Years of discriminatory policies that favored white men at the expense of the common good have created stunning disparities that persist to this day.
Though many Americans favor an approach to equality that stands for "giving everyone an equal chance," the realities of inheritance, neighborhood segregation and outright discrimination make such meritocratic ideals suspect. (This meritocracy myth is akin to insisting, as 19th century political economist Henry George once noted, "that each should swim for himself in crossing a river, ignoring the fact that some had been artificially provided with corks and other artificially loaded with lead.") A new study by Mariko Chang shows just how deep those wealth gaps remain today.
Chang's report, published by the Asset Funders Network and making use of Consumer Finance Survey data, suggests stark gaps. First the report shows gaps between married couples, single men and single women.
Adding a racial lens to the data (viewed in the chart above) also produces stark divergences: the median black woman has $200 in wealth, the median white man: $28,900. Age also matters: The data suggest millennial (18-34) women, of all races, have $0 in wealth. That leaves very little buffer from an unexpected job loss or medical emergency (made even more likely by the conservative war against access to healthcare, for instance their refusal to expand Medicaid, which primarily harms people of color).
Although women are now more likely to complete college than men, this alone won't close the wealth gap. The median single woman with a college degree has wealth of $18,710. The median single man: $31,400. Even pay equality won't close the gaps. The highest-earning women, those earning more than $65,001, have median wealth of $166,000, while men in the same bracket have median wealth of $223,700.
As I've noted recently in Salon, policymakers are biased toward the policies of rich white men. Indeed, for a long time, all of the policymakers were rich white men. The gaps Chang exposes are not simply the product of neutral or natural forces; extensive research shows that government policy was there all along, benefiting some at the expense of the few.
What are the solutions? First, America needs a strong public sector. That means more money for infrastructure, childcare, higher education and universal pre-K. America needs to invest in its cities, and its communities, particularly low-income, black and Latino communities that have faced decades of disinvestment and neglect. Second, America needs full employment. That means active fiscal policy and guaranteed jobsfor all Americans who want to work. Third, America needs a financial sector thatworks for everyone. That means a modest financial transaction tax to limit excessive trading and a baby bond to give every American a shot at buying stock, starting a business or buying a house in a better neighborhood. To get there, America needs a true, participatory and equal democracy. That means ensuring policymakers pay attention to everyone, not just the wealthy donor class. Limits on, or at leastdisclosure of, lobbying and campaign contributions from the rich, combined withpublic financing to amplify the voices of women, people of color and workers would bring us closer to a vibrant democracy. Eliminating discriminatory barriers to voting will breathe life into our democracy.
Deep disparities in wealth belie the American myth that simply because we have a black president and Oprah is massively wealthy our problems are over. Chang's report shows that single black and Hispanic women own less than a penny for every dollar owned by single white men. Once again: single black and Hispanic women own less than a penny for every dollar owned by single white men. That didn't just happen.
This entry was posted in Gender, Politics, Race and tagged gender, race, wealth on February 4, 2016 by seanadrianmc@gmail.com.
Does Fox News viewership correlate with racism?
In the wake of Dylann Storm Roof's horrifying act of terrorism in South Carolina, many have pointed to the negative influence of conservative media in incubating right-wing extremism. Bill Maher, for example criticized outlets such as Fox News, The Drudge Report and The Daily Caller for presenting a "twisted view," in which Black people were taking over the country. These criticisms are not new: Fox News has for years come under criticism for its racially-charged coverage. Just recently, in January of last year, Isaac Chotiner wrote that Fox News creates segments "meant to scare its white audience into believing that African Americans, or Muslims, are out to get them." Meanwhile, Jon Stewart and Rachel Maddow have both criticized Fox News's coverage of the Ferguson murder last year.
New data suggests that their criticisms may be correct.
Using 2012 American National Election Studies data to test whether Fox News viewers have distinct racial attitudes, it can be demonstrated that, indeed, these viewers are more likely to reject the reality of structural racism and to endorse negative stereotypes of Black people.
Discrimination: How much discrimination do Black people face?
And finally, I look at attitudes towards solutions: whether respondents support government aid to Blacks, think that the government should ensure fair jobs for Blacks. My analysis focuses only on non-Hispanic whites.
The gaps on most questions are similar, but it's worth noting that a stunning 92 percent of Fox News viewers and 94 percent of O'Reilly viewers agree "Irish, Italians, Jewish and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without any special favors." Half of O'Reilly viewers say that there is little or no discrimination against Blacks today, compared with 45 percent of Fox News viewers and 40 percent of white conservatives who don't watch Fox News.
