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← Federal law on inventions made with federal support, 4
Reagan's Executive Order 12591-2 →
Reagan's Executive Order 12591-1
Posted on February 11, 2019 by Gerald Barnett
[Some slight elaborations here and there. 1/6/2020.]
In 1987, President Reagan issued Executive Order 12591, which extended, sort of, the Bayh-Dole Act to all federal contracting. Let's work through EO 12591 and try to sort out this out. It's rather a mess. In doing so, we end up with something remarkably simple and direct to say about Bayh-Dole. It is worth working through the details to show how it comes about.
Here's the relevant bit of Reagan's EO 12591, with some parts in bold to mark points of interest:
(a) The head of each Executive department and agency, to the extent permitted by law, shall encourage and facilitate collaboration among Federal laboratories, State and local governments, universities, and the private sector, particularly small business, in order to assist in the transfer of technology to the marketplace.
(b) The head of each Executive department and agency shall, within overall funding allocations and to the extent permitted by law:
(4) promote the commercialization, in accord with my Memorandum to the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies of February 18, 1983, of patentable results of federally funded research by granting to all contractors, regardless of size, the title to patents made in whole or in part with Federal funds, in exchange for royalty-free use by or on behalf of the government;
Let's go down the rabbit hole. Reagan's February 18, 1983 Memorandum, however, does not mention commercialization. Here:
To the extent permitted by law, agency policy with respect to the disposition of any invention made in the performance of a federally-funded research and development contract, grant or cooperative agreement award shall be the same or substantially the same as applied to small business firms and nonprofit organizations under Chapter 38 of Title 35 of the United States Code.
Other than that Bayh-Dole is now Chapter 18, not Chapter 38–there is no chapter 38—of federal patent law, the memorandum extends at least some Bayh-Dole treatment to any contractor not otherwise specified by Bayh-Dole–any contractor other than a small business or nonprofit. That means foreign contractors and large company contractors, if they acquire title to an invention made under federal contract, can also choose to keep that title, subject to the requirement that they disclose the invention to the federal government (and the rest of the patent rights clause requirements in 35 USC 202(c) and the rest of Chapter 18), unless not permitted to do so by law (i.e., any of the Acts that Bayh-Dole asserts precedence over but presidential executive orders cannot).
But there are big differences between Bayh-Dole and Reagan's Memorandum. Whereas Bayh-Dole expressly preempts various specialty laws ("Acts") dealing with the ownership of federally supported inventions, Reagan's Memorandum is limited to treatment of contractors "to the extent permitted by law"–that is, to the extent permitted by those specialty laws that Bayh-Dole otherwise preempts for small businesses and nonprofits. While Bayh-Dole preempts most specialty laws, those same specialty laws preempt Reagan's Memorandum.
The effect of Reagan's Memorandum then is to amend the Nixon executive patent policy, which in turn amended Kennedy's policy. Nixon's patent policy, however, required codification. One would expect that when Reagan amended the Nixon policy, the amendments would be subject to the same codification requirement. Reagan's change skips the new codification step because it expects the codification done for Bayh-Dole to work for it, too–which is just what NIST tried to accomplish by conflating Bayh-Dole's "nonprofit organizations and small businesses" with everyone else and referring then to just "businesses." But doing so is nonsense, because Bayh-Dole preempts most other federal statutes and Reagan's Memorandum expressly does not. The upshot: if an invention is *not* a subject invention under Bayh-Dole, and no federal statute applies to it, then executive branch patent policy applies–back to the non-preempted version of Bayh-Dole's regulatory implementation–that is, 37 CFR 401–*not* Bayh-Dole the statute. Yes, two legal regimes–Bayh-Dole and Reagan–both use the same regulatory apparatus but with different import but made to look like they are exactly the same. Strange? Yes.
Bayh-Dole and Reagan also differ on their statements of policy and objective. They are not identical. This makes for conflation, non-compliance, and overreach. For instance, Bayh-Dole says nothing about promoting commercialization or transferring inventions to "the marketplace"–that's something specific to the executive order. Even the preliminary statement of the executive order mentions only "the development of new products and processes"–obliquely commercialization, though neither products nor processes have to be commercial in nature. A look at 35 USC 200, Bayh-Dole's statement of policy and objective, shows that the primary objective is to promote the utilization of inventions arising from federally supported research or development. The threshold for march-in compulsory licensing is practical application–use of inventions with benefits available to the public on reasonable terms, not commercialization. There is in Bayh-Dole no mandate for "commercialization" and no provision for dealing with contractors that fail to commercialize. True, there is a reference to commercialization in 35 USC 200, but it pertains to the promoting American industry and labor in the commercialization and public availability of inventions–if there is commercialization or public availability, then either should involve American manufacturing. (This requirement finds its expression in the unbearably weak provision of Bayh-Dole (35 USC 204) that only in cases of exclusive licenses to use or sell in the United States, the exclusive licensees must agree to source their product substantially from American manufacturers unless a federal agency waives the requirement.)
But Reagan's executive order mandates the promotion of "commercialization" by means of contractor ownership of, um, patents (not inventions):
by granting to all contractors, regardless of size, the title to patents made in whole or in part with Federal funds, in exchange for royalty-free use by or on behalf of the government;
I have highlighted oddities.
title to patents
Bayh-Dole does not grant anyone title to anything. The Supreme Court in Stanford v Roche (2011) made that clear enough even to scores of university lawyers who insisted that the law meant otherwise, even if it didn't read otherwise. Bayh-Dole applies only after a small business or nonprofit contractor has acquired an invention made with federal support. Neither Bayh-Dole nor Reagan's Executive Order grants title to inventions.
granting to all contractors
Furthermore, federal agencies don't have any title in such inventions to grant. Inventors own their inventions. If a contractor doesn't own an invention, then at least initially the inventor does, not some federal agency that handed out money. A federal agency might release a claim on title to an invention as a contract deliverable, were a contractor to obtain ownership or even if not, but how could any federal agency come to own inventions (or patents) made under contract in the first place, to be able to grant title to anyone? To be able to grant title, a federal agency would have to first obtain assignment of the invention (or there would have to be a law that made express Congress's intention to make a "sea change in intellectual property rights" (as the Supreme Court in Stanford v Roche put it).
If Reagan had wanted an operative Executive Order here, he would have insisted that government-owned, government-operated federal laboratories to take ownership of all inventions made under cooperative research or development agreements by contractors other than nonprofits and small businesses, and then require the federal agencies to assign the title they have obtained back to the contractors. That would almost work, except that Bayh-Dole stipulates how federal agencies may deal in inventions owned by the federal government, and assigning title outright is not there (though granting an exclusive license with the rights of ownership is).
Bayh-Dole's fundamental gesture is that small businesses and nonprofits can elect to retain title in the inventions that they acquire and which were made with federal support. They receive no grant of title from the federal government, nor from Bayh-Dole. They may notify the federal government that they will not give up title, and the government is conditionally required to acquiesce in the contractor's choice. Nothing more.
On the other side of Bayh-Dole–the part having to do with the disposition of federally owned inventions–ownership of inventions made by federal employees is dealt with under a different regime, based on President Truman's executive order 10096 and codified by 37 CFR 501. Bayh-Dole, by contrast, does not deal with how contractors obtain ownership, but only what federal agencies must do if a contractor or the federal government does obtain ownership, and what a federal agency can do if a contractor gains ownership but finds it doesn't want that ownership, or screws up in the administration of that ownership. Similarly, Bayh-Dole on the federal side does not stipulate how a federal agency acquires ownership of inventions made by federal employees, but rather deals with how federal agencies may license the inventions that they do acquire.
But here, in the passage quoted above, Reagan's executive order appears to require federal agencies to grant title to all contractors in patents that federal agencies do own. That would be a strange requirement as written, as there would be many co-owners, then, of each patent–all contractors. Or, more specifically, what is intended when multiple contractors work on the same project–in a consortium, or under a prime contractor that distributes multiple subcontracts? And how strange to restrict the grant of title to contractors and not everyone–why should contractors have any special priority for commercialization? Contractors are chosen based on their capacity to conduct research or develop products to government specifications, not to develop commercial products for a generic "marketplace." The companies that might excel in developing commercial products may not be at all the ones that excel at bidding for federal research contracts.
We are left with the idea that the executive order does not intend what the words say, but there's little to establish that intent but to say the executive order has made a hash of things and a plausible thing to expect is something rather different than anything put forward by the words.
The Reagan executive order focuses on patents, not inventions. The subject matter of Bayh-Dole, however, is patentable (or plant variety act protectable) inventions. While Bayh-Dole expects the patent system to be used in a relatively narrow way–to promote the utilization of inventions rather than, say, exploiting the patent monopoly right to maximize income–the Reagan executive order deals in patents directly. That's an odd switcheroo. Under Reagan's executive order, contractors do not hold title to patents until federal agencies grant them that title. That makes little sense, even if technically the Patent Office is in the Department of Commerce, which then might be thought of as in a way granting title to patents when it issues patents. But there's no need for an executive order for such a thing.
made in whole or in part with Federal funds
Reagan's executive order provides its own scope for the patents that are affected:
patents made in whole or in part with Federal funds
This scope is narrow compared to Bayh-Dole. Reagan's policy applies to *patents* not *inventions*, and further applies only when the patents are "made" using at least some federal funds. Literally, this would mean using federal funds to pay attorneys to draft patent applications and to pay USPTO fees. Ranging further afield, making "patents" mean "inventions," we are still left with a requirement to establish that federal money was used to *make* the invention. Either someone is hired expressly to invent what has been invented or money was used to actually reduce the invention to practice–building a prototype or conduct testing and the like. That's *nothing* like Bayh-Dole, where the issue is first what the full project was, and whether federal money supported any part of the project in which an invention has been made.
The Nixon patent policy gives a somewhat different scope:
inventions or discoveries made in the course of or under any contract of any Government agency
At least the Nixon patent policy specifies "inventions or discoveries"–tracking the statement of scope in federal patent law. "in the course of" makes clear that the scope is not merely what was specified to be done but also what has come about as a result of the actions to accomplish what was specified. Broader than Reagan. It's like the Reagan policy was drafted by incompetents.
"Made" has this meaning the Nixon patent policy:
the conception or first actual reduction to practice of such invention in the course of or under the contract
There's a tendency to attempt to harmonize the two texts, to settle on a meaning that might be approximately shared by both the Nixon policy and the Reagan policy. But if there were the case, there would be no particular reason for Reagan to state a scope. It would be enough to write that federal agencies should adopt the same protocols for large companies that they use for small companies, or that they should use Bayh-Dole's standard patent rights clause and procedures for administrating it in all funding agreements with contractors. But harmonizing the readings requires that we already know that Reagan intended that the executive order merely recite Bayh-Dole. Otherwise, we are left to consider that Regan may well have intended something different, for clearly no executive order can countermand federal statutes–so while Bayh-Dole may preempt statutes and the Nixon patent policy (and therefore even the Reagan revision of Nixon), the Reagan executive order cannot preempt those statutes, nor can it preempt Bayh-Dole.
In the Nixon patent policy, there's no "in whole or in part" language to the scope of interest. Reagan's addition of "in part" changes things considerably. If an invention is made "in part" with federal funds, it must have been also made "in part" with support from non-federal sources, if only one's personal time and effort. Reagan therefore substantially expands the scope of federal interest in inventions made with federal funding while at the same time Reagan restricts that scope to only those inventions for which some federal money was used in their making. It is all very strange, then, because the overall effect of the executive order is to concede that federal interest in inventions to contractors, but only for those funding agreements outside Bayh-Dole (not with small companies or nonprofits) and for patents (meaning, perhaps inventions) otherwise under the Nixon patent policy (because they meet the scope of interest set forth by the Nixon patent policy as modified by Reagan's executive order) and not under Bayh-Dole (because not owned by a party to the funding agreement).
What about Bayh-Dole's treatment of the scope of interest in inventions? Bayh-Dole has a different statement of scope than that of the Nixon patent policy or Reagan's revision. There's a whole book to be written about the matter, but the short of it is this:
35 USC 201(e):
The term "subject invention" means any invention of the contractor conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the performance of work under a funding agreement:
That is, in Bayh-Dole, an invention has to be owned by a contractor before an invention is a subject invention. In Reagan's policy, like that of Nixon, an invention merely has to be made with federal funds. Now consider "the performance of work." Here's Bayh-Dole:
The term "funding agreement" means any contract, grant, or cooperative agreement entered into between any Federal agency, other than the Tennessee Valley Authority, and any contractor for the performance of experimental, developmental, or research work funded in whole or in part by the Federal Government.
Shortened we have "funding agreement means any agreement for the performance of work funded in whole or in part by the federal government." Put the definitions of funding agreement and subject invention together, and one sees that subject inventions are those arising in a given "work"–regardless of whether one can show that federal funds were specifically used to make the invention. That's the necessary implication of "in whole or in part" used to modify "performance of work" rather than "invention made." In Bayh-Dole, it is not that an invention is funded in whole or in part, or even as Reagan has it, a patent (which makes no sense, or silly sense)–rather, it is that the work is the thing that is funded in whole or in part. "Under a funding agreement" then means for Bayh-Dole "in work funded at least in part by the federal government." The invention could arise anywhere in that work–so long as some part of the work is funded by the federal government. The invention does not have to be funded at all with federal funding–it is enough that the work in which the invention has arisen is funded at least in part by the federal government.
This is a huge difference. In the Reagan policy, one looks to see whether federal funds were expended in making a given patent, er, perhaps invention. In Bayh-Dole, one looks to see whether an invention has been made in a project for which the federal government has provided at least some funding to the project, even if the invention was not made with the direct use of any federal funds at all. Instance: a federal contractor recognizes that an area of federally funded research is ripe for invention and moves that work to a non-federal budget. An invention arising in that shifted work, therefore, would not be made with federal funding, but would be made within the project that has received federal support. Bayh-Dole protects against such practices (see 37 CFR 401.1 for the convoluted guidance). Reagan's policy does not. But perhaps there is no matter in the difference, as Reagan's policy stipulates that contractors may keep what they want to keep unless federal statute says they can't, and if Reagan's policy doesn't claim something only to release it to contractors, then contractors can keep that unclaimed stuff, too.
Reagan's executive order sets out an exchange: federal agencies grant title to patents to contractors in exchange for royalty-free right to use.
This is deeply strange. Get past the problems with federal agencies gain title to patents, or to inventions, in the first place. Imagine magic happens and federal agencies own inventions that inventors would otherwise own. The executive order stipulates that agencies are to grant title to contractors (that is, pass a thing of value to contractors) and the contractors as consideration for this thing of value grant back to the federal government a tiny portion of that thing of value.
The consideration for granting the whole thing is a tiny part of the thing. It cannot be. I give you a hundred dollars in exchange for one of those dollars back. You are paying me with what I gave you. There's no exchange of one thing for another. It's just a division of what I already have.
It's much worse than this in Regan's executive order, however. Under Bayh-Dole, there is no such "exchange." Contractors that acquire title to inventions made under federal contract are permitted to keep that title, on the condition that they disclose each such invention. No exchange–just a condition upon which a federal agency is prevented from requesting title. If a contractor fails to disclose, then the federal agency may request title.
Bayh-Dole specifies that in the provisions for a patent rights clause, for each invention that a contractor elects rights (i.e., elects to retain title), the federal government "shall have a nonexclusive, nontransferrable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice and have practiced for or on behalf of the United States." The scope is "practice and have practiced"–that is, "make, use, and sell," as the term "practice" was defined in the Kennedy executive branch patent policy and replaced with "make, use, and sell" directly in the Nixon revision to Kennedy–and the policy and its codification on which Bayh-Dole is built. The Bayh-Dole government license is much broader than that of the Reagan executive order.
And there's no exchange. It is not that the government lets the contractor to retain title in exchange for permission to use the invention–it is that the government waives its claim to receive title on the condition that the contractor agree it has no standing to file a claim in the Court of Federal Claims for compensation for the use of the invention by the federal government (for which see 28 USC 1498) or for any other practice of the invention. Again, no exchange. Just stipulations, conditions placed on contractor's continued ownership of inventions that otherwise might be considered contract deliverables.
This point is difficult. We are into the technical innards of federal patent policy. You're welcome. Enjoy the stink.
This entry was posted in Bayh-Dole and tagged 12591, Bayh-Dole, Nixon, Reagan. Bookmark the permalink.


