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Post-hot isostatic pressing: A healing treatment for process related defects and laboratory grinding damage of dental zirconia?
Processing parameters (powder granulation, compaction, debinding, greenbody shaping, sintering) and post-sinter rough, even fine grinding are influencing the final mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP. The hypothesis of this study was that post-sinter hot isostatic pressing (post-HIP) would be beneficial for improving reliability and strength of both sintered and coarse ground sintered zirconia by closing or reducing surface and/or small volume defects.
75 sintered bars of an experimental 3Y-TZP (3 mm × 4 mm × 45 mm) with chamfered edges and 15 μm diamond surface finish were provided by the manufacturer (Ivoclar Vivadent) and randomly distributed in five groups of N = 15 each. G1 served as control (as received); G2 was post-HIPed at 1400 °C and G3 at 1350 °C, both using a pressure of 195 MPa in Ar for 1 h; G4 was coarse ground with 120 μm diamond disk grain size; G5 was ground 120 μm and post-HIPed at 1350 °C at 195 MPa, 1 h in Ar. The specimens were fractured in air in 4 point-bending. Weibull characteristic strength ( σ 0 ) in MPa, m parameter (reliability) and confidence intervals (CI) at 90% confidence level are reported. Identification of the critical flaw was performed by SEM on the fractured surface of all specimens and XRD performed in all groups.
G1: σ 0 = 973 (932–1016), m = 10.6 (7.45–15.1); G2: σ 0 = 930 (871–995), m = 6.9 (4.87–9.9); G3: σ 0 = 898 (848–952), m = 7.94 (5.6–11.4); G4: σ 0 = 921 (857–991), m = 6.35 (4.48–9.11); G5: σ 0 = 881 (847–918), m = 11.4 (8.03–16.3). G5 had a significantly lower σ 0 than G1. No significant differences were seen in the reliability ( m ) among the groups. Fractography revealed critical intrinsic subsurface flaws of 10–60 μm present in all groups resulting from the processing parameters. No "healing" (i.e. closing of defects by densification) resulted after post-HIP. Grinding sintered zirconia with 120 μm diamond disks induced radial cracks of 10–20 μm and an important pseudo-cubic phase transformation (56 wt%) that was not completely removed after post-HIP. Post-HIP increased slightly the relative density by 0.1% but without improving the strength and reliability.
Post-HIP was not efficient in closing large (10–60 μm) subsurface (volume) processing defects.
Yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) has become an alternative high-toughness all-ceramic core material for fixed-partial dental restorations because of its excellent mechanical properties (i.e., bend strength and toughness). The stress-induced phase transformation of Y-TZP from the tetragonal crystalline structure to the more voluminous monoclinic structure helps to prevent crack propagation and contributes to the strength and toughness of Y-TZP ceramics. Nevertheless, the final properties of zirconia will heavily depend on both the production processing steps as well as the introduction of surface damage caused by grinding . Processing related defects on 3Y-TZP ceramics were shown to lowering the fatigue limits, fracture resistance and reliability . Typical processing related defects are porous regions or crack-like voids during powder compaction, extraction of the binders or solid-state sintering as shown using fractography on failed ceramic parts . To overcome some of these processing defects, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is often used in the ceramic industry as an additional step after sintering to densify the zirconia using high temperature (∼100–200 °C below the zirconia's sintering temperature) and isostatic gas pressure (argon). It leads to various mass transport mechanisms such as grain boundary sliding, plastic deformation and diffusion controlled creep to improve densification, crack healing and pore shrinkage in Y-TZP without shape changes. This HIP procedure after sintering is called post-sinter HIP or post-HIP and has been shown to increase the fracture resistance of 3Y-TZP root dental posts . Mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness were also enhanced when using post-HIP on zirconia-toughened alumina ceramics as well as the fracture strength and thermal shock resistance .
Another detrimental step to ceramic materials is the introduction of surface flaws by grinding after sintering . The use of medium to coarse diamond burs (grain size 50–120 μm) on sintered zirconia have shown to introduce surface flaws extending radially up to 50 μm thus limiting its strength, reliability and survival rate under cyclic loading . Even finer diamond burs of 30–40 μm grain size may introduce subsurface damage with horizontal cracks up to 20 μm . Classic fracture mechanics applicable to brittle materials show that the strength of ground zirconia is mainly determined by the critical defect size to initiate failure. Thus, for a Y-TZP with a fracture toughness of 5 MPa√m, a critical flaw size of 50 μm and a Y factor of 1.2, the failure stress will be of 600 MPa, whereas it will be of 946 MPa for a flaw size of 20 μm. Considering the existence of small (2–15 μm) CAD-CAM machining flaws of sintered Y-TZP and additionally possible introduction of manual grinding flaws (up to 50 μm) with dental burs due to the habit of reshaping sintered zirconia frameworks in the laboratories prior to the application of a veneering ceramic, there is a need to reduce the flaw population within the zirconia framework. Crack healing of surface flaws has been described by using heat treatment (annealing) on thermally shocked alumina and Vickers indented zirconia/alumina composites . The crack-healing mechanism has been shown to be related to the evolution of pore morphology during the heat treatment and rearrangement of grains caused by the monoclinic to tetragonal phase transformation in the crack-opening process . Post-HIP and crack healing operations have also been described to improve survivability of silicon nitride/silicon-carbide composite cutting tools .
Considering that CAD-CAM made dental zirconia frameworks are often reshaped manually post sintering in the dental technician's laboratory with possible introduction of critical grinding surface flaws adding to existing processing defects, it is the hypothesis of this study that post-sinter HIP will improve strength and reliability of the zirconia ceramic by reducing in size or even eliminating internal processing defects and operate partial or even full crack healing on surface grinding flaws. The option of healing critical flaws resulting from processing and/or reshaping by rough grinding sintered CAD-CAM zirconia frameworks will provide a significant quality insurance for laboratories and dentists, with a mechanically improved framework and thus increased life expectance.
The aims of this research were to:
determine the effect of post-sinter HIP treatment on the mechanical properties (characteristic strength and reliability) of a 3Y-TZP and after rough surface grinding with a 120 μm diamond grain size disk.
identify by fractography the critical flaw responsible for failure after strength testing and what effect post-sinter HIP had on the critical flaw morphology.
characterize the material's microstructure and density after sintering and post-sinter HIP at two different HIP temperatures.
quantify the radial crack damage from 120 μm diamond grinding using the bonded interface technique.
perform a semi-quantitative phase analysis by comparing the integrated intensities of the XRD reflections.
Specimen preparation
A 3Y-TZP-A powder containing a small dispersion of Al 2 O 3 (<0.5 wt%) and without any additional granule modification was cold isostatically pressed (CIP) to rods of a length of 240 mm and a diameter of 22 mm. The pressing pressure was over 3000 bar and the maximum pressure was held for 30 s. After CIP, process cylinders of a diameter of 8.0 ± 0.5 mm and a length of 56 ± 1 mm were dry-turned by green machining on a lathe-machine. The cylinders were then dry-milled to the following bend bars dimensions of 56 mm × 5 mm × 3.7 mm. The debinding and final sintering was done in one firing cycle using a maximum temperature of 1500 °C for 2 h. After sintering, a final surface finish of 15 μm diamond grain size according to ISO 6872:2008 was performed to achieve the necessary final sample geometry of 45 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm and chamfered edges. A total of 75 bend bars were delivered as such (labeled "as received") by the manufacturer (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and distributed into five groups as shown in Table 1 .
3Y-TZP bend bars distribution according to surface and heat treatment.
Groups of 3Y-TZP
G1: Control (as received) 15
G2: Control + HIP 1400 °C 15
G4: Control + mirror polish + ground 120 μm 15
G5: Control + mirror polish + ground 120 μm + HIP 1350 °C 15
Post-sinter HIP procedure
Bend bars of G2, G3 and G5 were post-sinter treated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in a specific furnace (EPSInt HIP 2000, Temse, Belgium) at 1400 °C (G2) or 1350 °C (G3 and G5) at a pressure of 195 MPa in argon for 1 h. The bars to be HIPed were placed in a coarse-grained Al 2 O 3 powder-bed inside an Al 2 O 3 -crucible covered by a lid as the heating elements of the HIP are made out of carbon. To remove gray coloring from the post-sinter HIP process the bars were additionally heat treated at 1200 °C for 1 h in air (Carbolite HTF1700, Ubstadt-Weiher, Germany).
The two post-sinter HIP temperatures 1400 °C for G2 and 1350 °C for G3 were selected based on previously gained experience of the authors on similar Y-TZP and on temperatures used in the literature . The decision of which HIP temperature would be kept throughout the study was based on whether or not undesired grain growth would occur.
75 bend bars (G1–5) were tested in a 4 point-bending configuration with an inner span of 20 mm and an outer span of 40 mm. The cross-head speed was selected so that the time till failure of the bend bars occurred in a time window of 5–15 s. For the test machine and jig used in that study this resulted in a cross-head speed of 4 mm/min. Data is described by the Weibull characteristic strength ( σ 0 ) and reliability parameter ( m ) using the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE), a confidence level of 90% and a correction factor for bias for the m parameter. That correction is necessary as a Weibull modulus estimated by MLE has a bias which gives an overestimate of the true Weibull modulus m . The correction factor to unbiase m was taken from Annex E of EN 843-5:2006.
Microstructure and density assessment
The microstructure was determined for G1 (control as received), G2 (HIP 1400 °C) and G3 (HIP 1350 °C) on mirror polished and thermally etched surfaces. The specimen was thermally etched at 1420 °C for 15 min. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were taken at 30,000× magnification and the average grain sizes were measured using the interceptive line technique according to DIN EN 623-3:2003 applying an additional correction factor of 1.56 for the final calculation of the mean value. The number of intersections was counted using a semiautomatic software tool (Lince 2.3.1d, Technische Universität Darmstadt), where different types of intersections were distinguished such as "normal", "tangential", "triple-point", "end of line at grain boundary" or "within a grain". Standardized line-patterns were used yielding a number of intersections over 100.
The density was measured on fractured specimens by means of the sample immersion technique which is based on the Archimedes' principle. Due to the low weight of the specimen and the higher wettability CCl 4 was used as immersion medium to determine the ascending force and the volume of the specimen.
The Archimedes density measurements were performed on 3 fractured specimens of G1 (control as received), G3 (HIP 1350 °C), G4 (Ground 120 μm) and G5 (Ground 120 μm and HIP 1350°).
Rough grinding and damage assessment
Bars in G4 and G5 were first mirror polished (1 μm) for obtaining an initial "defect-free" surface on a Struers RotoPol-22 turntable before being ground under water for 3 min at 300 rpm on a 120 μm diamond grain size disk (Presi RefleX, Presi Sàrl, Le Locle, Switzerland).
Two additional specimens were used for assessment of the grinding damage using the Bonded Interface Configuration in which two sides perpendicular to each other are mirror polished. The two specimens are then bonded together on one of their mirror polished sides while the resultant top mirror polished surfaces are ground under water with a 120 μm diamond disk for 3 min at 300 rpm. After debonding the specimens, the extent of subsurface damage is measured under SEM on the polished side perpendicular to the ground surface.
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on PANalytical X'Pert PRO diffractometer in Bragg–Brentano ( θ –2 θ ) configuration. The incident X-rays had a wavelength of 1.540598 Å (Cu-Kα 1 ). The diffraction patterns were scanned over the angular range 20° < 2 θ < 100° with an angular step interval of 0.0167°. The samples were adhered using amorphous organic grease onto a vicinal-cut Si single-crystal plate. The crystalline phase identification from the phase-check data was performed using the JCPDS reference-card database and the 'Search-Match' utility of the software PANalytical X'Pert HighScore Plus. Monoclinic phase quantification was done by using the 'matrix method', as described in Garvie and Nicholson . The areas of the reflections were determined through modeling the observed reflections with linear background and asymmetric Lorentzian functions. Reflections were fitted into a diffraction pattern with the least-squares utility provided by the software WinXAS 3.2.The lattice parameters were determined with the Le Bail method using the FullProf software program . The profiles were fitted using Thompson-Cox-Hastings pseudo-Voigt function . The instrumental contribution for peak broadening was estimated with the measurement of the standard reference sample CeO 2 (NIST SRM674b).
The interceptive line technique applied to calibrated images and identical line pattern lead to an average grain size for G1 (control, as received) of 476 ± 73 nm, G2 (HIP 1400 °C) of 499 ± 68 nm and G3 (HIP 1350 °C) of 475 ± 65 nm. A small increase in grain size of 25 nm is noted for the 1400 °C HIP specimen ( Fig. 1 ).
SEM images at 30,000× magnification of mirror polished and thermally etched specimens. Average grain size: G1 control as received (476 ± 73 nm) (top); G2: HIP at 1400 °C (499 ± 68 nm) (center) and G3: HIP at 1350 °C (475 ± 65 nm) (bottom). Scale bar = 400 nm length.
Density measurements using Archimedes are summarized in the Table 2 . HIP at 1350 °C showed an increase in the relative density of 0.1% reaching 99.7% of the theoretical density of 6.09 g/cm 3 .
Archimedes density measurements.
Density (g/cm 3 )
Relative density (% TD)
G1 (as received) 3 6.067 ± 0.002 99.62 ± 0.04
G3 (HIP 1350 °C) 3 6.073 ± 0.001 99.72 ± 0.02
G4 (Ground 120 μm) 3 6.066 ± 0.001 99.60 ± 0.02
G5 (Ground 120 μm + HIP 1350 °C) 3 6.074 ± 0.002 99.74 ± 0.03
Grinding damage assessment
Damage from rough grinding with 120 μm diamond disk is documented in the following image ( Fig. 2 ). The grinding damage in form of scalloped chips into the bulk of the zirconia corresponds to radial cracks in the order of magnitude of 10–20 μm in depth.
Bonded interface image of 120 grit grinding damage (equivalent to 120 μm diamond bur) on 3Y-TZP. Damage in the form of chips (radial cracks) are between 10 and 20 μm in depth as seen at 3500× magnification (left) and 5000× magnification (right). Grinding damage with 120 μm on top surface shows scalloped chips between 10 and 20 μm depth.
Mechanical testing (4 point-bending)
The 4 point-bending Weibull characteristic strength ( σ 0 ) and reliability m parameter with respective confidence intervals (CI) calculated with a 90% confidence level are summarized in Table 3 . A significant difference in the characteristic strength was seen only between G1 (as received) and G5 (ground 120 μm + HIP 1350°). With only 15 specimens per group, no significant differences in the reliability are shown after rough grinding (120 μm) although the m value is low ( m = 6.35).
Four point-bending results for the Weibull characteristic strength σ 0 and reliability m parameter with respective confidence intervals (CI). Same superscript letters show no significant difference at 90% confidence level. A significant difference in the characteristic strength was seen only between G1 (as received) and G5 (ground 120 μm + HIP 1350°).
Experimental groups (3Y-TZP)
Weibull ( σ 0 ) + CI (MPa)
m (reliability) + CI
G1: Ctr (as received) 15 973 (932–1016) a 10.6 (7.45–15.1) a
G2: Ctr + HIP 1400 °C 15 930 (871–995) a,b 6.9 (4.87–9.9) a
G3: Ctr + HIP 1350 °C 15 898 (848–952) a,b 7.94 (5.6–11.4) a
G4: Ctr + mirror polish + ground 120 μm 15 921 (857–991) a,b 6.35 (4.48–9.11) a
G5: G4 + HIP 1350 °C 15 881 (847–918) b 11.4 (8.03–16.3) a
The effect of post-sinter HIP at 1400 °C (G2) and 1350 °C (G3) compared to the control (G1) is shown graphically in Fig. 3 representing the Weibull cumulative probability of failure distribution (left) and reliability (right). Color labels are blue for G1 (control), red for G2 (1400 °C), and black for G3 (1350 °C).
Weibull cumulative probability of failure distribution (left) and reliability (right) for group G1 (control, as received; blue), G2 (post-HIP 1400 °C, red) and G3 (post-HIP 1350 °C, black). No statistically significant difference exists among the σ 0 and m parameters between the groups at 95% confidence intervals and 90% confidence level (see Table 3 for values).
The effect of rough grinding (G4, green) and post grinding HIP (G5, black) compared to the control (G1, blue) is shown in the Weibull cumulative probability of failure distribution of Fig. 4 . A significant lowering in the σ 0 characteristic strength at 63% (shift to the left) is shown for G5 compared to G1. Rough grinding lowered the reliability ( m = 6.35) but not significantly.
Weibull probability of failure distribution (left) and reliability (right) of group G1 (control, as received, blue), G4 (ground 120 μm, green) and G5 (ground 120 μm + HIP 1350 °C, black). A statistically significant difference exists between G1 and G5 for the characteristic strength σ 0 but not for the reliability m parameter (see Table 3 for values and confidence intervals).
The fractographic analysis of the failed specimens showed the same dominant type of flaw in all of the tested groups ( Fig. 5 ) which is a porous region near the surface. These processing (i.e., pressing and sintering) subsurface flaws were in the order of 10–60 μm. Fig. 5 a and b illustrates porous regions as failure origins in the control group G1 (as received). Post-HIP at either 1400 °C (G2) ( Fig. 5 c) or 1350 °C (G3) ( Fig. 5 d) was not able to close any of the existing critical processing flaws from the as-received state. In Group 4 ( Fig. 5 e), rough grinding (120 μm) of the tensile surface did not modify critical pressing and sintering flaws (15–20 μm) related to the original processing of the bend bars. A failure relevant flaw of a specimen ground 120 μm followed by post-HIP 1350 °C (G5) is shown in Fig. 5 f. Post-HIP smoothened somehow the grinding marks compared to the image in Fig. 5 e but apparently had no ability in closing the critical subsurface defect.
Image a, b, represents processing (i.e. pressing and sintering) flaws of Group 1 (control, as received) in the order of 20–40 μm. Image c and d respectively show critical processing flaws which were not closed by HIP 1400 °C (G2) nor HIP 1350 °C (G3). Image e represents a predominant flaw nearby a ground 120 μm surface (G4) which is again related to the powder pressing and sintering process. Image f shows the subsurface processing critical flaw in G5 (grinding 120 μm followed by HIP1350°). HIP was unable to close any of the processing related flaws similar in size and location.
Structural transformation (XRD)
Enlarged XRD patterns within the range 25° < 2 θ < 40° for the different groups are shown in Fig. 6 . The main crystalline phase providing a sharp main reflection at around 30° in 2 θ was indexed to a tetragonal structure (space group P42/nmc ) with a diffraction pattern similar to the Zr 0.94 Y 0.06 O 1.88 (JCPDS-PDF: 01-089-9068) reference pattern. Broad reflections are observable within 2 θ < 30° in the sample G1 (as received) and G4 (Ground 120 μm), matching with the Zr 0.72 Y 0.28 O 1.862 (JCPDS-PDF: 01-077-2112) reference pattern presenting cubic crystal structure (space group: Fm-3m ). However, as discussed below, several crystal symmetries slightly distorted from cubic may explain these broad reflections and the phase(s) behind them will therefore be referred below commonly as the pseudo-cubic phase. Additionally, the reflection at 2 θ = 28.2°, matching with the monoclinic (space group: P2/c ) ZrO 2 phase (JCPDS: 00-007-0343, baddeleyite), was observed for the three samples G1, G4, G5 and was attributed to the monoclinic phase ( P2/c ). For the samples G2 (HIP 1400 °C) and G3 (HIP 1350 °C), however, only the tetragonal structure was identified.
Full-contour Y-TZP ceramic surface roughness effect on synthetic hydroxyapatite wear
Fracture toughness versusmicro-tensile bond strength testing of adhesive–dentin interfaces
Phase transformation and subsurface damage in 3Y-TZP after sandblasting
Physico-chemical characterization of zirconia–titania composites coated with an apatite layer for dental implants
Crystallization of high-strength nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics
Influence of crystal structure on debonding failure of zirconia veneered restorations
Fatigue loading and R-curve behavior of a dental glass-ceramic with multiple flaw distributions
The influence of irradiation potential on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of two bulk-fill flowable RBC base materials
Tags: Dental Materials Volume 29 Issue 9
Nov 25, 2017 | Posted by drzezo in Dental Materials | Comments Off on Post-hot isostatic pressing: A healing treatment for process related defects and laboratory grinding damage of dental zirconia?


