text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Iron-selenide shows a number of polymorphs including a low-temperature tetragonal ($\alpha$) phase,
the so-called anti-PbO-type FeSe~\cite{ref-gul}.
The $\alpha$-Fe$_\delta$Se$_{1-\delta}$ compound is currently
an interesting phase and has been studied experimentally for its spintronics related magnetic properties~\cite{Feng,Liu,Wu,Wu2}.
The perfectly stoichiometric $\alpha$-FeSe has been shown to be non-ferromagnetic,
but non-stoichiometric $\alpha$-FeSe demonstrates ferromagnetism
that was attributed to defects or Fe clusters in $\alpha$-FeSe thin films~\cite{Wu2}.
Zinc blende-type FeSe was shown to be an antiferromagnetic metal~\cite{gul-jkps}.
Recently, superconductivity with a $T_c \sim 8$\,{K} was also discovered in $\alpha$-FeSe and
was attributed to Se vacancies~\cite{Hu}. Subedi \textit{et al.}~\cite{Singh}
performed first-principles calculations and their results indicated that electron-phonon coupling
can not explain the superconductivity of $\alpha$-FeSe which shows spin-density wave (SDW).
Zhang \textit{et al.}~\cite{Zhang} showed that excess Fe in FeTe provides electron and
the excess Fe is strongly magnetic.

Motivated not only by the observed magnetism and superconductivity in $\alpha$-FeSe,
but also by our recent extensive calculations of FeSe~\cite{ref-gul},
where we considered different crystal structures of FeSe and
{(i)} a phase transition from $\alpha$-FeSe to CsCl-type FeSe was found and
{(ii)} CsCl-type FeSe was the only structure that survived in a compressed unit cell and retained its magnetism.
The tetragonal $\alpha$-FeSe structure with coordination number four can be thought of as the CsCl structure
with an elongated $c$ axis and coordination number of eight.
Since ordered CsCl-type systems have no nearest neighbor atoms of the same kind,
in order to understand the properties of such compounds containing magnetically active constituents,
it is necessary to consider magnetic unit cells large enough to allow for antiferromagnetism.

Here, we investigate the magnetism of CsCl-type FeSe.
We find that CsCl-type FeSe demonstrates both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
over a wide range of lattice constants in terms of density-functional theory (DFT)~\cite{DFT} by using the
total-energy all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW)~\cite{FLAPW} calculations implemented in the QMD-FLAPW software package~\cite{FLAPW-web}.

\section{Computational Method}
\label{sec:method}

Both the local spin density approximation (LSDA)~\cite{LSDA} and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA)~\cite{GGA} were considered for the exchange-correlation potentials.
Integrations inside the Brillouin zone (BZ) were performed using the improved tetrahedron method~\cite{TETRA}
over a $15\times 15\times 15$ mesh within the three dimensional (3D) BZ,
corresponding to $120$\,{\textbf{k}} points inside the irreducible wedge of the 3D-BZ.
An energy cutoff at $4.1231$\,{$(2\pi/a)$}, where $a$ is the lattice constant, was employed for the linearized augmented plane-wave (LAPW) basis set, which corresponds to $\sim 210$\,{LAPWs} per \textbf{k}-point and spin.
A $16.3707$\,{$(2\pi/a)$} star function cutoff was used for depicting the charge density and potential
in the interstitial regions.
Lattice harmonics with $l \leq 8$ were employed to expand the charge density, potential, and wave-functions
inside each muffin-tin (MT) sphere of radius $2.2$\,{a.u.} for Fe and $1.9$\,{a.u.} for Se.
Note that those computational parameters satisfy the convergence test~\cite{Seo}.

All core electrons were treated fully relativistically and valence states were calculated scalar relativistically, \textit{i.e.}, without spin-orbit coupling~\cite{Rela}.
The explicit orthogonalization (XO) scheme was employed to ensure the orthogonality between the core and valence states~\cite{XO}. For spin-orbit coupling on valence states, we employed the second variation method~\cite{SOC}
with the spin diagonal parts of the density subjected to a self-consistency loop.
During the second variation procedure, integrations inside the 3D-BZ were done in the full-BZ, \textit{i.e.},
with 1688\,{\textbf{k}} points.
Self-consistency was assumed when the difference between input and output charge densities became less than $1.0\times10^{-4}$\,{electrons/a.u.$^{3}$}

\section{Results and Discussions}
\label{sec:results}
\subsection{Magnetic Phase Transition}
\label{ssec:m-transition}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[]{fig1}
\caption{The antiferromagnetic unit cells for (a) type-I, (b) type-II, (c) type-III, and (d) type-IV
presented on the basic CsCl unit cell for FeSe.
Open and filled circles represent Fe and Se atoms, respectively.
Arrows indicate different spin directions of the Fe atoms.} \label{structure}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Because the LSDA and GGA results agree qualitatively with each other,
we will keep our discussion based on the GGA results;
the LSDA results will be given where they are required.
The total energies were calculated for the nonmagnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states
using the conventional unit cell of two atoms.
Figure~\ref{structure} shows the antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling of Fe in different planes and
four types of AFM structures, AFM-I, AFM-II, AFM-III, and AFM-IV, were considered and
tetragonally doubled unit cells were used for the AFM calculations.
The main difference among these AFM structures is not only the AFM coupling
between the Fe atoms in different planes,
but also antiferromagnetically coupled coordination number($\nu$) in the unit cell
\textit{e.g.}, the AFM-I, AFM-II, AFM-III, and AFM-IV states have two, four, six, and four antiferromagnetically coupled  atoms,
respectively. Furthermore, AFM-II and AFM-IV have the same coordination number, but the coupling between the Fe atoms is different when viewd in the $xy$ plane. Note that all these AFM structures are similar to the FeAs-based superconductor~\cite{FeAs}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{fig2}
\caption{The calculated total energy in units of {mRy/Fe atom} as a function of lattice constant (\AA) of
FeSe in the NM, FM, AFM-I, AFM-II, AFM-III, and AFM-IV states relative to
the equilibrium total energy of the AFM-I state.
Filled circles, squares, and triangles present the NM, FM, and AFM-I states, respectively.
Open circles, squares, and triangles represent the AFM-II, AFM-III, and AFM-IV states of CsCl-type FeSe,
respectively.} \label{TEFIG}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The calculated total energy energy curve shown in Fig.~\ref{TEFIG} demonstrates that
the AFM-I state is the ground state of CsCl-type FeSe.
The calculated total energies per Fe atom are shown relative to the equilibrium energy of the AFM-I state.
The total energy difference between the FM and AFM states is sensitive to the unit cell volume change.
Since the AFM-II, AFM-III, and AFM-IV states are higher in energy than the FM and AFM-I states,
we denote for brevity hereafter the AFM-I state as the AFM state.
The calculated equilibrium lattice constants for the NM, FM, and AFM states are summarized in Table~\ref{table-A}.
Calculations were also carried out for the optimization of the $c/a$ ratio of the AFM structure,
and the optimized $c/a$ was found to be $\sim 1.985$.

\begin{table}
\caption{Calculated properties of CsCl-type FeSe;
$a$ is the equilibrium lattice constant in {\AA} units,
$m_\mathrm{Fe}$ is the local magnetic moment of Fe in $\mu_\mathrm{B}$ units,
and $\Delta E$ gives the relative stability of the FM, AFM-II, and NM phases with respect to
the AFM-I phase equilibrium in units of {meV/Fe atom}, \textit{i.e.},
$\Delta E < 0$ means that the AFM-I phase is more stable than  the FM, AFM-II, and NM phases.
Results are given for LSDA and GGA.} \label{table-A}
\begin{tabular}{c|ccc|cccc}
\hline\hline \phantom{} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{LSDA} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{GGA} \\
\hline Phase& $a$ (\AA) &   $m_\mathrm{Fe}$ ($\mu_\mathrm{B}$) & $\Delta E$ (meV/Fe)
& $a$ (\AA) & $m_\mathrm{Fe}$ ($\mu_\mathrm{B}$) & $\Delta E$ (meV/Fe)\\
\hline
NM  & $2.94$ & $$ & $-229.97$ & $3.01$ & $$ & $-480.59$\\
FM & $2.96$ & $1.70$ & $\;\;-40.78$ & $3.05$ & $2.00$ & $-171.70$\\
AFM-I & $3.00$ & $2.12$ & $\;\;\;\;\;\;0.00$ & $3.12$ & $2.69$ & $\;\;\;\;\;\;0.00$\\
AFM-II & $2.96$ & $1.37$ & $-192.55$ & $3.05 $ & $ 2.09$ & $ -341.38$\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

The energy difference per Fe atom between the AFM and FM states,
\begin{equation}
\Delta E=\frac{E(\mathrm{AFM})-E(\mathrm{FM})}{{n}}
\label{eq:energy-difference}
\end{equation}
where  $n$ is number of Fe atoms,
reflects the inter-atomic exchange coupling strength between Fe spins at the AFM equilibrium lattice,
is calculated to be about $-205$\,{meV} ($-56$\,{meV}) with GGA (LSDA).
The AFM state is more stable than the FM state for lattice constants larger than the critical value,
$a_{c} = 2.90$\,{\AA}, where the AFM-FM transition occurs.
It is to be mentioned that the LSDA gave $a_{c} = 2.92$\,{\AA}.
The magnetic state of CsCl-type FeSe is very sensitive in the region $2.90$--$2.94$\,{\AA}
and this is the region where FeSe makes a transition from the AFM state to the FM one under compression. The energy barrier ($\Delta E$) can be overcome if we decrease the lattice constant by a $\sim 7$\,{\%} ($\sim 2.6$\,{\%})($\frac{a_{eq}-a_{c}}{a_{eq}}\times100$)
with GGA (LSDA) to result in the AFM CsCl-type FeSe in the FM state,
as seen in Fig.~\ref{TEFIG}.
To be more confident, we used the same tetragonal unit cell and found the FM stability against AFM
in the region where the FM is more stable than the AFM.

