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Articles by Berin Szoka
Berin is the founder and president of TechFreedom, a tech policy think tank based on pragmatic optimism about technology and skepticism about government. Previously, he was a Senior Fellow at The Progress & Freedom Foundation and Director of PFF's Center for Internet Freedom.
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Court Stay Signals Loss for FCC on Prison Payphone Reform
by Berin Szoka on March 7, 2016 · 0 comments
This article originally appeared at techfreedom.org.
Today, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals stayed, for the second time, an FCC Order attempting to lower prison payphone phone calling rates. Back in 2003, Martha Wright had petitioned the FCC for relief, citing the exorbitant rates she was charged to call her incarcerated grandson. Finally, in 2012, the FCC sought comment on proposed price caps. In 2013, when Commissioner Mignon Clyburn took over as acting chairman, she rushed through an orderthat implemented rate-of-return regulation, a different approach on which the FCC had not yet sought public comment.
"Once again, the D.C. Circuit has reminded the FCC that good intentions are not enough," said Berin Szoka, President of TechFreedom. "The FCC must follow basic requirements of administrative law. When it fails to do so, all its talk of protecting consumers is just that: empty talk."
When the FCC issued its 2013 order, TechFreedom issued the following statement:
If justice delayed is justice denied, the FCC has once again denied justice to the millions of Americans and their families who pay far too much for prison payphone calls. The FCC's elaborate system of price controls was not among the ideas on which the FCC sought comment last December, nor is it supported by the record. Thus, today's long-overdue order will very likely be struck down in court — and the Commission will have wasted nine years sitting on Martha Wright's 2003 payphone justice petition, nine months proposing an illegal solution, and who-knows-how-long litigating about it — only to wind up right back where we started, with payphone operators paying up to two-thirds of their revenue in kickbacks to state prisons, in exchange for the monopoly privilege of gouging a truly captive audience.
This is just the latest example of the FCC's M.O. of "Ready, Fire, Aim." The FCC consistently dawdles, then suddenly works itself up into a rush to regulate in ways that are either illegal or unwise — and usually both. Once again, good intentions, the desire to make headlines, disregard for basic principles of legal process, and a deep-seated ideological preference for returning to rate-of-return price controls, have triumphed over common sense, due process and, sadly, actually helping anyone.
In January 2014, the appeals court stayed key provisions of the order. The FCC then went back to the drawing board and, in October 2015, issued a second report and order and third NPRM that, among other things, established price caps for inmate calling services. Affected service providers challenged the order and sought a stay from the D.C. Circuit, which is granted only if, as the court said here, "petitioners have satisfied the stringent requirements for a stay pending court review," which means showing a strong likelihood of success on the merits.
"The stay issued by the D.C. Circuit isn't a certain death knell for the inmate calling order, but it certainly casts a grim pall over the order's future," said Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "This FCC has proven more than willing to tout noble goals to justify its procedural shortfalls, but the courts are less willing to bless such an outcome-driven approach. The rules for administrative procedure are there for a reason, and agencies can't simply disregard them when it suits their interests. If something is worth doing, they should take the time to do it right."
"It's worth noting that Judge Tatel was among the three judges voting for today's stay," concluded Szoka, noting that Tatel also sits on the D.C. Circuit panel hearing challenges to the FCC's Open Internet Order. "Even though today's stay order addresses unrelated issues, it may suggest that the D.C. Circuit is taking a harsher look at the FCC's procedure, and while the court didn't grant an initial stay in the challenge to the Open Internet Order, the FCC could still lose on the merits of that case when it comes to the threshold question of whether it provided adequate notice of Title II reclassification, and rules that went well beyond 'net neutrality.' If so, the court might simply kick the matter back to the FCC and set the stage for a fourth court battle over the key legal questions. It's anyone's bet as to which issue, prison payphones (started in 2003) or net neutrality (started in 2005) the FCC will actually manage to resolve first, after more than a decade of heated fulmination exceeded only by the FCC's incompetence."
Apple eBooks Case: Supreme Court Refuses to Defend Permissionless Innovation
Today, the Supreme Court declined to review a Second Circuit decision that held Apple violated the antitrust laws by fixing ebook prices when, in preparing to launch its own iBookstore, it negotiated a deal with publishers that would allow them to set prices above Amazon's one-size-fits-all $9.99 price. The appeals court reached its decision by applying the strict per se rule, which ignores any procompetitive justifications of a challenged business practice. The dissent had argued that Apple "was unwilling to [enter the ebook market] on terms that would incur a loss on e-book sales (as would happen if it met Amazon's below-cost price)," and thus that Apple's agreement with major publishers actually benefitted consumers by facilitating competition in the ebooks market, even if it meant higher prices for some ebooks.
The Supreme Court's refusal to hear the case means the 2013 verdict against Apple, resulting in a $450 million dollar class-action settlement, will stand. The case began in 2010 when Apple negotiated with five major publishers, adopting an agency pricing model in which the publishers set a book's price and gave a sales commission to Apple. This pricing model is distinct from Amazon's previously dominant model, where t was allowed to unilaterally set e-book prices — often for below cost as a loss leader strategy to encourage sales of its own Kindle reader and promote the overall Amazon platform. The Justice Department claimed that Apple's agency model amounted to antitrust conspiracy — and the Second Circuit agreed. Meanwhile, Apple's entry reduced Amazon's share of the ebooks market from 90% to 60%.
"The question here wasn't actually whether Apple should win, but whether Apple should even be allowed to argue that its arrangement could benefit consumers," said TechFreedom President Berin Szoka. "Apple made a strong case that its deal with publishers was critical to allowing it compete with Amazon. The Supreme Court might or might not have found those arguments convincing, but it should have at least weighed them under antitrust's flexible rule of reason. By letting the rigid per se deal stand as the controlling legal standard, the Court has ensured that antitrust law in general will put obsolete legal precedents from the pre-digital era above consumer welfare."
"Business model innovation is no less essential for progress than technological innovation," concluded Szoka. "Indeed, the two usually go hand in hand. And new business models are usually essential to unseating the first mover in new markets like ebook publishing, especially when the first mover sets artificially low prices. Categorically banning deals that attempt to rebalance pricing power between distributors and publishers in multi-sided markets likely means strangling competition in its crib. Unfortunately, the real costs of today's decision will go unseen: without an opportunity to defend new business models, innovative companies like Apple will be less likely to attempt to disrupt the dominance of entrenched incumbents. Consumers will simply never know how much today's decision cost them."
Read more about the argument for reversing the Second Circuit and applying a rule of reason to novel business arrangements in the amicus brief filed by the International Center for Law & Economics and eleven leading antitrust scholars. Truth on the Market, a blog dedicated to law and economics, held ablog symposium on the case last month.
Bipartisan Digital Security Commission Is Only Way to Avoid PATRIOT-Style Legislative Panic
by Berin Szoka on February 29, 2016 · 0 comments
Today, Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX) and Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) introduced legislation to create a blue ribbon commission that would examine the challenges encryption and other forms of digital security pose to law enforcement and national security. The sixteen-member commission will be made up of experts from law enforcement, the tech industry, privacy advocacy and other important stakeholders in the debate and will be required to present an initial report after six months and final recommendations within a year.
In today's Tech Policy Podcast, TechFreedom President Berin Szoka and Ryan Hagemann, the Niskanen Center's technology and civil liberties policy analyst, discussed the commission's potential.
"I see this commission as an ideal resting place for this debate," Hagemann said. "Certainly what we're trying to avoid is pushing through any sort of knee-jerk legislation that Senators Feinstein or Burr would propose, especially in the wake of a new terrorist attack."
"I share the chairman's concerns that since we're not making any headway on these issues in the public forum, what is really needed here is for Congress to take some level of decisive action and get all of the people who have something to gain as well as something to lose in this debate to just sit down and talk through the issues that all parties have," he continued.
"I think it's going to come out and say that there is no middle ground on end-to-end encryption, but it's probably going to deal with the Apple situation very specifically," Szoka said. "I think you're going to see some standard that is going to be probably a little more demanding upon law enforcement than what law enforcement wants under the All Writs Act."
FCC Violates Basic Legal Principles in Rush to Regulate Set-Top Boxes
Today, the FCC voted on a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would force pay-tv or multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) to change their existing equipment to allow third-party set-top boxes to carry their signals. Currently, MVPD subscribers typically pay $15–20/month to lease set-top boxes from their cable, satellite, or telco video provider. Those set-top boxes allow subscribers to view video programming on their TVs and, in some cases, also provide access to online video distributors (OVDs) such as Netflix and Hulu. However, Chairman Wheeler and some interest groups say those leasing fees are too high, that MVPDs have a stranglehold on video programming, and that the set-top box market must be opened to competition from third parties.
"Regulating set-top boxes may do serious damage to video programmers, especially small ones and those geared to minorities," said Berin Szoka. "That's why Congressional Democrats, minority groups and other voices have urged caution. Yet FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler blithely dismisses these concerns, insisting that 'this is just the beginning of a fact-finding process.' Do not believe him. If that were true, the FCC would issue a Notice of Inquiry to gather data to inform a regulatory proposal. Instead, the FCC has issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. That means the FCC Chairman has already made up his mind, and that the agency is unlikely to adjust course."
"This is simply the latest example of the FCC abusing the rulemaking process by bypassing the Notice of Inquiry," concluded Szoka. "Every time the FCC does this, it means the gun is already loaded, and 'fact-finding' is a mere formality. It's high time Congress put a stop to this pretense of objectivity and require the FCC to begin all major rulemakings with an NOI. That key reform was at the heart of an FCC reform bill initially proposed by Republicans in 2013 — but, tellingly, removed at the insistence of Congressional Democrats."
The FCC's proposal is based on the recommendations of the Downloadable Security Technology Advisory Committee ("DSTAC"), which was directed to investigate this issue by Congress in the STELA Reauthorization Act of 2014.
