text:
Introduction we can understand it as a demand
Comments Off on Introduction we can understand it as a demand
'Amandla!',
'Ngawethu!' were the fervent chants that reverberated across South Africa in
the 1990s, as Nelson Mandela forged the path towards an apartheid-free land.
Connoting to 'Power!', 'It is ours!', this is only one of countless
manifestations of the democratic ideal of 'power by the people'. Such calls
seem to arise during times of deep-seated social, political or economic
conflict between the political elites of nations and their citizens. Thus, we
can understand it as a demand for decision-making to be returned from
governments to the people.
foremost, it is important to determine whether the political institutions of
modern democracies are compatible with the democratic ideal of 'power by the
people'. In doing so, this essay will detail the theory of direct democracy,
specifically through the analysis of referendum and initiative processes.
Furthering this, explorations of the combined use of direct and representative
democracy in countries such as the United States, Australia and the United
Kingdom will aid in illustrating the merits and downfalls of each. Ultimately,
leading to a conclusion on the feasibility of direct democracy in the modern
Direct and representative democracy
democracy can be defined as a political system that permits 'ordinary citizens
to vote directly on laws rather than candidates for office' (Matsusaka, 2005,
p.187). Contrastingly, representative democracy is when the legislature
undertakes actions, such as policy-making, on behalf of the citizens (Gailmard,
2005, p.3). This distinction is crucial as there is concern that the schism
between elected representatives and the population is not reconciling quickly
enough to cope with the advancements of modern society. With the escalation of
these sentiments, the two types of democracies will inevitably collide- the
opposing arguments of which will be assessed.
Referendums and initiatives
The two main
instruments of direct democracy are referendums and initiatives. The former
refers to votes on approved laws that are initiated by a governing body, the
result of which is typically legally binding upon the body that authorised it
(Leduc, 2002, p.73), while the latter refers to new laws that are proposed by
ordinary citizens by way of collecting a minimum number of signatures from
eligible voters (Matsusaka, 2005, p.187). This is known as the direct effect of
direct democracy, whereby intermediary institutions are excluded and
information is not filtered before reaching citizens. Both processes politicise
society, by demanding public participation in policy-making and promoting
candid interaction with the state.
Rise of direct democracy
democracy has ostensibly weakened the duality of democracy being the governing
'of the people' and 'by the people'. Although voters select their preferred
representatives during elections, these representatives are free to vote on
public policies in the way they want rather than what electors want. Mishandling
of such responsibility has resulted in a 'democratic deficit', whereby turnout
in election voting and political participation has significantly declined
(Leduc, 2002, p.70). As shown in Figure 1, voter turnout in European elections
has been decreasing between 1979-2014, reaching an all-time low of 42.61% in
2014 (Banks, 2014). This political apathy can be explained by widespread
disaffection regarding the reluctance of representative democracy to evolve based
on society's needs and wants.
1: European election turnouts (Europarl, 2014)
positive attitudes towards referendums and initiatives are gaining ground. When
asked whether 'Referendums and citizen initiated referendums are good things',
54% of Canadians, 50% of New Zealanders and 70% of Americans answered
affirmatively (Bowler, Donovan and Karp, 2002). Indeed,
shifts to direct democracy often take place when the government cannot keep up
with dramatic social, economic and political changes in society. As we are now faced with a shift from an industrial
economy to one based on information technology (Tolbert, 2003), gross wealth
inequalities are being magnified worldwide. As
shown in Figure 2, over 70% of the global adult population own less than
$10,000, while only 8.6% of the same demographic own more than $100,000. Understandably, many are no longer content to sit
idly by while a purportedly representative government continues to act in their
own vested interests.
Figure 2: Global wealth
distribution (Inequality.org, 2017)
Voter median theorem
representative democracies, policy congruence refers to the degree to which
public policies reflect the majority will of the electorate (Leemann and
Wasserfallen, 2016). Within this theorem, the government and voters move along
a continuous scale that indicates their degree of support for a specific policy
decision.
legislature is 'unconstrained' when it passes laws at its ideal point, and when
there is no initiative that the proposer and voters prefer to the legislature's
ideal policy. On the other hand, the legislature is 'constrained' when voters'
preferences are also moderate, as it renders the difference between the
legislature's ideal policy and the proposers' best proposal inconsequential
(Gerber, 1996, pp.107-108). This allows proposers to posit a more appealing
proposal, after which the legislature will be more motivated to pass laws that
are closer to the voters' ideal point. Both scenarios err towards the
preferences of the median voter and serve to enhance policy congruence.
This is the
indirect effect of direct democracy, whereby political elites anticipate
preference deviations and adjust their policies to follow majority voter
preferences.
the greater the preference divergence, the more influence initiatives and
referendums are likely to have on policy congruence (Leemann and Wasserfallen,
2016, p.750). Where representative democracy falters, the threat of direct
democracy is enough to keep it in check without needing to actually be
exercised.
Issue bundling
representative democracies, 'log-rolling' is when legislatures 'bundle' issues
in large bills that are voted on as a package. Through this, legislators are
able to trade votes and gain approval of top priorities by giving support to
other issues. While streamlining discussion and negotiation can make the policy-making process more efficient, it also
means that candidates run on a large variety of issues and citizens are not
always fully aware of the individual positions being adopted (Matsusaka, 2005).
Referendums and initiatives provide the opportunity to unbundle specific issues
and reduce the likelihood of voters electing candidates who may only take their preferred position on some issues but not on others.
between direct and representative democracy should then be between individual
policy voting and package policy voting. As it is, referendums often take place
on general issues that fit uncomfortably into the left-right division of party
politics, for fear of it invoking internal splits otherwise. Indeed, the
subject matter of referendums can be said to fall into three main categories:
constitutional issues, territorial issues and moral issues (Butler and Ranney,
1994, p.2). In 2016 alone, several referendums within
these categories took place, including the referendum on refugee quotas in
Hungary and the peace deal referendum in Columbia. Similarly, Ireland
will be voting on a referendum in 2018 regarding the revocation of their
constitutional ban on abortion- a testament to the type of shifting values that
can catalyse the increased reliance on direct democratic action. The
contentious nature of such issues allow for referendums to lend greater
legitimacy to policies, since a popular vote of endorsement is necessary before
the government can enact any legislation.
and central policies, though, remain in the control of the legislature for the
sake of consistency and coherency (Budge, 2006, p.9). For instance, one of
Margaret Thatcher's primary goals as prime minister of the United Kingdom was
to moderate inflation, by implementing higher interest rates and taxes. Evidently,
these are usually medium-term issues that citizens are unlikely to have the
expertise to decide upon, thus are more suitably managed by a governing body.
In this
sense, the co-existence of individual policy voting and package policy voting serves
to augment rather than subvert democracy, by separating voting issues according
to aptness.
Large-scale democracies
One of the
main appeals of representative democracy is the fact that it can regulate the
process of debating and voting, which direct democracy is thought incapable of
doing in large-scale democracies. This is demonstrated by Bahamas' gender
equality referendum in 2016, during which false rumours spread that voting
'yes' could lead to same-sex marriage. With a 79% vote against the gender
non-discrimination bill, the soundness of the outcome was tenuous as many votes
were likely cast on the basis of support for same-sex marriage rather than
equal rights for men and women (Lowe and Suter, 2016). Without the legislature
ensuring the conveyance of relevant and accurate information, voters are easily
manipulated, which could result in low-quality decisions that do not truthfully
reflect their views. Precisely, it is the influence of such external forces
that gives rise to the volatile and unpredictable nature of referendums and
initiatives. For example, polls from the Scottish independence referendum of
2014 predicted a close victory of 'Yes' votes, but ultimately resulted in a
55%-45% majority for 'No' votes (Tucker, 2014). Moreover, the absence of
corrective measures may place long-term public welfare at higher risk of
impulsive yet irreversible public decisions. On the other hand, citizens are
more insulated from deceptive campaign information in representative
democracies, as systematic discourse and compromise is encouraged in formal
parliamentary settings.
However, in
this current age of technology, the proficiency of political institutions in
executing direct democratic procedures should no longer be underestimated. With
the introduction of 'Blockchain'- a technology that verifies online
transmissions- many countries have begun digitalising governance and democratic
participation. In Estonia, online crowdsourcing platform Rahvaalgatus allows
users to discuss and vote on policy proposals online. Brazil, too, has replaced
physical signature collection with online vote casting (Softness, 2017). Both
countries showcase a shift towards direct democracy, with technology enabling
interactive debate and voting amongst physically separated citizens. Hence,
political institutions of modern democracies are not in fact unaligned with
direct democracy- they simply need to be updated to adapt to the modern world.
Voter competence
this, another fear of direct democracy is that ordinary citizens do not have
the interest or expertise to draft and vote on legislation. An example of this
is Colorado's 'English for the Children' initiative in 2002, in which the ambiguity
of the language used in the initiative would have also eliminated 'English as a
Second Language' programs and contradicted the very essence of the initiative
(Bozzo and Irvine, 2010). Therefore, formulation and deliberation procedures
need to be re-evaluated to allow more focused discussion surrounding the
contents and implications of initiatives. Citizens should also be able to
suggest amendments and consider alternatives before voting on an initiative.
After all, it is only through active, prolonged participation that citizens can
gain the experience needed to make more informed political decisions.
Notwithstanding,
voters are shown to still be able to cast accurate votes by using informational
cues such as recommendations from family and interest groups. In a study
conducted by Arthur Lupia in 1994 concerning five California insurance
propositions, uninformed voters were still able to mirror the voting patterns
of the informed voters simply by knowing the positions that interest groups had
taken on the measures. Meanwhile, uninformed voters without any informational
cues were unable to do so (Matsusaka, 2005). This would suggest that the voter
competence argument is not as dire as it may seem- a comprehensive
understanding of the subject-matter of a proposal is unnecessary as long as
voters are made aware of applicable informational cues. Anyhow, voter
incompetence is a critique of not just direct democracy, but democracy as a
whole. If we are to follow this line of reasoning, it could be argued that
uninformed voters are also likely to make mistakes when voting on candidates,
since candidates represent 'bundles' of issues that are even more difficult to
discern from than single issue ballots (Matsusaka, 2005, p.198).
Tyranny of the majority
Additionally,
it is contested that direct democracy jeopardises minority rights – without the
legislature acting as an intermediary institution, there are no checks on the
power of the majority. Indeed, individuals who vote tend to not only be those
with higher levels of education and wealth, but are also those who feel most
ardently about the issue at hand (Matsusaka, 2005). As demonstrated in
Britain's 2016 EU referendum, there was a positive correlation between counties
with higher levels of education and income and 'remain' votes- 50% of
Wandsworth, Richmond upon Thames and Cambridge's population hold higher
education qualifications and gave 2/3 of their votes to 'remain', while only
14.2% of Norfolk's population hold higher education qualifications and contributed
71.5% of their votes to 'leave' (Barr, 2016). This tends to leave the interests
of the moderates and less well-off either unrepresented or misrepresented,
which could impact the credibility of the outcome.
direct democracy can also strengthen minority rights where representative
democracy fails to do so. Such is the case in Australia, wherein the Turnbull
government launched the Marriage Equality Postal Survey to facilitate the
introduction of a same-sex marriage bill. With 61.6% of Australians approving a
change in the legislation (Karp, 2017), direct democracy has provided
representative democracy the exigency with which to legislate appropriately.
Although, it should be noted that the lawfulness of the postal survey was
challenged twice in High Court based on the general belief that 'fundamental
rights should never be put to a popular vote' (Davey and Karp, 2017). This
epitomises the long-feared tyranny of the majority, which is understandable
after 22 unsuccessful attempts by the Federal Parliament of Australia to
legalise same-sex marriage between September 2004 and October 2017 (Mckeown,
2017). Perhaps, though, this victory for the LGTBQ community would suggest that
the ability of direct democracy to defend minority rights has strikingly
improved- a valuable tool to have when the legislature is too insulated from
popular public opinion.
racial minorities overwhelmingly support the initiative process in the United
States, with 57% of Blacks and 73% of Latinos in favour of it (Matsusaka,
2005), implying that many ethnic minorities already feel cynical about the
legislature's willingness to protect their interests. This trend is highlighted
by the fact that 64% of the American population believed that the government
was 'run for the benefit of all people' in 1964, as compared to the mere 19% in
2015 (Pew Research Center, 2015). The difference in attitude towards direct
democracy in Australia and the United States may be attributed to the fact that
the population of the latter has had more extensive experience with the
processes than the population of the former. Indeed, South
Dakota has been practising direct democracy since 1898, whereas Australia has
only held 44 national referendums since 1901. This could indicate that
prolonged usage and familiarity can lead to more confidence and trust in direct
democracy, like any form of governance, indubitably has its flaws. Namely, the
lack of intermediary institutions has a tendency to cause particular detriment
to minority groups. Nevertheless, direct democracy has proven to be paramount
in keeping governments in check and providing citizens with a more substantial
role in policy-making. Direct democracy has also repeatedly refined the
workings of representative democracy through its indirect effects. Countries
like the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom, embody this
coexistence. Supplementing this, feats of technology have aided existing
political institutions in modernising according to the demands of direct
As such,
there is ample reason to believe that the political institutions of modern
democracies are aligned with direct democracy. In fact, in a world where
distrust in representative government and political disengagement is so rife,
the principal issue should no longer be whether representative or direct
democracy is more suitable. Instead, consideration should be given to how to modify and improve said political
institutions in such a way as to more thoroughly integrate direct democratic
rule into modern democracies. This being said, representative democracy should
not be entirely abandoned- the two types of democracy function to complement
and strengthen one another. In turn, reinforcing the democratic process and
ensuring that the democratic ideal of 'power by the people' is not undermined
by 'power of the people'.
The fourth election, occurring every four years, for
During him to get into politics- Republican Party.
"Power is not possible in their relations with
What Commander, 1999). This essay will present the
« The find the truth and seek out the In her family. Mama lives by the way »


