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In studying and creating nanostructures with novel functionality, optical systems that leverage the new effects are required to find successful application. With compactness and feasibility in mind, our group has demonstrated the incorporation of the near-field and diffractive effects of novel nanostructures as improvements of traditional optical systems.
INFRARED DETECTION BY SPR IMAGING
Thermal infrared detectors of long wave infrared radiation (LWIR) in the in the 8-14 micron band allow a wide variety of otherwise invisible physical phenomena to become observable, including the acquisition of characteristic chemical vibrational spectra for scientific and medical analysis, optical data transfer and telecommunications, and thermal imaging for military and civil service. Temperature changes in electrical voltage or current induced by absorbed infrared light have also been used for thermal IR detection, and crucially, are the basis for uncooled IR detectors, bolometers and focal plane arrays. However, a drawback for thermal sensors is the high thermal conductance of silicon upon the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) that limits the maximum temperature contrast achievable. Instead of an electrical readout mechanism, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor loaded with a thermo-optic polymer sensitive to LWIR absorption for readout in the visible optical domain. Thermal radiation induced refractive index changes in the polymer layer shift the SPR resonance and are observed as reflectance changes in a visible imaging system. Our device is based upon a nanoimprinted subwavelength gold grating to diffractively couple near-normal incident angles of visible spectrum light into a propagating SPR mode. A conformal polymeric thin film absorptive in the thermal imaging band is deposited on the grating, and imaged in reflection. Such a sensor provides a simple and compact imaging system in the LWIR using off-the shelf parts readily available for visible imaging systems.
Improving stationary Fourier transform spectroscopy
Optical Fourier Transform (FT) spectroscopy offers exceptional resolution and signal to noise ratio with high specificity for the analysis of chemical spectral signatures. Stationary FT spectrometers measure this spectra without moving parts and have relied on the availability of detector arrays to stabilize and compact the bulky topology of the traditional mirror drive interferometers. Despite this advantage, stationary FT spectrometers measure single dimensional interference patterns, and as such, have resolving powers that are fundamentally limited by the length of a detector array. By introducing spectral dispersion into the stationary interferometric signal pattern, our spectrometer increases the resolving power of the highly compact and mechanically stable stationary Fourier transform spectrometers. In particular, we leverage the immense growth in pixel counts of two-dimensional imaging detectors by the conversion of the standard single dimensional interferogram into a two-dimensional spectral interferogram processed in spatial channels, reducing the bandwidth sampling constraints on resolution. Imaging detectors and focal plane arrays that are now widely available can now be designed around the highly compact format of stationary Fourier transform spectroscopy without sacrificing resolution or SNR.
Two-photon microscopy has had an enormous influence on animal studies of in vivo brain activity providing a tool for high-resolution imaging in live cortical tissue. Yet, the majority of 2-photon imaging studies, as of today, have focused on the top ~500 μm of the cerebral cortex due to limited penetration of light into biological tissues. Cerebral neurons, however, are wired in circuits spanning the entire cortical depth (~ 1 mm in mice), and sampling of activity throughout this depth would be required for reconstruction of circuit dynamics. Therefore, increasing the in vivo penetration depth of microscopic imaging is at the heart of our research. We demonstrate that the degree of freedom introduced by non-degenerate 2-photon excitation (ND-2PE), using two independently controlled pulsed laser sources of different photon energies, may provide a number of advantages over the conventional methods promising deeper penetration with higher efficiency of excitation in a scattering medium. The presence of two laser beams allows:
Tuning the combination of wavelengths to optimize excitation cross-section for each fluorophore;
Independent control of power (and polarization) such that an increase in the IR power can be used to compensate for the loss of NIR power due to scattering and absorption;
Spatial displacement of the two beams to limit the overlap to the focal volume, minimizing background excitation
This technique has been applied to live mice and the neuron images in mice brain showed the signal enhancement with ND-2PE.
Raman identification of DNA composition
Raman spectroscopy is a technique in which the inelastic scattering of photons interacting with matter is used to determine the molecular structure of the material or analyte of interest. The change in energy of the photons and the magnitude of the scattering intensity correspond to the molecular geometry and yield unique information about the subject. Metal structures enhancement the Raman signal by exploiting two effects: (i) optical field localization, termed electromagnetic enhancement, and (ii) chemical enhancement effect due to charge transport between metal and the molecule.
Chemical enhancement
Chemical enhancement is a product of several effects, including the excitation of the molecular resonance, the charge-transfer effect, and the static polarizability effect, leading to Raman signal enhancement when the excitation energy is in resonance with the electronic transitions that are generated when electrons from the molecular orbitals of the molecule interact with the orbitals of the nanoscale metallic devices. We have studied this effect to understand the repeated discrepancies regarding the surface-enhanced Raman signal of DNA bases, and using cytosine and guanine as examples, have experimentally measured the charge-transfer (CT) effect that leads to resonance Raman scattering (RRS). Our studies have demonstrated that DNA base SERS system's intensities are dependent on the excitation energy and is caused by the CT resonant band that is created by the transfer of electrons between the metal and nucleic acid. Critically, the effect is chemically selective and can be utilized to provide additional degrees of freedom to obtain information about the subjects of interest, such as DNA.
Structural identification
Our studies into chemical enhancement and the charge transfer effect have shown that the Raman spectrum is sensitive to the way in which molecules bind to the surface of materials. Namely, the chemical interaction is dependent on the molecular orientation of the DNA strand with respect to the plasmonic surface, which is revealed in the spectral features of the Raman signature. We have demonstrated that we can extract the surface binding properties of nucleic acids to silver films by correlating TD-DFT calculations with experimental measurements. We developed the simulated Raman correlation spectroscopy (SRCS) process, an algorithm that detects the approximate binding orientations of nucleic acids with respect to silver by optimizing the correlation coefficient between weighted simulated Raman calculations and the experimental Raman spectra. With this research, we confirmed that specific atoms within nucleic acids preferentially bind to the surface of plasmonic materials which can be used in future research when measuring the Raman signatures of DNA functionalized to nanoparticles.
Label-free detection
We have developed a label-free Raman spectroscopic detector and classifier for nucleic acid composition in single stranded of DNA (ssDNA) linearized onto the surface of plasmonic nanomaterials. This method utilizes metal films with nanoscale features that greatly enhance the electromagnetic field for low concentration detection, and introduces a statistical analysis approach in which many Raman signals are measured and analyzed. Using rapid Raman spectral mapping of the plasmonic surface for data acquisition, and training against 200 base length ssDNA calibration standards, composition prediction with single base resolution could be achieved for accurate identification. This demonstration of label-free detection of DNA can reduce material and labor costs in genomics, and supply healthcare professionals with an advanced medical diagnostic technique.
Plasmonics & biosensing
The resonance of charge density oscillations on metal surfaces known as surface plasmons enable optical coupling to highly localized modes. Through surface patterning and functionalization, novel structures are engineered to be highly sensitive to refractive index changes in the near-field and drive otherwise weak optical processes such as Raman scattering. Our group studies both propagating and localized surface plasmon modes and their applications to biological sensing, imaging techniques, and improved optical communications.
Near-field enhancing nanostructures
Metallic surfaces can be engineered into structures that resonantly couple incident optical energy into highly localized "hot-spots." These intense near-field distributions greatly improve the rate of Raman scattering, an otherwise weak scattering process, resulting in high fidelity signals for surface enhaced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Our group has developed nanostructures that resonantly couple light to surface plasmons over a broadband in the near-infrared and visible regimes.
We have designed gold metacoaxial nanoantennas (MN) that localize the incident electromagnetic field to "hotspots" with a top-down area of 2 nm, a local field enhancement of ~200-400, over a broad spectral range from the visible to the infrared, showing high potential for broadband metamaterial applications. In the nanoscale coaxial structure at frequencies below the surface plasmon frequency, the coax structure can support a plasmon polariton mode that resembles and qualitatively reducing to the TEM0 like mode of a conventional coaxial transmission line, while the tip geometry on each of the prongs causes high field localization of the localized surface plasmon modes. Moreover, the nanoantenna hotspots are reconfigurable by engineering structural circular symmetry breaking, and can be tailored to exhibit circular dichroism. These attributes offer significant improvements over traditional nanoantennas as building blocks for metasurfaces.
We have also developed plasmonic 'nanotorch' structures with controllable rim diameter and deterministic orientation. These gold nanotorch structures have demonstrated high local field enhancement repeatable Raman measurements with less than 20% standard deviation. This will not only improve the limit of detection, but also increase the spatial resolution of SERS detection when the nanotorches are arranged in a periodic array. These features enable the spatial resolution of practical biodetection to shrink greatly impacting applications of single (i.e., low concentration) molecule detection.


Whether it is atmospheric ambient lighting, elegant and high‐quality cabinetry, the well‐placed windows, or perfectly finished leather texture foil. It is the many small and big details that provide a wonderful feeling of space and make a KNAUS caravan so special overall.
So that your vacation remains unforgettable from the very first moment until the final second, our caravans have elements that increase both the driving as well as the living comfort. For this reason, we place as much value on an AKS stabiliser as on excellent mattresses.
With our five different cabin doors, you have all the options. All KNAUS cabin doors are equipped with a weatherproof double seal to keep out unwanted driving rain and other weather conditions safely. The COMFORT and PREMIUM variants also have an automotive locking system and are available in an extra‐wide version depending on the layout.
From the tank drain valve to the venting valves, from the water tank to the power connector: Thanks to the newly developed ServiceBox, you have central access to all important elements of the supply technology in your caravan through a flap perfectly integrated into the side panel. Instead of spending hours searching and just as much time with a complicated filling process, you can instead relax quickly.
In our caravans, the expectations made of the furniture are very high. The expectations are not just met by providing attractive designs and a huge amount of storage space. Durability, durable construction and technology that inspires for as long as you own it – those are our standards.


