SCHERING CORPORATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GENEVA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. and Novartis Corporation, and Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., and Andrx Corporation, Andrx Pharmaceuticals LLC, and Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Wyeth, ESI-Lederle, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and Wyeth Consumer Healthcare (formerly American Home Products Corporation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Whitehall Robbins Healthcare), and Impax Laboratories, Inc., Apotex, Inc. and Novex Pharma, Copley Pharmaceutical, Inc., and Genpharm, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
Nos. 02-1540, 02-1541, 02-1542, 02-1543, 02-1544, 02-1545, 02-1546, 02-1547, 02-1548, 02-1549, 03-1021, 03-1022, 03-1023, 03-1025, 03-1027.
Before RADER, Circuit Judge, PLAGER, Senior Circuit Judge, and BRYSON, Circuit Judge. Robert G. Krupka,Kirkland & Ellis, of Los Angeles CA, argued for plaintiff-appellant. Of counsel on the brief were David P. Swenson, Kirkland & Ellis, of Washington, DC; John M. Desmarais, Sandra A. Bresnick, Peter J. Armenio, Maxine Y. Graham, Monica V. Bhattacharyya, and Young J. Park, Kirkland & Ellis, of New York, NY. Of counsel were John F. Hoffman and Arthur Mann, Schering Corporation, of Kenilworth, NJ. Robert D. Bajefsky, Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, L.L.P., of Washington, DC, argued for defendants-appellees Wyeth, ESI-Lederle, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth Consumer Healthcare (formerly American Home Products Corporation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Whitehall Robbins Healthcare). With him on the brief were Barbara R. Rudolph and Matthew J. Mason. Of counsel on the brief were David A. Manspeizer and Lawrence Alaburda, Wyeth, of Madison, NJ. On the brief was Julie A. Petruzzelli, Venable, Baetjer, Howard, & Civiletti, LLP, of Washington, DC, for defendant-appellee Impax Laboratories, Inc. Of counsel were Peter J. Curtin and James E. Gray. Also on the brief were Edgar H. Haug, Daniel G. Brown, and Porter F. Fleming, Frommer Lawrence & Haug LLP, of New York, NY; for defendant-appellee Genpharm Inc.; Colin A. Underwood, Soloman, Zauderer, Ellenhorn, Frischer & Sharp, of New York, NY, for defendants-appellees Andrx Corporation, Andrx Pharmaceuticals LLC, and Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; E. Anthony Figg, Joseph A. Hynds, Rothwell, Figg, Ernst & Manbeck, of Washington, DC, for defendant-appellee Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Robert S. Silver and William J. Castillo, Caesar, Rivise, Bernstein, Cohen & Pokotilow, Ltd., of Philadelphia, PA, for defendants-appellees Apotex, Inc. and Novex Pharma. Thomas L. Creel, Goodwin Procter, LLP, of New York, NY, for defendants-appellees Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Copely Pharmaceutical, Inc. With him on the brief were Frederick H. Rein and Keith A. Zullow. Douglass C. Hochstetler, Schiff, Hardin & Waite, of Chicago, IL, argued for defendants-appellees Geneva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Novartis Corporation. With him on the brief were Patricia J. Thompson and Jo-Anne M. Kokoski. Of counsel on the brief was Kevin M. Flowers, Ph.D., Marshall Gerstein & Borun, of Chicago, IL.
On summary judgment, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey determined that claims 1 and 3 of U.S. Patent No. 4,659,716 (the ′716 patent) are invalid. Schering Corp. v. Geneva Pharm., Inc., No. 98-1259, 2002 WL 2001552 (D.N.J. Aug.8, 2002). Because the district court correctly found that U.S. Patent No. 4,282,233 (the ′233 patent) inherently anticipates claims 1 and 3 of the ′716 patent, this court affirms.
Schering Corporation (Schering) owns the ′233 and ′716 patents on antihistamines. Antihistamines inhibit the histamines that cause allergic symptoms.
The prior art ′233 patent covers the antihistamine loratadine, the active component of a pharmaceutical that Schering markets as CLARITIN™. Unlike conventional antihistamines when CLARITIN™ was launched, loratadine does not cause drowsiness.
The more recent ′716 patent at issue in this case covers a metabolite of loratadine called descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL). A metabolite is the compound formed in the patient's body upon ingestion of a pharmaceutical. The ingested pharmaceutical undergoes a chemical conversion in the digestion process to form a new metabolite compound. The metabolite DCL is also a non-drowsy antihistamine. The ′716 patent issued in April 1987 and will expire in April 2004 (the ′233 patent issued in 1981 and has since expired). See 35 U.S.C. § 154(c)(1) (2000) (defining the term of a patent in force before June 8, 1995, as the greater of twenty years from the earliest U.S. priority date or seventeen years from grant).
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X represents Cl or F.
The ′233 patent issued on August 4, 1981, over one year before the earliest priority date of the ′716 patent, February 15, 1984. The ′233 patent is thus prior art to the ′716 patent. See 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) (2000) ("A person shall be entitled to a patent unless ․ the invention was patented ․ in this or a foreign country ․ more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent in the United States."). The ′233 patent discloses a class of compounds including loratadine (disclosed in Example 1B). ′233 patent, col. 3, ll. 5-12. The ′233 patent claims loratadine in claim 7. Id., col. 6, ll. 38-40. The ′233 patent claims four other compounds in claims 8-11. Examples 6-7 are prophetic 1 examples of pharmaceutical compositions (a syrup and a tablet), each containing an unidentified "active compound." The ′233 patent does not expressly disclose DCL and does not refer to metabolites of loratadine.
The numerous defendants-appellees sought to market generic versions of loratadine once the ′233 patent expired. Seeking regulatory approval, each appellee submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). See 21 U.S.C. § 355(b), (j) (2000). Because Schering included the ′ 716 patent in the Orange Book listing for loratadine, the applications also contained a certification that the ′716 patent was invalid. See id. § 355(b)(2)(A), 355(j)(2)(A)(vii). The appellees notified Schering of the FDA filings. See id. § 355(b)(3)(B), 355(j)(2)(B)(ii).
After receiving notice of the FDA filings, Schering filed suit for infringement. See 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(2)(A) (2000). After discovery, the parties filed cross motions for summary judgment on the validity issue. The district court construed claims 1 and 3 of the ′716 patent to cover DCL in all its forms, including "metabolized within the human body" and "synthetically produced in a purified and isolated form." The parties agreed to that construction. Applying that claim construction, the district court found that the ′233 patent did not expressly disclose DCL. Nonetheless, the district court also found that DCL was necessarily formed as a metabolite by carrying out the process disclosed in the ′233 patent. The district court concluded that the ′233 patent anticipated claims 1 and 3 of the ′716 patent under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b). The district court therefore granted the appellees' motions for summary judgment of invalidity. Schering timely appealed to this court under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1) (2000).
