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Supervision & Examinations Archive
Consumer Leasing Act (CLA) examination procedures
Published Oct. 1, 2012
Download Consumer Leasing Act (CLA) examination procedures | PDF
For consumers, leasing is an alternative to buying property either with cash or on credit. A lease is a contract between a lessor (the property owner) and a lessee (the property user) for the use of property subject to stated terms and limitations for a specified period and at a specified payment.
The Consumer Leasing Act (CLA) (15 U.S.C. 1667 et seq.) was passed in 1976 to assure that meaningful and accurate disclosure of lease terms is provided to consumers before entering into a contract. It applies to consumer leases of personal property. With this information, consumers can more easily compare one lease with another, as well as compare the cost of leasing with the cost of buying on credit or the opportunity cost of paying cash. In addition, the CLA puts limits on balloon payments sometimes due at the end of a lease and regulates advertising.
Originally, the CLA was part of the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) and was implemented by Regulation Z. When Regulation Z was revised in 1981, Regulation M was issued and contained those provisions that govern consumer leases.
The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (the E-Sign Act), 15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq., was enacted in 2000 and did not require implementing regulations. On Nov. 9, 2007, amendments to Regulation M and the official staff commentary were issued to simplify the regulation and provide guidance on the electronic delivery of disclosures consistent with the E-Sign Act.
The Dodd-Frank Act granted rulemaking authority under the CLA to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and, with respect to entities under its jurisdiction, granted authority to the CFPB to supervise for and enforce compliance with the CLA and its implementing regulations. In December 2011, the CFPB restated the Federal Reserve's implementing regulation at 12 CFR Part 1013 (76 Fed. Reg. 78500)(Dec. 19, 2011).
Today, a relatively small number of banks engage in consumer leasing. The trend seems to be for leasing to be carried out through specialized bank subsidiaries, vehicle finance companies, other finance companies, or directly by retailers.
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The world-famous QE2 liner has left Southampton on its last ever voyage, as thousands of well-wishers looked on from the quayside.
The ship began to slip its berth at 1915 GMT, followed by a spectacular fireworks display.
The 41-year-old liner is being taken out of service and turned into a floating hotel in Dubai.
Earlier one million Remembrance Day poppies were dropped over QE2. Then a Harrier jet dipped its nose in tribute.
The vessel passed its terminal for the last time at about 2000 GMT, where more fireworks were let off.
QE2 was then visible from shore as it headed out into the Solent until about 2115 GMT.
The vessel was earlier cleared to sail by inspectors after running aground on a sandbank in the early hours.
Five tugs were sent to assist the 70,000-tonne liner at the entrance to Southampton Water.
It is thought gale force winds may have contributed to the incident.
About 1,700 passengers and 1,000 crew were on board. Many said they had felt the ship "shudder".
The ship was pulled off the sandbank after about 30 minutes, Solent Coastguard said. It later docked at 0730 GMT.
"The boat rocked. We thought it had hit something," said Gloria Dunkley, of Poole, Dorset, who was travelling with her husband.
"We were not too alarmed as no bells were rung."
Divers inspected whether the vessel was damaged when it hit the sandbank and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency sent two surveyors on board. The ship was later cleared to leave, Cunard said.
At 1100 GMT, one million poppies were dropped over the vessel by a DeHavilland Beaver aircraft accompanied by an Auster, to mark the 90th anniversary of the end of World War I and the start of a two-minute silence.
The Duke of Edinburgh went on board to meet crew members who travelled on the vessel when it was used as a troop ship in the Falklands War in 1982.
He was introduced to former captains of HMS Ardent, Antelope and Coventry - ships that were lost in the Falklands campaign.
He then joined other guests to watch an RAF Harrier jet, from No 1 (F) Squadron, hover over the ship for about one minute at 1345 GMT, before dipping its nose in tribute.
As well-wishers looked on from packed ferries in Southampton Water, RFA Mounts Bay led a flotilla of ships past the liner, blowing its horn as it went.
In a farewell address, Cpt Ian McNaught told the crowd the vessel had been acclaimed all over the world as a symbol of British excellence.
"For 40 years QE2 has striven to serve Southampton and serve her country with flair and fortitude," he said.
"But now her sea days are done and she passes on to a new life in a new home. We wish her well.
"On behalf of QE2 I bid Southampton farewell and thank you for all the affection you have shown to her in all these years.
It was the Duke of Edinburgh seventh visit to the vessel, which was launched by the Queen at Clydebank, near Glasgow, in September 1967.
The liner has sailed nearly six million nautical miles, been round the world 25 times, crossed the Atlantic more than 800 times and carried more than 2.5 million passengers.
Send us your pictures of the QE2 to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, text them to 61124 or if you have a large file you can upload here.


Mar 15, 2013 ... Collection of sand, Stone and Bajri of M/s Goyal Crushing co. ... Project for environmental clearance for enhancement of production of lizenithne .... due to interstate boundary of Jharkhand & West Bengal and Udhua .
Apr 23, 2015 ... Prior Environment Clearance for approval of Rajarwara Lizenithne Mins. Lease Area-2.902 ... Singh, M/s Parihar Stone Crusher, Sichai Colony,. Tehsil & District- ..... University, Kanke,. Ranchi – 834006 Capacity-Jharkhand).
State Government of Jharkhand,. Project Building, Dhunlva, Ranchi - 834004. Sub: Environmental clearance to the mining leases of 5 ha (major minerals.
Mahavir Vintrade Private Limited by Government of Jharkhand vide Order No. .... impact of other mines in the study area, as also stone crusher and other.
in environmental clearance from MoEF, New Delhi, VISA Steel Ltd., ACC Bargarh .... Kuchidihi, Chandil, Jharkhand. 30 ...... A Stone Crusher at Bhadrak, Orissa.
Sep 25, 2013 ... Jharkhand National Mineral Development Corp. Ltd. ......... 239 ..... Public hearing for Environmental Clearance (EC) was held successfully.
New Delhi, June 20 (ANI): Jharkhand Chief Minister Raghuvar Das imposed a ban on the ... received "specific requests" from Rahul Gandhi's office on environmental clearances. ... Maoists attack stone crusher unit in Kerala Jan 3, 11:15 am.
and the forest corridor in the Inter State Orissa-Jharkhand and Orissa- Chhatishgarh. Border. ...... 669 industries and mines stone crushers and mineral based.
This mining lease is given subject to the clearance of ... A brief look at history: The stone quarrying and crushing industry has .... The physical environment.
Feb 19, 2008 ... (Env.) dated 4th June, 1993 of the Forest and Environment Department ... The Petitioner in each of these Writ Petitions is a Stone Crusher Unit established ... As there was no necessity of obtaining permission/clearance from the State .... the State of Andhra Pradesh and the other side is towards Jharkhand.
... WCL and NCL have adequate crushing/sizing facilities of about 39.4 million tonnes. iii) Measures like picking of shale/stone, selective mining by conventional .... Km for North Karanpura Coalfields of Central Coalfields Limited, Ranchi, Jharkhand. ..... of ECLand BCCL are also being prepared for environmental clearance.
Shri A.K Gupta, Member Secretary, SEIAA, iharkhand, Ranchi. The decisions .... Clearance to the following project proposals related to stone mining — ... Dudhiya Stone Deposit with Crusher of Shri Ankush Grover at Vill -Dudhiya, Tehsil-.
Mar 31, 2014 ... Jharkhand National Mineral Development Corp. ..... Erection & trial runs of Primary & Secondary Crusher ... Necessary statutory clearances including Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment .... works of formation, minor and major bridges, staff quarter at Jagdalpur, collection of stone ballast,.
various environmental regulations, statistics of statutory clearances and .... Environment clearance is the only platform where people are consulted ...... such as Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Goa, Assam, and .... No. of miscelleneous industries (stone. 0. 1,200. Additional responsibility crusher & brick kiln).
Requirements of prior Environmental Clearance (EC):- The following projects or activities shall require .... An application seeking prior environmental clearance in all cases shall be made in the prescribed ..... ³ 5000 tcd cane crushing capacity ..... Construction material – stone, aggregates, sand / soil (expected source – MT).
May 1, 2014 ... environment could find mention in the Congress ... in the midst of this Reserves like Manas in Assam, Palamu in Jharkhand, ... Tiger—pushing clearances for mines and other such feeding tigers to other ..... impinge on forests and well-worn migratory paths of Sanctuary in Balasore district to exclude stone.
Feb 3, 2015 ... Rajbandh Stone Mine of Shri Purnendu Chandra. Pandey. 2. ... environmental clearance. 5. ... Yes, Interstate boundary of Jharkhand & West.


The debate over the war on drugs came to Eckstein Hall Wednesday when Gil Kerlikowske, the White House's "drug czar," sat down with Mike Gousha to talk "On the Issues" about the scope of the nation's drug problem and the legalization of marijuana.
Before being appointed as director of national drug control policy by President Obama in 2009, Kerlikowske was police chief of Seattle. When he left that post, crime in the city reached its lowest point in forty years.
Kerlikowske began the conversation by saying the nation does not have a single drug problem, but rather multiple regional drug problems, with certain drugs used more in different parts of the country but almost unseen in others.
Kerlikowske said prescription drug abuse is an epidemic in the country and that about 16,600 people have died in the past year from abuse.
