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Pocket Tactics Awards 2020 – mobile games of the year
The best games on Switch and mobile in 2020
It's that time of the year, when we all start reminiscing about the year we've just had. The highs, the lows, the in-betweens – we take stock of everything. We're not ones to dwell on the lows at Pocket Tactics though. No, we're going to focus on the very best that mobile gaming has to offer in this, the very first Pocket Tactics Awards.
Across this double-feature, we're going to highlight the biggest and best mobile and Switch games that launched in 2020. We'll include a wide variety of options, from exclusives to ports and cross platform delights, there's something here to please everyone. What remains consistent though, as that all of the games on this list are of the highest calibre.
If you're a fan of very good games, we recommend checking out our best iOS games and best Android games lists, as well as our best mobile games 2020 section, which is chock full of reviews of the latest mobile and Switch games. We really do quite like our games on Pocket Tactics.
Meteorfall: Krumit's Tale
Randonautica
As we noted in our Genshin Impact review, the game has a fair few similarities with Breath of the Wild, but it's far more than that. Genshin Impact has in some ways completely revitalised how many of us think about mobile games and the gacha genre, offering a wonderful anime-themed world to explore, and a cast of characters to meet and collect. Mihoyo also supplies the game with a steady stream of content updates and characters, so there's always something to do.
We think Genshin Impact is so great, in fact, that it should have been mobile game of the year at the Game Awards. But alas, at least we can still celebrate it here.
Shrinking the core Eve Online experience onto mobile is no mean feat. It's famously an incredibly complex experience, requiring a lot of play time, research, and working with the community to understand it, let alone thrive in the universe.
Yet NetEase has pulled it off. Eve Echoes is a beautiful interpretation of the classic MMORPG, and it's quickly become one of the best examples of the genre on mobile. You can learn more about why we think so in our Eve Echoes review, and get some helpful tips to help you get started in our Eve Echoes guide.
Riot launched a lot of games this year from auto-chess inspired Teamfight Tactics to League of Legends: Wild Rift. But the one that impressed us most was Legends of Runeterra. This card-battling take on the League universe centres around collecting champions and their respective realms to create combination decks, which can be surprising and powerful in equal measure.
Aside from the gorgeous artwork, soundtrack, and high production values, what makes Runeterra feel divergent is the sheer variety of champion combos you can create. As we noted in our Legends of Runeterra review, since so many decks feel so good, it's almost like there's an equality to that power. We look forward to seeing where Runeterra's expansions take it.
Pascal's Wager
There's no way Dark Souls could work on mobile, right? Well, Pascal's Wager has proven us all wrong. While it lacks the finesse of From Software's trilogy, it more than makes up for it with its cast of characters, spooky world, and sheer challenge.
Because Pascal's Wager is a difficult game, but not an unfair one. The touch controls are also really well-implemented, which is the biggest hurdle a precise action RPG needs to leap over on mobile. Learn more about why we love it in our Pascal's Wager review.
It was a pretty big year for gacha games on mobile, and Guardian Tales is one of the highlights. It combines addictive Zelda-like action combat, a stunning pixelated art style, and a wide variety of characters to unlock, each of which has its own playstyle.
A common complaint regarding gachas is how little you actually have to play them, and Guardian Tales solves that issue. Not only do you have to take charge of your heroes (find the best by reading our Guardian Tales tier list) in battle, it's also a heck of a lot of fun.
Meteorfall: Krumit's Tale
As a successful genre on mobile, we see a fair number of new roguelike deck builders release every year. But even though Slay the Spire came to mobile in 2020, we actually want to highlight another roguelike card game. As we noted in our Meteorfall: Krumit's Tale review, the game is a smart take on the card-crawling genre, as you select a warrior, a wizard, a thief, a necromancer, or a cleric, and fight through each dungeon-box of surprises using their particular talents.
Krumit's Tale has so much character, whether in its quirky Adventure Time-esque art style, its offbeat narrator, or in how its different classes completely change the way you play the game. But most of all, it's easy to pick up, play, and tap out a dungeon or two.
There were so many gems on Apple Arcade this year that we could run an entire Pocket Tactics Awards for just them. However, to be fair to the rest of mobile, we've settled on just one: it had to be South of the Circle.
This innovative and touching adventure casts you as Peter, a struggling academic stranded in Antarctica. The story weaves between past and present as we learn what led to Peter's current circumstances. Learn more about why we loved it in our South of the Circle review.
What is Randonautica? That was the question on everyone's lips back in spring (we answered it in our Randonautica explained guide), when national lockdowns had most of us seeking a new hobby. Randonautica was perfect. You simply received a random set of coordinates and headed in that direction, keeping your mind open to whatever you discovered along the way.
Naturally, this led to some very strange Randonautica stories, as people discovered the strange, wonderful, and, in some cases downright disturbing, happenings in their local area.
It's safe to say I've never played anything quite like this game before. In our Moonlighter review we said it was what "Stardew Valley would be like as a dungeon crawler" and that description remains pretty accurate. Moonlighter is a surreal combo of hack n' slash dungeon crawling and being a homely shopkeeper, as you fight enemies for items to sell in your grandfather's store. It's a surprising combo, but both aspects of gameplay perfectly feed into each other.
Moonlighter's iOS version is also extremely well optimised for mobile, with an auto-battle difficulty option that makes it feel very well suited to the platform.
XCOM 2 Collection
In our XCOM 2 Collection iOS review, we called Feral's port of the tactics game a "perfect introduction to what makes the series special". Though difficult as times, the XCOM 2 Collection is excellent, and this port optimises the game's smart tactics play and action for the mobile platform, adding a great UI and control scheme. This is a brilliant way to experience XCOM for the first time, facing off against the odds, as you try to build an uprising, and rid the earth of its insidious alien overlords.


This practice has been established for 16 years. Located within the premises of Wyndhamvale health care we offer all the expert service expected of a cutting edge physiotherapy clinic as well as the convenience of 6 General Practitioners on site and a Pharmacy.
There are 7 physiotherapists that operate out of this location as well as a boutique Clinical Pilates and Redcord gymnasium.


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Grande Prairie Hunting and Fishing Suppliers- Primetime Hunting & Fishing
By on June 11, 2017 No Comment
Canadian Firearms Program
A licence is your authorization to possess and register a firearm and to obtain ammunition. Your licence must be kept current for as long as you possess firearms in Canada. If your firearms licence is about to expire, renew it online today. It's easy, fast and a secure way to renew. The types of licences are as follows:
For Canadian Residents 18 and Older:
The Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) is the only licence currently available to new applicants. It is renewable every five years. As a general rule, applicants must have passed the Canadian Firearms Safety Course.
Firearms Acquisition Certificates (FAC) issued under the former law were considered to be licences. They have all expired and need to be replaced with a PAL.
For Non-Residents Aged 18 and Older:
A Non-resident firearms declaration that has been confirmed by a customs officer is deemed to be a temporary licence for up to 60 days.
Non-residents who have passed the Canadian Firearms Safety Course can apply for a five-year PAL.
For Individuals aged 12 to 17
A Minors' Licence will enable young people to borrow a non-restricted rifle or shotgun for approved purposes such as hunting or target shooting. Generally, the minimum age is 12 years, but exceptions may be made for younger people who need to hunt to sustain themselves and their families. Applicants must have taken the Canadian Firearms Safety Course and passed the test.
Once a person turns 18, they are no longer eligible for a minor's licence. Instead, they must apply for a Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) and pay the applicable fee.
If you have any questions about the Canadian Firearms program, call or come in today! We are happy to answer your questions!
1312 98 Avenue | Grande Prairie, Alberta | (780) 832-0666
Grande Prairie Home Medical Supply Expert – Robert Kirk
Grande Prairie Beauty Services Expert – Danielle Cherewyk
Grande Prairie Furniture Expert – Ken Gripich
Grande Prairie Pregnancy Related Services Expert – Kendra Madsen
Grande Prairie Music Recital Expert – Colton Bean

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We offer a range of sport and fashion eyewear, rxable prescription sunglasses and lightweight sunglasses online. Make a statement in a pair of lightweight rimless eyeglass frames that give you uninterrupted vision.
The benefit of rimless glasses is that there is no interruption to peripheral vision, offering 170 degree uninterrupted vision.
Lightweight eyeglasses are more comfortable to wear as they are less prone to slipping and stay in place, which makes them ideal for everyday use, walking, running cycling glasses.
Our range of high quality, stylish, durable lightweight sunglasses with funky frames are affordable so that you can buy several pairs with different lens colours, different frames or rimless glasses to suit the occasion and the look you want to achieve.


March 14, 2018 —Weidmuller introduced their Klippon Connect A-Series Application Range modular terminal blocks. Featuring push-in technology, the A-Series Application Range products are designed specifically for use in recurring control cabinet applications. This range includes terminals for voltage/current transformer wiring, signal wiring, control voltage distribution and power distribution.
The A-Series Application Range offers users custom-fit control panel solutions. The initiator-actuator terminal blocks offer increased wiring density with up to four different potentials in a 3.5mm (0.14") width. The range includes modular terminals for connecting two to four conductor sensors or actuators with and without ground connection points. Solid and stranded wires with wire-end ferrules can be connected q with a PUSH IN connection. The connection system is color-coded to minimize the chance of incorrect connections and help make installation and maintenance more efficient. In addition, each contact point has a corresponding test point where test plugs may be inserted.
The A-Series Application Range allows for clear set-ups for control voltage distribution purposes and can be specified to individual machine types. A standardized distributor terminal block design and simple cross-connection options help prevent incorrect wiring.. The alternating set-up features two different potentials on one terminal. The structured block solution can be combined with modular terminal blocks of the same size, and uses standard accessories. Additional terminal blocks are easily added using a second cross-connection channel.


