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Ursula Marlowe is the only daughter of one of the richest industrialists in England. Her father is a self-made man and has seen to it that his daughter has had a excellent education, including a degree at Oxford. Disconcertingly this has made her very politically aware, taking part in the suffragette movement, and socialist protests that seem to cut at the very heart of her father's operations. Robert Marlowe does not approve of some of the friends Ursula has made, and so when she gets an urgent phone call from one of them early in the morning she leaves the house quickly and quietly.
Her friend, Winifred Stanford-Jones, a fellow suffragette, has woken in bed to find her lover lying next to her, murdered. Freddie has absolutely no memory of how she got to bed, and certainly none of the murder. Ursula calls a close family friend, a Kings Counsel, Lord Wrotham, who quickly takes charge of the situation. He sends Ursula away saying that her involvement in a scandal of this sort will do great harm to her father's business.
Time passes and Ursula becomes convinced that the police regard Winifred as the murderer, and are determined to charge her. When the father of the dead girl commits suicide, Ursula comes across evidence that links her father to the dead girl's family.
The plot of CONSEQUENCES OF SIN is mainly played out against the background of London in 1910-1911, but also takes Ursula and Lord Wrotham to the Orinoco River in Venezuela. There were times when I struggled to hold on to this branch of the plot, despite what I'm sure were great efforts by the author to make it tight. Suffragette London felt very authentic, with evidence of considerable research. Social customs and mores of the period are well explained, and there is an understated romantic element that adds interest.
CONSEQUENCES OF SIN may remind some readers of the early Jacqueline Winspear (Maisie Dobbs) books although these are set a little later. It reminded me of a semi-gothic (that's probably the wrong descriptor) style of novel that I read a lot in the 1970s by authors like Dorothy Eden and Victoria Holt. More recently Kerry Greenwood's Phryne Fisher books come to mind.
Clare Langely-Hawthorne was raised in England and Australia. She was an attorney in Melbourne before moving to the United States where she began her career as a writer. She lives in Oakland, California, with her family. CONSEQUENCES OF SIN is her first novel and has been followed up by The Serpent and the Scorpion (2008).
I met Clare in Hawaii in March 2009 at LCC and remember that she still has her love of Vegemite - the mark of a true Aussie!
Kerrie - I do like historical mysteries, so this sounds quite interesting. Thanks for sharing it.
I'm pretty sure I have this book on a shelf here somewhere. I know I have read about it before and thought it would be something I would like. Thanks for reminding me!
I love a good historical mystery, and this sounds very enticing. Never heard of this author before, will put her on my list of people to keep on my radar.