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text:
Holy Holy è un brano musicale scritto dall'artista inglese David Bowie e pubblicato come 45 giri il 15 gennaio 1971.

Tracce
 Holy Holy (Bowie) - 3:13
 Black Country Rock (Bowie) - 3:32

Formazione
 David Bowie - voce, chitarra
 Mick Ronson - chitarra
 Herbie Flowers - basso
 Mick Woodmansey - batteria

Il brano

La prima versione di questo rock lento, un'oscura fusione di sesso e religione con un ritornello orecchiabile e accenni a Aleister Crowley («just the righteous brother»), venne registrata ai Trident Studios nel giugno 1970, alla fine delle sessioni di The Man Who Sold the World. Alla registrazione parteciparono Mick Ronson e Mick Woodmansey, futuri Spiders from Mars, e Herbie Flowers al basso.

Il 45 giri venne prodotto da Herbie Flowers, anche se sul vinile è riportato "A Blue Mink Production", e pubblicato il 15 gennaio 1971 nel Regno Unito, in Germania, Spagna e Australia, con un ritardo di sei mesi causato in parte da trattative contrattuali. Pochi giorni dopo Bowie eseguì Holy Holy nel programma Six-O-One: Newsday di Granada TV, indossando un vestito della boutique londinese Mr. Fish e accompagnandosi alla chitarra acustica. Ciò nonostante la promozione non produsse nessun effetto sulle classifiche e il singolo si rivelò un insuccesso.

Una seconda incisione di Holy Holy, caratterizzata da un ritmo più sostenuto e dalla presenza degli Spiders from Mars al completo con Trevor Bolder, ebbe luogo alla fine dell'estate 1971 e per un breve periodo fu presa in considerazione per un eventuale inserimento nell'album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Alla fine rimase nel cassetto finché non fu riciclata nel 1974 come lato B di Diamond Dogs e in seguito è ricomparsa nella raccolta non autorizzata Bowie Rare del 1982, come traccia bonus nelle riedizioni di The Man Who Sold the World del 1990 e di Ziggy Stardust del 2002 e nel CD Re:Call 1 uscito con il box set Five Years (1969-1973) nel 2015, in cui è presente anche la versione 45 giri.

Il lato B

Registrata durante le sessioni di The Man Who Sold the World nella primavera del 1970, Black Country Rock è un brano vivace con un testo piuttosto minimale. Bowie aggiunse un'imitazione del caratteristico "gorgheggio elettrico" di Marc Bolan, a quanto pare perché aveva sbagliato a cantare un verso: «Lo fece per scherzo, ma noi tutti pensammo che non era male», ha affermato in seguito il produttore dell'album Tony Visconti, «l'abbiamo registrata di nuovo e io ho assottigliato la voce di David mediante l'equalizzatore per farla assomigliare ancora di più a quella di Bolan».

