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A Reading List for the Long Nineteenth Century
Pages Cultural Baggage: the Genteel World. In between: the Problem of the Middle Class. The Civilizing Process: the Morphology of Gentility. Under Control: the Genteel Body. During the 19th century, the population both expanded and urbanized. The far-right politician General Georges Boulanger arrived in While in control of Belgium, France and the Netherlands each tried to force assimilation of their national languages, but in neither case did their rule last long enough for the language to become fully entrenched across the region or for local dialects to be displaced.
In , 57 percent of Belgians spoke dialects of Dutch or Flemish as their primary language while 42 percent spoke dialects of French, such as Walloon , Picard or Gaumais. In Brussels, situated in a predominantly Dutch-speaking area, 38 percent spoke French in while 61 percent spoke Dutch; many residents spoke dialects such as Marols instead of the standard languages.
In , the area of modern-day Belgium was divided into two independently-governed polities, both part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Austrian Netherlands , which included most of the territory of modern-day Belgium, had been in existence since the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in when the Habsburg Monarchy annexed the section called the Spanish Netherlands from the Spanish branch of the house.
It was ruled by a line of prince-bishops. Many groups were unrepresented, [16] including the bourgeoisie, industrialists and lower clergy. In a meeting at the town hall, the democrat Jean-Nicolas Bassenge called for the reinstatement of two popular mayors who had been dismissed by the prince-bishop. The Prince-Bishop was reinstated. In the Austrian Netherlands, a populist revolt called the Brabant Revolution broke out in as a result of the perceived injustices of the Austrian regime.
Emperor Joseph II's liberal reforms particularly angered Catholics, who feared a further decline in church influence, while for some his policies had not been sufficiently radical or liberal. A loose confederation of states in the region was formed as the United Belgian States.
The use of the word "Belgium" in was the first time that the term had been officially employed to denote the region since Roman times. The liberal Vonckists , led by Jan Frans Vonck , were eventually denounced and forced into exile by their conservative rivals, the Statists , led by Henri Van der Noot.
French rule in the region was marked by the rapid implementation and extension of numerous reforms which had been passed in post-Revolution France since Legal equality and state secularism were also introduced. The important University of Louvain was dissolved and re-founded without its religious status. Lambert's Cathedral. Contingents of Belgian revolutionaries had served in the French army since , but after the occupation, compulsory military conscription was extended to Belgians, , of whom were forced into the French army by The policy was extremely unpopular, and an insurrection known as the Peasants' War broke out in East Flanders and the Ardennes in in response.
The period of French rule coincided with the start of the Industrial Revolution in Belgium. As the course of the Napoleonic Wars turned, the territory was invaded by Russian and Prussian forces. In an attempt to strengthen their position in Belgium, the Austrians began to recruit a Belgian Legion of infantry, cavalry and artillery, which was merged with the Dutch army. The Hundred Days' Campaign , launched by Napoleon after his escape from exile, was largely fought in Belgium in early , and Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo occurred just miles from Brussels.
After Napoleon's total defeat in , the Congress of Vienna merged the French territory in Belgium with the Netherlands to form the United Kingdom of the Netherlands as a buffer state against the French. The period of Dutch rule saw growing hostility between the Catholic Belgian provinces and the predominantly Protestant Dutch. The Belgian provinces also complained that they were underrepresented by the Kingdom's system of government, where 55 Belgian deputies were allocated to represent 3. Liberals in Belgium also accused William of attacking personal and religious freedoms.
The Belgian Revolution broke out on 25 August , after the performance of a nationalist opera La muette de Portici in Brussels led to a minor insurrection among the capital's bourgeoisie, who sang patriotic songs and captured some public buildings in the city.
This early revolutionary group was swelled by a large number of urban workers. The following day, the revolutionaries began flying their own flag, clearly influenced by that of the Brabant Revolution of The situation in Brussels led to widespread unrest across the country. William I rejected his son 's advice to negotiate with the rebels, forcing them towards a more radical, pro-independence stance, and sent a large military force to Brussels suppress the insurrection.
Between 23 and 27 September , heavy fighting took place between Dutch forces and Brussels revolutionaries, who were reinforced by small contingents from across the country. The Dutch were eventually forced to retreat. Dutch garrisons were pushed out of the area, until only Antwerp and Luxembourg remained occupied. In December, international governments at the Conference of London recognized the independence of Belgium and guaranteed its neutrality. In November , a National Congress was established to create a Belgian constitution.
The Southern Middle Class in the Long Nineteenth Century.
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Fears of mob rule associated with republicanism after the French Revolution of , as well as the example of the recent July Revolution in France, led the Congress to decide that Belgium would be a popular , constitutional monarchy. The Congress approached several candidates, but chose Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , a minor but well-connected German noble, to be the first King of the Belgians.
He was officially inaugurated on 21 July , after taking an oath to abide by the Constitution. Leopold I was generally unsatisfied with the amount of power allocated to the monarch, and sought to extend it wherever the Constitution was ambiguous or unclear while generally avoiding involvement in routine politics. The Constitution developed by the National Congress was implemented in July It guaranteed individual liberty , property rights, freedom of religion and the press , and equality before the law. Despite the Congress of London's verdict in , the Dutch continued to resist Belgian independence for much of Leopold I's early reign.
The 50,strong Dutch force crossed the border and rapidly pushed the small Belgian army back as far as Leuven. In the French pushed the Dutch out of Antwerp , their final garrison in Belgium. Much of the city was destroyed in the fighting. Politics in Belgium under Leopold I were polarized between liberal and Catholic political factions, though before they collaborated in unionist governments.
The liberals held power over much of Leopold I's reign. An official Liberal Party was formed in , although a formal Catholic Party was only established in Gradually, these political groups would also spread into Belgium's society, creating a process of social stratification known as pillarisation. Leopold, who was Protestant, tended to favor Liberals and shared their desire for reform, though he was not partisan. Leopold I's reign was marked by an economic crisis which lasted until the late s.
The Netherlands and the Dutch colonies , which had been profitable markets for Belgian manufacturers before , were totally closed to Belgian goods. The period has been described as the "worst years of Flemish history". By , Belgium was suffering from economic destabilization as Belgian exporters faced increasing competition from new British firms.
Shortly after the revolution in France , Belgian migrant workers living in Paris were encouraged to return to Belgium to overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic. The situation stabilized that summer after a good harvest, and fresh elections returned a strong Liberal majority. Leopold II was sworn in as king of the Belgians in It was characterized by the resurgence of the Catholic Party, political confrontation over military action, educational and franchise reform and his creation of a personal empire in Central Africa.
One of Leopold's long-term preoccupations was increasing the international standing and influence of his country.
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Throughout much of his early reign, Leopold hoped to regain the territories which had been ceded to the Netherlands in , particularly Luxembourg, which he viewed as an integral piece of Belgian territory. From the s, he tried to persuade several Belgian prime ministers to support the creation of an overseas colony in the Far East or Africa to increase Belgian wealth and political influence.
The Southern Middle Class in the Long Nineteenth Century
Most of these projects were focused in Brussels, where he constructed two large palaces, [c] and Ostende , where a vast colonnaded arcade was built along the seafront in an attempt to turn the town into a fashionable seaside resort. Politically, Leopold disliked the Socialist party , preferring to negotiate with the Catholic Party, which held power for much of his reign.
He was widely distrusted by politicians, who saw him as meddling in state business and seeking to expand the power of the monarchy.
Towards the end of his reign, public awareness of the atrocities committed under his colonial regime, as well as his marital infidelity , led to a significant fall the monarchy's popularity. Following his death in December , his funeral cortege was booed. Although Belgium was officially neutral throughout his reign, significant numbers of Belgians volunteered to fight for right-wing causes abroad.
From , large numbers of Belgian Catholic volunteers went to Italy in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to defend the independence of the Papal States against Giuseppe Garibaldi 's revolutionaries. The Zouaves, as they were known, were ultimately unsuccessful and the Papal States fell in When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in July , Belgium was confronted with the greatest threat to its independence since The issue became known as the "Belgian Question".
As the conflict began, Leopold and his advisors believed that either France or Prussia might try to outflank their opponent by disregarding Belgian neutrality and launching an invasion. As French troops moved towards the border, panic ensued in Belgium. The national gold reserves were evacuated to the National Redoubt fortress at Antwerp.
Leopold viewed a strong military as the key to maintaining Belgian independence against France and, after the Franco-Prussian War, an expansionist Germany. Reform was opposed by both the Liberal and Catholic Parties, which viewed the army with suspicion and Remplacement as a key civil right. This was the last legal document signed before Leopold's death. Although military reform was delayed until the end of his reign, Leopold did succeed in convincing parliament of the need to extend Belgium's defenses.
Construction of fortresses along the border by both the French and Germans in the mids worried the Belgian government that their country might be used as an invasion route. In , a program of fortification construction began along the Sambre and Meuse rivers. The political rivalry between Liberal and Catholic parties peaked between and , when they clashed on the issue of religion in primary education. New "neutral" schools funded by the local communes with assistance from national government were to be established in all municipalities, while Catholic schools were to receive no support at all.
Though 3, secular schools opened across the country by , attendance in private Catholic schools rose from 13 percent to over 60 percent of eligible students. After elections in , a Catholic government under Jules Malou passed a new Education Law providing public financial support for religious schools. Religious education became compulsory in all schools in Even before his accession to the throne in , Leopold began lobbying leading Belgian politicians to create a colonial empire in the Far East or Africa, which would expand Belgian prestige.
Belgium does not need a colony. Belgians are not drawn towards overseas enterprises: they prefer to spend their energy and capital in countries which have already been explored or on less risky schemes Still, you can assure His Majesty of my whole-hearted sympathy for the generous plan he had conceived, as long as the Congo does not make any international difficulties for us. Determined to look for a colony for himself and inspired by recent reports from central Africa, Leopold began patronizing a number of leading explorers, including Henry Morton Stanley.
France in the long nineteenth century
Leopold, however, reneged on his humanitarian promises, and instead brutally exploited the locals and the land to gain what profit he could. In some cases, Congolese people who failed to meet their quota were killed or had one of their hands cut off. The system was immensely profitable, but the population of the Congo is thought to have been reduced by as many as ten million during the period that the colony was under Leopold's control. Eventually, growing scrutiny of Leopold's regime led to a popular campaign movement , centered in Britain and America, to force Leopold to renounce his ownership of the Congo.
The "Belgian solution" they proposed was for Belgium to annex it in order to end the overexploitation without disrupting the delicate balance of power in colonial Africa. In , as a direct result of this campaign, Belgium formally annexed the territory, creating the Belgian Congo. The reign of Leopold II saw the rise of organized socialist political groups and parties, most notably among the industrial workers in Wallonia. The early socialist movement was characterized by a successful co-operative movement in Flanders. Trade unions were legalized in , opening the way to organized labor politics.
The small numbers of workers who were allowed to vote in general elections meant that it achieved little success via conventional political channels. There exists but one country in the civilised world where every strike is eagerly and joyously turned into a pretext for the official massacre of the Working Class. That country of single blessedness is Belgium! His next project explores the history of Seabrook Farms, an agribusiness and company town in southern New Jersey that recruited interned Japanese Americans, guestworkers from the British West Indies, and European refugees during the s.
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Description Authors Praise The history of domestic labor markets in 19th century America. From the era of Irish Famine migration to the passage of quota restrictions in the s, household domestic service was the single largest employer of women in the United States, and, in California, a pivotal occupation for male Chinese immigrants. Servants of both sexes accounted for eight percent of the total labor force — about one million people. In Brokering Servitude, Andrew Urban offers a history of these domestic servants, focusing on how Irish immigrant women, Chinese immigrant men, and American-born black women navigated the domestic labor market in the nineteenth century — a market in which they were forced to grapple with powerful racial and gendered discrimination.
Through vivid examples like how post-famine Irish immigrants were enlisted to work as servants in exchange for relief, this book examines how race, citizenship, and the performance of domestic labor relate to visions of American expansion.
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Despite its ubiquity in American thought, the middle class has never seemed particularly important in the nineteenth-century South. General.


