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9 Things Everyone Should Know About Petty Theft Charges In California
CA Penal Code Sections 484 & 488
In this post, I will explain nine (9) things you should know about petty theft charges including the four different types of petty theft and how much needs to be taken for a prosecutor to charge someone with petty theft.
I will also cover how you or your attorney may approach defending against these charges.
Note: After the passage of Proposition 47, petty theft no longer covers shoplifting which is prosecuted under penal code 459.5.
In This Guide We'll Cover:
1. An Overview of Penal Code 484
2. Explanation of Petty Theft By False Pretense
3. Explanation of Petty Theft By Larceny
4. Petty Theft By Trick Explained
5. Difference Between Petty Theft & Grand Theft
6. Legal Defenses
7. Penalties For Petty Theft
8. Penalty Enhancements
9. Can You Expunge Petty Theft?
Overview Of Petty Theft Charges Under Penal Code 484 PC
The crime of petty theft is committed when:
The value of the property is $950 or less;
The property is not taken directly from the owner, such as from the person's clothing, body, or container held or carried by, the person (such as in a case of mugging or robbery);
California's law on petty theft, California penal code section 484(a) pc defines theft as the intentional and unlawful taking of the personal property of another1.
Watch this video to understand Penal Code 484
The property taken must not be any of the following types of property which is prosecuted under different code sections.
Automobile (which would charged under grand theft auto – PC 487(d)(1))
Fruit/nuts worth more than $250
Fish/shellfish/aquacultural products worth more than $250 when taken from a commercial fishery/research operation
What Types of Theft May Give Rise to Petty Theft Under Penal Code 484
Depending on the type of petty theft that took place, the elements the prosecutor must prove to convict a defendant will change.
The different types of petty theft include:
Theft by false pretense
Theft by larceny
Theft by trick
Theft by embezzlement
What Is Theft By False Pretense?2
Theft by false pretenses occurs when a defendant uses false pretense to convince the property owner to turn over possession and title/ownership of the property to the defendant.
Example Of Petty Theft By False Pretense
A man went into a shop and falsely claimed to be someone that he was not so that he could pick up a package that was not purchased by him.
Elements Required for a Conviction of Theft by False Pretense:
You knowingly and intentionally deceived a property owner by false or fraudulent representation or pretense;
You did so intending to persuade the owner, or the owner's agent, to let the defendant, or another person, take possession and ownership of the property;
The owner let you, or another person, take possession and ownership of the property because the owner, relied on the representation or pretense.
What Is Theft by Larceny (Penal Code Section 484):
A majority of petty theft cases involve theft by "larceny."
Example of Theft by Larceny
A man wakes up after a party at his home to discover that money was stolen from his wallet.
Elements to Convict a Defendant for Theft By Larceny Include the Following:
You took possession of property owned by someone else;
You took the property without the owner's consent;
When you took the property, you intended to deprive the owner of it permanently or to remove it from the owner's possession for so extended a period of time that the owner would be deprived of a major portion of the value or enjoyment of the property; AND
You moved the property, even a small distance, and kept it for any period of time, however brief3
What Is Theft By Trick:
Petty theft by trick under PC 484 is similar to petty theft by false pretense. The main difference between the two is that in cases of petty theft by false pretense, the owner of the property turns over both possession and title/ownership of the property to the thief.
Whereas, in cases of petty theft by trick, the owner merely gives the thief possession of the property, but not ownership/title.4:
A persons lawn mower breaks and a neighbor tells them that he will fix the lawnmower for no charge.
The lawn mower is never returned depriving the owner of possession but not ownership.
Theft By Embezzlement (Penal Code, §§ 484, 503):
Theft by embezzlement occurs when:
An owner entrusted his/her property to you5;
The owner did so because he/she trusted you;
You fraudulently6. converted/used that property for your own benefit; and
When you converted/used the property, you intended to deprive the owner of the property or its use even if only temporarily7.
A store clerk that works at a department store pockets some of the cash after work.
She can be charged with theft by embezzlement – PC 503, because she was entrusted with the cash but decided to keep the cash for herself.
What is the Difference Between Petty Theft and Grand Theft?
The most important difference between petty theft and a grand theft charge is if the value of the items taken was more or less than $950.
The property stolen was worth $950 or less8 The property stolen was worth more than $950
The property was not taken directly from the owner, such as from the person's clothing, body, or container held or carried by, the person. The property was taken from a person, no matter how much the property is worth.
The property taken was NOT any of the following types of property:
fish/shellfish/aquacultural products worth more than $250 when taken from a commercial fishery/research operation
The property stolen was an automobile or firearm
The property stolen was fruit/nuts/ worth more than $250
The property stolen was fish, shellfish, or aquacultural products worth more than $250 if taken from a commercial fishery or research operation
Usually charged as a misdemeanor.
If convicted, the following penalties may apply:
Up to six 6 months in county jail, and/or
A fine of up to $1,000
May be charged as a misdemeanor or a felony.
If charged as a misdemeanor: up to one (1) year in county jail
If charged as a felony: up to 16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in state prison
How Can You Fight Petty Theft Charges?
The most common defenses that an attorney can put forward to defend a charge of petty theft are as follows:
You Had No Intent To Steal
Intent is one of the requisite elements that a prosecutor has to show in order to convict a defendant of a theft crime.
If you did not have the intent to steal in the first place, you are not guilty of petty theft under PC 484.
You Had Consent From The Owner
If the owner of the property that you allegedly stole gave you permission to take the property, you are not guilty of petty theft under PC 484.
Belief That The Property Belonged To You
If the property actually belonged to you or if you honestly but mistakenly thought that the property you took belonged to you, you are not guilty of petty theft.
This additionally shows that your intent was not to take the property; rather to claim or re-claim what you thought was rightfully yours9.
You Were Falsely Accused
If you were wrongfully accused of taking something, but you did not do so or did not intend to do so, your criminal defense attorney will ensure to thoroughly investigate the evidence in your favor and to try to show that you were wrongfully blamed for something you did not do.