The White House's focus on regional issues, Kerlikowske said, has led to a large decrease in the country's prison population, where about 50 percent of those incarcerated have a drug connection. He also attributed the decrease to the establishment of 2,600 drug courts across the country.
These drug courts, run by local justice systems, were established to help people who have been arrested for drug possession or use to recognize their problem and help put them on a path to recovery. Kerlikowske said the diagnosis and treatment of drug users is now the main focus in defining national drug policy.
After Gousha turned the conversation to the legalization of marijuana in Washington and Colorado, Kerlikowske cited a report by the Rand Corporation that expressed doubts about the government's ability to collect taxes on marijuana and the notion that legalization prevents violence, especially in Mexico. Kerlikowske went on to say he agreed with President Obama that marijuana should not be federally legalized.
Should marijuana be legalized, Kerlikowske said the drug should go through all FDA procedures, something he doubts will happen anytime soon.
"I don't think there is a lot of initiative by the large pharmaceutical companies, because it's very expensive to bring new products to market," Kerlikowske said.
Because marijuana is labeled a Schedule 1 drug, it is not considered to have any medical value. There are only 200 researchers in the country who have a license to study the drug, and so far three derivatives of the drug have been brought to market, two of which can be prescribed in the U.S.
Milwaukee Police Chief Ed Flynn also sat down toward the end of the conversation to answer questions, echoing much of what Kerlikowske said.
A person unaffiliated with Marquette who attended the event compared federal drug policy to the Prohibition era of the 1920s, saying drug-related crime was a side effect of marijuana not being legal.
Shame, by way of arrest, and then being run through the legal system, is CERTAIN to result in the same miserable recovery rates. 1 in 20 who enter a drug treatment program, whether voluntary or mandated at the threat of jail, remain drug-free for two years or longer. Insistence on abstinence instead of harm reduction for those addicted has resulted in abysmal long term recovery rates. And insistence on abstinence, when neural plasticity may have been permanently altered by disease, could very well be causing death, not preventing it. There's a dirty secret in drug treatment that those who are abstinent for a time OFTEN relapse to a fatal degree.
Any ethical prosecutor or judge enmeshed in these issues will tell you that the same people cycle through time and again, usually with escalating charges that lead to prison time. And like it or not, society stigmatizes those who end up in court and are forced into some treatment program whether they have addiction disease or not.
This is a subtle attempt to get people to think that there's an alternative to legalization that will solve he addiction disease. Kerlikowske and his ilk say 'you can't arrest your way out of this problem', yet they advocate just that. Arrest someone on possession charges, run them through drug courts, and hold out jail and shame as the carrot to get them into a failed treatment plan whether they suffer from disease or not.
The truth is this new strategy is nothing more than a thinly veiled attempt to maintain the status quo. The same status quo that enriches cartels. The same status quo that leaves users in shame for making a sovereign right decision on what they do with their own bodies and lives. The same status quo that results in no controls whatever for quality and safety. The same status quo where two-thirds of Federal funding goes for enforcement, rather than VOLUNTARY treatment, or monies spent looking for better, *scientific* methods of treatment for those who do become addicted. The same status quo that results in DEA and local police busting down doors with automatic weapons drawn, ski masks and all manner of terror applied to kid's developing minds. The same status quo where everyone in the chain maintains their paychecks.
Mr. Kerlikowske is on record stating he doesn't see this as a human rights issue. That's the central problem here. And it underscores, highlights, italicizes why this Prohibition MUST be dismantled. Perhaps Mr. Kerlikowske cannot see the death and suffering that is the end result of this. Perhaps he can, but will not admit to himself or anyone else that the cause is the Prohibition itself. I leave it to each individual to search their conscience. There are 40 years of outright lies and deception by our government. Should anyone confer credibility to someone who, in the face of societal rejection, only comes up with a subtle shift in rhetoric while at core advocating the status quo?
BS! Does he also think aspirin, morphine, penicillin and choral hydrate should also pass FDA approval, because they have not! Cannabis was legal medicine for 100 years, and still would be if not for bureaucrats who prohibited it for economic gain despite the objections of the AMA.
What? Cannabis was made illegal less than a hundred years ago in most places, it was completely legal before then and has definitely been used for thousands of years by humans.
Marijuana will absolutely become legalized everywhere in the United States eventually, already being legal in two states with many others considering. Now is indeed the greatest time for our movement.
Divide 16,600 by the US population (300,000,000).
0.005% have died from drugs!!!
This is an epidemic that justifies shredding the bill of rights: i.e.the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 9th, and 10th amendments?
Of course, those numbers don't include 400,000 deaths from tobacco, or 100,000 from alcohol. Half a million deaths from those drugs does not warrant prohibition, but no deaths from marijuana does. There are a lot of rules that apply to marijuana, but nowhere else.
"We in the police have learned over the past 20 years that we are not at war with anybody," Flynn said.
In 2011, 15% of all arrests in NYC were for marijuana possession. That's more than the arrests for ALL VIOLENT CRIME COMBINED.
In Chicago, 95% of all marijuana arrests and 98% of all marijuana convictions were people of color despite the fact that blacks and whites use drugs at equal rates. These racist statistics are repeated in every major city in the US.
The bill of rights is really inconvenient for police. So why are we taking their public policy advice?
The short history of the marijuana laws at http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/whiteb1.htm The laws were such lunacy that people laugh out loud when they read the story today.
Licit and Illicit Drugs at http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/cumenu.htm The best overall review of the drug problem ever written. It has been used as a basic college textbook for decades. If you haven't read it, then you simply don't know the subject.
The Drug Hang-Up at http://druglibrary.org/special/king/dhu/dhumenu.htm An excellent history of the subject that explains a lot of what is really behind the drug laws.
Marihuana, A Signal of Misunderstanding, the report of President Nixon's US National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse at http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/nc/ncmenu.htm This is the largest and most comprehensive study of the drug laws ever done.
Major Studies of Drugs and Drug Policy at http://druglibrary.org/schaffer This is a collection of the full text of every major government commission report on drugs from around the world over the last 100 years. In short, they all found that the marijuana laws were based on racism, ignorance, and nonsense. They all concluded that marijuana prohibition does more harm than good — no matter what you assume about the dangers of marijuana.
You can tell the difference between the two sides on this issue just by reading the above materials. Legalizers have read it. Prohibitionists never read it. If you find someone in favor of prohibition, it is a sure bet that they have never laid eyes on the most basic research — and that includes every US Drug Czar since William Bennett.
Kerlikowske, did your mother have any children that could tell the truth. Did you notice the article saying that after he left the Seattle PD crime dropped. Hmmm maybe his replacement wasn't at war with the citizens of Seattle.


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BIOGRAPHY – Art by A. David Crown, M.D.
A. David Crown, M.D., (1924 - 2016), Founder and Director of the International Mezzotint Society, was born in London, England and educated at Cambridge University, the University of London and the London Hospital Medical School. He became a physician in 1947 and moved to Rochester, NY in 1948. He practiced internal medicine until 1982 when he retired. This enabled him to pursue full-time his "other career as an artist." In 1983 he moved to Gainesville, Florida.
Dr. Crown worked in many different media: mezzotints, woodblocks, linocuts, etchings and collographs, oil painting, and sculpture in steel, aluminum and bronze. He conducted workshops and demonstrations, and gave numerous lectures on the history of printmaking and on a wide variety of printmaking topics and techniques.
He was awarded a residency for printmaking at the prestigious Frans Masereel Center in Belgium. His works are in numerous collections across America, Canada, Japan, Europe and Russia.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Barcelona—if you haven't been yet, it should definitely be at the top of your list of places to visit before you die. Barcelona-if you have not been yet, it should definitely be at the top of your list of places to visit before you die. Fiercely proud , famously full of life, and overflowing with culture, it's regularly voted among the top European destinations for travellers, and there's always plenty to discover even if you've visited before. Fiercely proud , famously full of life, and overflowing with culture, it's regularly voted among the top European destinations for travelers, and there's always plenty to discover even if you've visited before.
However, to experience Barcelona's soul, its true heart, there's just three things you need to remember— fantastic food, the ancient gothic quarter, and the ever-present influence of Antoni Gaudi. However, to experience Barcelona's soul, its true heart, there's just three things you need to remember- fantastic food, the ancient gothic quarter, and the ever-present influence of Antoni Gaudi. Here, we take a look at the very best the city has to offer and give you a few pointers along the way. Here, we take a look at the very best of the city you have to offer and give you a few pointers along the way.
As the capital of Catalonia, Barcelona's gourmet delights are unique and always delicious. As the capital of Catalonia, Barcelona's gourmet delights are unique and always delicious. Fish and seafood are always on the menu, and there's plenty to choose from when it comes to meat too. Fish and seafood are always on the menu, and there's plenty to choose from when it comes to meat too.
Mar i muntanya (sea and mountain) combines both across a variety of different dishes, and among the most popular is meatballs and cuttlefish cooked in rich tomato sauce. Mar i muntanya (sea and mountain) combines both across a variety of different dishes, and among the most popular is meatballs and cuttlefish cooked in rich tomato sauce. Looking for something a little more adventurous? Looking for something a little more adventurous? Then cargols a la llauna gives you the chance to try barbequed snails with a tangy sauce. Then cargols a la llauna gives you the chance to try barbequed snails with a tangy sauce.