Portland made the big move in the TopDrawerSoccer Division I Men's Top 25 this week. The Pilots jumped up the rankings after a win over Washington during a midweek non-conference game. Portland rolls into the new week with a 5-0-2 record and a spot in the Top 10 for Week Five.
Wake Forest keeps hold of the top spot in the rankings. The Demon Deacons are 7-0 on the season and face off against Clemson in an important ACC clash on Friday. Louisville (4-1) is the other ACC in the top five this week.
Indiana, which improved to 6-1 on Sunday with a win over Wisconsin, remains as the No. 2 team in the TopDrawerSoccer Top 25. Indiana faces an out-of-conference clash against Evansville this week.
Kentucky (4-0-1) and Denver (6-0-1) round out the top five. Denver trounced San Francisco on Sunday in a dominant show. Kentucky hits the road for a game against Lipscomb on Tuesday.


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Q: What happens to togglable buildings when they run out of a required resource? When togglable buildings that use up resources while active (such as a Mint) have a steady but insufficient income of that resource, the resource will decrease until it almost reaches zero, then fluctuate near but not exactly at zero.
For example, when I activate my Mint, my catpower income goes from positive to negative, and a bonus is applied to fur and ivory. After catpower reaches 0 though, it jumps between 0 and 2, but the Mint stays active and the bonuses appear to stay on as well.
Do I get the full benefit of the bonus in this situation, and if so, is it possible to leave many more Mints running and gain the bonus from all of them while technically suffering no additional penalty?

A: When you run out of a required resource, mints and smelters simply do nothing that tick.  That results in you getting benefits proportional to the resources you do have available (although the sidebar numbers won't reflect this).
Most buildings that consume resources have the same behavior, but there are some exceptions:

*

*If you run out of uranium, all of your reactors will turn off

*If you run out of oil, one magneto will turn off per tick (1/5 of a second) until your oil supply is positive again

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This non-invasive, state-of-the-art technology for cats and dogs uses sound waves to painlessly examine specific internal organs, primarily the heart and abdominal organ, and also for pregnancy exams. Riverside Animal Care often uses ultrasound to facilitate biopsies that are used to diagnose medical conditions. With ultrasound, this procedure can be done with light sedation, and is minimally invasive with a very short recovery time.


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Sexuality as Identity
Speaker: Ulanov, Ann Belford
Product Code: Ulanov-Sexuality-as-Identity-MP3
Ann Belford Ulanov, PhD and Barry Ulanov . 3 hours 21 minutes. Audio.
Topics: Gender and Sexuality.
Ann Belford Ulanov, MDiv, LHD, PhD is professor of Psychiatry and Religion at Union Theological Seminary, New York. A senior Jungian analyst, Dr. Ulanov has written many books, including Receiving Women and Religion and the Unconscious, and, with Barry Ulanov, has co-authored the best-selling Primary Speech: A Psychology of Prayer from Westminster John Knox Press.
Barry Ulanov was an American writer, perhaps best known as a jazz critic. He was editor of the journal Metronome from 1943 to 1955 and increased its coverage of modern jazz music as well as promoting contemporary African-American musicians. Ulanov converted to Catholicism in 1951 and was one of the sponsors at the baptism of the jazz vocalist Mary Lou Williams in 1957. After his conversion he began to write more on the subjects of religion and psychology. He was the president of the Catholic Renascence Society and founder of the St. Thomas More Society; he and his wife, Joan Bel Geddes (daughter of Norman Bel Geddes), translated many essays and books on Catholicism. He served on the council for Vatican II, advocating for use of the vernacular in the Mass. He advocated the use of amplified music in church, including rock music. In the last twenty years of his life, Ulanov concentrated on explorations of religion and psychology, and published over 10 books with his wife Ann Belford Ulanov. Barry Ulanov died in 2000 aged 82.
© 1987 Ann Belford Ulanov and Barry Ulanov.
The Lover Within
The Suppression and Re-integration of the Feminine Divine in Christianity
Ego and the Unconscious: Freud, Adler, & Jung
Jung's Concept of the Anima


In the early 1800s, three young men strode onto the national stage, elected to Congress at a moment when the Founding Fathers were beginning to retire to their farms. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, a champion orator known for his eloquence, spoke for the North and its business class. Henry Clay of Kentucky, as dashing as he was ambitious, embodied the hopes of the rising West. South Carolina's John Calhoun, with piercing eyes and an even more piercing intellect, defended the South and slavery.
They wrestled with these issues for four decades, arguing bitterly and hammering out political compromises that held the Union together, but only just. Then, in 1850, when California moved to join the Union as a free state, "the immortal trio" had one last chance to save the country from the real risk of civil war. But, by that point, they had never been further apart.
Thrillingly and authoritatively, H. W. Brands narrates an epic American rivalry and the little-known drama of the dangerous early years of our democracy.


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Can you learn a language online?
by Pamoja Education | Mar 5, 2019 | Blog, Opinion, Pamoja Taught, Thought
Despite the exponential growth of online methodologies in all areas of society, education remains daunted by the prospect of trusting online ways of working, at least as the primary means of delivering education. This is particularly the case in areas of what is called "performative" learning, of which language learning is a prime example.
The industry response to the growing demand for language acquisition
The language acquisition market seems dominated by app-based providers who offer a range of flexible solutions that have proved popular and successful. Duolingo, one of the first and biggest players in this area, claimed that in 2014 "There are more people actively learning a language through Duolingo than in the entire US public school system." [1] Since that time the search for a productive synergy between online learning and language acquisition has progressed rapidly in the education sector.
These app-based courses show some undeniable advantages: their cost remains relatively low, sometimes free, which makes them broadly accessible, and they have leveraged their technology to actively engage their audience. Duolingo relies on gamification in every lesson to be "the best new way to learn a language" [2]; Rosetta Stone integrates "proprietary speech recognition technology" [3] in their app; and even media organisations such as the BBC have a wide range of online resources in support of language learning, many of which were completely free until recently [4].
Learning languages online
How well does online learning work in the context of language acquisition and, if and when it does, what exactly is the best method to choose?
Since the launch of Duolingo in 2012, there has been some research on the efficacy of these models. On the whole it is reassuringly positive. A recent study on busuu found that after two months, oral proficiency improved in 75% of its users [5]. It also found however that most of these users were involved in formal language courses at the same time and that their use of the app was largely for practising the language and would not on its own be likely to allow learners to achieve full fluency. As an assessment by a team of language teachers so put it: "apps like Duolingo can be a useful supplement when you are learning a language – but not a substitute." [6]
Schools may be more resistant to the idea that an online methodology, even where a teacher is included, can replace face to face interaction in the language learning classroom. Language acquisition after all is a primarily a performative learning experience.
However, a paper published in Scenario, the research journal of the University of Cork in Ireland, challenges the thinking behind this and the investment model it seems to dictate. The paper argues that:
the perception of online course formats as "notoriously impersonal, isolating, and ineffective" [7] is due to the choice of delivery model; and
the future lies in fact in online learning environments that utilise a flipped classroom and include a teacher in the virtual space.
The paper contends that the absence of a physical space "reaffirms an egalitarian student-teacher relationship, opens the door for wide-reaching, personally relevant cultural connections" and that "online spaces, particularly spaces that include the personal element of a real-life instructor, provide an important setting for interacting with students who may feel that the digital world houses their primary form of communication." [8]
Researchers talk of "embodied learning" as being more and more essential to successful development of cognition [9]. This has led to the development of a polarity, with app-based language learning such as that found in Duolingo to Rosetta Stone standing opposite the pedagogy of the traditional face to face classroom.
Could the flipped online classroom become the solution to the equation? Research [10] suggests this latter practice creates a new space which establishes its online nature as an advantage.
The world of online education needs to highlight the unique opportunities and experiences that education technology can provide. These allow the best sort of performative learning in what is not an alternative delivery system to the face to face model but a new pedagogy that allows more autonomous and empowered learning by students, implemented with and through the flipped classroom.
Article written by Dr Andrew Flory, freelance educational consultant focusing on the IB Diploma Programme
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[1] https://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/feb/21/can-i-learn-a-language-online
[2] https://www.duolingo.com/
[3] https://www.rosettastone.co.uk/mobile-apps
[4] http://www.bbcactivelanguages.com/
[5] http://comparelanguageapps.com/documentation/The_busuu_Study2016.pdf
[6] https://theconversation.com/just-how-effective-are-language-learning-apps-42913
[7] Virtual Frontiers: How Online Spaces are Redefining the Value and Viability of Performative Foreign Language Learning, Catherine Van Halsema, Scenario, Vol 2017, issue 1, page 90
[8] Halsemam, Op.cit. page 90
[9] See, Virtual Frontiers: How Online Spaces are Redefining the Value and Viability of Performative Foreign Language Learning, Catherine Van Halsema, Scenario, Vol 2017, issue 1, page 87
[10] Halsema, Op cit, throughout.
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Women's Basketball: Rauhe Named to All-OAC Team
Elena Rauhe (Photo by: Emily Swisher)
Posted: Mar 03, 2020
AUSTINTOWN, Ohio - Junior guard Elena Rauhe (Seven Hills / Padua Franciscan) was selected to the 2020 All-Ohio Athletic Conference women's basketball second team as picked by the conference's 10 head coaches.
This is Rauhe's first all-conference selection as the junior played in all 26 games with 24 starts. She led the team in scoring and was third in the conference at 15.2 points per game and scored a career-best 37 points in an 82-75 win over Marietta, which was the third most points in a single game in school history. That performance earned her OAC Player of the Week of the honors on February 17.
Rauhe also led the team and conference in steals per game at 2.2.
Mount Union went 14-12 overall and advanced to the quarterfinals of the OAC Tournament.


