WHY THE ISSUE OF AUDIORECORDINGS SHOULD MATTER TO YOU!
A few years ago, I was involved in an extended bit of litigation before Judge Herbert Barall, and he made the comment in open court stating, "I am God." Being a fairly scrupulous litigant, I then purchased the transcript of that hearing in the hope that I could get that interesting remark memorialized on paper. However, when I received a copy of the transcript it had been excised from the record of the hearing.
A similar situation occurred when I was in a hearing with Judge Constance Epstein who very memorably presided over my divorce and denied me some of my most basic constitutional rights.
One of my attorneys lied in order to wiggle his way out of representing me because I had run out of the money necessary to pay his fee and Judge Epstein gave him free rein to do so. Of course, as we all know, without any money you are highly unlikely to be able to hire another attorney, so I asked her, "How am I going to hire another attorney. I don't have any more money." Judge Epstein responded, "Go get it where you got it before."
Again, I purchased the transcript in order to capture that lovely piece of advice, but again, it has been excised from the record of the hearing. This is why litigants such as myself are beginning to put considerable pressure on the CT Judicial Branch to provide us, upon request, with copies of the audiorecordings of the legal proceedings in which we take part.
If Judges are going to make outrageous remarks, if they are going to berate us, harass and threaten us, or otherwise humiliate or demean us, we want that on the record so these judges can be held to account, and we would like access to that record.
Naturally, we are facing considerable opposition in this regard. Recently, the "Connecticut Law Tribune" reported, or rather publically mocked (which makes sense since it is the tool of the CT Bar Association) Connecticut citizen, Adam McNiece, who is suing the Connecticut Judicial Branch for refusing to provide him with audiorecordings which he needs in order to obtain equal access to legal proceedings based upon his disability of migraine headaches.
At this point, I am not sure if this litigation is justified on either side, and I will tell you why. There are three ways in which audiorecordings become important. They are important as the official record of what took place in court. The parties in the case, as well as judges when they make their decisions, can cite this official record, the audiorecordings, in making an argument in support of their positions.
Then there are non-official audiorecordings of legal proceedings which do not make up the official record. These can be produced by members of the media in support of their note taking, and they can also be produced, based upon 1-10b of the CT Practice Book 2015, with advanced permission by a judge, by members of the public, also for note taking purposes.
I am assuming that this section of the Practice Book allows any of the parties to ask permission also to make his or her own audiorecordings, but again those would be for note taking purposes only and could not be quoted as part of the official record.
My question is, when Mr. McNiece submitted his request for the audiorecordings of the legal proceedings in his case, was he asking for the official record or was he asking for the opportunity to make his own audiorecordings? My best guess is that like many Judicial Branch litigants, Mr. McNiece was not informed of the fact that he could ask the judge for the opportunity to make his own unofficial audiorecordings of the proceedings according to the Practice Book rules.
Plus, because the court officials who handle the requests for ADA modifications are so hostile to the implementation of the ADA and won't provide any more information than they have to, in violation of the obligation to provide an interactive process, it is highly unlikely that they informed Mr. McNiece that this was an option.
You would think they would want to be as cooperative as possible, simply to avoid the kind of litigation that Mr. Adam McNiece has now engaged the CT Judicial Branch in, but this is not the case. The CT Judicial Branch is so adamantly opposed to the implementation of the ADA, that it will literally invite litigation and obstruct the ADA whenever possible, even when there are very simple solutions to the issues that litigants with disabilities approach them with.
Of course, I see that the CT Judicial Branch has this negative attitude towards the ADA, and in the minds of court officials this might justify inviting litigation against the Judicial Branch. On the other hand, what this means in real terms is that we, the Connecticut taxpayers, are forced to pay for their intransigence by financially supporting all of the litigation!
Now, the reason, ostensibly, that court officials are saying litigants shouldn't have access to the audiorecordings of legal proceedings is because we might cut and paste them or in some way alter them to bring embarrassment down upon the Connecticut Judicial Branch and its employees. But the reality is that the only folks that have done this so far are the Connecticut Judicial Branch's employees themselves. So what this pretty much adds up to is the kettle calling the shiny pot black contrary to the evidence.
The Connecticut Judicial Branch wants to reserve the right to alter the record as it pleases, but it will be darned if litigants or members of the public do the same thing.
Of course, I am not clear that the public has ever done such a thing, whereas there is clear evidence that employees of the Connecticut Judicial Branch have indeed altered the official record somewhere along the way as the contents of the audiorecordings have been translated into transcripts.
The bottom line is that this website exists, as does many others, because people such as me have been denied our constitutional rights in court. We have seen court procedures subverted, witnesses improperly barred from coming to court to provide their testimony and seen evidence used against us that was created by fraud. We have seen GALs, attorneys, and judges conspire against us, and as a consequence we believe the system to be completely corrupt.
The only way to combat that corruption is to make sure that the courts throughout the State of Connecticut are open and transparent. The only way you can do that is to make audiorecordings fully available to citizens of the State of Connecticut who request them. In fact, most of us are convinced that it will not just require open access to audiorecordings--the time is going to come when videocameras must become omnipresent in all courtrooms.
Members of the audiorecording subcommittee expressed concern about such access exposing vulnerable populations to scrutiny, for example, juveniles and victims of sexual crimes. In those cases, I can see that the Court might wish to reserve the option to restrict audiorecordings of such proceedings to the parties in the case, or to individual members of the media who agree to restrict their use of such recordings to making sure their notes are accurate. Nonetheless, we all know anyway that in the majority of cases most of the people requesting audiorecordings are going to be the parties in the action. Most court actions just aren't that interesting except to the people involved in them.
Other than that, the only people who have objected to providing those audiorecordings are court reporters who have ulterior motives since they currently charge litigants thousands and thousands of dollars for transcripts of those recordings. So what matters more? The greed of court reporters or the citizens of the State of Connecticut who pay their salaries and still have to pay extra for court transcripts.
In contrast, audiorecordings shouldn't cost more than the cost of the disk which is what--five dollars or so?
The reason we have such corruption in the courts throughout the State of Connecticut is because there is so little accountability. Audiorecordings provide a considerable amount of that accountability. For anyone in the State of Connecticut who is concerned about justice, who might conceivably one day end up being the focus of a legal proceeding, your access to these audiorecordings is essential to preserving your legal and constitutional rights. Media members of the subcommittee on audiorecordings expressed their view that these audiorecordings are inherently the property of the general public. I absolutely agree to that sentiment and so should anyone who is concerned about fairness and justice in courts throughout the State of Connecticut.
DIVORCE IN CONNECTICUT: COLLECTION OF ARTICLES ON AUDIORECORDINGS!
PART II: CASE STUDY ON THE CT JUDICIAL BRANCH'S LACK OF COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL ADA LAW!
As I previously mentioned, I had been speaking by email to Attorney Maureen Finn, the spokesperson for the CT Judicial Branch in regard to the ADA, attempting to find out how a person with a disability could obtain the reasonable modification of audiorecordings for his or her disability. I had asked, "Would there ever be a reasonable basis for turning down such a request?" On September 9, 2014, her response had been, "I prefer not to speculate about possibilities."
Of course, this is not so much about "possibilities" so much as it is a question of what I can say as an ADA advocate to a person with a disability who is trying to establish what reasonable modifications he or she is entitled to. Simply put, I would like to be able to say with some measure of clarity that "yes" audiorecordings are available or "no" they are not!
Naturally, this was all very discouraging to me and so I shut down for a few days and spent some time on researching the subject of audiorecordings on the internet. I am the kind of person who has been trained to advocate and to ask questions, so no matter what barriers I face, I am likely to return with further questions as needed. However, what about some of the others who are members of this vulnerable population of individuals with disabilities. Many of these folks do not have the ability to deal with the kind of obstruction that the Judicial Branch gets up to, particularly the use of bureaucratic double talk which prevents people from figuring out what their rights are.
After gathering together my emotional resources, on September 15, 2014, I sent out another email to Attorney Maureen Finn where I stated, "I think it is reasonable to request information from the Judicial Branch regarding what criteria an individual would have to meet in regard to a disability in order to qualify for the reasonable modification of the use of audiorecordings."
I further stated, "Without specific standards from the CT Judicial Branch regarding what would be a legitimate basis for a request for audiorecordings and what would not be a legitimate basis...,a litigant with a disability is really placed in a the very difficult position of guessing or being forced him or herself to speculate regarding the possibilities since you refuse to provide specific guidelines."
I then ended with the request, "Could you please provide me with a clear and understandable response to my question."
In response, one week later on September 22, 2014, Attorney Maureen Finn got back to me with the statement, "As I said before, I do not want to speculate as to possible outcomes because each person and situation is different. As you know, there is a specific process in place for ADA requests."
Just to catch you up on where we are time wise, it is now one month since my original inquiry!
The very next day, on September 23, 2014, I again sent an email to Attorney Finn asking the following question, "Let me put this another way, why aren't audio recordings included on the list of auxiliary aids and services provided by the CT Judicial Branch listed on the website. See link."
On September 26, 2014, Attorney Finn responded by saying, "The list of auxiliary aids and services is not a comprehensive one...As Technologies change and advance, new options may become possible." And it is true, above the list of auxiliary aids and services provided there is the statement, "These are some of the services/aids the Judicial Branch offers." The word "some" appears to indicate that there are more.
On October 1, 2014, I then sent an email to Attorney Maureen Finn asking the following question, "So if the list of auxiliary aids and services were comprehensive it would include audiorecordings on it. Is that what you are stating?"
I never received a response to that question, with either a yes or no, or any of Attorney Finn's favorite type answers such as, "I don't care to speculate."
I also asked Attorney Finn another vital question. Given that there are Connecticut Practice Book policies in place under Chapter 1-10a and 1-10b for the public to request the right to make audiorecordings from the judge, would it then be correct for a litigant with a disability to go through a judge to obtain his or her reasonable modification, since the administration, as represented by Attorney Finn, was refusing to answer my questions. However, I noted for Attorney Finn, there could be a problem in this situation because were a judge to rule improperly in response to such a request for reasonable modification, under the ADA that judge would be liable for damages and would lose his or her judicial immunity. "What would she suggest?", I asked.
In response, Attorney Finn stated, "As to your new question, I cannot advise you as to the best course of action."
So in total, it took a little over five weeks to go absolutely nowhere. If I had been having this correspondence with a serious need to obtain audiorecording as a reasonable modification for an upcoming hearing, this back and forth conversation full of obstruction and obscure responses would have been incredibly stressful. In my own case, I had conversations like this for three years and still didn't get anywhere while parallel legal proceedings were continuing on in my case. This was incredibly difficult for me as it would be for any individual with a disability.
The bottom line of this study is it showed quite clearly that the Connecticut Judicial Branch has no idea how to answer a straightforward question with a straightforward answer.
Throughout this communication with the CT Judicial Branch in regard to audiorecordings, Attorney Maureen Finn in her own person, and on behalf of all the others who were listed as receiving copies of our correspondence, was deliberately obstructive and obscure when I tried to get answers to questions in regard to the reasonable modification of audiorecordings, which it is my understanding the Branch is obligated to provide.
The Connecticut Judicial Branch is simply not in compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 or the Amendments Act to the ADA of 2008. Specifically, it is not in compliance with providing equally effective communication with people who have disabilities or those advocating for those who have disabilities.
Under Title II of the ADA, the Connecticut Judicial Branch is required to take steps to ensure that their communications with people with disabilities are as effective as communications with others. Title II of the ADA requires government entities, such as the Connecticut Judicial Branch, to make appropriate auxiliary aids and services available to ensure effective communication. In other words, the Connecticut Judicial Branch, should, upon request, provide appropriate aids and services leading to effective communication for qualified individuals with disabilities and their advocates so they can participate equally in The Connecticut Judicial Branch's programs, services, and activities.
In their report on audiorecordings dated 2009, the Subcommittee on Audio Recording of Court Proceedings acknowledged that audiorecordings are the property of the citizens of Connecticut, and I would further note the important role audiorecordings could play in assisting persons with disabilities when it comes to obtaining access to legal proceedings. Under those circumstances, the Connecticut Judicial Branch has no business denying people with disabilities access to these audiorecordings or obscuring information on whether such audiorecordings are available.
