South of Indonesia is East Timor, also known as the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Covering an area of 14,900 square kilometers, the country has a population of about 780,000 of more than 10 nationalities, of which 78% are the indigenous people of East Timor, Indonesian, 2%, and 2% are Chinese. Residents are Roman Catholic. The language is Tetum. The common currency is U.S. dollars (East Timor does not issue a national currency). The capital is Dili (Dili).
The flag has a purple background. On the left side, a black isosceles triangle and a yellow equilateral triangle overlap. The black isosceles triangle has a white five-pointed star, whichr symbolizes the pacemaker.
In the early 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese and Dutch colonialists invaded the island of Timor five times. The Portuguese and Dutch signed a treaty in 1859, so East Timor and the provisions of the European She Seogui Portugal became part of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Japan occupied East Timor in 1942. Afte "World War II" and the restoration of Portugal's colonial rule in East Timor, the Portuguese listed it as "overseas provinces" in 1951. In 1960, The Fifteenth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution No. 1542, declared the island of East Timor and its subsidiary to be "non-Self-Governing Territories." This was the scope of decolonization. In 1974, the new Portuguese government allowed autonomy for East Timor. In 1975, Indonesia took over East Timor. In October 1999, a referendum was held in East Timor. Indonesia recognized the results, allowing East Timor to separate from Indonesia. On May 20, 2002, the Democratic Republic of East Timor declared its independence.
East Timor is still a relatively backward natural economy, dominated by agriculture, but the food production is insufficient. The main agricultural products are corn, rice, and potatoes. The main cash crops are coffee, rubber, and coconut. East Timor is rich in minerals; deposits of gold, manganese, chromium, tin, and copper have been discovered. East Timor has rich reserves of oil and natural gas. Oil reserves are estimated at 10 million tons.


Planned for more than 16 years and derailed by budget crises and politics, the state's $60 million Public Safety Education and Training Center is nearing completion and should be operational within two months.
"Moses comes to mind," said Patrick L. Bradley, acting director of the state's police and correctional training commissions. "It took from 1988 to today to get to the promised land."
That land is a 23-acre site along Route 32 in Sykesville, where a 125,000-square-foot complex that blends history and technology was created from vacated patient wards at the state's Springfield Hospital Center.
"We kept the existing design and worked for historic preservation," said Raymond A. Franklin, assistant director of the state's police and correctional training commissions. "We have done a good job protecting these buildings and adding the best available technology needed today. We have created training for virtually every public safety job in Maryland."
The academic center - the third and final phase of the construction project - houses classrooms, labs, a library, television and recording studios, and dorms. During the first two phases, the state built a firing range and a driving course.
Law enforcement officers from across the state - as many as 550 a day - will train in various aspects of police work, some for six weeks and some for a few days. The center will employ as many as 150 people.
Starting in July, state police recruits will undergo a rigorous six-month course in academics, physical challenges and hands-on training that leads to a career with the agency. The state's 15,000 certified police officers and 12,000 correctional officers will train in the latest aspects of forensic science, bioterrorism and crime prevention.
"This is training and development to meet the changing environment," Bradley said. "The idea is: What is the threat on the horizon, and how do we address it? Our focus is to identify the emerging issues in public safety, come up with a comprehensive response mechanism and then roll out the curriculum."
Police and correctional divisions across the state can enroll in any of the curriculum and technology courses the center offers, and classes will be available online.
"The center will provide direct delivery, and there will be a ripple effect throughout the state," Bradley said. "This center is a law enforcement tool. It is where we will take people who want to be police officers and make them most effective."
The bulk of the construction money came from $5 fines assessed in District Court cases since 1987 - mainly on traffic tickets.
"If you got a speeding ticket, you helped pay for this," Franklin said.


There are a number of advantages a used Ford car can provide you. Why most patrons are drawn to purchasing Ford vehicles is due to its interesting exterior design. Its smooth exterior definitely provides up to this vehicle `s total quality.
Not solely that, Together with its affordability is its ability to last for several years. Gas effectivity is one advantage used Ford automobiles can supply you. As for the fuel consumption, patrons haven`t got to worry as Ford cars are gasoline efficient in nature. They had been manufactured in such means that they will not rip you off with an excessive amount of gas consumption.
The benefit of sustaining one other Ford automotive is its affordability. As in comparison with different manufacturers , Ford automobiles are more reasonable. Their prices are within all people `s means and could be thought of an economical investment.
And the last is the convenience of getting it from any dealer. Most of those used vehicles are made out there in car shops , on-line sellers and Ford direct markets.