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Sakhi Shah-e Mardan Shrine or Ziyarat-e Sakhi (Pashto/), is a shrine and mosque located in the Karte Sakhi area of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is associated with the place to which the cloak of the Islamic prophet Muhammad was brought and with a visit from Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad, after prophet Muhammad who would become the first Caliph and first of the Twelve Imams. The shrine is located at the foot of the Asamayi Hill, now better known as Television Hill. To its north and west is the Sakhi Cemetery.

Design
The shrine is decorated with glazed tiles in a neo-Safavid Persian style. The building bears many inscriptions, including dedicatory texts, Qurʾanic excerpts, prayers, Hadith, and poetry.

History and legend
It is believed that the shrine marks the spot where the cloak of Muhammad was kept on its way to its present location in the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar. The cloak is said to have been woven by Muhammad himself with the help of his daughter Fatima, her husband, and Muhammad's cousin, Ali, and their sons, Hasan and Husayn. Before Muhammad died, he bequeathed his cloak to Uwais al-Qarani, telling Ali and Umar that Uwais should be given the cloak on his death. After the Muhammad's death, Uwais took the cloak to the Cave of Hira on Jabal al-Nour, where Muhammad received his first revelation. It is believed to have remained in the cave until it was taken to Baghdad by Shaykh al-Uliya Qutba al-Atqiya. Timur would later seize it and take to his capital of Samarqand, where is would stay until 1076/1665-66. The cloak was then taken to India, from where it was taken to Balkh, in the west of today's Afghanistan, by the then governor of the city, Mir Yar Beg. He built a fort in Juzgun, Badakhshan, to house the garment securely. Following the move of the cloak to Juzgun, the settlement became known as Fayzabad. The cloak would remain there for seventy-nine years.

In 1181/1767-8, Ahmad Shah Durrani decided to move the cloak to his capital of Kandahar. He entrusted the move to Shah Wali Khan E'temad al-Dawla. The cloak was taken on its journey by a group of the most pious men. Kabul was on the route south from Fayzabad, and it was near the edge of the town that the group stopped to rest and allow local people to view the cloak. One day, the men carrying the cloak noticed a man wearing green praying by it. On the third night, they dreamt that the man in green came to see the cloak once more. When he removed his sword from its sheath and placed it on a nearby rock they noticed that its blade had a double tip. They recognised the sword as Zulfiqar and its owner as Imam Ali. The rock on which Ali is believed to have placed his sword is now encompassed by the shrine building. When the men awoke, they knew that a shrine should be built on this spot. Ahmad Shah patronised the building of the first structure, with one dome over the rock. The cloak remained here for eight months, before continuing its journey south to Kandahar, where it remains today. It was notably brought out of its shrine and worn by Mullah Omar in 1996.

A second dome was added to the shrine by the mother of Amanullah Khan in 1919. The four additional domes were added during renovations which took place between 2008 and 2016.

Every year, a popular Nowruz celebration is held outside the shrine, during which a large banner is raised in remembrance of Imam Ali, who was the standard-bearer of Muhammad.

A small underground shrine can be accessed from the women's side of the building. Cut into the bed rock, a tight staircase leads down to a small cavelike chamber were women now leave petitions and votive offerings. On the men's side, there is a hand-print relic.

The shrine is visited mainly by Hazaras, a Shiʿi community. Largely due to this, the shrine has been victim to a number of significant attacks, including the March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing. In late 2021, journalists from The New York Times embedded with a six-man Taliban unit tasked with protecting the shrine from the Islamic State, noting "how seriously the men appeared to take their assignment."

References

Shrines in Afghanistan
Mosques in Afghanistan

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This brochure describes the work of the Disaster Risk Finance (DRF) initiative, which is part of the Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance Program (DRFIP) at the World Bank. The DRF aims to strengthen the financial management of disaster risk by providing quantitative financial and economic information and tools for risk-informed decision-making. The initiative analyses catastrophe risk data to facilitate decision-making and design financial protection solutions.
The brochure describes the various types of financial tools and approaches available to assist government and development partners in disaster risk management. Case studies on risk insurance in Kenya and the Philippines are also provided.


There is much to celebrate in the kitchen. The festive partnership of meat and fruits (think fruit-speckled stuffing for the turkey, roast goose and apple sauce); the brilliant green and gold of brussels sprouts and sweet potatoes; the once-a-year decadence of sozzled Yuletide puddings and fruitcakes.
The Big Meal, whether you are carving turkey, goose or a classic nut roast, is pretty much non-negotiable for most of us, but there are so many other meals in which to celebrate the flavours of the season. The recipes coming out of my kitchen this month have, at their heart, the essence of Christmas. And, though they are meant for every day, each would be happy to find a place on the Christmas table.
Jerusalem artichokes and scallops are very happy in each other's company.(They work well as a soup too. The grilled seafood placed in the centre of the soup like sunken treasure.) You could make a purée of the tubers if you wish, but by cooking them in a little butter as I do here, you get some deep toasty notes going on. The chervil is not essential. Should it remain elusive, as it so often does, then a little tarragon will work wonders.
Have ready a bowl of cold water into which you have squeezed half the lemon. Peel the jerusalem artichokes, slice them as thinly as possible, then put them in the acidulated water.
Melt half the butter in a shallow pan over a low to moderate heat. Pat the artichokes dry using a paper towel then add them, in a single layer, to the butter. Let the artichokes cook until each piece has softened and is pale gold in colour. Turn with kitchen tongs and brown the other side then transfer to a warm plate and set aside.
In a dry, shallow pan, toast the hazelnuts till golden brown then remove and roughly chop them. Finely grate the zest from the clementine.
Melt the remaining butter in the pan (if you are using the artichoke pan, wipe the pan first with a paper towel then add the new butter). When the butter starts to fizz add the scallops, cook for one minute then turn and continue to cook for a further minute or two till opaque and their edges are pale gold. Squeeze the remaining lemon into the pan, add the hazelnuts, chervil and a light seasoning of salt.
Divide the artichokes, scallops and hazelnuts between six hot dishes (or three if you are serving two per person), add the butter from the pan, the chervil and the clementine zest and serve immediately.
The bitter and earthy leaves seem to come into their own in winter, working well with walnuts, apples, pears and other seasonal pleasures. I like their bitterness with salty creamy cheeses.
Shred the chard stems into matchsticks, removing the leaves as you go. Put the stems in a large bowl, tear up the leaves and add them to the stems, discarding any that are less than tender. Break the chicory into individual leaves and add them to the chard. Finely slice the celery and combine with the leaves.
Mix the olive oil, vinegar, mustard and a little salt and pepper together. You can beat the mixture with a fork or small whisk, or shake the ingredients together in a jam jar. Pour the dressing over the leaves and set aside.
Put the chopped parsley in a mixing bowl. Crumble the feta cheese into the parsley, then gently fold in the yogurt. Season with black pepper, no salt. Toast the walnut halves in a dry pan until they are golden and fragrant.
Divide the salad leaves between four plates, add a large spoonful of the creamed feta then a handful of the sprouted seeds and the toasted walnuts.
Much festive flavour here. The guanciale, the cured cheeks and jowl of the pig, is worth seeking out – its fragrant fat melts and keeps the little puddings deliciously moist. If you can't get it (Italian grocers are a good hunting ground), double up on the pancetta.
You will need 4 steel pudding moulds or ramekins, each holding 250ml.
Peel the onions and chop them very finely. Warm the olive oil in a shallow pan, add the onions and fennel seeds and let them cook over a medium heat until they have become soft and translucent. Cut the guanciale into small pieces and the pancetta into small cubes. Shred the prunes. Preheat the oven to 200C/gas mark 6.
Cut four small circles of baking parchment to fit the base of each of the pudding moulds. Lightly oil the sides then divide the mixture between the four. They will be quite full.
Pour hot water into a roasting tin – you need the water to be deep enough to come half way up the sides of the puddings. Wrap each one in clingfilm, then lower into the water. Place carefully in the oven and bake for 45 minutes until firm to the touch.
To make the sauce, peel the pumpkin and cut into chunks, put into a saucepan with 300mls of water and bring to the boil. Lower the heat to a simmer and cook for 15-20 minutes until the pumpkin is very soft. Process to a smooth purée using a food processor or stick blender. Season with salt and black pepper then return to the pan, add the cranberries and butter then simmer for 5 minutes. Lightly crush the berries against the side of the pan with a spoon.
Remove the puddings from the oven, remove the film, turn them out onto four plates then spoon over the pumpkin and cranberry sauce.
An accompaniment, but one I would be happy to serve as a principal dish.
Peel the sweet potatoes then coarsely grate them. Trim and finely shred the sprouts. They should ideally be no thicker than a pound coin. Remove the leaves from the rosemary sprigs and finely chop them. Grate the parmesan. Set the oven at 200C/gas mark 6.
Melt the butter in a shallow pan over a moderate heat, then pour in the oil. Cook the grated sweet potatoes for 4-5 minutes, until they start to soften. Remove from the heat and combine with the chopped rosemary and shredded sprouts, then season with 75g of the grated parmesan and some black pepper.
Line a baking sheet, about 20cm x 30cm, with baking parchment, then tip in the softened sweet potatoes and sprouts and smooth flat. Dust the remaining grated cheese over the top and bake for 30-35 minutes until the surface is golden and lightly crisp.
Divide into six pieces and serve.
A quick fruit and cream dessert for a winter's day. As there is already enough to do at this time of year, I use shop-bought meringues, though you could, of course, make your own.
In a large, chilled mixing bowl, whip the cream till just thick. Stop before it is firm enough to stand in peaks. Crumble the meringues into the cream. Then add the merest pinch of ground cinnamon.
Peel the persimmon if you wish (I generally don't find it necessary), and slice into thick rounds and then into quarters. Add to the cream and meringue then gently fold the ingredients together.
Put the mincemeat in a small saucepan, pour in the brandy and bring to the boil. Simmer for a couple of minutes. Spoon the meringue and cream into dishes, then spoon over the hot mincemeat.


