(1) Charles Sturt University (the University) requires each student to progress through his or her course at a rate that will enable him or her to complete the course in a specified maximum time. This maximum time is intended to ensure the currency of the knowledge within the course and therefore professional suitability of graduates. Failure to complete within the specified maximum time shall lead to the expiry of a student's enrolment in the course. The University believes that all students have a right to know in advance of study in their course exactly what constitutes satisfactory progress in that course. To this end the University will specify a maximum completion time for each course, and will also provide support to students identified as being at risk of exclusion. This Policy sets out the requirements and procedures for satisfactory academic progress, for the exclusion of students who fail to progress satisfactorily and for the termination of enrolment for students who fail to complete in the maximum allowed time.
(2) This Policy applies to all study sessions that commenced from domestic session 1 in 2013. For sessions that commenced prior to domestic session 1 in 2013 please contact the Division of Student Administration for assistance in relation to academic progress matters.
(3) This Policy applies to all students of Charles Sturt University, studying in all modes, with the exception of Higher Degree by Research (HDR) candidate(s). The provisions of the Academic Progress Policy take precedence over other academic policies, except those that relate specifically to research higher degrees and except where processing of a policy-related matter would alter a student's academic progress status to make them no longer in breach of progress requirements.
(4) Students who were excluded under the previous regulations/policies must complete the requirements of their exclusion.
(5) Where students transfer from one course to another, only subjects taken as part of the new course or subjects completed in and credited from the previous course/enrolment in that course shall be taken into account when applying the Academic Progress Policy.
(6) Where students have been admitted to a course having formerly been excluded from that course or another course, only the subjects taken after the most recent admission or subjects completed in and credited from the previous course/enrolment in that course shall be taken into account when applying the Academic Progress Policy.
(7) Where students have had their appeal against exclusion upheld, their academic record prior to the appeal will be taken into account for any future determination of satisfactory academic progress within that course.
(8) Where a partner to Charles Sturt University or a location in which the University is operating has academic progress requirements in addition to or at variance with the University's Academic Progress Policy, and the University has agreed to abide by these alternative progress rules, students and staff affected by the arrangement shall be notified of the alternative requirements.
(9) International students studying on-shore are not subject to the rate of progress requirements in the Academic Progress Policy. The rate of progress of such students is monitored and managed in accordance with the provisions of the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000. Failure to comply with the rate of progress requirements of the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 may result in the cancellation of a student's visa as well as exclusion from the University.
(10) Student academic progress will be evaluated using rules relating to course progression, key subjects, workplace learning components of courses, performance in each session of study, and satisfactory completion of Bachelor Honours subjects, where applicable. The specific satisfactory progress requirements applicable to a course shall be conveyed to students in course-specific information supplied at the time of their first enrolment in the course.
(11) Students in a course must complete the course within a maximum time of twice the standard time specified to complete that course, except in those undergraduate courses that have been identified by a Faculty as having a specific completion time in accordance with professional accreditation requirements.
(12) Where a course is offered in both full-time and part-time study modes, the default maximum time allowed for that course is twice the normal part-time course duration. Where a student has re-enrolled in a course, subjects may only be carried forward (e.g. as credit) from the previous enrolment(s) with the approval of the Course Director or Course Coordinator.
(13) Postgraduate courses are exempt from the maximum time provisions of this Policy.
(14) A student shall have passed at least 50 percent of their subject points for which they have been awarded a substantive grade, in each session of enrolment in their course.
(15) International students studying on-shore are not subject to the rate of progress requirements in this Policy. The rate of progress of such students is monitored and managed in accordance with the provisions of the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000. Failure to comply with the rate of progress requirements of the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 may result in the cancellation of a student's visa as well as exclusion from the University.
(16) A student shall pass at the first attempt (where 'attempt' does not include approved withdrawal from the subject) all subjects in an add-on bachelor honours year or subjects that are part of the honours component of an integrated honours course.
(17) A student shall meet required professional standards in the compulsory workplace learning components of their course, to the satisfaction of the Executive Dean of the Faculty.
(18) A student shall pass each key subject in his or her course at no more than two attempts.
(19) A student who fails to enrol in a session in which he or she was eligible to enrol shall be contacted by the Executive Dean as required by Enrolment Policy, section 16 and asked to indicate whether or not he or she wishes to continue in the course. A student who wishes to continue in the course shall be placed on leave of absence for that session and this leave shall count towards calculation of the maximum time allowed to complete the course.
(20) A review of academic progress shall be conducted by the Division of Student Administration after the conclusion of each session. The rules for determining satisfactory academic progress shall be used to review student progress as follows.
(21) Enrolment in each course of the University shall have a specified date for completion corresponding to the maximum time allowed for that course, as described in this Policy. A student who fails to complete their course within the maximum time allowed for that course will have their enrolment terminated by the Executive Director, Division of Student Administration, in consultation with the Course Director or Course Coordinator. Periods of authorised leave of absence count towards calculation of the maximum time allowed to complete a course. Students granted credit on entry to a course shall have their maximum time discounted on a pro rata basis.
(22) If a student has his or her enrolment terminated for breaching the maximum time rule, he or she may apply immediately for re-admission. Application for admission to the same course or research program must be made on the prescribed application form and lodged with the Admissions Office, Universities Admissions Centre or Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre as appropriate by the closing date.
place the student on one or more of the queues for the course to await his or her turn for an offer of admission; or rank the student for consideration of an offer through Universities Admissions Centre or Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre or, if the course or research program is a competitive online learning course, through the Admissions Office.
(24) The delegated Faculty Officer shall also determine what credit may be granted for subjects already completed by a student, on the basis of the currency of knowledge within the subjects.
(25) At the completion of each session of their enrolment in a course, a student who has not passed at least 50 percent of their subject points for which they have been awarded a substantive grade in that session will be notified by the Executive Director, Division of Student Administration that he or she is "at risk" of exclusion from the course. An at risk student who fails to pass at least fifty percent of their subject points for which they have been awarded a substantive grade in their next session of enrolment in his or her course shall be excluded from the course. Division of Student Administration shall notify the relevant Course Director or Course Coordinator of all students excluded pursuant to this clause.
(26) A student who fails to pass at the first attempt (where 'attempt' does not include approved withdrawal from the subject) a subject in an add-on bachelor honours year or a subject that is part of the honours component of an integrated honours course, shall be excluded from the year or course. Division of Student Administration shall notify the relevant Course Director or Course Coordinator of all students excluded pursuant to this clause.
(27) Successful completion of workplace learning requirements may be specified at key points in a course and if specified, students may not progress until they have met those requirements.
has been identified as posing a risk to people in the workplace learning setting by spreading blood borne viruses or other infectious diseases.
(29) Where the continuation of workplace learning is deemed to place any person or the good reputation of the University at risk of significant harm, an officer authorised by the Executive Dean of the Faculty may fail the student immediately, not withstanding any other provision of the clauses on workplace learning. If failure is invoked by an officer authorised by the Executive Dean of Faculty prior to the end of the placement, the student shall not complete the remainder of the workplace learning program.
(30) A student will not normally be withdrawn from compulsory workplace learning on the grounds of failure to meet expected standards of professional performance/competency unless there is an identified risk to clients or the work and/or substantial efforts at remedition have not resulted in the deficiencies being addressed.
(31) A student, who is failing to meet the required professional standards of competency and/or conduct in the workplace learning components of their course, shall be notified in writing by the Faculty as soon as possible that they are at risk of failing the placement, the subject and being excluded from the course. The Faculty shall also advise the student to consult his or her supervisor and University Liaison Officer.
(32) Should a student fail a workplace learning component of his or her course, he or she shall either repeat this component of the course, the associated subject or, in exceptional circumstances, be excluded, as determined by an officer authorised by the Executive Dean of the Faculty.
(33) Students appealing against exclusion for failure of workplace learning shall be permitted to re-enrol in the subject whilst the appeal is being heard, although the appellant shall not attempt the workplace learning component until the appeal determination is resolved, with the relevant staff member responsible for administering the subject to be informed of these students by the Faculty Office.
(34) Key subjects shall be identified by Faculties as those subjects in which repeated failure by a student indicates that he or she is unlikely to master the knowledge and or skills necessary to successfully complete the course.
(35) Key subjects shall be identified in course and subject approval documentation, for approval by the relevant Faculty committee(s). Any change to this identification through course modification, review or other change process shall not be applied to students currently enrolled in the course.
normally a course would have no more than six identified key subjects, predominantly in the first and second years of study in the course.
(37) A student who fails a key subject in his or her course shall be notified by the Executive Director, Division of Student Administration that he or she is "at risk" of exclusion and that a second failure in this subject will result in the student being excluded from the course. This notification shall also advise the student of the requirement that he or she contact relevant support staff, such as the Course Director or Course Coordinator, and/or staff from the Office for Students, the Student Association and Division of Student Administration. Upon a second fail of the same key subject, a student will be excluded from his or her course. Division of Student Administration shall notify the relevant Course Director or Course Coordinator of all students with double-fails of a key subject in a course.
(38) A student, who has failed a key subject for a second time, may not re-enrol in the subject without the permission of the Course Director or Course Coordinator for his or her course, after any successful appeal.
(39) All courses shall have subjects identified as 'key subjects', unless a Faculty has made a case to the Curriculum, Learning and Teaching Committee for their absence. These subjects will be identified as key subjects in the University Handbook, the subject outline and in all course and subject documentation relating to the course.
(40) A decision regarding a student's academic progress under this Policy may be delayed until subjects graded Supplementary Examination (SX), Additional Assessment (AA), Additional Examination (AE), In Progress (IP) or Grade Pending (GP) are converted to substantive grades, or because of a late change to a grade, or where the publication of grades has been delayed, or because of administrative delay or error.
(41) Should, following one or more of the events described above, a student be identified as liable for exclusion as provided for in Section 3 and wishes to appeal against that exclusion in accordance with this Policy, the student shall have 10 working days from the date of notification of exclusion in which to lodge an appeal.
(42) Students subject to this section who fail to appeal shall be excluded immediately the Executive Dean confirms their exclusion. That is, the period of exclusion shall be deemed to have commenced from the start of the session in which exclusion is confirmed and the student's enrolment in that session shall be cancelled and any tuition fees shall be refunded or any Commonwealth Student Contribution liability shall be cancelled.
provide students with information pertaining to the preparation of an appeal.
(44) A student who is excluded in accordance with the provisions of this Policy shall not be permitted to complete any assessment tasks in any subjects that they were enrolled in at the time of the exclusion.
for failure of other grounds in Section 2 - two years.
(47) However, the Faculty may, when deciding appeals and depending upon the circumstances of the case, reduce the period of exclusion to be imposed on a student facing exclusion.
(48) For exclusion for a second or subsequent time from the same course or research program, or for exclusion from two or more courses or research programs - five years from all courses or research programs.
(49) International students studying onshore who are excluded under the rate of progress provisions of the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 will have their visa cancelled in accordance with the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 and will be excluded from the University.
(50) Students excluded from a course or research program may re-apply for admission to that course or research program. An application for admission lodged under this clause may be lodged before the period of exclusion has elapsed to meet University or other closing dates but admission, if approved, shall not be effective until the period of exclusion has elapsed. Admission is not automatic; such applicants will be considered with all other applicants.
(51) Students should provide evidence that the circumstances operating at the time of exclusion no longer apply and/or that they have taken action during the period of exclusion to improve the likelihood of success in the course or research program.
(52) Students excluded for a first time from one course or research program may apply immediately for admission to another course or research program at the University. Admission is not automatic; such applicants will be considered with all other applicants.
(53) Students should provide evidence that the circumstances contributing to their exclusion from the course or research program will not affect their performance in the new course or research program.
(54) Application for admission to the same course or research program or for admission to a different course or research program after exclusion must be made on the prescribed application form and lodged with the Admissions Office, Universities Admissions Centre or Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre as appropriate by the closing date.
validate the student as ineligible for admission if the student has not provided the evidence required in clauses 51 and 53.
(56) A student who is admitted to a course or research program after they have completed a period of exclusion, in accordance with the provisions of this Policy, and who wishes to complete any assessment tasks in a subject(s) from a previous session in which they were granted a Grade Pending (GP) shall be required to enrol in the subject and pay any associated fees.
(57) A student excluded from a course, while excluded, shall not undertake study of any subjects that may later contribute to the requirements of that course.
(58) Students whose appeal was unsuccessful, shall have their enrolment cancelled upon confirmation of the Faculty decision. Where students did not appeal, their enrolment shall be cancelled at the expiration of the timeframe in which students can lodge their appeal.
(59) Students may appeal against their exclusion under the Academic Progress Policy.
(60) Appeals shall be directed to the Faculty according to the procedures determined by the Division of Student Administration, conveyed in their notification of exclusion to the student.
(61) Appeals for academic progress shall be decided by the Executive Dean, or Deputy Dean, or Associate Dean, Academic.
(62) The Executive Dean/Associate Dean may authorise other members of the Faculty to investigate academic progress cases and provide them with recommendations for decision.
(63) Ignorance of academic policies shall not normally be sufficient grounds for upholding an appeal.
that there was a conflict of interest that contributed to the decisions that led to the student's exclusion.
(65) Note that a change of address, name or other personal detail of a student shall not be considered as grounds for appeal. It is the responsibility of students to notify Division of Student Administration of such changes as soon as they come into effect. Student appeals may also address any penalty that may apply under this policy if their appeal is not upheld.
(66) A student appealing his or her exclusion imposed under this Policy shall have 14 days from the date of notification of exclusion in which to lodge their appeal. The Executive Dean, or Deputy Dean, or Associate Dean, Academic shall then decide the appeal within 14 days of the deadline for submission.
(67) A student enrolled in the Associate Degree in Policing Practice appealing his or her exclusion imposed under this Policy shall have 14 days from the date of notification of exclusion in which to lodge their appeal. The School of Policing Studies shall then have 28 days from the appeal deadline to gather all related evidence upon which an informed decision can be made, after which the School of Policing Studies Student Exclusion Appeals Committee shall have seven days to hear the matter and provide a recommendation of the outcome to the Executive Dean. The Executive Dean shall then have seven days to review the recommendation from the School of Policing Studies Student Exclusion Appeals Committee and provide a decision to Division of Student Administration.
(69) A late appeal against exclusion shall only be heard at the discretion of the Executive Dean, or Deputy Dean, or Associate Dean, Academic. However, an appeal that is late as a result of delayed exclusion (refer to Section 4) shall be heard by the Faculty.
(70) A Faculty is not required to offer students the opportunity to be interviewed in the hearing of their appeal. Where that opportunity is given, the Faculty shall use the principles of procedural fairness in the conducting of interviews, and consult the Office of Governance and Corporate Affairs where required for advice as to how to proceed.
(71) No variation of conditions listed in Sections 5 and 6 shall be approved for a student or a group of students.