text:
Apple's AirPods ad 'Bounce' takes Best in Show at ADC Awards
- May. 22nd 2020 11:40 am PT
Apple has earned the award for Best in Show at the 99th ADC Awards for its playful and fun AirPods ad, "Bounce." Apple also took home the award for Client of the Year and its partner TBWA\Media Arts Lab won Best Ad Agency of the Year.
The One Club for Creativity who puts on the annual ADC awards shared the news in a press release and on its website today. The ADC Awards "celebrate the very best in advertising, digital media, graphic and publication design, packaging and product design, motion, experiential and spatial design, photography, illustration and fashion design all with a focus on artistry and craftsmanship."
Released last June, Apple's "Bounce" ad for AirPods with wireless charging follows a person starting out what looks like an uneventful day before having a surreal adventure jumping around a city. The ad is definitely has a fun, energizing vibe and uses the track "I Learnt Some Jazz Today" by the artist Tessellated. It's racked up over 27 million views over the last year.
One Club CEO, Kevin Swanepoel applauded Apple and TBWA/Media Arts Lab for the ads "filmmaking craft and innovation."
'Bounce' is an amazing example of innovative creative work," said Kevin Swanepoel, CEO of The One Club for Creativity. "It's the epitome of excellence in filmmaking craft and innovation, which is the basis for how these awards are judged, and well-deserving of the Black Cube honor for Best of Show as the world's best creative work of the past year."
Apple has had a number of catchy ads over the years as its multiple models of AirPods/AirPods Pro just keep becoming more and more popular.
Check out the AirPods-fueled city adventure below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyNtm0LZiKc
AirPods offers a cord-free wireless audio experience with up to 5 hours of battery life. They are rechargeable through the included case that get you up to 24 hours on a single charge. AirPods 2 and AirPods Pro support wireless (Qi) charging, Hey Siri, and include the H1 chip.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Roy Orbison talks about Elvis Presley and 'Only The Lonely'
By: Elvis Australia
Source: www.elvis.com.au
Elvis Interviews, Elvis Articles, Video and Audio
Roy Orbison talks about Elvis Presley and 'Only The Lonely' (10:28)
Listen as Roy Orbison talks with Glen A. Baker about Elvis Presley and 'Only The Lonely' (1980 interview).
Latest Video Updates
Roy Orbison and Elvis Presley
Elvis held Roy Orbison is very high regard, publicly stating that Roy had ' most perfect voice' and referring to him as the 'greatest singer in the world' during one of his Vegas concerts.
And Roy's respect was mutual, he went to Elvis' concerts from 1954 to 1976.
Roy was the only artist to open for both The Beatles and Elvis Presley.
Elvis never recorded one of Roy Orbison's songs, a clear mark of respect in that he did not believe he could better him. The closest he came was one line of 'Running Scared' while recording 'Tomorrow Never Comes' for his classic Elvis Country LP in June 1970. Although legend has it that Roy turned up at the gates to Graceland with a song he has written for Elvis, 'Only The Lonely', however Elvis was not home and Roy went on to record the song which was his first smash hit. In 1979 Roy recorded a tribute song to Elvis, 'Hound Dog Man'.
Elvis' one-liner of 'Running Scared' can be found on the Essential '70s masters 5 CD Box Set.
Roy Orbison saw Elvis for the first time in Odesa, Texas: 'His energy was incredible, his instinct was just amazing . . . I just didn't know what to make of it. There was just no reference point in the culture to compare it'. Roy Orbison's historical impact on rock 'n' roll is undeniable, supplying haunting classics and inspiring artists like Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan. But had it not been for a 1955 concert at a high school, Orbison's superstar career may have never happened. When historians and musicologists discuss the history of rock 'n' roll, it is impossible to ignore the impact of Roy Orbison. Orbison is remembered for haunting classics like 'Pretty Woman', 'Only the Lonely', 'Blue Bayou', and 'Crying'. Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen and Tom Petty are among the icons who credit Orbison as a vital talisman for their musical journey.
On June 1, 1956 Elvis made a surprise visit to the Overton Park Shell in Memphis where old friends Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins and new Sun artists Roy Orbison and Warren Smith are performing.
Elvis and Carl Perkins swap autographs Overton Park Shell : June 1, 1956.
The throbbing undertones of U2, the falsetto of Led Zeppelin's Robert Plant and the Bee Gees' Barry Gibb and the melodrama of Queen were all inspired by Orbison's musical stylings. However, had it not been for a 1955 concert at Midland High School, it is entirely possible Orbison's superstar career might never have happened.
The Oct. 12 package show starred Elvis Presley and featured Johnny Cash, Wanda Jackson, Floyd Cramer, Porter Wagoner, Bobby Lord, Jimmy C. Newman and Jimmy Day. Several in attendance also remember Billy Walker performing, but his name isn't found on any surviving newspaper ads, contracts or promotional materials. Jane Carrens, a student at Midland High at the time, who later became principal there, said it is amazing to look back and think how accommodating the school administration was for such events.
In fact, classes were often called off when a big name act was scheduled to appear in the evening, so that students could attend a free preview in the school auditorium. 'It was crazy to see how the girls reacted to Elvis', Carrens said. 'These were friends of mine and they just went crazy when he came on stage'.
At the time, Presley had hits with 'Blue Moon of Kentucky', 'I Forgot to Remember to Forget', and 'Mystery Train.' Cash had charted with 'Hey Porter' and 'Cry Cry Cry', and just released 'Folsom Prison Blues'.
Stanley Oberst, author of 'Elvis in Texas', said, 'Elvis had been on tour with some stars from the Louisiana Hayride and then broke off to join the group that went to Midland'.
Oberst has collected thousands of photographs, documents, interviews and ledgers regarding Presley's concerts across the Lone Star State. He said, 'For a concert like this one, the lesser acts were only doing about three numbers. Cash would have been next to last and then Elvis. You didn't want to go on after Elvis because everybody would just get up and leave to try and get a look at him when he left the auditorium'.
One of those who wanted to meet Presley was Orbison. He had attended earlier Elvis shows in Midland and Odessa, as well as concerts in Lubbock and Dallas. His goal was to talk to Presley and find out how he had gone from local singer to 'The Hillbilly Cat' in less than a year. The afternoon of the Midland High concert, following the free preview, Orbison got his opportunity, in the form of Johnny Cash.
Born April 23, 1936, in Vernon, Texas, Orbison moved with his family to Wink, Texas, when his father took a job in the oil patch. Drawn to music, Orbison started a country band known as the Wink Westerners. In addition to playing area dances, Orbison and the Westerners were regularly featured on Television stations KMID and KOSA and Kermit's KERB radio during live music programs. He formed the Teen Kings, who were regularly featured at local dances and talent shows. Wanting more from his career than the chance to compete for ponies or dinner for four for a band of five, Orbison began seeking all the media attention he could garnish. Ronnie Slaughter of Ronnie and the Regals, another mid-1950's rockabilly band, said, 'We all had day jobs. So did the rest of the Teen Kings. But Roy's parents really helped him out. So he got to go around all week promoting the band and seeking concerts and dances'. One of the performances he arranged was a Wednesday afternoon appearance on KMID. Also scheduled to appear on the show was up-and-coming superstar Johnny Cash. Cecil Holifield Jr., a student at MHS, whose father owned the Record Shop stores in Midland and Odessa, said his dad not only promoted the Presley and Cash concert, but also arranged for various stars to appear on TV and radio in Midland/Odessa. In addition, 'Pop' Holifield Sr., was also an advisor to Orbison about his would-be career. There is only circumstantial evidence, but it is strong that Holifield asked Cash to appear on KMID because he knew that Orbison would also be performing.
Whether the meeting was orchestrated or an accident, the result was the same. In spite of Orbison's thick glasses and rather bookish appearance, Cash was dazzled by his abilities as a singer and guitarist.
He invited Orbison to the Midland High concert with a promise that he could finally meet Elvis. Apparently, Cash also wanted Presley's opinion about Orbison's chances as a recording artist on Sam Phillips' Sun label.
Oberst said, 'By this time nobody was getting backstage unless they were let backed by someone like Cash. There were just too many girls wanting a piece of Elvis. There were also a lot of jealous boyfriends that they didn't want back there'. After talking with Orbison, Presley and Cash both agreed that the Wink native had the makings to be a musical success. Oberst noted there 'probably wasn't a lot of conversation' because all three men were very shy and soft spoken. Holifield Jr. said it was likely Cash and Presley explained to Orbison that making one's musical mark came with a heavy price tag of travel and uncertain finances.
'They might only make $30 a night and then they had to pay for their food, hotel and expenses', Holifield Jr. explained. Ronnie Slaughter of Ronnie and the Regals said the timing of Cash and Presley's advice to Orbison couldn't have been better. 'The other guys in the Teen Kings were pretty upset because Roy would tell the person where they did a dance to give him the money. Then he would pay the band', Slaughter said. 'He felt he deserved more because he set everything up. They thought the money ought to be split evenly'.
'Then (after meeting Cash and Presley), Roy wanted to go off to Memphis to Sun Records, but those guys all had day jobs. They were about ready to fire him and get another singer', Slaughter recalled.
Video : Coming Home (Roy Orbison / Class of '55) (04:25)
Latest Audio (and video) updates : Video courtesy of Elvis Presley Video Central.
Without the help of 'Pop' Holifield, even Johnny Cash and Elvis Presley couldn't get Orbison a contract. Rick Koster, in the book Texas Music, noted that when Orbison called, Sam Phillips made it clear that no one, not even Johnny Cash, was going to dictate who did and did not get an audition on his record label.
Oberst added, 'After what had happened to the careers of Elvis and Cash, artists were coming to Sam Phillips in droves. Harold Jenkins, who later changed his name to Conway Twitty, was rejected by Sam Phillips'.
However, 'Pop' Holifield was a regular contributor to Billboard magazine. He offered to call Phillips for Orbison, promising the Sun Records chief he would never regret auditioning Orbison.
Adding Holfield's endorsement to that of Presley and Cash was enough to sway Phillips. By May of 1956 Orbison had his first hits on the Sun label, the back-to-back singles 'Ooby Dooby' and 'Go Go Go'.
Orbison also quickly signed a music publishing deal with Acuff Rose in Nashville, thinking he might have a better chance as a songwriter than a performer. Don Samples was a Midland High student who saw the Oct. 12 concert with Presley, Cash, Wanda Jackson and the others. Samples also attended Odessa College when Orbison returned to the Permian Basin to celebrate his early success. 'Roy came back in a Cadillac convertible and drove around Odessa College waving at the girls', Samples said. 'They just flocked to him'.
https://www.elvis.com.au/presley/roy-orbison-talks-about-elvis-presley-and-only-the-lonely.shtml


This web site is a trading style of Celsius Air Conditioning Ltd, 1 Well Street, Heywood, Lancs, OL101NT.
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All prices products and specifications are subject to change without notice. Reasonable efforts have been made to compile the product listing as completely and accurately as possible, but there maybe typographical mistakes or errors in content. The company does not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained on this website.
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The warranty will be void if the customer has incorrectly installed the supplied goods.
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2018 Cadillac XTS SEDAN AWD LUXURY PAYEZ 61070$ POUR UNE NEUVE !


text:
Seven more Vietnamese officers join UN peacekeeping mission
Seven more Vietnamese military officers will join the United Nations peacekeeping missions in South Sudan and Central African Republic.
Vietnam pledges to continue joining UN peacekeeping operations
Vietnam joins UN Peacekeeping Operations
The Ministry of Defence handed over the State President's decisions related to the officers and assigned tasks to them at a function held in Hanoi on June 28th.
The officers are planned to leave Vietnam for South Sudan and Central African Republic in late June and early July.
Seven more Vietnamese officers join UN peacekeeping mission (Source: VNA)
Deputy Minister of Defence, Senior Lieutenant General Nguyen Chi Vinh, said it is an honour and a pride for Vietnamese officers to take on the peacekeeping mission.
He, however, reminded them that it is a tough task when the officers will work in the UN's multinational environment.
He said he hopes the officers will weather difficulties they would meet to successfully accomplish assigned tasks.
Vietnam first joined the UN peacekeeping missions in 2014 with the establishment of the Vietnam Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the Ministry of Defence and the dispatch of the first two officers to the UN Peacekeeping Mission in South Sudan.
After five years, Vietnam deployed 30 turns of officers to the UN's two peacekeeping missions in South Sudan and Central African Republic to work as liaison officers, military observers and staff officers.
The country deployed the first level-2 field hospital with the 63-member staff to South Sudan, and is preparing for the deployment of the second level-2 field hospital and a sapper company soon./.
TỪ KHÓA: UN peacekeeping
Vietnam wins three golds at 50th IPhO - (16:59 16/07/2019)
UNHRC adopts resolution on climate change and human rights - (16:13 14/07/2019)
Seminar in India talks East Sea issue - (15:54 14/07/2019)
Embassy joins celebration of late Lao leader's birthday - (15:08 14/07/2019)
Vietnam joins int'l maritime defence show in Russia - (15:04 14/07/2019)
Splendid Con Dao Archipelago - (11:45 14/07/2019)


I didn't get around to posting about my weigh in on Friday because we were traveling back home from my parent's in Illinois. But my weigh in was nothing to write home about. Actually, it was pretty horrific.
So I am taking action. I made an appointment with my therapist. I haven't been back since that first appointment. I ended up canceling two appointments and never rescheduled. I feel like I'm at a point now where I need help.
I know it has to be possible to conquer this. I know that my program works and that I see incredible results when I actually do it. And it's not even hard to do! I enjoy it. But I allow myself to eat "emotionally" and that destroys any hope of making progress.
If you've been reading for a while, you know that this has been an issue of mine since I was a child. I feel like this is the reason that I cannot lose weight and keep it off. I have never addressed the psychological side of why I eat and turn to food. So that's what I'm trying to do by going to therapy.
I look forward to going again. When I was going for postpartum depression, I made a lot of progress with myself in regard to personal development. It's really, really helpful and I highly recommend therapy.
Hubby and I completed a cleanse day from Friday-Saturday and then got off track again. So I am making a huge effort to get back to the basics today and remain strong. So far so good!
I am also going to get to the gym this week. It has been far too long! It seems like it has been one thing after another lately. Of course there were a few excuses in there too.
We have been sick so many times this year. It's unreal. Baby girl was sick most of last week and hubby has been home sick this morning. I haven't been feeling quite right either, but haven't really felt incredibly sick.
Spring has certainly sprung! My tulips are up. The weather has been warm, although it is supposed to be rainy this week. I hope to get outside more soon and go for walks with Little Miss Sunshine.