What Are The Penalties, Punishment and Sentencing Guidelines for Petty Theft?
Petty theft is typically charged as a misdemeanor offense in California.
Penalties For Petty Theft:
Probation (informal)
Property Under $50 in Value
Pursuant to California Penal Section 490.1, if you stole property the value of which is $50 or less, your attorney may be able to convince a prosecutor to reduce your charge to an infraction. This applies if you have no other theft or theft-related convictions on record. 10
Multiple Theft Penalty Enhancement Pursuant to PC 12022.6(a):
If there are multiple charges of theft, whether grand or petty theft, and the aggregate loss exceeds any of the statutory minimums in California Penal Code Section 12022.6(a), and the thefts arise from a common scheme or plan, an additional prison term may be imposed.
If the aggregate loss exceeds statutory amounts ranging from $50,000 to $2.5 million, an additional term of one to four years may be imposed11.
Can you expunge petty theft?
Yes in most cases. Petty theft is stealing items with a value of $950 or less and is usually charged as a misdemeanor.
However, petty theft can be charged as a felony if you have a prior conviction of stealing, embezzling or defrauding an elderly person, or your prior was a serious offense such as homicide, a forcible sex offense, or sex offense against a minor.
In these cases, you face state prison time and if served, will render you ineligible to have the offense expunged.
You can see if your eligible for expungement with our expungement eligibility test.
Petty Theft With a Prior
Pursuant to California Penal Code Section 666 – Petty Theft With a Prior, if you have been convicted three or more times of any of the following offenses (listed below), and you served time, you may face increased penalties for a petty theft conviction:
Petty theft – Penal Code 484 PC
Grand theft penal code 487 pc
Auto theft under California Vehicle Code Section 10851 VC
Carjacking under Penal Code 215
Robbery under Penal Code 211
Felony violation under Penal Code Section 496
Next Steps If Charged
If you have been arrested and would like to learn more about what attorneys charge.
If you want to understand why it is important to have an attorney represent you.
If you are ready to discuss a pending case contact the Aizman Law Firm at 818-351-9555 for a free confidential consultation.
California Penal Code 484(a) PC – Every person who shall feloniously steal, take, carry, lead, or drive away the personal property of another, or who shall fraudulently appropriate property which has been entrusted to him or her, or who shall knowingly and designedly, by any false or fraudulent representation or pretense, defraud any other person of money, labor or real or personal property, or who causes or procures others to report falsely of his or her wealth or mercantile character and by thus imposing upon any person, obtains credit and thereby fraudulently gets or obtains possession of money, or property or obtains the labor or service of another, is guilty of theft. [↩]
Penal Code Section 484 [↩]
To constitute a completed theft, the property must be asported or carried away. (People v. Shannon (1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 649, 654 [78 Cal.Rptr.2d 177].) Asportation requires three things: (1) the goods are severed from the possession or custody of the owner, (2) the goods are in the complete possession of the thief or thieves, and (3) the property is moved, however slightly. (Ibid. People v. Edwards (1925) 72 Cal.App. 102, 114–115 [236 P. 944], disapproved on other grounds in In re Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740 [48 Cal.Rptr. 172, 408 P.2d 948]; People v. Collins (1959) 172 Cal.App.2d 295, 299 [342 P.2d 370] [joint possession of property by more than one thief].) Asportation is fulfilled by wrongful removal of property from the owner or possessor, against his or her will with the intent to steal it, even though the property is retained by the thief but a moment. (People v. Quiel (1945) 68 Cal.App.2d 674, 679 [157 P.2d 446]. [↩]
Although fraud is used to obtain the property in both thefts by trick and theft by false pretense, in theft by false pretense, the thief obtains both possession and title to the property. For theft by trick, the thief gains only possession of the property. (People v. Ashley (1954) 42 Cal.2d 246, 258 [267 P.2d 271]; People v. Randono (1973) 32 Cal.App.3d 164, 172 [108 Cal.Rptr. 326]; People v. Traster (2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1377, 1387 [4 Cal.Rptr.3d 680]. [↩]
Elements. Pen. Code, §§ 484 PC, 503–515 [↩]
Fraud Defined. People v. Talbot (1934) 220 Cal. 3, 15 [28 P.2d 1057]; People v. Stein (1979) 94 Cal.App.3d 235, 241 [156 Cal.Rptr. 299] [↩]
Intent to Temporarily Deprive Owner of Property Sufficient. People v. Casas (2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 1242, 1246–1247 [109 Cal.Rptr.3d 811]
[acknowledging general rule for larceny requires intent to permanently deprive owner of property, citing People v. Davis (1998) 19 Cal.4th 301, 305 [79 Cal.Rptr.2d 295, 965 P.2d 1165] [↩]
Determination of Grand vs. Petty Theft Pen. Code, §§ 486, 487–488, 490.2, 491 [↩]
If a person actually believes that he or she has a right to the property even if that belief is mistaken or unreasonable, such belief is a defense to theft. (People v. Romo (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 514, 518 [269 Cal.Rptr. 440]; see also People v. Devine (1892) 95 Cal. 227, 229 [30 P. 378] ["[i]t is clear that a charge of larceny, which requires an intent to steal, could not be founded on a mere careless taking away of another's goods"]; In re Bayles (1920) 47 Cal.App. 517, 519–521 [190 P. 1034] [larceny conviction reversed where landlady actually believed she was entitled to take tenant's property for cleaning fees incurred even if her belief was unreasonable]; People v. Navarro (1979) 99 Cal.App.3d Supp. 1, 4–6, 10–11 [160 Cal.Rptr. 692]; see CALCRIM No. 1863, Defense to Theft or Robbery: Claim of Right. [↩]
Penal Code Section 490.1: (a) Petty theft, where the value of the money, labor, real or personal property taken is of a value which does not exceed fifty dollars ($50), may be charged as a misdemeanor or an infraction, at the discretion of the prosecutor, provided that the person charged with the offense has no other theft or theft-related conviction. (b) Any offense charged as an infraction under this section shall be subject to the provisions of subdivision (d) of Section 17 and Sections 19.6 and 19.7. A violation which is an infraction under this section is punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250). [↩]
Pen. Code, § 12022.6(a)(1)–(4); see People v. Daniel (1983) 145 Cal.App.3d 168, 174–175 [193 Cal.Rptr. 277] [no error in refusing to give unanimity instruction]. [↩]
December 4, 2018 June 19, 2019 in Theft Crime
Augie Beltran
I'm currently being charged with petty theft misdemeanor and lying to a police officer felony what would bail be or action taken
Augie Beltran June 28, 2019 at 2:02 pm
I'm currently being charged with petty theft misdemeanor and lying to a police officer felony what would bail be or action taken
Last updated on June 19, 2019 by Diana Aizman, Esq.
