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Home » anthropology » Cradle to Coffin: A Semiotic Model of Life and Death
Algirdas Julius Greimas
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Cradle to Coffin: A Semiotic Model of Life and Death
Posted by Culture Decanted on September 13, 2014 in anthropology, psychology, semiotics, Symbolism | 5 Comments
A Semiotic Model of Life and Death
The mysteries of life and death are the bookends of our lives; as a result we find their influence through every society and culture.
'The symbols of death say what life is and those of life define what death must be' (Warner, 1959: 320).
In my last post, I looked at metaphors for how we conceive our bodies and think through our bodies symbolically. This raised the question of how do we think of our bodies after we die, not just when we are alive. The following analysis revealed some interesting meaning-structures that frame the way we think about our lives through the context of life and death. There are some deep structural-oppositions that are present across many cultures that can be semiotically modeled, providing a way of looking at our journey from birth to death.
"A human burial contains more anthropological information per cubic meter of deposit than any other type of archaeological feature" (Peebles 1977:124).
Whilst I don't want to get too side-tracked into discussing burial traditions, it's useful to very briefly and very broadly contextualise this discussion. The archaeological record points to the importance of mortuary rites and inhumations over the last 100,000 years. The ritual importance from the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic of artefacts and tools in graves suggests a cross-cultural belief in a life after death. We might be able to revise this even later; recently a 350,000 year old pink stone-axe was found in Northern Spain. It was found in a funeral setting and the archaeologists have hypothesied it could have been 'the first funeral rite of human beings'.
The roles that burials play in society are complex. Influential here, Robert Hertz from an anthropological perspective has suggested that there is a first and second funeral after death. Simply, the first funeral's role is to get rid of the polluting, decomposition and sorrowful aspects of the death. The second funeral is focused on the initiation of the 'soul' or 'spirit' into the realm of the ancestors. As a general structure, many funeral and mortuary practices appear to follow this understanding today.
Death rituals also guide and are guided by social and kin organisation:
Every burial that archaeologists excavate resulted from a complex sequence of practices that were initiated, not with the death of the person or persons who were interred, but long before, as their social identities were shaped and their individual experiences linked them to others through webs of kin and non-kin relationships. Burials are thus complex intersections of processes of formation of social identities.
It is likely that social identities that were maintained in life, suggest the same status in the afterlife: 'People who are treated differently in life will be treated differently in death' (Peebles 1977). This suggests that there is a correspondence between the complexity of societies and the form that burials take. As a result, it's also believed that the types of grave artifacts are then representative of the authority and status of the living. Although, funerals and graves are mainly for the living, Lloyd Warner, has defined their role as
'The cemetery is an enduring physical emblem, a substantial and visible symbol of the agreement among individuals that they will not let each other die'.
The anthropology of death and burials is fascinating and the scope of its research is impressive. The brief outline above serves to illustrate that while in modern society funerals and burials can sometimes feel less central to our 'secular' beliefs, they have been an integral part of how society and cultures have evolved. From a symbolic perspective, the key themes here are the idea of the first and second funeral: the end of the mortal body and the belief in an afterlife. This provides a structural symbolic-opposition that enables a more semiotic conception to be revealed.
Complex Mother
While I have titled this post Cradle to Coffin, there is a more elementary step that I really could have started with, which was was womb to grave.
And said, Naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return thither
Anyone who has studied archaeology or anthropology would be well versed in the cross-cultural symbolic connection of the womb and the grave. Mircea Eliade has written of the human mother as a symbolic surrogate for the telluric Great Earth Mother.
The mythical birth of Sun Wukong or 'the Monkey King' in Chinese and Indian traditions evokes this symbolism. Wu Cheng'en's story tells us of a magic stone on top of a mountain, influenced by the heaven, earth and sun: 'It developed a magic womb, which burst open one day to produce a stone egg about the size of a ball." The story of his birth is continued: 'Like animals, the earth produces an egg, which is fertilized by the semen of the blowing wind. In giving the stone life, the wind makes Wukong immortal because he always has wind, or breath, within him'.
While Peebles warns of the 'naive interpretations' …of innumerable 'explanations' of burial customs by authors trying to practise palaeopsychology … [in reference to]…'foetal' positions in graves [and other artefacts]. The cross-cultural consistency of foetal positions in burials does point to some shared and clear symbolism, e.g. as can be seen in this Aztec burial, of the Tepanec, from about 700 years ago.
The symbolism here in terms of the afterlife does suggest a more natural and familiar analogy. Simplistically, many belief-systems lead us to believe that when we die we are reborn again, in another form, in another place. The egg-and-chrysalis are analogous to womb-and-tomb.
Life and Death as a Container Metaphor
As I discussed above, the starting point for this discussion was a previous post on container-metaphors. A more detailed discussion on the role of metaphors for psychology and semiotics is covered across these posts. In brief, 'metaphor allows us to understand ourselves and our world in ways that no other modes of thought can." ( Lakoff and Turner 1989: xi). Container-metaphors are a very sticky type of metaphor. We use them cross-culturally to refer to our bodies as vessels for emotions. When we talk of emotions, a person has spirit. More broadly we believe they are also symbolic of vessels for different conceptions of 'self' or the 'soul'.
We start our lives in a container and we end our lives in a container. We all start in a womb and end it today in a coffin or cremation urn. The same symbolism that we find 100,000 years ago is continued today in many different cultural expressions. The one constant through this entire span of time are our mothers' wombs. If this is taken as the starting point for the creation of a semiotic model, we can provide a structural model that accounts for all types of burial in anthropology, mythology and even science fiction.
There are two parts to explore moving forward.
The first is the introduction of the semiotic modelling with examples of the key meaning oppositions.
The second is to think of cultural examples, from antiquity to today that can illustrate and verify this semiotic analysis.
Semiotic Square of Life and Death: Container Metaphors
The model I am going to use is a semiotic square that was developed by Algirdas Julius Greimas, which is a simple way to map out complex underlying structural meanings.
These axes can be defined – recalling the labels used here are from a container-metaphoric perspective:
Womb – clearly the womb is the starting point of life. It is that which 'creates life'.
Cauldron – If we think of witch stories, they 'eat life'. Hansel and Gretel are fattened up to be boiled in either the Cauldron or Oven, is a symbolic corruption and contriety of the life giving womb.
Coffins – sarcophagus in translation means 'flesh eater'. This is the contradiction of the womb which grows new life and flesh. The difference from the Cauldron is that it doesn't eat living flesh.
Vessels – there are many pots and jars that are used in burials that preserve body parts for the afterlife. The contradiction: If the cauldron eats life, the funeral vessels preserve bodies. This is the sub-contriety of the coffin.
This model also reveals some deeper structural themes:
Womb – is about wet growth – the umbilical fluids supporting life
Cauldron – is wet decay – water is the element of decay
Coffin – is about dry decay – we desiccate in coffins
Vessels – about dry growth – moisture is removed from organs in mummification.
The correct challenge to any such modelling is, does this model hold water? To explore this, I'm going to explore each of the four container-metaphors here in turn. I'm also going to be eclectic in my examples, mainly because I'm interested in both ancient and modern expressions of culture and where they align.
Semiotic axis: Womb
This should be self-explanatory. However, if we broaden the discussion to womb-symbolism, in terms of 'creates life' it easy to find examples in the 'cradle'
There are many mythical stories from Moses to Hercules, where the hero is protected by a man made 'womb' in the form of a cradle. To more modern versions are the incredible humidicribs which are technological wombs; to the fantastic in the origins of Superman, in a custom space-cradle Kal-el was sent to earth.
The technological womb is not always positive. In the Matrix trilogy, the artificial wombs were a form of enslavement.
Semiotic Axis: Cauldron or Oven
The symbolism of the cauldron, as the favourite vessel for 'witches' to eat life, is a consistent theme across folklore and mythology. The Latin origins of the word literally mean 'hot bath' which fits with the wet/decay meaning axis.
The associations here of the dark-womb aren't always supernatural, there are also many examples of being 'boiled to death' as a punishment across different cultures. It was a punishment that was legal at the time of Henry VIII, being passed as an act in 1531. There are different cultural examples such in the Sikh example of 'On the 9th November, 1675 A.D., the Qazis ordered that Bhai Dayal Dass be seated in a cauldron of boiling water' ends with the description 'His flesh separated from his bones and his soul merged into the Supreme Being'.
There are also links that are more literal to the symbolism, suggested here where the unsubstantiated claims that African 'cannibals' boiled missionaries in steel pots have flourished in popular culture. Cannibalism is a very literal form of eating life.
This is, of course, referring to the specific 'evil' use of the cauldron. There are positive symbolic associations with the cauldron, which position it a direct symbol for the power of the mother's womb. The Grail in Arthurian Legends, as the cup of life, has a heritage in being known as a cauldron of life. This suggests that cauldrons could be seen as 'wombs' in more positive and life giving symbolic frame. Another example is from the welsh text Mabinogi, the second branch tells of a magical cauldron that
'…the peculiarity of the cauldron is this: a man who is killed today and thrown in the cauldron, by the next day he will be as good as he was at his best, except he will not be able to talk.'
The cauldron then has two symbolic faces, both of which are linked by the symbolism of being a source of life or something that eats life. The symbolism here continues through different examples that speak across the wet/decay axis of meaning.
Semiotic Axis: Coffin
The coffin is probably the easiest to understand, in the context of symbolism. If the womb is a living and life giving 'wet' environment, the coffin is a dead and drying environment. If we think of how we think of aging, it's a journey from elastic, fresh, subtle skin to dry, wrinkled and cracked skin – it's a process of desiccation to the bone. I looked at some of the implications of this symbolism in an earlier post. If we recall Robert Hertz definition of the first funeral above, the role of the coffin is to separate and demark the corruption and pollution of the dead.
It is interesting that Dracula myths, in their many tellings, present the inverse of this.
They present the 'holy' undead with a refuge from the life giving daylight, which they need to hide from in their coffins. Although, the novel Dracula still ties the life force of the vampire to mother earth:
'There, in one of the great boxes, of which there were fifty in all, on a pile of newly dug earth, lay the Count! He was either dead or asleep, I could not say which—for the eyes were open and stony, but without the glassiness of death—and the cheeks had the warmth of life through all their pallor; the lips were as red as ever. But there was no sign of movement, no pulse, no breath, no beating of the heart. '
We can see the consistency of this symbolism in the etymology of the word coffin, which derives from the Latin cophinus which means basket. The modern French couffin means cradle.
One of the most prominent phobias, speaks to the negation of the coffin – life. Taphophobia is the fear of being buried alive, and it is a persistent theme in movies and literature.
Semiotic Axis: Vessel
Of all the four axes, the 'vessel' shows the most diversity in culture. The reason for this is that it symbolically evokes the second funeral, the possibility of the afterlife.
From the model, the 'vessel' is in meaning-opposition to the cauldron. If the cauldron eats life, the vessel prolongs or regenerates it.
The etymology of the word cemetery comes from the Greek koimeterion and the Latin coemetrium, both words for sleeping chamber. Framing death as sleep, was common in the Bible, eg. The Old Testament in Daniel 12:2 describes the dead as "those who sleep in the dust of the earth," who later "shall awake" through being resurrected. Sleep and dreams have long been associated with the spirit or dream world across many cultures. Living on into the next life is a form of resurrection after death.