Expertly crafted with exceptional attention to detail, this Shinwa Japanese Katana sword features a massive 28.3" blade of hand-forged Damascus 10-fold layers of carbon steel. This traditional design offers a heavy blood groove spanning the massive blade and a hand-sharpened edge that will slice with ninja precision. Ornate details such as the oxidized zinc alloy tsuba, solid brass habaki and genuine ray skin tsuka (handle) with silk cord wrappings make this fully functional collectible katana sword a prized showpiece among collectors. The intricately designed tsuba features a Japanese Thunder God design. The hardwood scabbard has a high-gloss black lacquer finish with coordinating cord accents.
Sword came sword sharp, the fittings are tight so far so good. I don't know what the "Damascus" folded steel is however when I used it to cut the cardboard box it came in the steel has scratched and the edge nicked so it must be a mild steel. The blade has a rotational warp so I'm not sure this is a battle ready sword. Be aware that this sword is ok for Kata not convinced its for fighting worth the price as long as you are not depending on it to fight.
I just recently received this sword. First impressions were nothing more then excitement and pure awe. The Damascus steel had a really beautiful pattern and the fittings were all tight. This sword also performs so much better than my Musashi katana. With that being said the tsuba, hi, spacings and the ito wrap and all the aesthetics look amazing. Despite all this my particular one I received has some very sad cons to it. Mines came with the spacings between the cord not very evenly spaced out. On one side of the wrap you can see the real ray skin yet you can see they didn't use the full ray skin wrap, just partially. The ito also has a chunk of the cotton flared out, it probably got caught on something in the factory and pulled it out. Despite these issues the sword is fine and it can easily be over looked. However one issue I can't seem the get over is near the lower part of the blade, where the cutting edge is, there is a very noticeable dent. This kinda made me sad but like I said, it is only on mine. Don't let this particular katana deter you from purchasing this sword. You will not be disappointed.
First i must say, I absolutely love this sword. I plan to have some cutting tests with it, but tested it on paper, it is super sharp. Only bad things I see, are very minor, first the tsuba is bent up just a little bit so it gives a slightly slanted straight on look, second, the blade is bent ever so slightly but it's right there and i can't overlook a bend, easily fixable however. And finally, third, the tsuba's thunder god, and lightning bolts are only partially painted, it's like someone said screw it and just stopped. Overall, this is such an amazing work of art, and i am very glad i have hold of it now, the layers in the blade are exquisitely beautiful and breath taking, this is a gorgeous piece good for collection and well made to hold an edge and cut through some pretty tough targets. I am very pleased with this beauty.


Hi Everyone, this is my second project of three for my Guest Design spot with Craft Your Passion.
The image is called Skull With Roses by Rick St. Dennis. I coloured the image using Copic markers and a Gelly Roll pen. I started off with a white 6x6 pearlised blank card which I layered with dark purple Bazzill card. I then covered it in pink web material. I added WOW embossing powder and distressed it using Versafine pink pearlised ink. I layered it onto purple pearlised card and added a hand tied double bow and various gems and embellishments.
Thank you for dropping by and I will see you all next time.
Excellent use of embellishments! Thanks for sharing and joining us at Inspiration Destination. Hope to see you again and good luck!
Fabulous, love all the textures (net and blings and ....). Your image is awesomly creepy. Thank you for joining Left of Center 69th challenge, good luck.
Very special Card, love the mage!
Thans for joining us at Creatalicious Challenge!
Great card. Fabulous image. Thank you for joining us over at the Scribble and Scrap Challenge. Good luck.