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<iframe width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.theatlantic.com/video/iframe/586654/"></iframe> https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/586654/community-patrol/
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Watch a Community Police Itself
Apr 08, 2019 | 831 videos
Video by Andrew James
"This is one of the most crime-ridden areas in the country—one of the most murderous areas in the country," says Malik Shabazz, a minister in Detroit, in Andrew James's short documentary. "Friday, Saturday, Sunday, we want to patrol this whole area and make sure that there's no arson, no rape, no carjacking, no drug dealers—none of that. We can do this."
Shabazz features prominently in Community Patrol, an immersive piece of observational filmmaking that depicts community policing in action. The riveting film, premiering on The Atlantic today, follows Shabazz as he rallies his neighbors to knock on doors and peacefully confront the perpetrators of a drug operation that has set up shop next to Shabazz's church. Rather than report the offenders to the authorities, Shabazz and his cohort attempt to dissuade them from dealing in the first place.
"This is truly an act of brotherly love," Shabazz says in the film. "If we really didn't have that love for our brothers, we wouldn't be here trying to talk to you. That's our last resort—to see another brother go to jail, or another brother die. All we want to see is us pulling out of what we've been programmed to believe is the only thing we've got left."
According to James, Shabazz is involved with a local community organizing effort, Detroit 300, which was formed in response to growing crime in the city and has helped solve a number of cases, including the apprehension of a serial rapist. The filmmaker describes Malik as an empathetic figure who "commands attention and respect. I was immediately drawn to his authoritative and principled nature, thoughtful and compassionate leadership, and deep commitment to the black community."
Part of what makes Community Patrol so powerful is its ability to situate the audience directly inside the action as it unfolds. That cinema verité approach is undergirded by the time James spent with Shabazz establishing a trusting relationship. "As a filmmaker," James told me, "I gravitate toward the idea of capturing these circumstances observationally so that audiences can be immersed, feel the intimacy of the story, and share in a cinematic experience. No one wants to be preached to," he said, "but if you can capture a story authentically and frame it in the language of cinema, your work will have the ability to affect people in a deeper way.
"The point is to elevate [Shabazz's] perspective, get out of the way as much as possible, and allow what I captured to speak for itself," he added.
Time and time again, both research and real-world case studies have borne out the idea that communities that self-police can be more effective than strict law enforcement at mitigating criminal activity in underserved neighborhoods. It all boils down to a logical equation in social psychology. People tend to mirror the behavior of others in their social group, a phenomenon called social influence. If individuals consistently see evidence that their neighbors are making personal contributions to the public good, they will be more inclined to contribute in kind. As Dan M. Kahan details in his article "Reciprocity, Collective Action, and Community Policing" in the California Law Review, the traditional deterrence model of law enforcement does little to nurture perception of reciprocal cooperation. Public law enforcement provides "less exposure to monitoring, mentoring, and creating a street presence," with the consequence being that "individuals, as reciprocators, become even less inclined to engage in such behavior themselves … undermining the incentive to collaborate with each other to safeguard their communities from crime."
By galvanizing his community to negotiate compassionately with those disturbing the peace, Shabazz is encouraging his neighbors to view one another as partners in public safety. The goal is that this will create self-reinforcing patterns of common regard and concern, resulting in fewer crimes committed and fewer members of the community imprisoned.
Author: Emily Buder
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Love Music Images
"When A Man Loves A Woman" By Percy Sledge (
Singing collectively is one other way to have enjoyable as a household and revel in music with others. Kids love to learn simple songs, and this might help enrich their vocabulary and improve their listening expertise. I still keep in mind my younger sister dancing round in her diaper and singing Simon & Garfunkel songs at age three.
When you're in love with a girl there's so much you want to express with words. However, typically you could hit a wall with what you need to say or specific.
Choose from over 25 channels of love songs and music dedicated to the sound of romance. All songs are written particularly for kids aged four-eight with helpful musical extension ideas. There is also Yoga Musical Adventures (for three – 4 year olds). This class will help your baby be energetic, relieve stress and stay constructive! Children will study fundamental yoga positions and relaxations through simple and fun stories intertwined with songs.
If you're in love with two completely different people, this may be a warning signal about your present relationship. If you're traditionally solely in a position to love one individual at a time, you could be falling out of love together with your current companion. For some, the ability to like one person at a time is vital to a cheerful relationship. Some individuals really feel you cannot truly fall in love with two people, as love requires you've an intimate reference to solely a single particular person. If you are in love with two people, you might capable of have an intimate connection with two people that is equally deep and meaningful.
Here are 100 great love songs to get you began. Lulu hated the songs the producers of the film "To Sir With Love" had been considering for the soundtrack. She requested her friend Mark London to write down a title song she may sing. He composed the music in five minutes and the next day Don Black wrote the lyrics. Fall in love another time, we'll provide the music!
This could be complicated, particularly in case you are presently in a relationship. If you discover you are in love with two folks, consider your emotions. Think about your love for every particular person, and your personal emotions regarding monogamy.
Save that particular love track (the one that's most related to your relationship) for last.
When you make a playlist of affection songs or compile romantic songs on your boyfriend it is necessary you set thought and element into the sequence.
Considered by many to be the gold normal towards which all romantic standards are judged, this perennial marriage ceremony favorite marries a sublime, hovering melody by Jerome Kern with a private, wistful lyric by Dorothy Fields.
It's about eager to protect a perfect second that must pass—but which may a minimum of be extended and treasured in memory.
If you're in a relationship currently, you may need to set agency boundaries for the longer term. Dedicating songs to your girlfriend could be very romantic and brings a few feeling of nice wistfulness. You don't have to be at a elaborate restaurant or a particular place to dedicate a love music to your girlfriend.
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If you're in a relationship, figure out how to deal with emotions that verge on emotional infidelity. After figuring out your wants and desires, look into tips on how to transfer ahead.
In such occasions, it's sensible to allow songs to do the speaking. And, when you get it spot on with lyrics, you turn into completely adorable in a lady's eyes. While the songs you choose to dedicate to your girlfriend are entirely your choice, it's sensible to play love songs that have relatable lyrics. When you play songs that pertain to completely different instances in your love life, the dedication brings again fond reminiscences that make the second beautiful. There are other ways to dedicate a love song to your girlfriend.
Before going to the live performance, you possibly can discuss specific instruments that might be played, or what songs shall be sung. It helps to verbalize for your baby what sort of conduct might be expected within the concert surroundings. Hopefully, you'll be able to depart a kids's concert with good feelings all around, and a optimistic, enjoyable experience centered round music that your youngster will carry with them into the long run.
Do you are feeling you need to be emotionally invested in a single person at a time? Some people only want to give attention to one individual directly. Many folks find their capacity for love – romantic or in any other case – isn't finite. While many people revel within the idea of a single soul mate, it is possible to really feel love for two folks at the identical time.
"Woman In Love" – Barbra Streisand Hot one hundred Peak: No. 1 For Three Weeks (
People who're polyamorous don't feel monogamy is critical to a happy and fulfilling relationship. A lot of it is dependent upon your emotional comfort level and your emotions about love and romance. If you are able to be in love with two folks at the identical time, you might be polyamorous. Evaluate whether your feelings in your partner are waning.
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While working with soft sensors, I constructed a mask which has a soft sensor embedded in the lips. When the lips are touched or kissed, the cheeks of the mask will blush via red LEDs on the inside of the mask.
This examines the horrifying inverse relationship between hygiene and intimacy in our world which is more and more obsessed with cleanliness every day.