There are many cultural expressions of this. Perhaps the most famous in antiquity were the Canopic Jars of the Egyptians, from about 700BC, which preserved the organs of the dead for the afterlife.
This is a powerful theme in religion which almost universally speaks to the promise of a life after this one, eg. The Life of Jesus speaks across many of these themes. He was born from Mary, into a manger (a form of cradle). The manger scene prefigures his resurrection from the Cave of Calvary – a womb symbol – transfigured through this rebirth.
From a very different tangent, this is a theme that is a very popular one across science fiction.
The series Stargate follows loosely the myths and religion of ancient Egypt. In their story telling, the sarcophagus of the Goa'uld (evil aliens) regenerate and prolong the lives of their human hosts. The medical bays in Alien perform a similar function. In Star Trek Enterprise the medical bay directly evokes the Christian symbolism – if you look at the entrance, you can see the cut-out of the Ringed-Cross the symbol of Christs resurrection.
In the film Cocoon, the role of the 'vessel' is more multi-faceted.
Here we see aliens returning for lost comrades. They have preserved their lives by remaining dormant in vessels – that look more like organic eggs (wombs). When they are in their natural forms they look like souls, suggesting they have already made the journey to the otherside.
Of course, one of the most unique variations on these themes is that of Dr Who.
The Tardis is a regeneration chamber for the Doctor, a Time Lord. The story integrally links the Tardis to his life; the Tardis is his source of regeneration…currently rebooted Dr Who to the impossible number 13.
It seems easy to find examples of the 'magical' or 'science fiction' expressions of this meaning axis. So, I'll finish on an archaeological example that can illustrate many of these themes. Amongst the finds of the Neolithic settlements in the Republic of Macedonia, there are some amazing figurines with a very specific symbolism. These come in a wide and diverse range of design but all share the same characteristics of very feminine torsos, where the house represents the part of the body where the reproductive organs are.
Goce Naumov, believes that:
'On one of the example, the belly is represented in the state of pregnancy, suggesting the figurine symbolically bears the embryo where the house is placed…It can be concluded that in the Neolithic, the house was conceived as a space with exclusively feminine features and symbolic functions – conception, incubation, birth and growth. Consequently, we can interpret the burial of the deceased (in foetal position) inside the house as a metaphor for the fetus in the womb'
Furthermore, it appears that the oven (cauldron) and woman's body were perceived as being analogous
In that context, the hearth and oven had symbolic meaning with the same metaphoric function as those organs of a women's abdomen which stimulate the conception and development of the embryo. Food was prepared near these structures, created, and afterwards through the cooking, baking or roasting process, was transformed into sustenance in a changed form and character. The shape of the Neolithic ovens, their power to modify and also their radiant heat, can also suggest a semantic relationship to the key features of the women's abdomen. Some anthropomorphic models of ovens indicate that during the rites, they were perceived as human body or as mythic figures with human features
Naumov notes that more broadly: 'Placing dead infants in symbolic 'wombs' occurred not only in the case of houses, ovens and bags, but also in vessels'. There does appear to be a symbolic equivalence between pots and wombs across different cultures e.g. Similar practices can be found across eastern, western and southern Africa.
What is interesting about the anthropomorphic / architectonic vessels is the use of the house as a symbol here. There are close parallels of these house-vessels from Hungary to modern Israel. Nikos Čausidis suggests that the house symbol itself is a type of container-metaphor that is analogous to the womb:
'The uterus represents the first-prenatal spatial experience of human beings. Even after birth, humans experience the house as a womb in which they are enclosed, protected, warm, nourished and safe. The house, in the same way as the mother, protects them from the unpleasant and uncomprehending outer world. The house becomes a model for understanding the universe
In the creation of the semiotic model of this thinking, I've chosen a couple of meaning axis names that some might challenge. For the 'cauldron', the way that I got there was by thinking through the archetypal psychology of the mother. We find that in myths and folklore, her shadow is the witch. Amongst many other characteristics, witches eat babies and children. If mothers create and nurture life, then the anti-womb must be about eating or destroying life.
One of my favourite witch stories comes from this region, are the stories of Baba Yaga the witch.
Now deep in this forest, as the stepmother well knew, there was a green lawn and on the lawn stood a miserable little hut on hens' legs, where a certain Baba Yaga, an old witch grandmother lived.
If the house can be seen as a metaphor for a womb; then this symbolism, like the cauldron, should have an evil version that is about eating life. A hut that walks on chicken legs as the home of an infamous witch, might foot the bill. It also provides a further insight to how the model can be challenged and evolved
For something that is as quintessential to the human experience as 'the power of life and death', it is not surprising that we have developed some complex symbolism and semiotic structures for expressing it. What is interesting when we consider the diversity of thought in in the vessel-axis, is that as secular and de-religioned as man has become, we are still fascinated with the idea of prolonging life or challenging ourselves to whether there is an afterlife.
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gossamer1941 September 17, 2014
In this centenary year of the Great War of 1914 the remembrance of the sacrificial dead is commemorated symbolically. The brotherhood of man sheds a tear and unites the human family as one might grieve a close relation. Each religion claims a better destination for its adherents even though confusion and contradiction rather than truth reigns. Ancient burials seems to have increased the material aids to passing into the next world even, at times, spouses sacrificed to assist the journey together. More often valuable art and artefacts have drawn our interest. Today more practical or soothing aids to 'passing' are expressed as spiritual rather than material thereby disappointing future grave robbers and archaeologists. The symbolism of life and death – wombs and coffins – starts and ends – fall easily as illustrations to other life situations. Life cycles follow such patterns. We enter school as babes and leave as educated adults. We commence employment naïve and then mature to management or higher skill. And religions just couldn't survive without predictions of afterlife. Good or bad destinations, threats and rewards, give power to all religions. Religious promises of afterlife rewards keeps the meek meeker, the down trodden quiet, the rebellious threatened and the unthinking tame. But I digress.
Great research and provocative work from your skill set – thank you
Culture Decanted Post authorSeptember 17, 2014
It's interesting if you look at the etymology of the word religion. It comes from the Latin 'religio' – re (return) + ligare (to bind, fasten or tie). This is similar to the word 'ligament'.
So much symbolism of the prehistoric era was influenced by the rhythms and cycles of nature. Not understanding these cosmic forces and considering the narrative-psychology of our brains, belief-systems let us to imagine authors we could not comprehend. As Voltaire observed, ' If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him'. If you look at the early gods, nature and war are prominent in many belief-systems. Suggesting their primordial roles as forces we are looking deeper meaning in.
Religions as we understand them today, come from adherence to a particular code of belief. We bind our thoughts, beliefs and behavour to them.
Even if we don't want to bind ourselves to a prescribed code, the current movements of positive -psychology suggest it something beneficial for an individual to have a spiritual side – as something that is part of healthy psychological behavour.
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ABSTRACT aureus strains, isolated from solid surfaces at
Food contact surface poses a threat of becoming a vector for the transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to food and to other food contact surfaces that may lead to food poisoning. S. aureus adheres to these surfaces, forms biofilms that enhance its capacity to survive food-related environments such as refrigeration, salinity, acidity and sanitization. The resistant biofilm-adhered cells can detach from the surface and easily contaminate food as it passes the surfaces bearing the toxins with them. In Malaysia, S. aureus has been isolated from food service environment but their survival against antibiotics was not investigated. The study aims to isolate and determine the presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from cleaned food contact surfaces. This evaluates the capability of S. aureus strains, isolated from solid surfaces at 45 food premises in Sri Serdang, Selangor including UPM resistance toward five different classes of antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates will be determined using disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) and Nutrient Agar (NA) at 37ºC incubation temperature. The study would also assess the effects of antibiotic susceptibility on S. aureus from food contact surfaces. It is expec ted that the survival of S. aureus on food contact surfaces provides a fundamental knowledge on their resistance against antibiotics towards improving strategies to prevent food contamination.
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterial known as a major human pathogen causing a wide range infection. It was capable in emerging biofilms formation mainly on the food processing surfaces. This would lead to the pathway of foods cross contamination (Ciccio et al., 2015). Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that produce enterotoxin (Schelin et al., 2011). An occurrence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in food caused one the most frequent microbial diseases which known as Gastroenteritis. Staphylococcal food poisoning caused by the enterotoxigenic producing S. aureus which is main foodborne disease throughout the world (Argudín et al., 2010). The high prevalence of the staphylococci in animal source raw foods demands effectiveness in processing for safety. However, the staphylococcal intoxication endures a very popular food poisoning. Ciccio et al., (2015) stated that the food contact surfaces with the presence of S. aureus are respected as a health threat.
The lack of hygiene practices among food handlers can particularly during preparation contaminate food-contact surfaces such as cutting boards and these have been found to be the major factors involved in the contamination of food products (DeVita et al., 2007; Sattar et al., 2001; Simon and Sanjeev, 2007). In Malaysia, antibiotic resistant S. aureus have been reported from dairy products (Sasidharan et al., 2011), foods and nares of food handlers (Noor-Azira et al. 2012) and food handlers hand at food service premises (Tan et al., 2014), but their survival on food contact surfaces and resistance to disinfectants was not investigated.
Staphylococcus aureus is infamous with the ability to become antibiotics resistant. Resistant strains toward antibiotic usually caused an infection that occurred in epidemic effect initiated by one or a few successful clones. Chambers and DeLeo (2009) stated that Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is obviously appeared during these epidemics. Historically related with healthcare settings, MRSA presently has occurred as an extensive cause of public infections. Supposed community or community-associated MRSA spreads promptly among individuals with good health. There is the reason for concern since the MRSA can freely become resistant to multiple antibiotics, thus limiting the treatment options.
Staphylococcus aureus is biologically susceptible to almost in every antibiotic that has ever been developed. Resistance is often acquired by horizontal transfer from external sources to the genes, though the antibiotic selection and mutation for chromosomal are also important. This exquisite susceptibility of S. aureus headed to penicillin discovery by Alexander Fleming's, leading in the "antibiotic era". Penicillin was greatly a miracle drug that consistently fatal infections could be cured. Nevertheless, by the mid-1940s, penicillin resistance was encountered in hospitals after only a few years it introduced into clinical practice and afterward within a decade it had become a significant problem in the community. Consequently, S. aureus is remarkable in its ability to acquire resistance to any antibiotic.
The study aims were to isolate and identify biochemical test positive including coagulase test positive staphylococci from cleaned food contact surfaces among food premises area in Sri Serdang, Selangor. After isolation and identification, the aim was to check the antibiotics susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus by testing the presence of inhibition zone around the antibiotic disc.
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Haida by their bright colours and striking brushwork.

