What: Legal internship- Summer Program- very competitive but would be an AMAZING experience if you get it!
The High School Summer Internship Program is designed for students interested in pursuing careers in architecture, engineering, building trades, public administration, business administration or information technology. The program is structured to enable students to gain exposure to the many careers in the built environment and to learn about what it takes to build New York City. It is a unique opportunity to prepare students for the growing demands of the job market. Assignments may include AutoCAD (computer aided design) drafting for students interested in architecture or engineering, internet research, word processing, spreadsheet creation, and other clerical work. Students work five days per week, in a six-week program that combines hands-on work and educational programming.
This spring, the New-York Historical Society is inviting high school students to explore our exhibition Silicon City: Computer History Made in New York. The Spring Scholarsprogram will offer participants a unique, behind-the-scenes experience of the exhibition. Working among a small group of like-minded peers, they will explore images, artifacts, interactives, and oral histories that tell the story of Silicon City, exploring local innovations that were key to computer development. From vacuum tubes and punched cards to transistors, they will learn about pioneering work accomplished after the 1964 World's Fair, such as the computer graphics revolution born in New York City a decade later.
By partnering with New York's business community, Futures and Options opens doors for underserved youth to build meaningful professional careers. We also provide businesses with a trained, educated, and diverse young workforce.


Welcome to Food Knowledge, the home of Nutritional Consultancy.
Please browse our site to find out more about how Food Knowledge can be of service to you.
Our very own consultant Gemma Landau is now also practicing from 'The Food Doctor' at number 13 Harley street.
BRAND NEW!! Packages now available for post-natal mothers and babies on nutrition and full post natal care advice, including sleep advice, routine setting, breast-feeding, weaning etc.. contact us for more info.


The iPhone is quickly proving to be a powerful business tool. This little phone can provide a helpful hand in your business, but you have to know where to look. It is easy to get lost in the hundreds of thousands of applications offered, and because there are so many people with the iPhone, I thought I would give a little breakdown of some great applications that everyone in real estate could really utilize.
1) Zillow: This application uses GPS to determine your location, and as you drive, Zillow will tell you estimated real estate values for the houses you are near. This application was made for people in real estate and can help to give you an edge over competition.
2) Trulia: This application gives you up-to-date home value information. You can search for the listing wherever you are and it will even map out listings. You can even save the listings that stand out right onto your iPhone.
3) Evernote: This application allows you to keep track of all of the contacts and colleagues you meet while networking or on the road. Take a picture of the their business card with your iPhones camera and Evernote will scan that information so it's waiting for you in text form back on your desktop.
4) Sketches: With this application you can take a picture of a property and email it to a client (or whomever) and mark it up, you can add arrows and notes right on top of the photograph!
5) Nearby: This is one that I believe more people are aware of, but it is important to have an application like this handy. It shows you everything that is around the property you are working with. You might even find places that you were not aware of!
So go do some application searching to make your phone work for you and your business!


City pages display all your contributions within a given city or place - reviews, ratings, photos, videos, forum posts, trip lists, and traveller articles. You can navigate to a city page from the city tiles on your main profile page. You can also get to city pages from the pins on your travel map. Simply click the city name.
You can view your city contributions in grid (visual) view or list view. City pages are viewable on your own profile, or someone else's. Browse another member's city pages for trip-planning ideas. If you are logged in, you can even pin those places (restaurants, attractions, hotels) to your own city pages.


The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") officially announced a pilot program on September 21, 2016 that allows even more taxpayers to qualify for Streamlined Installment Agreements. This test will run through September 30, 2017. This pilot project specifically addresses taxpayers with an IRS assessed balance of tax, interest and penalties between $50,001 and $100,000.
• expanding the number of months to 84 months from 72 months. The proposed monthly payment amount would be spread out over these number of months, taking into consideration the Collection Statute Expiration Date ("CSED"). Generally, payment plans must be paid off before the collection statute expires, however, there are some exceptions. If you need longer than 84 months to pay off your tax debt, a detailed financial will need to be submitted.
• removing the requirement for detailed financials. Prior to this, taxpayers who owed more than $50,001 had to provide detail on all income, assets, expenses and liabilities to negotiate a payment plan found on IRS Form 433F or IRS Form 433A.
Who can apply for a streamlined installment agreement for the IRS?
For example: Taxpayer owes $95,000 including interest and penalties for 2011 with a CSED of 05/25/2025. Under the expanded installment agreement criteria, the payment plan amount the IRS would require is $1,131 over 84 months. If the CSED was changed to 10/28/2022 for 2011, the required monthly payment amount would be $1,319 over 72 months.
What conditions are there for applying for the streamlined installment agreement?
• for any taxpayer that owes more than $50,001, the IRS will pursue filing federal tax liens. To avoid the IRS filing a Notice of Federal Tax Lien, it is advantageous for the taxpayer to pay down the debt to $50,000 and get on direct debit to qualify for the old streamlined installment agreement program.
• taxpayers must agree to automatic direct debit payments or they will need to submit financial documentation to the IRS.
• this program does not apply to business tax debt.
• taxpayers must be current in filing tax returns before applying.
During this test, more taxpayers will qualify to have their installment agreement request processed in a streamlined manner. The streamlined process removes the requirement for managerial approval or a review of detailed finances. This allows for faster responses. Based on test results, the expanded criteria for streamlined processing of installment agreement requests may be made permanent.
The San Diego Tax Attorneys at Delia Law have many years of tax resolution experience and will competently represent you before the IRS and set up your IRS payment plan. Please call for a no-cost tax attorney consultation at (619) 639-3336. We look forward to helping you.
This blog post on Streamlined installment agreements with the IRS is not intended as legal advice and should be considered general information only.


Looking to buy or sell Heterocyclic Compounds? List your company on Macro Market.
The top exporters of Heterocyclic Compounds are Ireland ($11.8B), China ($8.05B), Switzerland ($6.29B), Belgium ($5.46B) and Germany ($4.14B). The top importers are the United States ($12.1B), Belgium ($6.15B), Germany ($5.81B), Japan ($3.03B) and Italy ($3B).
Heterocyclic Compounds is also known as nucleic acids, lactams, cyclic, chemical, carbon, chemistry.
Heterocyclic Compounds is a 4 digit SITC product.
This treemap shows the share of countries that export Heterocyclic Compounds.
This treemap shows the share of countries that import Heterocyclic Compounds.
This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Heterocyclic Compounds.


the United Methodist Church conferences moved and appointed Bishops.
the good it did and the joy it brought.
$90,749 has currently been raised!
La Mesa First United Methodist Church is seeking an effective and dynamic Office Administrator. The position involves general office management support, managing of membership software, organizing of office operations, managing church calendar, facility management, communications and staff supervision. The position is for 20-25 hours per week, including paid vacation. Applicants must have prior office management experience, proficiency in Microsoft Office products, excellent communication skills, availability on Sunday mornings, and a strong commitment to the Christian faith. Those interested, please submit a cover letter, résumé and references to LaMesaUMC@LaMesaUMC.com. The tentative start date will be on or near the end of August.
The Foothills campus has been blessed with 3 pokéstops and a gym, with our neighbor friends at the Lutheran church having an easily accessible 4th pokéstop. If you haven't yet, download the Pokémon Go app for your smartphone, pack a picnic and bring the family and your friends to Foothills for a fun few hours or full day. If you're an avid player of the game, there are quite a lot of wild pokémon on the campus and the gym is extremely active. Members of team valor are particularly encouraged to come fight the good fight (peaceably, in the Lord's name), here at Foothills. While this game is popular, there will be a fair number of fun-loving people coming to the campus to enjoy the game in the great environment that we provide. Welcome them all and have a laugh about this crazy game that has overtaken culture for at least this moment in time.
Foothills member, Hillary Whittington, will be discussing her newly published book Raising Ryland: Our Story Of Parenting A Transgender Child With No Strings Attached. Hillary will be available for a book signing and QA at Foothills in King Hall at 11 am on August 21, after the single worship service. A free continental breakfast will be served and hosted by the Foothills Reconciling Fellowship. Hear more about this compelling faith journey in raising their child Ryland.
Foothills is throwing a party! Sunday, July 31 at 6 pm, come hear the Downbeat Big Band play on the lawn. A selection of gourmet hot dogs will be provided. A movie will be shown in the sanctuary for children and childcare is available for those 3 and under in the childcare center, while the parents dance and enjoy the evening outside. The cost is $5 per person which includes hot dogs, chips and soda. Guests are encouraged to bring a side dish to share. Bring a lawn chair or blanket to sit on and a pop up tent if you'd like.
Work is already moving forward on the infant care center expansion portion of the beams campaign. The tentative start date is July 11th. Foothills beam team leaders will be meeting with the contractors throughout the project to create a uniform vision of the campus. The bridge connecting the patio to the nursery is part of this project and will be closed off during the expansion for approximately 2 weeks. Information on childcare during this time can be found in the narthex on Sunday mornings.
Save the date for our 2016 Auction - "Holy Guacamole! It's a Foothills Fall Fiesta!" October 1st, 5-9 PM at the beautiful home of Dale and Joy Pruitt. The committee is seeking vacation homes, boat cruises, special dinners, and more for the Live Auction segment of the event. If you would donate, please contact Karen Smith, the church office, or any member of the auction committee.


