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CIVIL NOTION
Zero Net Fifty
In Climate Matters, What's the Deference?
The recent Supreme Court decision in Gundy v US may portend a significant change in the way Congress drafts environmental legislation—indeed how it drafts all legislation—in the future. The recent Supreme Court decision in Gundy v US may portend a significant change in the way Congress drafts environmental legislation—indeed how it drafts all legislation—in the future. The case, brought by a convicted child rapist, challenges sex offender registration requirements. Looking past the lurid details of the case, the question before the Supreme Court (SCOTUS) involves the question of what constitutes a permissible delegation of power from Congress to the executive branch of government.
It is nearly impossible to conceive of any environmental law enacted in the past half-century or more that does not involve a Congressional grant of authority to the executive branch of government. Take, for example, Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act[i] (CAA) that provides:
The [EPA] Administrator shall by regulation prescribe (and from time to time revise) in accordance with the provisions of this section, standards applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare … . (emphasis added)
The Supreme Court's interpretation of this and other CAA provisions in the case of Massachusetts v US confirmed the authority of the Administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency to regulate greenhouse gases (GHG) as qualified air pollutants under the Act. Moreover, the Massachusetts court determined that a finding of endangerment by the Agency obligated it to regulate GHG emissions.
The Green New Deal— Be-labored?
Unless the transition to a clean energy economy is based on unifying politics, this next iteration
will also prove another adventure in pyrrhic rhetoric.
--David Foster[i]
The California Democrat Party held its state convention ten days ago. In addition to organizational business, the 5,000 delegates and guests heard from 14 of the contenders for the right to take on Trump in 2020.
The California convention was described by the Los Angeles Times as a festival of dissent aimed at driving President Trump from office amidst chanting, clapping and occasionally squabbling. Today's commentary is about the squabbling within the ranks of California's Democratic Party. It is a squabble playing itself out nationally between union labor and progressive climate activists, and it portends problems for Democrats in the 2020 elections.
As defending against climate change is a priority of the Democratic Party and mostly pandered by the Republican, a Democratic loss in 2020 is a loss for the environment. Four more years of Trump and the entire framework of national environmental protection laws will likely be in total tatters.
Amid the chanting, clapping and soaring oratory in San Francisco was the election of Rusty Hicks as chair of the California Democratic Party. The 39-year old Hicks is a product of organ-ized labor with solid Democratic credentials.
Hicks served in the California Assembly before becoming the political director of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO (LA Fed) in 2006 and its president in 2015. Hicks also served as the California Political Director for the 2008 Obama for America campaign. His election is considered a win for the establishment, and his victory owed much to union support.
The LA Fed is the chartered Central Labor Council of the AFL-CIO in Los Angeles County. Representing over 300 unions and more than 800,000 workers, the Los Angeles Council is the second largest in the nation
Is a National Clean Energy Standard the Answer?
For the purposes of these discussions, let's all put politics aside and judge the proposals by their content and not their proposer's party.
--Green New Directions
The 2018 midterm elections swept the Democrats into control of the US House of Representatives and climate change onto the landing pages of most media networks. Since the elections, global heating [i]has continued to be at or near the top of voter priority lists. A recent poll conducted by the communications programs at Yale and George Mason Universities shows that 40 percent of eligible voters now see climate as crucial to whom they'll vote for in 2020.
Climate polled as a voter priority in previous elections. However, the vouchsafed preference for an aggressive federal environmental agenda never translated into adequate action being taken by either Congress or the president at the time, i.e., G.W. Bush, or Obama. Adequate that is to keep from crossing the 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) threshold above which scientists warn the most devastating and likely irreversible impacts will occur.
I grant it's not easy to protect the environment while simultaneously trying to save the economy and defending the nation against aggressors—foreign and domestic. The problem, of course, is that neither humanity nor the economy stands much chance of being saved if the physical environment becomes so polluted and heated as to make living in it problematic.
This time around, there is little reason to believe that climate will flash and burn in the minds of voters as it has in the past. A new generation of environmental defender has joined with earlier generations to add its voice to the cries for environmental action—a collective voice raised louder than any that has gone before.
Green New Directions
The Green New Deal Is Only the Beginning of the Search for National Consensus
Given all the green talk—positive and negative—that has gone on since Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's (D-NY) Green New Deal hit the headlines it's not surprising that others have begun to step forward with proposed alternatives. The climate debate's current driver is the run for elective office. What will sustain it long past the 2020 elections is the increasing incidence, costs, and consequences of climate-related weather disasters.
Compared to the Democrats making climate change a principal platform of their 2020 election strategy is the protestation of Donald Trump that there's no problem to solve and the willingness of many Republican conservatives to follow wherever he leads. The heat of the partisan debate will rise faster and burn hotter than Earth's temperatures between now and when ballots are cast next November.
Climate calamities don't distinguish between red and blue states. Voters in ever larger numbers are admitting to having been touched by the consequences of global warming and are recognizing the causal connection between human activity and the release of harmful greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon and methane. These personal experiences reflect global reality.
Trump and Mother Nature Threaten to Sink Rural America What Does It Mean for Democrats in 2020?
Farmers and ranchers are hurting, and there are pockets of this country where
the economy is not strong.
--a GOP lawmaker
Trump's crowing about his having launched an unprecedented economic miracle rarely seen before belies the harms his economic and environmental policies are causing farmers, ranchers, and agro-businesses in America's heartlands. Consequently, Trump and the Republican Party may find themselves victims of climate change come election day 2020. If it happens, their defeat will have been significantly contributed to by the loss of a key core constituency--rural voters.
Combined with the growing number and intensity of climate-related natural disasters Trump's trade wars with China, Mexico, Canada, and the European Union have put American farmers—particularly family farmers in Midwestern and Plains states—in a much-weakened economic position.
As reported, the White House's acting chief of staff explained why voters would continue to support Trump's run for a second term:
You hate to sound like a cliché, but are you better off than you were four years ago? It's pretty simple, right? It's the economy, stupid. I think that's easy. People will vote for somebody they don't like if they think it's good for them.
The Climate Action Now Act The First of Many?
Dateline May 3, 2019
Yesterday the US House of Representatives passed the first major climate legislation in nearly a decade. The Climate Action Now Act (H.R. 9) prohibits the use of federal funds to advance the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement. The Act also compels the Trump administration to submit to Congress how the United States will achieve an economy-wide target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent below its 2005 level by 2025, within 120 days of its enactment. The targeted reduction levels were the ones President Obama committed to as the US's nationally determined contributions (NDC) per the provisions of the Paris Agreement.
The outcome of the vote, largely along party lines, was hardly surprising. The Act's primary sponsor, Representative Kathy Castor (D-FL), was joined by 223 Democratic co-sponsors—five more than the number of votes needed for passage. Most interesting perhaps was the favorable vote of three Republican representatives Vern Buchanan (FL), Brian Fitzpatrick (PA) and Elise Stefanik (NY). Castor is the chair of the newly created Select House Committee on the Climate Crisis.
With Republicans firmly in control of the Senate, the legislation stands no chance of passage. The only surprise I can imagine would be Majority Leader McConnell letting it see the light of day on the Senate floor. It is not to say that there wasn't any drama surrounding the legislation.
What Trump Is Guilty of Is a Breach of Contract-- Bombast Away!
A respect for the limits of your branch of government, a respect for the role of other branches of government is sort of the oil that makes the machinery work. Absent that, things break down. And I think we're definitely seeing that with this administration in unprecedented ways.
Rep. Gerald Connolly (D-VA)
No matter what the Mueller Report says about Donald John Trump's possible crimes while in office, by my count, he is batting a perfect seven for seven in the sins department. Of pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth—it is his pride that most threatens the state of our union. Although Trump's pride may well lead to his fall from the grace of American voters in 2020--it is not an impeachable offense.
The bombastic 45th president of the United States describes himself in grandiloquent terms.
I think nobody knows more about taxes than I do, maybe in the history of the world.
I know more about renewables than any human being on Earth.
Technology — nobody knows more about technology than me.
Nobody in the history of this country has ever known so much about infrastructure as [Donald Trump].
Trump not only speaks of himself in hyperbolas and the third person he hears what others say—or imagines them having said—in equally braggadocian terms. Responding to a question about US-China relations he quoted the director of the Center for Chinese Strategy, a conservative think tank.
If you look at Mr. Pillsbury, the leading authority on China…he was saying that China has total respect for Donald Trump and for Donald Trump's very, very, large brain.
Hubris has brought down many a tragic figure throughout history and literature. Would the consequences of Trump's boasts be his alone to bear and not serve as a precedent for other presidents to follow, I would be less anxious over the fate of the nation. It is no exaggeration to say that Trump's actions while in office have the potential to weaken the underlying foundation of the republic for which he and we stand.