text:
Malaysia to Spearhead and Drive the Halal Economy at the Wor...| MENAFN.COM
Malaysia to Spearhead and Drive the Halal Economy at the World Expo 2020 – Halal Cluster Week
(MENAFN- A Communications) The Halal Development Corporation Berhad (HDC) and the Malaysia External Trade and Development Corporation (MATRADE) are set to host the Halal Cluster Week from 14 - 20 November 2021 at the Malaysia Pavilion, in conjunction with the ongoing World Expo 2020 Dubai in United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Organisers HDC and MATRADE, both agencies under the Malaysian Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), will be using the Halal Cluster Week to showcase the country's extensive capabilities in managing a global halal ecosystem and simultaneously, attract global players to use Malaysia as a viable hub for the production of halal products and services.
At the Halal Cluster Week, HDC will be organising daily thought leadership and pocket talks sessions, networking engagements and business meeting sessions throughout the five-day business mission to drive investor interest, raise awareness and initiate potential partnerships and collaborations.
"The Halal Cluster Week in Dubai is an opportunity for us to increase global awareness of Malaysia's capabilities in halal production and promotion, be it for halal funding with Islamic finance, or for halal integrity and traceability in the logistic industry which is today one of the key sectors that is ripe for further development and investment," said HDC's CEO Hairol Ariffein Sahari, during the launch of Halal Cluster Week.
MATRADE will be organizing business matching sessions via the Export Acceleration Mission (EAM) on Digital Halal Ecosystem, where a total of 19 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from Malaysia will be physically showcasing and offering various halal products and services for the global marketplace.
According to MATRADE's Deputy CEO, Sharimahton Mat Saleh "The Export Acceleration Mission (EAM) is a great platform to position Malaysian companies to the world and at the same time paved the way for exporters to discover the vast business opportunities in West Asia. In addition, the Malaysian delegates will also get first-hand information from the relevant authorities in the UAE during the trade mission." She added "In 2020, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was Malaysia's largest trading partner within West Asia region boasting RM20.65 billion worth of products such as Electrical & Electronic (E&E), Jewellery, Machinery, equipment and parts, Petroleum Products and Manufactures of Metal."
Aside from the 19 companies physically brought in, MATRADE is also continuously promoting Malaysian Halal products and services through MIHAS virtual exhibition which happens concurrently until 31 December 2021 and participated by 500 exhibitors.
HDC will be showcasing its recently launched Halal Integrated Platform (HIP) by bringing 100 companies virtually, via its Digital Augmented Reality Showcase of Halal Malaysia (DASH) platform, enabling local Halal SMEs to showcase their products and services interactively via Augmented Reality (AR) in 2D, 3D and video formats seamlessly worldwide.
HDC will also be announcing several international collaborations throughout the week, including a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between HDC and the Chartered Institute Logistics and Transport (CILT) International, which will culminate in the development of the Halal Supply Chain Management System (HSCMS).
The exchange ceremony of the MoU was held during the launch and HDC was represented by its Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Hairol Ariffein Sahari and CILT by The Hon. Dato' Hj. Muhammad Muhiyuddin Bin Abdullah, President of the Chartered Malaysia Institute Of Logistics & Transport, CMILT.
"The comprehensive HSCMS will cover both system and module developments, as well as halal training programmes to 36 CILT country offices worldwide, as well as the development of halal talent and experts. We are expecting a significant increase in Halal trade within the logistic industry with this partnership," added Hairol.
The CILT International, through the CILT Malaysia, identified HDC as a stepping stone to embark on Halal businesses and to elevate the talents, to increase the Halal trade and investment for the enabler framework for the Halal supply chain.
Malaysia's overall participation in the world expo is led by The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) with Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change Corporation (MGTC) as the implementing agency. Malaysia is one of the 192 countries and organisations participating in Expo 2020 Dubai, which is on-going from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022.
A Communications