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HomeAcademicsAcademic DepartmentsInternational Political Economy and DevelopmentGraduate Program in International Political Economy and DevelopmentGraduate IPED Financial AidArrupe Fellowships
Matthew McGarry (IPED '04) was an Arrupe Fellow who, after graduation, has served with Catholic Relief Services in Zimbabwe, the Sudan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and now the West Bank, Jerusalem and Gaza. In 2011, he was awarded the Swanstrom-Baerwald award for the service of faith through the promotion of international peace and development.
Arrupe Fellowships are designed to attract into the IPED Program highly qualified applicants who have a strong interest in pursuing a career with a non-profit focused on international relief and development. To be considered for an Arrupe Fellowship an applicant must have:
At least one and preferably two years of work experience in a developing country. Preferential consideration is given to applicants who have work experience in a developing country as a volunteer with the Jesuit Volunteers International, Jesuit Refugee Services, the US Peace Corps, or other similar organizations.
Professional proficiency in French, Spanish, Arabic, or the ability to obtain professional proficiency given a summer language immersion experience. French is preferred.
Indicate in their statement of purpose their willingness to apply and, if selected, accept up to a year of post-graduate International Development Fellowship with Catholic Relief Services (CRS).
Awardees are also expected to complete our sequence of Project Management courses in Project Accounting, Project Design, Project Proposal Development and Project Assessment.
Arrupe Fellowships are awarded solely on the basis of merit without regard to citizenship or religious affiliation. These fellowships include a full tuition scholarship combined with a generous stipend. Under the IPED MA Program, Arrupe Fellows are expected to specialize in international development studies with a focus on project management. In addition to academic training, Arrupe Fellows also receive practical training. During the academic year, fellows normally work for a specific number of hours at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). During the summer after their first year of studies, fellows receive an additional stipend to cover the cost of an overseas summer field placement in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Normally summer field assignments are done in coordination with UNDP and are used to document the best practices of community-based initiatives in sustainable development.
Arrupe Fellows who are accepted by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) into their post-graduate International Development Fellows Program will gain up to an additional year of practical international experience as a program assistant in more than 80 developing countries. Building on their broader analytical training in the IPED Program, International Development fellows will be exposed to various practical aspects of project management including proposal writing, budgeting, working with donors, working with counterparts, and monitoring and evaluation, among others. Some fellows with sufficient background in finance and accounting may be asked to assist in auditing several CRS projects in various parts of the world. The combination of IPED's broader analytical training with CRS' practical training should equip a student for employment in the non-profit sector. For example, many of the International Development fellows become full-time employees of Catholic Relief Services at the conclusion of their post-graduate fellowship.
Visit Catholic Relief Services' website for additional information about their International Development Fellows Program.
To be considered for an Arrupe Fellowship, you must submit a formal application including a statement of purpose, three letters of recommendation, general aptitude scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) and transcripts of previous undergraduate and graduate course works. Foreign students must also take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). For Arrupe Fellowship applicants, one of the letters of recommendation must document your language ability in any of the following: Spanish, French, or Arabic. It must also affirm your strong cross-cultural skills. If you are a Peace Corps Volunteer, this letter of recommendation should come from your country director. If you are a Jesuit Volunteer International (JVI) this letter of recommendation should come from the director of JVI or your country director. Finally your statement of purpose must state your willingness to pursue a post-graduate International Development Fellowship with Catholic Relief Services. Applicants for Arrupe Fellowships cannot be considered for Public Service Assistantships or Global Markets Assistantships.
Additional information can be obtained by contacting the IPED office at:
Fordham |IPED
The Graduate Program in International Political Economy and Development
Dealy Hall, Room E-517
441 E. Fordham Road
The Arrupe Fellowship honors the memory of the Very Reverend Pedro Arrupe, SJ. Father Arrupe was a Spanish Jesuit who lived through the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He also led the Jesuit Order during the difficult years of adjustment and renewal following the Second Vatican Council. Father Arrupe had a deep love and concern for those suffering from injustice in the world. He was particularly concerned about the plight of refugees.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Now reading: Who does not like to enjoy a glass of Sparkling Wine ?
Who does not like to enjoy a glass of Sparkling Wine ?
We call it an umbrella wine category which includes a lot of different variations of sparkling wines. Their differences include production method, Country of Origin, Grape variety and Taste profile. Let us today introduce you to the top sparkling wines: Champagne, French and American Sparkling, Prosecco, Cava and Sekt.
Sparkling Wine: Champagne
We start with Champagne. Only sparkling wine which is produced in the Champagne region of France can be called Champagne. It must be made from Pinot Noir ( a blanc de noirs is a Champagne made predominantly from Pinot Noir grapes ), Pinot Meunier, or Chardonnay ( blanc de blanc is made from Chardonnay ), and very often is a blend of all three grape varieties. Champagne is produced by the method "Méthode Champenoise". This method is said to have been invented by a certain monk called Dom Perignon and refined by the widow Veuve Cliquot. These two names should be familiar to any Champagne enthusiast because they are still today two of the most famous houses in the Champagne. The method "Méthode Champenoise" involves adding more yeast and sugar to a base of wine, then bottling the wine for a second fermentation. During this process, the wine sits on the dying yeast and sediment that forms, called the lees, and the bottle is gradually tipped and spun so that all the lees collect in the neck of the bottle. The bottle is then flash-frozen, the lees are popped out, and the bottle is sealed again. Then the Champagne is used to be popped at weddings, or engagements, housewarmings or some other special occasions.
Due to the lengthy process of sitting on the lees, Champagne takes on richness and complexity and its signature biscuit or yeasty notes. And, while some styles of Champagne are crisp with notes of lemon, apples, and flint, fine champagnes frequently become bold with flavors of toasted brioche, roasted fruit, and toffee ones. We highly recommend to purchase value quality Champagne brands and NOT the Mass production ones such as Veuve Cliquot. Good examples of quality Champagnes are Krug, Billecart-Salmon, Ruinart Rose and Laurent Perrier Rose,.
Champagne Summary
Production method: Méthode Champenoise
Country of Origin: Champagne, France
Grape variety: Pinot Noir
Taste profile: Notes of lemon, apples, and flint
Sparkling Wine: Cava
Cava is Spain's most notable and excellent contribution to the world of Sparkling Wine. It is usually made with a few grape varietals that you probably haven't ever heard of. It is called Macabeu, Parellada, and Xarello. Some producers also use Chardonnay or Pinot grapes. Cava retail prices for the end consumer are similar to most Prosecco names but when it comes to character and production it is much more similar to Champagne. The effervescence-producing secondary fermentation happens in the bottle and not in stainless steel tanks but not in the French region and therefore the method cannot be called "Méthode champenoise" but "Méthode traditionnelle" instead. It is not a secret that cava is much more reasonably priced compared to French Champagne. The Spanish have mechanized the process of "Tirage" which stands for the rotating and tipping of the Cava bottles during the secondary fermentation. The French compared to it very often still do it by hand. The result is also that Cava is lighter in style than longer-aged Champagne brands. Cava contains balanced citrus, melon, pear including a pleasant acidity. Cava is produced in the same style as Champagne but it offers the end consumer a much better price level if one does not want to spend $ 40.00 or more for one bottle.
Cava Summary
Production method: Méthode traditionnelle
Country of Origin: Spain
Grape variety: Macabeu, Parellada, and Xarello
Taste profile: Citrus, melon, pear
American Sparkling Wines
It is not a secret that every wine-producing region produces Sparkling Wines. For example one can find a lot of American Sparkling Wines which are produced by the "Methode Traditionelle" and Chardonnay Grapes. This can be compared with a French Blanc de Blanc Sparkling Wine but other ones can be produced completely different. American sparkling wine finally starting to get the respect it has deserved for a long time. Schramsberg, under the ownership of the visionary Davies family since 1965, has been producing some of the best sparklers in America for over half a century. Oregon is coming on strong, with a good sparkling-wine culture. Gruet, in New Mexico, proves year after year that bubblesdon't have to cost a fortune. In the End of Nowhere, in Amador County, California, is a newer producer that's finding a growing audience and well-deserved success with their foot-tread. The single-vineyard Uncorked a dry sparkling Zinfandel represents in many ways the brave direction that American sparkling wine is heading.
American Sparkling Wine Summary
Production method: Methode traditionnelle
Grape variety: Chardonnay
Taste profile: Cantaloupe, white peach, and a hint of brioche and almond paste
German Sekt
Sekt is a German term for sparkling wines, which is not only produced in Germany but in Austria too. Today excellent Sekts from Germany are being imported into the U.S. and are distributed for the end consumer at Fine Wine Stores in major US wine markets. And it is the Germans who are the World's biggest consumers of Sparkling Wine, consuming more Sparkling Wine per liter than any other people. This includes not just Sekt but Champagne, Prosecco and Cava too. The majority of produced Sekt is everyday mid quality and isn't imported into the U.S. in significant quantities. You don't want that $10.00 bottle of Sekt but the Premium Sekt which is about 5% of the German Sekt production. This starts at about $20.00 Retail price per bottle. This Sekt is produced by the "Méthode traditionnelle" which is also used to make Champagne. One might not get the famous toast-and-limestone flavors of Champagne, but instead delicate biscuit and brioche accents. Some fruits of Champagne and Sekt are similar: Apple, Citrus and Pear. Sekt is produced in the following German regions: Mosel, Nahe, Pfalz, Rheinhessen and Rheingau. Each of it creates its own general flavor profile. Premium Sekt is produced with Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir. Some German also use Chardonnay grape variety. The majority of Premium Sekts are single varietals and are usually vintage dated with the produce plus the village and the vineyards. It is called "Winzersekt" which is made by a producer who has vineyards of his or her own.
German Sekt Summary
Country of Origin: Germany, Austria
Grape variety: Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
Taste profile: Apple, Citrus and Pear
SYLTBAR Sparkling Wines
So why should one drink SYLTBAR instead of all the other Sparkling Wines such as Champagne, Cava, American Sparkling, French Sparking and Sekt ?
The answer is not that SYLTBAR is the better choice but that it is your "Happy, Healthy Daily Juice" and you do not need a special occasion to enjoy it.
SYLTBAR is not a better but a different choice. Make up your own mind about the following:
The packaging of Mr and Mrs SYLTBAR is different
100% Natural production of Mr and Mrs SYLTBAR
49 calories per 6 oz glass for Mr and 63 calories per 6 oz glass for Mrs SYLTBAR ( Avg. calorie count by Glucose level )
Mr SYLTBAR 100% Glera and Mrs SYLTBAR 100% Merlot Grape variety
Mr and Mrs SYLTBAR are very low on Sulfites
Mr and Mrs SYLTBAR are Vegan too
Mr and Mrs SYLTBAR are certified by the Green Project which is superior compared to just being Organic
Ready to taste the SYLTBAR difference? Try both bottles of SYLTBAR Sparkling Wines in our SYLTBAR Tasting Couple
Shop All SYLTBAR Wines
Stay away from bottomless Mimosas