As president of the United States, Trump has sworn an oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; bear true faith and allegiance to the same…and…well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office for which he now holds.
When it comes to Trump's assault on the constitutional foundation of the country, I am not speaking about theemoluments clause and his possibly profiting off his occupation of the White House. Most presidents these days have found their time in office a stepping stone to immense wealth—whether selling their memoirs or charging exorbitant speaking fees.
The US Chamber of Commerce's "New" Take on Climate Change
The climate is changing, and humans are contributing to these changes. We believe that there is much common ground on which all sides of this discussion could come together to address climate change with policies that are practical, flexible, predictable, and durable.
— The US Chamber of Commerce
The US Chamber of Commerce, through its Global Energy Institute (GEI), recently announced the launch of a major new climate initiative called the American Energy: Cleaner, Stronger campaign. It's admitted purpose is to "counter the Green New Deal (GND) with an energy innovation agenda…to persuade the public and Congress that technology is better than regulation in addressing climate change." (emphasis added).
In taking a swipe at the GND, the Chamber has handed its progressive Democratic authors and supporters a key victory—certainly something it had not intended to do.
Whatever the Green New Deal is or isn't, the idea of it has accomplished what was thought Impossible just months ago--the admission by traditionally conservative deniers that climate change is real and needs to be acted upon now. The Chamber's announcement boldly states inaction is not an option. The actions to be taken, however, remain matters of dogmatic ideological debate.
On its face, the Chamber's call to action is a far cry from its 2017 policy priorities. Today climate change is on the minds of voters because it is on the lips of every Democrat in Congress, as well as those vying for the party's presidential nomination. The Chamber's newly announced campaign is an effort to remain relevant.
Trump's Hypocritical Oaths on the Environment
Should there be any doubt about the positive impact of the 2018 midterm elections on the willingness of politicians at least to discuss the realities of climate change and what the reactions of lawmakers should be, let me dispel them now.
It is being reported that the Trump campaign has put out a call for a list of climate change victories that can be attributed to Trump's time in office. According to the McClatchy report, the call reflects a shift in strategy ahead of the 2020 election as polls show growing voter concern over global warming, two sources familiar with the campaign.
If true, the willingness of Trump to speak in terms of climate change victories marks a stunning turnaround from his usual references to climate change science as a huckster's hoax perpetrated by liberal university-types to frighten governments and foundations into giving them funds for fake research.
A few days ago, Trump was telling the audience at the National Republican Congressional Committee's annual spring dinner that he hoped Hill Republicans wouldn't attack the Green New Deal so completely as to defeat the Democrat's desire to do anything about climate change. Why? Because he intends to beat them up over their socialist notions on energy and the environment.
The Green New Deal, done by a young bartender, 29 years old. The first time I heard it, I said, 'That's the craziest thing.
If they beat me with the Green New Deal, I deserve to lose.
It was during this dinner speech that Trump said that the noise of windmills cause cancer.
Is the Green New Deal Dead?
Technically the Green New Deal (GND) has yet to live as a formal legislative proposal as compared to "a sense of resolution." Therefore, any reports of its demise would be premature.
The Senate's vote on Majority Leader McConnell's GND resolution seems to have marked the end of a chapter. Although the GND concept will continue to be talked about, America's climate plan will ultimately be defined by a series of legislative acts rather than a single integrated piece of legislation. Therein, perhaps, lies the problem.
Disaggregation of the various elements of the Green New Deal, as broadly-brushed during the 2018 election cycle by Representative Ocasio-Cortez and socially progressive organizations like the Sunrise Movement and Justice Democrats, is as real as it is apparent. Much less apparent is whether the introduction of individual pieces of legislation reflects a rejection of the broader vision and will ultimately lead to an ignominious end to the newly charged national climate debate.
No one would be blamed for thinking that breaking apart the GND's component pieces will end as badly for the environment as it did for Mr. Dumpty following his great fall. How many times have politicians parceled out pieces of a broadly integrative policy for solving complex social problems only to make it easier to kill?
Joel B. Stronberg
Joel Stronberg, MS, JD., of The JBS Group is a veteran clean energy policy analyst with over 30 years' experience, based in Washington, DC.


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Michelle Berry wins Vergil Parks McKinley Award at Troy University
Faculty/Staff | December 15, 2016
Michelle Berry received the Vergil Parks McKinley Award on Wednesday from Dr. Jack Hawkins, Jr., Chancellor. She was nominated by Capt. John Strayn.
Michelle Berry, departmental secretary for Aerospace Studies at Troy University, has won the University's Vergil Parks McKinley Award.
Berry, who has been employed by the University since August 2014, received the award from Dr. Jack Hawkins, Jr., Chancellor, during the annual faculty/staff Christmas luncheon in the Trojan Center Ballrooms on the Troy Campus. She was nominated by Capt. John D. Strayn, assistant professor of Aerospace Studies, Air Force ROTC.
The McKinley Award is the highest honor that Troy University gives to a non-faculty staff member. It is presented quarterly to an employee who has demonstrated outstanding attitude, innovation and work ethic. The award was established by the late John McKinley, former Texaco CEO, in honor of his father, Vergil Parks McKinley, who was a Troy University professor during the early 20th century and was key to the development of the University's athletic program. Winners of this award receive an engraved clock and a $1,000 stipend.
In a letter of nomination, Capt. Strayn called Berry "the glue that keeps our department together."
"In addition to being a phenomenal secretary, she carries the unique duty of the TROY liaison, providing top quality advice and guidance that accurately translates to our entirely Air Force staff. This function also applies to TROY students that are concurrently competing to become U.S. Air Force officers, making sure the cadet paperwork/credentials were submitted in a timely manner, providing access to military online programs so they would be prepared for class and doing Air Force-specific calculations on each cadet in the program to ensure they are eligible to compete for the very limited nationwide officer admissions board."
Capt. Strayn said Berry presents an inviting and calming presence within the office and is a model of Air Force Core Values.
"I have encountered few individuals with her dedication and work ethic," he said. "She is the model for our Air Force Core Values: 'Integrity First, Service Before Self and Excellence in All We Do.'"
Berry said she was honored to receive the award and credited the teamwork of the staff for the success of the program.
"There are a lot of things that go on in Air Force ROTC, and everyone is involved and stays busy," Berry said. "It really is like we are planting seeds and watching the cadets grow toward their goal of becoming lieutenants. It is very rewarding work and I am grateful to the ROTC staff and the University for this honor."
Aerospace Studies, Jack Hawkins, McKinley Award, Michelle Berry, ROTC, Staff
Phenix City Campus faculty, staff bring joy to Christmas season for families in need
Krista Granger wins Troy University's McKinley Award
John Hyde wins Troy University's McKinley Award

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The time when Smart TVs were a hype is now over. It is more convenient to go for a normal HD TV and use a streaming device. This way you can easily get all the features of a Smart TV at a lower price point. And this is where Kodi boxes come in.
Kodi's popularity is the direct result of its usefulness as a media streaming service. Its versatility is one of its strength and so is its modularity. The number of third-party add-ons one can install on Kodi are numerous. And if one can experience this on an HD TV then there is hardly anything else people are going to opt for. This is also a feasible option for no other reason but because it is absolutely free.
Kodi boxes are essentially media streaming devices which have Kodi pre-installed on them or have support for installing Kodi. However, it is necessary to look for the right Kodi box. There are many out there which are fake and even many which have illegal third-party add-ons installed on them which would lead you to break not a few laws.
Also, it gets difficult to choose from the myriad options available and decide upon the one best suited for your needs. We are here to do the job for you and review some of the very well known streaming boxes which would enable you to enjoy Kodi from the comfort of your living room.
Amazon's Fire TV Stick is a portable media streaming device which resembles a flash drive. The setup procedure is pretty easy and one can get started in just a couple of minutes after unboxing it. Amazon's Fire TV Stick is a budget option for those who want most of the features of a streaming device at a decent enough prize. With 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of internal storage space, it is more than enough for you to install and run Kodi. One thing to keep in mind is that Kodi will not come pre-installed on it. However, it is easy to just sideload it onto the Fire Stick and thus poses not much hassle. On the connectivity end, you get Bluetooth 4.1 and dual-band Wi-Fi support. There is also voice support with the included voice remote.
The main drawback of Amazon Fire TV Stick is that it doesn't support 4K video and the maximum supported resolution is of 1080p. However, given the cost of 4K televisions in the market, it is safe to say that you will not regret buying the Fire TV Stick for a couple of years at least. It is a reliable and one of the cheapest option for making Kodi boxes.
