text:
Suite101 fue un sitio de publicación colaborativa. Generaba ingresos por publicidad y repartía los ingresos a los colaboradores.

Historia
Suite101 se inició en 1996 en Vancouver, Canadá. Los fundadores originales fueron escritores de no ficción y de ficción que invitaron a escritores locales a visitar el sitio y publicar artículos sobre una variedad de temas. El sitio continuó durante casi una década (1996-2005) siendo solo un medio para los escritores para compartir sus conocimientos. Durante este tiempo, se ofrecieron los cursos en línea llamados "Universidad Suite" en un intento de crear ingresos para la compañía, pero este esfuerzo no sobrevivió.

Para el 2005, los visitantes únicos del sitio llegaron a cuatro millones al mes. En 2006 la compañía fue adquirida por inversionistas canadienses y alemanes, incluyendo Boris Wertz, exfundador de JustBooks.de y COO anterior en AbeBooks. A él se unió en la compra del brazo de medios digitales de Hubert Burda Media, una de las editoriales más importantes de Alemania. Bajo este nuevo liderazgo, Suite101 amplió su equipo de redacción, en parte, mediante la contratación de editores profesionales de libros y revistas como redactores jefe que supervisen los contenidos de los colaboradores. Por el lado del modelo de negocio, el sitio, bajo el nuevo CEO Peter Berger, añadió publicidad para cada artículo de la página a través de una asociación con Google AdSense.

En septiembre de 2008, Suite101 se expandió a Europa con el lanzamiento de Suite101.de para lectores en idioma alemán y el establecimiento de una oficina en Berlín. Esto fue seguido por el lanzamiento de Suite101.fr en Francia con Jeremy Reboul, y Suite101.net, de la mano de Eva Fontiveros, para España y Latinoamérica en septiembre de 2009, y el establecimiento de oficinas en París y Madrid.

Para el año 2009 contaba con más de 17 millones de lectores únicos al mes y una red formada por más de 4.000 colaboradores en todo el mundo y con más de 200.000 artículos publicados.
En noviembre de 2009, Suite101.com fue nombrado por comScore como uno de los 10 sitios web de más rápido crecimiento basado en el crecimiento del tráfico de red de los Estados Unidos.

En 2011, los efectos de las actualizaciones del algoritmo Panda de Google redujo los lectores de Suite101.com en un 60%, aunque no afectó a la plataforma en español salvo para beneficiarla positivamente en tráfico. No obstante, una de las principales consecuencias del descenso de tráfico en la empresa matriz fue la reorganización Suite101 que implicó la eliminación del equipo editorial en sus oficinas europeas. Poco después, Michael Kedda fue nombrado como CEO. Kedda relanzó el sitio en 2012 como una plataforma de publicación orientada a la comunidad.

En marzo de 2013, Suite101 cesó la publicación de artículos y unos meses después la empresa dejó de existir, mientras algunos colaboradores que trabajaban en el sitio mantuvieron la publicación de artículos en otro espacio de publicación tanto en inglés como en español.

Referencias

Organizaciones fundadas en 1996
Empresas de Internet
Empresas de Canadá
Comunidades virtuales


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World Class Cougs
WSU Cougars Athletics
John Olerud throws first pitch to John Olerud at WSU Day at the Seattle Mariners
That's a couple of pretty good WSU players right there.
By Jeff Nusser@PodvsEveryone Jul 16, 2016, 1:45pm PDT
Share All sharing options for: John Olerud throws first pitch to John Olerud at WSU Day at the Seattle Mariners
Today is WSU Day at the Seattle Mariners, so the team orchestrated a very cool first pitch between a couple of former WSU baseball players to commemorate the occasion.
That would be Dr. John E. Olerud on the mound throwing to his son, John G. Olerud. (And by the way — how about the heat on that pitch from the 72-year-old??)
Of course, both are Cougar legends who played under former coach Bobo Brayton; the elder Olerud was a catcher who helped take WSU to the 1965 College World Series before going on to a distinguished career as a dermatologist, while the younger Olerud was merely the best baseball player in the history of the various iterations of the Pac-12 before being selected in the MLB draft and embarking on a 17-year career that included 4 1/2 seasons with his hometown team, the Seattle Mariners.
Butch is in attendance to mark the occasion:
WSU Day at Safeco Field! #GoCougs #GoMariners pic.twitter.com/zCAwiuJHFo
— Michael McLaughlin (@McLoffs) July 16, 2016
And the Cougar Cruiser made a stop:
We're at a table inside the Mariners gate by section 344! Gear is going quickly!! pic.twitter.com/HtHFJJOLcR
— Cougar Cruiser (@Cougar_Cruiser) July 16, 2016

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm pleased to announce that Badass Lady Creatives is a thing that exists on the Internet! In the recent past there's been some drama about lack of female speakers and panelists at conferences in the creative/tech industries. What often goes unnoticed—and which I find more telling—are the small, pervasive ways in which praise, accolades, and respect are unevenly distributed.
The aim of Badass Lady Creatives is to celebrate a wider set of talented individuals. It's not a fix-all—and there are other worthy topics, re: diversity—but it's a start. At this moment, there is a Pinterest account that will serve as a directory of actively-working creative women, and a Twitter account that will share our favorite pins and news from said ladies. If these networks are not your thing, never fear: I/we are hoping to expand to other media, as well.
Speaking of we, I'm so grateful to have some design-comrades curating this directory along with me. Many thanks to Margot Harrington, Joseph Hughes, Dylan Lathrop, Helen Rice, Maria Rogal, and Stewart Scott-Curran for coming on board with this project!
Though the first pins are very US/UK-centric, we plan to feature women on an international scope.
Our definition of women is fluid. If you call yourself a lady, you are one.
This is a merit-based project. Women will be featured because they are good at what they do.


This article is dedicated to know the best Home Remedies for Gout. First of all let me tell you what is Gout?
Gout is a general state of arthritis. It has been identified for more than 2000 years. It is a situation that causes pain, inflammation and swelling in one or more of the joints. It generally attacks a single joint suddenly and deeply, most commonly the first metatarsophalangeal (big toe). Gouty joints demonstrate the most visibly red signs of inflammation of any of the 100 types of arthritis. Gout is often linked to an inherited abnormality in the body to process uric acid.
Gout can also emerge in an ear, heel of the hand, small hand joints, ankles, knees, elbows, or wrists with inflammation, swelling and deep pain from the build-up of uric acid crystals. Gout is linked with high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and uric acid kidney stones.
Gout is a disease caused by an inflammatory reply to the formation of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals which produce secondary to hyperuricemia. Gout attacks are caused by dump of crystallized uric acid in the joint. Uric acid is a misuse product in your blood that is removed by the kidneys and eliminated in urine. Gout takes place most commonly in the big toe because uric acid is sensitive to temperature changes.
1) Apples are considered important in Home Remedy for Gout therefore Eat an apple after every meal.
2) Take out the juice of half lemon and put it in 1 glass of water and drink it thrice in a day.
3) One more effective Home Remedy for Gout is the juice of French beans. Drink half cup of this juice everyday for about a month to treat gout.
4) The cherry, sweet or sour, is measured well in gout treatment. The patient should consume about fifteen to twenty five cherries a day in beginning. Fresh cherries are best, but you can also use canned cherries. This is another superior Home Remedy for Gout.
5) Raw vegetable juices are used for gout handling. Carrot juice mixed with the juices of beet and cucumber, is valuable.
6) Lime is a well source in treating gout. The citric acid present in lime is a solvent of the uric acid which is the main cause of this disease. The juice of half a lime, squeezed into a glass of water, should be taken twice on a daily basis.
7) A charcoal bath is a good Home Remedy for Gout. For this mix in old basin one half cup of charcoal powder with water until a paste is made. Place affected foot into the basin and add water until the foot is enclosed. Steep your foot in the charcoal bath for thirty to sixty minutes.