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Since I was a kid, I always loved the fireworks of July 4th. And if there's one city that knows how to do fireworks well in Texas, it's Austin. So this year, Aunt Mimi drove up from Port Arthur, and we loaded up to go see fireworks on Lake Travis.
Mimi looks good with the in-car headphones.
First we met at Anna's pool and enjoyed some family time before it got dark. This is precious Maddie, about 6 months old.
Mimi playing Marco Polo with Charlie.
Chuck has the magic touch when it comes to putting babies to sleep.
And then Zoey arrived, who's all of 1 month older than Maddie. She looks a lot like her mama.
Uncle Charlie got a great upper body workout that day, throwing his nephews and son around. That's no easy feat: Charlie's at least 70 pounds!


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Worship Leaders, Pastors Gather in Oval Office to Pray for President
President Trump surrounded by a large group of worship leaders from across the country whom he invited to pray for him in the Oval Office Friday. (Official White House Photo by Tia Dufour)
About 50 worship leaders from all across the country - including Bethel Music's Jenn and Brian Johnson, Hillsong Pastor Brian Houston, as well as worship leader Kari Job - gathered at the White House recently for a faith briefing. The purpose of the briefing was for guests to hear about religious liberty initiatives the White House was working on, and for the President himself to ask those gathered for their prayers.
"All 50 of us crammed into the Oval Office. He sat at his desk and he said pray for me," Sean Feucht, a Bethel Music worship leader who is running for Congress in California's Third Congressional District, told Fox News.
"We just laid our hands on him and prayed for him. It was like a real intense, hardcore prayer. It was so wild," Feucht said. "I could not believe he invited us in. That he carved out time to meet with us."
Kari Jobe and husband Cody Carnes were moved by the meeting, and the work the Administration is doing….
.@karijobe and @codycarnes shared about their visit to the White House with fellow worship leaders! pic.twitter.com/wTQE6EEvVr
— The White House (@WhiteHouse) December 9, 2019
Brian Houston, senior pastor of Hillsong Church, joined the group to share about the faith-based meeting. "When America is strong, the world is a better place," the Christian leader shared on the White House Twitter. "What a great opportunity it's been to see some of the initiatives that are happening to help freedom of religion."
"When America is strong, the world is a better place. What a great opportunity it's been to see some of the initiatives that are happening to help freedom of religion." @BrianCHouston pic.twitter.com/NAzBDsFF9t
"Wonderful stopping by a worship leaders briefing today at the White House!" Vice President Mike Pence wrote on Twitter. "America is a proud Nation of believers and our Administration will always defend the freedom of religion of every American, of every faith!"
The briefing was organized by Paula White-Cain, the president's personal pastor and special adviser to the Faith and Opportunity Initiative in the White House.
Win a Trip to See MercyMe in Kansas City!
Mac Powell Credits 'Miracle,' Prayers for Wife's Recovery from Aneurysm
Cory Asbury - Reckless Love (Official Live Version)
Fish Features

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Broward Stage Door's 'Sunshine Boys' a late-summer gem
September 19, 2017 By Palm Beach Arts Paper Leave a Comment
Michael H. Small and Peter Librach in The Sunshine Boys. (Photo by George Wentzler)
By Dale King
Broward Stage Door Theater has plucked a gem from the Neil Simon vault – the playwright's paean to vaudeville, The Sunshine Boys – and presents it like a shiny, late-summer gift to welcoming audiences at the Margate performance venue.
Director Michael Leeds, who has helmed an arm's length list of shows at the theater on Sample Road, taps a couple of veteran performers to portray — well, a couple of veteran performers. Michael H. Small and Peter Librach comfortably slip into the roles of "Lewis and Clark," a famed vaudeville duo for 40-plus years until a rift tore them asunder. They haven't spoken for more than a decade.
So, when Willie Clark's nephew, Ben Silverman (Ben Sandomir), approaches his irascible, reclusive uncle about reuniting with his ex-partner, Al Lewis, to perform one of their classic skits on a television special about the history of comedy, he is initially dead-set against it. With a lot of arm-twisting, Ben convinces unwilling Willie to give it a try.
But the reunion effort doesn't even make it through dress rehearsal before the angst of yesteryear rears its ugly head. The tension is so intense that Willie suffers a heart attack during the practice session. His period of recovery gives both Sunshine Boys a chance to rediscover the light that kept them together for so long.
The Sunshine Boys "is the fourth Neil Simon play I've directed and I think it's his best," says Leeds. "It's incredibly funny, I mean rolling in the aisles funny, and also quite touching."
The director gives a couple of thumbs up to the ensemble that makes the Simon production work. "I was lucky enough to get a great cast led by Michael Small and Peter Librach, two pros who have these characters in their bones."
The show, he says, is based on an actual actor named Willie Howard, a very eccentric vaudeville comedian. Simon got the idea of giving Willie a partner whom he hadn't spoken to in 12 years. They were going to be on an Ed Sullivan special – yet they couldn't stand each other.