It is well known that Nvidia is not a new name in the market. And its Shield range of products have been around for quite some time now. However, Nvidia has just recently started making a name for itself in the media streaming sector. Introducing Shield TV, Nvidia's all-round media streaming device. Not only it supports media streaming, gaming enthusiasts also get the chance to stream a game to their TV with this device. With support for Google's voice search and 4K streaming, this device is not something you would want to miss out. It is a behemoth of a streaming device with Nvidia Tegra X1 processor and a 256-core GPU along with 3 GB of RAM. It supports external USB storage with an internal storage of 16 GB already onboard. Connectivity wise it has support for dual-band Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.1, and even Gigabit Ethernet.
The only drawback being it may be costly for some. Apart from that, there is hardly anything which would stop you from buying yourself one of these available in the market.
After mentioning all the big players out there, it would seem a bit stupefying mentioning Mi's own media streaming device. But, that doesn't mean it is anything to look down upon. It is priced in between the Fire TV Stick and the Shield TV but doesn't disappoint on the features at all. With Android TV onboard and 4K support, the Mi Box comes with a 2.0 GHz quad-core Cortex-A53 Processor and 2 GB of RAM. Connectivity wise it supports dual-band Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.0. Voice support is provided with the help of a Bluetooth voice remote which is included in the package. You can easily install Kodi on it and stream videos in 4K if your television supports it.
There is not really any drawback in this device except that it may seem a bit bulky as compared to the Fire TV Stick. However, that is a given as the hardware is more powerful which allows for a smoother experience than the Fire TV Stick.
WeTek's HUB is a small yet powerful media streaming device. It supports 4K streaming despite its small form-factor. It is also not lacking connectivity wise and supports Bluetooth 4.0, dual-band Wi-Fi, as well as Gigabit Ethernet. However, it is a bit on the lower end when it comes to specifications. With only 1 GB of RAM, there may be better options in the market if you are looking for something more powerful. Also, it is small enough to fit in your palm so there is little chance to affect the aesthetics of your living room.
The only drawback of WeTek's HUB is a bit low end hardware. However, it more than makes up for it with the connectivity options it provides.
With Kodi pre-installed, Minix Neo U1 is a very powerful streaming device. It has decent hardware specifications. With 2 GB of RAM and a quad-core CPU, it won't disappoint you in day-to-day use. It also supports 4K which is rare for Kodi boxes of this form-factor. However, there is no Bluetooth support on the connectivity side. Dual-band Wi-Fi and Gigabit Ethernet make up for that more or less.
It is in the same price range as the Wetek HUB and with almost similar specifications. The only drawback seems to be lack of Bluetooth and an old version of Android.
The above-mentioned devices are in no way a part of an exhaustive list and one may find alternatives which may better suit your needs. But, the ones mentioned above are all products from reputed brands which ensures delivery of performance with as little hassle as possible.
We would also like to recommend Raspberry Pi. Although installing Kodi on it requires time and effort, it is entirely worth it. Just the customization options available make it one of the best devices from existing Kodi boxes. It is more suited for DIY enthusiasts than normal customers.


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Can Communications Unite Us? Lessons from Charlottesville
Submitted on August 18, 2017
You're reading the Benton Foundation's Weekly Round-up, a recap of the biggest (or most overlooked) telecommunications stories of the week. The round-up is delivered via e-mail each Friday; to get your own copy, subscribe at www.benton.org/user/register
Robbie's Round-Up for the Week of August 14-18, 2017
"Clearly Trump's bellicosity is driving a wedge through America, and we'll be a long time recovering from it. This goes far beyond statues to the very foundations of civil society." -- Former FCC Commissioner Michael Copps
This week, a white supremacist terrorist killed counter-protester Heather Heyer in Charlottesville, Virginia. In his initial response, the President of the United States condemned violence "on many sides." Three days later, President Donald Trump spoke with reporters, again assigning "blame on both sides" in remarks that, according to the New York Times, "buoyed the white nationalist movement...as no president has done in generations." Much has been written, and will be written, about the President's choice of words, the timing of his remarks, and the effects all of this will have on our Republic. The incidents this past weekend will be an indelible, dark mark in our nation's history. At Benton, we believe that communications policy -- rooted in the values of access, equity, and diversity -- has the power to deliver new opportunities and strengthen communities to bridge our divides. These values are vital in a political climate swelling with hate and intolerance.
I will discuss the President's words later on, but, for now, I will take a closer look at the role of communications in this tragedy, in hopes of gleaning some lessons so as to not repeat nor increase this racial and political violence. Looking at Charlottesville through the lens of media and democracy, I come to these questions: Do citizens have the right to protest using hate speech? Does violence override or neutralize speech? Do some tactics to hold individuals accountable violate their privacy? What is the responsibility of tech platforms to impede the spread of hateful speech? Should journalists use the names groups pick for themselves? Is our President using his office to communicate in a way that stokes the flames of racial animosity?
Eugene Volokh pointed out in a Washington Post op-ed that there are similarities between recent calls for suppressing white supremacist speech and past calls for suppressing Communist speech. Some believe both Communist speech and white supremacist speech fall outside of First Amendment protection because:
the speech is inconsistent with basic constitutional values
their supporters back violence and not just peaceful change
similar movements overseas are responsible for killing millions
similar movements in the U.S. are responsible for various terror attacks over the decades
this speech isn't just speech but is itself violence
How do we respect the First and Fourth Amendment in the Digital Age, and what should be our appropriate response to hate speech?
The Right to Protest: Charlottesville - Yes, Inauguration - No?
On August 14, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said, "[Y]ou can be sure that this Department of Justice ... is going to take the most vigorous action to protect the right of people, like Heather Heyer, to protest against racism and bigotry." He added, "We're going to protect the right to assemble and march and we're going to prosecute anybody to the fullest extent of the law that violates the right to do so, you can be sure about that."
For a visual timeline of the violence in Charlottesville, read the Washington Post's Recounting a day of rage, hate, violence and death and watching, with viewer discretion, the short documentary from Vice, Charlottesville: Race and Terror.
The Attorney General said that terrorism investigators from the FBI are working on the Heyer case with civil rights specialists and attorneys at the Department of Justice (DOJ). "It does meet the definition of domestic terrorism in our statute," AG Sessions said. "We are pursuing it in the Department of Justice in every way that we can make it — make a case. You can be sure we will charge and advance the investigations toward the most serious charges that can be brought because this is an unequivocally unacceptable and evil attack that cannot be accepted in America."
But also on August 14, Los Angeles-based online hosting provider DreamHost disclosed in a blog post that it has been involved in a months-long legal battle with the DOJ over records on visitors to an anti-Trump website. The dispute focuses on a DOJ demand for information on data related to disruptj20.org, which described itself as a group of activists "building the framework needed for mass protests to shut down the inauguration of Donald Trump and planning widespread direct actions to make that happen." The search warrant was served to DreamHost on July 17.
"In essence, the search warrant not only aims to identify the political dissidents of the current administration, but attempts to identify and understand what content each of these dissidents viewed on the website," the company said in a legal filing arguing against the warrant.
Chris Ghazarian, general counsel for DreamHost, said, "What you're seeing is pure prosecutorial overreach by a politicized Justice Department, allowing the Trump administration to use prosecutors to silence critics."
The Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA), whose members include Amazon, Facebook, Google, and eBay, came to the company's defense. CCIA President Ed Black said, "U.S. tech companies are often compelled to resist sweeping dragnets aimed at political dissent from foreign regimes. The U.S. government itself has criticized countries that target political dissent with criminal process. We would urge DOJ to consider the consequences of such requests both in terms of emboldening countries like China and in the message this sends to democratic allies."
Privacy Online vs Offline: @YesYoureRacist Exposes Racists
Debates concerning the right to privacy and the right to protest extended beyond the DOJ. While the DOJ may be infringing on the privacy of inauguration protesters, some activists in the wake of Heyer's death are using social media to identify and shame people who attended the Unite The Right rally in Charlottesville.
Most prominently, on Twitter, the account "Yes, You're Racist" has been soliciting help and crowdsourcing efforts to identify the people participating in the rally. Logan Smith, who runs the account, thinks people should see the faces of white supremacists. "They're not wearing hoods anymore -- they're out in the open," Smith says. "And if they're proud to stand with KKK members and neo-Nazis and anti-government militias, then I think the community should know who they are."
An NPR article noted that one man who was photographed screaming at a torchlit march at the University of Virginia told a local news station that it was definitely him — but he insisted he is "not the angry racist" people see in the photo. "As a white nationalist, I care for all people," said Peter Cvjetanovic. "I did not expect the photo to be shared as much as it was," he told KTVN. A "Yes, You're Racist" tweet about Peter Cvjetanovic was retweeted more than 32,000 times.
Defenders of Smith and others who have been actively exposing the men and woman at the rally argue that the demonstrators should have no expectation for privacy or anonymity.
