, and an evening feast – thanks to Mutual Fish – of snapper, lobster and prawns. At one point, all four grandchildren (Henry, Johanna, Ruby and 2-week-old Rebecca) were asleep in different rooms of the Fry Lodge. Despite the Husker loss, spirits were high. The only missing ingredient was the newly-engaged couple of Paul and Leah.


text:
Square Enix Has Also Entered Blockchain Industry Adding It To Its Business Model
Anthony Ward September 17, 2022 2 min read
Square Enix, one of the major game developers in Japan has decided to make its way into the blockchain industry.
Square Enix Partners with Oasys Blockchain
Square Enix is not the only gaming company in Japan that is seeking exposure in the blockchain gaming industry.
However, it is among the AAA gaming companies in Japan determined to gain exposure in the blockchain sector. The company has recently revealed it is part of its business model to embrace and seek knowledge/exposure in the blockchain industry and its elements.
Square Enix recently revealed that it is not going to explore blockchain technology on an outer surface level. Instead, they will go all in exploring blockchain technology and learning as much as they can about blockchains.
The company has announced that its goal is to become the Oasys blockchain's initial validator. Oasys is a blockchain that is gaming oriented.
Oasys blockchain is known for offering users zero gas fees and a high-speed experience.
Square Enix to Use Oasys Blockchain
Going forward, Square Enix will be using the tools offered through the Oasys blockchain for the development of games based on blockchain games.
In addition to the tools, they will also be using the technology for the generation of content in the virtual worlds. It will be the users on the particular blockchain using Square Enix's platform to generate virtual world content.
The director at the Blockchain Entertainment Division of Square Enix, Yosuke Saito, talked about their partnership with Oasys blockchain.
Saito stated that they hope that their partnership with Oasys blockchain goes a long way. They will continue exploring the blockchain to reach higher goals.
Square Enix is Enthusiastic
Saito added that their company is very enthusiastic about the company's advance and exploration of the web3 gaming sector. Therefore, their partnership with Square Enix would be extremely important and long-term.
Their goal is to gain as many insights and knowledge in the gaming sector as possible. By gaining more knowledge, they will be able to advance in the blockchain gaming industry.
They will also work on the development of games based on blockchain technology, aiming to better the gaming experiences of their users and followers.
They want to build a stronger following and want their players to benefit from the industry as much as possible.
With the adoption of blockchain technology, Square Enix would either launch new cryptocurrencies or adapt already circulating cryptocurrencies for the benefit of the users.
Other major Gaming Companies
Square Enix is not the only gaming wanting access to blockchain technology. Other major gaming companies are also eager to gain exposure in the blockchain sector.
These companies include Yield Guild Games, Com2us, Wemade, Netmarble, Ubisoft, Sega, and Bandai Namco.
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Ah… what a week this has been! I have spent more time dealing with the Medical Industrial Complex than I would prefer – but – so far, all is swell.
My latest foray was to an urgent care center this morning to have a splinter taken out of my big toe. I had thought it was a blister and let it go for a few days. Today, it was not getting better. We both looked at it and off I went.
And… we're more than 25 pounds free – each of us! Not quite 26, but more than 25. It's a victory, indeed!
It's quite amazing that our weight loss is so ridiculously the same. We do eat the same dinner, but our breakfasts and lunches are totally different. I'm definitely not complaining. I just find it interesting.
I have been remiss in posting dinners, this week.
Tonight, while I was playing with a new hard drive for my computer, Victor cooked dinner. He did a pork tenderloin with butternut squash, apples, and rice. Awesomeness on a plate! He cut the tenderloin into cutlets, pounded them, and then lightly fried them. He roasted the butternut squash, then added it with rice to a pan, added chicken broth, laid the pork on top and the apple slices on top of it. Let it simmer on the stove for 20 minutes.
Yesterday, he made a big pot of chicken soup.
The perfect fall item to have in the 'fridge. This will be lunch for a few days!
Prior to that, I made a chorizo and chicken dish with lentils. I then put an egg on top. Nice and spicy.
And we can't forget the chicken, mushroom, and olives with rigatoni.