text:
April 2006, VOLUME 117 / ISSUE 4
Growth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Influences Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Anna M. Dusick, Betty R. Vohr, Linda L. Wright, Lisa A. Wrage, W. Kenneth Poole for the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to assess whether (1) in-hospital growth velocity is predictive of neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and (2) in-hospital growth velocity contributes to these outcomes after controlling for confounding demographic and clinical variables.
METHODS. Infants 501 to 1000 g birth weight from a multicenter cohort study were divided into quartiles of in-hospital growth velocity rates. Variables considered for the logistic-regression models included gender, race, gestational age, small for gestational age, mother's education, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, age at regaining birth weight, necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset infection, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease, and center.
RESULTS. Of the 600 discharged infants, 495 (83%) were evaluated at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. As the rate of weight gain increased between quartile 1 and quartile 4, from 12.0 to 21.2 g/kg per day, the incidence of cerebral palsy, Bayley II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) <70 and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) <70, abnormal neurologic examination, neurodevelopmental impairment, and need for rehospitalization fell significantly. Similar findings were observed as the rate of head circumference growth increased. The in-hospital rate of growth was associated with the likelihood of anthropometric measurements at 18 months' corrected age below the 10th percentile values of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth curve. Logistic-regression analyses, controlling for potential demographic or clinical cofounders, and adjusted for center, identified a significant relationship between growth velocity and the likelihood of cerebral palsy, MDI and PDI scores of <70, and neurodevelopmental impairment.
CONCLUSIONS. These analyses suggest that growth velocity during an ELBW infant's NICU hospitalization exerts a significant, and possibly independent, effect on neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
extremely low birth weight infant
neurodevelopmental outcome
Postnatal growth failure is the norm for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, especially the sickest infants.1–4 The NICHD Growth Observational Study1 demonstrated that, although the rate of weight gain was similar to the reported intrauterine rate of weight gain (∼15 g/kg per day), once birth weight was regained, most of the infants between 24 to 29 weeks' gestation did not achieve the median birth weight of the reference fetus of the same postmenstrual age (PMA) at hospital discharge. In fact, at discharge from the NICU or at 36 weeks' PMA, most were less than the comparable 10th percentile birth weight for completed weeks of gestation according to the reference intrauterine growth data reported by Alexander et al.5 Although nonnutritional factors contribute to the development of growth failure, delays in regaining birth weight and low nutrient intakes also play a major role. Compared with fetal nutrient intakes, the early parenteral and enteral nutritional support received by ELBW infants results in substantial protein and energy deficits that persist for weeks and can be directly related to subsequent postnatal growth restriction.3,4
Numerous studies have demonstrated that inadequate early nutrition exerts an adverse influence on long-term developmental outcome.6 Malnutrition at a vulnerable period of brain development has been shown to result in a decreased number of brain cells as well as deficits in behavior, learning, and memory.7–9 Based on data derived from nutritional studies conducted in rural Guatemala by the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) from 1969 to 1977 and the long-term follow-up studies on statural growth and intellectual and social achievement conducted in 1988–1989, malnutrition is no longer only considered to result in cognitive deficiencies through brain damage.10 It most likely alters neurodevelopment by interfering with overall health as well as the child's energy level, rate of motor development, and rate of growth. Extrapolating these concepts to hospitalized ELBW infants suggests that although inadequate nutrition may directly result in brain injury, it may also interfere with overall health by reducing immune competence, resistance to infection, and the energy and nutrients available to support recovery from acute and chronic lung disease and to support an adequate rate of growth and development, let alone catch-up growth, during the hospitalization.
An objective of the Growth Observational Study1 was to use prospectively collected NICU growth, morbidity, and long-term follow-up data from a large heterogeneous population of ELBW infants to examine the impact of in-hospital growth velocity on outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. The study's primary hypothesis is that the growth status of ELBW infants at NICU discharge, as reflected by growth velocity (grams per kilogram per day for weight gain or centimeters per week for head circumference growth), is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome, growth percentile, and the incidence of rehospitalization at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
The study cohort for this report is a subset of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network Growth Observational Study population.1 Six hundred (86%) of the 695 infants 501 to 1000 g birth weight who participated in that study survived and were discharged from network NICUs. The families of those infants were invited to participate in network ELBW follow-up programs for a comprehensive assessment at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Although 495 (83%) of the eligible infants were evaluated, sufficient growth data were only available to calculate growth velocities on 490 infants; early back transfer accounted for the insufficient growth data. In addition, length and head circumference growth data were not available for 1 infant from whom weight gain data were available. The Growth Observational Study was a prospective, cohort study that collected anthropometric data on 1660 infants 501 to 1500 g birth weight.1 Infants were admitted at ≤24 hours of age to 1 of the network centers between August 31, 1994, and August 9, 1995, survived at least 168 hours, and were free of major congenital malformations. Body weight was recorded daily for a minimum of 14 days or until birth weight was regained, whichever occurred later, and then weekly. Recumbent length and head circumference were determined weekly. Trained research nurses performed these anthropometric measurements as previously described1 and abstracted study data, including information about maternal and neonatal demographics, selected morbidities, clinical conditions, and nutritional practices, until discharge, transfer, death, or 120 days after birth, whichever came first, using previously described definitions.2,11,12
For this report, growth velocity was calculated for the period between the time that the infant regained birth weight and discharge, transfer, age 120 days, or until a body weight of 2000 g was reached, a time point that is referred to as "status."1 Infants within each 100-g birth weight interval from 501 to 1000 g were then divided into quartiles of in-hospital growth velocity rates. Thus, by design, a similar number of infants from each birth weight interval were assigned to each growth velocity quartile of the follow-up cohort. The birth weight distribution of the study population is displayed in Table 1.
Birth Weight Distribution of Study Population
The follow-up assessment has been described in detail.13 The assessments were performed by certified examiners and included a standardized neurologic examination, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II-R (Mental Scale, Motor Scale, and Behavior Rating Scale), structured parent interviews about medical and social history and functional performance, and anthropometric measurements. Anthropometric measures were plotted according to gender and corrected age (postterm) at the follow-up assessment using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curves.14
The specific aims of this project are to determine if at 18 to 22 months' corrected age, compared with infants in the lowest growth velocity quartile: (1) ELBW infants in the highest weight gain quartile have a lower incidence of Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scores <70, cerebral palsy (CP), neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), rehospitalization, and growth (weight, length, and head circumference) below the 10th percentile; (2) ELBW infants in the highest head circumference growth quartile have a lower incidence of MDI and PDI scores <70, CP, and NDI; and (3) that the association between growth velocity and outcome persist after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors that influence outcome. NDI was defined as the presence of any of the following: CP, Bayley MDI <70, Bayley PDI <70, deaf/hearing loss requiring amplification in both ears, or bilaterally blind.
For the purpose of this report, the growth velocity was treated as a 4-level categorical variable that indicated the quartile into which an infant's growth velocity fell. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes and rehospitalization were treated as binary variables. Associations between these variables and growth velocity quartile, maternal and neonatal variables, and in-hospital morbidities were explored. Variables included in these analyses were gender, race, gestational age, small for gestational age (SGA) at birth, mother's education, age at regaining birth weight, proven necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grades 3 and 4, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), late-onset infection, bronchopulmonary dysplasia ([BPD] oxygen therapy at 36 weeks' PMA), and postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease. Statistical significance (P < .05) was determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and by χ2 (Mantel-Haenszel χ2 or Pearson χ2) or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables, as appropriate. Adjusted relationships were evaluated using logistic-regression models to fit the binary outcomes and to identify associations between growth at status and neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes and incidence of rehospitalizations at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Covariates included in the models were those variables with P ≤ .10 from the bivariate tests. All analyses were adjusted for center. The results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were completed at RTI International (Research Triangle Park, NC) by using SAS software (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).
The characteristics of the infants in the follow-up cohort by weight gain quartile are displayed in Table 2. The average daily rate of weight gain between regaining birth weight and discharge increased from 12.0 to 21.2 g/kg per day from quartile 1 to quartile 4. The rate of length and head circumference growth within each of these weight gain quartiles both increased from 0.8 cm per week to 1.1 cm per week between quartile 1 and quartile 4. At status, body weight was significantly lower in quartile 1 than in the other quartiles, whereas length and head circumference measurements were similar. Because both the postnatal and postmenstrual ages at status fell significantly between quartile 1 and quartile 4, the differences in growth velocity are understandable. Although the overall percentages of the demographic characteristics and incidences of the selected morbidities are similar to that previously observed at NICHD Neonatal Research Network Centers during that time period,2,11,12 they specifically reflect the characteristics of the infants included in the Growth Observational Study1: 51% were female, 49% non-Hispanic blacks, 33% of their mothers had less than a high school education, 25% had severe IVH, 9% proven NEC, 65% late-onset sepsis (culture-positive plus culture-negative, but treated with antibiotics for ≥5 days), 40% BPD, and 48% were treated with postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease. However, in contrast to our earlier report, SGA in this study cohort was defined as birth weight <10th percentile for gender according to Alexander et al.5 As the rate of weight gain increased between quartile 1 and quartile 4, the incidence of proven NEC, late-onset infection, BPD, and postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease significantly decreased, suggesting that the slowest growth velocity was experienced by the sickest infants. Interestingly, the mean age at regaining birth weight (defined as regaining birth weight and maintaining it for at least 2 days1) was significantly lower in quartile 1 and significantly fewer infants in quartile 1 regained birth weight after 18 days of age (the mean age at which infants in the entire study population regained birth weight). However, because the length of time between the age that birth weight was regained and status was significantly lower in quartile 4, and because 13 (10%) infants in quartile 1 compared with 1 (0.8%) infant in quartile 4 never lost weight, we believe that differences in severity of illness and fluid management practices provide a probable explanation for this paradoxic observation.
Characteristics of Follow-up Cohort by Weight Gain Quartile
Selected neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at the18 to 22 months' corrected age follow-up assessment are shown by weight gain quartile in Table 3. As the rate of weight gain increased between quartile 1 and quartile 4, the incidence of CP, MDI and PDI scores <70, abnormal neurologic examinations, and NDI and the need for rehospitalization fell significantly. The rate of weight gain was significantly related to the likelihood of body weight and length measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age; however, the likelihood of head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at the follow-up assessment was not associated with the rate of weight gain.
Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months' Corrected Age According to Weight Gain Quartile