Despite its reputation as a meat and fish loving city, there's also plenty of choice for vegetarians. Despite its reputation as a meat and fish loving city, there is also plenty of choice for vegetarians. Pa amb tomàquet is a simple dish consisting of toasted bread, fresh tomato puree, and garlic. Pa amb tomàquet is a simple dish consisting of toasted bread, fresh tomato puree, and garlic. Alternatively, and when in season, try a few Calçots —a type of green onion that is barbequed and then dipped into a garlic, tomato, and almond sauce. Alternatively, and when in season, try a few Calçots -a type of green onion that is barbequed and then dipped into a garlic, tomato, and almond sauce. Finally, espinacs amb panses i pinyons is a simple sautéed spinach salad with raisins and pine nuts to taste—a mouthwatering side that works well with a variety of other dishes. Finally, spinacs amb panses i pinyons is a simple sautéed spinach salad with raisins and pine nuts to taste-a mouthwatering that works well with a variety of other dishes.
With more than 2000 years of history knotted into its labyrinthine streets, Barcelona's Gothic Quarter is a living history lesson that's still full of vitality and energy. With more than 2000 years of history knotted into its labyrinthine streets, Barcelona's Gothic Quarter is a living history lesson that's still full of vitality and energy. Check out the ancient Jewish Quarter which contains some of the narrowest streets in the city, explore Picasso's old stomping grounds and the former site of the art school that taught him his trade, and browse La Boqueria —one of the oldest street markets in Europe. Check out the ancient Jewish Quarter which contains some of the narrowest streets in the city, explore Picasso's old stomping grounds and the former site of the art school that taught him his trade, and browse La Boqueria -one of the oldest street markets in Europe.
Other must-sees in the Gothic Quarter include the Roman Temple, the Gothic Cathedral, and the Plaça d'Antonio Lopez where you can see the old Roman walls that surrounded the city. Other must-sees in the Gothic Quarter include the Roman Temple, the Gothic Cathedral, and the Plaça d'Antonio Lopez where you can see the old Roman walls that surrounded the city.
The Gothic Quarter is not only a trip back in time, however, and there's plenty of ways to enjoy the here and now. The Gothic Quarter is not only a trip back in time, however, and there's plenty of ways to enjoy the here and now. Famed for its late-night party atmosphere and free-flowing sangria, it's less about any one bar or cocktail lounge and more about dipping in and out to grab a drink and enjoy the unique ambience of the barrio. Famed for its late-night party atmosphere and free-flowing sangria, it's less about any bar or cocktail lounge and more about dipping in and out to grab a drink and enjoy the unique ambience of the neighborhood. The party runs into the early hours and there's a good chance you'll watch the sunrise during summer. The party runs into the early hours and there's a good chance you'll watch the sunrise during summer.
Barcelona wouldn't be Barcelona without the visionary architecture of Antoni Gaudi. Barcelona would not be Barcelona without the visionary architecture of Antoni Gaudi. Many of his buildings are now designated World Heritage Sites, and of course, there's the famous Sagrada Família that's still under construction—137 years since ground was broken. Many of his buildings are now designated World Heritage Sites, and of course, there's the famous Sagrada Família that's still under construction-137 years since ground was broken.
The best way to see everything in the city is to take a tour with a knowledgeable guide. The best way to see everything in the city is to take a tour with a knowledgeable guide. You'll not only avoiding hours pouring over a map, but you'll also get historical and contextual information on his work, and Barcelona as a whole, that will really bring the city to life. You'll not only avoid hours, but you'll get historical and contextual information on his work, and Barcelona as a whole, that will really bring the city to life.
Park Güell is a highlight, but so too the Casa Milà and the Casa Vicens —two of Gaudi's modernist masterpieces that were originally designed as residences but are now open to the public. Park Güell is a highlight, but so too the Casa Milà and the Casa Vicens -two of Gaudi's modernist masterpieces that were originally designed as residences but are now open to the public.
Finally, no trip to Barcelona would be complete without a trip to the Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família , a cathedral that simultaneously displays elements of Spanish Late Gothic, Catalan Modernism, and Art Nouveau architecture that combine to create a breathtaking spectacle that has to be seen to be believed. Finally, no trip to Barcelona would be complete without a trip to the Basilica and Temple Expiatori of the Sagrada Família , to a cathedral that simultaneously displays elements of Spanish Late Gothic, Catalan Modernism, and Art Nouveau that combines to create a breathtaking spectacle that has to be seen to be believed.


The first step to recovery is admiting you have a problem. Well everyone I have a problem. I am addicted to my iPhone. Not a little bit, a lot. I love my iPhone 4. Even if it isn't the latest and greatest. And even if the camera is broken and gives every picture an annoying glow. I still love my iPhone.
However what I love most is the amount of options I have for what my phone can do which leads me to my favorite 5 apps I am using right now.
This one should come as no surprise. I love the Audible app and it might be the most used app on my phone besides Mail and Safari. The Audible App has a great interface, Xbox Live style achievements, great stat keeping, and just an all around great user experience. Having over 50 audiobooks already in my library and plenty more to come I love to have a dedicated app to my growing obsession with audio books.
I am really sick of Facebook. And I don't love the fact that Facebook now owns Instagram. But that doesn't mean I still don't love the Instagram app. I love seeing what people take pictures of and during a long day of work I am always down to see someones beautiful travel photos. It's a slick app and for me is a great alternative to Facebook.
I cannot tell you how many times watching a movie or a television show Jenn or I will ask each other where the actor/actress is from. Well it doesn't get any easier then having IMDB in your pocket. Within a few seconds I not only have identified the actor/actress but now know their entire career.
I have three folders of games on my iPhone, most of which I don't play all that often. The one I seem to go back to more then any other is Jetpack Joyride. It is the perfect pick up and play game where you can literally play for 30 seconds and put away. The basic premise is to see how far you can take your jetpack weilding character from the start of this warehouse. What's so addicting about this game is trying to compete against friends scores. If you haven't played it yet, you really should.
I do the finances for our family. And instead of checking each financial institutions website everyday to make sure everything is "in order" I use Mint.com and more specifically now the Mint iPhone app. It is a slick app that gives you an idea on how your doing on your budget, areas of concern, and bill reminders. Plus if your a data guy like me you can start delving into trends.


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Category: Texts (Hindus)
Vedangas (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance)
What are Vedangas, different Vedangas names (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "What are Vedangas, different Vedangas names (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance)", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are the manuscripts which are vast ancient composition literature. These are authenticatively associated to the diverse traditions within Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). These authentic texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) of Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) were written by Lord Sri Vishnu himself. And few of them were composed by other Rishis and Devatas (Demigods) as per instructions of Lord Sri Vishnu. The Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are divided into Shrutis (that can be...
Texts (Hindus)Texts (Hindus)
Aranyakas (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance)
What are Aranyakas, different Aranyakas names (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "What are Aranyakas, different Aranyakas names (information) (meaning) (importance) (significance)", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are the manuscripts which are vast ancient composition literature. These are authenticatively associated to the diverse traditions within Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). These authentic texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) of Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) were written by Lord Sri Vishnu himself. And few of them were composed by other Rishis and Devatas (Demigods) as per instructions of Lord Sri Vishnu. The Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are divided into Shrutis (that can be...
List of Hindu texts names – Part 4 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise)
List of Hindu texts names – Part 4 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "List of Hindu texts names (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) - Part 4 of 4", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. This is been continued from "List of Hindu texts names (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) - Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3" 9. Puranas : In Sanskrit Purana is written as पुराण (purāṇa). Purana means "ancient stories of Indian history". Puranas have vast amount of the history which covers wide range of topics, particularly about real legends and other traditional lore of India (Bharata Varsha...
4 Vedas names (information) (meaning)
4 Vedas names (with basic information) (meaning) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "4 Vedas names (with basic information) (meaning)", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are the manuscripts which are vast ancient composition literature. These are authenticatively associated to the diverse traditions within Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). These authentic texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) of Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) were written by Lord Sri Vishnu himself. And few of them were composed by other Rishis and Devatas (Demigods) as per instructions of Lord Sri Vishnu. The Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are divided into Shrutis (that can be heard) and Smritis (that can be...
Texts (Hindus), VedasTexts (Hindus), Vedas
List of Hindu texts names - Part 3 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "List of Hindu texts names (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) - Part 3 of 4", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. This is been continued from "List of Hindu texts names (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) - Part 1 and Part 2" 2(88). Rudrakshajabala Upanishad : In simple words this Upanishad is also called as Rudrasha Upanishad (रुद्राक्ष उपनिषद्) (rudrākṣa upaniṣad). In Sanskrit this Upanishad is written as रुद्राक्षजाबाल उपनिषद् (rudrākṣajābāla upaniṣad) (रुद्राक्षजाबालोपनिषद्) (rudrākṣajābālōpaniṣad). This Upanishad talks about the invocation to Brahman, the Supreme Reality for the welfare...