When it comes to warehouse management the greatest challenge that every manager has to deal with is how to maximise the effective use of resources and at the same time cut down on operating costs. So here are a few tips on how to achieve both targets!
Make sure that the building, equipment and procedures that you use comply with the current safety and operating regulations. It's not just a matter of conforming to law requirements; it is in fact a prerequisite if you want to narrow down the possibilities of an industrial accident or a fire that could result in major losses for your company. Organise regular training courses for all warehouse employees, as well, so that they are always aware of safety procedures and have attended the necessary training courses.
Warehouse management leaves no room for mistakes; that means that everything and everyone must work as a well-tuned mechanism. Choose your staff based on their experience and qualifications. Look for qualities like strong interpersonal skills, team spirit and friendliness too since a productive warehouse management is based on team work.
A successful manager is judged for his ability to delegate efficiently –amongst other things. However, that doesn't mean that being a warehouse manager is all about sitting behind an office and reporting. Always maintain a first-hand view on how the warehouse and the staff operate; be aware of the daily schedule, arrange for regular inspections, work closely with your employees.
A warehouse's daily schedule comprises of inbound, process and outbound procedures; receiving and checking products, storing them in the right location, packaging and shipping can end up absorbing company resources without delivering the desirable results. Opt for a warehouse management system that will help you manage the warehouse effectively and easily. RCS have developed a state of the art, integrated Warehouse Management System that can control either single or multiple warehouses. The system will help you manage every single procedure effectively; from stock intakes, storing and shipping to operating costs, staff performance and risk assessment our Warehouse Management System will run every necessary control and will provide you with all the reports that you need. What's more, RCS offers you a wide range of warehouse management hardware solutions to choose from.
If you would like to learn more about our Warehouse Management solutions get in touch with RCS today or visit our website – http://www.rcs-uk.com/.


Amazing Image of Motorized Curtain Rod is one of several design collections from 19 Photos Designs motorized curtain rod Remarkable Design 39 Remote Control Motorized Curtain Shade Rod CL338H1M Motorized Window Treatments Remote Control Window curtain rod Automatic electric shade blind which is one of the very popular designs of the year.Motorized Curtain Rod published on Wednesday, August 15, 2018 At 4: 21 am.
We are have 19 beautiful pictures about Motorized Curtain Rod. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to see the high pictures, simply just click the images and you will be redirected to extra large page of Motorized Curtain Rod.


text:
«Я убил» — рассказ Михаила Булгакова.

Впервые был опубликован в журнале «Медицинский работник» (№ 44, 45, 1926 г.). Затем в «Неделе» (№ 14, 1972 г.).

Сюжет
Однажды в гостях заходит разговор о том, что врач-хирург, под ножом у которого умер пациент, не может назвать себя убийцей, и о том, что хирурга, убивающего пациента из пистолета, невозможно представить.

Доктор Яшвин возражает, рассказывает историю семилетней давности из своей жизни. Он был приказом откомандирован в войско Петлюры, отступавшего от города. За попытку саботажа при первом же затишье его должны были судить, и, скорее всего, расстрелять. Пока затишья не настало, он лечил обморозивших ноги солдат, слышал, как избивают пленных. Яшвина зовут лечить полковника Лещенко, раненого перочинным ножом одним из пленников. Пока доктор перевязывает полковника, врывается женщина, жена одного из расстрелянных, и успевает сделать выговор доктору за то, что он лечит этих людей. Женщине назначают 25 ударов шомполами. Нервы доктора не выдерживают, он убивает украинского полковника и благополучно сбегает.

Персонажи
 Доктор Яшвин
 Доктор Плонский
 Рассказчик
 2 гостя
 Солдаты армии Петлюры
 Полковник Лещенко
 Жена расстрелянного

Реальные события
В феврале 1919 года Булгаков был мобилизован петлюровцами («синежупанниками»). По воспоминаниям жены Татьяны, его отправили с отрядом петлюровцев за город, и в ту же ночь он возвратился домой, причём из-за пережитого стресса заболел и несколько дней ему было трудно ходить. По его словам, при переходе по мосту через Днепр он отстал, спрятался за столб, и его не заметили. Вполне вероятно, что причиной столь сильного стресса могли быть и другие события, о которых писатель не стал сообщать жене и сестре Варваре.

Примечания

Рассказы Михаила Булгакова
Рассказы 1926 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
This Is How Much It Cost To Get Married In 2017
Story from Weddings
Here's What The Average Couple Spent On Their Wedding In 2017
Olivia Harrison
Photographed by Megan Madden.
It's Valentine's Day, which means love is very much in the air. Under the influence of all that love, you might be tempted to pop the big question to your S.O. today, however, that may not be a decision you should make lightly, given the average cost of weddings these days. The Knot just released the results from its annual Real Wedding Study, and perhaps unsurprisingly given the wedding industrial complex, in 2017, the average cost of a wedding in America was $33,391.
In order to find out the average wedding cost last year, The Knot polled around 13,000 U.S. couples who were married in 2017. The resulting average price of $33,391 may seem like a jarring number, but it's actually down nearly $2,000 from 2016's average wedding cost. Last year, The Knot's similar poll showed that the average couple spent about $35,329 on their wedding day in 2016. True, when dealing with numbers this big, $2,000 seems somewhat insignificant, but savings are savings.
When planning the big day, it's important to know what you're getting yourself into. What exactly goes into that average price tag of $33,391? The Knot found that, on average, the biggest wedding expense in 2017 by far was the reception venue at $15,163. The smallest expense on the average budget was favors at $255.
If you're unable to resist the allure of proposing this Valentine's Day, you might be interested to know that getting married in some places is less expensive than it is in others. Just in case you wake up tomorrow morning panicked over how you're going to pay for your wedding — a real Valentine's Day hangover — remember that, in 2017, an average wedding in New Mexico cost $17,584. Even if you don't throw your nuptials in New Mexico, you may at least want to avoid tying the knot in Manhattan. Last year, the average cost of a Manhattan wedding was $76,944, which is well over double the national average.
Though The Knot's average figures are is a bit frightening, there are plenty of ways to get around spending that much, from elopement to city hall weddings and more. Even Valentine's Day hangovers can be cured.
Average Wedding Cost In US -- Where To Get Married 2018
Living • Weddings • Work & Money
written by Olivia Harrison
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Yen Press Acquires '86-Eighty-Six', 'Kingdom Hearts III', and 'Wizards of Mickey'
July 13, 2020 Nick Banks News Leave a comment
Yen Press announced the acquisition of three new manga titles today, one based in the world of science fiction and two from the world of Disney including a manga retelling of the popular Kingdom Hearts III video game.
In the manga adaptation, Sora travels with his friends Donald and Goofy to reclaim his lost power and enlists the help of many popular Disney and Pixar characters along the way. Kingdom Hearts III is written by Tetsuya Nomura and drawn by original Kingdom Hearts' artist Shiro Amano.
Continuing the Disney theme, Wizards of Mickey is another series that will appeal to fans of Kingdom Hearts as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy are transported to a fantasy setting where Mickey's pursuit of magical artifacts is the jumping off point for adventure. Wizards was originally published in Italy in Topolino, a digest magazine which included Disney comics, as well as many other publications worldwide in several languages. Wizards of Mickey has also been adapted as both a video and trading card game.
The final acquisition, 86-Eighty Six by Asatao Asato and Motoki Yoshihara, is in the classic sci-fi vein of series like Code Geass and Mobile Suit Gundam. According to the official press release, the story is "Filled with political and military intrigue" and revolves around a society "Long besieged by the fully autonomous killing machines known as the Legion, the Republic of San Magnolia endeavors to turn the tide of war by employing autonomous weapons of their own…"
Kingdom Hearts III, Vol. 1 and Wizards of Mickey are scheduled for a November 2020 release. 86-Eighty-Six will be releases a month later in December of 2020.
Check out the preview covers for all of the news series and stay tuned to Conskipper for more information on all of these new series from Yen Press.
86-Eighty-SixDisneyKingdom Hearts IIIMangaWizards of MickeyYen Press
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text:
Anne Tyler talks books, Baltimore and Donald Trump
By HILLEL ITALIE Associated Press
Anne Tyler is finishing a new book and reorganizing her past.
New paperback editions of "The Accidental Tourist," the Pulitzer Prize-winning "Breathing Lessons" and 17 other Tyler novels are being issued over the next several months by Vintage Books, a paperback imprint of Penguin Random House. The Baltimore-based author had previously used the Penguin Random House imprint Ballantine Books for paperbacks. Her hardcover publisher, Alfred A. Knopf, works directly with Vintage.
Tyler, 75, has been a published author for more than 50 years, enjoying both critical acclaim and commercial success. During a recent email interview with The Associated Press, Tyler shared her thoughts on writing, retirement, Baltimore and President Donald Trump.
0N WHETHER SHE WILL WRITE ANY MORE BOOKS AFTER HER CURRENT ONE IS DONE
"Since I'm still in the delivery room, so to speak, right now I can't imagine writing even one more. But I always seem to change my mind eventually."
A RECENT TYLER NOVEL, "VINEGAR GIRL," WAS A RETELLING OF SHAKESPEARE'S "THE TAMING OF THE SHREW." WOULD SHE LIKE TO REVISE ANY OTHER CLASSICS?
"'Vinegar Girl' was a huge amount of fun — just the experiment of taking on a plot that didn't feel at all like my own and trying to make it my own. But I think once was enough."
ON WHETHER FUTURE WORK WILL REFLECT RISING VIOLENT CRIME IN BALTIMORE
"Not the surge in crime so much as the growing presence of guns, both in Baltimore and in the country as a whole. That's becoming harder and harder to ignore."
ON WHETHER FUTURE WORK WILL REFER TO DONALD TRUMP
"I think of writing as a visit to a thoughtful, reasonable world where people try to be kind to one another. I can't imagine how I could ever fit Trump into that world."