Table 4 displays the results of logistic-regression analyses, adjusted for center, that were run to further examine the relationship between weight gain quartile and neurodevelopment outcomes; variables known at birth or identified during the NICU hospitalization were controlled for in these models. Significant risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of CP were weight gain quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4), severe IVH, PVL, and postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease; SGA decreased the risk of CP. Weight gain quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4), black race, and BPD were risk factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MDI scores <70; female gender decreased the risk. Only PVL and postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease were significantly associated with an increase in the risk of PDI scores <70. Significant risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of NDI were weight gain quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4), PVL, and postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease; female gender decreased the risk. SGA (OR: 2.16; CI: 1.22–3.82; P < .01), maternal education less than high school (OR: 2.01; CI: 1.28–3.17; P < .01), and PVL (OR: 4.32; CI: 1.36–13.73; P < .05) were associated with an increased likelihood of body weight below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
Logistic-Regression Models Examining the Relationship Between Weight Gain Quartile and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: OR (95% CI) of Selected Risk Factors
The study cohort was also divided into quartiles based on the rate of head circumference growth. As shown in Table 5, the rate of head circumference growth increased from 0.7 to 1.2 cm per week between quartile 1 and quartile 4, and the head circumference at status was also significantly lower in quartile 1, at 30.9 cm. Note that these values for head circumference growth and head circumference at status differ slightly from those displayed in Table 2, in which the study cohort had been divided into quartiles based on the rate of weight gain. The values for postnatal and postmenstrual ages at status for the head circumference growth quartiles were similar to the values based on weight quartiles (data not shown). Selected neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age by quartiles of head circumference growth are displayed in Table 5. As the rate of head circumference growth increased between quartile 1 and quartile 4, the incidence of CP, MDI and PDI scores <70, abnormal neurologic examinations, and NDI fell significantly. In addition, the likelihood of head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age was significantly related with the rate of head circumference growth.
Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months' Corrected Age According to Head Circumference Growth Quartile
Table 6 displays the results of logistic-regression analyses, adjusted for center, that were run to further examine the relationship between head circumference growth quartile and neurodevelopment outcomes; variables known at birth or identified during the NICU hospitalization were controlled for in these models. Significant risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of CP were head circumference growth quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4), PVL, and steroids for pulmonary disease; SGA decreased the risk. Head circumference growth quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4), black race, Hispanic race, less than high school education, and BPD were risk factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood for MDI scores <70; female gender decreased the risk. PVL and postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease were risk factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood for PDI scores <70; head circumference growth quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4) was of borderline significance (P = .067). Significant risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of NDI were head circumference growth quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4) and postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease; female gender decreased the risk. Head circumference growth quartile (quartile 1 versus quartile 4; OR: 2.30; CI: 1.13–4.69; P < .05) and PVL (OR: 3.16; CI: 1.16–8.60; P < .05) were associated with an increased likelihood of head circumference below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
Logistic-Regression Models Examining the Relationship Between Head Circumference Growth Quartile and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: OR and 95% CI of Selected Risk Factors
The analyses performed for this study demonstrated that the in-hospital growth velocity of ELBW infants was associated with neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes and with the incidence of rehospitalization at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. As the rate of weight gain and head circumference growth increased, the incidence of CP, MDI and PDI scores <70, abnormal neurologic examination, and NDI fell (Tables 3 and 5). Furthermore, the influence of growth velocity remained after controlling for variables known at birth or identified during the infant's NICU hospitalization (Tables 4 and 6). In-hospital weight gain and head circumference growth were significantly related to the likelihood that anthropometric measurements would be below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age (Tables 3 and 5).
Dusick et al15 previously reported on growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age in a cohort of ELBW infants cared for at NICHD Neonatal Research Network Centers in 1993–1994. Forty-six percent of the infants were below the 10th percentile for weight and 43% were below the 10th percentile for length and head circumference at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. The likelihood of weight, length, and head circumference below the 10th percentile increased as birth weight fell. Additional factors related to poor growth included SGA, severe IVH/PVL, and abnormal swallow and abnormal neurologic examination at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. The current report demonstrates that, in addition to birth weight, in-hospital growth velocity influenced the likelihood of weight, length, and head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
As shown in Table 2, the infants who experienced the slowest growth velocity had the highest incidence of morbidities (proven NEC, late-onset infection, BPD, and postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease) that affect the provision and use of nutritional support and growth potential. We previously reported that infants with major morbidities regained birth weight later and gained weight more slowly than infants without morbidities1 and suggested that poorly nourished infants who were gaining weight slowly might be more prone to late-onset infection and to severe BPD. Others have suggested that the degree of undernutrition that occurs in many ELBW infants contributes to poor neurocognitive outcomes.16
The higher incidence of NEC in the infants in quartile 1 compared with the other quartiles (20% versus <7%) may have contributed to the slower rate of weight gain observed in infants in that quartile (Table 2). Others17,18 have reported slower weight gain during the hospitalization in infants with NEC compared with those without NEC. In addition, growth after discharge seems to be related to the severity of NEC; Walsh17 reported that approximately one third of the infants with severe NEC had body weights that were >2 standard deviations below the mean at 8 months' corrected age and head circumferences that were >2 standard deviations below the mean at 20 months' corrected age. Also, Hintz19 recently reported that compared with infants without a history of NEC, infants who had NEC managed surgically were significantly more likely to have body weight, length, and head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age; infants who had NEC managed medically had anthropometric measurements that were similar to the infants without a history of NEC. Furthermore, neurodevelopmental impairment has been observed more frequently in infants with severe NEC.17–21 Because of a lack of significance in the bivariate test results, NEC was not included in either logistic-regression model (Tables 4 and 6) examining the relationship between growth and neurodevelopmental outcome.
Poor nutrition is considered a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of BPD.22 The logistic-regression analyses demonstrated that BPD or postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease were significantly associated with CP, MDI scores <70, PDI scores <70, and NDI (Tables 4 and 6). Vohr13 has previously reported logistic-regression analyses in which both BPD and postnatal steroids for pulmonary disease were significant risk factors associated with the likelihood of neurodevelopmental impairment. Furthermore, postnatal steroid therapy for prevention or treatment of BPD has been shown to reduce the rate of weight gain23,24 and has been increasingly incriminated as a factor contributing to the development of CP and other neurodevelopmental impairments.25–29
Previous investigators30–32 have also reported an association between the severity of neonatal illness and postnatal head growth and have directly correlated head growth with neurodevelopmental outcome. In addition, infants with culture-positive and culture-negative infections are more likely than uninfected infants to have adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age and to have a head circumference <10th percentile at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age and at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.33 Our findings demonstrating an association between the incidence of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 to 22 months' corrected age with the rate of in-hospital head circumference growth are consistent with those reports. Hack et al34 have previously shown that the influence of subnormal head circumference growth persists and is associated with a greater risk of poor cognitive function at school age. Furthermore, the importance of postnatal body weight gain and head circumference growth were recently demonstrated by Latal-Hajnal and coworkers35; they reported that the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who were appropriate for gestational age at birth, but <10th percentile at 2 years of age were significantly worse than infants who were SGA at birth but >10th percentile at 2 years.
Conclusions drawn from these analyses are limited by the fact that although the NICU growth, morbidity, and follow-up data were collected prospectively in the Growth Observational Study, nutritional practices were not specified during the NICU hospitalization or postdischarge and vary widely between NICHD Neonatal Research Network Centers. In addition, management decisions relating to such practices as the timing of initiation and speed of advancement of enteral feedings were probably determined by the clinical team's impression of an infant's health; specifically, infants thought to be healthier might have been started on enteral feedings sooner and advanced more rapidly. As shown in Table 2, compared with quartile 1, infants in quartile 4 had lower incidences of proven NEC, late-onset infection, BPD, and postnatal steroid therapy for pulmonary disease, and thus may represent primarily healthier infants. Nonetheless, although infants in quartile 4 had the highest rate of weight gain, they seemed to regain birth weight later. However, as noted previously, the explanation for this apparent paradoxic observation probably relates to differences in severity of illness and management practices. Specifically, the higher rates of morbidities noted in quartile 1 compared with quartile 4 may have resulted in fluid management practices that led to fluid overload or edema, accounting for the observation that birth weight was never lost or regained earlier.36 This observation emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring the rate of in-hospital growth once birth weight has been regained. Because weight gain of >18 g/kg per day and head circumference growth of >0.9 cm per week are associated with better neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes, if those rates falter, the infant's diet should be reviewed and steps to ensure adequate nutritional support such as by increasing the dietary protein/energy ratio should be taken, if necessary.
This project was designed to use prospectively collected NICU growth, morbidity, and long-term follow-up data from a large heterogeneous population of ELBW infants to examine the impact of in-hospital growth velocity on outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that as the rate of weight gain increased, the incidence of CP, MDI and PDI scores <70, abnormal neurologic examination, and NDI and the need for rehospitalization fell significantly. Similar findings were observed as the rate of head circumference growth increased. The rate of weight gain was significantly associated with the likelihood of body weight and length measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 months' corrected age, but not head circumference. The rate of head circumference growth was significantly associated with the likelihood of head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile at 18 months' corrected age. In addition, logistic-regression models, adjusted for center, and controlled for variables present at birth or experienced during the hospitalization demonstrated that growth velocity during an ELBW infant's NICU hospitalization exerts a significant, and possibly independent, effect on neurodevelopmental outcomes of ELBW infants at 18 to 22 months' corrected age.
PARTICIPANTS IN THE NICHD NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK (1995–1999)
Participants in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network were: chairman, Alan Jobe, MD, PhD; University of Alabama (U10 HD34216): Waldemar A. Carlo, MD, Kathy Nelson, MD, and Monica V. Collins, RN; Case Western Reserve University (U10 HD21364): Avroy A. Fanaroff, MB, BCh, Maureen Hack, MD, Nancy Newman, RN, and Harriet Friedman, MA; University of Cincinnati (U10 HD27853, M01 RR 08084): Edward F. Donovan, MD, Jean J. Steichen, MD, Cathy Grisby, RN, and Tari Gratton, RN; Emory University (U10 HD27851): Barbara J. Stoll, MD, Neal Simon, MD, and Ellen Hale, RN; RTI International (U01 HD36790): W. Kenneth Poole, PhD, and Betty Hastings; Indiana University (U10 HD27856, M01 RR 00750): James A. Lemons, MD, Anna Dusick, MD, Diane Appel, RN, and Julie Ahlrichs, RN; University of Miami (U10 HD21397): Charles R. Bauer, MD, Amy Mur Worth, RN, and Wendy Griffin, RN; NICHD: Linda L. Wright, MD, and Elizabeth McClure, MEd; University of New Mexico (U10 HD27881, M01 RR 00997): Lu-Ann Papile, MD, Conra Backstom, RN, Jeanne Lowe, PhD, and Barbara Woodward, MPH, OTR/L; Stanford University (U10 HD27880, M01 RR 00070): David K. Stevenson, MD, Barry E. Fleisher, MD, and Bethany Ball, CCRC; University of Tennessee, Memphis (U10 HD21415): Sheldon B. Korones, MD, Henrietta Bada, MD, and Tina Hudson, RN; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (U10 HD21373): Jon E. Tyson, MD, MPH, Sue Broyles, MD, Susan Madison, RN, and Jackie Hickman, RN; Wayne State University (U10 HD21385): Seetha Shankaran, MD, Geraldine Muran, RN, and Rebecca Bara, RN; Yale University (U10 HD27871, M01 RR 06022): Richard A. Ehrenkranz, MD, Linda Mayes, MD, Patricia Gettner, RN, and Elaine Romano, MSN; Brigham and Woman's Hospital (U10 HD34167, M01 RR 02635, M01 RR 02172, M01 RR 01032): Ann R. Stark, MD, Kerri Fournier, RN, and Stacy Dow, RN; and Brown University (U10 HD27904): William Oh, MD, Betty Vohr, MD, Angelita Hensman, RNC, and Terri Leach, MED.