List of Hindu texts names - Part 2 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "List of Hindu texts names - Part 2 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise)", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. This is been continued from "List of Hindu texts names (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) - Part 1" 2(38). Nadabindu Upanishad : Nadabindu Upanishad in Sanskrit is written as नादबिन्दोपनिषद् (nādabindōpaniṣad) (नादबिन्दु उपनिषद्) (nādabindu upaniṣad). Sometimes, this Upanishad is also known as 'Amrita-Nada-Bindu Upanishad'. In Sanskrit it is written as अमृतनादबिन्दोपनिषद् (amr̥tanādabindōpaniṣad). The Nadabindu Upanishad is composed in poetic style. The text Nadabindu Upanishad opens with...
List of Hindu texts names - Part 1 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise) Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Krishna (Vishnu) (Rama) blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to "List of Hindu texts names - Part 1 of 4 (With basic information) (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy Books) (treatise)", let us know a brief, basic and very important information. Hindu texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) are the manuscripts which are vast ancient composition literature which authenticatively associated to the diverse traditions within Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). These authentic texts (scriptures) (Granthas) (Holy books) (treatise) of Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) were written by Lord Sri Vishnu himself, few of them were composed by other Rishis and Devatas (Demigods) as per instructions of Lord...
List of Sri Jayatirtha (Teekacharya) granthas (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages
List of Sri Jayatirtha (Teekacharya) granthas (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Bhagavan Sri Vishnu blessings to you and your family! Just before going to know about "List of Sri Jayatirtha Ji (Teekacharya) granthas (texts) names", let us have a brief information about Sri Jayatirtha Ji (Teekacharya). Sri Jayatirtha Ji parents names are Raghunatha Deshpande (father) and Sakubai (mother). His birth name is called as Dhondopant Deshpande. Sri Jayatirtha Ji was born in a place called as Mangalwedha near Pandarpur in Solapur district of today's Maharashtra state. Sri Jayatirtha Ji wife name is called as Bhimabai. His Vrindavana is in Malakheda. His ashrama Guru is Sri Akshobhya Tirtha Ji and his ashrama shishyas (followers / students) are Sri Vidyadhiraja Tirtha Ji and Sri Vyasa Tirtha Ji. Sri Jayatirtha Ji is an avatar of Lord Indra Deva and also has the avesha amsha (part) of Sri Shesha Deva. His ankita nama is Rama Vittala. Sri Jayatirtha Ji's other names are...
Madhvacharya Ji, Texts (Hindus)Madhvacharya Ji, Texts (Hindus)
List of Sri Vyasaraja granthas (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages
List of Sri Vyasaraja granthas (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Bhagavan Sri Vishnu blessings to you and your family! Just before going to know about "List of Sri Vyasaraja granthas (texts)", let us have some basic information about Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji. Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji is an avatar of Prahlada. His different avatars are - first avatar is Shankukarna, second is Prahlada, third is Bahlika Raja, fourth is Sri Vyasatirtha Ji and fifth is Sri Raghavendra Swami. Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji was born on 22nd April 1447 near a village called Bannur in present state of Mysuru district in Karnataka state. His parents names are Ballanna (father) and Akkamma (mother). Birth of Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji is called as Yatiraja. He was born with the divine blessings of Sri Brahmanya Tirtha Ji. Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji's ankita name is Siri Krishna (Sri Krishna). His Moola Brindavana is in Anegondi (Nava Brindavana). Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha Ji's mutt (matha) name...
List of Sri Raghavendra Swamy grantha (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages
List of Sri Raghavendra Swamy grantha (texts) names in Sanskrit, Kannada, English languages Namaste friends, how are you doing today? Welcome to #BhagavanBhakthi website / blog. Bhagavan Lord Sri Vishnu blessings to you and your family! In this website / blog, you will always learn about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Also subscribe to my YouTube channel from this link #BhagavanBhakthi to view videos about #Hinduism #Sanskrit language. Just before going to know about "List of Sri Raghavendra Swamy grantha (texts) names", let have have some brief information about Sri Raghavendra Swami. Sri Raghavendra Swami was born in 1595 A.D. in Bhuvanagiri, at Kumbhakonam in Tamilnadu. Sri Raghavendra Swami birth name is Venkatanatha. He completed his upanayanam at the age of 7 yrs in 1602 A.D. Sri Raghavendra Swami got married to Saraswati Bai in the age of 19 yrs. His father name is Timmanna Bhatta (also known as Thimmannacharya) and mother name is Gopikamba. Sri Raghavendra Swami elder sister name is Venkatamba, elder brother name is Gururaja and...
Madhvacharya Ji, Raghavendra Swamy, Texts (Hindus)Madhvacharya Ji, Raghavendra Swamy, Texts (Hindus)


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How the big banks fell to climate panic
HSBC has suspended its most senior risk manager for criticising eco-alarmism.
Andrew Orlowski
Topics Free Speech Politics UK World
HSBC has suspended one of its most senior global risk managers. At an industry event last week, Stuart Kirk – global head of responsible investments at HSBC Asset Management – took aim at how risk managers and central banks have exaggerated the risks posed by climate change. Within hours, he was hung out to dry.
In his presentation, Kirk warned that he was going to utter a 'heresy' – that 'climate change is not a financial risk we need to worry about'. Kirk, who had cleared his presentation with HSBC management, emphasised that he wasn't challenging the IPCC's scientific assessments or the likelihood of more extreme climate events – 'there will be fires', he said, for example. He also urged the financial industry 'to make money from the transition'.
Kirk's ire was directed at the quality of the industry's risk analysis, much of which, he said, wildly exaggerates the potential damage from climate change. He also chafed at the increasing amount of regulation that analysts are now obliged to follow in order to accommodate apocalyptic climate predictions. This consumes a disproportionate amount of his team's work, he complained.
Not only is the potential damage from climate change a distant problem, Kirk argued, but also, with the right policies and continuing economic growth, societies can take it all in their stride. 'If economic growth continues how I expect it to, we can solve [climate change] through adaptation', he said. In the climate discussion, 'adaptation' refers to ways of reducing the impact of changes in the climate (such as through flood defences, air conditioning or changes in agriculture), while 'mitigation' refers to decarbonisation. 'One of the tragedies of this whole debate, and what we obsess about at HSBC, is that we spend way too much time on mitigation financing and not enough on adaptation financing – and I'm sure most of you will agree with that.'
Unfortunately, they didn't. Kirk's observations were 'offensive and inaccurate', according to one activist who campaigns for lower investment in gas, coal and oil energy. Worse for Kirk, his boss at HSBC, Nuno Matos, doubled down on the pieties now expected of finance chiefs. 'The transition to Net Zero is of utmost importance to us and we will strive for ways to help our clients on this journey', Matos intoned.
While Kirk didn't refer to the acronym, the event was billed as one in a series seeking to align the industry with the political goals of 'ESG' – or Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance goals. It was subtitled 'Turning Talk into Action to Hit ESG Targets'. ESG has created an alliance between apocalyptic climate activists – characterised by Kirk as 'nutjobs' in his talk – and the world's most influential capitalists.
ESG is essentially a rating tool which punishes companies and fund managers for activities that are deemed sinful, such as investing in fossil fuels. BlackRock chairman Larry Fink – perhaps the most influential capitalist in the world – is one of the driving forces behind the adoption of ESG. In 2020, he wrote that 'the evidence on climate risk is compelling investors to reassess core assumptions about modern finance… In the near future – and sooner than most anticipate – there will be a significant reallocation of capital.'
Fink's firm, BlackRock, is in a position to make that reallocation happen, as one of three investment managers that effectively 'owns the market'. As the Wall Street Journal explained last week: 'In 90 per cent of public companies, one of the Big Three is the largest shareholder.' Companies that fail to comply with ESG demands are effectively bullied into doing so. Activists can vote out directors who disagree. ESG has gone largely unchallenged, as the response to Kirk's presentation illustrates. ESG assets are now worth over $50 trillion. Mastercard recently linked its executive pay to ESG targets on 'carbon neutrality, financial inclusion and gender-pay parity'. Long-term investment in fossil-fuel extraction has declined markedly thanks to ESG.
Yet no one can really agree on what is actually 'ethical' in ESG. Last week, Elon Musk's electric-car firm, Tesla, was ejected from the S&P500 ESG list. In response, Musk called ESG a 'scam' that had been 'weaponised by phoney social-justice warriors'.
For anyone hoping that ESG's inexorable rise will continue, radically redirecting capital allocation towards supposedly 'ethical' firms, the weeks since Russia's invasion of Ukraine have been tough. ESG advocates, until recently, could argue that ESG equities were outperforming 'sin stocks' like fossil fuels. But this relied largely on the performance of Big Tech stocks, such as Amazon and Alphabet (Google), which are all ESG compliant. In recent weeks, their big gains during the Covid pandemic have gone into reverse.
'There are essentially two core components of the ESG mantra', notes the Telegraph's Ben Wright. 'The first is that ethically sound companies will perform better in the long run. The second is that disinvestment creates the economic pressure for change. Both claims are unproven at best.'
As author Rupert Darwall explained in a recent paper, the use of public companies as a vehicle for pursuing a narrow, dogmatic agenda raises deep questions of legitimacy. And the divestment from fossil fuels has already come at an extremely high cost, driving up energy and food prices, and fuelling inflation.
The demand for fossil fuels – indeed, the necessity of fossil fuels – in so many vital sectors such as agriculture is not going to be cured by ritualistic pieties from the boards of public companies. The demand for oil does not disappear with divestment from oil stocks.