Broward's version of The Sunshine Boys places Willie in a flophouse hotel visited each Wednesday by his doting, grocery-delivering nephew, whose level of anxiety soars each time he shows up. "I get chest pains every Wednesday," he says while trying to catch his breath. Willie deadpans: "Then come on Tuesdays."
Willie says his utter disdain for his ex-partner was the result of Al poking him in the chest and spitting in his face pronouncing words starting with "T" during each skit.
So why did the stay together 43 years? Come see for yourself.
Michael H. Small and Jeanine Gangloff in The Sunshine Boys. (Photo by George Wentzler)
Actually, The Sunshine Boys' stage setting is nearly as important as characterization. Willie's room is as disheveled as his life. As Act II opens, a medical office set appears, the spot where Al and Willie rehearse their famed skit, "The Doctor Will See You Now," a bit that seems to rank up there with Abbott and Costello's "Who's on First." It features Willie as the doctor and Al as a tax collector.
With Small and Librach performing it, the scene is filled with vaudevillian shtick, atrocious one-liners and lots of rim shots. Add a patient (George Schiavone) and the obligatory buxom, blonde nurse (Jeanine Gangloff) and the tone is set.
While Simon mines plenty of laughs in this confrontation of bickering ex-buddies, he also makes it clear that aging is no joke. Willie and Al may be vaudeville characters, but, in their arguments and their mix of dependence and open hostility, they resemble elder couples fighting off the darkening clouds of mortality.
Leeds' production is as much a character study as a joke fest, and yields glowing performances from all, including Elijah Pearson-Martinez, the harried assistant director whose efforts to maintain order during rehearsal may be overlooked by the disruptive antics of Willie and Al.
Small comes on strong to show Willie as a man of conviction. While his volcanic anger seems to stem from his yearning to work, he appears content to remain a loner. Librach's Al is more laid back, and often responds to situations with the look of a humbled child. But he has staunch determination. So much that Willie observes: "As a performer, no one could touch him; as a human being, no one wanted to touch him."
Sandomir is top-notch as the overwrought nephew who suffers a series of Maalox moments throughout the show. Gangloff has talent, and though she is young, she seems to grasp the requirements of vaudeville-style comedy.
Klein is just right as an actual nurse tending to Willie's recovery. She has a tough demeanor and no desire for jokes. She's sort of Neil Simon's version of Nurse Ratched from One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest.
Plaudits are due the show's production team for their contributions: set designer Michael McClain, lighting designer Dean Landhuis and costume designer Jerry Sturdivant.
The Sunshine Boys plays through Sept. 24 at the Broward Stage Door Theatre, 8036 Sample Road, Margate. Tickets are $48 (student prices are available with valid ID) and may be purchased at the box office; by calling 954-344-7765 or visiting www.stagedoorfl.org.
Editor's note: The posting of this review was delayed by technical difficulties.
Filed Under: Theater Tagged With: Ben Sandomir, Michael H. Small, Neil Simon, Peter Librach


From the answer to each clue the solver must omit one letter wherever it occurs (often more than once) before entry in the diagram. Definitions in the clues refer to the full, unmutilated answers; subsidiary indications, such as anagrams etc, refer to the mutilated forms to be entered in the diagram. Numbers in brackets show the full length of unmutilated answers. The letters omitted, read in clue order, spell out a seasonal quotation given in the second (1953) edition of the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations but dropped from subsequent editions. Competitors should submit with their solutions a Letters Latent clue to the penultimate word in the quotation, treating its third letter as latent.


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Nationals/MLB
Career in the balance: Dan Uggla, cut by Braves, hopes to stick with Nats
2015 Nationals spring training
Full squad has its first workout.
The Nationals continue season preparations in Florida.
March 3, 2015 Nationals left fielder Jayson Werth swings the bat for the first time at spring training after he had offseason shoulder surgery. The Nationals' first spring training game is against the New York Mets on Thursday, March 5. Jonathan Newton/The Washington Post
Wait 1 second to continue.
By Chelsea Janes
Chelsea Janes
Reporter covering the 2020 presidential campaign
From 2006 to 2012, Dan Uggla hit 209 home runs, 46 more than any other major league middle infielder. He was the best of a rare baseball breed, a commodity any team would covet: a power-hitting second baseman with more home runs in that span than all but 10 players in the major leagues.
Few would have predicted that such a player, orthopedically healthy and untouched by scandal, would find himself anywhere but on a major league field by August 2014. No one would have predicted he would find himself blindfolded and bouncing on a trampoline in a doctor's office in Las Vegas.
But for two weeks in August, that is exactly where Uggla was, cut by the Braves and then the Giants after an improbable two-season descent into offensive and defensive futility. Now the three-time all-star is in Washington Nationals camp as a non-roster invitee, hoping his unorthodox offseason will rejuvenate his career after he hit .149 with two home runs and 46 strikeouts in 141 at-bats last season.
"Playing against him the last few years, it looked like a guy not trusting what he's got." said Nationals hitting coach Rick Schu, who coached Uggla in the minors for the Diamondbacks after Arizona and then-scouting director Mike Rizzo drafted Uggla in 2001. "It didn't look like he was seeing the ball."
Robert Donatelli, a well-known sports physician who trained such athletes as tennis player Andy Roddick and former all-star outfielder Marquis Grissom, saw the same thing on television, called Grissom and said, "I think I know what's wrong with Dan Uggla."
Post Sports Live discusses the major story lines from Nationals spring training, including who will be the Opening Day starter and how Ryan Zimmerman will transition to playing first base. (Post Sports Live/The Washington Post)
Donatelli trains willing athletes to improve their vestibular system — colloquially known as the inner ear, the system that controls balance. That system aids the eyes in focusing on a target even while the body and head are moving. Dysfunction in the vestibular system can affect an athlete's ability to see things in motion, such as a baseball hurtling his way while his head and body are rotating to hit it.
