Best Lenses for Nikon D850 DSLR camera. trying to find counseled lenses for your Nikon D850? Here square measure the highest counseled Nikon D850 lenses.
Designed for skilled photographers and heavy hobbyists, the new Nikon D850 ($3,296.95 at Amazon, B&H, Adorama) DSLR camera options a 45.7MP FX-Format BSI CMOS sensing element and evidenced EXPEED five image processor, permitting professionals to make beautiful, high resolution still pictures and full-frame 4K UHD video. Despite its monumental resolution, the D850 is capable of associate degree astoundingly quick capture rate of up to seven frames-per-second (fps) or 9-fps with the nonmandatory battery grip and EN-EL18a/b battery, whereas giving a variety of latest easy options requested by Nikon shooters round the world. Adoption of identical high-speed, high-precision 153-point AF system utilized by the D5 offers the D850 larger certainty of capturing moving subjects. associate degree 8K time-lapse recording mode is additionally accessible, moreover as extra specialized recording modes for digitizing film negatives and for focus stacking applications. From landscape, business sports, fashion, and wedding photography to multimedia system applications, the D850, combined with the facility of NIKKOR's in-depth choice of lenses, greatly expands the chances for versatile imaging expression across a large form of photographic genres.
Here square measure the highest counseled lenses for Nikon D850 DSLR camera, as well as leading prime and zoom choices from the camera lens to photograph. you'll be able to select the one you would like.
superb Macro Lens! This medium photograph small lens is good for extreme close-up and portrait work with larger operating distances and AF from time to life-size (1:1). This Nikon 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED VR is that the world's initial macro lens that includes Nikon's exclusive Silent Wave Motor (SWM) and Vibration Reduction (VR) designed for close-up and macro photography; versatile for all photographic things. The VR system offers a 3 shutter speed stop equivalence sanctionative the employment of slower shutter speeds whereas still maintaining image sharpness, even in low light-weight.
unimaginable lens! "Very sharp, motorcar focuses quickly and quietly, and shows little or no noticeable optical aberration, a lot of less any distortion at typical apertures". giving a life-size most magnification quantitative relation of 1:1, this lens edges operating with tiny and close subjects and employs a Floating System for maintained image quality throughout the eleven.8″ to time focusing vary.
glorious Macro Lens! it's a brilliant compact and light-weight giant aperture zoom lens, with life-size (1:1) macro capability. This extremely optimized lens has a perfect distance associate degreed is supplied with alphabetic character technology as well as an Optical Stabilizer (OS), Hyper Sonic Motor (HSM) and Super Multi-Layer Coating. The HSM ensures correct, quiet, high speed autofocusing whereas the OS compensates for camera shake. The Super Multi-Layer Coating reduces flare and ghosting. The 150mm F2.8 macro focuses right down to 1:1 magnification quantitative relation at its highest operating distance of fifteen inches.
: very versatile and an honest value! It's presently the sole all-in-one lens for FX. This versatile ten.7x optical lens with impotence Glass and VR II IS will offers a broad distance vary that's good for travel, landscapes, portraits and distant subjects. Fast, accurate, and quiet motorcar focusing. And it offers superior sharpness and color correction by effectively minimizing optical aberration, even at the widest aperture setting.
extremely recommended! This lens' skillfulness and image quality has created it a necessary workhorse lens for each form of shooter. The Nikon 24-70mm f/2.8E impotence VR improves upon nearly each facet of its acclaimed forerunner sharpness, speed, consistency, management and sturdiness and Vibration Reduction image stabilization technology and also the results square measure beautiful. From studio work to field assignments, environmental to events, stills to HD video, once chasing the decisive moment, you'll forever understand that lens to grab.
Focal Length : 35 mm, Minimum Focus Distance - 1.0 ft.
glorious Lens! a really versatile superior lens, the AF-S NIKKOR 35mm f/1.4G is that the selection of professional and heavy photographers for landscapes, night scenes, interiors, weddings, fourth estate, astrophotography and additional. The 35mm distance provides a natural angle of read, almost like the perception of the human eye. With associate degree ultra-fast f/1.4 aperture, this lens can assist you capture stunning pictures with a shallow depth-of-field, even within the most difficult of lighting conditions.
glorious Lens! With an oversized one.4 aperture, the alphabetic character 50mm one.4 prime lens could be a professional level performing artist for shooting everything as well as portrait photography, landscape photography, studio photography and street photography. Super sharp!
Budget choice. a perfect portrait and travel lens with an inexpensive value. And it adds an ideal lens for travel, event, environmental and general photography in a very wide range of conditions, with very good optical formula associate degreed an ultra-fast f/1.4 most aperture.
skilled Portrait Lens! extremely Recommended! associate degree final optical lens that provides enticing reserved impact and precise focus is feasible to realize to specialise in the pupils of subjects eyes whereas blurring the eyelashes. This alphabetic character 85mm f/1.4 Art lens achieved a formidable ninety three overall score and Gold Award from the consultants at DPReview. Ideal for skilled photographers and discerning photography enthusiasts for portrait photography, low-light photography, night photography, landscape photography, the fourth estate, events, and wedding photography.
glorious portrait lens! Edge to edge sharpness! Its medium-telephoto angle-of-view is good for portraits and general photography within the studio or within the field. Its ultra-fast f/1.4 aperture with a rounded nine-blade diaphragm creates stunning, natural background blur and permits shooting in dramatic low-light things. This Nikon 85mm f/1.4G lens delivers implausibly sharp pictures and its quick f/1.4 aperture ensures a bright finder image moreover as stunning background blur. compatible for portraits, general purpose and low light-weight work. Use of Nano Crystal Coat any reduces ghosting and interior flare across a large vary of wavelengths for even larger image clarity.
The world's initial fast-aperture zoom lens with VC (image stabilization). Its delivers edge-to-edge finder brightness for easy composition and superior low-light performance. The quick aperture of the F/1.8 additionally offers the proper balance of subject sharpness and bokeh, that dreamy blur that separates your portrait subject from the background. The 85mm distance is good for manufacturing a delightful image with true-to-life facial expression in correct proportion.
good for portrait, nature, and business photography, the Nikon 85mm f/2.8D lens enables you to management the attitude over with different lenses, with the flexibility to tilt, shift, and rotate whereas you shoot. The lens offers a large shifting range–plus or minus eleven.5mm–with a tilting vary of and or minus eight.5 degrees to supply exceptional perspective management. additionally, the lens revolves and or minus ninety degrees in 30-degree increments, providing versatile tilt/shift shooting effects. As a result, you'll be able to relish every kind of distorted views and distinctive angles, giving your shots additional life.
Budget option! High image quality, razor-sharp, absolutely compact and a pretty bokeh else.
glorious lens! A prime quality, extremely practical, high speed commonplace optical lens covering the 24-70mm focal vary. Tamron has reduced every type of optical aberration within the SP 24-70mm, creating it a lens at the highest of its category. The SP 24-70mm F/2.8 aperture permits a balance between sensible resolution and delightful soft blur effects. This ideal lens makes full use of Tamron's rounded diaphragm and also the candid, creative blur that it provides. it's additionally Tamron's initial lens to feature our new moisture-resistant construction. Portraits, Landscapes, Studio Shoots, this can be the lens for all of them.
This all-new 24-70mm F2.8 lens from SIGMA delivers the performance and functionality that help pros succeed in news, nature, and many other fields of photography.
glorious lens! a flexible zoom for everyday shooting, this all-new alphabetic character 24-70mm f/2.8 Art lens covers a helpful camera lens to portrait-length vary of focal lengths to suit shooting in a very form of environments. that includes a latest OS and extremely economical and quick AF system, the revamped 24-70mm F2.8 Art embodies all the technical qualities and delicacy that outline the superior alphabetic character world Vision Art series. The 24-70mm F2.8 Art aspheric components use Sigma's groundbreaking thicker center glass style and extremely precise sprucing method, delivering beautiful pictures and bokeh effects.
glorious lens! The Nikon 24-70mm f/2.8G impotence is one among the foremost in style lenses in Nikon's FX lineup, and it's terribly sharp across its zoom vary. The f/2.8 most aperture is effective in low light-weight and creates a shallow depth of field with pleasing out-of-focus highlights increased by a rounded 9-blade diaphragm. Versatile camera lens to short photograph views and a large most aperture, effective in low light-weight, build this lens a preferred workhorse for operating professionals, enthusiasts and daily shooters.
superb camera lens Prime! extremely recommended! This lens delivers glorious brightness and bokeh and is good high speed lens for snapshots. The alphabetic character 20mm F1.4 weight unit HSM is thought of because the end result of the Art line in relation with F1.4 series. the mixture of advanced optics and optimized lens power distribution minimizes optical aberration, axial optical aberration and field curvature, manufacturing outstanding image quality. With category leading performance, this lens is good for landscape photography, videography, astrophotography, lowlight or indoor photography and event photography.
glorious ultra-wide! extremely recommended! each quick and wide, the alphabetic character 14mm f/1.8 weight unit HSM Art lens is that the world's initial F1.8, ultra-wide, full-frame prime lens designed to supply high-resolution, well-corrected mental imagery. jactitation outstanding image quality from the center to edge, the 14mm F1.8 Art options the biggest glass mold (80mm) within the business, giving photographers associate degree ultra-wide prime with nearly no distortion, flare or ghosting. Ideal for shooting design, astrophotography, documentary and landscapes.