It will be more interesting if we know how much external pressure is necessary
to achieve this metastable CsCl-type FeSe.
As we found, CsCl-type FeSe has different magnetic structures and one can calculate
the transition pressures of these magnetic structures.
However, we only calculated the transition pressures for the NM, FM, and AFM states.
The transition pressure was calculated by using the equation of state~\cite{Muri} which enables us to calculate the enthalpy $H = E + pV$, where $E$ is the internal energy, $p$ is the external pressure, and $V$ is the volume of the system. The transition pressure from $\alpha$-FeSe to CsCl-type FeSe is obtained from the usual condition of equal enthalpies, \textit{i.e.}, the pressure at which the enthalpies $H$ of $\alpha$-FeSe and CsCl-type FeSe are the same. We followed this approach and the transition pressure is determined by equating the enthalpies of the two phases of FeSe.
The GGA shows that pressure values of about $24.32$, $20.45$, and $19.90$\,{GPa} are
necessary for the transition of $\alpha$-FeSe to NM, FM, and AFM CsCl-type FeSe, respectively.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig3}
\caption{Calculated local Fe magnetic moments (in $\mu_\mathrm{B}$ units) within each MT sphere.
The inset shows the the local magnetic moments of Se for FM and AFM states.
Squares and circles represent the local magnetic moment of Fe for the FM and AFM states, respectively.}
\label{local-mm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The calculated local magnetic moments within each MT sphere of the Fe and Se atoms are shown
in Fig.~\ref{local-mm} and the local Fe magnetic moments of all the magnetic phases are summarized
in Table~\ref{table-A}.
For both the FM and AFM states, the local magnetic moments of Fe increase as one increases the lattice constant.
It is noticeable that there is a crossing point around $2.79$\,{\AA}.
Below this lattice constant, where the FM state is more stable than the AFM one,
the Fe local magnetic moments in the FM states are larger than those of the AFM state.
Above $2.79$\,{\AA}, the Fe atom has a larger magnetic moment in the AFM state than in the FM state.
The induced Se magnetic moment in the FM state was found to be
$-0.032\,\mu_\mathrm{B}$ ($-0.012\,\mu_\mathrm{B}$) with GGA (LSDA).
In Fig.~\ref{local-mm}, we can see that in the FM region the induced magnetic moments
at the Se site are positive, whereas in the region where the AFM state is the most stable state,
Se has negatively induced magnetic moments.
A slight jump of the Fe moments in the FM state can be seen near the critical region of $2.90$--$2.94$\,{\AA},
where the transition takes place.
These local magnetic moments show that the magnetic state (FM or AFM) is stabilized by
the high spin state of the Fe atom.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig4}
\caption{Spin-density contours in the (110) plane of CsCl-type FeSe for the  (a) FM and (b) the AFM states.
The solid and broken lines represent spin-up and spin-down densities, respectively.
The lowest contour starts from $2\times 10^{-4}$\,{electrons/a.u.$^3$}
and the subsequent lines differ by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$.
The Fe and Se atoms are located at the corner and center of each panel, respectively.} \label{spindensity}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

It is interesting to find that the calculated local magnetic moment of the Se atom in the AFM state is zero.
To understand this feature, the spin-density contour plots of CsCl-type FeSe are shown
in Fig.~\ref{spindensity} for both the FM and AFM states.
The FM state shows, for the spin-density $z$-reflection operation, even symmetry,
while the AFM state shows odd symmetry.
This implies that the FM-AFM transition should be a first-order phase transition,
because a first-order phase transition is understood as the choice of
the representation of a symmetry operation~\cite{Landau}.
Kim \textit{et al.}~\cite{igkim} revealed the spin-density-inversion symmetry driven
first-order FM-AFM phase transition of GaCMn$_3$.
Considering the fact that the inversion operation can be understood as a rotation followed by a reflection,
it is possible to generalize this idea to the spin-density-reflection symmetry driven
first-order FM-AFM phase transition.

In order to check the effects of SOC, we also carried out calculations in the FM and AFM states with SOC.
However, there is no significant alteration of the symmetry driven transition by SOC.

\subsection{Electronic Structures}
\label{ssec:e-structure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig5a}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig5b}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig5c}
\caption{Total and atom-projected density of states of the
(a) NM, (b) FM, and (c) AFM states of CsCl-type FeSe at their equilibrium lattice constants.
Solid, dotted, and dashed lines show Fe $t_{2g}$, $e_{g}$ and Se $p$ states, respectively,
whereas solid lines in the bottom panels show the total DOS.
The Se $p$ states are multiplied by a factor of 10 and the total density of states of AFM FeSe is
given per formula unit for comparison purposes.
The Fermi ($E_\mathrm{F}$) levels are set to zero.} \label{dosfig}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The relative stability among the magnetic orderings can be understood from an analysis of
the calculated density of states (DOS).
Figure~\ref{dosfig}(a) shows the DOS for the NM state of CsCl-type FeSe;
the Fe $d$ states are decomposed into $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ states.
Note that the high peak at the Fermi level ($E_\mathrm{F}$) originates from Fe-$e_g$ states hybridized
with the Se-$p$ states.
The large DOS at $E_\mathrm{F}$, which comes mainly from Fe-$e_g$ states,
indicates the ferromagnetic instability in terms of the mean-field Stoner theory~\cite{meanfield}.
One may observe that the $t_{2g}$ states lie between the $e_{g}$ states.
Such  behavior is due to the structure of CsCl-type FeSe which is typical for body-centered cubic metals
where a pseudogap separates the bonding and anitbonding states~\cite{Book-ref}.
Such a splitting can also be seen in the FM DOS.
Once the FM ordering happens, as in Fig.~\ref{dosfig}(b), one can see the exchange splitting in the Fe-$d$ states,
along with the fact that the Fe-$e_{g\uparrow}$ states are occupied completely,
while the Fe-$t_{2g\uparrow}$ states are partially occupied.
Strong hybridizations between the Fe-$d$ states and the Se-$p$ states are also observed in both spins.

An important difference between the FM and AFM structure is that in FM the effective field split the bands and
hence the peaks in the total DOS, while in the AFM case as seen in Fig.~\ref{dosfig}(c),
the spin-up and spin-down peaks do not exhibit any such splitting and differ only in their relative intensity.
An additional feature of the AFM phase is the absence of Se local magnetic moments consistent with
the spin density maps.
The populations of the partial states of Se atoms are very small in both magnetic structures,
therefore the Fe $d$ states which are dominant at $E_\mathrm{F}$ and
behave differently in the FM and AFM phases are primarily responsible for their relative stability.
Furthermore, in the AFM structure, $E_\mathrm{F}$ does not fall in the valley,
the majority Fe-$t_{2g}$ and Fe-$e_g$ states are completely occupied,
and the DOS at $E_\mathrm{F}$  is very small and leads to a stable AFM structure,
while the FM splitting leads to an increased DOS at $E_\mathrm{F}$  mainly contributed by Fe Fe-$t_{2g}$.
In addition, the Fe-$d$ spin-up states are mostly occupied and
provide the relatively higher local Fe magnetic moment to be $2.69$\,{$\mu_\mathrm{B}$},
which is larger than that of the FM case of $2.00$\,{$\mu_\mathrm{B}$}.
state.
It is to be noted that $\Delta E$, $m_\mathrm{Fe}$, and density of states at $E_\mathrm{F}$ of CsCl-type FeSe
are larger than those in $\alpha$-FeSe~\cite{Singh}.

\subsection{Mechanical Stability}
\label{ssec:mech}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig6}
\caption{Total energy per Fe atom (in units of eV) versus
(a) tetragonal and (b) orthorhombic strain of FeSe in their NM, FM, and AFM phases.
The total energy is given with respect to unstrained AFM FeSe for tetragonal and orthorhombic distortion.
Filled solids, squares, and triangles represent the NM, FM, and AFM-I states, respectively.}
\label{strain-fig}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Finally, an important question to address is  whether this new material is mechanically stable or not.
To answer this question we calculated the tetragonal and trigonal shear constants,
$C^{\prime}$ and $C_{44}$, respectively of the NM, FM, and AFM states,
by computing the change in energy of the FeSe phase under small volume-conserving strains.
The results of tetragonal and orthorhombic strains are shown in Fig.~\ref{strain-fig} and
the calculated values are summarized in Table~\ref{table-elastic}.
Considering the fact that CsCl-type FeSe is metastable~\cite{ref-gul}, it is mechanically stable
in the NM, FM, and AFM phases against tetrahedral and orthorhombic deformations.
The mechanical stability is confirmed by the positive value of the cubic elastic constant
$C^{\prime}=(C_{11}-C_{12})/2$ shown in Table~\ref{table-elastic}.
However, one should care on the brittle nature of the magnetic states as represented by
the shear modulus~\cite{YWu} on
the slip plane $\mu = \left( 3C_{44} + C_{11} - C_{12}\right)/5$,
to the bulk modulus $B$ in Table~\ref{table-elastic},
where all the magnetic states are predicted to be brittle $\mu / B > 0.5$.
Note that the GGA predicts higher brittleness of the FM state than the LSDA;
this fact reflects the difference in bonding nature of the approximations.
It is interesting to find that the NM state is also mechanically stable and rather ductile,
\textit{i.e.}, $\mu / B < 0.4$, in contrast to bcc Fe~\cite{gul-bccFe}. It is to be noted that the detailed mechanical behavior of CsCl-type FeSe at high pressure (reduced lattice parameters) is beyond the scope of the current study. At reduced lattice parameters, the nature of the brittleness of CsCl-type FeSe may change.