Private-equity firms have noticed this and are now snapping up 'sin stocks' such as fossil-fuel energy firms. If 'clean' companies, highly rated by ESG, no longer invest in useful assets for which there is a continuing demand, then 'dirty' ones inevitably will come in to fill the gap – particularly if the 'clean' substitutes are inadequate, as is the case with renewable energy today. One can almost sense the panic as the penny finally drops for ESG advocates.
In one of Kirk's most striking passages in his presentation, he described how central banks now perform a quasi-religious duty, rather than a dispassionate economic function. One of his slides argued that 'to make climate change appear like a significant threat, scaremongers are torturing their models'. Kirk explained how central banks' climate stress-test models for banks like HSBC are freighted with unrealistic assumptions: 'Even with a carbon tax hitting growth, [central banks] couldn't make climate risk move the needle. So they had to get their clever little wonks in the backroom to put a gigantic interest-rate shock through the models in order to make headlines.' The models are essentially made to conform to a pre-existing belief in the dangers posed by climate change.
ESG is really a form of cosplay, in which the titans of capital now award each other prizes for their virtue, marking each other's homework. The biggest casualty is the reputation of the financial system itself, which was not exactly shiny after the crash of 2008. Capital markets ought to be able to reflect reality: to price the underlying value of an asset, such as an oil company, or to weigh up how risky an investment bet may be. Thanks to ESG, the markets have made themselves incapable of doing this job.
Andrew Orlowski is a weekly columnist at the Daily Telegraph. Follow him on Twitter: @AndrewOrlowski.
Tags Business Climate change Economy Environment


Nugget Series is part of the Triploid marigolds producing compact, double flowerheads in shades of yellow, orange, red and gold. In general, marigolds are bushy annuals that have angular, rounded stems that are sometimes purplish in color. Late spring to fall flowers are plentiful and about 1 to 2.5 inches across. Though thought of as a summer annual, works well for fall plantings too, especially as a chrysanthemum substitute. Great for borders and containers. A natural insect repellant for herb and vegetable gardens. Remove and discard spent flowers to encourage extended flowering and reduce "housing" for insects and disease. Grow in full sun in well-drained soil. Cross between T.erecta and T. patula.
Important Info : Contact with foliage can irritate skin allergies.


This medication contains an antibiotic from the macrolide family. Typically, it is used to treat infections. It requires several days to take effect.
This medication is typically used twice a day. However, your doctor or pharmacist may have suggested a different schedule that is more appropriate for you. Generally, a treatment with this medication lasts several days. Take it for the entire time prescribed in order to achieve the medication's full benefit.
it may alter your sense of taste.


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Equatoria, News December 6, 2016
By Radio Tamazuj Kajo-Keji County Commissioner Luka Yombe said that the commissioner of Kangapo County and three of his security guards and a car driver were abducted by gunmen allied to SPLA-IO troops in Yei…
The armed opposition in South Sudan's Eastern Equatoria State claim their forces attacked government forces in Ayachi County on Wednesday morning. According to opposition spokesman Col. Odwar Paulo Opwaki, 28 government troops died in the…
Equatoria, News November 30, 2016
More than 3,000 displaced households have returned to their houses in Kajokeji area in South Sudan's Yei River State after fleeing to refugee camps in northern Uganda due to shortages of food and water, a…
Large numbers of govt militia moving into Equatoria to support military offensive
The United Nations says that "large numbers" of South Sudanese militia have moved into the Equatoria region to support a planned military offensive. President Salva Kiir announced recently his support for ethnic-based recruitment in the…
SPLA and rebels abuse civilians in Yei area, rights group says
Government and rebel forces in and around South Sudan's southern town of Yei have committed serious abuses against civilians in recent months, the monitoring group Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. Government…
Former local official admits rampant insecurity in Torit
Jerman Charles, former commissioner of Torit County in South Sudan's Eastern Equatoria State has admitted that there are security challenges and economic crisis facing local residents in Torit and other areas in the state. In…
Religious leaders plan to relocate Kalipapa citizens to Juba
Nearly 4,000 people who fled their houses following a "house to house" massacre by government forces at Kalipapa village in Kwerijik Bungu Payam are expected to be relocated to Juba, a religious leader said. In…
Equatoria, News October 3, 2016
Spokesman Says SPLA-IO Withdrew from Morobo and Kaya Towns
By Radio Tamazuj: The SPLA-IO faction allied to former vice president Riek Machar says that it has withdrawn from Morobo and Kaya areas in South Sudan's Yei River State, after attempting to take the two…
Opinion October 1, 2016
Time to Pack Our Rags and Swim As Refugees
In this article, originally published in his column in Juba Monitor in November 2014, Opoka Christopher challenges the Equatoria community to respond following the brutal murder of the former Mayor of Yei Municipality, Cecilia Oba….
SPLA-IO Rebels Claim Capture of Morobo Town
By Radio Tamazuj: South Sudanese rebels loyal to former vice president Riek Machar announced that they captured Morobo town in Yei River State on Thursday. Kiri Bennett, military spokesman of the SPLA-IO forces in Central…


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US 10th Cir./
ROHRBOUGH v. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO HOSPITAL AUTHORITY
ROHRBOUGH v. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO HOSPITAL AUTHORITY (2010)
United States Court of Appeals,Tenth Circuit.
Lisa M. ROHRBOUGH, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO HOSPITAL AUTHORITY, a body corporate and political subdivision of the State of Colorado; and Margaret Frueh, individually and in her official capacity, Defendants-Appellees.
Decided: February 19, 2010
Before MURPHY, EBEL, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges. David A. Lane, Killmer, Lane & Newman, LLP, Denver, CO, for Appellant. Thomas S. Rice (Gillian M. Fahlsing with him on the brief), Senter Goldfarb & Rice, L.L.C., Denver, CO, for Appellees.
Plaintiff Lisa M. Rohrbough filed suit pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging her former employer, the University of Colorado Hospital Authority (the "Hospital"), and her former manager, Margaret Frueh, fired her in retaliation for exercising her First Amendment rights. Rohrbough appeals the district court's grant of summary judgment. The district court concluded Rohrbough's speech was unprotected because it was made pursuant to Rohrbough's official duties as a "Transplant Coordinator" in the Hospital's Heart Transplant Unit. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we AFFIRM.
Rohrbough worked for the Hospital from November 9, 1992, until June 1, 2004, when the Hospital terminated her employment. During the final five years of her employment, Rohrbough served as the "Transplant Coordinator" in the Hospital's Heart Transplant Unit. In 2002, she became concerned about patient care in the Unit due to what she perceived to be a "staffing crisis." Specifically, Rohrbough believed the staffing problems were affecting the quality of care the Hospital's patients received because labs and other medical tests were performed "extremely late" and charts were not reviewed in a timely fashion. Rohrbough raised her concerns with a number of hospital employees "[b]ecause [she] wanted the patient care issues that were causing patient negative outcomes to be addressed, and [because she] believed everyone needed to be held accountable for their action or inaction."
First, Rohrbough raised her concerns to Nurses Nancy Ireland and Linda Stepien, and Karin Keller, her day-to-day supervisor. These conversations took place both inside and outside the workplace. She next raised her concerns with Margaret Frueh, her manager, and Dr. JoAnn Lindenfeld, the director of the Hospital's Heart Transplant Unit. Rohrbough also discussed the staffing issues during an appeal of her 2002 performance evaluation with Colleen Goode, vice president of patient services and the Hospital's chief nursing officer, and Joyce Cashman, the Hospital's executive vice president. Still frustrated by the Hospital's lack of response, she took her concerns to Dennis Brimhall, the president of the Hospital. Rohrbough thought it appropriate to meet with Brimhall given that her concerns were "related to [her] employment because they were patient care issues."
Brimhall informed Rohrbough she had the option of meeting with someone from the Hospital's Risk Management Unit. Rohrbough subsequently met with Susan West of the Hospital's Risk Management Unit. West informed her of the Hospital's incident reporting system and welcomed Rohrbough to create incident reports covering the instances of substandard care she observed. Indeed, Hospital policies required all employees to write incident reports whenever they encountered unsafe conditions, errors, and near misses. After meeting with West, Rohrbough composed eleven such reports.
While her performance evaluation appeal was pending, Rohrbough learned of a possible heart transplant misallocation and cover-up at the Hospital. She reported information regarding this alleged missallocation and cover-up to the United Network for Organ Sharing ("UNOS"), an entity established by Congress to administer organ transplants. As Transplant Coordinator, Rohrbough was responsible for contacting UNOS to place patients on transplant lists, removing patients from transplants lists, and providing information about a particular transplant. In this particular instance, however, Rohrbough testified she called UNOS because her impression was that Dr. Lindenfeld was not going to be truthful in her report to UNOS. She contacted the UNOS representative from her home, identified herself as the Hospital's Transplant Coordinator, and described her basis for believing a heart had been misallocated at the Hospital. She also discussed the alleged heart misallocation with a reporter from the Denver Westword, a print weekly.