So far, at least one protester is no longer employed after being identified. Companies are well within their rights to fire people for their political beliefs, as this New York Times piece from 2015 outlines:
For private employees, who account for about 85 percent of the work force, the First Amendment's guarantee offers no protection from being fired for something you've said, either in the workplace or outside of it, as on social media. That's because the amendment addresses actions by the government to impede free speech, not by the private sector. And while federal laws bar employers from firing workers because of such variables as their race, religion and gender, there is no such protection for political affiliation or activity.
The actions of @YesYoureRacist have not been without controversy. Jon Ronson, who wrote the book So You've Been Publicly Shamed, chimed in on Twitter saying. "They were undisguised in a massively contentious rally surrounded by the media." There's "a big difference" between making a thoughtless or offensive comment online and marching in the name of white power. That said, Twitter is "a terrible information swapping service," he said, and some innocent people would inevitably get caught up in the process.
Tech and Hate Speech
"Neutral" Online Platforms
USA Today noted that the white supremacist rally could be the tipping point for tech's tolerance of hate speech. AirBnb, Facebook, PayPal, Google, and others have come out to say they will be limiting their business with hate groups. GoFundMe has already begun banning donations in support the accused murderer in Charlottesville.
The gamer-focused chat app Discord announced it was banning an array of alt-right-affiliated channels. A New York Times reporter, embedded with a large group of white nationalists on Discord, asked what, if anything, Discord executives planned to do about the white nationalists and neo-Nazis who had set up shop on their platform and were using it to spread their ideology prior to Saturday's events. "Several said they were aware of the issue, but had no concrete plans to crack down on any extremist groups. On Monday, Discord finally took action, banning several of the largest alt-right Discord communities and taking away one of the white nationalist movement's key communication tools."
For years, that kind of ban has been shunned by most tech platforms, who generally promote a corporate, libertarian interpretation of free speech and work to maintain an image of being "content neutral." There has been growing criticism from both the right and the left over the power large tech companies have over our national discourse.
The left has been calling on tech platforms to do more to combat hate speech, and to use the tools available to progressively fight hate. The right's concern is that these powerful tech companies are not going to give their views a fair shake. Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) recently said that he's worried about "large tech companies putting their thumb on the scales and skewing political and public discourse." On Monday, Fox News host Tucker Carlson said that since Google "has the power to censor the internet, Google should be regulated like the public utility it is to make sure it doesn't further distort the free flow of information."
[For more on this topic, see: Silicon Valley escalates its war on white supremacy despite free speech concerns and The walls are closing in on tech giants]
Tech Has the Tools to Fight Hate
"Social media has allowed [hate groups] to spread and share their messages in ways that was never before possible. They've moved from the margins into the mainstream." -- Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League
Issie Lapowsky, writing for Wired, noted that large tech companies have the tools to take a more proactive approach towards fighting hate online, but that the companies still need to implement them. She writes:
Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube have taken aggressive approaches to curbing ISIS activity on their platforms, a type of extremism they handle distinctly from hate speech. Facebook uses artificial intelligence to spot text that advocates for terrorism or terrorist groups, and deploys image-recognition technology to identify terror-related photos or memes. Apparently less sensitive to the free speech rights of ISIS aspirants, Facebook even works to wipe out clusters of users that might have terrorist ties.
YouTube, meanwhile, has gone so far as to deploy a tool known as the Redirect Method, which serves anti-ISIS content to users searching for ISIS-related videos. Now that the Department of Justice has deemed Heyer's murder an act of domestic terrorism, it remains to be seen whether these companies will apply the same sort of rigor to white-supremacist groups.
Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, said, "These tech companies are very sophisticated. They've dealt with issues like child pornography or pirated content or terrorist activity. I don't think any of the strategies are perfect, but applying some of those lessons learned from dealing with other public hazards would have a lot of value here."
On August 13, Internet domain-seller GoDaddy said it was ditching neo-Nazi news site The Daily Stormer after it published a story using sexist and obscene language to disparage Heather Heyer. GoDaddy spokeswoman Karen Tillman explained the decision, saying, "In our determination, especially given the tragic events in Charlottesville, Dailystormer.com crossed the line and encouraged and promoted violence," in the run-up and aftermath of Charlottesville.
Domain-name registry services allow people to access the site's content by linking the address to the actual computer hosting the content.
GoDaddy did not host The Daily Stormer's information on its servers. A domain-registry search tool on August 14 showed the account was transferred to Google, which also said the site violated its terms of service and removed it. After being ejected by three different domain services, The Daily Stormer moved to the dark web, and, later, was hosted in Russia. But by August 17, it was it had been booted from there as well; the country's media watchdog asked it to be taken down because of extremist content.
The Center for Media Justice applauded GoDaddy's decision to drop the site, citing the extreme nature of the Charlottesville killing. "For me, this isn't about speech at all — it's about the violent actions that led to the death of a young woman," said Media Justice's director, Malkia Cyril. "Cutting off sponsorship of violent white supremacy isn't corporate censorship. It's a positive assertion of values and a clear rebuke of domestic terrorism."
But digital rights organization Electronic Frontier Foundation disagrees, saying that all speech should be protected, and that GoDaddy and Google should not have refused to manage the domain registration for The Daily Stormer. In a editorial on Thursday, EFF said:
All fair-minded people must stand against the hateful violence and aggression that seems to be growing across our country. But we must also recognize that on the Internet, any tactic used now to silence neo-Nazis will soon be used against others, including people whose opinions we agree with...
Protecting free speech is not something we do because we agree with all of the speech that gets protected. We do it because we believe that no one—not the government and not private commercial enterprises—should decide who gets to speak and who doesn't.
Journalism and the Power of Words
How to Cover Hate
The horrific events in Charlottesville have sparked debates among journalists over how to properly report on the protesters. In particular, journalists have been debating whether to say "Nazis", "white supremacists", "white nationalists", or "alt-right" when describing some of the rally participants. The term "alt-right" gets specific scrutiny. In the Associated Press' Stylebook, the term "alt-right" is defined as "a name currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists", but, notably, the AP adds: "the term may exist primarily as a public relations device to make its supporters' actual beliefs less clear and more acceptable to a broader audience." On August 16, AP wrote that it was adding "anti-Semitism" to the definition of "alt-right".
For some, allowing white supremacist groups to name themselves "alt-right" means journalists are enablers in an oppressive narrative. In an Op-Ed for Columbia Journalism Review, Shay Tayefe Mohajer wrote:
It doesn't matter if perpetrators call themselves neo-Nazi, or white separatist, or European "Identitarian"...It matters that we call racism and white supremacy by the terms best understood by our readers and our history. These groups may take up different names and pretend that they are new, novel, or special—but they all unapologetically stoke racial violence and promote white supremacy...
Journalists can't allow agents of hatred to set how they are defined. Their rebrand is little more than a cover-up for white supremacists to continue to commit foul acts of disrespect, intimidation, and violence.
The terms journalists use to identify groups carry heavy weight. Examples include gendered pronouns, "illegal" vs "undocumented" immigrants, and "alt-right" vs "racist." Journalists must be aware of the debates over these names, as their choices have the power to enable and encourage cultural narratives.
President Trump Using 'Alt-Right' -- and 'Alt-Left'
The Trump administration has frequently used the term "alt-right". In fact, former White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon, previously editor-in-chief of Breitbart, called the news outlet the "platform for the alt-right."
At his press conference on August 15, President Trump dove into the terminology debate:
Q Senator McCain said that the alt-right is behind these attacks, and he linked that same group to those who perpetrated the attack in Charlottesville.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I don't know. I can't tell you. I'm sure Senator McCain must know what he's talking about. But when you say the alt-right, define alt-right to me. You define it. Go ahead.
Q Well, I'm saying, as Senator --
THE PRESIDENT: No, define it for me. Come on, let's go. Define it for me.
Q Senator McCain defined them as the same group --
THE PRESIDENT: Okay, what about the alt-left that came charging at -- excuse me, what about the alt-left that came charging at the, as you say, the alt-right? Do they have any semblance of guilt?
Let me ask you this: What about the fact that they came charging with clubs in their hands, swinging clubs? Do they have any problem? I think they do.
Right-wing websites, commentators, and Fox News personalities have for months advanced the term "alt-left" to call out violent, left-wing activists.
President Trump's "Many Sides"
President Trump's "many sides" remark, and the perceived false equivocation of violence between the "alt-right" and "alt-left", have left many wondering why he has used such language. This rhetoric can easily be perceived as sympathetic to the views of white supremacists. Was he pandering to white people who voted for him out of a sense of racial grievance? Was he offering his white nationalist supporters a wink and a nod, in effect engaging in racial dog-whistling? Was he being guided by his main strategist, Steve Bannon? Some believe his comments may have a meaning rooted in the disdain he has shown towards "fake news". Jeremy Peters, writing in the New York Times, said:
In [the Right's]version of events, a violent and dangerous left fringe is ignored by news media that would rather elevate far-right extremism as the nation's more urgent threat. This view of the left as unhinged and anarchistic has become popular with some Republicans who insist that Democrats still refuse to accept Mr. Trump. And it stokes the powerful emotions behind perceptions of excessive political correctness and media bias.
