text:
Iberia To LHR, Return On The A340
Hello a-netters!
Welcome to my new trip report featuring Iberia on the London-Heathrow route, flying the A340 on the return leg. I believe this is the first trip report about Iberia with the new corporate image, so you will be able to see how the new branding looks like.
There was a long weekend in the beginning of December so my sister, her boyfriend and I decided to visit London for four days. I was the one in charge of buying the tickets and Iberia offered a very good fare of around 150€ round trip, returning on the A340. In September Iberia introduced a new fares structure that consist on three levels: Basic, Classic and Flexible. Basic fare does not include checked baggage or seat selection (at check-in the system assigns you a seat and if you want to change it you have to pay), Classic fare includes seat and one piece of checked baggage and the Flexible fare is what the name says. The Basic fare is usually 15-25€ cheaper than the Classic fare when available, so if you don't want to check baggage and don't mind about where you are seated you can save some money. There is an exception though, and it is London flights, where the Basic fare is not available, so I had one piece of checked baggage included and I assumed it also was the case with seat selection. When I was checking-in online the day before departure the system assigned us 24D,E and F, when I tried to change them they wanted to charge 15€ per passenger! I was very upset about that, as I wasn't told that the seat selection was an extra. In this case the preselected seats were fine so it wasn't really an issue.
Bag drop was quick and hassle free, it was Saturday morning so lines were short at the counters. The staff at the counter was very friendly, I remember that the agent who attached the tags to our bags joked with us, saying "Oh! You three are going to London! Do you really get on well with each other??... I hope so, have a nice flight!" That simple thing showed that he was enjoying his job and it made us to feel comfortable, being young travellers we like that informal touch. Security was a bit busy but we passed through without any issue and then we went to have something for breakfast.
Bag drop counters
Check-in machines, there were plenty of staff if assistance was needed
Standard BP
Passbook BP
Recently renewed shops
When it was boarding time we headed off to the departure gate, which was in the southern end of the Terminal in a separated area from the other gates as UK is a non-Schengen country. After passing immigration I noticed that the A321 for the earlier flight to London was still at the stand and expected the worst, then I received this message from Iberia:
I checked the FIDS and it showed a delay of 2h5min!! New departing time was 11:15.
Our A321 ready for departure
I checked Heathrow's website and saw that many European flights were heavily delayed, but at least they were arriving so the problem seemed to be solved, meanwhile our flight was again delayed to 11:45. I went to Iberia's information desk to find out the reason for the delay and the agent told me that there was a communication failure in the ATC system at LHR and that they didn't know when it would be fixed.
Iberia information desks
I also checked the status of my flight with this machine that was next to the desk
At 11:15 we headed off to the gate again but first we visited the info desk to know more about the status of our flight. The agent told me that the problem was solved and that the earlier flight had already departed, so we went to the gate. When we arrived five minutes later after a stop at the restrooms, there was nobody near the gate so it seemed that boarding was completed. We got our boarding passes scanned and were directed to the shiny A321.
Flight number: IB3160
Origin: MAD
Destination: LHR
Airplane: Airbus A321-211
Registration: EC-JQZ
Airplane name: Generalife
Age: 7.7 years
Seat: 24F
ETD/ATD: 9:10/11:30
ETA/ATA: 10:40/12:40
Load factors: 11/36 in J (30%) 52/168 in Y (31%)
Clean and shiny, isn't she?
We were the last ones to board the plane, except for some connecting passengers from T4S that got on through the rear door. Then the doors were closed and the plane was ready to leave. Cabin was clean and in good condition, seats were comfortable and seat pitch was good for the length of the flight. The load was light so it was nice to have three seats for myself, something that rarely happens to me as I usually fly in high season. The purser made the usual announcements and apologized for the delay due to "communications failure in the British airspace". Safety demonstration was made and we pushed back 15 min before planned.
Sadly the neighbor wasn't as shiny as our plane
30" Pitch, I'm 183cm/6ft tall
Pushing back
Air China A330
Iberia's heavies and an A319 preparing for their flights
Up we go!
Once in the air the captain came over the PA and apologized again for the delay and gave some information about the flight. As you may know the Iberia's service is BOB, I asked for a Coke Zero and some chips. I also noticed that the crew served glasses of water for free under request, something I hadn't seen before on Iberia since the BOB service was implemented back in 2004. It's nice to see that they serve water at least for free.
Detail of the new logo, looks good!
Madrid's mountain
Vitoria Airport
Bye bye Spain!
My purchase, the bag of chips was about to pop
The flight passed by quickly and in no time we started our descent. It seemed that we didn't entered any holding pattern as we make a more or less direct approach, the captain softly posed the plane on the ground and left the runway. Then we stopped at the taxiway and the captain announced that they we were waiting for British Airways to assign a gate for the plane. After ten minutes we moved again and finally we made it to the gate.
Arriving to England
Getting closer to the clouds
I love LHR's final approach, views are awesome!
Landing was soft
What's up guys!
Given the light load disembarkation was quick and after a 15 min wait at immigration we went to collect our baggage. After a brief wait the bags came out on the belt and headed off to the tube.
Before passing the UK Border
Baggage claim area
We enjoyed a lot our visit to London, as the weather was fantastic, I guess we were lucky. The thing I liked most about London were the planes flying over the city, my sister and her boyfriend got tired of me saying "Wow! An Emirates A380!" "Look! That's an Air Canada 767" etc. They didn't understand how I am able to recognize planes in the distance.
After a long ride on the tube we arrived at T5 with lots of time to spare. I must say that although being designed by the same architect, T4 at MAD is much more beautiful than T5. Wooden ceiling and marble floors at T4 really make a difference. Check-in was a breeze but the same can't be said about security, which was a little busy. This time I was able to change seats for free at check-in online, the fare was the same as on the outbound flight, so it was strange, maybe there was a computer glitch when I checked-in for the previous flight. I noticed that there were no counters dedicated for Iberia. I wonder what happened to the former Iberia staff at LHR, I hope they didn't get fired. I also wonder the reason why BA has dedicated counters at Madrid Airport instead of Iberia taking over BA's check-in.
Terminal entrance
BA counters
Cheap BP
Once in the airside of the Terminal we went to Starbucks to have something to eat while waiting for the gate to be announced. Boarding time was 18:00 and at 17:15 it hadn't been announced yet, so we went to BA info desk to ask about that. The charming lady at the desk said that it would be announced soon. At 17:30 the gate finally appeared on the FIDS, it was C53, so we went underground to take the APM to the C concourse.
Interesting FIDS
It was really crowded
Our gate finally shown on the FIDS
The APM station
The first sight of my plane, as you can see the spoilers were deployed
This one was heading to Luanda
This fatty to Hong Kong
Beatriz Galindo waiting for her next flight
Boarding was called at 18:00 as expected and it was a little chaotic, most passengers proceeded to the priority entrance and staff didn't seem to care, if I were flying Business Class I would have got a little upset, but this time was not the case. The load factor was again light so it didn't take long.
Origin: LHR
Destination: MAD
Airplane: Airbus A340-313X
Registration: EC-GUQ
Airplane name: Beatriz Galindo
Age: 15.6 years
Seat: 34L (assigned, changed to 7L)
ETD/ATD: 18:30/18:50
Load factors: 5/24 in J (21%) 53/265 in Y (20%)
The plane was what Iberia refers as "342", internally it is known as Caribbean configuration. Some years ago Iberia decided to change 7 A340s configuration from 36J 218Y to 24J 265Y, given that Business Class demand to some destinations as HAV, SJU, UIO, etc. was weak. Today Iberia doesn't fly to Caribbean destinations anymore but the configuration seems to suit well in the current network. There are 4 planes left in the fleet with this configuration, and they will be the 4 ones that will remain in the fleet after the A330 replacement. Business Class is the same that you may find in any other A340 of the fleet, except for the ones that have been refurbished with new interiors. Economy Class was improved though, the seats were replaced with new ones that have adjustable headrests and sockets, they don't have PTVs, but at least the sockets are useful for long flights. The central screens on the wall were replaced by 37" ones, and the old CRT retractable screens were replaced with LCD screens. I guess that a long haul flight would be bearable on that plane, and much better than on a plane with the old Economy Class, which is quite uncomfortable.
31" pitch
Cabin view
The socket b
So, we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past
RE: Iberia To LHR, Return On The A340
Sorry guys, the post got cut in half, I am posting the rest of the report in a moment.
Classic control panel
Decent seat recline
Our assigned seats were on the back of the plane, my sister's boyfriend is afraid of flying so when entering the plane we asked the purser if we could be reseated in the front of the cabin, she replied that there shouldn't be any problem, she took note of our seats and asked us to wait until the closure of the gates.
The view from my new seat
When it was departure time we were not leaving, the captain came over the PA and said that they were waiting for more cargo. At 18:40 the pallets arrived and were loaded in the aircraft. At 18:44 the gates were closed and a FA came to us and said that we were free to go to the front. After doing so the push back didn't seem to start… After a moment or two the captain came over the PA again and informed us that the tow truck was damaged and that they will send another one as soon as possible. At 18:50 we finally taxied to runway 27L. Take off was powerful and there wasn't much to see outside. This time I didn't buy anything from the cart as I was full of Starbucks' pastries. I noticed that the control panel of the seat next to me was not working, so I called the purser to inform her about that, the passenger who will seat there for the next long haul flight wouldn't like not being able to hear the audio or even to switch on the personal light. She said that she would report to maintenance in order to get it fixed. Descent and landing were fine and we parked with nothing to remark. We finally arrived in Madrid with a 20-minutes delay. At 22:45 we were waiting for our bags that came out at 23:00.
Finally, pushing back
Virgin's fleet (and went to the other side of the plane for take-off)
Taking-off
Up in the air again
Leaving England
Reverse deployed, sorry for the blurry picture
Nice neighbor
After disembarkation
New shops in the baggage claim area
The only thing I didn't like about my trip was the charge for changing seats on the outbound flight, something that I don't find adequate at all.
Ground staff were friendly and attentive at both airports. Crews were good too, nothing special but they did their job with good attitude. Although both flights weren't punctual, it wasn't Iberia's fault and we were kept informed about the situation at every time. Airplanes were in good condition and comfortable. I also got very good value for money so I'm happy with Iberia.
I hope you have enjoyed reading my report and I'm really looking forward to reading your comments.
Next trip report will feature my end-of-degree trip to Thailand in February!
Knightsofmalta
Hi mfc
Thanks for the report. The Iberia A 340 flight between London and Madrid is becoming quite a classic with the airline enthusiasts. In any case, the cabins on both the A 321 and the A 340 look rather nice and well maintained. The only thing I'm a bit surprised about is that the A 340 does not appear to have personal screens for the inflight entertainment system. Is that just the case on the A 340-300 or does the A 340-600 have the same seat?
Quoting mfc (Thread starter):
The thing I liked most about London were the planes flying over the city, my sister and her boyfriend got tired of me saying "Wow! An Emirates A380!" "Look! That's an Air Canada 767" etc. They didn't understand how I am able to recognize planes in the distance.
I suspect that's probably something most people here on the forum can relate to. That's what's so nice about it!
Thanks for posting. Cheers,
Hi, nice TR!
In September Iberia introduced a new fares structure that consist on three levels: Basic, Classic and Flexible.
Sadly, the fare structure is not up-to-date. One-way fares are still a lot more expensive than return fares. I think these "old" days (rules) are lot gone. Especially as sister-company BA is offering also a one-way structure...
Basic fare does not include checked baggage or seat selection (at check-in the system assigns you a seat and if you want to change it you have to pay), Classic fare includes seat and one piece of checked baggage and the Flexible fare is what the name says. ... When I was checking-in online the day before departure the system assigned us 24D,E and F, when I tried to change them they wanted to charge 15€ per passenger!
A nightmare! I just bought a BASIC return-ticket for a one-way flight (as the ticket is much, much, much more cheaper than a one-way). Only problem, I have to pay for the luggage, which is on-line also much cheaper... But this is NOT possible. After more than 5(!!) phone calls to different IB help lines in different countries nobody can answer this simple question... Sometimes I was told that tickets issued outside of Spain don't allow advance booking of luggage; sometimes that on-line ordering is not offered at all... Hopefully IB will fix these problems asap.
The plane was what Iberia refers as "342" ... Today Iberia doesn't fly to Caribbean destinations anymore but the configuration seems to suit well in the current network.
What other routes (besides LHR) are served by the "342"?
[Edited 2014-01-04 02:43:25]
Quoting knightsofmalta (Reply 3):
Is that just the case on the A 340-300 or does the A 340-600 have the same seat?
It is only the case with A 340-300, A 340-600s are receiving the interiors of the A 330-300s: new Business Class, Economy Class with PTVs, mood lightning, wi-fi, etc. Nowadays 6 A346s have already been refurbished (EC-INO, -IOB, -JLE, -LEU, -LEV and -LFS)
Quoting debonair (Reply 4):
I agree with you, they should change the rules about one-way tickets. The problem with the luggage also happened to some friends of my sister coming from CPH last June, they were pissed off as they thought that Iberia wanted to charge them more, maybe they were right... In any case, I also hope that they will change that, as paying 30€ instead of 15€ is really annoying...
They send them everywhere basically, depending on demand they change between the three types of A340s (346, 343, 342)
PRAirbus
Love IBERIA! . Hope they resolve all their labor issues.
Quoting mfc (Reply 5):
Shocking! So even after all A346 & A333 have been equipped with PTV, I still might end on a 12hrs + flight to EZE on a non PTV equipped A342? What an inconstant product philosophy...
sultanils
Muchas gracias for this nice report. I'm booked on the IB MAD-LHR widebody service myself in a few months and am of course curious as what to expect. I flew IB a few times to the Americas before (LIM, MEX,...) on their (retired) B743 and A343. Apart from the seats, not much seems to have changed. Still no PTV's...
when I tried to change them they wanted to charge 15€ per passenger! I was very upset about that, as I wasn't told that the seat selection was an extra.
Hmm, not good. Are they also going this way For longhaul just assigning a random seat on checkin and not being able to change it yourself is not a good feature. I'm booked on the BA codeshare, so let's see how that turns out. I need my window seat in the back of the bus
which was in the southern end of the Terminal in a separated area from the other gates as UK is a non-Schengen country.
So you didn't leave from T4S. Are all LHR flights going from T4 proper then or only the narrowbodies?
I also noticed that the crew served glasses of water for free under request, something I hadn't seen before on Iberia since the BOB service was implemented back in 2004. It's nice to see that they serve water at least for free.
The thing I liked most about London were the planes flying over the city
You surely didn't go to London just for that lol!
Well tucked away it seems. Not sure if all pax are able to find it.
In thrust we trust.
Well, A346s are being refurbished and that takes time. A343s will be phased out in a few years, so I understand they don't install PTVs in that fleet.
Quoting sultanils (Reply 8):
That only applies for short haul and the cheapest fare. On the return flight I was able to select the seat for free at BA web page though. For long haul you can select your seat for free at check-in.
No, it was T4. It was a separated area for non-Schengen flights, I would say IB's LHR flights basically, as flights to Moscow, Morocco or Argelia depart from T4s, don't know why. BA operate from T4S, I think they should also change to T4 as it is much more convenient. A340 flights to LHR depart and arrive to/from T4S, a wide body could fit in some gates at T4 but I think that it's not convenient for IB to tow the plane from T4S to T4.
Of course not , but that was a nice feature. London was very nice, lots of things to see.
What an inconstant product philosophy...
Seems to be the European norm.. Flew AF MIA-CDG on a 744 with PTV and returned CDG-MIA on a different beat up 744 without PTVs...
signol
I haven't been on A.net in weeks and just as I'm about to post my report of an IB A340 trip, I spy yours
Nicely done, and good report! Thanks
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Any way i can fix or any other way i should be doing this? I want to close a window by pressing the x, I know how to do that but i just cant get the onclick to work... any help is appreciated.