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South Wales Echo letters: Tuesday, July 9, 2019
The sun rising over the yachts in Cardiff Bay, by David Lloyd, Cathays, Cardiff
It's time Red Dragon was flying once again
On LEAVING or arriving in Wales via the M4 motorway one of the first or last things you would normally take note of was the sight of our national flag flying proudly above the Celtic Manor Hotel. I say was as for some time now the flag is no longer seen. Someone or other has seen fit to see it as surplus to requirements.
I'm sure there are others who think the same way that the Red Dragon should return to be seen flying over our nation once more.
CG Bright
Lewis Street, Crumlin, Gwent
Adventure of a lifetime for Scouts
In JUST a few days' time Scouts from Wales will be be travelling 3,800 miles to wild and wonderful West Virginia, USA for the 24th World Scout Jamboree.
These are some of our brightest and best and every one of them will be an ambassador for the Scouts, the UK's largest mixed movement, helping prepare girls and boys with skills for life.
World Scout Jamborees only happen every four years and tens of thousands of Scouts attend each one. They are incredible festivals of peace, friendship and adventure. Young people will make friends for life with people from over 150 countries, experience different food, language and culture while learning new skills. It will be the journey of a lifetime.
The 2019 Jamboree, jointly hosted by the USA, Canada and Mexico, is set to be one of the biggest and most exciting yet. The theme is "Unlock a new world" – focusing especially on how we can create a sustainable world together.
I want to wish every single one of the Welsh Scouts good luck and safe travels.
We're so proud of you and I'll see you out there!
Chief Scout
Do we want to emulate life in Soviet Bloc?
To RID themselves of a Jeremy Corbin/John McDonnell style of government people across Eastern Europe were willing to risk their lives or life in a Soviet Gulag Prison; 2,500 Hungarians lost their lives in 1956 to the Soviet troops and thousands more (in Romania, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and East Germany) until the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I sure not one of them believes that some British people would one day consider electing a similar hard-line oppressive regime to govern the United Kingdom! Would any sane person want us to emulate life in the Soviet Bloc?
Brian Christley
Bryn Gwyn, Abergele, Conwy
Neil McEvoy gets my backing
I'm WRITING to confirm my 100% support for Neil McEvoy AM, regarding his view of the judicial action against former AM Simon Thomas.
I also believe, as do many Plaid Cymru members, this judgment in respect of Mr Thomas, recording paedophile actions involving young children was well below what the vast majority of the public expected.
As one of a representive appointment panel of two, when Plaid led Taff Ely Council in the early '90s Mr Thomas was appointed as our political researcher. His first political employment. Whilst there he was a first class respected researcher whilst employed at Taff Ely. However, this issue goes beyond political commitments.
Neil McEvoy AM is very down to earth, he may not be everyone's cup of tea for this very reason. If Plaid Cymru in the Bay stopped talking to itself, we should win big at the next National elections.
Clayton Jones
Plaid Cymru Councillor, Ynysybwl & Coed y Cwm Community Council
Ripping banners a lack of respect
A LADY spent some time putting up 10 banners on Thursday and on Saturday six out of the 10 had been ripped down.
The banners were about saving St Alban's School, but some morons did not like them so they ripped them down so that nobody else was allow to see them.
I was taught to speak my mind and let OTHERS do the same, not to object to their words just because somebody else has a different point of view – let them speak then give you objections.
On the railings of Splott Park I have seen many birthday wishes etc – they have not been ripped down so why rip a simple inoffensive banner down?
If the banners offended you come and talk to me. I am at school Monday and Wednesday mornings if you are not ashamed to.
The thing that we are objecting to is the closure of St Alban's school not, I emphasise, the exciting developments of Willows High, Baden Powell and the Nursery Schools.
Brendan O'Shea
Adamsdown
Labour needs to show clarity
I COULDN'T help but notice that once again, the Welsh Labour Party are at odds with their London counterparts when it comes to Brexit.
Last month we saw Welsh Labour AMs in the Senedd, back Plaid Cymru's motion of what would essentially be a re-run of the 2016 "In-Out" referendum, recreating the adversarial politics that we played witness to in 2016.
Yet the leadership of the UK-wide Labour Party still – after three years – hasn't decided on a position. Whether you agree with them or not, what they owe us is clarity, and the Labour Party aren't delivering it.
However, you'd like to think that Welsh Labour has learnt their lesson from the 2019 European Parliament elections where they haemorrhaged votes to both the Brexit Party and the Welsh Liberal Democrats, nearly costing them their only Welsh seat in the European Parliament.
However, what has remained abundantly clear is that they remain hopelessly out of touch with their heartlands. Indeed, three years on from the result, surely it is time we as a country come together, politicians alike, and put this issue to bed once and for all.
Indeed, don't we owe it to the people of Wales to deliver the mandate of 52.53% Welsh men and women, by delivering a Brexit that works for everyone? We need a Brexit that supports families and businesses the length and breadth of Wales, creating jobs, investment and opportunities for all.
We often hear the dooms and glooms of leaving the European Union, pushed by the pro-remain Labour-led Welsh Government, but as a Conservative, proud Brexiteer and someone who believes in Wales I know that leaving the European Union will not only benefit our country but allow us to thrive on the world stage.
Cllr Joel Williams
Prospective Assembly Member for Cardiff North
LlanelliFirefighters tackle pub and chip shop blazeFire hoses are being trained on the building
Mountain Ash Comprehensive SchoolMum claims 14 people were there as boy, 13, drowned in river but police only spoke to fourThe mum of Christopher Kapessa, 13, who died in the River Cynon, has accused police officers of failing to investigate properly