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8 CFR
Volume 1 - General Policies and Procedures
Volume 2 - Nonimmigrants
Volume 3 - Humanitarian Protection and Parole
Volume 4 - Refugees and Asylees
Volume 5 - Adoptions
Volume 6 - Immigrants
Volume 7 - Adjustment of Status
Volume 8 - Admissibility
Part A - Admissibility Policies and Procedures
Part B - Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
Part C - Civil Surgeon Designation and Revocation
Part D - Criminal and Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
Part E - Terrorism
Part F - National Security and Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
Part G - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility
Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background
Chapter 2 - Public Charge Inadmissibility Ground
Chapter 3 - Applicability
Chapter 4 - Prospective Determination Based on Totality of the Circumstances
Chapter 5 - Factors
Chapter 6 - Age
Chapter 7 - Health
Chapter 8 - Family Status
Chapter 9 - Assets, Resources, and Financial Status
Chapter 10 - Public Benefits
Chapter 11 - Education and Skills
Chapter 12 - Prospective Immigration Status and Expected Period of Admission
Chapter 13 - Additional Support through Sponsorship
Chapter 14 - Heavily Weighted Factors
Chapter 15 - Totality of the Circumstances Scenarios
Chapter 16 - Waivers of Inadmissibility Based on Public Charge Ground
Chapter 17 - Adjudicating Public Charge Inadmissibility
Chapter 18 - Public Charge Bonds
Chapter 19 - Public Charge Bonds: Posting and Accepting Bonds
Chapter 20 - Public Charge Bonds: Maintaining, Substituting, and Canceling Bonds
Part H - Labor Certification and Select Immigrant Qualifications
Part I - Illegal Entrants and Other Immigration Violators
Part J - Fraud and Willful Misrepresentation
Part K - False Claim to U.S. Citizenship
Part L - Documentation Requirements
Part M - Citizenship Ineligibility
Part N - Aliens Previously Removed
Part O - Aliens Unlawfully Present
Part P - Alien Present After Previous Immigration Violation
Part Q - Practicing Polygamists, International Child Abductors, Unlawful Voters, and Tax Evaders
Volume 9 - Waivers and Other Forms of Relief
Volume 10 - Employment Authorization
Volume 11 - Travel and Identity Documents
Volume 12 - Citizenship and Naturalization
Appendices (7)
On Sept. 11, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued a decision that allows DHS to resume implementing the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility final rule nationwide, including in New York, Connecticut and Vermont. The decision stays the July 29, 2020, injunction, issued during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, that prevented DHS from enforcing the public charge final rule during a national health emergency.
Therefore, we will apply the public charge final rule and related guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual, Volumes 2, 8 and 12, to all applications and petitions postmarked (or submitted electronically) on or after Feb. 24, 2020. If you send your application or petition by commercial courier (for example, UPS, FedEx, or DHL), we will use the date on the courier receipt as the postmark date.
For information about the relevant court decisions, please see the public charge injunction webpage.
USCIS encourages all those, including aliens, with symptoms that resemble Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) (fever, cough, shortness of breath) to seek necessary medical treatment or preventive services. Such treatment or preventive services will not negatively affect any alien as part of a future Public Charge analysis.
The Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds final rule is critical to defending and protecting Americans' health and its health care resources. The Public Charge rule does not restrict access to testing, screening, or treatment of communicable diseases, including COVID-19. In addition, the rule does not restrict access to vaccines for children or adults to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. Importantly, for purposes of a public charge inadmissibility determination, USCIS considers the receipt of public benefits as only one consideration among a number of factors and considerations in the totality of the alien's circumstances over a period of time with no single factor being outcome determinative. To address the possibility that some aliens impacted by COVID-19 may be hesitant to seek necessary medical treatment or preventive services, USCIS will neither consider testing, treatment, nor preventative care (including vaccines, if a vaccine becomes available) related to COVID-19 as part of a public charge inadmissibility determination, nor as related to the public benefit condition applicable to certain nonimmigrants seeking an extension of stay or change of status, even if such treatment is provided or paid for by one or more public benefits, as defined in the rule (e.g. federally funded Medicaid).
The rule requires USCIS to consider the receipt of certain cash and non-cash public benefits, including those that may be used to obtain testing or treatment for COVID-19 in a public charge inadmissibility determination, and for purposes of a public benefit condition applicable to certain nonimmigrants seeking an extension of stay or change of status. The list of public benefits considered for this purpose includes most forms of federally funded Medicaid (for those over 21), but does not include CHIP, or State, local, or tribal public health care services/assistance that are not funded by federal Medicaid. In addition, if an alien subject to the public charge ground of inadmissibility lives and works in a jurisdiction where disease prevention methods such as social distancing or quarantine are in place, or where the alien's employer, school, or university voluntarily shuts down operations to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the alien may submit a statement with his or her application for adjustment of status to explain how such methods or policies have affected the alien as relevant to the factors USCIS must consider in a public charge inadmissibility determination. For example, if the alien is prevented from working or attending school, and must rely on public benefits for the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and recovery phase, the alien can provide an explanation and relevant supporting documentation. To the extent relevant and credible, USCIS will take all such evidence into consideration in the totality of the alien's circumstances.
As part of the assets, resources, and financial status factor, public benefits are considered in the following ways:
Whether the applicant has applied for public benefits;
Whether the applicant has been certified or approved to receive public benefits;
Whether the applicant has received public benefits; and
If the applicant submits relevant evidence, whether he or she is eligible for the public benefits based on income or immigration status.
A. Public Benefits Considered
1. Enumerated Public Benefits
As part of the public charge inadmissibility determination, USCIS considers both cash and noncash benefits including:
Any federal, state, local, or tribal cash assistance for income maintenance such as:[1]
Supplemental Security Income (SSI);[2]
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)[3] which may be provided under another state name;
Federal, state, or local cash benefit programs for income maintenance (often called "General Assistance" in the state context, but which may exist under other names);
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP);[4]
Medicaid (with some exceptions);[5] federally funded Medicaid may also be provided under a state name;
Section 8 Housing Assistance under the Housing Choice Voucher Program;[6]
Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (including Moderate Rehabilitation);[7] and
Housing under the Housing Act of 1937.[8]
Federal Public Benefits Used Under other Names
Some federal public benefits, as listed above, may be listed under other names depending on the state. These federal public benefits are considered in the public charge inadmissibility determination.
Cal-Fresh is the federally funded SNAP program under the State of California.
Medi-Cal is how the State of California delivers Medicaid to its residents.
However, a state medical insurance program, funded exclusively by the state, is not included in the definition of public benefit and is not considered as a public benefit in the public charge inadmissibility determination.
For example, some Medi-Cal services are provided to aliens under a state-only authority at no expense to the federal government.
If Medi-Cal is provided to the alien under a state-only authority at no expense to the federal government, it is not considered in the public charge inadmissibility determination.
To the extent that states give the same name to their Federal Medicaid program and the state-only funded health insurance program, aliens are not required to report the receipt of the state-only funded health insurance. However, if Medicaid is listed on the Form I-944 as a received public benefit receipt, it is the burden of the applicant to provide information and documentation that the health insurance is state funded only. USCIS assumes that any Medicaid identified on the Form I-944 is federally-funded Medicaid.
2. Federal, State, Local, and Tribal Cash Benefits
In addition to the cash benefits for income maintenance identified in the rule (SSI, TANF and GA), USCIS considers any other federal, state, and local tribal cash assistance for income maintenance (other than tax credits).
In order to be considered a cash assistance for income maintenance, it must be:
Cash or cash equivalent (such as a debit card or check);
For a non-specific purpose in which the cash or cash equivalent may be used for food and nutrition, housing, or healthcare;
Means-tested (requirement based on income threshold); and
Not otherwise excluded under the rule or this chapter.
The cash benefit is considered even if the public benefit was only state-funded.
Cash assistance for income maintenance is considered a public benefit for purposes of the public charge inadmissibility determination even if the funding is provided by the state unless it is provided to persons not subject to public charge.
Examples of state, local, and tribal cash assistance that are considered for income maintenance for purposes of the public charge inadmissibility determination include, but are not limited to:
CA Cash Assistance Program for Immigrants (CAPI);[9]
NY Temporary Assistance (including Family Assistance (FA) and Safety Net Assistance (SNA));[10]
FL Temporary Cash Assistance (TCA);[11]
LA Family Independence Temporary Assistance (FITAP);[12]
MA Economic Assistance including Transitional Aid to Families with Dependent Children (TAFDC), Emergency Aid to the Elderly, Disabled, and Children (EAEDC), and the State Supplement Program (SSP) (cash benefits);[13]
IL Aid to Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD), IL Cash Assistance;[14] and
WA Aged, Blind or Disabled Cash Assistance Program;[15] WA Consolidated Emergency Assistance Program;[16] WA Pregnant Women Assistance; WA Diversion Cash Assistance; and WA State Supplemental Payment.
Examples of federal, state, local, and tribal provided cash or cash equivalent benefits that are not considered cash assistance for income maintenance include, but are not limited to:
Cash benefits provided to persons not subject to the public charge ground of inadmissibility such as Refugee Cash Assistance;
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and other energy assistance programs that are directly paid to the creditor;
Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP);
CNMI Nutrition Assistance Program (NAP);[17]
Transportation related assistance that is directly paid to the creditor;
Cash emergency disaster relief - Stafford Act disaster assistance including financial assistance provided to persons and households under the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Individuals and Households Program and any comparable disaster assistance provided by State, local, or tribal governments;[18] and
Any cash benefit provided by the Department of Veteran's Affairs or other federal or state, local, or tribal benefit provided based on veteran status.[19]
In addition, USCIS does not consider any tax-related cash benefit including:
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC);
Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC);
Premium Tax Credit (PTC);
Advance Payment of Premium Tax Credit (APTC); and
State, local, or tribal tax credits.
B. Public Benefits Not Considered
1. Unenumerated Public Benefits
The following is a non-exhaustive list of public benefits that USCIS does not consider in the public charge inadmissibility determination as they are considered earned benefits:[20]
Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Social Security benefits (SSDI);
Social Security;
Veteran's benefits including but not limited to HUD-VASH, and medical treatment through the Veteran's Health Administration;
Government (including federal and state) pension benefits and healthcare;
Unemployment benefits;
Worker's compensation;
Medicare; or
Federal and state disability insurance.
Other benefits not considered public benefits in the public charge inadmissibility determination include, but are not limited to:
Any services provided under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act);[21]
Benefits under the Emergency Food Assistance Act (TEFAP);[22]
Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP);
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR);
Short-term, non-cash, in-kind emergency disaster relief;
Programs, services, or assistance (such as soup kitchens, crisis counseling and intervention, and short-term shelter) provided by local communities or through public or private nonprofit organizations;
Public health assistance for immunizations with respect to immunizable diseases and for testing and treatment of symptoms of communicable diseases whether or not such symptoms are caused by a communicable disease;
Attending public school;
Benefits though school lunch or other supplemental nutrition programs including:
Benefits through the Child Nutrition Act;[23]
Benefits from the National School Lunch Act;[24]
Summer Food Service program;
Child care related services including the Child Care and Development Block Grant Program (CCDBGP);[25]
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC);[26]
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP);[27]
Health Insurance through the Affordable Care Act;
Tax Credits;
Transportation vouchers or other non-cash transportation services;
Housing assistance under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act;[28]
Energy benefits such as the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP);[29]
Educational benefits, including, but not limited to, benefits under the Head Start Act;[30]
Student loans and home mortgage loan programs; and
Foster care and adoption benefits.
As there are multiple federal and state public benefits programs, USCIS is unable to list all programs not included within the public charge inadmissibility determination.
2. Medicaid Exclusion
USCIS does not consider the following Medicaid[31] benefits for purposes of the public charge inadmissibility determination:
Benefits paid for an emergency medical condition;[32]
Services or benefits funded by Medicaid but provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA);[33]
School-based benefits provided to children who are at or below the oldest age of children eligible for secondary education as determined under State law;
Benefits received by an applicant under the age of 21; and
Benefits received by a pregnant applicant, including the period during the pregnancy and 60 days after the end of the pregnancy.
Emergency Medical Condition
"Emergency medical condition means a medical condition (including emergency labor and delivery) manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity (including severe pain) such that the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in placing the patient's health in serious jeopardy, serious impairment to bodily functions, or serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part."[34] States determine whether an illness or injury is an "emergency medical condition" and provide payment to the healthcare provider as appropriate. "Emergency medical services" are often involuntary and must be provided by doctors and hospitals regardless of the ability to pay,[35] such as medical services at a hospital after a car accident.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) sets apart treatment for emergency medical conditions and makes funds available for the reimbursement of states regardless of an alien's immigration status, and regardless of whether or not an alien would be subject to public charge ground of inadmissibility[36] or other grounds of inadmissibility.[37] Congress intended that PRWORA exceptions be applied generally, and treatment of emergency medical conditions in particular, be narrowly construed. To qualify for emergency medical condition exclusion, medical conditions must be of an emergency nature, such as:
Medical treatment administered in an emergency room;
Critical care unit or intensive care unit;
Pre-natal or delivery care assistance; or
Treatment for mental health in which the alien's condition is such that he is a danger to himself or to others and has therefore been judged incompetent by a court of appropriate jurisdiction.[38]
Depending on the state, and the medical condition, categorization as an "emergency medical condition" for purposes of Medicaid reimbursement may not be limited to hospital emergency room visits as defined by state case law. This may depend on the state which provided the emergency medical care. The applicants must provide information from the state indicating that the medical condition and use of the public benefit was for an emergency medical condition. The following are examples of how states have categorized conditions as emergency medical condition.
The following are examples of states determining whether the Medicaid is provided for an emergency medical condition:
Connecticut included leukemia that had "reached a crisis stage" and required "immediate medical treatment, without which the patient's physical well-being would likely be put in jeopardy or serious physical impairment or dysfunction would result."[39] However, permanent dialysis treatment was not an "emergency medical condition."[40]
North Carolina indicated that acute lymphocytic leukemia was not an "emergency medical condition" where there was nothing to indicate that the prolonged chemotherapy treatments must have been "immediate" to prevent placing the alien's health in serious jeopardy, or causing serious impairment or dysfunction.[41]
North Carolina included continued medical services for a cancer patient who underwent surgery after presenting at a hospital's emergency room with weakness and numbness in the lower extremities.[42]
In the Second Circuit, aliens who suffered serious traumatic head injuries initially satisfied the definition of emergency medical treatment, but the subsequent continuous and regimented care did not constitute emergency medical treatment pursuant to the statute.[43]
Arizona included rehabilitative type ward after initial injury as an emergency medical condition.[44]
Pennsylvania excluded care from rehabilitation and health care centers from being considered as part of emergency medical condition treatment even though the alien could eventually suffer another stroke or other medical problem; coverage was not being sought for an acute condition, but for long term or open-ended nursing care.[45]
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act[46] and School-Based Benefits
USCIS does not consider the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)[47] and school-based benefits provided to children who are at or below the oldest age of children eligible for secondary education as determined under state law as public benefits in the public charge inadmissibility determination. Parents provide consent for school districts to release personally identifiable information to a state public insurance program (for example, Medicaid) for billing purposes. The applicant would submit such consent document or documentation from the school to identify the Medicaid benefit as provided under the IDEA or other school-based benefit.
Aliens under the Age of 21 and Pregnant Women
Congress, through Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA),[48] expanded the Medicaid coverage for children and pregnant women who are lawfully residing in the United States, including those within their first 5 years of having certain legal status.
For public charge inadmissibility purposes, USCIS does not consider receipt of Medicaid by children under 21 and pregnant women during pregnancy and 60 days following pregnancy.
3. Children Acquiring Citizenship
For public charge inadmissibility purposes, USCIS does not consider any public benefits received by:
Children of U.S. citizens whose lawful admission for permanent residence and subsequent residence in the legal and physical custody of their U.S. citizen parent will result automatically in the child's acquisition of citizenship, upon meeting the eligibility criteria for acquisition of citizenship;[49] or
Children of U.S. citizens whose lawful admission for permanent residence will result automatically in the child's acquisition of citizenship upon finalization of adoption (if the child satisfies the requirements applicable to adopted children)[50] in the United States by the U.S. citizen parent(s), upon meeting the eligibility criteria for acquisition of citizenship;[51] or
Children, residing outside the United States, of U.S. citizens who are entering the United States for the purpose of attending an interview.[52]
4. Benefits Received by Members of the U.S. Armed Forces and their Spouses and Children
Alien military service members and their families are subject to the public charge inadmissibility determination. However, USCIS does not consider any public benefit received by a person enlisted in the U.S. armed forces,[53] or serving in active duty or in the Ready Reserve component of the U.S. armed forces in the public charge inadmissibility determination. In addition, public benefits received by the spouse or child of a service member[54] are not considered a public benefit in the public charge inadmissibility determination. This is applicable regardless of the service member's immigration status.
5. State Non-Cash Benefits
USCIS does not consider any state funded non-cash benefit which may include health insurance, or social services programs as public benefits to be considered within the public charge inadmissibility determination. For example, the following public benefit would not be considered in the public charge inadmissibility determination:
Washington State Alien Emergency Medical Program
[^ 1] See Subsection 2, Federal, State, Local, and Tribal Cash Benefits [8 USCIS-PM G.10(A)(2)].
[^ 2] See 42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.
[^ 3] See 42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
[^ 4] Formerly called "Food Stamps." See 7 U.S.C. 2011-2036c.
[^ 5] See 42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq. For information on state Medicaid services, see CMS State Resource Map.
[^ 6] As administered by HUD under 24 CFR 984. See 42 U.S.C. 1437f and 1437u.
[^ 7] See 24 CFR 5, 24 CFR 402, 24 CFR 880-884, and 24 CFR 886.
[^ 9] CAPI is designed to provide monthly cash benefits to aged, blind, and disabled non-citizens who are ineligible for SSI/SSA solely due to their immigrant status.
[^ 10] FA provides cash assistance, under TANF, to eligible needy families that include a minor child living with a parent (including families where both parents are in the household) or a caretaker relative. SNA provides cash assistance to eligible needy persons and families who are not eligible for FA.
[^ 11] Cash assistance is limited to a lifetime total of 48 months for adults.
[^ 12] FITAP provides cash assistance to families with children when the financial resources of the family are insufficient to meet subsistence needs.
[^ 13] The benefits include 2 monthly payments, health insurance, and employment support.
[^ 14] This program is for people who are elderly, blind, or have a disability and need money, and the use of the cash assistance is not restricted. This program may also provide medical assistance, but only the cash assistance would be considered in the public charge inadmissibility determination.
[^ 15] ABD is a state funded program that provides cash assistance and a referral to the Housing and Essential Needs (HEN) program to eligible low-income persons who are age 65 or older, blind, or determined likely to meet Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability criteria based on an impairment(s) expected to last at least 12 consecutive months. The use of the cash assistance is not restricted.
[^ 16] This is a cash program available to families or pregnant women who face an emergency and do not have the money to meet their basic needs, including families whose TANF cash assistance has been terminated. The use of the benefit is not restricted.
[^ 17] Although NAP is a means-tested benefit for food, its use is limited through the use of coupons.
[^ 18] See 42 U.S.C. 5174.
[^ 19] See 83 FR 51114, 51174 (PDF) (Oct. 10, 2018) (proposed rule). See 84 FR 41292, 41379 (PDF) (Aug. 14, 2019) (final rule), as amended by 84 FR 52357 (PDF) (Oct. 2, 2019) (final rule; correction) ("Likewise, under this rule, DHS would consider such benefits as part of long-term institutionalization at Government expense and did not intend to consider other benefits that may be used such as Social Security retirement benefits, SSDI, Medicare or veteran's benefits. Social Security retirement benefits, SSDI, Medicare and veteran's benefits are considered earned benefits in that individuals pay into the programs as part of their employment and must work for a certain period of time before being eligible.").
[^ 20] See 83 FR 51114, 51189 (PDF) (Oct. 10, 2018) (proposed rule).
[^ 21] See Pub. L. 100-707 (PDF) (November 23, 1988).
[^ 22] See 7 U.S.C. 7501-7517.
[^ 23] See 42 U.S.C. 1771-1793.
[^ 24] See 42 U.S.C. 1751-1769j.
[^ 25] See 42 U.S.C. 9858-9858q.
[^ 27] See 42 U.S.C. 1397aa-1397mm.
[^ 28] See 42 U.S.C. 11431.
[^ 30] See Pub. L. 110-134 (PDF) (December 12, 2007).
[^ 31] Medicaid received by members of the U.S. armed forces and their spouses and children is also not considered. See Subsection 4, Benefits Received by Member of the U.S. Armed Forces and their Spouses and Children [8 USCIS-PM G.10(B)(4)].
[^ 32] As described in Section 1903(v) of Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. 1396b(v). See 42 CFR 440.255(c).
[^ 33] See 20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.
[^ 34] See 42 U.S.C. 1396b(v). See 42 CFR 440.255(c).
[^ 35] See Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA), 42 U.S.C. 1395dd.
[^ 36] See INA 212(a)(4).
[^ 37] H.R. Rep. No. 104-469 (VI), at 263-64 (1996) ("This section provides that sections 601 and 602 shall not apply to the provision of emergency medical services, public health immunizations, short-term emergency relief, school lunch programs, child nutrition programs, and family violence services. Section 601 restricted unauthorized aliens from receiving public assistance, contracts, and licenses, and section 602 made unauthorized aliens ineligible for employment benefits.")
[^ 38] H.R. Rept. 104-469 (VI), at 264-65 (1996). This report also discusses treatment of communicable diseases and indicates that such treatment is intended "to only apply where absolutely necessary to prevent the spread of such diseases. This is only a short term measure until the deportation of an alien who is unlawfully present in the U.S. It is not intended to provide authority for continued long-term treatment of such diseases as a means for illegal aliens to delay their removal from the country."
[^ 39] See Szewczyk v. Department of Social Services, 881 A.2d 259, 273 (Conn. 2005) (quoting Greenery Rehab. Grp., Inc. v. Hammon, 150 F.3d 226, 233 (2nd Cir. 1998)).
[^ 40] See Quiceno v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 728 A.2d 553, 554 (Conn. Super. Ct. 1999).
[^ 41] See Diaz v. Division of Social Services and Div. of Medical Assistance, North Carolina Dept. of Health and Human Services 628 S.E.2d 1, 5 (N.C. 2006).
[^ 42] See Luna ex rel. Johnson v. Div. of Soc. Servs., 589 S.E.2d 917, 920 (N.C. 2004)
[^ 43] See Greenery Rehab. Grp., Inc. v. Hammon, 150 F.3d 226, 233 (2nd Cir. 1998).
[^ 44] See Scottsdale Healthcare, Inc. v. Ariz. Health Care Cost Containment Sys. Admin., 75 P.3d 91, 98 (Ariz. 2003).
[^ 45] See Spring Creek Mgmt., L.P. v. Dep't of Pub. Welfare, 45 A.3d 474, 483-84 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2012).
[^ 47] IDEA protects educational opportunities for all students with disabilities and requires schools to provide certain services to all children with disabilities. States and school districts may bill and receive reimbursement for the cost of providing special education and health care related services from a State's public insurance program (for example, Medicaid). Benefits or services under these laws generally are not based on income eligibility, and where a reimbursement is available, it is provided to the school or eligible entity.
[^ 48] See Pub. L. 111-3 (PDF) (February 4, 2009).
[^ 49] See INA 320(a)-(b), 8 CFR 320. See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part H, Children of U.S. Citizens, Chapter 3, U.S. Citizens at Birth (INA 301 and 309) [12 USCIS-PM H.3] and Chapter 4, Automatic Acquisition of Citizenship after Birth (INA 320) [12 USCIS-PM H.4].
[^ 50] See INA 101(b)(1).
[^ 51] See INA 320(a)-(b), 8 CFR 320.
[^ 52] See INA 322 and 8 CFR 322. See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part H, Children of U.S. Citizens, Chapter 5, Child Residing Outside of the United States (INA 322) [12 USCIS-PM H.5].
[^ 53] Enlisted under 10 U.S.C. 504(b)(1)(B) or 10 U.S.C. 504(b)(2).
[^ 54] The service member may be a U.S. citizen or national. See INA 101(b).
Legal Authorities
10 U.S.C. 504(b) - Citizenship or residency
15 U.S.C. 1681 - Congressional findings and statement of purpose
21 U.S.C. 802 - Definitions
21 U.S.C. 841 - Prohibited acts A
22 CFR 40.51 - Labor certification
29 CFR 570 - Child labor regulations, orders and statements of interpretation
29 U.S.C. 213(c) - Child labor requirements
31 U.S.C. 9304-9308 - Sureties and surety bonds
31 U.S.C. 9305 - Authority and revocation of authority of surety corporations
38 U.S.C 1965 - Definitions
42 CFR 34.4 - Medical notifications
42 U.S.C. 1382c (PDF) - Definitions
42 U.S.C. 413 - Quarter and quarter of coverage
42 U.S.C. 416(l) - Retirement age
7 CFR 273 - Certification of eligible households
8 CFR 1.2 - Definitions
8 CFR 1.3 - Lawfully present aliens for purposes of applying for Social Security benefits
8 CFR 1003.14 - Jurisdiction and commencement of proceedings
8 CFR 1003.1 - Organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Board of Immigration Appeals
8 CFR 103.6 - Surety bonds
8 CFR 204.5 - Petitions for employment-based immigrants
8 CFR 212.20-212.23 - Applicability of public charge inadmissibility; Definitions; Public charge determination; Exemptions and waivers for the public charge ground of inadmissibility
8 CFR 212.21(b) - Public Benefits
8 CFR 212.4 - Applications for the exercise of discretion under section 212(d)(1) and 212(d)(3)
8 CFR 213.1 - Admission under bond or cash deposit
8 CFR 213a - Affidavits of support on behalf of immigrants
8 CFR 214.2 - Special requirements for admission, extension, and maintenance of status
8 CFR 235 - Inspection of persons applying for admission
8 CFR 245.11 - Adjustment of aliens in S nonimmigrant classification
8 CFR 292 - Representation and appearances
8 CFR 293.1 - Computation of interest
8 U.S.C. 1363 - Deposit of and interest on cash received to secure immigration bonds
8 U.S.C. 1601-1646 - Restricting welfare and public benefits for aliens
8 U.S.C. 1611 (PDF) - Aliens who are not qualified aliens ineligible for Federal public benefits
8 U.S.C. 1612 (PDF) - Limited eligibility of qualified aliens for certain Federal programs
8 U.S.C. 1613 (PDF) - Five-year limited eligibility of qualified aliens for Federal means-tested public benefit
8 U.S.C. 1641 (PDF) - Definitions
Final Specification of Community Programs Necessary For Protection Of Life Or Safety Under Welfare Reform Legislation, 66 FR 3613 (Jan. 16, 2001) (Final rule)
INA 101 - Definitions
INA 101(a)(15) - Nonimmigrant classifications
INA 201 - Worldwide level of immigration
INA 203 - Allocation of immigrant visas
INA 208 - Asylum
INA 212(a)(4) - Public charge
INA 212(d) - Temporary admission of nonimmigrants
INA 213 - Admission of certain aliens on giving bond or undertaking; return upon permanent departure
INA 235 - Inspection by immigration officers; expedited removal of inadmissible arriving aliens; referral for hearing
INA 237(a)(5) - Public charge (deportable aliens)
INA 239, 8 CFR 239 - Initiation of removal proceedings
INA 245(j) - Adjustment to permanent resident status
INA 248, 8 CFR 248 - Change of nonimmigrant classification
INA 289 - Application to American Indians born in Canada
Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds, 84 FR 41292 (Aug. 14, 2019) (Final rule)
Pub. L. 104-193 (PDF) - Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104-208 (PDF) - Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
Pub. L. 106-395 (PDF) - Child Citizenship Act of 2000
Pub. L. 111-293 (PDF) - Help Haitian Adoptees Immediately to Integrate Act of 2010
Pub. L. 111-8 (PDF) - Section 602(b), Title VI of the Afghan Allies Protection Act of 2009
Pub. L. 113-4 (PDF) - 127 Stat 54 of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013
Pub. L. 89-732 (PDF) - Cuban Refugees Adjustment of Status
Section 11, 26 Stat 1084 (PDF) of the Immigration Act of 1891
Section 212(a)(15), 66 Stat 163 (PDF), 183 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
Sections 1-2, 22 Stat 214 (PDF) of the Immigration Act of 1882
G-28, Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative
I-129CW, Petition for a CNMI-Only Nonimmigrant Transitional Worker
I-130, Petition for Alien Relative
I-134, Affidavit of Support
I-356, Request for Cancelation of the Public Charge Bond
I-539A, Supplemental Information for Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status
I-864, Affidavit of Support Under Section 213A of the INA
I-864A, Contract Between Sponsor and Household Member
I-864EZ, Affidavit of Support Under Section 213A of the INA
I-944, Declaration of Self-Sufficiency
I-945, Public Charge Bond
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Employment-Based Adjustment of Status Applications
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Employment-Based Adjustment of Status Applications (PDF, 381.53 KB)
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Family-Based Adjustment of Status Applications
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Family-Based Adjustment of Status Applications (PDF, 401.81 KB)
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Other Applicants
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Other Applicants (PDF, 134.7 KB)
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Refugee, Asylee, and Parolee Adjustment of Status Applications
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Refugee, Asylee, and Parolee Adjustment of Status Applications (PDF, 375.38 KB)
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Special Immigrant Adjustment of Status Applications
Appendix: Applicability of INA 212(a)(4) to Special Immigrant Adjustment of Status Applications (PDF, 124.45 KB)
Appendix: Eligibility for Public Benefits
Appendix: Eligibility for Public Benefits (PDF, 310.09 KB)
Appendix: Totality of the Circumstances Framework
Appendix: Totality of the Circumstances Framework (PDF, 305.09 KB)
Technical Update - Removing WA Food Assistance Program from the List of Public Benefits Considered
This technical update removes the WA Food Assistance Program for Legal Immigrants from the list of examples of state, local, and tribal cash assistance programs that are considered income maintenance for purposes of the public charge inadmissibility determination.
Affected Sections
8 USCIS-PM G.10 - Chapter 10 - Public Benefits
Technical Update - Moving the Adjudicator's Field Manual Content into the USCIS Policy Manual
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating and incorporating relevant Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM) content into the USCIS Policy Manual. As that process is ongoing, USCIS has moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding USCIS Policy Manual Part, in PDF format, until relevant AFM content has been properly incorporated into the USCIS Policy Manual. To the extent that a provision in the USCIS Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the USCIS Policy Manual prevails. To find remaining AFM content, see the crosswalk (PDF, 327.05 KB) between the AFM and the Policy Manual.
1 USCIS-PM - Volume 1 - General Policies and Procedures
2 USCIS-PM - Volume 2 - Nonimmigrants
6 USCIS-PM - Volume 6 - Immigrants
12 USCIS-PM - Volume 12 - Citizenship and Naturalization
8 USCIS-PM - Volume 8 - Admissibility
3 USCIS-PM - Volume 3 - Humanitarian Protection and Parole
4 USCIS-PM - Volume 4 - Refugees and Asylees
5 USCIS-PM - Volume 5 - Adoptions
7 USCIS-PM - Volume 7 - Adjustment of Status
9 USCIS-PM - Volume 9 - Waivers and Other Forms of Relief
11 USCIS-PM - Volume 11 - Travel and Identity Documents
POLICY ALERT - Implementation of Guidance on Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds
This update incorporates into Volumes 2, 8, and 12 policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced February 5, 2020, implementing the Inadmissibility of Public Charge Grounds Final Rule. This guidance is in effect as of February 24, 2020 and applies nationwide to all applications and petitions postmarked on or after that date. Certain classes of aliens are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility (such as refugees, asylees, certain VAWA self-petitioners, U petitioners, and T applicants) and therefore, are not subject to the Final Rule. For more information about the classes of aliens who are exempt from the Final Rule, see the appendices related to applicability. For information on related litigation affecting implementation, see our page on the injunction.
2 USCIS-PM A.4 - Chapter 4 - Extension of Stay and Change of Status
12 USCIS-PM D.2 - Chapter 2 - Lawful Permanent Resident Admission for Naturalization
8 USCIS-PM G - Part G - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility
POLICY ALERT - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the final rule on the public charge ground of inadmissibility. This policy guidance is effective on February 24, 2020, and will apply to all applicants and petitioners filing applications and petitions for adjustment of status, extension of stay, and change of status, except for applicants and petitioners in the State of Illinois, whose cases will be adjudicated under prior policy, including the 1999 Interim Field Guidance (PDF) and AFM Ch. 61.1. For additional information, see Public Charge Inadmissibility Determinations in Illinois. Certain classes of aliens are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility (such as refugees, asylees, certain VAWA self-petitioners, U petitioners, and T applicants) and therefore, are not subject to the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds final rule. For more information about the classes of aliens who are exempt from the final rule, see the appendices related to applicability.
Technical Update - Replacing the Term "Foreign National"
This technical update replaces all instances of the term "foreign national" with "alien" throughout the Policy Manual as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) ["any person not a citizen or national of the United States"].
10 USCIS-PM - Volume 10 - Employment Authorization
Current as of January 14, 2021