Best Buy customers often prefer the following products when searching for Microwaves For Dorms.
Browse the top-ranked list of Microwaves For Dorms below along with associated reviews and opinions.
"Good choice for dorm...The only reason I didn't give it 5 stars is because we downsized from a larger model, however what we lost in microwave power we made up for in a gain in counter space, great size & power for small kitchens"
"Great microwave for college dorm...Don't know if I would want it long term for our family, but for reheating food, heating up water for instant cocoa, or cooking microwave popcorn, it looks to be fine"
"Great microwave for college dorm"
"Very easy to use...Does a great job...Good microwave for s dorm room....My house has a range so I didn't really need a microwave but I'm happy I bought this is perfectly small enough to fit anywhere I wanted and it has enough room so use to make plenty of microwave meals for us broke college students"
"Good microwave for s dorm room."
Only at Best Buy Heat food quickly and efficiently with this 0.9 cu. ft. Insignia microwave. One-touch buttons take the guesswork out of cooking common foods like popcorn and pizza, and the bright LED display lets you operate the device in low-light conditions. This Insignia microwave has an integrated child lock for safety.
"Perfect for a small apartment or dorm....I gave it 4 stars only because, in order to cook a potato or veggies, I have to enter a time for cooking and then watch it to make sure it is fully cooked"
"Perfect for a small apartment or dorm."
"Good size for small apartment or dorm room....I gave it 4 stars only because, in order to cook a potato or veggies, I have to enter a time for cooking and then watch it to make sure it is fully cooked"
"Good size for small apartment or dorm room."
"Very easy to use...Glad I bought it...Great dorm microwave...I can't put a regular size dinner plate in it but I don't really use a microwave enough so that doesn't bother me"
"It's easy to use...Great for RV use...Great microwave for a dorm...The only thing I do not like about this microwave is it does not light up when I open it; this is not a problem unless I try to use at night"
"Great microwave for a dorm"
"Gets the job done...Super easy to use...Great for a dorm room...I like this microwave because I dont have a lot of space in my kitchen for a big microwave but most small microwaves are have a low wattage output"
"Great for a dorm room"
"Very easy to use...I like the color...Great microwave for college dorms...I decided that a medium-sized microwave would suit my needs very well and I do like Sharp products"
"Great microwave for college dorms"
Defrost frozen ingredients and cook meals in minutes with this Sharp 1.4-cubic foot countertop microwave. Several one-touch options and an advanced sensor inside the microwave help cook foods quickly and thoroughly. With its stylish black and stainless steel design, this Sharp 1.4-cubic foot countertop microwave looks good in any modern kitchen.
"Does a great job...Very easy to use...Great Microwave for Dorm...It does have a small cooking chamber but it easily fits a dinner size plate, so unless you are a microwave chef who cooks everything in a microwave, it is great for warming leftovers and doing small amounts of cooking"
"No issues so far...Very easy to use...Good for kitchen or dorm room...I LOVE the "express Cook" feature: all you have to do is hit "5", and it automatically starts a 5 minute cooking cycle, The same for any number 1 - 6, but you can also manually program for any other number, including seconds"
"Good for kitchen or dorm room"
Heat and reheat a variety of food with this GE JES1460DSWW mid-size microwave, which features 10 power levels and 7 sensor cook buttons for rapid, efficient operation. Control lockout gives you peace of mind by preventing accidental or unsupervised use.
"Does a great job...fast easy to use...Great microwave for the apartment or Dorm...But I also am not bothered enough to spend any more time looking for a white model, since I live a rental apt where nothing else matches anyway"
"Great microwave for the apartment or Dorm"
"very easy to use...Very easy to use...Bought this microwave for my daughters dorm....I also like that you can just press the buttons for the time that you want instead of having to hit a specific input time button or turn a dial or do some other form of annoying time wasting step"
"Bought this microwave for my daughters dorm."
"Great for our den...We are well pleased...Great microwave for a dorm!...The Avanti microwave is a perfect fit for my granddaughter's dorm room at school"
"Great microwave for a dorm!"
"For a long time I would only buy Panasonic Microwaves because I hate manufacturers that default key entry to be quick minute settings (e.g. hit 2 and instead of registering that as a 2 it starts a 2 minute quick entry)...I really like the sleek look and easy controls, but the only concern that I have is that when I have the timer on for something, it does not beep continuously until I reset it, so if I happen to be in another room and don't hear it go off, I may not realize the time was up"
Related to "Microwaves For Dorms"


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Edelman Launches Global Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Communications Report
Source: Edelman, 12 February 2008
Research findings developed with Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship, Net Impact and World Business Council for Sustainable Development assess trends and best practices in corporate responsibility communications.
Transparency in communications is a key indicator of a socially responsible company – more important than philanthropy or NGO partnerships – according to a landmark corporate responsibility and sustainability communications report launched today by Edelman, the world's largest independent public relations firm.
The report, "Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability Communications: Who's Listening? Who's Leading? What Matters Most?" was developed in collaboration with the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship, Net Impact and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and can be found online at www.edelman.com/expertise/practices/csr/.
"We have seen an explosion of interest, debate, and analysis concerning corporate responsibility and sustainability," said Chris Deri, executive vice president and global practice leader of Edelman's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Sustainability Practice. "We wanted this report to provide both practical and actionable findings specifically tailored for communicators."
The report assesses trends and best practices in corporate responsibility-focused communications, as well as the effectiveness of newer communications efforts. Key findings address the role of transparency as an indicator of responsible business practices, the expectation for companies to lead on key global health and social issues, and the importance of investors and employees (current and prospective) as key audiences:
Transparency is a key indicator of a socially responsible company. Being transparent about business operations, future goals, and treatment of workforce are vital indicators for stakeholders assessing corporate responsibility and sustainability. In fact, 45% of survey respondents agreed that communicating both positive and negative performance ranked among the three most important activities for a socially responsible company to engage in.
"More companies are realizing that authenticity is the key to effective corporate responsibility communications," said Peggy Connolly, communications director at the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship. "This research reveals the importance of companies being real, relevant, and responsive to key stakeholders—internally with employees and externally with NGOs and others."
Stakeholders expect companies to lead – not just manage risk – on key issues. No longer does it suffice for companies to simply manage risks on certain global issues such as climate change, human rights, and poverty alleviation.
Employees and socially responsible investors have emerged as key communications audiences due to their impact on a company's bottom line. Investors are increasingly looking at corporate responsibility as a proxy for good management and view solid practices as a mark of a healthy approach to risk and opportunities. In fact, 39% of survey respondents said they were more inclined to purchase products from companies they considered socially responsible.
Study participants also agreed that directing corporate responsibility-focused communications at employees is empowering for them and a company's programs. "Employees are a company's most valuable resource when it comes to putting corporate responsibility initiatives to work," said Liz Maw, Executive Director, Net Impact. "This research highlights just how important it is to communicate a company's responsible business practices to employees."
Companies often neglect an important corporate responsibility communications audience: prospective employees. Corporate communicators could do much more to leverage responsible business practices as a recruiting tool, especially since today's job seekers tend to research a company's performance in this area. In fact, 62% of survey respondents report that their recruitment materials failed to emphasize this information.
"Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability Communications: Who's Listening? Who's Leading? What Matters Most?" is informed by an international survey of 3,100 global opinion leaders, interviews with NGOs and multilaterals, regulators, media and executives from global Fortune 500 companies, and a survey of Net Impact's international membership.
Q4 Launches Suite of ESG Communications Products
Sustainability Communication Disconnect between Companies and Investors
Institutional Investors More Likely to Invest in Companies with Business-Driven…
Download the full report (pdf)


text:
#pragma once

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#if defined(__cplusplus)
#define EXTERN_C extern "C"
#else
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#endif
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/* NTSTATUS is as long int, Must define NTSTATUS type before include ntstatus.h */
typedef LONG NTSTATUS;
/* NTAPI is as __stdcall */
#define NTAPI __stdcall

#include <ntstatus.h>
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#define WIN32_NO_STATUS
#endif
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EXTERN_C void InitializeNtDllRuntimeLinker();
EXTERN_C void UninitializeNtDllRuntimeLinker();
EXTERN_C NTSTATUS NTAPI NtSetTimerResolution(ULONG, BOOLEAN, PULONG);
EXTERN_C NTSTATUS NTAPI NtQueryTimerResolution(PULONG, PULONG, PULONG);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Home Astronomy - Selected Images Bond, William C., 1876, Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, V. 8. Plate 13.
Bond, William C., 1876, Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, V. 8. Plate 13.
Title Bond, William C., 1876, Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, V. 8. Plate 13.
Description Total Eclipse of the Sun. December 22nd, 1870.


text:
Another Term Of Obama And Stabenow, Anyone?
By Corinthian Scales, Section News
Posted on Mon Jun 13, 2011 at 11:02:10 AM EST
Tags: GOP Operatives?, Please, Just Stop (all tags)
Where does one really start? For this morning, let's start here.
GOP operatives are trying to persuade a former Detroit Red Wing to challenge U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow in 2012.
Dennis Lennox, a member of the executive committee of the Cheboygan County Republican Party, said he and other party members recently met with the retired hockey player, whom he wouldn't identify.
"I don't think it would be appropriate to give a name while a person is considering it and hasn't made a decision," said Lennox, a former county drain commissioner who is a consultant for Sterling, Hoffman and Co. of Midland.
"The player in question that we are trying to recruit is very well-known to Michiganders and would be well-positioned to hit the ground running and defeat Senator Stabenow."
The attempt to recruit a former Red Wing reflects the continuing search among Michigan GOP insiders for a big-name challenger to Stabenow, D-Lansing, whom some see as vulnerable.
Jock gimmickry? God, help us! Frankly, I'm not sure who we're going to be thanking in 2012 for gagging, at minimum, the Senator seat in this state; Governor Snyder or some anomalous joke from Cheboygan that just clings on like a bad nickel.
I think we all could use some TEA...
Lately, this state has about the same feeling as that of living the movie Groundhog Day. It's becoming one RINO day from the not so distant past...
Republican National Committeeman Chuck Yob of Michigan has angered the state's conservative base with his endorsement Wednesday of liberal Rep. Joe Schwarz (R.-Mich.), who is faces a GOP primary challenge from conservative Tim Walberg.
At a time when Republicans in Schwarz's 7th District have an opportunity to send him packing and nominate conservative for the general election, Yob decided to stick with the status quo and give his backing to an abortion-rights supporter.
That's not all, says Gary Glenn of the Campaign for Michigan Families. Glenn led the attack Wednesday following Yob's endorsement of Schwarz, citing the one-term congressman's opposition to the Federal Marriage Amendment and his vote in support of Rep. John Conyers' "hate crimes" legislation.
...blurred right into another RINO one today.
Veteran Michigan GOP heavyweight Chuck Yob is back in the saddle, or at least the seat of a carriage.
Gov. Rick Snyder has appointed Yob to the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, a coveted post formerly occupied by Yob in the 1990s.
In 1999, Gov. John Engler decided not to reappoint Yob to the Commission because Yob led a 1998 convention floor coalition pushing for former Grand Rapids U.S. Attorney John Smietanka to get the attorney general nomination. Engler backed Scott Romney in that race and thought his candidacy was the GOP's best chance to head off Democratic AG candidate Jennifer Granholm.
Engler and some others in the party had the crazy notion that Granholm might have higher aspirations.
Niiiiice. I guess it's true that those that play together stay together, and return favors.
The news from the Party Chair isn't anymore inspiring if one has an aversion to RINOs.
Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney is scheduled to speak at the 29th Biennial Mackinac Republican Leadership Conference in September, Michigan GOP Chairman Bobby Schostak said Friday.
"What happens at Mackinac in September will reverberate throughout 2012," Schostak said. "We expect a tremendous national and statewide media presence at the Mackinac Conference. Once again, Mackinac Island will be at the center of national attention extending this conference's rich history of significance."
That's thin. Very thin. Matter of fact, it's so one dimensional that I'd almost go out on a limb with the inkling that the Party has once again chosen its horse already with it being selected by the Yob/Weiser old boy RINO network. Not good.
I really hope that I am completely wrong in what I see. However, when looking at the prospects of an empty handed MI-GOP running against an incumbent Senator with a $3 million dollar warchest, perhaps all this indistinguishable "moderatism" or Democrat-light coming out of Lansing is the root cause for flippantly suggested radio hosts and Canadian born jocks as challengers.
Say it and play it again sports? I cannot take that seriously.
< Right To Work Statistics - Job Creation | Right To Work Statistics - Higher Income! >
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Another Term Of Obama And Stabenow, Anyone? | 2 comments (2 topical, 0 hidden)
I think . . . (none / 0) (#1)
by Kevin Rex Heine on Mon Jun 13, 2011 at 11:35:40 AM EST
. . . that something else may be going on, Scales.
You'll notice that it's been somewhat difficult for the RINO crowd to gain much traction of late in the jockeying for the 2012 GOP presidential nomination, or the 2012 MIGOP senate nomination.
I think that's because people like us are outing all of the RINOs for who they are.
I hope you're right by Corinthian Scales, 06/13/2011 10:26:20 PM EST (none / 0)
+ start
+ here
+ joke
+ Cheboygan
+ just clings on
+ bad nickel
+ RINO day from the not so distant past
+ RINO one today
+ Rick Snyder has appointed Yob
+ play together stay together
+ news from the Party Chair
+ thin
+ Very thin
+ Weiser
+ Also by Corinthian Scales


