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'Silent Raid': The story of the lost houses of Burgess Park
October 15, 2018 October 15, 2018 / southwarkheritage
by Sally Hogarth, Artist
'Silent Raid' is a series of house sculptures commissioned to commemorate the people and places impacted by a WWI Zeppelin bomb that landed on Calmington Road, which once stood where Burgess Park is located today.
Reminiscent of the terrace houses that were destroyed in the raid and of varying shades found in traditional red bricks, each house represents one of the lives lost in the incident, with each house; large, medium or small representing each man, woman and child.
Like the bands of colour used in mapping bomb damage, the shade of each house darkens with increased proximity to the bomb site. Every house is etched with a quote from documents and reports on the incident, both past and present. The art deco font used is inspired by the lettering on the original commemorative plaque. A new plaque can be found in Chumleigh Gardens in the centre of the park.
The process involved meeting with The Friends of Burgess Park and investigating their thorough research archive, including recorded photographs, social commentaries and interviews with survivors and families involved in the incident. Meeting with local historians at the Southwark Local History Library and Archives, I learned about the extent of the bomb damage that the area suffered along with news reports and archives of the unfortunate event.
Damage to houses in Albany Road, 1917
After spending time in the park itself, I came to appreciate that the area where the park stands today had once been covered by buildings and houses which were destroyed by war. The absence of their existence and public awareness of this in the present day created a powerful feeling I wanted to convey in the work.
Another important issue I sought to address is the home face of war. The nature of this project is unusual in that it commemorates a war incident that happened on home soil rather than far away battlefields. In an age of a mounting refugee crisis, highlighting the living memory of the ground beneath our own feet facing bombs and destruction becomes a significant message.
A lot of the anecdotes and memories of the event had domestic contexts, from toys found amongst the debris, to fish and chips and piano playing. The contrast between these everyday, familiar and comforting images and the violence that disrupted them feels like a poignant crux of the incident.
This has been reflected in the project with the houses having an almost dolls-house feel. The scale of the houses, particularly the smallest, means that they have a certain vulnerability about them whilst the impressions on their surface that suggest windows and doors have a more sinister feel. The research included news reports that recall 'windows hurled headlong' and striking images of door frames standing empty without their doors.
Researching into Zeppelins and their bombs led me to find strangely colourful diagrams of the rings of their destruction. Also the records of WWI and WWII building damage in the Lambeth Archives used a gradient of colour to plot the severity of damage. This, paired with the difficulty of plotting the exact spot where the bomb landed, led me to the concept of creating a trail and colour code to the houses. The houses are scattered in a debris-like manner across the park darkening in colour with proximity to where Calmington Road once stood.
Extract from the London County Council's WWII bomb damage map series showing gradations in colour.
In all, I sought to ignite visitors' interest to uncover the story of Calmington Road and the streets that once stood beneath their feet. I also aimed to create an experience for regular park visitors to discover a new house or inscription with each visit, creating a story that unfolds and is passed on between locals. The houses become a prop or a prompt for a story, to start a conversation that gets passed between park visitors and as such the story of this incident will be passed on to future generations.
Celebrating Vote 100: Suffragists in the Southwark Art Collection
February 6, 2018 September 11, 2018 / southwarkheritage
By Curator Judy Aitken
On 6 February 1918 the British Parliament passed the Representation of the People Act by an overwhelming majority of the House of Commons (385 for and 55 against). This Act was one of the major milestones of a long and sometimes violent struggle for representation.
Wealth and class have had an impact for centuries on the right to voice opinion and, in formal democracies, to vote and, indeed, to be elected to represent people. Until the 20th century your right to vote depended on your social class and your gender. In 1884 the right to vote was extended from 30% to 60% of all adult men, based on property and other rights. It brought many more men from poorer backgrounds into the democratic voting pool. But women's voting rights continued to be severely restricted.
The Municipal Franchise Act of 1869 gave some single women the right to vote in local elections only – and for this they had to qualify by living in a rated property and having paid rates for a year. Married women were specifically barred from voting, as they were considered femmes couvertes. The Local Government Act 1894 confirmed single women ratepayers the right to vote in local elections, and extended it to married women ratepayers, except a husband and wife could not both qualify to vote through residence at a single property. Where both were qualified, the man got the vote.
That is not to say women were not part of the political scene or campaigning social life. Women actively took part in or drove many social reforms and improvements during the 19th century and early 20th century. But the one perhaps most contentious was the women's right to vote, known as Women's Suffrage. The history of this campaign is long and full of both peaceful and forceful action on both sides, from campaigning women, from men supporters of the campaign and from those who resisted the demands. The women, above all, suffered a great deal as a result of harassment, attack, imprisonment and state-sponsored repression, with their treatment in prison little different from outright torture.
The violence lessened during the First World War, as everyone focussed on the war effort and women became more and more involved in occupations and responsibilities on the home front which had previously been only for men. The war in effect gave women the chance to demonstrate to detractors that women could play a vital role in society beyond domestic life.
The passing of the Representation of the People Act is often seen as a "reward" to women for their contributions during the war. It was certainly a little surprising given the massive resistance up to 1914. However many people now think this takes away from the role of the suffragists and the result owed more to their effort and sacrifices than simply to a benevolent gift.
In truth the Act was only one of many needed to bring women into full political involvement. The 1918 Act gave the vote only to women of property over 30 years old. About 22% of adult women over 30 did not have any property and could not vote. In contract the Act increased the male vote to all men over the age of 21 (or 19 if the man had been on active service in the armed forces). However compromised the victory was hard won and was a huge step forward.
Southwark had its own organisations and campaigning heroes. The United Suffrage Women's Club opened at 92 Borough Road in November 1914 and continued to campaign during the war. You can read more on this blog written by contributor Johnl.
Southwark's archive and museum collections have only a small amount of suffrage related material. However, the borough's art collection, formerly at the South London Gallery and managed by Southwark Council, also has several artworks by significant campaigners for women's suffrage including Bertha Newcombe and Charlotte Elisabeth Babb.
Bertha Newcombe (1857-1947) attended the Slade School of Art in 1876. It is believed that she was one of the first women artist to train at the school. Following her successful arts training, Newcombe was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, Fine Art Society, Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours, and Society of Women Artists, among other esteemed exhibiting societies. In 1888 she became a member of the New English Art Club.
The Goatherd by Bertha Newcombe (1857 – 1947)
Newcombe was highly influenced by the artist Stanhope Forbes (1857-1947) and also by other artists associated with the Newlyn School. She was romantically involved with the playwright George Bernard Shaw and painted a series of portrait studies of him in her studio at 1 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, in the spring of 1882.
Newcombe was a strong advocate for women's rights, in particular their right to suffrage. She became a member of The Society of Women Artists, The Society of Lady Artists and The Artists Suffrage League; a collective of female artists who produced artworks and posters for the 'Votes for Women' campaign.
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow by Charlotte Elizabeth Babb (1830 – 1907)
Charlotte Elizabeth Babb (born Peckham 1830, d. 1906) was a female artist and sister to John Staines Babb, a mid nineteenth century decorative painter who is also represented by the Southwark Art Collection. Babb spent much of her career campaigning for equal rights for women, in particular their right to suffrage. In 1859 Babb started campaigning for the admission of female students to the Royal Academy schools and resulted in her own admission in 1861. Babb was among the first female students at the Royal Academy Schools. Throughout her career Babb exhibited widely with arts societies including the Royal Society of British Artists, the British Institution and the Society of Women Artists, among many others. She was a frequent exhibitor at the Dudley Galleries from 1862.
Babb produced oil paintings and watercolours in a typical Pre-Raphaelite mode and with a strong emphasis on female figures and associated subjects (such as the Annunciation and story of Saint Cecilia). Babb was also associated with the decorative Arts and Crafts movement through established figures such as ceramic pioneer William de Morgan. Babb's fairly accomplished yet loosely Pre-Raphaelite style enabled her to migrate over the more stylised Aesthetic Movement will relative ease. It was within this more decorative art territory where Babb produced large commercial paintings directly onto ceramic tiles (which were made by Minton).
Babb exhibited works at the Walker Art Gallery (Liverpool) Manchester City Art Gallery (1881) and also the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, USA (1893). Her paintings and drawings remain mostly in private collections. The Southwark Art Collection holds the only known publicly owned oil painting by her.
To find out more about the Vote100 commemorations taking place during 2018 visit the Vote100 project pages.
In addition as part of their regular talks series, Southwark Cathedral is having a day of talks devoted to women's history on Saturday 24 March 2018.
Discovering Southwark's LGBTQ+ History
December 1, 2017 April 23, 2018 / southwarkheritage
This weekend Southwark Local History Library & Archive are taking part in the 'Talking Back' LGBTQ+ History and Archives conference at London Metropolitan Archives. In preparation for this and in celebration of 50 years since the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality in 1967 we have been delving into our collections to discover what we hold to tell the histories of LGBTQ+ communities in Southwark.
We hold records for one of the earliest community, council and police-consultative groups in the country to begin tackling homophobia openly, the Southwark Anti-Homophobic Forum that launched in 1995 – still running today as the Southwark LGBT Forum. We also have an archive of the fascinating 'Southwark Sappho' lesbian newsletter, produced in 1993 by the Southwark Women's Centre in Peckham and catering to the needs of a diverse local lesbian audience.
Other collections we discovered include photographs from World War One of soldiers in drag entertaining the troops in 'concert parties' abroad, including the incredible Kenneth Lowndes as Cinderella. We also have a watercolour painting from 1935 that shows an extremely rare-depiction of street drag performance, showing a drag troupe performing their high-kicks routine accompanied by barrel-organ on the back streets of Peckham.
We hold many council flyers promoting services to Gay & Lesbian people in Southwark including the launch of the 'First ever day for Lesbians and Gays in Southwark' which took place in 1988. We also hold photographs of Southwark's float in Pride parades in London, as well as copies of an incredible photographic exhibition on the history of Pride in London 1972-2005 produced by Pam Isherwood for the Southwark LGBT Network.
New additions to the collection include Oral History interviews with key local figures including: Stephen Bourne, a prominent gay author and founder of the Anti-Homophobic Forum; Sue Sanders, another member of the forum and founder-member of 'Schools OUT' and LGBT History Month; and gay ephemera collector James Gardiner who brought the 1930s love story to the world of upper class Architect Monty Glover and his life partner Bermondsey boy Ralph Hall in his book 'A Class Apart'.
To enable users to more easily discover these and more we have created a new LGBTQ+ Communities Collections Guide and will be launching a new online gallery showing some key items in the collection. Here is a selection:
Kenneth Lowndes
These photographs from 21st London Regiment soldier Harry Milner's scrapbook show Kenneth Lowndes in drag. He was part of the 60th Divisional Concert Party 'The Roosters', one of many such theatre troupes who formed during World War One to entertain their fellow troops when stationed abroad. The Roosters formed in 1917 in Salonika and went on to become one of the longest-lasting and popular concert parties, made famous to home crowds across the nation via performances broadcast on BBC radio, and performing to audiences up to the late 1950s.
The Follies Concert Party
This photograph shows the 47th Divisional Concert Party 'The Follies', one of many such theatre troupes who formed during World War One to entertain their fellow troops when stationed abroad. They performed a variety of comedic and variety pieces, and one popular song performed by two 'ladies' vying for the love of one gentleman was 'Wonderful Girl, Wonderful Time' from the 1916 musical Houp-La. The Follies often wore dinstinctive green and black pierrot costumes although this photograph depicts them in character roles.
Turkish room at Bermondsey Public Baths
The public baths on Grange Road in Bermondsey opened in 1927 and were a very grand affair designed in ornate fashion to enable the poor of the borough to wash. While the baths performed their public function very well, the Turkish baths and Russian steam room in the basement also took on another role as a notorious and tolerated homosexual rendezvous. Before the days of open homosexuality public baths such as these were well-known cruising and homosocial spaces, especially as many were open late at night with little supervision. Bermondsey became quite famous in queer circles with even carry-on star Kenneth Williams commenting that having been there for 'traditional interest' in 1958 he found it 'quite fabulous'. [For further information on the London public baths in this context see Matt Houlbrook's excellent book Queer London]
The Street Entertainers Move On
This watercolour was painted by 18-year-old Winnie Collins for a school competition in 1935. It is a rare depiction of a troupe of Drag entertainers who performed on the streets of Peckham. Female impersonation in theatre was common at this time, especially in the 'soldiers in skirts' that existed in theatrical units of the armed forces in World War One. During the 1920s and 30s some of these continued entertaining on stages across the UK and street entertainment drag was common in the working class areas of South and East London.
Southwark LGBT Forum
The Southwark LGBT Forum is a partnership organisation originally formed in 1995 as the Southwark Anti-Homophobic Forum, a panel including representatives from Southwark Council and local councillors working in collaboration with Southwark Police to address problems of homophobia in the borough. Our collections for the Forum include materials from 1995-2011 covering their community outreach work and also project materials for LGBT History Month and Pride.
Southwark Sappho
These pages are from the Lesbian Newsletter 'Southwark Sappho' produced by the Southwark Women's Centre on Peckham High Street from 1993-1994. The newsletter and related group aimed to provide 'non-separatist support' for all lesbians, running drop-in sessions and events considering issues such as racism in the lesbian and gay community as well as promoting local services and events taking place across London.
Researching the First World War: Searching for someone outside the UK
December 6, 2016 / southwarkheritage / Leave a comment
By Patricia Dark, Archivist at the Southwark Local History Library and Archive
This is the fifth post in a series exploring ways to find out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the First World War.
The First World War was the first truly global war, and you may be looking for someone who lived in the wider British Empire, one of the Allied countries, or in one of the Central Powers who fought on the opposite side of the war. Many of the important points discussed in the second part of this series – major types of heritage organisations, digitisation of primary sources, and the challenges of using historic records – are true for records relating to the experiences of people in the Empire, Allied nation, or the Central Powers. You will also usually need to know the same basic and specific information, like full name and date of birth, service number, date(s) and place(s) of service, as you would to find British military personnel or civilians.
However, there are some challenges unique to using foreign records. In order to use undigitised foreign records, you will need to travel abroad or hire a local researcher to consult them for you – this includes many Commonwealth countries, who took responsibility for service records on achieving independence. Language may also be a challenge, both in terms of accessing documents and finding a local researcher. Finally, not all countries hold military service records in a central archive. This means that you will need to know where the person you're interested in enlisted – and may need to travel to the appropriate regional archive to do research.
British Empire Forces
When the First World War started in 1914, Britain administered a world-spanning empire (whose symbolic successor is the Commonwealth). Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa were self-governing units known as Dominions: each Dominion had its own legislature and made local laws, but the UK controlled their international relations. India had a more complicated system that was, in practice, similar to Dominion status; for this reason, all six of these states entered the war in August 1914. Colonies in Africa, Asia, and the West Indies had more limited self-government, and their casualties were accounted with that of UK forces.
Since the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) has a Commonwealth-wide remit, you should be able to find troops from all over the empire in its database of war dead; however, it's important to note that men from the colonies are included under "United Kingdom forces", Newfoundlanders under "Canadian", and all troops from the Indian subcontinent under "Indian". The Imperial War Museum (IWM) also has a Commonwealth-wide remit, and you can find details of those who served with imperial forces on the Lives of the First World War website.
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, and South Africa also have their own war museums (not all founded in the immediate aftermath, however); similarly the website Soldiers of the First World War provides access to digitised service records for Canadian and Newfoundlander troops; Discovering Anzacs, the AIF Project, and New Zealand Anzacs in the Great War do the same for Australian and New Zealander service records. Indian Army records for the time are generally at the British Library, and are not available online. You can also find some Indian Army unit diaries at the National Archives' Operation War Diary website. South African records are available through the South African National Defence Force Documentation Centre; records of the King's African Rifles, a unit based in Kenya, are available at the National Archives.
Allied Forces
Records of "doughboys" – American military personnel of the First World War, who joined the war in 1917– are held by the American equivalent of TNA, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). They were badly affected by a catastrophic fire at the National Personnel Records Center in St Louis, MO, in 1973: many of the surviving records are available on Ancestry or Family Search. The American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) is the equivalent of the CWGC, and its website allows you to search for burials in American military cemeteries. It's important to note that, in contrast to British policy, American policy gave bereaved families the choice of whether or not to inter war dead in battlefield cemeteries. This means many American war dead are buried in their hometowns, and so don't necessarily appear on the ABMC database. You may also find useful information on the website of the American National World War I Museum.
In France, the Ministère de la Defense (the Ministry of Defense) is in charge of service records, while the Ministère des Pensions (the Ministry of Pensions) is the official war graves agency. For poilus – French military personnel of the First World War – the Memoire des Hommes website provides access to digitised military and war graves records. Some of its background material and database fields are in English, but most of its results are in French and may require knowledge of that language to use.
Italy also fought on the side of the Allies in World War I. Service records there are held at regional centres, and most are not digitised; you can find more information on how to access them at Family Search. Russian records are particularly challenging to use: records are scattered, fragmentary, and generally not online. To make use of them, you will need to have good knowledge of Russian and read Cyrillic. One place to start is the World War I project of the Russian genealogical society Союз Возрождения Родословных Традиций (Union Revival Bloodlines Traditions, SVRT).
Central Powers forces
If you are searching for an ancestor who was in the military forces of the Central Powers, the situation is more complicated. At the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires broke into pieces; like British colonies, the military records of different newly-independent areas became the successor states' responsibility. Many of these nations also hold military records on a regional, not national, basis; many of these records were lost in the bombings of the Second World War, and relatively few of them are online.
Ottoman service records are likely to be held by the archives of the Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Defense). These records are likely to be very difficult to use unless you are familiar with Ottoman Turkish and its Arabic-based script.
Service records of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (which included modern Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, and parts of Poland, Romania, Italy, Ukraine, Moldova, Serbia, and Montenegro) are held regionally; the vast majority of them are handwritten in German. The Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (Austrian State Archives) leaflet on military genealogy (in English) contains an overview of resources available at the Kriegsarchiv Wien (Vienna War Archives), as well as contact details for regional archives. The Österreichisches Schwarzes Kreuz (Austrian Black Cross) is the equivalent of the CWGC: you can make a research request for information on an Austrian war grave. The Hungarian equivalent of the Kriegsarchiv Wien is the Hadtörténelmi Levéltár (Hungarian Military History Archives) in Budapest: its website is entirely in Hungarian.
Many German service records for the First World War did not survive the 1945 destruction of the Prussian military archive, in Potsdam, near Berlin; however, records for some semi-autonomous German forces (Bavaria, Saxony, and Baden-Württemberg) are held at regional archives. Ancestry provides online access to Bavarian service records, and the Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (General state archive, Karlsruhe) provides digital copies of service records for Baden-Württemberg. You may also find useful information on the First World War centenary website of the Bundesarchiv (German federal archive), including their introduction to military genealogy leaflet (German language only). The website of the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (German War Graves Commission), the German equivalent of the CWGC, allows you to search for a soldier buried in a German war cemetery.
This is the final post in a series exploring ways to research the First World War.
Researching the First World War: Searching for civilians
November 23, 2016 December 6, 2016 / southwarkheritage
This is the fourth post in a series exploring ways to find out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the First World War.
Civilian men and women served on the home front, either in their usual jobs or in war service. The largest group of civilian men involved in the war effort were the officers and men of the Merchant Marine, hundreds of whom died at sea.
Women were vital to the war effort, entering the industrial workforce in large numbers to free men for combat. In some cases, they simply stepped into jobs men going to the front left behind, as they did on the Tube. The Women's Land Army aimed to boost agricultural production by training women to work on farms. "Munitionettes" made and filled artillery shells with TNT: the chemical stained their skin a distinctive yellow, giving rise to their other nickname, "canary girls". Hundreds of them died, either in workplace explosions or from exposure to toxic chemicals. The Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) of the Joint War Committee trained civilian women in first aid and general nursing. Most VADs served at home in support roles, but some, like Vera Brittain, saw service overseas.
Personnel records for civilian workers can be very patchy. In some cases – like the Women's Land Army or munitionettes – they simply don't survive. Some Merchant Marine records were not systematically kept, while others were lost in the Blitz; you can access surviving ones via the National Archives, Find My Past, or Ancestry. The British Red Cross (and to a lesser degree St John Ambulance) hold VAD records. Once again, knowing the basic information of full name and birth date and place is vital to search these records; knowing date(s) and place(s) of service helps as well.
Civilian internees
As the lights went out in Europe, thousands of civilians (both visitors and expatriates) became "enemy aliens": citizens of a country at war with their country of residence. Their hosts viewed them as potential saboteurs – men were particularly dangerous, since they could boost the enemy's fighting strength if they went home. To prevent this, enemy aliens were usually held in internment camps, similar in purpose and conditions to POW camps. By the end of 1918, more than 100,000 German men were interned in Knockaloe Camp on the Isle of Man; among the approximately 5,500 Allied internees at Ruhleben near Berlin were English international footballer Steve Bloomer, future Nobel Prize winner James Chadwick, and media personality Prince Monolulu. The ICRC held oversight of civilian internment camps, and you can search their Grande Guerre website for more information on camps and individual internees. Very few British records on internees survive, but those that do are at TNA; they don't usually contain details on individuals. As well as the basic information of full name and date of birth, you will need to know the nationality of the person you're looking for. As with civilian war workers, knowing date(s) and places of internment can make searching easier.
Military service tribunals and conscientious objectors
As the war dragged on, central government instituted the draft in March 1916, as well a system of local military service tribunals. In theory, these tribunals could authorise non-combatant status, civilian service, or an absolute discharge from military service to applicants; in practice, the need to provide men for the front – and the active-duty officer on the tribunal – dominated, and their decisions overwhelmingly favoured active service.
In most cases, men applied because they were medically unfit, were already doing vital war work, or their conscription would cause undue hardship for family or business. Some 16,000 men, however, applied to the tribunal as conscientious objectors (COs). For them, being forced to serve and to kill would violate their deeply-held personal religious or philosophical beliefs. About 2,000 COs declared themselves absolutists: unwilling to be drafted, unwilling to follow orders, and unwilling to do any war-related work.
Tribunals usually viewed and treated COs as cowards, or even traitors. Often, absolutists received non-combatant status they could not accept; a CO who refused to submit to military discipline usually was sent to gaol. More than 5,000 COs spent at least one spell in prison: 35 were formally sentenced to death. More than 100 imprisoned COs died as a direct result of their imprisonment.
Records about military tribunals, and especially about COs, survive in a variety of places; however, the Ministry of Health destroyed the vast majority of files relating to individual COs in 1921. TNA holds records of the Middlesex appeal tribunal and the Central Tribunal. The Library of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) holds records of the Friends Ambulance Unit, staffed mostly by COs; the British Red Cross also ran similar ambulance units. The Peace Pledge Union archive has personal papers of COs and records of CO support organisations. Southwark Local History Library & Archive has files of presscuttings related to local tribunals.
As well as full name and date of birth, you will need to know the person's place of residence and/or call-up date(s) to search the records for a conscientious objector. The tribunal probably focussed on, and may mention, details such as family circumstances, occupation, or religious/philosophical beliefs. Knowing some or all of these may make it easier to find someone who went before a tribunal, especially if they have a common first or surname.
Researching the First World War: Searching for military personnel
November 18, 2016 November 21, 2016 / southwarkheritage
This is the third post in a series exploring ways to find out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the First World War.
Millions of men – and thousands of women – served king and country in uniform during the First World War. Men served in the Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Marines. The Great War saw the creation of the Royal Air Force, after the 1 April 1918 merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. Women served in non-combatant roles, freeing men for the front. These were either in the auxiliary forces of the Army, Air Force, and Royal Navy, or in the Army, Navy, or Air Force nursing corps.
With the basic information outlined above – full name and birth date and place – you should be able to find a tommy's campaign medal record. While these records – originally large index cards – are not very detailed, they can often provide a broad outline of your tommy's service. More importantly, they also provide your tommy's service number, which can be very useful to find other records.
The most important of these other records is his or her service record, which may contain details of rank and regiment, promotion, moves between units, evaluations from superiors, next of kin, pension, or medical status. The Silver War Badge, noted in the campaign medal records, was awarded to all military personnel released from service due to war-related injury or sickness; if your tommy received one, pension records may provide more details of service and medical history. Pension records also record details of the families of those killed or missing in action.
Unit records
War is a surprisingly bureaucratic process, and records generated by military units at home or at the front also survive. As well as official reports and forms, units created photographs and even newspapers and magazines! The most common unit record to survive is its official war diary. They collected operational information for the official history of the war – that could also inform command decisions and tactics. They chart the day-to-day life of a unit, and provide a wealth of details about life and death on the front lines. Although these are not personal diaries, they do sometimes refer to individuals, particularly those being considered for a commendation.
Unit war diaries are series WO95 at TNA. By joining Operation War Diary, you can help make unit war diaries accessible by highlighting useful information in 1.5 million pages of digitised records. You may find other records generated by military units in local record offices or regimental museums.
POW records
If your tommy was reported missing, he or she may have been one of the some 200,000 service personnel who spent time as prisoners of war (POWs). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) formed the Prisoner of War Bureau in 1914. The Bureau took responsibility for tracking POWs, keeping their relatives updated on their welfare, and keeping communication lines open between POWs and their families in most theatres of the war; it delegated this task to the national Red Cross of neutral Denmark for the Russian Front, while information about prisoners on the Italian Front went directly through the Italian and Austro-Hungarian governments. The ICRC also inspected POW camps and interviewed prisoners to monitor camp conditions.
The ICRC's Grande Guerre website provides more information on POWs during the First World War – including a searchable database of their records. You may also be able to find more details of POW conditions and of individual POWs at the National Archives, the British Red Cross archive, or a local record office or regimental museum.
Cemeteries, war memorials and Rolls of Honour
The First World War killed on an industrial scale. Society struggled to cope: individual commemoration at home and repatriation were both impossible. Instead, in 1917, the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC) buried the fallen in specially-created war cemeteries near aid stations or the front lines. Rudyard Kipling provided the epitaph "Known Unto God" for those bodies that couldn't be identified, while memorials to the missing served as a symbolic grave for men whose bodies couldn't be found. Pilgrimages to these cemeteries quickly became popular with those bereaved who could afford it.
In 1960, the IWGC changed its name to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC); however, it retains its role overseeing war cemeteries and memorials to the missing. On its website, you can search its databases of cemeteries and war memorials and of war dead and missing from Commonwealth countries.
However, many more relatives had to grieve at home rather than a war cemetary; private organisations and local governments created mass memorials in response to this need. Some, like the Cenotaph in Whitehall, were sculptural. Others, known as Rolls of Honour, were lists of those killed; some Rolls were plaques installed in the public areas of buildings, while others took the form of hand-written or printed books. These memorials often give the name, and possibly the service number, rank, and/or unit of casualties.
You can generally find Rolls of Honour in the local record office of the area they cover, or in the archives of the business that created them. Some were published, and may be available in local libraries. It is important to remember, though, during the Great War itself "Roll of Honour" often referred to lists of people (like members of an organisation or employees of a business) who were on active service – not necessarily lists of those who had died.
Researching the First World War: Introducing Archives
This is the second post in a series exploring ways to find out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the First World War.
If you are interested in discovering more about an individual's service, or what happened in your community, during the First World War, you will most likely need to study surviving records or artefacts from the period. These are usually held in heritage institutions like archives and museums – there are lots of different types, but we describe some of the most useful below (we'll look at non-UK sources later in this series).
Central government archives hold records of national-level central government bodies. They will hold foreign service and diplomatic records that explain why and how the country went to war, military records that describe how the country fought the war, and civilian and military service records for millions of people in and out of uniform. The UK's central government archive is the National Archives (TNA) at Kew: its website on World War I and research guidance on First World War personnel have useful background information.
War memorial museums collect, preserve, and display objects, documents, photographs, and film that record the experiences and commemorate the service and sacrifice of service personnel and civilians. The UK's main war memorial museum is the Imperial War Museum (IWM), founded in 1917 to record, collect, and display material that recorded the experience of the peoples of the British Empire in the Great War.
Local record offices and museums hold records and artefacts relating to a specific geographic area. Their holdings may include local governmental and organisational records, audiovisual material, personal papers, and other reference material like newspapers, medals and personal letters. Many local record offices also hold records of individual military units associated with that area. Examples in the UK are the London Metropolitan Archives, the Cuming Museum or the Southwark Local History Library & Archives.
Other organisations, including businesses (like TfL or John Lewis), charities (like the British Red Cross or St John Ambulance), schools (like Dulwich College), or universities (like London South Bank University) may have their own archives or museums that safeguard the organisation's heritage. Alternatively, another archive or museum (often local government or university) may look after their records and artefacts. Specific military units, usually at the regimental level, often house artefacts and records of that unit in their own museums. The National Archives' Discovery service can help you work out if an organisation's records survive, if they may help your research, and which repository holds them.
In fact, many records are now available in digital form on the internet: you can see a copy of the original document – which were almost always hand-written – as well as a typed-out version of the information, known as a transcript. While some organisations put digitised records on their own websites, it's much more common for them to be on pay-to-view genealogical aggregator sites like Ancestry or Find My Past. Another excellent starting point is the Imperial War Museum's Lives of the First World War website.
There are two important things to note before you begin your research:
First, many records simply did not survive the hundred years between the First World War and today. Some UK central government records – especially military service records – were destroyed when the Public Record Office in Holborn was blitzed in 1940. Other records, like those of the Women's Land Army or the military service tribunals (which we will discuss in the next few posts), were deliberately destroyed after the war.
Second, you may need to spend money or time to view these records. Some organisations make digital records available on a free-to-view basis; libraries in Southwark (and many other library services around the country) also provide free-to-view access to Ancestry on-site. However, if you want to use Find My Past, or to view Ancestry at home, you will need to pay. Other records are not on-line, so you will have to visit the archive that holds them to use them. Some archives will answer enquiries, but do not provide searchroom facilities for on-site research access. If you are interested in non-UK records (more about them later in the series), you may have translation or transcription costs, as well as travel costs.
Researching the First World War: Introducing Tommy Atkins
By Patricia Dark, Archivist at Southwark Local History Library and Archive
This is the first post in a series exploring ways to find out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the First World War.
100 years ago, our ancestors would have known the First World War as simply the "Great War". It changed the lives of almost every family in Britain, and around the world. Men and women saw active duty as military personnel – in the slang of the time, a "tommy" – or served as civilians in medical aid units overseas or working on the home front. Millions of people were taken prisoner of war, interned as enemy civilians, or fled their homes as refugees.
In the UK, nearly a million service personnel died and more than half again were injured. In addition, more than 100,000 civilians died in the conflict – most of malnutrition and disease brought on by the war, but nearly 15,000 members of the Merchant Marine died at sea, and about 2,000 from air and naval attacks. In fact, there are only 52 communities in the UK – all in England and Wales – where all the service personnel who left for the front survived; they're known as "Thankful Villages". France, which saw nearly a million and a half combat deaths has only one such village without a war memorial – Thierville, in Normandy.
The First World War touched every family and community in Britain – which means that it's an indelible part of the history of every community in Britain today. You may be interested in finding out more about the part your family, school, workplace, or neighbourhood played in the Great War: we aim to explain what information you may be able to find, where it is, and how to access it. We'll also tell you the information you will need to know find out more.
Places to start
The First World War was the first truly global war, and so is the commemoration of its centenary. If you are looking for an overview of the Great War, or information on its impact and aftermath, the UK national First World War centenary website or Wikipedia may be able to help. However, if you're interested in more specific stories – for instance, the experience of your neighbourhood or members of your family – you will probably need to look in surviving archival records; to do that effectively, you will need to have specific information that will help you weed out false leads.
Generally speaking, there are a few critical pieces of information you will need to pick your tommy out of the pack. These include their full name (maiden surname for women, who usually left wartime service on marriage), date of birth, and (for military personnel) service number. The more you know about someone – date(s) and place(s) of service, call-up date(s), occupation(s), unit name(s) – the easier it can be to match records to the person you're looking for. In some cases, knowing details of someone's religious/philosophical beliefs, occupation, and nationality can be extremely helpful.
One excellent place to look for clues is in your own family's records and collections of heirlooms. Uniform items, medals, and souvenirs from the front can give you information about dates, places, and units where someone served – this information is vital to find out more. Collections of family papers may contain official paperwork (like call-up, recruitment, discharge, or pension papers) that provide leads, or diaries, personal letters, photographs, and other documents that open a window into life in wartime.
To take these leads further – to discover what your ancestor did during the First World War, or how it affected your neighbourhood, you will often consult other surviving records; if you are interested in fleshing out a story, you may find objects surviving from the period very useful. Heritage institutions like archives and museums hold records and objects, and are invaluable for following leads. There are almost as many archives and museums as there are organisations (and what they hold and how they operate varies by country), but some are especially useful for researching the First World War. We'll take a look at these in the next post in this series.