Cover
Cover di Holy Holy sono state eseguite dagli Shadow Project di Rozz Williams, nel loro album di debutto del 1991, e dai Marquee Moon nell'album tributo The Dark Side of David Bowie del 1997.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 The Spiders from Mars

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
University of Washington Evans School
of Public Policy & Governance
Masters Degrees in Public Administration
Ph.D. in Public Policy and Management
Joint & Concurrent Degrees
Ph.D. Concentration in Public Policy & Management
MPA Admissions
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Ph.D. Admissions
View Faculty Members
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Our Students & Graduates
Student Consulting Lab
Hire Evans
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Evans School News
PPIA Junior Summer Institute
Evans School of Public Policy & Governance
Undergraduate Minor in Public Policy
Welcome to PPIA Public Service Weekend Virtual Conference 2021!
Undergraduate Minor in Leadership
NextGen Civic Leader Corps
Preparing undergraduates for advanced study and careers in public policy and international affairs
Part of the Public Policy and International Affairs (PPIA) Fellowship Program, the UW Evans School's Junior Summer Institute (JSI) will provide undergraduate students across disciplines with a deeper appreciation of current issues and trends in public and international affairs, a greater understanding of career opportunities in public service fields, and enhanced knowledge and skills to support their future pursuit of careers in public policy. The program is open to students who are entering their senior year of undergraduate study/
About the Evans School JSI Program
The UW Evans School's JSI program is a rigorous seven-week summer program with a curriculum that includes economics, quantitative methods, policy analysis implementation & evaluation, and leadership & community engagement – all designed to sharpen students' quantitative, analytic, and leadership skills. At the end of the program, students present a comprehensive final report on a current domestic or international policy issue that draws on the skills acquired in their coursework in policy analysis and implementation.
Evans School JSI participants will also gain exposure to the breadth and richness of public service in the Pacific Northwest through experiential learning opportunities, including mentorship, shadowing public service professionals, and engagement with community-based practitioners, regional leaders, and elected officials.
The Evans School JSI program is designed to broaden participants' academic and professional horizons. In addition to interacting with and learning from talented peers, JSI participants learn to analyze and evaluate international and domestic policies under the guidance of experienced policy practitioners and academics. The combination of analytic skills and substantive knowledge about contemporary policy issues will provide undergraduates with excellent preparation for graduate programs in public policy. Read more.
Courses & Curriculum
As one of the innovation centers in the United States, Seattle and the state of Washington is a vibrant site for in-depth exploration of how to advance policy innovation. The Junior Summer Institute hosted at the Evans School of Public Policy and Governance will focus upon inspiring public service and showing how public policy – from its origin to its implementation – can be democratized.
Like other JSI sites, there is required coursework over the seven-week program. Each scholar will benefit from classroom instruction in:
ECONOMICS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS
The course combines a multi-disciplinary approach to policy analysis, with focused study on the use of economic tools to analyze policy issues. JSI scholars will gain in-depth knowledge of economic theory and data analysis to help them examine economic and complex social policies.
POLICY ANALYSIS, IMPLEMENTATION, PROGRAM EVALUATION
In this course, scholars will learn common analytical approaches to improving policy, programs, and implementation systems. An overview of policy analysis, (including cost benefit analysis and needs assessment), implementation analysis, (including policy field and organizational audits), and program evaluation, (including process and outcome approaches) will provide a comprehensive menu for exploring the challenges that face society and means for developing appropriate solutions.
QUANTATIVE METHODS FOR POLICY MAKING
In this course, we will explore the basics of formulating research questions and assessing how to assess which statistical tools or research methods are appropriate to answer different types of policy or management questions.
LEADERSHIP & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
In this course, we focus on community engaged leadership where JSI scholars can cultivate the practical skills required to lead in public, not-for-profit and business organizations. Central to this approach are practices that engage others – both in organizations and in larger communities – to create capacity to address societal challenges through public policy.
These courses will be threaded together by consideration of relevant and timely cases of policy innovation happening in Washington state. Some potential cases include responding to homelessness, reforming policing and supporting community safety, and improving conditions for migrant farmer workers.
ENRICHMENT:
Participants will have the opportunity to engage with the Pacific Northwest and its leaders through a unique mentoring program experience and seminars with the region's public policy and administration professionals. Our admissions and career development teams will coach fellows through career and graduate school exploration. In the evenings and weekends, students can enjoy the vibrant city of Seattle and neighboring cities with hikes, tours, and meals. Additional opportunities including:
Shadowing/mentoring program
Leadership & professional development seminars
Career planning workshop
Regional sightseeing
Application deadline: November 8, 2021
Notification: February 1, 2022
Program begins: Mid-June 2022
Program concludes: Early August 2022
Scholars enrolled in the Evans School JSI receive a $1,000 stipend, meals, housing, and reimbursement for travel to and from the program. Participants live on campus, in shared rooms in the UW dormitories.
PPIA Fellows who successfully complete any PPIA Junior Summer Institute (JSI) and who are admitted to the Master's in Public Administration (MPA) program at the Evans School will receive a scholarship.
Life in Seattle & Campus Resources
Evans JSI participants enjoy the many benefits of studying in the beautiful Seattle and Pacific Northwest region within reach to the Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound, the Olympic and Cascade mountain ranges, and so much more. Learn more about the region here.
In addition, participants have access to a wide range of student resources provided by the University of Washington. View a complete summary on the University's Student Life website.
4105 George Washington Lane NE
Parrington Hall, Box 353055
ppia@uw.edu |
Applicants must:
Have completed at least one course in college-level economics, mathematics, or statistics; or an AP/IB calculus, economics, or statistics course.
Applicants must have an expected graduation date between December 2022 and August 2023 from an accredited U.S. college; this includes international students pursuing an undergraduate degree at an accredited U.S. four-year college or university.
Demonstrate an interest in and a commitment to a career in public or international affairs.
Applicants must upload the following materials to the online application(link is external). (If these documents are not already in electronic form, please scan them before you begin)
A résumé that includes work experience, extracurricular activities, community involvement and other experiences relevant to public affairs, such as foreign travel, language abilities, volunteer work, student leadership, etc.
A multipart personal statement highlighting cultural experiences, leadership skills and a commitment to public service
Unofficial academic transcripts for ALL colleges and universities you have attended and listed on the application
Two letters of recommendation (Applicants will be asked to provide the names and email addresses of the two people who will submit letters of recommendation)
If applicable, a copy of all financial aid award letters for the current academic year and the Student Aid Report (SAR)
Complete financial information requested on the application (If you do not receive financial aid, please submit parent/guardian's income tax return)
Submit the completed PPIA JSI Application
Apply now here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Synaptic no longer launches from the menu. The shorcut properties shows that the command is synaptic-pkexec.
Comment[he]=התקנה, הסרה ושדרוג חבילות תכנה.
Comment[hi]=सॉफ्टवेयर पैकेजों की स्थापना, अद्यतन करें या उन्हें हटाएं.
The problem ocurred after loading some updates through update manager. Any help would be appreciated.
The other file is synaptic-kde.desktop and is installed by synaptic I assume for the kde environment.
You can see the actual file name by dragging and dropping into your text editor.
This happen to me on a fresh 12o4 install. Synaptic-pkexec was broke and I never did find the fix. So I ended up replacing pkexec with gksudo to solve the problem.
I think pkexec needs an authentication agent running.
eg in Ubuntu you have polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 running.
synaptic-pkexec runs properly from a terminal - It says authentication is needed, asks me for my password and then opens synaptic.
You say that the other file is for KDE. I am running lubuntu. That would not use the KDE file, would it ?
Yes, pkexec will authenticate in terminal but when starting normally from the desktop file via a menu, an authentication agent has to provide a password dialog window.
I don't know how it all works together but that's what I would be looking at.
I have an up to date 14.04 Lubuntu install and opening synaptic from the menu brings up an authentication window.
The synaptic package installs both Synaptic Package Manager files in /usr/share/applications whether you have kde installed or not.
Thanks for that reply. I now understand a little more about what is going on. Sorry for a very belated reply. I went abroad for a long time and was not doing any computing. When I got back I re-installed the OS from scratch and that fixed my problems.