The core of our business comes from the timber we grow on our lands. It is in our best interest to practice sustainable forestry by not only replanting what we harvest, but also by taking the utmost care in maintaining the delicate ecological balance.
How does Island Timberlands take care of the environment?
As outlined by law, we are responsible in ensuring compliance with all provincial and federal acts and regulations. Third-party regulatory agencies oversee our work, performing regular audits and inspections to confirm we are consistently meeting our legal requirements. We collaborate with independent government organizations, including local, provincial and federal governments.
Our forest management activities conform with the standards as set out by our voluntary certifications. These internationally recognized standards are developed and enforced by external organizations, and develop parameters for protection of water, wildlife, and other environmental factors. Processes defined by these standards are audited annually by a third party to ensure we are compliant.
Our Timberlands Management System meets the International Standards Organization guidelines, and integrates regulation and certification expectations into our everyday practices, checklists, and standard operating procedures. We are intentional in our allowance of land access, practice keen management of riparian zones and ecosystems, and have a thorough understanding of all abiotic and biotic components of the land.
By partnering with other organizations, Island Timberlands is able to continuously build our knowledge base and improve our processes to minimize our impact on the environment. We collaborate with and contribute to organizations conducting research, trials, conservation and improvement initiatives. We also strive to educate others on our environmental practices, offering tours of our facilities to customers and educational institutions.
Island Timberlands is committed to the sustainable production of timber that meets our customers' needs. We are committed to achieving and maintaining sustainable forest management on our timberlands using the company's timberlands management system to manage operations including safety, environment, planning, road development, harvesting, transportation, log handling, maintenance, facilities, reforestation, and silviculture.


Narrative worlds are virtual environments that support enacting a given story, and they can be used e.g. for education, therapeutic or training purposes. This PhD project investigates how declarative and procedural modelling methods can (help) automate the generation of narrative worlds. These methods aim at giving non-technical users, like designers and authors, control over the narrative world generation process. A proof-of-concept system based on mixed-initiative methods will be developed, enabling authors to customise their own narrative world version for a given story. This system will combine new techniques with in-house algorithms and systems, e.g. procedural methods, constraint solvers, and graphical libraries. Among other tasks, the PhD candidate will investigate (1) how to capture object semantics from real world data, so that it can be used in creating and populating a plausible world layout (2) how the temporal dimension of a narrative can be used to steer procedural content generation methods, and (3) which interaction methods facilitate steering narrative world generation for the proposed target users.
You have a university MSc degree in computer science, human-computer interaction or a related area, with excellent grades. Experience with computer graphics and game technology is a plus. You have excellent programming skills in languages such as c#, C++ and Python and have a passion for game technology and (serious) gaming. You have excellent communication skills, and a good mastery of both spoken and written English. You have a creative mind and are an excellent player in a multi-disciplinary team (including human-computer interaction, computer graphics and serious gaming).
TU Delft offers an attractive benefits package, including a flexible work week, free high-speed Internet access from home (with a contract of two years or longer), and the option of assembling a customised compensation and benefits package (the 'IKA'). Salary and benefits are in accordance with the Collective Labour Agreement for Dutch Universities.
As a PhD candidate you will be enrolled in the TU Delft Graduate School. TU Delft Graduate School provides an inspiring research environment; an excellent team of supervisors, academic staff and a mentor; and a Doctoral Education Programme aimed at developing your transferable, discipline-related and research skills. Please visit www.phd.tudelft.nl for more information.
The Department of Intelligent Systems (INSY) conceptualises computer science methodologies to sense, abstract, learn, reason, elicit and adapt data and their meaning in ways that respect human values in order to increase human effectiveness, well-being and social innovation. The department's core activities are research and education in computer science theory, algorithms and solutions for useful information processing systems (e.g. robotics), new products (e.g. Internet services), and science.
The project will be mainly performed within the Computer Graphics and Visualisation Group, which has more than 30 years of experience in research in a wide range of topics in computer graphics, visualisation, game technology, augmented/virtual reality, and geometric modelling.


text:
"""
System commands
"""

import sys
import operator
import io
import time

import pkg_resources

import pmxbot.core
from pmxbot.core import command, Handler

@command("help", aliases=('h',), doc="Help (this command)")
def help(client, event, channel, nick, rest):
	rs = rest.strip()
	if rs:
		# give help for matching commands
		for handler in Handler._registry:
			if handler.name == rs.lower():
				yield '!%s: %s' % (handler.name, handler.doc)
				break
		else:
			yield "command not found"
		return

	# give help for all commands
	def mk_entries():
		handlers = (handler for handler in Handler._registry
			if type(handler) is pmxbot.core.CommandHandler)
		handlers = sorted(handlers, key=operator.attrgetter('name'))
		for handler in handlers:
			res = "!" + handler.name
			if handler.aliases:
				alias_names = (alias.name for alias in handler.aliases)
				res += " (%s)" % ', '.join(alias_names)
			yield res
	o = io.StringIO(u" ".join(mk_entries()))
	more = o.read(160)
	while more:
		yield more
		time.sleep(0.3)
		more = o.read(160)

@command("ctlaltdel", aliases=('controlaltdelete', 'controlaltdelete', 'cad',
	'restart', 'quit',),
	doc="Quits pmxbot. A supervisor should automatically restart it.")
def ctlaltdel(client, event, channel, nick, rest):
	if 'real' in rest.lower():
		sys.exit()
	return "Really?"

@command("logo",
	doc="The pmxbot logo in ascii art.  Fixed-width font recommended!")
def logo(client, event, channel, nick, rest):
	logo_txt = pkg_resources.resource_stream('pmxbot', 'asciilogo.txt')
	for line in logo_txt:
		yield line

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Берлинската криза, известна и като Втората берлинска криза започва на 27 ноември 1958 г. когато Съветският съюз, под ръководството на Никита Хрушчов, изпраща дипломатическа нота на трите западни страни – окупатори на Берлин: САЩ, Великобритания и Франция. В нотата бива оповестено, че Съветският съюз ще предаде контрола над пътищата, свързващи Западна Германия (ФРГ) със Западен Берлин на Германската демократична република (ГДР), ако в рамките на половин година не бъде постигнато споразумение сред Съюзниците за превръщане на Берлин в свободен град. Тази нота, която свързва темите за Берлин, Германия и разоръжаването, бива наричана "Ултиматум на Хрушчов" или "Берлински ултиматум".

Предистория
Основа за нотата е прекратяването на четиристранния статут за Берлин и цяла Германия от страна на Съветския съюз. Две седмици по-рано, на 10 ноември 1958 г., Хрушчов държи реч в Московския дворец на спорта "Лужники", в която се казва:

Нота и реакция на западните сили
В нотата съветското управление изисква превръщането на Западен Берлин в "самостоятелна политическа единица", т.нар. "свободен град", който трябва да бъде демилитаризиран. То настоява за изтегляне на войските на западните съюзници от Западен Берлин и по този начин формулира теорията за трите държави.

На 14 декември 1958 г. външните министри на трите западни сили (Франция, Великобритания и САЩ) и Федерална република Германия потвърждават на конференция в Париж решителността си да пазят правата си в Берлин. На 16 декември 1958 г. външните министри на страните от НАТО още веднъж обявяват принадлежността на Западен Берлин към зоната на защита на НАТО. Два дни по-късно и събранието на Западноевропейския съюз в Париж протестира срещу ултимативната заплаха на Съветския съюз относно Берлинския въпрос.

Управлението на ФРГ отхвърля в нота към Съветския съюз, издадена на 5 януари 1959 г., изграждането на "Свободен град Западен Берлин" и признаването на ГДР, както и конфедерация от двете германски държави. Вследствие на това Съветският съюз предлага на 10 януари предложение за мирен договор с Германия. Външният министър на ФРГ Хайнрих фон Брентано отхвърля веднага това предложение, в което 29-те страни-участнички във войната срещу Германия, ФРГ и ГДР биват призовани да свикат мирна конференция с немско участие.

От май до август 1959 г. външните министри на четирите сили се събират за "Конференция за Германия" в Женева. Делегации на Федерална република Германия и Германската демократична република вземат участие като наблюдатели. Американският президент Дуайт Айзенхауер назовава уважението на правата и задълженията на западните сили в Берлин като минимално условие за участието му в конференция на върха със Съветския съюз.

На 8 септември 1959 г. управляващият кмет на Берлин, Вили Бранд (СДП) назовава четири основни принципа на германската политика относно Берлин:
 Западен Берлин принадлежи към свободната част на Германия;
 Правото на самоопределение на берлинчани не бива да бъде ограничавано;
 Отговорност в и за Берлин на четирите сили; и
 Право на свободен достъп до Берлин.