Zoo Jihlava invites you for the 7. meeting of travellers, photographers, zoologists and Africa lovers.
Except lectures on Saturday in Centre PodpoVRCH and in a clubroom of the zoo there will be a rich accompanying programme.
On Friday 7.9. from 18.00 in the Centre PodpoCRCH there will be shown a film Under Sun Darkness, the winner of 15th International Festival of Documentary Films in Jihlava, entrance without registration and free.
On Saturday 8.9 in African village Matongo from 18.30 stylish clothes and at 20.00 theatre Cylinder performs Fire on the Mounatin – 5 Ethiopian fables.
On Sunday 9.9. in the zoo there will be held presentations of African culture, interesting projects and shown films. There will be introduced for example Centre Narovinu, NaZemi, ShineBean, Arcidiecézní charita Praha, Life Africa, culture of Tuaregs, dancing performance Shela and Al Fayyum dancers, dancing workshop of Monika Rebcová and you can watch films Okuhepa Africa, Africa obscura, Bama and lost gorillas and Under Sun Darkness.


Today, we will be introducing a pachislot machine of a highly popular content called "FAIRY TAIL".
We have just introduced its pachinko version last month, but its pachislot version is now making its debut!!
This new pachislot machine is loaded with a special monitor called "FAIRY VISION" that can change its size!!
This monitor will excite the players with its breathtaking renditions!!
Players should pay special attention to "FAIRY TIME" which decides the rendition to continue or not by battles.
The expectations for the win will increase if other characters gather during the jackpot round!!
Something will happen if Makarov, Laxus, Gildarts or Mystogan joins the battle!!
This new machine filled with endless excitement will make its debut right after the "Golden Week " in May!!


Learn the art of Modern Calligraphy in a 3 hour workshop with Betty Ling Calligraphy!
We will cover all the basics from understanding the tools of pointed pen calligraphy, basic strokes, forming letters, and developing a unique style.
Whether you're interested in learning a new form of art, looking to hone you current calligraphy skills, hoping for a fun hobby, or simply want to spend time with a friend learning something new, this class is perfect for you.
The post Fresh for Fall: Modern Calligraphy Workshop appeared first on Smitten on Paper.