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text:
Q: Use of MaskedEditExtender with decimal point I am using Ajax extender controls with asp.net 3.5 in particular MaskedEditExtender.
My settinngs are:
Mask = 99.99
InputDirection = RighttoLeft
MaskType = number.
I can't seem to achieve what I want which is to set the focus just to the left of the decimal point. I try both InputDirection RightToLeft and LeftToRight. They both have problematic behavior. The example given by Microsoft on their web site, is close to want I want but I cannot achieve these results.
See http://www.asp.net/ajax/ajaxcontroltoolkit/Samples/MaskedEdit/MaskedEdit.aspx, first example.
Thanks in advance.
Bob

A: I am sorry I am not answering your question directly, but I thought it would be worth mentioning this alternative, which might not exhibit the problem you are having:
http://digitalbush.com/projects/masked-input-plugin/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


College management was very strict. One of our management was very rude. Every student hated him for his such bad behavior and once our juniors made strikes when he hiked semester fee for his own interests. once he was alleged for corruption charges and banished from college.
My college is so good. And i m enjoying our college life. My faculties are so helpfull and the lots up companies is coming for jobs recruitment and pay high scale of salery. My is organies culturul program time to time like robo shasta, robo shocer, robo race and etc. My college campus is very big and beutifull.


text:
Oxford Research Encyclopedias Business and Management
Business Policy and Strategy
Negotiations and Bargaining
Organization Theory
Problem Solving and Creativity
Technology and Innovation Management
https://oxfordre.com/business/browse;jsessionid=C4928CBE5463FC1E3CF3DF2A7B9ADB46?pageSize=20&sort=titlesort&subSite=business
Full Article (224)
Summary (3)
Business Education (17)
Business Policy and Strategy (63)
Human Resource Management (41)
Information Systems (11)
Negotiations and Bargaining (2)
Organization Theory (48)
Organizational Behavior (68)
Problem Solving and Creativity (11)
Research Methods (39)
Technology and Innovation Management (35)
Sort by Title - A to ZTitle - Z to AAuthor - A to ZAuthor - Z to APublished Online Date - Oldest FirstPublished Online Date - Newest First
1234567 ... 1112
Tracey Bretag
Academic integrity is an interdisciplinary concept that provides the foundation for every aspect and all levels of education. The term evokes strong emotions in teachers, researchers, and students—not least because it is usually associated with negative behaviors. When considering academic integrity, the discussion tends to revolve around cheating, plagiarism, dishonesty, fraud, and other academic malpractice and how best to prevent these behaviors. A more productive approach entails a focus on promoting the positive values of honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage (International Center for Academic Integrity, 2013) as the intrinsically motivated drivers for ethical academic practice. Academic integrity is much more than "a student issue" and requires commitment from all stakeholders in the academic community, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, teachers, established researchers, senior managers, policymakers, support staff, and administrators.
Accounting Narratives
Tracey J. Riley and Alex C. Yen
Although accounting is typically seen as a numbers-oriented discipline, with an emphasis on quantifying economic events and activity, the nexus of language and accounting, specifically the role of language in communicating corporate accounting results, has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. This is because quantified accounting results (e.g., earnings per share, sales revenue) are rarely communicated in isolation. Rather, they are usually accompanied by a non-quantitative narrative, such as an earnings press release, a corporate annual report, or the president's letter, which, along with conference calls and content at corporate websites, we collectively refer to as "accounting narratives." These narratives allow management to elaborate on and contextualize the financial performance of the company. However, because they are not as extensively regulated as the financial statements and are not standardized, these narratives can also be used by companies for impression-management purposes, to obfuscate (poor) performance and to "spin" the financial results to the companies' favor. Research into accounting narratives dates back to 1952 and has focused on a wide variety of features of narratives and on how those features affect financial statement readers' (most notably, investors') reactions. The earliest studies focused on accounting narratives' readability by performing a syntactic analysis to assess the cognitive difficulty of written passages. This line of research has found that accounting narratives are syntactically complex and difficult to read and that management intentionally makes bad news less readable in order to strain the readers' cognitive processes and lead to lower comprehension of the bad news. In addition to this evidence of obfuscation, researchers have found support for managers engaging in attributional framing, which is the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to actions within the company and negative outcomes to actions external to the company (e.g., the government or the weather) in an effort to influence readers' perception of good versus bad news. More recently, researchers have found that managers use syntactic (sentence structure), semantic (word meaning), and metasemantic (abstract versus concrete construal) manipulation and make broad stylistic choices such as emphasis, length, and scenario form. In terms of how those features affect the readers of the narratives, readers (most notably, investors) have been shown to respond to length and readability; level of negativity; words pertaining to risk, uncertainty, credibility, commitment, and responsibility; justifications of excuses of poor performance; optimistic and pessimistic tone; vivid versus pallid language; internal versus external attributions; and use of self-references.
The Adaptive Organization and Fast-Slow Systems
Torben Juul Andersen and Carina Antonia Hallin
Contemporary organizations operate under turbulent business conditions and must adapt their strategies to ongoing changes. Sustainable performance can be achieved when the organization engages in interactive processes that link emerging opportunities to forward-looking analytics. But few organizations are able to practice this consistently. Fast processes performed by managers at the frontline respond to ongoing environmental stimuli and slow processes initiated by managers at the center interpret events and reasons about updated strategic actions. Current experiential insights from the fast processes can be aggregated systematically to inform the slow processes of reasoning. When the fast and slow processes interact they can form a dynamic system that adapts organizational activities to changing conditions.
Advances in Team Creativity Research
Lucy L. Gilson, Yuna S. H. Lee, and Robert C. Litchfield
Although creativity research has historically focused on individuals, with more and more employees working in teams, researchers have started to explore the construct of team creativity. Rather than a comprehensive review, this article takes an in-depth look at the most recent team creativity research. To do this, key themes and trends are discussed, which are then tied back to prior reviews, and new avenues for future research are proposed. Team creativity is a challenging construct because it can be conceptualized as both an outcome and a process, and there is no clear definition of either. When considering team creativity as an outcome, research has employed both complex mediation models as well as a more nuanced examination of moderating variables and constructs that may strengthen or attenuate the effects of relationships related to team creativity. This growing avenue of research recognizes the variability in team creativity that is possible in different circumstances and contexts, and seeks to identify what drives different outcomes. These approaches also acknowledge that team creativity is not guaranteed even when enabling conditions are in place, and that other variables may exert forces in different ways. The recognition that team creativity is unlikely to be the simple sum of members' creative processes is becoming very apparent, with researchers examining ways of encouraging, fostering, and sustaining creativity in teams over time. Researchers have also recognized that team creativity is more likely to unfurl over time as a process, rather than a discrete point-in-time event. To this end, the key areas examined are the roles of member diversity and leadership. For diversity, racio-ethno, cultural, gender, age, political orientation, and diversity training have all been examined. For leadership, the focus has shifted away from the more traditional transformational theories and to newer constructs such as humility, ethical and shared leadership, as well as what it means to have an ideational leader who facilitates idea generation. Taken together, what the most recent research tells us is that creativity in teams remains a growing and evolving area of inquiry. While no longer unexplored, much remains to be clarified such as the barriers to effective team creativity, and practices that may help transcend these barriers. A lot of promising areas for future research are highlighted, which will become more important as workplaces pivot toward cultivating team creativity in a systematic and intentional way.
Agency Theory in Business and Management Research
G. Tyge Payne and Oleg V. Petrenko
Agency theory is one the most prominent theoretical perspectives utilized in business and management research. Agency theory argues—using fundamental assumptions that agents are: (a) self-interested, (b) boundedly rational, and (c) different from principals in their goals and risk-taking preferences—that a problem occurs when one party (a principal) employs another (an agent) to make decisions and act in their stead. Essentially, the value of a principal-agent relationship is not optimized because the two contracted parties may have different interests and information is asymmetric (not equal). Agency costs are the result of principal and agent conflicts of interest and disagreements regarding actions that are taken. As such, monitoring and incentive-alignment systems are used to curb costs associated with opportunist behavior. Agency theory is commonly utilized to understand and explain corporate governance phenomena, including executive incentive alignment, board monitoring, and control of top managers; this strand of the literature is founded in economics and represents the bulk of the research in business and management. However, other important principal-agent relationships are commonly seen in business and society, such as with politicians/voters, brokers/investors, and lawyers/clients, and have benefited from the vast stream of research that has explored the principal-agent relationship in various forms and contexts. Also, alternative theoretical perspectives have emerged to accommodate variations of the principal-agent relationship. Namely, principal-principal agency, behavioral agency, and stewardship theories are prominent alternative theories that challenge, expand, or relax the basic assumptions of the classic theory to extend our understanding of important relationships and mechanisms in business and management.
The Antecedents and Outcomes of Heteronormativity in Organizations
Oscar Holmes IV
Despite the term being coined in the early 1990s, heteronormativity is a longstanding and enduring hierarchical social system that identifies heterosexuality as the standard sexuality and normalizes gender-specific behaviors and roles for men, women, and transgender and non-binary individuals. As a system, it defines and enforces beliefs and practices about what is 'normal' in everyday life. Although there are many factors that shape heteronormative beliefs and attitudes, religion, the government, education, and workplaces are the principal macro-level factors that normalize and institutionalize heteronormative beliefs and attitudes. These institutions contribute an outsize influence on the perpetuation of heteronormativity in society because these institutions create and inculcate the norms and standards of what are and are not acceptable values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in our society. As such, in order to create effective interventions to eliminate the negative outcomes of heteronormativity, particular attention should be paid to each of these institutions. Parents, relatives, and other adults contribute to the normalization and institutionalization of heteronormativity at the individual- or micro-level. Although some people benefit from the system of heteronormativity (mainly heterosexual cisgender conforming men), much of the research on heteronormativity focuses on the negative outcomes. Heteronormativity is responsible for a host of pernicious outcomes such as lower self-esteem, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, and greater rates of suicide ideation, verbal and physical abuse, and workplace mistreatment and discrimination. Future research should investigate identify effective micro- and macro-level interventions that could mitigate or eliminate the negative effects of heteronormativity.