text:
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Drinking Water, Drought
Second Tulare County town goes dry as water tables plummet in drought
Jesse Vad, SJV Water
• by Jesse Vad, SJV Water
Tooleville, which has longstanding water issues, sits at the base of the Sierra Nevada foothills in Tulare County. CREDIT: The Fresno Bee
The town of Tooleville in Tulare County is once again without water. The town, which has struggled for years with dropping groundwater levels and contamination issues, saw its wells dry up over the weekend.
On July 15, residents called nonprofit Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability reporting very low water pressure and some with no water at all, said Elvia Olea, policy advocate for Leadership Counsel.
This is the second town in Tulare County to lose water this summer. East Orosi, about 30 miles north of Tooleville, was without water for 24 hours when one of its two wells went down July 12, according to news reports. A pump was installed and restored water to East Orosi.
Tooleville, red marker, is about a mile from larger Exeter.
Tooleville, meanwhile, is surviving on water hauled in to storage tanks. The town has two storage tanks which were installed by Visalia-based nonprofit Self-Help Enterprises. On Saturday, the community was switched over to the storage tanks which started receiving 27,000 gallons of hauled water per day after the outage.
But another problem arose over the weekend. A joint in the connection system to the storage tanks came undone. The town had to switch back to the well while the leak was repaired. Because pressure was taken off the well for a day, water levels rebounded enough to sustain people. But the well will probably not last, said Michael Claiborne, directing attorney for Leadership Counsel.
"It's only a matter of time before they go out again," said Claiborne. "Water levels just are not sufficient to keep this system going."
Tooleville sits in a sea of agriculture fields. Farmers received little to no surface water this year because of the ongoing drought, pushing them to rely heavily on pumping groundwater. That has driven Tooleville's water levels lower, said Claiborne. Drilling new, deeper wells in Tooleville isn't an option, he added. Test wells have shown that new wells would produce water that is unsafe to drink.
Tooleville experienced similar problems almost exactly a year ago when its wells went dry. It's a recurring problem and the only permanent solution is hooking the town up to the water system of the nearby city of Exeter, said Claiborne. That process, called a consolidation, was resisted by Exeter for decades. But the state has the authority to mandate consolidation and in August of 2021, it began that process for Exeter and Tooleville. That spurred Exeter into voluntary negotiations.
"The long term solution here is consolidation," said Olea. "In the meantime though, obviously residents are still struggling to do their everyday activities with very little water."
Most residents in Tooleville rely on bottled water which has been provided by the state since 2014 because of groundwater contamination. But the well water is used for all other domestic purposes such as, flushing toilets, washing dishes and taking showers. The lack of domestic water is compounded by the scorching temperatures in Tooleville which are already consistently upwards of 105 degrees. Olea anticipates that Tooleville will remain on hauled water for the rest of the summer.
But it's not the only solution being discussed.
Given the severe lack of water, advocates have been meeting with state and county officials to discuss other temporary solutions.
One proposal on the table is a pipeline from Exeter to Tooleville, similar to the consolidation. But instead of connecting every household to the system, the pipeline would run to the storage tanks. It would act as a more reliable source of emergency water than hauled water.
"I'm just really worried about the logistics of hauling water out there every day, I think that's going to be an absolute challenge," said Claiborne. "And so getting a connection in place that's reliable, doesn't require truckers to go out on a daily basis would be really, really helpful."
Exeter is open to the idea as long as the state provides funding for the pipeline and a new well, said Claiborne.
Tulare County staff have also proposed connecting Exeter to Tooleville via fire hydrants. Tooleville is only about a mile away from Exeter, so it is possible, said Claiborne.
As for the long term consolidation, voluntary consolidation negotiations were extended by the state until the end of the month. So far, it sounds like Exeter city officials will probably be on board as long as the state provides funding for the connection and water system improvements in Exeter, said Claiborne.
"If that's where they're at, this consolidation can get done because I do think there's funding available," said Claiborne. "I think that's a reasonable agreement."
Jesse Vad, SJV Water }
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Maven's Notebook is an excellent daily accounting of California water happenings statewide.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Are you ready to explore our Onondaga County Parks?
The passes are located on the Lucky Day table in the main room.
You can keep the pass for three days.
The passes are on a first come first serve basis, you can not put a hold on them. Fees for programs other than admission are not included with the pass.
Check on the availability of the pass.
Free admission to the Corning Museum of Glass.
The adult day pass allows complimentary museum admission when the library pass is shown, access to the express members-only line at the admissions desk and the opportunity for the holder to purchase a membership at the museum at a 10 percent discount. We've got four. They're located at the Lucky Day table.
You can keep the pass for three days, with no renewal.
Check for the availability of the pass.
One day vehicle pass to more than 128 NYS Parks.
Check for the availability of the passes.
Outdoors lovers can check out the Daycation kits to become more aware of fantastic destinations in Central New York, with Waterfalls/Adventures and Museum/History Buff. The Garmin eTrex 20 will help you explore it all on foot with a handheld GPS.
Go on Safari with the Wildlife Observation Field Trip and Wildlife & Butterfly Observation Field Trip.
At night, turn your view skyward with the Stargazing kit's powerful binoculars and star chart.
Music lovers can check out a ukulele, bongos, guitar, keyboard and accordion.
TV fans can take home the ROKU Streaming Media Player and watch Netflix and more for free, and eBook fans can check out the Samsung Galaxy Tab4.
There's the power-saver monitoring of Kill A Watt.
And eye-opening virtual reality of Google Cardboard.
See our display just inside the main library doors.