Като военна реакция западните съюзници организират тайната организация Live Oak ("Жив дъб"), чиято задача е плануването на реакция в случай на препречване на транзитните пътища от съветска страна. Организацията съществува до 2 октомври 1990 г.

Нови искания
Съветският съюз прекратява изискванията си, тъй като истинската му цел – обединението на Берлин и последващото му присъединяване към ФРГ, бива разглеждано като неосъществимо. Тогава СССР заплашва да подпише с ГДР отделен мирен договор и да ѝ предаде държавния суверенитет, ако изискванията му не бъдат изпълнени в рамките на шест месеца, така че ГДР да получи контрола над всички пътища към Западен Берлин. Така се цели да се прекрати притокът на бежанци от Източна към Западна Германия през Западен Берлин. Освен това Съветският съюз заплашва с война, в която биха участвали всички държави от Варшавския пакт. Реакцията на трите западни сили и управляващия кмет Бранд е решителен отказ, така че ултиматумът изтича след половин година безуспешно.

При първата му среща с новия президент на САЩ Джон Кенеди на 3 и 4 юни 1961 г. във Виена, Хрушчов подновява Берлинския ултиматум. Кенеди контрира в реч, излъчена по радиото и телевизията на 25 юли 1961 г., с трите основни принципа (Three Essentials):
 Недосегаемото право на западните сили на присъствие в техните сектори от Западен Берлин;
 Правото на достъп на западните сили до някогашната имперска столица Берлин;
 Запазването на сигурността и правата на гражданите на Западен Берлин от западните окупаторски сили.

Трите основни принципа биват осигурени през юни 1972 г. с влизането в сила на Четиристранното споразумение за Берлин.

Следствия

Като следствие от опита на Германската единна социалистическа партия да ограничи правата на западните сили в Берлин, на 27 октомври 1961 г. съветски и американски танкове застават в бойна готовност едни срещу други на Чекпойнт Чарли. Днес се знае, че командирите на двете страни са имали заповедта да вкарат танковете си в употреба при необходимост. През ноември 1961 г. САЩ реагира на новата Берлинска криза с операция Stair Step ("Стъпка по стълби"). Двеста бойни самолета биват прехвърлени от Съединените щати през Канада и Азорските острови към Франция и се връщат обратно в САЩ едва през август 1962 г. Следва Кубинската криза и в Берлинската криза няма напредък относно решаването на противоположните позиции. До началото на септември 1963 г. има сериозни пречки за достъпа на западните съюзници до Берлин, но днес като край на Берлинската криза се посочва 1962 година.

Литература
 Matthias Uhl: Krieg um Berlin? Die sowjetische Militär- und Sicherheitspolitik in der zweiten Berlin-Krise 1958 bis 1962. München 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58542-1.
 Gerhard Wettig: Chruschtschows Berlin-Krise 1958 bis 1963. Drohpolitik und Mauerbau. München 2006, ISBN 3-486-57993-2 (Rezension).

История на Германия
История на ГДР
Западен Берлин
Външна политика на СССР
Външна политика на САЩ
Външна политика на Великобритания
Външна политика на Франция
криза

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Although 3D viewing at home has fallen out of favor with TV makers and many consumers, there is still a small-but-loyal fan base, with millions of sets in use around the world. The 3D viewing option is also still available on many video projectors, and, there is still a slow, but continuing flow of 3D movie titles available on Blu-ray Disc.
However, what all 3D TVs and video projectors have in common is that you need special glasses in order to view the 3D effect.
3D TVs and Video Projectors work by accepting an incoming 3D signal that is encoded by the content provider, which can be sent in several different ways.
The TV or projector has an internal decoder that can translate the type of 3D encoding used and displays the left and right eye information on the TV or projection screen in such a way that it appears to look like two overlapping images that look slightly out of focus.
One image is intended to be seen only by the left eye, while the other image is intended to only be seen by the right eye. In order to view this image properly, the viewer must wear glasses that are specially designed to receive the separate images and pass them properly to the left and right eye.
When received by the eyes, the image signals are sent to the brain. The brain then combines the two overlapping images into a single image, which appears to be in 3D.
Passive Polarized Glasses: These glasses look and wear much like sunglasses and require no additional power to work. They usually have enough front space to place over existing eyeglasses for those that need to. These type of glasses are inexpensive to manufacture and can range in price from $5 to $25 for each pair depending on the frame style (rigid vs flexible, plastic vs metal).
The glasses are inexpensive, about one third, to one-quarter the price of Active Shutter glasses.
No flickering. This means less discomfort and eye fatigue over long viewing periods.
The 3D image is one-half the resolution of a 2D image displayed on the same TV due to both left and right eye images being displayed at the same time.
The presence of horizontal lines on the screen and some jaggies artifacts on the edges of objects may be noticeable, mostly with text and straight line geometric shapes.
Active Shutter Glasses: These glasses are slightly bulkier than passive glasses, since they have batteries (some use watch batteries, others provide rechargeable batteries), on/off button, and a transmitter that syncs the rapidly moving shutters for each eye with the onscreen display rate. These type of glasses are also more expensive than passive polarized glasses, ranging in price from $50 to $150 depending on the manufacturer.
The 3D image resolution is the same as the 2D image displayed on the same TV as a result of left and right eye images being displayed sequentially, in synch with TV/projector's screen refresh rate and the opening/closing of the LCD shutters in the glasses.
Flickering due to rapid opening and closing of the LCD shutters may be detectable by some viewers, causing discomfort.
Sometimes bulkier than Passive Glasses.
Expensive, usually, two or three times the price of Passive Polarized Glasses.
In technical circles there has been a debate on which system actually delivers the best result for the consumer. Findings from TV and 3D viewing experts Joe Kane and and Dr. Raymond Soneira provide some insight.
The brand or model 3D TV/video projector you have determines which type of glasses you need to use.
When 3D TV was introduced, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Samsung, and Sharp took the Active Shutter glasses route for LCD, Plasma, and DLP televisions (both Plasma and DLP TVs have been discontinued), while LG and Vizio promoted Passive Glasses for 3D LCD TVs. Also, although Toshiba and Vizio mostly used passive glasses, some their LCD TVs did use Active Shutter Glasses. To make things even more confusing, Sony used mostly the Active system but offered some TVs that use Passive.
Due to the technology used to display images on Plasma TVs, they will only work Active Shutter glasses. However, both Active Shutter and Passive Glasses can be used with LCD and OLED TVs – the choice was up to the manufacturer.
Consumer based 3D-enabled video projectors require the use of Active Shutter 3D glasses. This allows the projector to be used with any type of screen or flat white wall.
Some manufacturers provided glasses with the set or projector or offered them as optional accessories. Although production of 3D TVs has ended, 3D glasses are still available, but prices vary. As mentioned previously, active shutter glasses are more expensive than passive polarized glasses.
Another factor to consider is that active shutter glasses used for one brand of TV or video projector, may not work with a 3D-TV or video projector from another brand. This means if you have a Samsung 3D-TV, your Samsung 3D glasses will not work with Panasonic's 3D-TVs. So, if you and your neighbors have different brand 3D-TVs, you will, in most cases, they will not be able to borrow each other's 3D glasses.
There are technologies that enable 3D viewing on a special type of TV or video display without glasses. These are referred to as "AutoStereoscopic Displays".
For more details on the how no-glasses 3D works and its availability, check out our companion article: Can I Watch 3D TV Without Glasses.


With this module installed, you'll be able to use unique SMTP servers for each Email Queue to send emails when you reply to a ticket. Thanks to such functionality, you can use multiple email accounts across different domains as well as different mail services, such as Gmail, Yahoo, etc, inside your Kayako.
- Delivery within 2-3 Days.


> >> just to empire build and make a profit.
> > and if those rules aren't followed they just don't support you.
> - no doubt with substantial backhanders to the LEA members.
country.  It's not just the support and "what's on the deskop/server"