Appropriation of Value from Competitive Advantages
Andy El-Zayaty and Russell Coff
Many discussions of the creation and appropriation of value stop at the firm level. Imperfections in the market allow for a firm to gain competitive advantage, thereby appropriating rents from the market. What has often been overlooked is the continued process of appropriation within firms by parties ranging from shareholders to managers to employees. Porter's "five forces" model and the resource-based view of the firm laid out the determinants of value creation at the firm level, but it was left to others to explore the onward distribution of that value. Many strategic management and strategic human capital scholars have explored the manner in which employees and managers use their bargaining power vis-à-vis the firm to appropriate value—sometimes in a manner that may not align with the interests of shareholders. In addition, cooperative game theorists provided unique insights into the way in which parties divide firm surplus among each other. Ultimately, the creation of value is merely the beginning of a complex, multiparty process of bargaining and competition for the rights to claim rents.
A Practice-Based View of Innovation Adoption
Rangapriya Kannan and Paola Perez-Aleman
Innovation adoption is challenging at both intra-organizational and interorganizational levels. Several decades of innovation adoption research have identified various barriers at both levels. Intra-organizational barriers are often related to the characteristics of the innovation, adopters, managers, environment, and ecosystem but can also include an incompatibility with an organization's strategy, structural impediments, organizational resource constraints, a lack of fit of the innovation with an organizational culture and climate, decision making challenges, a lack of integration with an organization's knowledge management, human resource management practices, dynamic capabilities, and active innovation resistance from customers. Interorganizational barriers include uncertainty with learning and implementation, the distributed nature of the innovation process, differences in production systems, disparities in regulatory systems, variation within local contexts, and the nature of embedded knowledge adopted in diverse organizational contexts. One of the key missing aspects in understanding innovation adoption is how extant practices within an organizational or interorganizational context enhance or hinder innovation adoption. Although the practices of innovation adoption emerge and evolve dynamically, existing research does not highlight fine-grained practices that lead to its success or failure. A practice lens focuses on people's recurrent actions and helps to understand social life as an ongoing production that results from these actions. The durability of practices results from the reciprocal interactions between agents and structures that are embedded within daily routines. A practice lens allows us to study practices from three different perspectives. The first perspective, empirically explores how people act in organizational contexts. The second, a theoretical focus investigates the structure of organizational life. This perspective also delves into the relations between the actions that people take over time and in varying contexts. Finally, the third perspective which is a philosophical one focuses on how practices reproduce organizational reality. By focusing on the unfolding of constellations of everyday activities in relation to other practices within and across time and space, a practice lens hones in on everyday actions. Everyday actions are consequential in producing the structural contours of social life. A practice lens emphasizes what people do repeatedly and how those repetitive actions impact the social world. A practice theory lens also challenges the assumption that things are separable and independent. Instead, it focuses on relationality of mutual constitution to understand how one aspect of the issue creates another aspect. Relationality of mutual constitution is the notion that things such as identities, ideas, institutions, power, and material goods take on meaning only when they are enacted through practices instead of these being innate features of these things Focusing on duality forces us to address the assumptions that underlie the separation. A practice perspective on innovation adoption highlights the concepts of duality, dynamics, reciprocal interactions, relationality, and distributed agency to inform both the theory and practice of innovation adoption. Understanding these concepts enables a practice lens for successful adoption of innovations that impact organizational and societal outcomes, such as economic development, productivity enhancement, entrepreneurship, sustainability, equity, health, and other economic, social, and environmental changes.
A Researcher's Toolkit for Observational Methods
Michael G. Pratt and Gabriel R. Sala
Central to all empirical research—in particular, inductive qualitative field research—observations can provide core insights to work practices, the physical or material elements of organizations, and the integrity of research informants. Yet management research has devoted less attention to observations than it has to other methods. Hence, providing resources and guidance to current and aspiring researchers as to what constitutes observations and how to tackle key questions that must be addressed in designing and implementing observations is key. Observing, as pertains to research, can be defined as a method that involves using one's senses, guided by one's attention, to gather information on, for example, (a) what people are doing (acts, activities, events); (b) where they are doing it (location); and (c) what they are doing it with (objects), over a period of time. Once researchers have determined they want to engage in observation, they have to make several decisions. First, they have to figure out whether observation is a good fit with their study and research question(s). If so, various other choices must be made with regard to degree of revelation, degree of immersion, time in the field, and how to be present in the research context, and still more choices follow. Researchers need to decide when to start (and stop) observing as well as how to observe, record, and report their findings. The article provides a decision-tree model of observational methods to guide researchers through these various choices.
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Research
Martin Obschonka and Christian Fisch
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are intensively shaping businesses and the economy as a whole, and AI-related research is exploding in many domains of business and management research. In contrast, AI has received relatively little attention within the domain of entrepreneurship research, while many entrepreneurship scholars agree that AI will likely shape entrepreneurship research in deep, disruptive ways. When summarizing both the existing entrepreneurship literature on AI and potential avenues for future research, the growing relevance of AI for entrepreneurship research manifests itself along two dimensions. First, AI applications in the real world establish a distinct research topic (e.g., whether and how entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ventures use and develop AI-based technologies, or how AI can function as an external enabler that generates and enhances entrepreneurial outcomes). In other words, AI is changing the research object in entrepreneurship research. The second dimension refers to drawing on AI-based research methods, such as big data techniques or AI-based forecasting methods. Such AI-based methods open several avenues for researchers to gain new, influential insights into entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ventures that are more difficult to assess using traditional methods. In other words, AI is changing the research methods. Given that, so far, human intelligence could not fully uncover and comprehend the secrets behind the entrepreneurial process that is so deeply embedded in uncertainty and opportunity, AI-supported research methods might achieve new breakthrough discoveries. We conclude that the field needs to embrace AI as a topic and research method more enthusiastically while maintaining the essential research standards and scientific rigor that guarantee the field's well-being, reputation, and impact.
The Arts and the Art and Science of Management Teaching
Joan V. Gallos
The arts have played a major role in the development of management theory, practice, and education; and artists' competencies like creativity, inventiveness, aesthetic appreciation, and a design mindset are increasingly vital for individual and organizational success in a competitive global world. The arts have long been used in teaching to: (a) explore human nature and social structures; (b) facilitate cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral growth; (c) translate theory into action; (d) provide opportunities for professional development; and (e) enhance individual and systemic creativity and capacities for change. Use of literature and films are curricular mainstays. A review of the history of the arts in management teaching and learning illustrates how the arts have expanded our ways of knowing and defining managerial and leadership effectiveness—and the competencies and training necessary for them. The scholarship of management teaching is large, primarily 'how-to' teaching designs and the assessments of them. There is a clear need to expand the research on how and why the arts are and can be used more effectively to educate professionals, enable business growth and new product development, facilitate collaboration and team building, and bring innovative solutions to complex ideas. Research priorities include: the systematic assessments of the state of arts-based management teaching and learning; explorations of stakeholder attitudes and of environmental forces contributing to current educational models and practices; analyses of the learning impact of various pedagogical methods and designs; examining the unique role of the arts in professional education and, especially, in teaching for effective action; mining critical research from education, psychology, creativity studies, and other relevant disciplines to strengthen management teaching and learning; and probing how to teach complex skills like innovative thinking and creativity. Research on new roles and uses for the arts provide a foundation for a creative revisiting of 21st-century management education and training.
Arts Entrepreneurship: Education, Theory, and Practice
There are no clear definitions of entrepreneurship and art. It is therefore difficult to explain and theorize arts entrepreneurship education. Here, what artists think about these issues in the United States, India, and Mexico is explored. Suggestions made by artists were examined and included in the proposed arts entrepreneurship education theory. Artists stated that they do experience lack of business skills that arts entrepreneurship education can help them acquire. These business and aesthetic skill sets are needed to make a living as an artist. The Coleman Fellows Program provided an opportunity to test the arts entrepreneurship theory constructs being proposed. The results from these tests are included the article. The 2017 annual Strategic National Arts Alumni study reported that artists continue to suffer from several skill gaps. Of these, financial, business management, and entrepreneurship skills were identified as the main gaps that continue to plague artists. This is troubling because numerous educational and training efforts have been underway to address these and other skill gaps since at least the early 2000s. However, they have not closed these skill gaps. A modified arts entrepreneurship education theory is proposed in order to do so. Artists who acquire these skills should have a higher probability of success making a living practicing their art form. The article proposes three arts entrepreneurship education theory constructs, namely collaborative pedagogies utilizing the modules infusion method, entrepreneurial universities where these pedagogies can be tested and improved, and effectively managing the commodification of arts. Supporting evidence is provided for the three constructs, along with examples of the modules of entrepreneurship content for infusion. Implications and recommendations for future arts entrepreneurship education programs are provided and discussed.
Assessing the State of Top Management Teams Research
Steven A. Stewart and Allen C. Amason