In trigeminal neuralgia, the myelin sheath, a protective sheath that insulates the nerve is worn off by the constant rubbing against a blood vessel, tumor, lesion or other abnormalities, disrupting nerve functions. Aging and other neurological disorders that affect the myelin sheath can also produce trigeminal neuralgia.
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by a sharp shooting pain, usually felt on one side of the jaw, which can last for several seconds, and can be brought on by simple actions such as touching your face, chewing, brushing your teeth or even a cool breeze. Initially, you may experience mild attacks of pain but as the condition progresses, the episodes become more painful and longer lasting.
When you present with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia, your doctor will review your symptoms and perform a thorough physical examination. Diagnosis is usually based on your description of the pain: type, location and its triggers. A neurological examination may be conducted to determine the location and cause of the pain and examine the trigeminal nerve and its branches. An imaging study such as an MRI may be ordered to identify a tumor or other causes for your pain.
Trigeminal neuralgia is initially treated with medications such as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, anti-seizure or antidepressant drugs, which may control symptoms by blocking pain signals. If these are ineffective or produce intolerable side effects, glycerol may be injected at the root of the nerve, a catheter-guided balloon may be inserted or mild electric current may be passed through a needle to damage the nerve. Invasive treatment involves either surgically decompressing the trigeminal nerve by shifting or removing the compressing blood vessels or damaged parts of the trigeminal nerve to reduce the sensation of pain. This can be achieved by various procedures such as microsurgery and radiosurgery.


Named By: Charles Alfred Matley & Friedrich von Huene - 1933.
Fossil representation: Partial skull, as well as further partial post cranial remains attributed to the genus.
Abelisaur theropods ranged across much of the southern continents during the late Cretaceous and India certainly seems to have had its share of them. However when Indosaurus was fist named by Matley and von Huene in 1933, the abelisaurs were still an unknown group of theropods, which is why they initially described Indosaurus as an allosaur.
There is quite a bit of confusion over the classification and actual validity of some of the Indian abelisaurs. In 1933 Matley and von Huene also named two other abelisaurs called Indosuchus and Compsosuchus and today there is speculation that these and Indosaurus may actually be all the same genus of dinosaur. Study in this theory has been hampered however since the holotype fossils of Indosaurus are now lost, so more direct comparison incorporating more modern techniques of analysis is impossible.
A species of Megalosaurus, M. matleyi, has also been attributed to Indosaurus, although this is not at all that surprising since Megalosaurus has for a long time been treated as a wastebasket taxon where uncertain theropod remains have been attributed just because the fossils are of the same basic type of dinosaur. Orthogoniosaurus has also been proposed as a synonym to Indosaurus, but this genus is only based upon the description of a tooth, which is now thought to have been from a ceratosaur.
Although the partial skull of the holotype is now list, one feature noted about Indosaurus is that it was thought that it might have had horns above its eyes. If this interpretation was correct then this would have made it very similar to Carnotaurus from South America, suggesting that Indosaurus might have been a carnotaurine abelisaur. Another carnotaurine abelisaur that is also from India is Rajasaurus.


text:
Q: TypeError: updateElement is not a function I am trying to update an element from an array by adding an object as a property like shown in this picture

When a user clicks on a single node button, a modal appears the user fills the form and then it is addes as a property for this node.
But for some reason I get this type error that says that the updateElement is not a function.

BTW, I am using Redux & react-flow-renderer libraries.
Reducer
import * as types from '../actions/types';

const initialState = {
  elements: []
};

const flow = (state = initialState, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case types.UPDATE_ELEMENT:
      return {
        ...state,
        elements: state.elements.map((e) => {
          if (e.id === action.payload.id) {
            e = {
              ...e,
              options: action.payload.options,
            };
          }
          return e;
        }),
      };
    default:
      return state;
  }
};

export default flow;

Action
import { UPDATE_ELEMENT } from './types';

export const updateElement = (data) => (dispatch) => {
  dispatch({
    type: UPDATE_ELEMENT,
    payload: data,
  });
};

Node modal
import React, { useState } from 'react';

import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import { updateElement } from '../../../../redux/actions/flow';

const VPCNodeModal = (props, { updateElement }) => {

  const [formData, setFormData] = useState({
    instance: '',
  });

  // options
  const { instance } = formData;

  const onFormChange = (e) =>
    setFormData({ ...formData, [e.target.name]: e.target.value });

  const onSubmitForm = () => {
    const update = {
      id: selectedElement.id,
      options: formData,
    };

    updateElement(update);
  };

  return (
    <>
      <Modal {...props}>
          <form
            onSubmit={(e) => {
              e.preventDefault();
              onSubmitForm();
            }}
          >
            <label>
              <span> Instance name:</span>
              <input
                type='text'
                name='instance'
                value={instance}
                onChange={onFormChange}
              />
            </label>
            <button type='submit'>Submit</button>
          </form>
      </Modal>
    </>
  );
};