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Fulton County Schools, Georgia
Dr. Mike Looney
Student Enrollment: 88,414 (74% students of color, 23% economically disadvantaged, 15% Limited English Proficient)
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Superintendent Bio
Dr. Mike Looney joins Fulton County Schools after recently serving as Superintendent of Williamson County Schools in Tennessee, where he was named 2015 Superintendent of the year by Tennessee Organization of School Superintendents (TOSS).
He earned his Bachelor's Degree in Business Management and Master's degree in Education from Jacksonville State University in Alabama. Dr. Looney earned his Educational Specialist Degree and Doctorate in Educational Leadership from the University of Alabama.
Dr. Looney's work has been presented for regional and national audiences on a wide range of educational and leadership topics.
He has served on several distinguished panels including President George W. Bush's National Reading Leadership Panel in Washington D.C.
Dr. Looney also served as Superintendent of the Butler County School District in Alabama. Under his leadership the school district realized significant student achievement gains, improved the graduation rate, and established the district's first magnet school. In recognition of his work there, he was selected as Greenville, Alabama's Citizen of the Year in 2008.
Before arriving at Butler, he was Assistant Superintendent for Curriculum and Instruction in Montgomery Public Schools. Under his leadership, the district of 61 schools and 31,000 students received national notoriety for its improvement in reading achievement scores.
Dr. Looney, a public educator since 1994, has also served in the roles of classroom teacher, assistant principal and principal. During his tenure as principal, his school was recognized for closing the achievement gap for underprivileged and minority students. His school was highlighted at both the state and national levels and was named a National Title I Distinguished School.
Prior to entering the field of education, he served as finance manager for a privately-held corporation with fifty employees in Anniston, Alabama. His responsibilities included corporate finance, marketing, and human resource management.
Dr. Looney is a military veteran having served for seven years in the United States Marine Corps before being honorably discharged with a service-related injury. His military service was distinguished by four meritorious promotions which included his being selected as the Marine of the Year for MCRS Montgomery serving Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. In addition to other medals and ribbons, Dr. Looney was the recipient of the Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal. His military duties took him all over the world and included a six-month tour on the USS Raleigh with the 2nd Marine Division, II Marine Amphibious Force. He is the father of four grown children.
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For many years, Manitoba has earned a reputation as a middle-of-the-road province with an adversity to extremes.
In one area of provincial policy, however, Manitoba boldly stands alone. It is the only province that stubbornly refuses to make information about student academic performance available to the general public.
The Atlantic Institute for Market Studies and the Frontier Centre for Public Policy recently released a report on public schools in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In order to compile this report, these think-tanks needed information such as school graduation rates, attendance records and student performance on standards tests.
Whereas Saskatchewan willingly released most of the requested information, Manitoba Education and Literacy refused to co-operate.
As a result, the report contains virtually no useful information about Manitoba high schools. The NDP government's emphasis on keeping student performance data secret put us offside with Saskatchewan and sets us apart from the practice of every other province in Canada.
Information that is routinely available in other parts of the country remains locked away in Manitoba. Education Minister Nancy Allan made a number of media appearances in an attempt to justify her government's stance against accountability. During a recent CBC radio interview, Allan offered up her usual talking points.
In her initial argument, Allan pointed out that the province released a report called A Profile of Student Learning and Performance in Manitoba on its website. The report is limited to providing only student data on a provincewide basis. This makes it useful only to people naive enough to believe that all schools in Manitoba are exactly the same.
When challenged on this point, Allan argued there was no benefit to breaking down the information any further. According to Allan, if that kind of data were available to the public then it might be misused by think-tanks who wish to rank schools on the basis of performance.
With all due respect to Minister Allan, that is an absurd reason to keep information away from the public. Using this logic, the province should also prevent regional health authorities from releasing any regional health care data just in case some think-tank decides to "misuse" the information and ranks hospitals on the basis of performance. If everything is the same across the province, perhaps the government should also mandate that MPI stop charging different insurance rates to drivers based on where they live and instead average everything out on a provincewide basis.
This paternalistic approach to information by the NDP government is insulting to the public. We don't need Minister Allan or anyone else from the government telling us that these data are being kept away from us for our own good.
In addition, there is good reason for concern about student academic achievement in Manitoba. Last year, the Programme for International Student Assessment found that Manitoba now comes in second-last among Canadian provinces in reading and mathematics. In fact, this assessment shows that provincewide academic results have steadily declined since the NDP took power in 1999. The government probably thinks it has good reason to keep academic data away from Manitobans — particularly during an election year.
It was ironic that during the same radio interview Allan pointed to the strong PISA results from Finland as proof that we don't need standards tests in this province. Finland, she noted, does not have a lot of standards tests and yet still does very well on international comparisons of student achievement.
Aside from the obvious irony of using results from a standards test to prove we don't need standards testing, there are other reasons to be cautious about comparisons with Finland. The population in Finland is considerably more homogenous than in Canada and schooling is only compulsory until the end of Grade 9. Local schools also have considerably more autonomy than they do in Manitoba.
Unless the NDP is considering implementing these examples from the Finnish model, it might be wise for Allan to avoid simplistic comparisons with other countries.
In the meantime, Manitoba needs to follow the example of other provinces and make academic achievement data available to the public. People have a right to know how their schools are doing.
Michael Zwaagstra is a research fellow with the Frontier centre for Public Policy, a Manitoba high school teacher, and co-author of What's Wrong With Our Schools and How We Can Fix Them.


Welcome to the main gateway of Asia! Singapore is well known in the investment community for its trade. The country is also the 4th largest financial center and foreign exchange trading center in the world, and its success in global trade is complemented by its strategic location, a skilled workforce, low tax rates and advanced infrastructure. Backed by these strong factors, the new melting pot of Asia has attracted over 7,000 multinational corporations from across the globe.
Many people marvel at the beauty of Singapore. Rich in contrast and colors, this tiny island measuring approximately 710 km² is home to a vibrant blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture surrounded by ultra modern high-rise buildings, manicured gardens and century old precincts. Although small in size, Singapore commands an enormous presence in the world today and is the central sea port along major shipping routes. It has a strategic location and is well-connected to key destinations around Asia and the Pacific.
Its strategic location on major sea lanes and its industrious population offer global investors unparalleled access to global markets. The country continues to be well regarded as a triple A rated economy with strong growth potential, and major industries include electronics, oil and gas, shipping, financial services, chemicals, biomedical sciences and research, life sciences and more, making Singapore a multi-faceted business and financial hub.
Singapore boasted the world's fastest growing economy with a GDP growth rate of 17.9% in year 2010. With only 1.6% of its land mass suitable for agriculture and a need to import almost everything, including water, Singapore manages to gain a trade surplus, not to mention it has a balanced budget and a stable currency!
Singapore, a safe haven for your precious metals.