Since the earliest days of strategic management research, scholars have sought to measure and model the effects of top managers on organizational performance. A watershed moment in this effort came with the 1984 introduction of Hambrick and Mason's upper echelon view and their contention that firms are a reflection of their top management teams (TMT). An explosion of research followed and hundreds, if not thousands, of manuscripts have since been published on the subject. While a number of excellent reviews of this extensive literature exist, a relative few have asked questions about the overall state and future of the field. We undertook this assessment in an effort to answer some key questions. Are we still making progress on the big questions that gave rise to the upper echelon view, or have we reached a point of diminishing returns with this stream of research? If we are at an inflection point, what are the issues that should drive future inquiry about top management teams?
Assessment for Learning in Management Education: A Practical Perspective
Good assessment and feedback are essential for high student achievement, retention, and satisfaction in contemporary higher education, and adopting a fit-for-purpose approach that emphasizes assessment for learning can have a significant impact, but it is a complex and highly nuanced process so needs careful and research-informed design principles. Here the crucial importance of assessment in contemporary higher education pedagogy is considered, the key principles of good assessment are reviewed, and some suggestions are made for a framework to effectively interrogate individual practice with a view to continuous improvement. Additionally, different means of offering feedback can help students to get the measure of their learning and point them toward future enhancement strategies but must be achieved in ways that are manageable for all stakeholders. Taxing questions are provided here for use by curriculum designers and all those who deliver and assess it enabling them to draw together key issues into a workable framework for assessment enhancement.
A Stakeholder Perspective: Origins and Core Concepts
Pernille Eskerod
Organizations (whether they are permanent or temporary) have stakeholders, that is, individuals and groups that can affect or be affected by the organization's activities and achievements. Assuming that the fundamental driver of value creation is stakeholder relationships, managing those relationships well is a prerequisite for obtaining and sustaining success in all businesses, regardless of the success measures applied. Therefore, applying a stakeholder perspective is of significant importance for any manager or entrepreneur. However, the essentials as well as the implications of applying such a perspective are not clear. Researchers and practitioners have offered many contributions, however, the existing literature is inconclusive. To provide clarity, stakeholder concepts (e.g. stakeholder definition, systems perspective, separation thesis, stakeholder analysis, stakeholder engagement, perception of fairness, stakeholder utility function, stakeholder salience, stakeholder disaggregation, stakeholder multiplicity, managing for stakeholders, Value Creation Stakeholder Theory, value destruction, shadows of the context) are defined and 15 propositions for further inquiry are offered. The Scandinavian and American origins of stakeholder thinking are presented. The propositions are intended to invite discussion—and could form the basis for future research questions as well as provide guidance for managers. By drawing on (a) Professor Eric Rhenman, who in the 1960s first proposed an explicit theoretical framework on stakeholder thinking; (b) Professor R. Edward Freeman, who has been the most influential contributor to the field; and (c) additional, selected contributions, the aim is to providevalue for both new and seasoned researchers as well as for managers, consultants, and educators. In order to give the reader the opportunity to self-assess and interpret the "raw data," the text is rich on citations.
Aversive Racism: Foundations, Impact, and Future Directions
Audrey Murrell
The concept of aversive racism has had a significant impact on theory, research, and practice devoted to better understanding bias, discrimination, and persistent disparities based on social identity group such as race, gender, social class, and so on. Originally developed to better explain subtle forms of bias toward racial and minoritized groups, this concept has been extended to understand the impact of disparities in a range of diverse settings, such as intergroup relations, health outcomes, fairness in employment setting, intergroup conflict, educational outcomes, racial bias in policing, experiences of stress and mental health issues, and persistent economic disparities. A core facet of the aversive framework paradigm is that because of human biases that are deeply rooted within a historical context and reinforced by ongoing societal ideologies, unintentional and subtle forms of discrimination emerge and persist. Given that these subtle forms of bias and discrimination exist within otherwise well-intentioned individuals, strategies to eliminate them require understanding the complexity of the aversive racism phenomenon in order to develop effective social interventions. This article reviews the foundation, research, and impact of this important body of work. In addition, the concept of aversive racism is discussed in connection to emerging research on microaggressions and unconscious (implicit) bias in order to create a more integrated framework that can shape future research and applications. Lastly, practical implications for organizations and future directions are explored, such as using social identity as a theoretical lens, including global perspectives on intergroup bias and leveraging emerging work on intersectionality, as useful perspectives to extend the aversive racism framework. Setting a future agenda for research and practice related to aversive racism is key to greater understanding of how to reduce intergroup bias and discrimination through interventions that cut across traditional academic and discipline boundaries as one approach to create meaningful and long-lasting social impact.
Board Interlocks and Diversification Strategies
The board of directors serves multiple corporate governance functions, including monitoring management, providing oversight on strategic issues, and linking the organization to the broader external environment. Researchers have become increasingly interested in board interlocks and how content transmitted via these linkages shapes firm outcomes, such as corporate structure and strategies. As influential mechanisms to manage environmental uncertainty and facilitate information exchange, Board interlocks are created by directors who are affiliated with more than one firm via employment or board service and allow the board to capture a diversity of strategic experiences. One critical corporate decision that may be influenced by interlocks and strategic diffusion is diversification (i.e., in which products and markets to compete). Directors draw on their own experiences with diversification strategies at other firms to help guide and manage ongoing strategic decision-making. There is broad scholarship on interlocks and the individuals who create them, with extant research reporting that some firms are more likely to imitate or learn from their interlock partners than others. Prior findings suggest that the conditions under which information is transmitted via interlock, such as an individual director's experience with diversification strategies at other firms, may make that information more influential to the focal firm's own strategic decision-making related to diversification. A more holistic framework captures factors related to the individual interlocking director, the board and firm overall and the context surrounding these linkages and relationships, helping to promote future research. Understanding the social context surrounding board interlocks offers opportunities to more deeply examine how these interconnections serve in pursuit of the board's fundamental purpose of protecting shareholder investment from managerial self-interest. Overall, integrating multi-level factors will offer new insights into the influence of board interlocks on firm strategies on both sides of the partnership. Expanding knowledge of how inter-firm linkages transmit knowledge influential to board decision-making can also improve our understanding of board effectiveness and corporate governance.
Bootstrapping: Complementary Lines of Inquiry in Entrepreneurship
Matthew Rutherford and Duygu Phillips
Bootstrapping is a term, a construct, and a paradigm that has attracted substantial attention from both popular press writers and scholarly researchers. In the scholarly community bootstrapping research is concerned, broadly, with studying the phenomenon of startups in resource poor environments. While this would describe virtually all startups, bootstrapping is most focused upon those resource-starved startups that elected to use only the resources existing internally to the firm or founder(s). That is, in bootstrapped firms, no financing has been attained from individuals or entities outside the firm. In practice, bootstrapping is understood as (a) launching a business with no external debt or equity, and (b) finding creative ways to manage a business launched with no external debt or equity. Most entrepreneurs bootstrap at founding. It is estimated that few (20%) take on external debt at startup; and far fewer (5%) launch with external equity. Examples of techniques employed because of the decision to bootstrap include using credit cards, drawing upon home equity and sweat equity, taking loans from family, and investing salary from one's "day job." There are fundamental reasons for this, both from a demand side and a supply side. From the demand side entrepreneurs, on average, are autonomous and therefore have a preference for control and a general aversion to external forms of capital, both debt and equity. On the supply side, because of extreme asymmetric information that exists between financiers and entrepreneurs, financiers often cannot accurately gauge the underlying quality of the entrepreneur/venture and are therefore reluctant to provide capital to them. With regard to outcomes of bootstrapping, though, the research is equivocal. Ceteris paribus, it appears that there is no significant difference in performance between bootstrappers and non-bootstrappers; however, contingencies likely exist. For example, non-bootstrappers are likely more prone to failure because they often take more risks. Therefore, while a few heavily financed ventures may achieve lofty success, many fail in dramatic fashion. By contrast, bootstrappers are often more cautious and therefore these firms demonstrate less variance in outcomes. Understanding of both antecedents and outcomes of bootstrapping has grown since the introduction of the construct in the late 1980s. Because of this expanded understanding, the construct has evolved from phenomenological roots to one more grounded in theory. That said, there remain ambiguities around bootstrapping, not the least of which is the existence of myriad definitions and resultant operationalizations. Partially because of these varied conceptualizations, the scholarship on bootstrapping has been somewhat fragmented and challenging to decipher. This fragmented accumulation has led to not only a literature with vivid applications and examples, but also one with little universal logic. This fact has made it somewhat difficult for a field to advance. However, insights from existing theory (e.g., signaling, cultural entrepreneurship) as well as the relatively recent development of closely related bases (e.g., effectuation, bricolage) can complement and advance bootstrapping by adding theoretical breadth and depth. When understood alongside these related lines of research in entrepreneurship, researchers are better equipped to create, catalog, and accumulate knowledge regarding bootstrapping. In turn, educators will be more effective in communicating how entrepreneurs are able to launch in resource poor environments, and ultimately achieve success.
Bureaucracy to Postbureaucracy: The Consequences of Political Failures
Mallory E. Compton and Kenneth J. Meier
Pathologies inherent in democratic political systems have consequences for bureaucracy, and they need to be examined. Limited in time, resources, and expertise, elected officials turn to bureaucratic institutions to carry out policy goals but all too often give public agencies too little support or too few resources to implement them effectively. In response to the challenges imposed by politics, public agencies have sought organizational solutions. Bureaucracies facing shortages of material resources, clear goals, representation of minority interests, or public trust have in recent decades adopted less hierarchical structures, exploited networks and privatization, and taken a representative role. In other words, the evolution of postbureaucratic governance institutions is in part a consequence of political incentives. Efforts to diagnose and resolve many of the shortcomings attributed to bureaucracy therefore require an accounting of the political processes shaping the context in which public managers and bureaucrats operate.
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Company founder Andrew Tart started his career at a British Leyland garage and was later the director and majority shareholder of Classic Motor Cars, the premier Jaguar restoration business based in Bridgnorth, Shropshire.
Motor sport engineer, specialising in 1950s-60s racing cars of all kinds.
Responsible for numerous successes and championship wins.