Head trauma can cause dysfunction in the vestibular system. Uggla was hit in the head by a pitch in July 2012 and again in the back of the head by a pitch during spring training in 2013. Uggla himself did not definitively classify his reaction as a concussion, and Donatelli said Uggla did not have the symptoms — dizziness, nausea, etc. — that would have alerted the Braves that any kind of severe head trauma had taken place.
Knowing that, Donatelli asked Grissom for Uggla's number.
"He called and he [listed] a lot of the symptoms that hit dead on with me," Uggla remembered. "I was like, 'How soon can I get out to Vegas to see you?'"
When Uggla got there, Donatelli ran him through 12 tests that helped assess his vestibulo-ocular reflex. Uggla failed them all. Donatelli moved Uggla's head to the left and right and asked him to read an eye chart. Uggla, who had Lasik surgery when he initially had trouble seeing the ball in 2012, had 20-15 static vision. With his head moving, that vision dropped to 20-100.
"I can't tell when I'm sitting here talking to you. Before [going to Donatelli], I would think I can see you just fine," said Uggla, who will turn 35 in March. "But I guess when I get on the baseball field and my head starts moving around . . . it was kind of bad."
Donatelli pushed Uggla through exercises such as jumping on a trampoline blindfolded or reading while moving his head. Those movements isolated Uggla's vestibular system and forced his eyes and inner ear to recalibrate.
A confident Bryce Harper reported to Nationals spring training in Viera, Fla. When asked about adding Max Scherzer to the starting rotation, he said, "I just started laughing. I was like, where's my ring?" (The Washington Post)
Uggla spent two weeks working out twice a day at Donatelli's office, then doing a home program in his hotel room each night. Then he went home to Atlanta and continued his work for the next two months at a facility manned by trainers well-versed in Donatelli's methods.
"It's been a gradual process, so it's hard to see a sharp change like, 'Oh man, I can see!' " Uggla said. "But from where I was to where I am now, I can definitely tell a difference."
Though he says he sees the ball better now, Uggla will not say those vision problems contributed to his rapid decline.
"I'm the one that was in the box," Uggla said. "It's been very tough to see the ball the past couple years, but is that because of [the vision]? Or is that because I was in bad habits? Who knows?"
Either way, Uggla is glad for the opportunity with Washington — though he admits the Nationals' situation changed when they traded for Yunel Escobar, presumably to be their new everyday second baseman.
Manager Matt Williams said the second base situation "isn't necessarily a competition, but we'll look at everybody." Rizzo, now the Nationals' general manager, said Uggla has "to be the best second baseman in camp to win the job," which would mean beating out Escobar and plus-defender Danny Espinosa.
In order to do that, Uggla would likely need to show beyond any doubt that he is the 30-homer player he once was and that his defense — always questioned but seemingly even more suspect the past two seasons — has improved, too.
After a week of watching him hit, Schu says he thinks Uggla "is getting in much better position, giving himself a chance." Uggla, who doubted at times that he could still play the game at all, says he now believes "100 percent" that he can be the player he was. He will get plenty of at-bats this spring. If he is ready to bounce back, the Nationals will see that. Uggla will be able to see it, too.
chelsea.janes@washpost.com
More on the Nationals:
Images from Viera
This season is about winning. Then it's all business.
Nationals Journal: Notes from second day of workouts
Nationals Journal: Escobar says he has matured
Chelsea Janes Chelsea Janes is covering the 2020 presidential campaign. She was The Washington Post's beat writer for the Washington Nationals from 2014 to 2018 and was a sports intern for The Post in 2013. Follow


Coverted to residential from offices in the late 1990's. This involved the addition of one floor to the building.
The Gateway Suites Melbourne is a 4-star hotel and has 127 suites.
Construction cost was $22 million.


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Review of Spirit Witch by Helen Harper
November 23, 2017 / authoramysbrown
Spirit Witch
The Lazy Girl's Guide to Magic Book 3
By Helen Harper
Genre: Urban Fantasy
Date Started: November 19, 2017
Date Finished: November 20, 2017
If anyone appreciates what it means to be dead to the world, it's Ivy Wilde.
Barely recovered from her brush with necromancy, Ivy is flung once more into a world of intrigue, adventure and potential death and disaster. It's not her fault – it just so turns out that she's now the only person in the entire world who can communicate with the dead. And they're a chatty bunch with a list of demands.
When the ghosts offer information about a witch-hating mass murderer in return for Ivy's help, she has no choice but to get involved. She might be getting herself into more trouble than she realises though – and that's even before she's dragged to Sunday dinner so she can meet Winter's family…
Winter seems to go through a bit of an existential crisis, and it's interesting to see him so capable but unsure of the direction of his future. It becomes obvious that spending so much time together is rubbing off on the two main protagonists. While Rafe and Ivy work on figuring out a mystery, while trying not to let their relationship get in the way, one finds another relationship far more pressing and urgent–theirs with Brutus. Brutus is, by far, my favourite character in the series. His random quips of intense insight make up for how lazy he is most of the time, not to mention the hilarity of claiming an inability to do more–much like our slouch witch used to do.
"You like Eve."
"Love Ivy."
In the end, I felt that everything and everyone was mostly where they should be. I wish it had been a bit more longer, and not thrown into the epilogue. Most of what I'd hoped would happen throughout the entire series had come to pass, though I would have liked to see more happen to Tarquin. I am quite sad to see the series finished, but have since started another book by Harper, and look forward to reading more written by her in the future.
After teaching English literature in the UK, Japan and Malaysia, Helen Harper left behind the world of education following the worldwide success of her Blood Destiny series of books. She is a professional member of the Alliance of Independent Authors and writes full time, thanking her lucky stars every day that's she lucky enough to do so!
Helen has always been a book lover, devouring science fiction and fantasy tales when she was a child growing up in Scotland.
She currently lives in Devon in the UK with far too many cats – not to mention the dragons, fairies, demons, wizards and vampires that seem to keep appearing from nowhere.