\begin{table}
\caption{The calculated bulk modulus ($B$), shear moduli ($C^{\prime}$ and $C_{44}$),
and shear moduli on the slip plane ($\mu$) in GPa units of CsCl-type FeSe in
the NM, FM, and AFM ($=$AFM-I) states  for both LSDA and GGA.} \label{table-elastic}
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccc|ccccc}
\hline\hline \phantom{} & \multicolumn{5}{|c|}{LSDA} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{GGA} \\
\hline Phase& $B$ &   $C^{\prime}$& $C_{44}$ & $\mu$ & $\mu/B$
& $B$ & $C^{\prime}$ & $C_{44}$ & $\mu$ & $\mu/B$\\
\hline
NM  & $174.6$ &  $74.7$ & $73.8$ & $74.2$ & $0.42$ & $142.6$ &  $66.6$ & $61.4$ & $63.5$ & $0.45$\\
FM &   $146.6$ &  $99.4$ & $74.0$ & $84.2$ & $0.57$ & $\;\;93.0$ &  $80.1$ & $55.2$ & $65.2$ & $0.70$\\
AFM & $117.0$ & $90.3$ & $82.5$ & $85.6$ & $0.73$ & $\;\;82.7$ & $60.3$ & $61.7$ & $61.1$ & $0.74$\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

The lattice constant over which the FM state becomes stable is close to that of FM bcc Fe, $2.87$\,{\AA},
which has been grown on GaAs~\cite{GaAs, GaAs1} and ZnSe~\cite{refZnSe,refZnSe1} substrates
due to the good lattice match between them.
Therefore, it can also raise the possibility of growing CsCl-type FeSe on GaAs or ZnSe,
because the calculated lattice parameter of FeSe is very close to that of GaAs
($a_{\mathrm{AFM}} \cong a_{\mathrm{GaAs}}/2$).
The formation energy of CsCl-type FeSe at ambient pressure is $\sim 1$\,{eV/f.u.}~\cite{ref-gul},
which indicates that CsCl-type FeSe is in a metastable state and
there might be a possibility to achieve this structure either at high pressure or grown as a thin film.
Recently, FeS, which is isoelectronic to FeSe, indeed showed CsCl structure at high pressure~\cite{ref-FeS}.
Several other metastable materials have been grown successfully~\cite{CrAs,CrAs1,CrSb,bccNi,CrTe}
using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which is a non-equilibrium process.

\section{Summary}
\label{sec:summary}
In summary, we predict, based on density functional theory by using the total-energy all-electron FLAPW method,
a new phase of FeSe, the FM and AFM state of CsCl-type FeSe .
The calculated total energy curves indicate that the AFM state is most stable with the largest lattice constant.
In addition, the energy barrier for the AFM to FM transition can be overcome by volume contraction.
We found a spin-density-reflection symmetry driven first-order phase transition in CsCl-type FeSe,
as seen previously in the spin-density-inversion symmetry driven phase transition in GaCMn$_3$~\cite{igkim}.
The calculated LDOS and spin-density contour plots revealed the origin of the magnetic phase transitions
in CsCl-type FeSe.
We also predict that CsCl-type FeSe is mechanically stable for all the magnetic states considered in this work.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

The authors appreciate H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia for his careful reading of the manuscript.
I. G. Kim thanks Jong-Hoon Chung for helpful discussions on experimental realization.
This work was supported in part by the Steel Innovation Program of POSCO,
by the Basic Science Research Program (Grant No. 2009-0088216) through
the National Research Foundation funded by
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea,
and by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FGO2-88ER 45372).

\newpage

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Rudolf Buchbinder - all Beethoven and mostly great
Have you been to a concert somewhere in the world recently? Share your thoughts with us about the performance, the more details the better!
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Ricordanza
Location: Southern New Jersey, USA
Post by Ricordanza » Sat Apr 29, 2017 11:04 am
We all hear music through the filter of personal experience, and I am no exception. As I listened to the opening work on Rudolf Buchbinder's all-Beethoven recital on Wednesday evening, April 26, I couldn't help thinking about my first encounter with that piece. It was in my early teens when I watched a program about Beethoven on the PBS TV station. The background music for a portion of this program was, I thought, the most beautiful piano music I had ever heard. From the closing credits, I learned that it was the third and final movement of Beethoven's "Tempest" Sonata, Op. 31, No. 2. At my next lesson, I told my teacher, George Armstrong, that I had to play that work! He agreed, I learned the piece, and later performed it in a group recital.
So with a strong sense of identification with this music I listened to Buchbinder's performance and, in places, found it wanting. Certainly, all the notes were there, but it lacked subtlety. Throughout the piece, and especially the first and third movements, there are transitions that call for a little attention, perhaps a pause, or a slight change in dynamics, that were absent in this performance.
But after hearing the rest of this recital, I could attribute these lapses to the vagaries of live performance. That's the unique nature of a live concert (as opposed to a recording which is only released after numerous "takes"). Perhaps Buchbinder needed to "warm up," for the remainder of this recital offered Beethoven performances that were among the finest I've heard.
Buchbinder's next two pieces proved once again that although there are Beethoven sonatas that are lesser known, they are not "lesser" in any way. The Sonata in E-flat Major, Op. 31, No. 3, is full of fascinating material. The "wrong" notes in the Menuetto are especially intriguing. Similarly, the Sonata in G Major, Op. 14, No. 2, is full of charm and musical interest. Buchbinder's rendition of these works was nuanced, refined and altogether appealing.
When I first heard the final movement of the "Tempest" and declared it my favorite, I had not yet heard the final movement of the "Waldstein" Sonata, Op. 53. (My introduction to that work was by a fellow student of Mr. Armstrong, who played it in a subsequent group recital.) Indeed, the entire sonata is innovative and striking, but the last movement is in a class by itself. In a sense, it is typical Beethoven magic, in that he begins with a very simple theme, seven notes, a repeat of the first six notes, then a step down to a similar figure. It seems almost trite when described this way, but when played, it sounds warm and noble. And then, of course, what Beethoven does with this simple theme in the rest of the movement is incomparable.
Buchbinder's performance of the "Waldstein" was dramatic and glowing and all one could ask for.
In his 2015 Philadelphia all-Beethoven recital, Buchbinder's encore was the final movement of the "Tempest." On Wednesday night, in similar fashion, his encore was the final movement of the "Pathétique" Sonata.
Rach3
Re: Rudolf Buchbinder - all Beethoven and mostly great
Post by Rach3 » Wed Jun 06, 2018 10:36 am
Ricordanza wrote: ↑
The Sonata in E-flat Major, Op. 31, No. 3, is full of fascinating material. The "wrong" notes in the Menuetto are especially intriguing...When I first heard the final movement of the "Tempest" and declared it my favorite, I had not yet heard the final movement of the "Waldstein" Sonata, Op. 53.
Op.31,# 3 is one of my fav LvB Sonatas, also.Also agree about " Waldstein" and " Tempest." I can play none.
FWW, a fav recording of " Tempest " is Ashkenazy from the late 70's or early 80's on Decca. For "Waldstein", Graffman 60's I believe mine a Columbia lp, Paul Jacobs amazing live on Arbiter, and Horszowski live on the latest Arbiter release.
Other LvB's I enjoy , beside the major ones, are Op.2, #3 ; Op.10,# 1; Op.22; Op.79.
Post by Belle » Sun Jul 08, 2018 5:16 pm
Rach3 wrote: ↑
These are all sublime works; with just a very few exceptions, I love the Klaviersonaten von Beethoven more than almost anything else in the canon. This is my desert island music. Imagine my disappointment when I heard Buchbinder in the Musikverein a few years ago with what I considered an uninspiring performance. Same for Barenboim; he just doesn't do it for me. I'm more of a Kovacevich Beethovenian, or Brendel. Or Schiff. There are other wonderful musicians in this repertoire by the score (pardon the pun), but I just mention a couple I prefer to the aforesaid Buchbinder and Barenboim. I didn't leave the Musikverein in either occasion saying "god; that was just marvelous"!!
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Should the Bush Tax Cuts be Allowed to Expire?
I say yes. This chart and blog post from Reuters is informative on the issue since taxes are now at historic lows, and income and wealth taxes are in decline.
And now Sanders may filibuster the compromise and the Congressional delegation may put up a fight as well. Details here.
Other law prof bloggers have taken issue with what's going on D.C. See here and here.
UPDATE: Some interesting info from First Read that makes the compromise seem more palatable in the short-term, but still suggests that it's bad fiscal policy in the long term.


text:
Histories of the Calf Pasture Pumping Station
Pumping Station Timeline
Early Sanitation in Boston
Building a Major Sewer System
Understanding the Peninsula and the Harbor
The Pumping Station and the 21st Century
Inside the Calf Pasture Pumping Station, 1888.
April 2, 2013 andrewdonovan002	Leave a comment
The shaft building and Pumping Station circa 1880's.
(Source: Eliot C. Clarke, Main Drainage Works of the City of Boston, 1888.) (Click to enlarge image)
Boston's new sewerage system, built in the 1870s and 1880s, was designed to take waste from the city and dispose of it miles away from the local population. The map below shows the newly constructed sewers that drained into the one sewer that led down to the Calf Pasture. Gravity allowed waste to travel from downtown Boston neighborhoods that sat on higher land, to Dorchester's Calf Pasture on a lower elevation.
After the sewage reached the Calf Pasture Pumping Station, it still had a great distance to travel before reaching its final destination, Moon Island, west of the peninsula in Quincy Bay. To make the last leg of this journey, the station's massive pumps lifted the sewage thirty-five feet to enable its journey away from the heavily populated city, past the oscillating tides, towards Moon Island.
This map shows the intercepting sewer that was built to take waste away from the old harbor outlets. (Click to enlarge image)
The layout of the interior of the Calf Pasture Pumping Station. (Click to enlarge image)
What's in the pumping station? How does it work? An 1888 blueprint of the building illustrates the various functions of the large building.
The coal house held giant bins to store the coal that created steam power to run the boilers and power the integral pumps. The pumping station was large enough to store 2,500 tons of coal at once, since the pumping station burned over six tons of coal each day. Ships docked nearby on the peninsula to deliver new coal shipments to the pumping station's elevated coal run.
This huge measure of coal fueled two major Leavitt pumps, which ran continuously throughout the day. Each engine could pump up to 25 million gallons of sewage per day. In the mid-1880s, the two engines pumped an average of just under 37 million gallons each day.
One of the two main pumps which propelled the sewage up and out to complete its journey to Moon Island. (Click to enlarge image)
In some cases, excess storm water pushed the pumps to their limits. In preparation for this possibility, the engineers installed two additional emergency pumps. These two smaller storm duty pumping engines were used sparingly, because they were less fuel efficient than the major Leavitt engines. Still, they proved crucial when unexpected amounts of water came through the station.
The two large main pumps and the two smaller back-up pumps housed inside the Calf Pasture Pumping Station.(Click to enlarge image)
Sources Consulted:
"The Boston Sewer System and Main Drainage Works."Scientific American. no. 28 (1887): 351.
Clarke, Eliot C. Main Drainage Works of the City of Boston. Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, 1888.
Previous PostGeorge Albert Clough, Boston's City Architect 1874-1883Next PostBoston Sewerage Past and Present: Other Local Treatment Facilities
A Brief History of Sewers in Boston
George Albert Clough, Boston's City Architect 1874-1884
Calf Pasture Pumping Station, a municipal building in Richardsonian Romanesque style
History of the Calf Pasture Peninsula
Boston Sewerage Past and Present: Other Local Treatment Facilities
Inside the Abandoned Pumping Station
Deciding the Future of the Calf Pasture Pumping Station
Pumping Stations and the 21st Century


