This quarter, LaIR hours (LaIR), or office hours for the introductory CS 106 classes, were relocated from the Tresidder LaIR to the second floor of Old Union. Students feel that the relocation to Old Union has compromised the efficiency of the LaIR.
After confirming that they will in fact lose their space in Old Union, The Free Store's future remains uncertain. Unless The Free Store finds a new home by the end of the quarter, the heavily valued resource will be dissolved.
Many Stanford students responding to a recent survey have indicated their support for the Stanford Free Store, which is in danger of losing its current location.
Just days before their grand reopening, Stanford's Free Store—where students can take items such as clothes, microwaves and textbooks for free and donate their leftover things to help reduce waste—was notified that they would lose their location in Old Union's basement.


text:
La proteïnasa 3 (també coneguda com a PRTN3) és un enzim codificat pel gen humà PRTN3.

Es tracta d'una endopeptidasa, concretament una serin proteasa neutra (proteases que afecten proteïnes i pèptids que tenen el centre actiu en una serina), que degrada l'elastina in vitro, emmagatzemada en els grànuls azuròfils dels neutròfils citoplasmàtics.

S'expressa principalment en els neutròfils polimorfonuclears, en els quals contribueix en la generació de pèptids antimicrobians, ja que processa bacteris gramnegatius com E.coli, bacteris grampositius com Streptococcus faecalis i fongs com la Candida albicans.

S'ha trobat certa similitud estructural amb altres serines proeases (Catepsina G i Elastasa), les quals també tenen un paper antimicrobià. Aquest, no està estrictament lligat a l'activitat proteolítica, sinó que la càrrega positiva de les membranes de les serines proteases pot unir-se fortament a les membranes cel·lulars d'alguns bacteris. La unió inhibeix la síntesi d'algunes proteïnes bacterianes i indueix la despolarització de la seva membrana.

Les serin proteases actuen en combinació amb espècies reactives d'oxigen per ajudar a degradar microorganismes que es troben en fagolisosomes i són abundantment secretades en el medi extracel·lular després de l'activació de neutròfils. Part d'aquestes serin proteases queden lligades a la membrana plasmàtica on poden interaccionar i regular l'activitat d'algunes estructures (quimiocines, citocines, factors de creixement i receptors cel·lulars).

Localització del gen PRTN3
El gen PRTN3 fou localitzat per primer cop en el cromosoma 19p13.3 per hibridació in situ fluorescent en cromosomes en metafase de cèl·lules epitelials i endotelials. És format per 6570 parells de bases que conformen cinc exons i quatre introns. L'intró I conté una àrea formada per dos motius repetits: GAAT i TGAGT; i l'intró IV conté 12 repeticions de GA. Aquestes extensions poden causar inestabilitat cromosòmica i, aleshores, certa predisposició als reordenaments i supressions genètiques associades a la leucèmia.

Diversos estudis suggereixen que l'expressió de la proteïnasa 3 es limita principalment a l'etapa mielocítica del desenvolupament de la medul·la òssia.

Funció
La seva funció principal és la degradació de proteïnes de la matriu extracel·lular (elastina, fibronectina, col·lagen tipus I, III i IV, laminina i vitronectina). Com a proteasa, l'activitat catalítica que duu a terme és la hidròlisi proteïca. Normalment les proteïnes a degradar es troben en llocs on s'hagi proudït una reacció inflamatòria. Tanmateix, també té substrats intracel·lulars implicats en la regulació de la proliferació cel·lular i apoptosi. Comparteix la funció principal amb altres serin proteases com la elastase o la catepsina G, amb les quals hi té similituds estructurals.

A més, està involucrada en nombrosos processos biològics incloent la proteòlisi, la proliferació cel·lular, el processament catabòlic del col·lagen, la regulació negativa de la fagocitosi, la diferenciació dendrítica, a més d'altres com la digestió, la coagulació de la sang, l'activació del complement, la reproducció i el desenvolupament. Aquests enzims poden contribuir a la capacitat dels leucòcits polimorfonuclears a migrar a través de la membrana basal i a la seva capacitat per digerir microorganismes i altres materials ingerits dins el fagolisosoma.

Fisiològicament, l'activitat proteolítica de PRTN3 pot facilitar el moviment dels neutròfils de la vasculatura a través de les membranes basals en els llocs d'inflamació o pot ajudar en la digestió de microorgaismes fagocitats. Patològicament, la propietat elastolítica de la PRTN3 suggereix un paper en el desenvolupament d'efisema. Aquesta possibilitat és recolzada per la demostració de lesions efisematoses en els pulmons dels hàmsters seguint la insuflació intratraqueal de PRTN3.

A més, la PRTN3, a part de la seva activitat proteolítica contra proteïnes de la matriu extracel·lular, té una varietat d'altres accions potencialment importants. La PRTN3 és més coneguda com a mieloblastina, a la qual s'ha atribuït un paper central en el control de la diferenciació i creixement de les cèl·lules leucèmiques.

És molt important a nivell de malalties la relació de la PRTN3 amb la granulomatosi de Wegener.

En particular, PRTN3 té propitetats que la diferencien de les altres proteases:
 És el determinant antigènic o epítop dels anticossos anticitoplasma de neutròfils (ANCA's) de la classe c-ANCA, un tipus d'anticòs que es troba amb freqüència en la granulomatosis de Wegener.
 Està involucrada en la regulació de la funció immune. És la proteïna d'unió a IL-32 (interleucina-32), la qual és produïda per limfòcits T i èsta implicada en trastorns inflamatoris. La inhibició específica de l'activitat de PR3 per processar o neutralitzar IL-32, pot reduir les conseqüències de les citocines (IL-32) en mamalties autoimmunes regulades.
 Està present en processos de secreció. La microscopia electrònica confirma que la proteïna està present, junt amb la CR1, en vesícules secretores, així com en alguns grànuls específics.
 Es pensa que pot estar implicada en la degradació de les proteïnes de la matriu extracel·lular en llocs d'inflamació, proteïnes d'unió cel·lular i receptors. Una degradació excessiva, prolongada o inadecuada provoca efectes nocius.
 Si és secretada per neutròfils activats durant la inflamació està involucrada en l'apoptosi de cèl·lules endotelials.
 Este involucrada en processos proteolítics de citocines i mediadora inflamatòries. Per exemple, l'activitat antimicrobiana de hCAP18 requereix l'escissió de la propia proteïna per tal que s'alliberi una seqüència de 37 aminoàcids o residus de l'extrem C-terminal, els quals formen el polipèptid (LL-37). Així, PRTN3 processa la hCAP18, per transformar-la en la seva forma activa LL-37, que té propoietats antimicrobianes.
 De manera semblant pot activar la IL-18, una citocina proinflamatòria i important regulador de la resposta immunitària innata i adquirida.
 Esta relacionada amb la quimiocina IL-8 (77 residus), responsable de la desgranulació de neutròfils i de la migració de neutròfils a llocs inflamatoris. PRTN3 trenca un enllaç Ala-Lys i s'allibera la forma más activa d'IL-8; IL-70 (70 residus).
 Un model celular recombinant s'ha utilitzat per demostrat que té un paper molt important en la supervivència de neutròfils.
 Serveix com ajuda per al diagnòstic i classificació de diverses vasculitis i malalties autoimmunes.
S'ha observat que en pacients amb diabetis de tipus 1, els nivells de PRTN3 i elastasa, augmenten respecte al que seria habitual. Aquest augment encara és més evident en els casos on la malaltia té menys d'un any. Per contra, el nivell de α1-antitripsina, un inhibidor de les serin proteases, baixa. Els resultats d'aquestes observacions suggereixen que PRTN3 i la elastasa puguin esdevenir biomarcadors de la diabetis de tipus 1.

Estructura i Conformació
La seva estructura globular permet catalitzar les reaccions en què participa. En els quatre monòmers similars que la conformen, hi trobem estructures secundàries com làmines beta, hèlix alfa i diversos loops. Aquests últims permeten certa mobilitat en un medi aquós.
Inicialment, la proteïnasa 3 té una mida de 35k Da però en un procés de maduració de 3 hores s'acaba modulant fins a ésser de 29 kDa. En efecte, la proteïnasa 3 requereix tres escissions proteolítiques per a la maduració: dos al costat amino terminal i una al carboxi terminal. El primer trencament es tradueix en l'eliminació d'una seqüència senyal del reticle endoplasmàtic de 25 aminoàcids. En les ruptures addicionals, el dipèptid Ala2-Glu1 provinents de la banda amino-terminal precedent Ile-1 i una seqüència de set aminoàcids (del COOH terminal fins a Arg-222) és separada, deixant així la proteïnasa de 222 aminoàcids pròpia de leucòcits polimorfonuclears.

Mitjançant mètodes de microcopia confocal immunofluorescent i fraccionament subcel·lular, es pot trobar la proteïna en el citosol en el seu estat natiu.

Funcionament deficient
La seva activitat excessiva, prolongada o inadequada pot produir efectes nocius pel cos.