PART I: CASE STUDY ON THE CT JUDICIAL BRANCH'S LACK OF COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL ADA LAW!
As a citizen, I was interested in seeing whether there had been any improvements in the CT Judicial Branch response to inquiries in regard to the ADA since I first began to approach the Branch about the ADA in 2006. After all, in January 2014, I received a letter from Attorney John Hughes stating he intended to conduct an investigation into CT Judicial Branch compliance with the ADA. Since several news outlets reported on this investigation, you might imagine this would make the Branch more eager to demonstrate their compliance.
I was making the inquiry as an advocate, not as a person with a disability. However, had I been a person with a disability such as Adam McNiece, the process of requesting reasonable accommodation would have been incredibly frustrating. First, I couldn't obtain a timely response to my inquiry, so if I'd been asking according to the standard timeframe, i.e. two weeks prior to the hearing, I would not have been able to obtain the accommodation on time. Second, for the life of me, I couldn't get a clear information from the CT Judicial Branch spokespeople with whom I came into contact in response to my questions. This latter is a complete violation of the federal ADA mandate to provide effective communication with people who have disabilities, and also the mandate to provide full and relevant responses to inquiries.
On August 21, 2014, I wrote to Sandra Lugo-Gines, the staff member at the CT Judicial Branch generally considered in charge of all ADA inquiries. My question: "Will the Connecticut Judicial Branch provide audiorecordings of Legal Proceedings for litigants who have disabilities"
After sending that email, I waited for a full ten days and did not receive a single response from Ms. Sandra Lugo-Gines. This is an unacceptably long time to wait for a response and shows how rude the CT Judicial Branch is in response to inquiries about the ADA.
On August 31, 2014, I then sent an email to other CT Judicial Branch employees, attorneys who have previously responded to my ADA questions and addressed the same inquiry to them. The employees I sent the email to were as follows: Heather Collins, Maureen Finn, Martin Libbin, and Viviana Livesay. In my email, I provided a copy of the earlier August 21, 2014 email I'd sent to Sandra Lugo-Gines and asked them to answer the question: "What is the Connecticut Judicial Branch policy in regard to audiorecordings as a modification for a person with a disability under the ADA?"
"There is no specific policy in regard to audio recordings. As with any other aid or service, each request for accommodation is reviewed individually."
So, is that a "yes" or a "no"? I wasn't sure. In fact, Unbeknownst to me, right at that very time that I proposed that question, Mr. Adam McNiece, who had his doctor confirm the fact that he had a disability, had asked for just that accommodation of audiorecordings and had been turned down.
"I am assuming that anything listed on the CT Judicial Branch [website] as an aid or auxillary [service] would be automatically granted upon request [to a person with a disability]. Is that a correct?"
I also asked, "When you say, each case is reviewed individually, do you have a protocol for such a review?
And I asked, "What safeguards do you have in place to ensure that reasonable modifications are provided in a consistent manner?"
In response, the next day, on September 3, 2014, Attorney Finn sent me the following statement, "The items you request in the below email are not covered by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The FOIA does not require public officials to answer questions regarding the specific laws that are relied upon when evaluating ADA requests. The FOIA only provides a right to attend public meetings within the meaning of the FOIA."
I didn't ask for specific laws, I asked for "a protocol" and for "safeguards". So what Attorney Finn did was simply reinterpret my request so that she could then deny it. Also, when she states that the FOIA only "provides a right to attend public meetings" she forgets all the CT Judicial Branch internal reports and training materials that she has previously handed over to me personally in response to my FOIA requests. That goes well beyond the opportunity to attend public meetings! So, essentially, in her response, Attorney Finn is playing around with words, redefining my questions in a way I did not intend, if not outright lying.
Then Attorney Finn continues on to say, "I can advise you that we do not review requests for accommodation in an automated fashion. All are reviewed on an individual basis."
In other words, no person with a disability can be guaranteed that he or she will have access to the aids and auxillary services that the CT Judicial Branch has available even if they are listed as available on its website. And while it sounds nice that each person with a disability will be considered on an individual basis, the fact that such individuals cannot be guaranteed even a minimal level of reasonable modifications has to be terribly anxiety provoking. It places people with disabilities in a permanent posture of supplication, which is actually rather humiliating and degrading.
"The CT Judicial Branch reviews request for reasonable modifications on an individual basis. Audiorecordings are one of the reasonable modifications which are an option for litigants and jurors with disabilities and the Branch will consider whether the accommodation of audiorecordings makes sense for a litigant with a disability on a case by case basis."
In response, on September 4, 2014 Attorney Finn stated, "Again, there is no separate policy in regard to audiorecordings. If someone requests audiorecordings as an accommodation, that request will be reviewed in the same manner as any other ADA request."
Of course, this is not a "yes" or "no"! Also, we are well aware, that even as Attorney Finn was stating that the CT Judicial Branch would review a request for audiorecordings as an accommodation "in the same manner as any other ADA request" the Judicial Branch was turning down Adam McNiece's fully documented request for that very same accommodation!"
Given what McNiece was going through, my next question sent an hour later has particular relevance. I asked Attorney Finn the following, "Would there ever be a reasonable basis for turning down such a request to a qualified individual with a disability? If so what would that be?"
So there was a pause in the conversation.
September 5, 2014 goes by.
September 6, 2014 goes by.
September 7, 2014 goes by.
September 8, 2014 goes by.
"I prefer not to speculate about possibilities. I don't think it is productive and it can create confusion."
As if I wasn't already totally confused already!
CT LAW TRIBUNE POKES FUN AT SELF REPRESENTED LITIGANT'S DISABILITY!
On November 19, 2014, "The CT Law Tribune" reported that Adam McNiece of East Lyme, CT was suing the CT Judicial Branch because it denied him the Audiorecordings he requested under the ADA to accommodate his disability of migraine headaches.
What is interesting about this article is the way it makes fun of Adam McNiece, and mocks and ridicules him for making such a request, as if the fact that he has a disability indicates that he is some kind of wacko who is not worthy of being treated with decency.
More than anything else, the tone of the Tribune's article says so much about the disrespect that the legal profession has for citizens as a whole, and for those who have disabilities in particular. Since when is it such a joke that a person has a disability and needs to request a reasonable modification in order to accommodate that disability?
I also found the general characterization of a Connecticut citizen, Adam McNiece, pretty offensive. Tell me, is it fair for the Tribune to present a self represented person as a clown simply by virtue of the fact that he or she is self represented. Really, what is so funny about that?
The "CT Law Tribune" describes Adam McNiece as being a person with "a reputation for being litigious". Based on that description, I thought I would find tons and tons of cases listed under Adam McNiece's name. In fact, this is not the true. There is one case in 2013 against the Town of Waterford, another lawsuit against the Attorney Firm representing the Town of Waterford, and also this last lawsuit in regard to the CT Judicial Branch and the ADA, the latter two from 2014. What this essentially adds up to is a single lawsuit with a lot of branches, all starting with an incident where a citizen's civil rights were violated.
I know many people in family court who have just the same amount of lawsuits--one the initial divorce complaint, perhaps an appeal or two on that divorce action, then foreclosures that came upon them as the result of their divorce, plus collection actions against them from former attorneys who represented them. Does that make them "litigious" as well?
If you have lived say 40 or 50 years, and you only have a few lawsuits pending from one or two of those years, that can hardly be called litigious! Except, of course, if you are the "CT Law Tribune" and you like to trash citizens who are clearly defending their civil rights, but have little money to do so and have to represent themselves.
Mr. McNiece's lawsuit appears legitimate to me. I would also be pretty upset if the Town of Waterford conducted an illegal search of my home, and I wouldn't be surprised if that is exactly what happened in this case. I would agree that Adam McNiece has listed on his lawsuits an inordinate number of defendants, but that is what many newcomers to the legal field tend to do. It is not an indication of eccentricity or wacko-ness, but simply an example of the kind of behavior that is standard among many self represented parties who are new to the court system. I'm not sure if that is worth ridiculing a man for. If you did, you'd have to pretty much ridicule the vast majority of self represented parties, which I suppose most attorneys actually do.
Interesting, isn't it, how the legal field fosters an attitude of contempt and condescension towards average people.
In regard to Adam McNiece's request for reasonable modifications, that request should have received an immediate response, and one that is in the affirmative. Instead, what happened is that Mr. McNiece's request was passed on from one court official to another until eventually a court planner, Ms. Heather Collins, sent him a list of six questions for his doctor to respond to before the court would consider his request. Mr. McNiece then provided that information from his doctor, and still they turned down him down!
This kind of extensive inquiry into the nature of Adam McNiece's disability is a direct violation of the ADAAA of 2008, a federal law which was specifically designed to prevent mini-trials into the nature of an individual's disability. According to the ADAAA the appropriate focus of the public entity under Title II should be on meeting the needs of the person requesting the accommodation, not on demanding that such an individual prove that he has a disability.
In fact, recent court decisions indicate that it is sufficient for the individual to state that he has a disability. And even further, recent ADA law indicates that he should not even be required to provide a diagnosis.
The Connecticut Judicial Branch regularly demands that litigants such as Adam McNiece provide extensive documentation regarding their disabilities, but such demands are blatantly illegal and intrusive. Thus, the focus of the "CT Law Tribune" article should have been not how funny and laughable it is that a person with a disability requests an accommodation, the focus should have been on why the CT Judicial Branch chose to flout Federal ADAAA law.
Another interesting point the Tribune article makes is that the Attorney General is defending the CT Judicial Branch in this case. Why is the Attorney General who is supposed to be representing the best interests of the citizens of the State of Connecticut, particularly its vulnerable citizens such as the disabled, defending the illegal actions of the CT Judicial Branch in violating Federal ADA law?
Altogether, what we have are a series of examples of disgraceful behavior within the legal profession. 1) the CT Judicial Branch violating federal ADA law; 2) the Attorney General attacking disabled citizens it should be protecting; and 3) the "CT Law Tribune", the mouthpiece of the Connecticut Bar Association ridiculing and making fun of an individual with a disability. Under these circumstances, it is no wonder that the legal profession generates such a widespread lack of respect.
In 2009 , the CT Judicial Branch established a subcommittee which conducted an extensive examination of the role of audiorecordings during judicial proceedings. In the report of this subcommittee two reporters who were members of the subcommittee--Mr. Thomas B. Scheffey of the "CT Law Tribune" (ironically) and also Mr. Patrick Sanders of the Associated Press--expressed their view that "what occurs in Connecticut's courtrooms belongs to the people of Connecticut, and therefore recordings made of those proceedings, should be available to the public in the [same] way that official paper transcripts are available."
In regard to personal recordings, Mr. Patrick Sanders further argues that there should be a "presumption of openness". He continues on to state that an open judiciary is of overriding importance in the courts in the State of Connecticut, and he argues, "I disagree with the court reporters' opinion that their members should have exclusive rights to record court proceedings for sale and distribution for their personal gain. Courts are a public domain and not a monopoly." His associate Mr. Thomas B. Scheffey pointed out that tellingly, the U.S. Supreme court has made audiotapes of oral arguments available going back to the 1950s, and that there is even a CD of its "Greatest Hits" available on amazon.com.
As the Judicial - Media Committee determined (of which the above mentioned subcommittee was a part), not only is the concept that what takes place in courtrooms throughout Connecticut the property of the public a wonderful aspirational statement, legally, the CT Judicial Branch's audio recordings of legal proceedings are, in fact, the property of the citizens of the State of Connecticut. The Connecticut Judicial Branch is merely the caretaker of these audiorecordings on behalf of those citizens. Therefore, Adam McNiece's request for access to those audiorecordings is essentially a request for property that is his by right, and the Connecticut Judicial Branch's refusal to hand over those audiorecordings is a violation of that right.
What is interesting is that, when both sides talk about limitations to accessing these audiorecordings, both accuse each other of potential wrongdoing in similar ways. It is a standard for self represented parties to accuse the Connecticut Judicial Branch of tampering with audiorecordings so as to eliminate any record of sections of the legal proceedings that Judges and their cohorts think might interfere with their rigged verdicts. Likewise, Judges and attorneys in their statements for the subcommittee expressed concern that members of the public would make bootleg audiorecordings and alter them in order to challenge the official record of the legal proceedings.
Clearly, there is a great deal of tension and distrust between these two groups. In particular, the "Connecticut Law Tribune's" recent hostile targeting of Adam McNiece provides a very clear example of this disgruntlement from the side of the legal profession. The bottom line, however, is that the Connecticut Judiciary, Judges, and attorneys who practice the law are supposed to be there to serve the public, and the only way to do this is through openness and transparency.
As long as the Connecticut Judicial Branch continues to collude in obstructing this openness and transparency, people will proceed on an ongoing basis to engage in lawsuits such as the one that Adam McNiece filed. The "Connecticut Law Tribune" can go ahead and mock all it wants, but that's not going to stop them.