Book, Book Review, Book Reviews, Books, Brutus, Five Star, Five Star Review, Five Stars, ghosts, Harper, Helen Harper, Ivy, Ivy Wilde, Raphael Winter, Spirit Witch, spirits, The Lazy Girl's Guide to Magic, The Lazy Girl's Guide to Magic 3, The Lazy Girl's Guide to Magic Book 3, Winter, witch, witches
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What Happened To Our Trade Magazines?
Their decline is a sign of a changing industry.
Craftrends has published its last hard-copy issue, following the same path as Craft & Needlework Age (CNA), Profitable Craft Merchandising, Sew Business, Craft & Art Market, and Creative Product News. Their decline is a sign of a changing industry, changes that may be an ominous sign for independent retailers, distributors, and trade shows.
For decades these trade magazines prospered, giving free subscriptions to the industry's professionals and deriving all of its revenue from advertising. What happened?
The answer lies in the definition of advertising proposed by David Ogilvy of the Ogilvy & Mather ad agency: "Advertising is what you do when you can't go see someone."
Since the industry's infancy after World War II, manufacturers, publishers, distributors, trade associations, and others who wanted to influence the thousands of retailers would advertise in the trade magazines.
As the industry evolved, chain stores wiped out thousands of independent shops. Vendors who originally sold to chains and hundreds of independents eventually found themselves with only a handful of customers. A seller can't go see hundreds of customers, so he advertised in the trade magazines. Today, he travels to Texas, Ohio, Arkansas, and New Jersey and "sees" his remaining customers.
In many ways there is a strong parallel between trade magazines and trade shows. Think of an issue of Craftrends as a trade show: the ads are the booths and the articles are the seminars. Show sponsors need to worry about the vendors, with their mere handful of customers, continuing to need so many trade shows.
A brief history of Craftrends.
Craftrends was a catalog published by Plaid Enterprises and mailed to Plaid's customers. One day in the early 80s, founder David Cunningham and John McDonald received a phone call from Bud Rothschild, the founder of Craft World, the industry's largest, most powerful distributor at the time. Bud wanted to buy an ad in Craftrends.
David and John explained that it was a company catalog, not a magazine. "But it goes to all your customers, doesn't it? I'd like to get a word in to your customers," Bud explained.
That made David and John think. They called some industry manufacturers and asked if they'd advertise in Craftrends, if it was a magazine. When they had a commitment from a dozen vendors, Craftrends did, in fact, become a trade magazine.
John McDonald was the first publisher and Craftrends flourished under his leadership. It was the first all-color trade magazine, far more attractive (and appropriate for a colorful industry such as crafts) than its competition, Profitable Craft Merchandising, Craft & Needlework Age, and Creative Product News.
Eventually, however, Craftrends encountered problems as Plaid expanded its product line. Everyone knew Plaid owned Craftrends, so every time Plaid introduced a new product, such as glue, the other glue manufacturers would stop advertising. "Why should we help a competitor," they asked.
About that time, the late 80s, David Cunningham received an offer for Plaid that he couldn't refuse from Dyson-Kissner-Moran (DKM), a privately held New York-based investment firm. But DKM wanted no part of publishing, so Dave sold Craftrends to Century Communications, a relatively small trade publisher in Niles, IL. Aided by the industry's growth due to cross stitch (and the emergence of thousands of cross-stitch specialty shops) and then wearable art, plus the fact that Plaid no longer owned Craftrends, it prospered. It absorbed Profitable Craft Merchandising and Sew Business, and CNA absorbed Creative Product News.
They would have faded, too, but then scrapbooking came along and soon there were, once again, thousands of independent retailers and trade magazines devoted to scrapbooking, such as Scrapbook Retailer, appeared.
Century Communications sold Craftrends to Primedia in 1995 when Century's owner, Phil Miller, retired. Primedia later sold Craftrends and its other industry-related properties (Creating Keepsakes, Simple Scrapbooks, Sew News, etc.) to Sandler Capital in 2006.
Profitable Craft Merchandising started as Profitable Hobby Merchandising, but two industry pioneers, Eleanor Zimmerman (Zim's) and Aleene Jackson (Aleene's), talked founder Jack Wax into changing his magazine to become the first trade magazine devoted exclusively to crafts.
"When Jack did that," Eleanor told me years later, "it was the first time I felt we were a real industry."


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Fast and Furious 9 Release Date updated with cast and new updates
Last Modified date: November 3, 2020
Fast and Furious 9 Release Date
Fast and Furious has become an important part of our lives because it has released so many parts. The eight previous installments have been a fun and exciting ride and if you are new to the franchise you can always watch the movie from part 1. Most Fast and Furious fans are wondering if there would be a 9th installment of the movie. If you are concerned about this then the answer is Yes! It is completely true that the movie would be coming with its 9th installment. The American action thriller would be directed by Justin Lin and will be distributed by Universal Pictures.
1 Will there be a Fast and Furious 9?
2 Has the Filming of Fast and Furious 9 already started?
3 Why the Rock isn't a part of Fast and Furious 9?
4 Fast and furious 9: trailer
5 Fast and Furious 9: cast
6 Fast and Furious 9: Plot
7 Release date of fast and furious 9
Will there be a Fast and Furious 9?
The sequel to the Fast and Furious 8 The Fate of the furious would be the ninth installment of the epic franchise. The film will be making a comeback with a similar cast and storyline and is sure to blow your mind once again. The director of the movie Justin Lin has shared some snippets of the movie on his Twitter and we can't stop talking about it since then. There have been flocks of rumors piled up on the internet about the 9th installment and catching up with all that is getting so much fun and exciting.
Has the Filming of Fast and Furious 9 already started?
The rumor has it that the filming for the film has already started and the cast and crew has shot for the film in Los Angeles, London and for the first time in Thailand. Filming has been wrapped up at the end of 2019.
Why the Rock isn't a part of Fast and Furious 9?
The Rock explained in an interview that his absence from the movie is because he is shooting for the spin off movie Hobbs and Shaw and his schedule is conflicting with the Fast and Furious 9 schedule. The statement is a little suspecting but we have no choice but to believe him.