text:
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The Tengu: Friend or Foe?
Posted on August 27, 2019 by J P Catton
Their red-faced masks with the phallic noses can be found everywhere in Japan, from souvenir shops to festival stalls to cheap izakaya pub-restaurants (one chain is even named after them) to packets of beef jerky. But who exactly are … the Tengu? And should we fear them – or respect them?
There are two distinct species of Tengu. The Ko-tengu or Karasu-tengu are bipedal in shape, with two arms, legs and a large pair of wings spouting from the shoulders, but have birdlike features, with two eyes above a vicious-looking beak, topped with a mane of feathers.
The Oo-tengu or Hanataka-tengu are the more humanoid species, possessing the familiar red face and long nose seen in the ever-popular masks. They wear clothing similar to Edo-period samurai and usually wear a small pillbox shape hat atop their heads. They also have wings sprouting from their shoulders, through holes in their tunics.
Both species of Tengu are highly civilized races, with their own traditions of poetry, conduct, and warfare. They are accomplished warriors, and have taught their form of swordsmanship to selected humans throughout history. They are also accomplished sorcerers, can cast a variety of magic spells, and can command winds and air currents through the ha-uchiwa (paper or feather fans) they carry.
It is believed that the Tengu originated in Chinese mythology (the name comes from the Chinese Tiangou, meaning 'dogs of heaven'). Their first mention is in the twenty-third chapter of the Nihon Shoki, and their first visual depiction appears in the Tenguzoshi Emaki picture scrolls, painted in 1296.
The Konjaku Monogatari, a collection of stories published during the late Heian Period (794 – 1185), describes the Tengu as having human origins; they are the ghosts of misguided Buddhist priests who became arrogant and uncaring. From this, we get the modern saying Tengu ni naru – to become a tengu, meaning to be boastful and arrogant. The saying is accompanied by the gesture of placing a closed fist on top of your nose, imitating the Tengu's distinctive feature.
ABOVE: The Karasu-Tengu (artist unknown).
The Shasekishu is a book of Buddhist parables from the Kamakura period (1192 – 1333) that states there are good and bad Tengu. The good are those who have redeeming features, despite their flaws of arrogance, and so have the roles of beneficial demons, serving to protect the truths of Buddhism and strike fear into the hearts of the wicked.
Haruko Wakabayashi, in "The Seven Scrolls Tengu", records that in the Heian period Tengu were widely associated with natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and epidemics. The priests of the Shingon Buddhist order reported an instance of their leader, Shinzei, transforming into a Tengu after his death and possessing the Empress Somedono. They could, however, be forces for good, depending on their motivation; there are tales of them manifesting as the Buddha himself, and one tale exists of Tengu curing a sick Emperor when death seemed inevitable.
Following the Kamakura period, however, there came a general shift of opinion away from this, and a tendency to regard Tengu not as demons, but as a separate warrior race that could exist side by side with humans. The main inspiration came from this came from the real-life figure of Minamoto no Yoshitsune (1159 – 1189) – and his education at the hands of Sojobo, King of the Tengu.
ABOVE: Yoshitsune and Sojobo, King of the Tengu. Painting by Yoshitoshi Tsukioka.
Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a general of the Minamoto clan of Japan in the late Heian period, a skillful warrior and swordsman who took part in the massive conflict between the Heike and Tiara clans. The legend states that he petitioned the Tengu for help, on a pilgrimage to a sacred mountain near Kyoto – and the Tengu granted his wish, teaching him swordsmanship as well as certain magical spells. Sojobo, the King of the Tengu himself, served as Yoshitsune's tutor. The Kanji of 'Sojobo' mean 'high Buddhist priest', and he was reported to have the strength of a hundred lesser Tengu.
Throughout Japan today, there are special offerings to appease Tengu and ask for their protection; Mino province has the kuhin-mochi rice cake, and other areas the fish called ozoke. Sacred mountains such as Mount Takao have many shrines dedicated to the Tengu as 'mountain guardians'.
But could they exist?
Could we ever live in a world where two species of winged humanoids were physical possibilities?
For the next passage, I am indebted to passages from James Kakalios's excellent book, "The Science of Superheroes", which helped me with the research.
Newton's third law says that for every action there must be a reaction. When birds flap their wings, they push air downward. That force of the wing against the air is matched by an upward force by the air on the wing. The greater the wingspan, the larger the volume of air displaced, and the greater the corresponding upward force.
Let's say an average Tengu weighs 68 kilos (150 pounds). In that case, his wings must provide a downward force of at least 150 pounds, to lift off from the ground and balance his weight and keep him above the ground. To accelerate, and to fly instead of only gliding, the wings must provide excess force.
So if a winged humanoid was able to fly, it must have adaptations similar to birds. One suggestion is for two extremely large chest muscles, the supercorocoiderus and pectoralis, that birds use for beating their wings, which is why they have so much breast meat. If the Tengu has a wingspan of 16 feet and weighs 150 pounds, it has a weight-to-wingspan ratio of 9 pounds per foot, and must provide lift using only chest and back muscles, making it an extremely muscle-bound character.
To reduce their weight, birds have a bone structure not exactly hollow, but a complex honeycomb which is extremely porous but still very tough and not fragile. In addition, birds have very efficient respiratory systems. When human beings breathe, we only exchange 10% of the oxygen in our lungs. Birds can exchange 50% in one breath. If the Tengu's breast muscles are keeping it aloft, it will need to rapidly refresh its air supply …
… Hence the characteristic long nose!
If we assume that it is theoretically possible for Tengu to exist, there are passages in the folktales that now take on added meaning. F. Hadland Davis, in Chapter 19 of "Myths and Legends of Japan", state that the Tengu have a mischievous sense of humor, and "mysteriously hide human beings, and when finally they (the humans) return to their homes they do so in a demented condition. This strange occurrence is known as Tengukakushi, or hidden by a Tengu".
One example of this is the Edo period (1603 – 1868) tale of the retainer Kiuchi Heizayemon. The story recounts how the man's family and friends went searching for him after he had failed to return from an errand, and found his wooden clogs, his sword (bent almost in double), and his girdle torn into three pieces. Later that night, the village was woken up by shouting from a nearby temple; the neighbors woke and found it was Heizayemon, half-naked and deranged, on the roof of the local temple. This was what he said to the villagers, according to Davis:
"… I was forced to seat myself on a round tray. In a moment I was whirled into the air, and the tray carried me with great speed to many regions. When it appeared to me that I had traveled through space for ten days, I prayed to the Lord Buddha, and found myself on what appeared to be the summit of a mountain, but in reality it was the roof of the temple whence you, my comrades, rescued me."
Doesn't this seem to be uncannily similar to the late 20th Century accounts of alien abductions, UFOS and flying saucers?
For more information and possible answers to that question, you can visit this amazing detailed PDF on mysterious abductions in Japanese folklore, written by Carmen Blacker, here.
https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/930
Also the popular, trendy neighborhood of Shimo-Kitazawa holds a Tengu festival every year in February, that coincides with the spring-welcoming ceremony of Setsebun. The parade starts at Shinryuji temple, not far from Shimokitazawa Station, where legend says the guardian deity Doryosatta became a Tengu to protect this temple. You can take a look at a video recording of it here.
The Tengu turn up in two releases from Excalibur Books, that can be found here … but are they companions … or deadly enemies?
"Simon Grey and the March of a Hundred Ghosts" – Simon Grey, Book 1
"Voice of the Sword" – Sword, Mirror, Jewel Book 1
If you find anything inaccurate in this article … please leave a comment below, and we'll fix it!
About J P Catton
Speculative storytelling and skewed fiction: the blog and website of author John Paul Catton.
View all posts by J P Catton →
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Like cats, rabbits spend a huge amount of time grooming. Keeping clean is very important to their health.
We can help our pets by grooming them regularly, and this is especially important when they are moulting. When rabbits groom themselves they swallow a lot of fur and if they swallow too much it can cause their gut to slow down, which can be dangerous. Unlike cats, rabbits cannot vomit, so it's important to remove as much loose fur as possible.
Ideally you should groom your rabbit every day. It'll help you and your rabbit become better acquainted and at the same time give you the chance to check your rabbit for any problems – more on that later.
There are several tools on the market, made for cats and dogs, that are specifically for removing fur build-up during moulting. These are not suitable for rabbits. Their skin is much more delicate than that of a cat or a dog and is very easily torn.
When rabbits are moulting the amount of fur they lose is significant. You can often see lines in their coat where dead fur has come out and the new coat is showing. The lines seem to travel along the rabbit's body, generally from head to tail.
Rubber brushes or pimple mitts are very useful during moulting. They are fairly gentle but will remove the build-up of loose fur quite effectively. The rubber is quite soft but it still needs to be used carefully.
Soft brushes are great for general grooming, and many rabbits will enjoy sessions where they are used. However, during a moult they need to be backed up with the use of something else.
Combs are especially useful for longer-haired rabbits or when short coated rabbits are moulting. They must be used carefully to avoid injury.
There is a page on this site devoted to nail clipping. Nail clippers may be a scissor design or guillotine. The scissor type will have a notched section for the nail to fit into. Please don't use ordinary scissors or human nail clippers as these can split the nails and really hurt your rabbit.
If your rabbit has any matted fur and you cannot gently brush the matt out, try untangling with your fingers, but be very careful not to tug on the fur as that can be very uncomfortable for your rabbit and may even cause injury to his skin. If this doesn't work, you may need to cut the matt out. Be very careful, especially if it's very close to the skin. If you are worried that it's so close to the skin that cutting it might cause injury, ask your vet to clip the fur instead, using a clipper head that is appropriate for a rabbit's fine fur.
Some people when grooming will hold their rabbit on its back so it goes perfectly still as if in a trance. This is in fact extremely cruel as the rabbit is, in fact, terrified and playing dead as part of its prey animal response to being caught by a predator. Never do this to your rabbits.
You can either hold your rabbit with it's backside supported as if it is sitting up to cut the nails or place it on a towel on a worktop and very gently pull the foot to the side to get to the nails.
your rabbit's body condition – not too fat nor too thin and with no lumps or bumps.
If you do find lumps or bumps, any suggestion of flystrike, injuries, discharge from nose, ears or eyes, book a visit to see a rabbit-savvy vet.
As a prey species, rabbits do not like to feel vulnerable, and a rabbit in water isn't a natural position for them to be in. Even just getting them wet is problematic. When wet rabbit hair clumps together, getting them completely dry is a very difficult task, and rabbits who are left damp are potentially prone to respiratory infections and hypothermia.