I tagged myself from Jason's blog. Wanna tell my "readers" more bout me..and i got nothing to do in the ofis anyway ehehehe. It's a long one though..just skip it if you dont wanna read. I will post what is relevant to me only. Visit Jason's blog to see the full meme.
[x] I believe in true love.
[x] I have owned something from Abercrombie.
[x] Crashed into a car.
I tag >>>>>>>>>>> Whoever wants to be tag! hehe..lame i know…nvm me…will now blog the 2nd part of my trip. Stay tuned!!


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text:
Call on Lee Kim Sai to resign as Cabinet Minister if he betrays the MCA Gopeng by-election pledge of full cash refund to depositors by agreeing to Radifah Aziz's proposal that not all the refund be by cash
Speech by Parliamentary Opposition Leader, DAP Secretary-General and MP for Tanjung, Lim Kit Siang, to a meeting of Selangor DAP branch leaders held at No. 77, Jalan 20/9, Paramount Garden, PJ on Sunday, June 14 at 8 p.m
After Friday's MCA Central Committee meeting, MCA Deputy President, Datuk Lee Kim Sai, said for the first time that the 588,000 co-operative depositors will not get full cash refund in its Gopeng by-election promise of 'dollar-for-dollar' refund by March 1989.
This is against the promise of all MCA leaders and workers in the Gopeng by-election and after, and appears to be the result of the threats and pressures by some UMNO Youth leaders asking for his sacking from the Cabinet.
On Thursday, the Minister for Trade and Industry, Datin Paduka Rafidah Aziz said that a solar-for-dollar refund may not necessarily mean "a payment of $1 cash for $1." Reviving a proposal raised last year of paying the depositors partly in cash and party in share equity in the DTC concerned.
As this proposal was rejected last year when it was raised, Datuk Lee Kim Sai should hav come out with a clear-cut statement rejecting Rafidah's proposal and that what the MCA meant and had promised in Gopeng by-election is "payment of $1 cash for $1" – inclusive of interests on the deposits.
Instead, Lee Kim Sai had grasped on the suggestion of Rafidah Aziz as if a drowing man clasping a straw, betraying the MCA's Gopeng by-election promise of full 'dollar-for-dollar' cash refund to depositors by March 1989.
Datuk Lee Kim Dai so easily softened and broken by threats by a few irresponsible UMNO Youth leaders?
If Datuk Lee Kim Sai is going to betray the MCA's Gopeng by-election pledge of a full 'dollar-for-dollar' cash refund to the 588,000 depositors, by saying that part of the refund will be by way of paper certificate of shares in the DTC concerned, then the DAP calls on Lee Kim Sai to resign as Cabinet Minister for trifling with the hardships, sufferings, and the rights of the 588,000 co-operative depositors.
Kim Sai should stop using the co-operative issue to get cheap publicity, but must ensure that the MCA's Gopeng by election promise is fulfilled
I call on the four MCA Ministers and the MCA Central Committee to make it clear to eh 588,000 depositors and to the Government that when the MCA promised a full 'dollar-for-dollar' cash refund by March 1989, they mean 100% cash repayment.
The DAP warns that we will not agree or accept a co-operative formula which refunds to the depositors partly in cash and partly in shares certificates, and if this is the MCA's new stand, then the DAP withdraw our support to the MCA on the co-operative issue. The DAP insists on 100% cash refund to the 588,000 depositors by latest March 1989.
Lee Kim Sai seems to be interested in using the co-operative issue to get cheap publicity rather in ensuring that the MCA keeps its Gopeng by-election pledge of full cash refund by March 1989.
For instance, after the MCA Central Committee meeting on Friday, Lee Kim Sai told the press that the MCA President, Datuk Dr. Ling Liong Sik had met Daim Zainuddin, Finance Minster, to finalise a solution for the co-operative question, and that as a result, Datuk Dr. Ling was half an hour late for the MCA Central Committee.
This gave hope and even joy to the 588,000 depositors who thought that a final solution for their rescue was being concluede. But yesterday, Datuk Dr. Ling Liong Sik denied that he had met Daim Zainuddin over the co-operative issue. Datuk Dr. Ling said that he met Daim Zainuddin over urgent Trasport Ministry projects, and that the co-operative was only "fleetingly" discussed.
What is the meaning of a 'fleeting' discussion? It could just be a comment by Daim that the co-operative issue has become very controversial with UMNO Youth getting into the act, and Datuk Dr. Ling answering that the co-op issue remain the primary concern of the Malaysian Chinese, and nothing more!
If the Friday meeting between Datuk Dr. Ling Liong Sik and Daim Zanuddin had nothing to do with the co-operative issue, why then did Datuk Lee Kim Sai want to deliberately create the impression that it was a critical meeting over the co-operative issue?
Has Bank Negara put the 'worst brains' on the co-operative issue that it could not come out with a fair and satisfactory solution after 10 months?
Datuk Dr. Ling said yesterday that the Bank Negara was working "very hard and seriously" to find a solution to the co-operative issue. He said that he believed "that with all the best financial brains in the country, we will have a solution to the problem very, very soon."
Datuk Dr. Ling had made the same statement many times for the past 10 months, and if the matter is left entirely in the hands of the 'best brains' in Bank Negara, then what is the role of the MCA Ministers and leaders on the co-operative issue?
As the Bank Negara has not been able to produced a fair and satisfactory solution to the $1.5 billion co-operative finance scandal, after 10 long months, I must question whether the Bank Negara had put its 'worst brains' on the issue. I cannot think how the 'best financial brains' in the country could spend ten long months, and still produced nothing!
Top UMNO leaders should stop the agitation of UMNO Youth leaders and divisions on the co-operative issue, if the country is not going to be dangerously polarized and undermining economic recovery
The Pasir Salak UMNO Youth Division yesterday adopted a resolution urging the Prime Minister to dismiss Datuk Lee Kim Sai from the Cabinet. It also urged the Government not to bow to pressure and threat from any quarter on the co-operative issue. Other UMNO Youth Division are expected to do the same.
The top UMNO leaders, such as the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, should stop the agitation by UMNO Youth leaders and divisions on the co-operative issue, if the country is not going to be dangerously polarised, with grave consequences to government efforts to regain national and foreign investor confidence in our economy, and further undermining our economic recovery.
The UMNO Youth Divisions should be made to realise that the demands and resolutions would give the depositors only one conclusion, that they are opposed to a fair and just solution to the problem by way of a full cash refund, and that depostors should be discriminated against, for they are not entitled to the Bank Bumiputera and Bank Rakyat type of rescue.
We are reaching a stage where the politicking in UMNO and MCA are harmful not only to national economic recovery, but to the principle of justice and fair play to the 588,000 depositors. If the UMNO Youth Divisions want to start a campaign against Lee Kim Sai, it is their business; but they must accompany their resolution calling for the sacking of Lee Kim Sai with a resolution calling on the Government to do justice and fairplay to the 588,000 depositors, by extending the Bank Bumiputera and Bank Rakyat rescue to the 24 DTCs. Let the UMNO Youth Divisions show that by going against Datuk Lee Kim Sai, they are not going against the 588,000 depositors and Chinese community.
Posted on June 14, 1987 September 1, 2009 Author CuratorCategories By-Elections, Co-Operative Finance Scandal, MCA
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ethnicity as a Primordial-Situational-Constructed Experience: Different Times, Different Places, Different Constellations
Morawska, E (2011) 'Ethnicity as a Primordial-Situational-Constructed Experience: Different Times, Different Places, Different Constellations.' In: Lederhendler, E, (ed.) Ethnicity and Beyond, Theories and Dilemmas of Jewish Group Demarcation. Studies in Contemporary Jewry . Oxford University Press USA, 3 - 25. ISBN 9780199793495
This essay argues for a flexible, context- and actor-dependent understanding of ethnicity, and illustrates this proposition by means of three sets of historical cases of Jewish communities compared and contrasted over time and across space. The first set examines the same group compared over time: commercial middle-class Jews in Venice during the period of residential dispersion (14th and 15th centuries) and in the ghetto era (early 16th through 17th centuries). The second comparison reconstructs the changed compositions of ethnicity over time among the same people, German Jewish intelligentsia in the Socialist movement in Berlin at the turn of the 20th century and in the interwar period. Finally, the third set compares the same group across space: Soviet/post-Soviet Jews in Tel Aviv and in Philadelphia from the late 1980s until the present.
H Social Sciences > HM Sociology
Faculty of Social Sciences > Sociology, Department of
Jim Jamieson
http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/1781