One of the first robots brought to life on Earth by the power of the AllSpark, Grimlock is the leader of the Dinobots. Though he originally fell prey to the manipulation of Megatron, he now understands that Earth and the Autobots deserve his friendship and protection. There's nothing he enjoys more than melting Decepticons into scrap with his flame breath.
Robot Mode: Activator Grimlock is pretty much identical to the larger Voyager-class Grimlock, just scaled down. Which isn't that surprising, as I have no idea how one was supposed to simplify his transformation scheme any further than it already is. The detailing is a tad more simplified as well, but no more than expected given the reduction in size. The one actual difference to the larger figure is the absence of Grimlock's big flaming sword, but I think all the Activators were unarmed.
Anyway, the Activators are supposed to be smaller, simpler versions of the Animated characters with an easy, semi-automatic transformation and lots of fun for kids. Grimlock ticks all those boxes. He looks like he should, he is nicely articulated, his arms are just as overly long as those of the bigger Voyager figure, so all in all: a nice robot mode, being exactly what it is designed to be.
Alternate Mode: Hardly surprising, Activator Grimlock transforms into a mechanized Tyrannosaurus Rex. Never saw that coming, did you? Anyway, just like with the robot mode, the beast mode is a pretty straight-forward downsized version of the larger Voyager figure. The dinosaur legs are fully articulated and the jaws can open up. The tiny little front arms can move a little bit as well, if you want. So... yeah, that's pretty much it. The golden lever on Grimlock's back triggers his auto-transformation gimmick, though it only does about 80 percent of the transforming, you have to straighten the guy out a bit yourself still. All in all, though, a great little T-Rex. No complaints here, either.
Remarks: Grimlock and his fellow Dinobots were created as weapons against the Autobots by Megatron before accidentally gaining sentience due to Sari Sumdac's AllSpark Key. It didn't make them very smart, though, as they were easily manipulated by the likes of Meltdown and Blackarachnia.
Despite Hasbro making a big deal about the simplified figures such as the 1-Step Changers in the current Age of Extinction toyline, the idea of simplified, young-kid-friendly Transformers toys has been around pretty much since the days of the original toyline and just about every line since has included such figures. For Animated it was the Activators (among others). Grimlock is the only one of the Animated Dinobots who was also available as an Activator, hardly surprising as he's Grimlock. And while the bigger Voyager-class toy is certainly more interesting to adult collectors such as myself, the little guy here is certainly a nice toy for smaller children, as was the intention. Thus: mission accomplished.