A: https://stackoverflow.com/users/479156/ivar
Ivar let me know that the problem was naming the function "close()",
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as explained here: onclick calling hide-div function not working
thank you Ivar!

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


iHP® is a positively charged fine mist and a relatively new agent utilized for fogging, however it still has all the same distribution drawbacks as its original fogging counterparts as well as additional drawbacks inherent to its chemical properties. The positively charged ions created will repel each other and create better distribution in areas as compared to other fogging agents, but the agent will also be repelled away from other common positively charged materials in the space such as glass and aluminum. These materials may not receive an adequate concentration of iHP® for decontamination. Alternatively, common negatively charged articles such as rubbers and plastics will strongly attract iHP® and will draw concentration away from nearby areas and create an uneven distribution (and uneven decontamination) within your target area.
The Principles of Effective Decontamination are the underlying fundamentals which must be achieved in order to ensure a successful decontamination cycle and apply to all decontaminating agents. Each agent's chemical and physical properties will affect the extent to which these principles are met and will influence the overall effectiveness of the decontamination cycle. Environmental factors will influence these properties and will play an important role in the effectiveness of your agent.
In order for any sterilant to be successful, it must reach all surfaces. True gases such as chlorine dioxide gas, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide offer the best distribution properties. Liquids and vapors, such as hydrogen peroxide, are limited by temperature and environmental factors which negatively affect their distribution properties and effectiveness.
In addition to complete distribution, the sterilant must be able to penetrate into all areas. As explained above, gases have superior penetration abilities as compared to liquid and vapor agents.
Once your sterilizing agent has distributed to and thoroughly penetrated into all areas, it must remain there long enough to provide the desired level of kill. If it is difficult to get distribution and penetration throughout your target areas as it is for liquids and vapors, then it will also be a challenge to achieve the appropriate concentration and contact time required.


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The Gordon Square Arts District (GSAD) leverages vibrant arts and culture to foster economic growth and collaboration. Founded in 2007 by Cleveland Public Theatre (CPT), Near West Theatre (Near West) and the Detroit Shoreway CDO/Capitol Theatre, in 2014 GSAD completed a $30 million capital campaign that funded neighborhood beautification, added parking, created a CPT campus, reopened the long-shuttered Capitol Theatre, formed the first Special Improvement District in Cleveland beyond downtown, and built a fully accessible theater with passive-energy elements in its design, making it super-energy efficient.
The Gordon Square Arts District has become an economic cornerstone of Cleveland's West Side, where a powerful combination of housing, new businesses, the arts and neighborhood beautification are sparking the development of new jobs for residents.
Leveraging the restoration of the Capitol Theatre, renovation of Cleveland Public Theatre, and the construction of the new Near West Theatre has led to more than 80 new businesses coming to the neighborhood since the start of the campaign and more than $500 million of investment in the neighborhood.
From galleries to boutiques to restaurants to live theater to a pinball gaming parlor, you will find plenty to experience in the Gordon Square Arts District!
Gordon Square Arts District
Cleveland Public Theatre
Detroit Shoreway
LGBT Cleveland
78th Street Studios

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Students used class time today to prepare for their Chapter 2 test tomorrow.
Those students who'd like extra credit may take a practice test and e-mail it to me (or print and turn it in) before the test.
Students used class time today to work on their Sample Survey project and to prepare for their Chapter 2 test tomorrow.
The due date and time for the Sample Survey project has been extended to Tuesday, 10/16, at midnight, to allow students to finish up last minute details after their test or after school tomorrow.


You probably have just lately adopted a cat or kitten, then you definately'll in all probability be questioning about the proper vitamin for your new pet. You want to reconstitute the freeze dried raw meals with water, but it's a full food plan as soon as reconstituted. We spoke with Dr. Elizabeth Colleran, President of the American Affiliation of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) , who said that the list of foods you can by no means feed your cat is rather a lot smaller than most people suppose.
Obesity: Weight problems is an extremely frequent and very critical well being drawback in cats. Pitcarn, R. Dr. Pitcairn's Full Information to Pure Health for Canines & Cats, third Version, Rodale, 2005. I have discovered the data very enlightening because it by no means crossed my radar in all my years of having cats that their normal meals had been filled with carbohydrates or that dry meals was unhealthy.
^ If the mean urine pH of cats fed ad libitum is just not under 6.4, the risk of struvite urolithiasis will increase as the magnesium content of the weight loss plan increases. There is a very strong and very logical connection between the best way that we're at present feeding our obligate carnivores and many of the life-threatening diseases that afflict them.
Thanks for doing what you do. I actually respect you for educating everybody about the right way to hold our pets healthy and completely happy. Cats are obligate carnivores, and they want meat not solely to survive, however to thrive. Given this truth, and given what we find out about how the cat processes carbohydrates, it is not a stretch to say that prime carbohydrate diets might very effectively be a major factor in causing diabetes in some cats.
As you discovered from this text, dry meals is a poor dietary choice for cats. The water content of the eating regimen is simple to control – feed canned meals with added water. Conserving your cat on a balanced weight loss plan is important to their total health and wellness.