Per exemple, el paper de la PRTN3 al nostre cervell no està ben definit, però alguns estudis apunten que la PRTN3 augmenta la resposta inflamatòria, la producció de citocines en la micròglia primària i indueix la mort de neurones. PRTN3 podria ser, perquè un modulador de neuroinflamació. El bloqueig de PRTN3 podria tenir força interès com a diana terapèutica en malalties com l'ictus i la malaltia d'alzheimer.

També té un paper important en les periodontitis. Tot i que hi ha un nombre limitat d'estudis que investiguen el paper de la proteïnasa 3 en la patogènesi d'aquestes malalties (periodontitis i gingivitis), s'ha detectat que en pacients de malalties periodontals hi ha un excés d'activitat de la proteinasa 3. Els científics també han suggerit que els bacteris periodontopatogènics com la Prevotella estimulen l'alliberament de proteinasa 3.

Tot i que no queda del tot clar, sembla que la seva mutació té un paper rellevant en malalties destructives com l'emfisema pulmonar, artritis reumatoide i la glomuorlonefritis.

Inhibidors
Les serpines són un conjunt de proteïnes amb capacitat d' inhibir altres enzims del grup de proteases, especialment les serin proteases. Hi ha més de 1000 serpines conegudes en el cos humà. Comparteixen una estructura terciària similiar amb un pes molecular d'aproximadament 50 kDa. Aquesta família de proteïnes, a més, excerceixen importants funcions reguladores en esdeveniments proteolítics intracel·lulars i extracel·lulars, incloent la coagulació sanguínia i l'apòptosi entre d'altres.

L'anàlisi de la selva estructura ha ajudat a entendre la seva funció. Tot i que cada serpina varia lleugerament en la conformació, la majoria de les serpines presenten una estructura ordenada similar. Les primeres que es van estudiar, antitripsina i l'antitrombina, van mostrar que totes les serpines presenten un plec diferent que els permet fixar-se dins d'altres proteïnes i, inhibeixen les seves funcions. Una simple mutació pot modificar la seva estrcutura i, com a conseqüència, la seva funció inhibidora.

Pel que fa a la PRTN3, és inhibida per les serpines α1-proteïnasa (la serpina més abundant del cos humà) i α₂-macroglobulina. En contrast amb les altres dues serin proteases, la PRTN3 no és inhibida per la secreció de leucoproteases.