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Clients on the receiving end of business advice often have a hard time judging the success or failure of the advice or the costs and benefits because the issues at stake are typically open-ended. As advisors, we must therefore continuously subject our own activity to critical questioning. Questions surrounding the utility or individual practicality of the envisaged concept are therefore just as important to us as the underlying economics.


text:
Aristotle's rhetoric, No. 2 friendship and enmity
by Andrián Pertout (2002)
Score Sample
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- Brass band
- Brass, Percussion ensembles
- Quintets: Flute, clarinet, bassoon, trombone, violin
- Quintets: Horn, 2 trumpets, trombone, tuba
- Saxophone Ensemble
- Trios: Flute, bass clarinet, saxophone
Products featuring this work
AMC Library
Aristotle's rhetoric : No. 2 friendship and enmity, for brass band / Andrián Pertout.
1 set of 18 performance parts (72p. -- A4 (portrait))
Published by Australian Music Centre — 2012
Brass band Not for loan $64.00 Add to cart
Aristotle's rhetoric : no. 2, friendship and enmity, for brass band / Andrián Pertout.
1 facsimile score (32p. -- A3 (portrait))
Library shelf no. Q 784.9/PER 1
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Aristotle's rhetoric, no. 2 : friendship and enmity, for brass ensemble and percussion / Andrián Pertout.
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Aristotle's rhetoric, no. 2 : friendship and enmity, for flute, clarinet, bassoon, trombone and violin / Andrián Pertout.
1 set of 5 performance parts (20p. -- A4 (portrait))
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Aristotle's rhetoric : No. 2 friendship and enmity, for brass quintet / Andrián Pertout.
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Aristotle's rhetoric : no. 2, friendship and enmity, for brass quintet / Andrián Pertout.
Published by Australian Music Centre
Library shelf no. 785.915/PER 1
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Aristotle's rhetoric : No. 2 friendship and enmity, for saxophone ensemble / Andrián Pertout.
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Aristotle's rhetoric : no. 2, friendship and enmity, for saxophone ensemble / Andrián Pertout.
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Aristotle's rhetoric, no. 2 : friendship and enmity, for flute, bass clarinet and saxophone / Andrián Pertout.
Trios: Flute, bass clarinet, saxophone Not for loan $24.00 Add to cart
Aristotle's rhetoric, no. 2 : friendship and enmity, for flute, bass clarinet and saxophone / Andrián Pertout
Trios: Flute, bass clarinet, saxophone Available for loan $26.86 Add to cart
Work Overview
Philosopher, educator, scientist and tutor to Alexander the Great, Aristotle was born in Stageira in 384 B.C., in what was then the kingdom of Macedonia. At the age of seventeen he initiated his studies at the Academy of Plato in Athens - culminating in a twenty-year association with the institution - to then ultimately establish his own Athenian school and research institute, the Lyceum. The general state of anti-Macedonian sentiment following the death of King Alexander in 323 B.C. then driving Aristotle into exile to Chalcis, Euboea, where he died a year later. His output as philosopher includes numerous influential writings, but namely Ethics, Politics, The Athenian Constitution, De Anima, The Art of Rhetoric, Poetics and The Metaphysics. Aristotle's Rhetoric is a seven movement work for orchestra based on the writings of Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC). Each of the seven sets of opposite emotions outlined in book two of his rhetorical manual The Art of Rhetoric - anger and calmness, friendship and enmity, fear and confidence, shame and shamelessness, kindness and unkindness, pity and indignation, envy and emulation - represented within an individual movement. Friendship and Emnity is an arrangement for brass quintet of the second movement.
Aristotle's rhetoric, No. 2 friendship and enmity is a derivative of Aristotle's rhetoric by Andrián Pertout
Browse other works by Andrián Pertout
Browse other works written in 2002
Inspired by: Literature & Poetry
Performances of this work
20 Dec 03: Le Brass Band du Nord-Pas de Calais (Belgium), Mouvaux Art Centre, Belgium
30 Oct 03: Melba Hall, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia. Featuring University of Melbourne Faculty of Music Saxophone Ensemble.
19 Jul 03: Meadowbank Winery, Richmond, Tasmania, Australia. Featuring Stuart Byrne, Stuart Brownley, James Bradley.
17 Jul 03: Gateway Baptist Church, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. Featuring Stuart Brownley, James Bradley, Stuart Byrne.
9 Jul 03: Burnie Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania. Featuring Doubling Up Trio.
6 Jun 03: Third New Music North Festival, Hilldale Lutheran Church, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
20 Aug 02: Melba Hall, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia. Featuring Tim Bansemer, Per Forsberg, Mark Fitzpatrick, Ari Farrar, Cappuccino Brass, Kylie Long.
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text:
AboutScreenerStock Ideas
NYSE: KO
Coca Cola Co Statistics & Facts
OverviewForecastEarningsDividendOwnershipStatistics
Key Coca Cola facts
John Stith Pemberton (as Coca-Cola), Asa Griggs Candler (as The Coca-Cola Company)
Statistics: Sales & Revenue
Statistics: Expenditure
Statistics: Miscellaneous
Coca Cola Statistics: Sales & Revenue
Coca Cola Sales in Unit Cases
Tracking Coca-Cola's sales in unit cases.
Download as image
Source:Coca-Cola
Unit cases
Coca-Cola sold 30.3 billion unit cases of its products in 2019, up from 29.6 billion in 2018. [1]
Coca Cola Revenue by Region
Here's how much Coca-Cola earns in annual revenue by region.
$11.72B
$11.715 billion of Coca-Cola's $37.266 billion in 2019 revenue came from the United States. [1]
Coca Cola Revenue by Segment
Here's Coca-Cola's annual revenue broken down by operating segment.
$7.06B
Bottline investments
$11.92 billion of Coca-Cola's $37.266 billion in 2019 revenue came from its North American segment. [1]
Coca Cola Market Share
Coca Cola U.S. Market Share
What is Coca-Cola's share of the carbonated soft drinks (CSD) segment in the United States?
Source:Statista
Keurig Dr. Pepper
National Beverage
Coca-Cola owns a leading 43.7% of the carbonated soft drinks (CSD) segment in the U.S. [2]
Date: Sep 18, 2020
Coca Cola vs Pepsi: Revenue
Comparing Coca-Cola's annual revenue to PepsiCo's (Pepsi's parent company).
Source:PepsiCo
Coca-Cola's revenue in 2019 was $37.27 billion, compared to PepsiCo's $67.16 billion. [3]
PepsiCo is weaker in the carbonated soft drinks segment but it's stronger overall due to a wider portfolio that includes non-beverage products such as Lay's, Doritos, Cheetos and Quaker Oats. [3]
Coca Cola vs Pepsi: Marketing Spend
Comparing how much Coca Cola and Pepsi spend on marketing.
Source:Statstic
Coca-Cola spent $4.25 billion on advertising in 2019, compared to PepsiCo's $4.7 billion. [4]
Coca Cola Statistics: Expenditure
Coca Cola Advertising Spend
How much does Coca-Cola spend on global advertising?
Ad spend
Coca-Cola spent $4.246 billion on global advertising in 2019. [1]
Coca Cola Selling, General & Administrative Expenses
Tracking how much Coca-Cola's selling, general and administrative expenses have amounted to by year.
Coca-Cola's selling, general and administrative expenses amounted to $12.1 billion in 2019. [1]
Coca Cola Employees
How many people make up Coca-Cola's workforce?
Coca-Cola had 86,200 employees at the end of 2019, 10,100 of whom were in the U.S. [1]
Coca-Cola's employees went from 100,300 (51,000 in the U.S.) in 2016 down to 61,800 (12,400 in the U.S.) in 2017 due to refranchisement operations. [5]
Coca Cola Statistics: Miscellaneous
1.9 billion servings Coca-Cola products are sold worldwide every day, compared to just 25 bottles in its first year. [6]
Last Accessed: Nov 27, 2020
Coca-Cola sells about 3,900 products worldwide. [7]
Coca-Cola sells its products in over 200 countries. [8]
Coca-Cola owns 21 billion-dollar brands. [7]
Coca-Cola has about 250 bottling partners and about 900 plants. [7]
Coca-Cola was invented by a pharmacist and sold in a pharmacy but, contrary to popular belief, it was not originally intended to be a medicine. [9]
A 2019 plastic waste audit named Coca-Cola the most polluting brand in the world. [10]
Coca-Cola's secret formula is kept in a vault in Atlanta's World of Coca-Cola museum. [11]
There are 35 grams (about 7 teaspoons) of sugar in a 330ml (about 12 ounces) can of Coca-Cola [12]
Diet Coke contains no sugar. [13]
Americans consume 1.7 million pounds (10.8 pounds per person) of sugar from Coca-Cola products every year. [14]
Date: Jun 9, 2011
The average American takes an average of 399 servings of Coca-Cola products a year, 125.7 of which are Coca-Cola Classic. [14]
The average Mexican consumes 665 servings of Coca-Cola products every year, which is more than the average American (399), British (202), Chinese (32) and Indian (9) combined (642). [14]
On average, each person consumes a product from Coca-Cola every four days. [14]
In 1928, Coca-Cola became the first company to sponsor the Olympics. The company has sponsored all Olympic Games since then. [15]
Coca-Cola's red and white logo is recognized by 94% of people in the world. [14]
Coca-Cola 2019 Annual Report
https://investors.coca-colacompany.com/filings-reports/annual-filings-10-k/content/0000021344-20-000006/a2019123110-k.htm?TB_iframe=true&height=auto&width=auto&preload=false
https://www.statista.com/statistics/225464/market-share-of-leading-soft-drink-companies-in-the-us-since-2004/
https://www.pepsico.com/news/press-release/pepsico-to-hold-virtual-annual-meeting-of-shareholders-for-2020-due-to-coronavir04162020
PepsiCo 2019 Annual Report
https://www.pepsico.com/docs/album/annual-reports/pepsico-inc-2019-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=ea470b5_2
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/how-many-cans-of-coca-cola-are-sold-worldwide-in-a-day
https://www.coca-cola.co.ke/know-us-better/coca-cola-globally/infographic-coca-cola-at-a-glance
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/how-many-countries-sell-coca-cola-is-there-anywhere-in-the-world-that-doesnt
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/is-it-true-that-coca-cola-started-as-a-medicine
https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2019/10/29/coca-cola-named-the-worlds-most-polluting-brand-in-plastic-waste-audit/?sh=69f86f9474e0
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/where-is-coca-cola-secret-formula-kept
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/how-much-sugar-is-in-coca-cola
https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/our-business/faqs/how-much-sugar-is-in-diet-coke
https://www.businessinsider.com/facts-about-coca-cola-2011-6?IR=T
The International Olympic Committee
https://www.olympic.org/sponsors/coca-cola
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text:
June 14, 2013 June 14, 2013 by Béal Festival
Love:Live Music 21 June 2013
Béal is putting on two events as part of Love:Live Music this year. This is our National Music Day full of free musical events.
Hidden Memories
At 1.15 in the Centre for Contemporary Practices, soprano Elizabeth Hilliard and composer Gráinne Mulvey present a concert of vocal and electronic works.
Works include The Gift of Freedom and The Seafarer (first heard at Béal 2012) – both written for Elizabeth Hilliard's voice and tape. The tape part for each is constructed using samples from Elizabeth's voice. Electronic works include Hidden Memories, inspired by a painting by artist Ursula Meehan.
Experience a beautiful concert, in the comfort of this Arts Centre in the centre of town.
L'Air du Temps/The Spirit of the Times
At 6.30 pm in Christ Church Cathedral, David Bremner (organ, composer) and Mark Redmond (uilleann pipes) present a half-hour set entitled L'Air du Temps/The Spirit of the Times, the fruit of a year-long collaboration between the Cathedral's Assistant Organist, David Bremner, and renowned uilleann-piper Mark Redmond.
The project is all about the connections between the performance styles from two very distinct traditions: traditional Irish slow airs as played on the pipes, and the music of the French Baroque era on the organ. These will be explored in the wonderfully resonant space of the Cathedral, allowing the sounds of these instruments
to intertwine.
These distinct styles in fact share many things; unconstrained rhythmic freedom, expressive richness of ornamentation, and the two instruments together have a unique blend:- the rawness of the pipes adds a new dimension to the Classical associations of the organ, and Bremner has devised a raft of unconventional playing techniques in response to Redmond's style of playing.
The set will be an atmospheric re-imagining of Eighteenth century Ireland and France, a time of upheaval and revolutionary ferment, and a fertile time of cross-influences.
It conjures a world where the style of the French baroque and the Irish slow air intermingle, where gentlemen pipers such as Lord Edward Fitzgerald recreated in Ireland the fêtes galantes of the French grand siècle. Where historical evidence is patchy Bremner has composed new pieces that invent links that may or may not have actually existed. We see traditional music as part of a common Europe-wide culture, where the barriers between high art and low were flexible.
The piece will be a single, gradual musical journey in which short solos and duos are interweaved; a mixture of existing pieces, arrangements and original compositions by Bremner. The new material is in an original contemporary idiom, a quirky and authentic response to its multiple influences. This is a rare chance to hear the wonderful sound of these instruments with so much in common musically, but associated with very different worlds.
This project was funded by the Arts Council Deis Award.
21 June, 1.15 pm CFCP, 15 Upper Pembroke Street, Hidden Memories Elizabeth Hilliard performs Gráinne Mulvey vocal and electronic works
21 June, 6.30 pm, Christ Church Cathedral Dublin, L'Air du Temps/The Spirit of the Times David Bremner and Mark Redmond perform traditional slow airs, organ music by Couperin and de Grigny, arrangements and compositions by Bremner
Previous Support Béal Festival
Next TheOpenRehearsals – Ranelagh Arts Festival 2013