a view that writing, too (see TEXTS), is also questionable as a source of any 'grounding' for objectivity or culture, the major reason for this being that, in addition to the 'arbitrary' connection between SIGNIFIER AND SIGNIFIED (as for Saussure), the relation between signifiers (via 'differences') is equally suspect, given that signifiers are always 'slipping under other signifiers', with no final definition possible.
The Lacanian chapters conclude highlighting the "points of connections" between poststructuralism, Derrida and Lacan (151-2).
Poststructuralism and its intellectual antecedents also seemed to play into a wider canvas that from the first origins of European formalism tracked the developments of high modernism in art and literature as parallel and intersecting conversations.
This work reflects both the influence of poststructuralism and the 'new geography' in their investigations of the dimensions of 'neoliberal spatial technologies, geographies of school exclusion, spatial readings of disability, and the spatial politics of educational privatization in the form of the US home schooling movement.
Making this case is difficult given that caricatures of Durkheim and of poststructuralism represent the two as poles apart.
Given the rich offerings in poststructuralism on blackness in contrast to the relatively sparse offerings from Marxist theory, I wonder why Young doesn't encourage his fellow travelers to examine how blackness operates in Marxist thought rather than try to abolish one of the few theoretical areas today where the concept of blackness enjoys such rich, varied debate.
This article extends these ideas by showing how feminist poststructuralism and queer theory are useful for understanding children's identity construction and transforming practice.
Although he admires poststructuralism and postanarchism, Newman is surprisingly critical of posthumanism, arguing that 'these developments should not be fetishised or seen as a form of liberation, as those harbingers of the "post-human" cyber age are wont to do' (43).
Time and geography; race and class; politics and sexuality; the critical developments of feminism, poststructuralism, and postcolonialism; academic theory and current affairs: all are caught up with conversational fluency in a cultural discourse that avows the origins of its own utterance, from a twenty-to-twenty-first century American/English female academic.
In chapter 9 the authors pronounce themselves 'deeply sympathetic to postmodernism in its hospitality to popular genres' and to poststructuralism 'in its stress on heterogeneity, difference, contradictoriness, and indeterminancy; in its drawing attention to fictive elements in scholarly, including historical, writing.
Ann Curthoys and John Docker, Is history fiction?
Nuttall permits himself a few preliminary and marginal swipes at current (and by now not-so-current) fashions in literary theory, especially the solipsism of poststructuralism and the "absurd" New Historicist view that "Shakespeare was locked into an undeveloped, savagely hierarchical political philosophy by the period in which he lived.
The section and the book conclude with Tamsin Lorraine's Deleuzian approach to feminism and poststructuralism.
First, they demonstrate a concrete and serious effort towards a synthesis of elements of conventional Southeast Asian Studies and poststructuralism that underpins Cultural Studies.