Fast and furious 9: trailer
The first trailer of fast and furious 9 was released on January 31st and it has delighted all the fans. The trailer is intense and has impressed everyone. When we watch the trailer we can feel that Letty already had an idea that Han is alive. How did he survive and what are some other twists? We will know once the movie gets released.
Fast and Furious 9: cast
We have got confirmed list of whose going to be a part of this legendary movie. There is another buzz that some new characters may make an entry as well.
Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto
Michelle Rodriguez as Letty Ortiz
Tyrese Gibson as Roman Pierce
Chris "Ludacris" Bridges as Tej Parker
Nathalie Emmanuel as Ramsey
Helen Mirren as Magdalene Shaw
Charlize Theron as Cipher
Fast and Furious 9: Plot
The plot of the season will revolve around Dom who has been leading a happy life with his son and Letty. They are aware of the fact that danger always surrounds them one way or the other. There will be a time when Dom will reflect on his past sins and make all efforts to save the people he loves the most. He is ready to let all go and will fail the most dangerous plans of the assassins. How he happens to do so has to be seen. There will be major twists and turns as the story just keeps getting bigger and better. Han is also back and raises many questions with his return.
Release date of fast and furious 9
The film was originally scheduled to be released this year but due to coronavirus, the release has been pushed further. Fast and furious 9 will now release in April 2021 and it seems fans have to remain patient and hold their excitement for some more time.
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Researchers find what makes 'black market' water vendors work more reliably and fairly
TEMPE, Ariz. - In areas of the world with no piped water, people rely on 'black market' water--sold by informal vendors who have no oversight--which can be high-priced and have dangerously poor quality. But when informal vendors establish their own unions, they adopt rules that self-regulate and provide improved water pricing, quality and delivery.
This is according to a team of researchers from Arizona State University and the Graduate Institute of International and Developmental Studies in Geneva. Their findings, due to appear in print in World Development in early 2016, have been pre-published online at ScienceDirect.
Lead author Amber Wutich, an ASU anthropologist, says, "Our research shows that there are ways to ensure people have safe and affordable water service, even when they are not able to connect to a piped water grid."
Her team used an institutional framework to analyze how the markets operate; how cooperation among water vendors helps or hinders fair water delivery; and the differences in how vendors and clients view fairness as applied to rules, quality, quantity, costs, distribution and service related to the water market.
The research involved long-term participant-observation in squatter settlements and interviews with water vendors and clients in Cochabamba, Bolivia, scene of a noted "water war" in 2000.
In evaluating interactional, procedural and distributive justice, the researchers acknowledge that 'black market' water poses many challenges but has the potential to bridge supply gaps in urban water systems. The solution has long been regarded as undesirable but is increasingly recognized as unlikely to change for many urban poor communities in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The researchers discovered that some informal vendors - who supply most of the water used by the region's urban poor - organize themselves in vendors' unions to ensure the delivery of safe, affordable water. Unionized vendors are better at setting up reliable delivery schedules, ensuring fair prices, and monitoring water quality, when compared to non-unionized vendors.
The team also found that vendors and clients share a desire to see everyone, even the poor, achieve a "human right to water." But the researchers caution that vendors tend to focus on issues like ensuring fair pricing, while their customers are more concerned with problems such as unreliable delivery and discriminatory treatment.
Among the team's recommendations is a greater role for water unions and increased community oversight over, and engagement with, these unions.
"Water vendors are often painted as the villains in the urban poor's struggle to get water. Our work shows that they can be allies, and points to ways that these informal water markets can become more reliable and just for the people who depend on them for survival," explains Wutich, an associate professor in the ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change.
This research has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant BCS-0314395, NSF Decision Center for a Desert City Project under Grants SES-0345945 and SES-0951366, Fulbright-IIE, the Tinker Foundation, Paul and Polly Doughty, the University of Florida's Center for Latin American Studies and Department of Anthropology, and Arizona State University's President's Initiative under the Late Lessons from Early History program.
Related Water Articles from Brightsurf:
Transport of water to mars' upper atmosphere dominates planet's water loss to space
Instead of its scarce atmospheric water being confined in Mars' lower atmosphere, a new study finds evidence that water on Mars is directly transported to the upper atmosphere, where it is converted to atomic hydrogen that escapes to space.
Water striders learn from experience how to jump up safely from water surface
Water striders jump upwards from the water surface without breaking it.
'Pregnancy test for water' delivers fast, easy results on water quality
A new platform technology can assess water safety and quality with just a single drop and a few minutes.
Between 2015 and 2016, Brazil suffered from an epidemic outbreak of the Zika virus, whose infections occurred throughout the country states.
Researchers create new tools to monitor water quality, measure water insecurity
A wife-husband team will present both high-tech and low-tech solutions for improving water security at this year's American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Seattle on Sunday, Feb.
The shape of water: What water molecules look like on the surface of materials
Water is a familiar substance that is present virtually everywhere.
Water, water everywhere -- and it's weirder than you think
Researchers at The University of Tokyo show that liquid water has 2 distinct molecular arrangements: tetrahedral and non-tetrahedral.
What's in your water?
Mixing drinking water with chlorine, the United States' most common method of disinfecting drinking water, creates previously unidentified toxic byproducts, says Carsten Prasse from Johns Hopkins University and his collaborators from the University of California, Berkeley and Switzerland.
How we transport water in our bodies inspires new water filtration method
A multidisciplinary group of engineers and scientists has discovered a new method for water filtration that could have implications for a variety of technologies, such as desalination plants, breathable and protective fabrics, and carbon capture in gas separations.
Source water key to bacterial water safety in remote Northern Australia
In the wet-dry topics of Australia, drinking water in remote communities is often sourced from groundwater bores.
Read More: Water News and Water Current Events


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Introducing our Engraved Keyring, handmade in the UK. The perfect gift for that someone special.