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Mumford & Sons announce festival-style New Zealand date
by Steve McCabe • 5 October, 2018 • 0 Comments
In celebration of the highly anticipated November release of their fourth studio album Delta, English folk conquerors MUMFORD & SONStoday announced details of a massive 60 date world tour which will include a very special one day event in Auckland this Summer – their first New Zealand show since 2015!
Over 800,000 tickets will go on sale next week for the world-wide Delta Tour, heralding the band's biggest tour since forming ten years ago.
In a mammoth one day, festival style show, Gentlemen of the Road comes to Auckland, where hosts Mumford & Sons will be joined by special guests Leon Bridges, Michael Kiwanuka, Angie McMahon and Sam Fender (with other artists soon to be announced) and will perform on The Outer Fields at Western Springs on Saturday, January 12, 2019. Mumford & Sons themselves curate the day's entertainment with a strong emphasis on celebrating the diverse businesses, culture and community of the city or town that welcomes them.
Tickets will go on sale 9am Friday, October 12.
Mumford & Sons release Delta on November 16 through Gentlemen of the Road/Island Records, nearly four years after their previous RIANZ #4 album Wilder Mind.
Introduced by the frenetic, persistent rhythms of first single 'Guiding Light', it's a wildly experimental record that effortlessly marries the intimacy and jubilance of the band's first two records, with the scope and stadium-sized dynamics of 2015's Wilder Mind.
Listen to the new single Guiding Light HERE
Deltawas produced by Paul Epworth (Adele, U2, London Grammar) in London.
Speaking about the new album, lead singer Marcus Mumford has said that Delta represents a place where "order meets chaos and shelter meets wilderness".
Pre-Order Delta HERE
Joining Mumford & Sons are very special guests Leon Bridges, Michael Kiwanuka, Angie McMahon and Sam Fender.
Leon Bridges, the young Fort Worth R&B artist who last performed in New Zealand in January 2016 is touring in support of his latest RIANZ Top 20 album Good Thing (released in May through Sony Music) featuring current single 'Beyond'.
By now Leon's backstory is well known; he went from working as a dishwasher and struggling through the open mic scene in his home town to two-time Grammy nominated artist performing at the White House for President Obama, attending the Met Gala and appearing on Saturday Night Live in a two-year span.
Good Thing marks the beginning of another transition for Leon Bridges. If Coming Home anointed him the R&B underdog whose sound was reminiscent of days past, Good Thing is an album firmly rooted in the modern world, with nods to R&B's storied and varied history.
Michael Kiwanuka signaled his arrival as one of the UK's most distinctive new voices in 2012 with his vintage soul imbued debut album, Home Again. It was a voice that sounded both rich and timeless, and the young Londoner received widespread critical acclaim. 2016's Love & Hate LP was a different beast entirely, produced by Danger Mouse it was one of the year's great peerless records and picked up support across the globe, earning Michael his first number 1 album in the UK, and his first Brit Award nominations too. Having toured the globe alongside a very special collection of musicians, Michael Kiwanuka is a true artist of distinction, and with the best almost certainly yet to come.
Angie McMahonis an Australian singer-songwriter, musician from Melbourne. McMahon performed in a nine-piece soul band called The Fabric before beginning her solo career. . Triple J said "Angie McMahon oozes absolute charm and songwriting power. Soak up her bold vocals and beautiful guitar tones with her debut track Slow Mover."
Sam Fender, rising British singer-songwriter and nominated BBC Sound of 2018 artist has been praised for his latest raw and poetic track 'Dead Boys', lifted from his forthcoming debut EP. Fender's lyrics reflect issues both pertinent and pressing, on political and social issues
Sam embarks on a UK headline tour this October/November before this his debut performance in New Zealand.
Stay tuned for a second announcement of further artists to join the lineup soon!
With Special Guest LEON BRIDGES, MICHAEL KIWANUKA, ANGIE McMAHON,
SAM FENDER + more
The Outer Fields, Western Springs – Saturday January 12
PROMOTER PRE-SALE:2PM WED 10 OCT – 8AM FRI 12 OCT LOCAL TIME
GENERAL ON SALE: 9AM FRIDAY 12 OCTOBER LOCAL TIME
For complete tour and ticket information, visit
SECRETSOUNDS.COM
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are few things in life that rival the pure unadulterated enjoyment of a well-planned and beautiful patio. The sky's the limit as far as your imagination and budget are concerned. You can start from the ground up, undertake a major renovation project, or make some minor changes to reinvent your outdoor living space on a budget.
Patios increase your home's value by improving the landscape and merging indoor with outdoor spaces. Choose from features like natural stone pavers, outdoor kitchens, patio covers, multimedia systems, living and dining furniture, water features and fancy lighting systems. Or you can create a simple and attractive spot for your table, chairs and outdoor grill.
Don't limit outdoor cooking to special occasions and summer holidays. The fully equipped kitchen here has the ultimate in gourmet accoutrement—a grill/smoker, refrigerator, sink, storage and even a dishwasher! But all you really need is a grill and a dining set to get your outdoor barbecue on.
This Mediterranean-inspired patio is an earthy oasis in the city. A stone fountain adds Old World charm and along with the walls, helps block the sights and sounds of the nearby highway.
There's nothing more inviting than creating a living room on your patio. Decorate the outdoor space just as you would your interiors. Arrange a cozy seating group to promote conversation and relaxation. Make sure you include plenty of comfortable cushions and pillows. You'll be using this outdoor space all summer long.
Consider furnishing your patio with unconventional pieces that can be switched out to create scenes that are worthy of an art installation. The hanging wicker egg chairs are on a stand and can easily be moved from one location in the yard to another depending on the time of day. Look for pieces with great patinas, unusual lines and interesting fabrics that will contribute to your artistic patio vibe.
This modest deck patio right off the house is a great place for Sunday brunch, summer cookouts or a relaxing afternoon with a good book and a tall glass of iced tea. The homeowner dressed it up with planters brimming with impatiens and little accessories to make the space feel homier.
You can make big changes with fabric. Give neutral patio furniture a kick of color with new cushions in fun outdoor fabric colors. If you can't purchase replacements through the manufacturer, hire a workroom to create new cushion covers. For this patio, the homeowner chose a warm red fabric to replace the blah tan.
Warm colors make this little patio pop. The glazed Mexican urn was transformed into an impressive fountain in a matter of hours. Brickwork columns, bamboo fencing and a pebble floor add to the textural nature of this outdoor "room". The folding bistro set and potted plants give the formerly underutilized space a genuine purpose.
If you like the looks of a covered patio but don't have the budget to fund or inclination to endure a remodel, consider a temporary fix. For a small investment, purchase a portable gazebo from the local home improvement center. Set it up once the weather warms up and enjoy it until the first frost.
This pagoda-inspired gazebo is constructed of durable cedar and topped with a shake roof. The furniture consists of a basic bench, chairs and a small table. The huge hanging petunia baskets add life and color to this fun patio. What a great place for afternoon lemonade or sangria!
This retro wicker seating and dining collection was a brilliant flea market find. It recently took its place on the side patio when the owner decided to spruce it up with a coat of paint and new cushions. The white paint matches the pergola perfectly. The chair cushions match the dining umbrella. Graphic black and white chevron pillows enhance the mid century look.
Don't have a patio surface? Create one in a weekend with an underlayment of crushed stone, patio pavers and sand for filler. A mortarless paver patio is as close as you can get to a failsafe project. Your main concern is making sure the area is completely level before you start. Find instructions online or advice from your home improvement center. You'll be sipping your Sunday morning coffee outside before you know it!
This indoor-outdoor patio totally works thanks to the atrium-style design that floods the room with light and opens up views to the yard. The space, while enclosed by glass, houses an outdoor grill, which is vented to the outside. The homeowner opens the French doors and casement windows on the warmest of summer days to circulate the air.
All patios can benefit from mood lighting and this one is no exception. The tiki torches installed around the perimeter provide a South Pacific feel to outdoor gatherings. These are gas torches that don't rely on stinky oils and refills to keep the party going. The commercial torches are fed by clean burning natural gas just like the grill.
Open to the back yard on three sides, this Colorado patio has all the comforts of home in the great outdoors. The owners utilize the space year-round—except during periods of heavy snow. It is the perfect place for cocktails and good conversation. The stacked stone fireplace is obviously the focal point of the space.
The clean lines of the faux wicker furniture seem to work with the fun and funky handcrafted pizza oven and metal countertop. The talented homeowner fabricated the wire base and metal countertop for the pizza oven in his metal shop. The base was moved on site and filled to the top with colorful river rock. Lush bamboo and leafy vegetation enclose the space adding color and creating an additional layer of privacy.
Your outdoor rooms should act as an extension of your home. For example, you could expand your bedroom by installing French doors leading onto a private courtyard, or make a combination kitchen/dining space seem even larger by opening the doors to your outdoor dining area.
On this Scottsdale patio, everything in the space is meant to complement to desert view. The patio surface, furnishings and pool deck blend in with the neutral color palette of the desert landscape. The generous overhang contains an integrated misting system to keep things cool when the temperatures heat up.
Without proper landscape lighting, no one would see notice the details of this gorgeous patio at night. Outdoor patio fixtures illuminate the olive tree and courtyard pond and augment the glow from the fireplace and indoor lighting.
This ingenious homeowner needed to create a glamorous spot for an outdoor cocktail party. The ordinary patio was transformed into a hip lounge with the addition of a crystal chandelier and strings of colored lights hung among the tree boughs. The subtle yet striking effect gives the patio the feel of an upscale club.
Small lots can easily accommodate separate outdoor living areas. The diminutive deck takes up every bit of this 500-square-foot space. The backyard patio has plenty of room for a casual seating area, dining table and outdoor kitchen.
This lovely flower-filled stucco courtyard in Cordoba, Spain can serve as inspiration for your patio. While you may want to cut back on the number of flowerpots, this is an easy way to provide color and a whimsical touch to any outdoor entertaining area. Simply purchase wall-mounted flowerpot holders or fashion your own out of wire and attach them to walls or fencing. Flower filled terra cotta pots create a living wall.
Saltillo lights up this Santa Fe patio with color and ethnic ambiance. These Mexican tiles are a favorite among owners of pueblo style homes. Saltillo tiles are clay-based and have a handcrafted appearance. The surface is beautiful, but somewhat porous and less durable than ceramic tile. Seal them for outdoor use.
Poolside patios should have partial cover to protect family and friends from overexposure to the sun. This fabulous home has plenty of covered areas designed for relaxing and dining. If your pool area lacks a patio cover, consider using freestanding and table umbrellas to improve everyone's comfort and safety.
Use your patio on sunny or rainy summer days by installing a retractable awning. Enjoy the sun in the morning and extend the awning to shield the patio from the intense afternoon rays. The shade will also help cut your summer electric bills. Choose from hand crank or motorized models.
Transform an unused area of your yard into a welcoming patio by installing an attractive pad with pavers, flagstone, gravel, wood or poured concrete. Select furnishings that suit your outdoor lifestyle and accessorize with container plants and lighting.
When planning a pergola for your patio, consider using reclaimed lumber. You will lessen the demand for newly harvested lumber and reclaimed is much stronger than newly cut wood. If you use FSC lumber, it can help your remodel earn LEED certification. This open-air dining and entertaining addition features reclaimed redwood salvaged from an abandoned sawmill in a neighboring town.
This seaside patio deck is a space the homeowners use from dawn until bedtime. They created a comfy seating area with two curved sofas fitted with overstuffed cushions and blue pillows that pick up the color from the fire pit tile. The space is equipped with little comforts like heat lamps, speakers and soft lighting.
This deck, dining and hot tub combo creates the perfect spot to unwind with a glass of wine after work. The teak table and chairs have seen many breakfasts, lunches and dinners over the years. The hot tub is used year-round and has soothed many an aching back. This patio makes the most of a small backyard.
A modern patio design looks stunning amid the fir trees in this northern Oregon yard. The sleek fireplace features a generous hearth and asymmetrical ledge for displaying decorative items. The custom sofa and chair provide stylish seating to savor the crackling fire—it's an ideal winter hangout.
Increase your patio's appeal and functionality by including plenty of accent tables to accommodate guests. Choose furniture fabrics to complement the exterior features of your home. Inject color and movement with potted plants and flowers. Choose materials that withstand the elements and become more attractive with age.
This garden patio complete with a pergola and lattice detail features minimal furniture pieces—only a bench and diminutive table. The little hideaway beckons guests to pause and reflect in the far reaches of the property.
Outdoor textiles have come a long way in recent years. Not only do they come in a wide variety of colors, textures and patterns, the fabric quality has vastly improved over the weather resistant fabrics of yesteryear. The classic linen-look of the chair cushions is the perfect neutral for lively Navajo stripe lumbar pillows.
This slate patio makes a versatile backyard retreat. While small, it takes advantage of its limited footprint and fabulous lake views. While currently set up for dining, the addition of chaise lounge chairs change the nature of the space. Surrounded by trees and lush vegetation, it becomes an ideal sunbathing spot.
Rugs can completely change the look of an outdoor space. They creates harmony and gives a patio that warm touch that can't be achieved with furniture alone. When shopping for an outdoor rug, make sure it is waterproof and resistant to mold.
High above the city, this little terrace has a big secret to share. The space is located upstairs and away from the kitchen and dining room of the apartment. To make outdoor entertaining easier, the owner has created a patio pantry to house essentials like paper places, plastic cups and utensils, linens, serving pieces and a few decorative accessories for party time.
Trees help define this adorable urban patio. A simple table and chairs provide an area for al fresco dining on the compact composite deck. A rock garden borders the space and thoughtful plantings complete the cohesive design.
What was once a shed on the property is now a rustic patio ramada. The walls of the cedar shed were removed and the upcycled lumber was used to make the camp style table and Adirondack chairs.
Give your outdoor space the look of an interior room with a few simple tips. Bring indoor elements out. Decorate like you would inside your home. Establish different zones for living, entertaining and dining. Keep your furnishings and surfaces clean.
We all need a quiet place for intimate conversation or catching up on the latest best seller. All it takes is a couple of chairs and maybe a surface for drinks. This patio goes the extra mile with a grid patterned garden wall, a trickling water feature, and warm and inviting fire pit. The rocking chairs make it a place you'll find hard to leave.
This poolside patio resembles a chic club with its low bench seating and cocktail table. Pale blue seat cushions and bright white pillows pop against the tans of the wood wall and flooring. The cabana stripe runner adds to the cool vibe of this outdoor lounge.
Considering a patio redesign? Take your color cues from your home's exterior to create a harmonious look. In this side yard dining area, everything ties in with the house and picket fence. No detail is overlooked—even the brown from the window frames is picked up by the wrought iron dining set.
How's that for a nightlight? In this patio under the stars, the focal point is the lustrous pendant centered over the outdoor living area. The mid century seating and light design echo the architecture of the 1950s California ranch. The stone colored palette and soft lighting draws guests into the space like moths to a flame.
How about a table for two on this sleek penthouse patio? Wood decking is an interesting material choice for an urban rooftop patio. The comfy lounge chairs and accent table make this a great spot to share wine and conversation, watch the sun set and take in the magic of the city at night.
This condo is on a golf course with manicured landscaping and a palette of natural colors. The look is repeated on the deck with plants, wood tones, rich wrought iron and crisp linen cushions. The subdued hues look marvelous against the verdant backdrop.
A view of the sea is really all you need to relax. However, this stunning terrace sure doesn't hurt. The rattan and tanned leather seating and tables can be configured any number of ways depending on the occasion. Keeping the space neutral and the furnishings simple allows you bring in other colors and furnishings to change the look when the mood strikes.
After an extensive remodel, this hillside patio turned into the family's favorite room of the house. It is accessible through several sets of French doors making it the ideal place to spend evenings enjoying the new fireplace and views of the town below.
The cheery red cushions, low sectional seating and striped pillows of this patio might be fitting for a Bedouin tent. However, this scene is of the seaside rather than the Sahara. Flowing fabric panels billow in the breeze creating an exotic cabana-like feel.