glorious super camera lens prime lens! This new, faster, Rokinon SP 14mm F2.4 performs to the best photographic standards and carries Rokinon' s special performance (SP) Designation. It provides image quality for fifty megapixels exposure and 8K video productions with exceptional low light-weight, bokeh and selective focus capabilities. Its F2.4 aperture provides superior low light-weight capability, quicker shutter speeds and larger depth field management compared to its counterparts.
With the ultra-wide read of a 20mm lens, you absolve to capture expansive landscapes and design, wedding parties, a whole band on stage, crowd shots and far additional. A compact, light-weight FX-format lens that mixes the ultra-wide perspective of a 20mm distance, the low-light capabilities associate degreed shallow depth of field of a f/1.8 most aperture and also the very good optical characteristics of a sophisticated NIKKOR prime lens. whether or not you shoot stills, HD video, time-lapse sequences or star path pictures on associate degree FX- or DX-format D-SLR, the AF-S NIKKOR 20mm f/1.8G impotence can widen your artistic potential.
Natural wide angle of reading, with extreme light-weight gathering capability, delivers extraordinary performance, meeting a broad vary of difficult assignments. It can give superior sharpness and color correction by effectively minimizing optical aberration, even at the widest aperture settings. The f/1.4 most aperture permits photographers to shoot hand-held in low light-weight and provides dramatic separation between subject and a softened background. in a very wide range of photographic things, each FX and DX-format shooters can relish the advantages of extra-bright f/1.4 viewing, very good image quality and also the dramatic views afforded by an image angle of eighty-four degrees.
extremely recommended! Nikon 14-24mm f/2.8G impotence is one among the simplest wide angle lenses accessible and it's a superb selection for professionals and heavy camera lens photographers. With a continuing f/2.8 most aperture, it delivers edge-to-edge sharpness, high distinction and could be a staple within the kits of advanced Nikon shooters. It options Nano Crystal and Super Integrated Coating to boost light-weight transmission and scale back the consequences of ghosting and flare. 2 impotence (Extra-low Dispersion) components and 3 aspheric lenses management chromatic and spherical aberrations and mix to boost sharpness and distinction even at the widest aperture settings. And Internal Focus (IF) provides quick and quiet motorcar focusing while not ever-changing the length of the lens, holding subject-working distance through the main target vary.
glorious camera lens Zoom! Designed for photojournalists, wedding and travel photographers, the superior 16-35mm lens delivers crisp, clear and non-distorted pictures, quiet optical device and smart bokeh. It options a hard and fast f/4 most aperture, advanced coatings for optimum lens performance, and VR that gains two.5 stops of blur-free hand-held shooting. This lens is very well-suited for travel photography, cityscapes, weddings, low-light photography and design photography.
glorious lens, extremely recommended! very good image quality and performance! The Tamron SP 15-30mm f/2.8 Di VC USD offers nice skillfulness altogether photographic things and it will deliver outstanding image quality throughout the whole vary from corner to corner. and also the f/2.8 most aperture performs well in low-light things and provides a shallow depth of field for selective focus.
glorious optical lens Lens! Widest NIKKOR camera lens however and also the initial with zoom capability – and also the initial NIKKOR zoom to capture epic 180° circular pictures. The AF-S optical lens NIKKOR 8-15mm f/3.5-4.5E impotence lens brings a replacement level of skillfulness and sharpness to extreme camera lens lenses, releasing you to decide on the correct optical lens perspective for the shot; to make frame-filling pictures from as shut as zero.5 feet from your subject or to follow your passion into difficult, heavily backlit, even wet and dirty things. Equally suited to still photography and video work.
This quick, f/2 zoom lens renders shallow depth-of-field with stunning background blur (bokeh), and is good for photographers seeking to freeze movement with quick shutter speeds in low lighting conditions, as well as indoor sports, life or portraiture. Its ultra-fast f/2 most aperture renders shallow depth-of-field with stunning background blur (bokeh) and is good for photographers seeking to freeze movement with quick shutter speeds in low lighting conditions. Professionals covering weddings, sporting events, and fashion shows can appreciate its reach, image quality, and quick aperture.
Lighter and additional rugged than its acclaimed forerunner, the AF-S NIKKOR 400mm f/2.8E Sunshine State impotence VR frees professionals and loving shooters to capture the joys of sports, action and life with staggering clarity and preciseness, even once shooting hand-held in difficult lighting conditions. A fast f/2.8 most aperture paired with Nikon VR technology delivers exciting new low-light capabilities and delightful bokeh, whereas a specialized diaphragm maintains consistent exposure throughout high-speed shooting.
Nikon VR II (Vibration Reduction) Image Stabilization. Vibration Reduction is engineered specifically for each VR NIKKOR lens.
The AF-S NIKKOR 300mm f/2.8G impotence VR II super zoom lens is made to perform even within the most troublesome and hard to please conditions, creating it good for professional photographers United Nations agency shoot fast scenes and subjects—sports, nature and life, live amusement, and more. skilled photographers can appreciate this lens for its consistent, high-quality output, quick and correct optical device, and sturdy construction.
Provides nationwide service support for coverages as defined within the plan benefits and terms. If your product can't be repaired, a Gift Card will be provided.
extremely recommended! glorious for low-light, sports, wildlife, concerts, weddings, portraits and everyday shooting! The new Nikon 70-200mm f/2.8E Sunshine State impotence VR lens takes that legendary performance to the following level with identical jaw-dropping image quality that has created it a prized lens of professionals and heavy hobbyists alike. quick optical device, superior sharpness and color correction.
extremely recommended! Nikon 70-200mm f/2.8G impotence VR II could be a sharp, versatile, and sturdy photograph optical lens with a quick constant most aperture, helpful in low light things. A workhorse of a lens utilized by professionals and amateurs alike it's ideal for the fourth estate, sports, and life photography and is effective for pretty much all photograph applications, as well as portraiture.
a glorious lens with stellar image quality and performance! This new SP 70-200mm F2.8 G2 (Model A025) reimagines the extremely acclaimed Model A009 with increased optical performance, improved VC (Vibration Compensation), quicker AF speed and accuracy, and shortened MOD (Minimum Object Distance) for larger flexibility. What's additional, compatibility with Tamron teleconverters provides extra distance. Ideal for travel, street, landscape, portraits, weddings and sports photography.
a glorious lens with reasonable value. Nikon with pride presents associate degree update to its versatile full-frame 70-300mm tele zoom with enhancements to image quality, autofocus, speed, VR image stabilization and additional. The lens strikes an impressive balance between size, zoom power and Vibration Reduction, creating it a good selection for hand-held photos and videos of sports, action, concerts, weddings, life and additional.
Below square measure the super photograph zoom lenses for life and sports photography.
the last word medium to super-telephoto zoom lens! If you're trying to find a compact, versatile photograph optical lens that handles portraiture moreover because it handles long-distance life and action photography, look no any than the AF-S NIKKOR 80-400mm f/4.5-5.6G ED VR. With the broadest distance home in our super-telephoto zoom line-up, it reduces the number of lenses you would like to hold onto the field; and expands your handheld shooting capabilities, because of Nikon's Vibration Reduction (VR) technology. produce spectacular photos and HD videos in nearly any light-weight, from nearly any distance.
light-weight, compact super photograph zoom! The Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 200-500mm f/5.6E impotence VR is associate degree exhilarating lens choice, giving enthusiast FX and DX-format photographers the flexibility to travel any with superb zoom power and tack-sharp clarity. This compact super-telephoto zoom is good for transfer distant subjects nearer, as well as birds, sports, life and motorsports.
the simplest price photograph Zoom Lens! High action-capture performance and dirt and splash-proof construction. Designed and dead for the foremost hard to please kinds of photography, the alphabetic character 150-600mm 5-6.3 weight unit HSM OS Sports lens is that the new commonplace for photograph zooms. jactitation two FLD glass components (performance up to fluorite) and three SLD glass components, the new alphabetic character 150-600mm Sport produces implausibly sharp pictures through the whole zoom vary. associate degree updated optical stabilizer (OS) options associate degree measuring device for improved panning photography each horizontally and vertically, essential for birding, life and motorsports photography.
Introducing the pinnacle of ultra-telephoto zoom with advanced features for improved optical performance, functionality and usability - The SP 150-600mm G2 (Generation 2) | Tamron SP series lenses have been technologically redefined from the inside out to maximize the potential of high-resolution cameras.
nice Lens! The SP 150-600mm G2 (Generation 2) ultra-telephoto lens with upgraded optical performance permits hand-held shooting with an exceptional definition: higher overall optical performance and quicker AF speed, VC enhancements, and Euori1e Coal, FLEX ZOOM LOCK and tele device. AF speed is considerably improved from the current model, and it permits correct high-speed focus even once capturing moving subjects.
Best "Fast" photograph Zoom Lens! This lens is that the initial lens designed below Sigma's new Sports line of lenses, creating it well-suited for fast-moving subjects like life, nature, aviation, racing, and different similar things. that includes a dust- and splash-proof construction, this lens is ideally suited to be used in outside and adverse conditions. The Hyper Sonic AF Motor provides quick, smooth, and quiet motorcar focusing for quicker performance that additionally edges video.
Best "Slow" photograph Zoom Lens! The New AF-S NIKKOR 200-400mm f/4G impotence VR II lens could be a versatile, powerful super-telephoto zoom that's good for sports and life shooting, whereas giving a continuing most aperture throughout the whole zoom vary and VR II Image Stabilization that permits hand-held shooting at up to four shutter speeds slower than would preferably be attainable. It can give superior sharpness and color correction by effectively minimizing optical aberration, even at the widest aperture settings.