Job Description nProvides technical support and troubleshooting to network desktop and or systems hardware and software n n Screens refers and diagnoses internal inquiries and work requests as they relate..
Description: Lockheed Martin is seeking a Supplier Quality Field Engineer (SQFE) for a position based in Pennsylvania. The position will require working flexible hours and travel out of the assigned..
Job DescriptionnProvides technical support and troubleshooting to network, desktop, and/or systems hardware and softwaren n· Screens, refers and diagnoses internal inquiries and work requests as they relate to maintenance of..
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command Supply Management Specialist in Chambersburg Pennsylvania Duties Help Duties Summary About the Position: This position is within the Logistics Division of the Directorate of..
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command Heavy Mobile Equipment Mechanic Supervisor in Chambersburg Pennsylvania Duties Help Duties Summary **About the Position: This position is located with the Directorate of Industrial..
Software Developer (US Secret Clearance) Deloitte • Mechanicsburg PA 17055 Job #868537280 Are you an experienced, passionate pioneer in technology a solutions builder, a roll-up-your-sleeves technologist who wants a daily..
Description: Lockheed Martin is seeking a Field Engineer Senior for a position located in Chambersburg, PA. Develops Quality standards, methods, work instructions and procedures for the inspection of manufactured and..
Education Doctoral Degree Skills Microsoft Word Excel Microsoft Powerpoint Duties Summary About the Position: This position is located in the Directorate of Supply & Transportation, Directors Office, Letterkenny Army Depot,..
SecurityClearanceCrossing is the first job consolidation service in the employment industry to seek to include every job that exists in the world.