Obviously, there could be other factors at work here: Maybe people more predisposed to racist attitudes gravitate towards Fox News (though this is still an indictment of Fox News). White conservatives who watch Fox News tend have slightly lower incomes and less education than conservatives who don't — this could help explain some of the effect. They are also older, though evidence suggests that young whites are no less likely to espouse racist attitudes than their parents. In addition, when I examined the racial attitudes of only white conservatives over 50, I still found large differences between Fox News viewers and non-Fox News viewers.
As the chart below shows, whether we compare all whites who watch Fox news vs. those who don't, or vs. conservatives, or vs. Republicans, or vs. conservatives over 50, the result remains the same: those who watch Fox News are far more likely to endorse racial stereotypes and ignore the issue of structural racism. Those who watch "The O'Reilly Factor" are more likely to deny structural racism and oppose government action to help Blacks.
The Fox News effect is powerful: One study finds that Fox News boosted Republican vote share by 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points between 1996 and 2000. Numerousstudies find that Fox News influences viewers perceptions on key issues. Many of these studies focus on issues related to race, such as the Ground Zero mosque and undocumented immigration. One study finds that, "the Fox News audience is indeed more favorable toward Bush, and has greater hostility toward his opposition, even when controlling for party identification." They may also be promoting harmful and negative stereotypes about African-Americans, poisoning race relations in America. While it's impossible to prove that Roof was influenced specifically by Fox News, it's clear that white conservatives who watch Fox News are far less likely to accept the realities of structural racism than those who do not. They are also modestly more likely to accept harmful racial stereotypes about Black people. Particularly worryingly, they are far more likely to believe that Black people have too much influence over politics. What's clear, above all else, is that right-wing media are partially responsible for the fraught racial tension in American politics.
This entry was posted in Media, Politics, Race and tagged Fox News, race on February 1, 2016 by seanadrianmc@gmail.com.
The rise of money in U.S. politics has been widely discussed in the wake of two controversial decisions by the Supreme Court: Citizen's United and McCutcheon v. FEC. However, the discussion has largely been framed along class lines — with the voices of the poor and middle class drowned out by theexplosion of donations and political activity by wealthy elites. While this is true, there is also an important racial element to the rise of big money in politics. For example, a recent report by Demos found that the dominance of money in politics has slowed racial and economic progress (PDF) in the United States.
Political donations are deeply racialized, with more than 90 percent of contributions above $200 made to presidential campaigns and super PACs in 2012 coming from majority-white neighborhoods. A recent analysis by the Brookings Institution found that all of the most politically active U.S. billionaires, with possible exception of eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, who is of Persian-American origin, are white. Similarly, the top 10 Republican and top 10 Democratic donors in 2012 appear to be white, according to Demos. There are scarcely any comprehensive data about the race of donors. A preliminary report on donors in New York City's 2009 municipal electionsconducted by Public Campaign found that the lowest-tier contributions came from more diverse neighborhoods than the top-tier donations. Contributors from predominantly African-American neighborhoods accounted for 30 percent of donations of $10 or less but only 5 percent of donations over $2,500, according to the report.
For whites, the trend is reversed, with people from white neighborhoods accounting for 78 percent of donations over $2,500 and 38 percent of donations of $10 or less. The lowest-tier contributors were from neighborhoods where people of color make up 73 percent of the population, while those donating more than $2,500 lived in districts where people of color make up only 26 percent. Small donors lived in neighborhoods with a 17.14 percent poverty rate and a median income of $53,790, while the top donors came from communities with a 5.14 percent poverty rate and a median income of $111,170.
Campaign contributions facilitate access, influence legislative agendas and, of course, help get those agendas passed. The widening gap in the level of donations means that people of color will not be represented as well as whites. In their seminal work on political equality in the United States, John Griffin and Brian Newman found that "whites get what they want more often than do Latinos or African-Americans." This lack of representation is not simply due to class differences. "This is true even beyond the effects of income differences between the groups and even when minorities make up a substantial proportion of a constituency," according to Griffin and Newman.