This court reviews a grant of summary judgment without deference. Telemac Cellular Corp. v. Topp Telecom, Inc., 247 F.3d 1316, 1323 (Fed.Cir.2001). In reviewing a summary judgment determination, this court draws all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-movant. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).
A patent is invalid for anticipation if a single prior art reference discloses each and every limitation of the claimed invention. Lewmar Marine, Inc. v. Barient, Inc., 827 F.2d 744, 747 (Fed.Cir.1987). Moreover, a prior art reference may anticipate without disclosing a feature of the claimed invention if that missing characteristic is necessarily present, or inherent, in the single anticipating reference. Continental Can Co. v. Monsanto Co., 948 F.2d 1264, 1268 (Fed.Cir.1991).
At the outset, this court rejects the contention that inherent anticipation requires recognition in the prior art. Schering relies on Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research, 304 F.3d 1221 (Fed.Cir.2002) for that proposition. This court has since vacated Elan. See 304 F.3d 1221 (Fed.Cir.2002). Other precedents of this court have held that inherent anticipation does not require that a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time would have recognized the inherent disclosure. E.g., In re Cruciferous Sprout Litig., 301 F.3d 1343, 1351 (Fed.Cir.2002); MEHL/Biophile Int'l Corp. v. Milgraum, 192 F.3d 1362, 1366 (Fed.Cir.1999) ( "Where ․ the result is a necessary consequence of what was deliberately intended, it is of no import that the article's authors did not appreciate the results."); Atlas Powder, 190 F.3d at 1348-49 ("Because 'sufficient aeration' was inherent in the prior art, it is irrelevant that the prior art did not recognize the key aspect of [the] invention․ An inherent structure, composition, or function is not necessarily known."). Thus, recognition by a person of ordinary skill in the art before the critical date of the ′716 patent is not required to show anticipation by inherency. The district court therefore did not err in allowing for later recognition of the inherent characteristics of the prior art ′233 patent.
Contrary to Schering's contention, Continental Can does not stand for the proposition that an inherent feature of a prior art reference must be perceived as such by a person of ordinary skill in the art before the critical date. In Continental Can, this court vacated summary judgment of anticipation of claims reciting a plastic bottle with hollow ribs over a prior art reference disclosing a plastic bottle. The record contained conflicting expert testimony about whether the ribs of the prior art plastic bottle were solid. The accused infringer's expert testified that the prior art plastic bottle was made by blow molding, a process that would inherently produce hollow ribs. The patentee's experts testified that the prior art plastic bottle had solid ribs. The patentee disputed whether the blow molding inherently produced hollow ribs. Given the disputed material fact, this court vacated the summary judgment as improper. Continental Can, 948 F.2d at 1269. Continental Can makes no reference to whether the inherent feature, hollow ribs, was recognized before or after the critical date of the patent at issue. Read in context, Continental Can stands for the proposition that inherency, like anticipation itself, requires a determination of the meaning of the prior art. Thus, a court may consult artisans of ordinary skill to ascertain their understanding about subject matter disclosed by the prior art, including features inherent in the prior art. A court may resolve factual questions about the subject matter in the prior art by examining the reference through the eyes of a person of ordinary skill in the art, among other sources of evidence about the meaning of the prior art. Thus, in Continental Can, this court did not require past recognition of the inherent feature, but only allowed recourse to opinions of skilled artisans to determine the scope of the prior art reference.
Cases dealing with "accidental, unwitting, and unappreciated" anticipation also do not show that inherency requires recognition. See Eibel Process Co. v. Minn. & Ontario Paper Co., 261 U.S. 45, 43 S.Ct. 322, 67 L.Ed. 523 (1923); Tilghman v. Proctor, 102 U.S. 707, 26 L.Ed. 279 (1880). In contrast to the present case, the record in Eibel and Tilghman did not show that the prior art produced the claimed subject matter. The patent at issue in Tilghman claimed a method of forming free fatty acids and glycerine by heating fats with water at high pressure. In Tilghman, the record did not show conclusively that the claimed process occurred in the prior art. In reviewing the prior art, the Court referred hypothetically to possible disclosure of the claimed process. For example, the Court stated "[w]e do not regard the accidental formation of fat acid in Perkins's steam cylinder ․ (if the scum which rose on the water issuing from the ejection pipe was fat acid) as of any consequence in this inquiry." Tilghman, 102 U.S. at 711. In Eibel, the Court found no evidence of the claimed subject matter in the prior art. Eibel, 261 U.S. at 66, 43 S.Ct. 322 ("[W]e find no evidence that any pitch of the wire ․ had brought about such a result ․ and ․ if it had done so under unusual conditions, accidental results, not intended and not appreciated, do not constitute anticipation.").
Applying an inherency principle in the context of an on sale bar under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b), this court has distinguished Eibel and Tilghman. See Abbott Labs. v. Geneva Pharms., Inc., 182 F.3d 1315, 1319 (Fed.Cir.1999) ("If a product that is offered for sale inherently possesses each of the limitations of the claims, then the invention is on sale, whether or not the parties to the transaction recognize that the product possesses the claimed characteristics."); Scaltech, Inc. v. Retec/Tetra, LLC, 269 F.3d 1321, 1330 (Fed.Cir.2001) ("[A]ppreciation of the invention is not a requirement to trigger the statutory [on sale] bar."). In those cases, the product sold or offered for sale had an inherent, but unrecognized, feature that was a limitation of the asserted claims. Id. Thus, this court has distinguished Eibel and Tilghman, which therefore do not bind this court to find no anticipation because skilled artisans did not recognize that the prior art ′233 patent inherently produced the claimed invention, DCL.
In the context of accidental anticipation, DCL is not formed accidentally or under unusual conditions when loratadine is ingested. The record shows that DCL necessarily and inevitably forms from loratadine under normal conditions. DCL is a necessary consequence of administering loratadine to patients. The record also shows that DCL provides a useful result, because it serves as an active non-drowsy antihistamine. In sum, this court's precedent does not require a skilled artisan to recognize the inherent characteristic in the prior art that anticipates the claimed invention.