Young couple walking around city in winter.
A Boston Globe editorial hailed his "gallant calls for help'' the night of the shooting.
For smaller budgets, focus on just the table settings, stage or the color scheme to create your vision as it still works regardless of the scale.
Charles was taken to Boston City Hospital, where a surgical team worked for six hours to save his life.
The ultimate fall street style - tailored trousers, white shirt, knit jumper and sneakers.


text:
#include <iostream>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "TestHelpers.hpp"

#include "dart/dart.hpp"
#include "dart/utils/utils.hpp"

using namespace dart;
using namespace math;
using namespace dynamics;
using namespace simulation;
using namespace utils;

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, DataStructure)
{
  bool              valBool       = true;
  int               valInt        = -3;
  unsigned int      valUInt       = 1;
  float             valFloat      = -3.140f;
  double            valDouble     = 1.4576640;
  char              valChar       = 'd';
  Eigen::Vector2d   valVector2d   = Eigen::Vector2d::Random();
  Eigen::Vector3d   valVector3d   = Eigen::Vector3d::Random();
  Eigen::Vector3i   valVector3i   = Eigen::Vector3i::Random();
  Eigen::Vector6d   valVector6d   = Eigen::Vector6d::Random();
  Eigen::VectorXd   valVectorXd   = Eigen::VectorXd::Random(10);
  Eigen::Isometry3d valIsometry3d = Eigen::Isometry3d::Identity();

  std::string strBool       = toString(valBool);
  std::string strInt        = toString(valInt);
  std::string strUInt       = toString(valUInt);
  std::string strFloat      = toString(valFloat);
  std::string strDouble     = toString(valDouble);
  std::string strChar       = toString(valChar);
  std::string strVector2d   = toString(valVector2d);
  std::string strVector3d   = toString(valVector3d);
  std::string strVector3i   = toString(valVector3i);
  std::string strVector6d   = toString(valVector6d);
  std::string strVectorXd   = toString(valVectorXd);
  std::string strIsometry3d = toString(valIsometry3d);

  EXPECT_EQ(valBool,   toBool(strBool));
  EXPECT_EQ(valInt,    toInt(strInt));
  EXPECT_EQ(valUInt,   toUInt(strUInt));
  EXPECT_EQ(valFloat,  toFloat(strFloat));
  EXPECT_EQ(valDouble, toDouble(strDouble));
  EXPECT_EQ(valChar,   toChar(strChar));
  EXPECT_TRUE(equals(valVector2d, toVector2d(strVector2d)));
  EXPECT_TRUE(equals(valVector3d, toVector3d(strVector3d)));
  EXPECT_EQ(valVector3i, toVector3i(strVector3i));
  EXPECT_TRUE(equals(valVector6d, toVector6d(strVector6d)));
  EXPECT_TRUE(equals(valVectorXd, toVectorXd(strVectorXd)));
  EXPECT_TRUE(equals(valIsometry3d.matrix(),
                     toIsometry3d(strIsometry3d).matrix()));
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, EmptyWorld)
{
  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/empty.skel");

  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getTimeStep(), 0.001);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(0), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(1), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(2), -9.81);
  EXPECT_EQ((int)world->getNumSkeletons(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(world->getTime(), 0);
  world->step();
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getTime(), world->getTimeStep());
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, SinglePendulum)
{
  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
        DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/single_pendulum.skel");

  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getTimeStep(), 0.001);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(0), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(1), -9.81);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(2), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(world->getNumSkeletons()), 1);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("single_pendulum");

  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(skel1->getNumBodyNodes()), 1);

  world->step();
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, SerialChain)
{
  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
      DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/serial_chain_ball_joint.skel");

  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getTimeStep(), 0.001);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(0), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(1), -9.81);
  EXPECT_EQ(world->getGravity()(2), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(world->getNumSkeletons()), 1);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton 1");

  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(skel1->getNumBodyNodes()), 10);

  world->step();
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, VariousShapes)
{
  // Check if the parser can load various shapes without any problems and the
  // world can simulate it successfully.

  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
        DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/test_shapes.skel");

  for (auto i = 0u; i < 100; ++i)
    world->step();
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, RigidAndSoftBodies)
{
  using namespace dart;
  using namespace math;
  using namespace dynamics;
  using namespace simulation;
  using namespace utils;

  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
      DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/test_articulated_bodies.skel");
  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton 1");
  EXPECT_TRUE(skel1 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(skel1->getNumBodyNodes()), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(skel1->getNumRigidBodyNodes()), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(skel1->getNumSoftBodyNodes()), 1);

  SoftBodyNode* sbn = skel1->getSoftBodyNode(0);
  EXPECT_TRUE(static_cast<int>(sbn->getNumPointMasses()) > 0);

  world->step();
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, PlanarJoint)
{
  using namespace dart;
  using namespace math;
  using namespace dynamics;
  using namespace simulation;
  using namespace utils;

  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
      DART_DATA_PATH"skel/test/planar_joint.skel");
  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton1");
  EXPECT_TRUE(skel1 != nullptr);

  BodyNode* body1 = skel1->getBodyNode("link1");
  BodyNode* body2 = skel1->getBodyNode("link2");
  BodyNode* body3 = skel1->getBodyNode("link3");
  BodyNode* body4 = skel1->getBodyNode("link4");
  EXPECT_TRUE(body1 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(body2 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(body3 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(body4 != nullptr);

  PlanarJoint* planarJoint1
      = dynamic_cast<PlanarJoint*>(body1->getParentJoint());
  PlanarJoint* planarJoint2
      = dynamic_cast<PlanarJoint*>(body2->getParentJoint());
  PlanarJoint* planarJoint3
      = dynamic_cast<PlanarJoint*>(body3->getParentJoint());
  PlanarJoint* planarJoint4
      = dynamic_cast<PlanarJoint*>(body4->getParentJoint());
  EXPECT_TRUE(planarJoint1 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(planarJoint2 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(planarJoint3 != nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(planarJoint4 != nullptr);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPlaneType(), PlanarJoint::PlaneType::XY);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPlaneType(), PlanarJoint::PlaneType::YZ);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPlaneType(), PlanarJoint::PlaneType::ZX);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPlaneType(), PlanarJoint::PlaneType::ARBITRARY);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getTranslationalAxis1(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitX());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getTranslationalAxis1(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitY());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getTranslationalAxis1(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitZ());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getTranslationalAxis1(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitX());

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getTranslationalAxis2(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitY());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getTranslationalAxis2(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitZ());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getTranslationalAxis2(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitX());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getTranslationalAxis2(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitY());

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getRotationalAxis(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitZ());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getRotationalAxis(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitX());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getRotationalAxis(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitY());
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getRotationalAxis(), Eigen::Vector3d::UnitZ());

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositions(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 2, 3));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositions(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 2, 3));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositions(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 2, 3));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositions(), Eigen::Vector3d(1, 2, 3));

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getVelocities(), Eigen::Vector3d(4, 5, 6));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getVelocities(), Eigen::Vector3d(4, 5, 6));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getVelocities(), Eigen::Vector3d(4, 5, 6));
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getVelocities(), Eigen::Vector3d(4, 5, 6));

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getDampingCoefficient(1), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getDampingCoefficient(1), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getDampingCoefficient(1), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getDampingCoefficient(1), 2);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getDampingCoefficient(2), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getDampingCoefficient(2), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getDampingCoefficient(2), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getDampingCoefficient(2), 3);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionLowerLimit(0), -1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionLowerLimit(0), -1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionLowerLimit(0), -1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionLowerLimit(0), -1.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionUpperLimit(0), +1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionUpperLimit(0), +1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionUpperLimit(0), +1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionUpperLimit(0), +1.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionLowerLimit(1), -2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionLowerLimit(1), -2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionLowerLimit(1), -2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionLowerLimit(1), -2.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionUpperLimit(1), +2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionUpperLimit(1), +2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionUpperLimit(1), +2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionUpperLimit(1), +2.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionLowerLimit(2), -3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionLowerLimit(2), -3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionLowerLimit(2), -3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionLowerLimit(2), -3.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint1->getPositionUpperLimit(2), +3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint2->getPositionUpperLimit(2), +3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint3->getPositionUpperLimit(2), +3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(planarJoint4->getPositionUpperLimit(2), +3.0);

  world->step();
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SKEL_PARSER, JointActuatorType)
{
  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
      DART_DATA_PATH"/skel/test/joint_actuator_type_test.skel");
  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton 1");
  EXPECT_TRUE(skel1 != nullptr);

  // Test for no actuator type attribute being specified
  Joint* joint0 = skel1->getJoint("joint0");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getActuatorType(), Joint::DefaultActuatorType);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getActuatorType(), Joint::FORCE);

  // Test for when actuator type attribute are specified
  Joint* joint1 = skel1->getJoint("joint1");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getActuatorType(), Joint::FORCE);

  // Test for only a dof name being changed
  Joint* joint2 = skel1->getJoint("joint2");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getActuatorType(), Joint::PASSIVE);
  joint2->setActuatorType(Joint::FORCE);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getActuatorType(), Joint::FORCE);

  // Test for when actuator type attribute are specified
  Joint* joint3 = skel1->getJoint("joint3");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getActuatorType(), Joint::ACCELERATION);