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Curriculum in Archaeology
About the Curriculum
Staff and Advising
Archaeology Faculty
Research Labs of Archaeology
Retired Faculty
Archaeology Days
Home / Research Laboratories of Archaeology / Staff / Dr. Dylan J. Clark
Dr. Dylan J. Clark
InHerit Program Director
Research Laboratories of Archaeology; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Anthropology and the Curriculum in Archaeology
Alumni Hall 211 • (919) 962-0524 • dylanc@email.unc.edu
I am an anthropological archaeologist, specializing in Mesoamerican cultures. I currently serve as Program Director for InHerit: Indigenous Heritage Passed to Present, a non-profit program administered through the Research Laboratories of Archaeology at UNC-Chapel Hill and partnered with the Alliance for Heritage Conservation. Our aim is to develop collaborative programs of education, conservation, and public interpretation with native communities around the world to promote indigenous goals in heritage management, cultural resource conservation, language preservation, and the mitigation of global threats to cultural traditions and sacred spaces.
Within Mesoamerican studies, my research has focused primarily on Maya culture, coastal archaeology, port communities, household archaeology, and social identity. My doctoral research explored the social dimensions and dynamics of a Maya coastal port community through household archaeology at the small, island port of Isla Cerritos in Yucatán, Mexico. My research also has examined the multiple roles that the archaeological past plays in the contemporary world through public and community archaeology, heritage studies, and museum studies. I have had the privilege of partnering on archaeological excavations at several sites in Mexico, Honduras, and the U.S., including Isla Cerritos, Chichén Itzá, Chunchucmil (Yucatán), the Tlacolula Valley (Oaxaca), Copán, Rastrojón (Honduras), and the Warren B. Shepard site, Ellen G. White House site, Fort St. Joseph (Michigan), and the Harvard Yard Archaeological Project (Massachusetts). Prior to coming to UNC-Chapel Hill, I taught courses in Mesoamerican archaeology, Latin American history, cultural anthropology, global history, and the Humanities at UNC-Asheville, Brevard College, Harvard University, and Front Range Community College. In 2017, I served as the Resident Archivist at the George E. Stuart library at Boundary End Center, and from 2011-2013, I held a William Tyler Fellowship in Pre-Columbian Studies at Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C.
• Yucatec Cenotes Project
Ph.D. in Anthropology, Harvard University (2016)
A.M. in Anthropology, Harvard University
M.A. in Latin American Studies, Tulane University
B.A. in Anthropology and Spanish, Lee Honors College, Western Michigan University
Select Publications
(most available on Academia.edu/DylanClark)
2019 • Clark, Dylan J. An Archaeologist of Morning in the Mayab, 1951. In Staying Open: Charles Olson's Sources and Influences, Joshua S. Hoeynck (ed.), pp. 229-287. Vernon Press, Wilmington, DE.
2018 • Martínez Tuñón, Antonio, Nelly M. Robles García, Dylan J. Clark, Christina G. Warinner, and Noreen Tuross. Clandestine pulque production during the sixteenth-century in the Tlacolula Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Mexicon 40(2):52-59.
2015 • Anderson, David S., Dylan J. Clark, and J. Heath Anderson (eds.). Constructing Legacies of Mesoamerica: Archaeological Practice and the Politics of Heritage in and Beyond Mexico. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 25(1).
2015 • Clark, Dylan J. and D. S. Anderson. Past is Present: The Production and Consumption of Archaeological Legacies in Mexico. In "Constructing Legacies of Mesoamerica: Archaeological Practice and the Politics of Heritage in and Beyond Mexico," D.S. Anderson, D.J. Clark, and J. H. Anderson (eds.). Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 25(1):1-18.
2015 • Clark, Dylan J. The Residential Spaces, Social Organization and Dynamics of Isla Cerritos, an Ancient Maya Port Community. Ph.D Dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.
2012 • Clark, Dylan J. Conexiones e interacciones versus insularidad en las islas Mayas de la Costa de Campeche. In Arqueología de la costa de Campeche: La Época Prehispánica, Rafael Cobos (ed.), pp. 351-370. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida.
2008 • Clark, Dylan J. Frederick Catherwood. In Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, pp. 211-212. 2nd edition. Thompson-Gale, Farmington Hills.
2007 • Clark, Dylan J. Review of Quintana Roo Archaeology edited by Justine M. Shaw and Jennifer P. Mathews. Ethnohistory 54(3):571-572.
Phase I: Appraisal of the Kerr Archive
Kerr Photographic Archive Update (Phase II)
NEW! Online Walking Tour of Archaeological Sites on UNC's Campus
Start exploring today!
Check out the latest happenings on the RLA's Facebook page.
Congratulations to our students and faculty on their latest accomplishments!
Make a donation:
Give to UNC Archaeology
© 2019 Archaeology @ Carolina


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Home Arsenal "Nothing Is Done" – Draxler To Perform Arsenal U-Turn As January Move...
"Nothing Is Done" – Draxler To Perform Arsenal U-Turn As January Move Edges Closer
Curtis Goff
Julian Draxler – the man that's been linked with Arsenal more times than I've had hot dinners, could finally be making his way to the Emirates.
That's according to the latest comments made by his representatives, who have confirmed the German ace is weighing up his choices between PSG and Arsenal.
A couple of days ago it seemed everything was completed regarding Draxler's future, and Gunners fans prepared themselves to see him sign for the Ligue 1 champions.
But in a dramatic turn of events, the 23-year-old will now make a final decision within the week as to where he'll be playing for football for the forseeable future.
Talking to Le Parisien, a member of Draxler's entourage has stated that he's definitely played his final game for Wolfsburg and his final destination now rests in London or Paris.
Nothing is done. Julian is hesitating between PSG and Arsenal. For the moment, he is thinking.
A decision will be made in the coming days. One thing is for certain, he has played his last match for Wolfsburg.
Whilst there is no question over the German internationals talent, many football fans have been struck by his attitude when featuring at top level clubs.
This is now the second time he's forced his way out of a side, and that won't sit well with Wenger who believes respect off the pitch is just as important as what he can do with a ball on the pitch.
Many can argue that Draxler's position is one of those that doesn't need covering in the current Arsenal squad, with Welbeck, Iwobi, Lucas, The Ox and Reine-Adelaide all able to cover the left hand side of midfield.
However, with a bargain price tag of just £25million being reported and the ability to have Draxler at such a young age, Wenger could be a fool to pass up the opportunity.
What adds even more weight to his cause is being able to play him in any three of the attacking midfield positions, adding another hint of quality to mount a hunt for silverware.
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Premiership fixtures now on sale
Jambos' opening three home league games now on sale.
Tickets for Hearts' opening three home Ladbrokes Premiership ties are now on sale.
The eagerly awaited season is just around the corner and will begin when Celtic visit Tynecastle on Sunday 7th August for a 2:15 Ko
Tickets details are as follows:
Celtic: (Category A)
Sunday 7th August. 14:15 KO (One ticket per person)
NB: As per our match day ticket terms and conditions, Tickets for this game will only be made available to those with a previous booking history and who attended a home match during the 2015/16 season. Tickets are restricted to one per person.
O65/FTE
Inverness Caledonian Thistle (Category B)
Saturday 20th August. 15:00 KO
Hamilton Academical (Category B)
Saturday 10th September. 15:00 KO
Supporters can buy seats through the club's three sales channels: online at Hearts eTickets, over the phone by calling 0333 043 1874, option 1 then 1, or in person at the Hearts Ticket Centre on McLeod Street.
Hospitality for each of these games and all matches through the season can be booked by contacting Shelley on 0131 200 7244. Please note, for the Celtic match we only have availability in our Gorgie Suite. For full information please visit our hospitality pages: http://www.heartsfc.co.uk/hospitality


With over 20 years of managerial, financial and procedural experience in the information technology and aviation industry, Africa Flight Group is the perfect partner for the aviation organisation. We know that – to be successful – aviation companies must operate at their peak in an increasingly complex industry. To address this, we have developed our Aviation Business Consulting (ABC) service, consulting with clients to identify possible weaknesses, design custom solutions and plan seamless implementation.
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It's easy for managers and executives to lose the ability to view their company objectively. Using our experience as a base measurement, we are able to enter organisations and give management impartial perspectives that will help them to identify shortcomings and weaknesses that may have been overlooked. As a business grows, it can diversify into areas that clients not have worked in before. Partnering with AFG removes some of the anxiety from this process. We are able to guide you and help you to navigate your organisation's development.
We transform your financial aviation operations so that they become value integrators – executing efficient accounting activitives while providing solid strategies for growth.
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To optimise your operations, we analyse your company's business model. Once we've identified your strengths and weaknesses, we'll provide you with workable solutions to make procedures – whatever they may be – more manageable.


This well-known breeding program has placed several bulls in studs throughout the years. The family often buys feeder cattle back from their customers, giving folks another reason to do business with these leaders in the Angus breed.
And then there is the food. Jack Seben served his usual delicious lunch and ribs after the sale. The hospitality here really is second to none.
The Mogcks have updated their outfit and the customers enjoyed a new sale facilty as well as videos of the bulls for the very first time.
Lot 10, $18,000 to Varilek Angus, Geddes. This growthy Bullseye son out of a Daybreak female came in with a 92 pound birth weight, 815 weaning weight, and hit the scale at 1,370 pounds at a year of age. His EPDs were as follows: 72 pound WW, 124 YW to put him in the top one percent of the breed for both.
Lot 7, $15,500 to Mohnen Angus. Another Bullseye son out of a Daybreak daughter, this guy goes back to the Mohnens proven Jilt cow family. The bull's EPD profile: .1 BW, 72 WW, 124 YW, 28 milk. This guy looks like a great calving ease prospect and he sold to a good program. The Jilt cow family is the backbone of the Mohnen program. I'm surprised they let one escape but I see why they are bringing those genetics back home.
Lot 3, $14,500 to Jeff Anderson, Pierce, Nebraska. Yet another Bullseye son, this time out of a 5050-sired first calf heifer, this bull gained – with the third heaviest weaning weight of the calf crop weighing 92 pounds on weaning day. He ratioed 116 at weaning and 114 at a year.
Lot 19, $13,500 to Hoyt Angus Ranch, McHenry North Dakota. This Sureshot son out of a Hemisphere daughter posted the following numbers: BW 81 pounds, WW 867 pounds, YW 1,409.


