text:
GUEST INFO Employment Contact Us
Alpine Country Club is situated on 196 gloriously verdant acres in Northern Bergen County. In 1928, at the behest of a group of civil leaders called "The Forty Millionaires", prolific golf course architect A.W. Tillinghast designed and built the 'Aldecress' course on the site that is now Alpine Country Club. The original name was derived from the three towns to which the course is connected: Alpine, Demarest and Cresskill. This course turned out to be the most challenging for Tillilnghast to build and is known as his "hidden gem". Located on the Jersey Palisades, rock formations required blasting in order to shape the course to his perfection. In 1960, the course was sold to the membership and the name was changed.
In 2005, a long-range plan to restore the design and style of Tillinghast's vision, as well as to preserve the landscape and improve turf quality, was implemented to ensure the enjoyment of generations to come. At that time, our 19th Hole Facility, now called the Golfhouse, was renovated and expanded and includes the Golfhouse Grille, top-notch Golf Pro Shop and Locker Room Facilities.
The Main Clubhouse was re-built and opened in May 2007. The Clubhouse boasts world-class amenities, including several gracious dining options -- both indoor and al fresco -- elegant, state-of-the-art locker rooms, a children's playroom, golf simulator room and a well-equipped fitness facility.
Alpine Country Club 80 Anderson Avenue, Demarest, NJ 07627 201-768-2121 [email protected]


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HF Mixing Group
HF TireTech Group
HF FoodTech Group
HF Press+LipidTech
DMA Maschinen- & Anlagenbau GmbH & Co. KG
Schwarte Processing
Hänsel Processing
Hebold Systems
New Headquarter
New Business Unit HF FoodTech Group
Who we are - get a picture
Tires & Rubber
Rendering & Biomass Technology
Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Chemicals process & mixing
Candy & Sweets processing
Food & Beverage handling
Beverage, Food, Pharmaceutical, Chemical processing
UN Global Compact
EcoVadis Certificat 2021
Archive All 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
Theme News Press Releases Trade Fairs and Exhibitions
HF FoodTech Group launches new stainless steel competence center (October 22, 2021) DMA Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH & Co. KG (DMA), Schwarte Processing and Hänsel Group GmbH, three companies that were previously part of the Possehl Mittelstandsbeteiligungen business unit, together with HF Press+LipidTech, will be merged together to form a new business unit called HF FoodTech Group.
Step inside HF`s virtual halls (June 16, 2021) The past months overwhelmed all of us by the pandemic. This forced us to re-think, re-structure and adjust our activities and communication methods in order to keep the workflow processes running.
Eyes on the future? A New Innovation leads the way on increased Capacity and Yield. (May 03, 2021) Global demand for the outputs of Animal By-Product Processing/Rendering is on an upward scale… read more
HF Ready for future challenges. (February 15, 2021) HF Group, the global machine manufacturer for the rubber, tyre and edible oil industry, has moved onto the fast track of advanced digitalisation to take on future challenges.
Reorganization within the Possehl Group (January 28, 2021) DMA Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH & Co. KG (DMA), Schwarte Processing and Hänsel Group GmbH, three companies that were previously part of the Possehl Mittelstandsbeteiligungen business unit, together with HF Press+LipidTech, will be merged together to form a new business unit called HF FoodTech Group.
We introduce ... the HF Runners! (February 03, 2020) The running group, currently consisting of Patrick Kerscher, Christel Meyer, Katharina Fromm, Rainer Schoßau, Carsten Kröger, regularly takes part in running events in and around Hamburg.
HF TireTech Group joins the ATRC Tyre & Rubber Conference (August 08, 2019) Ulrich Busch, Sales Director TBM, introduced HF`s latest innovation on TBM in his presentation "Flexibility in tire manufacturing".
Curemaster TBR: Flexible and compact (May 22, 2019) HF Tire Tech Group has introduced a revolutionary curing press, HF Curemaster TBR, for the manufacturing of truck tyres, which will set a new benchmark in truck tyre manufacturing.
HF TireTech Group wins the innovation award at TireTech Expo 2019 (May 10, 2019) Dr. Seevers in an interview at the expo with the TireTechnology International, Andy Bradley.
HF Group transfers its Extrusion Technology Business to TROESTER (April 30, 2019) Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH, Hamburg, and TROESTER GmbH & Co. KG, based in Hanover, announce that the HF Group's Extrusion Technology Business Unit was transferred to TROESTER on May 1st, 2019. Following decades of designing and manufacturing extrusion equipment and related components, the HF Group has decided to transfer its Extrusion Technology Division to TROESTER, the renowned global leader in the Extrusion industry.
Severe patent infringement in the market – HF defends their patents (January 30, 2019) HF is well known as an innovator and developer of advanced technologies for the tire manufacturing process. Since their founding, HF has introduced numerous innovative machine concepts through heavy investment in research & development and through the passion and know-how of its employees.
HF TireTech Group launches their next innovative development in the market - HF Curemaster is the new benchmark in truck tire manufacturing. (January 30, 2019) Anticipating the desires of the market, HF`s R&D department has developed a new generation of curing presses. At the upcoming TireTech Expo HF will launch a new design and machine concept for the manufacturing of truck tires.
HF TireTech Group launches its new Tire Building Machine "HF ONE" at the TireTech Expo. (April 17, 2018) Changes in the market pose new challenges for tire manufacturers in their production processes.
HF advances new tire building machine (November 30, 2017) On the one hand, the variety of tires in the market is growing, especially for tire sizes larger than 17 ", which is gaining an above average share of the market. The thus resulting primary requirement for tire manufacturing is to enable production for quick code changes and at the same time to produce smaller lots.
ECOVADIS CSR RANKING PLACES THE HF GROUP HAMBURG IN THE TOP 30% (August 07, 2017)
TireTechnology Expo 2017 (March 16, 2017)
Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau appoints recognized extrusion specialist. (January 18, 2017)
HF Group names Seevers Managing Director (June 24, 2016)
Review TireTechnology Expo, Hanover 2016 (March 07, 2016)
oils+fats 2015 in Munich/München (October 05, 2015)
HF TireTech Group and Qingdao Doublestar expand their successful cooperation (August 13, 2015)
HF focuses on energy saving and efficiency (June 23, 2015)
HF joins the Asian Tyre & Rubber Conference, Chennai, India (June 12-13, 2015) (June 23, 2015)
Machine and process efficiency is the major area of R&D (May 13, 2015)
HF tracks energy-saving tire and small-lot trends (April 13, 2015)
TireTechnology Expo 2015 - once again a great success! (February 17, 2015)
HF introduces co-operation for the chinese market (February 16, 2015)
Innovative Technology for Biomass Processing (October 14, 2014)
HF Belišće has won the "Golden Key" award for the biggest Croatian exporter to the 10 biggest exporting countries. (June 25, 2014)
Quality prevails - HF TireTech Group are expanding their production capacities (June 04, 2014)
HF Press+LipidTech – After 160 years still the pace setter in our industry. (February 17, 2014)
TireTechnology-Expo 2014: (February 17, 2014)
"Someone needs to take the lead!" (January 08, 2014)
Indian Rubber Journal (September 09, 2013)
HF at TireTechnology Expo 2013 (March 30, 2013)
Tire Technology Exhibition, Cologne 2013 (December 19, 2012)
Smart Quintuplex head for cutting edge extrusion technology (December 19, 2012)
HF Press+LipidTech delivers 12 presses to Washington (USA) - Long Version (July 13, 2012)
Innovation and service – that is us! (June 22, 2012)
The First Canola Full-Pressing Plant under Construction in Warden, WA (USA) - Short Version (May 22, 2012)
Introduction of the Tire Production Management Portal - or simply, a time-out from the grind of the trade fair in the HF lounge. (April 23, 2012)
"Our most daring expectations were surpassed" (March 08, 2012)
Building on experience (December 14, 2011)
oils+fats 2011 (October 05, 2011)
"Economical Extrusion of Technical Rubber Goods" (March 30, 2011)
Eyes on the future? A New Innovation leads the way on increased Capacity and Yield.
Eyes on the future?
A New Innovation leads the way on increased Capacity and Yield.
Global demand for the outputs of Animal By-Product Processing/Rendering is on an upward scale, so Rendering Plant stakeholders need to look at the most efficient way to meet this increased demand with the latest state-of-the-art technologies available to maximise their own possibilities and markets. Factors such as a global focus on sustainability requiring an increase in requirements for Tallow as a feedstock for Renewable Diesel, and a worldwide increase in pet ownership brought on by lockdowns/isolation around the world enabling higher production requirements of Processed Animal Protein (PAP) and Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) for pet food. As a result, many Renderers have unprecedented demand to fill and across the industry, innovative solutions need to be found.
To implement any expansion/new development currently, with the aim to ensure the greatest Return on Investment (ROI) can be realised, the starting point should be the main equipment within the Animal By-Product Rendering Process and ensuring that the optimum duty and Key Performance Indictors (KPI's) are suitable for the business plan. Given that the purpose of the Rendering process is the separation of tallow/fats from the solids, the Rendering Press would be a key element for any existing or potential Rendering Plant decision maker.
All Screw Presses are designed to mechanically separate solids and liquids. In a Rendering Application this applies to separating the tallows/fats/lipids (Liquids) from the Meat and Bone Meal/Animal Protein Meal (Solids). As the material is fed into the Press and moves along the machine, there is a reduction in volume between the screw shaft/flights and a strainer cage which causes an increase in pressure on the solids. This forces the liquids through the gaps in the strainer cage before being collected in the base of the Screw Press and transported via a collecting screw. The remaining solids are then discharged out of the end of the Press Cage.
If a Screw Press is not configured correctly, most specifically the Screw Outfit and the Cage Lining, then there is a high likelihood of tallow/fat losses within the Processed Animal Protein (PAP)/Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) since the residual tallow/fat will remain in the meal and not be recovered. Various factors around the feedstocks can affect the efficiency of the tallow/fat extraction (moisture, temperature, solids content etc.), however in general anything above 12% would be considered high within the industry.
New Direction for Increased Demand
Up until recent times, the only solution to increasing the throughput on a plant being to add extra Screw Presses – the models that have been around for the past 30-40 years were all rated at around 8-10 Metric Tonnes (17,637 to 22,046 Lbs) per Hour. However, by utilising more than 150 years of experience in mechanical engineering and screw pressing applications, and calling on the know-how from supplying over 1000 Presses across all applications, HF Press+LipidTech have developed the new SP280R Screw Press which offers the opportunity for Renderers to process up to 50% higher throughput on a single machine – creating an optimised solution from both a Capital and Operating Cost analysis, with the added benefit of a lower overall footprint.
TBN Zweckverband Tierkörperbeseitigung Nordbayern in Walsdorf, Germany recently installed a SP280R Screw Press to replace a machine they had operated since 1988 as part of an expansion and optimisation project. This machine had been a major bottleneck for their aims however with the same feedstock(s) as they have always processed, they managed to achieve the following results:
An increase in throughput of 50% of Semi-Dried Product from the Dryer
A reduction in residual fat/tallow in the Meat and Bone Meal of over 2%
With the increase in throughput and the reduction in residual tallow, their overall tallow yield has increased by over 60%
A project payback that can be measured in months rather than years
Their annual maintenance costs have decreased by 30% on average, combined with a reduced load on their maintenance team
Benefitting from the same robust design principles as the previous model, the SP280R Rendering Press is capable of pressing up to 17 Metric Tonnes (37,480 Lbs) per Hour of raw material or slaughterhouse waste, which can equate to 6.5 Metric Tonnes (14,330 Lbs) of dried semi-finished product. This is all achieved with a footprint only 50% higher than the traditional models, with the operating cost significantly lower per tonne.
In addition, to achieving the main goals of ambitious Renderers, the SP280R also offers the following features/benefits which are key to HF Press+LipidTech technical solution to Screw Presses:
Proven Screw Pressing Technology from the SP Series for processing dried semi-finished product – Feedstocks into Rendering Plants can be very variable with differing compositions of moisture, solids, bone mix and fibre, however with over 1000 Screw Presses in operation across numerous processes across the multitude of SP Screw Press Models available across different industries, as part of the same family the SP280R will benefit from this vast experience of feedstocks no matter what the composition. With numerous different screw configurations available, a Renderers Tallow/Fat yield can be maximised with any Animal By-Product mix.
Simple design for easy operation – With plant operability at the forefront of the thinking, all the Pressing Components are fixed around a single, rotating shaft reducing the risk of failures and breakages.
Special self-centring, free floating shaft – Uniquely designed to cope with the demands of variable feedstocks, the SP280R benefits from the flexibility to centre itself during operation.
Optimum access for Maintenance/Inspection – Knowing the intricacies of what is happening within their operation is the goal for any ambitious Renderer. With 360° Access Points for Inspection and Maintenance both in operation and shut-down, the SP280R allows Maintenance Schedules to be adhered to and planned correctly.
Advanced hard facing technology – Every hour and day that a Screw Press is in operation is contributing to a Renderers profitability and reputation, so as with all SP Series Presses the SP280R comes fitted with wear parts that are up to 100% hard faced extending the production time available between planned maintenance to industry leading levels.
Unique mechanical design to connect to the drive system – The SP280R comes equipped with a special shear pin and safety coupling arrangement to protect the integrity of both the shaft and drive.
Latest developments in High-Efficiency Drives – With Electrical costs globally continually fluctuating, Renderers would benefit from the power efficiency offered by the proven belt-driven, frequency inverter compatible drive system provided with the SP280R resulting in lower operating costs per tonne of production.
Inline Monitoring of the Screw Press – Automation is proving ever beneficial to plant operators and allows efficient data collection and trends to be analysed, all of which can assist with preventative maintenance planning and process optimisation. The SP280R allows for a series of parameters and measurements to be taken while the Press is operation, in addition to several safety points to prevent harm to personnel.
Hydraulic Foots Shearing Device – With the aim of protecting the downstream equipment, the SP280R can also be supplied with a Hydraulicly operated Foots Shearing Device to break away any large fragments of Greaves/Cake before they pass over to the Fat Filtrators.
Be Proactive, Be Preventative
The old saying 'If you don't schedule your maintenance, it will schedule it for you' doesn't ring truer than in many more industries that the Rendering Industry. With the high solid content in most feedstocks, what starts as a small amount of wear can soon escalate into an inefficient, or even worse, unusable Screw Press. Therefore, it is important to have a robust, regular inspection schedule backed up by a reliable supply chain to keep a Renderers production ability up with their demand.
Given the rise in demand is forecast to increase year on year for the foreseeable future, forward thinking Renderers need to be considering all options about how they are going to stay at the forefront of their customers minds. Those who have the flexibility to take on extra collections or deliveries, while still maintaining or exceeding their market standards, will only have an ever-growing reputation.
Robert Schuster, Operations and Technical Manager of TBN Zweckverband Tierkörperbesichtung Nordbayern states:- 'The SP280R has helped us increase our yield and profitability, alongside the durability that we require from our machines to keep up with our demand. It has been instrumental in helping us stay one step ahead of the competition.
By combining the forward thinking, development mindset that is part of HF Press+LipidTech's fabric with the best-in-class engineering know-how, the SP280R Screw Press continues to be a valued and key component for ambitious Renderers.
Tire industry
Edible oil industry
Rendering & special applications for dewatering
© 2022 Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH Imprint	Privacy policy	Cookies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