text:
Иван Маркано () е испански футболист, защитник, който играе за Порто.

Кариера

Расинг Сантандер
Маркано дебютира за Расинг Сантандер при победата над Алмерия на 30 септември 2007 г. Въпреки това, той трябва да напусне терена през второто полувреме на мача, поради контузя, и не успява да играе три месеца.

За кампанията 2008/09 Маркано е взет в първия отбор от новия треньор Хуан Рамон Лопес Мунис. В петия мач той вкарва първия си гол в Ла лига при 1:2 домакинска загуба срещу Майорка и е редовен по време на кампанията, най-вече като ляв бек.

Виляреал
В началото на юли 2009 г. Маркано подписва за 6 години с Виляреал. Той е първи избор през по-голямата част от първия полусезон. Въпреки това, след поредните лоши изяви, той изпада в немилост, дори губи позицията си в отбраната от 19-годишния аржентинец Матео Мусакио.

Излишен според изискванията във Виляреал за 2010/11, Маркано е преотстъпен на Хетафе на 8 юни 2010 г. Възползвайки се от трaвмите както на Марио, така и на Рафа, той редовно е използван и на двете отбранителни позиции, докато отборът от покрайнините на Мадрид избягва изпадането. Той отбелязва единствения си гол за сезона на 24 октомври 2010 г. в домакинска победа с 3:0 срещу Спортинг Хихон.

Олимпиакос / Рубин
На 2 юни 2012 г., след един сезон с Олимпиакос в Гърция, където играе заедно с няколко свои сънародници - включително треньора Ернесто Валверде, и е от съществено значение в двойката централни бранители, Маркано е продаден от Виляреал на Рубин Казан в Руската Премиер лига, за около 5 милиона евро. В зимния трансферен прозорец през 2014 г. обаче, той се връща в предишния си клуб, под заем до юни и с опция за постоянен трансфер.

Порто
На 11 август 2014 г. Маркано подписва 4-годишен договор с Порто, като заместник на Еляким Мангала, който е продаден на Манчестър Сити. Той става шестият испанец, който се присъединява към португалския клуб.

На 21 април 2015 г. Маркано е изгонен с втори жълт картон, след като Порто губи с 1:6 от Байерн Мюнхен в четвъртфиналите на Шампионската лига.

Рома
Маркано преминава в Рома на 31 май 2018 г. с договор за 3 години.

Отличия
Олимпиакос
 Гръцка суперлига: 2011/12, 2013/14
 Купа на Гърция: 2012

Рубин Казан
 Суперкупа на Русия: 2012

Порто
 Лига Сагреш: 2017/18

Източници

Испански футболисти
Футболисти на Олимпиакос
Футболисти на Рубин Казан
Футболисти на ФК Порто
Футболисти на АС Рома

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Man Arrested Following Incident That Prompted Security Measures at Local School
28--year-old Paul Lee Miller charged with disturbing school, among other things
The man who caused Jonesville Elementary-Middle School to be locked down last Thursday was arrested. SRO Smith at Jonesville stated via radio that he was placing a subject in custody, and he resisted and ran. Captain Scott Coffer responded to the school along with other deputies and began tracking the suspect.
Coffer went inside the school and met with the victim, who stated that she was on the way to the school to drop off her daughter when her boyfriend, identified as 28-year-old Paul Lee Miller, of South Church Street in Union, began hitting her. She said she made up her mind to inform the school resource officer when she dropped her child off. While inside the school, she said she saw Miller come in and was trying to get to her.
SRO Smith encountered Miller in the hallway and tried to get him out of the building away from the students. The officer also knew Miller had an outstanding warrant. Ounce outside, Smith informed Miller he was under arrest, and Miller fled.
After a ten-hour search by deputies, with help from SLED and the Spartanburg County Sheriff's Office air unit, Miller was found in a field off Meansville Road and taken into custody without incident. Lockdown at the school was lifted, and normal dismissal was allowed. Miller faces charges of second-degree criminal domestic violence, disturbing schools, and resisting arrest. The outstanding warrant dated back to February 2nd for first-degree burglary.