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There are many various to be able to invest for the future. Other possible options out luckily there is a residential real estate investment. If you do not currently own a house, you should know that this a truly great investment still that is really really lead to the imminent. In fact, this is one reason persons choose pay for a home. It is commonly the best financial investment that believe that exercise make. You see, your property is something in your life that may be bought that really increase in value through the years. This is wonderful, and it would really help set you up for retirement in the foreseeable future. Do you have a residential buy?
Vendor marketing in any listing situation is desirable from the outset. It allows the property to be correctly marketed in a directly designed program. In simple terms you can reach the right target public.
8) Notify your commercial real estate investing agent or broker of the needs and desires regarding a location, which should be on your list that you created recently.
You rarely see investors in gambling establishments. That is because they get their thrills available for sale. They invest their gains in more property, thereby creating more wealth. Try listing the things you have done, in in the marketplace 12 months, which has the potential of creating wealth anyone. Having a job counts. Try to use that wealth develop more selection.
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New York, NY | | February 6, 2018, Offit Kurman is pleased to announce that Joseph Fields has joined the firm's office in New York City, as a principal-level attorney. He joins a team of attorneys with experience in various legal service areas, including real estate, financial institutions regulatory matters, insurance recovery, commercial litigation, and more.
A seasoned courtroom lawyer for over 25 years, Mr. Fields has litigated, arbitrated, and mediated commercial matters in numerous jurisdictions from inception through trial. He has a diverse background representing owners and developers in construction contracting and litigation, as well as financial services, telecommunications, insurance, internet, real estate, and other commercial clients in business matters, arbitrations, and federal and state court litigations. In addition to his trial-level experience, he is a veteran appellate practitioner. Over the course of his career, Mr. Fields has successfully litigated a number of construction and real estate disputes, insurance coverage matters, civil RICO cases, high-level exposure toxic tort matters, reinsurance disputes, development disputes, and telecommunications matters, among others.
Past and present experience includes litigating and settling multimillion-dollar Directors' & Officers' insurance coverage issues for Fortune 100 companies, recovering large sums under Errors and Omissions insurance policies, litigating multi-million-dollar casualty losses and large-scale environmental cost recovery matters and representing financial institutions in high-stakes litigations.
To get in touch with Joe Fields, please visit his attorney page. More information about Offit Kurman's comprehensive legal services can be found here. For details and directions to Offit Kurman's office in New York City, click here.


Ever heard of Second Life, the 3-D virtual world that lets users live a life without boundaries?
Millions of people were once like you, arriving on "Welcome Island" a bit unsure but quickly learning the ropes of walking, zooming with their camera, chatting, standing, sitting, flying, and teleporting.
And as people became acclimated to their new environment, they did what most of us in the "real world" do – they went shopping.
Second Life has become an economic hub whose marketplace supports millions of U.S. dollars in monthly transactions. The Second Life "Linden dollar" currency can be converted to U.S. dollars through online currency exchanges.
And Second Life sure knows how to appeal to its users' diverse shopping tastes. From tech gadgets to clothing, to medieval weaponry to designer shoes, the options are limitless. If you can imagine it, chances are someone is selling it.
But what exactly do companies do inside this 3-D virtual world? And why would a company choose to create a virtual storefront in Second Life?
Dozens of multinational corporations like IBM, Dell, and Verizon have flocked to Second Life. In addition to being part of a major economic hub, corporate executives enjoy maintaining their virtual presence because it enhances their brand while making tasks like job interviews, career fairs, teleconferences, and staff meetings more personal and productive. Not only is it more relaxing to be able to do this from the comfort of their desk or home, it further minimizes the logistics for employees to travel for meetings with clients or customers.
And for smaller companies, it offers an innovative branding solution to reach and attract repeat, loyal customers around the world.
And that's part of the reason PRIVATE WiFi created a virtual presence in Second Life. As a small company dedicated to protecting consumers' online privacy, it was a natural extension of the company's goals and initiatives.
In honor of hitting a new milestone – PRIVATE WiFi celebrated its first marketplace purchase in Second Life — we recently chatted with Maryrose Roeckell, PRIVATE WiFi's customer support manager and graphic designer. Maryrose is the woman responsible for creating PRIVATE WiFi's strong virtual presence within Second Life, earning a "5-star" rating for the virtual storefront on Second Life's famous marketplace.
Q: Tell us a little more about MD Properties.
A: MD Properties is owned by the avatar "Mary Dana" (aka, me, Maryrose Roeckell) and I have successfully launched a virtual presence for Private Communications Corp (which owns the PRIVATE WiFi software). MD Properties is one of the oldest real estate companies inside Second Life. They opened their doors in 2005 and have over 100 rental properties. As an MD property owner, I have participated as a Second Life Mentor, worked on Second Life's famous CSI NY Project, and created one of the first Marriage Ceremony Groups inside Second Life. My MD Properties group has over 150 active members. They have their own website at http://marydanaproperties.weebly.com.
Q: So this led to Private Communications Corp deciding to get in on the list of real-life businesses in Second Life?
A: Yes, exactly, the company wanted to conduct in-world operations along with other companies such as Dell, IBM, and Cisco. There was a period where real-life businesses were pulling out of Second Life, but more real-life businesses are slowly making their way back in due to niche marketing. Marketing a product inside Second Life is a lot different than marketing on the Internet. Once you realize that, your business will become successful in-world.
Q: Now we want to hear all about how you took Private Communications Corp.'s newly released software, PRIVATE WiFi, and created a virtual version of it for residents inside Second Life.
Q: How does this work for the typical buyer?
A. Well, this means that once the buyer obtains the software, he or she just takes it out of their inventory, and touches the software box to start the PRIVATE WiFi. This new virtual product will ensure safer Marketplace purchases, and more privacy playing on Second Life.
Q: What else do we need to know about finding the product or your profile?