text:
Junior paddlers get SA Champs off to strong start
The 2018 South African Canoe Marathon Championships saw the junior age groups take to the unique canal course in blustery conditions in St Francis Bay on Friday.
With four spots for men and women on the national team up for grabs, two each in the Under 18 and Under 23 age divisions, the racing at the front end was fierce as the competition ebbed and flowed right up until the final sprint to the line.
2017World Championships K1 Under 23 silver medallist Nick Notten was the favourite for the Under 23 crown and he didn't disappoint when he edged an impressive Louis Hattingh from KZN by just a second to take the national title.
Western Province's Kenny Rice as well as young Hamish Lovemore were in the race for the majority of the showdown, until the leading two boats managed to initially wriggle Lovemore off and then at the death get rid of Rice to make it a two-boat sprint for the line.
"It wasn't a massive field of paddlers in the Under 23 race but each paddler really wanted to do well which made it difficult," Notten said after his win.
"In the beginning you want to favour your paddling partner or your provincial team mates, but it is difficult with only two spots available; so myself and Kenny did work together a bit because we knew Louis was going to be a potent force to deal with."
The Under 23 women's race was a spectacle too with youngsters Sabina Lawrie and Christie Mackenzie fighting it out for the coveted national title.
Both hailing from KZN they know each other well and the race went all the way to an exciting final sprint that Lawrie won by a second over Mackenzie. Third place went to Gauteng's Morgan Ziervogel.
The Junior boys race was fairly one sided with Western Province's Uli Hart showing his class to take home the national title and a spot on the South African team for a second year in a row.
David Evans finished 11 seconds behind Hart to claim the second K1 spot while Eastern Cape star Matthew Fenn finished in third.
Caitlin Mackenzie showed her immense talent when she powered how to a junior girl's K1 title. Having fallen out early in the 2017 ICF World Championship K1 race she fought her way back to finish eleventh in that race, but after her three minute victory on Friday she looks in good shape for Portugal later this year.
Mackenzie was followed home by fellow Epworth and KZN paddler Amy Peckett while Under 16 star Zara Wood from the Eastern Cape took third under 18 and first under 16 girl.
The home province got their first gold medal of the championships when Jordy Malherbe won the under 16 boys showdown.
A dominant performance saw the Border-based paddler beat Melvino Klaase by just over a minute while Graydon Mitchley took bronze.
Wood's dominance in the girls under 16 race was highlighted by her third place in the under 18 girls contest as Nosipho Mthembu finished second under 16 girl and Georgina Howard was the third girl in that age category home.
In the under 14 races Eugon Williams and Melonie Croeser claimed victory in the boys and girls races respectively.
With the unique nature of the course, Under 23 race winner Nick Notten explained how different it is to your usual marathon course.
"This is definitely a course that I have never raced before!" he said. "There are a lot of turns, as well as a lot of moving water so it might favour the river paddlers.
"Sometimes it was difficult to get into a rhythm because you are always turning but it makes for some interesting racing."
Day two of the 2018 SA Marathon Championships gets underway with the guppy's at 8am. This is followed by the masters age categories and finally the senior men and women will get underway at 12pm and 12:02 respectively.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS – SOUTH AFRICAN CANOE MARATHON CHAMPIONSHIPS (Day One)
Under 23 Men
1.Nick Notten (WP) 2:02:09
2.Louis Hattingh (KZN) 2:02:10
3.Kenny Rice (WP) 2:02:17
4.Hamish Lovemore (KZN) 2:04:41
5.Alan Houston (WP) 2:05:45
Under 23 Women
1.Sabina Lawrie (KZN) 2:01:32
2.Christie Mackenzie (KZN) 2:01:33
3.Morgan Ziervogel (GAU) 2:10:51
1.Uli Hart (WP) 1:40:59
2.David Evans (KZN) 1:41:10
3.Matthew Fenn (EC) 1:43:00
Under 18 Girls
1.Caitlin Mackenzie (KZN) 1:34:27
2.Amy Peckett (KZN) 1:37:26
3.Zara Wood (EC) 1:37:37
1.Jordy Malherbe (EC) 1:47:13
2.Melvino Klaase (WP) 1:48:18
3.Graydon Mitchley (EC) 1:51:17
2.Nosipho Mthembu (KZN) 1:45:37
3.Georgina Howard (KZN) 1:46:20
1.Eugon Williams (WP) 1:12:15
2.Finlay Leask (GAU) 1:12:48
3.Jordan Fenn (EC) 1:12:49
1.Melonie Croeser (KZN) 1:19:02
2.Amy Duffett (WP) 1:25:38
3.Helen Jansen van Vuuren (GAU) 1:28:00
Previous Post SA Marathon Champs heading to St Francis Next Post Defending champions set SA Champs alight


Women in Chinese Martial Arts Films of the New Millennium Edition by Ya-chen Chen and Publisher Lexington Books. Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9780739139103, 073913910X. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9780739139080, 0739139088.


text:
A magnetic and hypnotic voice
Australia's Sahra delivers not only the meaning of the lyrics but the true essence of the songs
Discover the enchanting voice of Sahra, a talented singer and actress hailing from a small town in Australia. From a young age, Sahra was drawn to the world of entertainment and her passion for performing led her on a journey of musical exploration. She has had the privilege of singing alongside famous Australian acts, touring the country, and showcasing her skills on TV. Now, Sahra presents her new songs with the fantastic production group called Key Loch..
Sahra's friendship with Blue Pie Director, Damien Reilly, dates back to 1996, and together, they have crafted a timeless collection of songs that showcase Sahra's incredible vocal abilities. The first single, a remake of the 1978 hit "Boogie Oogie Oogie," was the result of a collaborative effort between Sahra, Damien, and producer Phil Munro. The magic of Sahra's angelic voice is undeniable, and her ability to transport listeners to the essence of the songs she sings.
Sahra is proud to be a part of DJ Central Records and Blue Pie Records USA, and her work is published globally by Blue Pie Publishing USA (ASCAP). Get ready to be captivated by Sahra's charming voice and enchanting music.
NEW SINGLE OUT "LETS DANCE"
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Play our video music here
Boogie Oogie Oogie
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LOS ANGELES — Game 3 of the World Series is going to the 12th inning in a 1-1 deadlock.
Neither the Boston Red Sox nor the Los Angeles Dodgers got much going in the 11th — no surprise for a game dominated by pitching.
Pedro Baez completed his second scoreless inning of relief for the Dodgers, giving up only a two-out walk to pinch-hitter Steve Pearce.
Heath Hembree then came on as Boston's eighth pitcher and got Cody Bellinger on a grounder to second.
Continue reading LOS ANGELES | Red Sox, Dodgers tied 1-all after 11 in Game 3 of Series at STL.News.


After imposing a deadly blockade on the two million inhabitants of the Gaza Strip for 11 years and launching three massive, genocidal attacks in the last seven years - aided by the complicity of the so-called international community and the silence of reactionary Arab regimes - last week, Israel has committed a new massacre against peaceful demonstrators commemorating Land Day and asserting their right of return.
On Friday, March 30, Israeli soldiers killed 17 civilians and injured more than 1,400 others - mostly with live ammunition. According to the Israeli military, the massacre went according to plan. Their spokesperson tweeted - and later deleted - that "[On March 30] nothing was carried out uncontrolled; everything was accurate and measured. We know where every bullet landed".
Gaza has become a war-zone: the biggest concentration camp on the surface of Earth has become a burial site - a noisy graveyard. The Palestinian body has become the ultimate target of the Israeli bullet - the younger the better (Sara, a two-year-old girl from Nablus was also shot in the head.) The Palestinian body has, in other words, become the site of (in)justice: 'eliminate the body, and it will leave a vacuum that can be occupied - a land without people for people without land'.
Today, we have a sense of deja vu; we've been there before and we know that more of us will be killed in what BBC calls "clashes"! The Israeli military, or what the courageous Israeli journalist Gideon Levy calls "the Israel Massacre Forces", are a gang of thugs indoctrinated by an ideology that dehumanises children and justifies the shooting of innocent civilians.
It is definitely not the right time for such grandiose philosophical questions, but what is the Palestinian to do when he or she lives such a crude political reality?
The question that is on every Gaza Palestinian mind is "why is this allowed to happen, 24 years after the fall of the apartheid regime of South Africa?" We do know why Israel is doing it; we are the unwanted "goyim", the refugees whose very existence is a constant reminder of the original sin committed in 1948 - the premeditated crime of ethnic cleansing of two thirds of the Palestinian people. We have been cursed for simply having the "wrong" religion and "ethnicity", for being born to non-Jewish mothers! The problem is that we are not dying quietly; we are making noise, a lot of noise; we are banging the walls of the Gaza tank - to use one of famed Palestinian intellectual and author Ghassan Kanafani's metaphors.
I have been teaching one of Kanafani's best novels called All That is Left to You to my students at Gaza's Al-Aqsa University. In this novel, the hero, who happens to be a refugee living in Gaza, loses everything except his will to resist. Holding on to that will, and confronting the horror of Zionist colonialism requires a vision. A vision that could enable him to return to Jaffa, where he had lost his father at the hands of Zionist gangs in 1948. Most of my students relate to, and some even identify with him. They agree that no political solution can be achieved without the implementation of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194, which calls for the right of Palestinian refugees to return to the villages and cities from which they were ethnically cleansed back in 1948. No wonder, then, that most of my students are among the demonstrators on Gaza's borders!
In Gaza, we know that Israel is going to get away with it, simply because it has never been held to account for any of the massacres it has committed; we also know that it is going to commit more and worse crimes.
Hasn't the ESCWA report proven beyond any doubt that Israel is committing the crime of apartheid against the indigenous people of Palestine? We also know that it would not have been able to carry out all these crimes without support from the United States and the so-called international community. We, therefore, have lost hope in official bodies such as the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Instead, we are counting on international civil society to put an end to this ongoing bloodbath committed by apartheid Israel in broad day light.
The tool? Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) until Israel complies with International Law. Forget about meaningless negotiations that have proven to be disastrous, as the late Edward Said had rightly predicted back in 1994; forget about the racist two state solution that has been shot in the head by Israel itself and which fails to deal with the core of the Palestinian question, namely, 6-7 million refugees insisting on asserting their UN-stipulated right of return. The only window of hope, in addition to our own mass mobilisation, lies in the growing BDS campaign supported by conscious people all over the world. They understand that our struggle is non-sectarian, one that is enshrined in the basic principles of the International Declaration of Human Rights, no matter how hard hypocritical Western Media tries to conceal the truth.