"Herons Creek today faces a big challenge.
St Mary's is the only building in Herons Creek that is heritage listed, so it is of much significance to the history of this small township, our region and state.
84 years after it first opened, the historic church was re-opened on Saturday November 26, 2011 complete with an olde days picnic in the grounds.
Now re-opened it has been used as a church again, and as a community hall for the benefit of the people of Herons Creek. A place for community BBQs, support groups, public meetings and other activitiesas desired, for church services, weddings and funerals.
The church restoration was the dream of Martin Parish and his wife Jeanette Alderson. (Martin is the grandson of Harry and Sarah Parish, former local Post Masters, and eldest son of Kevin Parish).
Join us for Community Non-Denominational Services on the 2nd Sunday of every month at 9:37am.
For more information regarding the hiring of the Church, Please contact us.
Visit the Herons Creek Heritage Community Chapel at 49 Blackbutt Road, Herons Creek.


60s Tribute SG in a classic white finish. Two P90! Thin nitrocellulose finish to let the tone come through.
This is a killer 2011 Gibson SG 60s Tribute in classic satin worn white finish. It's all about Tone with the two Alnico P90 pickups on the mahogany body and neck. The thin nitro finish really lets some warm sustain shine through. Thin, light body doesn't weigh you down, and it sports the well-known Slim Taper 60s neck profile. Very good condition with only some minor marks (see pics below). At under 7 pounds, you'll be doing Townshend leaps in no time. Rare Ltd Ed--only made for a couple years. Grab it before someone else does! Thanks for looking.
What do Pete Townshend, Carlos Santana, and Tony Iommi all have in common? Back in the '60s, each of these legendary guitarists played a Gibson SG Special with P-90 pickups. The SG Special '60s Tribute is based around the same revered tonewoods, glued-in neck, and Alnico-magnet P-90 pickups that made its predecessor legendary, with the same SlimTaper™ '60s neck profile that is behind some of the fastest-playing guitars in history.


If you provide a service, trade or manufacture - or represent a hobby, social group or any other legitimate interest, you can have a link from here for £10 a year.
Castle Computers and Monitors Repairs, parts and upgrades, including laptops.
Trainflow Software (1) Scaler multi-scale calculator for all modellers.
Trainflow Software (2) Wagonflow software for railway modellers.
Aline Your Car Accurate wheel alignment, replacement tyres.
Dudley Motor Spares Parts, paints, numberplates, accessories.


Frosts at Millets Farm at Frilford, who also look after Milton Park's landscaping, is hosting its annual Craft & Gift Fayre from Friday 19th to Sunday 21st September 2014.
They are offering people across Milton Park free entry on Sunday 21st September. Just click on the link to print out the voucher and present on the day to gain free entry.
This year promises something for everyone: more than 70 traditional and contemporary stalls with gifts and crafts to suit all budgets, and many craft demonstrations.
Refreshments are also available plus enjoy their Farm Shop, Garden Centre, Restaurant and Farm Zoo.


text:
\section{Introduction}

In order to characterize photo-detectors with single photon timing resolutions in the picosecond to nanosecond range, such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultiplier  (SiPM) \cite{SiPMTiming}, light sources with light curves faster than the studied detector are required.

Such sources are commercially available, but expensive. In contrast, simple circuits commonly used in the community, such as the Kapustinsky  pulser \cite{Kapustinsky1985}, are limited to light pulses of few nanosecond duration.

The goal of this work is to describe the design and performance of a low-cost and easy to build light source that can supply sub-ns light pulses of variable intensity at an nearly arbitrary wavelength.

\section{The electric pulse driver}

The central component of any fast light source is a circuit that can supply a sufficiently narrow electric drive pulse. For this purpose an avalanche transistor based circuit as described in \cite{WilliamsPulser} was chosen. The schematic is depicted in Figure \ref{FigWilliams}. The \textit{LT1082} switching regulator provides an adjustable bias voltage which is applied to a \textit{2N2369} avalanche transistor in reverse mode. The bias voltage (typically 70\,V) is chosen just below the breakdown point of the transistor such that no random breakdowns occur. An input pulse to the base can trigger an avalanche, discharging the discharge capacitance $C_D$ through the emitter. As the collector voltage drops the transistor self-resets and can be triggered again. The pulse height and width both scale with the discharge capacitance. For this study values of $\mbox{C}_{\mbox{D}}$ between 0\,pF (parasitics only) and 12\,pF were chosen.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{Williams.png}
  \caption{Triggered pulse generator as proposed in \cite{WilliamsPulser}}
  \label{FigWilliams}
\end{figure}

The pulse shape of the drive circuit (as prototyped on a dedicated board, see Figure \ref{FigPulserPCB}) was evaluated using a \textit{Tektronix MSO71254C 100\,GS/s 12.5\,GHz Mixed Signal Oscilloscope} with a \textit{P7380A 8\,GHz} differential probe and single use solder contacts. As the probe only has a $\pm$2.5\,V dynamic range, a passive voltage divider was needed. Figure \ref{FigScope} shows a measured drive pulse, with only parasitic discharge capacitance in the circuit.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \subfloat[Pulse driver prototype\label{FigPulserPCB}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.4\columnwidth]{TestPulser.png}}
  \hfill
  \subfloat[Measured electric drive pulse\label{FigScope}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{PulserScope.png}}
  \caption{PCB and voltage output of the electric pulse driver }
\end{figure}

The pulse is bipolar, with a distinct, clean primary pulse of 170\,ps FWHM. The following undershoot does offer an advantage when applied to LEDs and solid state lasers, as it helps to remove charges from the depletion layer, thus reducing the turn-off time. This so called active sweep-out technique was for example suggested in \cite{SweepOut}.

While the overall bipolar shape has been observed reproducibly, the additional ringing in the tail changes significantly between repeated measurement with different voltage dividers and contact points. As such the ringing results at least partially from the measurement setup.

\section{Full light pulser module}

In order to provide a simple to use light source the electric pulse driver as described in the previous section is incorporated into stand-alone light pulser module (see figure \ref{FigModule}). It provides an additional micro-controller (\textit{Teensy LC}) for trigger control and a \textit{Mini-Circuits TCBT-14+ 10\,MHz-10\,GHz} bias tee to shift the DC level of the drive pulse. The light source is attached via a SMA breakout board, so that different sources can be easily used with the same module. Tested light sources are an \textit{OPV332} 850\,nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) from TT Electronics \cite{VCSEL}
 (expected rise/fall time $\sim 100\,ps$) and several 3\,mm through-hole LEDs purchased from \textit{Roithner Lasertechnik}.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \subfloat[Schematic layout of the light source \label{FigFullSchematic}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.65\columnwidth]{FullModule.png}}
  \hfill
  \subfloat[Photo of a fully assembled module\label{FigModule}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.33\columnwidth]{Module.png}}
  \caption{Hardware overview of a fully integrated picosecond light pulser module.}
\end{figure}

A trigger pulse can either be provided externally, with the micro-controller monitoring the frequency, or can be generated by the micro-controller directly. In both cases the light output can be inhibited by an analog switch to the pulse driver trigger input.

An offset voltage between -2.5\,V and 0.8\,V is generated by a summing amplifier which is connected to a -2.5\,V reference and a DAC output. This offset voltage is applied to the drive pulse via the bias-tee.
This allows for an effective intensity control, without changing the shape of the drive pulse. As the integral of the drive pulse over the forward voltage, as well sweep-out efficiency changes with biasing, the width of the light curve also changes. Negative bias voltages result in a narrower but dimmer light curve.

To achieve the highest possible intensity, no additional current limiting resistor is placed in series with the LED/VCSEL. This is safe as the total energy of the pulse is limited by the discharge capacitor $C_D$. In fact, depending on  the biasing, the voltage of the LEDs is barely over the forward voltage and no aging has been observed for either LEDs or VCSELs over many days of continuous operation at high repetition frequencies.