text:
PRINCE OF THIEVES CEREAL
By now the story of Robin Hood is well-known. Robin of Locksley returned to England from the Crusades to discover that interim ruler Prince John had run roughshod over the citizenry with the aid of the crooked Sheriff of Nottingham. Locksley joined up with a group of misfits known as the Merry Men and set siege to John's empire by robbing from the wealthy and giving it back to the poor.
The story has been the basis of countless retellings across various media. 1991's version was Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, written by Pen Densham and John Watson, directed by Kevin Reynolds, and starring Kevin Costner in the title role. Despite mixed reviews and negative criticism directed at the screenplay and Costner's performance, the film went on to gross over $390.5 million; making it the second-highest grossing film of the year. It also featured the hit Bryan Adams song "(Everything I Do) I Do It For You".
The match game box.
As part of the film's promotional and merchandising campaign, Ralston acquired the rights to produce a cereal based on it. However, this cereal ended up being a bit of an oddity in the licensed cereal field. For starters, it lacked all Robin Hood branding was called simply Prince of Thieves Cereal. Instead of using a photo still of Costner from the film or even the movie's poster, a Robin Hood-esque drawing was put on the box bearing no resemblance to the actor. An earlier prototype box had Robin looking even less like the film's version with a more traditional outfit and accompanying hat. The cereal itself had fruit-flavored pieces shaped like arrows (although, they took on a more unfortunate shape in reality) with blue and green sprinkles.
Movie poster giveaway.
Like the film, the cereal ended up selling well enough to remain on store shelves for two years. During that time, it came with several activities on its box. One featured cards that could be cut out for a memory matching game. Another had arrows that could be cut out of the side panel and "shot" at a target gallery drawn onto the back panel or at enemies to rescue a princess. Another saw the box able to be turned into a small castle complete with people to populate it. One box featured a board game on the back panel with a die that could be cut out of the side and folded together. At one time, a free movie poster was offered inside as well as a send-away offer for a pop-up atlas.
Build your own castle!
The game box.
Shooting game boxes.
The prototype box.
Labels: Prince of Thieves Cereal, Ralston, Robin Hood
20TH ANNIVERSARIES
SPIDER-MAN 3 CEREAL
SPIDER-MAN MOVIE CEREALS
FANTASTIC VOYAGE (1968)
5TH ANNIVERSARIES
BUZZ BLASTS CEREAL
IT'S OUR 5TH ANNIVERSARY!!
THE NEVERENDING STORY
THE POLAR EXPRESS CEREAL
DISNEY FROZEN CEREAL
BEETHOVEN (1994)
DR. JOHN DEAD AT 77
INCREDIBLES 2 CEREAL
THE INCREDIBLES CEREAL
ALIENATORS: EVOLUTION CONTINUES


text:
Cicely welcomes her first guest on the podcast, Sergeant Major Keith Craig. The Sergeant Major is a public speaker, entertainment executive, philanthropist, and U.S. Army Veteran. He's also the author of Serving To Lead: Lessons in Adversity and Resilience from the Battlefield, Gridiron, and the Corporate World. In part one, Sergeant Major shares his journey from homelessness to a decorated career in the U.S. Army, the biggest culture shock he discovered after he left the military, and how he developed his leadership mentality through adversity.
About Keith Craig: Sergeant Major Keith L. Craig is an international best-selling author, who published 'Serving To Lead'. Sergeant Major is also an Entertainment Executive that worked in Burbank, CA at Walt Disney Studios, managing Central Division theatrical sales and distribution for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Prior to this, he served 32 years in the U.S. Army, retiring as a Sergeant Major. His time in service took him around the world where he served in 6 combat campaigns, conducted humanitarian and natural disaster operations played professional football, and oversaw the creation of senior enlisted training programs. In addition to his primary duties at Disney, Craig was President of the company's Diversity Resource Group SALUTE, charged with supporting military veterans employed by the studio, helping them integrate, strengthen and grow their careers and provide a sense of community within the organization.


A website that lacks identifiable author(s) or dates is a site to be wary of. Herewith are my credentials. I promise, this page is as self-indulgent as it gets.
This site was officially launched on February 3, 2009. The software I use is primitive, but I hope the information will help walkers.
I was born in England on February 3, 1950 and decided to come to Canada with my parents when they moved to Port Hope, Ontario, in 1954. Overall, it was a good decision. Years ago I returned to England several times to work in the theatre. It was in England that I undertook one of the best jobs I ever had: busking in London's Underground.
Whenever I can, I walk with my son Matt, and his wife, Rebecca. Matt is also an addicted walker and a musician.
Left: everything I need for a good walk.
When I was a kid, I played a lot of hockey. I was above average but far below the best. Now I get puffed after three minutes of skating at my friends' pond once or twice a year. At around the age of 10, I wanted to be a prospector (which involved a lot of walking in the woods, something that turned me on even back then). At our family cottage on Looncall Lake near Apsley, Ontario, I would colour in a special map every time I explored a new area. My Vishwawalking maps, complete with GPS-created trails, are not that different.
I live in Thomasburg (which I refer to as "corpus mundi") with my wife Carol. I have spent much of my life as an actor, and even more as an out-of-work actor. When I get a chance (i.e., when someone will employ me) I still act. Here's more detail about that aspect of my work at the Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia.
I am a musician and have an "organization" (members: one — me) known as the Choking Hazard Orchestra. I am a multi-instrumentalist, with flute and sax as my main instruments. (The website as of 2013 has cobwebs and is rotting at the core).
I have worked in local media, have done some writing for a now-defunct theatrical magazine and now teach in the media department at a community college.
When Australian Peter Snell, assessed by some as the best runner the world has ever seen, broke records and stunned folks at the 1963 Olympics, I became an instant fan. Occasionally I have been mistaken for him. I have also been mistaken for Peter Snell the famous movie producer (again, see above). It's unlikely either of these men have been mistaken for me, but I still await their emails describing such incidents.
I hold an MA in philosophy from Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, and struggled to get my PhD from York University in Toronto. I gave up at the dissertation stage, allowing me to join the ranks of the ABD ("All But Dissertation") fellowship.
Why a Vishwawalking site? Well, of course, like any project of this nature, it's partly vanity. As Thoreau said somewhere, he worried about talking about himself, but it was the subject he knew best.
However, I hope the practical research is useful and prompts more people to walk. Some people cultivate secret walks, or secret fishing spots and the like. I am not one of those. If I can convince someone to walk for the joy of it, I'm happy. Like many, I have problems with yahoos strewing garbage in beautiful places. I'm arrogant enough to think that walkers who look at my site are not destroyers but creators and caretakers of places of beauty.
institution — an abandoned "school for the "mentally retarded"
many an institution, so I felt at home.
I have a soft spot for 19th century walking chronicles, so at times there is a slightly academic side to this site. I trust folks will enjoy readings by and about those who have walked before us.
To contact me, click on the "Contact us" link to the left.


text:
package ServiceTests;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import shop.main.config.AppContextConfig;
import shop.main.data.entity.User;
import shop.main.data.entity.UserRole;
import shop.main.data.service.UserRoleService;
import shop.main.data.service.UserService;
import shop.main.utils.Constants;
import shop.main.utils.sqltracker.AssertSqlCount;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { AppContextConfig.class })
@WebAppConfiguration
@Sql({ "classpath:users.sql" })
public class TestUserAndUserRoleService {

	private final Long USERID = 1L;
	private final String ROLE = "USER";
	private final String EMAIL = "email@email.com";
	private final String PASSWORD = "12trWW00";
	private final String USERNAME = "default";
	private final Integer PAGE_SIZE = 10;
	private final Integer CURRENT = 0;
	private final String DUMMY_STRING = "DUMMY_STRING";
	private Pageable pageable;
	private User user;
	private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestBlockService.class);

	@Before
	public void before() {

		pageable = new PageRequest(CURRENT, PAGE_SIZE);
		user = userService.findUserById(1);
		AssertSqlCount.reset();
	}

	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("userRoleService")
	private UserRoleService userRoleService;

	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("userService")
	private UserService userService;

	@Test
	public void findByUsername() {
		User found = userService.findByUsername(USERNAME);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertNotNull(found);
	}

	@Test
	public void saveUser() {
		LOGGER.info("saveUser");
		User toSave = new User();
		toSave.setUsername(DUMMY_STRING);
		toSave.setEmail(EMAIL);
		toSave.setPassword(PASSWORD);
		userService.save(toSave);
		User found = userService.findUserById(toSave.getId());
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(2);
		Assert.assertNotNull(found);
	}

	@Test
	public void fingUserById() {
		LOGGER.info("fingUserById");
		User result = userService.findUserById(1);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertNotNull(result);
	}

	@Test
	public void findUserByUsername() {
		LOGGER.info("findUserByUsername");
		User result = userService.findByUsername(USERNAME);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertNotNull(result);
	}

	@Test
	public void findUserByEmail() {
		LOGGER.info("findUserByEmail");
		User result = userService.findUserByEmail(user.getEmail());
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertNotNull(result);
	}

	@Test
	public void deleteById() {
		LOGGER.info("deleteById");
		userService.deleteById(1);
		User result = userService.findUserById(1);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(2);
		Assert.assertNull(result);
	}

	@Test
	public void findAll() {
		LOGGER.info("findAll");
		List<User> result = userService.findAll(null, null, null, null, pageable);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertEquals(1, result.size());

	}

	@Test
	public void countAll() {
		LOGGER.info("countAll");
		long result = userService.countAll(null, null, null, null);
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertEquals(1, result);
	}

	// User registerNewUserAccount(User accountDto) throws EmailExistsException;
	// //

	// void createVerificationTokenForUser(User user, String token);
	//
	// VerificationToken getVerificationToken(String VerificationToken);
	//
	// VerificationToken generateNewVerificationToken(String token);
	//
	// String validateVerificationToken(String token);
	//
	// User getUserByToken(String verificationToken);
	//
	// void createPasswordResetTokenForUser(User user, String token);
	//
	// PasswordResetToken getPasswordResetToken(String token);
	//
	// User getUserByPasswordResetToken(String token);
	//
	// void changeUserPassword(User user, String password);
	//
	// boolean checkIfValidOldPassword(User user, String password);
	//
	// String validatePasswordResetToken(long id, String token);

	@Test
	public void save() {
		LOGGER.info("save");
		UserRole toSave = new UserRole(user, DUMMY_STRING);
		userRoleService.save(toSave);
		List<UserRole> found = userRoleService.findByUserName(user.getUsername());
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(2);
		Assert.assertNotNull(found);
	}

	@Test
	public void findByUserName() {
		LOGGER.info("findByUserName");
		List<UserRole> found = userRoleService.findByUserName(user.getUsername());
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertEquals(found.size(), 1);
	}

	@Test
	public void findOneByUserAndRole() {
		LOGGER.info("findOneByUserAndRole");
		UserRole found = userRoleService.findOneByUserAndRole(user, Constants.RoleType.USER.name());
		AssertSqlCount.assertSelectCount(1);
		Assert.assertNotNull(found);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Join us for an afternoon of ART, FILM, MUSIC, POETRY, DANCE, DRAMA, & SPEAKER SESSIONS all surrounding mental health awareness and creative therapy!!!!! .
RSVP for a complementary glass of champagne during the reception.
John Palom – Man of the House – @johnpalom ?
Akiya Mcknight – Black Mask – @visionarher ?
Steven Turner – The Hidden Toll – @stevengturner ?
Taj Omari- Joy @lost.kite ?
Actors (to perform a Monologue)?
Ben'a Klier Bouler @klierbouler ?