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Caleb Peimann, surrounded by family and coaches, signs his letter of intent to swim for Colorado College in Colorado Springs, CO. (Courtesy photo / Scott Griffith)
Sprung for the Springs: JDHS senior signs with Colorado College
He'll compete on the liberal arts college's swim team.
Friday, May 7, 2021 2:02pm
SportsHigh School SportsSwimming
A Juneau-Douglas High School: Yadaa.at Kalé senior will keep his swimming career rolling as he signed his letter of intent to swim for a Colorado school this week.
Caleb Peimann will join the swim team of the Colorado College Tigers in the fall as he attends college there.
"I'm pretty excited about it. It's an awesome school, and I'm happy to go there," Peimann said in a phone interview. "It's a small school. They have a unique learning system. I think that learning style will help me with that and that time to decompress a bit in between."
[Vax to the future: City, state look at next steps for vaccines]
The school, located in Colorado Springs, is a small liberal arts college with an uncommon course block arrangement that Peimann said he's looking forward to. It also has a good computer science program that Peimann says he may study with.
"I went down there in October and checked out the school, checked out the campus," Peimann said. "(Colorado Springs) is definitely bigger than Juneau; I definitely wanted to go somewhere bigger."
Colorado Springs is located south of Denver, and has about 464,000 residents according to the most recent census. That equals about two-thirds the population of Alaska.
"Definitely being away from family and friends, people I've known my whole life, that's going to be a bummer," Peimann said.
Peimann, who won the state meet in 2019 for the 500 freestyle, will likely continue to compete in that category. Peimann has also been a longtime participant in the Glacier Swim Club.
"I've been swimming since I was 11 or 12. It feels like a long time but it's not that long compared to some people," Peimann said. "I got to win state for 500 free my junior year. I've swam well other places, but that was my best accomplishment."
Peimann thanked his coaches Robbie Jarvill and Scott Griffith for their support, as well as his parents.
"I want to thank my parents just for getting me up at 6 a.m. and driving me to practice," Peimann said. "They didn't have to do that."
• Contact reporter Michael S. Lockett at (757) 621-1197 or mlockett@juneauempire.com.
In this Sept. 20, 2019, photo Caleb Peimann competes in the 50-yard freestyle at the Juneau Invitational Swim Meet at the Dimond Park Aquatic Center. Peimann won the state 500-yard freestyle in Anchorage on Saturday. (Michael Penn / Juneau Empire File)
Track teams up and running for spring season
JDHS junior breaks 40-year-old school track record
Juneau boys basketball hitting the road
One team is bound for Anchorage, the other for Utqiagvik
On the Trails: Surf, bird food and paralytic shellfish poisoning
Surf's up!
Prep sports teams breathe easier
New testing options let players drop masks.
SoHi hockey tops Juneau
SOLDOTNA — The Soldotna hockey team defeated Juneau-Douglas 4-2 on Thursday in… Continue reading
I Went to the Woods: Region V memories
I Went to the Woods goes to the hardwood.
Another 'Classic' is in the books
JDHS girls win, local players earn tournament honors
Scores at a glance for the week of Dec. 24
Quick recaps for local teams.
Scores at a glance for the week of Jan. 14
Happy ball-idays: Teams ready for Princess Capital City Classic
Teams from near and far will face down on the basketball court after Christmas.
JDHS girls basketball team starting season swinging
A junior- and senior-heavy roster make for a formidable team.
JDHS boys basketball gets ready to hit the road
Their first games this year will be away —way, way away.


A flashy blend of 'jet' and 'meteor'. Possible uses: A travel brand. A manufacturing plant. A courier service. A cleaning service. An app. A sports brand. A weather site.
The following are business names for sale with similar qualities to Jeteor.com.


Paul Clemmons leads our relationship with salesforce.com focusing on multinational and international companies with the services and solutions necessary to enable world class customer facing capabilities. Paul also leads the Emerging Solutions Service Line in the U.S. which focuses on incubation, innovation, and practice building in the enterprise applications and cloud domains – both complementary to Deloitte's existing businesses, and also disruptive – challenging the status quo.
See more conversations on Twitter.