"The FCC is also abusing the advisory committee process—once again," argued Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "The Commission acts as if the DSTAC unanimously supported the NPRM's proposal. In fact, the DSTAC recommended two alternative approaches, only one of which was taken up by the FCC. This is only the most recent example of the FCC abusing the advisory committee process, denying broad input from stakeholders and steering the committee to issue recommendations that suit the administration's policy preferences. The FCC should have used an NOI to seek comment on both the DSTAC recommendations. But at the very least, Chairman Wheeler should drop his absurd pretense that the FCC is merely beginning a fact-finding process."
TechFreedom Sues the FAA on Drone Regulations
TechFreedom has sued the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") to overturn the agency's recently adopted "interim" drone regulations, which require that drones that weigh over 250 grams be registered for a $5 fee.
"Whether or or not requiring drone registration is a wise policy, the rules the FAA rushed out before Christmas are unlawful," said Berin Szoka, President of TechFreedom. "They exceed the authority Congress has given the FAA. Moreover, the agency illegally bypassed the most basic transparency requirement in administrative law: that it provide an opportunity for the affected public to comment on its regulations. That means the FAA could not fully consider the real-world complexities of regulating drones. Thus, the FAA's rules could lead to a host of unintended consequences."
"The notice-and-comment rulemaking process serves an important role in ensuring that regulation doesn't do more harm than good," said Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "It ensures that the agency is exposed to viewpoints from all the relevant stakeholders, and it forces the agency to weigh competing considerations before issuing a rule. The holiday rush did not justify the FAA bypassing standard notice-and-comment rulemaking, and the paltry cost-benefit analysis contained in the IFR does not pass muster. The D.C. Circuit should set aside these interim rules and force the FAA to go back to the drawing board."
See TechFreedom's petition for review here.
20 Years Later: Congress Didn't See the Internet Coming
by Berin Szoka on February 8, 2016 · 0 comments
Twenty years ago today, President Clinton signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996. John Podesta, his chief of staff immediately saw the problem: "Aside from hooking up schools and libraries, and with the rather major exception of censorship, Congress simply legislated as if the Net were not there."
Here's our take on what Congress got right (some key things), what it got wrong (most things), and what an update to the key laws that regulate the Internet should look like. The short version is:
End FCC censorship of "indecency"
Focus on promoting competition
Focus regulation on consumers rather than arbitrary technological silos or political whim
Get the FCC out of the business of helping government surveillance
Trying, and Failing, to Censor the Net
Good: The Act is most famous for Section 230, which made Facebook and Twitter possible. Without 230, such platforms would have been held liable for the speech of their users — just as newspapers are liable for letters to the editor. Trying to screen user content would simply have been impossible. Sharing user-generated content (UGC) on sites like YouTube and social networks would've been tightly controlled or simply might never have taken off. Without Section 230, we might all still be locked in to AOL!
Bad: Still, the Act was very much driven by a technopanic over "protecting the children."
Internet Censorship. 230 was married to a draconian crackdown on Internet indecency. Aimed at keeping pornography away from minors, the rest of the Communications Decency Act — rolled into the Telecom Act — would have required age verification of all users, not just on porn sites, but probably any UGC site, too. Fortunately, the Supreme Court struck this down as a ban on anonymous speech online.
Broadcast Censorship. Unfortunately, the FCC is still in the censorship business for traditional broadcasting. The 1996 Act did nothing to check the agency's broad powers to decide how long a glimpse of a butt or a nipple is too much for Americans' sensitive eyes.
Unleashing Competition—Slowly
Good: Congress unleashed over $1.3 trillion in private broadband investment, pitting telephone companies and cable companies against each other in a race to serve consumers — for voice, video andbroadband service.
Legalizing Telco Video. In 1984, Congress had (mostly) prohibited telcos from providing video service — largely on the assumption that it was a monopoly. Congress reversed that, which eventually meant telcos had the incentive to invest in networks that could carry video — and super-fast broadband.
Breaking Local Monopolies. Congress also barred localities from blocking new entry by denying a video "franchise."
Encouraging Cable Investment. The 1992 Cable Act had briefly imposed price regulation on basic cable packages. This proved so disastrous that the Democratic FCC retreated — but only after killing a cycle of investment and upgrades, delaying cable modem service by years. In 1996, Congress finally put a stake through the heart of such rate regulation, removing investment-killing uncertainty.
Bad: While the Act laid the foundations for what became facilities-based network competition, its immediate focus was pathetically short-sighted: trying to engineer artificial competition for telephone service.
Unbundling Mandates. The Act created an elaborate set of requirements that telephone companies "unbundle" parts of their networks so that resellers could use them, at sweetheart prices, to provide "competitive" service. The FCC then spent the next nine years fighting over how to set these rates.
Failure of Vision. Meanwhile, competing networks provided fierce competition: cable providers gained over half the telephony market with a VoIP service, and 47% of customers have simply cut the cord — switching entirely to wireless. Though the FCC refuses to recognize it, broadband is becoming more competitive, too: 2014 saw telcos invest in massive upgrades, bringing 25–75 Mbps speeds to more than half the country by pushing fiber closer to homes. The cable-telco horse race is fiercer than ever — and Google Fiber has expanded its deployment of a third pipe to the home, while cable companies are upgrading to provide gigabit-plus speeds and wireless broadband has become a real alternative for rural America.
Delaying Fiber. The greatest cost of the FCC's unbundling shenanigans was delaying the major investments telcos needed to keep up with cable. Not until 2003 did the FCC make clear that it would not impose unbundling mandates on fiber — which pushed Verizon to begin planning its FiOS fiber-to-the-home network. The other crucial step came in 2006, when the Commission finally clamped down on localities that demanded lavish ransoms for allowing the deployment of new networks, which stifled competition.
Good: With the notable exception of unbundling mandates, the Act was broadly deregulatory.
General thrust. Congress could hardly have been more clear: "It is the policy of the United States… to preserve the vibrant and competitive free market that presently exists for the Internet and other interactive computer services, unfettered by Federal or State regulation."
Ongoing Review & Deregulation. Congress gave the FCC broad discretion to ratchet down regulation to promote competition.
Bad: The Clinton Administration realized that technological change was rapidly erasing the lines separating different markets, and had proposed a more technology-neutral approach in 1993. But Congress rejected that approach. The Act continued to regulate by dividing technologies into silos: broadcasting (Title III), telephone (Title II) and cable (Title VI). Title I became a catch-all for everything else. Crucially, Congress didn't draw a clear line between Title I and Title II, setting in motion a high-stakes fight that continues today.
Away from Regulatory Silos. Bill Kennard, Clinton's FCC Chairman, quickly saw just how obsolete the Act was. His 1999 Strategic Plan remains a roadmap for FCC reform.
Away from Title II. Kennard also indicated that he favored placing all broadband in Title I — mainly because he understood that Title II was designed for a monopoly and would tend to perpetuate it. Vibrant competition between telcos and cable companies could happen only under Title I. But it was the Bush FCC that made this official, classifying cable modem as Title I in 2002 and telco DSL in 2005.
Net Neutrality Confusion. The FCC spent a decade trying to figure out how to regulate net neutrality, losing in court twice, distracting the agency from higher priorities — like promoting broadband deployment and adoption — and making telecom policy, once an area of non-partisan pragmatism, a fiercely partisan ideological cesspool.
Back to Title II. In 2015, the FCC reclassified broadband under Title II — not because it didn't have other legal options for regulating net neutrality, but because President Obama said it should. He made the issue part of his re-assertion of authority after Democrats lost the 2014 midterm elections. Net neutrality and Title II became synonymous, even though they have little to do with each other. Now, the FCC's back in court for the third time.
Inventing a New Act. Unless the courts stop it, the FCC will exploit the ambiguities of the '96 Act to essentially write a new Act out of thin air: regulating way up with Title II, using its forbearance powers to temporarily suspend politically toxic parts of the Act (like unbundling), and inventing wholly new rules that give the FCC maximum discretion—while claiming the power to do anything that somehow promotes broadband. The FCC calls this all "modernization" but it's really a staggering power grab that allows the FCC to control the Internet in the murkiest way possible.
Bottom line: The 1996 Act gives the FCC broad authority to regulate in the "public interest," without effectively requiring the FCC to gauge the competitive effects of what it does. The agency's stuck in a kind of Groundhog Day of over-regulation, constantly over-doing it without ever learning from its mistakes.
Time for a #CommActUpdate
Censorship. The FCC continues to censor dirty words and even brief glimpses of skin on television because of a 1978 decision that assumes parents are helpless to control their kids' media consumption. Today, parental control tools make this assumption obsolete: parents can easily block programming marked as inappropriate. Congress should require the FCC to focus on outright obscenity — and let parents choose for themselves.
Competition. If the 1996 Act served to allow two competing networks, a rewrite should focus on driving even fiercer cable-telco competition, encouraging Google Fiber and others to build a third pipe to the home, and making wireless an even stronger competitor.
Title II. If you wanted to protect cable companies from competition, you couldn't find a better way to do it than Title II. Closing that Pandora's Box forever will encourage companies like Google Fiber to enter the market. But Congress needs to finish what the 1996 Act started: it's not enough to stop localities from denying franchises video service (and thus broadband, too).
Local Barriers. Congress should crack down on the moronic local practices that have made deployment of new networks prohibitive — learning from the success of Google Fiber cities, which have cut red tape, lowered fees and generally gotten out of the way. Pending bipartisan legislationwould make these changes for federal assets, and require federal highway projects to include Dig Once conduits to make fiber deployment easier. That's particularly helpful for rural areas, which the FCC has ignored, but making deployment easier inside cities will require making municipal rights of way easier to use. Instead of rushing to build their own broadband networks, localities should have to first at least try to stimulate private deployment.
Regulation. Technological silos made little sense in 1993. Today, they're completely obsolete.
Unchecked Discretion. The FCC's right about one thing: rigid rules don't make sense either, given how fast technology is changing. But giving the FCC sweeping discretion is even more dangerous: it makes regulating the Internet inherently political, subject to presidential whim and highly sensitive to elections.
The Fix. There's a simple solution: write clear standards that let the FCC work across all communications technologies, but that require the FCC to prove that its tinkering actually makes consumers better off. As long as the FCC can do whatever it claims is in the "public interest," the Internet will never be safe.