Callum Borchers, writing in the Washington Post, noted, "Part of the answer is that he hates the media and just can't stand to give reporters what they want — or admit that he was wrong."
Former White House communications director Anthony Scaramucci on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert said, "I think there's — it's almost like a counterintuitive thing with him, as it relates to the media. The media's expecting him to do something; he sometimes does the exact opposite." Colbert seemed dumbfounded by the notion that Trump's disdain for the media could drive him to take such an offensive and politically ill-advised stance. "Just to thumb his nose at them?" the comedian asked Scaramucci. "Wait a second. You're saying that he does something to do the opposite of what is expected of him?" Scaramucci shrugged. "But some of that worked during the campaign," he replied.
The attention on the tragedy in Charlottesville offers us the opportunity for overdue national conversations not just on race in America, but also on the basic tenets of democracy, free speech, and nonviolence. The tragedy recommits Benton to our mission of ensuring that our communications policies reflect the values of access, equity, and diversity, so that we may work to use communication tools as powerful bridges, not hateful dividers.
You can be sure to follow along with these developments in Headlines, as our country continues to adapt its discourse to the Digital Age.
After Charlottesville, time to censure President Trump (USA Today Editorial)
Trump's business advisory councils disband as CEOs abandon president over Charlottesville views (Washington Post)
Trump campaign emails show aide's repeated efforts to set up Russia meetings (Washington Post)
Carr, Rosenworcel Sworn in as FCC Commissioners (Broadcasting&Cable)
FCC extends deadline for net neutrality comments to Aug 30 (The Hill)
Net Neutrality Advocates Fear Implications of FCC Reauthorization (Morning Consult)
Democratic Lawmakers want independent probe into FCC cyberattack (The Hill)
Senate Leaders Want Lifeline Abuse Investigations (Broadcasting&Cable)
House Democrats press FCC for answers on Sinclair (The Hill)
Google, Facebook ask Supreme Court to protect cellphone data under Fourth Amendment (The Hill)
Hope Hicks to serve as interim White House communications director (The Hill)
Weekend Reads (resist tl;dr)
Who did Trump borrow his press tactics from? Joe McCarthy. (Washington Post)
Sinclair: How a Conservative TV Giant Is Ridding Itself of Regulation (New York Times)
Congress starts work on net neutrality — but does it understand the issue? (LA Times Editorial)
The Open Internet Rule expands online streaming video options (Tom Wheeler Op-Ed)
Why I Was Fired by Google (Wall Street Journal Op-Ed)
Events Calendar for August
Aug 20 -- New Directions in Technology Policy: Removing Barriers to Growth and Innovation, Aspen Forum 2017
Aug 21 -- Community Broadband Workshop (Des Moines), NTIA
ICYMI from Benton
Got a Smartphone? Then You've Got Broadband!, Robbie McBeath
By Robbie McBeath.


The grape (Pedro Ximénez), the soil (Albariza) and the climate (extreme summer) are determining factors in the viticulture of Montilla wines.
Continental. Hot days/cool nights during growing season. Semi arid.
Criaderas and solera system, traditional method involving rows of casks of American oak under a clear layer of yeast know as the "Velo de flor". After it is lightly sweetened with concentrated must. It is a pale sweet wine, which preserves the color and freshness of the Fino with a gentle sweetness that combines beautifully together.
Gold in color with a delicate and flowery aroma. It is a lightly sweetened Fino with a medium-sweet flavor.


A long-time dream of mine is to rebuild and restore two of my historic pianos. They are unique instruments that I brought from Europe many years ago. The first is an 1872 Ed.Westermayer piano, a 6 foot grand piano in a rosewood case. Although this name is not well known, this is a revolutionary piano in it's design and it's engineering, which was well ahead of it's time.
The second instrument is a 1920's Popper player piano. This piano comes with a complete "orchestrian", which is a whole group of instruments in a box on top of the piano, which also play off the player piano rolls.
This September I had the great priviledge of going to Modesto to work at rebuilding these instruments with my colleagues at Eriwn's piano. I was there for about 10 days, and it was a dream come true to be focusing all my energy, training, and experience on these beautiful instruments. I thank my good friends for letting me work with them in one of the best piano rebuilding shops in the United States.
We even managed to get away for a day at Yosemite National Park on the weekend. Here's a picture of Dale Erwin and myself enjoying the views!


The Hair Bow Company has a huge selection of hair bows in classic and oversized sizes, as well as our popular cheer bows and team color bows! We love over-the-top bows and bows with marabou centers.
We work hard to provide you with the biggest and brightest selection of hair bows at the lowest prices around. Our vibrant collections of boutique hair accessories for girls include classic styles and trendy looks. Shop our full selection or browse by category to find the perfect accessories. We sell hair bows individually and in packs and carry options for all ages including gentle and adorable clippies for babies.
Our hair bows will complement all kinds of outfits. From formal attire to casual apparel, a bright and cheery bow will add a new level of fun and creativity to any wardrobe. A popular lineup: Our spirit bows collection features a huge assortment of school colors to add a bit of home-field pride.
Explore all of our girl's clothing and baby headbands for girls and discover just how affordable it can be to assemble vibrant and stylish outfits for every occasion. Order today and enjoy free shipping on orders over $150.00!


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Yeshiva exemptions undermine an Israeli ethos
By Gilbert N. Kahn August 22, 2012, 12:00 am Edit
Gilbert N. Kahn is a professor of Political Science at Kean University.
After six million Jews were slaughtered in the Shoa, David Ben-Gurion, leading Israel during the War of Independence, permitted several hundred fervently Orthodox, or haredi, men studying in yeshivot to obtain exemptions from military service. Ben-Gurion reasoned that the Jewish religious scholarship which was destroyed by the Nazis should be replenished and revived in the newly formed state, and that the haredi community would never grow beyond its limited size.
Before the Shoa devastated Jewish scholarship and Jewish learning, yeshiva study was respected and recognized even by left-wing Zionists. At that time it did not present a financial burden on the State; rather, an elite of full-time Torah learners was supported through communal charitable contributions.
After the State of Israel was established, the military exemptions remained in place. The concept of torato omanuto (loosely, "Torah study is their occupation") came into fashion. The roughly 500 exemptions granted in 1949 have today grown to approximately 54,000 with no end in sight. By 1974, 2.4 percent of those of military age were exempted; in 1999 it was 9.9 percent; and it is projected for 2012 to be 15 percent. Today's haredi population, with the support of their rabbis, is opting out of military service.
The growth of exemptions is matched by increasing demands for public assistance and social services from the haredim. While Torah study is laudable and positive, the unwillingness of the haredi leadership to accept communal responsibility, demand productive work from their community, and contribute to the financial burden borne by the State is demeaning to the majority of Israel's citizenry. By not earning salaries and paying taxes, the full-time learners shift the burden for their welfare to the working portion of the society.
The level of expectation and entitlement which the haredim demand can no longer be justified by a modern state. Even if one were to excuse the haredim from military service and only require them to provide some form of national service, it could begin to change the culture of the society. While some suggest that the military does not need more recruits, a year of national service could have two benefits. It would provide relief and expanded services from which the entire country could benefit, and it would set a precedent that might eventually expand the haredi work force beyond their time in national service.
Nevertheless, haredi rabbis and community leaders — who know full well that only a minority of their followers are intellectually or temperamentally fit for full-time Torah study — continue to demand and justify services and benefits. In exchange for the same rights and governmental subsidies and benefits, all citizens — Arabs included — must provide some form of payback, by working, by providing services themselves, and by paying taxes.
Just as the Nazis did not distinguish among Jews they murdered, so too did all Jews fight together to save Jewish lives. In the War of Independence there were numerous examples of young yeshiva students fighting alongside the Hagana, in combat, in logistics, and quartermaster services. These young people risked and lost their lives to help create a homeland for the Jewish people. They understood the need for mutual responsibility. Sadly, that ethos is being lost.
On the other side there is also a need for those who are not members of the haredi community to accept the more religious Jews as equal partners in Israeli society. Beyond a small minority of militantly secular Israelis, the non-haredi citizenry is ready to respect a community committed to learning and mitzvot — but not so long as that community shirks its civic duties, hoards civic entitlements, and seeks to coerce other Jews to boot.
With the expiration on Aug. 1 of the "Tal Law" — which enabled full-time yeshiva students to indefinitely defer military service — Israel is now in a position to begin drafting haredi youth into the armed forces. In fact, both sides are sticking to the status quo, awaiting meaningful legislation that will integrate haredi recruits without burdening the army or encouraging haredi resistance.