In his book "Uneasy Alliances: Race and Party Competition in America" Paul Frymer found that Democrats ignore the preferences of African-American voters, a "captured minority," in order to win over white voters. Since blacks have chosen not to defect to the Republican Party, they struggle for representation by the Democrats. "All too often the Democratic Party has taken the black vote for granted, and all too often the Republican Party has written it off," Jack Kemp, then a Republican nominee for vice president,said during a campaign stop in Harlem in 1999. In a study comparing voter preferences on government spending levels to presidential budget proposals from 1974 to 2010, Griffin and Newman found that "presidential requests are much more responsive to the budget preferences of whites and the wealthy." They found that the gap for African-Americans is smaller when a Democrat is in office than when a Republican is.
This has important effects on legislation, as whites and people of color differ strongly on many issues, particularly those related to class. As the chart below shows, the differences on preferences about redistribution between whites and people of color (14 points) are stronger than the differences along class lines (10 points). A 2012 Washington Post/ABC News poll found that differences on whether the government should spend money on jobs versus reducing deficit are similarly strong along race lines (23 points) compared with class (11 points). On issues relating to race, recent polls show huge racial gaps on the perceptions of major American institutions.
The funding gap between black and white communities also makes it difficult for candidates of color to raise money. Candidates of color raised 47 percent less money than white candidates in all 2006 state legislative races and 64 percent less in the South. This is an important barrier for potential candidates who already face discrimination by voters. The lack of diversity in candidates is problematic, given the importance of descriptive representation (in which politicians share salient qualities such as race with their constituents) for substantive representation where candidates share their constituents' policy preferences. "Descriptive representation independently improves the relative representation of minorities" and in some cases leads to political equality, according to Griffin and Newman. In a 2012 study in the American Journal of Political Science, Eric Juenke and Roper Preuhs found that candidates of color represent constituents of color better than white candidates do. However, as Jason Zengerle notes in The New Republic, black representatives, particularly in the South, are increasingly in the minority as white Democrats fall to coordinated campaign money from big donors. At all levels, big money politics stifles the representation of people of color.
The lack of representation has had major effects on people of color, as Adam Lioz documents in a series of case studies. For instance, the private prison system has lobbied extensively to maintain the carceral state, which primarily affects men of color. At the same time, the financial system has engaged in blatant racism, aided by lax regulatory policies. According to a study by the Center for Responsible Lending, among borrowers with good credit, people of color received a high interest rate loan three times as frequently as white borrowers. Reports also show racist lending practices by bank employees. "Employees had referred to blacks as 'mud people' and to subprime lending as 'ghetto loans,'" according to a 2009 report by The New York Times. Such acts were possible because of lax regulation because of themassive political power of the financial sector.
There are several ways to fight the big money bias. For one, public financing has proved effective in eliminating the big money bias in the political system. A 2012 study published by The Election Law Journal found (PDF) that New York City's donor-matching program has shifted the class and racial diversity of donors. It empowered small donors (a pool more diverse than large donors) and increased the absolute number of campaign contributors. Second, to limit the influence of big money in U.S. elections, we need policies that could boost voter turnout.
However, as Griffin and Newman point out, there are limits to the strategy: The benefits of representation are not as strong for blacks and Hispanics as for whites. In other words, African-Americans who vote aren't that much better represented than those who don't. This points to the importance of electing people of color to office, which does more to increase the representation of people of color. Still, a public financing program to reduce the influence of money in politics, sane lobbying reforms, same-day registration, an end to felony disenfranchisement and increased descriptive representation could go a long way to thwart the influence of big money in our politics.
This entry was posted in Economics, Politics, Race and tagged Donor Class, inequality, money in poiitics, race on March 15, 2015 by seanadrianmc@gmail.com.
Salon spoke with Lopez about "Dog Whistle Politics," conservatism and racial politics in the United States. The transcript has been lightly edited and condensed.
I think the best place to start with this book and with the history of dog-whistle politics is Barry Goldwater. That's the first time you have this melding of the plutocratic agenda with dog-whistle politics.
I think that's exactly right. Goldwater shows you both elements. I think people have really only paid attention to one side. People have paid attention to the fact that there is this coded racial appeal and they react by saying that race plays out only at the margins. But when you look at Goldwater and you see that these racial appeals are tied to an attack on liberalism, are tied to an attack on the activist state, then you see that this is not a minor, vestigial effect on campaigns, but rather it's central to the ideological project of conservatism. And then you can start to see the power of dog-whistle politics.
Richard Hofstadter's essay on Goldwater ["Goldwater and Pseudo-Conservative Politics"] doesn't focus as much on the racial aspect, he focuses on the pseudo-conservative nature and ties it into what he calls the "paranoid style" in American politics. How much of a factor is dog-whistle politics and how does it interact with these other parts of conservatism?