Basically I love life and I love living life. I enjoy the outdoors, traveling, going to cultural events, and socializing with quality people. Its just better living and sharing life with someone else I'm originally from the DC area, did my undergrad in NY, and Have lived in a few different cOuNtries. I have a car LOL… I racE cars on race trackS for fun. It's a greaT hobby. I enjoy being active, healthy and Staying fit. FaMily and friends Are impoRtanT to me as well. If you'd like to know more Say "hi". I didn't reveal a lot about my Self for you to read on purpose. Rather we chat, talk, engage in conversation to get to know each other instead of us reading through a long page in this section about each other. Also, just because someone looks like a good match "on paper", doesn't necessarily translate in reality.


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Call for Nominations - Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee (AICC)
AICC Updates
The Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee (AICC), a committee of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS), serves a liaison function by providing oversight and advice to the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs and to U.S. research icebreaker operators, for the purpose of enhancing scientific facilities and capabilities aboard U.S. research icebreakers, primarily the USCGC HEALY (operator: United States Coast Guard) and the RV SIKULIAQ (operator: University of Alaska Fairbanks). The AICC solicits, synthesizes, and presents the needs of the Arctic science community to the icebreaker operators and to the NSF, fulfilling an ombudsman role when necessary and facilitating the efficient and effective execution of scientific research by U.S. icebreakers. The AICC also promotes new technology for Arctic research and its utilization on U.S. icebreakers, and provides information to the scientific community to facilitate national and international research projects on Arctic icebreakers. The AICC accomplishes these tasks through email discussions, telephone debriefs of current-year research cruises, and annual meetings and telephone conferences. Annual meetings are typically held in person at Coast Guard Base Seattle, where the USCGC HEALY is based. Additional AICC teleconferences are also scheduled. Travel costs for AICC members for these meetings are supported through the UNOLS office.
AICC is currently seeking applications for three new members willing to help the Arctic scientific community meet these needs over a three-year term, starting in mid-2021. Nominees should be polar scientists with an expertise in chemical, physical, biological or geological oceanography or in meteorology; with polar field experience, particularly icebreaker experience; and a record of Arctic research. The disciplinary balance and expertise of the current AICC membership, and diversity of institutional representation, are additional considerations. Application packages should include a CV with a cover letter that includes (a) field experience; (b) Arctic research publication record; (c) and expression of interest in the AICC's activities. Interested applicants are invited to submit their applications to the UNOLS Office by e-mail (office@unols.org) by August 31, 2021.
For further information about the AICC, please visit:
https://www.unols.org/committee/arctic-icebreaker-coordinating-committee-aicc
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Chevy Impala 2023 Specs, Interior, Price
August 28, 2022 by tamcar
Chevy Impala 2023 Specs, Interior, Price – Chevy Impala of 2023, thirty years ago, people had predicted that crossovers would soon be one of the most popular vehicle segments, they would be placed in the interior of the huge automobile, and then removed quietly. It's amazing how quickly the times have changed. SUVs rule the streets and the traditional sedans are now almost gone. Nameplates such as Taurus, Fusion, Chrysler 200, Sebring, Malibu as well as Cruze have all experienced the sharp edges of the ax.
However, it shouldn't be this way. My argument against the SUV craze is the rebranding and rebranding of America's renowned brand name, the iconic Chevy Impala 2023. It will indeed be gone following the model year 2020 What is the likelihood of it returning with a slender retro look and a rear-wheel-drive engine? Let's look at it more clearly.
Chevy Impala 2023 Redesign
To combat this, my study is a tribute to The Chevy Impala 2023 hardtop that has window frames that are frameless and clear lines on the body, as well as using elements of the more sleek 1967 version. To make it more relevant to the future it was designed with a road-inspired Chevrolet design language was utilized using elements of Corvette and Camaro. Camaro and Corvette integrated into the metalwork.
Chevy Impala 2023 Exterior
The font's style is highlighted by a shark-nosed egg-like grille, a muscular hood, along square fenders. Panels that resemble diagonal black knives run down from the hood down to the doorway and use the recessed brake lines. The blackened C and A-pillars create the appearance of floating roofs and the side sculptures have an aggressive rear haunch as well as lower door scallops to give visual energy.
It has a spacious interior, a spacious trunk with smooth acceleration and a luxurious ride without being overly soft and floating, the new generation of Impala which was launched in 2014 has been a top choice for its class. Its predecessor, the Chevy Impala 2023 is exactly what you would think of from a spacious and comfortable car and, as a result, is short.
Chevy Impala 2023 Interior
Its tendency to wander its lanes on the road? What it does not like is the hefty control of its Impala and its incredibly sensitive steering. We were not impressed by the thick front roof pillars that block the view of curves as well. Its Chevy Impala 2023's execution hold is an excellent option, but other competitors such as Kia Cadenza and the Toyota Avalon are generally more luxurious, in general.
Chevy Impala 2023 Engine
General Motors is not short of one or two strong powertrains. The study highlights the Impala V8's past and its electrified future. Let's get the basics: The tested 3.6-liter V6 engine, which has 325 horses and 280 pound-feet of torque is expected to be at the entrance to the range, and then the 6.2-liter V8 engine LT2 that was snatched from Corvette C8.
The latter model can deliver up to 495 hp and the torque is 470 lb-ft. The power will be directed through the back wheels using the Tremec 8-speed dual-clutch transmission. GM President Mary Barra has painted an electric future for the brand and electrification of Impala 2023. Chevy Impala 2023 model could save the large sedan from. High-performance, dual-motor configuration with a battery pack of 100kWh and the Tesla Model S rivaling a range of more than 380 miles (over 600 km) could be the perfect solution to a market revival.
Chevy Impala 2023 Release Date And Price
We anticipate that the base price of the new Chevy Impala 2023 model will increase from $ 27,000 for the current model to $30,000 or more. And we don't have the official release date from Chevrolet because of COVID-19, a pandemic.
Gallery of Chevy Impala 2023 Specs, Interior, Price
Categories Sedan Tags Chevy Impala 2023 Colors, Chevy Impala 2023 Interior, Chevy Impala 2023 Price, Chevy Impala 2023 Review, Chevy Impala 2023 Specs Post navigation
2023 Chevrolet Trailblazer SS Specs, Price, Release Date
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Jenkins plugin development has been slowed down for some weeks, due to Mongo plugin and professional matters.
I have been thinking about using the Event Log for the RSS feed. Event Log has been introduced in the Intellij 11. This kind of Notification Center is a nice feature that allows the user not to be disturbed by some information sent by the IDE.
To use it, I will have to stop making the plugin compatible with IntelliJ 10.
I will also implement multiple server configurations. With the experience I gained with the Mongo plugin development, it will be easy to make it. The UI will be redesigned to make it more lighter and usable.