text:
Classical & Near Eastern Religions & Cultures
Research & Engagement
Recent Dissertations
Typically, graduate funding takes the form of a combination of teaching assistantships, small grants, and occasionally larger fellowships, which usually involve University-wide competition. The funding package for each academic year covers tuition and either salary for teaching or stipend for grants or fellowships. The combination of salaries and stipends is designed to cover the living expenses commensurate with a typical graduate-student lifestyle in the Twin Cities.
We make every effort to guarantee all students admitted to our MA programs, including international students, two years of funding, as permitted by college and University resources, policies, and procedures. Students beyond the second year are afforded support when resources permit.
We make every effort to guarantee all students admitted to our PhD programs, including international students, five years of funding, as permitted by college and University resources, policies, and procedures. Students beyond the fifth year are afforded support when resources permit.
Graduate Assistantship Appointments
Graduate Assistantships are available for CNRC graduate students. As part of the department's commitment to prepare graduate students for academic careers, we typically support all students in good standing for two and five years. Initially, graduate assistants act as teaching assistants (TAs) grading examinations and papers in undergraduate courses or leading discussion sections of large lecture courses. Qualified students may also have the opportunity to teach elementary Greek or Latin in the department as graduate instructors.
Appointments are typically made at the 50% level (no more than 20 hours per week.) Teaching assistants at the 50% level are awarded a full-tuition scholarship, up to 14 credits per semester.
A variety of working groups, presentations, and seminars focused on teaching techniques and strategies are offered periodically throughout the year by the Graduate School, the Center for Educational Innovation, the Center for Writing, and other entities.
Research Assistant Appointments
From time to time CNRC faculty receive funding that will support the employment of a graduate research assistant (RA), generally at 25% or 50% time. These opportunities are communicated by the professor who is seeking a graduate student research assistant. CNRC graduate students also may apply for research assistantships with faculty in the other departments.
For more information and a full list of fellowships available through the University, see the Graduate School Fellowship Office.
Note: If you are an underrepresented, educationally disadvantaged, or physically disadvantaged student, inform us at the time of application. The University offers special fellowships for which you might be nominated by the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Studies.
College of Liberal Arts Graduate Fellowship
This competitive fellowship currently includes an academic-year stipend of $25,000 for the first year, $5,000 during each of the following four years, academic-year tuition at regular rates for up to 14 graduate credits each semester, and subsidized health insurance through the Graduate Assistant Health Plan for the academic year and summer.
Diversity of Views and Experiences (DOVE) Fellowship
The Office for Diversity in Graduate Education (ODGE) administers the DOVE Fellowship, awarded to approximately 20 first-year students from underrepresented groups (US citizens or permanent residents.)
Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change (ICGC) Fellowships
The Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change (ICGC) offers fellowships for exceptionally capable students, especially but not only from the global south and US communities of color, whose backgrounds and interests clearly reflect a commitment to the interdisciplinary study of the global south in the context of global change.
ICGC Scholar Fellowships
ICGC-Mellon Scholar Fellowships
Apply for other University positions via Graduate Assistant Employment Services.
Find a job at the University with work-study funds by indicating interest on your FAFSA.
Apply for a student loan.
Department of Classical & Near Eastern Religions & Cultures
245 Nicholson Hall
216 Pillsbury Dr SE
cnrc@umn.edu
Find information on ways to give to the Department of Classical & Near Eastern Religions & Cultures


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Home News The Lumineers Climb The Charts
The Lumineers Climb The Charts
Denver-based band The Lumineers are enjoying plenty of success on the radio and in sales. The band's popular first single "Ho Hey" has spent the last five weeks at #1 on Triple A Radio, and is ranked Top 10 Audience at Alternative Radio as well. The video for "Ho Hey" has also just been added by CMT. This news is hot on the heels of the band's best week of album-sales yet for their great debut album. The self-titled album landed last week at #17 on the charts with over 28,000 records sold; it was the band's best single-selling week since the album's release on April 3 via Dualtone. The album was #1 on the Independent charts last week, and has sold over 130,000 copies to date. On top of all this, the band will be performing on NBC's The Tonight Show With Jay Leno on July 25 next week.
The Lumineers are currently a featured artist on VH1's "You Oughta Know" for this month and will continue into August. Launched in 2004, VH1's "You Oughta Know" franchise introduces promising new artists on the rise to VH1's base of music lovers. Many "You Oughta Know" artists have gone on to win industry awards and accolades including "Best New Artist" Grammy Awards and nominations. This highly acclaimed franchise has helped break artists such as Adele, Amy Winehouse, Bruno Mars, The Civil Wars, Colbie Caillat, Corinne Bailey Rae, Foster The People, The Fray, Grace Potter and The Nocturnals, James Blunt, Mumford & Sons, Sara Bareilles, Regina Spektor and many, many others.
The band have spent most of 2012 touring behind their debut album, and will be hitting up many cities this summer, including dates supporting Brandi Carlile and upcoming dates supporting Old Crow Medicine Show.
http://thelumineers.com
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Karnataka Elections
Fish with 'nose rings' rescued in Bengaluru
This story is from October 27, 2016
Bangalore Mirror Bureau | Updated: Oct 27, 2016, 8:31 IST
The latest fad in Bengaluru seems to be nose rings for fish.
(This story originally appeared in on Oct 27, 2016)
BENGALURU: A distress call reporting an injured dog or a stranded bird is nothing out of the ordinary for People for Animals (PFA). But last week, a bizarre incident came to the organisation's notice. A pet shop in Rajarajeswari Nagar was reportedly selling aquarium fish with 'nose rings'.
"Last week, I got a call from a teacher who wanted us to rescue some fish. That was one unusual request, I thought. She went on to explain how a pet shop owner was selling aquarium fish with nose rings!" said Sarath Lal, an animal welfare officer with PFA.
When Sarath visited RR Aqua Pets in Rajarajeswari Nagar, he was surprised to see that the fish were indeed pierced with iron rings and being sold for Rs 550-750 a pair. It seems the 'ringed' fish drew more attention and many had been bought already.
He then went to the RR Nagar police station and together they rescued the remaining fish at the shop.
The owner of the shop was taken to the station and was let off with a warning with non-cognisable report (NCR) as this was his first offence. He was also ordered to keep the pets in shade.
The rescued pair of fish was taken to the PFA facility where the piercings were removed.
"People don't take distress of fish seriously. But they're also living beings like us. When we can take the effort to save kites stuck several feet above ground, why not fish? I was happy I could save at least this pair," said Sarath.
In a desperate attempt to sell pets, people sometimes resort to cruelty. "I hope people learn to see through these gimmicks," he adds.
The fish, by the way, are doing fine now.
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text:
The Great Bambino
ENTERTAINMENT | June 13, 2019
Babe Ruth at 20 years old and playing as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. Source: (Wikimedia Commons)
The most famous baseball player in history, Babe Ruth, was born George Herman Ruth Jr. on February 6, 1895, in Baltimore Maryland. He was one of eight children born to George Herman Ruth Sr. and Kate Schamberger-Ruth. Sadly, of the eight children, only Ruth and his sister Mamie survived infancy.
Ruth's parents owned a tavern and worked long hours. This left him with plenty of time to get into trouble. As a result, at the age of seven, he was sent to St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys which was run by Catholic monks. The stricter environment proved good for young Ruth and he soon bonded with Brother Matthias who became a positive role model and father figure to him. It was Matthias and the other monks who introduced Ruth to baseball and eventually invited Jack Dunn, the owner of the Baltimore Orioles, to come out and watch him play.
Babe Ruth in his Red Sox uniform. Source: (Wikipedia.org)
Dunn was so impressed with Ruth's skill that he immediately offered him a contract. Ruth was only 19 at the time and by law had to have a legal guardian sign his contract so Dunn became his legal guardian. As a result, Ruth's teammates referred to him as Dunn's "new babe" and that is how he got the nickname Babe. Ruth played so well for the Orioles that he soon made the major leagues, where he led the Red Sox to three championships over the next five years.
Harry Frazee and the Red Sox. Source: (sabr.org)
In 1919, Harry Frazee, the owner of the Red Sox, facing financial difficulties, was forced to sell Ruth to the New York Yankees to pay off his debts. This was the stroke of death for the Red Sox, who would not win another World Series until 2004. This losing streak was often referred to as "The Curse of the Bambino." However, it was anything but a curse for the New York Yankees who won four World Series titles over the next fifteen seasons.
Babe Ruth makes the paper. Source: (rarenewspapers.com)
Not only did Ruth continuously lead his team to victory but he was also constantly breaking records. In 1919, he set a single-season home run record of 29. The next year, he broke his own record with 54 home runs. In 1921, in what many consider to be the greatest season in MLB history, he hit 59 home runs. He would break his own record once again in 1927 with 60 home runs and it would be 34 years before anyone would top it. By the end of his career, he hit a total of 714 home runs, a record that would not be broken until 1974.
Babe Ruth's Grave. Source: (ratzenberger.org)
When Ruth retired in 1935, he held 56 major league records. In 1936, he became one of the first five inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame. His jersey number was retired by the Yankees on June 13, 1948. He passed away on August 16, 1948, having been diagnosed with a malignant tumor two years earlier. His body lay in repose at Yankee Stadium and his funeral was held two days later at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York with more than 100,000 people lining up to pay their respects. A large portion of his estate was left to the Babe Ruth Foundation for underprivileged children. While most of his records have since been broken, Babe Ruth is still considered the greatest baseball player in history.
Tags: babe ruth | baseball | red sox
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The bull market just turned 10. Even last year, on its ninth anniversary, we were already in the midst of the longest bull market in history.
And with major indexes still hovering near or above their all-time highs, the current bull market may still not be over.
Or, it could be about to transition to a bear.
Trouble is, we can't be sure either way.
The thing about bull markets is they can have dramatic ends… or they can fizzle out with a whimper, where practically no one even notices a gradual, broad-based decline.
And that's where the really pernicious danger lies.
It's also why, over the next several years, so-called "alternative investments," investments that aren't stocks and that don't tend to correlate with stocks, are much more likely to outperform those conventional holdings.