Rethinking the FCC. Indeed, Congress should seriously consider breaking up the FCC, transferring its consumer protection functions to the Federal Trade Commission and its spectrum functions to the Commerce Department.
Encryption. Since 1994, the FCC has had the power to require "telecommunications services" to be wiretap-ready — and the discretion to decide how to interpret that term. Today, the FBI is pushing for a ban on end-to-end encryption — so law enforcement can get backdoor access into services like Snapchat. Unfortunately, foreign governments and malicious hackers could use those backdoors, too. Congress is stalling, but the FCC could give law enforcement exactly what it wants — using the same legal arguments it used to reclassify mobile broadband under Title II. Law enforcement is probably already using this possibility to pressure Internet companies against adopting secure encryption. Congress should stop the FCC from requiring back doors.
Congress Must Protect Online Speech from Frivolous Lawsuits
Today, TechFreedom and a coalition of free-market groups urged Congress to protect Americans against malicious or frivolous litigation that threatens to stifle free speech and undermine the digital economy. In a letter to the House Judiciary Committee, the coalition called for passage of H.R. 2304, the SPEAK FREE Act, which would give defendants across the nation access to a special motion to dismiss SLAPPs (strategic lawsuits against public participation). The bill would also empower courts to shift fees, so that defendants who prevail on an anti-SLAPP motion would not have to face legal costs.
The coalition letter reads:
Each year, a multitude of Americans fall victim to lawsuits called SLAPPs (strategic lawsuits against public participation) that are aimed at unfairly intimidating and silencing them. These kinds of lawsuits are highly effective, despite being without merit, since the legal costs, invasion of privacy, and hassle associated with fighting them is rarely considered a worthwhile use of individuals' time.
"SLAPPs threaten online free speech and the business models that thrive on consumer reviews," said Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "Without an easy judicial mechanism to dismiss groundless lawsuits and shift fees, consumers and small businesses often have no choice but to relent to the demands of companies with deeper pockets. 28 states have already adopted anti-SLAPP standards — it's time for Congress to do the same."
We can be reached for comment at media@techfreedom.org.
Congress Must Pass Permanent Ban on Internet Access Taxes
by Berin Szoka on January 21, 2016 · 0 comments
Today, TechFreedom joined a coalition of over 40 organizations from across the country in urging Senate leadership to permanently ban taxes on Internet access. In a letter to Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Minority Leader Harry Reid, the coalition voiced support for a permanent extension of the Internet Tax Freedom Act (ITFA), which bans states and localities from imposing Internet access taxes and discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. The bill is currently embedded in H.R. 644, the Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Act.
The letter reads:
After decades of progress in connecting more Americans to the Internet, the lack of a permanent ban on Internet access taxes could reverse this progress. Numerous studies continue to show that cost remains an obstacle to Internet access and, if taxes on the Internet go up, even fewer people will be able to afford to go online. This would impede our nation's long held goal of universal Internet access.
"Americans' broadband bills shouldn't be used as bargaining chips by Senators who want to impose online sales taxes," said Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "For 17 years, the Internet access tax ban has helped encourage broadband adoption and investment. If Senators want an online sales tax, then pass it on the merits — but handcuffing a broadband tax with sales tax is irresponsible. Consumers are already facing the prospect of higher bills, as the FCC is likely to soon impose universal service fees on broadband as part of its Title II regime imposed in the name of 'net neutrality.' Let's not make that problem worse. The Senate should act quickly to end the uncertainty and pass permanent, Internet tax freedom."
Global Leaders Must Support Strong Encryption
This article was originally posted on techfreedom.org
On January 11, TechFreedom joined nearly 200 organizations, companies, and experts from more than 40 countries in urging world leaders to support strong encryption and to reject any law, policy, or mandate that would undermine digital security. In France, India, the U.K, China, the U.S., and beyond, governments are considering legislation and other proposals that would undermine strong encryption. The letter is now open to public support and is hosted at https://www.SecureTheInternet.org.
The letter concludes:
Strong encryption and the secure tools and systems that rely on it are critical to improving cybersecurity, fostering the digital economy, and protecting users. Our continued ability to leverage the internet for global growth and prosperity and as a tool for organizers and activists requires the ability and the right to communicate privately and securely through trustworthy networks.
"There's no middle ground on encryption," said Tom Struble, Policy Counsel at TechFreedom. "You either have encryption or you don't. Any vulnerability imposed for government use can be exploited by those who seek to do harm. Privacy in communications means governments must not ban or restrict access to encryption, or mandate or otherwise pressure companies to implement backdoors or other security vulnerabilities into their products."
FTC's Big Data Report Offers Little Analysis, Zero Economics
by Berin Szoka on January 7, 2016 · 1 comment
This article originally appeared at techfreedom.org
Yesterday, the FTC reiterated its age-old formula: there are benefits, there are risks, and here are some recommendations on what we regard as best practices. The report summarizes the workshop the agency held in October 2014, "Big Data: A Tool for Inclusion or Exclusion?"
Commissioner Ohlhausen issued a separate statement, saying the report gave "undue credence to hypothetical harms" and failed to "consider the powerful forces of economics and free-market competition," which might avoid some of the hypothetical harms in the report.
"The FTC is essentially saying, 'there are clear benefits to Big Data and there may also be risks, but we have no idea how large they are,'" said Berin Szoka. "That's not surprising, given that not a single economist participated in the FTC's Big Data workshop. The report repeats a litany of 'mights,' 'concerns' and 'worries' but few concrete examples of harm from Big Data analysis — and no actual analysis. Thus, it does little to advance understanding of how to address real Big Data harms without inadvertently chilling forms of 'discrimination' that actually help underserved and minority populations."
"Most notably," continued Szoka, "the report makes much of a single news piece suggesting that Staples charged higher prices online to customers who lived farther away from a Staples store — which was cherry-picked precisely because it's so hard to find examples where price discrimination results in higher prices for poor consumers. The report does not mention the obvious response: if consumers are shopping online anyway, comparison shopping is easy. So why would we think this would be an effective strategy for profit-maximizing firms?"
"The FTC can do a lot better than this," concluded Szoka. "The agency has an entire Bureau of Economics, which the Bureau of Consumer Protection stubbornly refuses to involve in its work — presumably out of the misguided notion that economic analysis is somehow anti-consumer. That's dead wrong. As with previous FTC reports since 2009, this one's 'recommendations' will have essentially regulatory effect. Moreover, the report announces that the FTC will bring Section 5 enforcement actions against Big Data companies that have 'reason to know' that their customers will use their analysis tools 'for discriminatory purposes.' That sounds uncontroversial, but all Big Data involves 'discrimination'; the real issue is harmful discrimination, and that's not going to be easy for Big Data platforms to assess. This kind of vague intermediary liability will likely deter Big Data innovations that could actually help consumers — like more flexible credit scoring."
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Old Mill Creek
Old Mill Creek Illinois Education Attainment Charts
This section of charts contains education data for Old Mill Creek Illinois based mainly on the latest year 2020 American Community Survey census data but also the survey from Common Core Data available for Public Elementary through Secondary Schools. In Figure 1, the percent of all people aged 25 years or older, who have either graduated from high school or completed the Graduate Equivalency Degree (GED) or some equivalent certification/credential. Old Mill Creek depicts it has a High School Grad or higher of 97% which is the third most percent high school graduates or better of all other places in the greater Old Mill Creek region. The city with the highest percent high school graduates or better in the area is Third Lake which depicts a high school graduates of 100% (only about 3.1% larger).
In Figure 2, the percentage of people aged 25 years or older who have graduated from college/university with at least a bachelor's degree is provided. Note that the bachelor's degree is also called a four-year degree because it normally takes four years of full-time study to finish the course curriculum required to obtain the degree. This chart portrays the proportion of the population in this region who are college graduates with at least a bachelor degree or higher. In many ways, this analysis alongside the prior chart are very quick measures of the level of education in any particular area. Old Mill Creek shows it has a Bachelors Degree or higher of 35% which is the second smallest as measured by percent with a bachelors degree or higher of all the other places in the local area. The city with the highest percent with a bachelors degree or higher in the area is Third Lake which shows a percent with a bachelors degree of 64% (about twice as large).
Figure 4 shows the percentage of people 25 years of age or older who either have no schooling at all or dropped out of school before being able to complete high school. Additionally, these are people who also do not have a Graduate Equivalency Degree (GED) or some other high school level type credential/student achievement. This analysis, along with the last two charts, provides another high level review and comparative data on the Old Mill Creek Illinois educational level. Old Mill Creek shows it has a School Dropout Rate of 3% which is less than most other places in the greater region. The city with the highest percent who dropped out of school in the area is Gurnee which depicts a percent who dropped out of school of 5% (47.6% larger).
Figure 5 provides a more detailed look at the educational attainment for Old Mill Creek Illinois. This chart provides the proportion of people aged 25 years of age or older and what was their level of educational attainment. The chart provides 5 broad categories including: No Education/No School, Some High School, High School or equivalent, Some college or Associates Degree, and Bachelors Degree or higher. Old Mill Creek has the largest proportion of percent of people with less than a high school education at 49% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with high school degree, ged, or equivalent at 13% of the total. Third, it has the second smallest when ranked by percent of people with no schooling of all the other places in the greater region in order of percent of people with some college or an associates degree at 35% of the total.
The next chart shows a break down of people who have received a bachelor's degree or higher advanced degree generally in a campus learning environment. In particular, Figure 6, provides the proportional breakdown of all the people who have received a postsecondary education along with what the level of advanced degree that was obtained. Note that these categories do not include any type professional development type activities such as those related to maintaining professional credentials in workshop lessons. Note Professional Degree includes medical, dental, lawyers, etc. Old Mill Creek has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with an associate degree at 64% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Wadsworth with 66%. Second, it has less than most other places in the area when ranked by percent of people with a bachelors degree at 22% of the total. Third, it has one of the largest proportions of percent of people with a masters degree at 5% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Gurnee with 5%.