text:
The Health Benefits of Korean Ginseng
More in Holistic Health
Improves Mood, Cognitive Function, and Immune System
Sherry Christiansen
Sherry Christiansen is a medical writer with a healthcare background. She has worked in the hospital setting and collaborated on Alzheimer's research.
Medically reviewed by Emily Dashiell, ND on May 25, 2020
Emily Dashiell, ND, is a licensed naturopathic doctor who has worked in group and private practice settings over the last 15 years. She is in private practice in Santa Monica, California.
Emily Dashiell, ND
Verywell / Anastasia Tretiak
Dosage and Preparation
Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is in the family Araliaceae. The root of the plant is most commonly used in herbal supplements. Other names synonymous with Korean ginseng include Panax ginseng, mountain ginseng, wild ginseng, true ginseng, and Asian ginseng.
Korean ginseng is available in two different forms based on preparation, including white ginseng and Korean red ginseng (KRG). Each of the two forms of Korean ginseng (white and red) varies in composition as well as in the health benefits offered.
It's important not to confuse Korean ginseng with other types of ginseng, including Chinese ginseng (Panax notoginseng), Siberian (Eleutherococcus senticosus), American (Panax quinquefolius), or Himalayan (Panax pseudoginseng), each of which provides its own specific effects on the body. Siberian ginseng is not related to Panax ginseng.
The root of the Korean ginseng plant, including the smaller lateral roots, is the part that is used for its medicinal properties; it has long been highly valued for its use in traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
Of the 13 plants in the Panax genera, only five are used medicinally in traditional Chinese medicine, and Korean ginseng is the most widely used, according to the Korean Clinical Pharmacopoeia.
Korean ginseng is a perennial plant (a plant that lives for at least two years, and beyond) that grows in the mountains in Eastern Asia. It grows well in the moist, shaded mountainsides of Korea, China, and Russia.
The plant grows to a height of 2 feet or taller and has dark green leaves with red berry clusters. The root's outer appearance is wrinkled and creased and the taste is considered slightly sweet with a bitter after taste.
Korean ginseng has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese nedicine to treat a wide range of ailments and promote health.
The primary use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine was for the treatment of weakness and fatigue.
Panax comes from the Greek words, loosely translated as "all-healing." The English translation for ginseng (rénshen in Chinese) is "man-root." The literal English translation for the term Panax ginseng is "all-healing man root."
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG)
The plant of the ginseng root must grow for four to five years before it's ready to be used in a supplemental form. This usually translates to a high price for a quality form of ginseng.
When the ginseng root is dried—but not processed further—it is called white ginseng. When it's further processed with heat and then dried, it's referred to as red ginseng (because it changes color during the heating process).
Panax ginseng treated with heat transforms into a form of ginseng called Korean red ginseng. KRG contains some unique bioactive properties that differ from regular Korean white ginseng, such as its heightened anti-inflammatory properties. KRG can also be treated in a fermentation process which is thought to even further enhance its anti-inflammatory action.
To understand the difference between Korean ginseng and Korean red ginseng, consider how different forms of tea evolve from the same tea plant but vary because of the processing method. For example, the Camellia sinensis plant can be made into green tea, white tea, or black tea—depending on the processing method.
Well-Being Medication
Korean ginseng is commonly referred to as an overall well-being medication. This is because it affects several systems in the body (such as the immune system, reproductive system, and neurological system).
Ginseng has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for improving overall health. It has been used to help fight off stress, lower blood sugar, as well as treat male erectile dysfunction and many other conditions. Korean ginseng is known for its ability to help regulate mood, strengthen the immune system, and improve cognition.
Traditional uses of Korean ginseng include:
Function and resilience
Inflammation
Performance (unsupported by clinical research studies)
Negative mood states (such as anxiety and depression)
Men's sexual health (insignificant data to fully support claims)
Medical Uses
Although Korean red ginseng is not FDA-approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, it is thought to improve the condition while increasing mental alertness. There have been studies that support its use in improving male erectile dysfunction, but more evidence is needed to further support these claims:
Colds and flu prevention (conflicting evidence from clinical research studies)
Cancer (lack of substantial clinical research evidence; however, one study found that ginseng may help improve fatigue in cancer patients)
The primary active components of Korean ginseng are molecules called ginsenosides, which "have been shown to have a variety of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Results of clinical research studies demonstrate that Panax ginseng may improve psychological function, immune function, and conditions associated with diabetes," says Dr. David Kiefer, M.D.
There have been more studies on Korean ginseng than on any other type of ginseng. Examples of a few important hallmark studies include the following.
A study of young, healthy volunteers found that single doses of Panax ginseng have shown cognitive improvements. The study also revealed that both the 200 mg and the 400 mg treatment led to a significant reduction in blood sugar.
In a double-blind study (the gold standard of studies) of 384 post-menopausal women, Panax ginseng was not found to improve symptoms of menopause or influence the hypothalamic function (controls metabolic processes). Panax ginseng was, however, shown to be significant in reducing depression and increasing the overall well being in women during menopause.
In a 2011 study of those who had suffered a heart attack (myocardial infarction) and were given 3 grams of Korean red ginseng each day, subjects were found to have an improvement in coronary flow reserve (an increase in blood flow in the coronary arteries). The study subjects were also found to have an increase in the number of immune cells after taking Korean red ginseng.
One study found that social function, mood, and cognition improved more than with placebo after four weeks of taking Panax ginseng at 200 mg per day. The same study discovered that after eight weeks, the benefits started to decline and became more like the placebo effects.
There are several side effects that have been reported from Korean ginseng use, these include:
Insomnia (the most common side effect)
Increasing the side effects of caffeine (such as jitteriness)
Diarrhea
Vaginal bleeding
Breast pain
Dizziness
An increase or decrease in blood pressure
Serious Side Effects
Although ginseng is generally considered safe—particularly when taken for short periods of time—serious reactions can occur. It's important to stop taking the supplement and seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms occur:
Irregular, fast heartbeat
Serious allergic reaction (rash, itching, or swelling around the face, lips, tongue, and throat while spreading to the upper body, dizziness, or breathing problems)
Signs of Overdose
It's possible to overdose on Korean ginseng. This is the reason that experts recommend taking regular breaks from the daily use of the herb. Signs and symptoms of toxicity or overdose may include:
Nausea and vomiting
An increase in blood pressure and respiration (breathing)
Changes in heart rate
Inability to control urinary or bowel function
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration around lips and nails)
Reddened skin (particularly in the face and neck)
Seizures (convulsions)
Delirium (a severely disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, delusions, illusions, or incoherent speech)
Always follow the instructions of the prescribing healthcare provider about any type of food, drink (such as alcoholic beverages or caffeinated drinks), or activity restrictions as well as any drug contraindications (medications that should not be taken with other medications or supplements).
Medications (such as oral hypoglycemics and insulin) and other herbs or supplements that lower blood sugar should not be taken with Korean ginseng. Check with a credentialed naturopathic doctor about combining Korean ginseng with other herbal medicines to check for interactions.
Other Precautions
There are several health conditions in which ginseng should not be taken without first consulting the healthcare provider. These include:
Blood pressure problems
Heart conditions (such as arrhythmias or rheumatic heart disease)
Clotting or bleeding problems
Immune system disorders (such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis)
Female conditions impacted by estrogen (such as uterine fibroids, breast cancer, uterine cancer or ovarian cancer, or endometriosis)
Diabetes (Korean ginseng may lower blood sugar)
Do not take Korean ginseng with:
Aspirin (aspirin causes a decreased blood clotting time to prevent blood clots, and in rare instances, ginseng could cause bleeding)
Phenelzine (Nardil) and warfarin (Coumadin) as it could increase bleeding
Any type of heart medications such as nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)
Do not take Korean ginseng when:
Drinking alcoholic beverages
Drinking caffeinated beverages
Smoking marijuana or using cannabis
A scheduled surgery or dental work is impending (stop taking ginseng at least two weeks prior)
Korean ginseng is usually made into a powdered form from the dry root and taken by mouth as a supplement. Although there is a tincture (a liquid preparation made with alcohol) and tea form available, most of the clinical research studies are performed using ginseng in the powdered/supplement form.
Ginseng should be stored at room temperature and kept dry, away from heat.
Always take Korean ginseng (and any other herbal supplement) as directed by the healthcare provider. The average dose of Korean ginseng is about 200 to 400 mg per day as an overall health promotion/preventative herbal supplement. The 400 mg dose may provide the highest cognitive benefit from Korean ginseng.
Other medical experts recommend 200 mg per day and suggest taking a two-week break from taking ginseng every two to three weeks. This is to avoid the possibility of getting a toxic reaction from the build-up of ginseng in the body. "Most published research studies have used a standardized Panax ginseng extract in a dosage of 200 mg per day," says American Family Physicians.
Do not take Korean ginseng at bedtime since the side effect of insomnia has been reported. Also, do not take Korean ginseng for long time spans (no more than three months). Be sure to discuss the specific safety precautions of taking Korean ginseng with your healthcare provider.
When considering any herbal supplement, the dosage, potency, and purity of the product cannot be overlooked.
To ensure a product that provides safety and quality, it's important to pay attention to the ginsenoside ratio and quality of the ginseng supplement. The standardized Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer root extract G115, (trademark of Pharmaton SA) is used in many clinical research trials, according to Examine.com.
The G115 patented extraction of Panax ginseng contains 4% ginsenosides (by weight). Another standardized extract, called NAGE contains 10% ginsenosides. Both extracts have been used in clinical research studies for quality standards. One study found that the purity of ginsenoside in these extracts (in the G115 and the NAGE) ranged from 95% to 100%.
Can you use Korean ginseng if you're pregnant?
No, ginseng should not be used during pregnancy.
Does Korean ginseng pass into breast milk—if so, is it safe for babies who are breastfed?
It is not known whether ginseng passes into the breast milk, therefore nursing moms should not use ginseng.
Is Korean ginseng safe for children?
No, never give any herbal supplements to children without the approval of the healthcare provider.
What if you miss a dose?
Do not take extra ginseng to make up for a missed dose. If it's close to the time for the next dose, simply skip the missed dose.
What happens if you overdose?
If a person overdoses on Korean ginseng or any other herbal supplement, it's important to seek emergency medical care right away.
Although it's been touted that Korean ginseng is effective for the treatment of everything from the common cold to cancer, the clinical research evidence does not provide enough support for many of the claims about ginseng's effectiveness.
In fact, according to the research, Korean ginseng is most effective for mood disorders (such as depression), boosting the immune system, and improving cognition. Some evidence supports the use of ginseng for fatigue (in people with cancer, but not for healthy people).
As with all other herbal supplements, it's important to consult with the healthcare provider before taking Korean ginseng.
Kim K, Nguyen VB, Dong J, et al. Evolution of the Araliaceae family inferred from complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nrDNAs of 10 Panax-related species. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4917. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05218-y
Lee SM, Bae BS, Park HW, et al. Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): history, preparation method, and chemical composition. J Ginseng Res. 2015;39(4):384‐391. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.009
NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Asian ginseng. Updated September 2016.
Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY, Cho JY. Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res. 2017;41(4):435‐443. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.004
Park HJ, Kim DH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Ryu JH. Ginseng in traditional herbal prescriptions. J Ginseng Res. 2012;36(3):225‐241. doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.225
Yeo HB, Yoon HK, Lee HJ, Kang SG, Jung KY, Kim L. Effects of Korean red ginseng on cognitive and motor function: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Ginseng Res. 2012;36(2):190‐197. doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.190
Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, Ahn TY. A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report. J Urol. 2002;168(5):2070-3. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000034387.21441.87
Kim HG, Cho JH, Yoo SR, et al. Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e61271. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061271
Kiefer D, Pantuso T. Panax ginseng. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(8):1539-1542.
Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford). 2005;19(4):357-65. doi:10.1177/0269881105053286
Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni C. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1999;19(3):89-99.
Ahn CM, Hong SJ, Choi SC, Park JH, Kim JS, Lim DS. Red ginseng extract improves coronary flow reserve and increases absolute numbers of various circulating angiogenic cells in patients with first ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Phytother Res. 2011;25(2):239-49. doi:10.1002/ptr.3250
Ellis JM, Reddy P. Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(3):375-9. doi:10.1345/aph.1A245
Lee NH, Yoo SR, Kim HG, Cho JH, Son CG. Safety and tolerability of Panax ginseng root extract: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in healthy Korean volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(11):1061‐1069. doi:10.1089/acm.2011.0591
Song SW, Kim HN, Shim JY, et al. Safety and tolerability of Korean Red Ginseng in healthy adults: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Ginseng Res. 2018;42(4):571‐576. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.002
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text:
package org.springframework.jms.listener;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.ExceptionListener;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Queue;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.Topic;