… It's Not An Either/Or Situation!
But, believe it or not, there are still quite a few "holdouts" that refuse to offer their books in digital format. The usual argument is that a book — especially THEIR book — is worth more than $2.99, or $4.99, or $9.99, or whatever the trending eBook price may be, so they're sticking to print books, which warrant (at least in their imagination) a higher price tag.
Unfortunately, they're confusing price with value. For most undiscovered authors, their books are only WORTH what readers are willing to pay for them, which usually isn't much. At least when you publish an eBook, which has no additional reproduction costs beyond the creation of the ePUB or MOBI file, you can keep the price low and make up in volume what you lose in revenue per unit sold. This is a proven method for building a readership, and print-only self-publishers are missing out.


With Neon Computers you've come to the right place for fast, efficient and cost effective HP computer repair. Based in Las Vegas Nevada, we've been providing an expert HP computer and laptop repair service, whether for home or business use.
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Rob McElhenney (n. în 1977, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) este un actor de film și televiziune. A jucat în filme ca Latter Days și The Tollbooth.

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Oameni din Philadephia, Pennsylvania
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De Centraalspoorweg is de spoorlijn van station Utrecht Centraal naar station Kampen, via station Amersfoort Centraal en station Zwolle. De spoorlijn is in de jaren 1860 aangelegd door de Nederlandsche Centraal-Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NCS) en vormt de kortste spoorwegverbinding tussen de Randstad en Noord-Nederland. Het gedeelte tussen Amersfoort en Zwolle staat ook wel bekend als Veluwelijn en het gedeelte tussen Zwolle en Kampen wordt ook wel het Kamperlijntje genoemd.

Geschiedenis

Het traject Utrecht – Amersfoort – Hattemerbroek werd geopend op 20 augustus 1863. Bijna een jaar later was de bouw van de IJsselbrug bij Hattem gereed en werd de spoorlijn doorgetrokken naar Zwolle. Op 6 juni 1864 werd het traject officieel in gebruik genomen. Het resterende traject Zwolle – Kampen volgde op 11 mei 1865. De kosten voor de aanleg van het laatste gedeelte werden deels gedragen door de NCS en deels door de gemeente Kampen. De gemeente Kampen legde circa ƒ 300 000 in. Voor deze gigantische som geld, die bijna de helft van de investeringen dekte, werd er anderzijds afgesproken dat de treinen uit Utrecht altijd door zouden lopen naar Kampen. Dit leverde in de praktijk problemen op, doordat men vanwege de indeling op het station Zwolle kop zou moeten maken. Dit was niet vreemd voor station Zwolle, tot de samenvoeging van de Staatsspoorwegen en de NCS was het een dubbel kopstation, voor de richtingen station Kampen - station Utrecht Centraal en station Arnhem Centraal - station Leeuwarden. Al snel werd de lijn gesplitst in een apart gedeelte Kampen – Zwolle en Zwolle – Utrecht.

In 1919 nam de Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen de exploitatie van de NCS over. De SS was twee jaar daarvoor al een belangengemeenschap met de HSM aangegaan. De NCS ging in 1934 geheel op in de Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Het traject Utrecht – Amersfoort werd in 1942 geëlektrificeerd. Tien jaar later was ook het traject Amersfoort – Zwolle met elektrisch materieel berijdbaar. Het traject Zwolle – Kampen werd niet geëlektrificeerd en bleef een los lijntje met dieseltractie.

In de jaren tachtig en negentig zijn tussen Utrecht Centraal en Blauwkapel en tussen Amersfoort en de aansluiting met Amersfoort spoorverdubbelingen gerealiseerd. Beide projecten kwamen uit het slechts beperkt uitgevoerde Rail 21-plan van de Nederlandse Spoorwegen. De projecten werden tussen 1988 tot 1998 in fasen gerealiseerd. Het doel was de knelpunten in de verbinding Utrecht – Amersfoort voor zowel intercityverkeer als overige treindiensten ongedaan te maken. Beide trajecten zijn hierbij viersporig gemaakt. Verder werden er diverse ongelijkvloerse kruisingen en twee fly-overs gebouwd. Door deze fly-overs kan het reguliere treinverkeer bij Blauwkapel en Amersfoort Aansluiting zonder gelijkvloerse kruisingen worden afgewikkeld.

Bijzonder aan de spoorlijn is de "knik" die even voor station Harderwijk in de lijn ligt. Dit is een van de scherpste bochten in het Nederlandse spoorwegnet (zie ook het kaartje bij het artikel).

Stations en gebouwen
Langs de spoorlijn heeft de NCS een aantal standaardstations gebouwd van architect Nicolaas Kamperdijk. Net als bij de meeste andere spoorwegmaatschappijen zijn deze stations verdeeld in een aantal klassen. De stationsgebouwen van Amersfoort, Nijkerk, Harderwijk en Kampen zijn van het standaardtype 1e klasse. Soestduinen en Elburg-Epe (later 't Harde) kregen stationsgebouwen van het type 2e klasse. Standaardstations van het type 3e klasse werden gebouwd in Putten, Nunspeet en Hattemerbroek. In Hulshorst en Bilthoven werd een nog kleiner ontwerp stationsgebouw neergezet. In Utrecht maakte de NCS gebruik van het station van de NRS en in Zwolle vanaf 1868 van het station van de Staatsspoorwegen. Tot dat jaar werd gebruikgemaakt van een tijdelijk station. Dit station bleef tot 1873 in gebruik voor goederenvervoer. Later werd op deze plek het postperron gerealiseerd.

Ten noorden van Nunspeet was van 1878-1935 een goederenhalte bij Kijkuit ten behoeve van het zogeheten Jurriaanse-spoor, een smalspoorlijntje voor de houtbouw tot aan Nieuw-Soerel.

In Bilthoven, Ermelo en Nunspeet werd rond het begin van de 20e eeuw het station verbouwd tot eilandstation. Het oorspronkelijke stationsgebouw werd hierbij vervangen door een perrongebouw. De halte Den Dolder, die in 1895 is geopend, kreeg in die periode een soortgelijk eilandstation. Het NCS station van Amersfoort werd gesloten in 1904. De treinen van alle maatschappijen stopten hier voortaan bij één gezamenlijk station. In 1911 werd het stationsgebouw van Kampen vervangen. Ten slotte werd in 1929 het stationsgebouw van Putten vervangen door een nieuw gebouw.

Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd het station Hattemerbroek gesloten. Station Wezep kreeg tien jaar later, in 1955, voor het eerst sinds de opening in 1863 een echt stationsgebouw. Dit gebouw werd in 2002 alweer gesloopt. Ook de halte Zwolle Veerallee kreeg in 1959 voor het eerst een echt stationsgebouwtje. Het station was tot 1970 in gebruik. Het gebouw werd 30 jaar later gesloopt. Later worden opnieuw enkele oude NCS-stationsgebouwen vervangen door nieuwbouw: 't Harde kreeg in 1979 een eenvoudig nieuw stationsgebouw, Harderwijk volgde drie jaar later. Hier werd een groter gebouw neergezet en bleef de historische overkapping bewaard. In Amersfoort werd in 1997 het bijna 100 jaar oude stationsgebouw vervangen.

Ook werden er na de oorlog drie voorstadhaltes langs de Centraalspoorweg geopend: Utrecht Overvecht in 1968, Amersfoort Schothorst in 1987 en Amersfoort Vathorst in 2006. In dezelfde periode zijn twee stations gesloten. In 1987 werd station Hulshorst gesloten om de bediening van het nieuwe station Amersfoort Schothorst mogelijk te maken. En in 1998 werd, vanwege een nieuwe opzet van de dienstregeling tussen Utrecht en Amersfoort, station Soestduinen gesloten.

Van de oorspronkelijke stationsgebouwen van de NCS zijn alleen de gebouwen in Soestduinen, Amersfoort, Nijkerk en Hulshorst bewaard gebleven. Hierbij is het station van Nijkerk het enige waar nog treinen stoppen.