A word of warning from fire fighters about the potentials dangers of one of the ways a lot of people use to heat their homes. That's after crews worked to knock down a destructive house fire early Thursday morning.
A word of warning from firefighters about the potentials dangers of one of the ways a lot of people use to heat their homes. That's after crews worked to knock down a destructive house fire early Thursday morning.
The fire started a little before 3 a.m. at a home along Ashton Road in the Greenfield Township/North East area.
When crews arrived, they found flames shooting through the roof of the home. Despite those efforts, the home is being called a total loss.
The fire chief on scene tells Erie News Now that a kerosene heater sparked the fire. No word on exactly how.
But, he did tell us it's a reminder that you need to be extra careful with those kerosene heaters.
Two people living there got out OK, but three of their pets were killed.
A neighbor has set up a go-fund me page to help the family with necessities, from food to clothing and monetary help.
Phillip Strait lived there with his son. They escaped with just the clothes on their back.
Anyone who would like to donate can go to go-fund-me-dot-com and search: Philip and Donovan Strait Fundraiser.


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Again, viewing of the webisodes was optional prior to the second half of Season 4. Caprica is a prequel television series to the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica.
It premiered on Syfy formerly Sci-Fi on January 22, , and was described as "television's first science fiction family saga ".
It was a two-hour back door pilot for a possible weekly television series, but on December 2, , Syfy gave the go-ahead to expand the project into a full, episode series.
Caprica is set on the titular planet , 58 years before the events of Battlestar Galactica. The show revolves around two families, the Adamas and the Graystones, and the creation of the Cylons.
On October 27, , Syfy canceled Caprica due to low ratings. The final five episodes were aired in the US on January 4, [16] though they had aired a couple of months earlier on the Canadian network Space.
The entire series was released on DVD in Moore to produce another spin-off set in the reimagined Battlestar Galactica universe, which was to begin as a two-hour pilot focused on William "Husker" Adama portrayed by Luke Pasqualino during the First Cylon War as was glimpsed in Razor and the corresponding webisodes.
Syfy decided against moving forward with the Blood and Chrome TV series, but on November 5, it was announced that a part webseries would begin on November 9, and be released over four weeks via Machinima.
The webseries was also aired as a 2-hour movie on Syfy on February 10, , [18] and was released on DVD shortly afterwards.
On September 17, , NBCUniversal announced a straight-to-series order a new Battlestar Galactica set in the same continuity as the series, [20] produced by Sam Esmail as part of their new Peacock streaming service, set to premiere in Battlestar Galactica: Razor is a television movie produced and broadcast in the gap between Seasons 3 and 4 of the re-imagined series.
Razor is also the first two episodes of Season 4 though it chronicles events on Battlestar Pegasus in two time periods, both of which are "in the past" with respect to the Season 4 continuity.
The "present day" framing scenes are set during Lee Adama's command of the Pegasus in the latter half of Season 2, while "flashback" scenes depict Helena Cain's command in the period between the Cylon attack shown in the mini-series and the reunion with the Galactica in the second season.
An expanded version of the movie was released on DVD on December 4, In August , the Sci Fi Channel announced the production of a two-hour TV movie which was planned to air after the final episode of the series in The movie began production on September 8, Written by Jane Espenson and directed by Edward James Olmos , The Plan storyline begins before the attack on the 12 colonies and shows events primarily from the perspective of the Cylons.
Creator Glen A. Larson entered negotiations with Universal Pictures for a film adaptation of the series in February Besides a re-edited version of the pilot, released in Canada, Europe, parts of Latin America, and, following the broadcast of the series, in the U.
Mission Galactica: The Cylon Attack and Conquest of the Earth were made up of various episodes of the original series and Galactica respectively.
The original series maintained a cult fandom, which has supported efforts by Glen A. Larson, Richard Hatch, and Bryan Singer independently of one another to revive the premise.
Richard Hatch produced a demonstration video in —99 which featured several actors from the original series combined with state-of-the-art special effects.
This video, titled Battlestar Galactica: The Second Coming , was screened at some science fiction conventions , but it did not lead to a new series.
A continuation of the original series but set 25 years later, Singer and DeSanto's version included several members of the original cast reprising their original roles and the introduction of newer characters.
It was intended to be telecast as a backdoor pilot in May , and pre-production commenced and sets had even been partially constructed with a view to filming starting in November This caused the executives of Fox TV to lose interest in this project.
Both the original and the reimagined series have had books published about the series, academically oriented analysis, novelizations, and new works based on the characters.
These Battlestar Galactica softcover novelisations were written by Glen A. Larson with the authors listed below. All novels except Battlestar Galactica Surrender the Galactica!
ACE publishing were originally published by Berkley, and have been republished, recently, by I Books, which called them Battlestar Galactica Classic to differentiate it from the reimagined series.
The episodic novels featured expanded scenes, excerpts from "The Adama Journals," more background on the characters, and the expansion of the ragtag fleet to almost 22, ships as opposed to the in the TV series.
A new book series written by series star Richard Hatch starting in the s continued the original story based on his attempt to revive the series, and ignored the events of Galactica His series picked up several years after the TV series ended, and featured Apollo in command of the Galactica after the death of Adama, a grown-up Boxey, who was now a Viper pilot, and the rediscovery of Commander Cain and the battlestar Pegasus, who had started a new colony and was preparing to restart the war with the Cylons.
Marvel Comics published a issue comic book series based upon the show between and Walt Simonson, who later wrote and drew Thor and had a long stint on Marvel's Star Wars comic, was the artist for the series at its conclusion.
Dynamite Entertainment was the last company to publish comic books featuring both the classic and reimagined Battlestar Galactica series.
They also released a 4-issue Galactica comic miniseries written by Marc Guggenheim. The limited miniseries was a re-imagining of the original series but at the end featured a second, smaller Battlestar replacing the original which was destroyed also named Galactica but strongly resembling the ship seen in the reimagined Sci-Fi Channel series.
The player tries to defend Galactica from kamikaze Cylon Raiders by manipulating a switch on the game unit to direct their fire, triggered by a red button to the left of the unit.
The game took place 40 years before the original series and featured an ensign Adama flying a Viper during the Cylon war.
The game was developed by Warthog. Tournaments and winter event Read more here. He is in his mids, from Australia and is probably one of the few current active contributors to this wiki.
He is also now one of the lead Administrators on this wiki and still checks in to act as this sites curator since the game closed down. Want your community included?
See how! Sign In Don't have an account? Start a Wiki. Colonial Brimir Try out the newly updated Brimir! Cylon or Colonial?
What will you decide? The Cylon Basestar Are you up for a challenge? Phantasy Star Online 2. Final Fantasy XIV.
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Dust affects the ability of turrets to track properly. Gas fields are perfect for avoiding Cylon missile barrages, but by the same token, you suffer similar crippling effects on your guided ordnance.
Clever nod, and appreciated. When jumping, you have a split choice of destinations. Each prospective destination offers little sweeteners, like the chance to patch up and resupply prior to a mission.
Balancing that are things like accelerated arrival of enemy reinforcements, or negative effects on salvaging.
Again, small but very crucial decisions to make when calculating for the fleet. Added pressure comes in the form of Vipers and Raptors needing to back on their carrier vessels before jumping, less they get left behind.
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Battlestar Galactica Online was an online MMORPG that is completely based on space combat. Since this is an MMO, you can create your character and interact with other real people. You may choose Human or Cylon as your race, and you get the missions, ships, and NPC alignment applicable to either. Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. naturesgreensd.com franchise began with the original television series in and was followed by a short-run sequel series (Galactica ), a line of book adaptations, original novels, comic books, a board game, and video games.A re-imagined version of Battlestar Galactica aired as a two-part, three-hour Book(s): List of books. 10/23/ · Battlestar Galactica Deadlock is a pretty special game. Not only is it a great experience for fans of the show, but for tactics fiends looking to get their starship combat on, Black Lab Games have been honing and expanding the title since launch in August of last year. After weathering a particularly brutal attack by a Cylon fleet, losing an Artemis-class Battlestar and leaving Chinese Triads convoy in the battered, brutalized care of two Berzerk assault carriers, it was time to jump. Archived from the original on December 19, Caprica is a prequel television series to the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. Every arc, every vector, every exasperatingly limited missile fired; the gambles are real when playing for keeps. You can find all the relevant information Prosieben Esports need to learn more about the game and read Bvb Vs Leipzig the Best Casinos of the recently defunct Jackpotcity Com Online Casino game. A new TV Portugal österreich Aufstellung called Galactica was produced. Caprica is set on the titular planet58 years before the events of Battlestar Galactica. Battlestar Galactica. Heavily damaged and critically low on resources, both fleets race against time to repair and rearm, struggling for control of systems rich in TyliumTitanium and Water. July 17, Battlestar Galactica Deadlock Review 31 Aug 0. Retrieved September 11, Archived from the original on Jahreslos Aktion Mensch 2021 16,
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Middlesbrough Youth Theatres (MYT) is the youth education group of Middlesbrough Little Theatre Ltd. It is comprised of Kidstage and Middlesbrough Youth Theatre. The group meets every Saturday morning to take part in drama, singing and dance workshops. The group has been in existence for over 60 years and has achieved many accolades throughout their history. MYT have performed many shows all performed on the professional stage at the Middlesbrough Theatre. Some of its past members have forged successful careers in the performing arts and there are many talented individuals within the group today who are set to follow in their footsteps. We are one big creative happy family.
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Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a well-known Shine scientist. She was born Marya Skoldowska in Warsaw on 7 December 1867. Her daddy and new mother were equally course instructors. They had 4 other children, each of them more than Marya.http://www.valwriting.org/ She got a buddy given the name Jozef and 3 sisters, Zofia, Bronia and Helena. But Zofia passed away of typhus in 1874 and her mom passed away of tuberculosis in 1878. (Both the were typical conditions inside nineteenth century). Marya themselves turned out to be an exceptionally bright youngster and probably did well in school. Regretably during those times girls ended up prohibited to travel to University.
Marie performed effectively at University in addition to 1893 she increased a qualification in Physics. In 1894 she increased a college degree in Maths. In 1894 she accomplished Pierre Curie and she married him in 1895. In 1897 Marie Curie got a child termed Irene. Meanwhile in 1895 a German given its name Wilhelm Rontgen learned By-rays. Then in 1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium emits mystifying, undetectable sun rays. In 1897 Marie Curie begun investigating uranium. (In 1898 she coined the phrase radioactive to describe any element that presented off of the unknown sun rays). Marie also examined a chemical labeled pitchblende, which she realized is a bit more radioactive than 100 % pure uranium. Marie Curie discovered that pitchblende need to incorporate some things that will be a whole lot more radioactive than real uranium. In 1898 Marie and her man Pierre remote an ingredient they labeled polonium (following Poland). However they understood there was a different element in pitchblende. At last in 1902 they separated radium. In 1903 Marie and Pierre Curie were being awarded the Nobel Winning prize for Physics in conjunction with Henri Becquerel. Profitable the prize delivered them recognition. Sorry to say the Pierre and Marie Curie failed to notice that being exposed to radiation was hurting their health. Even so in 1904 Marie Curie got a child referred to as Eve. Sadly in 1905 Pierre was killed from a horse-attracted car or truck. In spite of this after his demise Marie was given his submit as Professor of Science at Sorbonne College. In 1911 Marie Curie was due to the Nobel Winning prize for Biochemistry. Marie sustained to look into radium along with 1921 she explored the USA and became aquainted with Chief executive Harding. Marie Curie gone to the united states just as before in 1929. But her health and wellbeing was faltering. Inevitably she was clinically determined to have leukemia. Marie Curie died on 4 July 1934. She was 66.