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Home / brazil / Bolsonaro vetoed part of the project that amnestyed party fines
Bolsonaro vetoed part of the project that amnestyed party fines
brazil May 18, 2019 brazil
President Jair Bolsonaro sanctioned this Friday (May 17, 2019) a bill approved by Congress to amnesty the fines. However, he vetoed the Anistas regarding the return, collection or transfer to the Treasury of the donations made by civil servants who perform a function or position for which they were appointed.
This is the entire Law 13.831 / 2017 which amends Law 9.096 / 1995, which aims to guarantee the autonomy of political parties to determine the mandate of the members of their permanent or temporary party bodies; and makes other arrangements.
In a note (entirely), the government says the veto has occurred because the proposal was "Disparity in the current fiscal framework", as this would result in a denial of revenue flowing from it.
"In addition, the rules of Article 113 of the ADCT and Article 114 of the LDO, and there is no assessment of the exemption stemming from this amnesty in the process, with a detailed calculation of how the relevant source of compensation has been reached"– says the note.
The veto was sent to the National Congress, which will be analyzed by MPs and Senators who have the right to maintain or remove it.
The government is facing a serious public-sector problem that needs even unforeseen circumstances, that is, to block part of the budget of several ministries. Among them, the Ministry of Education, which blocks funds from federal universities, has prompted protests across the country against curbing university passages.
The passage is a veto in the bill that regulates the length of the mandates of party leaders. The draft law was approved by the Congress on April 25th.
PUNCTUAL TEXT
Part of the sanctioned project establishes:
women: parties that have not complied with the campaign to promote women's campaigns but use the money to fund nominations in the 2018 elections and also allow countries that still have resources from previous years to use the money by 2020;
accountability: for municipal authorities that have not moved resources or collected assets valued in cash, the alternate exempts them from filing exemption, debit and federal tax credits and accounts to the IRS;
Cadin: in all Electoral Court decisions to prepare accounts, even those rejected, partisan leaders can not be registered in Cadiz (Cadastro Informativo de Credits, which is not deprived of organs and federal entities);
Civil and criminal liability: the text defines subjective civil and criminal liability. They should only reach the head of the body at that time, not preventing current leaders from receiving funds from the Partisan Fund;
Bank account: the text stipulates that the national leadership of the Party will be obliged to open a bank account exclusively for the movement of the Party Fund and the application of the minimum means to encourage the participation of women;
Temporary directories:the provisional authorities of the parties may continue for a maximum of 8 years, and the legends will have the autonomy to determine the mandate of the members of the bodies, whether permanent or temporary.
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Bahia News / Health / News / After many interventions, Anvisa halts the import and distribution of Indian vaccines
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Val Marrivier makes an insinuation for Leo Diaz's disease: "I'll know what's going on sooner or later"
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BALKATA – Arsenal close to Everton's securing (Grémio)
Galaxy A10 vs Moto G7 Game: What's the best baritone in Brazil? | comparative

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After migrating a Windows SBS 2003 server to a Windows SBS 2008 server no new external (internet) mail is deliverd to the new server. E-mailing internal works fine.
Take a look at the properties and then the network tab, you probably see at receive mail from remote servers that have these IP addresses: only the internal ip addresses.
Change the command to your ip address in this example the server ip is 192.168.0.2.
Posted in Blog, Exchange 2007, SBS 2008 by ronnypot at July 23rd, 2010.


The WTF!? has been designed from the ground up to be the ultimate freestyle competition machine that has been developed to allow you to perform the most demanding tricks with ease.
The board features a new rocker line with a flatter section in the centre of the board to allow it to plane early with increased rocker on the tips to keep those landings smooth. There is a dynamic transition between these staged rocker lines which are designed to give the maximum pop off the water.
Pop is something we have to talk about with the WTF, every feature of the board has been built around not only giving the most pop possible but also making it easy to release it and control it. The outline of the board is both versatile and comfortable, the broad tips provide a huge platform for you to launch your tricks from, while also offering a stable landing area no matter how hard you are coming in from a move.
We are famous for our revolutionary HRD rail technology, with the WTF we have taken it a step further, it's not an HRD rail, but something unique to the board. Higher, thicker rails are present under the feet, offering maximum lift and balance while in the middle of the board and at the tips there is a thinner rail for improved grip.
On the underside of the board, you will find channelling and shaping to improve the grip and the release of water from the board. Helping you with speed and control at all times while you are on the water. These channels also break the surface tension of the water making the landings smoother and more manageable.
The deck of the board is completely flat, and with good reason, a flat deck provides a more consistent connection to the board for your bindings, no matter what brand you choose. This helps again with control and also makes it easy to get bindings that fit the board.
Once you are on the water, you will notice the speed at which the board travels and how effortless it is to ride. Pop is gained easily and no matter your speed or the state of the water you can be assured of a good take off every time you load up the edge. Landings are smooth, and the WTF has been designed to help you to complete your tricks with a higher consistency than ever before.
The board is available in three sizes: 136 x 41.5, 138 x 42 and a 140 x 42.5cm. All three sizes are quite large on purpose, the increased surface area helping to get you going early, but also providing a great platform for landing your tricks. This platform is further enhanced by the shaping on the bottom of the board, breaking the surface tension with ease and reducing the "slap" you can get from some boards.
The WTF is available in two graphics the standard WTF and the WTF Girl, both share identical construction with slightly less volume and more flex in the girl's version. There is also a WTF Next Generation model which features a slightly different shape and smaller dimensions and softer flex to help the younger riders rip on the water.
The board is equipped with our UNIBox fins, these offer better speed and improved glide with less drag thanks to their thinner profile.


Although organizers didn't know precisely how many American Indian tribes were represented at the powwow, Hansen said there were about two dozen tribes in Central California alone. "We also have tribes from outside of California, Navajos, Apaches from the southwest ... Seminoles, Cherokees, and Choctaws," he said.
The event included a competition with dancers dressed in elaborate costumes featuring feathers, face paint, bells, moccasins and seashells. Dancers were divided into categories based on gender and age to compete for a cash prize. Styles of dance included gourd dancing, feather dancing and jingle-dress dancing.


"Princess Diaries" actress Heather Matarazzo has no time for Charlize Theron's idea that pretty people don't get "meaty" movie roles.
The "Princess Diaries" actress said she felt like a "loser" after receiving feedback about her part, and it didn't help that she was only getting offered limited auditions from her agents.
The actress said she's now at peace with her self after that particular learning experience, but we're sure that reading Theron's comments didn't bring up good memories. For both Matarazzo and Theron, one point remains clear — it's tough being an actress in Hollywood.


text:
Q: Classify equilibrium points and find bifurcation points of a non-linear dynamic system Context: The question refers to computational physics of non linear systems with Mathematica.
Excercise:
Given the system $\{f_1: \dot{x} = a x + y + x^3, f_2: \dot{y} = x - y \}$:

*

*Find the equilibrium points and classify them.

*What kind of bifurcation is there and for what value of $a=a^*$ does it happen ?

*Draw the phase portrait for one $a<a^*$ and for one $a>a^*$.

Solution:
I calculate the equilibrium points by solving the system of equations $\{\dot{x} = 0, \dot{y} = 0\}$. I get three solutions: $(0,0), (-\sqrt{-1-a},-\sqrt{-1-a}), (\sqrt{-1-a}, \sqrt{-1-a})$.
My lecture notes mention that in order to classify an equilibrium point, I first need to find out the topology near the equilibrium points. This is done by calculating the eigenvalues of the following matrix:
\begin{equation}
A=
\begin{pmatrix}\frac{\partial f_1}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial f_1}{\partial y}\\\frac{\partial f_2}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial f_2}{\partial y}\end{pmatrix}_{(x_0^*, y_0^*)}
\end{equation}
As can be seen from the following screenshot (L1 are the eigenvalues of matrix A calculated at the 1st equilibrium point, at (0,0)), we can see that:

*

*for $a <-1$, it is $\lambda_1 < 0, \lambda_2 < 0$, therefore it is stable node.

*for $a>-1$, it is $\lambda_1 < 0 < \lambda_2$, therefore it is saddle.

My 1st question is: What does it happen for $a = -1$, where the eigenvalues become (-2, 0) ? My closest guess is to use the Hartman-Grobman theorem and say that the equilibrium point is 'linearly stable'. Is there anything I am missing here ?
My 2nd questions is: Regarding the bifurcation point,  by looking at the equilibrium points of the system, we deduce that at value $a=-1$ they change (the stable node becomes saddle and vice versa). Does that suffice to say that there is a bifurcation point at $a=-1$ ? Also for $a=-1$ the three equilibrium points collide to just one. How does that this fact fit with everything else ?