Kaheawa Wind Power is one of the largest wind farms in Hawaii. It is located on the island of Maui above the town of Maalaea in the West Maui Mountains. It has 34 turbines at the elevation ranging from 1900 to 2600 ft. We were in hawaii for a coffee farm spray drone demo and happen to meet the field manager in our community dinner organised by an associate of us.
KWP had many difficulties managing their wind turbines due to the sea birds / other flies accidentally hitting the wings and not really they had the opportunity to watch it to ascertain what solution can be done to prevent.
We decided to give a try on a week demonstration where we fly once in every hour from morning 6.30 to 9.30 and evening 5 to 7. First 2 days nothing much noticed over any of the installations. On a 3rd day morning sortie showed us some of the evidences of hawaiian bats hitting on 2 of the turbines. With the help of local animal experts communicated from KWP's team, we decided to fit the thermal imaging sensor to find anything new evidence.
Result came as surprise, as most bats accidentally cut across while flying, few aim to rest on a wing / other parts, but got hit due to the spinning blades. Next two days showed many instances of sea birds coming to nest / in search / in flight getting hit to the blade. All of the data has been widely discussed in firms advisory, technical & board team to find a way to prevent / better operations.
We focused on our coffee spraying in Hawaii during next 20 days and on our time of return, we came to know that KWP team along with local conservationist's help making nest & creating habitats for them so they don't just end up hitting the turbine blades.
So, this demo turned out to be dual purpose fly. One for a wind turbine company, and other is to conserving Hawaiian bat.