In this interview with select journalists, the Abia State Governor, Dr Okezie Ikpeazu, speaks on the successes he has attained in office as well as the challenges he faces. He also weighs in on some national issues. CHIBUZO UKAIBE, was there for LEADERSHIP.
The speed at which Aba is going and the level of development is unprecedented. Since Sam Mbakwe left, no other person have done that. Why are you so passionate about Aba?
For us here in Abia, Aba brings memories that touch very soft nerves. From post war, there were issues that immediately after the war; it was difficult to rebuild all kinds of infrastructure and Aba incidentally was one of the few cities that accommodated everybody. Many of us have fond memories of Aba and that includes folks from outside Igbo land. Recently I listened to a radio program where a Yoruba man was making very strong case for Aba. He lived and grew up here just like my childhood friend Musa who was born and raised at Hospital road Aba. Musa does not know any other town than Aba and same applies to his children who are also here with us as Bona Fide Aba people.
Aba is everybody's city because everything that happens in Aba affects people, not just from the South-east, but across Nigeria. My electioneering campaign focused on what can be done to rebuild Aba as an enabler for rebuilding Abia and even Igbo land. Aba, in terms of Geography, is strategically located at the confluence of South-east and South-south Nigeria, as it shares borders with Imo, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and others. Therefore, whatever affects them, also affects Aba.
The flux between the cities and the commercial activity, the energy and power that Aba exudes has become a strong anchor or nectar for all kinds of development including with commerce and industry. Aba has at least 15 markets, which are sectionalized according to the needed items. If you want to drive development quickly, you can't take away Aba, especially in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises.
Aba captured 3 of the 5 pillars of development of this administration, hence, the impossibility to ignore Aba.
The popular saying that if you get Aba right, you get Abia right is apt. More so, and actually the least important, is that I come from that environment, and I know the huge and enormous potentials it brings to bear on the development of not just Abia but of Nigeria. If we are thinking of getting out of recession, Aba must be the focus of Nigeria.
What has been your major challenge as the Governor of Abia state in the last two years?
Lack of belief. Paucity of what I call a prepared human capacity, brought up and fully enabled for development. By that I mean those ready to catch the vision and run with it. It was a problem getting people to understand that the only way to get a solution to our problems and challenges is to do things differently.
Distractions from those who don't understand or have proper diagnosis of the people and their real challenges were also challenging. Those folks misinform our people, manipulate and make our people gullible and they sometimes fall easy prey to their antics. Even without evidence of previous capacity to properly diagnose our challenges and proffer right solutions. I look forward to a day when everyone in our state is motivated towards a common agenda, a common good, and a common enterprise because I see government as an enterprise.
My government is not tailored to a particular agenda but holds a global vision and appeal for the survival and prosperity of our people.
To what extent are you relating with Southeast governors to deal with marginalization of the Southeast?
For me as a person, the leadership of the Ebonyi State Governor, Engr Dave Umahi, as chairman of Southeast Governors Forum is a focused leadership. He is handling genuine issues around the marginalization of our people very well but quietly.
I personally have a strategy to battle the issues of marginalization by making myself indispensable. It is this attitude that we are trying to also transfer to our people. Work very hard, acquire as much good education as possible and innovate extensively to stay on top and make yourself indispensable wherever you find yourself.
Given the state that the PDP is in now, what is the way forward for you and others in PDP?
The way forward is to try as much as possible to make your house good. If you have a dirty head, you don't cut it off, you wash it.
The court's pronouncement is what matters as regards Sheriff but I am waiting for the Supreme Court to speak.
In some states, governments make sure that federal roads leading to their cities are accessible, what are you doing about this, especially with regards to Aba? Secondly, where you distracted by the litigations and how do you feel now that it's over?
We are doing all but one of the federal roads leading into Aba. We are doing Aba-Owerri Road, we have mobilized Setraco to fix Port Harcourt Road, and the other one is Aba- Ikot Ekpene Road which the federal government is to handle. We might have issues with the quality of the contractor handling it and the pace of work but we will give them the benefit of doubt.
But even if the federal government does not reconstruct Ikot-Ekpene Road in a timely and qualitative manner, we are already constructing two alternative routes to Akwa Ibom from Aba. Just 7kms to Akwa Ibom because we know the area very well and our new roads are through virgin forests.
Port Harcourt Road is going to be done using concrete pavement. I don't want people to forget that we pionerred Rigid pavement technology. As far as I know, Abia is also the only state with 3 grade A contractors working on her roads concurrently: Arab contractors, Setraco and the Chinese company handling the Osisioma flyover or interchange.
On distractions, I am somebody who does not want to wallow in self pity and I rather want to be judged as if nothing happened. If the devil wanted to distract me in any way, he failed woefully.
I don't want the devil to get any glory. It is only to the glory of God. Besides, through it all I didn't lose the faith of my people. Abians have faith in what we are doing and so I have every cause to glorify God.
How are you coping with recession? Also you are the only Governor in the Southeast in good terms with your predecessor. How are you managing the relationship?
Our response to recession is very simple; promote Made in Aba, local skills and agriculture. One of my greatest achievements is the promotion of Made in Aba across the globe.
As we speak, the Made in Aba logo has been officially launched. Governments pay to be on CNN, but our case is different because an international organization that saw what we are doing, saw the need to promote it using CNN and others. This means that our artisans and their creativity are being promoted free of charge.
People argue about political correctness, instead of economic advantage. We are more focused on doing things that give economic advantage to our people as against being politically correct.
My predecessor respects me and I also respect him. He doesn't struggle for space with me. He knows there can only be one governor at a time.
Because of this, I respect him, one as an elder, two as a senator, and three as a former Governor.
It is a relationship that is based on mutual respect and understanding.
You are two years, very soon, you will be talking about second term, what are we going to hold you on, if you get a second term?
Even in the midst of the supposed distraction, couldn't I have found an easy alibi not to perform if I had wanted? Yet our people can judge us and see that we never stopped working and never gave them excuses because we were at all times focused on the things that are important to our people.
I will continue to do my best because there is need to serve my people with commitment. Things got to a point in the legal battles that I had to pray and ask God to genuinely search the minds of everyone contesting for the Abia Governor's seat with me and let whoever loves Abia more than me win. God prevailed and used the Supreme Court to reaffirm us.
Igbo youths in particular are disenchanted with the present administration in Nigeria. What message of hope are you bringing to them? Some Fulani herdsmen still operate along the highways in your state, like your Ekiti counterpart, shouldn't you have enacted a law to deal with it? And how have you been able to integrate non indigenes in Abia as we have noticed that Abia has the least record of conflict with Fulani herdsmen?
First, I recognize that there are more Abians in the North, than Ekiti. Whatever action I take must take cognizance of that fact. Abians also add value to wherever they are by employing youths from that place, building structures and generally living peacefully with others. I make bold to state that 60% of Nigerian youths working directly and indirectly through the private sector in Nigeria are employed through the efforts and contributions of our people. It is therefore natural for me to consider all angles in taking decisions. What if there is a reprisal for whatever action we take here, how will that affect our people living outside our state?
We believe in ensuring the safety of our visitors against all odds. So what we did was to create conflict resolution committees at the local government level, after a critical study of the areas the herders live and visit. We have 2-3 layers of conflict resolution.
But the major problem with the conflicts is the inability or lack of understanding of local sentiments and the idiosyncrasies of the Hausa/Fulani man, which I understand because I lived in the north for 7 years. Our conflict resolution approach is tailored to use this knowledge and solve real and potential conflicts.
On youth agitation, it is very unfortunate that a part of the nation feels the need to agitate for fairness and equity within the federation. Social mobilization is very important and even more important than infrastructure. We have not mobilized Nigerians from the centre socially and that is where our leaders have failed.
Every leader should be a vendor of hope. My strategy in Abia is to focus the minds of our youths on hard work and creativity. We are sending 100 people to China for one year to learn how to make shoes. Not because we are not good, but we need to add some icing on our cake. We are using the China Model of technology transfer and standardization of export products. Criminality in Nigeria is occasioned by too much energy and creativity in the youths not finding positive outlets. Let us get it right at the Centre through fairness and equity as well as providing positive outlets for the massive energy of our youths.
What is your take on the recently signed executive orders by the presidency?
I commend the presidency for that. It is very encouraging to our efforts. It is what we have been expecting them to do. But whatever they say or do, it is not complete, until it affects rice, baked beans, salad cream and other imported products that we are consuming daily in Nigeria.
I am looking forward to a time when they will stop serving imported rice, baked beans etc at the FEC meetings and other events around the villa. Since I became Governor I have been eating local rice and wearing made in Aba clothes to support our people.
In the past years, we saw how well Abia performed in WAEC especially those in Public schools, what are you doing in the area of education to ensure that Abia remains in the forefront? On attracting investors, what kind of incentives are you giving? Also Abia has allegedly been the bedrock of kidnappers, though it has been controlled recently, but somehow pockets of criminality are raising its heads again, what are you doing to sustain a safe environment where business can thrive?
Our strategy to develop education is through taking cognizance of our foundational issues.
The problem of education, not only in Abia but Nigeria, is the quality and morale of our primary school teachers. Early child education is as important as tertiary education, if not more important.
We are partnering with Australian school teachers to go to our schools and help in developing our learning environment, information Communication Technology, classroom management, first aid and how to manage children. They will train our teachers who in turn will become trainers for others.
We want to ensure that at primary 3, a pupil is able to confidently operate the computer efficiently.
We would model primary schools to achieve this, as well as embark on advanced teachers training which Is critical to educational capacity building.
In the next 12 months, there is going to be a revolution in Abia education sector. Our idea of model schools will spring up across the geopolitical zones of the state and the Australians will return to continue the work they are partnering with us to do.
On incentives for investors, the Abia investment House, which is private sector driven, is for ease of doing business in Abia. It will help investors get all they need to operate in Abia in at most two weeks.
I have the bulk C of O of 9,000 hectares of land, which any interested investor can get in 2 hours, if he's interested in as much plots of land as possible. We are ready to give the lands to those who show seriousness in investing in Abia.
The present unitary political system in Nigeria is it sustainable?
What do you think about the clamour for restructuring of Nigeria?
I would say that question has largely been captured in my interaction with you here and whatever I said is my opinion.
But I believe we should start spending time on the way forward in Nigeria, instead of federal government spending too much time on money appropriation. Recession is a huge opportunity and we are yet to fully tap the opportunities presented to us by this recession. For instance, without recession we won't be working so hard on Made in Aba, increased agricultural production with over 40,000 palm seedlings and a mushroom industry that can guarantee a minimum of N70,000 daily to an Abia youth. Nigeria needs to tap into the prevailing recession instead of focusing on huge appropriations and issues around sharing of money. If the federal government is serious with tapping into the opportunities presented by this recession they should look towards Aba and focus on using Aba as the model to bring out the best in Nigerians.