131 user. NAME is the template len which might conatin enbedded Nuls.
132 NAMELEN is its actual length.
174 * Make an output filename for the inputfile INAME.
176 * Mode 0 = use ".gpg"
177 * 1 = use ".asc"
178 * 2 = use ".sig"
210 * larger than 3 characters and not the same as.
283 * Try to open a file without the extension ".sig" or ".asc"
284 * Return NULL if such a file is not available.
318 * Copy the option file skeleton to the given directory.
389 log_info (_("WARNING: options in `%s'"
403 * arbitrary directories when a non-default homedirectory is used.
405 * the default homedir does start with a tilde.


text:
Tag: Cradle Grid System
A Brief History of the Gun Safe & How an Industry Lost Touch
Posted on November 29, 2017 April 24, 2021 by Tom Kubiniec
What's in this article
Gun safes: from 1850s till now
How venture capitol killed quality in lieu of profits
Why security and fire ratings are no longer valid
Gun Safes are not secure against modern threats
Modern gun safe ratings are vastly overstate
In the past 10 years we have seen wall street investment firms move into the gun safe business. Liberty Safe in owned by an investment firm. in 2018 Canon safe company purchased the larger Stack-on company. This was funded by Wall Street investment money. When gun sales surged in the Obama years, Wall street looked at the safe industry as a growth opportunity. The result is these poplar safe companies are no longer working to make the best product possible for their customers. They are all working to maximize shareholder value. The result is make the cheapest safe you can and sell it for as much as possible.
SHOT Show Presentation
Tom takes you through a detailed look at the gun safe industry and how it failed.
Gun Safe History
The gun safe industry is as American as apple pie and the wild west. Built on thick heavy US steel, glossy paint, and fancy pinstriping. Unfortunately, this industry has lost its heritage. Gone are the days of real American gun safes and the men who built them, the achievers, the men whose word was their bond. The American "modern gun safe" industry is now run by wall street, spreadsheets and analysis reports. This is a brief history and an unfortunate story.
Early Safes
Safes in one form or another have been around since the days of Julius Caesar. The first safes were used centuries ago in many cultures and nations. Egyptian vaults and treasure temples are one example. The Greeks stored a variety of valuables in safes made from bronze. Leaders in the ancient Roman empire created iron and wooden chests to store valuables.
As time went on, safes became increasingly complicated. They were not practical and were frequently cumbersome and difficult to operate. The first safes with swinging doors were manufactured in the 1700s in England.
It wasn't until 1835 Charles Chubb, an English locksmith patented the first burglar-proof safe. He established a large safe-factory in London. He died in 1845 and was succeeded in the business by his son John. John Chubb patented various improvements in the products and grew the company significantly. Today known as Chubb Locks.
In the US, as any history buff of the mid-1800s and the turn of the century knows, safes have played an important role. Gold was king in the development of business, commerce, and outlaw gangs. But the history of safes extends far beyond Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
"Iron chests" as they were called then, were designed to protect against burglars. They were not fit to protect against fires or other natural disasters.
In the 1820s, Jesse Delano started manufacturing safes in New York City. He created a new way of producing fireproof safes. He coated the wood foundation with a clay and lime, to render it incombustible. It was then lined with thick steel. Jesse is credited with the first US Patent for a fireproof safe design.
The First Gun Safes
The modern gun safe has its roots in the 1850s designs of Silas Herring. He used thick outer steel, plaster, and thin inner steel to create a fireproof gun storage safe. His basic design is still used in fire safes today. Some of the materials and filler have improved to meet modern demands. But for the ultimate in fire protection double walled steel filled with plaster or cement, is still king.
Modern gun safes, unfortunately, no longer use this construction method. Gun safe manufacturers split from the rest of the safe industry in the 1980s.
Are Gun Safes No Longer Fireproof?
Gun safes of today are not built to Herring's 1850 standards. To reduce costs and speed production, gun safe manufacturers have cut corners in a massive way.
Gun Safe Designs
In the 1970s gun, safe manufacturers dropped the Silas Herring design. They eliminated the thick outer steel; they eliminated the concrete or plaster filler. The thin inner steel became the outside of the safe. They then lined it with drywall and covered that with carpet. They claim the drywall is for fire protection. I believe it was to add weight back into the safes. There is a perception that a heavy safe is a secure safe. Weight has nothing to do with fire protection or security.
Original Silas Herring fire safe design Modern RSC design
We all believe that these modern safes are fireproof. However, per U.L. Laboratories Standard 72, they are not fireproof. Technically, they are not even considered to be true safes.
This move to cheaper materials and designs happened slowly and almost secretly. When the move was made to a single wall, the industry did something a bit sneaky. They no longer met the UL standard for a gun safe. They went to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and created a new classification. These new cheaper cabinets are classed: RSC – "Residential Security Container". Notice the classification does not use the word "safe". UL would not allow the word safe in the classification. Because the RSC containers do not meet the minimum performance standard to be called a safe.
In all fairness, there are still some "real" gun safes made in America. Amsec makes a few U.L. Class TL-30 gun safes and there are some very well made custom safes available.
Fireproof? No
As technology advances, you would think that gun safe fire ratings would improve. Just the opposite has happened. The industry has completely moved away from fireproof gun safe production. The U.L. RSC classification has nothing to do with fire ratings. There is no fire component to the RSC rating. A sticker on the door that says "Fire Certified" or "Fire Tested" really means nothing. Unless it says "UL-Class 72 350-X", it is not a certified fireproof safe. The fire rating and tests are created and conducted by the manufacturers. They basically create a test that they can pass then put a sticker on the door that says certified fire resistant.
See "Your gun safe is NOT fireproof! Just ask any fire chief".
Gun Safe Interiors
Early gun safes were designed for basic Winchesters. Rifles of the day were simple compact with iron sights. There have been many changes since then. In recent years, we have seen great advances in rifle, shotgun, and optics technology. The modern sporting rifle (AR15) is the top-selling rifle in America. These new firearms do not fit into the old gun safe interior designs. The industry has had many years to adapt, but they haven't.
The gun safe industry has not changed interior design one bit. Why are they so slow and hesitant to adapt?
Military style storage
In 2016 SecureIt introduced CradleGrid to the US consumer market. CradleGrid technology was developed under contract with US army special forces. It is a simple system by which US military forces store and organize weapons and associated gear.
US Military Force Modernization
In the late 1990's, the military replaced the traditional battle rifle with the modular M4 and incorporated optics and electronics. While the result was a superior fighting force, there were still problems. Gun racks and storage systems were designed for basic M14s and M16s and the new weapons and gear would not properly fit.
Basic M16 rifle replaced by M4 weapon system
SOCOM M4 with SOPMOD Block 1 & 2
The Gulf Wars created a rapid advancement in weapon technology. Things were changing so fast storage designs could not keep up. The armory storage problems came to a head when several Special Forces armories failed basic inspections. Army Special Forces Command (USASFC) put out a solicitation for an arms room assessment program. SecureIt won the contract. They spent the next 18 months working with Special Forces units and command. The task was to identify problems and make recommendations. The result was CradleGrid Technology. A simple easy to use and understand weapon storage platform. CradleGrid had just one moving part. It can store all weapons in a military armory and provides proper storage for precision rifles with optics. Introduced in 2008 CradleGrid has completely changed the way the military thinks about weapon storage.
The consumer hunting and sports shooting market has gone through similar changes. There has been a broad move to MSR style modular firearms. The basic shape of the rifle has changed. The introduction of affordable quality optics has further complicated storage. Even traditional rifles and shotguns now have scopes or red dots. Will the gun safe industry adapt to these changes? No. It does not look like they have anything in development.
The future of firearms storage has to accommodate the changes in rifle format and optics. The gun safe industry continues to build what they want to build and repeatedly ignore the needs of their customers.
Through the introduction of CradleGrid Technology, SecureIt revolutionized military armories and is doing the same for home firearm storage. With SecureIt now in the leadership position for firearm storage, will the traditional gun safe industry be able to catch up?
Military Gun Cabinets (10)
Gun Wall / Gun Room Kits (9)
Answer™ Lightweight Gun Safes (9)
Agile™ Ultralight Gun Safes (13)
Learn more - Gun Safes and storage
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Announces Partnership with Video Game Streamer ThePoolShark
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, has launched a new partnership with popular video game streamer ThePoolShark. Erik
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Expands Product Lines, Offering New Ways to Display Guns and Defend Your Home
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, has expanded its product offering with twelve new additions to their ecommerce
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Launches New Partnership with Precision Rifle Network
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, has announced a new partnership with Precision Rifle Network (PRN). "We are
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Launches New Partnership with A+R Tactics
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, has announced a new partnership with firearms and self-defense training facility A+R
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Launches New Partnership with VULCAN
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, has announced a new partnership with VULCAN. A firearm accessory brand, VULCAN
SecureIt Tactical Inc. Welcomes Jeff Couto as Vice President of Marketing and Analytics
Syracuse, NY – SecureIt Tactical Inc., the global leader in military weapons storage and armory design, and the only company to build a gun storage system that meets the rigorous standards of the U.S. military for the consumer firearm market, is excited to announce Jeff Couto has joined the company as Vice
Posted in Gun Safes and Cabinets, FeaturedTagged Cradle Grid System, Gun Cabinet, Gun Safe3 Comments on A Brief History of the Gun Safe & How an Industry Lost Touch
Gun Safes: Fast Box sales are growing quickly
Posted on October 6, 2016 April 24, 2021 by Tom Kubiniec
The SecureIt Fast Box hidden gun safe is quickly becoming the top selling small gun safe in America. The unique and flexible hidden gun safe provides secure storage for up to 2 rifles, handguns and some ammo. "We are really pleased with the accelerating sales of the FAST Box line" stated Tom Kubiniec, SecureIt founder and president. "People are just getting it. We applied our military storage principals to designing the small gun safe and the results were just great. It's strong, simple and adaptable to a wide variety of situations and it's very affordable."
The Fast Box gun safe is unique in its ability to provide fast access and secure storage in multiple locations throughout a home. It can be mounted under a bed, vertically in a closet, bolted together locker style or mounted in a car or truck. The programmable 4 button lock is designed to be used by touch to provide fast access even in total darkness. A key override is also included.
Available is two sizes; 40" and 47" the smaller safe is used primarily by government security groups and law enforcement for in vehicle secure out of site storage. The Model 47 is the primary consumer product. All Fast Box gun safes are 13 deep and 6 1/5" high. This provides enough storage for an AR platform rifle with optic and magazine installed as well as a handgun and ammunition.
Kubiniec: "If every gun in America was properly secured and locked out of sight, we could eliminate many tragedies. The problem has always been that secure gun storage blocks fast access. Many Americans have their firearms secured in a gun safe only to leave one or two out, under a bed or in a closet so they can get them quickly if needed. They are opposing forces, Secure gun storage and quick access when needed. The SecureIt Fast Box effectively addresses these opposing forces and provides the location and storage flexibility to effectively work anywhere in a home, office or vehicle."
Posted in UncategorizedTagged Cradle Grid System, Weapon Storage, Hidden Gun Safe, FAST BoxLeave a Comment on Gun Safes: Fast Box sales are growing quickly


Michael Henry Morrisey was also known as Harry in records. He was born on 6 November 1913.
Michael Henry Morrisey married Mavis Marie Hoey, daughter of Eugene James Hoey and Martha Robertson, in 1936 in Victoria .
Michael Henry Morrisey lived at Chelsea , 1982.
Michael died on 3 September 1987 in the Peter McCallum Clinic, Melbourne , aged 73. Widow of Yarram, died 6 Aug. Death notice in "The Sun" undated from Mum: Morrissey, Michael Henry (Harry) on Sep 3 1987 at Peter MacCallum Hospital. Son of James & Susan, husband of Mavis, father of Lorraine, Dawn Kevin, Maureen, Colleen and Sharon. Father-in-law of Carl, Les, Jill, Greg, Herbie and Geoff. Poppa of Doug & Michelle, Chris, Michael Shane, Peter, John, Susan (in heaven), Kevin, Matthew, Maria, Paul, Tim, Glenn, (space) Patrick, David, Lisa, Anthea, Belinda, Kristie, Grant and Bradley. Gt-grandfather of Daniel & Cameron. Aged 73.
Margaret MacCulloch was born in 1871 in Carisbrook, Victoria . She was the daughter of Joseph MacCulloch and Jane MacPherson.
Margaret MacCulloch married Albert John Glazner in 1899 in Victoria .
Margaret MacCulloch was mentioned in the will of Joseph MacCulloch dated 23 April 1915.
Margaret died on 18 February 1942 in Ballarat, Victoria .