Elektrificatie
De eerste plannen tot elektrificatie van deze spoorlijn dateren uit het begin van de twintigste eeuw. Doordat het reizigersvervoer op korte verbindingen steeds meer concurrentie van bussen begon te krijgen, maakte de NCS in 1914 plannen om het traject tussen Zwolle en Kampen te elektrificeren ter vereenvoudiging van de exploitatie. Omdat bij een stoomtrein vier man personeel nodig waren, kan bij elektrische tractie met twee man personeel worden volstaan. Door het uitbreken van de Eerste Wereldoorlog werden deze plannen uitgesteld. Nadat de techniek van verbrandingsmotoren bedrijfszekerder werd, werden de elektrificatieplannen geannuleerd ter faveure van motortractie. Vanaf de winterdienst van 1923/1924 werd tussen Zwolle en Kampen als eerste traject bij de NS motortractie door middel van omBC en omC motorrijtuigen ingevoerd.

Met de elektrificatie van het Middennet in het begin van de jaren 1940 werd het traject tussen Utrecht en Amersfoort in 1942 geëlektrificeerd. Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog volgde het traject tussen Amersfoort en Zwolle in 1952. Het traject tussen Zwolle en Kampen bleef een diesellijn. In 2017 werd de spoorlijn Zwolle – Kampen alsnog geëlektrificeerd.

Dienstregeling
Toen de gehele spoorlijn Utrecht – Kampen in 1865 gereed was, bereden alle treinen het gehele traject. Hierbij moest dus altijd kop gemaakt worden in Zwolle. Vanaf 1872 mochten de treinen van de NCS echter ook over Staatslijn A van SS doorrijden naar het noorden. Hierdoor gingen steeds meer treinen tussen Utrecht en Zwolle van en naar Groningen en Leeuwarden rijden. Door samenwerking met de NRS kwamen er in 1884 doorgaande sneltreinverbindingen tussen Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Den Haag via de Centraalspoorweg naar Groningen en Leeuwarden. In de meeste doorgaande treinen reden rijtuigen van en naar Kampen mee. Daarnaast reden er echter steeds meer aparte treinen tussen beide Hanzesteden. In 1892 reed de laatste reguliere rechtstreekse reizigerstrein over de gehele Centraalspoorweg.

Spoorslag '70
De opzet van de dienstregeling over de Centraalspoorweg met doorgaande sneltreinen tussen de Randstad en Groningen/Leeuwarden, stoptreinen tussen Zwolle en Utrecht en aparte treinen op het Kamperlijntje bleef decennialang bestaan. Met de invoering van het nieuwe dienstregelingsconcept Spoorslag '70 werden de doorgaande sneltreinen intercity's en ontstonden er consequente verbindingen en verbeterde aansluitingen. De intercity's tussen het noorden en de Randstad reden hierbij eenmaal per uur naar Amsterdam en met dezelfde frequentie naar Rotterdam en Den Haag. Hierbij reed de intercity uit Enschede juist naar de andere eindbestemming. In Amersfoort werd een cross-platform-overstap aangeboden, waardoor er min of meer een consequente halfuursdienst tussen het noorden en oosten van het land enerzijds en de grote steden in de Randstad anderzijds ontstond. De meeste treinen uit Groningen en Leeuwarden reden vanaf Zwolle gekoppeld. De dienst werd dan ook vrijwel geheel uitgevoerd door treinstellen. Tussen 1970 en eind jaren 80 door het materieel '54 en vanaf halverwege de jaren 80 door Koplopers. Dit materieel is min of meer ontwikkeld voor deze verbindingen. Omdat gedeeltes van het traject gekoppeld wordt gereden, werd het nu ook mogelijk om binnen in de trein over te stappen. Behalve reizigers konden nu ook catering en conducteurs tijdens de rit van treinstel wisselen. De doorloopkoppen worden overigens vanaf 31 oktober 2005 niet meer gebruikt.

De stoptreinen tussen Zwolle en Amersfoort reden na het invoeren van de nieuwe dienstregeling in 1970 het ene halfuur door naar Utrecht en het andere halfuur naar Amsterdam. Deze opzet werd al binnen enkele jaren gewijzigd in consequente halfuursdienst tussen Zwolle en Utrecht. Op het Kamperlijntje wordt vanaf 1970 ook voornamelijk een halfuursdienst gereden.

IC '90
Door de invoering van de OV-studentenkaart in 1991 ontstond een grote reizigersgroei. Om deze groei enigszins op te vangen werden in de zomer van dat jaar de zogenaamde IC '90-treinen ingevoerd. Dit betekende dat er voor het eerst in de twintig jaar na het invoeren van het intercitynet, twee geheel nieuwe intercityverbindingen bij kwamen. De treinen reden voornamelijk in de spits en op zondagavond. De verbindingen werden ingevoerd tussen Nijmegen en Den Haag/Rotterdam en tussen Zwolle en Eindhoven. Voor de Centraalspoorweg betekende dit vrijwel geen extra treinen. De IC '90 kwamen vooral te rijden op de tijden dat de treinen van en naar Leeuwarden en Groningen niet gekoppeld reden omdat deze treinen anders te lang zouden zijn. Wel nieuw was de stop van de meeste IC '90-treinen in Harderwijk. Bijzonder aan de intercity's tussen Zwolle en Eindhoven was dat de meeste treinen begin- en eindpunten hadden als Weert, Roermond, Maastricht, Horst-Sevenum, Groningen en Leeuwarden. Eén trein begon zelfs in Nunspeet. De treindiensten veranderden bij elke nieuwe dienstregeling en in 1996 werd besloten om de deze spitsdienst te veranderen in Eindhoven – Amsterdam. Op de Centraalspoorweg werd de oude situatie van voor 1991 hersteld.

Vanaf 1998 rijden de stoptreinen Zwolle – Utrecht tussen Amersfoort en Utrecht als sneltrein. Ter compensatie werd de stoptreindienst tussen Ede-Wageningen en Amersfoort doorgetrokken naar Utrecht.

Dienstregeling 2007
Met het invoeren van de nieuwe dienstregeling in 2007 werden in Nederland veel treindiensten gewijzigd. De opzet van de intercitydiensten op de Centraalspoorweg bleef echter grotendeels onveranderd, al reden steeds meer intercity's niet langer gekoppeld. Tussen Amersfoort Schothorst en Rotterdam Centraal rijdt sinds 2007 elk half uur een nieuwe intercitydienst. Belangrijkste reden om door te rijden naar Schothorst is de beperkte keermogelijkheid op het Amersfoortse hoofdstation. De stoptreinen Zwolle – Utrecht stoppen sinds 2007 weer op alle stations. Vanaf de nieuwe dienstregeling 2008 rijden de stoptreinen tussen Amersfoort en Amsterdam (en verder) van en naar Amersfoort Vathorst. Tussen Zwolle en Kampen rijdt ten slotte nog altijd elk halfuur een pendeltrein (het Kamperlijntje).

Dienstregeling 2013
Met het ingaan van de dienstregeling 2013 op 9 december 2012 werd de lijnvoering van de intercitytreinen naar Noord-Nederland aangepast. De intercitytreinen tussen Den Haag en Groningen/Leeuwarden rijden voortaan via de Hanzelijn, waarbij de route via Gouda en Utrecht vervangen wordt door een route via Leiden en Amsterdam. De intercity's uit Rotterdam blijven via Utrecht rijden. De beide treindiensten bieden een cross-platform-overstap op elkaar te Zwolle.

Huidige dienstregeling
In de dienstregeling 2023 wordt de Centraalspoorweg bediend door de volgende treindiensten:

Toekomst
De spoorlijn zal door het project Randstadspoor meer van regionaal belang worden. Hierdoor gaan er frequenter sprinters rijden tussen Utrecht, Amersfoort en Harderwijk.

Materieelinzet
In 1938 werd het het zogenaamde Middennet geëlektrificeerd en verschoof het moderne dieselelektrische stroomlijnmaterieel uit 1934 door naar de lange-afstandsverbindingen tussen de Randstad en het noorden en oosten van het land. De DE 3 treinstellen bleven ook na de elektrificatie van spoorlijn Utrecht – Amersfoort in 1942, de doorgaande treinen rijden. De treinstellen reden nog tot het begin van de jaren 50 de sneltreinen naar Leeuwarden, Groningen en Enschede. Tussen Utrecht en Amersfoort kwam dan ook het vooroorlogse Blokkendoosmaterieel en het elektrische stroomlijnmaterieel, Materieel 36 en Materieel '40, te rijden. In 1952 waren de belangrijkste trajecten naar het noorden en oosten van het land geëlektrificeerd en werden de laatste dieseltreinstellen vervangen door het Materieel '24 (tot 1955) en elektrische treinstellen. Het oudere materieel reed hierbij vooral de stoptreindiensten. De diensten naar Twente en het noorden van het land werden door de modernere treinstellen, Materieel '46 en later voornamelijk Materieel '54 gereden. Vooral in de beginperiode reden er ook getrokken treinen op het traject. Bij het gecombineerd rijden van een groot aantal treinen van en naar Groningen en Leeuwarden was de inzet van treinstellen echter het meest wenselijk.