Another ICC event. Another premature exit for South Africa. It is inexplicable how a team that is so talented fails to deliver in major events. Ever since they were recalled to world cricket, this has been a familiar depressing story.
Inevitably, the word 'Chokers' starts doing the rounds. Is there any merit to this sobriquet? While the jury is still out on that, let us investigate whether there is any truth to this impression that the whole world and even South African fans have regarding their team.
If a team doesn't have the ability to win and loses by a comprehensive margin, then they cannot be called chokers. If a team of middling ability performs to its potential but doesn't have the personnel and skill to win world events, then they cannot be called chokers. Neither of these are true of South Africa. Yet for some inexplicable reason they keep faltering and underperforming at world events.
The term 'choke' contains the implication of snatching defeat from the jaws of victory due to being unable to press home the advantage. Is this the case with South Africa? The table below gives the ODI records of the top 8 Test playing teams in history.
South Africa have the second-best Win-Loss ratio and are just a few decimal places below Australia. They have a great record in bilateral series but usually come a cropper in major ICC events.
The table below gives the records of the same 8 teams in knockout matches in ODIs.
Here, South Africa have the 3rd best Win-loss Ratio amongst all teams but are way below Australia and West Indies in the Win-Loss Ratio. This shows that the pressure of big matches does get to them on occasion.
The table below gives the record of the top 8 teams in knock out matches in the World Cup, Champions Trophy and the WT20 combined. This paints a telling story.
South Africa have the worst Win-Loss ratio among all the top 8 teams. Therefore, there is some merit to the accusation that they tend to choke in big events.
Let us investigate whether, and how often, they have been victims of bad luck and fate in major ICC events. In 1992, they were robbed of a place in the final of the World Cup due to an absurd rain rule. In 1996, they were the team to beat in the preliminary stages but were defeated by a brilliant innings from Brian Lara in the quarter-finals. In 1999, they tied with Australia in the semi-final but were eliminated as they finished lower in the Super Six stages. In 2003, they were eliminated by the Duckworth-Lewis system after assuming that the par score was the winning score.
In 2007, they batted first against Australia and posted just 149, to lose by 7 wickets. In 2011, in the quarter-final against New Zealand, they were chasing a target of just 222 and were coasting at 108/2 when they collapsed to 172 all out. In 2015, they lost to New Zealand in the semi-finals with a ball to spare. While there is no denying that they have bad luck on occasion, there is definitely some truth to the statement that they tend to lose their nerve on the big occasion.
While a number of their losses can be attributed to bad luck and fate, the question could be posed as to whether they are merely good instead of great? Another question that needs to be asked is whether they have the temperament and bottle to translate their undoubted talent into performance.
It is no secret that South Africa are a formidable team who have somehow failed to live up to their reputation on big occasions. AB de Villiers has taken pains to point out that they are not chokers, as will most South African players. The word "chokers" evidently riles them.
To silence their detractors, though, they need to win a world event and get the monkey off their back. They need to prove their mettle by winning on the big stage, which they can only do by seizing important moments in games. Otherwise, the world will continue to call them chokers and not without some justification.


text:
NewsPics
Nejat NewsLetter
Pars Brief
Bradely Hernlem
Mujahedin Khalq; A proxy force
MKO Influence in U.S. Politics
....the MKO were included in the very first list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations under the 1996 Antiterrorism Act and this determination was consistent with prior assessments by the State Department "... MEK hold fundraising events, where like-minded individuals are invited to contribute funds ultimately meant…
U.S. Congress, Timothy McVeigh and Mojahedin-e Khalq
...Timothy McVeigh is being executed because of his role in the murderous and deadly attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Paradoxically, and through a twisted sense of rights and logic, the Mojahedin-e Khalq/National Council of Resistance (MEK/NCR) and their supporters…
Mujahedin Khalq Organization as a terror group
Humanitarian ruse at L.A. airport raised funds for terrorists
FBI investigators said they had arrested seven members of the Mujahedin-e Khalq, a group dedicated to overthrowing the Iranian government. The organization is included on the U.S. State Department's list of designated terrorist organizations. In recent years, its National Liberation Army has taken credit for…
Protest against MEK in Albanian city, Manza
Anti-Iran Terrorist Group Mojahedin-e Khalq's Ties to Iraqi Army in 1980s
MEK and Children – Fatemeh Akbarinasab
The Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization Intrusion in Albania, Threatens Regional Stability in Middle East and Balkans
Who is a mercenary? MEK or those who criticize them?
Iran Interlink Weekly Digest – 277
Mohammad Aq Atabay Complaint to the UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances
MEK and Children – Yaser Akbarinasab
The Threat of Terrorism
Loving families offer security and a future for Liberty residents
MKO threatens Iraqi newsmen with death
Lawmaker Warns Paris about Anti-Iran Moves
Pictorial- Iranian families in Iraq's Diyala call for release of relatives held in MKO Camp Ashraf
Mrs. Rajavi! Your Propaganda Just doesn't work well!
Setaregan exposes MEK human rights abuses to HR delegates in Geneva
The MKO Adore Hypocrisy on Human Rights
© 2021, All Rights Reserved. NejatNGO.org


It's a live version from U Arena, Paris 2017, so it's on Polydor/Universal.
3. Re: New Stones album for 2019?
4. Re: New Stones album for 2019?
Nobody is saying this will be the last album. So this is all pure speculation.
5. Re: THE BRUSSELS AFFAIR, From the vault. where to get it?
They said the same to me last Saturday, but nevertheless changed my ticket to e-ticket when I asked if that was possible. Maybe they have changed their policy now or it depends on the person you are speaking to.
I'm referring to London May 22. I called AXS on Saturday May 12.
I live in the Netherlands. Last Saturday I phoned AXS and asked them to convert my ticket to e-ticket. That was no problem. I received the ticket while ending my conversation with AXS. The phonecall lasted only 3 minutes including waiting. I can imagine that there are a lot of phonecalls now, so I am glad that I made my phonecall on Saturday.
I just contacted AXS and it was no problem to convert the ticket for London 1 to e-ticket. Got the e-ticket in my email in 1 minute!
Does anyone know what time we can go in ? 17:00 ?
To my knowledge there will be a seperate DVD and/or CD release.
15. Re: Mick Jagger "Gotta Get a Grip" and "England Lost"
Quote35love no CDs nor LP's nor official hard product has been released. CD and 12" have been released. Just received the CD today. There is no line-up information on the sleeve.
16. Re: Mick interview, talkshow about his single and Stones recording!
I did the same - tickets gone. I'm not a fan on using the App. Only a small amount of tickets is gone. Friday there will be enough tickets (i hope).
Details of these releases on March 31 are now available. See detailed info from barks.jp The Rolling Stones "From the Vault Extra - Live in Japan - Tokyo Dome 1990.2.24" March 31, 2017 Japan limited release [200 set mail order limited box DVD + 2CD + 3LP] ¥ 15,000 + tax [1000 set Limited sleeve "From The Vault Extra - Made in Japan - Tokyo Dome 1990.2 .24 "DVD +"
23. Re: No 7" release for Just Your Fool?
25. Re: BBC Article: "The Rolling Stones 'hit a wall' making new music, says Don Was"


text:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <limits.h>

#include "serio.h"
#include "config.h"

#include "error.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "aldl-io.h"
#include "useful.h"

/************ SCOPE *********************************
  This object contains all of the functions used for
  structuring and parsing the ALDL data structures,
  including locking and serializing of record retr.
****************************************************/

/* -------- globalstuffs ------------------ */

/* locking */
typedef enum aldl_lock {
  LOCK_CONNSTATE = 0,
  LOCK_RECORDPTR = 1,
  LOCK_STATS = 2,
  LOCK_COMQ = 3,
  N_LOCKS = 4
} aldl_lock_t;
pthread_mutex_t *aldllock;

timespec_t firstrecordtime; /* timestamp used to calc. relative time */

/* primary memory pool for record storage */
aldl_record_t *recordbuffer; /* circular pool for records */
aldl_data_t *databuffer; /* circular pool for data */
unsigned int indexbuffer; /* index for both of above */

/* linked list forming a FIFO queue of commands */
aldl_comq_t *comq;

/* --------- local function decl. ---------------- */

/* update the value in the record from definition n */
aldl_data_t *aldl_parse_def(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *r, int n);

/* allocate record and timestamp it */
aldl_record_t *aldl_create_record(aldl_conf_t *aldl);

/* link a prepared record to the linked list */
void link_record(aldl_record_t *rec, aldl_conf_t *aldl);

/* fill a prepared record with data */
aldl_record_t *aldl_fill_record(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec);

/* set and unset locks, wrapper with error checking for pthread funcs */
inline void set_lock(aldl_lock_t lock_number);
inline void unset_lock(aldl_lock_t lock_number);

/* allocate memory pool */
void aldl_alloc_pool(aldl_conf_t *aldl);

/* --------------------------------------------------------- */

void init_locks() {
  int x;
  int pthreaderr;
  aldllock = smalloc(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t) * N_LOCKS);
  for(x=0;x<N_LOCKS;x++) {
    pthreaderr = pthread_mutex_init(&aldllock[x],NULL);
    if(pthreaderr != 0) error(1,ERROR_LOCK,
         "error initializing lock %i, pthread error %i",x,pthreaderr);
  }
}

inline void set_lock(aldl_lock_t lock_number) {
  int rtval;
  rtval = pthread_mutex_lock(&aldllock[lock_number]);
  if(rtval != 0) error(1,ERROR_LOCK,
          "error setting lock %i, pthread error code %i",lock_number,rtval);
}

inline void unset_lock(aldl_lock_t lock_number) {
  int rtval;
  rtval = pthread_mutex_unlock(&aldllock[lock_number]);
  if(rtval != 0) error(1,ERROR_LOCK,
          "error unsetting lock %i, pthread error code %i",lock_number,rtval);
}

void lock_stats() {
  set_lock(LOCK_STATS);
}

void unlock_stats() {
  unset_lock(LOCK_STATS);
}

aldl_record_t *process_data(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  aldl_record_t *rec = aldl_create_record(aldl);
  aldl_fill_record(aldl,rec);
  link_record(rec,aldl);
  return rec;
}

void link_record(aldl_record_t *rec, aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  rec->next = NULL; /* terminate linked list */
  rec->prev = aldl->r; /* previous link */
  set_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  aldl->r->next = rec; /* attach to linked list */
  aldl->r = rec; /* fix master link */
  unset_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
}

void aldl_data_init(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  aldl_alloc_pool(aldl);
  aldl_record_t *rec = aldl_create_record(aldl);
  set_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  rec->next = NULL;
  rec->prev = NULL;
  aldl->r = rec;
  unset_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  firstrecordtime = get_time();
  comq = NULL; /* no records yet */
}

aldl_record_t *aldl_create_record(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  /* get memory pool addresses */
  aldl_record_t *rec = &recordbuffer[indexbuffer];
  rec->data = &databuffer[indexbuffer * aldl->n_defs];

  /* advance pool index (for next time around) */
  if(indexbuffer > aldl->bufsize - 2) { /* end of buffer */
    indexbuffer = 0; /* return to beginning */
  } else {
    indexbuffer++;
  }