Update:
These are the phase portraits for $a<a^*, a>a^*$ with $a^*=-1$ being the bifurcation point:

A: As a check, for your linear stability matrix I get:
$$A = {\left. {\left( {\matrix{
   {3{x^2} + a} & 1  \cr
   1 & { - 1}  \cr
 } } \right)} \right|_{(x* = 0,y* = 0)}} = \left( {\matrix{
   a & 1  \cr
   1 & { - 1}  \cr
 } } \right)$$
which is presumably what you have as well.  By the way, did you switch notation from, $a \to \alpha $?
So the determinant, $\Delta $, and trace, $\tau $, are given by $-(a + 1)$ and, $a - 1$, respectively.
As you are aware, but just so we are on the same page, the classification of a given fixed point is determined by the values of $\Delta$ and $\tau$, for a given value of $a$.  As you mention, with $a<-1$, $\Delta>0$, so the fixed point is a stable node because, ${\tau ^2} - 4\Delta> 0$ with $\tau<0$, and for $a>-1$, you have a saddle node since the $\Delta<0$.
For $a=-1$ (assuming that by $\alpha$ you meant $a$) we have $\Delta  = 0$, which signals that you are at a bifurcation point, meaning that the topological structure of the phase diagram is transitioning at this value of $a$.  In your case the transition is from a stable node to a saddle node.
You can convince yourself of this visually in Mathematica by plotting something like:
PlotVectorField[{a x + y + x^3, x - y}, {x, -L , L}, {y, -L, L},
 Axes -> True]

For suitably chosen values of the parameters, $a$ and $L$.
There are conventions on how to classify the different types of bifurcations that can occur, e.g., saddle-node, transcritical, pitchfork, critical, Hopf, transcritical, etc.  See e.g.,  Strogatz for more discussion on the classifications, and in particular, to discover the type of bifurcation point you have in your system.
Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Probably the most underrated of Seths games, Lord 2 is a game my friends and I still lan once a year for 3 days straight OUTDOORS... If you want a link to the pictures of our krazy outdoor lans let me know. Anyways we always fight over the real estate, make fun of the person that gets killed by Neb, brag about who gets Koshi equipment first, etc..
Will always be the best MMORPG in my oppinion.
I really don't have to rave about this game, or its wonderful mods/community. And for those of you that played the Mili Vanill mod... Girl, you know its true.
If your not playing this game or havent played it, please find a server now. This game owns all other Flash multiplayer games. I aspire to by my own server in the near future.
What are you 3 favorite Seth games?
Yeah I've love see a pic of the outdoor lan. http://www.rtsoft.com/iB_html/non-cgi/emoticons/biggrin.gif I assume it's at night?
I actually made 3 Lord 2 IGMs in 2004 (one was a huge update version of an older one I did way back in 1998).
Another great BBS game. Couldn't get enough of it when I first discovered BBSing. I just loved killing other players http://www.rtsoft.com/iB_html/non-cgi/emoticons/biggrin.gif . I remember drawing how I pictured the level masters in the back of my school notebooks.
Very addictive. Loved all the dark humour. I had some real fun with this when it started.
Greatest...game...ever. And with the source code, I could use 24-bit color in my dmod, a demo of which is out.
I haven't played it a lot, but from what I've seen it's fun.
Am I the only one who loved this game? It's a shame it's so short.
I haven't played LORD2, though.
Rocked so much. Loved playing it on my local BBS. Loved running it on my BBS. Loved changing it into something completely different and setting up a long-running LAN game on my college network. One day I'll run another server. One day. Fabulous, underrated game.
Also under-rated; a couple of amusing "quirks" but endlessly entertaining, Planets: The Exploration Of Space was another stunning BBS game from The Way Before.
Wonderful fun; wish I could justify forking out to buy the server version of this, but I'd want more customisability than (I think) is currently offered. Still great for a quick blast now and then. All the fun of the fair. With dead people.
Rocked so much. Loved playing it on my local BBS. Loved running it on my BBS. Loved changing it into something completely different and setting up a long-running LAN game on my college network. One day I'll run another server. One day. Fabulous, underrated game.
Wonderful fun; wish I could justify forking out to buy the server version of this, but I'd want more customisability than (I think) is currently offered. Still great for a quick blast now and then. All the fun of the fair. With dead people.
dink smallwood,i played all the way to the end..
and yes, lord is my favorite, i have met a lot of real life friends via lord.
planets: teos was pretty good but never got the popularity of lord.


How is this for a summer vacation: Missouri to Oregon. 2,000 miles. 5 - 6 months. Walking most of the way. Of course, any ride in a buckboard, stagecoach, buggy, or prairie schooner was not the most comfortable. Is it any wonder that folks walked when they could--plus the fact that those wagons were chock full of stuff. "The Oregon Trail was much more than a pathway to the state of Oregon; it was the only practical corridor to the entire western United States." writes the website "The Oregon Trail" (america101.us/trail/Oregontrail.html). "The places we now know as Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho and Utah would probably not be a part of the United States today were it not for the Oregon Trail. That's because the Trail was the only feasible way for settlers to get across the mountains...The journey West on the Oregon Trail was exceptionally difficult by today's standards. One in 10 died along the way; the common misconception is that Native Americans were the emigrant's biggest problem en route. Quite the contrary, most native tribes were quite helpful to the emigrants. The real enemies of the pioneers were cholera, poor sanitation and--surprisingly--accidental gunshots." The BLM has a great page about the Oregon Trail for kids: blm.gov/or/oregontrail/education-kids-trail.php. Take a look at how these artists connected with wagons. Which one would you like to have ridden in for your pioneer trek?


text:
Hotel Paradise is a 1995 29min short film by director Nicolas Roeg and writer Michael Allin starring Theresa Russell, Vincent D'Onofrio, and Jimmy Batten. It was presented at the Montreal World Film Festival as part of trilogy with Sweeties by Cinzia Th. Torrini in Italian and Devilish Education by Janusz Maiewski in Polish.

References

1995 films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I paid a visit tonight to see April (the dog we adopted for a whopping 24 hours)... who is now living with Payton. I dropped off a big bag of dog food and a box of Milk Bones. He should now be set up for having April as a permanent addition to his household.
She's doing great. Payton seems to enjoy having her.


text:
Our Plan to Ride the "Biden Buyback Tax" to Big Gains (and 1 Ticker to Buy Now)
There's a group of dividend stocks out there that are set to skyrocket as the new "Biden buyback tax" rolls in.
These "dividend moonshots" are hiding in plain sight. Most people miss them because they're looking at the wrong numbers: they're obsessed with "first level" measures like dividend yields, P/E ratios or whatever.
But we second-level thinkers only need one indicator to find these cash machines, which are poised to profit in a surprising way as the new tax takes effect. I'm talking about a potent number called shareholder yield.
This metric isn't on any screener, so it takes a couple minutes' legwork to figure out. The payoff? It lets us sift out stocks that throw off 27%+ payout hikes, 6% yields and prices that soar 200%+. (I'm not making those stats up: I've found an overlooked steelmaker that delivers all three. I'll drop the ticker in a second.)
The Shareholder-Yield 3-Pack
I'll admit that "shareholder yield" sounds a little jargon-y, but it's really only made up of the three ways dividend stocks have to pay us:
The current dividend payout: This, of course, is the dividend we get after we buy. It's the one you see on your screener and on the research page of your brokerage account.
Dividend growth, which is highly underestimated by most folks, but it shouldn't be, because it increases the yield on our original buy and acts like a "magnet" on the share price, with the rising payout pulling the stock higher (we'll see this effect in real time in a moment).
Share buybacks, which cut the number of shares outstanding, juicing earnings per share and other per-share metrics (which tends to lift the share price).
Put all three together and you get shareholder yield. And by looking at the shareholder yield of our favorite dividend stocks, we can tell exactly which ones the looming Biden buyback tax is likely to send to the moon. I'll give you a head start by naming one of these tickers now.
Dividends, Buybacks and Payout Growth—This Steelmaker Uses Them All
Reliance Steel & Aluminum (RS) is a name members of my Hidden Yields service will recognize. Reliance is a California-based company that offers more than 100,000 metal products in various shapes and sizes.
Right off the bat, most "screener surfers" would turn up their noses at Reliance due to its "low" current yield of 1.8%. But let's ignore that for a second and factor in Reliance's payout growth, which has been spectacular. You can see its Dividend Magnet in action, too:
Reliance's Dividend Growth Drives Big Share-Price Gains
If you have any doubts that a rising payout is the No. 1 driver of share prices, this should put them to rest. The pattern is unmistakable! And because of that payout growth, folks who bought Reliance a decade ago (before we launched Hidden Yields) don't care about today's miserly 1.8% payout: they're yielding a stout 6.8% on their original buy!
This is, hands down, the safest way to get a high yield from a stock. And I fully expect that anyone who buys today will be looking at just as big of a yield on their buy 10 years out.
Now let's move on to buybacks, because they're the target of the Biden tax: Reliance is a heavy buyer of its own stock, so it's in the path of the new law: it's taken 10% of its shares off the market in just the last three years, boosting its free cash flow per share and dividends per share (and by extension helping lift its share price) in the process.
Buyback Tax Would Ignite Reliance's Dividend (and Our Gains)
So what does the new tax mean for holders of the stock?
If Reliance CEO James Hoffman does anything in response to the 1% Biden buyback tax, I can tell you what it'll be: he'll go around the tax by redirecting some of his buyback cash into dividends. And we know that Hoffman has no hang-ups about delivering big dividend hikes: Reliance's last one, announced in February, clocked in at a 27% increase!
That makes our strategy simple: we'll zero in on stocks like Reliance, that deliver big buybacks and healthy dividend payouts. That way, when the tax hits, they're more likely to shift toward dividends, giving us more of our return in cash and turning up their "Dividend Magnets" in the process.
(I've assembled a collection of stocks that regularly drop big buybacks and big dividend hikes on investors in the portfolio of Hidden Yields. I'll show you how to grab a free trial to the service, including instant access to this portfolio of dividend growers, below.)
Before I sign off, let me leave you with a simple way to calculate shareholder yield. Run this calculation on your favorite dividend growers and you'll see that you're likely getting a lot more than you'd think if you just looked at the stock's current yield on its own.
3 Simple Steps to Calculating Your Stock's "Real" Yield
To arrive at a stock's shareholder yield, just take the amount spent on share repurchases in the preceding 12 months, deduct any cash brought in through share issuances, then add in the total spent on dividends.
You then take that sum and divide it into the company's market cap, or the value of all its outstanding shares.
For Reliance, that comes out to $199 million spent on dividends and $510 million on buybacks in the 12 months ended June 30, 2022, for a total of $709 million in shareholder returns. So with an $11.75-billion market cap, Reliance sports a 6% shareholder yield—much more than the 1.8% current dividend yield you'll see on screeners.
7 More Shareholder Yield Buys Set to Soar (Thanks to Biden)
Reliance is just the start: my team and I have been focused on shareholder yields for years, and we've uncovered 7 other shareholder-yield all-stars almost everyone has missed. All of them are positioned to drop big cash returns on investors, through their strong current yields, dividend growth and share buybacks!
I've gathered these 7 stocks in an exclusive Special Report. I also want to give you a chance to road test Hidden Yields for 60 days risk-free and get instant access to all the "Biden buyback tax" winners in the service's portfolio.
Click here to get my complete strategy, the names of my 7 top dividend growers to buy now and your no-risk trial to Hidden Yields.