Referències

Enzims

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
KPG-818 Found Safe to Enter Clinical Trials for SLE, Blood Cancers
by Alice Melão
Positive early Phase 1 clinical data in healthy volunteers support Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals' plan to advance KPG-818 into clinical trials in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or blood cancers.
KPG-818 is a small molecule designed to inhibit the activity of the CRL4-CRBN protein complex. CRBN, or cereblon, is a protein with a key role in ubiquitination of other proteins, which means tagging with a marker for degradation called ubiquitin. Through this suppression, KPG-218 — Kangpu's lead product — is intended to modulate the activity of immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies.
Preclinical studies have indicated that KPG-818 can effectively block pro-inflammatory signals and prevent the proliferation of immune cells. Studies in animal models have also suggested that this investigational therapy could represent an alternative strategy to tackle myeloma and lymphoma malignant cells.
A recently completed Phase 1 trial explored the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of KPG-818 in healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetics refers to a compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.
Conducted in the United States, the double-blind trial (NCT03949426) enrolled 40 women and men ages 18–55 who were randomly assigned to take one of five doses of KPG-818 — 2, 5, 10, 20, or 30 mg — or a dose-matching placebo given as oral capsules. Each dose group included eight participants, six taking KPG-818 and two taking the placebo.
All participants underwent physical evaluations, which included assessment of vital signs and heart function. Potential adverse reactions were monitored within the following 72 hours and in a follow-up visit 10 days after taking the capsules. Blood and urine samples were also collected 72 hours after taking KPG-818 or the placebo for additional laboratory analysis.
Results showed that KPG-818 was generally safe and well-tolerated, with no safety issues reported. No serious adverse reactions or toxicity events were described for any KPG-818 dose tested, according to the company.
KPG-818 also showed a favorable pharmacological profile that supports once-daily oral dosing. The positive Phase 1 data also revealed no difference in exposure to the experimental therapy when dosing under fed versus fasting conditions.
Kangpu will use the collected data to identify the most suitable doses of its treatment candidate to be tested in clinical trials in people with SLE or blood cancer.
Alice Melão
Tagged Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals, KPG-818, pharmacokinetics, Phase 1 trial, safety, tolerability.
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I'm working (only in my head, for now) on a lengthy response (part agreement, part dissent) to Jim Manzi's much discussed piece (and I'll only start working on actually writing it once I finish a first draft of the screenplay, so send all your positive brainwaves that way, folks). I haven't had time to follow discussion in the comboxes, but I am surprised that so much of the discussion has revolved around Manzi's claim that aggregate GDP in Europe has not kept pace with that of America since 1980.
I mean, the claim just isn't terribly important to the larger argument. It's absurdly insufficient as a data point to persuade anyone that the American model is in some categorical way "better" than Europe's at producing growth; and I can't imagine anyone abandoning his convictions about the success of the "Anglo-Saxon" model if that particular prop were kicked out.
Think about this: what happened to the relative share of American and Japanese global GDP from 1960 to 1985? Does that "prove" that the Japanese corporatist model is superior to the American model? There were plenty of people in both Japan and America who thought exactly that in the 1980s; what do we think of them now?
But I think there's another point to be made about Manzi's comparison. As I think all have agreed, a substantial portion, probably the biggest portion, of the difference in share of global GDP between the US and our various European competitors – say, France, or Germany, or Italy, or whoever you like – relates to demographics. American population growth has outpaced European population growth; and the growth in the American workforce has outpaced the growth in the European workforce even more dramatically.
American population growth has not been driven primarily by natural increase, however; it has been driven by immigration. Immigration is one way a political entity can grow faster than its natural rate of population growth. But another way is by territorial expansion and absorption of the population of the absorbed territory. And this latter has been the strategy pursued by "Europe" if "Europe" is to have any real political meaning.
In my own opinion, if we want to compare the relative share of global economic power represented by "Europe" and America, we need to use a definition of "Europe" that has something to do with wielding power – that is, a political definition and not merely a geographic one. The obvious candidate for this purpose is the European Union and its predecessor institutions.
But the EU has not had a static membership. Just as America has grown through immigration, the EU has grown – substantially – through adding more members. Just as immigration has put some strain on the American social fabric, EU expansion has put some strain on the political fabric of the EU – take a look at the French reaction to the influx of Poles, or the increasingly unviable CAP. But in both cases, growth has meant greater aggregate economic power, and therefore greater global influence – where political institutions have been able to harness that power. This last is more the case in the USA than in the EU, with the notable exception of monetary policy, where the European Central Bank swings quite as big a club as the Fed, if not bigger, precisely because it is just as strong institutionally and has direct influence over a larger share of the global economy.
If what we're trying to measure is which entity, relative to each other, is growing most or shrinking least in global influence, I think it is unarguable that Europe is outpacing America. The end of the Cold War and the integration of much of the former Warsaw Pact into "Europe", and the simultaneous growth of European-wide political institutions (at least at the level of economic policy-making), has dramatically increased Europe's global influence. Whether this political project is going to reach the point of diminishing returns is another question – and a good one. I'm a skeptic that "ever closer union" and "ever expanding union" can work together over the long term, and I think the former is more important at this point than the latter for the development of functional and responsive political institutions. Moreover, given the demographic profile of most of the likely candidates for future expansion, it's not obvious that expansion in this manner will in fact grow Europe's labor force quickly enough (and the big demographic exception – Turkey – poses its own problems). But the fact remains: in 1980 there barely was a "Europe" in a political sense, and now there is one, and the one we have now is substantially bigger.
I don't think I'm making a controversial point here. Germany, in 1980, was divided. Its political influence was severely limited by this fact – West Germany was acutely aware of its dependence on America; East Germany was utterly dominated by the Soviet Union. When West Germany absorbed the East, integrating it into its preexisting political and economic order, it caused considerable economic hardship; German growth was basically stalled for a decade. But every observer understood that this was a move that increased a now-united Germany's economic and political clout. And Germany – as a political entity within a larger European political entity – is reaping the benefits of that greater clout today. The same is true for Europe as a whole. The expansion of "Europe" – first southward to encompass Spain, Portugal and Greece, then eastward to encompass the Warsaw Pact countries of central Europe – has, whatever the other consequences have been, resulted in a relative increase in "Europe's" clout on the global stage.
If we're going to consider America's growth through immigration as one component that contributes to our national power, we should consider Europe's growth through absorption of other countries as one component that contributes to theirs.
At what point should we seriously consider 'absorption' as an alt-strategy to productivity-growth, immigration and baby-making?
Hmmm. Maybe putting together an attractive 'absorption porfolio' would force us to think anew about federal versus local power.
Then again, 50 is a nice round number.
We should then consider in the equation our de facto absorption of (the economies of) Canada, Mexico, and the CAFTA countries via free-trade agreements.
Well, look. The title of the piece is "Keeping America's Edge." If it turns out that there's no edge to be kept, what is the piece even about?
Whether or not Europe's greater levels of social democracy have retarded its economic growth is incredibly central to the piece. That all of Manzi's defenders have tried to downplay it's importance indicate to me that Chait and Krugman are substantially correct, and Manzi has gamed the statistics.
1) is it important for America to maintain that dominance?
2) If so, what sacrifices ought to be made by whom to maintain it?
3) what policies might make it easier or harder to maintain it?
Manzi BEGAN to suggest some answers to #2 and #3 (see his recommendations to undo stimulus, regulate finance, promote immigration, restructure education).
I suspect that his intent in writing his article was to stimulate discussion on these points rather than try to settle a dispute over whether social democracy is or is not superior to free market capitalism with data that, no matter how it is analyzed, would be ridiculously incapable of providing a answer to that question.
To me it looks as though Krugman et al are so sure they will be opposed to any policy direction that Manzi might propose that, as is so common in our political climate today, take want to take potshots at him in any way they can to muffle any additional discussion of the merits in a debate they think they are already winning.
We know from Krugman's writing that he would say Manzi is silly to want to undo the stimulus. But what does he think of the idea of promoting immigration of talent? Regulation of the financial system? School reform? What does Krugman think about the importance of maintaining our edge? I'd be very interested to hear that discussion.
Excellent point Noah. I've been thinking about this some from the Defense side as I've done some work on European Defense spending professionally (with update to come). Not surprisingly European defense industrial integration, let alone military integration, is in many ways even more fraught than economic integration. However, while Europe does still spend less as a percentage of GDP on Defense than the U.S. does, the EU's efforts towards integration also should improve clout based on the logic of the Manzi piece.
We should just as well ask, "whither China?" That's one helluva big country to hold together on the timescale that is relevant for contemplating America's position in the world. Whither USSR? Whither pre-Pakistan India?
The most plausible hypothesis, in a world of moderately porous borders, is that growth through immigration and growth through per capita economic expansion are additive (or more properly multiplicative): immigrants seek out the fastest-growing economy, and their additional numbers increase the aggregate size of that economy.
Krugman and Chait are exceedingly disingenuous, for those of us over 50. The whole mantra of the Europhile left when I was young (i.e., the 1980s) was that the European system would produce superior economic growth, not growth almost as good. See, e.g., Lester Thurow's "Head to Head." To now say that a 12bp deficit in economic growth doesn't matter (you bet it would matter if it ran the other way), and that per hour economic productivity, not per capita, is what matters (that sure wasn't the metric used to measure macroeconomic performance under George W. Bush), is such obvious hypocrisy that I find myself unable to understand the mental processes of those who make those arguments.
Chet, it seems clear to me that the "edge" Manzi is talking about is America's global economic and military dominance.
What economic dominance? That's the central claim that's been under discussion for so long.
I've had some time to digest this post. First thing that pops into my head is how the EU conducts foreign policy and what this has to do with output share and clout.
Since I believe this to be a main point of the article, let's assume that output share is an indicator of international clout. Let's also stipulate that Noah's definition of 'Europe' is sound, that the EU is equal to or greater than the US in output share, and that the EU has accomplished this by absorption. Let's also stipulate Jim's point that output share is an indicator of power potential, and that power potential is a determiner of security.
At first glance it would seem that the EU has more clout than the US, and therefore more security. Which would then mean that Jim's article is incomplete at best, fatally flawed at worst.
However, the EU's clout is undermined by the her disaggregation of foreign policy, the disassociation between trade, on the one hand, and national security on the other. Which means comparison between the US and EU, on the question of the output and clout, is simply off base: the EU cannot parlay its global output share into geopolitical leverage and collective security, whereas the US can and does.
Of course, for the EU this does not a huge problem make, since the US is a de facto guarantor of Europe's security interest. But that in turn lessens the clout of Euro-zone nations even more. That works out well when your benefactor is a BFG. It works out well for the BFG, too, since it makes us indispensable and shortens the list of the truly competitive heavy-hitters.
But it does mean that we, Americans, should be more concerned with output share since our position requires us to be more concerned with clout. The EU can afford to err on the side of cohesion. I don't think that's true for the US.
This still doesn't tell us how to balance order and chaos in the economic arena. But it does warn us against looking at European policies and seeing a way forward for America. America must keep her edge because she's the one forced to wield more than a butter knife.
KVS: well, that's one way to look at it.
Another way to look at it would be: Europe's relative geopolitical weakness has to do with the nature of Europe's political institutions rather than with the nature of its economic system.
If that's the case, then if the US actually wants Europe to shoulder more of the defense burden (positing only for the sake of argument that America's military establishment really is shouldering the burden of defense as opposed to being partly about that, partly about other things entirely) it needs Europe to develop other political institutions. That probably means getting on Germany's bandwagon with respect to deeper integration instead of always pushing for greater expansion (assuming you agree with me that there's some tradeoff between the two goals).
Alternatively, as you say, if we don't want a partner who might expect to be treated as an equal, we can live with Europe as it exists now – and expect it to get some combination of higher growth and more equality because it can "get away with" a lighter defense burden.
What – if anything – can persuade you people from making EVER MORE posts on this poorly-written and badly-received Culture War diatribe? It's not worth any of our time.
You still don't seem to understand. Under social democracy, Europe has barely managed to keep up with America's growth rate in GDP per capita, even as America was greatly expanding its population through immigration. The U.S. has largely maintained its share of global GDP, while Europe's share has plummeted. Under social democracy, Europe is falling further and further behind the U.S. in living standards, and even further behind in global economic influence.
The U.S. has largely maintained its share of global GDP, while Europe's share has plummeted.
Europe is falling further and further behind the U.S. in living standards, and even further behind in global economic influence.
Yes, it has. I don't know how you seriously think you can deny this. Manzi cited two sets of data showing a massive decline in Europe's share of global GDP.
Yes, it is. Europe's GDP per capita is already lower than that of the U.S., and Europe's GDP per capita growth rate is no faster than that of the U.S. (as Paul Krugman noted in his column two days ago, the EU15's GDP per capita growth rate since 1980 has actually been a bit lower than that of the U.S.) Unless Europe can increase its growth rate above that of the U.S., it will continue to fall further and further behind the U.S. in GDP per capita and living standards.
Manzi cited two sets of data showing a massive decline in Europe's share of global GDP.
As Chait, Krugman, the Economist, The New Republic and other sources have pointed out – Manzi was wrong. The data he cited doesn't show this. The "massive decline" you claim simply didn't happen.
Except that it always has been, and has not changed at all. The entire difference in GDP is the result of different patterns in population growth between the US and Europe, especially when you factor out the distorting influence of the various European nations that began 1980 as communist dictatorships (as Manzi did not do, and refuses to.) US and European GDP per capita have grown at entirely comparable rates. Living standards have long been higher in Europe than in the United States. You're coming into the debate late, I guess; all this stuff has been discussed and refuted. Manzi's taken the pretense that, sure, he "wasn't clear", and anyway "it's not central to the article." Manzi's abandoned the claim, in other words. (Now he's claiming, absurdly, that every current European social democracy in the present day was also one in 1980.) Are you sure you want to take it up?
As I said: Whether or not Europe's greater levels of social democracy have retarded its economic growth is incredibly central to the piece. The evidence is overwhelming that it has not. Ergo, Manzi's piece continues to be founded on a pretty glaring factual error.
Yes, it did. The critics you cite are just quibbling over the exact numbers. As Manzi has demonstrated, Europe has suffered a massive decline in its share of global GDP over the past few decades. And this is true whether Europe is defined to include only western Europe, as represented by the EU15, or more formally to include the eastern and southern European nations and parts of Russia as well. Manzi has supported this claim with multiple sources of GDP data, and no one has produced any source that contradicts it.
No, not "except" that. Europe already has a lower GDP per capita than the U.S. and Europe's GDP per capita is not growing any faster than that of the U.S. (As Krugman himself pointed out, the EU15's GDP per capita growth rate since 1980 has actually been a bit lower than that of the U.S.). Unless Europe's growth rate increases above that of the U.S., this means Europe's GDP per capita will continue to fall further and further behind that of the U.S. It is a mathematical certainty. If I have $10,000 and you have $5,000, I am $5,000 richer than you are. If we both double our money (i.e., same rate of growth), I will have $20,000 and you will have $10,000. I will then be $10,000 richer than you. The gap will continue to widen unless your growth rate increases to exceed mine.
No, it's not. It's a matter of both population growth and the fact that Europe is not growing any faster in GDP per capita. The U.S. has grown as fast or faster than Europe in GDP per capita while absorbing vast numbers of low-skilled immigrants into its economy. There is no basis for the assumption that Europe could have done this. Europe can barely provide enough jobs for the people it already has, let alone for a much larger immigrant population. Tightly regulated labor markets, high taxes and generous welfare benefits simply are not conducive to high levels of employment.
It's not growing any slower, either, so I don't see what your point is. All of the GDP growth difference can be explained by the differences in population growth. It has nothing to do with "generous welfare benefits" or any other social democratic program.
Europe currently enjoys a higher rate of employment than the United States.
I just explained it to you. Even at the same growth rate, Europe's GDP per capita will fall further and further behind that of the U.S. as time passes. And according to Krugman, since 1980 (and possibly earlier) GDP per capita has grown more slowly in the EU15 than in the U.S.
Yes it does. I already explained this too. Generous welfare benefits discourage employment. So do high taxes and tightly regulated labor markets. Those are some of the reasons why unemployment rates in Europe have been higher than in the U.S. They are also reasons why it is very unlikely that Europe would have been able to increase its population at the same rate as the U.S. has done without sacrificing growth in GDP per capita.
Even at the same growth rate, Europe's GDP per capita will fall further and further behind that of the U.S. as time passes.
So what? What does that have to do with living standards?
And according to Krugman, since 1980 (and possibly earlier) GDP per capita has grown more slowly in the EU15 than in the U.S.
Only barely, and so what? There are 27 nations in the European Union, not 15. Why be concerned about such a small subset of them?
I already explained this too. Generous welfare benefits discourage employment. So do high taxes and tightly regulated labor markets.
Maybe it wasn't clear – I heard you the first time. I just didn't believe you. Generous welfare benefits don't discourage employment, they promote it. The most generous nations in Europe in terms of social democracy are also the ones with the lowest unemployment and the largest per capita GDP. The more conservative European nations are the ones with higher unemployment. Of course, in conservative America, we have pretty substantial unemployment of our own, further highlighting the connection between stingy social welfare policies and high unemployment.
Current employment rates aren't a reliable indicator of long-term trends.
You weren't talking about "trends". You were talking about the present, and Europe's ability to provide jobs for its citizens. On that score they're doing a lot better than we are.
I'm waiting for your posts to contain anything that is true. Apparently being a conservative means taking a great deal of economics simply on faith.
Huh? Living standards are based on GDP per capita. As Europe's GDP per capita continues to fall further and further below that of the U.S., so will Europe's living standards.
So, the GDP per capita, and hence living standards, of the EU15 are falling further and further behind those of the U.S. at an even faster rate than they would be if the GDP per capita of the EU15 were growing as fast as that of the U.S.
Show me your evidence that there is a positive correlation between generosity of welfare benefits and level of employment. The assertion is deeply counterintuitive. The larger the benefits provided to non-workers, the smaller the incentive to work. The U.S. provides significantly less benefits to non-workers than Europe, but has a significantly higher level of employment, which is inconsistent with your claim.
And it's not just generous welfare benefits that discourage work in social democracies, but also high taxes on employers and highly-regulated labor markets, which make it more difficult, expensive and risky for employers to hire.
No, we are talking about trends. The trends of the past few decades. And one such trend has been a significantly lower level of employment in Europe than in the U.S.
Living standards are based on GDP per capita.
Which is increasing in both Europe and the US. Ergo, living standards will continue to increase apace, according to your logic. Of course, that logic fails to capture a basic point that if the GDP growth is concentrated among a few individuals (as its more likely to be in the US) living standards won't actually increase. Goldman-Sacks executives owning two yachts instead of one doesn't increase American living standards any.
Show me your evidence that there is a positive correlation between generosity of welfare benefits and level of employment.
Europe. Hell, even in the US the states with the least generous social welfare also have the highest levels of unemployment.
The assertion is deeply counterintuitive.
Only to conservatives, I suppose.
And one such trend has been a significantly lower level of employment in Europe than in the U.S.
Except that Europe overall has higher employment than the US.
GDP per capita, and hence living standards, is increasing faster in the U.S. than in Europe. Even under the same real rate of growth in GDP per capita, the amount of real GDP per capita has been growing faster in the U.S. than in Europe. Europe is falling further and further behind the U.S. in living standards as time passes.
Sorry, uttering the word "Europe" does not constitute evidence of a positive correlation between generosity of welfare benefits and level of employment. Show me studies and data that substantiate your claim.
I don't know if that's true even now. In any case, the trend over the past few decades has been a significantly higher level of employment in the U.S. than in Europe, as Paul Krugman himself has attested.
GDP per capita, and hence living standards, is increasing faster in the U.S. than in Europe.
What "hence" living standards? The best living standards on Earth are in Europe, because in the US, GDP growth "per capita" doesn't grow per capita, it grows as a function of the rich getting a lot richer. Inflation-adjusted wages haven't grown since the mid-70's. Where's that "increase in living standards" supposed to come from if people can't afford any increase? Cheaper TV's? Please.
I don't know if that's true even now.
At some point, Jerry, you're going to have to do some homework.
More factually incorrect claims. First, GDP per capita would rise even if all the gains went to the rich. GDP per capita is simply total GDP divided by the population. Second, the gains do not all go to the rich.
Yet another unsubstantiated claim. Show me your evidence that "inflation-adjusted wages haven't grown since the mid-70's." And I'm still waiting for your evidence of a positive correlation between generosity of welfare benefits and level of employment. You made the claim. Substantiate it.
But even if your wage claim above were true, it is irrelevant. Living standards are not simply a matter of wages. In fact, wages comprise only about 45% of total U.S. GDP.
First, GDP per capita would rise even if all the gains went to the rich. GDP per capita is simply total GDP divided by the population.
Yes, exactly, Jerry. Try to follow along, ok? How would such an apparent increase improve living standards? If the GDP gains are actually concentrated among a few individuals, GDP per capita would grow (like I said, and you've now agreed with) but living standards would not possibly increase. How could they? That's what I've asked you to address three times, now. Why are you being so evasive?
You made the claim. Substantiate it.
Europe, where the highest employment and standards of living are associated with the more generous welfare states, is the substantiation. Like I said three times now. Try to keep up, ok?