This court recognizes that this may be a case of first impression, because the prior art supplies no express description of any part of the claimed subject matter. The prior art ′233 patent does not disclose any compound that is identifiable as DCL. In this court's prior inherency cases, a single prior art reference generally contained an incomplete description of the anticipatory subject matter, i.e., a partial description missing certain aspects. Inherency supplied the missing aspect of the description. Upon proof that the missing description is inherent in the prior art, that single prior art reference placed the claimed subject matter in the public domain. This case does not present the issue of a missing feature of the claimed invention. Rather, the new structure in this case, DCL, is not described by the prior ′233 patent.
Patent law nonetheless establishes that a prior art reference which expressly or inherently contains each and every limitation of the claimed subject matter anticipates and invalidates. See, e.g., EMI Group N. Am., Inc., v. Cypress Semiconductor Corp., 268 F.3d 1342, 1350 (Fed.Cir.2001) ("A prior art reference anticipates a patent claim if the reference discloses, either expressly or inherently, all of the limitations of the claim."); Verdegaal Bros., Inc. v. Union Oil Co. of Cal., 814 F.2d 628, 631 (Fed.Cir.1987) ("A claim is anticipated only if each and every element as set forth in the claim is found, either expressly or inherently described, in a single prior art reference."). In these prior cases, however, inherency was only necessary to supply a single missing limitation that was not expressly disclosed in the prior art. This case, as explained before, asks this court to find anticipation when the entire structure of the claimed subject matter is inherent in the prior art.
Because inherency places subject matter in the public domain as well as an express disclosure, the inherent disclosure of the entire claimed subject matter anticipates as well as inherent disclosure of a single feature of the claimed subject matter. The extent of the inherent disclosure does not limit its anticipatory effect. In general, a limitation or the entire invention is inherent and in the public domain if it is the "natural result flowing from" the explicit disclosure of the prior art. See Eli Lilly & Co. v. Barr Labs., Inc., 251 F.3d 955, 970 (Fed.Cir.2001); see also In re Kratz, 592 F.2d 1169, 1174 (CCPA 1979) (suggesting inherent anticipation of a compound even though the compound's existence was not known).
In reaching this conclusion, this court is aware of In re Seaborg, 51 C.C.P.A. 1109, 328 F.2d 996 (CCPA 1964). In that case, this court's predecessor considered claims drawn to an isotope of americium made by nuclear reaction in light of a prior art patent disclosing a similar nuclear reaction process but with no disclosure of the claimed isotope. The court reversed a United States Patent and Trademark Office rejection of the claims for lack of novelty. This court's predecessor found that the prior art process did not anticipate the claims because the process would have produced at most one billionth of a gram of the isotope in forty tons of radioactive material, i.e., the isotope would have been undetectable. Id. at 998-99 ("[T]he claimed product, if it was produced in the Fermi process, was produced in such minuscule amounts and under such conditions that its presence was undetectable."). In this case, DCL forms in readily detectable amounts as shown by the extensive record evidence of testing done on humans to verify the formation of DCL upon ingestion of loratadine.
This court sees no reason to modify the general rule for inherent anticipation in a case where inherency supplies the entire anticipatory subject matter. The patent law principle "that which would literally infringe if later in time anticipates if earlier," Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Ben Venue Labs., Inc., 246 F.3d 1368, 1378 (Fed.Cir.2001), bolsters this conclusion. Similarly, "if granting patent protection on the disputed claim would allow the patentee to exclude the public from practicing the prior art, then that claim is anticipated." Atlas Powder, 190 F.3d at 1346. "The public remains free to make, use, or sell prior art compositions or processes, regardless of whether or not they understand their complete makeup or the underlying scientific principles which allow them to operate. The doctrine of anticipation by inherency, among other doctrines, enforces that basic principle." Id. at 1348. Thus, inherency operates to anticipate entire inventions as well as single limitations within an invention.
Turning to this case, the use of loratadine would infringe claims 1 and 3 of the ′716 patent covering the metabolite DCL. This court has recognized that a person may infringe a claim to a metabolite if the person ingests a compound that metabolizes to form the metabolite. See Hoechst-Roussel Pharms., Inc. v. Lehman, 109 F.3d 756, 759 (Fed.Cir.1997) ("[T]he right to exclude may arise from the fact that when administered, [the accused product] metabolizes into another product ․ which Hoechst has claimed."); see also Zenith Labs., Inc. v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 19 F.3d 1418, 1421-22 (Fed.Cir.1994) (stating that a compound claim could cover a compound formed upon ingestion). An identical metabolite must then anticipate if earlier in time than the claimed compound.
The record shows that the metabolite of the prior art loratadine is the same compound as the claimed invention. Claims 1 and 3 are compound claims in which individual compounds are claimed in the alternative in Markush format. DCL is within the scope of claims 1 and 3. Because the prior art metabolite inherently disclosed DCL, claims 1 and 3 are anticipated and invalid. In other words, the record shows that a patient ingesting loratadine would necessarily metabolize that compound to DCL. That later act would thus infringe claims 1 and 3. Thus, a prior art reference showing administration of loratadine to a patient anticipates claims 1 and 3.
This court next examines whether Schering's secret tests of loratadine before the critical date placed DCL in the public domain. Before the critical date, Schering only tested loratadine in secret. Thus, according to Schering, "DCL was not publicly used, or described in any printed publication, until after February 15, 1983, the critical date for the ′716 patent under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b)." Schering thus argues that DCL did not "exist" in the public domain such that DCL could be prior art against the ′716 patent.
Anticipation does not require the actual creation or reduction to practice of the prior art subject matter; anticipation requires only an enabling disclosure. In re Donohue, 766 F.2d 531, 533 (Fed.Cir.1985). Thus, actual administration of loratadine to patients before the critical date of the ′716 patent is irrelevant. The ′233 patent suffices as an anticipatory prior art reference if it discloses in an enabling manner the administration of loratadine to patients.
Thus, this court examines whether the ′233 patent contains an enabling disclosure of DCL. A reference may enable one of skill in the art to make and use a compound even if the author or inventor did not actually make or reduce to practice that subject matter. Bristol-Myers, 246 F.3d at 1379; see also In re Donohue, 766 F.2d at 533 (sustaining an anticipation rejection over a reference disclosing a compound and other references disclosing sufficient information to make that compound). Indeed, information arising after the critical date may show that the claimed subject matter, as disclosed in a prior art reference, "was in the public's possession." Bristol-Myers, 246 F.3d at 1379 (citing In re Donohue, 766 F.2d at 534).