import org.springframework.jms.support.JmsUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

/**
 * Abstract base class for message listener containers. Can either host
 * a standard JMS {@link javax.jms.MessageListener} or a Spring-specific
 * {@link SessionAwareMessageListener}.
 *
 *
Usually holds a single JMS {@link Connection} that all listeners are
 * supposed to be registered on, which is the standard JMS way of managing
 * listeners. Can alternatively also be used with a fresh Connection per
 * listener, for J2EE-style XA-aware JMS messaging. The actual registration
 * process is up to concrete subclasses.
 *
 *
NOTE: The default behavior of this message listener container
 * is to never propagate an exception thrown by a message listener up to
 * the JMS provider. Instead, it will log any such exception at the error level.
 * This means that from the perspective of the attendant JMS provider no such
 * listener will ever fail.
 *
 *
The listener container offers the following message acknowledgment options:
 *

 *
"sessionAcknowledgeMode" set to "AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE" (default):
 * Automatic message acknowledgment before listener execution;
 * no redelivery in case of exception thrown.
 *
"sessionAcknowledgeMode" set to "CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE":
 * Automatic message acknowledgment after successful listener execution;
 * no redelivery in case of exception thrown.
 *
"sessionAcknowledgeMode" set to "DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE":
 * Lazy message acknowledgment during or after listener execution;
 * potential redelivery in case of exception thrown.
 *
"sessionTransacted" set to "true":
 * Transactional acknowledgment after successful listener execution;
 * guaranteed redelivery in case of exception thrown.
 *

 * The exact behavior might vary according to the concrete listener container
 * and JMS provider used.
 *
 *
There are two solutions to the duplicate processing problem:
 *

 *
Either add duplicate message detection to your listener, in the
 * form of a business entity existence check or a protocol table check. This
 * usually just needs to be done in case of the JMSRedelivered flag being
 * set on the incoming message (else just process straightforwardly).
 *
Or wrap the entire processing with an XA transaction, covering the
 * reception of the message as well as the execution of the message listener.
 * This is only supported by {@link DefaultMessageListenerContainer}, through
 * specifying a "transactionManager" (typically a
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager}, with
 * a corresponding XA-aware JMS {@link javax.jms.ConnectionFactory} passed in as
 * "connectionFactory").
 *

 * Note that XA transaction coordination adds significant runtime overhead,
 * so it might be feasible to avoid it unless absolutely necessary.
 *
 *
Recommendations:
 *

 *
The general recommendation is to set "sessionTransacted" to "true",
 * typically in combination with local database transactions triggered by the
 * listener implementation, through Spring's standard transaction facilities.
 * This will work nicely in Tomcat or in a standalone environment, often
 * combined with custom duplicate message detection (if it is unacceptable
 * to ever process the same message twice).
 *
Alternatively, specify a
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager} as
 * "transactionManager" for a fully XA-aware JMS provider - typically when
 * running on a J2EE server, but also for other environments with a JTA
 * transaction manager present. This will give full "exactly-once" guarantees
 * without custom duplicate message checks, at the price of additional
 * runtime processing overhead.
 *

 *
 *
Note that it is also possible to specify a
 * {@link org.springframework.jms.connection.JmsTransactionManager} as external
 * "transactionManager", providing fully synchronized Spring transactions based
 * on local JMS transactions. The effect is similar to "sessionTransacted" set
 * to "true", the difference being that this external transaction management
 * will also affect independent JMS access code within the service layer
 * (e.g. based on {@link org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate} or
 * {@link org.springframework.jms.connection.TransactionAwareConnectionFactoryProxy}),
 * not just direct JMS Session usage in a {@link SessionAwareMessageListener}.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0
 * @see #setMessageListener
 * @see javax.jms.MessageListener
 * @see SessionAwareMessageListener
 * @see #handleListenerException
 * @see DefaultMessageListenerContainer
 * @see SimpleMessageListenerContainer
 * @see org.springframework.jms.listener.endpoint.JmsMessageEndpointManager
 */
public abstract class AbstractMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractJmsListeningContainer {

	private volatile Object destination;

	private volatile String messageSelector;

	private volatile Object messageListener;

	private boolean subscriptionDurable = false;

	private String durableSubscriptionName;

	private ExceptionListener exceptionListener;

	private boolean exposeListenerSession = true;

	private boolean acceptMessagesWhileStopping = false;

	/**
	 * Set the destination to receive messages from.
	 *
Alternatively, specify a "destinationName", to be dynamically
	 * resolved via the {@link org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver}.
	 *
Note: The destination may be replaced at runtime, with the listener
	 * container picking up the new destination immediately (works e.g. with
	 * DefaultMessageListenerContainer, as long as the cache level is less than
	 * CACHE_CONSUMER). However, this is considered advanced usage; use it with care!
	 * @see #setDestinationName(String)
	 */
	public void setDestination(Destination destination) {
		Assert.notNull(destination, "'destination' must not be null");
		this.destination = destination;
		if (destination instanceof Topic && !(destination instanceof Queue)) {
			// Clearly a Topic: let's set the "pubSubDomain" flag accordingly.
			setPubSubDomain(true);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the destination to receive messages from. Will be null
	 * if the configured destination is not an actual {@link Destination} type;
	 * c.f. {@link #setDestinationName(String) when the destination is a String}.
	 */
	public Destination getDestination() {
		return (this.destination instanceof Destination ? (Destination) this.destination : null);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the name of the destination to receive messages from.
	 *
The specified name will be dynamically resolved via the configured
	 * {@link #setDestinationResolver destination resolver}.
	 *
Alternatively, specify a JMS {@link Destination} object as "destination".
	 *
Note: The destination may be replaced at runtime, with the listener
	 * container picking up the new destination immediately (works e.g. with
	 * DefaultMessageListenerContainer, as long as the cache level is less than
	 * CACHE_CONSUMER). However, this is considered advanced usage; use it with care!
	 * @param destinationName the desired destination (can be null)
	 * @see #setDestination(javax.jms.Destination)
	 */
	public void setDestinationName(String destinationName) {
		Assert.notNull(destinationName, "'destinationName' must not be null");
		this.destination = destinationName;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the name of the destination to receive messages from.
	 * Will be null if the configured destination is not a
	 * {@link String} type; c.f. {@link #setDestination(Destination) when
	 * it is an actual Destination}.
	 */
	public String getDestinationName() {
		return (this.destination instanceof String ? (String) this.destination : null);
	}