It remains to be seen if the politicians will permit it to happen.


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SitcomsOnline Digest: NBC Renews Trial & Error; Three Cast Members Exit Saturday Night Live
Welcome to SitcomsOnline Digest! The news has died down a bit this week, but we do have one post-upfront renewal for a comedy on NBC, we're hearing about some departures from Saturday Night Live, and we're still trying to figure out what ABC was thinking with that Dirty Dancing revival. Let's get going!
It took a little while to happen, but NBC ultimately decided to renew Trial & Error for a second season. (Entertainment Weekly)
Viacom's cable networks (which have had significant woes in recent years with declining ratings and being moved to cable packages that few people subscribe to) are going through a realignment, and Deadline has a guide to where you can find some of the original programming that has been or will be moved. (Deadline)
When Saturday Night Live returns in the fall, it will be without three cast members who've been a significant part of the show for several years. (Daily Mail)
ABC hyped their remake of Dirty Dancing one of their highlights for the season, and it did bring in viewers, but it was not very well received by viewers at all. (Vox)
The past few months have caused quite a shakeup in cable ratings, with long-time number three network MSNBC taking top honors and long-time number one network Fox News falling to number three. (Variety)
Jared Martin, best known for his role of Dusty Farlow on Dallas, died this week at age 75. (Hollywood Reporter)
The timing seems a little odd, given that the trial for the star of the series is set to begin soon and jury selection happened this week, but The Cosby Show has returned to cable on TV One (after first returning to the broadcast digital network Bounce TV a few months ago) for the first time in years this week. (SitcomsOnline)
TUESDAY (MAY 30) HOME MEDIA RELEASE
Hart to Hart - The Complete Series (DVD, $159.99): Shout! Factory brings together every season of the classic series (though not the post-series reunion movies) in this set.
Who to Follow: Lauren Adams (Twitter), "Gretchen on Netflix Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. NYC. Pizza. Onassis Comedy. Insta: imlaurenadams."
Claim to Fame: Lauren Adams is not exactly a household name, and you won't find her name in the credits of any broadcast or cable network TV series. But she has found her first claim to fame on the Netflix comedy, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, as well as the Hulu comedy Deadbeat. In Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, she plays Kimmy's fellow former cult member, Gretchen, who often finds herself missing the cult lifestyle and wanting to relive it however she can, something that ultimately leads to an unexpected crossover that we won't spoil here in the third season of the series (now streaming on Netflix). We don't know what's next for her character, but of all of the cult members, her story is interesting enough to have her own spinoff based upon the events in the most recent season of the series. While these may be her first roles, we certainly anticipate that they won't be her last, and we'll be seeing her in more comedy series and movies over the years.
Pick of the Tweets: "Happy unbreakablekimmyschmidt day! So honored to be a part of this show! Enjoy some #bts photos… (link)" (May 19, 2017)
Labels: Dallas, Saturday Night Live, SitcomsOnline Digest, Trial & Error, Viacom
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text:
GAMES SECTION
UNRELEASED GAMES
CREATED AUG.07.2003
UPDATED MAR.09.2007
MARTIN NIELSEN
BY SOFEL
Back in 1991 this game was announced to be released by Sofel, supposedly also being developed by Sofel, an unconfirmed release date is said to be 25 July 1991. It was targeted for female video game players and based on an upcomming animated movie which was some sort of sequel to Snow White.
You, as Snow White was to team up with the seven dwarfs and make it through Lord Maliss' evil kingdom to save Prince Charming.
While work on the movie was started in 1998 an actual release didn't happen until 1993 and the late release, NES era wise, might have been the main reason why this game never happened, on the NES at least. In stead "Snow White in Happily Ever After" was released for the Super Nintendo by American Softworks in August 1994, developed by Imagitec Design.
The NES version doesn't look much like the SNES version though, while the NES release was supposed to be some sort of adventure with cut scenes throughout the game, the SNES version is nothing more than a sad excuse of a platform game.


Sellersburg is a town located within Silver Creek Township, Clark County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 6,128 at time of the 2010 census. Sellersburg is located along Interstate 65, about 15 minutes north of Louisville.


Fasting – What is it and why should I do it?
There's a powerful, ancient biblical practice called fasting, and when I say powerful, I mean POWERFUL.
A couple of years ago, well maybe about a year and half ago (I'm awful about exact times), my church was in a time of revival and there was a visiting preacher who spoke of this man he knew. This man had a very powerful prayer life. The kind that only comes from an extremely close walk with God. The kind that only comes from being continually filled with the Holy Spirit.
I DESPERATELY wanted that kind of relationship but I didn't know how to get it.
A few month later, I was at one of my favorite places on earth, a used bookstore called McKay's Used Books and I ran across this book called The Circle Maker by Mark Batterson. I had heard some pretty amazing things about this book so I got it. I also ran across this book called The Daniel Fast by Susan Gregory and it looked interesting so I grabbed it too.
One of the things Mark talks about in The Circle Maker is having a powerful prayer life and praying circles around our needs, but he also brought up the power of fasting. Y'all I had never fasted a day in my life. As a matter of fact, at that point in time, I didn't even know anyone who had.
I had some pretty big "it's" in my life at the time (still do actually) and I decided if it would draw me closer to the Lord, I was game for it. I remembered that I had also purchased The Daniel Fast so as soon as I finished The Circle Maker, I began The Daniel Fast. The Daniel Fast is based on the way Daniel ate during times of spiritual trial and need in Babylon.
There are 3 different kinds of fasts and for legal purposes, I am letting you know that aside from the Bible, the reference I am using for this is The Daniel Fast by Susan Gregory. Consider this my citation.
The first type is an absolute fast. This is the type of fast Moses went through on Mount Sinai. During this type of fast, you abstain from both food and beverages including water. If you are thinking about this type of fast, you BETTER BE CERTAIN IT IS HOLY SPIRIT INSPIRED. This type of fast can only happen safely if God is in it. You cannot safely do this in your own strength.
The second type is a normal fast. This is where you can drink water but not eat. Again, if you intend to do this type of fast for any length of time, make sure you are Spirit led because a fast should never hurt your body.
The third type is a partial fast. This type is a restriction of food or certain types of food. Even though you are allowed to eat, it is no less powerful. This is what The Daniel Fast is. This is the one I use most often. I have done a normal fast for short periods of time but if I know I'm going to be fast for an extended period of time, this is the one I choose unless God tells me otherwise.
I want to stress that the purpose of any fast is to put our flesh in subjection to the Holy Spirit, experience spiritual growth, personal revival, destruction of strongholds, and true freedom. . This is NOT a diet even though you may lose some weight and it is NOT a way to get God to do what you want.
Fasting makes absolutely no sense to our natural minds. There is no exact scientific formula for it. No mathematical equation. But, I can tell you this, God honors it when the purpose of it is to deny the desires of our flesh and draw closer to him!!! This is a power that can't be explained, only experienced. I am closer to God now than I've ever been in my life (even though I'm not as close as I want to be) and it is because of fasting, prayer, and obedience.
Every. Single. Time. I have fasted with the purpose of having a stronger relationship with the Lord and overcoming sinful behavior, amazing things have happened. My most amazing testimony to date happened during a fast. I quit smoking. You can read that amazing story here. I wasn't seeking to quit smoking during that time but God blessed me beyond measure with the destruction of a very powerful stronghold. I mean complete destruction. Yoke cut. Gone. Demolished. Obliterated. Never to be worn again. And I love to tell the story. I love to tell of the power of God.
1. Check your motive – do your desires line up with the Word of God? Are you seeking less of you but more of Him in your life? Are you willing to exchange food for prayer? Are you doing this for God's glory or your own? Make sure this is for the express purpose of drawing closer to the Lord and being renewed.
2. Expect spiritual warfare – I STRONGLY suggest that you become familiar with the 6th chapter of Ephesians and make sure you are suited up during this time because I can promise you that enemy forces will launch a full-on attack during this time. I am telling you now so you can make sure you are battle ready. The attacks can come on the flesh but most of the time, they come in our thoughts. Keep 2 Corinthians 10:4-5 on hand too.
3. Don't talk about it – And if you do, make sure it is with humility. If there is even a hint of pride when you talk about it, even a hint of wanting recognition for, keep your mouth shut. You are defeating the purpose. It is one thing to tell certain people to pray for you during this time or to let people know on an as needed basis so they don't question why you aren't eating or aren't eating certain food, but it is quite another to brag about it. Don't tell people you are fasting just so you can seem super spiritual, uber religious, and get a pat on the back. If you do this, all you're gonna get is a pat on the back from people who really can't do much for you instead of a HUGE blessing from a loving God who can do all things. Read Matthew 6:16-18, Isaiah 58:3-7, and Luke 18:9-14 for the do's and don't of fasting. Don't be a Pharisee. Guys, I know I sound harsh right now, but I promise you, it is out of pure love for you and because I DO NOT want you to forfeit your real reward due to pride. You won't be rewarded if your draw attention your fast.