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text:
Tag: Takeo Matsushita
High and Low (天国と地獄, Akira Kurosawa, 1963)
Posted on January 18, 2023 by Hayley Scanlon
A self-made man is landed with an unthinkable dilemma when his chauffeur's son is kidnapped in place of his own just at the moment he's staked his entire fortune on a manoeuvre to outsmart cynical executives set on taking over his company in Kurosawa's post-war crime film, High and Low (天国と地獄, Tengoku to Jigoku). The movie's Japanese title, Heaven and Hell, might hint more strongly at the growing economic disparities in the era of the economic miracle but also at the dualities embodied in the hero's choices. "Success isn't worth losing your humanity" his wife tells him, but he still struggles with the validity of choosing his heart over his head knowing that to pay anyway even though it's another man's son means financial ruin, the final question being if he is really prepared to allow a child to die simply to maintain his own wealth and status.
The problem is that Gondo (Toshiro Mifune) has attempted to mount a rebellion against the evils of consumerism, incurring the ire of the cynical executives who attempt to get him on their side in their attempt to oust the boss whose outdated ideas are running the business into the ground. Though Gondo appears sympathetic, hinting that he might be interested if there's a good enough promotion in it, he later tells them where to go on seeing that their business plan is to start producing poor quality disposable footwear. Gondo started on the factory floor and he doesn't want to put the company's name on such shoddy produce nor does he think that their admittedly fair point that if the shoes are well made and last a long time no one will need to buy any is a good way to do business. He doesn't think the boss is right either and wants to make shoes his own way which is why he's remortgaged the sizeable mansion he owns on top of a hill overlooking the city and has pretty much run through his wife's dowry to buy a majority stake in the company.
On top of a hill is a good place to live if you want a good vantage point to oversee the land below, but while you're looking down others look up and not all of them kindly. Gondo is as he says a self-made man, but also out of touch with contemporary society and not so far from an ambitious courtier always after a little more. He says it isn't about getting the top job but getting shoes made right, but it seems he too had been bitten by the consumerist bug and is otherwise unable to affirm his status without material proof. When he thinks it's his own son that's been kidnapped, he'd have given it all away but when it's the driver's boy it's a different question. Shinichi (Masahiko Shimazu) isn't his responsibility and as he points out there are plenty of other wealthy men, why is he the only one to pay? While his wife (Kyoko Kagawa) tearfully urges him to do the right thing, his assistant (Tatsuya Mihashi) tries stop him, insisting he should take the sizeable cheque they've had drawn up to Osaka and the stakeholder he's buying the shares from.
While he vacillates, the driver, Aoki (Yutaka Sada), is humiliated and forced into servitude. Gondo seems to have the old-fashioned idea that the kidnappers would simply let Shinichi go on realising they've got the wrong boy and his father can't pay, but Aoki knows there's nothing he can do to save his son but throw himself on Gondo's mercy. He falls to the ground and prostrates himself, but later retracts all telling Gondo it doesn't matter, that he hadn't realised what he was asking of him, and insisting that Shinichi is a bright boy who will look for a chance to escape on his own. Once the boy is returned he treats him harshly, interrogating him about anything he might have forgotten and later driving him around looking for the hideout where he was kept in an attempt to do something and repay the debt he now feels he owes to Gondo by helping the police retrieve the money Gondo eventually agreed to pay for him.
In agreeing to give up the money, Gondo is in a sense unburdened knowing he has made the right choice and realising that he would never live a comfortable life in that house if cost a child's life to keep it. Part of his rationale for not wanting to pay had been that though he had been poor before and might be again, his wife had not been and does not truly understand what it is to live in poverty much as she says her life of luxury means nothing to her. She has never wanted for anything, after all. As for the kidnapper, Ginjiro (Tsutomu Yamazaki), we know little of his motives save for his intense resentment living quite literally in the shadow of Gondo's mansion and feeling as if it were mocking him. Then again, though his life is hard Ginjiro already had a path to success in that he would soon have completed his medical studies implying at least that he or someone else was able to cover his tuition and costs of living, that he was able to continue in education, and really had no need to take such drastic action in rebellion against the antagonistic capitalism of the post-war society. "Do you think we have to hate each other?" Gondo asks him, but Ginjiro has no answer only his intense resentment for everything he represents.
The "hell" that Gondo inhabits is a backstreet wasteland peopled by the hopeless. Tokura (Tatsuya Nakadai), the earnest policeman, follows him through thronging clubs and on into "dope alley" where Ginjiro picked up his accomplices so desperate to escape their suffering that they'd agree to help him kidnap a child. Though it costs him his job, Gondo decision to do the right thing makes him a national hero, the working class millionaire who mows his own lawn and can still knock up a pair of shoes should the occasion call while women across the country decide to boycott the company in protest at his treatment. Ginjiro can only howl like a caged animal while facing a death sentence for the coldblooded murder of his accomplices. The light bouncing off his mirrored sunshades gives him an eerie supernatural quality, a demon arising from depths of hell to wreak havoc in heaven but finding only infinite tragedy in the contradictions of the consumerist post-war society.
High and Low screens at the BFI Southbank, London on 19th January 2023 as part of the Kurosawa season.
Posted in BFI Kurosawa, Japan
Tagged 1960s, 1963, Akio Kusama, Akira Kurosawa, Akira Nagoya, Asakazu Nakai, BFI, BFI Kurosawa, Bin Furuya, Eijiro Hisaita, Eijiro Tono, Gen Shimizu, Haruo Suzuki, Hideo Oguni, Hiroshi Unayama, Ikio Sawamura, Isao Kimura, Isao Onoda, Japan, Japanese, Jun Hamamura, Jun Kondo, Jun Tazaki, Kamatari Fujiwara, Kazuo Kato, Kazuo Kitamura, Keiko Tomita, Kenji Kodama, Kenjiro Ishiyama, Kin Sugai, Kiyoshi Yamamoto, Ko Nishimura, Koji Kiyomura, Koji Mitsui, Kozo Nomura, Kyoko Kagawa, Kyu Sazanka, Masahiko Shimazu, Masao Oda, Masao Shimizu, Masaru Sato, Miki Yashiro, Minoru Chiaki, Minoru Ito, Nobuo Nakamura, Ryuzo Kikushima, Satoshi Suzuki, Seiichi Taguchi, Senkichi Omura, Susumu Fujita, Takao Saito, Takashi Shimura, Takeo Matsushita, Takeshi Kato, Tatsuya Mihashi, Tatsuya Nakadai, Toho, Toshio Egi, Toshiro Mifune, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Yoshifumi Tajima, Yoshio Tsuchiya, Yoshisuke Makino, Yunosuke Ito, Yutaka Sada
Stakeout (張込み, Yoshitaro Nomura, 1958)
Posted on May 16, 2020 by Hayley Scanlon1 Comment
Most closely associated with the crime genre, Yoshitaro Nomura was, like his frequent source of inspiration Seicho Matsumoto, also an insightful chronicler of the lives of ordinary people in the complicated post-war society. Stakeout (張込み, Harikomi), once again inspired by a Matsumoto short story, is on the surface a police procedural but underneath it's not so much about the fugitive criminal as a policeman on the run, vacillating in his choice of bride, torn between the woman he loves who is afraid to marry him because her family is poor, and the pressure to accept an arranged marriage with the perfectly nice daughter of a local bathhouse. The stakeout becomes, in his eyes, a kind of illustrated parable, going against the socially conventional grain to convince him that making the "sensible" choice may only lead to long years of regret, misery, and loneliness.
The film opens, as so many of Nomura's films do, with a journey as two dogged Tokyo cops board a long distance train from Yokohoma travelling all the way down to provincial Kyushu which might as well be a world away from the bustling metropolis. Posing as motor salesmen, they take a room at a local inn overlooking the home of a melancholy housewife, Sadako (Hideko Takamine), the former girlfriend of a man on the run, Ishii (Takahiro Tamura), suspected of being in possession of a gun used to kill the owner of a pawn shop during a robbery. The younger of the policemen, Yuki (Minoru Oki), declares himself faintly disappointed with Sadako, complaining that she looks older than her years and is in fact quite boring, "the epitome of ordinary".
His older colleague, Shimooka (Seiji Miyaguchi), reminds him that most people are boring and ordinary, but as he watches her Yuki comes to feel a kind of sympathy for Sadako, seeing her less as a suspect than a fellow human being. Later we hear from Sadako that her marriage has left her feeling tired every day, aimless, and with nothing to live for, that her decision to marry was like a kind of suicide. "A married woman is miserable" Yuki laments on observing Sadako's life as she earnestly tries to do her best as a model housewife, married to a miserly middle-aged banker who padlocks the rice, berates her for not starting the bath fire earlier to save on coal, and gives only 100 yen daily in housekeeping money while she cares for his three children from a previous marriage. Trying to coax him back towards the proper path, Shimooka admits that marriage is no picnic, but many are willing to endure hardship at the side of the right man.
The "right man" gets Yuki thinking. Sadako has obviously not ended up with the right man which is why he sees no sign of life in her as if she simply sleepwalks through her existence. He is obviously keen that he wouldn't want to make another woman feel like that, or perhaps that he would not like to be left feeling as she does at the side of the wrong woman. We discover that his dilemma is particularly acute because he finds himself at a crossroads dithering between two women, faced with a similar choice to the one he increasingly realises Sadako regrets. Shimooka's wife is acting as a go-between, pressuring him to agree to an arranged marriage with a very nice girl whose family own the local bathhouse. She makes it clear that she's not trying to force him into a marriage he doesn't want, but would like an answer even if the answer is no so they can all move forward, but for some reason he hasn't turned it down. Yuki is in love with Yumiko (Hizuru Takachiho), but Yumiko has turned him down once before because her family is desperately poor, so much so that they're about to be evicted and all six of them will have to move into a tiny one room flat. She feels embarrassed to explain to her prospective husband that she will need to continue working after they marry but send almost all of her money to her parents rather than committing to their new family.
Meditating on his romantic dilemma, Yuki begins to sympathise even more with Sadako, resenting their fugitive for having placed her in such a difficult position and repeatedly cautioning the other officers to make sure that the press don't get hold of Sadako's name and potentially mess up her comfortable middle class life with scandal when she is entirely blameless. The fugitive, Ishii, is not a bad man but a sorry and desperate one. He went to Tokyo to find work, but became one of many young men lost in the complicated post-war economy, shuffling from one poorly paid casual job to another. Now suffering with what seems to be incurable tuberculosis, he finds himself dreaming of his first love, the gentle tones of famous folksong Furusato wafting over the pair as they lament lost love at a picturesque hot springs while Yuki continues to spy on them from behind a nearby tree.
They both bitterly regret their youthful decision to part, she not to go and he not to stay. The failure to fight for love is what has brought them here, to lives of desperate and incurable misery filled only with regret and lonliness. Sadako views her present life as a kind of punishment, finally resolving to leave her husband and runaway with Ishii who has told her that he plans to go to Okinawa to drive bulldozers for the next three years, though we can perhaps guess he has a different destination in mind. "That's the way the world is, things don't go the way you want" Ishii laments, but the truth is choices have already been made and your course is as set as a railway track. Sadako plots escape, but all Yuki can do is send her back to her husband with sympathy and train fare, leaving us worried that perhaps she won't go back after all. Buying tickets for his own return journey, Yuki pauses to send a telegram. He's made his choice. It's not the same as Sadako's, a lesson has been learnt. He goes back to Tokyo with marriage on his mind, but does so with lightness in his step in walking away from the socially rigid past towards a freer future, staking all on love as an anchor in an increasingly confusing world.
Tagged 1950s, 1958, Aizo Tamashima, Hideko Takamine, Hizuru Takachiho, Isao Suenaga, Japan, Japanese, Jun Otomo, Jun Tatara, Kamatari Fujiwara, Kappei Matsumoto, Kazuko Yamamoto, Kin Sugai, Kumeko Urabe, Kusaka Tazuko, Minoru Oki, Nobu Kawaguchi, Ryohei Uchida, Seiji Miyaguchi, Shinsuke Ashida, shochiku, Takahiro Tamura, Takeo Matsushita, Tokuji Kobayashi, Tomiemon Otomo, Tomoko Fumino, Toshiaki Konoe, Yoshihiko Takematsu, Yoshitaro Nomura
Blood is Dry (血は渇いてる, Kiju Yoshida, 1960)
Posted on August 19, 2019 by Hayley Scanlon
In the new post-war economy, everything is for sale including you! Kiju (Yoshishige) Yoshida's second feature Blood is Dry (血は渇いてる, Chi wa Kawaiteru) takes its cues from Yasuzo Masumura's earlier Technicolor corporate satire Giants and Toys, and Frank Capra's 1941 comedy Meet John Doe in taking a faceless corporate drone and giving him a sense of self only through its own negation. The little guy is at the mercy not only of irresponsible capitalist fat cats, but of his own imagination and the machinations of mass media who are only too keen to sell him impossible dreams of individual happiness.
The action opens with a grandstanding rooftop speech from a former CEO to his distressed workforce informing them that because of "indifferent capitalism" this small business is going bust and everyone's out of a job. Then, dramatically, our hero Kiguchi (Keiji Sada), steps out with a pistol and threatens to shoot himself, proclaiming that he no longer cares for his own life but doesn't want anyone else to lose their job. Another worker, Kanai (Masao Oda), tackles Kiguchi and the gun goes off. Thankfully, he is only mildly wounded but Kiguchi's case reaches the papers who make it into a human interest issue exemplifying the precarious economic conditions of the modern society. While he's still somewhat current, an enterprising advertising executive hits on the idea of getting Kiguchi to act as the face of their campaign, bizarrely attempting to sell life insurance with the image of a man putting a gun to his head while proclaiming that "it's high time everyone is happy".
When we first meet him, Kiguchi is indeed a faceless, broken man at the end of his tether. His noble sacrifice is interpreted as an act of war on an unfair capitalist society, but as he later affirms in exasperation, Kiguchi had no political intent and never considered himself as acting with a greater purpose, he was simply terrified at the prospect of losing his job which is, in a sense, also his entire identity. Shy and mild-mannered, he stammers through speeches and curls himself into a hostile ball of awkwardness in front of the camera but ad exec Nonaka (Mari Yoshimura) is sure that only makes him a better sell for being "real" and relatable. Like the hero of Meet John Doe, however, Kiguchi starts to buy into his own hype. He fully embraces his role as the embodiment of the everyman, at once gaining and losing an identity as he basks in the unexpected faith of his adoring populace.
Kiguchi's conversion wasn't something Nonaka had in mind and it frightens her to realise she has lost control of her creation. Meanwhile, Nonaka's ex, a paparazzo with a penchant for setting up celebrities in compromising situations in order to blackmail them, has it in for Kiguchi as the personification of his own dark profession. He resents the idea of using "suicide" as a marketing tool and the cynical attempt to sell the idea of happiness through the security of life insurance which, it has to be said, is a peculiarly ironic development.
Kiguchi's liberal message of happiness and solidarity does not go down well with all – he's eventually attacked in a taxicab by a right-wing nationalist posing as a reporter who accuses him of being a traitor to Japan, and it's certainly not one which appeals to the forces which created him. Nevertheless, he does begin to capture something of the spirit of the man in the street who just wants to be "happy" only to have his message crushed when his image is tarnished by tabloid shenanigans and left wondering if the only way to reclaim his "artificial" identity is to once again destroy himself in sacrifice to his new ideal.
Yet Kiguchi's motivation is both collectivist and individual as he claims and abandons his identity in insisting that he belongs to the people. His confidence is born only of their belief in him and without it he ceases to exist. Kiguchi's entire identity has been an artificial creation with an uncertain expiry date and his attempts to buy it authenticity only damn him further while his actions are once again co-opted by outside forces for their own aims. The little guy has achieved his apotheosis into a corporate commodity leaving the everyman firmly at the mercy of his capitalist overlords, dreaming their dreams of consumerist paradise while shedding their own sense of self in service of an illusionary conception of "happiness".
Tagged 1960, 1960s, Aiko Ikumi, Akie Kokubu, Akio Tanaka, Asao Sano, Chieko Tanakura, Chiharu Kuri, Goro Matsumiya, Hajime Iseki, Hikaru Hayashi, Hirayoshi Aono, Hiro Tashiro, Hiroko Morita, Hiroshi Takemura, Ichiro Mikuni, Ichiro Sugai, Ikichi Ishii, Japan, Japanese, Junichi Tanaka, Junko Hara, Kaneko Iwasaki, Keiji Sada, Keiko Hori, Kenji Tsukishima, Kiju Yoshida, Kiyoshi Inayoshi, Koji Ando, Makoto Asakawa, Mari Yoshimura, Masahiko Arima, Masaki Ono, Masanao Kawakane, Masao Oda, Miyoko Nakamura, Natsuko Arai, Rokko Toura, Shigeomi Sato, Shinichi Tanaka, Shinichiro Mikami, Shinjiro Matsuzaki, shochiku, Shutaro Kawatani, Susumu Mizushima, Susumu Shirai, Takamaru Sasaki, Takao Kiyomiya, Takeharu Harigae, Takeo Matsushita, Takeshi Hasegawa, Teruo Shindo, Toichiro Narushima, Tomoko Uemura, Yukari Yamashina, Yuko Kashiwagi