The chart in Figure 7 shows the broad area of academic concentration or the discipline for people who have received a bachelors degree. This high level classification is essentially the field of study for which a degree was obtained. Old Mill Creek has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a science or engineering degree at 3.6% of the total. Second, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in a science or engineering related at 16.1% of the total. Third, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with an arts, humanities, or other degree at 5.4% of the total.
The next chart (Figure 8) provides a more detailed deep dive on the category of major degree obtained for people aged 25 years or older who earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Specifically, this frequency distribution details out what the major field of study was the degree obtained. Old Mill Creek has the largest proportion of percent of people with a degree in computers, mathematics and statistics at 37.5% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of people with a degree in psychology at 12.5% of the total and is ranked #1. Third, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in multidisciplinary studies at 3.6% of the total. Also, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in science and engineering related fields at 5.4% of the total. In addition, it has the largest proportion of percent of people with a degree in education at 5.4% of the total and is ranked #1. Furthermore, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in visual and performing arts at 1.8% of the total. Next it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with a degree in communications at 1.8% of the total.
Figure 9 provides comparative data between the places in the greater Old Mill Creek Illinois region for broad educational attainment. This analysis uses provides five broad education attainment categories including: No Education/No School, Some High School, High School or equivalent, Some college or Associates Degree, and Bachelors Degree or higher. Old Mill Creek has the largest proportion of percent of people with less than a high school degree at 48.7% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with high school (or ged) at 13.0% of the total. Third, it has the second smallest as measured by percent of people with no schooling of all the other places in the greater region when ranked by percent of people with some college or an associates degree at 35.1% of the total.
A more detailed frequency distribution of educational attainment is provided in Figure 10. In particular this illustration breaks out the highest levels of university educational opportunities beyond the four year college degree. Included in the breakout are the relative proportion of masters degrees, PhD/Doctorate/Doctorial holders, and professional degrees such as medicine, dentistry, lawyers, etc. Old Mill Creek has the largest proportion of percent of people with less than high school at 48.7% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people high school graduates (or ged) at 9.7% of the total. Third, it has the smallest proportion of percent of people with some college but not a graduate at 3.2% of the total. The next exhibit (Figure 11) provides detailed cross tabulation analysis that provides education success data broken out or cross tabulated by age group. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows. Figure 12 is a cross tabulation analysis that shows large educational success categories and is broken out or cross tabulated by racial group. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows.The final cross tabulation analysis is provided in Figure 13 and shows education success broken out by gender. Please note that the columns add to 100% and you must use the pagination buttons at the bottom of the table to see all the rows.
Old Mill Creek Illinois School Enrollment Charts
The next section of chart resources look at school enrollment by a variety of educational institutions and are categorized into a number of other groupings. Figure 14 provides the overall school enrollment by broad range of school age/level groupings. Old Mill Creek has the largest proportion of percent of children in grade 1 to 4 at 59.1% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of people in undergraduate colleges at 13.6% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 15 provides a simple high level comparison of the proportion of students that are enrolled in public schools versus students enrolled in private schools in the Old Mill Creek Illinois region. Old Mill Creek depicts percent enrolled in public schools approximately 3.2 times bigger as the percent enrolled in private schools.
The next comparison provided in Figure 16 shows the proportion of students enrolled in private schools versus students enrolled public schools for students enrolled in Kindergarten through 8th grade (grade 8) or (K through 8). Old Mill Creek depicts percent of children enrolled in public k-8 grades appreciably bigger as the percent of children enrolled in private k-8 grades.
The next chart in this series of resources shown in Figure 20 looks at the total number of students enrolled in any educational institution for each place in the greater Old Mill Creek region. (Total enrollment in this case includes all students from preschool all the way through students enrolled in graduate school.) Old Mill Creek shows it has a Total Enrolled of 25 which is the smallest as measured by total population enrolled in school of all the other places in the local area. The city with the highest total population enrolled in school in the area is Gurnee which shows a total population enrolled in school of 8,173 ( considerably bigger). Comparing total population enrolled in school to the United States average of 81,084,866, Old Mill Creek is only about 0.0% the size. Also, in comparison with the state of Illinois, total population enrolled in school of 3,228,360, Old Mill Creek is only about 0.0% the size.
The final chart in this series is Figure 22 and provides analysis data for the school year shown. The chart shows the proportion of kids/children that are enrolled in a pre-school public district versus those kids/children who are enrolled in a private pre-school oriented tuition institution (private salary/superintendent/etc.) Old Mill Creek Illinois has the largest proportion of public preschool enrollment at 100% of the total and is ranked #1.
Old Mill Creek Illinois Area Schools Charts
Figure 23 lists all the schools in the area along with the school district, county location and other program information/credential such as if they are a public charter school or private charter school or magnet school. Some of the Area Schools are: Millburn Elem School, Millburn Middle School, B J Hooper Elem School, Newport Elem School, and Oakland Elementary School. The next illustration in Figure 24 shows the total child school enrollment for all grades (through 12th grade) at the school shown using NCES data (Common Core of Data, Public Elementary-Secondary School Universe Survey.) Looking at Enrollment for Area Schools we find that Woodland Middle School ranks the largest with a value of 2,314 enrolled students. The next largest values are for: Grayslake North High School (1,536), Woodland Intermediate Sch (1,470), Lakes Community High School (1,422), and Millburn Elem School (930). The difference between the highest value (Woodland Middle School) and the next highest (Grayslake North High School) is that the enrolled students is about 50.7% larger.
Figure 25 show the ratio of the number of students to the number of teachers in the classroom. A good student to teacher ratio should be low because it indicates that there are less students for any one teacher to educate in a class and generally a better learning environment, better success and optimal teaching excellence. Teachers includes all educational staff such as special education teachers and any other educator. Note that distance learning (online learning/remote learning) is not included in these values. Looking at Student to Teacher Ratio for Area Schools we find that Laremont School ranks the largest with a value of 2.3 student to teacher ratio. The next largest values are for: Cyd Lash Academy (2.5), Grayslake North High School (9.9), Newport Elem School (10.4), and Millburn Elem School (10.5). The difference between the lowest value (Laremont School) and the next lowest (Cyd Lash Academy) is that the student to teacher ratio is only about 5.0% larger.
Old Mill Creek, Illinois Education Data
Figure 1: Old Mill Creek, IL At least High School Education
Figure 2: Old Mill Creek, IL Bachelors Degree or Better Education
Figure 4: Old Mill Creek, IL School Dropout Rate
Figure 5: Old Mill Creek, IL Education Attainment Breakdown
Figure 7: Old Mill Creek, IL Bachelors Degrees Field of Study
Figure 8: Old Mill Creek, IL Bachelors Degree Obtained
Figure 9: Old Mill Creek, IL Education Attainment by Level Comparison (Age 25+)
Figure 10: Old Mill Creek, IL Education Attainment Detailed Comparison (Age 25+)
Figure 11: Old Mill Creek, IL Detailed Education Attainment Breakout by Age Group (Age 18+)
Figure 12: Old Mill Creek, IL Detailed Education Attainment Breakout by Race (Age 25+)
Figure 13: Old Mill Creek, IL Detailed Male and Female breakdown of Educational Attainment
Figure 14: Old Mill Creek, IL School Enrollment by Aggregate Categories
Figure 15: Old Mill Creek, IL Overall Public vs. Private School Enrollment
Figure 16: Old Mill Creek, IL Public vs. Private K-8 School Enrollment
Figure 17: Old Mill Creek, IL Public vs. Private High School Enrollment
Figure 18: Old Mill Creek, IL Public vs. Private College Enrollment
Figure 19: Old Mill Creek, IL Public vs. Private Graduate or Professional School Enrollment
Figure 20: Old Mill Creek, IL Total Enrolled in Schools
Figure 22: Old Mill Creek, IL Public vs. Private Preschool
Figure 23: List of Schools in the Old Mill Creek, IL Area (2013)
Figure 24: Old Mill Creek, IL School Enrollment (2013)
Figure 26: Old Mill Creek, IL School Racial Mix (2013)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
in: 1992 births, Chicago Blackhawks draft picks, Chicago Blackhawks players,
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
AIK IF players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Swedish ice hockey players
Swedish Hockey League
Joakim Nordstrom
Born February 25, 1992 (1992-02-25) (age 29)
Tyresö, Sweden
NHL team
Former teams Carolina Hurricanes
Joakim Nordstrom (born February 25, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Joakim was selected by the Blackhawks in the third round (90th overall) in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. On September 23, 2010, he made his SHL debut against Södertälje SK.
On May 29, 2012, Joakim signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blackhawks on May 29, 2012, but he remained with AIK for the 2012–13 season.
On October 1, 2013, he made his NHL debut with the Blackhawks and on October 11, 2013, he scored his first NHL goal against Kevin Poulin of the New York Islanders.
During the 2014–15 NHL season, Joakim played a career-high 38 regular season games and played in three playoff games with the Blackhawks. While playing with the Rockford IceHogs, he was named the team captain and had 9 goals & 7 assists in 23 games with the team.
On March 13, 2015, he was suspended for two games for boarding against Arizona Coyotes defenseman Oliver Ekman-Larsson in a game the previous night.
On September 2, 2015, Joakim signed a one-year contract to remain with the Blackhawks, but on September 11, 2015, he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes along with Kris Versteeg and a third-round pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft.
2009–10 AIK J20 28 6 9 15 53 — — — — —
2009–10 AIK Swe.1 2 0 0 0 0 — — — — —
2010–11 AIK J20 25 9 11 20 36 — — — — —
2010–11 AIK SEL 11 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
2011–12 AIK SEL 47 3 3 6 4 10 1 2 3 2
2012–13 AIK SEL 43 5 4 9 29 — — — — —
2012–13 Rockford IceHogs AHL 11 0 3 3 12 — — — — —
2013–14 Chicago Blackhawks NHL 16 1 2 3 2 7 0 0 0 0
2013–14 Rockford IceHogs AHL 58 17 16 33 21 — — — — —
2014–15 Rockford IceHogs AHL 23 9 7 16 19 — — — — —
2015–16 Carolina Hurricanes NHL 71 10 14 24 12 — — — — —
2015–16 Charlotte Checkers AHL 2 1 0 1 0 — — — — —
2016–17 Carolina Hurricanes NHL 82 7 5 12 17 — — — — —
SHL totals
2010 Sweden WJC18 Template:Sica 6 0 2 2 6
2012 Sweden WJC Template:Goca 6 4 1 5 0
Competitor for Sweden
World Junior Championships
Gold 2012 Calgary
Silver 2010 Minsk
Joakim is the brother of Dennis Nordstrom.
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks