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Home > News > Stories > CPE's Academic Leadership Development Institute kicking off another successful year
CPE's Academic Leadership Development Institute kicking off another successful year
The Academic Leadership Development Institute (ALDI) has launched a second year of professional development sessions to prepare a group of 17 minority faculty and staff members for leadership roles in Kentucky higher education.
ALDI – a program sponsored by the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education – is providing a series of highly-interactive sessions and small group seminars led by faculty and administrators from across Kentucky and other states. The goal is to create a learning community of early career, underrepresented minority faculty and staff who are on track for professional advancement.
Dr. Dawn Offutt, director of Initiatives for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the Council, is facilitating the program with her team.
This year's cohort consists of 17 professionals – six from Kentucky's four-year institutions and 11 from institutions in the Kentucky Community and Technical College System. Institutional leaders nominated candidates for the yearlong initiative based on their leadership ability, interest in advancement, and dedication to higher education. Participants cannot have previous administrative experience.
CPE President Aaron Thompson (center) with members of the Academic Leadership Development Institute
With a theme of "In the KNOW" (Knowledge for Next-level Opportunities in the Workplace), the 2020 ALDI program will consist of four sessions.
The first session, held in March at the University of Kentucky, focused on "Know Yourself." It included:
A workshop with CPE President Dr. Aaron Thompson on effective and dynamic leadership.
A panel discussion featuring Dr. Sonja Feist-Price, University of Kentucky's vice president for institutional diversity; Dr. Palisa Williams Rushin, Bluegrass Community and Technical College's vice president of student development and enrollment management; and Dr. Linda Strong-Leek, provost for Berea College.
A keynote address from Dr. John Inazu, author of the book "Confident Pluralism" and professor of law and religion at Washington University in St. Louis.
Participants also completed a personality assessment to discover how their personality styles affect how and whom they lead.
"I learned a lot about what leadership truly is," one participant said after the session. "I learned more about myself in terms of personality and what kind of leader I want to be."
Another said, "be prepared and purposeful in achieving your goals in case you are tapped on the shoulder for leadership. Be ready!"
In 2019, the Lumina Foundation awarded a $50,000 grant to the Council to aid efforts in closing Kentucky's achievement gaps as outlined in the statewide diversity policy.
These efforts include implementing the Academic Leadership Development Institute as well as facilitating the Cultural Competence Certification Workgroup, which is developing a minimum set of standards and knowledge requirements that all faculty, staff and students in Kentucky's colleges and universities would be expected to possess to demonstrate cultural competence.
Lumina is an independent, private foundation in Indianapolis that is committed to making opportunities for learning beyond high school available to all.