An anticipatory reference need only enable subject matter that falls within the scope of the claims at issue, nothing more. To qualify as an enabled reference, the ′233 patent need not describe how to make DCL in its isolated form. The ′233 patent need only describe how to make DCL in any form encompassed by a compound claim covering DCL, e.g., DCL as a metabolite in a patient's body. The ′233 patent discloses administering loratadine to a patient. A person of ordinary skill in the art could practice the ′233 patent without undue experimentation. The inherent result of administering loratadine to a patient is the formation of DCL. The ′233 patent thus provides an enabling disclosure for making DCL.
Finally, this court's conclusion on inherent anticipation in this case does not preclude patent protection for metabolites of known drugs. With proper claiming, patent protection is available for metabolites of known drugs. Cf. In re Kratz, 592 F.2d 1169, 1174 (CCPA 1979) (stating that a naturally occurring strawberry constituent compound does not anticipate claims to the substantially pure compound); In re Bergstrom, 57 C.C.P.A. 1240, 427 F.2d 1394, 1401-02 (CCPA 1970) (stating that a material occurring in nature in less pure form does not anticipate claims to the pure material).
But those metabolites may not receive protection via compound claims. In this case, for instance, claims 1 and 3 broadly encompass compounds defined by structure only. Such bare compound claims include within their scope the recited compounds as chemical species in any surroundings, including within the human body as metabolites of a drug. As this case holds, these broad compound claims are inherently anticipated by a prior art disclosure of a drug that metabolizes into the claimed compound.
A skilled patent drafter, however, might fashion a claim to cover the metabolite in a way that avoids anticipation. For example, the metabolite may be claimed in its pure and isolated form, as in Kratz and Bergstrom, or as a pharmaceutical composition (e.g., with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier). The patent drafter could also claim a method of administering the metabolite or the corresponding pharmaceutical composition. The ′233 patent would not provide an enabling disclosure to anticipate such claims because, for instance, the ′233 patent does not disclose isolation of DCL.
The ′716 patent contains claims 5-13 covering pharmaceutical compositions and claims 14-16 covering methods of treating allergic reactions by administering compounds that include DCL. These claims were not found anticipated by the ′233 patent.
The district court found that "there is no genuine issue that the consumption of loratadine by humans, with a wide variety of health statuses, necessarily results in the natural production in the human body of the DCL metabolite." This court must also examine the record for any genuine issue of material fact about whether ingestion of loratadine necessarily produces DCL. The record does, for instance, contain expert testimony, including a proposed metabolic scheme and animal data, that questions whether ingestion of loratadine always forms DCL.
A dispute about a material fact is genuine "if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). In this case, the evidence supporting the district court's conclusion is extensive. In thirteen clinical studies that Schering ran before May 1, 1987, all 144 patients involved had measurable amounts of DCL in their systems after ingesting loratadine. The district court found "no reports in any of the studies of any individual who did not metabolically produce DCL following the administration of loratadine." The appellees reported twenty-one clinical studies in which loratadine was administered to a total of 864 patients, all of whom formed measurable amounts of DCL in their systems. In addition, the record shows that since 1985 Schering's technical articles and Securities and Exchange Commission filings referred to DCL as the metabolite of loratadine. Also the Food and Drug Administration, the corresponding European agency, the Physician's Desk Reference, and Schering's CLARITIN package insert referred to DCL as the major metabolite of loratadine.
The record presents no data on humans to show that a genuine factual dispute exists about the formation of DCL after ingesting loratadine. Indeed Schering's own expert testified that no human has been found that does not metabolize loratadine to DCL, and that "[t]here is no scientific data in the published literature that says that DCL is not formed from loratadine in humans." Based on this record, no reasonable jury could find that DCL is not produced when a human ingests loratadine. This court therefore discerns no genuine issue of material fact.
The district court did not err in finding that the ′233 patent discloses administering loratadine to a patient, and that DCL forms as a natural result of that administration. The district court correctly concluded that DCL is inherent in the prior art. Without any genuine issues of material fact, the district court correctly granted summary judgment that claims 1 and 3 are invalid as anticipated by the ′233 patent.
1. Prophetic examples are set forth in the present tense to indicate that they were not carried out. Atlas Powder Co. v. E.I. du Pont De Nemours & Co., 750 F.2d 1569, 1578 (Fed.Cir.1984).


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text:
Detecting Customer Vulnerability with Open Banking
by team / Wednesday 10 April 2019 / Published in Ageing, Blog, Fintech, Fintech company, Innovation, Profile, Start-ups
Half of UK adults show signs of financial vulnerability and lost £1.2 billon to fraud and scams in 2018. Health factors and life events contribute to financial vulnerability and can increase the likelihood that a scamming attempt will be successful. We spoke to Dr Dexter Penn, CEO of Kalgera about how he was driven to do something about that challenge.
Tell us a bit about Kalgera and what inspired the development of the product?
Kalgera is a financial safeguarding app that provides secure and holistic financial safeguarding to help people concerned about their older parents.
Through my work as a Researcher at the UCL Dementia Research Centre, I was compelled to provide better safeguards when a patient fell victim to scams and lost the money to fund his place in a care home.
Kalgera applies cognitive neuroscience and machine learning to detect subtle changes in financial behaviour associated with vulnerability. In addition to personalised alerts, users can also nominate trusted family and friends to help them take more proactive action without compromising their account details and without the ability to move money.
What do you see as some of the key benefits of what Kalgera is offering?
User pains addressed
Unrecognised financial vulnerability
Poor access to information to make decisions or give support
Concern about scam risk
A key component of health is cognition, however, ageing can negatively impact one's ability to understand and manage finances. Manifestations of poor financial management include; disorganisation, late bill payments, recurrent unauthorised overdrafts, impulsive purchases especially online and falling victim to scams.
Unfortunately, financial vulnerability is often recognised too late and this leaves those affected and their caregivers. For example, older people suffer millions of pounds to unrecognised financial losses as a result of impaired ability to manage their finances.
End-user benefits
Customer savings – The average scam costs an older person £50, however, in 20% of cases these losses reach £5,000 per scam. Kalgera will prevent vulnerable people from becoming chronic scam victims which will limit the resultant financial losses. Kalgera will also empower vulnerable people with easy to understand information on their spending to help them save money and increase their disposable income available to circulate in the wider economy.
Digital engagement & inclusion – Kalgera will improve digital inclusion and digital engagement in older people with increased elder spend in the digital economy.
Quality of life – Kalgera will significantly boost the quality of life of its users. It will empower older people to protect themselves but will also give them and their loved one's valuable peace of mind.
Vulnerability detection & risk mitigation – Kalgera will help detect financial vulnerability and will lead to improved personal safety for vulnerable people. Increased awareness and practice of advance planning in case of a loss of mental capacity for financial matters. This will mitigate risks to the vulnerable.