Address correspondence to Richard A. Ehrenkranz, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064. E-mail: richard.ehrenkranz{at}yale.edu
This work was presented in part at the annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies; May 12–16, 2000; Boston, MA.
The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
ELBW—extremely low birth weight • MDI—Mental Developmental Index • PDI—Psychomotor Developmental Index • PMA—postmenstrual age • CP—cerebral palsy • NDI—neurodevelopmental impairment • SGA—small for gestational age • NEC—necrotizing enterocolitis • IVH—intraventricular hemorrhage • PVL—periventricular leukomalacia • BPD—bronchopulmonary dysplasia • OR—odds ratio • CI—confidence interval
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Cooke RJ, Ainsworth SB, Fenton AC. Postnatal growth retardation: a universal problem in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.2004;89 :F428– F430
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Hay WW, Jr, Lucas A, Heird WC, et al. Workshop summary: nutrition of the extremely low birth weight infant. Pediatrics.1999;104 :1360– 1368
Dobbing J. Nutritional growth restriction and the nervous system. In: Davison AN, Thompson RHS, eds. The Molecular Basis of Neuropathology. London, United Kingdom: Edward Arnold; 1981:231–233
Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ. Malnutrition and the brain: changing concepts, changing concerns. J Nutr.1995;125 :2212S– 2220S
Grantham-McGregor S. A review of studies of the effect of severe malnutrition on mental development. J Nutr.1995;125 :2233S– 2238S
Brown JL, Pollitt E. Malnutrition, poverty and intellectual development. Sci Am.1996;274(2) :38– 43
Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, et al. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, May 1991 through December 1992. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1995;173 :1423– 1431
Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Lemons JA, et al. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1993 through December 1994. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1998;179 :1632– 1639
Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, et al. Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993–1994. Pediatrics.2000;105 :1216– 1226
Ogden CL, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version. Pediatrics.2002;109 :45– 60
Dusick AM, Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA. Growth failure in the preterm infant: can we catch up? Semin Perinatol.2003;27 :302– 310
Ziegler EE, Thureen PJ, Carlson SJ. Aggressive nutrition of the very low birth weight infant. Clin Perinatol.2002;29 :225– 244
Walsh MC, Kliegman RM, Hack M. Severity of necrotizing enterocolitis: influence on outcome at 2 years of age. Pediatrics.1989;84 :808– 814
Sonntag J, Grimmer I, Scholz T, Metze B, Wit J, Obladen M. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birthweight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr.2000;89 :528– 532
Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, et al., for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcome of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics.2005;115 :696– 703
Simon NP. Follow-up for infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol.1994;21 :411– 424
Salhab WA, Perlman JM, Silver L, Broyles RS. Necrotizing enterocolitis and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants < 1000 g. J Perinatol.2004;24 :534– 540
Frank L, Sosenko IRS. Undernutrition as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am Rev Respir Dis.1988;138 :725– 729
Papile LA, Tyson JE, Stoll BJ, et al. A multicenter trial of two dexamethasone regimens in ventilator-dependent premature infants. N Engl J Med.1998;338 :1112– 1118
Romagnoli C, Zecca E, Vento G, De Carolis MP, Papacci P, Tortorolo G. Early postnatal dexamethasone for the prevention of chronic lung disease in high risk infants. Intensive Care Med.1999;25 :717– 721
Yeh TF, Lin YJ, Huang CC, et al. Early dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants: a follow-up study. Pediatrics.1998;101(5) . Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/5/e7
O'Shea TM, Kothadia JM, Klinepeter KL, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of a 42-day tapering course of dexamethasone to reduce the duration of ventilator dependency in very low birth weight infants: outcome of study participants at 1-year adjusted age. Pediatrics.1999;104 :15– 21
Halliday HL, Ehrenkranz RA, Doyle LW. Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants [Cochrane review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2003;1 :CD00146
Halliday HL, Ehrenkranz RA, Doyle LW. Delayed postnatal (>3 weeks) postnatal corticiosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants [Cochrane review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2003;1 :CD00145
AAP, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Postnatal corticosteroids to treat or prevent lung disease in preterm infants. Pediatrics.2002;109 :330– 338
Georgieff MK, Hoffman JS, Pereira GR, Bernbaum J, Hoffman-Williamson M. Effect of neonatal caloric deprivation on head growth and 1-year developmental status in preterm infants. J Pediatr.1985;107 :581– 587
Gross SJ, Oehler JM, Eckerman CO. Head growth and developmental outcome in very low-birth-weight infants. Pediatrics.1983;71 :70– 75
Hack M, Breslau N, Fanaroff AA. Differential effects of intrauterine and postnatal growth failure in infants of very low birth weight. Am J Dis Child.1989;143 :63– 68
Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Adams-Chapman I, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection. JAMA.2004;292 :2357– 2365
Hack M, Breslau N, Weissman B, Aram D, Klein N, Borawski E. Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age. N Engl J Med.1991;325 :231– 237
Latal-Hajnal B, Von Siebenthal K, Kovari H, Bucher HU, Largo RM. Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: significant association with neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr.2003;143 :163– 170
Oh W, Poindexter BB, Peritt R, et al. Association between fluid and weight loss during the first ten days of life and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr.2005;147 :786– 790
You are going to email the following Growth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Influences Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Anna M. Dusick, Betty R. Vohr, Linda L. Wright, Lisa A. Wrage, W. Kenneth Poole
Pediatrics Apr 2006, 117 (4) 1253-1261; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1368
Fetus/Newborn Infant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Government of Telangana, Ministry of External Affairs, NPCI, MeitY and Many Others Participated at India's First Mega Scale Datacentre & Cloud Conference
New Delhi, India, Dec 6, 2021 – (ACN Newswire via SEAPRWire.com) – At a time when India is generating colossal volumes of data with its 600 million plus active internet users, Tradepass hosted the country's first mega scale datacentre & cloud conference, i.e., Datacentre and Cloud Infrastructure Summit (DCCI) 2021: India, virtually on 23 – 24 November.
The conference was one of a kind for the country, as it hosted 700+ datacentre & cloud professionals on a single virtual platform including the C-suite executives from the leading organizations across India and the top officials from Government of Telangana, Ministry of External Affairs, National Payments Corporation of India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Bombay Stock Exchange, NITI Aayog and many others.
Even CISCO took the centerstage during the conference and gave an insightful talk on the 'multi-Cloud' landscape, whereas Panduit had its own exclusive virtual exhibition booth to showcase their datacentre & cloud oriented solutions.
While sharing crucial insights on the future of datacentres in India, Shri Jayesh Ranjan (Principal Secretary, The Industries & Commerce (I&C) & Information Technology (IT) Departments, Government of Telangana) expressed, "Amazon Web Services (AWS), they have created 3 mega datacentres in Telangana which are in their standards the largest ever. They are investing close to 2.7 billion dollars. In fact, this is the biggest FDI Telangana state has received after its formation".
Uma Chauhan (Senior Director & Scientist G, MeitY, Government of India) gave some noteworthy points on the power capacity of the Indian datacentres, she stated, "As you are all aware, the way data is growing in India, we need more and more datacentres. The present capacity of the datacentres is not sufficient enough for the next five years. So, as per the reports, the data which is available with us, the total present capacity for the datacentres right now is 447 megawatts and it is assumed that the datacentre capacity is going to grow 3 times by the year 2025."
The conference highlighted the latest developments in the Indian datacentre & cloud industry and stated the recent stance of the government in the development of the sector. By and large, DCCI 2021: India was filled with insightful presentations, knowledge packed fireside chats and panel discussions, that witnessed the participation from some leading thought leaders and the best-in-class experts from the industry. Some of the most pressing topics from the conference included 'Data sovereignty in the age of cloud computing', 'Datacentre in a 5G enabled world', 'Cloud Security', 'Datacentres & Cloud powering India's digital economy boom' and many others.
While expressing his views on the involvement of datacentres & cloud, in powering India's digital economy boom, Neeraj Sinha (Senior Advisor, Niti Aayog) mentioned, "In November 2020, government of India's Ministry of Electronics & IT had released a draft policy which will give the datacentre sector, infrastructure status. Now, some firms in the sector expect that the status won't be awarded in the next 5 years."
When enquired about the execution of the entire event, organizer and CEO of Tradepass, Sudhir Jena expressed, "Datacentre and Cloud Infrastructure Summit (DCCI) 2021: India gave a future road map concerning the nation's datacentre & cloud industry. It also facilitated networking between the public & private sector, including the key stakeholders from the industry and that was the most pressing need of the hour to say the least".
For more information about the summit, log onto https://india.dccisummit.com/
About Tradepass
Tradepass provides elite business networking platforms across the MEA, APAC and Europe that connects the world of tech buyers with market intelligence, insightful use-cases, and innovative solutions from global experts, investors, and business partners.
Shrinkhal Sharad
PR & Communication Executive
shrinkhals@tradepassglobal.com
Tradepass
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text:
BMX Boy Review
BMX Boy is a simple but addictive mobile game that anyone can play for free. This game consists of bouncing a bike along the different tracks in a mountain village and collecting the coins you go. The only way to know if it doesn't work is to try it. It's a lot of fun and I really clung to it in a very short time. The commands are quite easy and with a little everyone practical can enjoy this game. I read a lot of comments about the game and some of them say it's very addictive to play. It is certainly difficult to stop playing since you want to keep going back to save your damaged bike and reach the finish line. In fact, there are so many people who have already beat the game that it is almost impossible to lose. A few people who played the game to recommend to other BMX drivers, which is good because more people who use it, sales more possible, there will be for this game. For the most part, there is no really cool feature that comes with the game. Personally, I think it's a free online game and recommend to anyone who likes to ride their bike games or play. If you can not get enough of this game, you can also play online because it is an almost infinite game that you can play. The only downfall of the free online game is that I don't think there are enough areas to do. There aren't many tracks you can go through and that's what I liked. You can go back and try the game again if you want, but you can't go past each track because you haven't finished it. There's not a lot of the way of levels and you can't move without having your bike at the end of the track. If you like games, you will be able to find something to do in this game. It is also an excellent means
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"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo."
People have asked whether "The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo," the English-language adaptation of Steig Larsson's hit novel, would be getting a sequel since the movie opened in 2011. Five years later it looks like we're getting closer.
Sony is looking to bring on director Fede Alvarez to continue the dark adventures of journalist Mikael Blomkvist and hacker Lisbeth Salander, according to Variety. Alvarez is a rising star at the moment over at the studio, as he directed one of the summer's biggest box office surprises, "Don't Breathe" for Sony Screen Gems, which has earned over $150 million worldwide (on a $9.9 million budget).
David Fincher ("Fight Club," "Gone Girl") directed the 2011 "Tattoo" with Rooney Mara playing Salander and Daniel Craig as Blomkvist with plans of making adaptations of the two books that followed, "The Girl Who Played with Fire" and "The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest." But he finally left the project due to creative differences with the heads at Sony (there was a Swedish film adaptation of "Tattoo" made in 2009, as well as for the two books that followed).
Alvarez will not be picking up where Fincher left off. Instead, he will take on the fourth book that was released in 2015, "The Girl in the Spider's Web," written by David Lagercrantz (Larsson died in 2004), according to Variety.
The story follows Blomkvist and Salander as they head into a world of underworld spies and cybercriminals.
Sony quickly snatched up the rights to the book and have fast tracked the movie version to be made by next year.
There's no word yet if Mara or Craig will reprise their roles. Business Insider reached out to Sony for comment.