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Name: gcbodie -- Bodie-Antle Family Tree
Updated: 03-16-2020 23:03:35. Owner: Glen Bodie
Robert Charles Bodie was born 4 AUG 1893 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 22 MAR 1959 in on board the Hikawa Maru. He married Muriel Alice Thorne on 3 OCT 1923 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He was the son of Charles Alexander Bodie and Ann Law.
Search for Robert Charles Bodie in Fold3 World War I and World War II Records
Search for Robert Charles Bodie in Newspapers
Charles Alexander Bodie was born 20 JUL 1865 in Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 13 DEC 1926 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He was buried 16 DEC 1926 in Burnaby, BC, Canada. He was the son of Charles Bodie and Isabel(la) Smith.
Ann Law was born 22 OCT 1860 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 7 AUG 1947 in West Vancouver, BC, Canada. She was buried 11 AUG 1947 in Burnaby, BC, Canada. She was the daughter of Robert Law and Ann Rennie.
Children of Ann /Law/ and Charles Alexander /Bodie/ are:
Isabella-Ann Bodie was born 14 MAY 1891 in Scotland, and died 10 DEC 1971 in Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Robert Charles Bodie was born 4 AUG 1893 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 22 MAR 1959 in on board the Hikawa Maru. He married Muriel Alice Thorne on 3 OCT 1923 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. She was born 7 MAY 1899 in Vancouver, BC, Canada, and died 5 OCT 1978 in Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Jane Law Bodie was born 1 OCT 1894 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 14 NOV 1982 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. She married Richard Roland Brown on 1 OCT 1921 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He was born AUG 1894 in Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Edward John Bodie was born 4 JUN 1896 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 1897.
Helena Bodie was born 25 NOV 1897 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 1982. She married Arnold Watt Whitmore on 31 AUG 1922 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He died BEF 1961.
Charles Bodie was born 16 OCT 1833 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died ABT 2 JUN 1902 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland. He was the son of Charles Bodie and Agnes Walker.
Isabel(la) Smith was born 5 SEP 1837 in Rosyburn, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1890. She was the daughter of Alexander Smith and Helen Dow.
Children of Isabel(la) /Smith/ and Charles /Bodie/ are:
Charles Alexander Bodie was born 20 JUL 1865 in Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 13 DEC 1926 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He married Ann Law on 17 JUN 1890 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 22 OCT 1860 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 7 AUG 1947 in West Vancouver, BC, Canada. She was buried 11 AUG 1947 in Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Samuel Bodie was born 15 SEP 1866 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland, and died MAY 1939. He married Catherine Cocker on 19 APR 1899 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born 1860, and died 15 JAN 1939 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Agnes Bodie was born 11 SEP 1868 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland.
Helen Isabella Bodie was born 22 OCT 1870 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland.
John Bodie was born 24 JUL 1873 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland.
Robert Law was born ABT 1824 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 12 FEB 1906. He was buried in St Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was the son of John Law and Elizabeth Machray.
Ann Rennie was born 1829 in Laverockbrae near Bridge of Don, Old Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 25 FEB 1866. She was buried in St Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was the daughter of Alexander Rennie and Isabel Johnston.
Children of Ann /Rennie/ and Robert /Law/ are:
Alexander Law was born 13 APR 1850 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 1936. He married Sophia Meldrum on 30 JUN 1874 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 31 MAR 1853 in King Edward Parish, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 6 SEP 1894 in Aberdeen, Scotland.
Robert Law was born 18 JUL 1851, and died 1906 in Shanghai, China. He married Person Not Viewable .
Jessie-Ann Law was born 15 APR 1856 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
John Law was born 24 JUL 1858 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 15 JUL 1868.
Ann Law was born 22 OCT 1860 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 7 AUG 1947 in West Vancouver, BC, Canada. She married Charles Alexander Bodie on 17 JUN 1890 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born 20 JUL 1865 in Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 13 DEC 1926 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He was buried 16 DEC 1926 in Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Donaldson Riddell Law was born 1 APR 1863 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 25 DEC 1939. He married Person Not Viewable .
Margaret Elizabeth Law was born 16 OCT 1865 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Person Not Viewable .
Charles Bodie was born ABT 1810 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1874. He was the son of Alexander Bodie and Janet Mackie.
Agnes Walker was born 30 JUL 1805 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1893. She was the daughter of Alexander Walker and Elisabeth Hunter.
Children of Agnes /Walker/ and Charles /Bodie/ are:
William Bodie was born 7 DEC 1831 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Margaret Murphy on 14 JUN 1860 in Banff, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born 1841 in Banff, Banffshire, Scotland.
Charles Bodie was born 16 OCT 1833 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died ABT 2 JUN 1902 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland. He married Jane Murray on 11 JAN 1893 in Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born 21 DEC 1852 in Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland.
Elizabeth Bodie was born 15 JUL 1835 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Person Not Viewable .
Margaret Bodie was born 11 OCT 1837 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Person Not Viewable .
Jane Bodie was born 9 MAY 1840 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married John Gray on 21 JAN 1865 in Culsalmond, Aberdeen, Scotland. He was born ABT 1837.
James Bodie was born 15 AUG 1842 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Mary Bodie was born 10 OCT 1846 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Person Not Viewable .
John Bodie was born 17 DEC 1849 in Burgh Muir, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Margaret Mann on 26 DEC 1874 in Fyvie, Aberdeen, Scotland. She was born ABT 1851 in Fyvie, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Alexander Smith was born FROM 1797 TO 1801, and died 14 FEB 1867 in Brigshillock Croft, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland. He was the son of Person Not Viewable and Person Not Viewable .
Helen Dow was born FROM 1796 TO 1801 in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 29 OCT 1892 in Aberdeen, Scotland. She was the daughter of Harry Dow and Helen Watt.
Children of Helen /Dow/ and Alexander /Smith/ are:
William Smith was born 23 DEC 1831 in Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 3 JUN 1863 in Ordiquhill, Banffshire, Scotland. He married Margaret Rose on 8 MAY 1856 in North Burreldales, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born ABT 1837 in Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland.
Alexander Smith was born 10 JAN 1834 in Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Isabella Watt on 14 AUG 1857 in Fordyce, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born 29 MAY 1838 in Portsoy, Fordyce, Banffshire, Scotland.
Peter Smith was born 22 OCT 1835 in Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Isabel(la) Smith was born 5 SEP 1837 in Rosyburn, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1890. She married Charles Bodie on 20 OCT 1864 in Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland. He was born 16 OCT 1833 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died ABT 2 JUN 1902 in Aberchirder, Marnoch, Banffshire, Scotland.
Anne Smith was born 14 JUN 1839 in Rosyburn, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland.
James Smith was born 29 MAY 1841 in Rosyburn, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland.
John Law was born ABT 1779 in Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was the son of ? Law and ? ?.
Elizabeth Machray was born ABT 1772 in Garlogie, Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was the daughter of Alexander Machray and Elspet Marr.
Children of Elizabeth /Machray/ and John /Law/ are:
John Law was born ABT 1804 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Ann Mutch on 30 MAY 1829 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born ABT 1811 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
George Law was born ABT 1806 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Person Not Viewable .
Annie Law was born ABT 1811 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married William Murray on 23 JUL 1831 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1811 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
James Law was born ABT 1813 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Elizabeth Law was born ABT 1818 in Aberdeen, Scotland. She married Alexander Lyon on 29 JUN 1842 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born 7 NOV 1817 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Margaret Law was born ABT 1820 in Aberdeen, Scotland. She married Person Not Viewable .
Robert Law was born ABT 1824 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 12 FEB 1906. He married Jane Taylor on 5 JUN 1867 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 15 OCT 1837 in King Edward Parish, New Byth, Scotland, and died 17 FEB 1918. She was buried in St Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alexander Rennie was born ABT 1796 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was the son of Alexander Renny and Jean Manson.
Isabel Johnston was born 22 MAY 1801 in Cairnie by Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was the daughter of James Johnston and Mary Thompson.
Children of Isabel /Johnston/ and Alexander /Rennie/ are:
Alexander Rennie was born 18 DEC 1820.
James Rennie was born 11 OCT 1822.
Isobel Rennie was born 17 JUL 1825.
George Rennie was born 30 JUN 1827.
Ann Rennie was born 1829 in Laverockbrae near Bridge of Don, Old Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 25 FEB 1866. She married Robert Law on 14 JUN 1849 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1824 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 12 FEB 1906. He was buried in St Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Charles Rennie was born ABT 1832 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
John Rennie was born 9 DEC 1833 in Don Bridge, Old Machar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Agnes Rennie was born 30 MAR 1836 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Janet Rennie was born 8 SEP 1839 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alexander Bodie was born ABT 1770 in Scotland, and died 26 OCT 1838 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was buried in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was the son of William Boddie and ? ?.
Janet Mackie was born 1781 in Fyvie, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 18 MAY 1853 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was buried in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was the daughter of ? Mackie and ? ?.
Children of Janet /Mackie/ and Alexander /Bodie/ are:
Alexander Boddie was born ABT 1808, and died 9 JAN 1885 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Lillias Duff Black on 26 JUL 1845 in Gamrie, Banffshire, Scotland. She was born ABT 1824 in Gamrie, Banffshire, Scotland, and died 17 APR 1887 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Charles Bodie was born ABT 1810 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1874. He married Agnes Walker on 27 NOV 1830 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 30 JUL 1805 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1893.
Margaret Bodie was born 1811 in Scotland, and died 11 OCT 1880 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Robert Niven on 27 NOV 1828 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born 1804 in Scotland, and died 20 NOV 1867 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was buried in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Mary Bodie was born ABT 1815, and died 5 SEP 1893. She married William Thom on 9 DEC 1834 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born 1812, and died 8 DEC 1890.
James Bodie was born ABT 1818.
William Bodie was born BET 1820 AND 1823 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1897. He married Jane Carnegie on 12 DEC 1850 in Turriff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born BET 1819 AND 1823 in King Edward Parish, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 4 NOV 1897 in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alexander Walker .
Elisabeth Hunter was born 1773, and died 5 JUL 1853. She was buried 1853 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Children of Elisabeth /Hunter/ and Alexander /Walker/ are:
Mary Walker was born 6 FEB 1801 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married William Sivewright on 21 MAY 1826 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born 2 AUG 1792 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 1871 in Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Margaret Walker was born 10 SEP 1802 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alexander Walker was born 2 APR 1804 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Agnes Walker was born 30 JUL 1805 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1893. She married Charles Bodie on 27 NOV 1830 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1810 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1874.
Robert Walker was born 14 FEB 1810 in Whitewell, Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 8 FEB 1891. He married Mary Reid on 29 JUN 1839 in Chapel of Garioch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 1808, and died 16 MAR 1895.
John Walker was born 1812, and died 7 MAY 1854.
Harry Dow .
Helen Watt .
Children of Helen /Watt/ and Harry /Dow/ are:
Ann Dow was born 1802 OR 1803 in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 5 MAY 1886. She married George Clarke on 19 JAN 1823 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1800 in Udny, Banffshire, Scotland.
James Dow was born 31 MAY 1811 in Kennethmont, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 30 JAN 1889 in Crimmond, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Isabella Mitchell on 1 JUL 1858 in Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born ABT 1824 in Alford, Scotland, and died 4 JUN 1898 in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Helen Dow was born FROM 1796 TO 1801 in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 29 OCT 1892 in Aberdeen, Scotland. She married Alexander Smith. He was born FROM 1797 TO 1801, and died 14 FEB 1867 in Brigshillock Croft, Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland.
John Dow. He married Jean Horn on 26 APR 1836. She was born 10 MAY 1810 in Insch, Scotland.
? Law .
? ? .
Children of ? /?/ and ? /Law/ are:
John Law was born ABT 1779 in Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Elizabeth Machray. She was born ABT 1772 in Garlogie, Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
James Law was born ABT 1780 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Elizabeth Chesser on 20 SEP 1806 in St Nicholas Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born ABT 1783 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died BEF 1851.
David Lawdied BEF 1841. He married Mary Moffat on 14 JAN 1813 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was born 11 MAR 1793 in Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland.
Alexander Machray was born in Mean-Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was buried 31 JUL 1785 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was the son of Thomas Machray and Mary Aberdein.
Elspet Marr . She was buried 1 MAY 1782 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Children of Elspet /Marr/ and Alexander /Machray/ are:
Elizabeth Machray was born ABT 1772 in Garlogie, Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married John Law. He was born ABT 1779 in Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Person Not Viewable . He/She married Person Not Viewable .
James Machray was born in Netherton, Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and died 29 JAN 1836 in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Jean Kemp. She died 14 AUG 1820 in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was buried in Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alexander Renny .
Jean Manson .
Children of Jean /Manson/ and Alexander /Renny/ are:
Alexander Rennie was born ABT 1796 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Isabel Johnston on 22 JAN 1820 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 22 MAY 1801 in Cairnie by Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
James Johnston .
Mary Thompson .
Children of Mary /Thompson/ and James /Johnston/ are:
Isabel Johnston was born 22 MAY 1801 in Cairnie by Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Alexander Rennie on 22 JAN 1820 in Old Machar Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1796 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
William Boddie .
Children of ? /?/ and William /Boddie/ are:
Alexander Bodie was born ABT 1770 in Scotland, and died 26 OCT 1838 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Janet Mackie on 19 DEC 1807 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was born 1781 in Fyvie, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 18 MAY 1853 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She was buried in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
? Mackie .
Children of ? /?/ and ? /Mackie/ are:
Janet Mackie was born 1781 in Fyvie, Aberdeen, Scotland, and died 18 MAY 1853 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. She married Alexander Bodie on 19 DEC 1807 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was born ABT 1770 in Scotland, and died 26 OCT 1838 in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was buried in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Margaret Mackie was born ABT 1791 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Thomas Machray was born in Monsful, Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Mary Aberdein was born ABT 1704 in Montrose, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Children of Mary /Aberdein/ and Thomas /Machray/ are:
Alexander Machray was born in Mean-Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He married Elspet Marr on 3 JAN 1757 in Banchory Devenick, Kincardineshire, Scotland. She . She was buried 1 MAY 1782 in Skene, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.