text:
The Bachelor and the Baby è un cortometraggio muto del 1910. Il nome del regista non viene riportato nei credit del film.

Trama
Trama di Moving Picture World synopsis in  su IMDb

Produzione
Il film fu prodotto dalla Vitagraph Company of America.

Distribuzione
Distribuito dalla General Film Company, il film - un cortometraggio in una bobina - uscì nelle sale cinematografiche statunitensi il 1º ottobre 1910.

Voci correlate
Filmografia della Vitagraph

Collegamenti esterni

Cortometraggi commedia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}
Combining multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna and relaying is a promising means to enhance both coverage and performance of wireless communications networks \cite{ruhul11, ruhul12, ruhul13, ruhul14, ruhul15, ruhul16, ruhul_yue}. In \cite{swipt_1}, the optimal structure of the relay matrix to maximize the rate assuming unitary source precoding was presented. Joint source and relay optimization was considered in \cite{swipt_2, swipt_3}. Recently, more complex applications such as robust beamforming design with imperfect channel state information (CSI) were studied \cite{swipt_4}. On the other hand, energy harvesting \cite{ruhul_kk, ruhuul2} has emerged as an attractive component for relaying and cooperative communication as the battery storage of the relay nodes is usually limited.

Research has been carried out to study simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for multi-antenna relay networks \cite{swipt_5, swipt_6, swipt_7}. For complexity reasons, preference was given to the time-switching (TS) mechanism over power splitting for energy harvesting, e.g., \cite{swipt_6, swipt_7}. Unfortunately, the existing approaches fail to provide a joint TS coefficient and precoding matrices design for a generic MIMO relay system. Also, \cite{swipt_5, swipt_6} depend on either semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and existing solvers or iterative approaches while in \cite{swipt_7} a closed form solution was given for a MISO relay system rather than general MIMO network. Closed-form solutions as well as the structures of the source covariance and relay beamforming matrices are not well understood.

Most recently, power-splitting based energy harvesting is considered for MIMO relay networks in \cite{jialing_ps}. In order to derive the maximum capacity with power constraints at the source and relay nodes, the authors jointly optimize the source covariance matrix, relay beamforming matrix and PS ratio. Instead of using SDR and software solvers, the structures of the optimal source covariance and relay precoding matrix are derived based on which iterative approaches are employed to derive the near-optimal results.

Unlike \cite{jialing_ps}, this paper considers the rate maximization problem for the MIMO relay system with an energy harvesting relay node employing TS. The fixed source covariance matrix case and the joint source, relay, and TS ratio optimization case are both investigated. Unlike the existing attempts which rely on SDR, we give the structures of the optimal relay beamforming matrix and the source covariance matrix and propose a closed-form solution and an iterative solution for the two cases, respectively.

\section{System Model}
We consider a two-hop MIMO relay network with an energy harvesting relay node and assume that the source, relay and destination nodes are all equipped with multiple antennas. The numbers of antennas are $M, L, N$, respectively. The relay harvests energy from the source and uses it to forward the information. Here we assume that the direct link between the source and destination is negligible with perfect channel state information (CSI) known at all nodes.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics*[width=8.5cm]{ts.eps}
\caption{The framework of the proposed TS relaying.}\label{TSR}
\end{figure}

The TS-based relaying involves three phases, as shown in Fig.~\ref{TSR}, with $T$ being the block length, and $\varepsilon$ denoting the TS ratio. In the first phase, the channel and source covariance matrices are defined as ${\bf \widetilde{H}}_1$ and ${\bf \widetilde{Q}}$, respectively. ${\bf \widetilde{s}}$ is the source symbol vector. In the information transmit phases, we will use ${\bf s}$ to denote the source symbol vector, $P$ to denote maximum transmit power, ${\bf H}_1$ and ${\bf H}_2$ to represent the channel matrices between the source and relay, and the relay and the destination, respectively, ${\bf Q}$ to denote the source covariance matrix and ${\bf F}$ the relay beamforming matrix. We will also consider the additive white Gaussian noises (AWGNs), ${\bf n}_1$ and ${\bf n}_2$, at the relay and destination nodes with variances $\sigma_1^2$ and $\sigma_2^2$, respectively.

\section{Relay and TS Ratio Only Design}
Here, we fix the source covariance matrix in the information transmit phase as ${\bf Q}=$$\mathbb{E}{({\bf s}{\bf s}^H)}$$=\frac {P}{D}{\bf I}$, where $D~(D \le \min(M, L, N))$ is the number of data streams. The superscript $H$ is the Hermitian operator and ${\bf I}$ is an identity matrix.

The harvested power at the relay can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
{\rm tr}{({\bf y}_e {\bf y}_e^H)} ={\rm tr}{({\bf \widetilde{H}}_1{\bf \widetilde{Q}}{\bf \widetilde{H}}_1^H+{\sigma_1^2}{\bf I}_D)},
\end{equation}
where $ {\bf y}_e = {\bf \widetilde{H}}_1 {\bf \widetilde{s}}+{\bf n}_1$ is the received signal at the relay in the energy harvesting phase.

Then in the information transmission phase, the received signal at the relay can be written as
\begin{equation}
{\bf y}_r = {\bf H}_1 {\bf s}+{\bf n}_1.
\end{equation}
In the last time phase, the received signal at the destination is
\begin{equation}
{\bf y}_d = {\bf H}_2 {\bf F} {\bf H}_1 {\bf s}+{\bf H}_2 {\bf F} {\bf n}_1+{\bf n}_2.
\end{equation}
As a result, the achievable rate is given by \cite{swipt_1}
\begin{equation}\label{cap}
C=\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\log_2 {\rm det}\left({\bf I}_D+\rho_1 {\bf H}_1{\bf H}_1^H -\rho_1 {\bf H}_1{\bf H}_1^H{\bf S}^{-1}\right),
\end{equation}
where ${\bf S}={\bf I}_D+\frac {\sigma_1^2}{\sigma_2^2} {\bf F}^H{\bf H}_2^H{\bf H}_2 {\bf F}$, and $T=1$ is assumed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the relay is defined as $\rho_1\triangleq\frac {P}{D \sigma_1^2}$,

The transmitted signal at the relay
\begin{equation}
{\bf x}_r ={\bf F} {\bf H}_1 {\bf s}+{\bf F} {\bf n}_1
\end{equation}
will have to satisfy the harvested power constraint
\begin{equation}\label{tpc}
\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\sigma_1^2{\rm tr}{({\bf F} ({\bf I}_D+\rho_1 {\bf H}_1{\bf H}_1^H){\bf F}^H)} \le \varepsilon \eta {\rm tr}{({\bf \widetilde{H}}_1{\bf \widetilde{Q}}{\bf \widetilde{H}}_1^H+{\sigma_1^2}{\bf I}_D)}
\end{equation}
where $0 \le \eta \le 1 $ is the energy conversion efficiency.

Note that in the energy harvesting phase, the objective is to maximize the harvested power subject to the transmit power constraint, solution to which is given in \cite{swipt_8} as described below.
\begin{lemma}
Let the singular value decomposition (SVD) of ${\bf \widetilde{H}}_1$ be ${\bf \widetilde{H}}_1={\bf U}\Gamma^{\frac {1}{2}} {\bf V}^H$ where ${\bf U}$ and ${\bf V}$ are unified while the diagonal elements of $\Gamma$, $g_1, g_2,...,g_D$, are arranged in an descending order. $v_1$ is defined as the first column of ${\bf V}$. $P_0$ denotes the transmit power threshold in the energy harvesting phase. The optimal solution of the optimization problem to
\begin{align}
\max_{\bf \widetilde{Q}}\quad {\rm tr} ({\bf \widetilde{H}}_1 {\bf \widetilde{Q}}{\bf \widetilde{H}}_1^H+\sigma_1^2{\bf I}_D) &\\ \mbox{s.t.}\quad \quad{\rm tr} ({\bf \widetilde{Q}})\leq P_0, {\bf \widetilde{Q}}\succeq 0.
\end{align}
is ${\bf \widetilde{Q}}=P_0v_1v_1^H$ and the corresponding maximum harvested power is given by $g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
See \cite[Proposition 2.1]{swipt_8}.
\end{proof}
Let us now define ${\bf G}=\frac {\sigma_1}{\sigma_2}{\bf F}$ and formulate the following optimization problem
\begin{multline}\label{maxRob1}
\max_{{\bf G}, \varepsilon} ~~ C~~\mbox{s.t.}~~
\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}{\rm tr}{({\bf G} ({\bf I}_D+\rho_1 {\bf H}_1{\bf H}_1^H){\bf G}^H)}\\
\le \frac {\varepsilon \eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D).
\end{multline}
Note that for fixed ${\varepsilon}$, problem \eqref{maxRob1} becomes technically identical to the one considered in \cite{swipt_1}. Moreover, it can be proved that the presence of ${\varepsilon}$ does not change the optimal structure of the relay matrix. Hence, we have the relay matrix given by
\begin{equation}
{\bf F}={\bf V}_2 {\bf \Lambda }_F {\bf U}_1^H,
\end{equation}
where ${\bf \Lambda }_F$ denotes a diagonal matrix. $ {\bf V}_2 $ and $ {\bf U}_1$ come from the SVDs of the matrices:
\begin{align}
{\bf H}_1&={\bf U}_1 {\bf \Sigma}_1 {\bf V}_1^H,\label{channel} \\
{\bf H}_2&={\bf U}_2 {\bf \Sigma}_2 {\bf V}_2^H. \label{channel1}
\end{align}