text:
package huajiteam.zhuhaibus;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

import huajiteam.zhuhaibus.zhdata.data.BusLineInfo;
import huajiteam.zhuhaibus.zhdata.GetBusInfoFromJson;
import huajiteam.zhuhaibus.zhdata.exceptions.BusLineInvalidException;

/**
 * Created by KelaKim on 2016/5/11.
 */
class FavoriteConfig implements Serializable {
    private BusLineInfo[] busLineInfos;
    private Activity activity;

    FavoriteConfig(Activity activity) {
        this.activity = activity;
        reloadData();
    }

    public BusLineInfo[] getBusLineInfos() {
        return this.busLineInfos;
    }

    ArrayList<BusLineInfo> getBusLineInfoArray() {
        ArrayList<BusLineInfo> arrayList = new ArrayList<BusLineInfo>();
        Collections.addAll(arrayList, busLineInfos);
        return arrayList;
    }

    private void setFavoriteJson(String favoriteJson) {
        try {
            this.busLineInfos = new GetBusInfoFromJson().getBusLineInfoFromJson(favoriteJson);
        } catch (BusLineInvalidException e) {
            //
        }
        saveData(favoriteJson);
    }

    public boolean getBusIsInList(String lineName, String toStation) {
        for (BusLineInfo bli: busLineInfos) {
            if (bli.getName().equals(lineName) && bli.getToStation().equals(toStation)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public void removeBusInList(int id) {
        ArrayList<BusLineInfo> array = new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(array, busLineInfos);
        array.remove(id);
        saveData(array);
    }

    public void removeBusInList(String lineName, String toStation) {
        ArrayList<BusLineInfo> array = new ArrayList<>();
        for (BusLineInfo bli: busLineInfos) {
            if (bli.getName().equals(lineName) && bli.getToStation().equals(toStation)) {
                continue;
            }
            array.add(bli);
        }
        saveData(array);
    }

    public void setFavoriteJson(BusLineInfo[] busLineInfos) {
        this.busLineInfos = busLineInfos;
        saveData(busLineInfos);
    }

    public void setFavoriteJson(ArrayList<BusLineInfo> oldInfo) {
        int count = oldInfo.size();
        BusLineInfo[] busLineInfos = new BusLineInfo[count];
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            busLineInfos[i] = oldInfo.get(i);
        }
        this.busLineInfos = busLineInfos;
        saveData(busLineInfos);
    }