In times of exploding drug discovery and development costs 3D technologies to create ex vivo human tissues, organs, disease models and micro-physiological systems have the potential to reshape drug development. Together with the NIH/NCATS, PreComb has published a FEATURE article in in the January edition of "Drug Discovery Today" outlining what steps should be taken to exploit the 3D potential. A strategy is outlined for novel 3D-tailored holistic drug discovery concepts rather than piecemeal integration of 3D models into the current processes.
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) was established with the focus to transform the translational science process to enable faster delivery of new treatments for patients. It is one of 27 Institutes and Centers at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH).
In recognition of her excellent bachelor thesis in the field of Life Sciences and Diagnostics, Toolpoint and the VHB Foundation awarded Ms. Dafina Ismaili with the Lab Science Award 2019. Her work on "Heterotypic multicellular tumor spheroids and their use in the evaluation of combination therapies" was funded by PreComb Therapeutics and conducted at the Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) in Wädenswil, Switzerland.
The award ceremony will take place at this year's Swiss Symposium on Lab Automation at the University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil (HSR).
We congratulate Ms. Ismaili, the ZHAW Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering and the Group of 3D Tissues and Biofabrication for this success and the excellent collaboration.
PreComb, the leader in 3D microtumor combinatorial drug discovery, is excited to announce the appointment of Dr. Andrew Thomas as a new member of the Strategic Advisory Board. Dr. Thomas brings a wealth of expertise from over 20 year of key positions in global Pharma companies and small molecule drug discovery and development.
Dr. Thomas has previously been Global Head of Medicinal Chemistry at Roche, being responsible for creating and developing an innovative portfolio of small molecule medicines for Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Rare Diseases, Inflammation, Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Oncology. He is a founder and executive partner of IPSO group, Investment Director at Helvetica Capital and an active driver of the Swiss Entrepreneurs Foundation.
"We are proud to welcome Andrew in our Advisory Board" said Jens Kelm, CEO of PreComb. "His wealth of pharma experience in drug discovery and development and his entrepreneurial thinking will add tremendous value to our company and our mission to deliver novel combination therapies for difficult to treat cancers."
PreComb Therapeutics AG is a swiss-based biotechnology company focusing on the development of novel combination therapies, primarily for the use in oncology and immuno-oncology. PreComb is developing a phenotypical drug development platform using 3D microtumor cultures to enable high-throughput 3D combinatorial drug screening. The platform shall deliver more efficient cancer therapies to substantially improve long-term prognosis and quality-of-life for patients.
For more Information about PreComb Therapeutics, please visit https://www.precomb.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
PreComb, the leader in micro-tumor based drug discovery, today announced the formation of its new advisory board, a strategic committee of trusted advisors.
"The search for experienced Advisory Board members to support the development of PreComb has been a thoughtful exercise" said Jens M. Kelm, CEO of PreComb Therapeutics. "We've been very fortunate to attract highly networked advisors with extensive practical experiences in Biotech industry, preclinical and clinical cancer research. We are looking forward to work with our advisors to quickly implement our ideas and leverage their expertise to develop novel anti-cancer combination therapies.
PreComb Therapeutics AG is a swiss-based biotechnology company focusing on the development of novel combination therapies, primarily for the use in oncology and immuno-oncology. PreComb is developing a phenotypical drug development platform using 3D microtissue culture to enable high-throughput combinatorial drug screening. The platform shall deliver more efficient cancer therapies to substantially improve long-term prognosis and quality-of-life for patients.


Rubinelli Vajol Philosopy is to offer the beauty and delicious goodness coming from the very heart of Valpolicella.
Rubinelli Vajol is an Italian winery who produce great wines by respecting nature. The whole environment is as beautiful as a poem. The land of Vajol is located in the centre of Valpolicella. The charm of their country house, their wine cellar, the Corte of Sant'Anna, and the Vajol village covered by vineyards, decorated by brick walls, olive trees, cherry blossoms and almond trees, are very much. The essence of Valpolicella's classical beauty.
Their delicious wines, the noble nectar of the grapes, contain the sweet secrets stored in the centre of Valpolicella: a slow time, during which our grapes mature in the valleys of the sun and are covered by rolling hills. It's the right time to rest the grapes, and finally enjoy the dream of sleeping in a huge oak barrel, in the cool wine cellar on the mountain side.
The story of Rubinelli Vajol starts with Gaetano Rubinelli, the founder of a family who lived in Valpolicella for generations. The Chievo dam was built along the Adige River and powered to all Verona industries at the beginning of this century. Gaetano Rubinelli purchased this beautiful country location, fascinated by its perfect setting, and location in the heart of Valpolicella. Over the years, the Rubinelli family decided to start their own wine production, so they dreamed of expressing the exquisiteness and excellence of their land products and realized it! High quality grapes, due to growth and maturity in an ideal environment: soil…the sun…and the gentle climate and gentle breeze of Conca del Vajol.
They produce five number bottles of Valpolicella classical wines: amarone, ripasso, valpolicella classico superiore, valpolicella classico, recioto. All of five wines feature the classic Valpolicella five native grapes: Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara and Oseleta. The flavour and aroma of the five local grape varieties can only be protected in large oak barrels in France and Slavonia. In the long-term refining process, these barrels provide the right balance of wood, retaining and enhancing the strong aroma of these lands. They only use 30 or 50 litre barrels to get unique and elegant wines.
Are you excited to know more about Rubinelli Vajol? Don't hesitate to click HERE for more information!
← Pomario: Respect nature to make great wines!


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HomeNewsDAVID BOWIE feared he would be assassinated by a sniper at a concert in Ireland
DAVID BOWIE feared he would be assassinated by a sniper at a concert in Ireland
December 22, 2018 Mark Millar News 0
David Bowie feared he would be assassinated by a sniper at a concert in Ireland in 1987. The 69-year-old star passed away in 2016 after a secret battle with cancer but Irish musician Christy Dignam, of rock band Aslan, has revealed that David was terrified about an assassination attempt when he took to the stage at Slane Castle in Ireland in 1987.
Speaking on Virgin Media One's 'Six O'Clock Show', Christy – whose band supported Bowie at the gig – said: "At the time Bowie didn't want to meet us, because he was over here as an Englishman in Ireland during the Troubles, and [John] Lennon was after being shot a couple of years before that. He was really paranoid because when he was going on stage, we were backstage and he went on in a military formation.
"There was about 12 or 16 of them in the band, and they were all dressed in grey boiler suits, so if there was a sniper there they could not have picked out which one was Bowie." Although Aslan tried and failed to get Bowie's autograph after the Slane concert, they bumped into the star years later when he confessed the security measures he had taken to protect himself in Ireland.
Meanwhile, it was recently revealed that David wouldn't let his Glastonbury Festival headline set be aired live in 2000. The late music icon played on the Pyramid Stage 18 years ago, but the BBC weren't allowed to show more than half an hour from the career-spanning performance.
Mark Cropper – who has long been the producer of the BBC's coverage of the Worthy Farm festival – said: "I think Bowie knew exactly what he was doing on the night of 25 June 2000. "He wasn't about to give away his peak performance for nothing. "He hoarded that night so that one day it could be shown in all its glory as his legacy, the culmination of his golden years and surely his greatest concert since he buried Ziggy Stardust at Hammersmith in July 1973.
"It's a time capsule of his life, ready to be shared with us now that the stars have aligned." The legendary headline performance was released in full for the first time in November.
Christy Dignam
Slane Castle
TAKE THAT have called off their upcoming world tour
NOEL GALLAGHER expected being a solo artist to be "hard work"
DAVID BOWIE: 'No Plan' Video and EP Released On His 70th Birthday
January 11, 2017 Mark Millar New music, News, Videos 0
One minute past midnight on January 8th, the day that would have been David Bowie's 70th birthday, a subtly stunning video for the song "No Plan" surfaced quietly, watch BELOW. The "No Plan" clip was […]
New Sky Arts documentary on iconic Hansa Studios: By The Wall 1976-90 airs on 10th January
'Hansa Studios: By the Wall 1976-90' is a brand new, feature-length film by Mike Christie documenting the historical, cultural and artistic significance of Hansa Studios – an iconic music recording studio complex situated in Berlin. […]
David Bowie: "No Plan" EP to Get Physical CD & Vinyl Release
February 6, 2017 Mark Millar New music, News 0
Featuring the three final David Bowie studio recordings during the sessions for his 28th and final album, ★, the No Plan EP is now being made available on CD and special vinyl formats including a […]


Lignano, a 8 Km peninsula stretching out to the Adriatic Sea, is situated between Venice and Trieste. Lignano is a well known international holiday resort with a mild, healthy climate, outstanding facilities for sport and entertainment. During their stay in our Junior Summer Camp in Lignano the young learners will enjoy the lively atmosphere and excellent amenities of this seaside resort.
Linguaviva Summer School for Juniors in Lignano provides the ideal environment for study and leisure. Our young students will be given the opportunity to learn Italian, meet and integrate with peers from various parts of the world while attending the language classes and during the leisure and sport activity programme.