3) Describe problem: I cant seem to get the multiple fadeshows on 1 page. I (atleast i think) did everything just how im supposed to do but its not working. Maybe its just a stupid thing that i forgot but i cant find anything wrong. Im hoping that one of u guys can help me out with it.
If u can help me i would be very thankfull for it.
That red fadeimages and the ones that follow it should be fadeimages2. There could be other problems.
Now i hope it will also work for the rest of the fadeimage sets i want to create, but i think it will. otherwise ill come back!


At least 20 people have been killed after torrential rains triggered flooding in the US state of West Virginia. The storm dumped one-quarter of the state's annual rainfall in a single day.
Rescue crews picked up dozens of people from roof tops and stranded cars as the worst flooding in more than a century swelled rivers and streams in the Mountain State.
A weather system on Thursday dumped 23 centimeters (9 inches) of rain in parts of the state, forcing the governor to declare a state of emergency in 44 of 55 counties and deploy the National Guard.
The flooding left 66,000 people without power and hundreds stranded, including 500 people at a shopping center. Extensive structural damage was reported across the state.
"There have been towns that have been completely surrounded by water," said Tim Rock, spokesman for the West Virginia Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. "People say there is 8 to 9 feet (3 meters) of water in their house."
Among the 20 dead were two children, news agency AP reported.
Rains calmed on Friday and were expected to diminish.
The death toll from Hurricane Florence, which made landfall in North Carolina on Friday, has risen to 31. Authorities are warning that flooding could persist for several weeks in some areas with the "worst yet to come."
Germany has for years sought to strengthen its cooperation with Africa. This has led to a flood of concepts across various government ministries and a confusion of competencies. New guidelines are now on the table.


"Amazing love! how can it be That Thou, my God, shouldst die for me?" Lindell sang this hymn tonight at revival!
Our Jesus is an awesome, wonderful Lord. He is God! His sweet mercy, grace and forgiveness is unfathomable.
When we choose to follow the Lord, we sign a contract to give our lives away. Let that sink in for a moment. We must die to our dreams, ambitions, selfishness and other ties to the wordly ways.
We have become slaves to righteosness or slaves to doing what is right. Do you know what this means? How is this possible? It is only through the Lord and by what He has done that He gives us the ability to do this.
"A man's desperation for the things of God should melt away all preoccupations with self, notoriety, public image and social status. Your hunger and thirst, if it is genuine, will drive you to eat and to drink regardless of the opinions of others. You will be willing to be a fool in the sight of others, in order to be embraced in the arms of the Lord."
Jesus loved us so much that he came to this earth and spoke truth to us. He was then beaten, spat on, whipped, had a crown of thorns pressed onto His head all for us. He was then nailed to a cross all for us. At any moment He could have ended it all. Did he do that? NO! He loved us that much. Why did He do this? Why did He have to die?
Jesus came and died to turn death backwards. He did what Adam could not do. Now we can have real life, eternal life!


Atkinson Volume 1 / Have a Nice Collection!
FREE CLIPART! or a FREE FONT!
Don't need a whole font pak? Buy 'em ONE at a time!
But now the story has expanded! It's now 2014, our 22nd-year in business, and while the story's still not very glamorous, at least there's more to tell! For ya see, now the Fontry dudes are no longer the single guys who started a fledgling font empire. Yep, a few years ago, we both found women who would have us, and now we're packing wedding bands! James married the woman he had admired from afar for many years, while Mike (that's me!) got reacquainted with a high-school friend--quite by chance--and decided it was time for a relationship. James's wife, Lynn, supports him in all his font efforts, while LeVonna (my wife!!!) actually has some font work on this site to her credit. She's a real natural who can kick out letterforms like they're just so much simple math.
Together, along with friends who support, harass and just generally embarrass us, we all form the Fontry. It seems like ages since that first Greek Pak. Now we're working on digital revivals of vintage alphabets by the likes of Alf R. Becker and Frank H. Atkinson, as well as designing radical new fonts and clip-art that could someday be mainstream fodder. Well, it's been fun and it's getting better. As the year 2000+ rolls on, we've got a lot of fonts coming your way, not to mention the freebies every month or so! So please come back and visit us often! It gives us a purpose in life! Oh, and the Mr. Smiley guy who's all over the site, that was Stirling's idea. Mr. Smiley was originally a default character that eventually became our mascot.
Our Greek font pak for the fraternity and sorority niche. Having found very few interesting Greek alphabets on the open market, we compiled our own collection of Greek letterforms into a dozen or so typefaces. Thus was born Greek Pak No. 1, the Fontry, and all of the bizarre and radical fonts we've been creating ever since. That year was 1993, give or take a few months.
Demand was high, our response was slow. After too many years to count, we've finally released a new collection of Greeks fonts--GREEK PAK #1B is here!
DROEMING can be a dangerous affair, but with this font, you will find yourself quite safely seeing things others have yet to even imagine or believe in.


Life has a way of presenting us with new challenges and illuminating our paths to old age. We are born into this world relying on our parents and other loved ones for survival. It takes decades of life experiences to understand the magnitude and love behind parenting.
Eventually we hit our 40s, get married, establish a career and then, lo and behold we are hit with the epic scope of being parents ourselves. What we rarely, if ever consider in our journeys through life as young people, is the evolution from child to care giver for our parents.
We never picture our parents needing to rely on us when we are little. But time and age have a way of humbling us, of teaching us that to care for our parents is one of the greatest acts of reciprocal and unconditional love we can experience. It is akin to caring for ones children, yet somehow very different in dynamic.
For businesses in states with high retiree populations (think Florida, Arizona and New Mexico) elder care has become a big industry. It is estimated that over 78% of Americans will need some sort of paid, out-of-pocket form of nursing care once they reach the age of 65.
To make matters more interesting, the legalities of insurance, taxes, wills, and other variables in the lives of the elderly can seem increasingly complex and difficult to manage. When you are not proficient in the laws and options within your state concerning your home, finances, and estate, it is very difficult to make the smart, best choices for your life and for your heirs.
This is where attorneys specializing in elder care, wills and trusts, and special needs care fill a much-needed niche in both the legal and elder communities. Lawyers like Mark Shalloway of Shalloway & Shalloway provide special services in the form counsel on everything from inheritance tax liability to insurance options for the elderly.
For American businesses, consultancies and companies specializing in everything from nursing care, hospice and Alzheimer's care have made a bigger impact in state economies than could have been predicted even twenty years ago. These industries employ increasingly more numbers within our workforce and provide well-paying jobs, often with benefits. Between the legal and health care spheres of our economy, elder care and special needs care represent a large portion of the financial picture.