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Last Call for Entries - World Changing Ideas Award 19 Sep 2007
New York - Saatchi & Saatchi Worldwide announces that September 28, 2007 will be the cut-off date and last call for entries for its World Changing Ideas Award.
The global award, formerly known as the Saatchi & Saatchi Award for Innovation in Communication, is made biennially by Saatchi & Saatchi. The Award attracts an incredibly broad range of entries and was created to recognise brilliant thinking, to bring it to the world's attention and to reward the most outstanding innovation with a prize worth $100,000.
Who Can Enter What
Submissions are welcome from innovators around the world, from individuals, academic institutions, charitable foundations and companies, right up to global corporations.
Ideas may be scientific, linguistic, artistic, technological. They may be hi-tech, lo-tech or no-tech. Ideas may be in prototype, the finished thing or merely a compelling concept.
The 2006 winners were two students at Royal College of Art of London responsible for developing Concrete Canvas, rapidly deployable hardened shelters for victims of natural or man-made disasters.
Previous finalists have ranged from a tornado early-warning system, self-adjusting spectacles, a sonar system that enables the visually-impaired to 'see' with their ears, a compound that can replicate the sensitivity of human skin, a new kind of aeroplane, a storage system for the world's languages and viable electric lighting for the developing world.
Shortlisted ideas will be judged by a high profile panel of judges, who are no strangers to innovation themselves. Previous judges include Buzz Aldrin, Chris Anderson, Laurie Anderson, David Byrne, Brian Eno, Danny Hillis, Baz Luhrmann, John Maeda, Lou Reed and Oliviero Toscani - to name a few. Edward de Bono has judged all previous competitions and presents his own Medal For Thinking to one of the finalists.
Judges will select the idea that, in their view, has the potential to provide the greatest communication benefit to the greatest number of people or to a group of people with a particular need.
It costs nothing to enter the Saatchi & Saatchi Award for World Changing Ideas, but winning the prize could change your world.
For an entry pack and more information visit: www.saatchi.com/innovation
Lynne Collins
Samantha DiGennaro


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GERB Vibration Control Systems Floating Slab Track Systems
GERB Schwingungsisolierungen (Vibration Control Systems) designs and produces vibration isolation and noise control systems.
Vibration control systems
GERB's involvement in trackbed isolation and the design of its floating trackbed systems was the logical result of earlier activities in other areas of vibration control. The company's systems consist of helical steel springs and VISCODAMPERS® if required.
Over the last century, GERB has developed, influenced or accompanied all major new applications in vibration control, including the elastic support of some of the largest steam turbines in the world.
Machinery and equipment, including earthquake-shaking tables, rocket test stands and even entire buildings, are today supported on GERB elastic support systems.
GERB floating slab track (FST) systems
GERB floating slab track systems are successfully installed in tunnels, above ground and on elevated rail tracks. Different types of springs and spring elements are available to meet the requirements set by the site conditions and by the type of train.
The spring-supported GERB system consists of either a simple concrete slab with direct rail fixing or a trough-type cross-section with a ballast bed and spring elements embedded in the slab or placed in recesses below or along the outside of the trackbed.
EBS elements are installed similar to elastomeric bearings through centred openings in recesses located below the rail. They offer all the advantages of the spring-supported systems for a cost-effective price.
KY elements are used where there is side access to lateral recesses. The spacing of these elements is about 3m to 5m. This element type provides a greater load capacity due to the greater number of spring sets inside the housing.
GSI elements are fully integrated inside the slab and consist of a cylindrical housing and a spring unit. They are preferably installed in floating slab tracks in tunnels with narrow conditions. The integrated jacking system enables a cost-effective construction of the slab direct on the invert. Expensive or time wasting formwork or epoxy up-stands are not required. The permanent access from above enables adjustments of the floating slab track system without interrupting the train operation.
Advantages of GERB's FST systems
Incorporating GERB floating slab track systems has numerous advantages, including:
Flexibility to different applications
Highest insertion loss at reasonable prices and substantial cost savings in construction, installation and maintenance
Simple slab construction that does not require bottom formwork
Spring elements generally do not require maintenance, are fatigue proof and designed for high longevity
Steel spring systems provide the highest attenuation levels (35dB-40dB)
Railway engineering services
In addition to floating slab track systems, GERB also provides a range of services for the railway industry, including:
Design and manufacture of vibration control systems
Design of spring-supported structures, including static and dynamic analysis
Preparation of site drawings
Supervision of system installations and inspection
Vibration measurements
Past installations
GERB has installed more than 280km of its FST systems in metro and railway networks worldwide, such as:
Tram lines in Stuttgart, Bochum, Heidelberg (Germany) and Basle (Switzerland)
Heavy rail tracks in Sao Paolo and Brazilia (Brazil) and Puchon (Korea)
High speed track (TGV) in Chonan (Korea)
Light rail track in London (UK), Berlin (Germany) and Santa Monica, Los Angeles (US)
Passenger-transfer-system at Frankfurt International Airport (Germany)
Metro lines in Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei, Suzhou and Hangzhou (China)
About GERB
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The 1937 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Pop Warner, the team compiled a 3–2–4 record and was outscored by a total of 59 to 38. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.

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text:
Men's Basketball / February 7, 2014
Can Iowa Respond Again?
By JAMES ALLAN
hawkeyesports.com
IOWA CITY, Iowa — University of Iowa head men's basketball coach Fran McCaffery is confident the Hawkeyes can respond Saturday against No. 10/16 Michigan because his team as done it before.
"This will be a big test, we're playing the first-place team in the league, but we haven't lost two games in a row all year," McCaffery said during a Friday teleconference. "We've responded every time we've been beaten.
"I like our professionalism in terms of our approach to losses in how we respond in practice and film sessions. Everybody stays positive, so we'll see."
Iowa has lost its last two home games against No. 6/7 Michigan State and No. 25 Ohio State, but that doesn't send McCaffery into a panic. Instead he keeps pushing forward.
"You don't panic, you keep coaching them up," said McCaffery. "You keep teaching, trying to get better, watching film and getting on the floor. And you can't overanalyze. You can argue that we're not the best 3-point shooting team in the country, but we don't normally shoot 3-of-20."
Iowa lost the first meeting against Michigan, 75-67, on Jan. 22 in Ann Arbor, Mich. The Wolverines are in the midst of a stretch where they have won 11-of-12 games with the lone loss coming at Indiana, 63-52, on Feb. 2. Michigan blasted Nebraska, 79-50, their last time out on Feb. 5.
McCaffery says the Wolverines may have the most weapons of any team in the Big Ten. Case in point Michigan's leading scorer Nik Stauskas. The guard averages 17.3 points per game, but was limited to a single field goal in the last two contests. He scored 27 in the first matchup against the Hawkeyes.
"When you take a team's leading scorer and he has put winning above everything else, that says a lot about him and (head coach) John (Beilein) and the culture they have," said McCaffery. "They have a very unselfish team and any game, you can pick 7-or-8 guys that can be their leading scorer."
McCaffery senses the Hawkeyes are a confident group despite losing 2-of-3 games — both coming in Iowa City.
"If you look at our season so far, even in our losses, we have played very well in stretches," said McCaffery. "We've haven't gotten beaten badly by anybody. Free throw shooting has been a problem at times, but we haven't "mistaked our way" into bad losses. You have to be realistic and continue to try and get better."
Saturday's game will be televised on ESPN and will tip at 1:05 p.m. (CT). Bob Wischusen and Dan Dakich will be on the call.


On any day, any of the three acts who performed at this year's Vodafone African Legends Night will give you a show of a lifetime.
Individually, Kojo Antwi, Daddy Lumba and Samini never fail to give patrons of any show a performance of a lifetime.
Now imagine having the three on one stage? That's what happened at the 2018 edition of the Vodafone African Legends Night at the Kempinski Hotel on Saturday night.
The three Ghanaian legends were simply in their elements on the night. They each took turns rocked the hundreds of music lovers who turned up for the event.
In its 7th Edition, the Vodafone African Legends Night is an event that celebrates great music acts from the African continent. It also creates a platform where these legends have a direct encounter with their fans.
Over the years, African Legends Night has celebrated musical icons. Notable performers include South Africa's legend and first headliner Hugh Masekela, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Kanda Bongo Man, Femi Kuti, Freddy Meiway, Gyedu Blay Ambulley, Amakye Dede, Saxophonist Steve Bedi, Ben Brako as well as a blend of artistes across Africa.
Opening the show this year was the indigenous Ga band, Wulomei. They took patrons back to their root with great old tunes.
When the Maestro, 'Mr Music Man' Kojo Antwi took the stage, the dancing floor was chocked with patrons as he thrilled them to an impressive repertoire of smash hits from reggae, highlife and other genres.
The music legend performed songs such as 'Emrika', 'Music Man', 'Tom and Jerry', and 'Medofo Pa'.
Kojo Antwi brought his energy and simply shook the house for over an hour with nonstop music as the crowd sang along.
Next was Samini, who stepped up the tempo. The 'Reggae and Dancehall' act, who humbly considers himself as a young legend, was on fire!
He dished out hit songs like 'Linda' to 'Iskoki', 'Gyae Shi', 'My Own', 'Where My Baby Dey', to his new tune 'Obaa'.
Samini also performed songs of Nana Kwame Ampadu, Bob Marley to pay homage to them for their contribution to music.
On his 54th birthday on the night of the show, Daddy Lumba gave out something special. He gave the fans the opportunity to sing their favourite Lumba songs backed by himself.
He was presented with a special cake by the organizers, Global Media Alliance and headline sponsor, Vodafone joined by Former First Lady Nana Konadu Agyemang Rawlings.
Ending the show, Lumba thanked Ghanaians for supporting him and Ghanaian Music.