Qualities for Successful Public Relations Staff.
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Importance of Body Language in Public Relations.
Corporate Image Identity and Reputation.
Public and Community Oriented Activities Aimed at Internal and External Public.
Building Good Relationships with the Media.
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Public Relations Role in Marketing and Advertising.


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El Tractat d'Alcaràs (en castellà, Tratado de Alcaraz), signat a Alcaraz el mes d'abril de 1243, reconeixia el protectorat castellà sobre l'emirat de Múrsiya i va significar la seva incorporació a Castella com a Regne de Múrcia. El procés d'incorporació va ser llarg, iniciat el 1243 i acabat el 1266.

La mort de Muhàmmad ibn Hud el 1238, quan lluitava infructuosament per reunificar l'Àndalus, repercutirà negativament en el Regne de Múrcia.

Des del Tractat de Cazorla signat el 1179 entre els monarques d'Aragó i Castella, es tenia clar que en el procés de conquesta de l'Àndalus el regne musulmà de Múrcia seria incorporat totalment a la Corona castellana.

El Tractat d'Alcaraz va ser signat per Alfons de Castella com a infant hereu de Castella amb diversos senyors del desunit emirat murcià. El Tractat d'Almizra (1244), no només fixava frontera amb Aragó, sinó que va permetre la total ocupació del territori, el canvi immediat de les tinences en senyorius i el pas de la coexistència a la convivència.

Referències

Història de Múrcia
Alcaraz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How do I see completed or historical evaluations?
Click the Completed Evaluations tab to view any evaluations you have completed. The name of the employee, the name of the form and the date completed will be listed. You can view the evaluations in PDF format and print using your Internet Browser functionality. Employees can view their completed evaluations by logging in to their PeopleMatter account, clicking on the PERFORM tab and going to the My Evaluations tab.


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TOTAL SPORTEK
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Training Kit Sponsorship Deals Becoming Trendy In Football
December 1, 2015 By totalsportek2
Big clubs around Europe have signed lucrative kit deals in the past few years most notably Manchester United who signed a massive £75 million a year kit suppliers deal with Adidas and they also signed a record breaking shirt sponsorship deal with "Chevrolet" valued at £53 million a year. Chelsea also signed a £40 million a year shirt sponsorship deal with "Yokohama Tyres" quite recently. Other big teams around europe likes of Barcelona, Real Madrid, Bayern, Arsenal and PSG etc all have big kit deals.
Now there is another growing trend of training kit sponsorships. Manchester United were the the first high profile team to sign training kit sponsorship with DHL few years back where they earned £10million-a-year. They signed new training kit deal with "AON" at the start of 2013-14 season and that deal is worth £120 million for 8 years.
Chelsea has also announced their training kits sponsorship with thai soft drink company called "CARABAO". The new deal will come into play from the start of 2016-17 season and "CARABAO" logo will be seen at the training kits, pre-match warm-up kits, press conferences apparel etc.
The new deal is worth around £10 million a year with a 3 year contract bringing in £30 million in total for next three years. Premier League clubs are not the only one to exploit more options to bring in extra revenue. FC Barcelona who has a massive £27 million a year kit deal with Qatar-Airways, now they are about to sign a new training kit deal with spanish gambling & gaming company called "Botemania". The new 4 year deal is likely to be worth £59 million making it £14.7 million year.
Top 3 Training Kit Deals In Football
NO# TEAM SPONSOR CONTRACT
1 Manchester United AON 8 year contract worth £120 million (£15m a year)
2 Barcelona Botemania 4 year contract worth £59 million (£14.7m a year)
3 Chelsea CARABAO 3 year contract worth £30 million (£10m a year)
Filed Under: Money
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The Muppets clip: Mindy Kaling can't sing in winter finale
By Danielle Zhu Updated December 08, 2015 at 12:40 AM EST
Show MoreAbout The Muppets
In the upcoming winter finale of The Muppets, Kermit and company prepare for the annual holiday special of "Up Late with Miss Piggy," featuring guest star Mindy Kaling. Unfortunately, they run into some problems, including the fact that Kaling — who's doing a duet with Piggy — can't sing.
In a line that could have been delivered by Miss Piggy, Kaling is quick to blame others for her lackluster performance. "What is going on with the band?" she asks Kermit in the clip. "I love the band. I love their energy. I love their little outfits. But I think they're bad. They couldn't follow me. I mean, it's not my fault. I can sing. I sing all the time, and the people who work for me tell me I'm amazing."
Watch the clip above for a sneak peek at the episode, which airs Tuesday, 8 p.m. ET on ABC.
ABC revival – 2015 series


2019 Cruiser RV Stryker STG-3212 - For Sale in Bedford, PA.
It's time to take your off-road trip to the next level of entertainment with a Cruiser Stryker toy hauler model STG-3212. Not only is there 12 1/2' of garage space, the living room and kitchen are completely separate. Inside, you have theatre seating, a split kitchen, a closet, and a private front bedroom. Outside, set up a few chairs out on the patio and enjoy the weather.


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Home / Book Shelf / Jewish, Gay and Proud
Jewish, Gay and Proud | Book
The Foundation of Beth Chayim Chadashim as a Milestone of Jewish Homosexual Integration
by Jan Wilkens
published by Potsdam University Press Series "Pri HaPardes"
November 2020. 120 pages. ISBN 978-3-86956-492-0
available via OpenAccess: https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/47370/file/prihapardes13.pdf
This publication examines the foundation and institutional integration of the first gay-lesbian synagogue Beth Chayim Chadashim, which was founded in Los Angeles in 1972. As early as June 1974, the synagogue was admitted to the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the umbrella organization of the Reform congregations in the United States. Previously, the potential acceptance of a congregation by and for homosexual Jews triggered an intense and broad debate within Reform Judaism. The work asks how it was possible to successfully establish a gay-lesbian synagogue at a time when homosexual acts were considered unnatural and contrary to tradition by almost the entire Jewish community. The starting point of the argumentation is, in addition to general changes in American synagogues after World War II, the assumption that Los Angeles was the most suitable place for this foundation. Los Angeles has an impressive queer history and the Jewish community was more open, tolerant and innovative here than its counterpart on the East Coast. The Metropolitan Community Church was also founded in the city, and as the largest religious institution for homosexual Christians, it also served as the birthplace of queer synagogues. Reform Judaism was chosen as the place of institutional integration of the community because a relative openness for such an endeavor was only seen here. Responsa written in response to a potential admission of Beth Chayim Chadashim can be used to understand the arguments and positions of rabbis and psychologists regarding homosexuality and communities for homosexual Jews in the early 1970s. Ultimately, the commitment and dedication of the congregation and its heterosexual supporters convinced the decision-makers in Reform Judaism. The decisive impulse to question the situation of homosexual Jews in Judaism came from Los Angeles. With its analysis, the publication contributes to the understanding of Queer Jewish History in general and queer synagogues in particular.


I was shocked to learn yesterday that Switzerland didn't grant votes to women until 1971. Other European foot-draggers like France granted this right at the end of the second world war, making Switzerland over 25 years later than its cultural counterparts.
On doing a little research, it seems that the commonly accepted explanation is a peculiarity of Switzerland's statute book. Changes to the constitution can only be ratified via a referendum of existing voters. These were of course men: so it took until 1971 to persuade a majority of male Swiss voters to grant women the vote.
I feel uneasy about this explanation for two reasons. Firstly, although the referendum requirement is unusual, voting rights for women must obviously have been passed via all-male governments in all the other states which implemented it decades before the Swiss. Second, one would assume that voting rights for women were an uncontentious issue elsewhere in Western Europe well before the 1970's. If so, that still seems an unusually long time for the Swiss to copy the commonly accepted societal norms of their cultural peers.
So: were there any deeper reasons as to why it took so long for Switzerland to implement women's suffrage?
In Switzerland, it had to pass a popular referendum. (Switzerland also joined the UN and legalized abortion only in 2002 — both decisions that were passed through referendum.) Similarly in Liechtenstein, 1984, where the 4th referendum in 16 years only narrowly passed despite support from newspapers and both major political parties.
And in France for example, the Committee for National Liberation simply gave women the right to vote in 1944. Were it by referendum, it would probably have taken years more before French women had the right to vote (though perhaps not as late as 1971).
One might then ask, "Why are (male) legislators more inclined than the general male population to give women the vote?"
Thinking selfishly and ignoring the moral element, if you are a man on the street, giving women the right to vote simply means your voting power is halved. This is purely a bad thing.
But if you are a legislator, it is unclear whether women voting is necessarily a bad thing. Indeed with women voting, this might be a good thing for some legislators, who can now get a bigger proportion of votes.
I'm looking for an answer on why 1971 succeeded - why didn't it happen in 1965 or 1995. What happened that made the 1971 attempt successful?
I think it was less "something special or dramatic happened circa 1971" than "gradual evolution of social attitudes" (not unlike what we see in various countries today with gay marriage).
1959 national referendum: Rejected 66.9% to 33.1%.
Introduction of Women's Suffrage at the Cantonal Level. 1959: Vaud and Neuchâtel. 1960: Geneva. 1966: Basel-Stadt. 1968: Basel-Landschaft. 1969: Ticino. 1970: Valais, Lucerne, Zurich. 1971: Aargau, Fribourg, Schaffhausen and Zug.
Feb 1971: National referendum passes 65.7% - 34.3%.
The Appenzells only gave women the right to vote (cantonal) in 1989 and 1990.
Well the "Reason" to this was the Swiss vote system. To make a change in the Swiss constitution, a "vote initiative" has to be submitted. If the prospective vote initiative fulfills some conditions and other things, it gets to be an initiative. This initiative goes out and then the people which are allow can vote about it. They can accept or decline it. If they accept the changes will be made, if not, they won't be made.
Until 7 Feb. 1971, only Swiss men could vote about such an initiative. So simply the Swiss men were the reason why women couldn't vote in Switzerland until 1971.
Before the vote in 1971 it was likely that the vote could end in a NO, so the opponent's of this initiative tried to stop it. Very successfully as we know today. But in 1971 it was more likely that the initiative would be accepted, so the opponent's stepped back from fighting against it (so that they wouldn't lose potential voters).
Due to this, the initiative was accepted more easily, but please be aware this was for the "country" level. The catons Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Obwalden, Schwyz, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Uri still declined to grant woman the right to vote in their Cantons.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged political-history switzerland women voting or ask your own question.
Did Tirol annex land (right flank of Val d'Avigna) from Switzerland between 1859 and 1869?
Did German citizens need a visa to enter Switzerland in 1945?