ABS, Aircon, Airbags, Alarm, All Wheel Drive, Alloys ,Automatic, Central Locking,Drink Holder, Electric Windows, Full Service History, Leather, Multi-Function Steering, Power Steering, PDC, Radio/CD, Tinted Windows, Traction Control, Towbar. Service Plan Optional. Finance can be arranged, Price excludes Documentation and Registration costs, Trade-ins accepted, Test drives welcome. Optional Extras: Extended warranty, Bodyline maintenance plan, Interior maintenance plan, Smash and Grab. CONTACT: JOHANN: 0824991438, LEON: 0734049659, HERMAN: 0828357879.
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Webster Hall was built in 1886 by architect Charles Rentz in the Queen Anne style and topped with an elaborate mansard roof. Six years later in 1892, Rentz was hired to design an addition to the building, occupying the site of 125 East 11th Street and designed in a Renaissance Revival style using the same materials as the original building. Throughout the early twentieth century the building was plagued by fires, which occurred in 1902, 1911, 1930, 1938, and 1949. The original mansard roof was likely lost in one these fires.[3]
Webster Hall became the country's first modern nightclub. It was a place where one could witness figures such as Emma Goldman, the outspoken exponent of Anarchism, herald the cause of free love and birth control on one night and, on the next night, see the refined atmosphere and grace of a society function celebrating New York's elite. Margaret Sanger led strikers to the building in 1912. Other patrons from the club's early years include painters Marcel Duchamp and Joseph Stella.
During Prohibition, the theme of the balls held within the hall moved from the social and political trends to the hedonistic attitude of the speakeasy. Local politicians and police were said to turn a blind eye to the activities, and it was rumored that the venue was owned by the mobster Al Capone. The repeal of Prohibition was the reason for one of Webster Hall's biggest celebrations, "The Return of John Barleycorn."
In the 1950s, Webster Hall began featuring concerts from a diverse group of artists. Latin performers, such as Tito Puente and Tito Rodriguez played at the club. So, too, did folk artists Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie. Then RCA Records recognized the acoustical integrity of the building and converted it into their East Coast recording venue, Webster Hall Studios. Carol Channing recorded Hello, Dolly! there, Harold Prince recorded Fiddler on the Roof, and artists such as Julie Andrews, Harry Belafonte, Tony Bennett, Ray Charles, Perry Como, Sergio Franchi, Peter Nero, Elvis Presley, and Frank Sinatra all recorded in the studio.
On February 2, 1962 Bob Dylan was recorded playing harmonica on the title track of Harry Belafonte's Midnight Special album, marking Dylan's recording debut. The Music Theatre of Lincoln Center albums of Broadway shows recorded between 1964 and 1969 were all made at Webster Hall, but without a live audience, and in 1966, the recording of Handel's Giulio Cesare starring Norman Treigle and Beverly Sills was recorded at the Hall for RCA.
In 1992, the Ballinger Brothers unveiled the restored Webster Hall, featuring state of the art audio, video, and lighting technology with the original color scheme recreated. The venue hosted two or three different genres of music at once on weekend evenings, providing rave/house music in their large dance room and rock in the upstairs billiard area. A facility capable of catering to groups of 100 to 2,000, Madonna, Mick Jagger and Bill Clinton have had events there, as has the World Wrestling Federation TNA Wrestling and the taping of Fuji Television Network's Iron Chef "New York Special" between Bobby Flay and Masaharu Morimoto. The venue offers five different rooms.
Canopy and lighting sconce over side doorIn addition to its weekly club nights, Webster Hall is one of the city's premiere live music venues. It is the exclusive live music venue for AOL's New York Broadband Rocks series. On May 11, 2007 Linkin Park filmed their Minutes to Midnight Promo Concert, which was then released into theatres. The club recently entered into a partnership to present The Bowery Ballroom Presents at Webster Hall concert series, which has already brought such acts as Sonic Youth, Infected Mushroom, The Hives, John Mayer, John Butler and Modest Mouse to the mainstage.[4] In October 2008, Webster Hall opened its newest room "The Studio at Webster Hall", a 300 capacity performance space.
(Source:www.wikipedia.org/websterhall)
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In 2021, Public Art Fund presented commissions by a remarkable roster of artists at various stages of their careers that invigorated the cultural landscapes of New York City, Boston, Chicago, and beyond. These exhibitions created moments of optimism, creativity, and connection across a broad and diverse public. Serving as a source of inspiration to process the current moment and imagine a hopeful future, public art became a vital part of our healing process—and we're proud that one in three New Yorkers had a Public Art Fund project near their home this year! Thank you for helping Public Art Fund bring free access to powerful experiences with contemporary art to everyone, every day!
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Q: How to find the widget's current size to set the minimum size for the constraints in the Flutter? I want to know how can I find a widget's default size to set it as constraints: minHeight or  constraints: maxHeight properties?
For example if I have this widget:
      Expanded(
        child: Column(
          children: [
            // right menu 1
            Expanded(
              child: Padding(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
                child: Container(
                  constraints: BoxConstraints(
                    maxHeight: constraints.maxHeight - 16,
                    minHeight: 100,
                  ),
                  decoration: BoxDecoration(
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
                    color: Colors.blue[400],
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
            // right menu 2
            Expanded(
              child: Padding(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
                child: Container(
                  constraints: BoxConstraints(
                    maxHeight: constraints.maxHeight - 16,
                    minHeight: 100,
                  ),
                  decoration: BoxDecoration(
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
                    color: Colors.red[200],
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),