    void reloadData() {
        SharedPreferences favorites = activity.getSharedPreferences("favorite_list", 0);
        String favoriteJson = favorites.getString("favorite_json", "[]");
        try {
            this.busLineInfos = new GetBusInfoFromJson().getBusLineInfoFromJson(favoriteJson);
        } catch (BusLineInvalidException e) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    private void saveData(String json) {
        SharedPreferences favorites = activity.getSharedPreferences("favorite_list", 0);
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = favorites.edit();
        editor.putString("favorite_json", json);
        editor.apply();
    }

    private void saveData(BusLineInfo[] busLineInfos) {
        this.busLineInfos = busLineInfos;
        String json = new Gson().toJson(busLineInfos, BusLineInfo[].class);
        saveData(json);
    }

    private void saveData(ArrayList<BusLineInfo> oldInfo) {
        int count = oldInfo.size();
        BusLineInfo[] busLineInfos = new BusLineInfo[count];
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            busLineInfos[i] = oldInfo.get(i);
        }
        this.busLineInfos = busLineInfos;
        String json = new Gson().toJson(busLineInfos, BusLineInfo[].class);
        saveData(json);
    }

    void addData(BusLineInfo busLineInfo) {
        ArrayList<BusLineInfo> tmpData = this.getBusLineInfoArray();
        tmpData.add(busLineInfo);
        saveData(tmpData);
    }

    void clearAllData() {
        this.setFavoriteJson("[]");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Real Estate Information Technology Standards Committee
Bukit Batok EC Near to Jurong Innovation District and Le Quest Mall
By itsc
The new EC in Bukit Batok is expected to give a big boost to the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood currently has a scarcity of private housing. The last private residential project that was launched here was the Le Quest, which saw hot take-up from HDB upgraders. The new EC is expected to attract buyers with its proximity to the Jurong East Shopping Centre.
Jurong Innovation District
The Jurong Innovation District is a planned new area of Singapore that will support advanced manufacturing. The district will be located around Bukit Batok EC, the largest commercial hub outside the city, and will also have access to public transport and nature. This development will also be close to the Nanyang Technological University.
Jurong Innovation District is a master plan that will be implemented to boost the local economy. This will include a large park, greenery and public transport infrastructure. The Jurong Region Line is slated to be completed in 2029 and will connect existing development in the western part of Singapore. This will make the Jurong area more accessible than other parts of the city, including the CBD.
Jurong East Shopping Centre
If you're looking for a new place to live near the Jurong East Shopping Centre, you may want to look at the Bukit Batok EC. This upcoming development will be near several amenities, including the Jurong Regional Line MRT station and Bukit Batok Town. In addition, it's close to several shops, restaurants, and public transport.
For convenience, Jurong East is near many public transportation hubs, including the future Tengah MRT station. The upcoming Tengah MRT station will be operational by 2026, providing easy access to the city center and key activity hubs in the western area. The EC is also near the Jurong Industrial Estate and NTU, as well as the Jurong Innovation District.
Le Quest Mall
Located in Bukit Batok, the new Le Quest mall will offer a wide variety of shopping, dining, and recreational options. It will house 6,000 square meters of commercial space, five16 residential units, and a childcare centre. The entire site will span nearly half a million square feet and will have direct bus links to the nearby MRT station. Given the property market's lackluster performance over the last few years, it is hoped that this project will boost demand for the area.
The Bukit Batok EC is located near a popular HDB estate, the Tampines Avenue 10 area. It is close to the upcoming Cross Island Line MRT station and a number of shopping malls. The Bukit Batok EC is expected to be completed by 2031, and will provide convenience for residents.
Bukit Batok MRT Station
Bukit Batok EC is a new residential project coming to Bukit Batok, located near the Bukit MRT Station. It is a prime location with easy access to public transport, schools and nature. It is also near the upcoming Tengah Town development, which will feature a five-kilometre forest corridor and a car-free town centre. Residents living here can also expect modern, smart and green buildings and dedicated walking trails.
Near the upcoming Singapore EXPO Convention and Exhibition Centre, this EC is convenient for commuters to work in the eastern region. It is also close to various shopping malls and other parts of Singapore, making it a great option for families with children.
Dairy Farm Nature Park
Bukit Batok EC is one of two ECs located in the western part of Singapore. It is close to the Bukit Batok MRT station and a few hawker centres. The area is ideal for commuters and is well-connected by bus. It is also near popular amenities, such as the Jurong Innovation District and Tengah Town.
Bukit Batok EC is located near the Pan-Island Expressway, making it easy to get to other parts of the city. It is also conveniently located near major shopping centres. It is also close to a bus interchange. The upcoming Jurong Region Line will further improve connectivity in the western region of Singapore.
Jurong Lake District
If you're looking for a family-friendly neighbourhood, Bukit Batok EC may be a good option. The neighbourhood is tucked away in the western part of Singapore, close to many schools and hawker centres. It is also close to the Bukit Batok MRT station, which is due to open in 2030. And if you're into public transport, it's close to a number of bus interchanges. It's a great choice for commuter families as well.
If you're looking for a family-friendly neighbourhood near Bukit Batok EC, consider the West Mall, which features 40 retail outlets and a children's play area. You'll also be close to the Bukit Batok MRT station, and there's one source of information for the community. The discussion board at West Mall will keep you informed of any recent happenings around the neighbourhood.
Park View Mansions Enbloc Lakeside Garden at Yuan Chung Road
Tengah Town New Executive Condominium at Tengah Plantation Loop
Garden-Themed Playgrounds and Community Gardening at Tengah EC's Garden District
Analyzing the Benefits of Tengah EC for the Younger Population with Green Features and Sustainable Eco-Features
Pine Hill Condo: Embrace the Lifestyle of Luxury and Convenience at Ulu Pandan
Jurong Innovation District: A Smart City Awaits at Tengah Plantation EC
A Place to Call Home: Champions Way Woodlands Condo


Capitol Federal Hall at the University of Kansas is a 167,000-sq-ft building that houses the university's School of Business. It rises four floors above grade and is clad in precast concrete, weathered-steel and high-performance glazing. Materials were carefully curated to ensure that the new building was both forward thinking and contextually sensitive. Its centerpiece is a four-story atrium with a sculptural stair that serves as the building's primary means of circulation.
A 350-seat auditorium also can be used as a tornado shelter to house the building's entire population. The windowless structure was clad in weathered steel and covered with a planted red-sedum roof, in keeping with a long-standing campus tradition of red roofs.


text:
Sun Mengya (; born 3 May 2001) is a Chinese sprint canoeist. She  won the gold medal with her teammate Xu Shixiao in women's C-2 500 metres at 2020 Summer Olympics In Tokyo on 7 August 2021.

Career
She won a medal at the 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.

She qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics, where she and her partner Xu Shixiao won the gold medal in women's C-2 500 metres in the event's debut on the Olympic stage, which replaced the men's K-2 200 metres as the Olympics moves toward gender equality.

References

2001 births
Living people
Chinese female canoeists
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in Canadian
Asian Games medalists in canoeing
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Canoeists at the 2018 Asian Games
Olympic canoeists of China
Canoeists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for China
Olympic medalists in canoeing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/content/global/en/destinations/flights-to-moscow/from-perth https://www.qatarairways.com/en/search-results
Search /content/global/en/destinations/flights-to-moscow/from-perth https://www.qatarairways.com/en/search-results
Flights to Moscow
From Perth
The joy of booking flights to Moscow from Perth with Qatar Airways is that you know you will be guaranteed a supremely comfortable journey to Russia's historic capital. Your seat space will be generous and you will be able to stretch out and relax throughout the flight as we provide you with a great choice of award-winning services, including gourmet cuisine and quality refreshments. All you have to do is sit back and enjoy the trip.
Moscow is eight centuries old and is a veritable treasure chest of glittering ornaments, buildings and monuments from its eventful past. The mighty Kremlin and the fairytale domes of St Basil's Cathedral are just two of the iconic sights here, and there are also many wonderful shopping opportunities and fine dining venues to enjoy during your visit with Qatar Airways.
Book one-way and return plane tickets from Perth to Moscow and enjoy an award-winning in-flight experience.
Flying from Perth
Perth Airport, Australia's fourth busiest airport, serves the west of the continent and links passengers to destinations all over the world.
Qatar Airways flights from Perth regularly travel to Doha, making this a convenient departure point for both business and leisure travellers.
The typically laid-back Australian nature makes this a very friendly airport too, with helpful staff available throughout.
Perth Airport is very business-focused, providing plenty of parking and easy transportation to, and from, the city of Perth for business users.
Long-term parking is just 10 minutes away from the International Terminal 1, and a shuttle bus runs every few minutes from the parking area to the terminal. Both short and long-term parking areas are patrolled by 24-hour security.
The Perth Airport Connect shuttle bus runs from East Perth train station, and other locations in the city, to Terminal 3. International travellers can then connect with a shuttle bus service to take them to Terminal 1. Covered taxi ranks are located outside the main entrance to the terminal.
Arriving in Perth
Qatar Airways flights from Perth leave from International Terminal 1. The terminal has a number of lounges (some of which are airline-specific). Security is tight in Australia, so ensure that you do not have any banned items in your handbags and carry-on luggage to avoid delays.
Wi-Fi is available throughout Terminal 1 (note that there may be some not-spots in areas close to ongoing construction). There are a number of retail outlets in Terminal 1, including duty-free shops and others that offer Australian goods – ideal for buying last-minute souvenirs.
A food court provides passengers with a selection of light bites, snacks, drinks and substantial meals with an international flavour.
Arriving in
From the iconic domes of St Basil's Cathedral and the drama of Red Square, Moscow is a unique city with its own very individual personality. The people of Moscow are incredibly warm and welcoming, and are particularly friendly towards visitors who come to see their city.
For 860 years this thriving metropolis has been at the heart of Russia. It is the country's political and financial hub, as well as its commercial centre. Book a flight to Moscow with Qatar Airways and you'll find that it's also a popular tourist destination, full of photogenic architecture, fascinating museums and galleries, and a thriving arts scene that includes world-famous dance and ballet companies.
The vast majority of visitors head straight for Red Square, at the very heart of the city. This huge square is also home to St Basil's Cathedral with its brightly painted 'onion' domes, the State History Museum, Lenin's Mausoleum and one of the Kremlin's imposing brick walls.
Inside the Kremlin you'll find a wealth (quite literally) of attractions, including the famous Diamond collection in the armoury, some stunning architecture and matinee ballet performances in the Conference Centre.
If you need somewhere to rest for a moment, the Kremlin's gardens are beautifully tranquil oases of calm in the middle of a noisy and busy city. If you want to discover the spirit of Moscow then take a stroll down Old Arbat Street, with its boutiques and street traders.
Art is hugely important to the Russian people, and one of the best collections can be found at The Institute of Russian Realist Art, with a stunning display of the country's finest realist artists. For a glimpse of modern Moscow, head to the revived Gorky Park, now home to trendy cafés, shops and an open-air cinema. And for a little peace and tranquillity take a stroll around Park Sokolniki, or the lesser known Aptekarskiy ogorod park.
Flights to Moscow with Qatar Airways land at Domodedovo International Airport. Visa restrictions for entry into the country will depend on your country of origin, length of stay and whether your trip is for business or pleasure. Before you fly to Moscow please check the visa and passport requirements.