Now, let ${\bf G}={\bf V}_2 {\bf X}^\frac{1}{2} ({\bf I}+\rho_1 {\bf \Lambda}_1)^{-\frac {1}{2}} {\bf U}_1^H$, where ${\bf X}$ is a diagonal matrix with ${\bf X}={\rm diag}({x_1,x_2,\dots,x_D})$. In addition, we let ${\bf \Lambda_1}={\bf \Sigma}_1{\bf \Sigma}_1^H$ and ${\bf \Lambda_2}={\bf \Sigma}_2^H {\bf \Sigma}_2$ with the diagonal vectors $\boldsymbol{\alpha}=[\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_D]$ and $\boldsymbol{\beta}=[\beta_1,\dots,\beta_D]$, respectively. The optimization problem (\ref {maxRob1}) can then be rewritten as
\begin{subequations}\label{maxRob2}
\begin{align}
&\max_{\{x_k\ge 0\}, 0\le \varepsilon\le 1} f(\{x_k\},\varepsilon)~~{\rm s.t.}\label{R2_o}\\
&g(\{x_k\},\varepsilon) \triangleq \frac {\varepsilon \eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)
-\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{D} x_k \ge 0,\label{R2_1}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
in which
$f(\{x_k\},\varepsilon) \triangleq\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}
[\sum_{k=1}^{D}\log_2 (1+\rho_1\alpha_k)+\sum_{k=1}^{D}$ $\log_2(\frac {1+\beta_k x_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k+\beta_k x_k})]$.
Considering the Lagrangian, we hav
\begin{equation}\label{maxRob3}
\min_{\{x_k\ge 0\},0\le\varepsilon\le 1\atop \nu\ge 0,\{\lambda_k\ge 0\}} {\cal L} \triangleq f(\{x_k\},\varepsilon)+\nu g(\{x_k\},\varepsilon)+\sum_{k=1}^{D} \lambda_k x_k
\end{equation}
Based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we have
\begin{subequations}\label{minRob4}
\begin{align}
\nu g(\{x_k\},\varepsilon) &=0, \label{R4_o}\\
\lambda_k x_k&=0, \forall k,\label{R4_1}\\
{\nabla_{x_k}}{\cal L}&=0, \forall k,\label{R4_2}\\
\nabla_\varepsilon{\cal L}&=0.\label{R4_3}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Since $\lambda_k \ge 0$, $k=1,...,D$, using (\ref {R4_2})
we can show that
\begin{equation}
\nu \ge \frac{1}{\ln 2}  \frac {\left(\frac{\rho_1\alpha_k}{\beta_k}\right)}{\left(x_k+\frac {1}{\beta_k}\right)\left(x_k+\frac {\rho_1\alpha_k+1}{\beta_k}\right)}, \forall k.
\end{equation}
Let $h_k(x_k)=\frac{1}{\ln 2} \frac {\frac{\rho_1\alpha_k}{\beta_k}}{(x_k+\frac {1}{\beta_k})(x_k+\frac {\rho_1\alpha_k+1}{\beta_k})}$. It is obvious that $h_k$ decreases when $x_k$ rises from $0$ to $\infty$, i.e., $h_k(0)=\frac{1}{\ln 2} \frac {\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k}$, $h_k(\infty) \to 0$. Then according to (\ref {R4_1}), we know that
\begin{align}
x_k\left[\nu-\frac{1}{\ln 2}  \frac {\frac{\rho_1\alpha_k}{\beta_k}}{(x_k+\frac {1}{\beta_k})(x_k+\frac {\rho_1\alpha_k+1}{\beta_k})}\right]=0, \forall k.
\end{align}

If $\nu \ge \frac{1}{\ln 2} \frac {\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k}$, we know that $x_k=0$. Otherwise, if $0 < \nu < \frac{1}{\ln 2}  \frac {\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k}$, then we will have $x_k>0$ and $\nu = \frac{1}{\ln 2} \frac {\frac{\rho_1\alpha_k}{\beta_k}}{(x_k+\frac {1}{\beta_k})(x_k+\frac {\rho_1\alpha_k+1}{\beta_k})}$. Then according to \cite{swipt_1}, the optimal $x_k$ can be written as
\begin{align}\label{nu}
x_k=\frac{1}{2\beta_k}\left(\sqrt {\rho_1^2\alpha_k^2+\frac{4}{\ln 2} \rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k \mu}-\rho_1\alpha_k-2\right)^+,
\end{align}
where $(a)^+=\max\{0,a\}$ and $\mu=\frac{1}{\nu}$ can be obtained by substituting (\ref {nu}) into (\ref {R4_3}) such that
\begin{multline}
l(\mu)\triangleq-\frac{1}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{D}\log_2 \left[(1+\rho_1\alpha_k)\left(\frac {1+\beta_k x_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k+\beta_k x_k}\right)\right]\\
+\frac{1}{\mu}\left[\frac {\eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)+\frac {1}{2} \sum_{k=1}^{D} x_k\right]=0.
\end{multline}
Obviously, $l(\mu)$ decreases when $\mu \geq  \max_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k} $. Moreover, when $\mu \in [\min_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k},\max_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}]$, $x_k$ either maintain at 0 or increases with $\mu$ which makes $l(\mu)$ decreases within this interval. To be exact, we have
\begin{equation}
l(\infty) \to -\frac {1}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{D} \log_2 (1+\rho_1\alpha_k) <0,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{multline}
l\left(\min_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}\right)\\
=\left(\max_k\frac{1}{\ln 2} \frac {\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}{1+\rho_1\alpha_k}\right) \frac {\eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D) >0.
\end{multline}
In contrast, when $ \mu \in (0, \min_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}]$, $x_k=0, \forall k$ and
\begin{equation}
l(u) =\frac{1}{\mu} \frac {\eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)>0.
\end{equation}
As a consequence, we can always find an optimal value $\mu^* \in (\min_k\ln 2 \frac {1+\rho_1\alpha_k}{\rho_1\alpha_k\beta_k}, \infty)$ which makes $l(\mu^*)=0$ and this can be done by root-finding approaches such as bisection. When $\mu^*$ and $x_k, \forall k,$ are known, the optimal TS ratio can easily be calculated according to (\ref {R4_o}), which is given by
\begin{equation}
\varepsilon^* =\frac {\sum_{k=1}^{D} {x_k^*}}{\frac {2\eta}{\sigma_2^2} (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)+\sum_{k=1}^{D} {x_k^*}}.
\end{equation}

\section{Joint Source, Relay and TS Ratio Design}
In this section, we consider a more general but challenging scenario with any available ${\bf Q}$. Based on (\ref {cap}), the instantaneous achievable rate in this case is given by
\begin{equation}
C
=\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\log_2 {\rm det}\left({\bf I}_D+\frac{{\bf H}_2 {\bf F}{\bf H}_1 {\bf Q} {\bf H}_1^H{\bf F}^H{\bf H}_2^H}{\sigma_2^2{\bf I}_D+\sigma_1^2{\bf H}_2 {\bf F}{\bf F}^H{\bf H}_2^H}\right).
\end{equation}
Then the optimization problem of interest becomes
\begin{multline}\label{maxRobC}
\max_{{\bf F},\varepsilon \atop {\rm tr}{({\bf Q})} \le P}C~~{\rm s.t.}~~
\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}{\rm tr}{(\sigma_1^2{\bf F}{\bf F}^H +{\bf F}{\bf H}_1 {\bf Q} {\bf H}_1^H{\bf F}^H)}\\
\le \varepsilon \eta {\rm tr}{({\bf \widetilde{H}}_1{\bf \widetilde{Q}}{\bf \widetilde{H}}_1^H+{\sigma_1^2}{\bf I}_D)}.
\end{multline}
By introducing an equivalent channel $\widehat{{\bf H}}_1={\bf H}_1 {\bf Q}^{\frac {1}{2}}$, the optimization problem becomes similar to the previous fixed source covariance matrix case. Therefore, we have $\widehat{{\bf F}}={\bf V}_2 \widehat{{\bf \Sigma}}_F \widehat{{\bf U}}_1^H$ where $\widehat{{\bf \Sigma}}_F$ is diagonal, and $\widehat{{\bf U}}_1$ and ${\bf V}_2$ come from the SVDs of $\widehat{{\bf H}}_1 = \widehat{{\bf U}}_1 \widehat{{\bf \Sigma}}_1 \widehat{{\bf V}}_1^H$, and ${\bf H}_2$ given in \eqref{channel1}.