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Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction
Hitoshi Ohmuro, Takehiro Moriya, Kazunori Mano, Satoshi Miki
This paper proposes a new method for vector quantization (VQ) of LSP parameters, using moving average (MA) interframe predictions. MA predictive VQ executes the prediction using the code vectors (codebook outputs) in the previous frames. Moreover, this method has the following features, compared to autoregressive (AR) predictive coding, which executes the prediction based on the previous quantized (decoded) values: (1) even if a bit error is produced in the transmission channel, its effect to the succeeding frames remains finite; and (2) the stored codes can be decoded from any time point. This paper discusses the quantization performance and the robustness against bit errors of the MA predictive VQ, as well as the training method for the codebook. Assuming an application to low‐bit‐rate speech coding, the configuration considered has a frame length of 40 ms, with each frame composed of four subframes. A method for further improvement of the efficiency is reported. As a result of evaluation using actual speech data, bit reductions of approximately 16 percent and 23 percent are achieved for the quantization for each 20 ms and 40 ms, respectively, compared to the conventional method which does not use interframe prediction.
Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science)
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
bit error
interframe prediction
moving average
vector quantization
10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
Dive into the research topics of 'Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Vector quantization Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Speech coding Engineering & Materials Science 29%
Ohmuro, H., Moriya, T., Mano, K., & Miki, S. (1994). Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction. Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), 77(10), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction. / Ohmuro, Hitoshi; Moriya, Takehiro; Mano, Kazunori et al.
In: Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), Vol. 77, No. 10, 1994, p. 12-26.
Ohmuro, H, Moriya, T, Mano, K & Miki, S 1994, 'Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
Ohmuro H, Moriya T, Mano K, Miki S. Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction. Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science). 1994;77(10):12-26. doi: 10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
Ohmuro, Hitoshi ; Moriya, Takehiro ; Mano, Kazunori et al. / Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction. In: Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science). 1994 ; Vol. 77, No. 10. pp. 12-26.
@article{2ce4ca2f2cce44faa9b8870a37b8f7ff,
title = "Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction",
abstract = "This paper proposes a new method for vector quantization (VQ) of LSP parameters, using moving average (MA) interframe predictions. MA predictive VQ executes the prediction using the code vectors (codebook outputs) in the previous frames. Moreover, this method has the following features, compared to autoregressive (AR) predictive coding, which executes the prediction based on the previous quantized (decoded) values: (1) even if a bit error is produced in the transmission channel, its effect to the succeeding frames remains finite; and (2) the stored codes can be decoded from any time point. This paper discusses the quantization performance and the robustness against bit errors of the MA predictive VQ, as well as the training method for the codebook. Assuming an application to low‐bit‐rate speech coding, the configuration considered has a frame length of 40 ms, with each frame composed of four subframes. A method for further improvement of the efficiency is reported. As a result of evaluation using actual speech data, bit reductions of approximately 16 percent and 23 percent are achieved for the quantization for each 20 ms and 40 ms, respectively, compared to the conventional method which does not use interframe prediction.",
keywords = "LSP, bit error, interframe prediction, moving average, vector quantization",
author = "Hitoshi Ohmuro and Takehiro Moriya and Kazunori Mano and Satoshi Miki",
doi = "10.1002/ecjc.4430771002",
journal = "Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi)",
T1 - Vector quantization of LSP parameters using moving average interframe prediction
AU - Ohmuro, Hitoshi
AU - Moriya, Takehiro
AU - Mano, Kazunori
AU - Miki, Satoshi
N2 - This paper proposes a new method for vector quantization (VQ) of LSP parameters, using moving average (MA) interframe predictions. MA predictive VQ executes the prediction using the code vectors (codebook outputs) in the previous frames. Moreover, this method has the following features, compared to autoregressive (AR) predictive coding, which executes the prediction based on the previous quantized (decoded) values: (1) even if a bit error is produced in the transmission channel, its effect to the succeeding frames remains finite; and (2) the stored codes can be decoded from any time point. This paper discusses the quantization performance and the robustness against bit errors of the MA predictive VQ, as well as the training method for the codebook. Assuming an application to low‐bit‐rate speech coding, the configuration considered has a frame length of 40 ms, with each frame composed of four subframes. A method for further improvement of the efficiency is reported. As a result of evaluation using actual speech data, bit reductions of approximately 16 percent and 23 percent are achieved for the quantization for each 20 ms and 40 ms, respectively, compared to the conventional method which does not use interframe prediction.
AB - This paper proposes a new method for vector quantization (VQ) of LSP parameters, using moving average (MA) interframe predictions. MA predictive VQ executes the prediction using the code vectors (codebook outputs) in the previous frames. Moreover, this method has the following features, compared to autoregressive (AR) predictive coding, which executes the prediction based on the previous quantized (decoded) values: (1) even if a bit error is produced in the transmission channel, its effect to the succeeding frames remains finite; and (2) the stored codes can be decoded from any time point. This paper discusses the quantization performance and the robustness against bit errors of the MA predictive VQ, as well as the training method for the codebook. Assuming an application to low‐bit‐rate speech coding, the configuration considered has a frame length of 40 ms, with each frame composed of four subframes. A method for further improvement of the efficiency is reported. As a result of evaluation using actual speech data, bit reductions of approximately 16 percent and 23 percent are achieved for the quantization for each 20 ms and 40 ms, respectively, compared to the conventional method which does not use interframe prediction.
KW - LSP
KW - bit error
KW - interframe prediction
KW - moving average
KW - vector quantization
U2 - 10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
DO - 10.1002/ecjc.4430771002
JO - Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi)
JF - Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi)