text:
package com.facebook.buck.distributed;

import static com.facebook.buck.log.MachineReadableLogConfig.PREFIX_BUILD_RULE_FINISHED;

import com.facebook.buck.artifact_cache.CacheResult;
import com.facebook.buck.cli.DistBuildCommand;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.engine.BuildRuleStatus;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.engine.BuildRuleSuccessType;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.event.BuildRuleEvent;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.stats.BuildRuleDurationTracker;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.BuildId;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rulekey.BuildRuleKeys;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rulekey.RuleKey;
import com.facebook.buck.distributed.thrift.BuildSlaveRunId;
import com.facebook.buck.distributed.thrift.StampedeId;
import com.facebook.buck.io.filesystem.ProjectFilesystem;
import com.facebook.buck.io.filesystem.TestProjectFilesystems;
import com.facebook.buck.log.views.JsonViews;
import com.facebook.buck.rules.FakeBuildRule;
import com.facebook.buck.testutil.TemporaryPaths;
import com.facebook.buck.testutil.integration.ProjectWorkspace;
import com.facebook.buck.testutil.integration.TestDataHelper;
import com.facebook.buck.util.BuckConstant;
import com.facebook.buck.util.config.Config;
import com.facebook.buck.util.config.Configs;
import com.facebook.buck.util.json.ObjectMappers;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.MapperFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.hash.HashCode;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;

public class DistBuildPostBuildAnalysisTest {

  @Rule public TemporaryPaths tmpPath = new TemporaryPaths();

  private final BuildId buildId = new BuildId("97eb735b-27c9-4d60-9564-fb0694a53b03");
  private final StampedeId stampedeId = new StampedeId();
  private final BuildSlaveRunId buildSlaveRunId1 = new BuildSlaveRunId();
  private final BuildSlaveRunId buildSlaveRunId2 = new BuildSlaveRunId();

  private ObjectWriter objectWriter;

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    stampedeId.setId("stampede5057850940756389804");
    buildSlaveRunId1.setId("stampede-slave1241653611715395998");
    buildSlaveRunId2.setId("stampede-slave8890909885267341364");

    objectWriter =
        ObjectMappers.legacyCreate()
            .copy()
            .configure(MapperFeature.DEFAULT_VIEW_INCLUSION, false)
            .writerWithView(JsonViews.MachineReadableLog.class);
  }

  private String buildRuleFinishedAsMachineReadable(BuildRuleEvent.Finished event) {
    try {
      return PREFIX_BUILD_RULE_FINISHED + " " + objectWriter.writeValueAsString(event);
    } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Failed to write BuildRuleEvent.Finished to JSON.", e);
    }
  }

  private BuildRuleEvent.Finished finishedEvent(
      String ruleName,
      String ruleKey,
      Optional<String> inputRuleKey,
      BuildRuleStatus status,
      CacheResult cacheResult,
      long durationMs,
      Optional<BuildRuleSuccessType> successType,
      Optional<String> outputHash) {
    FakeBuildRule rule = new FakeBuildRule(ruleName);
    BuildRuleEvent.Started start = BuildRuleEvent.started(rule, new BuildRuleDurationTracker());

    BuildRuleKeys.Builder ruleKeys = BuildRuleKeys.builder().setRuleKey(new RuleKey(ruleKey));
    if (inputRuleKey.isPresent()) {
      ruleKeys.setInputRuleKey(new RuleKey(inputRuleKey.get()));
    }

    BuildRuleEvent.Finished finishedEvent =
        BuildRuleEvent.finished(
            start,
            ruleKeys.build(),
            status,
            cacheResult,
            Optional.empty(),
            successType,
            false,
            outputHash.map(s -> HashCode.fromString(s)),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty());

    finishedEvent.configure(durationMs, 0, 0, 0, buildId);
    return finishedEvent;
  }

  @Test
  public void testExtractBuildRules() throws IOException {
    List<BuildRuleEvent.Finished> ruleEvents = new ArrayList<>();
    ruleEvents.add(
        finishedEvent(
            "//rule:1",
            "12ea",
            Optional.empty(),
            BuildRuleStatus.FAIL,
            CacheResult.localKeyUnchangedHit(),
            10,
            Optional.empty(),
            Optional.empty()));

    ruleEvents.add(
        finishedEvent(
            "//rule:2",
            "2ea5",
            Optional.of("ea56"),
            BuildRuleStatus.SUCCESS,
            CacheResult.miss(),
            50,
            Optional.of(BuildRuleSuccessType.BUILT_LOCALLY),
            Optional.of("a567")));

    Map<String, BuildRuleMachineLogEntry> resultMap =
        DistBuildPostBuildAnalysis.extractBuildRules(
            ruleEvents
                .stream()
                .map(event -> buildRuleFinishedAsMachineReadable(event))
                .collect(Collectors.toList()));

    Assert.assertEquals(2, resultMap.keySet().size());
    Assert.assertTrue(
        resultMap
            .keySet()
            .containsAll(
                ruleEvents
                    .stream()
                    .map(rule -> rule.getBuildRule().getFullyQualifiedName())
                    .collect(Collectors.toList())));

    for (BuildRuleEvent.Finished expected : ruleEvents) {
      BuildRuleMachineLogEntry result =
          resultMap.get(expected.getBuildRule().getFullyQualifiedName());

      Assert.assertEquals(
          result.getRuleName().get(), expected.getBuildRule().getFullyQualifiedName());
      Assert.assertEquals(result.getRuleKey(), expected.getRuleKeys().getRuleKey().toString());
      Assert.assertEquals(
          result.getInputRuleKey(),
          expected.getRuleKeys().getInputRuleKey().map(rk -> rk.toString()).orElse(""));
      Assert.assertEquals(result.getRuleType().get(), expected.getBuildRule().getType());
      Assert.assertEquals(
          result.getWallMillisDuration().longValue(),
          expected.getDuration().getWallMillisDuration());
      Assert.assertEquals(result.getBuildRuleStatus().get(), expected.getStatus());
      Assert.assertEquals(result.getCacheResultType().get(), expected.getCacheResult().getType());
      Assert.assertEquals(
          result.getOutputHash(), expected.getOutputHash().map(HashCode::toString).orElse(""));
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testFileStructure() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    ProjectWorkspace workspace =
        TestDataHelper.createProjectWorkspaceForScenario(
            this, "post_build_analysis", tmpPath.getRoot());
    workspace.setUp();

    Config config = Configs.createDefaultConfig(tmpPath.getRoot());
    ProjectFilesystem filesystem =
        TestProjectFilesystems.createProjectFilesystem(tmpPath.getRoot(), config);
    DistBuildPostBuildAnalysis analysis =
        new DistBuildPostBuildAnalysis(
            buildId,
            stampedeId,
            filesystem.resolve(tmpPath.getRoot()),
            ImmutableList.of(buildSlaveRunId1, buildSlaveRunId2),
            DistBuildCommand.class.getSimpleName().toLowerCase());
    Assert.assertEquals(
        analysis.dumpResultsToLogFile(analysis.runAnalysis()),
        tmpPath.getRoot().resolve(BuckConstant.DIST_BUILD_ANALYSIS_FILE_NAME));

    workspace.verify();
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Берёзовка — деревня в Пермском крае России. Входит в Чусовской городской округ.

Географическое положение
Деревня расположена в западной части округа менее чем в километре на юго-запад от посёлка Комарихинский.

История
С 2004 до 2019 гг. входила в Комарихинское сельское поселение Чусовского муниципального района.

Население
Постоянное население деревни составляло 52 человек в 2002 году (86 % русские), 29 человек в 2010 году.