text:
Alabama Is Going to Execute Rocky Myers. He Might Be Innocent.
The case of an intellectually disabled prisoner on death row is a window into the many flaws in the death penalty in America.
By Ashoka Mukpo
Robin "Rocky" Myers. (courtesy of Kacey Keeton)
On the night of October 4, 1991, Mamie Dutton was asleep in a bedroom at her cousin's house in Decatur, Alabama. The cousin, Ludie Mae Tucker, lived a few blocks west of the city's shopping district, in a run-down neighborhood that struggled with crime and had been dubbed "crack town" by locals. Around midnight, the doorbell rang.1
When Dutton peered out of her room, she could see Ludie Mae talking through the window blinds with a man on the porch. He was agitated, and said he'd been in a car crash and needed to use the telephone to call his family. "I'm bleeding to death," he pleaded. Ludie Mae offered to dial the number for him. Dutton could hear that he'd come inside the house. "[He] was just a jabbering and his voice was a quivering," Dutton said later in a statement. She heard Ludie Mae say that her husband was in the other room—a strange comment, given that she wasn't married.2
Suddenly, Ludie Mae cried out. Dutton was too scared to leave the room. "I just froze. I couldn't move," Dutton later told police. "I knowed he was doing something to her."3
The man then ran into Dutton's darkened room and stabbed her in the side before running out of the house. She didn't manage to get a clear look at him—except to see that he was wearing a "light looking shirt." When Dutton came out of her room, holding the wound on her side, Ludie Mae was lying on the couch bleeding with the phone in her hand. She'd been stabbed four times, including once in the left side of her chest, but she'd managed to dial 911 and was on the phone with Decatur police.4
An officer who'd been patrolling the neighborhood arrived on the scene minutes after Ludie Mae's call. Ludie Mae was near-hysterical, but conscious enough to describe her attacker to the officers who arrived moments later as a black male, stocky and short, with a "light colored shirt that looked like it had blood on it." An ambulance rushed her to the hospital, but it was too late. The stab wound to her chest had pierced her heart, and not long after arrival, she was pronounced dead.5
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Katie Rose Quandt
More than two years later, a man named Robin "Rocky" Myers was convicted of Ludie Mae Tucker's murder. At the time of Ludie Mae's death, Rocky was living across the street from her with his wife and children on one side of a converted duplex. Today, he's one of 175 prisoners on death row in Alabama, in the same prison where Dominique Ray was recently executed.6
According to his lawyers, the state may be preparing to kill an innocent man. Convicted on the basis of scant evidence by a nearly all-white jury in a trial that lasted only a week, Rocky has intellectual disability, scoring at or below the crucial 75-point threshold for a formal diagnosis in four out of five IQ tests. His death sentence was imposed by a judge who overrode the jury's recommendation for life without parole through a procedural option that is no longer legal. And because of egregious conduct by an attorney working on his case, Rocky lost his chance for a post-conviction appeal—which meant that he was unable to present new evidence in federal court, including testimony revealing that police interfered with a key witness.7
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To Kacey Keeton, a federal defender who picked up Rocky's appeal in 2007, the case is a checklist for everything that's wrong with the death penalty in America. "I think there was an elderly white lady that was dead in Decatur, Alabama, and the prosecution was telling [the jury], 'Hey, we have this black guy who did it,'" she said. "And I think that's it."8
Rocky wasn't the first suspect to come under the spotlight during the investigation. After Ludie Mae's murder, detectives searched her house for forensic evidence. They lifted a number of fingerprints, including one partial palm print, and determined that a VCR—a valuable consumer good in 1991—was missing. Then the day after the murder, a local man handed over to the Decatur police department a VCR matching the description of the one stolen from Ludie Mae's house. He said he'd found it at his sister's house, which was just a few blocks up the road from Ludie Mae's.9
The house wasn't an average family home. His sister was running the property as a "shot house," where people could buy whiskey and beer, and a local drug dealer named Leon "Butch" Madden sold crack cocaine from the porch. Butch's operation was no secret to law enforcement, with one witness in the case later saying that he had a "well-known relationship with the Decatur police." There were rumors that he'd been given a de facto license to sell drugs in exchange for information and other favors.10
"I think there was an elderly white lady that was dead in Decatur, Alabama, and the prosecution was telling the jury, 'Hey, we have this black guy who did it. And I think that's it."—attorney Kacey Keeton
When police called Butch in, he complied, along with one of his lieutenants, Willie "Roadrunner" Raybon. After questioning, the two men signed statements saying that a regular customer of the shot house, Anthony "Cool Breeze" Ballentine, had traded the VCR for crack on the night of Ludie Mae's murder. Butch's statement described Cool Breeze as showing up with the VCR, "sweating and shaking, acting paranoid as hell."11
Cool Breeze was well-known in the neighborhood. Although he was a heavy crack user, his family was respected, with deep roots in Decatur. Soon police got another tip that pointed toward his involvement in the murder. A woman who lived in the neighborhood called in and said she'd seen him run into an alley near Ludie Mae's house on the night of the murder, wearing a white shirt stained with blood. Armed with the statements, detectives put out a warrant for Cool Breeze's arrest, picking him up at the aluminum plant where he worked.12
With Cool Breeze in custody, the governor's office issued a reward for further information about the murder to see if they could strengthen their case. A few weeks later, a local man who'd known Cool Breeze for nearly 30 years came forward to claim it, saying that he'd seen someone else cross the road near Ludie Mae's house with a VCR tucked under his arm on the night of the murder. He'd been tracked down by an investigator working for Cool Breeze's defense team, who found him working at the same country club where Cool Breeze's father served as head waiter. He offered detectives an affidavit saying that the man he'd seen cross the road was short and stocky, certainly not Cool Breeze, who was nearly six-foot tall.13
Detectives called Butch and Roadrunner back into the station for another interview, where both men recanted their earlier statements. Roadrunner claimed he'd implicated Cool Breeze because he was angry over an argument they'd had the night of the murder, and Butch said he'd backed up Roadrunner's statement because "I just figured that's what everybody wanted to hear." They said the story they'd originally told was still mostly true: A man had come to the shot house asking for crack on credit the night of Ludie Mae's murder, returning later with a VCR to trade.14
But there was one major change. Instead of Cool Breeze, they now fingered Rocky Myers as the man who'd come to the shot house with the VCR.15
Rocky Myers grew up in New Jersey, one of 10 children in what relatives describe as a "hard life." His father was an alcoholic, and his mother battled depression after having her first child at 14. From early on it was apparent that Rocky had a hard time keeping up with other kids his age, and at 11 he was diagnosed with intellectual disability (termed "mental retardation" at the time). "Rocky was a misunderstood, gentle person," remembered a neighbor. "He didn't excel like his brothers did." He struggled at school, never learning how to read above a third-grade level, and at 16 years old he couldn't tell time.16
Rocky eventually married and had four children, moving to the west side of Decatur, a small port city just south of the Tennessee border where his wife's family lived. His children remember him as a loving father who, despite his struggles with drug abuse, never left their lives or abused them. "He was there for us. We never had to beg for anything to eat. I mean we didn't have everything in the world but we had him and my Moms. I mean, we had us," said Deon Myers, his second-youngest son. "I just don't have any memory of him being any type of violent person."17
Rocky and his family eventually settled into a home across the street from Ludie Mae. He did odd jobs, scraping together cash from friends and family while his wife worked as a cook at a nearby restaurant. At the time of Ludie Mae's murder Rocky was a regular user of crack, and while he'd been arrested for theft, he'd never been charged with a crime involving violence. When he had the money, he'd walk up a narrow alley that ran three blocks up from his home to Butch's shot house and buy $10 or $20 worth of crack.18
After Butch and Roadrunner changed their statements, homicide detectives turned their focus toward Rocky, who was on probation for receiving stolen property. Detectives called him for a urine test, which he failed—a violation of his probation. Rocky was sent to jail, where he was interrogated. The interrogation wasn't filmed or recorded, but the two detectives gave an account of it during Rocky's trial. According to Detective Sergeant Dwight Hale, Rocky admitted to using crack but denied knowing anything about the murder and said he'd never met Roadrunner or Butch before. But then Hale asked Rocky if he knew a man named Marzell Ewing. Rocky said he did.19
Marzell was an associate of Butch's who, in his own words, "sold drugs, watched houses, and did basically anything he needed at the time." He and Rocky knew each other well from around the neighborhood. So when Hale said that Marzell had made a statement saying that he'd seen Rocky give a VCR to Butch the night Ludie Mae was killed, Rocky hung his head. In the following hours, he admitted knowing Butch and Roadrunner and said that he had indeed traded a VCR for crack at the shot house on the night of Ludie Mae's murder.20
But Rocky denied that he'd been at Ludie Mae's house that night; he claimed he'd found the VCR stashed in the alley that runs between his house and the shot house. When detectives pressed him on the timing of his story about finding the VCR and taking it to Butch, he faltered—first, it was 40 minutes before police arrived at Ludie Mae's house, then 10 minutes, and finally, he said he couldn't remember clearly. When Hale told him that he was facing the electric chair, he started crying and asked to speak with his mother.21
Keeton, Rocky's current attorney, says that his inability to provide a clear time line during the interrogation has everything to do with his intellectual disability, which she's observed in more than a decade of working with him on his case. For years when she'd visit him in prison, for example, she found it strange that he would refuse her offer to eat while they talked about his case—until she realized that he didn't know how to operate a vending machine.22
Defense attorney Kacey Keeton (Andrea Morales)
"He was under extreme stress and anxiety and not understanding a lot of the communication," she said. "Asking him a month-plus out, 'What were you doing on October 4?'—there's no way he can provide a good memory. So you have someone who's intellectually disabled fumbling it, and sounding like somebody fumbling it."23
But for the detectives, Rocky's admission that he'd initially lied, along with his erratic account of the time line and the statements they had from Butch, Roadrunner, and Marzell saying that they saw Rocky with the VCR, was all they needed. Cool Breeze was released, and Rocky was charged with the capital murder of Ludie Mae Tucker.24
Rocky's trial began two years later. The prosecutor told the jury a straightforward story: Rocky's drug addiction had overwhelmed his judgment, and after Butch refused to give him crack on credit he broke into Ludie Mae's house and killed her for her VCR. But there were parts of the prosecution's story that didn't add up.25
To start, multiple witnesses described Rocky's attire the night they saw him at the shot house as black or dark brown rather than the light-colored shirt that Ludie Mae and her cousin said their assailant was wearing. And Roadrunner testified that Cool Breeze had also been at the shot house on multiple occasions that night, at one point "sweating real hard" and wearing a white sweatshirt with blood on it. Rocky had terrible eczema—even the detectives who interrogated him noted his flaky, scaly skin—yet despite the prosecution's contention that he'd been in a violent struggle with Ludie Mae, no skin flakes were found at the scene. None of the prints that investigators found at the crime scene matched Rocky's.26
Roadrunner also testified that the alley leading to the shot house was a well-known stash spot, saying that he himself had frequently found and hidden stolen goods and drugs there. Police arrived at Ludie Mae's house just minutes after her frantic 911 call, making it plausible that the assailant had stashed the VCR in the nearby alley once he heard sirens approaching the area. In fact, there was no evidence at all that Rocky had been at the scene of the crime aside from his possession of a VCR.27
"They had all these people, witnesses coming up, and they would have a given name and a nickname, and then a street nickname," said Mae Puckett, a juror who served on the case. "But with every nickname came a different version of the story."28
Finally, Rocky took the stand. He testified that on the afternoon of Ludie Mae's murder he'd bought crack from Butch and smoked it back at his house. He'd planned to go to a club with his in-laws but when he arrived at their house, they'd already left. On his way back home he said he spotted the VCR hidden under a bush in the alley, took it to the shot house that night, and traded it to Butch for a $20 rock of crack. But he was adamant in stating that he had nothing to do with Ludie Mae's murder.29
Rocky's testimony raised critical questions. Why would Ludie Mae have believed that her neighbor needed to use her phone to call his family after a car crash, and why didn't she identify him to police as her attacker before she died? Years later, Mamie Dutton, her cousin, told a lawyer working on Rocky's appeal that she and Ludie Mae had seen Rocky across the street earlier that day, and Ludie Mae had mentioned that she knew him from the times he'd knocked on her door to ask for ice. And Rocky surely knew that Ludie Mae lived alone—yet on the night of the murder, Dutton said she'd heard her cousin tell her attacker that her husband was in the other room.30
Puckett, the juror, noticed these holes in the prosecutors' case. "It was the state's place to prove that Rocky Myers was in the home and committed that crime. In my mind it never happened," she said. "I kept waiting for that word that was going to tell me what happened and there was never one. There was never that 'aha' moment."31
"It was the state's place to prove that Rocky Myers was in the home and committed that crime. In my mind it never happened"—juror Mae Puckett
But Puckett says the deck felt stacked against Rocky from the beginning. During jury selection, one juror said that if a suspect made it through a grand jury he was "automatically guilty." And she remembers that another juror kept referring to the VCR as "rabbit tracks" that proved his guilt. A decade after the trial, when Keeton took over Rocky's appeal she and Sara Romano—an investigator assigned to the case—interviewed another juror who openly used a vicious racial slur to refer to Rocky and called him a "thug."32
Puckett recalls that at least three other jurors didn't believe there was enough evidence to convict Rocky. But as hard as they tried, Puckett and the others who shared her uncertainty couldn't get the rest to budge. Eleven of the 12 jurors were white, and most were set on voting guilty.33
Juror Mae Puckett (Andrea Morales)
According to Puckett, the group of unconvinced jurors feared that if they didn't find a compromise, the outcome of the trial would be a hung jury. In that case, Rocky would be retried in front of a new jury that could have even fewer sympathetic members, and increasing the chances that he would be sentenced to death. So they reached an agreement: They would vote for a guilty verdict along with the rest in exchange for a recommendation of life without parole. "We were dealing with ourselves trying to come up with a way to save his life," Puckett said. "That's what it boiled down to."34
Rocky was thus convicted of capital murder, and by a margin of 9-3 the jury provided their agreed-upon recommendation of life without parole to the judge. The verdict came as a stunning blow to Rocky, who'd been convinced that the trial would end with his acquittal. "I was very surprised," he said in a phone interview. "I thought I was going to go back to New Jersey."35