Fold down brief bottom in solid colour and feather inspired print on inside waist. Fully lined and gold logo badge at left leg opening. This bottom is a multiway wear where you can have the waist up or folded down.


text:
Birds' Paradise is located in Tianma Village, Xinhui District, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China. It is a unique tourist attraction which is known for its beautiful natural environment and rich bird life. The main body of Birds' Paradise is a small island with a thick banyan tree forest on it. In 1933, Ba Jin () happened to take a trip here, and was deeply impressed by its wonderful views, so he wrote a famous article, Birds' Heaven to in memory of this special experience. In 1984, Ba Jin () inscribed the words 小鳥天堂, and since then, this place was named after Birds' Paradise (). In 2016, the local government decided to make Birds' Paradise a national wetland park.

History

Its history can date back to the late Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty. It is said that a serious drought attacked the village around that time, so the villagers tried their best to dredge a river to water the farmland. However, the rich man in the village and the officers strongly disagreed with this, and they forced the villagers to block the channel, because they thought the river would destroy the geomancy (), which might become a threat to them later. Therefore, the villagers had no choice but to fill the river with soil, and thus a small island was formed. Someone inserted a branch into the small island, and the branch sprouted and grew into a banyan tree in the next year. Many years later that banyan tree had spread and developed into a forest, which gradually covered the island.

Biology and ecology

Animals
There are almost 40 species of birds inhabiting the forest in Birds' Paradise. The black-crowned night heron, Chinese pond heron and the western cattle egret are the most common birds found on the island. In addition, there are also other species of birds like the great egret, white wagtail, oriental magpie-robin, Eurasian blackbird, great tit, light-vented bulbul and the red-whiskered bulbul.

Flora
The thick forest on the island consists of many banyan trees. Among the forest, there is one especially large and ancient banyan tree, and it is so large that even ten people can not hold the tree. Besides, in order to make the environment more suitable for the birds to live, the staffs plant some other plants like Anubias, Salix babylonica, Hedychium coronarium, Nelumbo, Nelumbo nucifera and Argyranthemum frutescens, so that the ecosystem there can be more intact.

Tourist attractions

Water Channel (榕荫水道)
The water channel around the island contains many banyan trees on both sides. These provide shade for visitors who can take boat trips to enjoy the scenery, as well as listen to local folk tunes, sung by professional singers.

Bird Museum (鸟博馆)
Covering an area of over 1500 square meters, the bird museum aims to share information about the site's avian fauna. Different kinds of bird specimens and pictures are displayed, whilst live bird shows are provided by trained staff.

Waterfront Culture Pavilion (水乡风情展示馆)
This pavilion shows visitors the special waterfront culture in Lingnan area (). It contains exhibits relating to waterfront culture, including hand-tools, furniture, and old-styled clothing. Many items have been donated by the local people.

Artwork

Ba Jin (巴金) – Birds' Heaven
Birds' Paradise was made famous by the passage Birds' Heaven, written by Ba Jin, a renowned Chinese writer. He visited the site in 1993 with friends, and was so impressed by the beautiful scene that he wrote about his trip. Many years later, this passage, Birds' Heaven, was listed into the textbook for primary school students. As a result of this article, many more people now know about this place.

Wu Guanzhong (吴冠中) – Paradise for Small Birds
This picture is an ink painting painted by Wu Guanzhong in 1989. After hearing about Birds' Paradise, Wu Guanzhong looked forward to visiting because he thought the site might accord with his own ideal image of paradise. When he finally arrived, he was so impressed by its scenery that he decided to draw it. In 1992, Wu Guanzhong donated this picture to the British Museum in London.