Kalgera is leveraging Open Banking, can you tell us how that underpins the development of your products?
Kalgera uses open banking APIs to enable a more secure way to manage shared financial decision making between older people and their caregivers who are often sandwiched between care, work and family. This is very important as 49% of the 6 million informal caregivers in the UK assist loved ones with money management.
Research suggests that unrecognised vulnerability leads to financial losses of £10,000 to £50,000 per household before problems are recognised and Kalgera will change this by making people aware of problems early on so they can be more proactive. Open banking, which allows access to vital financial data, is essential.
Can you share a bit about what stage you are in the development of your product?
Kalgera is currently running a closed alpha and are in confidential talks with tier 1 financial institutions and community-based groups to run a proof of concept trial.
Kalgera has won multiple awards from UCL and NHS England. Kalgera was also named one of the Top 3 New Financial Inclusion Startups by Tech Nation. On a personal level, I have also contributed to public policy at No. 10 Downing Street and related work of Cabinet Office and HM Treasury.
What has been the best part of your start up journey?
From ward rounds to funding rounds, Kalgera represents a personal transformation for me. I've been able to find my voice and develop my skills to tackle a problem I feel passionately about.
Meet Kalgera at FinTECH4Life as part of our Informed Innovation Start up Showcase

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Is an influencer a legit career?
Photo: Getty Images/twinsterphoto
Consumer generated content Gen-Z Influencer marketing Social marketing Social Media
Many young adults are aspiring to become social media influencers as a career, although the income potential remains questionable.
A survey of 1,000 Gen-Zers in the U.S. taken in late July from Highervisibility found just over 27 percent plan to become social media influencers after finishing school. The benefits of being an influencer were found to be free products, cited by 62 percent; earnings, 61 percent; meeting other influencers, 48 percent; followers, 47 percent; holidays/traveling, 46 percent; and being a celebrity, 37 percent.
Of those surveyed, over 38 percent agreed that there is enough work to become a social media influencer. Nearly one in four believe there should be social media influencer training in school.
Other recent surveys likewise found high interest influencer as a career:
Adobe's "Future of Creativity" study found being able to express yourself, follow your passions and advance causes among other motivators to become an influencer.
A survey commissioned by YouTube Shorts found 41 percent have considered becoming a content creator with 49 percent believing they can make a "decent living" doing so.
Some doubts about influencers' potential as a career came from Highervisibility's survey. Only seven percent of the Gen-Zers surveyed believed their parents would support them becoming a social influencer.
Income appears to be the main concern. A global survey earlier this year of over 9,500 creators published in April by Linktree, a link-sharing platform popular with influencers, found only about 12 percent of overall online content creators earn more than $50,000 annually.
Adobe's survey found influencers spend an average of 15 hours per week making content, underscoring challenges diversifying clients to support full-time work.
Qianna Smith Bruneteau, founder of the American Influencer Council, a trade association for social media content professionals, told the Financial Post, "Like any small business, it takes about two years to reach break-even."
Still, the opportunity may grow as influencers become a bigger driver of sales. According to a January survey commissioned by Oracle, 37 percent of consumers trust social media influencers over brands for advice and recommendations with Gen Z and Millennials two times more likely than Boomers to trust influencers.
Gen Z And The Rise Of Influencer Culture – Highervisibility
Celebrities and Influencers Report – YPulse
Adobe "Future of Creativity" Study: 165M+ Creators Joined Creator Economy Since 2020 – Adobe
4 in 10 Americans think they have what it takes to be the next content creator superstar – YouTube
37% of Consumers Trust Social Media Influencers Over Brands – Oracle
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: Has social media influencer marketing proved itself as a career worth pursuing? What apprehensions may you have as a parent, a high school guidance counselor or a brand hiree?
"If you love doing it, try it. But be realistic about the long-term outcome."
Gene DetroyerProfessor, International Business, Guizhou University of Finance & Economics and University of Sanya, China.
"For every one that makes a living as an influencer, there are likely thousands who cannot live on the income they earn."
Michael La KierPresident, What Brands Want, LLC
"For most who are successful in the space, influencing is a great side hustle, rather than a full-time job."
Melissa MinkowDirector, Retail Strategy, CI&T
12 Comments on "Is an influencer a legit career?"
This same discussion could be written about becoming an actor, singer, or professional athlete. I suspect the success rate would be equally challenging. The career pyramid is way too steep. The viable life of those careers is often quite short.
If you love doing it, try it. But be realistic about the long-term outcome.
A self-sustaining career as an influencer is only an option for a handful. For everyone else it is a hobby or a side-hustle. Schools should absolutely not offer social influencer training – which is a gross waste of taxpayer money. However they should provide business related education including marketing, finances, brand building, entrepreneurship, etc. which is useful for aspiring influencers and people who want to take other career paths.
Let's add coursework in composition, literature, media studies, and stage/video performance so they can write and produce good storytelling – and some visual arts classes to understand what's been done before and to find their own style. Hmm, sounding like a well-rounded liberal arts degree plus business basics is just what the kids need!
Melissa Minkow
Director, Retail Strategy, CI&T
Influencing is like many other careers in that the top does really well, and the microinfluencers likely won't make enough money for it to be their full-time job. The ROI on influencing for brands is quite high considering how low cost influencer marketing is, so this industry will exist in the long-term, but consumers have to be aware of the fact that most influencers are not making the money their aspiring-influencer followers may think they are. For most who are successful in the space, influencing is a great side hustle, rather than a full-time job.
The key to the answer is in the make-up of the audience a brand is trying to reach. I am only influenced – and infrequently at that – by people I know (or think I know) and whose opinions I respect. Everyone else can make all the noise they want. If I know they are getting paid to push, I can immediately discount their opinion. But then, I don't think I am the intended audience.
Brandon Rael
Strategy & Operations Delivery Leader
Content creation and authentic storytelling are emerging trends, and the demands for influencers and content specialists are more significant than ever. While traditional university courses may not address this evolving social media phenomenon, influencer marketing, social selling, and content creation are truly where the market is going.
In the efforts to be where the customers are, the need for livestreaming, and authentic content creation has proven that the typical linear corporate model may not apply to all. Creative types have constantly challenged the process, and the market demands for their talents and specialties have created an emerging and potentially lucrative career.
For an example of the potential of influencer marketing, look no further than Mr. Beast, who has an amazing content creation strategy resonating with millions of Gen Zers.
Michael La Kier
President, What Brands Want, LLC
Influencer IS a legit career, but NOT an easy one. For every one that makes a living as an influencer, there are likely thousands who cannot live on the income they earn. So tread carefully.