  /* timestamp record */
  rec->t = get_elapsed_ms(firstrecordtime);

  #ifdef TIMESTAMP_WRAPAROUND
  /* handle wraparound if we're 100 seconds before time limit */
  if(rec->t > ULONG_MAX - 100000) firstrecordtime = get_time();
  #endif

  return rec;
}

aldl_record_t *aldl_fill_record(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec) {
  /* process packet data */
  int def_n;
  for(def_n=0;def_n<aldl->n_defs;def_n++) {
    aldl_parse_def(aldl,rec,def_n);
  }
  return rec;
}

aldl_data_t *aldl_parse_def(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *r, int n) {
  /* check for out of range */
  if(n < 0 || n > aldl->n_defs - 1) error(1,ERROR_RANGE,
                                    "def number %i is out of range",n);

  aldl_define_t *def = &aldl->def[n]; /* shortcut to definition */

  int id = def->packet; /* packet id (array index) */

  aldl_packetdef_t *pkt = &aldl->comm->packet[id]; /* ptr to packet */

  /* location of actual data byte */
  byte *data = pkt->data + def->offset + pkt->offset;

  /* location for output of data, matches definition array index ... */
  aldl_data_t *out = &r->data[n];

  /* location for input of data */
  unsigned int x;

  /* convert input bit size into unsigned integer */
  switch(def->size) {
    case 16:
      /* turn two 8 bit bytes into a 16 bit int */
      x = (unsigned int)((*data<<8)|*(data+1));
      break;
    case 8: /* direct conversion */
    default: /* no other types supported, default to 8 bit */
      x = (unsigned int)*data;
  }

  /* apply any math or whatever and output as desired type */
  switch(def->type) {
    case ALDL_INT:
      out->i = ( (int)x * def->multiplier.i ) + def->adder.i;
      if(aldl->minmax == 1) {
        out->i = rf_clamp_int(def->min.i,def->max.i,out->i);
      }
      break;
    case ALDL_FLOAT:
      out->f = ( (float)x * def->multiplier.f ) + def->adder.f;
      if(aldl->minmax == 1) {
        out->f = rf_clamp_float(def->min.f,def->max.f,out->f);
      }
      break;
    case ALDL_BOOL:
      if(aldl->comm->byteorder == 1) { /* deal with MSB or LSB */
        out->i = getbit(x,(7 - def->binary),def->invert);
      } else {
        out->i = getbit(x,def->binary,def->invert);
      }
      break;
    default:
      error(1,ERROR_RANGE,"invalid type spec: %i",def->type);
  }

  return out;
}

aldl_state_t get_connstate(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  set_lock(LOCK_CONNSTATE);
  aldl_state_t st = aldl->state;
  unset_lock(LOCK_CONNSTATE);
  return st;
}

void set_connstate(aldl_state_t s, aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  set_lock(LOCK_CONNSTATE);
  #ifdef DEBUGSTRUCT
  printf("set connection state to %i (%s)\n",s,get_state_string(s));
  #endif
  aldl->state = s;
  unset_lock(LOCK_CONNSTATE);
}

aldl_record_t *newest_record(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  aldl_record_t *rec = NULL;
  set_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  rec = aldl->r;
  unset_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  return rec;
}

aldl_record_t *newest_record_wait(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec) {
  aldl_record_t *next = NULL;
  while(1) {
    next = newest_record(aldl);
    if(next != rec) {
      return next;
    } else if(get_connstate(aldl) > 10) {
      return NULL;
    } else {
      #ifndef AGGRESSIVE
      usleep(500);
      #endif
    }
  }
}

aldl_record_t *next_record_wait(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec) {
  aldl_record_t *next = NULL;
  while(next == NULL) {
    next = next_record(rec);
    if(get_connstate(aldl) > 10) return NULL;
    #ifndef AGGRESSIVE
    usleep(500); /* throttling ... */
    #endif
  }
  return next;
}

aldl_record_t *next_record_waitf(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec) {
  aldl_record_t *next = NULL;
  while((next = next_record_wait(aldl,rec)) == NULL) usleep(500);
  return next;
}

aldl_record_t *newest_record_waitf(aldl_conf_t *aldl, aldl_record_t *rec) {
  aldl_record_t *next = NULL;
  while((next = newest_record_wait(aldl,rec)) == NULL) usleep(500);
  return next;
}

aldl_record_t *next_record(aldl_record_t *rec) {
  #ifdef DEBUGSTRUCT
  /* check for underrun ... */
  if(rec->prev == NULL) {
     error(1,ERROR_BUFFER,"underrun in record retrieve %p",rec);
  }
  #endif
  aldl_record_t *next;
  set_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  next = rec->next;
  unset_lock(LOCK_RECORDPTR);
  return next;
}

void pause_until_connected(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  while(get_connstate(aldl) > 10) {
    #ifdef AGGRESSIVE
      usleep(100);
    #else
      msleep(100);
    #endif
  }
}

void pause_until_buffered(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  while(aldl->ready ==0) {
    #ifdef AGGRESSIVE
      usleep(100);
    #else
      msleep(100);
    #endif
  }
}

int get_index_by_name(aldl_conf_t *aldl, char *name) {
  int x;
  for(x=0;x<aldl->n_defs;x++) {
    if(rf_strcmp(name,aldl->def[x].name) == 1) return x;
  }
  return -1; /* not found */
}

char *get_state_string(aldl_state_t s) {
  switch(s) {
    case ALDL_CONNECTED:
      return "Connected";
    case ALDL_CONNECTING:
      return "Connecting";
    case ALDL_LOADING:
      return "Loading";
    case ALDL_DESYNC:
      return "Lost Sync";
    case ALDL_ERROR:
      return "Error";
    case ALDL_LAGGY:
      return "Laggy";
    case ALDL_QUIT:
      return "Quit";
    case ALDL_PAUSE:
      return "Paused";
    case ALDL_SERIALERROR:
      return "Serial ERR";
    default:
      return "Undefined";
  }
}

void aldl_alloc_pool(aldl_conf_t *aldl) {
  /* get sizes */
  size_t databuffer_size = sizeof(aldl_data_t) * aldl->n_defs * aldl->bufsize;
  size_t recordbuffer_size = sizeof(aldl_record_t) * aldl->bufsize;

  /* alloc */
  databuffer = smalloc(databuffer_size);
  recordbuffer = smalloc(recordbuffer_size);
  indexbuffer = 0; /* start at ptr 0 */

  /* optional print sizes */
  #ifdef DEBUGMEM
  printf("aldldata.c Circular Buffer: BUF=%u Recs, DATA=%uKb REC=%uKb\n",
          aldl->bufsize, (unsigned int)databuffer_size/1024,
         (unsigned int)recordbuffer_size/1024);
  #endif
}

void aldl_add_command(byte *command, byte length, int delay) {
  if(command == NULL) return;

  /* build new command */
  aldl_comq_t *n; /* new command */
  n = smalloc(sizeof(aldl_comq_t));
  n->length = length;
  n->delay = delay;
  n->command = smalloc(sizeof(char) * length);
  int x; for(x=0;x<length;x++) { /* copy command */
    n->command[x] = command[x];
  }
  n->next = NULL;

  /* link in new command */
  set_lock(LOCK_COMQ);
  if(comq == NULL) { /* no other commands exist */
    comq = n;
  } else {
    aldl_comq_t *e = comq; /* end of linked list */
    while(e->next != NULL) e = e->next; /* seek end */
    e->next = n;
  }
  unset_lock(LOCK_COMQ);
}