References

Guangdong

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Unfortunately David Barton just keeps bumbling through his own private and highly fallacious rewrite of American history. Barton's remarks during an appearance on the 700 Club during the summer of 2002 sparked the following email I received from Glen Goffin. The 700 Club transcript of those remarks can be reviewed at "David Barton on the Foundations of American Freedom"
A Reply to "David Barton on the Foundations of American Freedom"
This is pathetic. So is anyone who believes anything that Barton says without verifying his every word.
Pat Robertson: You always inspire us. The question is asked, was America founded as a Christian nation? We have said yes, yes, yes. But you have the proof.
David Barton:. . . by one of the guys who fought in the revolution, . . .
(Another nice trick!) He [JQA] traveled to Europe with his father in 1777 and didn't return until 1785. I guess that means he was 10 years old or younger when he fought in the revolution. He did "observe" the activity at Bunker Hill...if you can believe the White House history.
Born in Braintree, Massachusetts, in 1767, he watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from the top of Penn's Hill above the family farm.
[b]David Barton: who became a president, John Quincy Adams. (Omission)... So this is a guy who fought in it, and all these years later he is saying, we did this as a Christian nation. The Declaration of Independence formed all of the principles of Christianity into our form of government. They said that on a regular basis, and it was they who said it was a Christian nation.
xxxxx Who, exactly, is this "they?"
[b]Pat Robertson: . . . He was the son of John Adams, who was very instrumental in the Declaration of Independence. It was Jefferson who penned it, but Adams was right there in all those debates and deliberations. He was probably the preeminent member of that deliberative body.
David Barton: John Adams was really the key decision-maker behind the scenes. He's the guy who convinced everybody else that it should be George Washington as Commander in Chief instead of Charles Lee. He's the guy who convinced everybody else that Jefferson ought to be the chief writer of the Declaration. Adams persuaded everyone else, and Jefferson said Adams is the guy who best aticulated the principles. And it is interesting, too, that on the day they approved the Declaration, John Adams said that the Fourth of July should be celebrated as a day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty.
Pat Robertson: He said that?
xxxxx Yup! This is what he "WROTE"... and to whom.
The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations, from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward, forevermore.
Pat Robertson: When we had a revolution to free ourselves from Great Britain there was a motto. What was that motto?
Pat Robertson: David, you've studied all of this. Doesn't it break your heart to see what these courts are doing to strip our religious heritage?
The rest of this the Robertson-Barton dialogue serves only one purpose... propaganda brainwashing/conditioning. It is frustrating and very scary to realize that this kind of outright, selective, rewrite of history is actually believed by so many Americans because they desperately need the reassurance that they aren't worshipping a false God/prophet. Yet here is one of the biggest Pied Piper liars to come along in decades filling the gullible with nonsense history in order to advance his personal power base, political influence and bank account.
To suggest that America's Founding Fathers envisioned a society built on the premise that "We have no king but Jesus" is challenged by many scholars. According to historians of the revolutionary era, many of the Founding Fathers staunchly opposed any sectarian creed as the basis for the new country, as is reflected in the First Amendment and in the public statements and writings of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Tom Paine and others.
What few folks seem not to know about the "Treaty with Tripoli" is that President Adams, after signing, added a personal statement to it.
"Now be it known, That I John Adams, President of the United States of America, having seen and considered the said Treaty do, by and with the advice consent of the Senate, accept, ratify, and confirm the same, and every clause and article thereof. And to the End that the said Treaty may be observed and performed with good Faith on the part of the United States, I have ordered the premises to be made public; And I do hereby enjoin and require all persons bearing office civil or military within the United States, and all others citizens or inhabitants thereof, faithfully to observe and fulfil the said Treaty and every clause and article thereof."
End of Email to me from "Glen P. Goffin"
Some additional discussion on the "motto"
I was sent the following copied email by Catharine Cookson, J.D., Ph.D., the Director of The Center for the Study of Religious Freedom at Virginia Wesleyan College in Virginia Beach, Va, January 16, 2001.
I read this on a list serv today and thought I'd pass it on--the language, to me, seems odd for that time period. I didn't think that they were into the "Jesus" language then, that that was a second great awakening, 19th century characteristic....?
According to the New York Times, in his speech at Bob Jones University, then-Sen. Ashcroft said, "A slogan of the American Revolution, which was so distressing to the emissaries of the king that it was found in correspondence sent back to England, was the line 'we have no king but Jesus.'" Can anybody describe the context of the slogan (who said it, etc.), and a reference to the correspondence to which Ashcroft refers?
Subject: Jesus is not my king, or the king of many American citizens.
It is apparent that you have not well researched the origin of "No King but Jesus" Slogan.
In your neglect, you have insulted every American citizen who doesn't consider Jesus a king of any kind, no less their own personal king. You have insulted Unitarians, Muslims, Jains, Hindus, Buddhists, Ethical Culturists, Deists, Agnostics, Secular Humanists, Atheists, et.al.
But I doubt you would acknowledge this because it doesn't serve your agenda.
As you know Mr. Ashcroft began his Bob Jones speech by citing what he claimed was "a slogan of the American Revolution", supposedly directed by the patriots at George III's emissaries--that "we have no King but Jesus". He repeated that view under questioning by Arlen Specter before the Senate Judiciary Committee on January 17.
Which is all very interesting but highly misleading. The line Mr. Ashcroft quoted is best known as the slogan of a radical religious sect of the 17th century English Revolution, the Fifth Monarchy Men.
The Fifth Monarchists took their name from the biblical prophecy in the Book of Daniel that four successive monarchies would precede the coming of an eternal kingdom. Like other millenarians of the time, they believed that, following the execution of Charles I in 1649, the Fifth Monarchy was nigh, and that its King would be Jesus.
"The Fifth Monarchists", writes B. S. Capp, the leading scholarly authority on the group, "were a political and religious sect expecting the immanent Kingdom of Christ on Earth, a theocratic regime in which the saints would establish a godly discipline over the unregenerate masses and prepare for the Second Coming".
Crushed by the royalist restoration in 1660, the Fifth Monarchy Men faded into oblivion. Their beliefs survived in the radical plebeian English underground, and popped up here and there in the colonies. But their battlecry--"No King but King Jesus"--was hardly "a slogan of the American Revolution", along the lines of "no taxation without representation", or "give me liberty or give me death". No major patriot leader took the Fifth Monarchist line. In his Bob Jones address, Mr. Ashcroft confused his centuries, his slogans--and his revolutions. And you have repeated his error.
Ashcroft also mistakenly implied that the Declaration of Independence was a Christian text. The "no king but Jesus" motto, he said at Bob Jones, eventually turned up in what he called our nation's "fundamental documents." After all, he noted, the Declaration spoke of rights "endowed by [the] Creator".
The uncomfortable historical fact is that the author of the Declaration, Thomas Jefferson, was a deist, who doubted the divinity (let along the kingship) of Jesus. But no matter: to Mr. Ashcroft, the Creator could only mean Christ. "America has been different", he explained. "We have no king but Jesus."
No one, anymore, expects our public officials to be well-versed in history (although maybe we should). But for a prospective attorney general to endorse the motto of an old English theocratic sect--to proclaim it, mistakenly, as a motto of our Revolution and, indeed, of our nation--is troubling. And it is no less troubling for that same man.
To suggest that Jefferson's Declaration of Independence conveyed some deep Christian or theological message is ridiculous. The Constitution upon which our government is founded is a godless Constitution.
John Ashcroft is wrong. In America, we have no king. Period. That is what the Revolution achieved--not the vaunting of Jesus Christ. In his speech at Bob Jones University, Mr. Ashcroft asserted the opposite view. Senators considering Mr. Ashcroft's nomination as attorney-general should ask him to explain himself.
You have insulted every American citizen who doesn't consider Jesus their king or a king at all.
 The Livingston letter, referenced in note 7, also details these points.