text:
Captain Joseph Joel Hammond
February 27, 2018 June 24, 2019 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is part of a series of essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Indiana.
Joe Hammond and 'Britannia', a Bleriot XI-2 in New Zealand, January 1914
Joe Hammond was a pioneering aviator. Amongst his 'firsts' were: first New Zealander to gain a Royal Aero Club certificate (no. 32), pilot of the first aircraft to fly in Western Australia, and the first cross-country flight in Australia. At the time of his death he had reputedly accumulated (although unverified) about 6,000 flying hours.
Joseph Joel 'Joe' Hammond was born on 19 July 1886 at Feilding in the Manawatu district on North Island, New Zealand.[1] He attended Campbell Street School in Palmerston North and St Patrick's College, Wellington. Prior to the start of his flying career, Hammond travelled and worked intermittently in Australia, Alaska, the United States, and Europe. While in Seaford in East Sussex, Hammond met Ethelwyn Wilkinson, the daughter of a well-to-do local builder, and they were married on 19 November 1909.[2] Shortly afterwards in France Hammond began to learn to fly and qualified for Aero Club de France Certificate No. 258[3] in a Sánchez Besa biplane on 4 October 1910. He qualified for Royal Aero Club Certificate No. 32 on 22 November 1910, flying a Bristol Boxkite on Salisbury Plain. Continue reading →
Captain Charles Hereward Becker
June 3, 2017 April 28, 2019 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
The grave of Charles Hereward Becker
Captain Charlie Becker was commissioned into The East Surrey Regiment in November 1915. He served in France with the 8th and 9th (Service) Battalions, The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) in 36th Brigade, 12th Division. Wounded serving with the former in April 1917, he went back out to France but was sent home and placed on light duties after a short period with the latter. In July 1918, he arrived in the United States for duty as an instructor with the British War Mission at Camp Sherman near Chillicothe, Ohio. Just after midnight on 8/9 August 1918 he was killed in a motor accident, aged 21, and was buried in Grandview Cemetery, Chillicothe. His grave is in the southern part of the cemetery in Section 10, Lot 29, Grave 67.
A very detailed essay about the life of Charlie Becker is reproduced here with the permission of the author Doug Rowe.
Charles Hareward Becker
Serjeant Malcolm MacFarlane
April 6, 2017 July 24, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is part of a series of essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Pennsylvania.
Serjeant Malcolm MacFarlane died during the influenza pandemic while serving in Philadelphia with the British and Canadian Recruiting Mission.
He was born on 20 June 1889 at Newington in Edinburgh, the youngest of the six children of James and Janet MacFarlane.[1] The family had lived in Linlithgow, where James MacFarlane worked as a grocer and where the first five children were born, before moving to Newington sometime in the 1880s. His father found work there as a stationary steam engine driver and when Malcolm left school, he went to work as a graphical draughtsman for the well-known cartographers John Bartholomew & Son Ltd. Continue reading →
New Headstone for Company Serjeant Major George Mayer Symons
August 28, 2016 June 3, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ 1 Comment
The new gravestone for George Symons, August 2016
Warrant Officer Class 2, Company Serjeant Major, George Mayer Symons, The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), attached to the British War Mission, died during the influenza epidemic at Camp Lee, Virginia on 8 October 1918. He was buried in Poplar Grove National Cemetery near Petersburg.
Unfortunately, his grave marker was incorrectly inscribed. The error was first identified by Betsy Dinger, a Park Ranger of the National Parks Service responsible for the cemetery. In conjunction with the CWGC team in Ottawa, she obtained a new, correctly inscribed headstone and stored it pending the refurbishment of the cemetery. Continue reading →
Major Ernest Arthur St George Bedbrook
October 27, 2015 May 27, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is part of a series of essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in New York.
The Grave of Major Ernest Bedbrook
Ernest Arthur St George Bedbrook was born at Chatham Dockyard in Kent on 23 April 1879, the seventh of the 10 children of James and Matilda Bedbrook.[1] His father became 'Chief Inspector of Machinery in Her Majesty's Fleet'.
Educated at St. George's College, Wimbledon, he became a civil engineer and joined the Civil Engineering Department of the Admiralty and later London County Council; in the latter appointment he was involved in the design of Greenwich generating station. He then worked for Messrs. Rendel & Robertson, Consulting Engineers for the India Office,[2] and was European representative of the Pennsylvania-based Midvale Steel Co. Continue reading →
Private James Henry Hartley
September 11, 2015 June 3, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is one of two essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Kentucky.
The grave of Private James Henry Hartley
Private James Hartley was one of the first men to join the newly formed Machine Gun Corps in the autumn of 1915. He was one of 79 men from The King's (Liverpool Regiment) who formed the basis of 46th Company. By the end of the war a quarter—Hartley and 18 others—were dead. Continue reading →
Private Francis George Thomas
August 13, 2015 June 3, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is part of a series of essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Louisiana.
Greenwood Cemetery, New Orleans
Frank Thomas was born in 1891 at Wells Street,[1] off Gray's Inn Road, London the eldest of the two surviving children of Francis and Emma Thomas. His father was a printer's compositor, a trade that Frank was to be follow. His father died in the early part of 1900 and by 1911 his mother was working as a cook in a factory—Frank was living with her and was a printer's apprentice.[2]
After the outbreak of war, he enlisted into the British Army on 9 September 1914 at Holborn for service with 7th (Service) Battalion, The Northamptonshire Regiment.[3] He joined his new battalion at Shoreham-by-Sea in Sussex and was allocated the regimental number 14178. Private Thomas did not serve there for long—he was discovered to have flat feet and was discharged on 27 October.
Not satisfied with his first experience of military service he enlisted again, this time at Islington, and joined The London Regiment. Continue reading →
Company Sergeant Major George Mayer Symons
February 19, 2015 June 3, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
This is part of a series of essays about the First World War casualties commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Virginia.
Panoramic Photograph of Camp Lee, 1917
Company Sergeant Major Instructor George Symons was a pre-war regular soldier. In 1918 he was posted to the British War Mission in the United States, where he died at Camp Lee, Virginia on 8 October 1918 during the influenza pandemic. Continue reading →
Captain Walter Frederick Fitch MC
February 19, 2015 September 7, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ Leave a comment
The graves of Captain Angus Alexander Mackintosh of Mackintosh, younger; Major Hon. Charles Henry Lyell; and Captain Walter Frederick Fitch MC
Captain W F Fitch MC was one of two instructors serving with the British training mission who died during the influenza epidemic in 1918 and who were buried in Virginia (the other is Company Sergeant Major G M Symons). Fitch died on 1 November 1918 while serving as an instructor at Camp Lewis in Washington state. His body was transported by train across the country to Washington DC, where he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on 12 November. Continue reading →
The Military Attachés
February 18, 2015 September 7, 2017 ~ Nick Metcalfe	~ 1 Comment
The first British military attaché in Washington DC was Major General J D McLachlan DSO, who had taken up his post in September 1917.[1] He was supported by an experienced and well-connected staff. When influenza struck—no discriminator between rich and poor, or the titled and working class—he lost two of his small team within days.
Major Hon. C H Lyell and Captain A A Mackintosh of Mackintosh, yr