L: 45" x W: 17.5" x H: 54"
Devan Bedroom Chest The traditional shape and accenting of Craftsman style is perfectly achieved in the design of the Devan bedroom chest. This piece is offered in a rustic finish that accentuates the natural characteristics of the solid poplar wood lends to the design, while antiqued bronze finished hardware adorns each case piece. Drawers and door storage provide ample storage space for your personal items.
The traditional shape and accenting of Craftsman style is perfectly achieved in the design of the Devan bedroom chest. This piece is offered in a rustic finish that accentuates the natural characteristics of the solid poplar wood lends to the design, while antiqued bronze finished hardware adorns each case piece. Drawers and door storage provide ample storage space for your personal items.
L: 45" x W: 17.5" x H: 54" Weight: 135 lbs.


3-room house on 2 levels. Comfortable furnishings: living/dining room with TV (flat screen), CD-player and DVD. Open kitchen (4 hot plates, oven, dishwasher, microwave). Shower/WC. Upper floor: 1 room with 1 double bed. 1 room with 2 beds. Heating. Facilities: washing machine, children's high chair, baby cot (extra). Internet (WiFi, free). Please note: non-smoking house. TV only EN.
Comfortable terraced house "An Garrow". In the centre of St. Ives, 400 m from the sea, 400 m from the beach. Public car park at 250 m, extra. Shop, restaurant, bar 250 m, bus stop "Royal Square" 100 m, railway station "St Ives" 600 m, sandy beach "Porthminster" 400 m. Golf course (18 hole) 6 km. Nearby attractions: Kidz R Us Theatre 150 m, Tate St. Ives 500 m, St Ives Museum 900 m, Tremenheere Sculpture Gardens 10 km, Eden Project 40 km. Hiking paths: Cornwall Coastal Path 700 m.