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Powerful Lasers Could Help Steer Lightning Strikes, Help Protect Sensitive Areas
AllNewsAppsScience And Future
Monit KhannaUpdated on Jan 17, 2023, 15:49 IST
The setup essentially ionises nitrogen and oxygen molecules, releasing electrons and creating a plasma that conducts electricity.The laser fires at a blazing fast 1,000 pulses per second and it captures more lightning as it forms.Based on testing, which was conducted during June and September 2021, the lightning was able to follow the bean for nearly 197 feet before it hit the rod
The use of lightning rods to safely guide lightning strikes into the ground has been a common approach that dates back centuries. And while they work as they should, they don't offer enough cover for a large area, due to their short range.
However, researchers in Europe have tested a system that makes use of terawatt-level later pulses to steer lighting toward a 26-foot rod, reveals an Engadget report.
What's crazy is that this isn't limited by its physical height and is able to cover much wider areas, as high as 590 feet, even with clouds and fog in its way.
The setup essentially ionises nitrogen and oxygen molecules, releasing electrons and creating a plasma that conducts electricity. The laser fires at a blazing fast 1,000 pulses per second and it captures more lightning as it forms.
Based on testing, which was conducted during June and September 2021, the lightning was able to follow the bean for nearly 197 feet before it hit the rod.
According to Dr Aurélien Houard, who helped lead the project, in a conversation (with the Wall Street Journal) that their laser was able to shoot 100 times more pulses per second than in previous attempts.
This however is still in very nascent stages and it could still take a long time before we see mass applications of this approach. Yet it offers an avenue that could eventually make lightning protection across large areas.
Keep visiting Indiatimes.com for the latest science and technology news.