Na Spoorslag '70
Met de invoering van het nieuwe intercitynetwerk in 1970 werd een aantal materieeltypen aangewezen om deze diensten te rijden. Het Materieel '54 ging vanaf dat jaar het grootste deel van de intercity's tussen de Randstad, Noord Nederland en Twente rijden. Het Materieel '64 reed vanaf 1970 de stoptreindiensten tussen Utrecht/Amsterdam en Zwolle.

Eind jaren 70 werd speciaal voor de intercitydiensten het nieuwe Intercitymaterieel ontwikkeld. De treinstellen werden voorzien van een zogenaamde doorloopkop, hierdoor werd het voor reizigers en personeel mogelijk om ook tijdens de rit van treinstel te wisselen. Dit was voor de intercitydiensten tussen de Randstad en het noorden en oosten van Nederland gewenst gezien vaak gedeeltes van de trajecten gekoppeld gereden werden. In 1983 werd begonnen met de seriebouw van de treinstellen en tussen 1984 en 1994 namen de Koplopers in etappes de NoordOost-verbindingen over van de oude hondenkoppen. In 1984 werden de meeste treinen tussen Amsterdam en Groningen/Leeuwarden overgenomen. Vanaf 1986 volgden de intercity's tussen Rotterdam/Den Haag en Enschede. Ten slotte verdwenen de laatste hondenkoppen in 1991 uit de intercitydiensten tussen Den Haag/Rotterdam en Groningen/Leeuwarden. Door de invoering van de IC '90 treinen datzelfde jaar, bleven de treinstellen nog enkele jaren op de Centraalspoorweg rijden. De extra treindiensten werden, behalve door het Materieel '54, ook door het ICM, Materieel '64 en met getrokken treinen met Intercity- en Plan W rijtuigen gereden. Later werd het nieuwe Dubbeldeksinterregiomaterieel in deze treindiensten ingezet.

In de zomer van 1996 verdwenen de IC'90 treinen van de Centraalspoorweg en kreeg het ICM weer vrijwel de alleenheerschappij in de intercitydiensten op het traject. In de stoptreindiensten verscheen halverwege de jaren 90 het Dubbeldeksaggloregiomaterieel of DD-AR. De stoptreindiensten werden in 2015 afwisselend door het nieuwere DDZ alsmede het niet gerenoveerde DD-AR materieel gereden. Af en toe duikt enkeldeksmateriaal op in de vorm van Materieel '64 of de SLT.

Galerij

Zie ook
 Spoorlijnen in Nederland

Spoorlijn in Nederland
Spoorweg in Utrecht (provincie)
Spoorweg in Gelderland
Spoorweg in Overijssel


The body of a young man is found in the pond at the Riverfront Dog Park. The murder is caught on camera, but there's confusion as to whom the victim is. Due to the poor lighting and and camera angle, the perp could be any of a number of suspects. Terry Drake who discovers the body soon learns she has connections to the victim(s) and families affected by the tragedy. She uses her wits, human and canine friends, and sheer determination to help solve this puzzling case. 6th in the Riverfront Dog Park Series.
This is an outrage! shouted Dr. Myrna Burns at the monthly board meeting of the Riverfront Dog Park. Do you know how many people have cancelled appointments at the clinic believing that all their pets need to do is sip the healing waters at the dog park and all will be well? We were all surprised to see the usually calm, poised and attractive veterinarian so agitated.
Shelly Blose, a representative for a major pet pharmaceutical firm, concurred. We're feeling the impact too. People aren't purchasing heartworm, flea and tick medicines and the like. They really believe that the drinking water at the park has miraculous powers.
I was convinced that they were overstating the case, but things in Greenbanks, PA haven't been the same since a few months back when a few folks claimed that their dogs had been cured after drinking from the pool of spring fed water. The park had been crowded with hopeful pet owners over the past few months. I was among the more skeptical citizens, not that I didn't believe in occasional miracles. I was enjoying the resurgence of the park. It had nearly had to close down after several mysterious murders had taken place there a year and a half ago.
One of my best friends, Bonnie, felt the need to contribute to the heated discussion. She'd been dating Shelly and took every opportunity to demonstrate that they were kindred spirits. What's worse is that I heard someone is actually selling the water from the pool like snake oil at the local flea market. They're touting it as an elixir for pets and humans alike!
That was the first I'd heard about that and wondered who'd be so foolish to buy or sell such an obvious rip off. My other best friend, Sean answered that one.
Yeah, I was out at the flea market last Sunday. A guy named Tim Fields had a table set up with bottles of water supposedly from the park. He's charging five bucks for two ounces. Of course he has a disclaimer on the label. Something like, 'there is no scientific proof that this has or will cure disease, and the buyer uses it at their own risk'. Do you think someone needs to speak to him? Maybe we should consult with an attorney.
Jeff Wells, the animal shelter director, said, Well I can recall shelling out money for a bottle of water when I visited the Fountain of Youth in St. Augustine. Most folks will tell me that I look more than my fifty years. Think I should sue?
This drew a laugh from the group, and no decision was made on the issue. We adjourned and refilled our mugs and plates. The meetings were held at 'Crafts and Joe,' the café and crafts store that I owned along with Bonnie and Sean. It was in a lovingly restored old train station near the picturesque Allegheny River. During the summer months, we featured an outdoor patio with umbrella tables where people and their pets loved to linger and watch bikers on the trail that followed the winding and gently flowing Allegheny River. The western Pennsylvania town, my pets, the business and my friends were my little slice of heaven.
Once everyone had left for home, Sean, Bonnie and I stayed to clean up. In a few hours we'd be reopening, and it had been a busy summer with lots of customers, craft workshops and seminars. I still think we need to do something about that guy hawking water from the dog park for profit. It just seems wrong whether or not the water has any healing powers, insisted Sean.
Bonnie nodded in agreement. I feel bad that people are avoiding taking their pets for proper medical treatment thinking that the water is some cure all. As board members, we bear some responsibility. Does anyone know this guy?
I share your concern, but isn't Tim Fields the guy who has served so many tours in Iraq and Afghanistan? We could come off looking like real bullies if we confront a decorated war veteran. I was trying to recall reading something about Tim. I remembered that his father owned a bar in town called 'Strawberry Fields'.


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Manchester Living
Manchester Museum awarded multi-million pound funding
Manchester Museum has been awarded a grant of £4,215,800 by the Heritage Lottery Fund for a major capital project. The funds will be used to develop and transform the museum by providing new exhibition space, the North's first South Asian gallery and an ambitious programme of activities.
The news follows the previous round of development funding awarded by Heritage Lottery Fund to Manchester Museum in 2016 to help the museum progress its initial plans.
Through 'The Courtyard project', Manchester Museum aims to become the UK's most imaginative, inclusive and caring museum building on its commitment to becoming an ever more powerful source of inspiration and learning. The museum expects hundreds of thousands of new visitors each year, including an additional 11,000 school children.
Oxford Road approach to Manchester Museum's proposed entrance, credit: Purcell UK
Work is due to start in august 2018, with the finished building reopening in late 2020 with:
A major new 451 m2 Temporary Exhibitions Gallery enabling the museum to become the North of England's leading venue for producing and hosting international-quality exhibitions on human cultures and the natural world.
The North of England's first large-scale gallery of South Asian history and culture, created in partnership with the British Museum, bringing together the very best of Manchester Museum's own South Asian collections and world-class sculpture, textiles and artefacts from the British Museum. It will be the UK's first permanent gallery to explore the stories, experiences and contributions of diaspora communities. At the heart of the gallery will be a unique performance space, dedicated to showing the very best live music, dance and performance from and inspired by South Asia. Plans for a permanent South Asia Gallery were boosted in 2017 through a major gift to Manchester Museum by Shalni and Simon Arora through the Savannah Wisdom Foundation.
A new Oxford Road-facing entrance, welcome area and shop, to create a more visible and welcoming first impression.
Underpinning the transformation, there will be a dynamic co-created participatory programme to imaginatively address some of the key issues of our time; climate change, ageing, migration and belonging.
Entrance Elevation of Manchester Museum's proposed entrance, credit: Purcell UK
News of the grant follows the announcement of £5 million towards the South Asia Gallery in November 2015 by the Treasury.
Development of Manchester Museum is expected to cost a total of £12.7 million.
Courtyard: View from Coupland Street of the Special and South Asian Galleries
Speaking about the award and transformation of Manchester Museum, Esme Ward, Director of the museum commented, "With new world-class spaces for extraordinary objects and stories, more volunteering opportunities and imaginative partnerships, Manchester Museum will reflect and explore the needs, interests and opportunities of the diverse communities we serve. The project will develop and transform the museum to bring more wonder and inspiration from around the world to the people of Greater Manchester and beyond."
Boost for Manchester Museum's new South Asia Gallery
Major donation moves plans for permanent South Asia gallery a step closer A major gift by Shalni and Simon Arora through…
Heritage Lottery Fund to support Manchester Museum plans
Manchester Museum is set to receive support from the Heritage Lottery Fund is its ambitious plans for renovating the University…
Heritage Lottery to fund Jewish Museum development
The Heritage Lottery Fund is set to fund a major development of Manchester Jewish Museum which will result in a…
Taggedmanchester museummuseummuseumsmuseums and art
What's coming up at Manchester Science and Industry Museum
Manchester Jewish Museum moving to Central Library as building work starts
Celebrate the centenary of the first non-stop Transatlantic flight
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Tablet computers are making significant inroads in the enterprise - and in a recent survey of over 150 executives, Research In Motion® explores which features are most important. The BlackBerry® PlayBookT tablet provides many features that make it ideal for the enterprise market, including a secure and manageable mobile computing platform. Find out what CIOs really think about its performance.