Климат
Климат умеренно континентальный. Среднегодовая температура воздуха колеблется около 0 градусов, среднемесячная температура января — −16 °C, июля — +17 °C, заморозки отмечаются в мае и сентябре. Высота снежного покрова достигает 80 см. Продолжительность залегания снежного покрова 170 дней. Продолжительность вегетационного периода 118 дней. В течение года выпадает 500—700 мм осадков.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Чусовского городского округа

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
About Lanckorona
Lanckorona is situated on the Carpathian foothills of the Polish Beskidy range, 38 km to the south of Krakow. The region's uniqueness stems from its old wooden architecture, spectacular rural landscape and rich biodiversity which is preserved in forest that grows on the slopes of the Castle Mount overlooking Lanckorona, on farms and in old gardens. The area has ideal conditions for outdoor activities, with numerous walking and cycling possibilities.
Founded around the 12th century, it was granted town rights in 1361 by King Kazimierz the Great, and from 1366 started to develop rapidly as a result of a number of privileges. The later history of Lanckorona was closely linked with events which have deeply influenced the whole region: the Swedish invasion in 1655 and the partition of Poland. Lanckorona lost its importance at the beginning of the 20th century. After the Second World War, the village with its medieval layout and well preserved wooden architecture was designated a cultural monument. Buildings occupying the centre of the village are regarded as the most beautiful example of traditional wooden architecture in Poland. In 1999 UNESCO added Lanckorona Hill with its medieval castle ruins on to its World Heritage Sites list.
Points of interest in the center of Lanckorona:
*Prof. Krajewski Museum and Main Market Place in Lanckorona
The Museum was established in 1967 by the Friends of Lanckorona Association. It is situated in a wooden building which survived a fire that took place in 1868. There are many exhibits inside – objects presenting everyday life of Lanckoronian citizens, mainly from the beginning of the 20th century, excavations from the Castle Ruins, and a model of the Main Market Place from before the tragic fire.
The Main Market Place with its 9.5% slope is the steepest main market place on the Amber Trail. Its frontages are decorated with wooden houses from 1868 – 72, with characteristic hallways and big door-gates. Houses are situated close to each other, separated by narrow passages called 'miedzuchy'. Pedimental-frontal roofs covered with wooden shingles create deep arcades that were used by merchands to display their goods during ancient fairs.
*St John's Church
Founded by King Kazimierz the Great in 1359, St. John's Church has been reconstructed many times, particularly in the 16th century. The original gothic style can still be found in the main structure of the building and its view. The interior decoration presents renaissance and baroque styles. The early baroque high altar with a wealth of ornaments presents the baptism of Christ. It is one of the most valuable examples of early baroque art in the Malopolska region. The Presbytery complex situated at the western side of the Church used to be made up of the main presbytery house, granary, woodhouse, pond and a barn, which were the first victims of the tragic 1868 fire.
*Castle Ruins on the Lanckorna Mount (550 m above sea level.)
Established in 1359 at the place of a former watch-tower from 13th century,the Castle was extended by numerous succeeding owners of the Lanckoronian lands. Surrounded by a moat with a drawbridge, the Castle was made up of a courtyard, chapel and household lodgings. According to some ancient stories there were secret underground passages linking the Castle with the Main Market Place in Lanckorona. The Castle was the centre of the resistance movement place of the Barski Confederates. After the Confederation it was occupied by the Austrians, who turned it into a jail. The Castle fell into ruin at the turn of the 18th century. In 1999 the Castle Ruins entered the UNESCO World Heritage Site list within the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska cultural landscape area.
*Old-fashioned villas in Lanckorona
Villas from 1920s and 1930s - were built mainly in the so-called 'Zakopane' style with the purpose to accommodate tourists. The most famous old-fashioned wooden pensions include: 'Willa Róż', 'Gąsiorówka', 'Tadeusz', 'Modrzewiówka', 'Zbyszek', 'Wrzos', 'Słoneczna', 'Widok', 'Bajka' and 'Zamek'.
Exploring Lanckorona
* By foot or cross-country skis: 3 hiking trails and 5 walking trails around the Lanckorona Mount
* By bike: network of Amber cycle trails with a main red cycle trail traversing the entire district of Lanckorona.
Tourist accommodation: 230 beds in guest houses, youth hostel and private rooms
Design by Mateo Zar�ba


Are you looking for a soup that will ease your tummy troubles or chase that cold or flu away? Do you just want a really tasty healthy soup? Well, I have the answer for you: this soup! What is so great is you can add or remove the veggies you want or to achieve the results you'd like. If you aren't making this for kids or those sensitive to heat, go ahead and add Siracha (I just add it to each persons' bowl individually so they can adjust to taste), but that stuff will chase congestion away in a second! You can even add more seasonings, like cinnamon and turmeric… they have awesome healing properties to them! Below I have put together some of the highlights of the benefits of each ingredient in this soup. I didn't mention the awesome benefits of the Bone Broth, because I dedicated a whole blog post to that!
A Powerhouse Veggie! Loaded with the vitamins and minerals responsible for helping your immune system function, & shields you from free radicals!
Enhances your immune system& loaded with antioxidants!
Kale can legitimately be called a superfood, aids in DNA cell repair, while at the same time slowing the growth of cancer cells, can ease lung congestion, and is beneficial to your stomach, liver, and immune system.
Low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in fiber, Baby Bella's are an excellent source of copper, which your body needs to produce red blood cells and carry oxygen through your body.
Bell peppers are rich in vitamin C, they contain more than twice the vitamin C of an orange, helps protect against scurvy, & boosts the immune system.
A good source of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, copper, and manganese, ginger promotes the release of intestinal gas; it relaxes and soothes the intestinal tract. That means it can settle an upset stomach, relieve vomiting, and ease gas and diarrhea discomfort; but it's also effective in preventing nausea in the first place.
Can help with the symptoms of the common cold by acting as a natural decongestant. Helps with indigestion and gas due to its soothing properties. It also helps protect the lining in the stomach, which helps prevent gastric ulcers.
The oil produced from star anise is used for treating cough and flu.
Anise also helps improve digestion, alleviate cramps and reduce nausea.
Consuming star anise tea after meals helps treat digestive ailments such as bloating, gas, indigestion, and constipation.
This soup is rich with all the good nutrients you need to heal your gut and fight off the cold or flu! The things you can do with this soup are LIMITLESS!
Heat 1 tbsp Coconut Oil in a large pot over med-high heat.
Add remaining veggies (including bok choy greens, but reserve 1/2 cilantro & mint for later) and stir. Add 8 cups of Bone Broth and bring to boil. (if you prefer your vegetable crisper, add the remaining veggies after noodles are cooked.
Add rice noodles and cook until soft. (according to package instructions). Top with remaining cilantro and mint, and squeeze lemon juice. Stir & serve. Serve with Sriracha on the side!
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September 1, 2011 (Los Angeles, CA) – TigerText, the global leader in private and controlled mobile messaging applications and platform solutions, today announced a partnership with Manage Mobility, the award winning, national telecommunications management and logistics firm based in Alpharetta, Georgia. The partnership will allow Manage Mobility to offer its diverse group of Healthcare , Financial and Retail services customers TigerText's unique solution to the growing privacy risk inherent in mobile messaging communication.
"It makes perfect sense for us to partner with Manage Mobility," added TigerText President and Co-Founder Brad Brooks. "TigerText and Manage Mobility offer the ideal combination to complement any large mobile communications network. Companies in healthcare, finance, and elsewhere are facing the reality of employees who are compelled to rely on the speed and flexibility of mobile messaging for their everyday work. But keeping those professional communications protected is essential. Together with Manage Mobility, we can reach a wide audience and provide a much needed solution to that problem." TigerText allows businesses to launch a private mobile messaging network and companywide communications system on top of the mobile network provisioning and product management provided by Manage Mobility. Launch integration is minimal with a flexible set of communication controls that can be custom set and administered by each individual business's needs. Time to launch can literally be weeks as opposed to months.
Manage Mobility is a national management and logistics firm providing fully-customized telecom solutions. End users range from Fortune 500 companies and government agencies, to small business and public sector accounts. Manage Mobility combines hardware, software, M2M solutions, telecom expense management tools and system integration to offer customers one point of contact for all their telecom needs. Visit them online at www.managemobility.com.
TigerText is available worldwide to anyone with an Android, Blackberry, iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Windows 7 mobile device.


This time of year, the pundits are all weighing in with their top pics for key industry trends. We generally leverage the annual Health Information Management Systems (HIMSS) Annual Conference and Exhibition to issue our take on the state of the industry as this event offers the best chance to gain the widest perspectives. The HIMSS conference normally takes place in February but will be running a bit late this year, around mid-April. Look for our report and "state of the health IT industry" in late April. In the meantime, here's a taste of some hot areas we will be tracking for 2015.