First off, I'm sad to see Google Reader is closing up soon (why so soon when other Google apps came with 12-18 months of notice?). I know some people that developed and worked on the product and to this day I use it several times a day to keep up on a few hundred blogs I follow (as well as weirder feed things like like recent comments in specific posts I'm interested in, obscure search results at ebay for items I'm tracking, and of course, mentions of my name or sites across blogs). I use the service almost as much as I use Twitter and it wasn't easy news to take, since I thought it'd always be around like water or electricity, run by the largest technology company on earth. Now I'm left second guessing using any Google product that doesn't clearly carry advertising on it, knowing the plug can be pulled at any time. I thought I'd write up some thoughts below and some quick reviews of alternates in the hopes others in the same boat can figure out what to do next.
I admit the world of RSS is a pretty geeky circle to run in (if you know what RSS stands for, you're officially in the club). You've got a mix of web technologists, nerds, and news junkies that are all so busy that they no longer want to browse the web, they'd rather check a stream of updates that were fetched for them. RSS is basically TiVo for the web, and like TiVo in say, the year 1999, only the hardest core nerds are interested in it. Most web users love it and find it useful once you explain how it works (sites publish a file that gets periodically checked and fetched, to be reposted in your client of choice for reading updates) but like TiVo, it's a huge hurdle to get over, to explain to people why this technology is worth it and saves so much time.
Why should anyone care about Google Reader?
Google Reader was the best of breed. It started around 2005 and became one of the first few web-based services for reading RSS. Up until then most people used a desktop app to read RSS feeds from sites, but I personally liked the flexibility of using a web browser on any computer to stay up to date on what I'd read (it's a lot like the old days of POP email, if your unread counts get out of sync across devices, email was harder to use). Around 2007, Google Reader started adding more features and getting easier to use, by 2010 Google Reader was getting fairly amazing, notifying you of new posts within seconds of them going up (relying on the global network of Googlebots scouring the web) and being able to provide feeds for pages without RSS.
My favorite time is around mid-2011, by then Google Reader was fast, easy to use, reliable, available on my mobile devices natively in a browser or also in a client like Reeder, and there was also a hidden social network of other news junkies and nerds. You could share items to the public or just your friends, you could comment on articles just among friends you'd connected with. I used to follow random people I didn't know in any other context but knew them through their amazing shared items. Most all the social stuff was stripped in late 2011 to make way for Google+ share buttons, but they didn't work the same and took your shared items away from Reader into an entirely other site so few people used them.
Google Reader announcing they are going away soon is a huge problem. It means the loss of a beloved app for a lot of nerds and news junkies, including a great number of journalists, not only those working in the technology field. It means a lot of tiny blogs won't get noticed as easily if we won't be able to easily monitor infrequently updated blogs written by experts. I'm convinced we'll see some effects of this closure on journalism, until writers scramble to find alternate ways to monitor thousands of contacts and researchers writing online.
While Google was innovating on Reader from 2005-2013, pretty much every competitor slipped away. Desktop clients were waning, web-based locally hosted readers gave up development as Google surpassed what a few small developers worth of resources could create and eventually many apps simply tied into a centralized Feed API Google launched so you could basically use Google Reader in different clients and interfaces, always keeping your sync/read numbers correct. Recently I noticed quite of lot of filtering has found its way into Google Reader, where I'm only presented with new posts from my most favorite sources at the top when my unread counts are high, which is a nice touch and points to some interesting AI happening in the background to figure those out for me.
1. The update bot – Google had the advantage of having not only thousands of server farms across the world but many thousands of bots running constantly across millions of sites every day checking for updates. Building a bot isn't the hardest thing in the world, but building one that can quickly scan through hundreds of thousands of sites a day is non-trivial and is a major endeavor. Keeping one running is more than a full time job.
2. Feed APIs – The central brain of any RSS reading app is often available via programming interfaces so your UI can stay in sync with your website view and mobile apps. A lot of current RSS readers rely on the Google Feed API that is likely going away, so it'll be a fairly big project for anyone to rebuild this for their app. I have heard talk of people trying to share resources here, attempting to make a centralized service others can use, but I don't have high hopes of that coming together in the very short time frame we have.
3. Search – I recall someone formerly at Google once telling me that providing custom search across all your feeds was a huge undertaking that basically requires a service to keep a copy of every blog post in every blog ever tracked in the entire system, and provide that indefinitely. I don't use search much in Google Reader but I hear that's a killer feature for many others. The feature obviously ramps up your storage needs for any project.
4. Economics – The toughest problem to solve is in the end, how many people would pay for building and maintaining a service? How many users did Google Reader ever have, and what small number would pay someone else to try and make something as good? This is the tough part and beyond a few thousand nerds, I'm not sure if you can convince a larger casual web audience that your product is worth paying for. A lot of outfits are trying to create magazine-like applications that suggest interesting articles from their system and that may be the way to lure the "normals" to a news reading service, but it's tough to say even after building the immense hardware and software required to run a reader-type app, if it's possible to support more than a tiny team of 2-3 programmers on the revenue from users. That said, I'm actually wary of RSS reading apps that don't charge. I want anything replacing Google Reader to stick around.
Feedbin: This is a nice simple reader interface, clean and doesn't get in the way. I'd describe it as feeling like 2007-era Google Reader before they added social features to the app. It costs $12/yr which is good to hear, but so far I've found myself having to click every headline to see a post, as it doesn't seem to offer the low-friction "river of news" showing all new posts from all the blogs you follow in a single stream that automatically marks themselves as read as you scroll. This also required an uploaded backup of my Google Reader blog list, causing it to think every single blog I follow had all new items. This meant I had to hit "mark as read" for all and start over.
Newsblur: A popular suggested service to me was this one, which is normally free up until I think 100 feeds then it is $24/yr and I saw a $36/yr option for the heaviest users. This service is slammed and took me a day to even sign up, but once on their development server, I was really happy with this. I could import my blogs directly from Google Reader and it maintained read/unread status for me. The feature set is really close to maybe 2010-era Google Reader, with a social component including sharing and comments from friends, but I also noticed comments on posts from random readers which could be kind of annoying. There are some attempts to filter items towards stuff you like most, but so far this one is the big champ for a reader replacement.
Feedly: Feedly is slick looking, but annoying in ways. It requires the use of a Chrome extension in my browser that also inserts a little ghosted share icon/feature into the lower right corner of every web page you view, which bugged me. The default views are trying to look like the Flipboard iPad app, but you can get a Reader-like view if you jump deeper into it. I gave up on this shortly after I imported my blogs from Google Reader as it seemed the service was also built on the Google Feed API and would need to transition off that soon. The service seems free so I'd be wary of jumping on board long-term as a replacement.
The Old Reader: This is something I dabbled with last year and coming back to it again I noticed it's pretty close to the way Google Reader looked and worked in 2010-11. They built it to bring back the sharing and commenting aspects, but the service is fairly slow since the Google Reader announcement and I didn't notice a way to pay for an account, so I'm not sure what the future prospects are for it.
There are a lot more options out there and since I tweeted what was essentially meant as a "I volunteer as Tribute to help build a new RSS reader" I've heard from another half-dozen or so developers and companies working on a Google Reader replacement, so expect to see many more options soon in the coming months.
Gmail is the best web app there is, period. It's also my sole interface to email. It's close to perfect, but a couple things keep me from calling it as such.
I have a few filters for mailing lists and email from my websites' contact forms, which each get labels. Stuff I filter on sender or receiver and label should bypass spam filters. Today I missed several messages addressed to my contact form and one mailing list message that was merely someone's eulogy of a lost friend. I don't think spammers are going to guess all my filter rules and labels to get around Gmail's spam-catcher so I think it'd be safe to skip the spam checks on any specially filtered or labeled mail. If you're on a mailing list that gets spam, you should probably fix it through your mailing list software, not your client. I can't have any false positives with private mailing lists (spammers will never join) or contact forms (it's my first point of contact with outside strangers and very important that I don't miss any).
I get a lot of phishing scam email that makes it into my inbox and Gmail's phishing reporting makes you think you're doing something substantial (it requires the extra step and all), but in reality I'll get several exact copies of things I've already reported as phishing scams minutes to hours after I report the first one. It'd be nice if Gmail would kill any and all future attempts that match previously reported phishing spam.


Regular sessions of cardiovascular exercise, such as swimming, are necessary to lower your body fat. ACSM advises five to seven sessions per week for 30 to 60 minutes to achieve significant weight loss.... This article is for teaching the butterfly stroke. I will do an article at a later stage to cover the coaching of the stroke. The double arm and leg movements demand a lot of strength and power from the swimmer and I do not recommend teaching the whole stroke to young swimmers.
Why Swimming Is Great for Your Body, Mind & Soul Log in. My Account. Saved Articles With swimming, you get the cardio portion of your workout while also working on an even body tone. Working out or swimming in water provides a certain degree of water resistance, which acts very much like weights do at the gym. However, submersion in water creates a more even, controlled resistance �... 28/12/2016�� I'm asking what the best workout program would be for me to achieve the goal physique. And as for losing weight - I do need to drop my body fat slightly lower otherwise I'll end up with loads of excess fat again along with the muscle built which I don't want.
One of the most popular misconceptions about the male swimmers physique (the classic V-shaped body type) is that the only way to achieve this look is by spending hours and hours swimming!
This article is for teaching the butterfly stroke. I will do an article at a later stage to cover the coaching of the stroke. The double arm and leg movements demand a lot of strength and power from the swimmer and I do not recommend teaching the whole stroke to young swimmers.
Competitive swimming is compatible with a wide variety of body types. There are, however, certain characteristics of a swimmer�s body that are common to most athletes in the sport.


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A recent study conducted by researchers at McMaster University suggests that a low calorie diet that is rich in proteins but low on carbohydrates is most effective in improving the bone health of overweight and obese young women when combined with physical exercise.
The researchers conducted the test on three different groups of obese and overweight women who were given low, medium or high amounts of dairy foods coupled with higher or lower amounts of protein and carbohydrates over a period of 16 weeks. All of the three groups also exercised every day including aerobic exercise and two additional workouts of circuit weightlifting per week.
The researchers found that the protein rich diet countered the accelerated bone loss during weight loss as it contained bone-supporting nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D and dairy-based protein.
"Our data clearly show dairy-source protein is important when aiming to avoid harmful consequences such as accelerated bone loss during weight loss. In our view, young women attempting to lose weight should consume a diet higher in dairy-source protein", lead researcher Andrea Josse said. The study has been published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.