VPCNodeModal.propTypes = {
  updateElement: PropTypes.func.isRequired
};

export default connect(null, { updateElement })(VPCNodeModal);

A: Issue is while receiving the props.
change
const VPCNodeModal = (props, { updateElement }) => {

to
const VPCNodeModal = (props) => {
const { updateElement } = props;

A: updateElement is a props was passes in VPCNodeModal. So you should update like this with spread operator
const VPCNodeModal = ({ updateElement, ...props }) => {


"The Art of Banksy" is the title of the exhibition on the art of the most famous street art artist of our time, which has been opened on June 16th in Berlin. The circumstances of the show are just as mysterious as the identity of Banksy. There is no official internet presence of the event and the location is perplexing: it takes place in the rooms of the former luxury club Felix at the backside of the Hotel Adlon.
Capitalism critic Banksy at a luxury establishment, where until recently snobbish teenies from the party scene had a blast? As paradoxical as it may sound, at the basement of the building at Behrenstraße there are actually hanging pictures by Banksy. The show was organized and curated by Steve Lazarides, who has supposedly managed Banksy until 2008. Therefore he has brought together about 80 works from different collections all over the world, some of the presented works never have been seen in public. According to Lazarides the worth of the exhibited works amounts to 23 million euros. Like Banksy Lazarides comes from Bristol, after a dispute on the marketing of his pictures they are said to have broke up.
Banksy neither has curated the exhibition himself, nor has he authorized it, and it can be easily imagined, that the exhibition rooms meet Banksy's ethical expectations in no way. The admission price of 19,75 euros is outrageous and leaves a bad aftertaste. One gets the impression, that this is a sales show on Banksy devotional objects like T-shirts and coffee cups. Before this weird exhibition in Berlin the works have been shown in Istanbul, Melbourne, Antwerp and Amsterdam. On display are screenprints, paintings and sculptures, amongst them icons such as "Girl with Balloon" and pictures from the "Rat" series.
Unfortunately street art enthusiasts have to lower their sights, as the sterile ambience gives little cause to indulge in a real Banksy feeling, which one might know from street. The presentation looks improvised, the built-in walls are cobbled together carelessly, and the images are illuminated poorly. In view of the fact that there are countless abandoned industrial buildings in Berlin, which have an immensely higher charm factor, the choice of this location is utterly dreadful. The vicinity of the Brandenburger Tor obviously was the commercial main driver for this decision. Nevertheless, Banksy fans, who are willing to pay the overpriced admission charge, will get their money's worth, as the images speak for themselves, both through their subversive messages and their technical quality. Especially the screenprints, that basically work like reversed spraying stencils, can't deny the influence of Andy Warhol. In his series "Kate Moss", which consists of six color prints, Banksy pays tribute to the father of pop art.
Banksy uses the stencil just like Andy Warhol the screenprint.
Street art hasn't been acknowledged as an art form for a long time, not before politically engaged artists like Banksy showed up, who struggle against the neoliberalism of the recent decades, this artistic form of expression has become socially acceptable. Forerunners of today's street art primarily emerged from the graffiti scene in Bristol in the 1980s, graffiti was practiced by teenagers from the middle class, who lived in run-down quarters. Goal of their activities was sheer provocation against the church, the military and the establishment. The signatures sprayed with aerosol cans were generally called "tagging", for the neutral viewer, however, they were nothing else than smearing, and for affected residents, whose house walls were tagged, it was pure destruction of private property.
The youthful criminals were pursued by the local law enforcement, the Barton Youth Club in Bristol was a haven for them, where they worked on new designs, styles and techniques during the day. At night they went out to embellish train stations, dustbins and entrance doors, the fear of being caught was always present, but this thrill was part of the game and forced the artists to work fast. Also Banksy was almost caught by the police, that's why he abandoned the spray can technique in 2002 and started to work with his favourite tool, the stencil. He could prepare these so-called "stencils" without any hurry and spray detailed graffiti with them in no time.
"I started painting graffiti in the classic New York style you use when you listen to too much hip hop as a kid, but I was never very good at it. As soon as I cut my first stencil, I could feel the power there. The ruthlessness and the efficiency of it are perfect." Banksy's decision to switch to the "stencil" wasn't for aesthetic reasons only, but for functional ones as well. He was inpired by Blek Le Rat, who had also used stencils for his "Rat" series. Stencils were also used during the student riots in Paris in the 1960s, in order to spread the revolutionary messages quickly and effectively.
Banksy took the risk of being ostracized by the community for using stencils.
Nevertheless stencils were frowned upon in the graffiti scene at the turn of the millennium, although they have been tried by many sprayers. From this point of view Banksy's step, to focus on the stencil technique, was pretty daring, as he was running the risk of being ostracized by his gang DryBreadZ Crew. But his respect for Blek Le Rat was deeper. Banksy's ironic, black humour, that characterizes his work, wouldn't have emerged to such an extent without the use of stencils, the girl holding a bomb or the tiger, that breaks out of the barcode cage, are among his most powerful works, which result from this technique.