4. Immerse yourself in prayer and scripture – I read a book by Beth Moore once called Praying God's Word. In this book, she talks about how the strongholds in our lives are like medieval strongholds. We can beat them with sticks, yell at them, throw rocks at them and they are still going to be there. Not because we haven't tried but because we didn't use the right ammunition. She tells us we need something like…dynamite. She tells us that what is more powerful than one stick of dynamite is two sticks of dynamite strapped together!!! That is prayer and God's word combined. After reading that, I realized three sticks of dynamite would be really explosive!!! That third stick is fasting. When you fast and pray while STUDYING the word of God and praying his work back to him, you will experience God in a way you never have before and it will blow your mind. I have experienced God's power in greater ways during these times than even the night I got saved!!!
5. Make sure you are drawing on the power of God – Guys, fasting done outside the power of God, His Word, and prayer is nothing more than a diet. Seriously. You have to want to draw closer to God and draw on his power during this time. Expect this. Even Jesus was tempted. He was the one that said the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. He was the Son of God and perfect so he resisted but we are puny little dust people (thank you Anne Graham Lotz lol) so our flesh tends to win. If you seek to draw on the power of God, He will supply it.
Finally, I am including scriptures that speak of fasting and others that are good to draw on during this time and also links to the books I have mentioned in case you would like to check them out and any others I think may help.


Got Questions? We've Got Answers. Make a Good Pair, Don't We?
What do you do for me your competitors don't?
The two main differences are that our freelance / outsource service is a managed service. If you have to do the work of reviewing multiple freelance proposals, checking references, getting NDA's signed before even discussing the project, and then staying in touch with the freelancer through every step of the project, are you really getting a service that makes your life easier?
It is our belief that type of model is not a huge value-add for you at all. That's why we are different than others in that we completely manage the outsourcing / freelance process for you. Of course, you can be as involved as desired. But you don't have to be.
We assign you a Project Manager, get the details about your project and scope, determine the resource needs, find, vet, and assign the freelancers, and track their progress – including quality of work and meeting deadlines – every step of the way. When the project is finished, we also review it thoroughly before it is handed to you and/or your team for review.
Additionally, we use a proprietary project management dashboard with our teams for all projects, You will receive a log in to this dashboard and can log in whenever you like for a real-time, visual, snapshot of your project progress.
Finally, once we have worked with freelancers who we consider the "cream of the crop", we do our very best to build continuing, long-term, relationships with them. In many cases, we make them a part of our permanent team. This could likely mean you work with the same PM – and even freelancer(s) – on a repeating basis. Thus, they begin to feel like an important part of your team too!
TOPO Talent Connect takes every precaution against hiring freelancers who do not meet the ascribed standards of our brand. With a thorough recruiting and hiring process that includes comprehensive vetting, our goal is always ensuring your projects are kept private and the work you have commissioned remains yours.
TOPO Talent Connect is not simply a database chock-full of freelancers. By focusing on a unique subset of creative, technical, and administrative independent experts, we aim to achieve a three-dimensional, highly-scalable, creative consultancy. Combined with our top-tier Project Administrators and project management professionals and proprietary project management center, our team and resources propel your business to the bleeding edge of workforce innovation.
Are virtual resources hard to manage?
At TOPO Talent Connect, we make it easy. Offering variable models for project initiation and management, we work with you to ensure streamlined communication and project success. With our various engagement models in place, you can choose how involved you want to be in the project process from hiring to closing. We understand that every project will have unique constraints and will work with you to personalize our services in a way that best meet your needs.
How do I really know who's working on my project?
TOPO Talent Connect is proud to have partnered with HireRight and will conduct a thorough background check before any freelancer is hired for your project, if deemed necessary for security or privacy reasons. To enquire more about what is included in the background check services we offer, don't hesitate to speak to one of our Project Administrators, today!
Where do the members of your freelance network work and live?
For all our projects, we aim to hire and work with freelancers only within regions of stability, where laws related to privacy and non-disclosure are made accountable. We diligently monitor and control the on-boarding process, having each freelancer sign an enforceable non-disclosure agreement. We then ready them for success using our specialized, SOP-driven on-boarding processes.
We also ensure that all of our freelancers have full "office" capabilities before they are placed in our network. Most live in the continental US and work either out of home offices are co-working office spaces.
How do I know my information is protected?
At TOPO Talent Connect, we only provide verified, vetted, freelancers who understand their personal liability in protecting your information. Our hiring, SOP, and quality assurance protocols lay the foundation, taking every precaution to make sure your project deliverables and personal information are kept private and secure.
All of our freelancers sign a nondisclosure agreement for every project they work on, making them liable for any disclosure or illegal release of information. We value your business and hope to outcompete competitors who offer much less in terms of both quality and outcome. If you have questions, start by talking to one of our Project Administrators today!
Can my PM and/or Freelancer Make Onsite Visits?
While not commonly needed, in most cases, onsite visits – at the client's expense – are possible. Just let your PM know if this is something you desire.
Can you guarantee your team will meet my deadlines?
Our project initiation process ensures we understand your project milestones, budget, and product goals from the very beginning. We are also well-versed in managing virtual resources on an international front. We will work to find the right freelancer who is available and excited to work with you.
Our engagement modalities cover the gamut from quick turnover, task-oriented, projects to longer, strategic project deliveries. Additionally, our quality assurance protocols ensure that throughout the project, checkpoints are in place to determine you are happy with the work output and that it has been efficiently and professionally delivered. You will even have access to your project process through a web-based project management portal so you can be as hands-on or hands-off as desired.
I'm interested. What do I do first?
Just request a quote and we will take it from there!
Once we receive the quote request, one of our Account Managers will contact you to discuss the specifics of your project to determine whether we can meet your needs and expectations.
Once I'm accepted as a client, what happens?
Once your quote request has been received, we'll assign you & your business an Account Manager and/or a Project Manager. Your Account Manager and/or Project Manager will then schedule and perform a discovery interview – with at least another member of our strategy team – to get the details about your project and/or needs so we can determine scope & resource requirements.
Next, your AM/PM team (Account Manager + Project Manager) will work with our strategists to design a project proposal, along with an estimated timeline and the associated hours / cost.
Any necessary back-and-forth then occurs, including finalization of rate and term.
Once there is a mutual agreement on all elements of your project, you will be sent your client account portal log in information.
You can always find their invoices and other account-specific information in the client portal. Once the starting payment has been processed securely within the client portal, you are then a full client and we begin work!
What is included in the price I am quoted?
At TOPO Talent Connect, our management fee is included on your invoice each month. Our pricing model is transparent, you will only be billed for time spent administering your project.
Your package specifics – including price – will be located on your Proposal Agreement in the "Documents" section of your account in our project management dashboard. Additionally, the price will be shown on your transaction receipt of your first invoice / payment.
Unlike with our competitors and similar services and platforms, we do not require a "deposit" that is held until work is completed. Some services and packages may include a retainer agreement but that goes toward actual services and is not a "deposit." Any time an initial payment is made, this constitutes agreement with your Proposal Agreement.
How frequently will I be billed?
Once a client accepts a Proposal Agreement, a credit card will be placed on file. Clients are billed twice per month—on the 1st and 15th. Invoices are Net 10 and thus, you will have 10 days to review any invoice and ask questions – or change payment source – before your credit card is charged, ACH transfer initiated, or PayPal payment processed.
Major credit cards are preferred. If this is not possible for some reason, please let your AM/PM team know so that other options may be considered.
What are the first steps once we get going?
Once you are a full client, your AM/PM team will set up an account in our Project Management Dashboard.
Next, an appointment will be scheduled with you for an on-boarding session. the on-boarding session is a quick and easy overview of how to navigate in and utilize the dashboard system. Additionally, we are creating tutorial videos for all PM Dashboard processes as well.
How involved do I need to be in this process?
You only "need" to be as involved as desired. We track all of our freelancers and projects through our proprietary PM Dashboard and this is kept up-to-date daily to show all tasks, due dates, and percentage complete. You will have an account that can "see" all of these things as well.
You can check the dashboard with your account at any time to see status – or never check it at all. It's up to you! Either way, our PM's will diligently be managing your project(s), coordinating and managing your freelancer(s), and keeping full tabs on the status of everything to ensure all due dates and milestones are met.
Thus, your project is managed 100% – whether you are involved or not. Be as hands-on or hands-off as desired!
What Kind of Safety Net or Guarantee is There if I Don't Mesh with Any Persons Assigned to My Project or I Am Not Happy with the Work Received?