Red ink and Black on white vinyl stickers includes twenty-seven sizes of stickers. Red and Black U.V. ink screen printed on white 3.25 mil vinyl with permanent adhesive and a no split liner. These stickers are suited for outdoor use and should last 3-5 years with no fading. Full bleeds on all sizes are allowed at no extra charge. Images must be 1/8" away from the edge or we are not responsible for the accuracy of the cutting. Images that run off the stickers are allowed, but we will not be held responsible for the accuracy of the image placement, or cutting. Images can have borders, but they must be at least 1/8". You can order from 250-1000 stickers in this category. For more options such as different ink colors, stocks (vinyl material) or other die-cut shapes we don't display here see our Custom Color Stickers or Full Color Stickers catagories.
Gang Run Stickers? - These stickers are "ganged" up on a large master sheet to help reduce the costs. This allows us to offer set sizes that maximize our sheet and help your dollar go further. How this works is your order and several other customers are all spaced and lined up in such away as to maximize the amount of stickers that fit on a larger sheet size. This allows for us to not charge a "setup" fee of any kind. The drawback is that from time to time it can take some time for a run to "fill" the sheet so we can go to press. If you need faster turn around time or need us to make a specific deadline you may want to order more stickers (1000 or more) to move your order from a "gang run" to a custom sticker. Custom screenprinted stickers are run solo, hence the slightly higher costs, but they normally ship in 5 days or less.
Caution - Halftones, or shaded images are not recommended on screenprinted stickers. If you need that black and white photo look you need to purchase a full color digital sticker. Screen printed halftones are produced at 55LPI which is less than a black and white newspaper quality.
Want even cheaper stickers and don't mind our url on it?


More of the biggest Train videos for Kids is a fun train video for all train lovers. Music by James Coffey! This video is one your kids will love and want to watch over and over again. Song Lyrics and Free offer below!
More trains for kids Entertrainment Junction video features the world's only railroad-themed family entertainment center, EnterTRAINment Junction which offers the largest indoor train display at 25,000 square feet with more than two miles of track and 90 trains depicting every era of American railroading.
Entertrainment Junction, they're coming down the line.
Entertrainment Junction, they're running rain or shine.
Entertrainment Junction, the best that you can find.
Entertrainment Junction, we're having a good time.
Entertrainment Junction, we're having a good old time!
Here they come! Huffin' and puffin' on down the line, it's Lots and Lots of Toy Trains! Two of the greatest toy train DVDs we've ever offered. And now, through this special TV offer, you'll get two DVDs for the price of one. You'll get to see holiday trains, spooky trains, alphabet, counting, and garden railway trains. Even trains that you can ride! There's toy trains of every shape and size. Plus, little brick trains, and much, much more when you order Lots and Lots of Toy Trains! Each DVD is jam packed with lots of fun sing-a-long songs and close-up model railroad action. As a special bonus, you'll also see real live steam trains in action. This offer is not available in stores. So, get two DVDs for the price of one! Get Lots and Lots of Toy Trains!
(c) 2015 Marshall Publishing & Promotions, Inc.


text:
package com.gargoylesoftware.css.dom;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;

import com.gargoylesoftware.css.parser.LexicalUnit;
import com.gargoylesoftware.css.parser.LexicalUnit.LexicalUnitType;

/**
 * Implementation of RGBColor.
 *
 * @author Ronald Brill
 */
public class RGBColorImpl implements Serializable {
    private final String function_;

    private CSSValueImpl red_;
    private CSSValueImpl green_;
    private CSSValueImpl blue_;
    private CSSValueImpl alpha_;
    private final boolean commaSeparated_;

    /**
     * Constructor that reads the values from the given
     * chain of LexicalUnits.
     * @param function the name of the function; rgb or rgba
     * @param lu the values
     * @throws DOMException in case of error
     */
    public RGBColorImpl(final String function, final LexicalUnit lu) throws DOMException {
        if (function == null) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Color space rgb or rgba is required.");
        }
        final String functionLC = function.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
        if (!"rgb".equals(functionLC) && !"rgba".equals(functionLC)) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Color space '" + functionLC + "' not supported.");
        }
        function_ = functionLC;

        LexicalUnit next = lu;

        final boolean percentage = LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType();
        red_ = getPart(next);

        next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
        if (next == null) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " requires at least three values.");
        }

        commaSeparated_ = next.getLexicalUnitType() == LexicalUnitType.OPERATOR_COMMA;
        if (commaSeparated_) {
            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next == null) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " requires at least three values.");
            }

            if (percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE != next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
            }
            if (!percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
            }
            green_ = getPart(next);
            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next == null) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " requires at least three values.");
            }

            if (next.getLexicalUnitType() != LexicalUnitType.OPERATOR_COMMA) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " parameters must be separated by ','.");
            }

            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next == null) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + "b requires at least three values.");
            }

            if (percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE != next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
            }
            if (!percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
            }
            blue_ = getPart(next);

            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next == null) {
                return;
            }

            if (next.getLexicalUnitType() != LexicalUnitType.OPERATOR_COMMA) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " parameters must be separated by ','.");
            }
            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next == null) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Missing alpha value");
            }

            alpha_ = getPart(next);
            next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
            if (next != null) {
                throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Too many parameters for " + function_ +  " function.");
            }
            return;
        }

        if (percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE != next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
        }
        if (!percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
        }
        green_ = getPart(next);
        next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
        if (next == null) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " requires at least three values.");
        }
        if (next.getLexicalUnitType() == LexicalUnitType.OPERATOR_COMMA) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR,
                    function_ + " requires consitent separators (blank or comma).");
        }

        if (percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE != next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
        }
        if (!percentage && LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " mixing numbers and percentages.");
        }
        blue_ = getPart(next);
        next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
        if (next == null) {
            return;
        }

        if (next.getLexicalUnitType() != LexicalUnitType.OPERATOR_SLASH) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, function_ + " alpha value must be separated by '/'.");
        }
        next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
        if (next == null) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Missing alpha value.");
        }

        alpha_ = getPart(next);
        next = next.getNextLexicalUnit();
        if (next != null) {
            throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Too many parameters for " + function_ +  " function.");
        }
    }

    private static CSSValueImpl getPart(final LexicalUnit next) {
        if (LexicalUnitType.PERCENTAGE == next.getLexicalUnitType()
                || LexicalUnitType.INTEGER == next.getLexicalUnitType()
                || LexicalUnitType.REAL == next.getLexicalUnitType()) {
            return new CSSValueImpl(next, true);
        }

        throw new DOMException(DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR, "Color part has to be numeric or percentage.");
    }