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Lil Mosey Net Worth, Early Life, Personal Life and Career
in Celebrity News
If you are unfamiliar with American rapper Lil Mosey, then you should know a few things about him Like Lil Mosey Net Worth, Early Life, Personal Life, Career and How he start his journey. He rose to prominence with his single "Pull Up" and released his debut album Northsbest in late 2017. The album also contained the Billboard Hot 100 charting single "Noticed." The song has since become a worldwide hit, and has even been featured on several television shows.
Mosey's rapping career has landed him multiple awards, but he is perhaps best known for his popularity on social media. The rapper is incredibly popular, especially on YouTube, and is one of the hottest new artists in the music industry today. In fact, it's no surprise that Mosey has become so popular – and has a lot to do with social media.
Aside from his musical talents, Mosey also has a long and successful career as a singer and rapper. He started out as a vocalist on SoundCloud and uploaded covers of other artists' songs. He was a big fan of Meek Mill, and has over 294 thousand subscribers to his SoundCloud page. His music has been viewed by millions of people worldwide.
Lil Mosey started singing when he was just a teenager. His first song, "So Bad", became a viral hit and garnered millions of views on the online music platform. In 2013, Mosey released his first commercial single, "Pull Up", which was also featured on a music video that reached more than ten million views on YouTube. Several other singles, including his debut single, Northsbest, were released in the summer of 2018. Currently, the artist is working on his third album, and his videos have garnered over 10 million views on YouTube.
Early Life of Lil Mosey
Lil Mosey was born on January 25, 2002, in Mountlake Terrace, Washington. Growing up in a loving and supportive family, he became fascinated with music and rapping. He started out by copying famous rap artists and performing in front of his friends. This was when his friends encouraged him to get into the hip hop industry.
After completing high school, Mosey decided to drop out. He made a deal with his mother to drop out in 10th grade. However, his mother refused to let him leave, but he eventually convinced her to let him drop out.
The video gained 30,000 views within three days, and the rapper became an overnight sensation. As a result, he left school and pursued his dreams. His mother, Kari Cash, passed away on May 16, 2002, leaving him to focus on music full-time.
He was born Lathan Moses Echols on January 25, 2002. He was raised by his single mother, who taught him how to make music and was influenced by Nas and 50 Cent.
After Drop out Lil Mosey Net Worth
Upon leaving school, Mosey signed with Interscope Records. His second studio album, Certified Hitmaker, was released in February 2018. The track reached #12 on the US Billboard 200 and #9 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. After announcing his debut album, he released multiple singles for his mixtape "Universal". The first one, "So Bad", was released on November 13th, 2018, and received over two million views. Till now he Lil Mosey Net Worth was good enough.
The Personal Life of Lil Mosey
The personal life of Lil Mosey is a fascinating subject. The rapper rose to fame in late 2017 with the single "Pull Up." His debut album, Northsbest, reached the Billboard Hot 100 chart with the song "Noticed." Here's a look into his early years and how he became a top-selling rapper. The first time we hear about Lil Mosey, we see him as an up-and-coming talent who is determined to achieve great things.
Lil Mosey is a single man. His parents are American and his father is from Puerto Rico. He dropped out of school to pursue his career. His full name is Lathan Moses Echols. Lil Mosey family resides in Seattle. His mother is a former dancer and she is a professional model. He was raised by his single mother, who taught him how to make music and was influenced by Nas and 50 Cent. The star is famous in his hometown and is also popular in the Seattle area.
Lil Mosey's father financed his education so he could focus on his music career. He has two older brothers and a sister. While he initially was a quiet boy, his success soon turned into a big career. The youngster has been able to do just that by working hard.
Lil Mosey is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 68kg. He has black hair and a unique tattoo on both hands. His parents are a married couple, but he is not dating anyone at the moment. He is single and focuses on his music career. It is not known whether he has a girlfriend. The song "Off White" is Mosey's only commercial release. Till Now Lil Mosey Net Worth is $3 Million USD.
Some Facts About Lil Mosey
Celebrated Name: Lil Mosey
Real Name/Full Name: Lathan Moses Eschols
Birth Date: 25 January 2002
Birth Place: Mountlake Terrace, Washington
Profession: Rapper, singer, Songwriter
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Net Worth in 2022: $3 million
The Career of Lil Mosey
The career of Lil Mosey began when he was still in high school. He began to write songs and sing in front of his classmates. The music industry soon became an obsession and he left school to focus on music. His best friend and sister, Kari, also died in 2018, so he vowed to go solo and pursue his music. The following year, he released his first single, "so bad", which has since become one of his biggest hits.
But the actual music career began in 2011 when he released his first single 'Saw'. The song landed him on the XXL Freshman list. He is now a rising star in the rap world, and his fans have responded positively. The young singer also has a social media presence, and an official artist channel on youtube, which he started in 2014. It has over 100 million views as of this writing.
Mosey's first project was released on SoundCloud in August 2018. The mixtape would be titled "Moses" and it would feature different songs. He also performed on the Domination Tour in 2018 with Juice WRLD and Smokepurpp. He also performed as a special guest for Lil Xia in Seattle. The young rapper has continued to build a fan base and has begun his journey to fame.
After His First Album Success
While he was once shy and unsure of himself, his public image has gradually grown. His first album reached number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and Mosey has since become more comfortable on stage. After a successful debut, he is currently working on his second album, titled "Certified Hitmaker" and is currently a platinum-certified rapper. It is now his most popular album and has helped him establish himself as an entrepreneur.
The career of Lil Mosey has reached great heights in the music industry. His rapping and singing skills have earned him accolades from both peers and fans worldwide. His newest album, "Still in a dream," was a huge hit in 2018. Despite his relatively young age, he has been able to build a large social media following. His official YouTube channel has more than one million followers.
Lil Mosey Net Worth
Lil Mosey net worth is $3 million, which he earned from his music career. His label, Certified Hitmakers, has made him a successful entrepreneur. While Mosey does not have any tattoos on his face, he has many tattoos on his arms and legs. These tattoos include the words "Thank God" and the word "Loyalty." The artist has a dollar sign tattooed on his finger. His girlfriend, Kori Williams, is a popular teen culture writer and editor who covers pop culture and entertainment.
Lil Mosey has multiple sources of income, including his record company and several singles. He has also appeared on other artists' tracks. He rapped on YG's "Thug Kry" and "No Honorable Mentions" as well as on Trippie Redd's "Taboo" and "Back at It." His popularity has grown to the point where he now has a record label of his own, Certified Hitmakers.
Although Lil Mosey net worth is only $3 million, he is still in the process of trial for the murder of a man in the United States. It is unclear what his legal future holds, but he is an inspiring young man who inspires many. There is a lot to learn about Lil Mosey in this article. It is a great way to get acquainted with this rapper. The song "Like a Mother" was released earlier this year on the XXL Freshman's Day, and has already gained a few awards.
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© Alice Casely-Hayford
A First Look At Azzedine Alaia: The Couturier At The Design Museum
By Alice Casely-Hayford 9 May 2018
Co-curator Mark Wilson speaks to Vogue about working with his longtime friend and collaborator, Azzedine Alaïa, on the UK's first exhibition on the legendary designer, opening this week at the Design Museum.
On May 10, Azzedine Alaïa: The Couturier, the first exhibition to be shown in the UK on the legendary designer, opens to the public at the Design Museum. Conceived and co-curated by Azzedine Alaïa himself, prior to his death in November 2017, the exhibition explores his extraordinary work, spanning his prolific career from the early '80s to his very last masterpieces towards the end of 2017. Over 60 rare garments (including his trademark zipped dress, the bandage dress, the corset belt, the stretch body, perforated leather) are displayed in the exhibition co-curated by Mark Wilson, Chief Curator of the Groninger Museum, alongside a series of specially commissioned architectural screens by Alaïa's close friends, Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec, Konstantin Grcic, Marc Newson, Kris Ruhs and Alaïa's partner of many years, Christoph von Weyhe. Inspired by and complementing the garments on display, the commissioned works are the perfect backdrop to Alaïa's exceptional creations which have shaped the course of fashion history over the past few decades.
Read more: Maison Alaïa Opens London Flagship Store
Photography depicting the processes of Alaïa's craft, as well as personal quotes that offer more snapshots of his life and work adorn the walls of the space, such as: "My obsession is to make women beautiful. When you create with that in mid, things can't go out of fashion."
Last week, as the finishing touches were being made to the exhibition, Vogue spoke with Mark Wilson, who has previously worked on a series of exhibitions with the designer, all around the world. "I've known Azzedine for pretty much 22 years," Wilson explained over the phone from Amsterdam on how the show came to be. "It just happened that [Maison Alaïa] were opening the store in London and they were approached by the Design Museum and I'd been talking to them too, so it was just this synergy that happened. When Azzedine and I went to see the space to talk about it, we realised that it's not really large enough to do a massive retrospective so to speak. I told him that I didn't really want to build walls in the space because I didn't want it to feel closed off. Since it was the Design Museum I thought it was a great opportunity to have screens made so I asked him to select artists; the screens sort of work as backdrops for many of the outfits. It's really the show he wanted to do. I really kept it that way."
Working closely together for months on the exhibition, Alaïa's sudden death in November 2017 might have meant the end of show, however, Wilson and Maison Alaïa decided to go ahead, especially upon discovering the vast amount of work Alaïa had been masterfully labouring on. "I have to say I was really kind of surprised because after he passed... about two weeks later we decided to continue with the show and I went to the atelier and he had really been working on so many outfits for the show," Wilson continues. "For part of the exhibitions we do, he remakes all the outfits. They're elongated and custom-fit to the mannequins. He'd been working on so much so the selection is pretty much 90 percent of what he and I [originally] discussed."
Having worked together previously on exhibitions from Rome to the Netherlands, the exhibition at the Design Museum offers viewers rare access into Alaïa's most recent couture creations. "The last show we did together was the gallery at Borghese in 2015, so we wanted to include groupings of outfits since that exhibition, so that's specifically the stuff he had the atelier working on. They've done an amazing job because they've of course continued since he passed and finished all of the outfits to his specification."
Read more: Prosper Assouline Remembers Azzedine Alaïa
Clearly an almost impossible question to ask both a close friend of Alaïa and someone so close to the project, but does Wilson have a highlight of the exhibition? "I can't really say a favourite piece but the Marc Newson screen is just incredible. Just beautiful. It's 10 metres long by 3.5 metres high so it is monumental. In front of that, in the openings of the show, we are showing the black chiffon outfits with the rivets from Azzedine's last couture show. Naomi [Campbell] wore the one with the velvet. It's seven pieces. They look amazing. I saw him working on them before the show and it's all the variations of that. And again, that was what he and I discussed. That was what was going to open the show, with Marc Newson's screen behind."
As someone who was privileged enough to know Azzedine both professionally and personally, through a friendship that spanned a few decades, what does Mark adore most about The Couturier, Azzedine Alaïa and hope that people will take away from the exhibition? "You can't time his clothes. That's what I think is amazing and we kind of downplay that. I don't think dates are so important. You look at his clothes and they could have been made in the future or the past. I think that's what makes him so special. Timeless. I mean I cannot tell you how much I loved that man. When we were in Rome for about 10 days to do the whole installation of the exhibition [in 2015] we just had a blast. We had so much fun. So much fun. I can't explain how or why but he changed my life. I love doing shows – this is what I do as a a curator – but really I did it to hang out with him because I love him so much… He was incredible."
Azzedine Alaïa: The Couturier is open at the Design Museum from May 10 - October 7 2018.
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18 Unmissable Fashion Exhibitions In 2021
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This Zoom-Friendly Layering Technique Will Make Winter Dressing A Cinch
By Julia Brenard 15 November 2020