aldl_comq_t *aldl_get_command() {
  set_lock(LOCK_COMQ);
  if(comq == NULL) {
    unset_lock(LOCK_COMQ);
    return NULL; /* no command available */
  }
  aldl_comq_t *c = comq;
  comq = c->next; /* advance to next command */
  unset_lock(LOCK_COMQ);
  return c;
  /* WARNING you need to free this after you're done with it ... */
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
University Senate talks diversity, assaults and budget impasse
Frank Wilson, University Senate Council President, discussed the state budget impasse and diversity and inclusion at Wednesday afternoon's council meeting. Nikki Moriello | Senior Staff Photographer
Pitt's graduate and undergraduate student governments, along with other members of a working group, have called on the University Senate Council to commit to focusing on diversity and inclusion in the 2016-2017 school year.
At Wednesday's monthly Senate Council meeting, council members listened and responded to the proposition, where Student Government Board and the Graduate and Professional Student Government outlined four concrete initiatives focusing on diversity and inclusion. Chancellor Patrick Gallagher and Frank Wilson, president of the University Senate Council, called on students, faculty and staff to urge state legislators to pass a budget, as well.
Here are three takeaways from the meeting:
Diversity and Inclusion group propose Year of Diversity and Inclusion for 2016-2017
The Senate Council Group on Diversity and Inclusion presented four potential courses of action to make Pitt more diverse and inclusive.
As a foundation for the initiatives, SGB president Nasreen Harun, SGB members Everett Green, Meghan Murphy and Natalie Dall, GPSG president, Joseph Kozak and other members of the Group suggested revamping The Pitt Promise. The Pitt Promise is currently an ethical conduct code for Pitt students. Students, faculty and staff would have the opportunity to sign the contract, promising to adhere to new standards of ethical guidelines.
"People need to know [The Pitt Promise] exists and know that it clearly states who we are and our values," Kozak said. "The Promise needs to be a major part of the University."
Dominique Johnson, a communication graduate student and head of the GSPG Sexual Assault Task Force, said the Promise will introduce a system for when people act counter to it that includes a way to reinforce it as a part of Pitt community.
The pitch for a reworked Promise set the tone for the next SGB-GPSA proposition — making the academic year of 2016-2017 the year of diversity and inclusion. Seeing the success of the Year of the Humanities, Harun said this proposition will bring diversity and inclusion to the forefront of the University's focuses.
"The grants and incentives that come from designating [2015-2016] as the Year of Humanities has really made people think about this topic," Harun said.
According to the Group, implementing these initiatives will begin at the next Senate meeting, which he hopes to designate to discussing diversity and inclusion in greater detail.
The meeting would offer Senate members a chance to extensively discuss diversity and inclusion as abstract concepts.
The SGB representatives also proposed an advisory council specific to the Office of Affirmative Action, Diversity and Inclusion. The goal of the council, according to Johnson, would be fostering long-term commitment at every level of the University and facilitating conversations about diversity that would lead to solutions.
"The Senate is the most appropriate place for this to begin," Kozak said. "We want to include feedback from all of you and your constituents."
Gallagher discusses recent influx of crime alerts
Gallagher said after four sexual assaults in Oakland within two weeks, various local news outlets reported on the influx. Gallagher stressed that there is no evidence for any sort of increased risk for Pitt students. Both the Pitt police and city police are still investigating the separate cases, but Gallagher said there is no "serial" trend related to the incidents.
"I want to highlight that we do live in urban environment, so it's important for everyone to be responsible," Gallagher said. "We're hiring more Pitt police, there are more self-defense classes and the University is using social media and text messaging for crime alerts."
Gallagher said students' willingness to come forward about assaults signifies a positive step up, regarding campus climate.
Interim Vice Provost and Dean of Students Kenyon Bonner said assaults like those over the last two weeks are inevitable in an urban setting, but that doesn't make them unimportant.
"Even one incident is concerning to the University," Bonner said.
Pitt expected to get nearly $150 million from the state when budget passes
The Pitt Board of Trustees proposed increasing financial aid and employee salaries for Pitt's budget this year, but Pennsylvania's state budget — due eight months ago — still has not passed.
"Not having $150 million is real," Gallagher said. "I don't think we'll see precipitous effects, but it could erode the long-term financial standing of the University."
Wilson and other members encouraged faculty and staff to get more involved by writing letters to their representatives and asking their colleagues to do the same. He asked that as many people as possible attend Pitt Day in Harrisburg March 22, so the University's push for state legislators to pass the budget is firm and clear.
"We need to make Pitt Day [in Harrisburg] a show of strength in numbers," Wilson said. "We need to ask them why state universities aren't appreciated."
Wilson requested a deeper level of political engagement from all students and staff, but specifically called on Paul Supowitz, vice chancellor for community and governmental relations.
Wilson proposed that Pitt faculty and staff push for a referendum of the legislature, suspending the representatives' bonuses and pay in the same way that Pitt's have been frozen.
Supowitz said students, faculty and staff can urge legislators to pass a budget through direct requests.
"Students, as well as all other members of the Pitt community — alumni, staff and friends — can all make a difference by contacting their state representative, senator and Gov. [Tom] Wolf to implore them to put aside partisan differences on other issues," Supowitz said in an email.
Wilson also encouraged students to engage the budget issue. He suggested students also write to their representatives, but he said the best results come from students attending Pitt Day in Harrisburg.
"Personal contact really made the difference last year in getting results," Wilson said. "It's a lot harder for legislators to look [students] in the eye and answer that they're screwing you."
Correction: A previous version of this story stated that SGB and GPSG introduced the four diversity and inclusion initiatives. It was the Senate Council Group on Diversity and Inclusion, which includes SGB and GPSG, that introduced the initiatives. The story has been updated.
Next Read: Two Pitt gymnasts earn EAGL honors »
Pitt suing sports marketing company for $3.6 million
The University of Pittsburgh has filed a complaint against IMG College, the nation's largest collegiate…


text:
Ubisoft Odesa — дочірня студія французького розробника й видавця відеоігор Ubisoft, розташована в Одесі, Україна. Була заснована в березні 2018 року та з того часу допомагає розроблювати проєкти Ubisoft.

Історія
Про відкриття студії було офіційно оголошено на конференції розробників відеоігор Game Developers Conference в Сан-Франциско, США. В пресрелізі було зазначено, що одеський підрозділ долучиться до інших семи студій Ubisoft для спільної роботи над розвитком франшизи Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon, а також працюватиме над спільними проєктами з підрозділом у Києві.

В 2019 році в компанії працювало вже 30 співробітників. Ubisoft Odesa планує розширення до 60 розробників за 2 перших роки. Основними кадрами в розширенні студії будуть програмісти C++, продюсери, спеціалісти DevOps та DevTesters.

Див. також
 Ubisoft Kyiv — перша відкрита в Україні дочірня студія Ubisoft, заснована 2008 року.

Примітки

Посилання
 Офіційний вебсайт Ubisoft

Ubisoft
Розробники відеоігор
Підприємства у галузі інформаційних технологій
Розробники відеоігор України
Засновані в Україні 2018


text:
Dealing with debt: Pandemic exposes wide gap in financial literacy among Sonoma County residents
Nonprofits and government agencies that serve as the county's safety net in crises have been deluged with cries for help from people who have no savings, too much debt and no plan for riding out an unexpected disaster.|
MARY FRICKER
FOR THE PRESS DEMOCRAT
Spotlighting household debt and financial literacy in Sonoma County
This story is the latest in a series by longtime former Press Democrat reporter Mary Fricker detailing the economic struggles of Sonoma County residents, focusing on debt, savings and financial literacy.
More of the published Dealing with Debt stories:
Nonprofit, business sectors team up to bolster financial literacy in Sonoma County
Sonoma County borrowers climb out from mountain of debt
A consumer debt breakdown in Sonoma County
Reduction in mortgage debt improves finances for Sonoma County homeowners
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed deep rifts that have long divided the rich and poor in Sonoma County, but one is drawing increased scrutiny from educators and business leaders who think it can be bridged: a lack of financial knowledge and planning.
Nonprofits and government agencies that serve as the county's safety net in crises have been deluged with cries for help from people who have no savings, too much debt and no plan for riding out an unexpected disaster.
This is a problem that starts at the most basic level, some experts say, because California doesn't require its youth to study personal finance in order to graduate from high school.
In the one setting where all people have an opportunity to learn the critical life skills that can save them from financial ruin, that class is not required.
This means some never learn how to budget, manage money, avoid excessive debt, spend wisely or save for their future — vital knowledge that can decide who survives a financial crisis and who has options for their future.
This can be especially ruinous for young people who don't have parents or other close mentors able to teach them about finance or model prudent money management, several money managers told The Press Democrat. Too often these youth sign up for debts they don't realize can haunt them for years and dramatically limit their life path compared to their more privileged peers.
Thrust unprepared high school graduates into today's economy — one rocked by a global pandemic, perennial catastrophic wildfires, runaway housing prices, a skyrocketing stock market, cryptocurrency bubbles and get-rich schemes — and financial disaster is inevitable for some.
"Now more than ever, students and their families need information about how to navigate their financial futures," said Susan Campbell, professor of education at Sonoma State University and an advocate for personal finance education for youth.
State failure on finance learning
California does encourage public schools to teach personal finance. The curriculum and textbooks requested by California legislators and recommended by the state Department of Education include personal finance periodically from first grade through high school. Textbooks for economics, a course required to graduate from high school, must include sections on personal finance. And the state provides financial literacy resources online for anyone who is interested.
But none of this is required for graduation, and many teachers have no training in how to teach such a sensitive and opaque subject. This means the quality of personal finance education in California is uneven, depending on the school district, the teacher and demands from parents.
"In California, it is a local decision whether to offer these elective courses. There is no state mandate to do so. Creating such a mandate would require legislation and funding," Scott Roark, a spokesman for the state Department of Education, said in an email.
"California schools get an 'F,'" a headline from the nonprofit education newsroom EdSource declared in 2017, when California's efforts to teach personal finance to high school students received a failing grade in a national survey by the Center for Financial Literacy at Champlain College in Vermont. The five states that got an "A" require high school students to complete a one-semester course in personal finance for graduation.
"When I present at schools, I show that 'F' for California, and I tell the students, 'I'm here because your teacher wanted you to know that money is going to be an important part of your future,'" said David Williams, chief marketing and human resources officer for Community First Credit Union.
Local focus on problem
Williams is a member of a corps of Sonoma County businesspeople and educators who see the void and dedicate thousands of hours and dollars every year to reach local youth with financial training before they leave school for adult life.
They understand that households and regional economies with savings and manageable debt are much better able to ride out recessions than those struggling under heavy debt loads, as numerous economic studies — and daily life in Sonoma County for the past year — have shown.
Going into the pandemic, total debt amassed by Sonoma County households was twice as large as their incomes, according to the Federal Reserve. Although local households had cut their debt in half since its peak during the Great Recession a dozen years ago, it was still almost double the debt levels in much of middle America and 30% higher than California as a whole.
This burden falls heaviest on low-income individuals and families. It's one reason financial illiteracy is a key cause of inequality, some studies have shown.
"There absolutely is an inequality to this. There's no fairness to the situation at all, and we must do a better job helping everyone become more financially savvy," emphasized Eileen Freiburger, a partner and certified financial planner with Abacus Wealth Partners in Sebastopol.
The Sonoma County Civil Grand Jury zeroed in on this challenge in its 2020 report, issued in August. It noted the county had the largest population of homeless youth in the United States, compared to similar-sized communities, and suggested the solutions include more programs that teach financial literacy in schools.
"Young people often lack the basic financial literacy and life skills that would help them navigate and thrive in this economy," the Grand Jury concluded.
Steve Herrington, Sonoma County's schools superintendent, supported financial training in a written reply to the grand jury.
"We encourage financial literacy for students!" he wrote with emphasis. "This is an important life skill for all students, to include students who are currently experiencing homelessness."
In a follow-up email to The Press Democrat, Herrington said, "By including in-depth sections on financial literacy in 12th grade economics, a course required for graduation, the state's intent is that schools should be covering this topic in economics classes. It is also included in the state's social studies and math framework for all state textbooks. While there is no mechanism to enforce this currently, the intent is clear."
State Sen. Mike McGuire and Assemblymen Jim Wood and Marc Levine, who represent Sonoma County in Sacramento, did not reply when asked why the Legislature doesn't require public school students to study personal finance in order to graduate from high school.
But McGuire and Levine did say they believe financial education is critical. McGuire serves on the Senate Education Committee, which takes the lead on education policy in the upper house of the Legislature.
"Absolutely, financial literacy is critical to the long term success of young people. Financial literacy programs in high school help young adults secure a long-term career, manage their household income, save for a house and manage or pay off debt," McGuire, D-Healdsburg, said in an email.
"While the state gives significant authority and control to local school districts on educational programs, I do believe financial literacy should be at the top of every district's list. These programs help teens and adults thrive in today's world," McGuire said.
Levine, D-San Rafael, agreed.
"California's public education system empowers school districts to make decisions that best meet the needs of their students," he said. "Financial literacy is important, which is why parents and guardians across the state should engage their local school boards to demand that financial literacy programs be made available to all students."
Teaching teachers
One step Sonoma County is taking to improve financial education in the public schools is occurring at Sonoma State University, where education students are now being trained how to teach personal finance, thanks to a $25,000 grant from Redwood Credit Union.
"We have a tremendous amount of financial confusion, and teachers really want to have the resources to teach students in fun and engaging ways, but it hasn't been worked into the curriculum," said Campbell at Sonoma State.
Campbell is developing a curriculum and began teaching it to elementary school teachers in the 2019-2020 school year. The high school curriculum is in the planning phase. Eventually the university also plans to evolve the curriculum into a personal finance course for its own students who did not learn about money in high school.
"We believe money management is an essential life skill for young people to learn, which is why we've been offering financial education programs to students for more than a decade," Redwood Credit CEO Brett Martinez said. "Because financial education isn't a standardized graduation requirement, providing educators the tools to teach basic money management skills helps them set students up for real-world success."
Teaching about money is not easy. Many Americans don't like to talk about it, families often don't discuss it, and in some ways it has become more taboo than sex, said several financial advisers.
But for Campbell it's a familiar topic that she embraces. A lifelong educator, she spent four years in the 1980s working her way up from novice to floor broker at the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange in San Francisco. "I went back to education. I was disillusioned. All anybody talked about was money," she said with a smile.
One main way high school students in Sonoma County learn about personal finance today is when a teacher — often in economics or math — chooses to include it.
For example, at El Molino High School all seniors get at least six weeks of personal finance because teacher Eric Wycoff has for years emphasized it in his senior economics course.
"Our kids get a gazillion messages from society about buy, buy, buy, and we need to teach them about the consequences. They're just prey for people who control the credit markets. That can easily be avoided. I want kids to have the tools they need so they can budget, save and begin to invest early for their future," Wycoff said.
Many teachers can't do that effectively without training.
So in 2018, after a decade of pushing for personal finance education in various ways, Redwood Credit Union offered a $25,000 grant to the Sonoma State School of Education to develop course material to train education students how to teach financial literacy once they're working in the classroom.
"By partnering with SSU to create a curriculum within their School of Education, we are working toward ongoing and sustainable financial education for generations to come," said Matt Martin, senior vice president at Redwood Credit Union.
Campbell presented her elementary curriculum at the fall 2019 conference of the National Council for the Social Studies in Austin, Texas, along with Ryan Kurada, an award-winning kindergarten teacher at University Elementary School at La Fiesta in Rohnert Park.
"Teachers were so eager to hear about it. It's almost to a point of desperation," Campbell said.