Easy Cake Lovin' are short installments of Susan's best kept tricks, tips, and cake hacks set to a fun retro 70s vibe! Join Susan and her circa 70s easy bake oven while she teaches you how to get rid of air bubbles in your fondant. You can either wait to poke-out air bubbles from a finished cake OR use this nifty trick to get those pesky air bubbles out from the start. I know what we would choose!
~Perfectly Levelled Cakes~ Susan's tricks, tips, and cake hacks with a retro 70s vibe!
~ Room-Temperature Eggs ~ Susan's tricks, tips, and cake hacks with a retro 70s vibe!


Yes it's a full moon again, and maybe this is the man in the moon. Or maybe a blow-up doll in a suit. I can't decide. Can you ?
Heavily textured using a fork - this is a piece of whimsy.
Acrylic on ready to hang box canvas.
This artwork is sold and shipped to you by Steve Clement-Large, and will be packaged in a cardboard box. Artworks are dispatched within 2 working days from United Kingdom.


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Main Image: Gabrielle Union. Image via The Movie Database. Jump to Copyright Notice
Gabrielle Monique Union (born October 29, 1972) is an American actress and former model. Among her notable roles is as the cheerleader opposite Kirsten Dunst in the film Bring it On. Union starred opposite Will Smith and Martin Lawrence in the blockbuster film Bad Boys II and played a medical doctor in the CBS drama Series City of Angels. She starred with LL Cool J and Meagan Good in Deliver Us from Eva in 2003. Union was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Theresa and Sylvester Union. At the age of eight, her family moved to Pleasanton, California, where she grew up and attended Foothill High School. In high school, Union was an all-star point guard in basketball and a year-round athlete, also playing in soccer and running track. She went on to the University of Nebraska before moving on to Cuesta College. She eventually transferred to UCLA and earned a degree in sociology. While studying there, she interned at the Judith Fontaine Modeling & Talent Agency to earn extra academic credits
Read more about Gabrielle Union
Main Image: Gabrielle Union. Image via The Movie Database.
The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar
Nala (voice)
The Birth Of A Nation
Think Like a Man Too
Miss Dial
Long Story Caller
In Our Nature
Half the Sky: Turning Oppression Into Opportunity for Women Worldwide
Cadillac Records
Geneva Wade
Nr.3- Kulturoffizierin
The Perfect Holiday
Daddy's Little Girls
Carmel Boxer
Det. Cris Romano
Running with Scissors
Say Uncle
Elise Carter
Alice Kramden
Neo Ned
Something the Lord Made
Clara Thomas
Breakin' All the Rules
Hustle & Heat
Masked Woman
Sydney 'Syd' Burnett
Cradle 2 the Grave
Deliver Us from Eva
Evangeline 'Eva' Dandrige
Amanda Luttrell
Welcome to Collinwood
Two Can Play That Game
Conny Spalding
The Brothers
Denise Johnson
H-E Double Hockey Sticks
She's All That
Born 1972-10-29 (49 years ago) in Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Find out more about Gabrielle Union
IMDb Netflix The Movie Database
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special (Being Mary Jane)
45th NAACP Image Awards 2014 Being Mary Jane
Black Reel Award for Best Ensemble (Cadillac Records)
2008 Cadillac Records
Young Hollywood Award for 'One To Watch' - Female
2001 Young Hollywood Awards 2001
BET Award for Best Actress (Think Like A Man)
BET Awards 2013 2013 Think Like a Man
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (FlashForward)
41st NAACP Image Awards 2010 FlashForward
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture (Breakin' All the Rules)
36th NAACP Image Awards 2005 Breakin' All the Rules
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special (Something the Lord Made)
36th NAACP Image Awards 2005 Something the Lord Made
BET Award for Best Actress (Breakin' All the Rules)
BET Awards 2005 2005 Breakin' All the Rules
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture (Bad Boys II)
35th NAACP Image Awards 2004 Bad Boys II
BET Award for Best Actress (Bad Boys II)
BET Awards 2004 2004 Bad Boys II
BET Award for Best Actress (Cradle 2 the Grave)
BET Awards 2003 2003 Cradle 2 the Grave
Dwyane Wade(Gifta: 2014-08-30–)
2014-08-30 Gifta
Chris Howard(Gifta: 2001-05-05–2006-04)
2001-05-05 2006-04 Gifta
Sylvester Union, Theresa Union
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Bio provided by Wikipedia
Gabrielle Monique Union (born October 29, 1972) is an American actress and former model. Among her notable roles is as the cheerleader opposite Kirsten Dunst in the film Bring it On. Union starred opposite Will Smith and Martin Lawrence in the blockbuster film Bad Boys II and played a medical doctor in the CBS drama Series City of Angels. She starred with LL Cool J and Meagan Good in Deliver Us from Eva in 2003. Union was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Theresa and Sylvester Union. At the age of eight, her family moved to Pleasanton, California, where she grew up and attended Foothill High School. In high school, Union was an all-star point guard in basketball and a year-round athlete, also playing in soccer and running track. She went on to the University of Nebraska before moving on to Cuesta College. She eventually transferred to UCLA and earned a degree in sociology. While studying there, she interned at the Judith Fontaine Modeling & Talent Agency to earn extra academic credits. Invited by the agency's owner, Judith Fontaine, Union started working as a model to pay off college loans. Her acting career started with minor roles. Most were in teen movies such as 10 Things I Hate About You and Love and Basketball. In 1997, Union appeared in a sixth-season episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine as the Klingon N'Garen. She also appeared in Sister, Sister as Vanessa, in Smart Guy as Denise, and in five episodes of 7th Heaven as Keesha Hamilton. In 2000, Union landed the role of Isis in the cheerleading movie Bring it On opposite Kirsten Dunst. Bring It On helped push Union into the mainstream and she began gaining more exposure. She was cast in her first leading role in the 2003 film Deliver Us from Eva with rapper L.L. Cool J. The film received fair reviews from critics and it showed that Union was a leading lady. Union landed the role of Will Smith's girlfriend Syd in the film Bad Boys II, a box office success grossing over $273 million worldwide. Union starred with Academy Award winner Jamie Foxx in the film Breakin' All the Rules in 2004. She then starred in the short-lived 2005 ABC series Night Stalker. She has also starred in the independent drama films Neo Ned and Constellation, the latter of which was released to theaters. She won an award for Best Actress in Neo Ned at the Palm Beach International Film Festival, and the film received awards at several festivals. In the 2005 she played in the remake of The Honeymooners with comedian Cedric The Entertainer. Union starred in the 2007 films Daddy's Little Girls by Tyler Perry and the Christmas film The Perfect Holiday .In 2008, Union appeared on Ugly Betty for 3 episodes (36-38). She also made a cameo appearance in the music video for Ne-Yo's "Miss Independent". She joined the cast of the U.S. television series Life on NBC and appeared in four episodes prior to the cancellation of series in May 2009. She also appeared in the ABC 2009 series FlashForward. She was once married to NFL player Chris Howard. The couple married on May 1, 2001. They became legally separated and the divorce was final in April 2006. Through mid-2009 into 2010, Union has been dating Miami Heat star Dwyane Wade.


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"Legend collectors 2010" in Pavlikeni until the end of March
Home > Edition 2010 > "Legend collectors 2010" in Pavlikeni until the end of March
On March 10 the exhibition "Legend collectors 2010" was opened in Pavlikeni. It is hosted by the local community center "Bratstvo-1884", where the art works will be presented until the end of March.
Eng. Iulko Palov, mayor of Gorna Lipnitsa village, Gancho Aleksandrov, director of the culture section in Pavlikeni municipality and Martin Petrov, participator in the Art Residence "The Old School" 2010, told welcoming words to the first visitors. The event was honored by eng. Angel Genov, mayor of Pavlikeni town, Maria Goranova, the director of BCU in the town, Miroslav Marinov – municipal councilor of GERB, Cvetan Cvetanov – boss of multiple shops "Bravo", doctor Plamen Latev, director of MC "Mediana".
The exhibition of the works in the community center "Bratstvo-1884" from the past Art Residence, which took place in August 2010, is the last one for 2011. The reason is the preparation for the second edition of the Art Residence, which has already started. It will be during the summer, again. The announcement for the artists will be uploaded in a few days. It will announce the concrete dates for the event.
You can see pictures from the exhibition "Legend collectors 2010" in Pavlikeni, In facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=115778&id=100000708489424#!/album.php?aid=49282&id=171188426238207&fbid=200263439997372