When you look at Goldwater you are looking at the inception of coded racial appeals. When you look at Goldwater's national campaign, which Hofstadter does, the paranoia is focused on communism. His national campaign commercials are pitched toward national security, not race. Nationally, that's the issue around which he presents himself. It's the South where he is particularly aggressive in pushing a racial element in his campaign. So I wouldn't make the statement that Goldwater launches a national racist campaign; that dishonor goes to Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. When Nixon talks about "law and order" it's both code for race and code for the civil disturbances of the antiwar movement, the protest movements. They interact in the sense that these are efforts at faux-populism. These are efforts to explore popular anxiety through appeals that stir fear in order to generate votes for policies that are going to undermine the liberal state. What's important here is that they are operating in code, but the agenda is, the substance of the proposal is, "Let's dismantle the New Deal state." But rather than say, "Let's dismantle the New Deal state," they say, "We need to worry about minorities, we need to worry about threats to your freedom. Society is being taken over by these foreign elements." I think that is how these interact.
Joe McGinniss discusses in "The Selling of the President 1968″ how Nixon's campaign tailored their ads to the South, but the age of the Internet makes that more difficult. If you try to run a racially coded ad in the South, Northerners are going to notice that. How has that changed dog-whistle politics?
Martin Gilens has an essay ["How the Poor Became Black"] about how media influences racial perceptions, and he talks on the national level about how when CBS reports on the undeserving poor it's more likely to be a black face and when it's the working poor or hard times it's more likely to be a white face. What effect does the national media have on dog-whistle politics? How have they been complicit in this?
The impact is tremendous. Politicians can seed the media with these frames and because these frames have a strong racial logic behind them, they end up being picked up by the media and amplified dramatically. An example would be Ronald Reagan's warnings about undocumented immigrants and the threat of them pouring across the border. He essentially creates that issue as a sort of a media frame. When he's first elected people don't have a sense that this is a major social problem facing the United States, but by [Reagan] constantly talking about it, the media begins to pick up on it and report stories on it and it becomes a national hysteria. I would say he does the same thing with crime. The more he talks about crime, the more it becomes an issue, the more the media find that it's actually easy to report on crime stories. Reporting on crime stories goes up by 200 or 300 percent while the incidence of crime doesn't. That generates a tremendous amount of fear around these coded threats that the politicians are using to campaign on.
Thomas Frank has argued that the plutocratic agenda hasn't melded with race, but rather with social issues. Do you see race in these social issues?
I think Thomas Frank's analysis is terrific, but I think he's fundamentally wrong on race. Race is one of the many social issues in which the plutocratic agenda has been enveloped, but it's more than just one of them — it's the primary one. This isn't to downplay the influence of religion or guns or abortion or gay marriage or any of those other red meat issues. But it's race that provides the most powerful dog-whistle and the paradigm around which these other coded campaigns were based. Frank is wrong because he understands racism as "hate every black person" racism.
He understands it as the commitment to white supremacy. He has this phrase in his book where he says, "America doesn't have Trent Lott disease" and he's referring to Trent Lott's slip in which he extolled the Dixiecrat campaign of 1948. I agree. America doesn't have Trent Lott disease. You don't have widespread commitment to continued white supremacy. But that is vastly different from saying America doesn't have a race problem. Race has evolved dramatically in the past 50 years since the civil rights movement. It evolved dramatically during the course of the civil rights movement. That doesn't mean it has gone away, but rather that the form it has taken has changed. But its impact, its ability to shape American politics and get many people out to vote in ways that harm themselves and help the very rich, has remained and, in fact, even grown over the last 50 years.
If you think about race and religion, for example, what happens with religion is that as soon as public schools are ordered integrated in the South, many whites flee to white academies that are very often Christian academies, so you have this very tight connection between race and Christian academies as a way to avoid integration. Ronald Reagan knows this and he makes it part of his agenda to reach out to these schools and tells them that they will get his support and receive state funding. He is going to support them maintaining these segregated spaces; I think it's a very close connection. I don't want to overstate it and say that race underlies everything. The force of these social issues are partially autonomous from race. But there are also very strong overlaps. Gun rights and race also have strong overlaps.
What about the George W. Bush administration? Bush is known for spending a lot on Africa and HIV/AIDS as well as working for comprehensive immigration reform. Did he rely on dog-whistle cues?