The first 5 hours of any project – beginning with your Discovery session and culminating with your acceptance of the Wireframe Proposal Agreement created for you – are always "conditional." This includes the proposal negotiation process.
Furthermore, because we have a "managed services"model, our process is unlike other freelance networks. If you are not happy with any work provided, your PM will work with you to revise deliverables until you are satisfied.
What if I Have Communication Problems with Any of the People Placed On My Project Team(s)?
While all our freelancers are fluent in English, and thoroughly reviewed and vetted before placed in our network, we know sometimes people just don't "fit" together. However, our PM-managed services model ensures that you essentially have a "culture" interpreter to help facilitate the relationship and communication.
On the other hand, if you have a problem communicating with your PM, we will make that right too. You will have the option to switch your PM – up to two times – should you feel it necessary (but that has not ever been necessary to date!).
What happens to my account and account materials when we're done?
First, we would love to keep your account open for future projects once we complete any contracted work. However, you are always free to close out completely and start up anew should you desire in the future.
Once your billing is canceled, you will have the choice of maintaining your account in our dashboard (so you have access to past materials) OR closing it out completely. If closed out completely, all your materials will be deleted. Again, you will let your PM know what to do with your account in the main discussion board for your project in the dashboard.
If you decide to leave your account in the dashboard open so you can access past materials, the closed project will only remain up for a period of three months. At that time, all materials will be deleted automatically from the project. Your user account, however, will remain active until you tell us to close it, up to 1 year from date of last activity.
Due to the above, if you cancel, it's always a great idea to download anything you might need in the future. We are not responsible or liable for lost materials or information due to our execution and following of the above policies and practices.
If you have additional questions and can't find the answer(s) in our FAQ's, please contact us and someone will get back with you as quickly as possible.


Succulents in a variety of shapes, colors, and styles add a vibrant burst of color and texture in this La Jolla home's landscape architecture. These drought-friendly plants contrast beautifully with the cumaru wood screen fence, the home's wooden trim, and the geometric paver driveway.
Native San Diego plants naturally require less water, making them a unique and environmentally friendly garden alternative. Decorative boulders and pebbles found on the property are purposefully used in the space, making the blooming succulents pop against their surroundings with this xeriscape style. Clumps of olive trees and an old pine add height and vertical appeal.
Natural grasses sway gently in the breeze, framing the paver driveway and softening the modern architectural design of the home. The design continues in the back of the home with an outdoor living area centered around a large concrete fire feature. A ribbon of Mexican beach pebbles frame the cumaru built-in bench seat. Dramatically patterned throw pillows and tall modern grasses behind the bench soften the look of the space, inviting relaxation and conversation.


The Clay County Bar Association celebrated Law Day 2014 at its annual luncheon today. This year's presentation, "American Democracy and the Rule of Law: Why Every Vote Matters" was delivered by special guest speaker The Honorable Brian J. Davis, Federal Judge, Middle District of Florida, Jacksonville Division. Clay County Bar Association President Alison E. Hickman is pictured here with Judge Davis.


text:
David Mullich
Electrifying Education and Entertainment Since 6502
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How Much Math (And Everything Else) Do You Need To Know To Make Video Games?
Posted by David Mullich
An elementary school teacher in New York recently asked me to write a letter answering the following questions from a 9-year-old-student named Matthew:
What math do you use in video games and how do you use it? What do you have to do to become a video game designer? Do you need to be in a special college or high school?
Here is my reply:
Dear Matthew:
Thank you for sending me your very interesting questions about video game design.
There are several ways to become a video game designer. You can go to a school that teaches video game design, like the one where I teach. However, many game designers I know have majored in other subjects in college –English, history, film, philosophy, science, art, music, or computer science, which was my major. You see, you need to know a little bit about all of these subjects to become a good video game designer.
It also helps to play a lot of different games of many different types. As you play them, stop to think about why their game designer's decide to put in the rules and challenges that they did. Why did they make these choices, and would you make different ones?
Now, to actually get a job as a video game designer, you need to actually make some games on your own. You can make board games using pen, paper, and dice, or you can download some free game making software such as Scratch of GameMaker. A good game designer doesn't just like playing games; he or she must also like making games.
Even once you have designed a few games on your own, it can be very difficult to become a game designer as your very first job in the game industry. You may have to start as a game tester, an assistant producer, or a marketing intern. This will give you opportunities to meet other people in the game industry, and find out when new game designer jobs are opening.
Once you get a job as a game designer, then you can start making games professionally. You are right that all games start as an idea. However, that game idea may not come from you. Instead, that idea may come from your boss, a co-worker, or a client that you are working for. Anyone can come up with great game ideas. That's the easy part!
It's the game designer's job to take that idea and turn it into a complete game design. That means coming up with the game rules, the player's goals, resources the player has to collect to help him or her meet those goals, the obstacles that make meeting those goals difficult, and the different ways the game can end. It also means coming up with the game story, including all the character, dialog, and environments (or levels) that the player travels through. The game designer needs to write this all down so that the rest of the game development team (the programmers and artists) knows what they need to make. The game designer writes the game design as a Game Design Document, which for some large games can be hundreds of pages long!
A game designer needs to be very good at writing, a little good at drawing (for sketching out how games screens and levels should look), and also a little good at math. This is because math is the language that computers (including the ones in game consoles and smart phones) speak. Everything in a game needs to be represented as numbers and mathematical equations.
The very first game I made was a Star Trek game in which the player was the captain of the Starship Enterprise and had to travel around the galaxy destroying enemy Klingon ships. I represented the ship's position as two numbers – the X and Y position on a graph. I also represented the ship's energy, shield strength, phaser strength, speed, and arsenal of photon torpedoes as numbers. To figure out how far away an enemy ship was from me, I used a formula I learned in Algebra for determining the distance between two points on a graph. I also came up with a mathematical formula for determining how much weaker my phasers became, the farther away my target was.
Now, because I wanted the player to be surprised by the enemy's actions, I used random numbers to help decided what the enemy ships would do. I would have the computer generate a random number (equivalent to rolling dice) and then use a table to decide what the ship would do based on that number. A game designer creates lots of charts and tables when making a game, and also needs to understand probability and statistics to have the computer make surprising but realistic choices.
Everyone on the development team uses math – including the artists, who need to understand geometry and proportion. The programmers use math in writing the computer code that allows the computer to understand the game rules, while the game producers uses math to figure out the schedule and budget. Math is used everywhere in game development, but it really isn't that hard, especially when you get to apply it to something fun like making a game.
Now, once the game you've designed is programmed, the game designer needs to test that game out with actual players to make sure that it is fun. If players find some part of the game to be confusing or frustrating, the game designer needs to figure out what the problem is, fix it, and then test the fixed game to see if any more changes to be made.
Being a game designer is like being the host of a party. You plan out what food you are going to serve, what music you are going to play, and what decorations to put up. Then you invite your guests in and make sure they are having a good time. The game designer's job is to create fun experiences for others to have.
I hope this answers your questions. If you have more, just tell your teacher, and I will be happy to answer them for you.
About David Mullich
I am a video game producer who has worked at Activision, Disney, Cyberdreams, EduWare, The 3DO Company and the Spin Master toy company. I am currently a game design and production consultant, a game design instructor at ArtCenter College of Design, board member of the International Game Developers Association's Los Angeles chapter, and co-creator of the Boy Scouts of America Game Design Merit Badge. At the 2014 Gamification World Congress in Barcelona, I was rated the 14th ranking "Gamification Guru" in social media.
View all posts by David Mullich »
Posted on December 15, 2014, in Career Advice. Bookmark the permalink.	5 Comments.
Tapiwa | July 14, 2015 at 2:44 am
what symbol in math do i need to qualify for game design.
David Mullich | July 14, 2015 at 6:35 am
I don't know what you mean by "symbol", but game designers should have a good grasp of linear algebra (since many game design rules are represented as mathematical formula), probability and statistics.
Tapiwa ushe | July 15, 2015 at 12:17 am
ohh sori what i mean is what grade in maths should i get to qualify for game design.
On Tue, Jul 14, 2015 at 3:35 PM, David Mullich wrote:
> David Mullich commented: "I don't know what you mean by "symbol", but > game designers should have a good grasp of linear algebra (since many game > design rules are represented as mathematical formula), probability and > statistics."
Most game industry hiring managers are far more interested in whether you have a portfolio of work that demonstrates your talents than what your grades in school were.
Jack Pepper | February 11, 2017 at 5:46 am
It's tough work and not that easy as it seems.
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The Games & Brains Daily
My daily newsletter on game-based learning, gamification of the classroom, and
game development for kids
January 17: No Consoles For Old Men & Women Panel, Casual Connect, Disneyland Hotel
March 21: IGDA Mentor Cafe, Game Developers Conference, San Francisco, California
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