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Home // News Room // EUIPO AND EPO EXTEND DEADLINES, USPTO TO WAIVE FEES, OTHER COUNTRIES ANNOUNCE THEIR PLANS ON HOW TO CONDUCT IP OPERATIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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Practices: Copyrights, Designs, Digital Brands / Domain Names, European Litigation, Licensing, Patents, Trademarks, Transactions, U.S. Litigation	| Categories:	Legal Update, Other, Other
EUIPO AND EPO EXTEND DEADLINES, USPTO TO WAIVE FEES, OTHER COUNTRIES ANNOUNCE THEIR PLANS ON HOW TO CONDUCT IP OPERATIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Because of the world-wide disruptions caused by the COVID-19 virus, patent and trademark offices around the world have been reacting in a variety of ways such as extending deadlines, waiving fees or ceasing operations all together. Here are some of the changes as of March 17, 2020:
The European Patent Office (EPO) will extend all deadlines for patent applications until April 17, 2020 (see: https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/official-journal/information-epo/archive/20200315.html).
In addition, the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) has decided that deadlines/time limits for proceedings that expire between March 9 and April, 30, 2020 will be extended until May 1, 2020 (see: https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/news/-/action/view/5644669).
The Spanish IP office (OEPM) announced all deadlines for pending proceedings have been suspended and will resume when the state of emergency or its extensions are over.
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) announced it is waiving petition fees for patent and trademark applicants that are affected by the effects of the coronavirus, however, it cannot offer, without legislation, extension dates or waivers (see: https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/relief-uspto-customers-affected-covid-19)
The Ecuadorian Patent and Trademark Office has ceased operations until further notice and has ordered the suspension of the legal terms from March 16th to the 22nd. The judiciary has also suspended its activities and the deadlines applicable to ongoing proceedings.
India has suspended all hearings related to trademarks between March 17th – April 15th. These hearings will be rescheduled eventually, while hearings scheduled for after April 15th will currently go on as scheduled.
PHILIPPINES:
The Intellectual Office of the Philippines has announced it will extend deadlines and confirms affected services until April 14th
KUWAIT:
The Kuwait IP Office has suspended operations until March 26th. However, urgent opposition cases can still be processed as well as online functions such as filings and renewals.
The Saudi IP Office has suspended operations for 16 days from March 16th. Online trademark searches of the Saudi trademark register are not available during the quarantine period.
LIBYA:
The Libya IP Office and all courts in the country are closed until further notice.
For more information on the status of IP offices around the world please contact us.


This site has been developed over recent years in a former quarry site. Quarrying is still continuing adjacent to the site. There is one of the biggest hides in the area here and it is well known for its good numbers of wetland birds. Steve and Mike will provide us with more background knowledge on the site.


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To meet Kyra at an adoption event, please e-mail dogs@lostdogrescue.org or call (703)295-DOGS.


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Solutions for Liberated Cities Login
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Across the country, Black city-builders are imagining and building more just and beautiful communities. What are they learning and dreaming?
Join Orlando P. Bailey of Urban Consulate for a new series of candid conversations rooted in radical truth, joy and love. In this one-hour virtual premiere event, Bailey welcomes three featured guests from Washington, D.C., Minneapolis and Cincinnati to delve deep into key themes and invite audience reflection and action.
Register for the premiere and learn how to watch each episode as they debut.
Orlando P. Bailey / Detroit
Twitter: @orlandopbailey
A lifelong Detroiter, Orlando P. Bailey learned how to practice community development in the neighborhood where he was born. Passionate about providing platforms for Black people to express their power and expertise, Bailey is Engagement Director for BridgeDetroit, host of Urban Consulate, co-host of the podcast Authentically Detroit, and guest contributor to American Black Journal. He traveled across Europe with The German Marshall Fund of the United States, was selected as an Emerging City Champion by Knight Foundation and 880 Cities, and was named a 2020 BMe Community Fellow. Rooted in his faith and radical love for his community, Bailey is an advocate for city residents as experts in their lived experience.
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Twitter: @andreperryedu
Andre M. Perry is a senior fellow in the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution, a scholar-in-residence at American University, and a columnist for the Hechinger Report. He is the author of Know Your Price: Valuing Black Lives and Property in America's Black Cities. A nationally known and respected commentator on race, structural inequality, and education, Perry is a regular contributor to MSNBC and has been published by The New York Times, The Nation, The Washington Post, TheRoot.com and CNN.com. He's also a board member with Next City. Perry's scholarship has been featured on HBO, ABC, CNN, PBS, National Public Radio, NBC and in the Wall Street Journal. His research focuses on race and structural inequality, education, and economic inclusion. Perry's recent scholarship at Brookings has analyzed Black-majority cities and institutions in America, focusing on valuable assets worthy of increased investment.
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Q: Smallest eigenvalue separation in the Gaussian ensemble of random matrices This question is motivated by Guido Li's question Expected minimal distance of eigenvalues, which concerns the sum of a deterministic matrix and a Gaussian random matrix. The deformation of the Gaussian ensemble is a complication that I would like to remove:
Consider the Gaussian ensemble of $n\times n$ real symmetric matrices $H$, with probability distribution
$$dP(H)=C\exp(-n\,{\rm tr}\, H^2)\prod_{i\leq j}dH_{ij},$$
with $C$ a normalization constant.
Order the eigenvalues $\lambda_n$ from small to large and compute the set of spacings $s_n=\lambda_{n+1}-\lambda_n$, $n=1,2,\ldots n-1$. The average spacing is $1$ independent of $n$ for large $n$.
Q: Denote the smallest spacing for a given $H$ in the ensemble by $s_{\rm min}$. How does the expectation value $\mathbb{E}[s_{\rm min}]$, averaged over the ensemble, decay with increasing $n$?
If the $s_n$'s would be independent I would expect $\mathbb{E}[s_{\rm min}]$ to decay as $1/\sqrt n$ (based on the Wigner surmise for the spacing distribution). Is this the correct scaling?

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