This site section is exclusively meant for US retailers who are buying and reselling our products. Currency and Shipping are based on your account location. This is a secure area and you must have a password to enter.


We are looking for a self-motivated individual to work in a busy but rewarding environment. You will be based at Ty Seren in Cardiff. You will provide maintenance, repairs and redecorating support for the hostels.


text:
7.3 Quake Hits Northeastern Indonesia
Sun, 21 Jan 2007 08:27 UTC
JAKARTA, Indonesia - A 7.3-magnitude earthquake struck Sunday in the Molucca Sea about 100 miles east of Sulawesi Island in northeastern Indonesia, the U.S. Geological Survey said.
The quake was large enough to cause a tsunami, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said in a statement, but no tsunami warning was immediately issued.
The epicenter of the major quake was about 80 miles from the city of Ternate, in north eastern Indonesia, it said. It had a depth of more than six miles below the ocean floor.
An official with the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii told The Associated Press that a basin-wide tsunami - one that travels a great distance or across an ocean - isn't expected, though a tsunami near the earthquake's site is ''always possible.''
''Given the size of the earthquake, we think a basin-wide tsunami isn't likely, though a local tsunami could be possible,'' said Brian Shiro, a geophysicist at the tsunami center.
Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago, is prone to seismic upheaval due to its location on the so-called Pacific ''Ring of Fire,'' an arc of volcanos and fault lines encircling the Pacific Basin.
In December 2004, a massive earthquake struck off Indonesia's Sumatra island and triggered a tsunami that killed more than 230,000 lives - 131,000 people in Indonesia's Aceh province alone.
Estonia invites NATO troops to deploy in country, near Russian border
As a former US intelligence officer, I see a red flag in the CIA's latest anti-Russia playbook
Reality bites: Biden's Jim Crow 2.0 tour collides with the fact that Blacks strongly support voter ID
Best of the Web: Tonga volcano eruption created puzzling ripples in Earth's atmosphere
my growing years, were spent primarily outdoors, mostly because, being inside gave me a confined feeling, it felt unnatural, I needed to be...
Shangri
OK, while I criticize AA for failing to disclaim/proclaim satire etc. and believe he should at least footnote it, here's an example of why I find...
Rowan Cocoan
"understand the well-intended social justice goals" - Which is another way of saying that blacks are committing the crimes. Oh yeah, hold the...


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The Winnebago County Medical Society represents a grass roots effort to meet face to face with legislators at state and national levels for discussion.
The Winnebago County Medical Society represents a grass roots effort to meet face to face with legislators at state and national levels to discuss pending legislation relative to the practice of medicine. We inform members of pending legislation that needs immediate attention so they may become involved in the legislative process by contacting legislators. Physicians may access updated information on current legislation through the Illinois State Medical Society's web site: www.isms.org or the American Medical Association's web site: www.ama-assn.org.
Members receive regular newsletters that provide information on federal and state laws and regulations.
Members receive regular newsletters that provide information on federal and state laws and regulations that affect physicians, patients, and the practice of medicine. Members are encouraged to offer articles on their special interests, socioeconomic issues and events. The newsletter also keeps physicians informed of monthly events, programs and services and highlights CME programs in the area.
The Winnebago County Medical Society offers educational opportunities through programs in practice management, socioeconomic and personal/professional growth.
The Winnebago County Medical Society offers educational opportunities through programs in practice management, socioeconomic and personal/professional growth. Continuing Medical Education (CME) is available through some of the programs.
Through participation in the WCMS, you have the opportunity to be directly involved in the discussion and deliberation that shapes policies that affect your practice, the operation of the WCMS and its many programs and activities, and the health care environment.
The Winnebago County Medical Society constantly seeks ways to market our medical society and better retain and recruit members.
Through participation in the WCMS, physicians have the opportunity to be directly involved in the discussions and deliberations that shape policies that affect their practices, the operation the WCMS and its many programs and activities.
We work with RRVBC on community health issues.
The WCMS Alliance formed a coalition to address the concern physicians have with the problem of childhood obesity.
The Winnebago County Medical Society (WCMS) and the WCMS Alliance formed a coalition to address the concern physicians have with the problem of childhood obesity. The task force has established the Food is Elemenatry program at the Rockford Public School Maria Montessori Elementary School and the Discovery Center Museum after school program. Haskell Academy community will be the focus this year.
Work with the Council on various priorities for measuring and establishing programs to better the health of the community.


text:
Posted on August 18, 2020 by Portsmouth Daily Times
DeWine: fall contact sports can play
By Paul Boggs - pboggs@aimmediamidwest.com
PORTSMOUTH — At long last, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine has finally decided regarding fall "full contact" sports.
However, it's going to be up to individual Ohio school districts to decide when — and or even if — those "full contact" sports start, can continue and perhaps most importantly, make it across the proverbial finish line.
During his Tuesday coronavirus press briefing, DeWine said that fall "full contact" sports —which have been practicing since Aug. 1 in anticipation for a season — can proceed forward, on time and as scheduled.
"I think by what we're doing today, we're empowering our young people, we're empowering the parents, we're empowering the schools," he said. "These are all tough decisions. There's not necessarily a right or wrong answer. We just ask everyone to weigh everything to make the best individual decision for that particular child, for that team, for that school. Sports matter and make a difference. Any person not playing sports will find something else to do with their time. Hope itself is not a plan. It's not a strategy. We all should have hope, but we should also have a plan. If this goes the wrong way, we can shut all of this down. We would ask you, those who are making the decision to play to look at the plan we have and try the best you can to execute that."
As part of that plan, the number of spectators will be drastically reduced — and will be limited to immediate family members of student-athletes, or those considered "close" to them.
That issue, too, will be one left to be sorted out by individual school districts.
"We will not have spectators other than family members or people very close to that particular child," said DeWine.
An announcement on fall sports has been anticipated for weeks, especially within the last few days, as DeWine and Ohio Lt. Gov. Jon Husted worked with Ohio High School Athletic Association officials throughout the past weekend on any detailed plans.
DeWine was asked specifically about fall sports during the media's question-and-answer session on Thursday as part of that press briefing.
He hinted that "full contact" sports would actually take place despite the continued coronavirus threat.
Hence, as he restated, the announcement was coming Tuesday.
Under an official Ohio Department of Health order, which was signed on July 4 and since extended twice, all inter-squad scrimmages and games for "full contact" sports could not take place — "unless ALL teams comply with the requirements outlined in Section 10 of this (ODH) Order to minimize the spread of COVID-19. This Order applies to both public and private activities and facilities."
In an e-mailed memo to member schools on July 28, the OHSAA announced the immediate and indefinite suspension of ALL inter-squad scrimmages and contests — and didn't anticipate that suspension was lifted time soon.
That suspension will now be lifted, as the soccer season is officially set to start on Friday — with the first weekend of football throughout the state set for the final weekend of this month.
The situation with fall sports was first mentioned in mid-March, but following the April 20 cancellation of the OHSAA's spring sports seasons, the focus shifted to saving the fall.
It was widely believed that DeWine was going to make some significant sports-related announcements earlier this month, but for five straight press briefings dating back to July 30, the proverbial can had been continuously kicked down the road.
DeWine has been repeatedly asked about "full contact" sports, as his office continually watches the statewide statistics showing increasing confirmed coronavirus cases.
More time was necessary to make a decision, he said.
That decision came on Tuesday, but also included extensive input —DeWine explained — from "parents", "schools" and "health departments."
As part of the formal proposal put together and released on Aug. 7 by the OHSAA, all Ohio high school football teams will play only six games in this regular season —which will begin the week of Aug. 24 and end the week of Sept. 28.
That press release proceeded an e-mailed memo to member schools from OHSAA interim Executive Director Bob Goldring, as he wrote that "while affirming that our fall sports seasons will start as planned, the modification will shorten the length of the 2020 football regular season to a six‐game schedule before the playoffs beginning."
The playoffs would begin on Friday, Oct. 9— with the state finals ending no later than Saturday, Nov. 21.
While most of the state presently presses on, many Ohio high school programs —including some of the larger districts in the larger cities —have either canceled fall sports or have delayed them until at least Oct. 1.
Several have shut down within the last month — due to either positive cases of the coronavirus or fears of it spreading among student-athletes and coaches.
Prior to DeWine's press briefing on Thursday, Columbus City Schools announced it was suspending ALL sports and extra-curricular activities, effective last Friday.
Those athletics activities shutdowns are largely based on the recommendation by individual county health departments, as the OHSAA holds firm that extra-curriculars are strictly a decision made by each individual Ohio school district.
On Monday night, Chesapeake became the first known Southeast District school to suspend all fall sports activities, including its 2020 football season.
The Panthers are a member of the Ohio Valley Conference along with Portsmouth High, and the two were scheduled to play at Chesapeake on Sept. 18.
The OVC, on Tuesday, was in the process of revising its initially-revised football schedule.
However, Chesapeake —and any other Ohio school district which has suspended its fall sports programs — will have the option to compete in the spring season, if it so chooses.
On Tuesday and following DeWine's press briefing, an invitation was extended to school principals, administrators and team coaches to participate in separate but wide-ranging conference calls.
The invitation was a joint effort by DeWine, Husted and staffs from the OHSAA, the ODH, and the Ohio Department of Education — with principals and administrators on the first call, football and soccer coaches on the second, and finally volleyball and cross country coaches on the last.
DeWine and Husted had planned to address school leaders directly and on topics of fall sports and a return to school.
https://www.portsmouth-dailytimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2020/08/web1_ohsaa-14.jpg
By Paul Boggs
pboggs@aimmediamidwest.com
Reach Paul Boggs at (740) 353-3101 ext. 1926, by email at pboggs@aimmediamidwest.com, or on Twitter @BoggsSports © 2020 Portsmouth Daily Times, all rights reserved
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: DeWine: fall contact sports can play. Here is a link to that story: http://www.portsmouth-dailytimes.com/sports/51754/dewine-fall-contact-sports-can-play