Directed and written by M. Night Shyamalan, Glass is an American Sci-Fi thriller. It is the third and final instalment of the Unbreakable series. In this movie, David Dunn (Bruce Willis) and Kevin Wendell Crumb (James McAvoy) end up in a mental institution after a brutal fight. In the same asylum, David's sworn enemy Mr. Glass (Samuel L. Jackson) is also kept captive, who uses his ways to create a series of escalating encounters between David and Kevin. Dr. Ellie Staple (Sarah Paulson) is the head doctor who is trying to hide the existence of superhumans from the world. The movie appeals to audiences for its originality and a genius winding climax.


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text:
Matter of Juzwiak
In re Tauber
Union Planters Bank, N.A. v. Connors, 283 F.3d 896, 901 (7th Cir. 2002) (citing,In re Hacker, 90 B.R. 994,…
In re Fink
Indeed, a discharge is only for the honest debtor. Grogan v. Garner, 498 U.S. 279, 286-87 (1991); McWilliams,…
Full title:IN THE MATTER OF: MALEN A. JUZWIAK, Debtor-Appellant
Court:United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
89 F.3d 424 (7th Cir. 1996)
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
holding that it was error for bankruptcy court to require creditors to reconstruct the history by requesting documents from customers and through reliance on debtor's oral testimony
Summary of this case from In re Bowman
See 19 Summaries
ARGUED MARCH 28, 1996
DECIDED JULY 15, 1996
Christine Renee Hasart Olsen (argued), Byrne, Goyke, Olsen Tillisch, Wausau, WI, for Malen A. Juzwiak.
Daniel E. Dunn (argued), Fitzpatrick, Smyth, Dunn Fitzpatrick, LaCrosse, WI, for Cargill, Inc.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
No. 95 C 463
Barbara B. Crabb, Judge.
Before BAUER, ESCHBACH, and FLAUM, Circuit Judges.
FLAUM, Circuit Judge.
Malen Juzwiak, who filed for bankruptcy in August of 1994, appeals the district court's decision to deny the discharge of a $200,000 debt he owes to Cargill, Inc. The district court, reversing the bankruptcy court, denied the discharge pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 727(a)(3), finding that Juzwiak failed to keep or preserve records adequately disclosing his business transactions. We affirm the district court's decision.
Malen Juzwiak operated a trucking business from 1988 to 1993. He predominantly hauled grain, which he purchased from about five suppliers, including Cargill, and resold to approximately three buyers. At its largest, Juzwiak's business owned three trucks and employed two other drivers. Although Juzwiak did not require many employees, the grain sale transactions he engaged in involved substantial sums of money. The business reported over five million dollars in sales on its 1993 income tax return.
Juzwiak began purchasing grain from Cargill — on credit — in January of 1993. At Cargill's request, Juzwiak submitted a financial statement purporting to show the financial condition of Juzwiak Trucking in August of 1993. The figures Juzwiak submitted to Cargill for the business' accounts receivable balance and checking account balance were not substantiated and were apparently significantly higher than the actual balances reflected in the records. In addition, Juzwiak did not disclose on the statement a restitution debt of approximately $87,000 that he owed. By October of 1993, Juzwiak had "bounced" several checks to Cargill due to insufficient funds. When Cargill closed Juzwiak's account in November, the outstanding balance was $203,714.92. Soon after, Juzwiak Trucking went out of business and Juzwiak filed a personal bankruptcy. Juzwiak sought to have his debt to Cargill discharged. Cargill objected on the basis of sec. 727(a)(3), claiming Juzwiak had failed to keep adequate records.
Juzwiak ran his business through a single checking account. He testified that he deposited all grain sale proceeds into the account and made all grain purchases with funds from the account. Juzwiak, however, occasionally used the account for paying personal expenses. Additionally, after writing several bad checks to Cargill in October of 1993, Juzwiak opened a new checking account and ceased depositing any funds into the overdrawn account. Juzwiak testified that he was able to track sales through checking account deposit slips and expenses through duplicate copies of checks. He stated that at the end of each year he would categorize his expenses and income from his canceled checks and deposit slips, summarize the information in a notebook, and turn it all over to his income tax preparer.
The records that were supplied to Juzwiak's creditors during the bankruptcy process consisted of checking account ledgers, canceled checks, deposit slips, bank statements, and a 1993 income tax return. The notebook summaries were not disclosed. Juzwiak's records do not reflect the source of the funds deposited into the account. In other words, the deposit slips do not identify who the money came from, nor do they indicate how much grain was purchased at what price. The documentation also fails to disclose which business supplied the grain sold. In addition, the records do not include substantiation of Juzwiak's business expenses and his checks to grain suppliers do not detail how much grain was purchased at what price. Further, Juzwiak submitted no records documenting employee payroll deductions or payroll taxes.
The bankruptcy court found that there was no evidence refuting Juzwiak's claim that all grain sales and purchases went through the checking account. The district court, however, modified this factual determination to the much more narrow finding that it was Juzwiak's practice to place grain sale proceeds into the account. The district court made this modification after Cargill pointed out on appeal that the amount of gross sales reported on Juzwiak Trucking's 1993 income tax return was almost one million dollars more than the total amount of money deposited into the business checking account. For whatever reason, this discrepancy was not brought to the attention of the bankruptcy court. Although the district court discussed the difference in income, it does not appear that it factored this difference into its analysis, as the court noted that it would have found Juzwiak's records inadequate even without any evidence of a discrepancy.
At the trial before the bankruptcy court, two expert accountants testified regarding the adequacy of Juzwiak's records. Gerald Nelson, Juzwiak's expert and an accountant for twenty-three years for many small businesses and trucking companies, testified that many of his clients keep records in a method similar to that used by Juzwiak. He stated that generally the records produced through this method are sufficient to prepare financial statements and accurate tax returns. He did admit, however, that his trucking clients typically retained invoices of their grain sales and their expenses and that the Internal Revenue Code actually requires such invoices to substantiate expenses and sales.
Frank Gillette, Cargill's expert and an accountant with fifteen years of experience, testified that after reviewing Juzwiak's records, it appeared that the checking account was used for a mix of business and personal expenses. He also noted that Juzwiak's records were deficient in that they did not disclose who purchased the grain, how much was purchased at what price, who supplied the grain at what price, or how much inventory Juzwiak held at any particular time. In addition, he stated that there were no records to substantiate Juzwiak's reported expenses. Gillette also testified, based on his experience, that similar clients kept records substantiating expenses and typically retained invoices of sales. He admitted that he had not spoken with Juzwiak and therefore could not say whether additional information from Juzwiak would cure the defects in the records. Gillette finally commented that in his accounting career, he had never seen such an extensive lack of records.
Testimony at trial also revealed that prior to running his own trucking business, Juzwiak was a manager for five years of an International Harvester dealership, which had ten employees including a full-time bookkeeper. He was also co-owner of a business that sold and installed farm equipment. He kept the books for this business for about one year before reassigning the task to another employee. Immediately after finishing high school and one year of technical training, Juzwiak briefly worked as a bookkeeper in a farm equipment business, but was transferred to the parts department because he could not handle the position.
Following trial, the bankruptcy court granted Juzwiak a discharge of his debt to Cargill, finding there were sufficient records under sec. 727(a)(3). Important to the court's decision was its conclusion that a reconstruction of Juzwiak's business transactions could be accomplished if the creditors hired an accountant to sit down with Juzwiak, whom the court believed could orally identify the sources of most of the checks. The bankruptcy court also emphasized that there was no evidence that Juzwiak destroyed or concealed any records, which the court determined was the "main thrust" of sec. 727(a)(3). On appeal, the district court reversed the bankruptcy court's decision, determining that the bankruptcy court's decision was based upon a "misconception of the law." The district court therefore denied the discharge of Juzwiak's debt to Cargill.
Juzwiak argues on appeal that the district court erred in finding his records were not sufficient to allow a discharge. We review a bankruptcy court's factual findings for clear error, while we review de novo the bankruptcy and district court's conclusions of law. Matter of Love, 957 F.2d 1350, 1354 (7th Cir. 1992).
As an initial matter, Juzwiak argues that the district court erred in considering the discrepancy between the sales income reported on his 1993 tax return and the income deposited into the business checking account during the same time frame. He argues that the discrepancy was not raised in the bankruptcy court and therefore the issue was waived by Cargill and should not factor into review. Generally, it is true that an argument will not be considered on appeal if it was not presented to the trial court. See Teumer v. General Motors Corp., 34 F.3d 542, 545-46 (7th Cir. 1994). In this case, though, we are inclined to agree with the district court that the discrepancy is merely tangible evidence of an argument pursued by Cargill at all levels of review — that Juzwiak's records were inadequate. And in light of this evidence, which was in the record before the bankruptcy court — though it was not highlighted — the bankruptcy court's factual finding that all grain sale proceeds were deposited into the checking account could be considered clearly erroneous. Therefore the district court's modification of that determination does not appear problematic. In the end, however, we need not actually decide whether the discrepancy should be considered, as we agree with the district court that regardless of any discrepancy, Juzwiak's records are inadequate under sec. 727(a)(3).
Section 727(a) of the Bankruptcy Code provides that a Chapter 7 debtor is entitled to a discharge unless one of eight specified conditions is met. Consistent with the "fresh start" policy underlying the Code, these exceptions to discharge should be construed strictly against the creditor and liberally in favor of the debtor. See In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. 694, 697 (Bankr. E.D.N.Y. 1991); In re Frommann, 153 B.R. 113, 116 (Bankr. E.D.N.Y. 1993); In re Rusnak, 110 B.R. 771, 776 (Bankr. W.D. Pa. 1990). It is also important, however, to recognize that a discharge in bankruptcy is a privilege, not a right, and should only inure to the benefit of the honest debtor. In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 116; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 697; In re Morando, 116 B.R. 14, 15 (Bankr. D. Mass. 1990). Under 11 U.S.C. § 727(a)(3), the court shall grant a discharge, unless:
the debtor has concealed, destroyed, mutilated, falsified, or failed to keep or preserve any recorded information, including books, documents, records, and papers, from which the debtor's financial condition or business transactions might be ascertained, unless such act or failure to act was justified under all of the circumstances of the case. . . .
Section 727(a)(3) requires as a precondition to discharge that debtors produce records which provide creditors "with enough information to ascertain the debtor's financial condition and track his financial dealings with substantial completeness and accuracy for a reasonable period past to present." In re Martin, 141 B.R. 986, 995 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1992); In re Kearns, 149 B.R. 189, 190-91 (Bankr. D. Kan. 1992); see also Meridian Bank v. Alten, 958 F.2d 1226, 1230 (3d Cir. 1992); In re Cox, 904 F.2d 1399, 1402 (9th Cir. 1990). The provision ensures that trustees and creditors will receive sufficient information to enable them to "trace the debtor's financial history; to ascertain the debtor's financial condition; and to reconstruct the debtor's financial transactions." In re Martin, 141 B.R. at 995; see also In re Shapiro, 59 B.R. 844, 848 (Bankr. E.D.N.Y 1991); In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 697; In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 116. Records need not be kept in any special manner, nor is there any rigid standard of perfection in record-keeping mandated by sec. 727(a)(3). Meridian Bank, 958 F.2d at 1230; In re Underhill, 82 F.2d 258, 259-60 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 299 U.S. 546 (1936); In re Zell, 108 B.R. 615, 627 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1989); In re Schultz, 71 B.R. 711, 717 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1987); In re Graham, 111 B.R. 801 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 1990). On the other hand, courts and creditors should not be required to speculate as to the financial history or condition of the debtor, nor should they be compelled to reconstruct the debtor's affairs. In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 117; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 698; In re Shapiro, 59 B.R. at 848.