Senior Partner, Industry Consulting, Retail, CPG and Hospitality, Teradata
Curricula in high school ought to stay focused on core subjects (math, science, English, history and languages), while universities ought to extend their offerings into strategic business fundamentals, from which influencers can learn a lot. If an individual has the passion and desire to become an influencer, then follow it. But don't think that everyone in this field commands a six-figure salary.
I agree here. All of the basics are required, as are basic financial courses, marketing, etc.
For those that earn six figures being an influencer – kudos to you.
Dion Kenney
COO, Mondofora
Life is short. Try things that interest you. The career ladder doesn't look like it did 50 years ago, so having a side-hustle may not only provide a creative outlet, it could help improve your skills, burnish your reputation, and provide the springboard to another financial path. Will you be the next Huda Kattan? Probably not, but one of the greatest joys in life is to work enthusiastically at work that inspires you.
Has social media influencer marketing proved itself as a career worth pursuing? Um … what? The whole concept of an "influencer" — a concept I've never care for and yet, incredibly, I find I like it less even now — was that it was
… well, genuine: someone that people — for whatever reason (and often I thought "God only knows why!") — thought was worth taking advice from. The idea that "influencer," in itself, could be a career, contradicts the very notion of what it's supposed to be.
David Biernbaum
Founder & President, David Biernbaum & Associates LLC
Being an influencer is potentially a legit career if it's approached, practiced, and executed as a real business. However, the opportunity was much greater, and easier too, a few years back when influencer-competition was a fraction of what it has become, and before most consumers realized as much as they do today, that an influencer is paid by the brands which they influence. It's often regarded today the same as advertising.
What's the likelihood that social media influencers will become a significantly more-established career over the next five years?
Somewhat likely
Somewhat unlikely


The US Senate Judiciary Committee on Thursday approved President Donald Trump's attorney general nominee, William Barr, and sent his nomination on to the full Senate for a final confirmation vote.
President Trump's pick to be the next attorney general is one step closer to be confirmed.
Sen. Lindsey O. Graham (R-S.C.), the committee's chair, said that Barr had to be talked into returning to the Justice Department and that he trusted him to be "fair to the public and true to the law". At the Judiciary Committee's hearing Thursday, all 10 panel Democrats voted against moving the nomination forward, while all 12 Republicans voted to advance it. Barr has said he will be as transparent as possible under Justice Department regulations, but many Democrats are skeptical.
But Barr has refused to promise that he will release the report in its entirety, citing Justice Department regulations that encourage prosecutors not to criticize people who they do not end up charging with criminal behavior. "I do not think that any fair-minded person could call Bill Barr a political hack".
Barr argued that Trump asking former FBI director James Comey to let go of the investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn and later firing Comey were within his powers as head of the executive branch. Amy Klobuchar, a Minnesota Democrat, said Thursday.
Democrats are not alone in wanting Mueller's findings to be made public. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-California, called a memo in which Barr was critical of Mueller's probe "disqualifying", saying she's anxious that he has not committed to releasing Mueller's report to Congress.
"This memo is of serious concern to me and appears to be seminal in his appointment to this position", Feinstein said.
If he wins the job, Barr's independence could be put to the test when Mueller wraps up his investigation into the Trump campaign's possible ties to Russian Federation during the 2016 election.


In our end-of-year blog post, we mentioned that Everlast Synthetic Products has exciting news on the horizon. In fact, we're introducing a first for the seawall industry.
In 2016, we're releasing a true, patent pending vinyl seawall cap.
Why is that so great? After prolonged exposure to saltwater and sun, traditional seawall caps corrode and expand, causing cracks to develop. As the cap breaks down, the seawall fails. But not so with synthetic materials.
When considering a vinyl seawall, a few of our customers have been turned off by the pressure-treated cap option, knowing that over time, the cap could splinter, break down, and decay.
A vinyl cap will enable the wall system to be a truly long-lasting and 100% synthetic solution.
During seawall installation, contractors can easily install the patent pending Everlast vinyl cap on top of the wall, as it comes in standard lengths of 20' sections. There is no need to spend thousands of extra dollars to have a concrete cap or even composite deck cap, and there are no maintenance requirements.
Our patent pending vinyl cap is lightweight and easy to handle while offering a completely UV-stabilized, attractive finish with an anti-skid, slip-resistant finish.
Vinyl works in almost all environments, but a vinyl cap especially benefits our customers in saltwater, where harsh marine environments are no match for a UV-stabilized cap. Although the cap works best with straight walls, it can easily be cut to accommodate some radiuses.
Our patent pending vinyl cap also works nicely in freshwater applications where pressure treated caps are simply not a viable option.
We'll be releasing specifications and further details in the coming months, and we look forward to answering your questions about our innovative new product, our patent pending vinyl cap!


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THE KAYAK CHALLENGE
A Coventry businessman is pushing the boat out to get a-head in a charity kayak challenge.
Tom Bromwich, partner at commercial property advisors Bromwich Hardy, is set to embark on a 36-hour kayak challenge to raise money for the Get A-Head Charitable Trust.
Get A-Head is an independent cancer charity which helps to fight all head and neck diseases by raising money and awareness to help improve quality of life for patients and their carers.
Tom, who is the charity's chairman, is part of a six-strong team of supporters who will set off on the kayak challenge in June, travelling over 100 miles from Birmingham to London within 36 hours.
And the 44-year-old has already paddled-up support from his twin brother Edward Bromwich whose residential property firm ehB Residential has pledged £500 in sponsorship.
Both brothers have experienced first-hand the support provided by the charity as Edward has previously undergone treatment for Medullary Thyroid Cancer whilst Tom and his three young children have each had a thyroidectomy as a preventative measure.
Tom said, "It will definitely be a personal journey for me as my children and I have all had to undergo preventative treatment for thyroid cancer and it is fantastic to have the support of my brother Ed who has had to fight through a challenge of his own.
"We will be taking to the water in teams of two covering well over 100 miles in double kayaks with just as many locks to try and negotiate.
"I'm sure it will be a tough journey but we have all been training really hard and we are extremely dedicated to the cause.
"The £500 pledged by ehB Residential will be match funded by Microsoft taking the total contribution up to £1000 which is fantastic.
"This will contribute vital funds to Get A-Head Trust and help to support vital research into rare head and neck diseases such as Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) and Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC)."
Edward, who is managing director at Leamington and Warwick based ehB Residential, said he is looking forward to watching his brother take on the challenge from the safety of dry land.
"Tom has been training round the clock to try and prepare for the gruelling journey and I'm sure him and the rest of the team will have to overcome a number of challenges en-route.