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« Ce text gastronomic încărcat de psihologie !
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text:
The Way of the Tracker
John Stokes was initially trained in hard-ground tracking by legendary Pitjantjatjara tracker Jimmy James while working at the Aboriginal Community College in 1981. Over the years he came to see with clarity that tracking was THE original human technology that could "cut through the Gordian knot of modern times." John's transformatively elegant proposal is that we have completely misunderstood what constitutes 'sophisticated' and what constitutes 'primitive.' As we begin to grasp this, our world begins to turn over.
In this two and a half hour video class, John goes deeply into stories about his upbringing and his work over the decades with Indigenous Elders, and people around the world.
Tracking is a metativity in the Restorative Practices model: a meditation, a metaphor, and an activity. The lens of tracking can be applied internally, externally, and relationally to Self, Others, and the Living World. So tracking, as a lens, is related to most everything on the model. To explore primary branches moving out from the trunk of tracking, first with regard to nature awareness, see Tracking and the Arts of Life, Pattern Language of Nature, Bird Language, Sit Spot, and Orienting to the Four Directions. See Building Ropes. For tracking in relationships, see Relational Mindfulness with Lee Mun Wah. See Reflective Listening. See Tracking Physiology (Polyvagally). For tracking in relationship to self-awareness, see Dream Tracking.
All of our deep nature awareness mentors are trackers. John Stokes directs The Tracking Project.
Check here for classes. Coming soon...


text:
Ein studentisches Projekt, entstanden im Sommersemester 2017 an der Fachhochschule Potsdam

Rückfragen und Kontakt: i.u.b [at] web.de

Inhalte und Abbildungen verfügbar als CC-BY-NC-SA

Quellcode dieser Website verfügbar unter der MIT Lizenz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Christian Bolo Ties are very popular and a great way to express your faith in God. Neck ties can be traced back hundreds of years ago and are still worn today with the same zeal. Other religious bolo ties include Noah's Ark, Christian Fish, Christian Crosses, Hebraic, Holy Bible and Jesus Christ Bolo Ties.
Religious and Christian bolo ties are a wonderful way in which to spread the faith and to help someone find their own. These men's neckties can be worn during religious holidays, Sunday service, on Easter Sunday and the Christmas season. Men's religious bolo ties are a great way to start a conversation with a friend or an acquaintance. Our new and vintage Christian ties are inspirational and an important reminder of His sacrifice for mankind. Many bolo ties feature Christ's Cross. Discover a nice selection of beautiful new and vintage religious and Christian men's bolo ties that are perfect accessories all year round for yourself or a loved one.
The modern necktie traces its history back to the early 1630's when a large number of Croatian mercenaries came to Paris in support of King Louis XIV and Cardinal Richelieu of Three Musketeers fame. The French were instantly enamored by their outfits because of the unusual scarves tied about their necks, ranging from coarse material for the common soldier to fine silk for officers. They called these scarves cravats, though the origin of the word is up for debate. The most widely held opinion is that it is a corruption of "Croat." One thing is certain, the military and courtiers immediately began copying the Croatians style.
Taos Cross using Up-cycled treasures and vintage jewelry.


A health middle could be used by the typical individual in search of workouts or by skilled athletes, especially in specific disciplines. In response to the article Fitness Centers- Whole Building Information" from the web site , this health, leisure, and social facility is geared in direction of exercise, sports activities, and other bodily activities." Most fitness centers attempt to accommodate many various kinds of train or sport amenities under one roof. Today's gyms offer quite a lot of indoor actions, facilities, and events. And identical to fitness facilities, there are lots of sizes and kinds. Some gyms focus solely on weight training or lifting. In fact, that was your typical health club. Others are equipped with cardiovascular machines, and/ or offer classes. Particular-activity gyms also embrace aerobics, martial arts, and Pilates. There are also 24-hour gyms, which as the name implies, are open 24 hours a day; girls-solely gyms akin to Curves; religious gyms, and household gyms.
Oh look, new month-to-month challenge started immediately and the same cheaters are in it, dishonest away in September. I absolutely count on the canned copy/paste response I've obtained from the horrible builders of this app again this month. Cease telling us you are conscious of people cheating. Do something about them and ban their accounts from doing challenges.
Whats up Kristina Shirley! We apologize for the issue that you're having. Please give considered one of our brokers a call in order that we can look into the issue. You may reach us at 1-855-795-0509. Thanks! Howdy Challan! We apologize for any inconvenience this may occasionally have precipitated you. To resolve, please restart your machine and make it possible for your app is updated by launching S Health – More – Settings – About S Well being – Check for updates. You may also go to Settings – Functions – Application Supervisor – S Health – Clear cache. Thanks!
The focus of public well being interventions is to stop and handle diseases, injuries and other well being conditions by surveillance of circumstances and the promotion of wholesome habits , communities , and (in aspects relevant to human health) environments Its purpose is to stop well being problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing educational packages , developing insurance policies , administering providers and conducting research forty seven In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be very important to preventing it in others, similar to during an outbreak Vaccination applications and distribution of condoms to forestall the spread of communicable diseases are examples of widespread preventive public well being measures, as are instructional campaigns to promote vaccination and using condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).
Tanita Duo Scale Plus has some good options that others lack, particularly a complicated calorie consumption analyzer that tells users what number of energy they need to eat to satisfy their goals, in addition to comparison modes to make the work just a little easier. The glossy design is another promoting point, although to be truthful there are other scales on this record that look more modern. Still, for a mix of design and function, Tanita is hard to beat.
⟵What Is President Trump's Health Care Plan?


TITUSVILLE, Fla., Dec. 11, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- The U.S. Air Force's first Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT)-built GPS III satellite is now encapsulated for its planned December 18 launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
GPS III SV01 is the first of an entirely new design of GPS satellite which will help the Air Force modernize today's GPS constellation with new technology and advanced capabilities. GPS III has three times better accuracy and up to eight times improved anti-jamming capabilities. Spacecraft life will extend to 15 years, 25 percent longer than any of the GPS satellites on-orbit today. GPS III's new L1C civil signal also will make it the first GPS satellite broadcasting a compatible signal with other international global navigation satellite systems, like Galileo, improving connectivity for civilian users.
"The world is dependent on GPS. More than four billion military, commercial and civilian users connect with signals generated by GPS satellites every day," said Johnathon Caldwell, Lockheed Martin's Vice President for Navigation Systems. "The launch of GPS III SV01 will be the first step in modernizing the Air Force's GPS constellation with the most powerful and resilient GPS satellites ever designed and built."
Lockheed Martin developed GPS III and manufactured GPS III SV01 at its advanced $128-million GPS III Processing Facility near Denver. In September 2017, the Air Force declared the satellite "Available for Launch" (AFL) and had the company place it into storage. Last Summer the Air Force "called up" the satellite for launch and Lockheed Martin delivered it to Florida on August 20. The Air Force nicknamed the satellite "Vespucci" after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
GPS III SV01 is the first of 10 GPS III satellites originally ordered by the Air Force. GPS III SV03-08 are now in various stages of assembly and test. In August, the Air Force declared the second GPS III "AFL" and, in November, called GPS III SV02 up for 2019 launch.