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text:
BGHL (GBP): NAV(s)
BOUSSARD AND GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED (GBP)
BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED
The Directors of Boussard & Gavaudan Holding Limited would like to announce the following information for the Company.
Close of business 02 Dec 2021.
Estimated NAV
Euro Shares
Sterling Shares
€ 29.1165
£ 25.2459
Estimated MTD return
Estimated YTD return
Estimated ITD return
NAV and returns are calculated net of management and performance fees
Amsterdam (AEX)
London (LSE)
Market Close
Premium/discount to estimated NAV
GBX 1,900.00
Transactions in own securities purchased into treasury
Liquidity Enhancement Agreement
BGHL Capital
BGHL Ordinary Shares
Held in treasury
Shares Issued
Since the 1st of December 2021, the daily figures take into account the estimated impact of the conversion.
Estimated BG Fund NAV
Class B Euro Shares (estimated)
€ 250.3450
Class GBP A Shares (estimated)
£ 134.1891
The Class B Euro Shares of BG Fund are not subject to investment manager fees, as the Investment Manager receives management fees and performance fees in respect of its role as Investment Manager of BGHL.
Boussard & Gavaudan Investment Management, LLP.
Emmanuel Gavaudan +44 (0) 20 3751 5389 Email : info@bgam-uk.com
The Company is established as a closed-ended investment company domiciled in Guernsey. The Company has received the necessary approval of the Guernsey Financial Services Commission and the States of Guernsey Policy Council. The Company is registered with the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets as a collective investment scheme pursuant to article 2:73 in conjunction with 2:66 of the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht). The shares of the Company (the "Shares") are listed on Euronext Amsterdam. The Shares are also listed on the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange plc's main market for listed securities.
This is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction. This announcement is not intended to and does not constitute, or form part of, any offer or invitation to purchase any securities or the solicitation of any vote or approval in any jurisdiction, nor shall there be any sale, issuance or transfer of the securities referred to in this announcement in any jurisdiction in contravention of applicable law.
Neither the Company nor BG Fund ICAV has been, and neither will be, registered under the US Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"). In addition the securities referenced in this announcement have not been and will not be registered under the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Consequently any such securities may not be offered, sold or otherwise transferred within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, US persons except in accordance with the Securities Act or an exemption therefrom and under circumstances which will not require the issuer of such securities to register under the Investment Company Act. No public offering of any securities will be made in the United States.
You should always bear in mind that:
all investment is subject to risk;
results in the past are no guarantee of future results;
the investment performance of BGHL may go down as well as up. You may not get back all of your original investment; and
if you are in any doubt about the contents of this communication or if you consider making an investment decision, you are advised to seek expert financial advice.
This communication is for information purposes only and the information contained in this communication should not be relied upon as a substitute for financial or other professional advice.
Daily NAV - BgHL
ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. (AP) — A second consecutive postseason matchup pitting Buffalo's Josh Allen against Kansas City's Patrick Mahomes seemed almost inevitable after two of the NFL's top young quarterbacks met in last year's AFC championship game. The same could not have been envisioned as recently as four years ago. What might be lost in all the hype leading up to the divisional playoff meeting at Kansas City on Sunday is both players' connections to Buffalo, and the second-guessing which followe
GLENDALE, Ariz. (AP) — Nick Schmaltz and Johan Larsson each had a goal and an assist, and the Arizona Coyotes stretched the Montreal Canadiens' losing streak to six games with a 5-2 win on Monday. Montreal's first trip to Arizona since 2019 pitted the two teams at the bottom of the NHL standings and the league's two lowest-scoring teams. The teams combined for six goals in the first two periods before shutting each other down in the third. Travis Boyd and Janis Moser also scored for the Coyotes,
Some fear that Twitter agreeing to new rules in Nigeria may encourage others to restrict social media.
Adventus Mining Corporation ("Adventus Mining") (TSXV: ADZN) (OTCQX: ADVZF) and Salazar Resources Limited ("Salazar") (TSXV: SRL) (OTCQX: SRLZF) (collectively the "Participants") are pleased to announce that Alliance Metals International ("AMI"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Participants' joint venture company Salazar Holdings Ltd., has, together with Adventus Mining, entered into a definitive Precious Metals Purchase Agreement (the "PMPA") with Wheaton Precious Metals International Ltd., a
Joss Whedon breaks silence on allegations made by Ray Fisher, Gal Gadot, and Charisma Carpenter
The writer-director has been accused of mistreating actors on the sets of Justice League and Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Des Moines students use MLK Jr. holiday to give back to community
B.C. reports 173 more people in hospital with COVID-19, 4 more in the ICU and 22 additional deaths over 3 days
B.C. health officials reported 819 people in hospital with COVID-19 on Monday, including 99 in intensive care, as the province recorded 22 more deaths from the disease and 5,625 new cases over the weekend. The new numbers represent an increase of 173 COVID-19 patients hospitalized within the last three days, including four more patients in the ICU. Due to a data reporting change introduced Friday, Jan. 14, week-to-week hospitalization comparisons won't be available again until this Friday. Healt
Regular contact with Tonga may not resume for weeks after confirmation the communications cable was cut in at least one place
UPDATE 1-Damage on tsunami-hit Tonga's main island hampering relief efforts
Significant damage was reported along the western coast of Tonga's main island on Tuesday following the weekend's massive volcanic eruption https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/impact-assessment-aid-efforts-underway-world-responds-tonga-tsunami-2022-01-16 and tsunami, but a closed airport and downed communications are hampering international relief efforts. The New Zealand High Commission reported the damage along the western coast of the main island of Tongatapu, where there are many vacation resorts, and the waterfront of the capital, Nuku'alofa.
A U.S. appeals court on Monday handed a defeat to abortion clinics by delaying a legal challenge to a Texas law banning most abortions in that state. In a 2-1 ruling https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/lbpgnjyqqvq/ca5-texasabortion2022-01-17.pdf, the New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said the Texas Supreme Court should address enforcement questions related to the law before the Texas clinics' challenge could resume. The Republican-backed law bans abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy, a time many women remain unaware they are pregnant, and is one of the country's most restrictive abortion measures.
Shoppers had an unexpected run-in with a deer inside of a dollar store in Ellsinore, Missouri, on January 16.This video filmed by Cynthia Gallagher, who told Storyful she filmed it inside a Dollar General store in Ellsinore on Sunday, shows the deer being shooed through aisles and out the door."I happened to be in the right place at the right time," Gallagher said of her surprise wildlife encounter. Credit: Cynthia E. Gallagher via Storyful
If playing catch up with Tesla is what everyone in the auto industry is about then Stellantis, the company formed from the merger of Fiat Chrysler and Peugeot, has had a good start – its shares have far outpaced its U.S. rival in its inaugural year. Fixing its business in China and overcapacity in Europe are just two areas where analysts want to see Stellantis making progress when Chief Executive Carlos Tavares unveils his detailed business plan on March 1.
Sask. minister says former political staffer is qualified for SHA leadership role
Health Minister Paul Merriman says former political staffer Raynelle Wilson was appointed to the executive of the Saskatchewan Health Authority (SHA) because she's qualified for the job. Last week, Wilson — a longtime civil servant, political staffer and former Saskatchewan Party candidate — was appointed to a newly-created role called vice president of enterprise initiatives support. According to a memo distributed to staff, it's a six-month position during which Wilson will "provide executive
WMAR- Baltimore Scripps
Evacuation after pipe burst in Harford County


text:
Download high-resolution cover
Part of Magic Tree House (R)
Illustrated by AG Ford
| $18.99 CAN
10 oz (280 g) | 12 per carton
On sale Jan 07, 2020 | 128 Pages | 978-0-525-64836-9
Age 6-9 years | Grades 1-4
See Additional Formats
The #1 bestselling Magic Tree House series is ready to whisk you away through time with Jack and Annie! This time, meet famous explorer Leif Erikson and help save a narwhal!
When the magic tree house whisks Jack and Annie to Greenland, they're not sure what time they've landed in, but they immediately know what their mission is: save a narwhal! Then they meet a young hunter named Leif Erikson and they ask for his help. But Leif has other ideas...
Track the facts with Jack and Annie in the nonfiction companion to this book: Narwhals and Other Whales.
Did you know that there's a Magic Tree House book for every kid?
Magic Tree House: Perfect for readers who are just beginning chapter books
If you're looking for Merlin Mission #33: Carnival at Candlelight, it was renumbered as part of the rebrand in 2017 as Merlin Mission #5.
AG FORD is a three-time New York Times bestselling children's book illustrator and recipient of two NAACP Image Awards. He has illustrated picture books by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Sharon Robinson, Ilyasah Shabazz, Martin Luther King III, Nick Cannon, Jonah Winter, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and many others. He lives with his family in Frisco, Texas. Visit him online at agfordillustration.com.	Learn more about and and AG Ford
AG FORD is a three-time New York Times bestselling children's book illustrator and recipient of two NAACP Image Awards. He has illustrated picture books by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Sharon Robinson, Ilyasah Shabazz, Martin Luther King III, Nick Cannon, Jonah Winter, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and many others. He lives with his family in Frisco, Texas. Visit him online at agfordillustration.com.	Learn more about and and and AG Ford
Twister on Tuesday
Shadow of the Shark
Danger in the Darkest Hour
Stallion by Starlight
China: Land of the Emperor's Great Wall
A Nonfiction Companion to Magic Tree House #14: Day of the Dragon King
Ninjas and Samurai
A Nonfiction Companion to Magic Tree House #5: Night of the Ninjas
A Perfect Time for Pandas