Niner athletes are known for customizing their Niner Bikes. Check out this unique RIP 9 RDO build.
Riding in the desert has a majestic feel every mountain biker should experience. The sunsets are beautiful and the skyline is constantly changing. St. George provides bucket list mountain biking with the gorgeous backdrop of snow-capped mountains.
In the quest to build the perfect indestructible singlespeed bike, Patrick Durkin looks to his past to build a better future with his AIR 9 RDO.


In Iopa v. Saltchuk-Young Brothers, No. 17-70415 (March 4, 2019), the court affirmed a decision of the Benefits Review Board, which in turn had affirmed Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Richard M. Clark's dismissal of counsel's attorney fee petition for being untimely. Judge Clark had awarded benefits under the Act to Iopa in a Decision and Order dated July 31, 2014. He directed counsel to file his fee petition within 21 days of service.
Almost a year later, on June 8, 2015, counsel filed a fee petition, but it was for work performed before the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP). Counsel filed a corrected fee petition on October 27, 2015. Judge Clark struck the first petition because he had no authority to consider work performed before OWCP, and struck the second petition as untimely.
Judge Clark found that the delay in filing was prejudicial to the Employer and Carrier, that the length of the delay was exceedingly long, and that the reason for the delay—counsel's busy workload, was not a valid consideration. Good faith of counsel was given no weight, as the other three factors outweighed. The Ninth Circuit found the weighing of the Pioneer factors was properly within the discretion of the ALJ and was not an abuse of his discretion.


text:
Takhatpur är en ort i Indien.   Den ligger i distriktet Bilāspur och delstaten Chhattisgarh, i den centrala delen av landet,  km sydost om huvudstaden New Delhi. Takhatpur ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Takhatpur är mycket platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km norr om Takhatpur. Runt Takhatpur är det tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Det finns inga andra samhällen i närheten. Omgivningarna runt Takhatpur är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet.

Klimatet i området är fuktigt och subtropiskt. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är maj, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juli, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är december, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Chhattisgarh


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Ten years changing and saving lives blacktowns women and childrens program
Ten years of changing and saving lives at Blacktown's Women And Children's Program
Thursday, 8 November, 2018
Blacktown, the Women and Children's Program revolves around six self-contained villas where mothers with severe mental health issues take recovery steps with their babies and children by their sides.
Most mothers in the program start by receiving 24/7 help, including clinical and therapeutic support, counselling and life-skills guidance. When mothers are well enough they can move into community housing and receive transitional outreach support. The goal is that they recover to the point where they can live independently.
The program is effective because it ensures that family units are kept together while struggling mum's recover, as opposed to mum's ending up in hospitals and institutions which can be isolating and stigmatising and worsen mental health experiences.
In the past ten years the Women and Children's Program has helped more than 400 mothers, with more than 60,000 hours of support provided. An overwhelming majority of mothers have been able to turn their lives around, which has obvious positive impacts on their babies and children.
"We offer mothers at their lowest ebb a sanctuary of support and hope," Women and Children's Program Manager Nicole Charles said.
"We help mothers who can't cope because of mental health issues and other exacerbating things such as homelessness, drug addiction and domestic violence.
"We take mothers by the hand and guide them through a recovery journey. We support mothers so they can strengthen their relationship with their children and live independently. When mothers rebuild their lives it usually ensures positive outcomes for their children."
One mother currently benefiting from the program is Taylah Griffiths, who lives with anxiety. Taylah and her son Ethan - now 17 months old - spent seven months at the Blacktown villa's before moving to local transitional accommodation in June.
"The Program has taught me so much about myself and other people," Taylah said.
"I was in such a dark place when I entered the Program. Through the support I've been given I've learnt so much, and life now has a whole new meaning. I can now appreciate the moment, myself and those around me. Most of all I'm in a position to make better decisions for my son."
Flourish Australia Managing Director Mark Orr said the social and cost benefits of the Program were considerable.
"The financial costs of putting mum's and their babies and children through the program are small compared to sending the mum's to hospitals," Mark said.
"That's before you've considered the social cost of breaking families up or seeing mum's fall even further through the cracks. It's important to keep the family together as far as practically possible when mums are working through mental health issues.
"It's a proud moment for Flourish Australia and the many families we've helped that this program has reached a ten-year milestone,"
The Flourish Australia Women and Children's Program cottages at Blacktown are also known as the 'Charmian Clift Cottages'. They were operated by a small independent organisation before being taken over by Flourish Australia in 2008. At that time support offerings were expanded considerably.
Flourish Australia is a not-for-profit organisation providing support programs, employment, accommodation and hope for more than 5,000 people with mental health issues in New South Wales and Queensland. Advocating community-based assistance, it is a leading mental health support provider that has been in operation for more than 60 years.
For media enquiries, contact Matthew Watson on 0417 691 884.
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A Gap Year refers to taking a year out before resuming your chosen career path, whether that will be in Higher Education, an Apprenticeship or Employment. It usually involves travelling, a work placement – or a combination of the two.
For an undergraduate in higher education, an Industrial Placement is typically one year out of a 4 year sandwich degree course working for a relevant employer.
experience – do you want to travel or get experience working for an employer?
breather – do you just need to 'catch your breath' before restarting your education?
financial – do you need to raise extra funds to support your higher education?
combination – do you need to raise funds to then travel for 6 months?
maturity – will you benefit from gaining some additional life skills before Uni or work?
experience – what are all the employers' offering?
location – do you want to live at home in your placement year?
salary – what will you get paid during the placement?
job prospects – how likely is it that the employer will fast-track you as a graduate?
There are plenty of websites listing overseas opportunities for 16-21 year olds if that is what you are looking for.
However, in keeping with the Careersnearhere.com criteria of being local to the area, this section will only focus on opportunities for gap year jobs and industrial placements in the Bristol and Bath (BS & BA) postcode areas.
Your Sixth Form, College or University careers staff could well have local opportunities sent to them so it's worth asking.
You could also check in the local (and national) newspaper and ask around your friends and family.
Researching online is another option and there are several specialist websites such as The Year in Industry.
Many of the major local employers also offer some kind of formal internship or placement which you should be able to find on their websites. But do also consider the smaller companies.
Why not also explore Careersnearhere.com as employers can advertise their local gap year jobs and industrial placements (for free) on the Experience noticeboards under the relevant industry / career sectors.
Volunteering/work experience opportunities and part-time jobs for 16-21 year olds are also advertised (for free) on the Experience noticeboards on Careersnearhere.com.
These opportunities can help you to fill your CV with recent and relevant experience to support your job applications and Interviews. Choose carefully to see if any could potentially also evolve into a year-long placement with the right employer.
To explore local gap year jobs and industrial placements advertised on Careersnearhere.com, select Work Experience at the top of the screen.
If you decide to 'cold call' a local business that isn't advertising a Gap Year job, remember to spend some time on your CV and Cover Letter.
Perhaps also search YouTube and the internet for relevant videos including those by some of the major employers.


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Q: Link existing Firebase and Google Cloud projects I am trying to migrate my Android app from GCM to FCM.
I use Google Cloud project for GCM and Firebase project for some Firebase features (Analytics, etc.) now.
Docs say that I need to import Google Cloud project to Firebase, but I already have Firebase project for my app.
As I understand, it is needed to provide GCM and FCM tokens compatibility.
So, how to link existing Firebase and Google Cloud projects?
If it is impossible, is it possible to send messages to old tokens using new FCM endpoints and which credentials (Google Cloud or Firebase) should be used for it?