Bush is someone who in some ways appreciated that conservatism needed to moderate, that it was becoming too extreme. You see that in the slogan of "compassionate conservatism," as well as in what he tried to do around education, and you see it in his move away from the egregious race-baiting of his father in the Willie Horton ad. Coming out of Texas and realizing the increasing political power of blacks and Latinos, Bush was initially much more careful not to engage in that sort of really aggressive race-baiting. That shifted after 9/11. It shifted first around Muslims. What you see is the Bush administration now casting itself in a role as the "defender of the homeland," which requires an enemy, and it's not enough that the enemy remain external, that enemy has to be internal as well.
The Bush administration begins to cast itself as involved in a "clash of civilizations" in which there are internal enemies as well and we need to show that there are these terrorist sleeper cells, and how do we do that? We increase hysteria, we increase prosecutions and we establish these security and secrecy protocols so we can't actually tell you about the people that we are prosecuting. But we assure you that they are incredibly dangerous. All of the rhetoric then feeds into and adds a tremendous amount of political legitimacy to the latent hysteria in the U.S. about non-whites residents of the U.S. who are perceived as irredeemably foreign, as permanently foreign, and as threatening. That really accelerates around Muslims and it very easily adds fuel to social hysteria around Latinos — and Ronald Reagan had done his part to create that fear, so it was already simmering. But now you add the narrative of "We are a nation embattled" and the rhetoric of the homeland, which has a racial cast to it.
Almost immediately, politicians begin to say that the threat is our southern border, and when we try to stop "illegal aliens," we are trying to stop terrorism. So the Bush administration ends up being a time of intense racial hysteria, now not so much about African-Americans, although that continues, but about these foreign but internal threats from brown foreigners, be they Muslim or Latino. That's how race ends up working over the course of the Bush administration.
The Tea Party shares a lot with the Barry Goldwater style of conservatism, except now the racism has expanded to include Hispanics and Muslims.
With the Tea Party there is both a racial hysteria that is occurring on a national level and at a more regional level. On a national level, you have organizations like Fox News, which understand perfectly well that they can energize and mobilize a large portion of the white population by constantly hammering away at racial issues. That's exactly what it does with Obama, with the notion that he is foreign, with the notion that he is Muslim, with Sarah Palin's notion that he is "palling around with terrorists." She makes that comment with respect to a white activist [Bill Ayers], but with respect to the time, terrorist codes as "Muslim." On a national level, a lot of energy is being expended by Tea Party mobilizers to motivate people in terms of race.
It's worth remembering that Roger Ailes was a person who was key in developing Nixon's strategy and now he is head of Fox News, so it's not entirely surprising.
Absolutely. There is a direct connection there.
The Tea Party seems to have a rift with the more "moderate" national party.
There is an autonomy as to which politicians dog-whistle and how they see their electoral prospects. So states like Arizona or Georgia, these are states in which politicians can be incredibly aggressive in the ways that they dog-whistle around Latinos and the slurs they use when they talk about illegal immigrants and the sort of harsh and punitive laws they pass. That will play well in terms of their local populations and will get them elected and reelected. Until it doesn't. The national party looks around and sees that the political power of Latinos is increasing and we need to scale it back. But in some sense it's not up to the national party to scale it back now. You do get these autonomous elements and politicians have their own political calculus and it might be such that it allows them to engage in much more egregious race-baiting than the national conservative movement might deem most effective. You have this process in which faux populism can escape the control of national central organizers.
The toughest part is identifying the solution. As soon as you start talking about the Tea Party and race they turn around and say, "You are the racist for saying that we are the racists." Can you elaborate on some solutions?
An interesting example was when Obama made the brief remark that he doesn't look like all the other presidents on the dollar bills. He doesn't! We ought to be able to say that, and we ought to be able to say that there has been a practice of scaring people around race. The minute he said that, he was the racist, he was the one injecting race into the conversation and poisoning the post-racial harmony that otherwise defines the U.S. as far as conservatives were concerned. We cannot restore a robust commitment to progressive government that helps everybody until we can challenge that rhetoric. And we can't challenge that rhetoric until we once again engage with the power of race in our society. And that is a medium-term project. But it requires the commitment of lots of different actors, from politicians themselves, from foundations, from unions and from the media to really reengage with the role that race is playing and to be much more sophisticated in our understanding of how racism works and the many different forms of racisms. We have to get away from this idea that there is one sort of racism and it wears a Klan hood. Of course, that is an egregious form of racism, but there are many other forms of racism. There are racisms. And until we recognize that and start talking about it we're going to see that some of those forms of racisms are easily used to manipulate broad swaths of the American electorate.