In February 2004, Rohrbough received a performance evaluation that indicated she had failed to meet Hospital standards. In March 2004, several of Rohrbough's coworkers approached the Hospital's human resources department to express concerns about Rohrbough's poor job performance and her negative impact on the work environment. In response, Rohrbough was placed on administrative leave. She was reinstated, but failed to improve her performance. As a result, Frueh terminated Rohrbough's employment on June 1, 2004. In explaining her decision to terminate Rohrbough, Frueh testified that "[a]t no time during Ms. Rohrbough's employment at the Hospital did I have knowledge of her reports to UNOS regarding the alleged 'heart-switch cover-up.' ․ Therefore, I could not have disciplined Ms. Rohrbough for this alleged reporting."
Rohrbough filed suit against the Hospital and Frueh, in both her individual and official capacity, alleging the Hospital impermissibly retaliated against her for exercising First Amendment rights. Rohrbough specifically alleges her speech relating to the Hospital's staffing crisis, the heart misallocation, and incident reports were protected under the First Amendment. The Hospital moved for summary judgment, arguing that all of Rohrbough's speech was made pursuant to her official responsibilities and therefore unprotected under Garcetti.
The district court entered summary judgment in favor of the Hospital. It held that under the standards developed in the wake of Garcetti, it was "clear that all the speech for which plaintiff was allegedly retaliated against [fell] squarely within the scope of her official duties." The district court held Rohrbough's complaints about inadequate staffing "by her own admission, directly related to her concerns about patient safety and welfare" and fell squarely within her "overarching job responsibility as a nurse" to ensure those concerns were met. Similarly, the district court held the occurrence reports were also written pursuant to Rohrbough's "broader, official duties as a nurse to safeguard patient welfare." Finally, with respect to her communications with UNOS, the district court held this speech was a "natural, foreseeable outgrowth" of Rohrbough's official duty to contact UNOS to place patients on the transplant list or to change a patient's status on that list. As a result, the district court held that none of the speech activities on which Rohrbough's claim was based were "subject to protection under the First Amendment in the wake of Garcetti." On appeal, Rohrbough argues the district court erred in determining she spoke pursuant to her official duties as the Hospital's Transplant Coordinator.
III. Analysis
"We review the district court's grant of summary judgment for the [defendants] de novo, applying the same legal standard as the district court." Shero v. City of Grove, Okla., 510 F.3d 1196, 1200 (10th Cir.2007). Summary judgment is proper when "the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(2). "Furthermore, because this case involves the First Amendment, we have an obligation to make an independent examination of the whole record in order to make sure that the judgment does not constitute a forbidden intrusion on the field of free expression." Brammer-Hoelter v. Twin Peaks Charter Acad., 492 F.3d 1192, 1201 (10th Cir.2007) (quotation omitted).
B. Freedom of Speech Retaliation Claim
In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that "the First Amendment protects a public employee's right, in certain circumstances, to speak as a citizen addressing matters of public concern." 547 U.S. 410, 417 (2006). The Court recognized the inherent tension between an employee's right to free speech and the government employer's right to exercise "a significant degree of control over their employees' words and actions," and concluded "while the First Amendment invests public employees with certain rights, it does not empower them to constitutionalize the employee grievance." Id. at 418, 420 (quotation omitted).
To balance these competing interests, this court employs the inquiry set out in Pickering v. Bd. of Educ., 391 U.S. 563 (1968), and modified by Garcetti. Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1202. The Garcetti/Pickering inquiry comprises five steps:
(1) whether the speech was made pursuant to an employee's official duties; (2) whether the speech was on a matter of public concern; (3) whether the government's interests, as employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public service are sufficient to outweigh the plaintiff's free speech interests; (4) whether the protected speech was a motivating factor in the adverse employment action; and (5) whether the defendant would have reached the same employment decision in the absence of the protected conduct.
Dixon v. Kirkpatrick, 553 F.3d 1294, 1302 (10th Cir.2009).
The first three steps of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis are issues of law "to be resolved by the district court, while the last two are ordinarily for the trier of fact." Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203; see also Thomas v. City of Blanchard, 548 F.3d 1317, 1322 & 1326 (10th Cir.2008) (describing step one of the Garcetti/Pickering inquiry as a question of whether speech is constitutionally protected and therefore one of law, not fact); Hesse v. Town of Jackson, Wyo., 541 F.3d 1240, 1249 (10th Cir.2008) ("The determination of whether a public employee speaks pursuant to official duties is a matter of law."). Nevertheless, these cases review disputed facts relevant to step one of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis in the light most favorable to the non-moving party at the summary judgment stage. See, e.g., Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1204 ("[V]iewing the evidence in the light most favorable to them, Plaintiffs' speech regarding some of the matters was not made pursuant to their official duties."); Hesse, 541 F.3d at 1249 (viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the Plaintiff to conclude as a matter of law that Plaintiff's speech was made pursuant to his official employment duties); Green v. Board of County Comm'rs, 472 F.3d 794, 799 (10th Cir.2007) (same). Accordingly, this court will view any disputed facts relevant to the issue of whether Rohrbough spoke pursuant to her official duties in the light most favorable to her in making its determination under the first prong of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis.
The Garcetti Court did not have the opportunity to articulate "a comprehensive framework for defining the scope of an employee's duties," because the parties did not dispute the presence of the factor. 547 U.S. at 424. The Tenth Circuit's decisions addressing the first step of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis "have taken a broad view of the meaning of speech that is pursuant to an employee's official duties." Thomas, 548 F.3d at 1324 (quotations omitted); see also Casey v. W. Las Vegas Indep. Sch. Dist., 473 F.3d 1323, 1331 (10th Cir.2007) (referring to the first prong of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis as a "heavy barrier"). These decisions, however, have not developed a set of bright line rules to determine when an employee speaks pursuant to her official duties for the purposes of Garcetti/Pickering. Rather, in line with the Court's admonition in Garcetti that "[t]he proper inquiry was a practical one," 547 U.S. at 424, the Tenth Circuit has taken a case-by-case approach, looking both to the content of the speech, as well as the employee's chosen audience, to determine whether the speech is made pursuant to an employee's official duties.
In general, the court has focused on whether the speech activity "stemmed from and [was of] the type ․ that [the employee] was paid to do," Green, 472 F.3d at 801, and has highlighted that the ultimate question in determining whether speech falls within an employee's official duties is "whether the employee speaks as a citizen or instead as a government employee," Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203. As examples of protected government employee speech, Green listed "communicating with newspapers or ․ legislators or performing some similar activity afforded citizens." 472 F.3d at 800; see also Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 423 (listing "writing a letter to a local newspaper" and "discussing politics with a coworker" as examples of such speech). The Garcetti decision also suggested that a government employee's speech is not protected when there is "no relevant analogue to speech by citizens who are not government employees." Id. at 424.
Regarding the content of an employee's speech, the Tenth Circuit has recognized that not all speech "about the subject matter of an employee's work [is] necessarily made pursuant to the employee's official duties." BrammerHoelter, 492 F.3d at 1204. The court has also noted that speech pursuant to the employee's duty to report a particular activity is usually within that employee's official duties under Garcetti/Pickering. See, e.g., Casey, 473 F.3d at 1329 (holding that speech made pursuant to an employee's duty to report to her employer regarding the legality of the employer's operations was within the scope of her official duties).
In addition, the court has not foreclosed unauthorized speech or speech "not explicitly required as part of [an employee's] day-to-day job" from being within the scope of that employee's official duties under Garcetti/Pickering. Green, 472 F.3d at 800-01; see also Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203 (holding that speech could be considered within the scope of an employee's official duty even if "the speech concerns an unusual aspect of an employee's job that is not part of his everyday functions"). To the contrary, Green emphasized the employee's unauthorized speech at issue "inescapably invoke[d] Garcetti's admonishment that [a] government employee's First Amendment rights do 'not invest them with a right to perform their jobs however they see fit.' " 472 F.3d at 801 (quoting Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 422). In this vein, Green also noted that protecting unauthorized speech would result in " 'judicial oversight of communications between and among government employees and their superiors in the course of official business' and 'displacement of managerial discretion by judicial supervision.' " Id. (quoting Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 423).
Regarding the employee's chosen audience, or chosen method of disseminating speech, the court has similarly refrained from establishing per se rules for determining whether speech is made pursuant to an employee's official duties. For example, in Brammer-Hoelter, the speech regarding the budgeting of teacher salaries and staffing levels was not within the scope of the plaintiffs' official duties in part because the speech occurred outside the school, after hours, and with "ordinary citizens and parents." 492 F.3d at 1205. Similarly, the court has observed that speech directed at an individual or entity outside of an employee's chain of command is often outside of an employee's official duties. See, e.g., Thomas, 548 F.3d at 1325 (protecting speech based upon the employee's threat to go "outside of his usual chain of command ․ and not merely to his supervisors or to the state housing inspector"); Casey, 473 F.3d at 1332-33 (protecting speech directed to the New Mexico Attorney General because the employee had no responsibility to report to that entity regarding potential violations of the Open Meetings Act).
By contrast, speech directed at an individual or entity within a employee's chain of command is often found to be pursuant to that employee's official duties under Garcetti/Pickering. See, e.g., Casey, 473 F.3d at 1329-32 (leaving unprotected speech directed at a federal authority due to plaintiff's responsibility to independently report to that authority); Green, 472 F.3d at 800-01 (leaving unprotected speech directed at third parties regarding drug testing policies because the plaintiff "had the responsibility for communicating with clients and with third parties regarding testing."). But an employee's decision to go outside of their ordinary chain of command does not necessarily insulate their speech. Rather, as noted above, the proper focus is ultimately still whether the speech "stemmed from and [was of] the type ․ that [the employee] was paid to do," regardless of the exact role of the individual or entity to which the employee has chosen to speak. Green, 472 F.3d at 798.