The total material cost for the module including an extruded aluminum enclosure and a one inch optics adapter is $\sim$ 150\texteuro.

\section{Timing characterization}

The light source is being characterized in terms of the profile of the light curve, the trigger delay as well as the integral photon output.

\subsection{APD setup}

The measurement of the light curve is obtained by using a 50\, \textmu m avalanche photodiode based \textit{IDQ ID-100} APD detector \cite{ID100BuH}. The device outputs a 10\,ns, 2\,V rectangular pulse when one or more incident photons are detected. The single photon timing resolution is guaranteed to be smaller then 60\,ps FWHM and is usually below 40\,ps \cite{ID100Paper}.

In this setup, the light curve is measured as the distribution of timing delays between the internal trigger pulse of the light source and the arrival time of single photons at the APD. For this purpose a \textit{TDC7200 evaluation board} \cite{TDC} is being used as Time to Digital Converter. As the APD can not distinguish the number of registered photons, the occupancy, that is the increase in APD detection rate relative to the trigger rate, needs to be small ($\sim$10\,\%) to guarantee mostly single photons. In order to measure the occupancy the APD rate is monitored with a custom frequency counter, consisting of a \textit{SN74LVC} monostable multi-vibrator and a micro-controller.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \subfloat[Timing resolution when measuring a precise delay\label{FigTDCResolution}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{TDCTTL.png}}
  \hfill
  \subfloat[TDC7200 binning behavior for broad time spreads\label{FigTDCBinning}]{
   \includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{TDCFinger.png}}
  \caption{Performance of the TDC7200 evaluation board}
\end{figure}

The TDC7200 measures delays, by counting the number of clock cycles of a multiple-GHz ring oscillator, between a rising/falling edge of a start and a stop signal. As the frequency of ring oscillators is hard to determine and can drift over time, it is calibrated against an external, precision 8\,MHz clock after each trigger. The TDC7200 datasheet \cite{TDC} claims a resolution of 55\,ps (one cycle of the ring oscillator) and a standard deviation of 35\,ps (calibration uncertainty).

The timing accuracy of the TDC7200 has been verified by measuring two TTL pulses at 100\,ns delay as provided by a \textit{Quantum Composer 9518+} pulse generator. The standard deviation of the timing delay as seen in Figure \ref{FigTDCResolution} agrees with the specification. When measuring the delay of a less well determined signal (see Figure \ref{FigTDCBinning}), the fact that the resolution is lower than the standard deviation becomes apparent as "fingers" in the histogram. In the following the binning of all delay histograms has been chosen to match the TDC resolution.

\subsection{IR-VCSEL timing performance}

Out of the tested light sources the VCSEL achieves the best timing performance. Figure \ref{FigVCSELSiPM} shows the measured light curve compared to the expected APD instrument response function (IRF) at different wavelengths. In addition to a primary, short duration peak a long duration tail is observed. This is most likely due to an APD detector effect, as APDs suffer from significant infrared diffusion tails, limiting the ability to quantify potential, low brightness, long duration turn-off tails of the light curves at long wavelengths \cite{ID100BuH}.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
\subfloat[compared to the APD IRF\label{FigVCSELSiPM}]{
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{VCSEL_IRF.png}}
  \hfill
 \subfloat[after cleaning away the APD IR diffusion tail \label{VCSELcleaned}]{
     \includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{APD.png}}
  \caption{VCSEL light curve at -2.5\,V biasing with no discharge capacitance}
\end{figure}

As no exact APD IRF is available at the VCSEL wavelength of 850\,nm the IR diffusion tail is fitted to the data assuming a simple exponential behavior. Figure \ref{VCSELcleaned} shows the cleaned light curve after subtracting the IR diffusion component. The light pulser output shows a clean Gaussian profile with a standard deviation of $\sim 100$\,ps.

\subsection{LEDs timing performance}

As the wavelength availability of VCSELs is very limited, a selection of 26 LEDs ranging from 365\,nm to 810\,nm was tested. All LEDs are 3\,mm through-hole variants ordered from \textit{Roithner Lasertechnik}. These LEDs are not designed for pulsed applications and no rise-times are stated in the datasheets.

As the emitted intensity has been observed to be significantly lower compared to VCSEL measurements, the APD setup for timing measurements had to be adapted. Instead of starting the TDC on the rising edge of the trigger pulse, it is started on an APD signal and stopped on the falling edge of the trigger pulse. The occupancy is still checked with the frequency counter but is always below 1\,\%. As the width of the trigger pulse is not perfectly controlled ($\sigma\sim 60$\,ps) the single photon timing resolution of this configuration is slightly worse at $\sim 80$ \,ps.

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.55\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Pulser6_10pF_385nm_-2_0V.png}
  \caption{385nm LED light curve at -2.0\,V biasing and 10\,pF discharge capacitance}
  \label{APD_385}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.4\linewidth}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Trigger.png}
  \caption{Trigger stability}
  \label{FigTrigger}
\end{minipage}%
\end{figure}

Only 20 LEDs emitted a detectable amount of light. Of these eight (370\,nm, 375\,nm , 385\,nm, 590\,nm, 605\,nm, 680\,nm, 700\,nm and 770\,nm) exhibit light curves shorter then 1\,ns standard deviation. In general high wavelength LEDs are easier to pulse due to the smaller band gaps, yet the best light curve was obtained with a 385\, nm LED as shown in Figure \ref{APD_385}. For the non-IR LEDs no long-duration tail is observed, confirming that the effect seen for the VCSEL is indeed a detector artifact caused by the APD.

\section{Trigger stability characterization}

The trigger stability is defined as the standard deviation of the timing delay between trigger pulses and the beginning of the light curve. As such it includes both: the jitter between the trigger and the drive pulse as well as possible turn-on variations of the LED/VCSEL. It is measured by illuminating the APD at the maximum possible brightness. As several photons reach the APD nearly simultaneously, this measurement is not limited by the APD single photon timing resolution. No dependence of the trigger stability on the used light source was found. A histogram of the registered timing delays is shown in figure \ref{FigTrigger}. The spread is barely detectable at $\sim 40$\,ps and matches the spread seen when measuring the jitter of the electric drive pulse.

\section{Intensity characterization}

In order to quantify the pulse intensity (photons per pulse) a \textit{Hamamatsu S2281} photodiode has been used in conjunction with a custom preamplifier as described in \cite{Tosi:2015ica}. While the intensity of a single pulse is not sufficient to be distinguished from the noise of the photodiode system, the average pulse intensity can be measured as the slope of the dark noise corrected intensity versus the light source repetition frequency.

Figure \ref{FigVCSELS2281} shows the measured photo-current as a function of repetition frequency for a VCSEL with 0\,pF discharge capacitance at -2.5\,V biasing. The slope and the quantum efficiency from \cite{S2281} yield $\sim 4 \cdot 10^7$ photons per pulse. An additional 10\,\% systematic error on the quantum efficiency has to be considered.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{S2281.png}
  \caption{Example measurement of the VCSEL 0\,pF per-pulse light output at -2.5\,V biasing}\label{FigVCSELS2281}
\end{figure}

Increasing the bias voltage to 0.7\,V results in a threefold increase of the photon number at the expense of a slightly longer light curve.

For the LEDs, pulse intensities between $10^4$ photons per pulse (no discharge capacitance, low biasing) and $10^8$ photons per pulse (10\,pF  and positive biasing) are seen. For the earlier mentioned 385\,nm LED at 10\,pF the photon number goes from $\sim 5\cdot 10^4$ photons per pulse at -2.0\,V biasing to $\sim 10^7$ photons per pulse at 0.5\,V biasing. This leads to an increase in the light curve standard deviation from $\sim$280\,ps to $\sim$800\,ps

\section{Summary}
Using a well established avalanche transistor based pulse driving circuit, combined with biasing and trigger control a versatile, low-cost and easy to use light source has been build and characterized. Using LEDs nearly arbitrary wavelengths can be realized with sub-ns timing precision. In conjunction with a 850\,nm VCEL light curves as short as 100\,ps  have been achieved.

\acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by BMBF, Verbundforschung and was carried out in the context of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
We thank the ZEA-2, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich for the possibility to use their 100\,GS/s oscilloscope. We would also like to thank Christopher Wiebusch and Heinz Rongen for their support of this project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Apple on Monday seeded an eighth beta of macOS Sierra 10.12.4 and a seventh beta of watchOS 3.2 to its registered developers and members of the Apple Developer Program. Both macOS Sierra 10.12.4 beta 8 (build 16E192b) and watchOS 3.2 beta 7 (build 14V5249a) can be deployed over-the-air on devices running a prior beta and a using a special configuration profile that can be downloaded from Apple's portal for developers and beta-testers.
The latest Sierra beta follows the previous release four days ago. watchOS 3.2 beta 7 follows a sixth beta, which was seeded to registered Apple developers six days ago.
Apple should release the major iOS 10.3, macOS Sierra 10.12.4, watchOS 3.2 and tvOS 10.2 software updates later this month, maybe even later this week following possible product refreshes that could occur tomorrow morning.
You can access Night Shift for Mac in System Preferences, Notification Center or via Siri.
A dedicated preference pane makes it easy to quickly adjust when a Mac's display should start gradually shifting from blue to yellow in order to cut down on exposure to blue light, which is said to cause sleeping problems.
Keep in mind that macOS betas are available for public beta testing to those enrolled to Apple's Beta Software Program.
watchOS 3.2 brings Theater Mode to Apple Watch via a new toggle in Control Center.
With Night Mode on Apple Watch, features like Raise to Wake and audible alerts get disabled or muted temporarily while still keeping system haptics on.
watchOS 3.2 will also let you control apps via Siri, like you can on iOS 10.
You'll be able to tell your Apple Watch to send a message, make a payment, book a ride, start a workout, call a contact or search photos in compatible apps.
We'll update the article with any changes found in the latest betas. Send us your own findings via tips@iDownloadBlog.com or share them in the comments below.


text:
Jens Ludwig
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
3600 N Street, NW Suite 200
IZA Institute of Labor Economics
Bonn, D-53072
Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a Five-City Social Experiment
University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 73, 2006
Bernard E. Harcourt and Jens Ludwig
Columbia University and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
broken windows theory, broken windows policing, New York City, policing, zero-tolerance, MTO, Moving To Oppportunity, disorder and crime, disorderliness, aggressive police enforcement, community effects, neighborhood safety, fraffiti, pulic intoxication, public disorder, disorderly conduct
Reefer Madness: Broken Windows Policing and Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City, 1989-2000
Criminology and Public Policy, 2007, U of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 317, U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper No. 142
broken windows theory, broken windows policing, New York City, policing, zero-tolerance, MTO, Moving To Oppportunity, disorder and crime, drugs, marijuana, marijuana arrests, drug control policy, New York City drug arrests, racial discrimination, equal protection , Batson, discriminatory intent
Principles for Effective Gun Control
Fordham Law Review, Forthcoming
Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig
Duke University - Sanford School of Public Policy and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Gun Control after Heller: Threats and Sideshows from a Social Welfare Perspective
U of Chicago Law & Economics, Olin Working Paper No. 454, U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper No. 259
Philip J. Cook, Jens Ludwig and Adam M. Samaha
Duke University - Sanford School of Public Policy, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and New York University School of Law
gun control, second amendment, gun rights, Heller, social welfare
Why Concentrated Poverty Matters
Pathways Spring 2013, pg. 10-13
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 18 Sep 2013
Lisa Gennetian, Jens Ludwig, Thomas McDade and Lisa Sanbonmatsu
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Emory University and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
housing, poverty, policy
Does Head Start Improve Children's Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design
Citation 154
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2111
Jens Ludwig and Douglas L. Miller
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and University of California, Davis - Department of Economics
early childhood education, poverty, schooling, health, Head Start
Number of pages: 71 Posted: 20 Jul 2006 Last Revised: 24 Jun 2010
Underground Gun Markets
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 29 Jan 2006 Last Revised: 29 Jul 2010
Philip J. Cook, Jens Ludwig, Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh and Anthony A. Braga
Duke University - Sanford School of Public Policy, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Columbia University - Department of Sociology and Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)
Is Crime Contagious?
Jens Ludwig and Jeffrey R. Kling
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
endogenous effects, social multiplier, arrests, social experiment
The Benefits and Costs of Head Start
Jens Ludwig and Deborah Phillips
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and Georgetown University - Department of Psychology
Improving Educational Outcomes for Poor Children
Brian Jacob and Jens Ludwig
Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Assigning Deviant Youths to Minimize Total Harm
peer effects, assignment policy
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 06 Jul 2005 Last Revised: 17 Aug 2010
The Social Costs of Gun Ownership
Does Head Start Do Any Lasting Good?
Chloe Gibbs, Jens Ludwig and Douglas L. Miller
affiliation not provided to SSRN, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and University of California, Davis - Department of Economics
Anti-Depressants and Suicide
Jens Ludwig, Dave E. Marcotte and Karen Norberg
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), University of Maryland Baltimore County and Boston University - Department of Psychiatry
Sex, Drugs, and Catholic Schools: Private Schooling and Non-Market Adolescent Behaviors
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 03 Nov 2000 Last Revised: 20 Feb 2002
David N. Figlio and Jens Ludwig
Northwestern University and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Neighborhood Effects on Crime for Female and Male Youth: Evidence from a Randomized Housing Voucher Experiment
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 20 Sep 2004 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2005
Jeffrey R. Kling, Jens Ludwig and Lawrence F. Katz
Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and Harvard University - Department of Economics
Mechanism Experiments and Policy Evaluations
Jens Ludwig, Jeffrey R. Kling and Sendhil Mullainathan
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and Harvard University - Department of Economics
The Effects of Gun Prevalence on Burglary: Deterrence vs Inducement
The Benefits of Reducing Gun Violence: Evidence from Contingent-Valuation Survey Data
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 31 Aug 1999 Last Revised: 12 Oct 2010
Jens Ludwig and Philip J. Cook
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and Duke University - Sanford School of Public Policy
Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap
Jacob L. Vigdor and Jens Ludwig
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
The Effects of School Desegregation on Crime
Number of pages: 98 Posted: 28 Sep 2009 Last Revised: 18 Aug 2010
David A. Weiner, Byron F. Lutz and Jens Ludwig
University of Pennsylvania, Federal Reserve Board - Research Division and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Preventing Youth Violence and Dropout: A Randomized Field Experiment
Sara Heller, Harold A. Pollack, Roseanna Ander and Jens Ludwig
University of Chicago, University of Chicago - School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Economical Crime Control
Long-Term Neighborhood Effects on Low-Income Families: Evidence from Moving to Opportunity
Jens Ludwig, Greg J. Duncan, Lisa Gennetian, Lawrence F. Katz, Ronald C. Kessler, Jeffrey R. Kling and Lisa Sanbonmatsu
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Northwestern University - Institute for Policy Research, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Harvard University - Department of Economics, Harvard Medical School, Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
The Effects of Housing Assistance on Labor Supply: Evidence from a Voucher Lottery
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 29 Dec 2008 Last Revised: 20 Jan 2009
Gun Control after Heller: Litigating Against Regulation
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 26 Oct 2009 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2010
The Effects of Housing and Neighborhood Conditions on Child Mortality
Brian A. Jacob, Jens Ludwig and Douglas L. Miller
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and University of California, Davis - Department of Economics
The Economic Journal, Vol. 117, Issue 524, pp. F588-F618, November 2007
affiliation not provided to SSRN, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Columbia University - Department of Sociology and affiliation not provided to SSRN
This is a Wiley-Blackwell Publishing paper. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing charges $42.00 .
File name: ecoj.pdf
Intercompany Energy Integration
Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 689-698, 2012
Michael Hiete, Jens Ludwig and Frank Schultmann
affiliation not provided to SSRN, Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and affiliation not provided to SSRN
File name: j-9290.pdf
game theory, heat exchanger network, industrial ecology, industrial ecosystem, industrial symbiosis, process integration
Neighborhood Effects on the Long-Term Well-Being of Low-Income Adults
School-to-Work Programs in the United States: A Multi-Firm Case Study of Training, Benefits, and Costs
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, January 2000
Jens Ludwig and Laurie J. Bassi
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI) and American Society for Training & Development (ASTD)
Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from a Randomized Housing-Mobility Experiment
Jens Ludwig, Greg J. Duncan and Paul Hirschfield
Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI), Northwestern University - Institute for Policy Research and Northwestern University - Institute for Policy Research
School Spending and Student Achievement: Using Specification Tests to Eliminate Inconsistent Estimators
Posted: 16 Jun 1998
Competition and Telephone Penetration: An International Statistical Comparison
Eric Kodjo Ralph and Jens Ludwig
affiliation not provided to SSRN and Georgetown University - Public Policy Institute (GPPI)
Weighing the Oburden of Acting Whiteo: Are There Race Differences in Attitudes Towards Education?
JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Vol. 16, No. 3, Summer 1997