In celebration of National Eat Outside Day on August 31st, we put together a list of some of our favorite Dot restaurants with outdoor dining spaces. Grab a friend or two and spend the afternoon soaking up the sunshine.
As summer draws to a close, head to Yellow Door for their frozen sangria! It's housemade sangria blended to perfection! While you're there, you might as well get the chips and guacamole, right?
Converse is celebrating this new opening during the first two weekends of September with promotions and customization specials. Kicking off over Labor Day Weekend, consumers will receive a free backpack with each purchase of $75 or more on a first come, first serve basis. The next weekend, from September 7- 9, Converse is hosting a Chuck Taylor customization event filled with giveaways, food, and music between 12:00 – 5:00 PM.
Bowling and School Supplies! Head to Boston Bowl on Labor Day weekend and the first 100 kid bowlers will get a "Back to School" kit with a paid game of bowling! September 1st, 2nd and 3rd!
Feel like getting lost in some fog? Take a trip to Franklin Park and check out Called Fog x FLO: Fujiko Nakaya on the Emerald Necklace. This new installation is made up of "fog sculptures" and will be on display in five parks including Back Bay Fens, Olmsted Park, Jamaica Pond, the Arnold Arboretum, and Franklin Park. Responding to climate, these sculptures will release soft clouds of fog from dawn to dusk through October 31st and will change shapes based on wind patterns, humidity, temperature, and gravity! Cool!
It's Prehistoric Dino Day at the Franklin Park Zoo! They're going out with a big bang, as Destination Dino at Franklin Park Zoo comes to an end. Join us on Saturday, September 1, for dinosaur facts, crafts, and more as we celebrate all things prehistoric! Don't miss your chance to hear from zookeepers, as they highlight a few of the Zoo's animals that may even be related to our dino friends.
The Martin Richard Foundation is looking for volunteers to help them with their MR8 Run for Gratitude on Monday – September 3, 2018, 9 am. For more information on volunteering or running the race, visit here!
The post Weekend Picks – Labor Day Weekend! appeared first on Caught In Dot.


There are many reasons a child's speech is unintelligible. Children sometimes have what is known as an 'articulation disorder' which is characterized by sound substitutions such as 'wabbit' instead of 'rabbit', "thoap" instead of "soap", or "tookie instead of "cookie". Another disorder, known as a 'phonological disorder', occurs when there is difficulty producing a particular speech pattern. Examples include, 'final sound deletion' where the ending of every word is left off, or 'initial sound substitution' where the beginning sound is substituted for another even though the child can say the correct sound ('daw instead of 'saw', or 'douse' for 'house'). Apraxia of speech is a more complex disorder where a child is able to make all the movements found in speech production until they try to talk. When they want to talk it's difficult or sometimes impossible to make the same movements. In addition, the errors are inconsistent. Sometimes they say a sound or word correctly and other times they do not. Last, is a motor speech disorder known as dysarthria. As the name suggests, lack of clarity is the result of disturbance in the muscular control of the jaw, lips, and tongue.


If you are leaving for your freshman year at college in a few weeks time, you are probably incredibly excited. Perhaps even a little anxious. The time you spend in college will be some of the best years of your life - a time you will remember for the rest of your life.
That being said, while college is an amazing experience, uprooting yourself and moving away from home is a big deal. You will no longer have your mom to cook for you, and so you may end up living off of junk food and takeaways.
Combine lots of fatty foods with late nights studying and drinking, and your perfect complexion will disappear. If you aren't careful about what you eat and how you treat your skin while you are away, you will end up with unhealthy skin.
However, if you simply follow the tips below, you can ensure that even while you are away at college, that your skin stays looking fantastic. Intrigued? Yes - then make sure to keep reading below, for all our top skin care tips.
The first thing that you should know is that drinking lots of water is a must. If you don't drink enough water, not only will you end up with a massive headache, but your skin will also become dehydrated.
Invest in a one-liter water bottle and aim to fill it up at least three times a day - the more water you drink, the better. Pick out a chic water bottle and make sure that you take it to class with you every day. Make your drinking water experience fun!
Don't make the mistake of leaving your makeup on when you go to bed. Every night, whether you have been out partying or not, make sure to remove your makeup. Makeup that's left on overnight can not only dry your skin out, but it can also lead to premature aging.
Before you leave for college, invest in a natural facial cleanser and makeup remover and use them each night before bed. For nights when you have been out partying, it's a good idea to have a pack of natural cleansing wipes by your bed, so that you can easily remove your makeup.
If you haven't heard of microdermabrasion devices before, you might be wondering what we are talking about. Microdermabrasion devices are amazing products that exfoliate your skin, removing dead skin cells.
Admittedly, some models can be expensive to buy, but they last for years, and not all models are expensive, anyway. If you go online, you can see the different options available and can access a comparison of microdermabrasion devices by Aquilah. This will allow you to look at the pros and cons of each device and choose one that is within your price range.
When you start college, you won't have your parents cooking your meals for you or nagging you to eat healthily. It's far too easy to fall into a routine or snacking on junk food and eating ready meals and takeaways each night. However, if you want to keep your skin looking good, as well as your waistline, it's best to opt for a healthier lifestyle.
Yes, the odd pizza is okay, but most of the time aim to eat healthy. You might not realize it, but eating healthy can be not only cheap but also easy. Making healthy meals isn't difficult, as there are plenty of simple recipes online that you can follow.
To ensure that your skin stays looking good while you are at college, make sure to follow the simple tips above. Make sure that you eat healthy, drink lots of water and always remove your makeup, and your skin should stay looking great.


text:
We play a vital role in responding to emergencies at home and abroad.
Our expert staff support infectious disease outbreaks, natural disasters and disaster victim identification and management.
Our teams also drive research and innovations that help predict and prevent infectious conditions, control the spread of disease and deliver the forensic analysis investigators need to solve crimes and keep our communities safe.
We play a vital role in responding to emergencies at home and abroad. (YOUTUBE )
To view this video, please click here to view it on YouTube
Our pathologists, scientists and technical staff provide confirmation and reference testing for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, meningococcus, influenza, legionella, HIV, the human papillomavirus and many more. Fast, accurate confirmation is critical to prevent the spread of disease in our public hospitals and communities.
Our Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services is the only NSW laboratory equipped to undertake diagnostic testing for the Ebola virus.
We support the World Health Organisation's Neisseria Reference Laboratory which coordinates national surveillance of the pathogens that cause meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea. The laboratory provides comprehensive data on strains of gonorrhoea that are resistant to antibiotics, helps inform treatment and coordinates monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhoea across the Western Pacific and South East Asia.
We operate the only hospital-based medical entomology laboratory in Australia which provides research and advice about the impact of insect-borne diseases on human health.
We partner with the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance to evaulate Australia's immunisation programs and contribute to the development of national vaccination policies.
We manage the first laboratory in Australia that was equipped to measure iodine levels in urine with a specialised testing method. The process was used by the Centre for Disease Control (Atlanta) to establish an international quality assurance program for testing iodine levels.
We provide specialised testing to help detect legionella bacteria in cooling towers and hot water systems which can lead to infection in humans.
We offer one of the most comprehensive range of tests in NSW that help detect harmful trace elements including lead, copper, zinc, selenium and titanium.