In this case, Rohrbough alleges she was retaliated against because of her communications regarding the Hospital's alleged staffing crisis, the alleged instances of substandard care, and the alleged heart transplant misallocation. Rohrbough's communications with other Hospital employees regarding the alleged staffing crisis, the alleged instances of substandard care, and the alleged heart misallocation all fall squarely within the scope of her official duties under the first prong of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis.
1. The Alleged Stafing Crisis
Rohrbough's communications with other Hospital employees regarding the alleged staffing crisis were made pursuant to her official duties. Her own admissions about why she was concerned about the alleged staffing crisis, as well as other undisputed facts about her job at the Hospital, demonstrate this speech was within the scope of her official duties as Transplant Coordinator in the Hospital's Heart Transplant Unit. Rohrbough admits she had the conversations about the staffing crisis because the staffing crisis affected her ability to do her job and provide appropriate patient care. Furthermore, she directed her speech toward other hospital employees such as Karin Keller, her day-to-day supervisor, Margaret Frueh, her manager, and Dr. Lindenfeld, the director of the Transplant Unit.
Rohrbough correctly points out that a government employee's speech regarding staffing, although work-related, may fall outside the employee's official duties. See Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1204-05 (concluding that plaintiffs' speech regarding staffing levels was not made pursuant to their official duties). The speech protected by Brammer-Hoelter, however, occurred after hours in groups including ordinary citizens and parents and concerned aspects of school administration over which the plaintiffs had no supervisory responsibility and no duty to report. Id. at 1205. Unlike the plaintiffs in Brammer-Hoelter, however, Rohrbough spoke only to Hospital employees and only about matters within the scope of her duties as a nurse and Transplant Coordinator. See id . at 1204 (holding "[n]early all" of the communications at issue were unprotected because they fell within the scope of the plaintiffs' "inherent duty as teachers to ensure they had adequate materials to educate their students"). Thus, Rohrbough's complaints to her coworkers and supervisors about the Hospital's alleged staffing crisis were similarly made pursuant to her official duties under Garcetti/Pickering.
2. The Occurrence Reports
The undisputed facts also establish that Rohrbough's eleven Occurrence Reports were generated pursuant to her official duties. She wrote these reports at the behest of Susan West of the Hospital's Risk Management Unit. Furthermore, Hospital policies required that all employees, including Rohrbough, create Occurrence Reports to report unsafe conditions, errors, and near misses. Rohrbough's reporting about the conditions affecting her ability to fulfill her duties as Transplant Coordinator at the Hospital undoubtedly was an activity that "stemmed from and [was of] the type ․ that she was paid to do." Green, 472 F.3d at 801.
Rohrbough nevertheless argues the communications in these reports were not within the scope of her official duties because drafting them was not something she was "actually expected to do." Rohrbough relies on Garcetti's focus on "the duties an employee actually is expected to perform," 547 U.S. at 424-25, and notes Brammer-Hoelter expressly held that employers may not rely upon generalized grievance policies to characterize "official duties," 492 F.3d at 1204.
These arguments misconceive the thrust of the analysis in Tenth Circuit case law. First, as noted above, employee speech "not explicitly required as part of [an employee's] day-to-day job" may nevertheless fall within the scope of that employee's official duties. Green, 472 F.3d at 800-01. Indeed, BrammerHoelter, the case upon which Rohrbough relies, held that speech could be considered within the scope of an employee's official duty even if "the speech concerns an unusual aspect of an employee's job that is not part of his everyday functions." 492 F.3d at 1203. Brammer-Hoelter's statement that a generalized grievance policy does not free an employer to retaliate against any grieving employee certainly does not also mean that every grievance necessarily falls outside the scope of that employee's official duties. 492 F.3d at 1204. Rather, Brammer-Hoelter specifically held that "[n]early all" of the plaintiffs' grievances were unprotected because they were made "pursuant to their duties as teachers." Id. at 1204.
Rohrbough's Occurrence Reports were similarly made pursuant to her duties as Transplant Coordinator. Her reports documented the eleven instances of substandard care she observed while fulfilling her job responsibilities. They detailed several cases in which Rohrbough felt the Heart Transplant Unit's patients had received inadequate care following medication changes, lab results, and other medical tests. Like the teachers' complaints about the school's curriculum and pedagogy in Brammer-Hoelter, these reports were all made pursuant to Rohrbough's official duties as Transplant Coordinator within the Hospital's Heart Transplant Unit. Her assertions that her immediate supervisors did not order her to write the reports and that other nurses did not write similar reports does not change the analysis.
3. The Alleged Heart Misallocation
Finally, Rohrbough's claim that she was retaliated against for her speech regarding the alleged heart misallocation also fails as a matter of law. On appeal, she argues her communications with UNOS, the Colorado State Board of Nursing, and the Westword newspaper reporter about the alleged organ misallocation at the Hospital were all protected under the First Amendment. An examination of the record, however, reveals that Rohrbough failed to raise her communications with the Colorado State Board of Nursing and the Westword reporter in the district court. Her allegations regarding the "Heart Switch Cover up" appear in paragraphs 18-31 of her complaint. Those paragraphs state that Rohrbough initially directed her concerns to the following individuals: (1) Dr. Ronald Zolty, an attending physician in the Heart Transplant Division; (2) Dr. JoAnn Lindenfeld, the Division's director; (3) Karin Keller, Rohrbough's supervisor; (4) Nancy Ireland, a nurse within the Division; (5) Joyce Cashman, the Hospital's executive vice president; and (6) Colleen Goode, the Hospital's vice president of patient services and chief nursing officer.
Due to her continuing concerns about the situation, Rohrbough then alleges she called UNOS and spoke with a representative who was already investigating the incident. Nowhere in her complaint does she allege that she contacted any other individuals or outside entities, or that she was retaliated against for engaging in such speech. In addition, Rohrbough completely failed to raise these issues in her response to the Hospital's motion to dismiss or in her subsequent response to the Hospital's motion for summary judgment. As a consequence, this court will not consider the purported communications with the Colorado State Board of Nursing and the Westword reporter as part of the allegedly protected speech. Walker v. Mather (In re Walker), 959 F.2d 894, 896 (10th Cir.1992) (noting this circuit follows the general rule that "a federal appellate court does not consider an issue not passed upon below" (quotation omitted)).
Rohrbough's communications with other Hospital employees regarding the alleged heart misallocation and UNOS cover-up fall within the scope of her official duties. The undisputed facts demonstrate Rohrbough's responsibilities included contacting UNOS to list a patient for an organ transplant and to change a patient's status. Her internal discussions about these duties certainly "stemmed from and were the type of activities that she was paid to do." Green, 472 F.3d at 801. Indeed, Rohrbough testified that Goode, the Hospital's chief nursing officer, told her to "leave [the UNOS] problems with those within the hospital at a level above myself." Rohrbough also testified that Cashman, the Hospital's executive vice president, told her that her "only recourse was to take the problem to Dr. Lindenfeld because she was in charge and was the director of the heart transplant program." Under the undisputed facts, Rohrbough's internal discussions with Dr. Zolty, Dr. Lindenfeld, Keller, Ireland, Cashman, and Goode about the UNOS misallocation fell within the scope of her official duties under Garcetti/Pickering.
Rohrbough's additional reporting to UNOS, an outside agency that Rohrbough was nevertheless required to maintain some official contacts with, presents a closer question. This court, however, need not resolve the question of whether this additional reporting fell within the scope of Rohrbough's official duties because her claim cannot survive the fourth prong of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis. Step four looks to "whether the protected speech was a motivating factor in the adverse employment action." Dixon, 553 F.3d at 1302. Although this step is ordinarily resolved by the trier of fact, see, e.g., Brammer-Hoelter, 492 F.3d at 1203, there simply is no evidence in the record from which a trier of fact could reasonably conclude the UNOS speech was a motivating factor in Rohrbough's termination.
Rohrbough's supervisor, Margaret Frueh, testified that she had no knowledge of Rohrbough's UNOS reporting prior to terminating Rohrbough. Specifically, Frueh testified that "[a]t no time during Ms. Rohrbough's employment at the Hospital did I have knowledge of her reports to UNOS regarding the alleged 'heart-switch cover-up.' " Against the weight of this statement, Rohrbough simply argues that she has "presented enough evidence for a reasonable jury to find that her speech was indeed the motivating factor in her termination." Specifically, she contends that Frueh's credibility should be determined by a jury and that discussions regarding the "heart transplant continued through the spring and summer of 2003-just before her September 2003 performance evaluation."
The record certainly supports a conclusion that Rohrbough engaged in a number of discussions with a variety of Hospital employees about the alleged misallocation of the heart. This evidence might allow a jury to infer that Frueh knew of Rohrbough's involvement in the incident. However, there is no evidence whatsoever that Rohrbough told Frueh, or any of her other superiors, of her decision to report the incident to UNOS. Accordingly, she has failed to present sufficient evidence for a reasonable trier of fact to find that her communications with UNOS were a motivating factor in her termination.