"Having undergone treatment for thyroid cancer myself I appreciate how important it is to raise money and awareness to support not only research but to also provide the vital equipment needed to support cancer patients.
"Get A-head does a fantastic job in helping to raise awareness of both the symptoms of and treatments for rare head and neck diseases and it is great that we have been able to pledge £500 to help boost funds for the charity."
To find out more information about the kayak challenge please visithttp://getahead.org.uk/kayak-challenge-june-2014/ and to support Edward on his journey visit https://www.justgiving.com/getahead2014.
More information about the Get A-head Charitable Trust can be found athttp://getahead.org.uk/.
Investment market still attractive for industrial properties, says Bromwich Hardy founder


Blanket made of linen blend frabric on the top and quilted on the bottom using the warmth of soft Merino Pure Virgin Wool. Embellished with the application of cord and tassels on the bed and the colour-matched Plisse band. Included 2 matching cushions.


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Psychologist Resident – Autism Spectrum Disorder Specialty
2022-09-19 2022-11-11 by childrens
Position begins September, 2023
The Children's Program is seeking a full-time psychologist resident. Our private multidisciplinary children's mental health clinic in southwest Portland employs more than two dozen professionals (psychologists, licensed professional counselors, developmental & behavioral pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychometrician, speech-language pathologist, and educational consultant) and has served thousands of families over more than three decades. The position will start in September of 2023 and continue for one year.
This position will involve a combination of assessment and intervention. The resident will complete psychological evaluations of children and youth (ages 2-18) for whom Autism Spectrum Disorder is a primary referral concern. Previous experience in ADOS2 administration and/or clinical work with children and youth with ASD is desirable. Intervention work will focus primarily on working with children and youth ages 11-21 who have ASD diagnoses as well as co-occurring challenges related to anxiety and depression, social and adaptive skills deficits, executive functioning vulnerabilities, etc. Resident should have experience and comfort working with LGBTIQA+ youth and related adjustment concerns. Opportunities for group social skills intervention and parent training and support are also available.
A background in assessment and intervention with children and families is required and experience with evidence-based evaluation and therapy is preferred.
Candidates should hold a Psy.D. or Ph.D. in Clinical, Counseling, or School Psychology from an APA accredited institution
Applicants must have completed an APA- or APPIC-recognized pre-doctoral internship
Have clinical training and applied experience serving children and families
The benefits of working at our clinic include:
Salary of $53,000.00
Insurance-eligible position
Generous vacation and leave policy
Numerous continuing education and consultation opportunities
Full-time staff support with administrative tasks, including:
Intake screening
Credentialing & insurance paneling
Marketing & community outreach
Well-established sources of client referrals from medical & mental health professionals, schools, and other institutions in the Portland metro area
A vibrant, fun, supportive office environment
Children's Program values diversity among staff, trainees and the population we serve. Our non-discrimination policy indicates that trainees, clients and staff have the right be treated considerately and respectfully regardless of race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, cultural background, economic status, education or disability. We believe that diversity enhances the climate and training environment and are committed to ongoing efforts to recruit and retain diverse staff (including training supervisors) and trainees, as well as to improve our ability to serve diverse populations in our region. We seek to provide ongoing training and educational opportunities for our staff and trainees around issues of diversity, equity and inclusion, with a goal of improving clinical practice, increasing outreach to underserved communities and improving our ability to welcome and support trainees and staff from a wide range of backgrounds.
For further information and to apply for the position, please email CV and cover letter to Rose Eagle, Ph.D., Director of Training, at reagle@childrensprogram.com.
Categories Jobs
Children's Program Doctoral Internship Program
Helping Children Heal from Trauma & Loss


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Gauntlet's Archive
Nobel nominee opposes Iraqi sanctions
Nobel Peace Prize nominee Denis J. Halliday spoke on behalf of Iraqi people on Nov. 18, giving audience members an alternative perspective to what is regularly portrayed in the media. Halliday's lecture was titled "Genocide in Iraq: What Can We Do To Stop It?"
Halliday, a former United Nations Assistant Secretary General and Humanitarian Coordinator spoke out against sanctions in Iraq, which are causing both widespread suffering and death among its people. An estimated 1.5 million Iraqi individuals have lost their lives to UN sanctions, which claim approximately 5,000-10,000 lives a month. Although there is an Oil for Food program, it is exclusively run by oil companies in Iraq. Its capacity to provide food and assistance is limited as it requires outside
assistance that the UN refuses to provide.
"There is actually no aid being given to Iraq," said Halliday. "The Oil for Food program is fully funded by oil resources and revenues of the Iraqi people. We are not giving humanitarian assistance to Iraq."
Halliday began the lecture by dispelling several myths about Iraq and its people, which are misconceptions held commonly in the U.S. Halliday stated that Iraq is not made up of millions of Saddam Husseins, nor are they a milieu for weapons of mass destruction. Negative effects from the Gulf War still persist today such as the eradication of thriving urban areas and depletion of electric power systems which affect both water treatment and the breakdown of sewage systems, causing water-borne diseases.
Depleted uranium used from weaponry during the Gulf War has also released both nuclear dust and toxins into the air.
"The Gulf War was not about getting Iraqis out of Kuwait," said Halliday. "The truth is, it's about oil. It's about making sure the control of oil remains in the hands of the U.S."
Halliday criticized both U.S. and Canadian governments in their contribution to the sanctions. Security Councils made up of U.S., U.K., and Canadian member states knowingly contribute to the depletion of important human resources such as employment, education and housing. Canada, Halliday claims, has not stood up to the powers in Washington, which could help end sanctions imposed on Iraqi people.
"This is equivalent to genocide because the Council knows people are dying, yet allows this to occur," said Halliday.
Groups such as the Canadian Network to End Sanctions on Iraq are one of the few organizations working to eliminate all UN sanctions on Iraq.
"There [are] a certain amount of shipments from Canada and the U.S. by active groups who are in a sense making a symbolic gesture to Iraqi people," said Halliday. "They want to make a point that these sanctions are in themselves a breach of international law."
Halliday, however, does not deny the atrocities that occurred in Kuwait during the Gulf War, in which the Iraqi regime claimed many Kuwaiti lives–just as senseless as the oppression experienced by Iraqi children today, he feels.
"Young anemic mothers are giving birth to children at an average birth rate of five pounds or less," said Halliday. "There is chronic malnutrition despite Oil for Food; perhaps 15 per cent of Iraqi children are malnourished. This leads to physical and mental damage that can never be repaired. 'Sanction Generations' describe these young people who will be challenged for the rest of their lives."