    /**
     * @return the red part.
     */
    public CSSValueImpl getRed() {
        return red_;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the red part to a new value.
     * @param red the new CSSPrimitiveValue
     */
    public void setRed(final CSSValueImpl red) {
        red_ = red;
    }

    /**
     * @return the green part.
     */
    public CSSValueImpl getGreen() {
        return green_;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the green part to a new value.
     * @param green the new CSSPrimitiveValue
     */
    public void setGreen(final CSSValueImpl green) {
        green_ = green;
    }

    /**
     * @return the blue part.
     */
    public CSSValueImpl getBlue() {
        return blue_;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the blue part to a new value.
     * @param blue the new CSSPrimitiveValue
     */
    public void setBlue(final CSSValueImpl blue) {
        blue_ = blue;
    }

    /**
     * @return the alpha part.
     */
    public CSSValueImpl getAlpha() {
        return alpha_;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the alpha part to a new value.
     * @param alpha the new CSSPrimitiveValue
     */
    public void setAlpha(final CSSValueImpl alpha) {
        alpha_ = alpha;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        sb
            .append(function_)
            .append("(")
            .append(red_);
        if (commaSeparated_) {
            sb
                .append(", ")
                .append(green_)
                .append(", ")
                .append(blue_);

            if (null != alpha_) {
                sb.append(", ").append(alpha_);
            }
        }
        else {
            sb
                .append(" ")
                .append(green_)
                .append(" ")
                .append(blue_);

            if (null != alpha_) {
                sb.append(" / ").append(alpha_);
            }
        }

        sb.append(")");

        return sb.toString();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Special Series (Ongoing) /
Biological Markers of Diabetes Mellitus (Ongoing)
This Series on "Biological Markers of Diabetes Mellitus" is edited by Dr. Alexander E Berezin from Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Ukraine) and Dr. Leonardo Roever from Federal University of Uberlndia (Brazil).
Alexander E. Berezin, MD, PhD
Therapeutic Unit, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University of Zaporozhye, Zaporozhye, Ukraine;
Therapeutic Department, Private Hospital "Vita-Center", Zaporozhye, Ukraine
Dr. Alexander E. Berezin has received PhD in 1994 in the State Medical University of Zaporozhye (Ukraine). He is currently working as a Professor of Medicine at the State Medical University of Zaporozhye (Ukraine).
He is a fellow of the Ukrainian Cardiology Association; Member of the Ukrainian Heart Failure Association; Member of Heart Failure Association of the ESC; Member of European Acute Cardiovascular Care Association; Member of W.G. on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology of the ESC; Member of European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions; Member of European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, Member of W.G. on Hypertension & the Heart of the ESC.
He is current Editor-in-Chief of Biological Markers and Guided Therapy; Diabetes Research and Treatment; J Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology; Co-Editor "BBA Clinical" and "Current issues of pharmaceutical and medical science and practice". He has published more than 1000 papers in international reputed journals and authored 57 books/chapters.
His research interest includes the fundamental study of biological markers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, microvesicles, stem cells, the implementation of visualization procedures and percutaneous cardiovascular interventions, the development of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, especially in the field affected heart failure and coronary artery disease, improving knowledge in vascular biology and regenerative medicine.
Leonardo Roever, MHS, PhD
Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Dr. Roever was graduated in 2002 and he had his specialization in Unifesp in 2003. He was granted Master's Degree in 2008 and PhD in 2019 in Health Sciences from the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. Dr. Roever is currently working at the Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil.
Dr. Roever has experience in health care, with emphasis in Clinical Research acting on the following topics: evidence based medicine and practice, atherosclerosis, ectopic adipositopathy, coronary diseases, clinical epidemiology, cardiovascular prevention, hypertension, arrhythmia, diabetes and sports injuries.
Dr. Roever has published more than 200 articles on international peer-reviewed journals, including high-impact journals such as The Lancet, The Lancet Neurology and British Medical Journal. He has authored/co-authored 21 abstracts in conference proceedings, 1 international E-book, and 2 international book chapter. He works as editorial board member of 8 scientific journals and reviewer of numbers of journals.
Series outline:
Biomarkers for subtle myocardial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Periodontal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: the role of biomarkers
Polyphenol supplementations in diabetics: an impact on cardiac biomarkers
Biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction in children and adolescent
Heart failure among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: diagnostic and predictive biomarkers
Circulating non-coding RNAs: the novel biomarker of diabetes-related complications
Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells: utility in patients with diabetes mellitus
Genetic predictive risk score in diabetics
Biomarker-based predictive models in diabetics: challenging and perspectives
Coronary intervention in STEMI patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: risk stratification with biomarkers
Cardiac biomarkers in children with diabetes mellitus
Extracellular vesicles as predictors of diabetes-related clinical outcomes
Biomarkers of inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus
Biomarkers of thromboembolism in diabetics
The series "Biological Markers of Diabetes Mellitus" was commissioned by the editorial office, Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine without any sponsorship or funding. Alexander E. Berezin and Leonardo Roever are serving as the unpaid Guest Editors for the series.
Laboratory Medicine in Diabetic Kidney Disease (Ongoing)
Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes (Ongoing)
Adult Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia (Ongoing)
Pleural Effusion Analysis (Ongoing)
Iron Metabolism (Ongoing)
Laboratory Medicine in Pregnancy (Ongoing)


Bahman Ghobadi's Turtles Can Fly won theaudience prize at the 16th NATfilm festival in Denmark.
The film, which is set in an Iraqi refugee camp priorto the US led invasion, is a follow up to Ghobadi's arthouse hit A Time ForDrunken Horses.
The Critics Award went to the only documentary runningin competition, The Devil and Daniel Johnston by Jeff Feuerzeig.Lebanese film In the Battlefields was given a special mention.
The final numbers are not yet in but this year'sfestival already promises to surpass attendance records with more than 30,426tickets sold to showings of more than 150 films.
Wild Bunch will handle international sales on Bahman Ghobadi's No One Knows About Persian Cats.
Iranian Kurdish film-maker Bahman Ghobadi, whose film No One Knows About The Persian Cats opened the Un Certain Regard section of the Cannes Film Festival, has been released from an Iranian prison.


Pegasus (#106961) (-1983), sailboat wrecked at Santa Cruz Island in May 1983. The boat's owner, T. Felkay, was disoriented and suffering from shock when he was rescued. His trimaran ran aground at Prisoners' Harbor.
This page was last edited on 7 July 2015, at 07:44.


This is another quilt I had fun with. I started with a wild "lizard" fabric, then "fussy-cut" the fabric to allow me to make "kaleidoscope" dresden plates from the lizards.
Below are photos with slightly better close-ups of each of the four Lizard blocks.
This quilt was donated via Quilt Dreamers in 2005.


text:
Q: send multipart entity data from iphone I use following code to send Multipart Entity data to server and server give me 403 response everytime.
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init] autorelease];
    [request setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.britecase.com/administrator/components/com_ivmstore/ivmwebservices/vmphotos.php"]];
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
    NSString *boundary = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"---------------------------14737809831466499882746641449"];
    NSString *contentType = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",boundary];
    [request addValue:contentType forHTTPHeaderField: @"Content-Type"];

    NSMutableData *body = [NSMutableData data];
    [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\r\n--%@\r\n",boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition:form-data; name=\"files[]\"; filename=\"ipodfile.jpg\"\r\n"] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Type:application/octet-stream \r\n\r\n"] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    [body appendData:[NSData dataWithData:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image.image, 90)]];
    [body appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"\r\n--%@--\r\n",boundary] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    [request setHTTPBody:body];

    NSData *returnData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
    NSString *returnString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:returnData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    NSLog(@"%@",returnString);

I got following response each and everytime.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">

<title>403 Forbidden</title>

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access /administrator/components/com_ivmstore/ivmwebservices/vmphotos.php
on this server.