  // Test for when actuator type attribute are specified
  Joint* joint4 = skel1->getJoint("joint4");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getActuatorType(), Joint::VELOCITY);}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, DofAttributes)
{
  WorldPtr world = SkelParser::readWorld(
      DART_DATA_PATH"/skel/test/dof_attribute_test.skel");
  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton 1");

  // Test for no dof elements being specified
  Joint* joint0 = skel1->getJoint("joint0");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -constantsd::inf());
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  constantsd::inf());
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getPosition(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getVelocityLowerLimit(), -constantsd::inf());
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getVelocityUpperLimit(),  constantsd::inf());
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getVelocity(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDof(0)->getName(), joint0->getName());

  // Test for only a dof name being changed
  Joint* joint1 = skel1->getJoint("joint1");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDof(0)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -1.57);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDof(0)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  1.57);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDof(0)->getName(), "customJoint1");

  // Test for when dof attributes (but not a name) are specified
  Joint* joint2 = skel1->getJoint("joint2");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getName(), joint2->getName());

  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getPosition(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getVelocityLowerLimit(), -2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getVelocityUpperLimit(),  2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getVelocity(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getAccelerationLowerLimit(), -3);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getAccelerationUpperLimit(),  3);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getAcceleration(), 0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getForceLowerLimit(), -4);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getForceUpperLimit(),  4);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint2->getDof(0)->getForce(), 0);

  // Test for mixture of old method and new method
  // Note: If there is a conflict, the data given in the dof element will win
  Joint* joint3 = skel1->getJoint("joint3");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(0)->getName(), joint3->getName() + "_1");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(0)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(0)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(0)->getPosition(), 5);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(1)->getName(), joint3->getName() + "_2");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(1)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(1)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint3->getDof(1)->getPosition(), -5);

  // Test for only some of the DOFs being specified
  Joint* joint4 = skel1->getJoint("joint4");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(0)->getName(), "joint4_1");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(0)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(0)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(0)->getVelocityLowerLimit(), -10);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(0)->getVelocityUpperLimit(),  10);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(1)->getName(), joint4->getName() + "_y");

  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(2)->getName(), "joint4_3");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(2)->getPositionLowerLimit(), -2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(2)->getPositionUpperLimit(),  2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(2)->getVelocityLowerLimit(), -20);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint4->getDof(2)->getVelocityUpperLimit(),  20);
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, JointDynamicsElements)
{
  WorldPtr world
      = SkelParser::readWorld(
        DART_DATA_PATH"/skel/test/joint_dynamics_elements_test.skel");
  EXPECT_TRUE(world != nullptr);

  SkeletonPtr skel1 = world->getSkeleton("skeleton 1");

  Joint* joint0 = skel1->getJoint("joint0");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getCoulombFriction   (0), 5.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getRestPosition      (0), 0.1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint0->getSpringStiffness   (0), 3.0);

  Joint* joint1 = skel1->getJoint("joint1");
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDampingCoefficient(0), 1.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getCoulombFriction   (0), 5.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getRestPosition      (0), 0.1);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getSpringStiffness   (0), 3.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDampingCoefficient(1), 2.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getCoulombFriction   (1), 4.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getRestPosition      (1), 0.2);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getSpringStiffness   (1), 2.0);

  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getDampingCoefficient(2), 3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getCoulombFriction   (2), 3.0);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getRestPosition      (2), 0.3);
  EXPECT_EQ(joint1->getSpringStiffness   (2), 1.0);
}

//==============================================================================
TEST(SkelParser, Shapes)
{
  WorldPtr world
      = SkelParser::readWorld(DART_DATA_PATH"/skel/test/test_shapes.skel");
  EXPECT_NE(world, nullptr);

  const auto numSkels = world->getNumSkeletons();
  EXPECT_EQ(numSkels, 9);

  ShapePtr shape;
  SkeletonPtr skel;

  // Ground (box)
  skel = world->getSkeleton("ground skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);

  // Box
  skel = world->getSkeleton("box skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<BoxShape>());
  auto boxShape = std::static_pointer_cast<BoxShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(boxShape->getSize(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.1, 0.05, 0.1));

  // Sphere
  skel = world->getSkeleton("sphere skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<SphereShape>());
  auto sphereShape = std::static_pointer_cast<SphereShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(sphereShape->getRadius(), 0.05);

  // Ellipsoid
  skel = world->getSkeleton("ellipsoid skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<EllipsoidShape>());
  auto ellipsoidShape = std::static_pointer_cast<EllipsoidShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(ellipsoidShape->getDiameters(), Eigen::Vector3d(0.05, 0.10, 0.15));

  // Cylinder
  skel = world->getSkeleton("cylinder skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<CylinderShape>());
  auto cylinderShape = std::static_pointer_cast<CylinderShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(cylinderShape->getHeight(), 0.1);
  EXPECT_EQ(cylinderShape->getRadius(), 0.05);

  // Capsule
  skel = world->getSkeleton("capsule skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<CapsuleShape>());
  auto capsuleShape = std::static_pointer_cast<CapsuleShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(capsuleShape->getHeight(), 0.1);
  EXPECT_EQ(capsuleShape->getRadius(), 0.05);

  // Cone
  skel = world->getSkeleton("cone skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<ConeShape>());
  auto coneShape = std::static_pointer_cast<CapsuleShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(coneShape->getHeight(), 0.1);
  EXPECT_EQ(coneShape->getRadius(), 0.05);

  // MultiSphere
  skel = world->getSkeleton("multi sphere skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
  shape = skel->getBodyNode(0)->getShapeNode(0)->getShape();
  EXPECT_TRUE(shape->is<MultiSphereShape>());
  auto multiSphereShape = std::static_pointer_cast<MultiSphereShape>(shape);
  EXPECT_EQ(multiSphereShape->getNumSpheres(), 2u);
  const auto& spheres = multiSphereShape->getSpheres();
  EXPECT_EQ(spheres[0].first, 0.05);
  EXPECT_EQ(spheres[0].second, Eigen::Vector3d(-0.075, 0.0, 0.0));
  EXPECT_EQ(spheres[1].first, 0.075);
  EXPECT_EQ(spheres[1].second, Eigen::Vector3d(+0.075, 0.0, 0.0));

  // Mesh
  skel = world->getSkeleton("mesh skeleton");
  EXPECT_NE(skel, nullptr);
}

//==============================================================================
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}