text:
#include "pagespeed/kernel/base/function.h"

#include "test/pagespeed/kernel/base/gtest.h"

namespace {

const char kCharData = 'x';
const int kIntData = 42;
const double kDoubleData = 5.5;
const bool kBoolData = true;

}  // namespace

namespace net_instaweb {

class FunctionTest : public testing::Test {
 public:
  FunctionTest() { Clear(); }

  void Clear() {
    char_ = '\0';
    int_ = 0;
    double_ = 0.0;
    bool_ = false;
    was_run_ = false;
    was_cancelled_ = false;
  }

  void Run0() { was_run_ = true; }

  void Run1(char c) {
    char_ = c;
    was_run_ = true;
  }

  void Run2(char c, int i) {
    char_ = c;
    int_ = i;
    was_run_ = true;
  }

  void Run3(char c, int i, double d) {
    char_ = c;
    int_ = i;
    double_ = d;
    was_run_ = true;
  }

  void Run4(char c, int i, double d, bool b) {
    char_ = c;
    int_ = i;
    double_ = d;
    bool_ = b;
    was_run_ = true;
  }

  void Cancel0() { was_cancelled_ = true; }

  void Cancel1(char c) { was_cancelled_ = true; }

  void Cancel2(char c, int i) { was_cancelled_ = true; }

  void Cancel3(char c, int i, double d) { was_cancelled_ = true; }

  void Cancel4(char c, int i, double d, bool b) { was_cancelled_ = true; }

  bool Matches(char c, int i, double d, bool b) const {
    return ((c == char_) && (i == int_) && (d == double_) && (b == bool_));
  }

 protected:
  char char_;
  int int_;
  double double_;
  bool bool_;
  bool was_run_;
  bool was_cancelled_;
};

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run0NoCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  Function* f = MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run0);
  f->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run0NoCancelNoAutoDelete) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  Function* f = MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run0);
  f->set_delete_after_callback(false);
  f->CallRun();
  delete f;
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run0WithCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run0, &FunctionTest::Cancel0)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));

  Clear();
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run0, &FunctionTest::Cancel0)
      ->CallCancel();
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run1NoCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run1, kCharData)->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run1WithCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run1, &FunctionTest::Cancel1,
               kCharData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, 0, 0.0, false));

  Clear();
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run1, &FunctionTest::Cancel1,
               kCharData)
      ->CallCancel();
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run2NoCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run2, kCharData, kIntData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run2WithCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run2, &FunctionTest::Cancel2,
               kCharData, kIntData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, 0.0, false));

  Clear();
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run2, &FunctionTest::Cancel2,
               kCharData, kIntData)
      ->CallCancel();
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run3NoCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run3, kCharData, kIntData,
               kDoubleData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run3WithCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run3, &FunctionTest::Cancel3,
               kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, false));

  Clear();
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run3, &FunctionTest::Cancel3,
               kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData)
      ->CallCancel();
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run4NoCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run4, kCharData, kIntData,
               kDoubleData, kBoolData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, kBoolData));
}

TEST_F(FunctionTest, Run4WithCancel) {
  FunctionTest* function_test = this;
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run4, &FunctionTest::Cancel4,
               kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, kBoolData)
      ->CallRun();
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, kBoolData));

  Clear();
  MakeFunction(function_test, &FunctionTest::Run4, &FunctionTest::Cancel4,
               kCharData, kIntData, kDoubleData, kBoolData)
      ->CallCancel();
  EXPECT_FALSE(was_run_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(was_cancelled_);
  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches('\0', 0, 0.0, false));
}

}  // namespace net_instaweb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Abstract: Pharmacologic management of infections in elderly patients presents multiple challenges to health care professionals due to variable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immune function. Age is a well-established risk factor for infection, but furthermore is a risk factor for prolonged length of hospital stay, increased incidence of complications, and significant and sustained decline in baseline functional status. In 2014, 46.2 million Americans were aged ≥65 years, accounting for 14.5% of the total population. By 2033, for the first time, the population of persons aged ≥65 years is projected to outnumber the people <18 years of age. According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 154 million prescriptions for antimicrobials were estimated to have been written in doctors' offices and emergency departments during a 1-year time period. In 2014, 266.1 million courses of antimicrobials were dispensed to outpatients by US community pharmacies. A study that evaluated 2007–2009 Medicare Part D data found that patients aged ≥65 years used more antimicrobials, at 1.10 per person per year, compared to 0.88 antimicrobials used per person per year in patients aged 0–64 years. With the abundance of antimicrobial prescriptions and the current growth in the number and proportion of older adults in the US, it is essential that health care providers understand appropriate antimicrobial pharmacotherapy in the elderly patient. This review focuses on the use and implications of antimicrobial agents in the elderly population.


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A footballing priest from Burkina Faso has been sent off in a church tournament for throwing his shirt at the referee in Italy.
The incident happened in the Clericus Cup over the weekend with the actions of the priest leading to Paul the Apostle's College being eliminated.
Italian sports officials had expressed hopes that the tournament held at the Vatican City will help restore a positive image of football in Italy, which has been marred by recent violence.
The Clericus Cup is an international football tournament including Catholic priests and seminarians.
There are 16 teams made up of the various catholic colleges and church congregations in Vatican City.
There is also a team made up of the Pope's bodyguards, the Swiss guards.


text:
Q: Search box sends input to a iframe url on a new page I want to have a search box where a person types in a number and the form opens a new page where there is an iframe and the url of the iframe is http://othersite.com/results.php?id=numbersinputfromsearchbox
Is this possible? I am using wordpress with php/mysql/apache/linux if that helps you to answer me. Thanks!!

A: <form action="http://othersite.com/results.php?id=numbersblahblah" method="post" target="_blank">
    <!-- form fields here -->
    <input type="submit" value="Search" />
</form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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We tested the mean reversion property of 46 agricultural commodities of India covering the period 2000:M1-2013:M1. In doing so, we used two batteries of time series tests. One battery of test is associated with testing of the null hypothesis of a unit root whereas; second battery of test is associated with testing of the null hypothesis of stationarity. We find the robust evidence of stationarity for Betelnut/Arecanut, Black Pepper, Cardamom, Cummin, Garlic, Ginger (Fresh), Guava, Poultry chicken and Turmeric. This indicates that any policy to influence the prices of these commodities will not have a permanent impact as they have a tendency to revert to the mean. Thus, we recommend to the Policymakers/Government to review the commodity futures ban for these commodities. However, if Government/Policymakers wish to control the food prices, they need to make policies which influence the prices of the commodities exhibiting the unit root behaviour. And any policy shock to these commodities will have the permanent impact and therefore, the Government/Policymaker can consider for commodity futures ban.


text:
Q: Why does this C program compile without an error? I'm a beginner in C, and I was playing with C. I typed a C code like this:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("hello world\n");
    \
    return 0;
}

Even though I used \ knowingly, the C compiler doesn't throw any error. What is this symbol used for in the C language?
Edit:
Even this works:
"\n";

A: The \, when immediately followed by a newline, is consumed by preprocessing and causes the next "physical" line to be joined to the current logical line. This is very important for writing long preprocessing directives, which have to be all on one logical line:
#define SHORT very log macro \
   consisting of lots and \
   lots of preprocessor \
   tokens

If you remove the backslash-newline sequences, it is no longer correct.  Some other languages from the Unix culture have a similar backslash line continuation syntax: the POSIX shell language derived from the Bourne shell, and also makefiles.
$ this is \
one shell command

About "\n";, that is a primary expression used to form an expression-statement. In C, expressions can be used as statements, and this is exploited all the time. Your printf call, for instance, is an expression statement. printf("hello world\n") is a postfix expression which calls a function, obtaining a return value.  Because you used this expression as a statement, the return value is thrown away. The return value of printf
indicates how many characters were printed, or whether it was successful at all, so by throwing it away, your program makes itself oblivious to whether the printf call actually worked.
Since the value of an expression-statement is discarded, if such a statement also has no side effects, it is a useless statement which does nothing (like your "\n"). But such useless expression statements are not erroneous. If you add warning options to your compiler command line you might get a warning such as "statement with no effect" or something like that.

A: The sequence backslash-newline is removed from the code in a very early phase (phase 2) of the translation process.  It used to be how you created long string literals before there was string concatenation, and is how you still extend macros over multiple lines.
See §5.1.1.2 Translation Phases of the C99 standard:

The precedence among the syntax rules of translation is specified by the following
  phases.5)

*

*Physical source file multibyte characters are mapped, in an implementation defined
  manner, to the source character set (introducing new-line characters for
  end-of-line indicators) if necessary. Trigraph sequences are replaced by
  corresponding single-character internal representations.

*Each instance of a backslash character (\) immediately followed by a new-line
  character is deleted, splicing physical source lines to form logical source lines.
  Only the last backslash on any physical source line shall be eligible for being part
  of such a splice. A source file that is not empty shall end in a new-line character,
  which shall not be immediately preceded by a backslash character before any such
  splicing takes place.