text:
What the Beneluxa group is bargaining for
News • Current affairs • 20.04.2019 • Esther Bechtold
Anne Calteux, pictured, of the health ministry says initiative is reducing prices of rare drugs
Luxembourg and four other European countries, the latest being Ireland, have clubbed together to try bringing down the price of recently approved and scarce pharmaceuticals. The Beneluxa initiative aims to make new treatments and so-called orphan drugs available at an affordable price to patients in participating countries.
Orphan drugs are treatments for rare diseases which are difficult to acquire or extremely expensive because the lack of a profitable market discourages companies to invest in them.
The group was started by the Belgian and Dutch health ministers in 2015. They were joined by Luxembourg in 2015 and Austria in 2016. Ireland joined in June 2018. Anne Calteux, senior policy advisor at the ministry of health in Luxembourg, told Delano in December that "the accent put by the initiative on rare diseases convinced Luxembourg to join this project".
As a coalition of countries, Beneluxa has more leverage in price negotiations with pharmaceutical companies and can demand more transparency into how the costs of new drugs are set. Working together by sharing data and policies also improves the price transparency between the countries, which ideally allows relatively unified prices and policies for patients.
The initiative also conducts joint health technology assessments and participates in "horizon scanning". That is the practice of detecting new and groundbreaking treatments before they reach the market by analysing data and research output. This allows countries to make informed decisions for their reimbursement policies. It further allows national authorities to "better react to possible impacts on health budgets," said Calteux.
To render this process more effective, the outfit is setting up a permanent system called International Horizon Scanning Initiative. This project is not limited to participating countries, but will be available to any country wishing to join.
Spinraza
Beneluxa's first, and up till now only, major achievement is the successful price negotiation in 2018 with the pharma company Biogen for the orphan drug Spinraza, which is used to treat a special type of spinal muscular atrophy. Belgium and the Netherlands will reimburse the medication until at least 2020. According to the APM news service, after months of bargaining Beneluxa was able to reduce the initial list price for the drug of €83,000 per injection to a more reasonable amount, although the exact figure was not disclosed (six injections are needed the first year and three per subsequent year).
There are critical voices doubting the real impact of the initiative due to possible confidentiality issues and companies' unwillingness to relent their country-specific pricing strategies, demonstrated by for example the failed agreement on the drug Orkambi. Yet, among member countries, optimism prevails. Belgian health minister Maggie De Block stated last summer: "The more patients we represent, the more our voices will be heard when discussing high-cost innovative medicines."
Anne Calteux • Maggie De Block • Beneluxa • Biogen • health • medicine • orphan drugs • pharmaceutical
Health: Schneider wants better access to drugs
Army consulting on military medicine project
Medical cannabis law--conservative or unnecessary?
Lux: greater chance to tackle doctor shortage than UK


text:
21-Aug-2019 9:09 PM
U.S. airports: new Congressional bill to uncap PFCs and release funds
In the run-up to the 2016 Presidential election in 2016 President-to-be Trump referred to some U.S. airports as being of 'Third World' standard.
Since then, two attempts – one of them current – have been made to inject infrastructure funds into U.S. airports while, separately, legislation has been enacted to make airport privatisation easier.
One area where there had been no movement was the passenger facility charge (PFC) – the fee that airline passengers in the U.S pay in their ticket price that goes toward the upkeep and maintenance of airports, and which is set up and capped according to US federal law.
At last a bill has been introduced to reduce the cap on those charges.
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Don't miss these BIG blockbuster titles, recently dropped in to our Spring and Summer 2015 lists.
Be prepared to meet the demand of ALL of your patrons' reading requests by adding these newly-announced large print titles to your collection. From eagerly-awaited stand-alones like new historical fiction by Paula McLain, and a novel from Annie Barrows, co-author of the sensational The Guernsey Literary Potato Peel Pie Society, to series favorites like the next installment in Janet Evanovich's popular Wicked series, these titles truly are too big to miss.
SOP customers: Please note these drop-in titles did not appear in our spring 2015 and summer 2015 catalogs and are not ranked; they must be added to any Smart Ship orders.
From Jon Krakauer, the bestselling author of Into the Wild, comes a stark, powerful, meticulously reported narrative about a series of sexual assaults at the University of Montana that sheds light on a broken justice system.
From the internationally acclaimed author of the Harry Hole series—a fast, tight, darkly lyrical stand-alone novel that has at its center the perfectly sympathetic antihero: an Oslo contract killer who draws us into an unexpected meditation on death and love.
From Tom Brokaw, the bestselling author of The Greatest Generation, comes a powerful memoir of a year of dramatic change—a year spent battling cancer and reflecting on a long, happy, and lucky life.
From the co-author of The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society comes a wise, witty, and exuberant novel that illuminates the power of loyalty and forgiveness, memory and truth, and the courage it takes to do what's right.
Paula McLain, author of the phenomenal New York Times bestseller The Paris Wife, takes readers to 1920s Kenya, where horse trainer, adventurer and aviator Beryl Markham tells the story of her life among British expats–and the complicated love triangle she steps into with safari hunter Denys Finch Hatton and Karen Blixen, author of the classic memoir, Out of Africa.
The bestselling author of The Liberator brings to life the incredible true story of an American doctor in Paris, and his heroic espionage efforts during the Second World War.
After almost thirty years out of print, the first major works of fiction by international bestselling author Haruki Murakami—the novellas HEAR THE WIND SING and PINBALL, 1973—are finally together in one volume, in all-new English translations. Includes a revelatory introduction by the author in which he explains how and why he became a writer.


The president's announcement came hours after the arrival on U.S. soil of three Americans previously held prisoner by North Korea.
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump announced Thursday that his first face-to-face meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un would happen next month in Singapore.
Trump's announcement came hours after the arrival on U.S. soil of three Americans previously imprisoned by North Korea. In a pre-dawn ceremony at Joint Base Andrews just outside Washington, Trump and Vice President Mike Pence welcomed the trio — Kim Dong Chul, Tony Kim and Kim Hak Song — whose release was a condition for the high-stakes summit to take place. The president thanked Kim Jong Un for the trio's release, describing it as a gesture of "goodwill" ahead of the denuclearization talks.
"We want to thank Kim Jong Un, who really was excellent to these three incredible people," Trump said early Thursday, standing alongside the Americans who had been imprisoned in a North Korean labor camp on political charges for more than a year.
Trump had initially declared his preference for holding talks in the Demilitarized Zone separating North Korea and South Korea, but said on Wednesday that the site had been ruled out. In recent weeks, Trump administration officials had floated the idea of Singapore.
Julian Ku, a professor at Hofstra Law School who specializes in U.S. foreign policy, said Singapore was likely the final choice because it had the infrastructure in place to "guarantee the security of the President," while also providing an Asian nation that had diplomatic ties with North Korea.
Singapore is considered a close ally of the United States, allowing American naval vessels to use its ports, and is one of the few countries that plays host to a North Korean Embassy, Ku said.