And I want to set minHeight to the container's default height instead of hardcoded 100.

A:
There's a Widget for that

Have you tried LayoutBuilder?


If your Heart Team has recommended a transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure as the best course for repairing your heart valve, you may be wondering how to prepare.
As with any procedure, it's important to ask questions and discuss any concerns you may have. This includes educating yourself on the potential benefits and risks of the procedure. There are certain measures that can be taken by the Heart Team during a valve replacement surgery, such as using an embolic protection device. But there are also things that you can do to help the procedure and recovery process go as smoothly as possible. The following tips and guidelines will give you an idea of what to expect and help you prepare for the procedure and recovery.
Ask your Heart Team what level of activity is suitable for you leading up to the procedure.
Be sure to have someone nearby to monitor you during exercise in case you experience any issues (i.e. shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, etc.).
Follow the dietary guidelines given to you by the Heart Team. Patients undergoing TAVI procedures are commonly asked to limit their liquid and salt intake.
Discuss all the medicines and natural health products you take with the Heart Team. Be especially sure to talk about any blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin), dabigatran (Pradaxa), apixaban (Eliquis), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), ticagrelor (Brilinta), or aspirin. The team will provide instructions about whether you should stop taking these medicines before your procedure. Make sure that you understand exactly what the team wants you to do.
Ask about your routine medications that may not be related to the heart. Should you take them as scheduled before your procedure?
Tell your Heart Team about any allergies or reactions to medications you have had in the past.
Let your Heart Team know if you have an advanced care plan.
Make arrangements for someone to drive you to and from the hospital. You will want to designate someone to wait with you during the procedure and assist you through the recovery process.
The night before: Before the transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure, remove all nail polish. Take a bath or shower and clean yourself well. If your care team suggested that you use any microbial soaps, follow their instructions. After you bathe, don't use lotions, creams, powder or deodorant.
The day of: If your doctor told you to take your medicines on the day of the procedure, take them with only a sip of water. Be sure to take off all jewelry and piercings, and take out contact lenses. Remember to give a friend or family member anything of value to hold.
If you notice any new or unusual symptoms leading up to the TAVI procedure, contact your Heart Team right away. And don't hesitate to ask questions!


Fish being cold-blooded creatures, when our water temperatures drop at this time of year we adjust our tactics to up the success rate.
What's the biggest adjustment? Slowing things down to make sure the fish, which are low on energy in the cool water, have a chance to take the bait.
At this time of year, live shrimp is often the best choice, and until schools of sardines return in spring, perhaps the only logical choice. Fished under a float or free-lined, live shrimp are an ideal winter bait, as they remain somewhat stationary and are an easy target for trout, redfish, snook and other species.
On the artificial side, plugs, jigs and jerkbaits work well, though anglers need to downshift their retrieve speeds to ensure success. Cold fish aren't nearly as likely to use what energy reserves they have to chase a lure, so the goal is to make it easy for them. Work baits with very short twitches of the rod tip, pausing for long spells. A fish that sees something moving slowly will make a calculation that they will not have to expend a lot of effort for a meal, which is exactly what you want it to believe.
As we try to cover as much water as possible the temptation to make fast retrieves can be difficult to overcome, but racing baits in cold weather doesn't really tell you whether the fish are there. It could be that they are just watching that lure buzz by and waiting for something easier to catch to come along.
Combine these presentation tactics with working deep holes (which offer warmer water near the bottom), dark-bottom (which absorbs heat and warms the surrounding water), and you have an effective winter fishing pattern.


Pampering oneself is, indeed, one of the most eternal pleasures experienced. Be it cloths or jewelry or footwear or hairstyles, the dynamic nature of fashion shows itself in every segment of grooming. And rightly so, fashion would not be fashion had it been static. It gives the necessary change.
The concern is to maintain your style despite the changing trends.
Clothing and jewelry being the most important facets of style, come into limelight where fashion trends are concerned, particularly so with women. So it is the need of the hour to be up-to-date with latest trends and know what is voguish and that what isn't.