*The source file is decomposed into preprocessing tokens6) and sequences of
  white-space characters (including comments). A source file shall not end in a
  partial preprocessing token or in a partial comment. Each comment is replaced by
  one space character. New-line characters are retained. Whether each nonempty
  sequence of white-space characters other than new-line is retained or replaced by
  one space character is implementation-defined.

*Preprocessing directives are executed, macro invocations are expanded, and
  _Pragma unary operator expressions are executed. If a character sequence that
  matches the syntax of a universal character name is produced by token
  concatenation (6.10.3.3), the behavior is undefined. A #include preprocessing
  directive causes the named header or source file to be processed from phase 1
  through phase 4, recursively. All preprocessing directives are then deleted.

*Each source character set member and escape sequence in character constants and
  string literals is converted to the corresponding member of the execution character
  set; if there is no corresponding member, it is converted to an implementation defined
  member other than the null (wide) character.7)

*Adjacent string literal tokens are concatenated.

*White-space characters separating tokens are no longer significant. Each
  preprocessing token is converted into a token. The resulting tokens are
  syntactically and semantically analyzed and translated as a translation unit.

*All external object and function references are resolved. Library components are
  linked to satisfy external references to functions and objects not defined in the
  current translation. All such translator output is collected into a program image
  which contains information needed for execution in its execution environment.

  5) Implementations shall behave as if these separate phases occur, even though many are typically folded together in practice.
6) As described in 6.4, the process of dividing a source file's characters into preprocessing tokens is
  context-dependent. For example, see the handling of < within a #include preprocessing directive.
7) An implementation need not convert all non-corresponding source characters to the same execution
  character.

If you had a blank or any other character after your stray backslash, you would have a compilation error.  We can tell that you don't have anything after it because you don't have a compilation error.

The other part of your question, about:
"\n";

is quite different.  It is a simple expression that has no side-effects and therefore no effect on the program.  The optimizer will completely discard it.  When you write:
i = 1;

you have an expression with a value that is discarded; it is evaluated for its side-effect of modifying i.
Sometimes, you'll find code like:
*ptr++;

The compiler will warn you that the result of the expression is discarded; the expression can be simplified to:
ptr++;

and will achieve the same effect in the program.

A: The backslash \ get interpreted by the C preprocessor. It protect its following character (the new line character on your case).

A: The backslash is simply escaping the next character. In this case, probably a line end (CR) character. Perfectly reasonable.

A: The backslash plus what is following it is an escape sequence; "\n" together is the newline character (prints a newline). Another important one is "\t", for tab.


Here is the new music video for Swindon based performer Plummie Racket titled '2 Years Ago'. The first music video in his solo career looks back at his time in previous band 'The Racket'. The video is a mix of performance and narrative sections that show the process of creating the song. We see the initial experiences that motivate the song, the writing of the song, recording and playing the song.
This music video was also the first time using the Blackmagic 4K Cinema camera that we won for the short film 'The Extraction'.
It was good to have a reason to use it as that's the best way to test how something works. Getting used to things like battery life, how quickly you can change settings or how long it takes to off load footage. All these are put to the test when you have to actually achieve something. Another first was the use of a lens that I got from Motion Six who custom build lenses. This one creates an anamorphic look and I was even able to choose the colours emitted every time the lens 'flares'. It's fun!!
So how did it go... Well the cameras images are incredible which is a good start, actually its a great start. Its menus are clear and responsive (despite being a touch screen) and changes can be made super fast. Its sturdy if a little front heavy and using the built in screen there is enough resolution (and focus assist) to be able to keep focus well when on your own. The issues start to arrive when it comes to battery life! This camera has a built in battery which does not last long at all!! So you need a lot of external batteries to keep going. This coupled with the size of the files created means that on your own its tough to keep ahead of charging batteries and off loading footage. That said it's unusual to be completely on your own for a shoot and if you are then I would switch back to the 5D in a second. What you get for a little bit more effort is an amazing picture and that's totally worth it!
Very BIG thanks to Chris Needham for letting me borrow some kit to get the Blackmagic up and running!!
A music video for the Oxfordshire based band 'Lowws'. A performance based music video using images on two TV screens to help set the mood for the lyrics. A high contrast black and white look was selected for the band but colour was kept for the TV screens. The allows for a striking look to the band whilst keeping attention on the TV screens.
Daisy Rodgers Music Promotion helped to set this music video up. Kevin Rodd found the band; he even operated one of the cameras during the shoot and helped with the editing!
Shot on two Canon 5D MkII. Edited with Premier and Graded with using Magic Bullet.
A music video for the Swindon based band 'The Racket' used to promote their latest single and to introduce their latest member! Shot in the heart of Swindon the band spot a guy busking and decide that he should join them!
Shot on a Canon 5D MkII. Edited with Premier and Graded with using Magic Bullet.
A music video for Swindon based band The Racket to help promote their new single. This music video was shot and edited with the band not playing the title song. This was made at an early stage in the songs life and was not ready to be performed live.
A music video to promote Oxfordshire based band 'Welcome to Peepworld' and their new single. Nice and intimate performance based film.
Shot on the RED EPIC. Edited in Premier and Graded using Magic Bullet.
A music video that captured a unique performance by Oxfordshire based band 'Welcome to Peepworld'. In a support act for the band Duo Tone, Welcome to Peepworld were able to borrow their 4 pieces orchestra to play along side them. A Multi 'Multi' cam shoot so as not to miss anything in a small venue.
Shot on 2x Canon 5D mkII's, a Canon 7D and EX3 and EX1. Edited with Premier Pro.
A music video to promote Southend on Sea based band 'Baddies' in their debut single. A very hot and sweaty shoot this video give its audience an up close and personal view of the band.
Shot using a Body Rig 'snorri cam' with a Sony Z1. Edited and Graded in Final Cut 7.
A music video for Southampton based band 'Thomas Tantrum'. A comic book style was used to create an interesting film that see the band get transformed into a comic book characters. Creating an entirely real set was key to this not feeling too 'fake' when added to the post picture in picture look.
Shot on a Sony HD cam. Edited in Final Cut. Post Production After Effects.
A music video to promote Glasgow based band 'The Ads'. With very little access to the band members an all digital style was conceived. Photos were taken of each member and then stitched back together. Copying reference material of each band member playing the stills were puppeteered and inserted in to backgrounds made up of time-lapse photography.


I've transferred funds by scanning a QR code, but I don't see a pending request in my personal overview.
Pending request are only visible if you pay via a DApp Browser or MetaMask. Once the transaction is finalised the funded request will appear in your personal overview, and the status 'funded' will be added.