Picture - Commemorative plaque; claim on the plaque is controversial regarding invention of the aileron.
Glenn Hammond Curtiss (May 21, 1878 - July 23, 1930) was an American aviation pioneer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. He began his career as a bicycle then motorcycle builder and racer, later also manufacturing engines for airships as early as 1906. In 1908 Curtiss joined the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), a pioneering research group founded by Alexander Graham Bell at Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia to build flying machines.
Curtiss rose to fame by making the first officially witnessed flight in North America, winning a race at the world's first international air meet in France, and making the first long-distance flight in the U.S. His contributions in designing and building aircraft led to the formation of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, now part of Curtiss-Wright Corporation. His company built aircraft for the U.S. Army and Navy, and during the years leading up to World War I, his experiments with seaplanes led to advances in naval aviation. Curtiss civil and military aircraft were predominant in the inter-war and World War II eras.
Curtiss was born in 1878 in Hammondsport, New York to Frank Richmond Curtiss and Lua Andrews. Although he only received a formal education up to Grade 8, his early interest in mechanics and inventions was evident at his first job at the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company (later Eastman Kodak Company) in Rochester, New York. He invented a stencil machine adopted at the plant and later built a rudimentary camera to study photography. On March 7, 1898, Curtiss married Lena Pearl Neff, daughter of Guy L. Neff, in Hammondsport, NY.
Curtiss began his career as a Western Union bicycle messenger, a bicycle racer, and bicycle shop owner. In 1901 he developed an interest in motorcycles when internal combustion engines became more available. In 1902 Curtiss began manufacturing motorcycles with his own single cylinder engines. His first motorcycle's carburetor was adapted from a tomato soup can containing a gauze screen to pull the gasoline up via capillary action. In 1903 he set a motorcycle land speed record at 64 miles per hour (103 km/h) for one mile (1.6 km). When E.H. Corson of the Indian Motorcycle Company visited Hammondsport in July 1904, he was amazed that the entire Curtiss motorcycle enterprise was sited in the back room of the modest "shop". Corson's motorcycles had just been trounced the week before by "Hell Rider" Curtiss in an endurance race from New York to Cambridge, Maryland.
In 1907, Curtiss set an unofficial world record of 136.36 miles per hour (219.45 km/h), on a 40 horsepower (30 kW) 4000 cc V8 powered motorcycle of his own design and construction. The air-cooled F-head engine was intended for use in aircraft. He would remain "the fastest man in the world," to use the title the newspapers gave him, until 1911, and his motorcycle record was not broken until 1930. This motorcycle is now in the Smithsonian Institution. Curtiss' success at racing had solidified his reputation as a leading maker of high-performance motorcycles and engines.
In 1904, Curtiss became a supplier of engines for California "aeronaut", Tom Baldwin. In that same year, Baldwin's California Arrow, powered by a Curtiss 9 HP V-twin motorcycle engine, became the first successful dirigible in America. In 1907, Curtiss was approached by Alexander Graham Bell to provide a suitable engine for heavier-than-air flight experimentation. Bell regarded Curtiss as "the greatest motor expert in the country" and invited Curtiss to join his Aerial Experiment Association (AEA). Over the next two years the AEA produced four aircraft, each one an improvement over the last.
Curtiss primarily designed the AEA's third aircraft, Aerodrome #3, the famous June Bug and became its test pilot, undertaking most of the proving flights. On July 4, 1908, he flew 5,080 feet, to win the Scientific American Trophy and its $2,500 purse. This was considered to be the first pre-announced public flight of a heavier-than-air flying machine in America. Curtiss received U.S. Pilot's license #1 from the Aero Club of America, because the first batch of licenses were issued in alphabetical order...Orville Wright received license #5. The flight of the June Bug propelled Glenn Curtiss and aviation firmly into public awareness. At the culmination of the Aerial Experiment Association's experiments, Curtiss offered to purchase the rights to Aerodrome #3, essentially using it as the basis of his "Curtiss No.1", the first of his production series of pusher aircraft.
In August 1909, Curtiss competed in the world's first air meet, the Grande Semaine d'Aviation flying contest at Rheims, France, organized by the A�ro-Club de France. The Wrights, who were selling their machines to customers in Germany at the time, decided not to compete in person. There were two Wright aircraft at the meet but they did not win any events. Curtiss went on to win the overall speed event, flying a 10 km course at 46.5 miles per hour (74.8 km/h) in just under 16 minutes, six seconds faster than runner-up Louis Bleriot and winning the Gordon Bennett Cup. For this he was awarded French pilot's license No. 2 (Bleriot, who flew the English Channel in 1909, had been awarded license No. 1).
This was a busy period for Glenn Curtiss in general. In May 1910, he flew from Albany to New York City to make the first long-distance flight between two major cities in the U.S. For this 137-mile flight, he won a $10,000 prize offered by publisher Joseph Pulitzer and was awarded permanent possession of the Scientific America Trophy. A month later he provided a simulated bombing demonstration to Naval officers at Hammondsport. Two months later, Lt. Jacob E. Fickel demonstrated the feasibility of shooting at targets on the ground from an aircraft with Curtiss serving as pilot. One month later, in September, he trained the first woman pilot, Blanche Stuart Scott. The fictional character Tom Swift who first appeared in 1910 in Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle and Tom Swift and His Airship has been said to have been based on Glenn Curtiss. The Tom Swift books are set in a small town on a lake in upstate New York.
On November 14, 1910, Curtiss demonstration pilot Eugene Ely took off from a temporary platform mounted on the forward deck of the cruiser USS Birmingham. His successful takeoff and ensuing flight to shore marked the beginning of a relationship between Curtiss and the Navy that remained significant for decades. At the end of 1910, Curtiss established a winter encampment at San Diego to teach flying to Army and Naval personnel. It was here that he trained Lt. Theodore Ellyson, who was to become U.S. Naval Aviator #1. The original site of this winter encampment is now part of Naval Air Station North Island and is referred to by the Navy as "The Birthplace of Naval Aviation".
Through the course of that winter, Curtiss was able to develop a float (pontoon) design that would enable him to take off and land on water. On January 26, 1911, Curtis flew the first seaplane from the water in the United States. Demonstrations of this advanced design were of great interest to the Navy, but more significant as far as the Navy was concerned, was Eugene Ely successfully landing his Curtiss pusher (the same aircraft used to take off from the Birmingham) on a makeshift platform mounted on the rear deck of the battleship USS Pennsylvania. This was the first arrester-cable landing on a ship and the precursor of modern day carrier operations. On January 28, 1911, at an Aero Club show in San Diego CA, Navy Lt Theodore G. "Spuds" Ellyson, a student at the nearby Curtiss School, took off in a Curtiss "grass cutter" to become the first Naval aviator.
Curtiss custom-built floats and adapted them onto a Model D so it could take off and land on water to prove the concept. On February 24, 1911, Curtiss made his first amphibian demonstration at North Island by taking off and alighting on both land and water. Back in Hammondsport six months later, in July 1911, Curtiss sold the U.S. Navy their first aircraft, the A-1 Triad. The A-1, which was primarily a seaplane, was equipped with retractable wheels, also making it the first amphibian. Curtiss trained the Navy's first pilots and built their first aircraft. For this he is considered in the USA to be "The Father of Naval Aviation". The A-1 was immediately recognized as so obviously useful, it was purchased by the U.S. Navy, Russia, Japan, Germany and Britain. Curtiss won the Collier Trophy for designing this aircraft.
Around this time, Curtiss met the retired English naval officer John Cyril Porte who was looking for a partner to produce an aircraft with him in order to win the Daily Mail prize for the first transatlantic crossing. In 1912 Curtiss produced the two-seat "Flying Fish", a larger craft that became classified as a flying boat because the hull sat in the water; it featured an innovative notch (known as a "step") in the hull that Porte had recommended for breaking clear of the water at takeoff. Curtiss correctly surmised that this configuration was more suited to building a larger long-distance craft that could operate from water, and was also more stable when operating from a choppy surface. In collaboration with Porte, Curtiss designed the "America" in 1914, a larger flying boat with two engines, for the transatlantic crossing.
In 1917, the U.S. Navy commissioned Curtiss to design a long-range, four-engined flying boat large enough to hold a crew of five, which became known as the NC-4.
The patent dispute with the Wright brothers continued for several years until it was resolved during World War I. Since the last Wright aircraft, the Wright Model L, was a single prototype of a "scouting" aircraft, made in 1916, the U.S. government, desperately short of combat aircraft, pressured both firms to resolve the patent dispute. In 1917, the U.S. government subsequently proffered a large and profitable contract to Curtiss to build aircraft for the U.S. Army. The Wright Aeronautical Corporation, a successor to the original Wright Company, ultimately merged with the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company on 5 July 1929, forming the Curtiss-Wright company, just before Glenn Curtiss' death.
Curtiss and his family moved to Florida in the 1920s, where he founded 18 corporations, served on civic commissions, and donated extensive land and water rights. He co-developed the city of Hialeah with James Bright and developed the cities of Opa-locka and Miami Springs where he built a family home, known variously as the Miami Springs Villas House, Dar-Err-Aha, MSTR No. 2. or Glenn Curtiss House. His frequent hunting trips into the Florida everglades led to a final invention, the Adams Motor "Bungalo", a forerunner of the modern RV trailer (named after his business partner and half-brother, G. Carl Adams). Shortly before his death he designed a tailless aircraft with a V-shape wing and tricycle landing gear, that he hoped would could be sold in the price range of a family car. The Glenn Curtiss House, after years of disrepair and frequent attacks by vandals, is being refurbished to serve as a museum in his honour.
After traveling to Rochester, New York to contest a law suit brought by former business partner, August Herring, Curtiss suffered an attack of appendicitis in court. He died in 1930 in Buffalo, New York. of complications from an appendectomy. His funeral service was held at St. James Episcopal Church in his home town, Hammondsport, New York with interment in the family plot at Pleasant Valley Cemetery in Hammondsport.
Curtiss was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1964, the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1990, the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1998, and the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2003.
1905 Created G.H. Curtiss Manufacturing Company, Inc.
1909 Sale of Curtiss' "Golden Flyer" to the New York Aeronautic Society for $5,000.00 USD, marks the first sale of any aircraft in the U.S., triggers Wright Brothers lawsuits.
1909 First U.S. licensed aircraft manufacturer.
1911 Developed first successful pontoon aircraft in U.S.
1925 Builds his Miami Springs mansion.
1928 Created the Curtiss Aerocar Company in Opa-locka, Florida.
"At Dayton". Time (magazine), October 13, 1924.
Casey, Louis S. Curtiss: The Hammondsport Era, 1907-1915. New York: Crown Publishers, 1981. ISBN 978-0517545652.
Curtiss, Glenn and Augustus Post. The Curtiss Aviation Book. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1912.
de Cet, Mirco. The Illustrated Directory of Motorcycles. St. Paul: Minnesota: MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, 2002. ISBN 978-0760314173.
Dizer, John T. Tom Swift & Company. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishing, 1982. ISBN 0-89950-024-2.
FitzGerald-Bush, Frank S. A Dream of Araby: Glenn Curtiss and the Founding of Opa-Locka (e-book). Opa-Locka, Florida: South Florida Archaeological Museum, 1976. ASIN: B001L1QU38.
Harvey, Steve. It Started with a Steamboat: An American Saga. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2005. ISBN 978-1420849431.
Hatch, Alden. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Aviation. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1599211459.
House, Kirk W. Hell-Rider to King of the Air. Warrendale, Pennyslvania: SAE International, 2003. ISBN 0-7680-0802-6.
Mitchell, Charles R. and Kirk W. House. Glenn H. Curtiss: Aviation Pioneer. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2001. ISBN 978-0-7385-0519-0.
Roseberry, C.R. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1972. ISBN 0-81560-264-2.
Shulman, Seth. Unlocking the Sky: Glenn Hammond Curtiss and the Race to Invent the Airplane. New York: Harper Collins, 2002. ISBN 0-06-019633-5.
"Speed Limit." Time (magazine), October 29, 1923.
Trimble, William F. Hero of the Air: Glenn Curtiss and the Birth of Naval Aviation. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1591148791.