text:
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The present research has identified that the Act of Family and Medical Leave applies to all public agencies; companies with more than 50 employees; public and private secondary schools; and elementary schools. To be eligible, employees must have worked for twelve months. In addition, they should be working in a location within 75 miles.
Different Forms of Corruption Law Essay
This essay discusses that sport has always had those who cheat – whether in a well-planned way, by accident as when rules are not known or understood, or on impulse when an opportunity presents itself. In some cases, it is the sportsperson in the first instance who is corrupt.
Grounds For Appeal On The Administrative Law Law Essay
The Court of Appeals observed that under the bare license from the owner, the mistress occupied the house and thus, she received an imperfect gift of the house and hence, no trust could be construed. However, the mistress was encouraged to refurbish and repair the house which denotes that there had been a proprietary estoppel.
The Case of Revision R v G and Another Law Essay
Two boys, aged 11 and 12, set fire to some newspapers in a backyard of a shop and then proceeded to throw the burning papers under a plastic rubbish bin. As a result, the bin caught fire which spread to the shop, destroying goods that were worth about 1M pounds. The boys were charged with arson, contrary to Sections 1 and 3 of the Criminal Damage Act of 1971 for reckless and criminal negligence.
Land Law in Real Facts Law Essay
Alice, from the age of 16, had worked for Mr. Wilson as his housekeeper and governess for his three children; Bentley, Clarice, and Damian and had lived with the family. After the demise of Mr. Wilson, the property was divided equally between his two sons, Bentley and Damian.
Forensic Science and the Improvement of the World of Justice Law Admission/Application Essay
3 pages (750 words) , Download 1 , Admission/Application Essay
The author states that his choice of Criminal Justice as his undergraduate major was taken without any hesitation, although he did regret the end of his High School Biology classes – Biology being his favorite subject at that time. He thoroughly enjoyed the intellectual stimulation of his courses in Criminal Justice.
The Law of Contract Law Coursework
3 pages (750 words) , Download 1 , Coursework
Someone who is crazy is simply one who behaves weirdly, while someone who has been previously declared insane by a judge is one who does not have the mental capacity to make a reasonable decision on his/her own. This means that crazy persons can be capable of making reasonable decisions on their own
Killing Torture Idealism: Logos in Intuition and Pathos in Counter-Aesthetics of Torture Law Essay
The author concludes that the public and politicians will know how illogical and immoral torture is, they will increasingly change their torture-approving mindset. Hence, the "Ancient Empiric" and "The Counter-Aesthetics of Torture" can be effective means of killing torture idealism because it weakens image interdependence and strengthens the logic and pathos against torture
The Miscarriage of Justice Law Essay
However, Treschel identifies the inherent possibility for miscarriages of justice, especially in criminal trials, when there are two conflicting perspectives (a) the human rights perspective which mandates that the rights of the individual in question to a fair trial be ensured and (b) the public prevailing opinion against the individual.
Factors that Influence the Occurrence of Crimes Law Essay
Sacco and Kennedy (2008) stated some crimes occur more in some places when compared to crime occurrences in other places. For example, more crimes will occur in places where drinking occurs when compared to places where drinking is absent. Likewise, it is rare to find employees drinking intoxicating liquor within their offices.
Law Enforcement Investigators (Traditionalist vs. Revisionist) Law Assignment
This essay will focus on these two paradigms and law enforcement in regard to the investigators. There are times that these two schools of thought clashed where the revisionists claimed that traditionalists failed to analyze all documents and evidence that is available to historians.
Law and Intellectual Property Memorandum Law Essay
What is the possible liability in the case of Jedi using Mr. Kenobi's pictures on a website hosted by Emperor, when Jedi purchased the pictures in good faith from a third party and Mr. Kenobi can prove that the pictures are his? Moreover, what is the possible liability in the case of Jedi's competitors obtaining Jedi's secret formula through Empire's data servers?
Law for Business Students Law Essay
A party violates the terms of the contract severely without consulting the other party, the second party has every right to cancel the contract in the form of rescission. Rescission also implies to the right of an individual in cancelling the agreement if the provisions of the original contract become void due to the acts of the other party.
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd Law Essay
The author explains that the purchase and installation were conducted and within a few days of ordinary usage and subsequent airing, the flue overheated and ignited some nearby towels starting a fire. Expert evidence that the flue failed to comply with British Standard specifications, and that the defendant was negligent in fitting the flue.
Warranties as Contracts Law Coursework
This research will begin with the statement that contract is defined as the performance of an agreement between two parties who have decided to lay down certain conditions with respect to the way they shall perform the agreement. An agreement is a legally tenable document which propitiates that the parties shall do what is written in the agreement.
The Issues of Unmarried Cohabitation Law Assignment
Though California is not a Common Law state, it does validate the Common Law Marriages accomplished in some Common Law state. This provision automatically supports the premise that the California Law agrees that there does exist much emotional dependency, financial comingling in the relationships not validated by a marriage license.
The Fourth Amendment To The US Constitution In Arbitrage Practice Law Admission/Application Essay
There is no Pennsylvania case law that contradicts DeMichel or establishes a different definition of facts found in error. A possible counterargument is that the police applied the knocked and announce rule before gaining forceful entrance into the premises. The time they took was, however, too short. There is no case law to support this position.
Criminal Law - Casey Anthony Trial Law Essay
It is reported that many American citizens and the media followed the proceedings keenly on their televisions with some presenting themselves physically in courts just to follow the developments. Nevertheless, a landmark ruling came on July 5, 2011when the jury ruled Casey not guilty of the crime he was accused to have committed.
Effects of Substance Abuse on Prisoners in Austin Texas Law Assignment
To accomplish this goal, the presentation must be both persuasive and comprehensible to the audience. The researcher can use a number of tips to effectively present his research findings and proposed solutions to his audience. The researcher has to understand his audience, the medium that he will use to present the research and the content.
Civil Engineering Contract Law Essay
The author states that the reliability of a project and the avoidance of possible conflicts depend highly on the initial contractual aspect of civil engineering. One of the most important parts of the civil engineering contract is the ability to analyze various types of risks which may arise during the initial phase of a given project.
Statistics of Migrants in the UK Law Essay
In fact, the preference for the White-skinned population is found to be relatively high in the job market as well, where they are prioritized compared to the non-White or the non-European groups of immigrants. In fact, the wages earned by the latter is found to be lower than the former as well in some cases.
Identity Theft Law Essay
To reduce the impact of identity theft everybody needs to know that they exist through public awareness campaigns, assisting the victims, coming up with legislation to protect victims, protecting identifying information of people, and finally, training police and other investigators on how to deal with the thieves (Schmalleger, 1998).
Colomo Vs Bonds - What Sexual Harassment Really Is Law Essay
The bone of contention was several meetings that had taken place between Victoria Colomo and Joseph Fuller who were both Special needs students at the San Angelo Central High School. The court was issued with the accounts of the meetings where Fuller had taken Colomo to seclusion within the school and asked her to be his girlfriend.
Capital Crime in an Incident of Mass Shooting Law Essay
According to the police report, Holmes did not have any known or pre-existing criminal record preceding this particular incidence. After the arrest and lock up in jail, Holmes attempted suicide severally in 2012 November. The police have him under custody after the court denied him bail. On March 12, 2013, Holmes pleaded not guilty.
Shaping the Character and Effect of Financial Services Regulation Law Essay
The author states that the finance industry is one of the most important drivers of any economy, and their performance and strength are strong indicators of where a given economy is relative to the global economy. The performance of this industry relies heavily on the laws and regulations that govern this industry in relation to its operations.
Unfair Terms in a Contract Act 1977 and Regulations Law Essay
Previously the consumer (in business transactions) often fell vulnerable to the seller or supplier. The consumer had very little protection against the exemption clause or unfair terms that were hidden in contracts. Since 1977 the consumer can take refuge under the Unfair Terms of a Contract Act 1977 (UCTA), which has given the consumer extra protection.
Juvenile Recidivism in the United States Law Essay
According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that prison does not appear to be serving as a correctional and rehabilitative experience; rather according to experts, young offenders appear to view prison as an opportunity to get free food and shelter before they are out on the streets again.
Trusts Law And Reasons For Appeal Law Essay
In arriving at the decision, the High Court based its verdict on the precedent set in the appeal case of Sen v Headley [1991] Ch 425, where the Court set up grounds for a valid transfer of real property by a donatio mortis causa. In the case, the deceased and the plaintiff, Mrs. Sen, were very close friends.
Personal Property for Person Suffering from Alzheimers Disease Law Assignment
The contract between the elderly woman and her attorney can be considered to be unenforceable because of legal defences from the side of the elderly woman. Though at face-value it appears to have met all the stipulations of a valid contract, it cannot be enforced legally due to the technicality. Alzheimer's disease progressively causes mental degeneration in an individual.
Should Abortion be Illegal Law Research Proposal
4 pages (1000 words) , Download 1 , Research Proposal
Rather, the focus should always remain on the consideration of the ethics of abortion. Is it ethically acceptable to terminate the life of an unborn child? Should it be made legal? People, according to Prof. Kadayifci one should not confuse the moral wrongness and legality of the issue as the pro-life side often does.
From Typical Contracts to E-Contracts Law Assignment
The author states that the new procedures favor consumers who do not like to reveal their identity. This is because there is no eye contact between the buyer and seller. The only person who gets to meet the consumers is the attorney thus providing privacy to those who value their personal privacy.
Liability Issues - Limited Liability Company Law Essay
The paper provides advice on how to incorporate their business and carry out their transactions in order to attain the best and optimal results. Under each of these three types of businesses, there are sub-categories of business entities that can be formed to maintain the original legal expectations and focus of the founders of the entities.
Analysis of Wisconsin v Mitchell (1993) Case Law Essay
The author states that the enhancement of the punishment, by the Wisconsin statute, was to be construed as punishment for the predicted outcomes of the crime and not for the bigoted beliefs held by the offender. Lastly, the Court held that this statute did not breach the right to free speech of the offender
Inside Job from a Legal Perspective Law Essay
According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the movie "Inside Job" tries relentlessly to unravel the intricate structural engineering of the financial meltdown. As a result, individuals were unable to pay their debts to organizations issuing credit cards either because of increase in interest rate or due to the loss of their occupations.
Abortion: A Necessary Legality Law Essay
As the paper highlights, the abortion issue is multi-faceted and both sides of the issue provide credible, thought-provoking arguments. Only the individual can disseminate the information and make their own decision based on what they believe to be right. Everyone should know both sides on equal terms.
Legal Rights of Customer in terms of Refunds / Compensation Law Essay
Usually buyers encounter with the forward mentioned issues in terms of legal rights when buying goods: a) undertaking in respect of no legal rights b) false description of purchasable item c) defective / unsafe goods d) short measure e) short weight f) misleading price g) misleading information (Twomey & Jennings 2010).
Argument for and against the Use of Death Penalty in Contemporary America Law Essay
While describing the arguments for the death penalty and against it, the author comes to a conclusion that even though arguments against death penalty identify valid positions such as possible injustice and the criminal's interest in human rights, they do not factor in the rights of the remaining section of the society. Further, injustice is not a likely occurrence because of the involved expertise in the judicial system and room for appeal
Order and Good vs Chaos and Evil in a Moral Perceptive Law Assignment
Order and good alignments depict people who honor while chaotic and evil alignments show the opposite of this. This alignment shows a relation of lawful good where civilization and order occur and freedom and kindness is widely evident in the society. Nonetheless, the same society also depicting chaotic evil that portrays tyranny and destruction.
Clark v. McDaniel, 546 N.W. 2d 590 Law Essay
This paper outlines that the Appellees found that the car was, in fact, a "clipped" vehicle with "a 1986 Taurus welded into the front half of a 1989 model". Upon confronting the Defendants, the Appellees found that the car was originally sold to the Defendants by Charles McDaniel of Chuck's Auto ("Appellant"), who made the original representation.
Kohlbergs Moral Stage Theory Law Essay
An examination of "developing structures" through which an individual makes moral judgments will enable us to understand moral development (p.54). I agree with Kohlberg's Moral Stage Theory, and judging by its tenets of moral development I will place myself at Stage 5. The sense of morality in me has bloomed to its full development.
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