text:
Man says school board used "legal threat" against him after meeting
Rumneek Johal
Dec 6 2019, 5:54 pm
Justice For Emmell/Facebook
A writer and organizer who silently protested at a Catholic school board meeting last week has been threatened with a lawsuit by the school board for speaking out about the incident.
The Edmonton Catholic School board trustee meeting — which took place last week — was abruptly brought to an end following silent protest and calls to address racism at an Edmonton Catholic school earlier this year.
Emmell, an 11-year-old black student who formerly attended Christ the King Catholic School in Edmonton, was ordered to remove his durag for its "gang affiliations" in September.
Emmell's mother, Una, contacted Edmonton-based writer and organizer Bashir Mohamed to bring awareness to the issue, and Mohamed conducted a silent protest that led to the eventual cancellation of the meeting.
During the meeting, Mohamed silently held a petition in support of Emmell in his left hand, with his right hand high in a fist, before he was asked repeatedly to put his hand down, and the meeting was cancelled after a brief recess.
"At last week's public meeting, our Board reacted when a tribute to a school volunteer was interrupted by a protestor resulting in a call for recess. When Trustees realized the business of the meeting could not continue, they adjourned," said Lori Nagy, spokesperson for Edmonton Catholic School Board, in an email to Daily Hive.
Mohamed was set to appear on a radio talk show last week to talk about the incident, when he was notified moments prior to the interview that he would be facing legal action if he were to speak specifically about the situation with Emmell and Una.
I'm honestly speechless right now.
Minutes before going on the @ryanjespersen show I was informed that Edmonton Catholic Schools threatened 630ched with legal action if they interviewed me about Una and Emmell's case.
They also told me that they are suing me for defamation.
— Bashir Mohamed (@BashirMohamed) November 28, 2019
"Their intention of using legal threat was silence. They're a huge institution," said Mohamed.
"This threat has impacted other people being able to speak about it. A public catholic school board successfully managed to derail a news interview."
School Board representative Lori Nagy said the decision to contact the radio station about about potential legal action was based on Mohamed's comments about their staff.
"On Thursday, November 30, we inadvertently found out that Mr. Bashir Mohamed would be on a Corus Entertainment talk show. In light of Mr. Mohamed's history of making defamatory comments about our staff, we notified Corus Entertainment of our concerns in this regard," said Nagy.
"As we are legally obligated to provide not only our students, but also our staff, with a safe and caring environment free of harassment, any defamatory comments about our staff are of significant concern to the division. It was on this basis that the decision was made to contact Corus. We did not threaten to sue the radio station. We are monitoring defamatory comments made by Mr. Mohamed and are reviewing our options."
Mohamed says that the threat of lawsuit came as a shock.
"I've literally just spoken about their actions, what they did, and I said that their actions were racist," said Mohamed.
Since coming forward and speaking out about the incident, Mohamed says he has faced "hateful comments, and numerous threats," forcing him to have difficult discussions about personal safety.
"It's been a rough week, but I'm just looking forward to this whole thing being resolved and for them to come to their senses," said Mohamed.
Nagy said the school board is not pursuing a lawsuit "at the moment," but it is not at liberty to discuss the nature of the defamatory comments made by Mohamed against the school board.
When asked about the allegations of racism, Nagy said "the allegations are of great concern" to the school division.
"The situation that took place at Christ the King School in September and the subsequent information is of great concern to the Edmonton Catholic School Division. We worked with the family and the student is attending another Catholic school. We continue to work towards resolution," said Nagy.
"We have reached out to the mother to meet but have not heard back. We have apologized for using the word 'gang' as it was not meant to suggest the boy was in a gang," said Nagy.
Mohamed says that although the school board says the allegations of racism were concerning, they failed to address it at last month's meeting.
"We have three demands: we want the school board to apologize to Emmell. Right now they've only apologized for actually using the word gang, they haven't apologized for the type of situation Emmell was put in, and for typecasting him as a member of a gang" said Mohamed.
"They also haven't apologized to [Emmell's mother] for pushing the panic button."
The other two demands include having the no headwear policy removed, as well as the removal of the ban on Emmell's mother — which was instated when when the principal of Emmell's school first met with her in September.
"Durag has nothing to do with gangs, it's something that's apart of our culture for centuries now," Una is heard saying in an audio recording of a meeting with the principal, where she requested an apology for the "racial profiling" of her son.
The principal is then heard saying that the teacher is not going to apologize to Emmell.
The meeting subsequently escalated when the principal put the school on lockdown, called the police, and banned Una from the school premises for one year.
A formal apology has not yet been issued for the incident or the ban, but the school board says they stand by their decision to ban Emmell's mother from the school.
"We stand by the ban at the school the student used to attend, as the mom's conduct escalated at the school after the taped recording was turned off," said Nagy.
"School staff can be seen crying and reported fearing for their safety. Police have also confirmed the mother's aggressive behaviour to media. We must provide a safe environment for students, but also our staff; an environment free from harassment. The mother was banned from entering the school for a year and this is a decision that is rare in our division and is not taken lightly."
According to Mohamed, the school board could have resolved the issue with an apology to Una.
"They doubled down and banned the mom and continued to cite this policy under the guise of safety with no evidence," said Mohamed.
"They still continue to portray Una as the angry black woman and it's dangerous, and it's perpetuating racism."
The next Edmonton Catholic School board meeting is slated for December 17, where Emmell's mother Una is registered to speak.
Trudeau throne speech "disappointment" to Alberta, Saskatchewan: Scheer
Alberta SPCA in need of blankets, towels after 40 cats taken in on one day
Homicide investigators looking into woman's death in Duggan
Catholic School Trustee meeting abruptly ends after calls from demonstrators to address racism


Welcome back dear friends here on friv-games.com, where we are bringing for you the most interesting and the funniest games that you can play with all your friends. Today, we are bringing a new online Coloring challenge, in which you will have to be make sure that in the shortest time, you can help us have the most interesting animal coloring pictures and kids coloring pictures. You dear friends have to make sure that you can finish each coloring picture in this challenge, and for that you will have to make sure that you can use as many colors as possible in each and every one of the pictures. This is a full coloring book, and you dear friends have to make sure that in the shortest time, you can have a complete coloring book with the animals and kids, and we are sure that you can see how many other Coloring games for boys and girls are going to continue to appear right here on our website. Have fun!
Hellokids Coloring Time is a game that has been added on 30.10.2018 and we invite you to play right now because it was played 504 times. Hellokids Coloring Time was added in Coloring Games and seems to have 100% obtained at the vote from each member that have been played this game.


Happy December everyone! I'm currently blogging from Washington DC. I traveled from Daytona Beach to Orlando then to Richmond, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach to see family and friends, and now I'm spending some time up north visiting with my sister. It's starting to get so cold here, I feel like Florida has definitely gotten me accustomed to warmer climates. I'm definitely lucky to have been able to borrow my brother and sister's warm clothes while I visited because my small carry on included jeans and a flannel that were not cut out for this 30 degree weather. Such a drastic climate change from blazing summers in Kansas and mild and humid temperatures in Florida.
In other news, I have been enjoying my break so much. I've done a ton of yoga at a studio only two blocks away from my house (score!), have been running on the beach (in the cold yikes), doing push-ups and ab workouts, have gone on a couple hikes, and of course took my dog, Kita on walks with my dad, in addition to eating a bunch of good food, visiting local coffee shops, and sleeping.
One of my favorite things I got to do over break was paint a shed my dad built. Surprisingly enough painting the entire thing only took a few hours in the afternoon with my family all grabbing brushes.
Painting a shed! I promise the tiny brush was only used to cover nails.
I also got to spend some time hiking with my sister and mom, which was great! Got to break in my new hiking boots I got for Christmas, broke in some new running shoes, and also some new ABU boots for Field Training Preparation (FTP) next semester. To say the least my feet are extremely sore, but better now than later.
On a hike with my mom and sister!
My aunt also took some amazing family photos for us that are currently being uploaded but will be sure to be included in the upcoming posts.
I fly back to Florida in a few days and can definitely say I will miss the leisurely pace of a balanced life and no homework. RAs always arrive back to school early to decorate, inspect, and set up the dorms again before all the residents return for the upcoming semester. Until then though, I'll be sleeping and eating well in preparation for FTP, as well as working on scholarship applications and internship applications for the summer.
Happy new year and I hope everyone has been enjoying their holidays. Will report back soon once the semester starts up again!