The simplicity of the technique, the dominance of black and white, as well as the combination of image and text, makes a piece of street art easy to identify with. The public can do without any knowledge of art history, tradition and art theory to read and enjoy this art form. Banksy's "Rat" series could be just as well caricatures of average citizens, their social messages are so blatant and easily accessible, that even viewers, that normally aren't receptive to art, willingly get into it and agree with the statement of the artist.
One of the most interesting aspects of the phenomenon Banksy is undoubtedly his unknown identity. Banksy insists on anonymity and never signs his works in public space on principle, for the simple reason, that he could be prosecuted for vandalism, but also to keep his myth alive. A small circle of insiders should know about his identity, but up to now the wall of secrecy lasts, in order to protect his anonymity. Is he a man or maybe a woman? The social subject matter and children frequently showing up in the pictures could support this theory. There are speculations again and again, even an artist collective has been presumed already. Just recently a British DJ allegedly let something slip out and put out the rumour, that Banksy could be Robert Del Naja, the lead singer of the band Massive Attack. The detection of new Banksy graffiti and the international locations of the tour of the band could be linked to it. Was it an unintentional comment or the calculated implementation of an ingenious marketing strategy, in order to keep the myth of Banksy in the public eye?
"Pest Control" takes care of the authorization of Banksy's prints.
In order to exclude copycats, Banksy documents his works, which he leaves throughout the world, on his website http:/banksy.co.uk and additionally runs a certification office called "Pest Control", which confirms the authenticity of prints. Banksy has invalidated many dogmas of the art world, his signature is his refusal to sign, his CV doesn't exist and can't be used as a pattern of explanation with regard to his images, and he questions privately owned art, instead he occupies public space, thus turning art into cultural common property. He is asking essential questions, that bother everybody, without wanting to give any answers. His images leave the viewer alone with astonishment and confront him with a distorted and disconcerting version of reality, which he is used to ignore without hesitation. Banksy calls things as they are, which is something, that the official art prefers to avoid, in order to remain attractive to potent collectors. Banksy's work just mocks and distrusts a world, that measures the worth of a piece of art only according to where the author ranks in the international artist ranking right now. He confronts this cult of a small wealthy elite, that determines, what may be considered as art and what doesn't, with an imagery, that can't be possessed and touches on the sensitive issues.
Astutely he denunciates capitalism, the excesses of mindless consumption and war. He has a clear position concerning society, which brutalizes individuals and opens the floodgates to extremism. Islamist terrorism, the scourge of the 21st century, plays a major role in his political oeuvre, a replica of Michelangelo's David is wearing a bullet proof vest and the Ballerina by Degas becomes a black widow with gas mask. A Christian sacrilege is his Madonna and Child, who has a bomb fastened to his chest, for Banksy religious denomination is irrelevant, as in his point of view any religion bears the nucleus of violence and terror.
Banksy's works have lifted street art from a spontaneous form of expression, that has emerged from the fringe of society, to an officially accepted art form, which has arrived at the heart of society and has taken root in collective consciousness, without having been the declared target of the graffiti scene. "I'm not so interested in convincing people in the art world that what I do is art, I'm more bothered about convincing people in the graffiti community that what I do really is vandalism." Banksy understands art as a new way of seeing, in order to rethink public space, and the role of art as creation of an individual aesthetic expression, that transforms the common artistic practice through guerilla methods and the occupation of illicit spaces.
The spirit of Monty Python comes to life in Banksy's images.
Being confronted with a work by Banksy normally means a slap in the face of the viewer, smartly he applies his distinct British humour, which is undeniably influenced by Monty Python, in order to reduce questionable social rules ad absurdum by means of dadaistic tricks: in "Happy Chopper Crude Oil" combat helicopters with cute hair ribbons are flying through an idyllic landscape. At the same time he turns the viewer into an accomplice in spreading his subversive messages, by offering him a projection screen through his blatant images to reflect his own urge to revolt against the elites obsessed with power.
In doing so Banksy differentiates between social institutions and the people, that are behind them, being more victims than perpetrators themselves. He loves to turn stereotype role clichés upside down, cops show rude gestures and Winston Churchill has got a Mohawk haircut, whereas punks get their outfit controlled by their moms, before they go on the rampage. He even shows sympathy with the policemen, who give him a hard time as a graffiti artist. To ask himself the questions, that actually should be asked by the public in order to look for answers in a common dialogue, makes his artistic greatness, always being aware that there aren't any quick solutions and simple truths even less. In the dark corners of illegality he sketches his vision of human dignity and at the same time relentlessly reveals the most mean-spirited traits, the human species is capable of.