text:
mission45
life in transition
Career&Growth
About Mission 45
Leading Your Emotions
stevan vranes August 1, 2016 August 1, 2016 Leadership
Monday morning office reading.
I have already said in one of my previous posts that working in this part of the world includes higher emotional notes while doing business. If I were to be very explicit and speak my native drama language: we go from comedy to tragedy and back in 30 minutes or less. I'm a graduated drama writer, I have a lot of experience working with artists and journalists, so one could say I have an unofficial PhD in dealing with high emotions at work.
During job interviews you usually get questions about your leadership style. I never thought too much about that because leadership was kind of a natural thing for me. It looked to me like explaining how to ride a bicycle or run. But then I started thinking about it a bit more. I will explain 3 situations because I hate big quotes, general wisdoms and tips and tricks that you can find on Facebook and LinkedIn posts.
Once I was in a position to take over a team that came to the very end in cooperation with their previous supervisor. They simply didn't manage to find the way to work together. Supervisor was right, but still… Elegant solution was to do some kind of re-shuffling of duties and I got this team. No one was humiliated. At the first meeting I was the only new person there. But I jumped immediately into the topic and started working on major issues right away. After the meeting, the marketing director approached me and said: "You said all the same things as the colleague who led the team before. They were after his head and now they smile and they are happy to listen to you. What is the deal?"
Respecting people's emotions is one of the key things while leading teams in my opinion. You can tell someone bad news in a way that hurts the least or you can tell them very good news but people will still feel like shit. Respect emotions.
The second example refers to the time when I was unable to establish successful cooperation with one of my peers. Nature of the job was pushing us toward very close cooperation and it simply didn't work in the long term. After one big and unpleasant talk about it, with the outcome that one of us should leave the company, we had a presentation for major client. And the presentation went extremely good. Few weeks later, other colleagues were shocked by the fact that no one could tell or feel anything about what is going on in the backstage. It looked like well-rehearsed presentation of two guys who work smoothly together.
It's again about respecting emotions. There is always a time and a place for everything. Even if you have to tell someone toughest things pick the time and place to do it. And exclude the unnecessary audience.
While my first two examples are about staying and fighting, my last one is about leaving. I think that one of the worst things that can happen to you as a leader of the team is to stand in front of them, lie to them and know that they are aware of it. I was in a position at one point of my career to do that too often. Sometimes you can fight against it but sometimes you are simply defeated. And I'm not the person who plays Force Majeure card. "The big boss ordered" or "We have to do it like that…"
Then your only choice is to leave. In that way you respect emotions and intelligence of the people you lead, but you also respect your own emotions. Of course, if integrity is something you value.
Leading your own emotions is essential for successful leadership of teams and people. Respecting other people's emotions is even more important. This doesn't mean that you can't be tough and demanding. It just means that people should respect you enough to wish you to be successful. Otherwise it's like forcing someone to love you.
Showing emotions in business is not my cup of tea. But respecting emotions in business is. Cheers to that!
Career, emotions, Leadership, personal growth
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This is for an ambitious and highly motivated software developer to work in a tight knit team providing innovative solutions. All of their systems are large and bespoke, which is when considering they are the largest company in their market will inspire and excite the ideal candidate rather than intimidate. Members of this team research and develop new ways of working and advance the companies technical agenda using C#, SQL, MVC, Test Driven Development and much more.
They are the market leader in Europe and a turnover exceeding £180 million and over 1500 employees. However whilst they have the stability of a large company, they are still privately owned, the IT department sit amongst an open planned office and there are no suits!
If you are looking for a job where you can really , onhone your development skills with lots of reign on greenfield site development this is the role for you.
Make your mark - apply today!


Money giveaways are my favorite. Everyone can use the extra cash.
Money Nomad has partnered with Flight Canvas to offer an awesome giveaway! Enter below for a chance to win $50 in PayPal cash and a one year subscription to Flight Canvas - a service that shares the best round trip deals from the US to the rest of the world. Discover round trip flights for under $400 to Asia and Europe! Enter below and visit FlightCanvas.net before June 12 to receive a 1 month free trial.


"traditional . tart . tang"
Our Cranberry Blood Orange Cognac Gourmet Chutney is a traditional cranberry chutney with an orange inspired twist. This gourmet cranberry sauce is bursting with fruit, tang and a hint of orange Cognac liquor. Made with New England cranberries, fresh orange, apples, raisins and spices, it makes a beautiful sauce perfect for all your white roasted meats, baked ham, and holiday favorites. An elegant pairing for Camembert and Brie cheese and a holiday entertaining favorite. The perfect addition to any fall gourmet gift basket and cheese board.
Always a first choice for a holiday themed gourmet gift basket, because it's just so easy to use.
✤ Cheese Plate: Pairs perfectly with ripe Brie, Camembert or goats cheeses.
✤ Side: Perfect for all your roasted white meats.
✤ Dressing: Spoon or toss through a salad of baby spinach, red onion, thin brie slices, avocado and candied walnuts.
✤ Sauce: sweet and sour chicken; Brown chicken with red onion and chopped garlic. Add 1 cup of apple juice, bring to a simmer and reduce by half. Finish with Cranberry Blood Orange Cognac Chutney, fresh basil. Serve with rice.
✤ Glaze: Our cranberry orange chutney makes a delicious glaze for pork, turkey, chicken and baked Brie.
Ingredients: Cranberries. Apples. Raisins. Orange Juice 100%. Cane Sugar. Blood Orange Pulp. Cognac-Orange liqueur. Orange zest. Cinnamon. Spices. Sea salt.


Here some of the places that Joe Jesse goes to for his Magic fix.
Charlie and Sherry Frye Charlie Frye's Eccentrics 1, 2, and 3 are some of the best dvd's out on the market. Go and see why Charlie Frye is one of the best entertianers around. Comedy, Juggling, and great magic. Charlie is the man!!!
Nathan Kranzo You may have seen his magic on the TV series The Virtual Magician which aired in over 40 Countries! Nathan has also been a featured performer at the world famous Magic Castle in Hollywood, California.
Sean Fields Sean Fields is an unique entertainer, mixing psychology and illusion to create eerily realistic experience.
Eric Jones Armed with cunning sleight-of-hand and a charming personality, Eric dazzles his audiences with his digital dexterity.
IBM International Brotherhood of Magicians The stepping stone for many magicians.
Trickmastermagic The East Coast's biggest wholesaler of magic supplies. Cheap prices and fast service make them the best.
Grand Strand Magician Society See what the members of Ring 334 are up to when you visit the beach. You can find our meeting schedual on our site.
John Tudor He's won high honors and respect from his peers, taking first place in SC Close Up Magic Competition, second place in the Southeastern Stage Magic Competition, and a Presidential Citation from the International Brotherhood of Magicians.
Chris CornwellPerforming magic for over 15 years. Semi-professional, Close-Up Magician.
No matter what you want to call it, it takes ALOT of talent. This is where Joe Jesse first fell in love with Cards.
Decknique This is Cardistry at it's finest. If you don't know what Cardistry is then you will have to go and look for yourself.
Superhandz Some of the greatest manipulators frequent this site.
The Flourishman Jerry is one of the best manipulators. He wrote the book on playing card flourishes.
Listed here are some good friends of Joe Jesse. Take a look around!!!!
Elite Tattooing Myrtle Beach, South Carolina's best tattoo studio.
Riff's Hollywood Rock is not dead!!! From the biggest parties to rubbing elbows with rockstars Riff is the man who does it all.