text:
Food Microbiology • Braz. J. Microbiol. 33 (3) • Sept 2002 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822002000300017 copy
The development of an analytical method for two mycotoxins, patulin and verruculogen, and survey of their presence in commercial tomato pulp
Desenvolvimento de um método analítico para duas micotoxinas, patulina e verruculogeno, e levantamento da sua incidência em polpa comercial de tomate
Luciane M. Kawashima
Lucia M. Valente Soares
Pilar R. de Massaguer
The mycotoxin patulin causes gastroinstestinal distress, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in animals. It can be produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys and it has been found in fruits, vegetables and cereals. Verruculogen is a toxin produced mainly by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. and causes severe tremors in affected animals. Tomatoes are especially susceptible to fungi invasion and their products need to be investigated for possible mycotoxin contamination. A method for the determination of patulin and verruculogen in tomato products was developed involving an extraction with ethyl acetate, a cleanup by silica gel column and determination and confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 10 ng/g and 20 ng/g. The average recovery for patulin at five levels of addition (from 20 to 200 ng/g) was 75% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 90 % .The average recovery for verruculogen at five levels of addition (from 50 to 300 ng/g) was 54% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 52%. The processing of two tomato plants was followed during 1996, 1997, and 1998. Eighty-four samples of tomato pulp were analyzed for patulin and verruculogen. The toxins were not detected in any of the samples.
mycotoxins; patulin; verruculogen; tomato products
A micotoxina patulina causa distúrbios gastrointestinais e efeitos neurotóxicos e imunotóxicos em animais. Pode ser produzida por várias espécies de Penicillium, Aspergillus e Byssochlamys e tem sido encontrada em frutas, verduras e cereais. Verruculogeno é uma toxina produzida principalmente por espécies de Penicillium e Aspergillus e causa fortes tremores em animais afetados. Tomates são especialmente susceptíveis a invasão fúngica e seus produtos precisam ser investigados com relação a possíveis contaminações por micotoxinas. Um método para determinação de patulina e verruculogeno em produtos de tomate foi desenvolvido envolvendo uma extração com acetato de etila, uma limpeza em coluna de sílica gel e determinação e confirmação por cromatografia de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos. Os limites de quantificação foram de 10 ng/g e 20 ng/g e as recuperações medias foram de 89% e 65% para patulina e verruculogeno, respectivamente. O processamento de duas fábricas de produtos de tomate foi amostrado durante 1996, 1997 e 1998. Oitenta e quatro amostras de polpa de tomate foram analisadas para patulina e verruculogeno. As toxinas não foram detectadas em nenhuma das amostras.
micotoxinas; patulina; verruculogeno; produtos de tomate
Luciane M. Kawashima; Lucia M. Valente Soares; Pilar R. de Massaguer
Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
Key words: mycotoxins, patulin, verruculogen, tomato products
Palavras-chave: micotoxinas, patulina, verruculogeno, produtos de tomate
The presence of undesirable fungi growth in food products has been extensively reported in foods and it is caused by a deterioration process or by contamination due to improper handling. Fungi can produce metabolites in the foods they invade that are toxic to man and animals and for that reason these compounds are called mycotoxins. Tomatoes, a soft skinned vegetable, are highly susceptible to fungal invasion at field conditions and also during storage, transportation and processing (25). Tomato products are largely consumed in Brazil and tomatoes constitute the horticultural product with the highest plant processing volume in the country and possibly in the world (4). In 1998 the consumption of tomato paste and tomato pulp in Brazil was 138 488 tons and 128 257 tons, respectively (2).
The mycotoxin patulin may be produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys. Originally, it drew researchers attention due to its antibiotic properties. However, it was rapidly shown to be highly toxic to plants and animals (13). The LD50 for rats and mice ranges from 5 to 30 mg/kg b.w. (6). Patulin causes gastroinstestinal distress and neurotoxic effects in rodents (16), immunotoxic effects in mice and rabbits (32), and genotoxic effects on mammalian cells (41).
Patulin has been found in apples, pears, their juices and jams (5, 20, 22, 27, 35), grapes and grape juices (31), and beets (40). It was found in fruits that exhibited brown rot, such as bananas, pineapples, grapes, peaches, and apricots, indicating that the use of unsound fruits for processing would lead to the presence of the toxin in the products (11). A limited survey was conducted in tomato products in Germany but the toxin has not been detected (1). Patulin was also found in peaches, apricots, bananas, strawberries, melons, tomatoes, cucumbers and carrots inoculated with P. expansum, P. urticae and Byssochlamys nivea (11) and in barley inoculated with Aspergillus clavatus (18). The effect of processing on patulin has been extensively studied in apples. The toxin was shown to be stable to heat and to the presence of acids, however, alcoholic fermentation will destroy it (30).
Verruculogen is a toxin produced by Penicillium spp., such as strains of P. verruculosum Peyronel, P. paraherquei, P. piscarium Westling, and P. janthinellum; and by Aspergillus spp., such as strains of A. caespitosus, A. fumigatus. Neosartorya fischeri has also been cited as a verruculogen producer. The latter fungus species is also termoresistant and may survive heat treatment during vegetable and fruit processing (37). Verruculogen elicits severe tremorgenic response in animals (7) and causes a drop in the levels of the g-aminobutiric acid in the central nervous system accompanied by loss of the GABA inhibitory function in mice dosed with the toxin (8).
Tomato products in Brazil were investigated for alternariol, alternariol monomethylether, tenuazonic acid (TEA), and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) (24). TEA and CPA were found in the samples indicating the use of tomatoes with undesirable levels of fungi invasion. Other potentially important mycotoxins for tomato products remain to be searched for. No survey of patulin and verruculogen has been conducted so far on Brazilian tomato products.
Patulin has been determined in apple juice by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). For sample extraction there is an almost universal preference for ethyl acetate. The cleanup step may involve one of the following techniques: (a) extraction with a sodium carbonate solution; (b) chromatography with Extrelut, Florisil, silica, or octadecilsilyl columns, singly or in combination of two of these columns; (c) dialysis. Confirmation of identity has been accomplished by derivatization reaction with acetic anhydride, mass spectrometry, and diode array detectors. Detection limits claimed range from 4-10 ng/g for TLC, 10-50 ng/g for GC, and 1 – 44 ng/g for HPLC (14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 28, 34, 36, 38). Tomato products have been analyzed by extraction with ethyl acetate, followed by a Florisil column and two dimensional TLC with visualization by derivative formation with chloro-o-dianisidine. The reported limit of detection was 40 ng/g (1).
There are no reports on determination of verruculogen in foods. A few workers have only described its isolation from culture media (9, 26, 29).
The present work aimed at developing a method to determine patulin and verruculogen in tomato products and surveying Brazilian tomato products for the possible presence of these toxins.
Three packages of tomato pulp were collected at random from each of 14 batches during the 1996/97 tomato harvest and also outside harvest time at two tomato processing plants located in the states of São Paulo and Goiás. The sampling was repeated during 1997/98 when 14 batches were sampled. The processed tomato pulp was packaged in Tetrabrik cartoons (Tetrapak) and had 8.1º Brix and pH 4.3.
Sample extraction and cleanup
The tomato pulp samples were treated with commercial pectinase (Pectinem Ultra SPL, Ovo Nordisk Fermented Ltd.). Three hundred µL of pectinase (previously diluted to 1:10.000) were added to 20 g sample, heated to 40oC during 15 minutes and filtered through qualitative filter paper. The residue in the filter paper was pressed to remove excess water as was needed. A 5 g aliquot was collected and extracted with 10mL ethyl acetate followed by a second extraction with 5 mL ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate phases were collected, dried with sodium sulfate and transferred to a silica gel column (Silica gel 60, 70-230 mesh, Merck), prepared in a glass tube with 4-4.5 cm i.d. and filled to a 6 cm height and topped with 1 cm anhydrous sodium sulfate. The toxins were eluted from the column with 15 mL ethyl acetate and the eluate dried under a gentle nitrogen stream at 40ºC.
The dried extract was dissolved in 500 mL 10% acetonitrile-water and filtered through a filter with 0.45 µm diameter pores (Millipore Corp.). The samples and standards were injected using a 20 µL loop into a isocratic liquid chromatograph with diode array detector (Hewlett Packard, model 1050) with a data processing HP Chemstation LC 3D System. Individual stock solutions were prepared for the patulin and verruculogen standards (Sigma) in ethanol and the concentrations checked by ultraviolet spectrofotometry. The working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solutions with 10% acetonitrile-water.
For the patulin determination the wavelength was set at 276 nm. The analytical column was a reverse phase C18, 5µm, 4.6 x 150 mm (Microsorb MV, Varian). The mobile phase was 10% acetonitrile-water at 1mL/min. Under these conditions patulin has a retention time of 4.1 minutes. For the verruculogen determination the wavelength was set at 225 nm. The analytical column was a reverse phase C18, Spherisorb ODS-2, 5µm, 4.6 x 250 mm (Sigma). The mobile phase was 50% acetonitrile-water at 1 mL/min. Under these conditions verruculogen elutes at 10.3 minutes. Quantification was accomplished by external standards at 5 concentration levels. Confirmation of identity was obtained through comparison of the presumptive peaks spectra and the standards spectra obtained under the same chromatographic conditions.
Analytical quality control