The macro-block design of the tyre's outside shoulder provides a larger contact area, which can therefore adapt optimally to the road surface. The ContiSportContact™ 5 offers improved road grip and thus more safety when cornering.
When braking, the tyre has a high natural frequency within the compound. Short-chain polymers in the Black Chilli compound of the ContiSportContact™ 5 react to this braking frequency and thus provide optimal energy absorption. The resulting heat shortens the braking distance on wet and dry roads.
At a constant speed, the vibrations in the compound are significantly lower. The long-chain polymers within the compound can release the absorbed energy better, resulting in considerably reduced rolling resistance. Thus, the tyre runs more easily and remains cool – for a higher mileage and a reduced fuel consumption.


text:
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Young protesters around globe demand climate change action
Climate protesters demonstrate in London, Friday, Sept. 20, 2019. Protesters around the world joined rallies on Friday as a day of worldwide demonstrations calling for action against climate change began ahead of a U.N. summit in New York. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein)
NEW YORK (AP) — A wave of climate change protests swept the globe Friday, with hundreds of thousands of young people sending a message to leaders headed for a U.N. summit: The warming world can't wait for action.
Marches, rallies and demonstrations were held from Canberra to Kabul and Cape Town to New York.
The "Global Climate Strike" events ranged from a gathering of about two dozen activists in Seoul using LED flashlights to send Morse code messages calling for action to rescue the earth to Australia demonstrations that organizers estimated were the country's largest protests since the Iraq War began in 2003.
"Basically, our earth is dying, and if we don't do something about it, we die," said A.J. Conermann, a 15-year old high school sophomore among several thousand of young people who marched to the Capitol building in Washington.
"I want to grow up. I want to have a future," Conermann added.
In New York, where public schools excused students with parental permission, tens of thousands of mostly young people rallied and marched through lower Manhattan.
"Sorry I can't clean my room, I'm busy saving the world," one sign declared.
And in Paris, teenagers and kids as young as 10 traded classrooms for the streets. Marie-Lou Sahai, 15, skipped school because "the only way to make people listen is to protest."
The protests were partly inspired by the activism of Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg, who has staged weekly "Fridays for Future" demonstrations for a year, urging world leaders to step up efforts against climate change.
"It's such a victory," Thunberg told The Associated Press in an interview in New York. "I would never have predicted or believed that this was going to happen, and so fast — and only in 15 months."
Thunberg is expected to participate in a U.N. Youth Climate Summit on Saturday and speak at the U.N. Climate Action Summit with global leaders on Monday.
"They have this opportunity to do something, and they should take that," she said. "And otherwise, they should feel ashamed."
The world has warmed about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 Fahrenheit) since before the Industrial Revolution, and scientists have attributed more than 90 percent of the increase to emissions of heat-trapping gases from fuel-burning and other human activity.
Scientists have warned that global warming will subject Earth to rising seas and more heat waves, droughts, powerful storms, flooding and other problems, and that some have already started manifesting themselves.
Climate change has made record-breaking heat temperature records twice as likely as record-setting cold temperatures over the past two decades in the contiguous U.S., according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data.
Nations around the world agreed at a 2015 summit in Paris to hold warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) more than pre-industrial-era levels by the end of this century.
But U.S. President Donald Trump subsequently announced that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the agreement, which he said benefited other nations at the expense of American businesses and taxpayers.
Trump called global warming as a "hoax" before becoming president. He has since said he's "not denying climate change" but is not convinced it's manmade or permanent.
New York protester Pearl Seidman, 13, hoped the demonstration would tell the Trump administration "that if they can't be adults, we're going to be adults. Because someone needs to do it." At least one Trump supporter waved a large "Trump 2020" flag as the demonstrators marched in Manhattan.
Friday's demonstrations started in Australia, where organizers estimated 300,000 protesters marched in 110 towns and cities, including Sydney and the national capital, Canberra. Demonstrators called for their country, the world's largest exporter of coal and liquid natural gas, to take more drastic action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Acting Prime Minister Michael McCormack — filling in while Prime Minister Scott Morrison was on a state visit to the United States — said Australia was already taking action to cut emissions. McCormack called the climate rallies " a disruption" that should have been held on a weekend to avoid inconveniences.
Many middle schools in largely coal-reliant Poland gave students the day off so they could participate in the rallies in Warsaw and other cities, and President Andrzej Duda joined school students picking up trash in a forest. German police said more than 100,000 people gathered in front of Berlin's landmark Brandenburg Gate, near where Chancellor Angela Merkel's Cabinet thrashed out the final details of a 54 billion euro ($60 billion) plan to curb Germany's greenhouse gas emissions .
Thousands of schoolchildren and their adult supporters demonstrated in London outside the British Parliament, some holding placards with slogans including "Don't be a fossil fool" and "Make our planet Greta again," in a reference to Thunberg.
The British government said it endorsed the protesters' message but didn't condone skipping school — a stance that didn't sit well with some of the young protesters.
"If politicians were taking the appropriate action we need and had been taking this action a long time ago when it was recognized the world was changing in a negative way, then I would not have to be skipping school," said Jessica Ahmed, a 16-year-old London student.
In Helsinki, the Finnish capital, a man dressed as Santa Claus stood outside parliament holding a sign: "My house is on fire, my reindeer can't swim."
Smaller protests took place in Asia, including in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong and India.
"We need to reclaim our constitutional right to clean air and water," said Aman Sharma, a 16-year-old protester in India's capital of New Delhi.
In the Afghan capital, Kabul, an armored personnel carrier was deployed to protect about 100 young people as they marched, led by a group of several young women carrying a banner emblazoned with "Fridays for Future."
"We know war can kill a group of people," said Fardeen Barakzai, one of the organizers. "The problem in Afghanistan is our leaders are fighting for power, but the real power is in nature."
In Africa, rallies were held in Johannesburg and the South African capital, Pretoria, as well as Kenya's capital, Nairobi, where some young protesters wore hats and outfits made from plastic bottles to emphasize the dangers of plastic waste, a major threat to cities and oceans.
Africa is the most vulnerable continent to climate change and the least equipped to deal with it, experts have said. Governments have pleaded for more support from the international community.
Climate change "is worse than homework," one sign proclaimed.
by Mike Kretz / Jan 15, 2021
WASHINGTON (AP) — Chuck Schumer is used to drinking from a firehose. But the incoming Senate majority leader has never taken on such a torrent of challenges, with the opening days of both the Biden administration and Democratic control of the Senate coming at the very moment an impeachment trial gets underway.
A 38-year veteran of Congress who first came to the Senate during President Bill Clinton's impeachment, Schumer is a 70-year-old bundle of energy with one overriding mandate: Help Joe Biden become a successful president. To do so, he'll have to leverage the narrowest possible majority — a 50-50 Senate with the incoming vice president, Kamala Harris, delivering the tiebreaking vote.
WASHINGTON (AP) — President-elect Joe Biden already faces the daunting task of steering a newly announced $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief bill through a closely divided Congress as the pandemic and its economic fallout grow.
Now Biden will have to do it with President Donald Trump's impeachment trial beginning potentially as soon as his first day in office.
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Twitch has announced today via the official Twitch blog that Twitch Prime members get up to one year of Nintendo Switch Online access included. Instead, you can only claim the first three months now and the final nine months after 60 days. If you had already paid for Switch Online for a year then this free subscription will be added as an additional period so it's still worth to claim.
If you already have Nintendo Switch Online, you'll get additional free time added to your account. Online services used to be free before the Nintendo Switch Online app launched in late 2018, but now it'll cost you $19.99 per year.
And that's it: you're done and can start enjoying the benefits of Switch Online membership.
The only condition is you must have an Amazon Prime account which you intend to use for at least 60 days. So there's plenty of time to claim the offer.
Nintendo Switch Online provides a range of benefits for its users, from allowing players to access online multiplayer games, play classic NES games and access cloud saves for games that support the feature.
Amazon will not immediately roll out the full 1-year subscription for Nintendo Switch. If not, you'll need to create an account.
This will hopefully strengthen the numbers of Online Service subscribers for Nintendo, while also making the service more reasonable of a purchase for fans. If that's the case, Amazon has a new perk for you in the form of a free subscription offer. The nine-month membership will no longer be available after January 22, 2020. Note that this won't work if you've used the trial in the past.
You can also see if the offer has been Claimed and view Frequently Asked Questions on the Twitch Prime offer page.


text:
The Cloud expands its hotspot coverage
The UK-based Wi-Fi provider says its purchase of a German aggregator makes it the leading hotspot provider in the UK and Germany
By David Meyer | January 17, 2008 -- 12:41 GMT (04:41 PST) | Topic: Networking
The Cloud has bought a German hotspot aggregator that supplies Wi-Fi services to four- and five-star hotels across that country.
The UK-based hotspot service provider already has over 3,500 access points (APs) in Germany, but the acquisition of GlobalAirNet AG (Ganag) adds a further 5,300 APs — located in over 300 hotels — to that roster.
Overall, The Cloud now boasts more than 25,000 hotspots across the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and the Netherlands.
"The Cloud is a fast-expanding European mobile wireless broadband service provider with market leading positions in the UK and Sweden and now, as a result of this transaction, we are also the leading independent Wi-Fi operator in Germany," said Steve Nicholson, The Cloud's chief executive, on Thursday. "We predict that the mobile industry will continue to wrestle with poor performing data networks over the coming 12 to 18 months. We therefore see a significant opportunity for The Cloud as the imagination of the mass market is captured by the arrival of new multimedia Wi-Fi-enabled mobile devices throughout 2008."
Depending on usage levels and chosen tariffs, Wi-Fi access is generally still a cheaper option for business travellers in Europe than 3G-based mobile data access, thanks to hefty data-roaming surcharges.
However, there are now signs that data-roaming prices are to fall. Fresh from its victory over operators on voice-roaming tariffs, the European Commission has threatened to put similar caps on data charges, and on Monday the operator Telefonica/O2 announced it would drastically reduce such charges in the first half of this year. Other UK operators have yet to follow suit.
Hotels in Germany with Ganag hotspots include the Marriott, Swiss Hotel and Crowne Plaza chains. The Cloud has not disclosed how much it paid for the Munich-based hotspot aggregator.
Cloud Internet of Things Security Data Centers