A few months later, Puckett was at her home outside of Decatur when she got a call from one of the other jurors. The judge who'd presided over the case had exercised his option of "judicial override," discarding the jury's recommendation of life without parole and sentencing Rocky to die instead. From the bench, he said the jury had been too "emotional" in choosing not to recommend the death penalty on its own and described Rocky as a "threat to society."36
"I never thought for a moment that he did it," said Puckett, her voice cracking. "We struggled over [our decision] for good reason. And if we were emotional, it was valid. How could someone do that without emotion? Would you want someone like that on a jury?"37
Since 1976, when the US Supreme Court ruled in Gregg v. Georgia that capital punishment was constitutional, only three states have ever allowed the practice of "judicial override" in death-penalty cases: Florida, Delaware, and Alabama. In 2016, the US Supreme Court ruled that Florida's judicial-override statute was unconstitutional. That same year, Delaware's Supreme Court banned the practice in that state.38
Alabama's use of judicial override was the most notorious. Before the practice was banned by the state legislature in 2017, an Alabama-based legal-advocacy organization called the Equal Justice Initiative calculated that 20 percent of inmates on death row in Alabama had their sentences imposed through judicial override. Three-quarters of such cases involved a white victim, though only 35 percent of homicide victims in the state are white.39
In Alabama, state judges are elected by popular vote, and they often emphasize their "tough-on-crime" record while campaigning. According to another Equal Justice Initiative study, the use of judicial overrides to dole out death sentences in Alabama often spiked during election years. In 2013 the Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge to Alabama's judicial-override statute, but Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote in dissent that judges in the state "appear to have succumbed to electoral pressures." In Rocky's case, the judge who imposed his sentence was facing reelection the next year.40
An Alabama-based legal advocacy organization calculated that 20 percent of inmates on death row in Alabama had their sentences imposed through judicial override.
Although the practice is now no longer permitted in Alabama, the law passed by the Legislature wasn't retroactive—which means that anyone put on death row by judicial override stayed there despite the Legislature's tacit acknowledgement that the practice was unjust.41
After his conviction Rocky was transferred to Holman Correctional Facility, where Alabama carries out its death sentences. His trial lawyers filed an appeal, which was unsuccessful. Once the appeal of a death-row inmate's initial conviction is denied, there is a lengthy, byzantine post-conviction process that can last for decades. The habeas corpus process offers inmates the chance to present new evidence in their cases and dispute the underlying rationale that led to their conviction. This is the stage in the death-penalty process where many sentences have been overturned on the basis of poor representation by counsel at trial, procedural errors, the recanting of witness testimonies, or new evidence of misconduct by prosecution, police, or juries.42
In 1998, a young Tennessee-based lawyer named Earle J. Schwarz agreed to represent Rocky in his post-conviction appeals. Until 2017 Alabama did not automatically provide counsel to death-row inmates during this stage of their appeal, so the American Bar Association and other legal-advocacy groups sought out lawyers like Schwarz to work pro bono on death-penalty appeals in the state.43
Schwarz worked on Rocky's case for over five years, as it made its way through the state appeals process. In 2003, he received notice that Rocky's petition for a post-conviction appeal had been denied by the state. The next step was to prepare to file a federal habeas petition. "Federal habeas corpus review is a critical stage in a death-penalty case, because it allows death row prisoners to bring federal constitutional claims that were heard in state court but were not successful," said Anna Arceneaux, senior staff attorney with the ACLU Capital Punishment Project. (Disclosure: The author is a staff reporter at the ACLU.) "And federal court—where judges are appointed and not elected—is a very different atmosphere for a prisoner."44
But by then, Schwarz had begun working at a new law firm, and inexplicably, he didn't tell Rocky that his state appeal had been denied. This was a devastating moment, though Rocky wouldn't know it for another year. "Mr. Schwarz decided that he could no longer represent Rocky, but unfortunately he just sat in a room and said that quietly to himself," said Keeton. "He didn't tell Rocky, he didn't call the courts and let them know, he didn't tell the prosecutors, he just quit doing anything." (In an e-mail, Schwarz said that when he joined the new firm, he lost a four-person team working on Rocky's case. "I should have returned the file to the Equal Justice Initiative at that time; I did not; that's on me," he wrote.)45
A year later, Rocky received a letter from the state attorney general's office saying that he'd missed the deadline to file any further habeas corpus petitions and notifying him that Alabama would be moving to set an execution date. Rocky, who could only read at a third-grade level, had to ask another prisoner to read the letter aloud to him.46
In a recent interview, Rocky said when he realized what the letter meant, "It scared the hell out of me. I mean literally, I didn't know what to do. I was shaking and I couldn't breathe. A couple of guys calmed me down and told me what to do."47
The prisoner who'd read the letter to Rocky was represented by the Equal Justice Initiative, and he reached out to the organization to ask for help. Frantically, attorneys working there called the Capital Habeas Unit of the Federal Defender Office for the Middle District of Alabama, asking if defenders assigned to the unit could take up Rocky's case. They filed a habeas petition, but it was too late. The state of Alabama argued that Schwarz's failings were irrelevant, contending that the burden had been on Rocky to stay on top of his case. The US Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit agreed.48
The state of Alabama argued that Schwarz's failings were irrelevant, contending that the burden had been on Rocky to stay on top of his case.
"[They] said, yes, we showed that Schwarz's failures were a problem, but that Rocky even with his intellectual disability had to show some level of diligence on his part," said Keeton. "We had affidavits that showed [habeas corpus] language is above college level in terms of reading and understanding, and that Rocky reads at approximately a third- or fourth-grade level, so that will never make sense to me."49
"A lot of people think that people on death row know the law, they know this or that, but I don't," said Rocky. "I give all my trust to my attorneys and stuff. If I could read the law in the books and learn and study, I would. But I'm not able to do that. I'm not a learnable type of person."50
While fighting for a deadline extension in court, lawyers working on Rocky's case heard a shocking story from Marzell Ewing, Rocky's acquaintance who had testified to having seen him trade the VCR in the shot house. Around the time homicide detectives shifted their focus away from Cool Breeze, Marzell was arrested while driving a stolen car in Decatur. Marzell told the attorneys that one detective had offered to make the arrest disappear if he would say that he'd seen Rocky bring the VCR to Butch at the shot house.51
In a declaration that Marzell signed in late 2004, he said his testimony during Rocky's trial was "not truthful. I did not see who brought the VCR to the shot house that night." He further stated that "Detective Boyd told me that he would take the stolen car that I had been driving and leave it by the side of the road." Police reports from the time support his story: Two suspects were indeed arrested in a stolen vehicle matching the one described by Marzell on October 28, 1991, the same day Boyd's notes indicate he first interviewed Marzell.52
With the door to judicial review shut, the only avenue for relief is intervention by Alabama's Governor Kay Ivey.
The evidence that police in Decatur tampered with at least one witness was a bombshell. It didn't entirely contradict the prosecution's narrative—Rocky had, after all, already admitted to trading the VCR to Butch—but it raised powerful questions about the conduct of Decatur police during the investigation. In federal court, Marzell's declaration along with Puckett's account of the jury's compromise verdict might at a minimum have called his death sentence into question, if not the conviction itself. But it still wasn't enough. A federal judge ruled that Marzell's new statement didn't override Rocky's failure to meet the habeas corpus deadline; even with the new evidence, the case was effectively closed. With the door to judicial review shut, the only remaining relief was—and still is—intervention by Alabama's Governor Kay Ivey.53
Schwarz later signed a declaration admitting that he "did not tell Mr. Myers I was no longer representing him," and that he "did not inform Mr. Myers that I would not pursue relief on his behalf in federal court." The Board of Professional Responsibility of the Supreme Court of Tennessee issued a public censure to him in 2005, saying that he "willfully neglected his representation of his client."54
In 2018, Schwarz was elected president of the Memphis Bar Association, which states that one of its purposes is to "encourage and assist lawyers in maintaining and improving their competence so that they can better serve their clients and the public." Rocky Myers remains on death row.55
Rocky lives under near-constant lockdown at Holman, sometimes going days without yard time because of staff shortages in the Alabama Department of Corrections. In a phone interview in early February, he described a somber atmosphere on the prison's death row, where a friend of his named Dominique Ray was scheduled to be executed the week we spoke. "At times like this is when everybody's mostly quiet," he said. "TV is down real low, you could kinda hear a pin drop." Days later, Ray was executed after the US Supreme Court denied his request to have an imam present in the lethal-injection chamber.56
"When I'm praying, I tell the Lord I'm terrified," Rocky said. "I just don't show it because it don't do any good to other people. But inside in my mind and heart and stomach, I'm scared."57
"When I'm praying, I tell the Lord I'm terrified. I just don't show it because it don't do any good to other people."—Rocky Myers
A former church drummer, Rocky attends services regularly, singing in a choir that meets once a week. His children are now grown, with children of their own, some of whom he met during a visit for the first time last year. Rocky says that being separated from his family has taken a toll: "It's one of the worst things that I'm going through. I have grandkids that are growing up without me."58
Rocky's legal team checks in on him regularly with in-person visits or by phone. "Getting him to understand what's happening in his case at any given moment is definitely a challenge," Keeton said. "We have clients who send us written communications, but Rocky can't write anything to us."59
In 2012, an execution date was set for Rocky, but Keeton managed to add his name to litigation challenging Alabama's lethal injection protocol. That litigation was dropped last year after the state agreed to offer asphyxiation by nitrogen gas as an execution option. Now, Alabama is working on a protocol for the new method, after which Rocky will be given a new execution date.60
The only chance for Rocky to avoid execution now is a grant of clemency from Governor Kay Ivey. Both he and Keeton know it's a long shot, and initially he told her not to pursue it. "I didn't want to be over here begging for my life and stuff like that," he said. But Keeton persisted. "The fact that we are potentially executing a man who did not have his day in court because an attorney screwed up should give everybody pause," Keeton said.61
Rocky says it's been frustrating to watch other prisoners get breaks in their cases and be released while he's been effectively shut out of court. "There's a lot of people who support the death penalty," he said, "But to know that there are people on death row that is or could be innocent—how can you support that, you know?"62
Ashoka MukpoAshoka Mukpo is a journalist and writer who reports on human rights and current affairs. He's presently a staff reporter with the American Civil Liberties Union in New York.
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Public on sale December 2 at: Brian's Record Option, Tricolour Outlet, The Brass, The Ale House, or online.
98.9 The Drive and the Kingston Canadian Film Festival are thrilled to present MOTHER MOTHER and special guests WE ARE THE CITY, playing KCFF's opening late-night concert on March 2 at The Ale House! Mother Mother's new album "No Culture" is available for pre-order now through their website; you can also check our their vip fan packs and special pre-sale information.
You can also listen to 98.9 The Drive for a chance to win tickets and beat the box office. Public on-sale is December 2.
Vancouver quintet Mother Mother delivers melting vocal harmonies, angular guitar lines and infectious rhythms. This three-time JUNO-nominated indie rock band are undoubtedly birds of a new sonic evolution. 2017 sees the release of Mother Mother's sixth album No Culture, following the highly successful and critically acclaimed Very Good Bad Thing, with such hits as Get Out The Way and Monkey Tree. Their new single The Drugs is available now.
Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, We Are The City has steadily gained the reputation of being Canada's consistently exciting, yet markedly unpredictable, cult-bands. Their previous full length, and sophomore album Violent was released in Europe by Sinnbus, in America by Tooth & Nail Records, and in Canada by Boompa Records. Violent (both the album and the film), went on to achieve international success.
Vancouver-based alt-rockers, Mother Mother, today announced their 2017 Canadian headlining tour, which will kick off in Moncton, NB on February 23. The tour will see Mother Mother hitting twenty-five cities and travelling from coast-to-coast before wrapping in their hometown of Vancouver, BC with four nights at the historic Commodore Ballroom. Joining the band on tour from March 3 – 26 is American alternative indie and hip hop singer-songwriter, K. Flay. Tickets will go on sale to the general public on Friday, December 2 at 10am local time.
VIP packages are available November 25 at 11am EST and include a meet and greet and acoustic performance by the band, as well as an exclusive T-shirt design by Molly Guldemond. Visit www.mothermothervip.com for details.
"We are so very excited to take this new music on the road. It's in this realm where the connection with our songs, our fans, and ourselves as musicians truly deepens. It's where the circle completes itself," comments frontman and creative force Ryan Guldemond.
On February 10, 2017 via Universal Music Canada, Mother Mother will be releasing their sixth studio album NO CULTURE. Co-produced by Brian Howes, Ryan Guldemond and Jason "JVP" Van Poederooyen, the new album delivers a timely statement underpinned by the belief that love wins in a society continuously nurturing a fear-based culture.
The pre-order is available now for NO CULTURE and features two instant grat tracks – one is their current single "The Drugs" and the other "Love Stuck" which, until today, has not been available for public consumption. There will also be a special pre-order package that comes with a limited edition clear vinyl copy of the record, four lithograph prints as well as a limited edition poster. Tickets, VIP packages, and pre-orders can be purchased via Mother Mother's website mothermothersite.com.
The Juno and MMVA nominated Vancouver-based band, comprised of Ryan Guldemond, Molly Guldemond, Jasmin Parkin, Mike Young, and Ali Siadat, earned critical acclaim with their first two outings Touch Up (2007) and O My Heart (2008). Their next two releases Eureka (2011) and The Sticks (2012) delivered the top 5 radio hits "The Stand", "Bit By Bit" and "Let's Fall In Love", making the band the second most aired alternative act in Canada in 2012 and 2013. In 2014 they racked up more hits with "Get Out The Way", "Monkey Tree" and "Modern Love" from their much-lauded record Very Good Bad Thing. Since then, they've garnered over 5 top ten singles on the alt rock charts, over 1.5 million streams on Spotify and over 1.3 million views on Youtube.