Drayton Bird just sent me a link to an article by Daniel Levis, that encourages copywriters to sharpen their video scriptwriting skills….. but take a look at the comment from the pet shop owner who tried a video on his website…..
I own a 'brick and mortars' pet business.
And I've tested long copy vs. video… on my website.
And by far… the video gets my phone ringing much more!
Now, that could be because Google (and the other search engines) like video.
So, maybe my video just gets me more 'hits'.
The video… also… gets me fewer "price shoppers".
Maybe that's because a video of me… the owner… is more personal and warm.
And when a prospect watches my video he feels "like he knows me". And is less likely to tighten his wallet.
Either way… Daniel… you are dead-right about this.
And to anyone (especially those with a brick and mortars business) I HIGHLY recommend you get a video on your site — ASAP!
Just don't do it if you're my competitor!


text:
Eric Iversen October 6, 2016
Nuclear engineers newly hired in the United Arab Emirates stand in front of a model of a nuclear reactor during orientation.
What the … ?
Try as people have, getting and keeping women in U.S. engineering programs remain vexing challenges. For a decade now, the numbers have stayed the same: 30 percent of students enrolled, 20 percent graduated. Individual successes like Dartmouth and Harvey Mudd notwithstanding, the overall rates don't seem to budge.
Meanwhile, in Arab countries, rates of women participating in engineering education have shot past those in the U.S. Across the Arab world, in countries both developing and wealthy, women enroll and graduate in noticeably greater numbers.
The reasons vary, and it's not clear that researchers have fleshed out the whole story. But throughout the Middle East, women's participation in engineering is notably higher than in the U.S. For reasons as diverse as the countries themselves, Arab women exceed their U.S. counterparts in enrolling and completing engineering degrees, and it's not even really close.
Recent U.S. history
From 1990 to 2000, women's share of earned engineering degrees in the U.S. rose from 15.4 percent to 20.1 percent. At this rate of increase, one-third over 10 years, we should have seen women earning about 27 percent of degrees in 2010.
The actual result: 18.4 percent.
It ticked up to almost 20 percent in 2014, but still below the 2000 rate after nearly a decade and a half of extensive outreach to girls extolling the opportunities and rewards of studying engineering. Perhaps indicating a break-out, the rate of freshman women intending to major in engineering has gone up from 3.3 percent in 2008 to 5.8 percent in 2014. Until more numbers come in, though, the story remains that women resist the engineering argument.
In Arab higher education, however, the story is different. Women are responding to the engineering argument. UNESCO estimates that women could comprise as many as 60 percent of engineering students in the countries surrounding the Persian Gulf.
Among rich countries:
Kuwait graduates women at 49 percent of engineering classes.
Thirty-two percent of engineering students in Bahrain are women.
United Arab Emirates enrollments increased from 2.9 percent in 2012 to 24.9 percent in 2015.
Even in Saudi Arabia, graduation rates for women in engineering have risen from one percent in 2000 to 10 percent by 2011. And 80 percent of female students show interest in engineering.
Kuwaiti engineering students gather for the country's first Women in Engineering Day, held in June at the American University of the Middle East in Eqaila, Kuwait.
Developing countries do well, too:
Women are 40 percent of engineering classes in Jordan.
Algeria's engineering class is 36 percent female.
Women in Gaza study computer science and engineering at the same or higher rates than men do.
Knowledge-based economies
Governments across the Arab region have made transitioning to knowledge-based economies a policy priority. One study found 17 of the 22 Arab countries have made this commitment, and the education pieces of this project have accelerated women's entry into STEM fields, and engineering in particular:
With national education systems in place, countries have pushed STEM-related reforms quickly and substantially throughout primary, secondary, and post-secondary education systems.
Many girls attend single-sex schools, which might (or might not) be a factor promoting their achievement in math and science fields.
University admissions are typically tied to performance on tests, which are gender-neutral. Girls who do well on tests move into areas of their demonstrated aptitude.