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Post Tagged with: "safety"
Chemical Safety Board Produces Safety Video For Teenagers
The chemical safety board is the federal government agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents. So I was surprised to see them release a youtube video aimed at high school students earlier this week. Apparently, high school students have been getting themselves killed by going to abandoned oil production sites and exploding low grade crude oil filled tanks. In the past 27 years 36 teenagers and 6 young adults have died at these sites.
The video is shown through the eyes of friends and family of two recently deceased teenagers.
Press Release: CSB Releases Video "No Place to Hang Out" Focusing on Deaths of Teenagers in Oil Site Explosions
Update 1: Apparently also covered by CENtral Science – Exploding oil storage sites are "No Place To Hangout"
By mitch •April 15, 2010 •2 comments •Uncategorized
Hydrogen Sulfide Suicide
I woke up this morning to Breaking News on my local morning news. Police responded to a suspicious vehicle call around 10pm, where they found a woman slumped over in her car. Police opened the door, whereupon they discovered a bucket with chemicals on the front seat. The officer was overcome with the fumes and treated at the hospital for burning in his throat. His condition is as yet unknown (update: he was released).
The regional hazmat team evacuated the surrounding neighborhood while they attempted to remove the woman from the car. The woman did not survive.
The police are not releasing details of the chemical used, but it appears to be related to a similar suicide on the other side of town in February. In that case, the victim left notes all over the car saying, "Do not open!!! poison gas!!! hydrogen sulfide." Another note, in part, read "hazmat team needed." When hazmat crews opened the car in that case, they measured levels of hydrogen sulfide more than 3 times the lethal limit.
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) (MSDS) is a colorless, highly flammable gas. Humans can detect hydrogen sulfide at low concentrations, where it smells like rotten eggs. Higher levels (~40 ppm) can irritate mucous membranes and cause headache, fatigue, dizziness, and even memory loss and bronchitis on repeated exposure. At concentrations 50-400 ppm, can produce cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, cyanosis, agitation, vertigo, confusion, nausea and vomiting, tremulousness, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and, possibly, loss of consciousness. According to one source, "just 2-3 breaths of HS at >700 ppm can cause immediate death." Most notably, prolonged exposure quickly leads to "olfactory fatigue" whereupon you can no longer smell hydrogen sulfide and can no longer detect its presence.
The mode of action is as follows: "The major route of toxicity for HS is by inhalation. At lower doses, local irritant effects predominate. At higher exposures, cellular respiration may cease as HS forms a complex bond to the iron ion in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, arresting aerobic metabolism in an effect similar to cyanide toxicity and affecting all organs, particularly the nervous system."
It's no secret that chemicals can be used for nefarious purposes. Perhaps the most familiar is death by cyanide poisoning, with perhaps the most infamous case being the suicide of graduate student Jason Altom at Harvard in 1998. Atropine, adrenaline, carbon monoxide, chloroform, and even the bizarre UK case of assassination by polonium. The educated chemist has only a thin line to cross when reaching across the chemical shelf. A good dose of respect with a large side of humility is in order as we remember the power of the knowledge we have attained.
Suicide by hydrogen sulfide was new to me. But a wave of this type of chemical suicide swept Japan beginning in 2008. A USA Today article written in July 2008 noted over 500 deaths so far that year from hydrogen sulfide. One teen, who released the gas in her apartment, sickened more than 80 people throughout the complex as the gas spread from unit to unit. Isolated cases have appeared throughout the United States in the past few years, including these two around me in the last 3 weeks.
Fortunately, emergency management teams have produced a number of documents to aid emergency responders.
Very detailed CDC bulletin on hydrogen sulfide with sections for on-site medical care as well as information for long-term care
St. Louis University bulletin on the dangers of and treatment for hydrogen sulfide inhalation
Shelby County (KY) EMS presentation on hydrogen sulfide
Other Chemistry Blog posts on suicides in chemistry.
On behalf of the Chemistry Blog community, anyone struggling with thoughts of suicide – especially anyone who came to this page today for that reason – is urged to call 911, your local emergency response number, or any of the numerous national and local suicide hotlines available. The comments of this post will be closely monitored. Anyone attempting to post recipes for the generation of hydrogen sulfide gas will have their comments removed immediately.
Update: Chemjobber sends along an article from The Atlantic magazine talking in sometimes raw emotion about the suicide mentality that seems to be problematic in parts of Japan.
Update2: An updated list of places to contact if you are contemplating suicide today. Please talk to someone.
Call 911, 112, or your local emergency response number
You can email me: azmanam {at} chemistry-blog {dot} com
http://www.reddit.com/r/suicidewatch
http://suicidehotlines.com/
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-TALK (press 1 for Veterans)
Trevor Lifeline (for lgbtq youth): 1-866-4-U-TREVOR
For our UK friends: samaritans.org
Dr. David Burns' Feeling Good
By azmanam •March 15, 2010 •60 comments •science news
Chemistry YouTube Videos – February 2010 Roundup
A student in a chicken suit gets tackled by organic chemistry lecturer Owen Priest at Northwestern University.
An excellent video on methane by the Periodic Table of Videos crew last month.
Safety Note: Samantha "Pants!" Tang is not wearing a lab coat, gloves, and her hair is not fully pulled back.
Also from the Periodic Table of Videos, Sam shows us the Traffic Lights reaction.
Safety Note: Sam does not wear gloves even while working with NaOH powder.
EH&S Note: Throws the solution down the sink.
By mitch •March 3, 2010 •10 comments •fun
Wisconsin-Madison Lab Fire
A graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison suffered burns and the loss of their favorite chair due to a fire that was started in the lab. A small lab fire usually wouldn't make for interesting news, but see if you can spot something strange in the redacted narrative from the Madison Fire Department.
E4 found dry chem extinguisher activated, smoke, dry chem created haze on fire floor. found burned cushion chair in stairwell that was pushed there from room where reportedly students were working with chemicals that were spilled on to a chair that then started on fire. students came up with the idea to use a dry chem extinguisher as well as push the burning chair down the hallway to the stair well. It was reported to us that (deleted) was one of the students who was already at the UW hosp being treated for burns to his hand. E4 saw no one on the fire floor upon arrival.
The student took a burning item out of the laboratory and put it in the stairwell. A follow up revealed the student was worried about other chemicals in the lab catching on fire, but to the best of my knowledge most laboratories are designed to contain a lab fire. If the fire had gotten further out of control and caught the hallway and stairwell on fire, Madison might be missing a building today.
For future reference young graduate students the correct method for dealing with a burning chair in lab is the following. Rush to the safety shower and turn the flow of water on, then with a non-flammable object push the chair under the shower. Do not transport flaming objects outside the lab!
The chemical that started the fire was ethanol. Apparently the student was cleaning a pipette with an open flame nearby. As the student was shaking the pipette dry, a few drops of ethanol landed onto the chair and caught on fire.
The fire department received the call at 11:17 pm.
More media coverage: UW student burned in lab fire (The Cap Times)
By mitch •February 18, 2010 •4 comments •Uncategorized


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I Campionati mondiali di volo con gli sci 2016, ventiquattresima edizione della manifestazione, si sono svolti dal 14 al 17 gennaio a Tauplitz, in Austria, e hanno contemplato esclusivamente gare maschili. Sono stati assegnati due titoli, uno individuale e uno a squadre.

Risultati

Individuale

Data: 15-16 gennaio
Trampolino: Kulm HS225
3 serie di salti

Gara a squadre

Data:
Ore:
Trampolino: Kulm HS225

Medagliere per nazioni

Note

Voci correlate
 Coppa del Mondo di salto con gli sci 2016

Collegamenti esterni

Sci nel 2016
2016
Tauplitz


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Q: Evaluate code block in quarto dependant on evaluation of an R variable I have the following quarto document, and I want to execute the second code block depending on the value of OK. As below, it does not work. I tried double and triple backticks, using only OK, but nothing worked. How can I do this?
---
title: "Test"
format: html
---

## Set a variable

```{r}
OK <- FALSE
```

## Running Code depending on value of `OK`

```{r}
#| eval: `r OK`
print("OK is TRUE - otherwise you won't see anything here.")
```

A: You can use R code as chunk option values by prefacing them with !expr.
---
title: "Test"
format: html
---

## Set a variable

```{r}
OK <- FALSE
```

## Running Code depending on value of `OK`

```{r}
#| eval: !expr OK

print("OK is TRUE - otherwise you won't see anything here.")
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The number-one choice for many anglers. Accomodating 3 made-up rods internally and two externally, this is a 5-rod system. Padded dividers and padded sides provide complete protection to your rods, and an external, zipped pocket will house your landing net or banksticks.
Made from ultra-hard-wearing, PU-backed, waterproof material and with clips and padded straps as used on mountaineering equipment.
Du hast Fragen zum Artikel Solar Tackle - SP 3+2 Rod Sleeve ?


The Pepsi Indian Premier League 2015 is going to be the eight edition of the IPL T20 League. A total of eight teams are set to participate in IPL 8. The tournament will continue to be played in a double round robin format followed up by playoffs. A total number of 60 matches will be played in IPL 2015 between April 8 and March 24.


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