Colin Marshall talks with James Sie, voice actor, onscreen actor, and author of a new debut novel, Still Life Las Vegas. This alienated young artist's coming-of-age story in the decidedly non-glamorous part of Sin City weaves together Greek myth, family myth, and Liberace, doing so with not just text but graphic-novel sections as well. Sungyoon Choi, the artist behind those sections, also joins in on the conversation.


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Philips and the County of Renfrew Paramedic Services launch population health management pilot
Trial uses remote patient monitoring to provide early intervention to patients who need it most
Markham, Ontario – Royal Philips (NYSE: PHG, AEX: PHIA) and the County of Renfrew Paramedic Services today announced a 12 month pilot that will equip the County of Renfrew Paramedic services with the Philips Tailored Ambulatory Care Program, enabling them to remotely monitor patients in their homes and prioritize them for intervention. The pilot's goal is to determine how expanded access to care through technology-enabled patient health monitoring impacts hospitalization while improving patient satisfaction and engagement.
With a population of 100,000 spread over a coverage area of 12,000 km2, Renfrew's vast geography is the largest county in Ontario. The county's paramedic service is continually looking for innovative methods to service its residents that have an average age above the provincial average. This latest pilot enables Renfrew's Community Paramedics to proactively treat high risk patients in the home. Attending to these patients before their health deteriorates further can prevent emergency department visits and hospital readmissions. For the elderly patient at home, telehealth can afford comfort and increased access to care specialists when they need them most.
"Moving to a population health management model with Philips will allow us to increase the number of patients that receive our support in the community. Our objective is to identify the highest priority patients who require early intervention," said Michael Nolan, Chief, County of Renfrew Paramedic Services. "We know that responding to early, subtle indicators of deterioration facilitates early intervention and prevents decline in the health of the patients we support. Keeping patients as healthy as they can be in their homes is our ultimate goal."
Renfrew has selected Philips Population Health Solutions to tackle the primary concerns of managing the highest utilizers of healthcare within the community, namely access to quality care in the most efficient care venue. The pilot will apply Philips unique approach to population health management by introducing both clinician and patient engagement tools:
eCareCompanion, is a consumer-grade tablet application that allows the patient to have their vitals results automatically uploaded by way of Bluetooth connected measurement tools, including weight, blood pressure, oxygen levels and glucose measurement. The personalized patient tablet application is designed specifically to meet the needs of the pilot participants suffering from multiple co-morbidities and will be used to track their individual health and stay connected to their care teams through audio-visual technology.
Meanwhile, clinicians will benefit from the clinician application, eCareCoordinator, which presents the required patient information in a meaningful and easy to use format. This information will be remotely monitored by Renfrew's Community Paramedics and be used to determine where early intervention is needed most.
Each patient will also be equipped with a patient wearable device to anticipate a fall via the Philips Lifeline with AutoAlert service.
"Philips is focused on providing innovative solutions across the continuum of care to bring greater value to the Canadian Healthcare system, patients, families and caregivers," said Iain Burns, President and CEO of Philips Canada. "We are excited to be partnering with the County of Renfrew Paramedic Services, a well-respected and innovative organization to demonstrate how our telehealth technology improves access to care for patients in the home."
Santina Sandra Giuliano
Philips Canada
Tel: +1 9052014196
E-mail: santina.giuliano@philips.com
Michael Nolan
Chief, County of Renfrew Paramedic Services.
Email: MNolan@countyofrenfrew.on.ca
About Royal Philips
Royal Philips (NYSE: PHG, AEX: PHIA) is a leading health technology company focused on improving people's health and enabling better outcomes across the health continuum from healthy living and prevention, to diagnosis, treatment and home care. Philips leverages advanced technology and deep clinical and consumer insights to deliver integrated solutions. The company, headquartered in the Netherlands, is a leader in diagnostic imaging, image-guided therapy, patient monitoring and health informatics, as well as in consumer health and home care. Philips' health technology portfolio generated 2015 sales of EUR 16.8 billion and employs approximately 69,000 employees with sales and services in more than 100 countries. News about Philips can be found at www.philips.com/newscenter.
About The County of Renfrew Paramedic Services
Since 2005 the County of Renfrew Paramedic Service has been serving community of Renfrew County and surroundings. The Service has seen significant growth in this timeframe with the introduction of an increased scope of practice for the paramedic staff as well as increased resources available for deployment throughout the County. The Service strives to achieve the vision of an improved quality of life for the residents and visitors of the County and has focused on three key strategies: Building Capacity, Synergistic Partnerships and Innovation while ensuring services continue to be responsive, appropriate, reliable, and safe. Both Primary and Advanced Care Paramedics within the Service achieve annual Certification Standards for Symptom Relief and Semi-Automated External Defibrillation and work under the medical direction of the Regional Paramedic Program of Eastern Ontario. Continuing medical education and ongoing professional development and training are the cornerstones for the continuous improvement of the Service.