Quantification limits of the method were taken as the minimum amount of the toxin detected in the product that allowed for confirmation by the diode array detector by yielding a clearly recognizable spectrum. The recovery of the method for patulin and verruculogen were tested at five levels of addition (from 20 to 200 ng/g and from 50 to 300 ng/g, respectively). The detection limits of the pure toxins by the DAD detector were measured as three times the baseline standard variation under the same conditions employed for the tomato pulp samples. A blank and a recovery test for each toxin (a sample spiked at 100 ng/g with patulin and verruculogen) were added to each series 10 of samples analyzed.
Evaluation of analytical methods for patulin and verruculogen in tomato products.
Four extraction and cleanup systems described for patulin in apple products (3, 21, 33, 39) and one described for tomato products (1) were tested as described by the authors and also in combination. The results were found inadequate. The best extraction solvent proved to be ethyl acetate, a popular solvent for the extraction of patulin from apple products. The cleanup system that worked best for tomato products was the silica gel column, not previously described for this kind of food product.
Hydroximethylfurfural, a compound produced when sugars are heated under acidic conditions during food processing, is a common interferent to patulin during liquid chromatography. The appropriate mobile phase and column for separating both compounds were searched for among the mobile phases recommended by AOAC for patulin (3) and two brands and sizes of chromatographic columns were tested. The best combination found is the one described in the Materials and Methods section.
For the extraction and cleanup of verruculogen in tomato products there were no methods to act as a guide or a starting point. Thus, extractions used for cultures of verruculogen producing fungi were tested (10, 12, 26) but no adequate results were reached. Luckily, it was found that the same extraction solvent and cleanup system that worked for patulin in tomato products also worked for verruculogen. Chromatographic conditions mentioned for culture extracts were tried (26) but the verruculogen peak was not resolved. For the liquid chromatography step the mobile phase had to be modified to 50% acetonitrile-water in order to elute the verruculogen. On the other hand a shorter chromatographic column (15 cm) yielded better results than the longer one used for patulin (25 cm). A gradient solvent system might have solved these difficulties and eluted both compounds in the same run but the use of an isocratic pump precluded this. Under these circumstances it was chosen to chromatograph verruculogen and patulin under separate runs in order to change columns and mobile phases as described under the Materials and Method section. However, although the two toxins were quantified and confirmed under separate chromatographic conditions the extraction and cleanup step is common to both and is greatly simplified when compared to the patulin methods previously described for apple products and the one described for tomato products. The common extraction and cleanup for the two toxins also saves a great amount of time for the analyst and reduces reagents costs.
The method developed for determination and confirmation of patulin and verruculogen in tomato products was then evaluated with recovery and reproducibility tests. The average recovery for patulin at five levels of addition (from 20 to 200 ng/g) was 75% (
Table 1) and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 90% (
Table 2). The average recovery for verruculogen at five levels of addition (from 50 to 300 ng/g) was 54% (Table 1) and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 52% (Table 2). The relative standard deviation for 10 repetitions was 6.3 and 10.6 % for patulin and verruculogen, respectively (Table 2).
The detection limits of the DAD detector for pure standards were 6 ng/g for patulin and 3 ng/g for verruculogen. The limit of quantification was determined as the smallest quantity of the toxin that allowed confirmation by the spectrum obtained. The limit of quantification for patulin was 10 ng/g and for verruculogen was 20 ng/g. No references have been found for limits of detection for verruculogen in any food product. For patulin in tomato products there is a recent communication from the Ministry for Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries, UK, reporting a limit of detection of 20 ng/g and recoveries of 37-61% for patulin in tomato products (21).
The method developed proved to be simple due to the limited number of steps employed and the ready availability of reagents and adsorbents used when compared to other methods described for patulin in the literature with the added advantage of allowing the determination of a second mycotoxin, verruculogen. The chromatograms (
Fig. 1) showed no interferences at the point the toxins eluted and this was further demonstrated by the fact the spectra of the pure compounds (
Fig. 2) obtained during the chromatographic runs were identical with the spectra of toxins spiked into the tomato pulp samples.
Survey of patulin and verruculogen in tomato products
The processing of two tomato plants were followed from 1996 to 1998 and 84 samples of tomato pulp were analyzed for patulin and verruculogen. The toxins were not detected in any of the samples.
The authors thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo for the financial support and the Coordenadoria para Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior for the graduate scholarship to the first author.
Submitted: March 16, 2001; Returned to authors for corrections: July 11, 2001; Approved: July 26, 2002.
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10. Filtenborg, O.; Frisvad, J.C.; Svendsen, J.A. Simple screening method for moulds producing intracellular mycotoxins in pure cultures. Appl. Envir. Microbiol, 45: 581-585, 1983.
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14. Gökmen, V.; Acar, J. Simultaneous determination of 5-hidroxymethylfurfural and patulin in apple juice by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 847: 69-74, 1999.
15. Herry, M.P.; Lemétayer, N. Liquid chromatographic determination of patulin in French apple ciders. J. AOAC Int., 79: 1107-110, 1996.
16. Hopkins, J. The toxicological hazards of patulin. Food Chem. Toxicol, 31: 455-459. 1993.
17. Lehman, D.; Burkard, W. Bestimung von Patulin in Obstsäften mit Hochleitstungs-Flüssigkeitschromatographie nac Festphasenextracktion. De. Lebens.-Runds, 86: 216-217, 1990.
18. Lopez-Diaz, T.; Flanningan, B. Production of patulin and cytochalasin E by Aspergillus clavatus during malting of barley and wheat. Int. J. Food Microbiol, 35: 129-136, 1997.
19. Llovera, M.; Viladrich, R.; Torres, M.; Canela, R. Analysis of underivatizated patulin by FC-MS technique. J. Food Protec, 2: 202-205, 1999.
20. Machinski Jr., M.; Midio, M. Incidencia de patulina en jugo de manzana industrializado. Alimentaria, 276: 61-64, 1996.
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF, UK). Survey of fruit juices and tomato products for patulin. Food Surveillance Information Sheet, 63 (June), 1995. In: http://www.maff.gov.uk/food/infsheet/1995/no63/63patul.htm.
22. Meyer, R.A. Zur Bestimung von Patulin in Lebensmitteln Vorschlag einer Standardmethode. Nahrung, 26: 337-342, 1982.
23. Möller, T.E.; Josefsson, E. Rapid high pressure liquid chromatography of patulin in apple juice. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem, 63: 1055-1056, 1980.
24. Motta, S.; Valente Soares, L.M. Survey of Brazilian tomato products for alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, and cyclopiazonic acid. Food Add. Contam, in press.
25. Moss, M.O. Conditions and factors influencing mycotoxin formation in the field and during the storage of food. Chem. Ind, 533-536, 1984.
26. Nielsen, P.V.; Beuchat, L.R.; Frisvad, J.C. Growth of and Fumitremorgin production by Neosartorya fischeri as affected by temperature, light, and water activity. Appl. Envir. Microb., 54: 1504-1510, 1988.
27. Plessi, M.; Bertelli, D.; Monzani, A. Valutazione del contenuto di patulina in prodoti per la prima infanzia a base di mela. Riv. Scienza Alimentazione, 27: 237-243, 1998.
28. Roach, J.A.G.; White, K.D.; Trucksess, M.W.; Thomas, F.S. Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with chemical ionization and negative ion detection for confirmation of identity of patulin in apple juice. J. AOAC Int, 83: 104-112, 2000.
29. Schroeder, H.W.; Cole, R.J.; Hein Jr., H.; Kirksey, J.W. Tremorgenic mycotoxins from Aspergillus caespitosus Appl. Microbiol, 29: 857-858, 1975.
30. Scott, P.M. Effects of food processing on mycotoxins. J. Food Protect, 47: 489-499, 1984.
31. Scott, P.M.; Fuleki, T.; Harwig, J. Patulin content of juice and wine produced from moldy grapes. J. Agric. Food Chem, 25: 434-436, 1977.
32. Sharma, R.P. Immunotoxicity of Mycotoxins. J. Dairy Sci, 76: 892-897,1993.
33. Siriwardana, M.G., Lafont, P. Méthode densitométrique de dosage de la patuline dans les jus de fruits. J. Chromatogr, 173: 425-428, 1979.
34. Stray, H. High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of patulin in apple juice. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem, 61: 1359-1362, 1978.
35. Sylos, C.M.; Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B. Incidence of patulin in fruits and fruti juices marketed in Campinas, Brazil. Food Add. Contam, 16: 71-74, 1999.
36. Tarter, E.J.; Scott, P.M. Determination of patulin by capillary gas chromatography of the heptafluorobutyrate derivative. J. Chromatogr, 538: 441-446, 1991.
37. Tournas, V. Heat-resistant fungi of importance to food and beverage industry. C. Rev. Microbiol, 20(2): 243-263, 1994.
38. Ware, G.M.; Thorpe, C.W.; Pohland, A.E. Liquid chromatographic method for determination of patulin in apple juice. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem, 57: 1111-1113, 1974.
39. Wilson, R.D. Surveying some apple juices for patulin. Food Technol. New Zealand, 1981, 27-31.
40. Wisniewska, H.; Pirskorska-Pliszczynska, J. Natural occurrence of patulin in fodder beetroots. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 25: 1-4, 1982.
41. Wouters, M.F.A.; Speijers, G.J.A. Patulin. In: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants World Health Organization, Genebra, 1996, p.337-402.
FEA/UNICAMP
Caixa Postal 6121. 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil
valente@fea.unicamp.br
Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia USP - ICB III - Dep. de Microbiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP - Brasil, Ramal USP 7979, Tel. / Fax: (55 11) 3813-9647 ou 3037-7095 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjm@sbmicrobiologia.org.br