Who's Your kegemaran Boy Character?
When Does Jak Look The Best?
Who Is Your kegemaran Girl Character?
is tess turned into a ottsel if yes how?
Which Jak game is best?
How come this club doesn't have lebih fans?!?!
Who is hotter; Keira, Ashelin, atau Tess (before she became an ottsel)?
Does Daxter ever fart atau pass gas?
I'm really not sure if anyone would ever watch it (the peminat base of these games is a little low), but I'd Cinta to spread the word of a little webseries I've been writing.
It's a dark action-thriller set after the world of Jak and Daxter as we know it. "Eco: Aftermath".
Now, I'm not saying this is in production atau even going to be produced, but if the funding was there then we would in a heartbeat!
Story of Eco: Aftermath - After Jak and Daxter have set their courses and made the universe a much better place, war rages again.
sertai the One lebih Life Team in their third annual video game marathon as they play through the main games of the Sly Cooper and the Jak and Daxter series in an attempt to raise $500 for the Child's Play charity. Live commentary and text chat will be present along with challenges we'll be doing for viewers and a (possible) interview with the voice actor of Sly Cooper, Kevin Miller.
This is my senarai featuring my 15 least favourite enemies pawns in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 15 favourite main villains in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 15 least favourite guy hairstyles in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 15 favourite Enemies Pawns in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 15 favourite guy hairstyles in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 15 least favourite characters in Jak and Daxter..
This is my senarai featuring my 20 favourite Locations in Jak and Daxter..
Video Games Spot - sertai if you're a fan. I didn't make the spot.
Ratchet and Clank Spot - sertai if you're a fan. I didn't make the spot.
a comment was made to the poll: When Does Jak Look The Best?
who thinks they should make a new jak and daxter game??


There was an excitement in the group as the vehicles set off for the Integration Day. Everyone knew that the purpose of the day was for each participant to have some hours of silence to put together the rich experiences of the program so far. Half the group went to the nearby Brothers community in Kebbie Town in Bo. The other half went to the Brothers house in the village of Blama.
Both groups were welcomed by the resident Brothers who were careful to give the visiting Brothers the quiet space they needed. Each group had the services of a local priest for spiritual direction. Brothers took the opportunity to work at their journals, read over notes from the workshops and to pray. When it was over all enjoyed a meal prepared by the local Brothers and headed back to the Formation Centre in Bo.
The Formation House community hosting the Ndei Liwa programme consists not only of Brothers Augustine and Jojo, but also includes Jenehba the cook and Fadiru, the groundsman and caretaker. Their cheerful presence and hard work contribute enormously to the life of all.
Sunday saw Brothers heading out for Eucharist in local parishes. That evening one community prepared a tasty meal.
Fr. Paul Turay SDB, with the support of his brother – Bro. Victor SBD – talked us through Conflict Management/Resolution for one and a half days. They were both very practical in their approach, using their lived experiences to convey their message. The sessions were quite interactive and the brothers were fully involved in their respective group activities. The workshop ended in a Eucharist with some lively local music led by the participant Brothers choir.
As Tuesday was the feast of Eid Al Adha and a national holiday in Sierra Leone we had a half day. That evening we bad farewell to David who was to return to Nairobi the next morning. He made a great contribution to the programme.


Barbayannis Lawyers is a boutique Law Firm in suburban Melbourne, Australia, practising in all aspects of Family and De Facto relationship law, Wills, Probate and Deceased Estates litigation. We have an experienced and dedicated team of 8 lawyers who are accessible, understanding and responsive and strive to achieve the most strategic and advantageous outcomes for our clients. We pride ourselves in offering quality services aimed at assisting our clients to resolve their matter in the best possible way with the least amount of stress and cost involved.
Our firm is headed by one of Melbourne's leading Specialist Family Law lawyers, Maria Barbayannis. Maria, with over 35 years experience in the law, is an expert in the field of Family and DeFacto Relationship Law and a lawyer who is well respected for her extensive knowledge, empathetic rapport with clients and her pragmatic and common-sense approach to her work.
Barbayannis Lawyers has a dedicated team of lawyers who all work in a team environment, where knowledge and experience is shared and staff are mentored.
We pride ourselves in providing our clients with sensible advice, tailored to their specific needs, and sensitive to the emotional upheaval that can often occur in legal proceedings. No two matters are the same and each case is treated with individual care and priority.
Barbayannis Lawyers operates efficiently with a view to facilitating a speedy and favourable resolution of each dispute, in the most cost effective and advantageous manner possible. We do our utmost to resolve a matter out of Court, amicably and sensibly, and only resort to Court proceedings as a final option. If this happens, you can be assured that all avenues of reasonable and acceptable compromise and settlement outside of the Court system were exhausted, and that we will proceed in the most expert and professional manner to put your case before the Court system.
In cases where litigation is not possible to avoid, Barbayannis Lawyers is highly experienced in preparing cases for trial and conducting all aspects of litigated matters. We work with a selection of highly competent and specialised members of Counsel to achieve the best possible outcomes for our clients.
Barbayannis Lawyers, uncharacteristic for many specialist firms, is committed to public service in the form of undertaking Legal Aid matters and we have a number of lawyers who deal exclusively with Legal Aid matters. Additionally, we undertake a number of pro bono cases which involve serious and important legal issues which require representation.
We offer a free half hour first consultation to assess your matter and to provide you with preliminary initial advice.


Background The Root model of normal and abnormal foot function remains the basis for clinical foot orthotic practice globally. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between foot deformities and kinematic compensations that are the foundations of the model. Methods A convenience sample of 140 were screened and 100 symptom free participants aged 18-45 years were invited to participate. The static biomechanical assessment described by the Root model was used to identify five foot deformities. A 6 segment foot model was used to measure foot kinematics during gait. Statistical tests compared foot kinematics between feet with and without foot deformities and correlated the degree of deformity with any compensatory motions. Results None of the deformities proposed by the Root model were associated with distinct differences in foot kinematics during gait when compared to those without deformities or each other. Static and dynamic parameters were not correlated. Conclusions Taken as part of a wider body of evidence, the results of this study have profound implications for clinical foot health practice. We believe that the assessment protocol advocated by the Root model is no longer a suitable basis for professional practice. We recommend that clinicians stop using sub-talar neutral position during clinical assessments and stop assessing the non-weight bearing range of ankle dorsiflexion, first ray position and forefoot alignments and movement as a means of defining the associated foot deformities. The results question the relevance of the Root assessments in the prescription of foot orthoses.


text:
namespace net {

using test::IsOk;

namespace test {

namespace {

const char kResponseBody[] = "some arbitrary response body";

// Factory for creating HttpTransactions, used by TestTransactionConsumer.
class TestTransactionFactory : public HttpTransactionFactory {
 public:
  explicit TestTransactionFactory(
      const HttpNetworkSessionParams& session_params,
      const HttpNetworkSessionContext& session_context)
      : session_(std::make_unique<HttpNetworkSession>(session_params,
                                                      session_context)) {}

  ~TestTransactionFactory() override {}

  // HttpTransactionFactory methods
  int CreateTransaction(RequestPriority priority,
                        std::unique_ptr<HttpTransaction>* trans) override {
    *trans = std::make_unique<HttpNetworkTransaction>(priority, session_.get());
    return OK;
  }

  HttpCache* GetCache() override { return nullptr; }

  HttpNetworkSession* GetSession() override { return session_.get(); }

 private:
  std::unique_ptr<HttpNetworkSession> session_;
};