Create a vintage Christmas look with blue opaque frosted bulbs this year! You'll love these convenient light sets for their easy installation, long life and weather resistance, not to mention the retro design! Hang blue opaque lights across the roof, down the walkway or along your fence for a traditional holiday display enhanced with modern reliability.
I love that I can replace the bulbs if necessary.


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After The Coronavirus: Your Next Road Trip May Look Like This
by CRA | 28 May, 2020 | Blog Articles, Travel News | 0 comments
Six Mile Road in the heart of Gold Country provides a scenic drive through a canopy of trees in the town of Murphys, Calif. In the time of coronavirus, more people are looking at car trips as opposed to flying. (Photo: Mark Boster, TNS)
CRA Travel News – USA
By Catharine Hamm
Few things having to do with travel will be unchanged in the post-coronavirus world, but of all the ways we travel, the all-American road trip may be least affected — at least, from a regulatory standpoint. No one will tell you to wear a mask or take your temperature or demand blood work before you hit the road this summer.
But questions abound about this American institution, including whether it's safe — at least, safer than airline travel.
Here's what your road trip of the future may look like.
Is driving safer than flying?
People are increasingly looking at car trips for their vacation plans, according to data from MMGY Travel Intelligence in partnership with the U.S. Travel Association. In a survey taken April 17-22, 47% of respondents said they would be more likely to travel by car, an increase from 35% in data collected April 4-11.
For all travelers, safety is a priority, and many are asking whether driving is safer than flying these days.
In terms of the coronavirus, probably, said Dr. Robert Winters, a Southern California infectious disease specialist.
"If traveling with others in a car, one would assume you know the person that is sitting next to you and you know their health status," Winters said in an email.
"Car travel has to be safer than airline travel when you factor in controlled boarding/exiting processes, number of people on the airplane, unknown health status of people on the flight, uncooperative children sitting near you, etc."
In terms of crashes, planes are safer. In 2019, about 39,000 people died in automobile accidents, according to the National Safety Council. Airplane crashes caused 257 deaths that year, according to To70's aviation review.
■ Do your car's regular pre-trip check — tires, especially — that AAA recommends, noting that getting stranded may have greater consequences because of reduced service.
■ Check conditions at your destination to ensure that you're not hitting a hot spot. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers a map that shows hot spots and provides data at bit.ly/coronavirushotspots
■ Double-check whether the state you're heading to has self-quarantine in effect. Although federal law cannot bar you from traveling to a state, local authorities can require self-quarantine for as long as 14 days. To check whether the state you're planning to visit has such a regulation, call the state health authority from a list provided by the CDC: bit.ly/statehealthdepartments.
■ Pack masks and gloves for all riders, Winters said, and make provisions for hand washing/sanitzer (BYOSS — bring your own soap and sanitizer). Disinfectant wipes are a must.
■ Check in with your health care provider, AAA suggests, especially if your passengers are older or have medical issues.
■Pack a cooler with drinks and snacks, including high-protein goodies that will not go bad, to reduce the number of stops.
■ Clean your car. About a third of drivers clean the inside of their car only about once a year, said Sheryl Connelly, a futurist who studies global consumer trends for Ford Motor Co., adding that the steering wheel is generally four times dirtier than a restroom. Besides that high-touch point, clean safety belts, door handles and even the fob you use to start the car. In the future, cars may have anti-microbial surfaces, she said. The CDC offers suggestions on how to sanitize your home, many of which are applicable to the car: bit.ly/CDCclisinfecting. (Bleach or cleaning solutions with bleaching agents should not be used on surfaces, such as carpeting, that are not colorfast.)
■ Pack plenty of charging cords and perhaps external batteries for electronic devices. If your navigation system contains emergency calling, enable that as well, Connelly said.
■ Plan like a demon. You don't want to wing it, especially for hotels, restaurants or rest areas. And don't rely on websites, said Bill Clevlen, a travel broadcaster and writer who travels to 50 or 60 destinations a year as he helps travelers "rediscover" America.
"If you're planning on making a pit stop or two along your route, call … to make sure the restaurant or rest area is actually going to be open," he said in an email. "Some will have shut down for good or will have had hours change. This is particularly true in places that have relied solely on 'travel traffic' away from more populated areas."
■ Read the fine print. Understand the lodging's cancellation rules. "Make sure the hotel or rental property you book has an ironclad refund policy," Clevlen said. "Major hotels seem to have been very reasonable, but still ask." Booking directly with the hotel may spare you some back and forth with a third-party site if something goes wrong, he said.
And now, for some good news
In a year in which good news has been rare, here's some: You'll pay significantly less for gasoline. Small fluctuations in gas prices usually make little difference in your trip costs, but this year is an exception.
Let's say you're driving to San Francisco and back. You fill up in L.A. for the trip north at an average of $2.83 a gallon and in San Francisco at $2.99 a gallon for the trip home in a car that averages 30 mpg. This year, you'll save more than $33 in gas, based on year-ago prices in both locations that topped $4 a gallon, according to the AAA Gas Prices report.
Will low prices continue? Definite maybe. Prices increased by a penny a gallon on May 1. As long as there is an oversupply of oil, as has been the case in recent weeks, your outlay for your miles on the L.A.-San Francisco trip may continue to total $75 or less.
One final, delicate topic: the rest stop
Calling ahead to be sure your favorite rest stop is open is a good idea. You'll also want to take an occasional break and avoid driving drowsy, which accounted for more than 100,000 accidents in 2019, according to the National Safety Council. Further, the CDC notes that many thousands of Americans report "short sleep," that is, getting less than seven hours a night.
Add to that the stress of recent events that's keeping us awake, and it's a formula for falling asleep at the wheel.
So by all means, stop. Pull over. Take a snooze. But before using the restroom, consider the grunge factors. You need a restroom with soap and hot water, two forceful combatants against the coronavirus.
Create a restroom break kit for each person traveling with you: small bars of soap, paper towels (for drying and avoiding high-touch handles), travel-size packs of toilet seat covers; include hand sanitizer and wipes for when soap and water are not available.
If you are at a gas station, consider the restroom break after you pump gas, and wash hands before and after. (If only pumping gas, gloves are a good idea. Dispose in the nearby trash containers, not on the ground.)
Overreacting? Possibly. But in this age of the coronavirus, we must act as though our life depends on the precautions we take.
Credit to Detroit News.


Eden Hazard & the False-Nine formation - Is this now the way forward?
Having ended Manchester City's unbeaten run at Stamford Bridge with a 2-0 victory two weeks ago many of us would have been surprised that Maurizio Sarri opted for the same false-nine formation against Brighton. Is this the way forward for Chelsea or should we be looking at alternative options?
Eden Hazard had a good game against Brighton with a goal and an assist following up on his assist against Manchester City. On both occasions, he was able to collect the ball facing his opponents, to take them on and cross into the box from a wide area. If he continues to do so with others getting up around him to support him, then I believe we could be onto something.
However, I still personally believe that you do not get the best out of Eden Hazard with his back to goal and a centre-back marking him closely - as the option to play a pass to out of midfield or defence. You get the best out of Eden Hazard by giving him licence to move into space either side or just in behind the main striker. He WILL hurt the opposition by collecting a pass and immediately facing up to his marker or nearest opponent and as we have seen, you give Eden Hazard space then you are in trouble.
Another issue I have here is the message Maurizio Sarri is giving Alvaro Morata and Olivier Giroud. Morata was sat in the stands against Manchester City and then picked up an injury against Vidi last week. He missed the game at the weekend against Brighton because of it but as we all know has been struggling of late for form. If anything, his form has stuttered ever since he arrived at our club (despite the fact that I believe he is different class and a good run of games should see more goals).
Olivier Giroud has done nothing but impress all of us with his contribution and (it has to be said) his quality since he arrived almost a year ago. He has given various demonstrations of being the perfect foil for the likes of Eden Hazard, Willian and Pedro up front as the target man that they can all play up to. He has proven his ability with the ball at his feet, he can score goals and steps up in the big games.
So to the January transfer window and as we have all seen, Chelsea are being linked with all-sorts of names which will continue right through to the end of January. Some of those names are strikers with Callum Wilson and Mauro Icardi being touted as potential signings with the likes of Tammy Abraham and Michy Batshuayi being possibly recalled from loan. Now let me just say that this all rumour and speculation at the moment with no indication of any real substance. The only thing that I will say is the decision to move to a false-nine against Manchester City is understandable, to do it against Brighton leaves you slightly confused questioning Sarri's trust in the options he has available at the current time.
The thing is, I can only see it changing and the team/formation rotating as we move into the ridiculously busy Christmas period. With so many games coming thick and fast it would be impossible to stick with the same eleven players in the same shape for every single one of them. There is an opportunity for Alvaro Morata and Olivier Giroud to remind Maurizio Sarri of their worth to the team as we look to maintain our position in the top four, to hopefully extend our advantage over Arsenal.
If not then for Maurizio Sarri it seems to be clear. Stick with Eden Hazard up front or make new signings.