<address>Apache Server at www.britecase.com Port 80</address>

There is a successful response from our android application. Here I come to know that they are using following code for multipart Entity for browser compatible.
MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity(
                        HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
                                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dymocks - Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System by Donald A. Neumann, Elisabeth Roen Kelly, Craig Kiefer, 9780323287531, HardCover book.
With its focus on the normal and abnormal mechanical interactions between the muscles and joints of the body, Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation, 3rd Edition provides a foundation for the practice of physical rehabilitation. This comprehensive, research-based core text presents kinesiology as it relates to physical rehabilitation in a clinically relevant and accessible manner. It provides students and clinicians with the language of human movement - and acts as a bridge between basic science and clinical management. Full-color anatomic and kinesiologic illustrations clearly demonstrate the anatomy, functional movement, and biomechanical principles underlying movement; and dynamic new video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration.


Emotions are messy. You get into a routine, and you think, "I'm handling this. I'm doing okay." Then, 45 steps backward. That was today (technically yesterday, as it's 1:06 am).
I actually got to sleep at a somewhat reasonable time Tuesday night, so I woke before my alarm. Still, I can't shake this amazing sense of fatigue that comes over me each day. Sometimes in the morning, just an hour or so after I wake up. Mostly in the afternoon while transitioning from work to home.
Today was a morning day. I was overcome just as we were leaving the house. The in minyan a new face, a friend who just got up from shiva. He too is dropping off a child at school , and coming to the well-timed Beth Emeth minyan, not his regular shul, for morning Kaddish. During t'fillot I thought about my upcoming trip to Israel for 9 days. There still so much to do, and more that simply won't get done. At work I got the news of another friend whose mother-in-law died today. She lost her husband already, and had a special relationship with her mother-in-law. I'll miss the shiva because of my trip. I really just want to sit with her, and hold her hand.
I visited with a friend this afternoon. It's her mother's yahrtzeit.
My daughter doesn't want to to go. It's too soon. She's right. It is. I know by the waves of tears that returned today. But I have a conference, and the world doesn't stop because I'm in mourning. It doesn't stop just because part of my world did. No, it keeps spinning, tearing open the wound afresh. But each time the hole is a little smaller. It scabs over a little faster.
So tomorrow I'll board a plane to Israel. I expect I'll cry a lot. In the airport. On the plane. In Israel. At my cousins' home. And so many other places. But it'll be okay because it has to be.


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Get inspired to step out of your box and into a world full of potential. From the corporate world, to the arts, to working with the disenfranchised the message is clear. There is no such thing as a normal way to live your life and no one right solution to any problem. Selected from amongst over 100 interviews, the stories shared here open a window on the journeys of seven women and three men who have charted their own path, including Ruthie Davis top U.S. luxury shoe designer and the winner of the 2014 AAFA Footwear Designer of the Year award and Geir Ness whose perfume is a staple in Nordstrom, Disney World and on Disney Cruise Lines. Enjoy a glimpse behind the scenes into the unique ways these individuals chose to deal with life's challenges and how they define success in their careers."
Every so often I run across a book that by the time I'm done I just know that it's going into my "come back to this" basket. This was one of those books. All ten stories were of individuals who didn't let life stand in the way of their dreams. This is such an important message for all of us. We all have challenges and struggles and there will be times that it would be easier to give up than to keep going, but I read stories like these and I think to myself, "Hey, if these guys can do it, so can I." I know that when I'm struggling, this is a book that I will come back to time and time again to remind myself to let my drive, determination and creativity flow.


text:
Connie's dramatic exit! Plus more massive Casualty spoilers revealed!
By Elaine Reilly published 31 May 19
Calling all Casualty fans. Connie's massive in the next block of Casualty storylines! (Image credit: BBC)
Series Producer Lucy Raffety on the big storylines coming up for our favourite Casualty characters…
Curious about Iain Dean's scheduled Casualty exit, Connie Beauchamp's break from medicine or where Duffy's dementia storyline is headed?
We talked to Lucy Raffety, Casualty's Series Producer since 2017, and the mind behind some of the BBC1 medical drama's most applauded storylines, including the harrowing sexual assault of doctor Alicia Munroe and paramedic Iain Dean's battle with mental health issues.
Lucy recently announced she would be leaving Casualty but her influence on its future is set to continue for months yet.
"We film quite a way ahead so in some guise the storylines will still be mine until Christmas!" explains Lucy, who boldly gives favourite characters in-depth storylines amidst the chaos, crashes and emergencies the series is famous for.
"We've had to hold our nerve a lot with how long these stories play out for, but I'm so proud of how they turn out."
Here Lucy reveals more about what's coming soon in Casualty
Connie's explosive exit
Connie Beauchamp's turf war with Ciaran Coulson begins (Image credit: BBC)
With actor Amanda Mealing set to take a mini-break from the show, forces will conspire to end queen Connie's reign of Holby ED!
"Connie is our main story for the rest of this series," says Lucy. "Amanda gives an extraordinary portrayal of a woman desperately trying to cling onto who she is. Connie's anxiety becomes too much to bear.
"She turns to desperate measures that impede her ability to do her job. This is uncharted territory for Connie. Through everything we've chucked at her, she's always been able to rely on her brilliance as a doctor. She's fighting for survival."
Ciaran the destroyer
Rick Warden as ED inspector Ciaran Coulson. Sparks fly with Jacob, but will fists fly too? (Image credit: BBC)
A major player in Connie's downfall is newcomer Ciaran Coulson (Rick Warden), who makes his first appearance this week. Appointed by hospital CEO Henrik Hanssen to turn around the failing ED, Ciaran's ruthless in the pursuit of results.
"Ciaran's brought in over Connie's head, compounding her feelings of inadequacy and anxiety," explains Lucy. "Connie's too proud to ask for help and goes into a downward spiral. Rick's phenomenal!"
Is Duffy leaving?
Tough but loving times ahead for Charlie and Duffy? (Image credit: BBC / Alistair Heap)
Much-loved nurse Duffy Fairhead (Cathy Shipton) sadly has vascular dementia. Does this mean the end of Duffy's time on the show?
"That's the worry. There's no cure for dementia, sadly. But there's still a long way to go with this story," promises Lucy. "We're keen to portray the reality of dementia and not just wrap it up with a bow. Focus will shift to Charlie [Derek Thompson] and how he copes with the gradual decline of the love of his life. We're doing it in a way that shows Duffy's strength throughout."
Jacob's duty
Jacob has a fight on his hands to free Omo from drug dealer Jet's spell (Image credit: BBC)
Nurse Jacob Masters (Charles Venn) will reconnect with his mum Omo (Ellen Thomas), who's being duped by drug dealers and is seriously ill.
"This is all about Jacob and Omo making peace," reveals Lucy. "He always wanted to look after her but due to her schizophrenia and other issues, she's never been able to let him."
More: Read our interview with Charles Venn for more on this story
Iain leaves…
Michael Stevenson, better known on Casualty as paramedic Iain Dean, passes his medical kit on to an unknown newbie (Image credit: BBC)
But fear not, fans, the popular paramedic will return!
"Michael Stevenson is taking a break, so it's not goodbye… we hope!" teases Lucy.
"Poor Michael's exhausted. He put his heart and soul into Iain's mental health story. In a way it's good for us because we get to refresh the paramedic team. There will be a new paramedic, but we haven't cast him yet! Meanwhile Ruby's [Maddie Hill] story with stalker, Dani, gets bigger. It all goes horribly wrong…"
Also on the ward…
Connie Vs. Ciaran turns into a spectator sport for Will, Ethan and Archie (Image credit: BBC)
Archie Hudson and Will Noble… "There is no romance," says Lucy, ending speculation. "It's love-hate sibling-esque rivalry. They're far more fond of each other than they'd let on. Connie's story goes on to affect both of them very deeply."
Dylan Keogh… "There are no plans for his ex Ciara to return – at the moment," teases Lucy, who adds:
"The thing about Dylan is he's so brilliant, even when he doesn't have a story. He's integral to the whole department."
The next series…
Both Dylan and David will feature large in the next series of Casualty (Image credit: BBC)
"Ethan, David and Dylan [George Rainsford, Jason Durr and William Beck] are very big in the new series," reveals Lucy. "The theme is 'The NHS Under Pressure.' It's about our medics working in a system that's creaking at the joints."
"There's a lot more to come from Marty and Jade [Shaheen Jafargholi and Gabriella Leon] too," says Lucy. "We get to see more about Marty's family. Later on, we learn more about Jade, who grew up in foster homes."
"New porter Rosa, played by Cold Feet star Jacey Salles, challenges David in all sorts of ways!" reveals Lucy. "There's an interesting story between the two of them that goes well into the new series."
"Dylan has a story starting at the beginning of the new series," adds Lucy. "Ethan's also very big... It all kicks off! He goes on a big old journey..."
Casualty continues on BBC1 this Saturday