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text:
Living a Life on Hold
January 11, 2022 / 'Nathan Burgoine
Cover by the Amazing Inkspiral Design.
"Hope Echoes" is the novella that rounds out the trio of novellas in Three Left Turns to Nowhere (coming out next month from Bold Strokes Books!) after Jeffrey Ricker's opening "Roadside Assistance" and J. Marshall Freeman's "Scavenger Hunt." The three novellas all take place in Hopewell, Ontario, our fictionalized northern Ontario town where our protagonists all find themselves stuck on their way to an event in Toronto. Hopewell is an odd little town—there's a kind of magic to the place that some of the locals think helps people find things, or other people, they might need. Of course, other locals think that's completely ridiculous, but our three queer teens all have a brush with Hopewell's magic.
When I first started writing "Hope Echoes," Ontario was under one of the lockdowns, and everything was very much on hold. Staring at the blinking cursor, it struck me how the feeling of everything being on hold could be a place to begin, and some of Fielding Roy's life started to come into focus.
Fielding is a young man whose life has been put on hold thanks to a trio of events: first, his single mother's hours at her job got cut way back, putting Fielding in a financially perilous place to start university as planned, so he made the choice to defer; second, his uncle had a major health issue, and Fielding taking over running his uncle's pet shop and animal rescue was a way to take some of the financial pressure off his family, but meant he didn't get to leave his hometown along with all the rest of his friends; and third, those friends are now in Toronto, at university, living the life he'd expected himself to be living, and it's underlining just how much he's not where he wants to be.
My own path to university got very tangled and delayed thanks to my coming out, but that's not Fielding's issue at all. He's out, and has been for a while, has supportive friends (albeit friends who are now hours and hours away and from whom he's feeling disconnected) and his mother, his uncle, and his cousin are all supportive, loving people. The reasons it feels like his life ground to halt aren't anything to do with him being queer.
That was purposeful. When my fellow Three Left Turns to Nowhere authors got together on a Zoom call to discuss our world building, events, and thematic notes, we'd all more-or-less agreed we didn't want the stories to be "suffering because queer." Similarly, initially we talked about how our fictional town of Hopewell, Ontario would have "kind of a Schitt's Creek vibe." I'd bumped into a story about Pride in Canadian Small Towns, and that helped shape Hopewell, as well—even down to deciding who the mayor would be. Now, Fielding still has a pretty sensible reaction to being trapped there without notice—he wonders how safe he might be—but I wanted "Hope Echoes" to be a queer YA story where Fielding's queerness wasn't ever the conflict.
Instead, Fielding has a knack. Sometimes, seemingly at random, Fielding catches glimpses of the past replaying itself. Prior to the events of "Hope Echoes," it's happened about once every other month or so for the last couple of years, and he's kept it very close to the chest because he's not sure how anyone would react—or, rather, he's afraid of how people are likely to react. Fielding's not entirely sure what's up with these echoes he sometimes sees, but when he gets to Hopewell and is killing time in a second-hand store, he sees one of these moments: a young woman, crying and upset, tucking a letter into the back of a book. When he checks, the letter is still there. He buys the book, finds out the letter is a long-lost queer love letter, and then—with the help of two locals—decides to deliver it, even if it will be decades late.
That's the set-up of "Hope Echoes." It's a story about a queer kid who really just wants his life to start, please. It's a story about Fielding catching a glimpse of a queer relationship from generations ago and wanting to know what happened—that's a facet of queerness I tend to explore often; we don't get to inherit a continuance of queer history or culture from our families, since the vast majority of us queer people don't have queer parents telling us about our queer grandparents—so finding these pieces of queer history (or queer fiction) are important. It's often the only way we see people like ourselves. It's why I write queer stories, to add to that chance that someone might bump into someone like themselves in one of my stories at just the right time.
But mostly? "Hope Echoes" is an adventure about Fielding and two new friends solving the mystery of the letter, about hoping for things to turn out well even when you're pretty sure they won't, and about the importance of letting things out when they get to be too much.
If you're on NetGalley, you can request an ARC of Three Left Turns to Nowhere, in exchange for a review. If you do make a request, please let me know so I can nudge my Publisher to approve the request. Right now, you can also pre-order at the Bold Strokes Books Webstore, which will release the book February 1st, ahead of the February 15th general release date.
hope echoes, j. marshall freeman, jeffrey ricker, novella, novellas, roadside assistance, scavenger hunt, three left turns to nowhere
← Three Left Turns to Nowhere—Now available on NetGalley!
Appearance: Left Bank Books, Wednesday, February 16, 7pm CT (8pm EST) →
3 thoughts on "Living a Life on Hold"
jfaraday
This sounds absolutely brilliant in so many ways, and I can't wait to read it.
Aw, thank you! 😀
Ordered it! Sounds wonderful!


I found the Rogue River in Oregon while looking for the House of Mystery.
On both ends of the bridge spanning the Klamath river, golden bears keep watch.
A stop along Hwy 101 to check out the Klamath River just after sunrise.


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Manufacturers' Call For A Trilateral Deal Has Been Answered
By September 30, 2018 6:40am Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on LinkedIn LinkedIn icon Share Link
Washington, D.C. – National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) President and CEO Jay Timmons released the following statement on the announcement of a revised NAFTA agreement:
Manufacturers are extremely encouraged that our call for a trilateral agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico has been answered, said NAM President and CEO Jay Timmons. Today, there's a massive amount of goods flowing across North America, meaning our countries' economies are inextricably linked. What's more, as the United States works to put an end to China's cheating and unfair trade practices, we are better off united with our North American allies. We welcome the administration's efforts to modernize this agreement and to create more opportunities for American manufacturing workers. As we review the agreement text, we will be looking to ensure that this deal opens markets, raises standards, provides enforcement and modernizes trade rules so that manufacturers across the United States can grow our economy.
NAM's Chuck Wetherington Testifies on the State of Trade for U.S. Small Businesses
ICYMI: NAM's Timmons Discusses Tariffs on Fox Business
NAM Encouraged by Talks with China


Nha Trang, a small town in Vietnam, located in the Khanh Hoa province is widely recognized because of it gorgeous beaches. In fact Nha Trang is often referred to as the 'Seaside Resort' of Vietnam. Having vast tranquil beaches and the finest climatic conditions, the Nha Trang Beaches, Vietnam are perfect for a lovely holiday.
You will be picked up from Cam Ranh Airport by our expert tour guide & private car.
Transfer to Nha Trang city (40 km), it takes 40 minutes.
Have lunch by Vietnamese foods at sea view restaurant (please advise if food allergies).
* Visit Chong Promontory - Stone Natural landscape and enjoy traditional music performance.
* Visit Ponagar Temple (Cham Tower) which was built rough 778 by Cham people.
* Free of leisure at hotel booked by yourself.
08:00: You will be picked up from Hotel. Begin the second day on Nha Trang bay by speed boat.
Have dinner. After dinner, walk around to discover night market.
* Enjoy Mud Bath & Hot Spring at I Resort center.
Clean bath, outdoor soaking mud, mud remove under high pressure spray.
Hot mineral soaking and massage body under the hot mineral waterfall.
Using mineral water systems massage by jet system.
Using other services of hot mineral spring.
Transfer to Cam Ranh Airport.


But either way it got me thinking about how to share the knowledge so I , along with Mark Dyde our super-tech started to improvise.
So whilst sitting around in the van while Phil Sullivan, our tour manager and Suzanne were off in the radio station doing the radio interview, Mark and I got busy in the van and thru Marks ingenuity we shot this impromptu video on his iPhone 5. We added a fretboard shot from his fancy camera and Mark edited all together on his laptop.
By the way, you will see that Suzanne and Phil came back before we could finish, so Mark and I decided to do the last section outside the roadside cafe in France on the way to Paris for our next Radio date.
Got it ? I hope you rock it !
This entry was posted in News and tagged Gerry Leonard, gerryleonard, gerryleonardgear, Queen of Pentacles, spookyghost, spookyghostgear, Suzanne, suzannevega, tour. Bookmark the permalink.
Thank you for this outstanding learning lesson! Like this song very much and be glad that you share your knowledge how to play it! By the way – it was a beautiful concert in Cologne – the way you performed it had impressed me!
Great, Mr. Leonard, you're a good teacher. Thanks a lot!


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text:
Trump praises Boris Johnson and Nigel Farage's Brexit Party win
President could meet Brexiteers during UK visit
Boer Deng, Washington
May 30 2019, 5:00pm, The Times
It is not known if the US president will see the two British politicians during his trip next weekKEVIN LAMARQUE/REUTERS
President Trump has praised Boris Johnson and Nigel Farage as two "big powers" in Britain and congratulated the Brexit Party leader for his success in the European elections.
"Nigel Farage is a friend of mine, Boris is a friend of mine. They are two very good guys, very interesting people," Mr Trump said today.
"Nigel's had a big victory, he's picked up 32 per cent of the vote starting from nothing and I think they are big powers over there, they have done a good job."
He said that he might take time to see Mr Farage and Mr Johnson on his state visit to the UK next week. The president is due to be received by Theresa May for a three-day visit from Monday…


Additive manufacturing technologies have enabled significant changes to the way we design complex components and create early prototypes. But the uptake of these new production methods beyond prototyping and small-scale production remains slow. Dr James Moultrie considers how manufacturers could be using these new additive manufacturing technologies more effectively for series production of components.
This article first appeared in the February 2019 issue of The Manufacturer magazine.


Convenience store located by the front entrance of the building.
Walking distance to the subway, University of Toronto, Yorkville, fabulous shops on Bloor and the ROM.
Convenient location for those who do not drive or have a vehicle.