She was part of the BBC presentation team for the London 2012 Olympics and now presents the news on BBC One.
For BBC Sport Tina has been used to report for Football Focus and has presented on the Football League Show on BBC One.
In August 2013, Tina was one of the lead presenters of the Women's European Championships from Sweden.


All Categories - Write Your Book!
Last week I was in San Francisco for Bill Baren's Big Shift Retreat – and reminded about his Ultimate Result System exercise. Bill gets that there are many benefits to knowing the ultimate result you offer your clients, and having a system that will take them there! What shocks me is how many entrepreneurs are out there marketing without really knowing their ultimate result, or having a solid system for getting their clients there. Isn't this like offering someone a ride, and not having a car?
To me, the best thing about writing your book is that it "forces" you to focus your topic, and create a system or process to get your reader/client to their "ultimate result." If you don't do this when you write your book, your book will be a lot less effective in marketing and branding you, as well as less successful as a book.
In the Write Your Book world, we focus on getting you to your Awesome Message (ultimate result), via your "I am here (on this earth) to" Mission. When you have these two things, you can put them together with your writing super powers and truly activate the writing of your excellent book! Oh yes!
Additionally, I have to say that having your awesome message up-levels not only your book's success, but also raises the bar on everything – your business and life. When you are working from your awesome message and mission, you are working in synch with the Universe... and this feels oh-so-good... because all kinds of great things begin flowing to you: More credibility, more income, the right clients, and the right opportunities. What used to be your business worries become your business assets.
My message to you is "You can write a book that will awesom-ize your businesses and step you up and into your visionary-ness – and the time to do it is now, because the world needs you at your best. Let's do this!"