Published November 23, 2000 By Masoud
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The King is dead. Long live the Queen!
Ministry of advanced education paves way for tuition increases
Container Bar gives alleys a good name
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Enjoy the Magic of Christmas Past at Louisville Memorial Auditorium November 28 | Joe Hayden Real Estate Team - Your Real Estate Experts!
Step back in time to the age of silent movies, and get into the spirit of the holiday season with a funny holiday movie and the amazing sounds of the pipe organ. Visit the Magic of Christmas Past at Louisville Memorial Auditorium this November, and enjoy an era without cell phones, social media or streaming.
The Magic of Christmas Past event is a great way to relax and unwind. Turn off your phone and enjoy the silent movie, a holiday classic starring the incomparable comedy duo Laurel and Hardy. These two comedians became legends, and you'll see why in their film "Big Business." An amazing pipe organ accompanies the film.
This event includes a series of funny holiday shorts in addition to the film, and you can see it all on the big screen. This is how movie audiences watched this film in 1929, when it first came out. Enjoy the show at the Louisville Memorial Auditorium from 6 to 7 pm at 970 S. Fourth Street.
That's just a few blocks outside of Shelby Park, an historic Louisville neighborhood full of pretty homes in bright colors with classic architecture. Many homes here date to the era when Laurel and Hardy were making films, and that makes this a perfect neighborhood to visit in the spirit of Christmas Past.
The Shelby Park neighborhood is laid out around Shelby Park at the center, a pretty green space with picnic areas, athletic fields, a playground, tennis courts and walking paths. There are lots of little shops here, along with restaurants, night spots, the Idlewild Butterfly Farm, a community center and many other places to visit.
But mostly, Shelby Park is made up of pretty real estate. This community is filled with early 1900s homes painted in eye-catching colors ad designed with incredible details. The cozy bungalows here are charming inside and out. Homes in Shelby Park have lots of natural light and many of them have been remodeled, so you can enjoy modern features even while surrounded by classic details.
Enjoy your visit with the past this November, and go enjoy seeing the lovely homes in Shelby Park.


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New Year 2021 Celebrations in Dubai
By Mohammad Sharfuddin 31st December 2020
New Year 2021 Celebrations in Dubai: The year 2020 has gone, and it's time to start planning how you're going to ring in 2021 in Dubai with a bang.
All the residents in the UAE are familiar with Dubai's New Year's celebration. Here's how the Burj Khalifa and the entire team at Emaar celebrated New Year 2021 in different countries.
Video Credit: https://www.instagram.com/faz3/
We will list down the events that took place in Dubai on the occasion of New Year. But, before proceeding with this. Let's have a look at how Emaar has celebrated the New Year.
List of New Year Eve & Parties
Creekside vibes at QD's
Image Credit: https://www.visitdubai.com/
A laidback al fresco favorite, QD's at Dubai Creek Golf & Yacht Club is pulling out all the stops for a New Year's Eve party to remember. With excellent views overlooking Dubai Creek's waters and the city skyline in the distance, there will be plenty of delicious food to enjoy, live entertainment, and signature sets from the resident DJ. Come midnight, and all eyes will be on the fireworks displays lighting up the night sky.
KISS 2020 Goodbye at Atlantis, The Palm
Legendary rock band KISS will be performing live at Atlantis, The Palm in what's already becoming one of the city's most talked-about concerts. Not only is the event eyeing a world record for the largest pyrotechnics show, but it's also part of the band's last ever world tour. Whether you choose to Livestream the concert or watch history in the making from the balcony of your Atlantis room, it will be a rocking start to 2021.
Night of music at Dubai Opera
End the year on a high note at the Dubai Opera. Expect an evening of upbeat tunes from DJ Saif & Sound and Carrie Gibson's Nuvo Soul band, who will be playing live all through the night. The popular Downtown venue will be transformed into a grand hall where guests can also enjoy a gourmet dinner with canapes of starters, mains, and desserts.
All aboard the Lotus Mega Yacht
Are we looking for a different way to celebrate this year? Consider boarding the Lotus Mega Yacht to enjoy New Year's Eve at sea. Take in views of the Dubai skyline from the water as you pass by famed sights such as the Burj Al Arab and Atlantis, The Palm. This luxury yacht has it all, including multiple entertainment decks and an onboard cinema. Book tickets in advance to avoid disappointment.
Original Source: https://www.visitdubai.com/en/articles/best-new-years-eve-parties
List of 2021 Public Holidays in UAE
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We are seeking a PDRA to study past climate and vegetation change in tropical West Africa as part of the NERC-funded "500,000 years of solar irradiance, climate and vegetation changes" project. You will join a multidisciplinary collaborative research team and will work with an international network of project partners. The project will utilise cutting-edge organic geochemical techniques to generate the longest continuous record of fossil pollen chemistry change. The study will build upon previous research into the sediments recovered from Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana). The data generated will shed new light on the role of climate in driving vegetation change in the tropics.
You will already hold a PhD, or be near to completing your PhD, in a relevant scientific discipline with a background in the Earth or Environmental sciences. You must have substantial experience of organic geochemistry or tropical palynology, with well-developed self-management skills and the ability to prioritise effectively.
The PDRA will work with an associated PhD student looking at modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the same region.
For further particulars click here.
For information on how to apply click here visit The Open University jobs web site.


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Home News Funding call to fix crumbling graveyards
Funding call to fix crumbling graveyards
Niall O'Connor
Damage to the stone work and railings at Clenor graveyard in Doneraile.
A councillor has called on the local authority to put a plan in place to ensure historic cemeteries are maintained, saying there are several such cemeteries in dire need of maintenance and restoration, where crumbling stone work and other issues need to be addressed immediately.
Cllr Deirdre O'Brien said the dangerous and neglected sites are at Coole Abbey Graveyard near Castlelyons, at Clenor Graveyard in Doneraile and said there are also problems at cemeteries in Ballynoe and Kilworth.
"There is a large number of sites that need work. It's important that we remember people who have gone before us and honour them with the upkeep of these graveyards…"
Ballynoe Cemetery
Cemetery Maintenance
Cemetery Restoration
Clenor Graveyard Doneraile
Cllr Deirdre O'Brien
Coole Abbey Graveyard
Kilworth Cemetery
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Niall O'Connor, works as the Assistant News Editor based in The Avondhu's Mitchelstown office. He has a career in national and local journalism spanning the last twenty years. Niall, a native of Cobh, has worked for the majority of his journalistic career as a regional correspondent and crime reporter.