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WHY VOTE FOR US
About Sheri Latash
Varied work experience
Sheri spent nearly 20 years in the waste management and environmental consulting fields, working for industry and municipalities. As a result of wide-ranging volunteer involvement at her daughter's school, she decided to switch careers. Sheri returned to school for a teaching degree and then taught mostly science and math at the elementary and middle school levels.
In semi-retirement, she worked for the Cook County Farm Bureau as an agriculture literacy educator and volunteered on their Commodities & Marketing, Public Relations, and Member Relations Teams. She has also worked in real estate and public relations. Sheri fully retired from teaching in 2015, and from the Commodities & Marketing Team in 2019.
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Since 2010, Sheri has volunteered extensively for the League of Women Voters in local, state, and national capacities. As a member of the League of Women Voters of Glenview/Glencoe, Sheri served on the League Board as Treasurer, Secretary, and most recently as Co-President (2016-2020). At the state League level, Sheri served as the Issue Specialist on food and agriculture issues (2011-2017) and as the Issue Specialist on equity & diversity, with a particular emphasis on housing matters (2017-2020). At the national level, Sheri was instrumental in getting the LWV of the United States to update its 1988 public policy position on agriculture by conducting a national study, and she served on the national study committee.
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B.A., Anthropology (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign); M.S., Public Health (University of Illinois, Chicago); and M.A.T. (Master of Arts in Teaching) (National-Louis University)
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Q: read system call doesn't detect end of file I'm trying to create a function that reads an entire file using a specific read size that can change anytime, but the read system call doesn't store the characters properly in the buffer, so far I'm only trying to print until the end of file like this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

# define READ_SIZE (42)

int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
   int fd;
   int rd;
   char *buffer;

   buffer = malloc(READ_SIZE);
   fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
   while ((rd = read(fd, buffer, READ_SIZE)) > 0)
    {
       printf("%s", buffer);
    }
    return (0);
 }

This is the file that I'm trying to read:
test1234
test123
test1
test2
test3
test4
test

This is the output of my program:
test123
test12
test1
test2
test3
test4
testest123
test12
test1
test2
test3
test4
tes

I can only use malloc, and read to handle this, open is only for testing, and I don't understand why it does this, usually read returns the number of bytes read in that file, and 0 if it reaches the end of file, so it's a bit weird to see this.

A: The printing of the character array lacks a null character.  This is UB with "%s".
printf("%s", buffer);  // bad

To limit printing a character array lacking a null character, use a precision modifier.  This will print the character array up to that many characters or a null character - which ever is first.
// printf("%s", buffer);
printf("%.*s", rd, buffer);

Debug tip: Print text with sentinels to clearly indicate the result of each print.
printf("<%.*s>\n", rd, buffer);

A: Besides the very elegant solution provided by chux's answer you could as well just terminate the buffer (and with this only make it a C-"string") explicitly before printing:
while ((rd = read(fd, buffer, READ_SIZE-1)) > 0) /* read one less, to have a spare
                                                    char available for the `0`-terminator. */
{
  buffer[rd] = '\0';
  printf("'%s'", buffer);
}