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Inside the Labs at Microsoft, HP and IBM
By James Niccolai, Nancy Gohring and Joab Jackson
At Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard and IBM, investment in research and development is a reflection of corporate culture. This three-part piece examines the different approaches taken by each of these influential tech companies. Hewlett-Packard prides itself on its pragmatism, while Microsoft holds the flag of basic research aloft -- and IBM continues to file more patent applications, year after year, than any other tech company.
HP Labs: Inventing ways to do more with less
by James Niccolai
HP Labs has seen some big changes in the past few years. In 2007 it hired Prith Banerjee, the dean of engineering at the University of Illinois-Chicago, as its new director. A year later the labs started to narrow its focus from the 150 or so projects its scientists had been working on to 20 "big bets" -- projects that, if they paid off, HP hoped would contribute directly to its bottom line.
The labs had lost its focus, with researchers squirreling away in small groups on projects that, while interesting, didn't always serve HP's wider goals. Banerjee calls the new approach "innovation with purpose." He has arranged the big bets around eight broad areas that HP sees as core to its future, including analytics, data management, intelligent infrastructure, sustainability and, of course, the cloud.
Banerjee brushes off the recent criticism that HP Labs may be underfunded. Last fiscal year the company invested 2.5 percent of its total revenue in R&D, compared to 6.1 percent of revenue at IBM and 14 percent at Microsoft. That's still $2.8 billion, however, of which the labs budget is only a fraction -- in 2008 it was $150 million. The vast majority is spent on later-stage development in HP's product groups.
"People get all hung up on this percentage of revenue figure, but I could spend a ton of money doing completely useless research and development," Banerjee said in a recent interview. "It's the research output that matters, not the amount of dollars you put in."
Plus, he says, the labs devotes more of its resources today -- about one third -- to basic exploratory research that may not pay off for five or 10 years, in areas like nanotechnology and quantum computing. That's up from 10 percent a few years ago. Another third is for applied research, which covers fundamental technologies like compression that can be applied to multiple product areas, and the remainder is for research tied to specific products that could pay off in as little as a year.
Displays are one big focus for the company. HP doesn't manufacture displays, but it sells around 70 million of them each year in PCs, printers and other products. If it could come up with a radically cheaper way to make displays, HP could license the technology to others and also lower its own product costs, says Carl Taussig, director of HP's Information Surfaces Lab.
To do that it is trying to come up with a completely new manufacturing technique. Today, displays are produced essentially one at a time, using a photolithography technique similar to that used for semiconductors. But Taussig and his team have been developing a "roll-to-roll" process that allows manufacturers to almost literally print circuitry onto screens one after the other.
The process could go into production for certain types of screens in as little as two to three years, he said. HP has custom-built machinery running in its labs that can "print" displays at 5 meters per minute from long sheets of a thin polymer material that resembles aluminum foil. HP's breakthrough was to invent an imprint lithography process that allows the circuits to be layered on top of each other on the flexible screens but still stay in perfect alignment, Taussig said.
LCDs cost about $100 per square foot to produce today, and the roll-to-roll method could reduce that to $10, he said. Of course, the big display makers are working on similar technologies, and one challenge for HP will be getting the technology out of its lab and into at least small-scale production in order to show that it works.
Printing, not surprisingly, is another focus, but not the type found in homes and offices. Most of the optimization for those products has already been done, so the labs are focused instead on digital commercial printing presses, a fairly new area for HP where it hopes to challenge the incumbents, said Eric Hanson, director of HP's Commercial Print Engine Lab.
The labs have already developed a new type of ink for HP's Indigo digital press. Hanson wouldn't reveal anything about the newer presses HP is developing except to say they are making "good progress." But he was keen to show off a technology that could help smooth the industry's transition from analogue to digital printing, and thus eventually help HP to sell more equipment.
One obstacle for the industry is that paper mills don't have an efficient way to remove digital ink from all types of paper -- something they need to do when they recycle magazines and brochures to make new paper. So one of Hanson's team, Hou Ng, has developed a "surfactant" that allows digital and other inks to be skimmed off in a foam after the pulping process.
HP plans to give away the formula so that other companies can produce the chemical, Ng said. The idea is remove any obstacles that could prevent the digital print market from expanding.
The Labs' narrower focus doesn't mean it works only on projects tied to HP products. HP doesn't design its own server chips any more, for example, but it continues to invest in microelectronics. In August it announced a partnership with Hynix to commercialize a new memory technology called memresistor that derives from work in HP Labs.
The labs also contributed a video compression technology for HP's Halo and Skyline videoconferencing systems, and its on-demand magazine printing service, MagCloud began as an idea in HP labs. The labs also helped develop HP's ePrint service, for printing from any e-mail device to a printer anywhere in the world. It's also finding ways to bring research to market through its services arm, including a MEMs sensor technology being used by Shell for oil exploration
As part of the effort to make HP Labs more efficient, its researchers must now submit longer pitches that include a business proposal when they are seeking funding for new projects. The pitches are reviewed by business people and technologists within HP product groups as well as by other scientists.
It has also been working to get technologies to market more easily. For instance, HP created a spin-off company to help prove the effectiveness of its roll-to-roll display manufacturing process. It's designed to solve what Taussig called "the jumping the chasm problem" -- getting a new technology from the labs into widespread use.
"That's a missing piece that we haven't always done very well here," he said. "We're trying to move ourselves into something that's more like a manufacturing environment than an R&D environment. It's not easy for researchers to get that type of discipline, but we're getting better at it."
Microsoft: Keeping the focus on pure research
by Nancy Gohring
Leaders of Microsoft's research group sometimes speak with nostalgia about the glory days of computer science research, when labs like the revered Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Bell Labs worked on ambitious projects.
Most of those famed institutions are gone or are shadows of their former selves, victims of budget cuts and investors who demand that every dollar be clearly earmarked toward development of profitable products.
While its research group never quite ranked among those famous labs, Microsoft likes to boast that it's one of the few remaining public companies that still do pure research, including kinds that might not turn into products for many years.
"Many of the other companies that used to have research labs, in previous downturns they told their labs to focus on doing something incremental, to fill gaps in their product lines," said Andrew Herbert, managing director of Microsoft Research Cambridge. "The track record is that people who are good at research aren't good at product development. If researchers get under the feet of people who are good at doing product engineering, it doesn't work very well. The labs get demoralized if they aren't doing interesting research and it all goes away."
Despite the economic downturn, Microsoft views research as critical to its future. In fact, it says that pure research is especially important during downturns.
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Lenthe is een dorp en stadsdeel van de stad Gehrden in de Regio Hannover. Het hoort tot de vier dorpen Lenthe, Northen, Everloh en Benthe die aan de Benther Berg liggen in de deelstaat Nedersaksen.