Lynch Law Firm, PLLC creates investigative teams based on qualifications, backgrounds, skills, specific experiences, and availability. As an employer, Natalie hires individuals with varied backgrounds that indicate intention, emotional intelligence, integrity, intellectualism, analytics, authorship, and steadfastness of character. Generally speaking, the firm's employees and independent contractors are attorneys, certified public accountants, forensic psychologists, and certified fraud examiners; however, no particular degree or background is required.
Unlike most HR or employment attorneys who perform investigations, the firm's investigators have extensive training in communications with interviewees. Natalie has found particular success working with mothers who balance family and career obligations wonderfully with the project-based work we provide. Her work is intense, professional, fast-paced, and conclusive. Continued employment with Lynch Law Firm, PLLC requires that an employee never loses sight of the dignity of our subject employees or the reliability of our clients' demand.
Lynch Law Firm, PLLC's investigators have extremely broad backgrounds and extremely broad investigative experiences that allow them to quickly assimilate to most workplace scenarios. This allows the investigative process to begin the instant an investigator first initiates contact with one of your employees. Throughout the process, investigators will take the time to learn the particulars of your workplace to determine how and why company culture influences allegations in light of industry culture.
Although Natalie generally insists that investigators dress in a manner that establishes authority within an investigative setting, she also recognizes that certain workplaces mandate particular formality, informality, or safety gear with regards to clothing and attire. She will work with each client's representative to ensure that investigators arrive prepared in every way to ensure the success of your workplace investigation.
Because the least disruptive and most cost-effective way to conduct a workplace investigation is to have the investigative team travel to the workplace environment, our work takes it all over the United States. We maintain reasonable travel expenses and is continuously conscious of placing the most cost-effective investigators at a client site.
Although we have consulted on projects worldwide, it is rarely appropriate for a US-based company to lead an investigation where foreign language, foreign employment laws, or foreign cultures dictate the behavior of employees.
To learn more about the appropriate investigative response to allegations in your workplace, reach out to us. You can expect a frank and insightful assessment of your risk and suggestions regarding an appropriate response.


text:
Nurture Versus Nature
Patricia McLean
Bangs, by Stevan Eldred-Grigg (Penguin, 2013), 300 pp., $30.
Bangs is the fourth in a series of novels about the family at the centre of Oracles and Miracles, published in 1988. The publishers of this latest book have opted to describe author Stevan Eldred-Grigg on the cover as 'the writer of Oracles and Miracles', a strange decision given that 'writing' can be a banal profession (ask any report writer) but an 'author' is, well, authoritative. It's also odd because for my money Oracles and Miracles, along with Sue Reidy's The Visitation, is New Zealand's best feminist novel to date. I read it in London many years ago when feminist fiction was de rigueur but, unlike many other novels of the genre, Oracles and Miracles is funny and non-didactic, and reminiscent of earlier feminist romp-quests such as Erica Jong's Fear of Flying (1973) and Lisa Alther's Kinflicks (1976). Oracles and Miracles evoked a less sophisticated but recognisable New Zealand; Bangs performs a similar role as it depicts the social and physical landscape of a Christchurch now gone. What all these novels still achieve is a reminder to laugh at the pleasures and pains of being a female baby-boomer.
Bangs is divided into a series of first-person narratives mostly those of Meridee Bang, an imaginative and charming child who grows into an unpleasant teenager and troubled adult. Meridee's mother, Gwendolyn Bang, is sister to Ginnie and Fag, the twin girls at the centre of Oracles and Miracles. In this latest novel, they make brief appearances in Gwendolyn's narratives to smoke, gossip and drink tea, and the way they breeze in and out provides continuity with the rest of Eldred-Griggs's human comedy.
At times the book is laugh-out-loud funny. Meridee and her mother are blessed with a dry wit, although Gwendolyn's is thoroughly mixed in with ignorance. Her self-diagnosis of menopause is one such instance. Gwendolyn's lack of knowledge about contraception and her own body is both comic, and a poignant reminder of the dilemmas our mothers and grandmothers experienced in the days before The Pill. It is this kind of non-preachy feminist humour that Eldred-Griggs excels at. His novels protest not so much about sexism — which is already assumed as laughable — but about the way a prescribed life prevents people from using their talents and achieving their potential, a condition his male characters experience implicitly.
Each narrative reinforces this condition: Valmae, the downtrodden middle sister; Meridee's lover Bruce; and her brother, Larry. These and the other narratives throw Meridee's circumstances into sharp relief. Ida Iremonger and Mad Mon are recognisable characters from the New Zealand education system: the terrifying Iremonger, deputy principal at Meridee's primary school, is that strange but common New Zealand hybrid – a meritocrat with fascist tendencies; Meridee's kindly history teacher, Mad Mon, sees the girl's potential but alone is unable to help her escape her apparent destiny. The novel skilfully negotiates the argument of nature versus nurture (or rather lack of). Meridee is a product of her environment, but like every true heroine she eventually understands – after many trials and errors – that she alone is responsible for finding and following another path.
The Bang household, working-class and short of cash, is the very opposite of the sterile middle-class homes depicted in the novels of Maurice Gee, for instance. If parents fuck you up, as Philip Larkin contends, it seems it might be better to be fucked up by the deprivation and chaos of a Bang-like clan than the puritanical one-child families of Gee's milieu. But Meridee's narrative takes a dark turn as she describes her relationships with her older brothers and her emotionally abusive mother. As with most large, poor families humour can be found within the squalor and unlike the relentless misery of Once Were Warriors, Eldred-Griggs remembers to include this important dimension. Meridee's descriptions of the Bangs' pecking order while watching television and hogging the heater in winter provide amusing images of life in an overcrowded, insouciant household.
My only complaint about Bangs is the sometimes unconvincing use of the vernacular in the individual narratives, Gwendolyn's especially. It is essential in this kind of fly-on-the-wall fiction that the characters' speech is utterly convincing at every turn, as Alan Duff succeeds to do in Once Were Warriors. In most cases Gwendolyn says 'yer' for 'you', and in other sentences she uses 'ya'. She also exclaims 'yikes' a lot. If I were Gwendolyn I'd use stronger language that that. The Christchurch working-class vernacular needs to be spot on to retain the narrators' authenticity, including the habit of rolling together words and plopping an 'r' into the middle of a word or phrase e.g. 'harever' for 'however', and 'har-roldahya?' for 'how old are you?'. The occasional Americanism is also annoying. Meridee refers to high school 'grades' when in 1970s New Zealand the term 'marks' was in use. Characters also say 'sure' instead of 'of course', and Meridee refers to the hallway in their tiny house as a 'lobby'. These words jar and could have been fixed by simply reading the text aloud to test for authenticity. It would be a pity for New Zealand literature if these expressions, along with the unnecessary explanation of the Springbok Tour protests, were included to make the novel easier for American readers to understand.
While Meridee inherits her mother's wit she also develops a poetic turn of phrase, providing an early hint that her redemption might lie in this ability. At high school she is inspired by Shakespeare and referring to her knowledge of Macbeth advises her mother that she is the sow 'that hath eaten her nine farrow'. The insult indicates Meridee's unconscious fantasy of her mother as a cannibal who will devour her children's hopes and dreams, just as hers were. It also predicts the outcomes for most of her eight brothers and sisters, whom she observes in adulthood to be zombie-like: white and obese consumers who are intellectually, spiritually and emotionally dead.
As Meridee grows older and unhappier her poetic language deserts her and her teenage narrative projects the sordidness of her environment. Her language becomes as limited as her life is becoming. Meridee's early narratives show her to be a happy, secure child until a series of events leads her to conclude she is unwanted and unloved. She then has little choice but to internalise and then project the flaws of those around her. Unfortunately, Meridee is cursed with a refined mind and as she fails to absorb her mother's ignorance and vulgarity, the absence of an alternative identity has potentially tragic consequences.
Like Oracles and Miracles, Bangs relates the effects of a lack of nurturing on the spirit of a child. In both stories the main culprit is the mother, which could lead readers to conclude that Eldred-Griggs's Christchurch novels have it in for mums. Both parents though are culpable: in Oracles and Miracles, the father is a drunk; in Bangs Meridee's pencil-sketched father is negligent through absence. As Meridee herself says, 'Dad can be very good at nothing' and Bruce, her lover, describes him as a 'shadow'.
Meridee's regular references to polyester, nylon and other man-made fibres point to the falseness and unsustainability of the Bangs' way of life in an implicit critique of cheap and nasty working-class consumerism. When she returns to the family home many years later the house becomes a metaphor for redemption as she overwrites its ugliness with her own special style. But just as Meridee arrives at an uneasy truce with the past, her childhood fantasies of disaster come to fruition. I am looking forward to Eldred-Griggs's next Christchurch family drama.
PATRICIA McLEAN is a freelance writer and editor based in Dunedin. Her PhD from Victoria University was on constructions of masculinity in the novels of Maurice Gee.
I'm happy to see someone else found this novel at times laugh out loud! Congratulations to Eldred-Grigg who has, in my opinion, managed to capture perfectly the spirit of growing up in the 60's and 70's, albeit with an abusive twist.