Cindy Sheehan is an American social justice organizer whoise son, Casey Sheehan, was killed during the Iraq War. She attracted national and international media attention in August 2005 for her extended antiwar protest at a camp outside then President George W. Bush's Texas ranch. She has continued to be very active in many social justice movements including traveling to Venezuela and Cuba and writing the book, "Revolution, a Love Story: A Better World is Possible" about Venezuela.
Cindy Sheehan:Welcome back to the Soapbox, I'm your host Cindy Sheehan. This week our guest is Alison Bodine. Alison is an antiwar and social justice activist, writer and researcher at the newspaper Fire This Time. She also works with Venezuela solidarity networks in the U.S. and Canada. We will be talking about corporate media lies about what is happening in Venezuela and what is really happening in Venezuela.
Alison Bodine, welcome to Cindy's Sheehan's Soapbox.
Alison Bodine:Thank you Cindy, good morning, thanks for having me.
Cindy: No problem, tell my listeners a little bit about yourself, your background and why you are so interested in Venezuelan politics and what is happening in Venezuela.
Alison: Today, I am the Coordinator of a campaign in Vancouver, Canada we have, the Fire This Time Venezuela Solidarity Campaign. Fire This Time is a social justice movement, as well as a social justice newspaper that is distributed for free up here in Vancouver, British Columbia and sent around the world. We have been publishing for just over 10 years.
I have been involved since the beginning of Fire This Time, when I moved here from Colorado. I am originally from the United States and that is where I became interested in issues of social justice.
The U.S. invaded Afghanistan and Iraq when I was in high school and I became involved in antiwar protests. Then, I came to Vancouver, British Columbia and got involved in the movement here and began to learn that the world is not only about the death and destruction caused around the world by the U.S. government and their allies, but that it is also a world that has hope for building a better world. I found out more about Cuba and the Cuban Revolution as well as about Venezuela and the Bolivarian Revolution.
I really became involved in Venezuela solidarity work because of that hope that I believe that Venezuela offers to people around the world. That hope that we can build a more just and equal society based on social justice, based on the interests of the masses of the people, and that all of it is possible. Seeing Venezuela and Cuba as that hope, and working in solidarity campaigns here in Canada has been a big important part of my life ever since I found them.
Cindy: For my listeners this is a frequent subject on Cindy Sheehan's Soapbox and I wrote a book about the Bolivarian Revolution called "Revolution, A Love Story." But, tell my listeners, refresh their memories, what was the vision of Hugo Chavez and his Bolivarian Revolution?
Alison: When Hugo Chavez was elected in 1998 and took office in 1999 it was to build a Venezuela that was sovereign and self-determined, free from U.S. chains, the yoke of the United States and imperialism which had been ruling for hundreds of years. It was to reverse the ills that had been brought by colonization more than 500 years ago and to build a more just and equal society in Venezuela. This started with basic human rights: healthcare, education, the right to access to food and dignified housing, the right to work. All of these things became the goal of the Bolivarian Revolution, to fight for the masses of poor and working people in Venezuela and to build a more just and equal society. Socialism became the path towards this. Hugo Chavez said it directly.
I think that the most concrete action that we can look towards today, are the beginning of the social missions in Venezuela, which still exist today and are building and growing. They are the hallmark of the Bolivarian Revolution, social missions meant to bring people those basic human rights.
Cindy: Part of the vision also, of the Bolivarian Revolution wasn't just to build social and economic equality in Venezuela, but it also was to unite Latin America and the Caribbean together against the United States. That was becoming very successful during Chavez' lifetime. It seemed like he made Cuba and Fidel prominent and more respected in Latin America and the Caribbean. The OAS states finally united together and said that if Cuba is not going to be involved anymore, we are not going to be involved, except of course for the United States and Canada. But, now it looks like since Chavez' death, the United States has re-doubled its efforts to undermine that solidarity.
Alison: It is very true; I think that has been one of the most significant gains of the Bolivarian Revolution. We can talk about the development of ALBA, for instance, and MercoSUR, .These organizations are meant to be, and have really become, a counter-balance to the free trade agreements that have been run by the United States and their allies across Latin America.
Bringing solidarity between countries, including Venezuela, is definitely a big part of the Bolivarian Revolution. Even its name, after Simon Bolivar, the great Latin American Liberator whose goal was also to unite Latin America, is definitely where they take their essence and vision as you have said.
I think that Venezuela brought what we could refer to as the "winds of change" to Latin American, with the inspiration of the Cuban Revolution and working together through that experience, the Bolivarian Revolution has also brought with it other social movements across Latin America. Ecuador, Bolivia, all of these countries. The United States is very concerned with overthrowing the Bolivarian Revolution and all of the positive changes that have taken place across Latin America, as well as breaking that solidarity.
The OAS has been part of this. The motion to except Cuba definitely was positive but as we have seen with Venezuela, especially over the last few months, the OAS, the head of the OAS, is still very much in the hands of the United States and is really making moves to break that solidarity and overthrow the Bolivarian Revolution.
Cindy: …which really has been happening since 1998. Since Chavez was elected, the United States has worked really hard to undermine that. Of course, they were not successful during Chavez life, but as I said earlier they re-doubled their efforts to get Venezuela back into the hands of the Oil-garchy and other profiteers. They have worked over-time to destabilize that country but we hear nothing but lies here in the United States about what's happening in Venezuela. So, that is what I wanted to have you on here to talk about, the so-called food shortages, the crime, you know everything that we hear about "evil Venezuela." We need to dispel those myths and talk about why they are happening and what's really happening.
Alison:Thank you again for having me on here to talk about that, because I think, really, if we look around, the biggest thing that is not being discussed in media here, in North America especially or in any Western media, is what is really happening in Venezuela. Instead they are talking about Venezuela using very exaggerated terms, very "crisis" terms.
We could look at just two days ago, September 1. I will start there as an excellent example of the way that media is using lies and manipulations and really deliberately leaving out especially the role of the U.S. government in Latin America, historically, and today. The U.S. government is funding organizations that are working against the interests of the majority of people in Latin America and Venezuela.
September 1 was a day in Venezuela in which the opposition right-wing, the violent opposition right-wing which is backed by the United States, had declared a "takeover of Caracas," the capital city of Venezuela. During these actions they attempted to bring supporters of the opposition into Caracas as well as made threats for further action against the Bolivarian Revolution and against the democratically-elected government of President Nicolas Maduro. The media two days ago showed photos of these demonstrations, they showed photos of opposition marches in the streets of Caracas and also attempted to portray the government of Venezuela as being heavy-handed against these protests.
But, they never once showed photos of the masses of people in support of the government and of the Bolivarian Revolution that marched in the streets, not only in Caracas, but in every public square in cities across Venezuela. They also never talked about the fact that these same organizers of this so-called takeover of Caracas, were also the same that organized violent riots in 2014 known as the Guarimbas which killed 43 people and injured over 700.
This is just one example of the way that media ignores, and completely refuses to discuss the role of the United States in Venezuela and in Latin America, and their support of this violent right-wing opposition. They ignore it because it helps them in their overall campaign to be the mouthpiece of the U.S. government, a government which is interested in overthrowing the Bolivarian Revolution and the example that they have set for people not only in Latin America, but also around the world. That is why Venezuela is such a threat, because it represents hope for people in the Middle East, in North Africa, hope for all oppressed people to that demonstrates that you can take your sovereignty and self-determination back and fight for a country independent of the United States.
As well, the September 1 protests took place in the context of an economic war in Venezuela. This has been another example of how major capitalist media around the world has ignored what is actually happening on the ground in Venezuela. They use words like "massive hunger" and "starvation," they claim that there is so much of shortage that hoards of people are even "eating a horse" as one media reported. These are really exaggerated claims of what is happening in Venezuela, which is facing an economic crisis, but also taking steps to remedy it.
Currently, Venezuela's exports largely depend on oil exports. The price of oil has plummeted, which has created problems with the economy of Venezuela. But the other thing that they don't describe ever, is the fact that the vast majority of food distribution and production, as well as the distribution and production of basic goods, is not in the hands of the Venezuelan government. It is still in the hands of private companies and factories, multi-nationals that operate in Venezuela.
Cindy: Talk about what happened to Kimberly Clark, for example.
Alison: Exactly, Kimberly Clark is a name that is familiar to all of us because it is a company that operates in the United States and North America. It is a multi-national, gigantic company that was producing basically hygiene goods in Venezuela. They had a factory in Aragua, Venezuela that they shut down. They decided that it wasn't making enough profit and they closed the doors, firing over 900 employees. They also claimed at the time that they didn't have the raw materials that they needed to make their goods. This is something that different private factories have been saying in Venezuela, especially over the last two years or so.
So the Venezuelan government responded to this and investigated, of course, and found the opposite of what the company had claimed. That the warehouses were, in fact, well-stocked and that the company had just shut down the factory, like I said before, because they didn't think they were making enough profit. In Venezuela there are very strict rules about how much goods can be sold for and this has created problems for multi-national companies and those that are in the hands of the right-wing and capitalist class in Venezuela.
Now the government of Venezuela has turned over the factory to the workers, and it has been re-opened and it has continued production. There has been a visible improvement in the availability of basic goods in Venezuela because this factory is once again producing. It's goods are not being hoarded anymore, it is not being deliberately slowed down in production anymore by their capitalist bosses. They really have been able to take over control and continue producing what they need to in order to supply basic goods to the Venezuelan population. This one factory, for example, produced about 20% of the national demand for these sort of basic hygiene goods in Venezuela, so there is a very significant impact in getting it up and running again normally.
Cindy: See, that's the issue. Some of us feel like that kind of thing, like the government taking over businesses and production and putting it in the hands of the people Venezuela could have been done faster, could have been done more. But, you know I have spent significant time with Chavez and he would impress that he is, he was, the President of everybody in Venezuela and if companies were price-gouging, or they were taking advantage of the people in Venezuela there would be no issue about it, they would take that industry or the stores and they would nationalize those industries.
Talk about that I little bit. The misconception here in the United States of course is that Chavez went in there with a heavy hand and he didn't even nationalize completely the oil industry, which I feel like he should have.
Alison: I think that we all have our own ideas about Venezuela and what we think could have been done or not been done. But, I think it is important what you said, that it has to all be put in context as well.
As solidarity activists first of all, in the United States, in North America , I would say it is our main role to defend the sovereignty and self-determination of Venezuela and let them figure out their economy and how they want to run the country based on end to U.S. intervention in the country. That is our main role.
But, I would also say that that there has been moves made by both President Hugo Chavez as well as by Nicolas Maduro to really combat this price-gouging, the hoarding. But it is a balance where we have to understand more about the context. There is a violent opposition that is really attempting to overthrow the revolution, and they will use whatever means. think that the government has to take this into account with any decisions that they make about how far to take the nationalizations or the takeover of factories.
It is interesting to see the response that Nicolas Maduro has had reflected in major media in North America. The positive steps that the government has taken in the past few years, the government attempts to diversify the economy, to increase the amount of food production in Venezuela, to distribute food in a way that goes around these private companies, have all been met with complete hostility in the U.S. media.
They are still twisting what the government is doing in response to this economic crisis at every turn. They did the same thing under President Hugo Chavez and they continue that under President Nicolas Maduro. It is a very concerted campaign to make sure that people in the North America really don't know what is actually happening in Venezuela. They don't know about the community initiatives, the gardens and cooperatives, they don't understand how food distribution works in Venezuela. People are meant to be confused enough so that the U.S. can make their threats against the government, can increase their military presence in the region and can even directly say, as one diplomat did a few days ago that "maybe this food crisis is going to necessitate foreign aid and intervention." This is something that should be unheard of for the United States to be able to say when it comes to Venezuela and Latin America.
Cindy: We are running out of time, but there is one thing that I wanted you to address before we do run out of time. In your recent article in Fire This Time, called "Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Venezuela: the Economic War and Mass Media Lies and Deceptions" [see Fire This Time, Volume 10, Issue 8], you point out that , when it was obvious that the opposition was going to take the Parliament in the last elections in Venezuela in 2015, Hillary Clinton said "We're winning, we're winning," or something similar. Who is "we"? I mean, this is what you are talking about. The United States and Hillary Clinton have no business about what is happening in Venezuela, so who is this "we" that she is talking about?
Alison: This "we" is the very friendly hand-in-hand relationship that the government of the United States has with the opposition in Venezuela. Imperialism in Latin America, the U.S. government and their allies, consider the opposition in Venezuela to be their good friends. You can see that through the words of Hillary Clinton as well as through their history.
Henrique Capriles is a name that people hear in U.S. media, when it comes to Venezuela, as a member of the opposition. He is part of a political party called "Justice First," or "Primera Justicia" that began as a U.S.-funded project in Venezuela, funded through US-Aid in the 90's. This party and similar organizations have continued to receive U.S. political and financial support. This U.S. support is the most important thing for us to discuss.
Whether it is through the U.S. Presidential election, when we have Hillary Clinton making these statements against Venezuela, or after, we know that it is the U.S. government's interests to overthrow the Bolivarian Revolution and the government of Venezuela. Definitely we have to build and work on building more education about this. About the violent opposition, the campaign of U.S. sanctions, the campaign of U.S. military actions off the coast of Venezuela, as well as about Obama's Executive Order. This Executive Order was first released in March, 2015 that declared that Venezuela was somehow a "threat to U.S. national security." A country that is building social justice, and has never attacked the United States is suddenly on this list. That Executive Order was renewed one year later, in March of 2016. It continues to enable further U.S. sanctions against Venezuela and also to build that political support that they U.S. government needs to continue their attacks.
This is the context in which I believe it is our responsibility to build a solidarity movement with Venezuela. As Fire This Time in Vancouver we are working to bring Venezuela to the streets of Vancouver, to have days of information, and petitioning the U.S. government to repeal the Executive Order and to end the sanctions. I would encourage your listeners to learn more about the Bolivarian Revolution and to get involved. I have written multiple articles, especially since the December elections in Venezuela, in the Fire This Time newspaper. I encourage people to go to www.firethistime.net to see those articles and also how to get involved in the solidarity movement.
Cindy: It will be linked, the articles will be linked on the Soapbox too when I put this show up. What really gets me about Barack Obama declaring that Venezuela is a threat to the United States is that, as you said Venezuela has never attacked the United States, it has never really attacked anybody. It has not been in any wars, it is not occupying any foreign countries. That's actually the United States. I would like to declare the United States a threat to the world.
Alison: I agree completely, the U.S. is the number one threat to the world and Venezuela is a hope for all of us. We saw that when people marched on the streets on September 1, when supporters of the Bolivarian Revolution marched on the streets in Venezuela and really prevented coup and violence and destabilization in Venezuela. We see them continuing to build.
It is our responsibility not only to talk about that, but to demand U.S. Hands Off Venezuela and exactly, to declare as you said, that the U.S. is in fact a threat to the world.
Cindy: Alison Bodine that you so much for your work and thank you so much for taking your time to be on Cindy Sheehan's Soapbox this week.