Geboren
 Werner von Siemens (1816-1892), uitvinder, ingenieur en industrieel
 Carl Wilhelm Siemens (1823-1883), uitvinder, ingenieur, natuurwetenschapper en industrieel

Plaats in Nedersaksen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Page 901 - Gallery Design of Home And Furniture | Sacstatesnow Sphere Table Lamp. Farberware Stainless Steel Cookware. Indoor Outdoor Runner Rugs.
collection of galleries from Home And Furniture like Sphere Table Lamp. Farberware Stainless Steel Cookware. Indoor Outdoor Runner Rugs. and other designs you might like Ceiling Fan Capacitor Replacement. Cute Curtains For Bedroom. Zadro Makeup Mirror. Decorative Metal Wall Panels. Serta Dog Bed. Bed Toppers. Led Magnifier Lamp.


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August 10, 2019 KillerRoboticsBatman, Comic Book, Geek, Movie, Review, TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES, TMNT2 Comments
Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 2019 DC animated movie based on the comic book miniseries Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles written by James Tynion IV and drawn by Freddie Williams II.
This movie is a great deal of fun and is more light-hearted than many other DC animated movies. The version of the Turtles in this movie is a mix between the 1987 cartoon and the Turtles from the comic books by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, keeping the colored face masks from the cartoon but being significantly more violent as in the comic books. It is worth reiterating that Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a lot more violent than the cartoon show, with the Turtles drawing blood in fights and Shredder killing quite a few people, the foot soldiers are also people like in the comic books and not robots as they where in the cartoon.
There are numerous homages to the 1987 cartoon in the movie, such as a scene from the cartoon shows opening sequence recreated in the movie, as shown in the screengrabs below.
Without spoiling the story, it centers around Shredder and Ra's al Ghul teaming up to execute some evil plan and Batman teaming up with the Turtles to stop them. A great selection of Batman's rogue gallery makes an appearance, such as the Penguin, Bane, Mr. Freez, Harley Quinn, Two-Face, Scarecrow, and the Joker, and some of them even get a unique TMNT twist. There are some truly amazing scenes with these villains, like when Leonardo is exposed to Scarecrows fear toxin, or when Bane tries to break Donatello's back the same way he broke Batmans back (It didn't work out so well for Bane, with Donatello having a shell).
There is also an epic scene where the Batmobile drives side by side with the Turtle Van and another great sequence where the Turtle Van fires manhole covers painted like pizzas, a reference to the 1989 Pizza Thrower Toy.
The voice cast does a fantastic job with Troy Baker voicing Batman as well as the Joker, and although he does an amazing job and has performed these roles before, he never quite reaches the levels of Kevin Conroy and Mark Hamill.
This movie is a joy to watch, and both fans of Batman and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will love it. It is one of my favorite DC animated movies and one of the most enjoyable movies I have watched this year. Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comes highly recommended and is a must-watch for fans of either of the title characters. And to finish off, it is worth mentioning there is a post-credit scene that might hint at a sequel…


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Home NewsSports Lisandro Martinez Is Yet To Join Up With The Argentina Squad Yet Due To Authorisation Issues
Lisandro Martinez Is Yet To Join Up With The Argentina Squad Yet Due To Authorisation Issues. Prior to the next matches between Honduras and Jamaica for Lionel Scaloni's team, Martinez and Tottenham Hotspur defender Cristian Romero are having some troubles with their visas.
The two players have not yet been able to connect with their international teammates, but they are anticipated to start at center back for Argentina in the World Cup in Qatar next month.
Due to the fact that Argentina's match versus Honduras will take place in the United States, both Martinez and Spurs player Romero will need visas to enter the country. However, after Queen Elizabeth II passed away, the procedure for obtaining these licences has become more difficult.
Lisandro Martinez Is Yet To Join Up With The Argentina Squad Yet Due To Authorisation Issues. Martinez is rumored to have travelled to Argentina as the Argentinian FA attempts to address the situation as soon as possible. The US consulate in England was recently shuttered.
Martinez, who transferred from Ajax to Old Trafford during the summer transfer window, has made seven appearances for his nation. Additionally, the 24-year-old was a member of the team that captured the 2021 Copa America.
The center-back has participated in each of the team's eight games thus far this season after joining Erik ten Hag's squad. The Argentine was replaced at halftime of the Reds' 4-0 hammering of Brentford in August, but in recent weeks, he has developed a strong relationship with Raphael Varane.
Former Portugal boss Santos named as Poland coach
World Cup Dani Alves hails Messi, speaks on Brazil facing Argentina in semi-final
UEL I'm surprised – Chelsea legend slams Fernandes over comment on Man United teammate


The mark six Ford Transit was available in either front wheel driver or rear wheel drive which was a new direction for the Ford Transit. This gave consumers the option to choose between more space and a lower loading height, or improved load carrying and towing capabilities. The styling of the Transit was also adapted to suite the vehicles of its time such as the Ford Focus.
At MKL Motors, we aim to offer our clients good quality replacement Ford Transit MK6 Engines. Whether it be a standard used engine or a reconditioned alternative which has been rebuilt with new components. We offer our clients the flexibility to choose either option depending on their financial capacity and their needs.
Over the years we have developed strong experience in the engine business, and with a highly skilled engineering task force, we are confident we can provide you with the high quality Transit engine that you require.


This entry was posted on Thursday, October 6th, 2016 at 4:06 pm and is filed under Aviation Industry News, Aviation Jobs, FAA News, Uncategorized.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


Etiquette at the table is a set of basic principles adopted by each culture to ensure good manners for group dining. "Etiquette" when having a formal meal or dinner at home, it's not just about the way both us and our guests must dress, or how we must introduce ourselves as hosts; it's also about the correct use of flatware and glassware as we eat etc., and the way we set our table.
Let's remember people always notice other people's manners, especially when eating; and what a better way to show our best manners than hosting a dinner at home.
In short, "Etiquette" is measured both by the way in which we set our table as by the manners we observe while sitting and eating at the table. This time we'll just focus on the basic etiquette rules for setting a formal dinner table.
We must first decide about the table we will use for the occasion and the number of guests we'll have in order to evaluate the space needed. Usually, you need between 50-70 cm between each diner to avoid bumping elbows and to properly fit the amount of flatware we'll use to comply with etiquette rules.
We must also be sure that all flatware is in perfect condition, very clean and always from the same set: flatware, glassware, and dinnerware with the same patterns, designs and materials guarantee overall harmony.
How to Place Flatware, Dinnerware, and Glassware?
Charger Plate: The charger plate is a large decorative base setting for other dinnerware placed on top. It's placed at a two-finger distance from the edge of the table and as its name suggests, marks the place setting for each diner. We can cover it with a lace cloth to ease the sound made when placing the dishes on top. The charger plate helps to meet a dinnerware golden rule: never present a bare table; it provides elegance, enhances the table setting décor, and pleases guests.
Napkins: It's common practice to place the napkin folded -as a rectangle or triangle- in the center of the charger plate. If the charger plate has a design, place the napkin in a corner. "Fantasy" -fan-shaped or any other fancy type folds- are not for etiquette occasions; these designs can be used for family meals or less formal dining. If at the time of inviting your guests to the table the first course is already served, the napkin will be positioned to the right of the knives.
Flatware: The knives, forks, and spoons can be positioned using two styles. British style sets the fork tines and the spoons upwards. French style sets them downwards. Forks are placed to the left side of the charger plate and the knives -always with the edge inward- to the right. If soup or cream are on the menu, the spoon is placed to the outer right of the knives. Keep in mind flatware is used following the "outside in" rule: always start with the flatware on the outside and work your way inward towards the plate. Appetizer flatware is the outermost to the plate and the Main Course flatware, the innermost. In all cases, flatware must be perfectly parallel and aligned with the base of the charger. Flatware for dessert should be placed above the charger plate. The dessert fork to be used with the left hand, is placed with its tines facing right and the dessert spoon to be used with the right hand, is placed with the handle facing left.
Glassware: Glasses would normally be positioned above the dessert flatware and arranged from left to right following the order in which they will be used: from the largest glass to the smallest forming a slight diagonal line. We start with the Water glass, to follow etiquette accordingly always set this glass on the table and never serve sparkling water. Follow with the Red Wine glass and finally the White Wine glass. If we are going to accompany the dessert with Champagne we must place the flute behind the glass of White Wine, but slightly to the right. It's the perfect drink if the occasion calls for a toast.
Other Details: The bread plate must be placed above the forks. Place cards must be located between the dessert flatware and the glassware. If menus will be included they should be placed to the right side, next to the soup or cream spoons, or over the napkin on the charger plate.
Following these rules will help you comply with table setting etiquette and to surely become the finest host!