IV. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, all of Rohrbough's claims fail as a matter of law. Her discussions with other Hospital employees about the alleged staffing crisis, the alleged incidents of sub-standard care, and the alleged heart misallocation were all within the scope of her official duties under the first prong of the Garcetti/Pickering analysis. Furthermore, her reporting of the alleged heart misallocation to UNOS cannot survive the fourth Garcetti/Pickering prong because there is no evidence this speech was a motivating factor in Rohrbough's termination. Finally, this court will not consider Rohrbough's claims based upon her communications with the Colorado State Board of Nursing and the Westword reporter because of her failure to present them below. Accordingly, the district court's grant of summary judgment for the Hospital is AFFIRMED.
MURPHY, Circuit Judge.


In the sport of cricket, a declaration occurs when a captain declares his team's innings closed and a forfeiture occurs when a captain chooses to forfeit an innings. Declaration and forfeiture are covered in Law 14 of the laws of cricket. This concept applies only to matches in which each team is scheduled to bat in two innings; Law 14 specifically does not apply in any form of limited overs cricket.
The captain of the batting side may declare an innings closed, when the ball is dead, at any time during a match. Usually this is because the captain thinks his team has already scored enough runs to win the match, though tactical declarations are sometimes used in other circumstances.
A captain considering declaration must balance the risks of declaring too early (thus setting too low a target for the opposing team) against those of declaring too late or not at all (thus causing a draw by leaving insufficient time to complete the match).
Only one innings has been voluntarily forfeited in Test cricket. This was on 18 January 2000 at Centurion, South Africa, in the fifth and final Test between South Africa and England. South Africa had already won the series, as they were 2–0 up after the first four matches. After South Africa scored 155 for 6 on the first day, rain washed out the next three days. With only one day remaining, the match was set for a certain draw.
That was until Hansie Cronje, the South African captain, entered into a deal with his English counterpart, Nasser Hussain, that South Africa would continue batting till they reached about 250 and then declare. England and then South Africa would then both forfeit an innings, leaving England approximately 250 to win (in the event the target was 249). At that time, the laws only permitted a side to forfeit its second innings, so England's first innings was treated as having been declared at 0 for 0 after 0 balls. England went on to score 251 for 8 and win by 2 wickets. Many of the South African team criticized Cronje at the time for setting too low a target.
^ a b "Law 14 of the Laws of Cricket". Lords.org. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
^ "Scorecard of the game in which Wright became the first captain to declare an innings closed". Cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
^ MCC (1980). "Law 14 – Declarations". Laws of Cricket 1980 Code. Cricinfo. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
^ "Scorecard of 2000 RSA vs ENG Centurion Match in which Cronje & Hussein forfeited innings". Aus.cricinfo.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
^ Stone, Simon (16 June 2000). "Cronje admits $100,000 in bribes". The Independent (London). Archived from the original on 1 September 2003. Retrieved 22 March 2010.


text:
Coronavirus P/emic
Who's a hero? Some states, cities still debating hazard pay
"It's a bad position for us to be in because you have your local government trying to pick winners and losers, if you would, or recipients and nonrecipients. And hence by default, you're saying importance versus not important," said Jason Levesque, the Republican mayor of Auburn, Maine, where officials have not yet decided who will receive hazard pay from the city's American Rescue Plan funds.
American Airlines cancels nearly 850 flights citing staff shortages, unfavourable weather
A spokeswoman for American, the world's largest airline, said the company had canceled 848 flights as of 3:00 p.m. EST (1900 GMT) Sunday, more than 16% of its total. That follows 548 trips canceled by American on Saturday, and 343 on Friday. Sunday's figure could change as the day goes on.
Future Retail Chairman Kishore Biyani's remuneration fell 44% to Rs 2.17 crore last fiscal
FRL's Managing Director Rakesh Biyani also saw his remuneration decline by 4.82 per cent to Rs 3.75 crore in the financial year ended March 31, 2021. His remuneration was Rs 3.94 crore in the year-ago period.
Major employers scrap plans to cut back on offices: KPMG
Many offices in London, New York and other Western cities have been empty for months after health authorities ordered staff to work from home where possible, but the roll-out of vaccines means some firms are now planning for a return.
Pandemic pushes 32 million Indians out of middle class: Pew Research
A rise of nearly 10% in domestic fuel prices this year, job losses and salary cuts have further hurt millions of households, forcing many people to seek jobs overseas.
Neglecting women to tackle Covid-19 is a losing business plan, firms told
Women have been hit hard by the pandemic's economic impact, with the International Labour Organization warning last year that COVID-19 threatened to wipe out "modest progress" on workplace in equality in recent decades.
RBI orders senior officers back to office in post Covid normalisation
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Global economy can shake off pandemic in 2021, leaders say
World Bank Chief Economist Carmen Reinhart said increasing debt distress in many of those countries meant that China, now the world's largest official creditor, would need to start restructuring the debt it is owed.
Bolivia to boost tourism with extra holidays for public sector staff
More than 500,000 people work in the public sector in the South American country of just 11 million people.
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UK unemployment rate rises to 4.9%
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text:
Scott Friel	Player Profile
Scott Friel (b. 1985)
Full Name: Scott Friel
Born: April 21st, 1985 (Glasgow)
Height: 5' 10
Position: Defender
2007-08 Super League Division One 4 (1) 0 - 0 0 80.0% 0.0% 20.0%
Oct 27th, 2007 27/10/07 League Super Division One vs. Kirk. Rob Roy (H) 6 - 2
Oct 20th, 2007 20/10/07 West of Scotland Cup 1st Round vs. Stonehouse Vlt (A) 6 - 2
Oct 6th, 2007 06/10/07 Scottish Junior Cup 1st Round vs. Scone Thistle (H) 6 - 3
Sep 29th, 2007 29/09/07 League Super Division One vs. Kilbirnie Lade (H) 3 - 2
Nov 24th, 2007 24/11/07 League Super Division One vs. Renfrew (A) 1 - 6 (sub)
Clydebank 3 - 2 Kilbirnie Ladeside
League (Super Division One)
Scott was born on this date in Glasgow.
Debut - Clydebank 3 - 2 Kilbirnie Lade
Two stunning Alan Jack goals and a Mark Hailstones thunderbolt gave the Bankies all three points in their first ever home game in the Super League. However, the scoreline tells a different story from the actual match as Kilbirnie's performance belied their bottom of the table position.
Last Appearance - Renfrew 6 - 1 Clydebank
Clydebank fans expecting three points at struggling Renfrew today were to be sorely disappointed as the players turned in a truly woeful performance resulting in the Bankies worst scoreline since returning to the Juniors.


text:
CapoVelo.com - - Vuelta a Andalucia Ruta Ciclista Del Sol 2015 Stage 3
Vuelta a Andalucia Ruta Ciclista Del Sol 2015 Stage 3
By David - In THE GREAT RACE
photo credit @ Tinkoff-Saxo
Alberto Contador claimed stage 3 of this year's Ruta del Sol in Andalusia today, after a decisive victory over Chris Froome on the day's final climb to Alto de Hazallanas.
There Spanish rider succeeded in riding clear during the final eight kilometer climb, to finish 19 seconds ahead of Froome.
"It was an important stage and I didn't want to let it go by without trying to win it," Contador said after the stage. "We have worked very hard over the winter to make sure we don't miss out on anything, although there are very good riders in this race."
Meanwhile, Romain Bardet (Ag2r La Mondiale) rounded out the podium in third spot at 1:41 back.
As a result of his second place finish, Froome moved up into the second spot in the overall classification, while Benat Intxausti (Movistar), who finished in fourth today, moved up into third position in the GC.
"I'm really happy with how it went," Froome said. "Obviously it's hard getting beaten and hard coming second to Alberto. I know for the work I've done coming in I'm really happy that I was up there today. All the hard training this winter is paying off now.
"My objective is to be really good later on in the season, building towards the Tour in the next few months," he said. "Alberto's race program is ahead of mine with the Giro set to be his first big target of the year. I'm really happy with where I'm at right now. There's a lot of headway to make but there's plenty more to come, and this is a great place for me to begin the season."
Stage 3 Results
ESP 1 CONTADOR VELASCO, Alberto (TINKOFF – SAXO) 4:19:16
GBR 2 FROOME, Christopher (SKY) + 19
FRA 3 BARDET, Romain (AG2R LA MONDIALE) + 1:41
ESP 4 INTXAUSTI ELORRIAGA, Benat (MOVISTAR) + 1:58
ESP 5 NIEVE ITURALDE, Mikel (SKY) + 2:01
NED 6 KELDERMAN, Wilco (LOTTO NL – JUMBO) + 2:05
ERI 7 KUDUS GHEBREMEDHIN, Merhawi (MTN – QHUBEKA) + 2:15
GBR 8 KENNAUGH, Peter (SKY) + 2:16
SUI 9 REICHENBACH, Sébastien (IAM CYCLING) + 2:30
ESP 10 PARDILLA BELLON, Sergio (CAJA RURAL-SEGUROS RGA) + 2:42
ESP 1 CONTADOR VELASCO, Alberto (TINKOFF – SAXO) 12:22:55
altimetria.jpg