Under the principles set forth above, we find that Juzwiak's records do not satisfy his burden to keep and preserve records under sec. 727(a)(3). The records furnished by Juzwiak — checking account ledgers, canceled checks, bank statements, and a 1993 income tax return — do not enable Cargill to reconstruct Juzwiak's grain sale transactions or to track his financial dealings for any period of time with any degree of completeness or accuracy. See In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 697; In re Martin, 141 B.R. at 995. Primarily, this is because the deposit slips and other checking account records do not disclose the source of the funds deposited and additionally because there is no substantiation of expenses. The bankruptcy court found that the source of deposits was not recorded or determinable from the records disclosed. Without invoices detailing how much grain was sold to whom for how much and where the grain came from, Cargill was left to speculate as to what happened to the grain it sold to Juzwiak, as well as to the nature and composition of Juzwiak's other grain sale transactions. This is not acceptable under sec. 727(a)(3). Additionally, Cargill was hindered in verifying and tracing Juzwiak's disbursement of funds, since there was no documentation substantiating or explaining his expenses and no payroll records. This process was further complicated because Juzwiak occasionally paid personal expenses out of the business account. Although Juzwiak did furnish a lot of paper to Cargill and the court, the disorder and nature of the records did not allow meaningful reconstruction of Juzwiak's business transactions. In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 118; see also In re Pimipinella, 133 B.R. at 699.
Many courts faced with checking account records, canceled checks, deposit slips, bank statements, and tax returns as the sole documentation of a debtor's financial history and condition have determined that such records are inadequate under sec. 727(a)(3). See, e.g., In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 117-18 (carton of bills, checks, bank statements, closing statements and tax returns insufficient to determine debtor's financial condition); Vetri v. Meadowbrook Mall Company, 174 B.R. 143, 146 (M.D. Fla. 1994) (bank statements, canceled checks and deposit slips not identifying source of funds inadequate); In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 696-698; In re Schultz, 71 B.R. at 717; In re Morando, 116 B.R. at 15; In re Shapiro, 59 B.R. at 848; In re Vandewoestyne, 174 B.R. 518, 522-23 (Bankr. C.D. Ill. 1994). We recognize that in some situations (such as where there is no business activity involved or the number of transactions is extremely limited) the type of records submitted by Juzwiak may be sufficient to enable creditors to trace financial transactions and evaluate the debtor's financial condition. See, e.g., In re Becker, 74 B.R. 233, 236-37 (Bankr. E.D. Tenn. 1987) (bank statements and canceled checks in addition to detailed spreadsheets prepared by accountant sufficient). The instant case, however, clearly does not involve such a situation. Juzwiak ran a business enterprise engaged in a steady stream of large scale transactions involving substantial sums of money.
The bankruptcy court determined that Juzwiak's records were sufficient under sec. 727(a)(3). This conclusion was based on the court's finding that Juzwiak's financial transactions could be constructed from the records submitted if the creditors hired an accountant to go over the records with Juzwiak. The bankruptcy court stated:
The deposit slips don't generally show the source of funds. But Mr. Juzwiak later testified that he would be able to go through the records and identify various checks and so on. . . . So I feel that pretty much all of those deposits probably could have been identified if a creditor went or a trustee went to the length of hiring an accountant to make an actual reconstruction or compilation.
The bankruptcy court essentially found that substantial records were available and that a financial history could be constructed if Cargill had an accountant organize the documents and speak to Juzwiak to obtain any missing information. We do not find this factual finding to be clearly erroneous; rather, we agree with the district court that the legal conclusion drawn from this finding, i.e., that sec. 727(a)(3) is satisfied, is based on several misconceptions of the law.
First, the burden is not on the creditor to organize and reconstruct the debtor's business affairs. See Frommann, 153 B.R. at 117-18; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 698; In re Morando, 116 B.R. at 16; In re Shapiro, 59 B.R. at 848. The debtor has the duty to maintain and retain comprehensible records. In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 118; In re Vandewoestyne, 174 B.R. at 522. Creditors are not required "to sift through documents and attempt to reconstruct the flow of the debtor's assets." In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 118; In re Pimipinella, 133 B.R. at 699; see also In re Morando, 116 B.R. at 16; In re Hughes, 873 F.2d 262, 264 (11th Cir. 1989). As we stated in another context, in referencing sec. 727(a)(3):
Creditors should not be forced to undertake an independent investigation of a debtor's affairs; rather they have a right to be `supplied with dependable information on which they can rely in tracing a debtor's financial history.' Section 727 makes complete financial disclosure a `condition precedent' to the privilege of discharge. . . ."
United States v. Ellis, 50 F.3d 419, 425 (7th Cir.) (internal citations omitted), cert. denied, 116 S.Ct. 143 (1995). Therefore, the bankruptcy court erred in holding sec. 727(a)(3) was satisfied because Cargill could have organized Juzwiak's records, hired an accountant, and interviewed Juzwiak or obtained missing information from Juzwiak's customers.
Juzwiak argues that if we affirm the district court's decision and deny Juzwiak a discharge, "just about every small business" and unsophisticated businessperson would be precluded from obtaining a discharge because they cannot afford to hire a bookkeeper or an accountant. However, our decision today simply requires businesses to maintain adequate invoices of sales along with documentation substantiating business expenses. This does not require an accountant or a bookkeeper. The debtor must merely keep the primary documents disclosing his business transactions. Both expert accountants testified that even their small clients typically keep such records, and that, in fact, the IRS requires such documentation. Thus, Juzwiak's argument does not give us pause.
In addition, the bankruptcy court erred in requiring Cargill to rely on Juzwiak's unsubstantiated oral testimony regarding the source of the funds deposited and the details of certain disbursements. Cargill was entitled to written documentation of these important pieces of information. See In re Rusnak 110 B.R. at 776; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 698; In re Schultz, 71 B.R. at 716; In re Shapiro, 59 B.R. at 848 ("the trustee and creditors are therefore not required to take the debtor's word as to his financial situation"); In re Kearns, 149 B.R. at 191. Oral testimony is not a valid substitute or supplement for concrete written records. As the court in In re Rusnak explained:
It is not enough that Debtor merely recite from records ostensibly "kept in his head" and detail from memory what transactions he engaged in and how the funds were dissipated. Records of substantial completeness and accuracy are necessary in order that they may be checked against Debtor's oral statements. Creditors, in other words, are not required to rely on a debtor's oral representations concerning these matters without also having some independent means of substantiating such representations.
110 B.R. at 776 (emphasis in original) (internal citations omitted). Juzwiak was not entitled to substitute oral testimony for the written documentation that was missing from his records.
Finally, the bankruptcy court's decision seemed heavily influenced by the fact that there was no evidence that Juzwiak had concealed or destroyed any records. The court found the destruction or concealment of existing records was the "main thrust of sec. 727(a)(3)" and noted several times that there did not appear to be any showing of an attempt to conceal records. Although the ultimate goal of sec. 727(a)(3) is to distinguish between the honest debtor, who should be granted the privilege of discharge, and the abusive or unworthy debtor, who does not deserve such a benefit, see In re Rusnak, 110 B.R. at 775; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 697; In re Martin, 141 B.R. at 995, creditors do not need to prove that the debtor intended to defraud them in order to demonstrate a sec. 727(a)(3) violation. In re Martin, 141 B.R. at 995; In re Kearns, 149 B.R. at 191; In re Pimpinella, 133 B.R. at 697 ("Intent to conceal information is not necessary to support a denial of discharge under 727(a)(3)); In re Morando, 116 B.R. at 16; In re Frommann, 153 B.R. at 116. Therefore, we conclude that the bankruptcy court erred as a matter of law in finding Juzwiak's records adequate under sec. 727(a)(3). We find the records insufficient to disclose Juzwiak's financial transactions, and since Juzwiak has offered no justification for this insufficiency, we conclude that he is not entitled to a discharge of the debt he owes to Cargill. We thus AFFIRM the decision of the district court.
holding that chaotic and piece-meal records were insufficient to determine financial history
Summary of this case from In re Wazeter
holding that the creditor was not required to hire an accountant or obtain missing information from the debtor's customers in order to construct the debtor's financial history
Summary of this case from Hill v. King (In re King)
holding that checking account ledgers, cancelled checks, bank statements, and tax returns do not enable creditors to track financial dealings with any degree of accuracy, as these types of records do not disclose the sources of funds or substantiate expenses
Summary of this case from Deangelis v. Von Kiel (In re Von Kiel)
Summary of this case from In re Jackson
Summary of this case from Gray v. Jackson (In re Jackson)
holding that the debtor's inadequacy of records produced is unacceptable under 11 U.S.C. § 727 if it forces creditors, the trustee, and the court to speculate as to the debtor's financial condition
Summary of this case from In re Jones
denying discharge because there was no proof of payroll records
Summary of this case from Hobbs v. Roberts (In re Roberts)
Summary of this case from Lowry v. Croft (In re Croft)
denying discharge where debtor had six years industry experience
Summary of this case from In re Flickinger
affirming district court's denial of discharge of debt; holding, where debtor presented checking account ledgers, canceled checks, bank statements, and tax return, bankruptcy court erred in "requiring [creditor] to rely on [debtor's] unsubstantiated oral testimony regarding the source of funds deposited and the details of certain disbursements"
Summary of this case from Bracco v. Leintz
affirming the district court's reversal of the bankruptcy court, whose decision to grant the debtor a discharge "seemed heavily influenced by the fact that there was no evidence that [the debtor] had concealed or destroyed any records"
Summary of this case from Hunt v. Steffensen (In re Steffensen)
In Matter of Juzwiak, 89 F.3d 424, 427 (7th Cir. 1996). If the bankruptcy judge correctly states the law, then "his findings as to whether the facts meet the legal standard will be disturbed only if they are clearly erroneous."
Summary of this case from Hoseman v. Weinschneider
In Matter of Juzwiak, 89 F.3d 424,427 (7th Cir. 1996). If the bankruptcy judge correctly states the law, then "his findings as to whether the facts meet the legal standard will be disturbed only if they are clearly erroneous.
Summary of this case from Hoseman v. Weinschneider, Geiser
checking account ledgers, canceled checks, bank statements, and income tax returns were insufficient to reconstruct a debtor's financial condition without the source of funds and substantiation of expenses when personal and business expenses were commingled
Summary of this case from Martinez v. Sears (In re Sears)
checking account ledgers, canceled checks, bank statements, and an income tax return for a single year for debtor's business insufficient to satisfy § 727 because the records "did not disclose the source of the funds deposited and additionally because there is no substantiation of expenses"
Summary of this case from Pu v. Mitsopoulos (In re Mitsopoulos)
noting that "a debtor cannot simply place sacks of records before the bankruptcy judge or trustee" and ask that he try to reconstruct the debtor's financial situation
Summary of this case from In re Costello