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Vin Scully: NOT a socialist
By Craig CalcaterraJun 18, 2016, 5:35 AM EDT
Vin Scully took a few moments during last night's Brewers-Dodgers game to tell everyone how he feels about socialism. He raised the matter when Venezuela native Hernan Perez came to the plate and talked about how things are going in Venezuela these days:
"Socialism failing to work as it always does. This time in Venezuela. You talk about giving everybody something free and all of a sudden there's no food to eat. And who do you think is the richest person in Venezuela? The daughter of Hugo Chávez. Hello. Anyway, 0 and 2."
You can listen to the audio of Scully's political comments here. In the meantime know that, like socialism has with Scully, Perez struck out against Luis Coleman.
I wasn't watching this game but a bunch of people notified me of Scully's comments. When they did, they clearly thought that I, a pretty devoted lefty, would feel bad or owned or something that a broadcaster I love hates socialism. As if I was under the impression that an 88 year-old devoutly religious man who came of age in early postwar America and became a visible part of California's establishment in the 1950s — the California establishment which gave us Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, with whom Scully was friendly, and which delivered California to Republican presidential candidates in every election between 1952 and 1992 save one — was somehow a big flaming commie. Or that I hoped it or something. Um, sure.
But even if I was somehow surprised or upset that Scully will never be my comrade, these people are missing the larger point. The point being that Scully and I march in lockstep together on a matter of even greater importance: Not Sticking to Baseball.
You do you, Vin. As you always have. And let no one tell you to stick to baseball, ever.
Follow @craigcalcaterra


text:
Standard-Form Contracting in the Electronic Age
70 Pages Posted: 24 Oct 2001
See all articles by Robert A. Hillman
Robert A. Hillman
Jeffrey J. Rachlinski
The Internet is turning the process of contracting on its head. With increasing alacrity, people are mouse-clicking their way into enforceable standard-form contracts on the Internet ("browsewrap" contracts) while installing software ("clickwrap" contracts). The emergence of this new contracting medium has produced numerous claims of the inadequacy of existing contract law to govern standard-form contracts made at the speed of light. Consumer advocates worry that the electronic media presents new methods for businesses to take advantage of consumers. By contrast, businesses engaged in e-commerce insist that courts must relax existing legal protections so as to nourish this new form of business. We contend that existing contract law provides an appropriate regime in which to assess electronic contracts.
We support our conclusion by reviewing the underlying factors that shape the law of standard-form contracting in the paper world and by determining whether the new dynamics of e-commerce create a fundamentally different environment. In the paper world, business use of standard forms creates efficiencies and saves costs for both businesses and consumers, but it also can lead to business' exploitation of consumers. We assess the rational, social, and cognitive factors, as well as other business practices, that affect consumers' abilities to protect themselves from exploitation. We conclude that the current judicial approach appropriately presumes consumer assent to negotiated terms and, so long as the consumer has had a reasonable opportunity to read the standard terms, to conscionable standard terms. Courts also properly remain vigilant in policing unreasonable boilerplate.
A switch to electronic commerce does not change this analysis. To be sure, the electronic environment has provided consumers with new research tools, thereby suggesting that rational consumers will be better able to protect themselves, and the electronic environment has eliminated the social pressures that businesses can use to induce consumers to enter into exploitationist contractual terms. However, the new electronic environment has not changed the overly optimistic manner in which consumers think about these contracts, namely that nothing will go wrong and that boilerplate terms do not matter. In addition, the electronic environment has created new opportunities to exploit consumers. We therefore assert that courts should adopt a strategy similar to their approach in the paper world. Courts should presume the enforceability of both browsewrap and shrinkwrap contracts, but should also focus on the potential for procedural and substantive exploitation by businesses.
Keywords: Contracts, Cyberspace
JEL Classification: K12
Hillman, Robert A. and Rachlinski, Jeffrey John, Standard-Form Contracting in the Electronic Age. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=287819 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.287819
Cornell Law School ( email )
Myron Taylor Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-4901
Jeffrey John Rachlinski (Contact Author)


Allison Hartsoe is the Founder and CEO of Ambition Data.
Allison effectively aligns leaders and implementers across business units to harness existing resources and foster a connected culture of customer-centric innovation. Allison is a deeply skilled marketing technologist with a broad strategic view and a passion for analysis. She has built and executed digital analytics strategies for Fortune 500 customers including Blackrock, BlueShield, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, HP, Intel, Microsoft, Nike, Seagate, and SelectQuote.
Before Ambition Data LLC, Allison was Group Director, Digital Intelligence at Cardinal Path, Senior Manager at Ernst & Young and VP Analytics at Semphonic. Allison led several of Semphonic's largest engagements.
Allison was the founder and CEO of Aspyro. Aspyro business-analysis technology included proprietary algorithms to help eBay power sellers determine which products are most likely to provide the best return on investment within the eBay channel.
Allison co-founded iSyndicate in San Francisco. iSyndicate sold digital content to Fortune 500 corporations from media publishers. The company grew to 230 employees with 6 domestic offices and 3 international before being acquired by a competitor in August 2001. Allison led the International Team where she opened iSyndicate's first European office in London and later struck a 50-50 joint venture with media powerhouse Bertelsmann.
Allison's experience and passion for analysis allow her to see future trends and relate it all the way back to the tactical moves her clients need to make today.
Allison is published in Forbes.com, Fast Company, Online Marketing and her blog, Schrodinger's Cat. She has spoken at Conversion Conference, eMetrics, and the Tableau User Conference.
Outside of work, Allison loves to travel, skiing, and family adventures. She has climbed the Great Wall of China, scaled Mt. Kilimanjaro, bicycled across the USA and rocked a number of local trivia competitions.
"I have worked with Allison for 4 years and have found her to be an outstanding partner. Allison's knowledge and instincts in digital analytics are unsurpassed, and she is highly flexible in providing solutions to a range of needs. Allison possesses that rare quality of translating digital concepts into understandable business ideas with no loss of quality. I believe that Ambition Data is an important addition to the marketplace."
"Allison's expertise and passion around the digital customer is contagious; driving business value and setting analytic-excitement in those fortunate to work with her. Allison has been both a business consultant and mentor to me. Her technical skills and at-hand resources drove development in behavioral customer analysis and building an integrated digital data platform. Our relationship has been invaluable in my career growth, she is incredible to work with, and someone quickly admired."