text:
Review: 'Welcome to Happiness' Is a Feature-Length Supercut of First-Time Filmmaker Mistakes
Review: 'Welcome to Happiness' Is a Feature-Length Supercut of First-Time Filmmaker Mistakes
David Ehrlich
@davidehrlich
Bad movies are a dime a dozen, but the truly pitiable ones are few and far between. Oliver Thompson's spellbindingly awful "Welcome to Happiness" isn't much worse than most first features — and, in some respects, it's far more ambitious — but this star-studded mess is the rare film that confronts you with the helplessness of watching someone self-sabotage their own work. Unfocused and unformed in the way that only a rookie effort can be, Thompson's debut is only enjoyable in fits and starts, but most of it is touched with a guilelessness that makes it difficult to hate.
Things begin with promise, as the intriguingly enigmatic opening scene sets the stage for a movie we'll never get to see. Woody, a frustrated children's lit author, played by "Veronica Mars" alum Kyle Gallner, is twiddling his thumbs at home when a young woman he's never met before knocks on his door. He welcomes the stranger into his apartment as though he had been expecting her, puts a small rock in her hands, and begins to ask her a series of invasively personal questions. Eventually — long after the girl has begun to sob — Woody leads her into his closet, and shows her a small door in the floor. He isn't sure what's on the other side, but he assures his guest that what she finds there will change her life for the better.
After just a few minutes, "Welcome to Happiness" already has the makings of a neat riff on the wish-fulfillment fictions of Rod Serling or Richard Matheson. The jerky use of Wes Anderson whip-pans and the poorly mixed (and even more poorly placed) original music are worrying, but the premise overpowers such elements. And then, for reasons that only Thompson may ever fully understand, the film carpet-bombs its potential with extreme prejudice.
READ MORE: Tribeca Review: Olivia Thirlby and Ben Feldman Have Commitment Issues in the Heartbreaking 'Between Us'
Instead of exploring the story of a guy who serves as the reluctant gatekeeper to an extraordinary world, Thompson all but ditches his protagonist for a hodgepodge of exasperating characters, pinging around from one to the next without rhyme or reason. It quickly becomes clear that Thompson's chief source of inspiration isn't one of the great writers of speculative fiction, but rather the TV show "Lost," and he's trying to cram a whole season of it into less than two hours. But where "Lost" was anchored to that mysterious island, "Welcome to Happiness" is absent any such foundation. So — for example — when it abruptly cuts to a scene in which Big Head from "Silicon Valley" (née Josh Brener, delivering a genuinely heartfelt performance) has a jittery conversation about baseball cards with a suicidal dolt (Brendan Sexton III), you can't help but wonder who the hell these people are or why you should care. In a vivid fantasy like "Cloud Atlas," such narrative leaps and lingering questions might feel expressive of a greater design, but in a movie that often feels like a very stoned "Garden State," not so much.
Things spark to life whenever the film checks in on Woody, particularly as he begins to flirt with the new girl in his apartment complex (Olivia Thirlby, bringing an effortless charm to a dead end role). How do you tell your crush that random people sometimes swing by because there's a portal to another dimension in your closet? It's a rhetorical question, but rest assured that Woody eventually arrives at the worst possible answer. Before we get there, of course, we have to spend some time with a wizened landlord (played by Nick Offerman, natch), a manic cat art enthusiast (a helpless Keegan-Michael Key) and Lillian, his pixie-like partner in bizarro wish-fulfillment (Molly C. Quinn). Yes, it's a strong cast, but the recognizability of these actors only calls attention to the amateurishness of the film around them — you can't help but wonder how they wound up here, and grow anxious for them to return somewhere else.
Individual scenes are a hodgepodge of disparate tones, wild comic zaniness colliding with inert drama as Thompson fails to meld magical-realism with genuine human pathos. At one point, Lillian leads Ripley up a flight of stairs — there's no suspense here, just two strangers walking up a staircase — and Thompson shoots the sequence in thudding slow-motion so that he can squeeze in more of the cheesy folk tunes that songwriter Peter LeClair wrote for the film. It's a head-scratching creative choice, but one that's typical of a movie in which the maddeningly overbearing music is often at war with whatever's happening on screen.
But that business on the staircase is most telling because it crystallizes the impression that Thompson is just stalling for time, and that theory only grows more convincing as the story twirls towards its asinine point. Fortunately, you'll know the exact moment that it gets there, as one character has the kindness to put it into plain English: "Everything happens for a reason." A tough break for anyone who likes thinking or satisfying dramatic resolutions. Without revealing the particulars, Woody figures out that his clients are effectively being given the chance to undo a terrible mistake, only to learn that it's better to think on the present than it is to dwell on the past. Hopefully, Thompson will heed his own advice, learning from his mistakes and adjusting his posture for the next time he decides to tilt at windmills.
A choppy sea of needlessly ruinous creative choices, "Welcome to Happiness" is why we have screenwriting labs. It's why people have friends and family screenings. It's why filmmakers have collaborators who they can trust, and to whom they're willing to listen. This movie is an advertisement for film school — unless Thompson went to film school, in which case this movie is a cautionary tale about film school. Watching a bad movie can be fun, but watching something like this is like sitting in the front row as your kid forgets their lines during the school play. It's not the worst film of the year, but it might be the most unfortunate. And yet, perhaps something good will come of it. After all, everything happens for a reason.
Grade: D-
"Welcome to Happiness" opens in theaters and on VOD on Friday.
This Article is related to: Reviews and tagged Kyle Gallner, Nick Offerman, Olivia Thirlby, Welcome to Happiness


Making an Application for ATE TPF. When to obtain Counsel Advice?
A question which is often asked when solicitors call to enquire about making a new application is whether an Advice from Counsel is necessary in order to obtain ATE insurance and/or litigation funding terms.
The short answer is "no" – there is not a pre-requisite to obtain a barrister's Opinion per se. Clearly, however, a supportive Opinion from a well-respected Counsel is likely to be given some weight by the ATE insurers and risk assessors who are considering the papers.
Nevertheless, there are a number of cases where after the event insurers or third party funders will most likely want to see an Opinion before formulating their decision. While there is no hard and fast rule, if the Defence has already been served (and especially if the case is fast approaching trial), or if the case is a particularly complex one (i.e. the claim involves a novel, untested area of the law), there is a reasonable chance that ATE insurers and/or litigation funders will request sight of an Advice from Counsel, if one has not already been provided.
Equally, there are some areas of law, such as intellectual property, competition law, construction and tax litigation, in which insurers are likely to be less well-versed and consequently a clear and convincing Counsel's Opinion will probably be required.
In deciding whether to obtain an Advice from Counsel, clearly the price of doing so must be taken into account. However, it is worth remembering that, should they choose to offer terms on the risk, ATE insurers and litigation funders can potentially provide retrospective cover and/or funding for any Advice already obtained.
Therefore, while an Opinion is certainly preferable, it's not always required. Where cost is a concern we recommend you speak to one of our brokers as there may be ways of mitigating the expense e.g. whether by retrospective funding or ATE insurance, or alternatively by narrowing the instructions to Counsel to only deal with points required by assessors. Conferences with Counsel can also be a more cost effective means to satisfying ATE insurers' or litigation funders' due diligence.


text:
Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #17
Batman becomes more and more addicted to the strength-enhancing drug, but have things gone too far? Can he pull himself together before he's exploited? Or will one of his closest allies be caught in the crossfire between The Dark Knight and a dark dependence?
Dennis O'Neil
Art by:
Russ Braun Jose Luis Garcia-Lopez Trevor Von Eeden
Cover by:
Jose Luis Garcia-Lopez
Superhero Crime
Collected Edition
Batman: Venom
A rotating roster of the world's top comic book creators deliver unique tales starring Batman in this acclaimed anthology series! Spanning the career of the Dark Knight, these stories celebrate all aspects of the World's Greatest Detective.
Nightwing tries to free Batman from Arkham Asylum, only to discover why he's really trapped inside. Meanwhile, Jeremiah Arkham succumbs to his heritage of madness! "The Last Arkham" part 3.
Detective Comics (1937-2011)
Bruce Wayne has trained his body beyond the peak human perfection; he's trained his mind to focus on minute details to deter criminal enterprises. As the Batman, he's a symbol of terror, striking at the hearts of criminals and villains across the globe.
The Batman Chronicles (1995-2001)
A Batman title offering an expanded view of the Dark Knight's world and its menagerie of strange inhabitants--featuring multiple storylines and rotating creative teams all exploring Gotham City and the Bat-family!
Batman: Dark Victory
Even in the aftermath of THE LONG HALLOWEEN, Batman finds no peace. Gotham City is caught in the middle of a battle between what's left of the Falcone mob and freakish villains such as the Joker, Mr. Freeze and Catwoman.