When Boston Children's Hospital hired Wise Construction to renovation nearly 400 rooms in occupied space throughout 15 floors of 4 different buildings, we knew our planning and coordination skills would be the key to successfully completing the most logistically challenging project the hospital has undertaken. The Ambulatory Enhancement Project consisted of approximately 140,000 SF of renovations, including 220 exam rooms, 120 offices, 38 bathrooms and 12 waiting rooms with associated corridors. In order to keep the hospital fully operational throughout construction, Wise devised a multi-phased plan completing all work off-hours, two rooms at a time per floor. Various corridor upgrades were completed in a single overnight shift so that no shutdowns of the space were required. Keeping the project on track with its 14 month schedule took immense coordination with the hospital's project management staff and user groups. Many owner requested modifications required quick thinking and flexibility in order to meet turnover dates. To ensure complete cost, schedule and quality control, Wise self-performed demolition, labor, drywall, framing, millwork and other specialties.


Educated in physics and chemistry, he has brought a combination of technological interests to his multimedia arts which have spanned over 5 decades.
His works in Avant-Garde Films continue to be exhibited internationally. His works in Historical - critical - biographical media subjects continue to be added to with new publications and interviews internationally.
His recent projects include holographic displays, 4D holographic motion-picture prototypes, stereoscopic 3D video art short subjects.
A new focus of work is the restoration, curating, preservation and exhibition - critical writings on the historical works that comprise the Sharon McCormack Collection & Archives of which Al Razutis is the exclusive and designated archivist, preservationist, curator and administrator (Trustee). This collection includes historical works from San Francisco Multiplex Company, San Francisco School of Holography, and independent works by Sharon McCormack and her collaborators 1970's - 1990's.
Previous projects by Razutis include a 2014 presentation of holographic projection and holographic art in Lanzhou, China to Gansu Province government officials and media, 2010 speech-interactive 3D interactive avatars in kiosk display for 2010 Winter Olympics Secretariat commissioned exhibitions and a variety of internationally exhibitted art works. .
His multimedia art and avant-garde works are contained and updated at Visual Alchemy on the web (1996-2019) on-line studio and archives site. He is also sharing his historical holographic works for sale/lease Holographic Art Sales - Lease which are also available for exhibition and study.
His films and media works continue to be exhibited internationally, including a 2014 screening of invited work to Louvre Auditorium, Paris. His motion-picture film art works are in international collections, including the Museum of Contemporary Art - Pompidou, Paris, France; his works are archived by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences in Hollywood, USA and the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. His stereoscopic 3D film works were honored by a show at the Louvre, Paris in 1997, and later retroscpective film screenings in Europe and Korea. His holographic works in the arts of holography have spanned over 40 years and have been internationally exhibited.
He has been creating and exhibiting avant-garde and documentary films and video since the late sixties, and has created holographic displays and art since the early 70's, and web virtual reality and stereoscopic 3D video art since the 90's. During this time he developed custom-made film optical printing, video synthesizer, holographic recording and imaging technologies used in his published and exhibited works. He is a 'hands on' creator and technical innovator who freely acknowledges those 60's - 70's innovators (Moog, Buchla, Whitney, Brakhage, Cross, Benton and others) in the technologies and the arts that influenced his creativities.
He created the first holographic art studio in Canada (Visual Alchemy) and brought holographic art to Canadian audiences for the first time in the late 70's (including an exhibition in Ottawa on Canada Day, organized by Lorraine Monk and opened by then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau). His holographic works have been internationally exhibited ever since.
During the 80's he was a tenured Associate Professor at Simon Fraser University, and headed a film and video department of production and film studies that steadily produced nationally recognized student achievements. He is a past publisher of two periodicals on film ('Opsis - Journal of Avant-Garde and Political cinema') and holography ('Wavefront'), and has invented / developed a number of film, video, holographic and 3D imaging techniques for art and exhibitions.
He created his first VR worlds with video textures in 1997 in co-production with the Banff Center for Media Arts and later created a number of VR art works independently. In the mid-90's he created a number of stereoscopic 3D video art works, which were exhibited in solo screenings in Vancouver, Portland, and in 1997 at the Louvre in Paris.
His Visual Alchemy studio and art archives are at: http://www.alchemists.com/visual_alchemy/.
Complete lists of published works by Al Razutis in all medias related to the arts and art history can be found at http://www.alchemists.com/visual_alchemy/resume-bio.html.