text:
r4stats.com
Data Science Software Reviews
R Package Equivalents to SAS & SPSS
R Graphical User Interface Comparison
BlueSky Statistics
Deducer
jamovi
R AnalyticFlow
R Commander
R-Instat
RKWard
Qualtrics SurveyMonkey QuestionPro…
Calling R From Other Software
Helping Your Organization Migrate to R
The Popularity of Data Science Software
The Popularity of Point-and-Click GUIs for R
Using Excel for Data Entry
Why R is Hard to Learn
BlueSky Statistics Intro Guide
BlueSky Statistics User Guide
Data Preparation and Exploration
Introduction to Biomedical Data Science
R for SAS and SPSS Users
R for SAS and SPSS Users, Free Version
R for SAS and SPSS Users, Second Edition
Interview Regarding R for SAS and SPSS Users
R for Stata Users
Interview Regarding R for Stata Users
A Practice Data Set
Basic R Programming
Enhancing Output
Graphics – ggplot2
Graphics – Traditional
Selecting Variables and Observations
Introduction to Modern R
R for SAS SPSS and Stata Users
Managing Data with R
Text Analysis with R
On Site Workshops
Who has attended?
Workshop Reviews
by Robert A. Muenchen
[Last update: 4/17/2019]
Point-and-click graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for R allow people to analyze data using the R software, without having to learn how to program in the R language. This is a brief look at how popular each one is. Knowing that a GUI is popular doesn't mean it will meet your needs, but it does mean that it's meeting the needs of many others. This may be helpful information when selecting the appropriate GUI for you, if programming is not your primary interest. For detailed information regarding what each GUI can do for you, and how it works, see my series of comparative reviews.
There are many ways to estimate the popularity of data science software, but one of the most accurate is by counting the number of downloads (see appendix for details). Figure 1 shows the monthly downloads of four of the six R GUIs that exist (as far as I know). We can see that the R Commander (Rcmdr) is the most popular GUI, and it has had steady growth since its introduction. Next comes Rattle, which is more oriented towards machine learning tasks. It too, has shown high popularity and steady growth.
The three lines at the bottom could use more "breathing room" so let's look at them in their own plot.
Figure 2 shows the same data as Figure 1, but with the two most popular GUIs removed to make room to study the remaining data. From it we can see that Deducer has been around for many more years than the other two. Downloads for Deducer grew steadily for a couple of years, then they leveled off. Its downloads appear to be declining slightly in recent years. jamovi (its name is not capitalized) has only been around for a brief period, and its growth has been very rapid. As you can see from my review, jamovi has many useful features.
The lowest (blue) line shows downloads for the jmv package, that contains all the functions used by the jamovi GUI. It allows programmers to write code instead of using the jamovi GUI. People who point-and-click their way through an analysis in jamovi can send their code to any R user, who would then use the jmv package to run it. Since most jamovi users would prefer to point-and-click their way through analyses, it makes sense that the jmv package has been downloaded many fewer times than jamovi itself.
Two GUIs are missing from this plot: BlueSky Statistics and RKWard. Neither of those are downloaded from CRAN. The BlueSky developers don't collect downloads on a regular basis, but their figures have gone from small sales as a commercial product to over 1,000 downloads per month in just the last eight months (as of 4/17/2019). That should put its growth rate at roughly similar to jamovi's.
I was unable to obtain data from RKWard's developers. However, knowing that RKWard has a similar number of point-and-click features as Deducer, one can deduce (heh!) that it might have a similar level of popularity.
For a summary of all my R GUI software reviews, see the article, R Graphical User Interface Comparison.
Thanks to Guangchuang Yu for making the dlstats package which allowed me to collect data so easily. Thanks also to Jonathon Love, who provided the download data for jamovi, and to Josh Price for his helpful editorial advice.
Appendix: Where the Data Came From
I used R's dlstats package, which makes quick work of gathering counts of monthly downloads of R packages from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). CRAN consists of sites around the world called "mirrors" from which people can download R packages. When starting the download process, R asks you to choose a mirror that is close to your location. In the popular RStudio development environment for R, the default mirror is set to their own server, which is actually a worldwide network of mirrors. Since it's the default download location in a very popular tool for R, its download data will give us a good idea of the relative popularity of each GUI. The absolute popularity will be greater, but to get that data I would have to gather data from all the other servers around the world. If you have time to do that, please send me the results!
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text:
New technology protects against password theft and phishing attacks
New technology launched today by Royal Holloway, will help protect people from the cyber attack known as "phishing," believed to have affected 37.3 million of us last year, and from online password theft, which rose by 300% during 2012-13.
Phishing involves cyber criminals creating fake websites that look like real ones and luring users into entering their login details, and sometimes personal and financial information. In recent months, the Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) has successfully launched phishing attacks against employees of the Financial Times to enable them to post material to its website, and mass attacks were launched within Iran using a fake Google email, shortly before the elections.
Scientists from Royal Holloway have devised a new system called Uni-IDM which will enable people to create electronic identity cards for each website they access. These are then securely stored, allowing owners to simply click on the card when they want to log back in, safe in the knowledge that the data will only be sent to the authentic website. A key feature of the technology is that it is able to recognise the increasing number of websites that offer more secure login systems and present people with a helpful and uniform way of using these.
"We have known for a long time that the username and password system is problematic and very insecure, proving a headache for even the largest websites. LinkedIn was hacked, and over six million stolen user passwords were then posted on a website used by Russian cyber criminals; Facebook admitted in 2011 that 600,000 of its user accounts were being compromised every single day," said Professor Chris Mitchell from Royal Holloway's Information Security Group.
"Despite this, username and password remains the dominant technology, and while large corporations have been able to employ more secure methods, attempts to provide homes with similar protection have been unsuccessful, except in a few cases such as online banking. The hope is that our technology will finally make it possible to provide more sophisticated technology to protect all internet users."
Uni-IDM is also expected to offer a solution for people who will need to access the growing number government services going online, such as tax and benefits claims. The system will provide a secure space for these new users, many of whom may have little experience using the internet.
Source: Royal Holloway, University of London
password (38)
phishing attacks (15)


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Q: AOP for authentication in java I am keeping looking for an authencitation solution in java until I found AOP.
It seesm that the advise of the AOP can act as an interceptor of the required method executation. Which can be use or authentication and authorization.
And I have heard some solutions based on URL filtering, but IMO, the AOP is better since it will intercepte the logic rather then the request path.
Especially in an application which have multiple views like this:,
we can use only one authentication module to hold the whole application through AOP, but if we use the URL filtering, we have to make another authentication module for the "Client GUI View".
This is my opinion, I am not sure if this is right, please figure it out if I miss something.
And BTW, is there a live exmaple about AOP with authentication(Spring AOP is better)?

A: I don't think using AOP for authentication is a good idea.
You can use filters to check if an user is authenticated. Here you have an example of this:
How to redirect to Login page when Session is expired in Java web application?
Another approach, you can make use of Spring Security. It is quite simple and handle login for you. This guy shows well simple examples:
http://www.mkyong.com/spring-security/spring-security-form-login-example/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is a very individual matter, depending on your present way of eating, but we have been asked to " spell it out ". Most of our prospective guests are committed to the idea of detoxifying, and improving general health with an all-raw diet and wheatgrass juice, but they may not have had a chance to inform themselves fully. Most people experience detox symptoms of some kind, so we suggest you minimise these!
to 2 litres daily ( water used in teas etc does not count! ) If you use tea, coffee or alcohol, or any form of refined sugar, we suggest you cut these out completely well before attending your course. This will help your adjustment to all raw.
Completely raw means no additions (no cheese, crackers or pates) Try chewing thoroughly instead of drowning salads in dressing. (oily dressings prevent efficient digestion). If you have never done this it is worth the experiment.
I suppose we eat a lot of fruit during the course? No. We use a small percentage (up to 10% ) fruit. More than this unbalances the initial cleansing and makes it harder for you to deal with cravings. The Living Foods Programme uses a high intake of fresh chlorophyll so green leafy plants are the staple, with plentiful coloured vegetables for minerals and trace elements, plus nuts and seeds carefully prepared for easy assimilation.
How will I get enough protein? Will we have lots of nuts?
The green fresh plant foods and juices contain more than enough of the body's daily needs. Surprised? We have been used to over -consuming protein, both meat eaters and vegetarian/vegans. Plant protein in green leafy plants is much more bio-available than animal protein and costs the digestive system less wear and tear to process. We show you how to use nuts and seeds to make them easier to digest. We use moderate amounts as they are very concentrated.
What is it like to de-tox?
Again this is a very individual experience, depending entirely on your past eating habits and any health problems. Some people may experience headaches or nausea. You may feel restless as toxins depart or unusually tired for a time. These are signs that the system is responding and starting to clear out the backlog of waste products which you don't need. You can make a start by simplifying your diet before arriving here. Cutting right down on meat, if you use it, and increasing your intake of all-raw salads helps your system to unload toxins, as does avoiding snacks between meals.
Most people soon adjust as their body recognises balanced superb nutrition as distinct from "filling up" with less nutritious food. The more thoroughly you chew each mouthful, the quicker this adjustment. Wheatgrass juice is the supreme concentrated multimineral and vitamin – packed fresh food it is possible to use. Using wheatgrass juice daily, you find old appetites soon fade, as the body receives plenty of what it needs, and nothing to encourage old habits.