As can be observed, both the objective function and the energy harvesting constraint have nothing to do with $\widehat{{\bf U}}_1$which indicates that any available $\widehat{{\bf H}}_1$ with the same $\widehat{{\bf \Sigma}}_1$ acts equally in terms of capacity and the energy harvesting constraint. That is to say, the optimal ${\bf Q}$ must require the least transmit power. Considering the fact that the presence of the TS ratio $\varepsilon$ will not change the structures of the source covariance and relay processing matrices, we provide the optimal structures of the source covariance and relay processing matrices below.

\begin{lemma}
The optimal solution of the optimization problem (\ref{maxRobC}) has the following structures
\begin{align}
{\bf F}&={\bf V}_2 {\bf \Sigma }_F {\bf U}_1^H,\label{structure1} \\
{\bf Q}&={\bf V}_1 {\bf \Lambda }_Q {\bf V}_1^H,\label{structure2}
\end{align}
where ${\bf \Sigma}_F, {\bf \Lambda}_Q$ are diagonal matrices, and the unitary matrices ${\bf U}_1, {\bf V}_1,{\bf U}_2, {\bf V}_2$ have been defined in (\ref{channel}) and (\ref{channel1}).
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
See \cite[Theorem 1]{swipt_2}.
\end{proof}

Then we let ${\bf \Lambda_Q}={\rm diag}({q_1,q_2,\dots,q_D})$, and ${\bf \Lambda_F}={\bf \Sigma}_F^2={\rm diag}({f_1,f_2,\dots,f_D})$. Substituting (\ref {structure1}) and (\ref {structure2}) into (\ref {maxRobC}) and introducing a set of new variables $d_k=f_k(\alpha_kq_k+{\bf \sigma}_1^2), \forall k$, the optimization problem (\ref{maxRobC}) can be rewritten as
\begin{subequations}\label{maxRobe}
\begin{align}
\max_{0\le \varepsilon\le 1,\{d_k\},\{q_k\}} &~~\tilde{f}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\},\{q_k\}) \label{Re_0} \\
{\rm s.t.} & ~~\sum_{k=1}^{D} q_k \le P,\label{Re_1} \\
&~~\tilde{g}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\},\{q_k\})\ge 0,\label{Re_2}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where we have defined
\begin{align}
\tilde{f}(\varepsilon, \{d_k\},\{q_k\}) &\triangleq \frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{D}\log_2 \frac {\left(1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k\right)\left(1+\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k\right)}{1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k+\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k},\\
\tilde{g}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\},\{q_k\}) &\triangleq \varepsilon \eta (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)-\frac {1-\varepsilon}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{D} d_k.
\end{align}

Note that (\ref{maxRobe}) involves only scalar variables in contrast to matrix variables in (\ref{maxRobC}). But the problem is still non-convex and a closed-form solution is difficult to obtain. In the following, we develop an alternating optimization based iterative algorithm which can be proved to converge at least to a local optimal solution. Since the subproblems are convex, close-form solutions are derived by solving Lagrangian dual problems. To proceed, we let $\boldsymbol{q}=[q_1,q_2,\dots,q_D]^T$, and $\boldsymbol{d}=[d_1, d_2,\dots,d_D]^T$.

\subsection{Optimization with fixed $\boldsymbol{q}$}
We first fix $\boldsymbol{q}$ and search for the optimal $\boldsymbol{d}$ and $\varepsilon$ with the given $\boldsymbol{q}$.
Considering the Lagrangian of the problem, we have the following dual problem:
\begin{equation}\label{maxRobea}
\max_{0\le\varepsilon\le 1,\{d_k\ge 0\}\atop \nu_1\ge 0,\{\lambda_k\ge 0\}} {\cal L} \triangleq \tilde{f}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\})+\nu_1 \tilde{g}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\})+\sum_{k=1}^{D} \lambda_k d_k.
\end{equation}
Based on the KKT conditions, we have
\begin{subequations}\label{minRobf}
\begin{align}
\nu_1 \tilde{g}(\varepsilon,\{d_k\})& =0,\label{Rf_o}\\
\lambda_k d_k&=0,\forall k, \label{Rf_1}\\
{\nabla_{d_k}}{\cal L}&=0, \forall k, \label{Rf_2}\\
\nabla_\varepsilon{\cal L}&=0. \label{Rf_3}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}

Comparing with the fixed source covariance matrix case, we notice that $d_k$ here is equivalent to $\sigma_2^2 x_k$. As a result, we have
\begin{equation}\label{expd}
d_k=\frac{\sigma_2^2}{2\beta_k}\left(\sqrt {\left(\frac{q_k}{\sigma_1^2}\alpha_k\right)^2+\frac{4q_k\alpha_k\beta_k \mu_1}{\sigma_1^2\sigma_2^2\ln 2}}-\frac{q_k}{\sigma_1^2}\alpha_k-2\right)^+.
\end{equation}
Meanwhile, $\mu_1=\frac{1}{\nu_1}$ is decided by (\ref {Rf_3}). Substituting (\ref {expd}) into (\ref {Rf_3}), we have
\begin{multline}\label{lmu}
\widetilde{l}(\mu_1)\triangleq-\frac{1}{2}\left[\sum_{k=1}^{D}\log_2 \frac{\left(1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k\right)\left(1+\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k\right)}{1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k+\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k}\right]\\
+\frac{1}{\mu_1}\left[\eta (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)+\frac {1}{2} \sum_{k=1}^{D} d_k\right]=0.
\end{multline}
Using \eqref{lmu}, we can obtain the optimal $\mu_1$ by a bisection search and then use it calculate $\boldsymbol{d}$. Then according to (\ref {Rf_o}), we have
\begin{align}\label{tsratio}
\varepsilon^* =\frac {\sum_{k=1}^{D} {d_k}}{2\eta (g_1P_0+\sigma_1^2D)+\sum_{k=1}^{D} {d_k}}.
\end{align}

\subsection{Optimization with fixed $\boldsymbol{d}$ and $\varepsilon$}
Since the transmit power constraint at relay (\ref {Re_2}) is independent on ${\bf q}$, and thus can be satisfied with the obtained $\boldsymbol{d}$ and $\varepsilon$ when fixing $\boldsymbol{q}$, here we do not need to consider it any longer.
Referring to the Lagrangian of (\ref {maxRobe}), we have
\begin{multline}\label{maxRobg}
\max_{\{q_k\ge 0\},\atop \nu_2\ge 0, \{\lambda_k\ge 0\}} {\cal L}\triangleq \tilde{f}(\{q_k\})+\nu_2 \left(P-\sum_{k=1}^{D} q_k\right)
+\sum_{k=1}^{D} {\lambda_k q_k}.
\end{multline}
Deriving the relevant KKT conditions again, we obtain
\begin{subequations}\label{minRobh}
\begin{align}
\nu_2 \left(P-\sum_{k=1}^{D} q_k\right) &=0,\label{Rhh_0}\\
\lambda_k q_k&=0, \forall k,\label{Rh_2}\\
{\nabla_{q_k}}{\cal L}&=0,\forall k.\label{Rhh_3}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Then according to (\ref {Rhh_3}), we have
\begin{multline}
\frac{1-\varepsilon}{2}\frac{\alpha_k}{\ln 2 \sigma_1^2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k}-\frac{1}{1+\frac{\alpha_k}{\sigma_1^2}q_k+\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k}\right)\\
-\nu_2+\lambda_k=0. \label{eq_qk}
\end{multline}
Thus from \eqref{eq_qk}, we hav
\begin{equation}\label{expq}
q_k=\frac{\sigma_1^2}{2\alpha_k}\left[\sqrt {\left(\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k\right)^2+\frac{2(1-\varepsilon)\beta_k d_k \alpha_k \mu_2}{\sigma_1^2 \sigma_2^2\ln 2}}-\frac{\beta_k}{\sigma_2^2}d_k-2\right]^+,
\end{equation}
where $\mu_2=\frac{1}{\nu_2}$. Substituting (\ref {expq}) into (\ref {Rhh_0}), the optimal $v_2$ can easily be derived through root finding methods.

\subsection{Iterative Optimization}
The iteration to solve (\ref{maxRobC}) is given in Algorithm~1.

\begin{algorithm}
    \caption{Iteration Framework for TS Relaying}
  \begin{algorithmic}[1]
	  \STATE \textbf{Initialization} Let $\boldsymbol{q}$ satisfying (\ref {Re_1})
		\STATE  Calculate optimal $\boldsymbol{d}$ and $\varepsilon$ with fixed $\boldsymbol{q}$ using (\ref {expd}) and (\ref {tsratio})
		\STATE  Re-optimize $\boldsymbol{q}$ with the obtained $\boldsymbol{d}$ and $\varepsilon$ using (\ref {expq})
    \STATE  Return to Step 2 until convergence
  \end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
\subsection{Convergence Analysis}
Since both the subproblems are convex, the obtained closed form solution to each subproblem is optimal. Thus the objective function (\ref {Re_0}) will increase (or at least maintain) after each iteration. In addition, the constraints in the subproblems are always satisfied with equality in every conditional update. Therefore, the proposed iterative algorithm ensure a monotonic convergence towards (at least) a locally optimal solution.

\section{Simulation Results}
This section investigates the performance of the proposed schemes for the MIMO relay system. The results of the naive amplify-and-forward (NAF) algorithm are also provided for comparison. In the NAF algorithm, we use the $\varepsilon$ derived with the uniform source precoding scheme and let ${\bf Q} = \frac{P}{D}{\bf I}$ and ${\bf F} = \sqrt{\chi}{\bf I}$ where $\chi$ is the scalar that makes the constraint (\ref {tpc}) satisfied. Here we assume that $N=M=L$. Both of ${\bf H_1}$ and ${\bf H_2}$ are modeled as Rician fading channels with a series of independent zero-mean complex Gaussian random variables with variance of $-10 {\rm dB}$.

Fig.~\ref{simu1} plots the achievable rate of the proposed TS relaying schemes against various $P_0$ with $P=1$. The considered values of $P_0$ range from 0 dBm to 50 dBm. The numbers of antennas are all set to be $4$ and $6$, respectively. As is expected, the NAF algorithm falls far behind the proposed schemes. The joint source, relay and TS ratio optimization outperforms the relay and TS ratio only optimization with their gap increasing slightly as the numbers of antennas increase. In all cases, the achievable rate increases as either $P_0$ or the numbers of antennas increase. Fig.~\ref{simu2} then presents the rate results for different numbers of antennas with $P_0=P=1$. It is clear that the achievable rates of the proposed schemes are much better than that of the NAF algorithm and the joint source, relay and TS ratio optimization shows performance gain over the uniform source precoding scheme. Notably, if numbers of the antennas increase, the performance gaps among the three schemes also increase, which agrees with the results in Fig.~\ref{simu1}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics*[width=5.5cm]{s1.eps}
\caption{Rate results against different $P_0$.}
\label{simu1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics*[width=5.5cm]{s2.eps}
\caption{Rate results against the number of antennas $N$.}
\label{simu2}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
This letter studied the rate maximization of a MIMO relay network with an energy harvesting relay node. We started with the fixed source covariance matrix scenario assuming uniform source precoding and then considered joint optimization with the source covariance. Closed-form solution as well as iterative scheme were proposed, respectively, for the two cases.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}\footnotesize

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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