AdventHealth Hospital for Childrenseeks to hire a Pediatric Respiratory Therapist who will embrace our mission to extend the healing ministry of Christ.
Since opening our doors in 1908, AdventHealth has offered one of the most comprehensive children's health programs in Central Florida. Today, we continue this legacy of pediatric excellence at the Magnet® recognized Walt Disney Pavilion at AdventHealth for Children. Our campus is home to 30 pediatric sub-specialties led by a team of 400+ nurses and physicians. We provide specialized care in various state-of-the-art settings, including an 81-bed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with private family-centered rooms, an Advanced Center for Pediatric Surgery handling nearly 4,000 cases each year, and one of the few pediatric oncology programs in the area. We're also Central Florida's only pediatric provider for bone marrow transplant, kidney transplant, Gamma Knife services, trilogy radiation and Level III epilepsy care. But perhaps most exciting of all, is that this is the first—and only—hospital to bear the Disney® name.
As a respiratory therapist at Walt Disney Pavilion at AdventHealth for Children you'll grow and thrive in a large, dynamic environment while playing an essential part in improving the lives of infants and children. You'll become an expert in neonatal and pediatric ventilatory management, learn to guide respiratory practice using protocols and work on an interdisciplinary team. Our staff consists of Registered Respiratory Therapists (RRT), many of whom hold advanced specialty certifications such as Neonatal Pediatric Specialist (NPS), and Certified Asthma Educator (AE-C).Our department contributes to the treatment of patients at every level, including the Critical Care Transport Team, Children's Emergency Center, intensive care units, home care teaching and discharge planning. You can also participate in patient-driven protocols, clinical research, diagnostic testing, and multidisciplinary care teams.
The Pediatric Respiratory Therapist is responsible for assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating the treatment, care, and needs of an assigned group of patients. He/she must be able to accept leadership responsibility in the absence of a Lead Therapist as directed. Adheres to AdventHealth Corporate Compliance Plan and to all rules and regulations of all applicable local, state and federal agencies and accrediting bodies. Actively participates in outstanding customer service and accepts responsibility in maintaining relationships that are equally respectful to all.
Performs respiratory therapies and oxygen delivery therapies and makes recommendations to the most efficient delivery method per protocol.
Properly utilizes patient assessment skills, protocols, chart review, and conferring with multidisciplinary team to determine efficacy of therapy in a cost and time efficient manner making appropriate recommendations and changes per protocol.
Performs airway maintenance including: proper use of manual resuscitators, suctioning, extubating, assists with tracheostomy tube insertion, performs trach tube change, oral and nasal pharyngeal airway insertion, LMA insertion, endotracheal intubation, and procedural respiratory support.
Practices standard precautions and enforces safety regulations according to hospital policies on a continual basis. Documents and charges for procedures accurately and completely to ensure quality standards set by the department and hospital.
Responds to Code Blue emergencies immediately providing CPR according to the American Heart Association guidelines.
Initiates, maintains, transports and monitors mechanical ventilators to include conventional and advanced modes of ventilation per policy and procedure.
Initiates, maintains, transports and monitors heliox and nitric oxide.
Assist with bronchial clearance: using Cough Assist or IPV.
Transitional care and management of home ventilators.
If you want to be a part of a team that is dedicated to delivering the highest quality in patient care, we invite you to explore the Pediatric Respiratory Therapist opportunity with AdventHealth Hospital for Children and apply online today.


I am excited to be teaching here at Clinton High School for my eighth year. I am teaching a range of courses including Statistics, Intermediate Algebra, Precalculus, and Algebra II Common Core Honors.
Mathematics is a subject that I am very passionate about. I have received two degrees in Mathematics and one in Education from the University at Buffalo where I also worked as a graduate assistant. As such, I taught 4 classes a week including Calculus 1, 2, and 3. I have also taught classes at Hutchinson Technical High School, Skaneateles High School, Town of Webb UFSD, and MVCC. Through all of my experiences and education I have learned how to speak the language of Math and how to pass this knowledge to my students.
I encourage my students to come see me for extra help during any of my free periods, lunch, or after school. I have 2nd and 7th period free every day. Welcome to my class!


text:
By Rick Ross & Neil Martinez-Belkin
Genre: Biographies & Memoirs
*NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER*
"A gripping journey."—People
The highly anticipated memoir from hip-hop icon Rick Ross chronicles his coming of age amid Miami's crack epidemic, his star-studded controversies and his unstoppable rise to fame.
Rick Ross is an indomitable presence in the music industry, but few people know his full story. Now, for the first time, Ross offers a vivid, dramatic and unexpectedly candid account of his early childhood, his tumultuous adolescence and his dramatic ascendancy in the world of hip-hop.
Born William Leonard Roberts II, Ross grew up "across the bridge," in a Miami at odds with the glitzy beaches, nightclubs and yachts of South Beach. In the aftermath of the 1980 race riots and the Mariel boatlift, Ross came of age at the height of the city's crack epidemic, when home invasions and execution-style killings were commonplace. Still, in the midst of the chaos and danger that surrounded him, Ross flourished, first as a standout high school football player and then as a dope boy in Carol City's notorious Matchbox housing projects. All the while he honed his musical talent, overcoming setback after setback until a song called "Hustlin'" changed his life forever.
From the making of "Hustlin'" to his first major label deal with Def Jam, to the controversy surrounding his past as a correctional officer and the numerous health scares, arrests and feuds he had to transcend along the way, Hurricanes is a revealing portrait of one of the biggest stars in the rap game, and an intimate look at the birth of an artist.
Rick Ross & Neil Martinez-Belkin
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