The integration of SkyWalking and Istio Service Mesh yields an essential open-source tool for resolving the chaos created by the proliferation of siloed, cloud-based services.
Apache SkyWalking is an open, modern performance management tool for distributed services, designed especially for microservices, cloud native and container-based (Docker, K8s, Mesos) architectures. We at Tetrate believe it is going to be an important project for understanding the performance of microservices. The recently released v6 integrates with Istio Service Mesh and focuses on metrics and tracing. It natively understands the most common language runtimes (Java, .Net, and NodeJS). With its new core code, SkyWalking v6 also supports Istio telemetry data formats, providing consistent analysis, persistence, and visualization.
SkyWalking has evolved into an Observability Analysis Platform that enables observation and monitoring of hundreds of services all at once. It promises solutions for some of the trickiest problems faced by system administrators using complex arrays of abundant services: Identifying why and where a request is slow, distinguishing normal from deviant system performance, comparing apples-to-apples metrics across apps regardless of programming language, and attaining a complete and meaningful view of performance.
Launched in China by Wu Sheng in 2015, SkyWalking started as just a distributed tracing system, like Zipkin, but with auto instrumentation from a Java agent. This enabled JVM users to see distributed traces without any change to their source code. In the last two years, it has been used for research and production by more than 50 companies. With its expanded capabilities, we expect to see it adopted more globally.
Istio has picked up a lot of steam as the framework of choice for distributed services. Based on all the interest in the Istio project, and community feedback, some SkyWalking (P)PMC members decided to integrate with Istio Service Mesh to move SkyWalking to a higher level.
So now you can use Skywalking to get metrics and understand the topology of your applications. This works not just for Java, .NET and Node using our language agents, but also for microservices running under the Istio service mesh. You can get a full topology of both kinds of applications.
It can accept different kinds and formats of telemetry data from mesh like Istio telemetry.
Its agents support various popular software technologies and frameworks like Tomcat, Spring, Kafka. The whole supported framework list is here.
It can accept data from other compliant sources like Zipkin-formatted traces reported from Zipkin, Jaeger, or OpenCensus clients.
There are two kinds of probes: * Language agents or SDKs following SkyWalking across-thread propagation formats and trace formats, run in the user's application process. * The Istio mixer adaptor, which collects telemetry from the Service Mesh.
The platform backend provides gRPC and RESTful HTTP endpoints for all SkyWalking-supported trace and metric telemetry data. For example, you can stream these metrics into an analysis system.
Storage supports multiple implementations such as ElasticSearch, H2 (alpha), MySQL, and Apache ShardingSphere for MySQL Cluster. TiDB will be supported in next release.
SkyWalking's built-in UI with a GraphQL endpoint for data allows intuitive, customizable integration.
At Tetrate, we are focused on discovery, reliability, and security of your running services. This is why we are embracing Skywalking, which makes service performance observable.
Behind this admittedly cool UI, the aggregation logic is very easy to understand, making it easy to customize SkyWalking in its Observability Analysis Language (OAL) script.
We'll post more about OAL for developers looking to customize SkyWalking, and you can read the official OAL introduction document.
Scripts are based on three core concepts: – Service represents a group of workloads that provide the same behaviours for incoming requests. You can define the service name whether you are using instrument agents or SDKs. Otherwise, SkyWalking uses the name you defined in the underlying platform, such as Istio.
Service Instance Each workload in the Service group is called an instance. Like Pods in Kubernetes, it doesn't need to be a single OS process. If you are using an instrument agent, an instance does map to one OS process.
Endpoint is a path in a certain service that handles incoming requests, such as HTTP paths or a gRPC service + method. Mesh telemetry and trace data are formatted as source objects (aka scope). These are the input for the aggregation, with the script describing how to aggregate, including input, conditions, and the resulting metric name.
Service, service instance, endpoint metrics analysis.
Consistent visualization in Service Mesh and no mesh.
Topology discovery, Service dependency analysis.
Slow services and endpoints detected.
ElasticSearch 6 as storage is supported.
H2 storage implementor is back.
Kubernetes cluster management is provided. You don't need Zookeeper to keep the backend running in cluster mode.
Totally new alarm core. Easier configuration.
MySQL will be supported in the next release.
Please: Test and Provide Feedback!
Mailing list: dev@skywalking.apache.org . Send to dev-subscribe@kywalking.apache.org to subscribe the mail list.


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Netflix's Narcos' representation of Latin America might just be the first accurate attempt on TV.
Just days after the world's most powerful drug lord's legendary escape, Netflix released the trailer for its new 10-episode original series Narcos, which will detail the rise of the original all-powerful drug lord, Pablo Escobar.
There's been a surge of interest in Escobar from Hollywood and television recently, even though it's been more than 20 years since his death. Last year, there was one Pablo Escobar film starring Benicio del Toro and another will be released in 2016 starring John Leguizamo,* while this year's Netflix's serialized version features Game of Thrones' Pedro Pascal as DEA agent Javier Peña and Wagner Moura as Escobar.
Narcos doesn't seem to avoid stereotypes entirely—the promotional art literally portrays Latin America as a huge pile of cocaine. But hopefully it takes advantage of these same stereotypes to delve deeper into where they came from.
*Correction, July 17, 2015: This post originally misstated that the film starring John Leguizamo was released last year. It was not, it will be released in 2016.


Leading the way in feminine High Street fashion, Miss Selfridge offers everything a girl would need to look up to date and in tune with the latest seasonal trends. Whether it be a glamorous embellished party dress or vintage inspired florals, Miss Selfridge is all about making you feel pretty and fashionable whatever the event. Delivering everything from jersey wardrobe staples to premium striking unique pieces for that special occasion. Miss Selfridge is perfect for the modern fashion conscious girl who loves to have fun with her style.


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For nearly 30 years Mars has been diligently pursuing a cocoa sustainability strategy. The company's goal is to secure responsible cocoa production and the future supply of the crop. Our aim is for cocoa to thrive in harmony with the environment and to the benefit of the communities involved throughout the cocoa supply chain.
FORGET penicillin, space travel and the silicon chip. Science is on the verge of its greatest discovery – chocolate that's good for you.
DNA experts are working with sweet giants Mars to create genetically modified chocolate that fights heart disease and diabetes and won't make you fat.
They've already been at it for two years. And they claim that in another five, they could unlock the secret of how to make chocolate healthy.
The scientists say the secret lies in the genetic code of the cocoa bean.
The beans contain chemicals called flavonols which lower blood pressure and help keep the heart healthy.
And the scientists believe they can change the DNA of the cocoa tree so it produces beans with far higher levels of flavonols.
They also hope to produce beans that fight diabetes, as well as making the fat in cocoa much healthier.
Dr Howard-Yana Shapiro, global director of plant science and research at Mars, said: "The idea is that this is something that wi l l become the norm – healthy fats, high levels of flavonols.
"Chocolate will become something quite different in 10, 15, 20 years, and we are on that track now.
Dr Shapiro, who is also a professor at the University of California, got £6million from Mars to fund the cocoa DNA project.
Computer giants IBM, who analyse the data, and the US Department of Agriculture are also involved.
It took two years to disentangle the cocoa tree's 420 million units of DNA.
Dr Shapiro and his team are now checking all 34,997 of the tree's genes in a bid to find the ones that will help them make healthy chocolate.
Let's hope they finish their work soon. Then they can move on to chips, crisps, curries and pies.


R U Serious!!! – This blog is designed to inspire, uplift and and motivate.
This blog is designed to inspire, uplift and and motivate.
How Do You Contribute to your Misery!!
You only get what you think you deserve!
Spring Cleaning and Decluttering Life!
Does God Still Know you?


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The retina is a very thin layer of tissue and is positioned at the back of the eye near the optic nerve. The retina receives light via light-sensitive cells called "photoreceptors", or more commonly referred to as "rods and cones". These rods and cones detect color in addition to light.
The rods are the more light-sensitive detectors of the two, however, they are unable to detect color. The cones perform this task but operate poorly in low light. The rods and cones work together to create a balance of the two. The light and color are transformed into information that is sent to the brain through the optic nerve where it is turned into recognizable images.
Macular Degeneration- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occurs when the center of the retina, called the macula, begins to deteriorate. There are several forms of macular degeneration. AMD represents by far the leading cause of blindness in Americans, affecting more than 10 million people. This disease often affects those over the age of 60.
Macular Pucker- A macular pucker occurs when scar tissue on the macula of the retina that can cause blurred vision.
Macular Hole- A macular hole small break in the center of the retina, and can also cause blurred vision.
Retinoblastoma- This is a form of retinal cancer. It is quite uncommon, but most often occurs in children. It can be treated through several different methods such as laser surgery, radiation, or temperature based therapy, depending on how advanced the cancer is.
Retinal Detachment- As the name suggests, this occurs when the retinal tissue is pulled off of the back of the eye. It can be caused by a multitude of factors such as genetics, eye injury, or recent eye surgery. It can be fixed but must be treated immediately following detachment or permanent damage may be suffered.
The best way to detect retinal disorders is through routine eye examinations. Early detection is always the best, and sometimes only, way to receive treatment before vision is lost permanently.
Contact Prairie Eye and LASIK Center today to set up an appointment.