}  // namespace

class QuicEndToEndTest : public ::testing::Test, public WithTaskEnvironment {
 protected:
  QuicEndToEndTest()
      : host_resolver_impl_(CreateResolverImpl()),
        host_resolver_(std::move(host_resolver_impl_)),
        ssl_config_service_(new SSLConfigServiceDefaults),
        proxy_resolution_service_(
            ConfiguredProxyResolutionService::CreateDirect()),
        auth_handler_factory_(HttpAuthHandlerFactory::CreateDefault()),
        strike_register_no_startup_period_(false) {
    request_.method = "GET";
    request_.url = GURL("https://test.example.com/");
    request_.load_flags = 0;
    request_.traffic_annotation =
        net::MutableNetworkTrafficAnnotationTag(TRAFFIC_ANNOTATION_FOR_TESTS);

    session_params_.enable_quic = true;

    session_context_.quic_context = &quic_context_;
    session_context_.host_resolver = &host_resolver_;
    session_context_.cert_verifier = &cert_verifier_;
    session_context_.transport_security_state = &transport_security_state_;
    session_context_.ct_policy_enforcer = &ct_policy_enforcer_;
    session_context_.proxy_resolution_service = proxy_resolution_service_.get();
    session_context_.ssl_config_service = ssl_config_service_.get();
    session_context_.http_auth_handler_factory = auth_handler_factory_.get();
    session_context_.http_server_properties = &http_server_properties_;

    CertVerifyResult verify_result;
    verify_result.verified_cert =
        ImportCertFromFile(GetTestCertsDirectory(), "quic-chain.pem");
    cert_verifier_.AddResultForCertAndHost(verify_result.verified_cert.get(),
                                           "test.example.com", verify_result,
                                           OK);
  }

  // Creates a mock host resolver in which test.example.com
  // resolves to localhost.
  static MockHostResolver* CreateResolverImpl() {
    MockHostResolver* resolver = new MockHostResolver();
    resolver->rules()->AddRule("test.example.com", "127.0.0.1");
    return resolver;
  }

  void SetUp() override {
    StartServer();

    // Use a mapped host resolver so that request for test.example.com (port 80)
    // reach the server running on localhost.
    std::string map_rule =
        "MAP test.example.com test.example.com:" +
        base::NumberToString(server_->server_address().port());
    EXPECT_TRUE(host_resolver_.AddRuleFromString(map_rule));

    // To simplify the test, and avoid the race with the HTTP request, we force
    // QUIC for these requests.
    quic_context_.params()->origins_to_force_quic_on.insert(
        HostPortPair::FromString("test.example.com:443"));

    transaction_factory_ = std::make_unique<TestTransactionFactory>(
        session_params_, session_context_);
  }

  void TearDown() override {}

  // Starts the QUIC server listening on a random port.
  void StartServer() {
    server_address_ = IPEndPoint(IPAddress(127, 0, 0, 1), 0);
    server_config_.SetInitialStreamFlowControlWindowToSend(
        quic::test::kInitialStreamFlowControlWindowForTest);
    server_config_.SetInitialSessionFlowControlWindowToSend(
        quic::test::kInitialSessionFlowControlWindowForTest);
    server_ = std::make_unique<QuicSimpleServer>(
        quic::test::crypto_test_utils::ProofSourceForTesting(), server_config_,
        server_config_options_, quic::AllSupportedVersions(),
        &memory_cache_backend_);
    server_->Listen(server_address_);
    server_address_ = server_->server_address();
    server_->StartReading();
    server_started_ = true;
  }

  // Adds an entry to the cache used by the QUIC server to serve
  // responses.
  void AddToCache(absl::string_view path,
                  int response_code,
                  absl::string_view response_detail,
                  absl::string_view body) {
    memory_cache_backend_.AddSimpleResponse("test.example.com", path,
                                            response_code, body);
  }

  // Populates |request_body_| with |length_| ASCII bytes.
  void GenerateBody(size_t length) {
    request_body_.clear();
    request_body_.reserve(length);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
      request_body_.append(1, static_cast<char>(32 + i % (126 - 32)));
    }
  }

  // Initializes |request_| for a post of |length| bytes.
  void InitializePostRequest(size_t length) {
    GenerateBody(length);
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<UploadElementReader>> element_readers;
    element_readers.push_back(std::make_unique<UploadBytesElementReader>(
        request_body_.data(), request_body_.length()));
    upload_data_stream_ = std::make_unique<ElementsUploadDataStream>(
        std::move(element_readers), 0);
    request_.method = "POST";
    request_.url = GURL("https://test.example.com/");
    request_.upload_data_stream = upload_data_stream_.get();
    ASSERT_THAT(request_.upload_data_stream->Init(CompletionOnceCallback(),
                                                  NetLogWithSource()),
                IsOk());
  }

  // Checks that |consumer| completed and received |status_line| and |body|.
  void CheckResponse(const TestTransactionConsumer& consumer,
                     const std::string& status_line,
                     const std::string& body) {
    ASSERT_TRUE(consumer.is_done());
    ASSERT_THAT(consumer.error(), IsOk());
    EXPECT_EQ(status_line, consumer.response_info()->headers->GetStatusLine());
    EXPECT_EQ(body, consumer.content());
  }

  QuicContext quic_context_;
  std::unique_ptr<MockHostResolver> host_resolver_impl_;
  MappedHostResolver host_resolver_;
  MockCertVerifier cert_verifier_;
  TransportSecurityState transport_security_state_;
  DefaultCTPolicyEnforcer ct_policy_enforcer_;
  std::unique_ptr<SSLConfigServiceDefaults> ssl_config_service_;
  std::unique_ptr<ProxyResolutionService> proxy_resolution_service_;
  std::unique_ptr<HttpAuthHandlerFactory> auth_handler_factory_;
  HttpServerProperties http_server_properties_;
  HttpNetworkSessionParams session_params_;
  HttpNetworkSessionContext session_context_;
  std::unique_ptr<TestTransactionFactory> transaction_factory_;
  HttpRequestInfo request_;
  std::string request_body_;
  std::unique_ptr<UploadDataStream> upload_data_stream_;
  std::unique_ptr<QuicSimpleServer> server_;
  quic::QuicMemoryCacheBackend memory_cache_backend_;
  IPEndPoint server_address_;
  std::string server_hostname_;
  quic::QuicConfig server_config_;
  quic::QuicCryptoServerConfig::ConfigOptions server_config_options_;
  bool server_started_;
  bool strike_register_no_startup_period_;
};

TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, LargeGetWithNoPacketLoss) {
  std::string response(10 * 1024, 'x');

  AddToCache(request_.url.PathForRequest(), 200, "OK", response);

  TestTransactionConsumer consumer(DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
                                   transaction_factory_.get());
  consumer.Start(&request_, NetLogWithSource());

  // Will terminate when the last consumer completes.
  base::RunLoop().Run();

  CheckResponse(consumer, "HTTP/1.1 200", response);
}

// crbug.com/559173
#if defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, DISABLED_LargePostWithNoPacketLoss) {
#else
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, LargePostWithNoPacketLoss) {
#endif
  InitializePostRequest(1024 * 1024);

  AddToCache(request_.url.PathForRequest(), 200, "OK", kResponseBody);

  TestTransactionConsumer consumer(DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
                                   transaction_factory_.get());
  consumer.Start(&request_, NetLogWithSource());

  // Will terminate when the last consumer completes.
  base::RunLoop().Run();

  CheckResponse(consumer, "HTTP/1.1 200", kResponseBody);
}

// crbug.com/559173
#if defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, DISABLED_LargePostWithPacketLoss) {
#else
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, LargePostWithPacketLoss) {
#endif
  // FLAGS_fake_packet_loss_percentage = 30;
  InitializePostRequest(1024 * 1024);

  AddToCache(request_.url.PathForRequest(), 200, "OK", kResponseBody);

  TestTransactionConsumer consumer(DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
                                   transaction_factory_.get());
  consumer.Start(&request_, NetLogWithSource());

  // Will terminate when the last consumer completes.
  base::RunLoop().Run();

  CheckResponse(consumer, "HTTP/1.1 200", kResponseBody);
}

// crbug.com/536845
#if defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, DISABLED_UberTest) {
#else
TEST_F(QuicEndToEndTest, UberTest) {
#endif
  // FLAGS_fake_packet_loss_percentage = 30;

  AddToCache(request_.url.PathForRequest(), 200, "OK", kResponseBody);

  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TestTransactionConsumer>> consumers;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
    TestTransactionConsumer* consumer = new TestTransactionConsumer(
        DEFAULT_PRIORITY, transaction_factory_.get());
    consumers.push_back(base::WrapUnique(consumer));
    consumer->Start(&request_, NetLogWithSource());
  }

  // Will terminate when the last consumer completes.
  base::RunLoop().Run();

  for (const auto& consumer : consumers)
    CheckResponse(*consumer.get(), "HTTP/1.1 200", kResponseBody);
}

}  // namespace test
}  // namespace net

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


11:30 am - 3:30 pm.
Join in on the fun on Saturday, May 25th! Memorial Day weekend event hosted by the Smith Island Cultural Center, celebrates the work of regional artists and the cultural heritage of Smith Island.
Costs associated with this event: $3.00 per person admission to the Cultural Center, Round trip ferry tickets aproximatly $26.00 per person, Missallenious costs for food, Tours, and vendor's wares, etc..