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We all love a cup of tea in the afternoon. Whether it is with a friend, your mom or by yourself, find out the best places for afternoon tea in Camden with our Top 10 Afternoon Teas!
One of London's greatest landmarks, St Pancras Renaissance Hotel is a Victorian Gothic masterpiece designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott which opened its doors in 1873.The building has now been restored to its former glory as a 5-star hotel, featuring glorious Gothic Revival metalwork, gold leaf ceilings and hand-stencilled wall designs.
Afternoon Tea is served in the magnificent Hansom Lounge which resonates with its rich rail history, offering a unique setting to indulge in a delicious Afternoon Tea.
You can enjoy a selection of savoury sandwiches, raspberry & dark chocolate scones and sweet treats such as an strawberry vanilla sable.
Our casual Afternoon Tea distills the essence of what Afternoon Tea should be: a time to sit and have a cuppa tea, enjoy the company of good friends and be surrounded by amazing cakes.
Started in 2009 and highly regarded by TimeOut London, Louis Vuitton City Guide, Financial Times and listed as one of The Independent's top 50 tea rooms in the UK, our afternoon tea can be enjoyed at St Pauls and Bloomsbury.
Sugar Tea Room - The mobile Tea Room that comes to you! You provide the venue, we provide everything else and clear up afterwards!
We also take our mobile tea room to events including food fairs, family fun days and markets in and around London.
Stop by York & Albany, the stylish Gordon Ramsay restaurant in Camden, for a delicious meal where you'll be spoilt for choice by the range of dishes on offer.
York & Albany provides all day dining, serving up a tasty menu of modern British food for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, and dinner. So you can even stick around all day and let us take care of all your meals for you – we guarantee you won't be left disappointed!
I'm addicted to cakes - I'm proud to say it! Whilst working as a Project Manager in the City I was always on the hunt for something sweet. In between meetings I ended up dashing to large chain coffee shops to get my sugar fix, but they just didn't cut it! I longed for cakes with that 'home baked' taste.
I started frequenting farmers' markets, and watched the emergence of small independent food producers who, like me, take taste very seriously. This combined with the sound of wedding bells and subsequent thoughts about some day starting a family of my own led me to thinking 'enough's enough!' I wanted my children to grow up tasting cakes like the ones my grandma used to make. So I finally took the plunge in 2005, I gave up my city job to set up Sweet Things and haven't looked back since!
It wasn't all plain sailing though! 7 years and 2 children later I've gone from manning a small cupcake stall (come rain or shine), baking for an incredibly loyal customer base FROM HOME, to securing clients like Fortnum & Mason and Selfridges… and now I can say "come to Sweet Things in Primrose Hill or in Notting Hill for some tea and cake just like my grandma used to make!"
The Hospitality Company is committed to Quaker values such as simplicity, truth, equality, peace and sustainability. This is why the environment is at the core of what we do. Green energy, local sourcing of produce, fair pricing and fair pay for staff are among the things which define us as an ethical company. As a Living Wage employer, we pay our staff above the London Living Wage. Those commitments embody "the friendly way".
Voted as the Best Contemporary Afternoon Tea in the UK, Rosewood London's Art Afternoon Tea is inspired by London's vibrant art scene featuring five of the most iconic modern artists including Yayoi Kusama, Damien Hirst, Alexander Calder, Banksy and Mark Rothko. Served within the elegant Mirror Room, our art-inspired afternoon tea includes a selection of mouth-watering finger sandwiches, freshly baked scones and loose leaf teas accompanied by an art-inspired pastries, created by Executive Pastry Chef, Mark Perkins.
In the grand tradition of Afternoon Tea, Hush's Gin & Jam Tea features classic teatime treats, including elegant finger sandwiches, warm scones with clotted cream and jam, macaroons and Earl Grey Crème br&ucirclée, served alongside a selection of artisan Loose Leaf Teas blended in France in collaboration with M.Jacobs.
The Great Court Restaurant is a refined dining experience with a casual feel. The open kitchen shows a glimpse of the chefs at work and we serve fresh, seasonal mains, afternoon tea and an exclusive exhibition-inspired menu. On Friday evenings, to coincide with the Museum's late opening, we also serve dinner.
Charlotte Street Hotel is a chic place to have Afternoon Tea. It is served all day long and can be taken in the Oscar bar and restaurant or the beautiful drawing room. There is a selection of both savoury and sweet menu items.
Free the night with LoveCamden's Nightly Northern Line Tips!
Perfect Valentine's locations within the borough.


This group class is perfect for people new to CrossFit or new to working out. You will be taught proper form and technique and we will have workouts ready for you each day. All you have to do is show up and be committed to getting fit. We will do the rest!
Try ROM WOD for 14 free days!
Updated daily, the CrossFit Journal is a multimedia fitness encyclopedia that can help you improve your performance as an athlete or trainer.
Subscribe for just $25 yearly to access our complete print, video and audio archives - plus new material added daily.
To help you get started, CrossFit is providing a FREE overview article from the CrossFit Journal (PDF format) titled "What is Fitness."
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Lovely 27 y.o. who desired fuller breast appearance. During the initial consultation we discussed the fact that she had a tight skin envelope which limits, somewhat, the size of the prosthesis that can be inserted. Yet the breast skin will stretch a bit with time. Taking these concerns into consideration, we compromised on the size of the implant that she desired (400+cc.) and settled on the one that I recommended (350cc.) . We were both very pleased with the results. Viewing her post op photos, you can see how the breast skin relaxed and implants settled to give her the look that made us both happy…. as well as her mom, who is thinking of having the same surgery!


I was lucky to see Reuben Stone on the fringe, the Edinburgh festival. He is a great musician and is rocking the street. If you have the chance to see him somewhere, go our and catch him, it is worth it. You don't see people so often who love music that much.


Pure lighting are very welcomed in tiny spaces. Thus, be sure that you put in major windows from the table location. However, if cannot, you can certainly do some window treatments to maximize the light to come in. By way of instance, you may use dividers to the windows. So you are able to put it in the daytime easily while giving you solitude.
The absolute most crucial light rule in smaller table will be to ensure it is remains in bright and light. Ensure that you install light features which create adequate lights to continue to keep your table in brighter air, for example LED lights.
in the event that you decide on a more formal table table, it is best in case you decide on upholstered chairs. Leather is always the ideal cloth for formal dining table. Utilize arm chair for the mind of the dining table and nice traditional style side chairs or maybe parson chairs for that remainder. Adirondack seats and arm seat is not necessary in casual dining area. Nonetheless, it is fine if you would like to upholster the chairs to get greater relaxation. Just make sure to opt for the right cloth. Try to avoid black colored leather therefore it's possible to continue to keep the casual style.
Next, you're able to easily find Vitamix for your alternative recommendation. In the event you try to discover professional blender, you are able to choose Vitamix blender. It supplies you with the products without maintenance and high performance. Ultimately, those are two references for your own 10 stylish diy side table ideas tutorials.
This 10 Stylish DIY Side Table Ideas Tutorials the gallery form Industrial End Table Diy. Hopefully you can find the best inspiration from our gallery here.


General FAQs - eFreedom .
Q: Do I lose access to everything on eFreedom University when I cancel?
A: Yes, you'll lose access to eFreedom.com and all courses when you cancel.
Q: Once I enroll where do I start?
A: Immediately after signing up with the eFreedom team, you'll receive an email Welcoming you to eFreedom and detailing the next steps. Within 24-hours of purchase you will get an email with your account login credentials and instructions on how to get started at eFreedom.com. Once you log in you can navigate through the resources and Checklist to set up or grade your Amazon Seller Account. Best part- you proceed at your own pace. The online platform, our customer support and emails will explain exactly what you should do to get started before attending your workshop.
If you are an Open Enrollment we will communicate the upcoming classes as they are scheduled.
Q: Can I change the event that I registered for?
A: Yes, you can change your event. Pull up the market doc and let them know the different options. If they reschedule make a note on the doc and also add them as a confirmed attendee to the new event. Make sure to ask if they will be bringing a guest.
A: Yes, you can, mark the cancellation on the markets doc. If you can try and get them registered for another event.
A: Yes, you can bring 1 guest over the age of 16.
Q: Will I need to bring anything with me?
A: No need, the lecturer will be presenting the whole time and there will be some time for questions at the end.
Q: How long will this event be?
A: The event is 90 mins long.
Q: Do you offer free parking or validation?
A: We do not offer parking validation. The best way to find out info regarding parking would be to contact the hotel prior to the event. If they need the hotel information, it can be found on the markets doc.
Q: Can children come to the event?
A: All attendees must be over the age of 16, this is because we do not want distract others from the presentation.
Q: Will I need a laptop or computer?
A: No, you will not need one for the presentation and there will not be any time at this event to look at individual accounts.
A: Please show up 30 minutes prior to the event to register and claim your seat.
Q: How do I register to win the free echo spot?
A: You will be automatically entered once you attend the free event.
Q: Will there be food and beverage served?
A: No there will not be any refreshments or food provided by us.
Q: How do I receive my free gift?
A: You will receive your free gift at the end of the event as long as you register with our staff. They will email you the gift.