	/**
	 * Return a descriptive String for this container's JMS destination
	 * (never null).
	 */
	protected String getDestinationDescription() {
		return this.destination.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Set the JMS message selector expression (or null if none).
	 * Default is none.
	 *
See the JMS specification for a detailed definition of selector expressions.
	 *
Note: The message selector may be replaced at runtime, with the listener
	 * container picking up the new selector value immediately (works e.g. with
	 * DefaultMessageListenerContainer, as long as the cache level is less than
	 * CACHE_CONSUMER). However, this is considered advanced usage; use it with care!
	 */
	public void setMessageSelector(String messageSelector) {
		this.messageSelector = messageSelector;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the JMS message selector expression (or null if none).
	 */
	public String getMessageSelector() {
		return this.messageSelector;
	}

	/**
	 * Set the message listener implementation to register.
	 * This can be either a standard JMS {@link MessageListener} object
	 * or a Spring {@link SessionAwareMessageListener} object.
	 *
Note: The message listener may be replaced at runtime, with the listener
	 * container picking up the new listener object immediately (works e.g. with
	 * DefaultMessageListenerContainer, as long as the cache level is less than
	 * CACHE_CONSUMER). However, this is considered advanced usage; use it with care!
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the supplied listener is not a
	 * {@link MessageListener} or a {@link SessionAwareMessageListener}
	 * @see javax.jms.MessageListener
	 * @see SessionAwareMessageListener
	 */
	public void setMessageListener(Object messageListener) {
		checkMessageListener(messageListener);
		this.messageListener = messageListener;
		if (this.durableSubscriptionName == null) {
			this.durableSubscriptionName = getDefaultSubscriptionName(messageListener);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the message listener object to register.
	 */
	public Object getMessageListener() {
		return this.messageListener;
	}

	/**
	 * Check the given message listener, throwing an exception
	 * if it does not correspond to a supported listener type.
	 *
By default, only a standard JMS {@link MessageListener} object or a
	 * Spring {@link SessionAwareMessageListener} object will be accepted.
	 * @param messageListener the message listener object to check
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the supplied listener is not a
	 * {@link MessageListener} or a {@link SessionAwareMessageListener}
	 * @see javax.jms.MessageListener
	 * @see SessionAwareMessageListener
	 */
	protected void checkMessageListener(Object messageListener) {
		if (!(messageListener instanceof MessageListener ||
				messageListener instanceof SessionAwareMessageListener)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Message listener needs to be of type [" + MessageListener.class.getName() +
					"] or [" + SessionAwareMessageListener.class.getName() + "]");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the default subscription name for the given message listener.
	 * @param messageListener the message listener object to check
	 * @return the default subscription name
	 * @see SubscriptionNameProvider
	 */
	protected String getDefaultSubscriptionName(Object messageListener) {
		if (messageListener instanceof SubscriptionNameProvider) {
			return ((SubscriptionNameProvider) messageListener).getSubscriptionName();
		}
		else {
			return messageListener.getClass().getName();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether to make the subscription durable. The durable subscription name
	 * to be used can be specified through the "durableSubscriptionName" property.
	 *
Default is "false". Set this to "true" to register a durable subscription,
	 * typically in combination with a "durableSubscriptionName" value (unless
	 * your message listener class name is good enough as subscription name).
	 *
Only makes sense when listening to a topic (pub-sub domain).
	 * @see #setDurableSubscriptionName
	 */
	public void setSubscriptionDurable(boolean subscriptionDurable) {
		this.subscriptionDurable = subscriptionDurable;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to make the subscription durable.
	 */
	public boolean isSubscriptionDurable() {
		return this.subscriptionDurable;
	}

	/**
	 * Set the name of a durable subscription to create. To be applied in case
	 * of a topic (pub-sub domain) with subscription durability activated.
	 *
The durable subscription name needs to be unique within this client's
	 * JMS client id. Default is the class name of the specified message listener.
	 *
Note: Only 1 concurrent consumer (which is the default of this
	 * message listener container) is allowed for each durable subscription.
	 * @see #setSubscriptionDurable
	 * @see #setClientId
	 * @see #setMessageListener
	 */
	public void setDurableSubscriptionName(String durableSubscriptionName) {
		this.durableSubscriptionName = durableSubscriptionName;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the name of a durable subscription to create, if any.
	 */
	public String getDurableSubscriptionName() {
		return this.durableSubscriptionName;
	}

	/**
	 * Set the JMS ExceptionListener to notify in case of a JMSException thrown
	 * by the registered message listener or the invocation infrastructure.
	 */
	public void setExceptionListener(ExceptionListener exceptionListener) {
		this.exceptionListener = exceptionListener;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the JMS ExceptionListener to notify in case of a JMSException thrown
	 * by the registered message listener or the invocation infrastructure, if any.
	 */
	public ExceptionListener getExceptionListener() {
		return this.exceptionListener;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether to expose the listener JMS Session to a registered
	 * {@link SessionAwareMessageListener} as well as to
	 * {@link org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate} calls.
	 *
Default is "true", reusing the listener's {@link Session}.
	 * Turn this off to expose a fresh JMS Session fetched from the same
	 * underlying JMS {@link Connection} instead, which might be necessary
	 * on some JMS providers.
	 *
Note that Sessions managed by an external transaction manager will
	 * always get exposed to {@link org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate}
	 * calls. So in terms of JmsTemplate exposure, this setting only affects
	 * locally transacted Sessions.
	 * @see SessionAwareMessageListener
	 */
	public void setExposeListenerSession(boolean exposeListenerSession) {
		this.exposeListenerSession = exposeListenerSession;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to expose the listener JMS {@link Session} to a
	 * registered {@link SessionAwareMessageListener}.
	 */
	public boolean isExposeListenerSession() {
		return this.exposeListenerSession;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether to accept received messages while the listener container
	 * in the process of stopping.
	 *
Default is "false", rejecting such messages through aborting the
	 * receive attempt. Switch this flag on to fully process such messages
	 * even in the stopping phase, with the drawback that even newly sent
	 * messages might still get processed (if coming in before all receive
	 * timeouts have expired).
	 *
NOTE: Aborting receive attempts for such incoming messages
	 * might lead to the provider's retry count decreasing for the affected
	 * messages. If you have a high number of concurrent consumers, make sure
	 * that the number of retries is higher than the number of consumers,
	 * to be on the safe side for all potential stopping scenarios.
	 */
	public void setAcceptMessagesWhileStopping(boolean acceptMessagesWhileStopping) {
		this.acceptMessagesWhileStopping = acceptMessagesWhileStopping;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to accept received messages while the listener container
	 * in the process of stopping.
	 */
	public boolean isAcceptMessagesWhileStopping() {
		return this.acceptMessagesWhileStopping;
	}

	protected void validateConfiguration() {
		if (this.destination == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'destination' or 'destinationName' is required");
		}
		if (isSubscriptionDurable() && !isPubSubDomain()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("A durable subscription requires a topic (pub-sub domain)");
		}
	}

	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Template methods for listener execution
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Execute the specified listener,
	 * committing or rolling back the transaction afterwards (if necessary).
	 * @param session the JMS Session to operate on
	 * @param message the received JMS Message
	 * @see #invokeListener
	 * @see #commitIfNecessary
	 * @see #rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary
	 * @see #handleListenerException
	 */
	protected void executeListener(Session session, Message message) {
		try {
			doExecuteListener(session, message);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			handleListenerException(ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Execute the specified listener,
	 * committing or rolling back the transaction afterwards (if necessary).
	 * @param session the JMS Session to operate on
	 * @param message the received JMS Message
	 * @throws JMSException if thrown by JMS API methods
	 * @see #invokeListener
	 * @see #commitIfNecessary
	 * @see #rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary
	 * @see #convertJmsAccessException
	 */
	protected void doExecuteListener(Session session, Message message) throws JMSException {
		if (!isAcceptMessagesWhileStopping() && !isRunning()) {
			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Rejecting received message because of the listener container " +
						"having been stopped in the meantime: " + message);
			}
			rollbackIfNecessary(session);
			throw new MessageRejectedWhileStoppingException();
		}
		try {
			invokeListener(session, message);
		}
		catch (JMSException ex) {
			rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary(session, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary(session, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary(session, err);
			throw err;
		}
		commitIfNecessary(session, message);
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified listener: either as standard JMS MessageListener
	 * or (preferably) as Spring SessionAwareMessageListener.
	 * @param session the JMS Session to operate on
	 * @param message the received JMS Message
	 * @throws JMSException if thrown by JMS API methods
	 * @see #setMessageListener
	 */
	protected void invokeListener(Session session, Message message) throws JMSException {
		Object listener = getMessageListener();
		if (listener instanceof SessionAwareMessageListener) {
			doInvokeListener((SessionAwareMessageListener) listener, session, message);
		}
		else if (listener instanceof MessageListener) {
			doInvokeListener((MessageListener) listener, message);
		}
		else if (listener != null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Only MessageListener and SessionAwareMessageListener supported: " + listener);
		}
		else {
			throw new IllegalStateException("No message listener specified - see property 'messageListener'");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified listener as Spring SessionAwareMessageListener,
	 * exposing a new JMS Session (potentially with its own transaction)
	 * to the listener if demanded.
	 * @param listener the Spring SessionAwareMessageListener to invoke
	 * @param session the JMS Session to operate on
	 * @param message the received JMS Message
	 * @throws JMSException if thrown by JMS API methods
	 * @see SessionAwareMessageListener
	 * @see #setExposeListenerSession
	 */
	protected void doInvokeListener(SessionAwareMessageListener listener, Session session, Message message)
			throws JMSException {