That's it for now, but I will be back soon, remember all supplies are listed below with links.
Stamp Pads: Tumbled Glass, Spun Sugar Distress Inks - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: May Art Wrinkled Ribbon - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Misc.: Liquid Glue, Bitty Bags - Pink Frosting, Bitty Bags - Polka Dot and Bitty Bags - Striped - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. Golden Rod Stickles, Large Pearl – Hobby Lobby. Martha Stewart Coarse Glitter.
Hi everyone, sorry I've been absent for awhile, but my family has had a lot of things going on, not to mention trying to get ready for Christmas. First I wanted to tell you about this lovely little Christmas ornament I made. Last month at Spellbound 3 in Pasadena, CA, I got to see Shea Fragoso and her mom Debbie Murray's new line for A Gilded Life by Spellbinders, and this little church is one of their new dies called Beacon St. Chapel. Here's a tutorial showing you how to assemble that lovely little church. Because I wanted to use this as an ornament, I did not add anything extra like a round base because it would be to heavy for the tree, so I left it sweet and simple.
And here's my little ornament on the tree.
On December 1st my lovely granddaughter had a beautiful baby boy. He was premature, a little over 5 lbs, but he's doing just fine.
On December 7th, my mother-in-law Hazel passed away… She fought a long hard battle with cancer. We loved her much, and miss her more.
Last but not least, about 10 days ago California had a huge rain/wind storm. My daughter and son-in-law have a large building that's a furniture store. When that storm hit, it blew half of the roof off, and damaged the furniture inside.
Keeping fingers crossed that 2015 is a better year for sure.
That's it for now, but I will be back soon. Remember all supplies are listed below with links.
Cardstock: Bazzill Mirror Silver/Gold Combo – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: May Art WrinkledRibbon, Gold Metallic String (I use Full Spools) – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine® Beacon St. Chapel (pre-order).
Misc.: Liquid Glue - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. Gold Glass Glitter – A Gilded Life.
Hello again, I have another Christmas decoration to share with you today. These little stars look perfect sitting on my piano, and so sweet. They have lots of bling LOL! They are in a mason jar that was painted with ivory acrylic paint, a Merry Christmas tag tied with ivory wrinkle ribbon, and gold shredding stuffed inside the jar. The stars are the same front and back, glued on cake pop sticks, and bows tied with ivory ribbon and gold cord at the base of each star. I used Distress Ink to shade the seams, and added gold glass glitter for the finishing touch.
I'd like at this time to wish all of you a Happy Thanksgiving, enjoy your family and friends. If you are traveling please be safe.
That's it for now, but I will be back tomorrow. Remember all supplies are listed below with links.
Stamp Pads: Vintage Photo Distress Ink – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Cardstock: Kaisercraft Yuletide 6 ½" Paper Pad, Bazzill Mirror Silver/Gold Combo – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: May Art Ivory Wrinkled Ribbon, Gold Metallic String (I use Full Spools) – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine®, Back to Basics Tags, Holiday Sentiments Shapeabilities®, Stars Five Nestabilities®.
Misc.: 3D Foam Squares (1/4"), Liquid Glue - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. Gold Glass Glitter – A Gilded Life. Mason Jar, Ivory Acrylic Paint.
Hello there, today I have a quick post to share with you, and I will be back tomorrow with another project.
As many of you know I love to make any type of Christmas decoration (it's my favorite time of year), I can always use an extra decoration around the house LOL. I've decorated bottles in the past, so today's project will fit right in.
Stamp Pad: Ranger Raisin Adirondack Dye Pad.
Cardstock: Kaisercraft Yuletide 6 ½" Paper Pad – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. Burguandy – Stampin' Up!
Ribbon: May Arts Gold Metallic String (I purchase a Full Spool), Wrinkled Ribbon, 5/8" Crochet Lace – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine®. Layered Poinsettia Shapeabilities®.
Misc.: 3D Foam Squares (1/4"), Liquid Glue, Zutter Distrezz-it-All, - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. White Acrylic Paint, Gold Leaf, Gold Flower Center.
Hello there, my how time flies! Since my last post things have been anything but boring for sure. DH and I went to an out of town wedding (it was beautiful, and we had a blast); I made, and decorated everything for my Granddaughters baby show (I'm going to be a Great Grandmother AGAIN…). We went to our grandson's third birthday party that was outside in the rain… it didn't bother those little kids one bit LOL! Finally, I went to another Spellbound event in Pasadena with some dear, dear friends for four days. We were pampered, took classes together, did some shopping at some wonderful/beautiful shops, and ate like queens. I will try to post more on my Spellbound trip later.
Last year while at Spellbound 2013, I met the nicest lady named Michelle Hurtt and bought one of her pieces. She has a talent like none I've ever seen before, she makes projects from silver plated serving trays, and vintage findings. She was at Spellbound again this year, and I purchased another one of her items. You can check out her blog here, and the thing I'm most excited about is I'm going to be taking a class from her in January. Below is a picture of the metal items I bought from her this year.
Michelle is such an inspiration I made one from paper I had to give it a try LOL! Hope you enjoy.
Stamp Pads: Antique Linen, Vintage Photo Distress Ink – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: May Arts Delicate Vintage Lace, Gold Cord, Solid Stitched Center - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine®. Peace Sentiment (very bottom), Blooms One, Corners & Accents One Die-D-Lites Shapeabilities®, Standard Circles LG #5 & #7 Nestabilities.
Misc.: 3D Foam Squares (1/4"), Liquid Glue - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. 3mm Rhinestone Cup-chain, Cable Chain, Silver Head Pin, Jump Ring, Various Crystals.
Hello, I'm back again today with my last project for the 12 Days of Clean and Simple Christmas over on The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store Blog.
To make the Rosette wreath, I cut/embossed Rosette Blooms (twice), glued the ends together to form the wreath, then glued the Crystal Sparklets, Rhinestones and a Baker's Twine bow to the center. I then cut/embossed the card front, and Holiday Sentiment, and layered everything as shown.
That's it for today; I hope to be back soon. Remember all supplies are listed below with links.
Cardstock: Graphic 45 Twas the Night Before Christmas 6x6 Patterns and Solids, Red Foil, Core'dinations Heavyweight Smooth White - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: Divine Baker's Twine (Green) - The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine®. A2 Modern Stationery #6 & #7 Nestabilities®, Holiday Sentiments Shapeabilities® Die D-Lites™, Rosette Blooms Celebra'tions™.
Misc.: Kaisercraft Red Self Adhesive Rhinestones, Kaisercraft Crystal Sparklets, Tombow Mono Multi Liquid Glue, Thermoweb 3D 1/4" White Foam Squares – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store – 12 Days of Clean and Simple Christmas – Noel Christmas Tag.
Hello there! Today is my turn to post a project for the 12 Days of Clean and Simple Christmas at The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store Blog.
Today's Christmas Tag is a favorite of mine I just love the soft look. I cut/embossed the Poinsettia and leaves, then sponged each layer with Distress Ink. The little gold foil peaking out from under the flower is Tinsel wire that I found at Hobby Lobby, which adds a little extra bling to the tag. All I had to do was cut the wire the length I needed, formed a circle, and glued it to the bottom of the flower. The rest of the tag is just layering paper, ribbon and gold cord, and then distressing the edges of the cardstock using the Distrezz-it-All tool.
That's it for today; I will be back again tomorrow with another project. Remember all supplies are listed below with links.
Stamp Pads: Antique Linen Distress Ink – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Cardstock: Kaisercraft Yuletide 6 ½" Paper Pad, Spellbinders Craft Foil (Gold), Core'dinations Heavyweight Smooth White – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Ribbon: May Arts Delicate Vintage Lace, Gold Metallic String (I use Full Spools) – The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store.
Spellbinders®: Grand Calibur Die Cutting & Embossing Machine® Holiday Sentiments, Layered Poinsettia Shapeabilities®.
Misc.: 3D Foam Squares (1/4"), Liquid Glue Zutter Distrezz-it-All Tool –The Stamp Simply Ribbon Store. Sponge, Gold Tinsel Wire – Hobby Lobby.


text:
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King under the Mountain
29th November 2016 Coming Soon, PC / MAC, Strategy 0 comments
by Rocket Jump Technology
on 29th November 2016
Developer Contact Info
This game is coming soon
King under the Mountain is a game about peacefully building up a settlement in tune with nature, or mercilessly plundering the surrounding countryside for its natural resources. It's a game about building a town where everyone is happy and loves their work, or it's about keeping settlers drunk enough that they don't care about the hellish conditions they're living in. It's a game about building up an impenetrable fortress to protect your ill-gotten gains from others, or it's about putting a team of hardy adventurers together and sending them off to loot the riches of your opponents.
King under the Mountain is all these things and more, but to put it technically, it's a simulation-based settlement-building strategy/management game in a fantasy world. To break it down a bit more, the game is based around these central goals:
A simulated world – The game world is built on a series of interlocking systems which combine together to simulate a living, breathing world. As night changes to day, trees and plants will grow (or not) based on sunlight and rainfall. The local environment and changing seasons have effects on the native flora and fauna. Your settlers and other characters have their own personal social and physical needs that you'll have to fulfil to keep them happy (or at least stop them from breaking and going insane!)
Procedural generation – Every map is randomly generated from an initial seed (a large number) so that no two maps will ever be the same – unless you choose to use the same seed! The art assets for the game have been created in such a way that they can be drawn by the game engine for near limitless variation in colour – so every tree, plant and character will have their own unique combination of colours and appearance.
Peaceful expansion – It's an important design goal that it's possible to play the entire game without getting into armed conflict with other factions (if you choose to). Although weapons and combat can be significant parts of gameplay, we wanted to make sure you can peacefully build up a fully-functioning town to have the satisfaction of sitting back and watching your settlers go about their business in an "art farm" style of play.
Multiple ways to play – As well as different ways to build and grow your settlement (do you focus on mining? farming? crafting? buying and selling goods?), in King under the Mountain you can play as several different races and factions each with their own unique gameplay elements. You could build a dwarven fortress dug deep into the side of a mountain, a town of humans at an important river crossing, or a tribe of orcs hunting and raiding others. More than just different races to play as, we want to introduce completely new play styles as unusual factions – perhaps a lone wizard building their secret lair with golems they have constructed, an evil necromancer raising an army of the dead, a dragon amassing a hoard of gold in a giant cave system, or even an invasion of demons attacking the material world.
Player-driven content – Have you ever spent hours in a creative game building something, only for it to sit hidden away on your computer? In King under the Mountain, players can opt-in to automatically upload their settlements for other players to visit. This drives the basis of the adventure mode – you put together a party of champions from your settlement's population, and go off on an adventure to explore another player's creation. This mode will involve turn-based tactical combat as you explore and battle through another player's fortress, claiming rare resources that may be difficult or impossible to acquire otherwise. It's important to note that nothing will be lost by either player in this encounter – you don't actually "attack" the other player, only a copy of their settlement, and there are benefits to be gained by both parties.
Mod friendly engine – Another big design goal is that everything you see or read in the game (and the variables behind them) are fully open to modification. In fact, the base game is built as an engine with one base mod applied to it (which modders can look at to see how things work). As the game nears release, expect more articles explaining how to create and edit mods. For now, you can read about the basics of the system in this post.
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