Engineering enjoys a higher social status in the Middle East than it does in the U.S. Notes Tod Laursen, president of Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi and former Duke University faculty member, "The engineering profession in general holds a lot of prestige in the UAE and we find that the families of our female students are very highly supportive and proud of their daughters, wives, siblings studying these subjects."
Startup culture, and the technology industry in general, can be, surprisingly, less gendered in the Middle East. A recent meeting of Internet entrepreneurs in Amman, Jordan, was over one-third women, a rate that attendees confirmed as typical in the field.
Internet work done at home or in single-sex environments can provide Arab women in technology with opportunities they would not otherwise have in public, male-dominated workplaces.
Where it shows up
Microsoft runs an annual app-building competition called the Imagine Cup. The 2013 competition attracted notice because two of the three all-women teams came from the Middle East: one from Oman, the other from Qatar. Their presence at the competition impressed observers more than the women themselves. "We really didn't think about it until we came and everyone was surprised," says Latifa Al-Naimi, 20, a member of the team from Qatar.
The Committee of Arab Women Engineers has been recognizing accomplishments by women in the field in public ceremonies since 2011. Jordanian Princess Sumaya, also the President of the Royal Scientific Society in Jordan, has been a staunch supporter of the group, and she also chairs the Board of Trustees of the Princess Sumaya Institute of Technology.
When Nerman Fawzi Sa'd, a mechanical engineer in Jordan, was looking for help with some projects, she posted a seven-word ad online: "Female engineers required to work from home." Within a week, she received over 700 resumes. This response led her to form Handasiyat, a virtual engineering consultancy employing female Arab engineers. A crashing success, the company earned her recognition as one of the 100 most powerful Arab women in the world, according to ArabianBusiness.com.
Still much discrimination
Arab women's higher profile in engineering education does not necessarily lead to the same opportunities in the engineering workplace. They still face great obstacles, in the form of discrimination, exclusion from certain kinds of work, restrictions on their mobility, and imperatives to remain at home in caretaker roles.
Indeed, law and medicine remain overwhelmingly male in Arab countries because women are often prohibited from arguing with men in public or treating male patients. In addition, the courses of study take longer, delaying the time at which women would be available to return to the home and tend to parents, children, and/or husbands.
For all the opportunities the Internet can provide, online work is often available to women precisely because it is out of the public eye. As one Arab woman entrepreneur noted, "Well-educated women in Saudi Arabia want to work, but their family often objects … running an Internet start-up from home is the perfect compromise."
What we might learn
The factors and forces behind Arab women's increasing prominence in engineering education and technology fields in general cut in fascinating, confounding ways. The phenomenon has garnered enough attention to be serving as the focus of a two-year, NSF-funded study of female engineering students in four Arab countries.
The researchers themselves emphasize the counter-intuitive nature of their work. Predominantly Muslim countries, notoriously restrictive for women, are unexpected places to go for insights into how to unlock the potential of women in engineering in the United States.
And yet, the data are clear, for all the complexity underlying them. We should clearly keep working on how to bring the lessons from the Middle East back to the U.S. in a form applicable to our own challenges with the gender gap in engineering.
Any thoughts? If you found this discussion interesting or useful, please share it with friends or colleagues who might be like-minded.
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Eric Iversen is VP for Learning and Communications at Start Engineering. He has written and spoken widely on engineering education in the K-12 arena. You can write to him about this topic, especially when he gets stuff wrong, at eiversen@start-engineering.com.
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