		Connection conToClose = null;
		Session sessionToClose = null;
		try {
			Session sessionToUse = session;
			if (!isExposeListenerSession()) {
				// We need to expose a separate Session.
				conToClose = createConnection();
				sessionToClose = createSession(conToClose);
				sessionToUse = sessionToClose;
			}
			// Actually invoke the message listener...
			listener.onMessage(message, sessionToUse);
			// Clean up specially exposed Session, if any.
			if (sessionToUse != session) {
				if (sessionToUse.getTransacted() && isSessionLocallyTransacted(sessionToUse)) {
					// Transacted session created by this container -> commit.
					JmsUtils.commitIfNecessary(sessionToUse);
				}
			}
		}
		finally {
			JmsUtils.closeSession(sessionToClose);
			JmsUtils.closeConnection(conToClose);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the specified listener as standard JMS MessageListener.
	 *
Default implementation performs a plain invocation of the
	 * onMessage method.
	 * @param listener the JMS MessageListener to invoke
	 * @param message the received JMS Message
	 * @throws JMSException if thrown by JMS API methods
	 * @see javax.jms.MessageListener#onMessage
	 */
	protected void doInvokeListener(MessageListener listener, Message message) throws JMSException {
		listener.onMessage(message);
	}

	/**
	 * Perform a commit or message acknowledgement, as appropriate.
	 * @param session the JMS Session to commit
	 * @param message the Message to acknowledge
	 * @throws javax.jms.JMSException in case of commit failure
	 */
	protected void commitIfNecessary(Session session, Message message) throws JMSException {
		// Commit session or acknowledge message.
		if (session.getTransacted()) {
			// Commit necessary - but avoid commit call within a JTA transaction.
			if (isSessionLocallyTransacted(session)) {
				// Transacted session created by this container -> commit.
				JmsUtils.commitIfNecessary(session);
			}
		}
		else if (isClientAcknowledge(session)) {
			message.acknowledge();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Perform a rollback, if appropriate.
	 * @param session the JMS Session to rollback
	 * @throws javax.jms.JMSException in case of a rollback error
	 */
	protected void rollbackIfNecessary(Session session) throws JMSException {
		if (session.getTransacted() && isSessionLocallyTransacted(session)) {
			// Transacted session created by this container -> rollback.
			JmsUtils.rollbackIfNecessary(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Perform a rollback, handling rollback exceptions properly.
	 * @param session the JMS Session to rollback
	 * @param ex the thrown application exception or error
	 * @throws javax.jms.JMSException in case of a rollback error
	 */
	protected void rollbackOnExceptionIfNecessary(Session session, Throwable ex) throws JMSException {
		try {
			if (session.getTransacted() && isSessionLocallyTransacted(session)) {
				// Transacted session created by this container -> rollback.
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback on application exception", ex);
				}
				JmsUtils.rollbackIfNecessary(session);
			}
		}
		catch (IllegalStateException ex2) {
			logger.debug("Could not roll back because Session already closed", ex2);
		}
		catch (JMSException ex2) {
			logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
			throw ex2;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex2) {
			logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
			throw ex2;
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback error", ex);
			throw err;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check whether the given Session is locally transacted, that is, whether
	 * its transaction is managed by this listener container's Session handling
	 * and not by an external transaction coordinator.
	 *
Note: The Session's own transacted flag will already have been checked
	 * before. This method is about finding out whether the Session's transaction
	 * is local or externally coordinated.
	 * @param session the Session to check
	 * @return whether the given Session is locally transacted
	 * @see #isSessionTransacted()
	 * @see org.springframework.jms.connection.ConnectionFactoryUtils#isSessionTransactional
	 */
	protected boolean isSessionLocallyTransacted(Session session) {
		return isSessionTransacted();
	}

	/**
	 * Handle the given exception that arose during listener execution.
	 *
The default implementation logs the exception at error level,
	 * not propagating it to the JMS provider - assuming that all handling of
	 * acknowledgement and/or transactions is done by this listener container.
	 * This can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * @param ex the exception to handle
	 */
	protected void handleListenerException(Throwable ex) {
		if (ex instanceof MessageRejectedWhileStoppingException) {
			// Internal exception - has been handled before.
			return;
		}
		if (ex instanceof JMSException) {
			invokeExceptionListener((JMSException) ex);
		}
		if (isActive()) {
			// Regular case: failed while active.
			// Log at error level.
			logger.warn("Execution of JMS message listener failed", ex);
		}
		else {
			// Rare case: listener thread failed after container shutdown.
			// Log at debug level, to avoid spamming the shutdown log.
			logger.debug("Listener exception after container shutdown", ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke the registered JMS ExceptionListener, if any.
	 * @param ex the exception that arose during JMS processing
	 * @see #setExceptionListener
	 */
	protected void invokeExceptionListener(JMSException ex) {
		ExceptionListener exceptionListener = getExceptionListener();
		if (exceptionListener != null) {
			exceptionListener.onException(ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Internal exception class that indicates a rejected message on shutdown.
	 * Used to trigger a rollback for an external transaction manager in that case.
	 */
	private static class MessageRejectedWhileStoppingException extends RuntimeException {

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
New Port South is a 2001 American drama film. It was released on September 7, 2001. The film is set in the fictional town of New Port, near Chicago. It stars Will Estes, Todd Field, and Blake Shields, was written by James Hughes and directed by Kyle Cooper. The soundtrack is by Telefon Tel Aviv.

James Hughes is the son of John Hughes, who produced the movie (one of only two in John Hughes' career that he produced without writing himself—the other was Only the Lonely). It was also the last movie where John Hughes served as producer before his death.

Plot
Will Maddox (Blake Shields) has a theory about students not liking the idea of school and authority and thinking that it is a prison. He tests this theory and examines the boundaries of authority and his friendships. A few years before, a student, John Stanton (Michael Shannon) was committed to an insane asylum, for reasons unknown to most everybody except the principal. One day he escapes, releasing everyone else from the asylums around. Maddox sees this defiance which is the start of his anarchy. Maddox wants to "help him" and understand him more so they start a correspondence and Stanton tells him what to do and how to do it. This is includes the erasing of student grades, posting posters/fliers, and locking part of the student body in a room, among other things. Maddox gets his friends involved and challenges authority and gets most of the school behind him, including an administrator for a while. He is so consumed with creating chaos and disorder that his friends start to see the destruction, but they have to save themselves, and him before he can take complete control over the school.

Cast
 Todd Field as Mr. Walsh
 Will Estes as Chris
 Blake Shields as Will Maddox
 Kevin Christy as Clip
 Melissa George as Amanda
 Raymond J. Barry as Edwards
 Gabriel Mann as Mike Wilson
 Brad Eric Johnson as Knox
 Lamar Benson as Football Player
 Nick Sandow as Armstrong
 Michael Shannon as John Stanton

Filming locations
 Libertyville High School, Libertyville, Illinois (and the city of Libertyville itself).
 Lake Bluff, Illinois

Home media
A region 1 DVD of the film was released on March 12, 2002.

References

External links

2001 films
2001 directorial debut films
2001 drama films
American drama films
Touchstone Pictures films
Films produced by John Hughes (filmmaker)
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
English-language drama films


There are no poisonous snakes on Cres, as in the rest of the archipelago which according to legend, highly respectable bishop St. Gaudencije, outcasted.
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Out of four events held in The Den this past weekend, both the Loyola cheer and dance teams had the home field advantage, winning five total events including the third-consecutive Southern States Athletic Conference championship for the dance team.
The competitive dance team scored 86.32 to win the conference title yet again. Loyola beat Brewton-Parker and Martin Methodist by a wide margin as they scored 58.50 points and 53.57 points respectively.
Following the conference meet, the dance team earned their fourth victory over the past two days, winning a dual meet against Brewton-Parker and Martin Methodist. The judges awarded the Wolf Pack dance team a 91.47, the highest score earned throughout the day's competition.
Music Industry Studies junior Elisabeth Cohen, biology sophomore Lauren King, biology freshman Ana Maristany and psychology sophomore Sofia Rabassa were selected to the All-Conference Team.
The dance team also racked up wins on Feb. 1, winning a dual meet and the Wolf Pack Invitational.
Loyola's dance team also found success in the conference meet, finishing in third place for the second year in a row.
However, the team managed to win a dual meet in front of the home crowd. Loyola earned a score of 82.35, knocking out rivals Martin Methodist and Bethel.
Political science sophomore Samantha Conway and criminal justice senior Cassidy Wells won their first All-SSAC honors for the cheer team.
Not only did the teams win their own awards, but so did their coaches. Competitive Dance Coach of the Year went to Head Coach Rickey Hill and Assistant Coach Tiffany Willis.
The dance team earned the Team Sportsmanship Award, as well as featuring mass communication sophomore Jillian Oddo and music therapy junior Amanda Rivers on the All-Academic Team. Rabassa was also named to the Musco Lighting Champions of Character Team.
Loyola's dance team sported five athletes on the All-Academic Team, including Conway, Wells, music education junior Esau Jones, biochemistry junior Tri Le and biology senior Kristen Williams.
Williams also made an appearance on the Musco Lighting Champions of Character Team.


While searching for Robert Johnson's grave marker at Payne Chapel in Quito, MS., a man named Richard Johnson approached and asked "Are you looking for Robert Johnson?" He took us to a spot covered with overgrown brush. After pulling the grass aside, a marker with the name of Robert Johnson appeared. It is one of three disputed grave sites for the blues legend.