A: All Firebase project are also Google Cloud projects.  You don't "link" them together - they are the same.  They have exactly the same configurations and service accounts.
When you imported Firebase into your existing Google Cloud project, what you did was add Firebase APIs to it.  Now you should be able to use Firebase services with your same project.  It sounds like you should just start using Firebase in your project as you would normally.
The GCM and FCM backends are essentially identical, except for the endpoint that you use to send messages.  So, try sending messages to the new endpoint.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home - Celebrities - Cher
Cher: more books (100)
Fly, Cher Ami, Fly!: The Pigeon Who Saved the Lost Battalion by Robert Burleigh, 2008-09-01
Cher's Guide To...whatever (Clueless ): Cher's Guide To...whatever (Clueless) by H. B. Gilmour, 1995-10-01
Cher Doll & Her Celebrity Friends: With Fashions by Bob Mackie (Schiffer Book for Collectors) by Sandra Johnsie Bryan, 2003-08-30
Cher (Women of Achievement) by Connie Berman, 2001-06
Cher: A Biography by J. Randy Taraborrelli, 1986-11
Cher Forever Fit: The Lifetime Plan for Health, Fitness, and Beauty by Robert Haas, 1991-01-01
Cher: In Her Own Words (In Their Own Words) by Nigel Goodall, 1992-06
Totally Uninhibited: The Life and Wild Times of Cher by Lawrence J. Quirk, 1993-02
Cher: Singer and Actress (Reaching Your Goal) by Rita Petrucelli, 1989-03
The Cher Scrapbook by Mary Anne Cassata, 2002-11-01
My Aspartame Experiment: Report from a Private Citizen by Victoria Inness-Brown M.A., 2010-04-15
Public Art: Theory, Practice and Populism by Cher Krause Knight, 2008-05-06
Be My Baby: How I Survived Mascara, Miniskirts, and Madness, or My Life as a Fabulous Ronette by Ronnie Spector, Vince Waldron, 2004-06-01
FatherBirth: A Close Encounter of the Fourth Kind by John B. Franklin; Cher Martin Franklin, 2001-06
CHER LYRICS / SONGTEKSTEN / SONGTEXTE
I GOT YOU BABE. cher They say we're young and we don't know got you babe I got you babe. cher They say our love won't pay the rent
http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/morrison/794/cher.html
I even practiced signing my autograph! cher in 1976. She was watching The Sonny and cher Comedy Hour and she wanted to let cher out to come play with her!
http://www.tvparty.com/cher.html
Extractions: by Billy Ingram When she was four years old, my friend Kirsten threw a brick through her family's television screen. She was watching The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour and she wanted to let Cher out to come play with her! That was one of the obstacles facing the producers of the new Cher show in 1975 - here was a woman involved in an ugly public divorce (still a stigma in the Seventies), about to head a variety show (scheduled for 7:30 Sunday nights beginning February 16 on CBS) that would have a big appeal to kids. There was even a brisk selling Cher doll available at toy stores slated to be advertised on the 'Cher' show.
Bienvenue Sur Le Site De L'Urssaf De Loir-et-Cher
Information pratiques et services, le si¨ge Blois et les antennes Romorantin et Vend´me de l'Union de recouvrement de s©curit© sociale et d'allocations familiales.
http://www.blois.urssaf.fr/
Les Archives Départementales Du Cher
cher ; une mission a par ailleurs été mise en place en 2000 pour l étude
http://www.cg18.fr/cg/missions/culture/archives/archives.htm
Club Cubase - Bädda För Mix
Club Cubase detaljstuderar l¥ten Believe.
http://www.clubcubase.net/mix/beleive.htm
IMusic Contemporary Showcase - Cher On The ARTISTdirect Network
cher Feature on iMusic. Includes photos, audio clips, bio, album info, and bulletin board. But if you think you know where cher is coming from musically, think again at the center of a flourishing career, cher could be said to have nothing left to
http://imusic.com/showcase/contemporary/cher.html
Extractions: An icon? Certainly. One of the most distinctive voices in rock 'n' roll? Inarguably. But if you think you know where Cher is coming from musically, think again. It's A Man's World, the stunning new album from the multi-million-selling, multi-talented superstar, dramatically signals her intention to break free of past stereotyping. An artist whose wide emotional range and instinctive feel for the best in contemporary music has always been at the center of a flourishing career, Cher could be said to have nothing left to prove. But It's A Man's World finds her serving up a whole new side of her multi-faceted talent with material that is inspired, exciting and frequently surprising. It's more, much more than the Cher we think we know. Sam Ward took production honors on the album's first single and video "One By One" (already a club hit via a Junior Vasquez import remix). A CD-5 and 12-inch maxi-single will be available with a a non-album track, "I Wouldn't Treat A Dog (The Way You Treated Me)" and several versions of "One By One," including one featuring legendary rap artist Melle Mel.
Sonny And Cher Ultimate Collection
Hours of exclusive extras like cher s commentary, network promos, music videos, karaoke, and more - make this first time ever available collection even more
http://www.tvdepot.com/sonnyandcher/home.jsp
Cher's Official Online Store
An online store at the official cher page.
http://cherdirect.com
CHER Home Page
The Center for Health Education and Research (cher) is a diverse, multidisciplinary team devoted to enhancing health and quality of life for individuals and communities through education, training
http://depts.washington.edu/cherweb
Sonny And Cher Impersonators
Billy and Betty perform professionally as Sonny and cher throughout the U.S.
http://members.aol.com/fabettina/G.index.html
Extractions: /*********************************************** * Encrypt Email script- Please keep notice intact. * Tool URL: http://www.dynamicdrive.com/emailriddler/ * **********************************************/ var emailarray4015= new Array(99,104,101,114,105,102,102,105,99,64,97,111,108,46,99,111,109) var postemail4015='' for (i=0;iPurple Glitter
RollingStone.com - Cher Main
Celebrity pop singer cher was born cherilyn Lapierre on May 20, 1946 in El Centro, Calif. Advanced Search. Welcome LOGIN. cher, cher rollingstone.com/cher
http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/default.asp?oid=2655
Comité Départemental Du Tourisme De Loir-et-Cher - Chambord Au Coeur Du Val De
Translate this page Comité Départemental du Tourisme du Loir-et-cher - Chambord au coeur du val de loire - Tourisme culturel,tourisme actif,tourisme Gastronomique préparez
http://www.chambordcountry.com/
Extractions: L'Unesco a inscrit le Val de Loire au patrimoine mondial de l'humanité, au titre de paysage culturel. Vingt-six communes du Loir-et-Cher sont concernées par ce classement. Le domaine de Chambord, déjà inscrit depuis 1981, est naturellement intégré au tracé. Autrefois béni des rois qui l'ont choisi pour édifier les plus beaux châteaux de la Loire, le Loir-et-Cher profite aujourd'hui encore d'un cadre privilégié, à deux pas de Paris. Bienvenue pour un séjour placé sous le signe de la nature, des loisirs et de la gastronomie. site
CHER'S RESOURCES FOR THE JOURNEYING SOUL
Aromatherapist's personal webpage on aromatherapy, astrology, personal growth, selfhelp authors. With spiritual quotes and a numerology life path freebie.
http://www.angelfire.com/80s/spirituality/index.html
Extractions: var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" CHER'S RESOURCES FOR THE JOURNEYING SOUL Hi! My name is Cheryl and welcome to my home on the net. I have a B.A. in psychology and I am also a certified aromatherapist and member of the International Federation of Holistic Therapists. I have many interests like spirituality, 80s music, books, gardening, candles, anything that smells divine, baths, alternative medicine, nature, hippie clothes and people. Gandhi( Gandhi Virtual Ashram ) is my hero...I believe he was a great soul. Oprah( Oprah.com Books in the News: Oprah's Selections Aromatherapy is basically a healing art that uses the essential oils derived from plants, flowers, bark, roots and some fruit rinds. These oils can be applied topically through massage or used in inhalation preparations. These scents are believed to effect the emotions. Aromatherapy can be traced back as far as 3000 B.C. in China and Egypt. The Egyptians used to embalm dead bodies in essential oils to preserve them. In China, The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine was written by Huang Ti. Myrrh was used by warriors on the battlefields long ago to dress wounds. Myrrh is also excellent for treating stress and stress-related conditions. It is known that the essential oils, such as Frankincense, were burned and sprayed in the vicinities where physicians and caregivers were tending to those with the plague. Frankincense and Myrrh were the first essential oils to be used as incense.
Cher's Specialty - Custom Gifts
Sublimating photographs, logos, or personal art onto mouse pads, mugs, ceramic tiles, jewelry boxes, and clocks.
http://www.chersspecialtygifts.com/
Extractions: Anniversary Gifts - Appreciation Gifts - Apology Gifts- Bereavement Gifts- Birthday Gifts - Congratulation Gifts - Father's Day Gifts - Fund Raiser Gifts - Get Well Gifts - Golf Gifts - Graduation Gifts - Holiday Gifts - Just Because Gifts - Mitzvah Gifts - Mother's Day Gifts - New Baby Gifts - New Home Gifts - Party Favors - Opps Gifts - Retirement Gifts - Romantic Gifts - Sympathy Gifts - Thank You Gifts - Valentines Gifts - Wedding Favors Apology Gifts - Birthday Gifts - Business Gifts - Corporate Gifts - Customer Gifts - Congratulations Gifts - Employee Appreciations Gifts - Event Gift - Fund Raiser Gifts - Get Well Gifts - Golf Gifts - Grand Opening Gifts - Holiday Gifts - Marketing Gifts - Party Favors - Opps Gifts - Political Campaign Gifts - Promotional Gifts - Retirement Gifts - Sales Incentives - Secretary's Day Gifts - Sympathy Gifts - Thank You Gifts - Trade Show Gifts - Welcome Gifts
Just Plain Cher - Cher Music, Photos, Movies, Pictures, Videos
Massive cher site including, music, hundreds of photos, reviews, wallpapers, audio and video downloads, latest news and chart info, forums, chat, fun stuff and
http://www.justplaincher.net/
Cher's Place
Personal information, pictures, tips on snowboarding and links.
http://www.angelfire.com/rant/sboardcher/
Extractions: Don't forget the others... Winter is here and you know what that means! That's right! cHeR's Snowboarding Page is better than ever with a bazillion new bOaRdInG Links, lessons, pics and places to ride. Welcome to mY pLaCe! cHeR's Place is a fun-filled place to visit, with just a dash of insanity. Have a look around for some hearty laughs.
Skip .
http://www.cher.co.jp/
Société Protectrice Des Animaux Du Cher
Refuge pour animaux abandonn©s. T©l©chargement de photos d'animaux adopter, revue de presse, liste d'actions men©es, bulletin d'adh©sion.
http://www.spacher.org/
CHER Consortium Of Higher Education Researchers
http://www.uni-kassel.de/wz1/CHER/Welcome.html
VH1.com : Cher : Artist Main
VH1.com presents complete artist information on cher, including news, bio, message boards, song clips and more. Artist Main cher. Biography. Video.
http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/cher/artist.jhtml