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Armour and Pads
Endura MT500 knee pads review
No-frills performers
GBP £55.00 RRP | USD $87.43 Skip to view deals
By Robin Weaver
Published: June 11, 2011 at 4:00 pm
A well-designed set of pads that stay in place, offer good coverage and are breathable
These well thought out pads from Endura offer good knee coverage, which extends to the upper shins too. They're surprisingly breathable and even when you're pouring with sweat, they'll stay firmly in place.
The memory foam inserts are sturdy enough to take a knock and the Kevlar panels shrug off the scuffs well too. The only real niggle we have is that some of the heavy stitching at the rear of the knee can begin to irritate after really long stints in the saddle.
Name MT500 knee pads (11)
Brand Endura
Clothing Sizes Available L/XL S/M
Robin Weaver
Technical editor-in-chief
Technical editor-in-chief, Rob Weaver, manages all of the testing here at BikeRadar and across our magazines, Mountain Biking UK and Cycling Plus. Rob first graced the pages of MBUK back in 2001 when working as a freelancer and went on to start testing bikes for the title in 2007. In 2010 he joined the team full-time and has been keeping a close eye on all things test-related ever since. Rob's expansive knowledge of bikes comes courtesy of his passion for racing. He cut his teeth racing cross-country mountain bikes in the early 90s before finding his feet in the discipline of downhill. After many years competing on the UK national circuit (including a year attempting to race UCI DH World Cups), Rob realised his know-how and passion for bike setup, tech and writing clearly outweighed his racing ability. A degree in Sports Technology and decades of riding experience all help to give Rob a thorough understanding of what's needed to create a great bike or product. It helps that he's more passionate about riding than ever and will spend much of his free time consuming just about every bike-related publication he can get his hands on. While Rob's a mountain biker at heart and never happier than when he's sliding down a Welsh hillside, he's more than happy to put the miles in on the road or gravel bike, too.


text:
Q: Handlebars precompilation via nodejs fails on Cloud9 I am using handlebars template precompiler for express (https://github.com/diffsky/hbsc) to precompile my templates in nodejs.
It works great when i do it localy but when i try it in cloud9 ide (https://c9.io) it works the first time and then i only get exceptions.
This is my configuration from app.js
var hbsc = require('hbsc');
    hbsc.compile({
      dir: __dirname + '/views/public',
      outfile: __dirname + '/public/javascripts/compiled-templates.js',
      extensions: ['hbs', 'handlebars']
    });

This is my simple template
All users

    {{#each this}}

{{email}}

    {{/each}}

And this is the exception that i am getting
/var/lib/stickshift/5168822b4382ec505c0000ba/app-root/data/471704/views/public/listusers.handlebars:1
(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) { All users
                                  ^
SyntaxError: Unexpected token <
    at Module._compile (module.js:437:25)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Module.runMain (module.js:492:10)
    at process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback (node.js:244:9)

If i remove the compiled template file and try again after a while, it succeeds (sometimes) but if i change a template the error returns.
Again, this code works perfectly when run localy so it looks like that cloud9 handles something differently.
This error really puzzels me since I find no logic in it. Can anybody help me with any insights on where to begin looking to fix this problem?

A: It was a conflict between the handlebars templates for the server and the ones on the client. I was using express3-handlebars to compile templates for the server and the error came from that compiler, not the client-based one.
My solution was to rename the client templates to .html instead. This way the two compilers seems to get along.
I still can't explain why I never got the same error on my local nodejs installation though.


All WHITE PINES homes currently listed for sale in Sandy as of 04/18/2019 are shown below. You can change the search criteria at any time by pressing the 'Change Search' button below.
"** Model located at 186 White Spruce Cove ** . Prideful Builder, who pays attention to the details. There are 7 Townhomes left. Come in and pick out your personal colors in Flooring, Paint, Countertops, Cabinets, Lighting etc. Once you have chosen your interior selections, the builder needs 4-5 weeks to complete. That is a Quick Move In for new construction. Private backyard, which is rare to find in a Townhome community! The master has two separate walk in closets!! Finished Basement!!! Pictures are of completed Model Home in community. They are for reference only and do not represent options selected for this property. Please contact Jennifer, for Builders REPC and required paperwork, for all offers. Lot Premiums apply and vary on each available Lot. This Lot Premium, will be added to purchase price . "
"** Model located at 186 White Spruce Cove ** Prideful Builder, who pays attention to the details. There are 7 Townhomes left. Come in and pick your personal colors in Flooring, Paint, Countertops, Cabinets, Lighting, etc. Once you have chosen your interior selections, the builder needs 4-5 weeks to complete. That is a quick move in for new construction. Private backyard, which is rare to find in a townhome community. The master bedroom has 2 separate walk in closets with an En Suite . Finished basement!! Pictures are of the Model, they are for reference only & do not represent options selected for this property. Lot Premiums apply and vary on each available Lot. This Lot Premium, will be added to purchase price . "


text:
Simulation of an accessible election
Video Embeded From https://www.youtube.com/embed/ncrWVlNvZU0?wmode=opaque
Produced by the General Election Network for Disability Access (AGENDA), this video describes how elections in Indonesia should be conducted to be fully inclusive of all citizens, including those with a disability. This simulation is based on information from a manual produced for poll workers by an Indonesian election managment body (Komisi Pemilihan Umum, or KPU).
Narrator: Elections are an important moment in democracy. This is the time when citizens can express their political rights. In Indonesia, elections are regulated by state law and EMB regulations. This is a simulation of accessible elections for persons with disabilities.
(scene changes to an outdoors polling station)
Narrator: Polling stations have to display information on how many voters are registered in the area and display it in the entrance to the polling station. Information also includes the types of voters' disabilities. Voting begins with an inauguration ceremony for seven poll workers who are bound under oath to work fairly and justly. Polling stations are also attended by officers from election monitoring bodies. Poll workers explain the tools that are available for the visually impaired such as a braille template, and also a form for an assistant, should it be needed by voters with disabilities.
(Voter using a wheelchair enters polling station)
Narrator: Arriving at the polling station, a voter must first register their identity at the registration desk. Here we see an example of an accessible polling station for mobility impaired persons. As stated by the KPU Election Manual, Article 22, Paragraph (1), polling stations have to be located in accessible locations on flat, smooth surfaces, and not cross over ditches and not go through stairs. Therefore, for wheelchair users, it is important to have smooth surfaces and spacious room for them to move. The voting booth must be stationed at a place that enables wheelchair users to comfortably slide their wheelchair underneath. The voting box also must be easily reached. After casting their votes, wheelchair users must be able to exit the polling station without difficulty. Similar accessibility also applies for persons that depend on crutches. If the polling station is inside a room, attention must be paid to make sure the entrance and exit are accessible.
(Voter who is blind and is using a cane enters the polling station)
Narrator: Visually impaired persons must be given assistance from registration onwards. Assistance can be provided from poll workers or a person of their own choosing. The chosen assistant must fill in the assistance form and declare that they are bound to secrecy with the voter. The poll workers must provide a braille template to help voters with visual disabilities. An assistant can provide help so the voter with disabilities can cast a vote. It is now being advocated in Indonesia for the template to have a special marking to help determine the correct side. That way, the visually disabled can insert the ballot into the template and cast their vote independently.
(Voter with an intellectual disability enters the polling station)
Narrator: The main challenge for persons with intellectual disabilities is to understand the correct procedures and instructions. Therefore, polling workers are advised to explain clearly and slowly to ensure voter understanding. Persons with intellectual disabilities can cast their votes with the help of an assistant. But, if they are able to understand the instructions, they can also vote without any help.
(Voter who is deaf enters the polling station)
Narrator: People with hearing impairments are specially challenged when it is time for them to come to the voting booth. Therefore, it is important that they inform poll workers of their disability. This information will help the poll workers to provide a way to help them. In this example, we see a poll worker displaying a written sign to call up the voter and tapping their shoulders to inform voters of their turn. Participation in elections is a very important expression of human rights. This simulation aims to create awareness about the needs of persons with disabilities for an accessible election so they can fully exercise their political rights.
-- End of transcript --
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text:
Megachile xylocopoides, the carpenter-mimic leafcutter bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853 and named for its superficial similarity to the carpenter bee genus Xylocopa

Its range is the United States from eastern Texas to southeast Pennsylvania.

References

External links
 http://www.buzzaboutbees.net/Carpenter-Mimic-Leafcutter-Bee.html
 http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Megachile+xylocopoides&flags=subgenus:
 https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/323780-Megachile-xylocopoides

Xylocopoides
Insects described in 1853


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