Of course, during the Jim Crow South, a lot of the efforts used to disenfranchise black people ended up disenfranchising poor whites. You argue that the plutocratic agenda is being wielded to harm poor whites.
I would say this point is so central that I would put the point even more strongly. Dog-whistle politics is not fundamentally about race. It's fundamentally about attacking liberal government, attacking New Deal government, which is good for the country as a whole, but bad in the perception of some of the very rich. This is fundamentally about power, it's fundamentally about how we are going to organize a society for everybody. The core point here is that race is being used to wreck the middle class.
I want to emphasize that, because when people hear race, they think about poor minorities. And then the next thing they think is, "I don't really get it, that's not me, I'm pretty different, I'm going to tune out." But the central point here is that race is being used to wreck the middle class. This has been the way conservatives have found that they can attack commitments to education, commitments to a social safety net, commitments to infrastructure, commitments to job programs, commitments to progressive taxation that taxes the most wealthy to help the rest of society. This is about all of us, and if we continue to think, "race is the way they go after poor minorities, and yeah, that's bad, and I'll get to that next, but I don't have a job and my unemployment insurance has just been cut and my kids don't have good public schools to go to and I can't afford private schools," we've missed the point, and we've missed the way that race has been used to destroy a society that promotes the middle class.
This entry was posted in Politics, Race and tagged Ian Haney Lopez, race, racism on March 6, 2015 by seanadrianmc@gmail.com.


Tauranga is steeped in fascinating Maori legend, beginning with the Polynesian explorer named Kupe, who arrived by canoe from the homeland of Hawaiki in AD 950. The fleet of the Great Migration, considered to be the first mass arrival of Maori settlers, arrived about 400 years later.
Spend the day with the Ngati Manawa tribe to gain a deeper understanding of Maori history, culture and relationship to the Earth.
Board a coach and leave the city behind. You'll notice the landscape quickly change as you travel through the Kaingaroa Forest -- the largest planted forest in the world. As you pass the town of Rotorua, you'll notice the pungent aroma of sulfur surrounding this geothermal region.
On the outskirts of the tribal lands, an esteemed elder (kaumatua) provides a traditional Maori welcome. He'll share stories and legends as you journey past historical sites and you'll learn how his ancestors protected the land and its resources.
Back on the coach, travel a short distance to a rock shelter that holds a number of ancient cave drawings believed to pre-date the Great Migration.
Then, a Maori family warmly welcomes you to a hangi lunch -- a traditional bake of meats and vegetables cooked underground in a pit lined with hot stones and covered in vegetation. Chicken, pork, lamb, potatoes, kumara (sweet potato), and other vegetables are placed in the pit, covered with dirt and left to steam for several hours. After the food is unearthed, everyone feasts on a delicious meal. As you eat, you will learn of the hugely positive impact your visit is making on this small community.
After lunch, the kaumatua will lead you to a nearby waterfall and regale you with the important role the longfin eel plays in Maori culture.
As the day draws to a close, bid your hosts goodbye and rejoin the coach, charmed and enlightened by this treasured experience.
Wear comfortable walking shoes. Bring a hat and sunscreen. The hangi lunch is not suitable for vegans or vegetarians as the vegetables are cooked with the meat.


I have Joomla 1.5.7 installed.
after the warnings search results are apear.
But I looking for real solution. Somebody have an idea?
sprintf() warning was because of wrong format in language file.
like 3dentech mentioned, there is only one parameter expected.
Went ahead and check all that's been posted here. All seems to be correct. The problem persist. Any other suggestion?
Thanks, Boozi solution (changing the translation string) worked.
Supplemental: the problem of "too few arguments" can happen in other cases too (e.g. when you have more than 1 page in the results), even after you change the TOTALRESULTSFOUND, as Boozi wrote).
I found out that the pagination function looks for text translation JPAGE_CURRENT_OF_TOTAL, so changing it in /langages/he-IL/he-IL.ini to JPAGE_CURRENT_OF_TOTAL=עמוד %s מתוך %s solved the pagination missing parameters warning message.
I was looking for this and I've found this thread !
Both methods described work for me.


text:
Braille top 20 songs
Braille biography
1. A house-centric alter-ego of Praveen Sharma (of Sepalcure, Praveen & Benoît) 2. MC from Portland, Oregon. 3. Hardcore band, probably active in the 90's. 4. A hardcore punk band from Philadelphia, PA that has been active since 2012. http://braillephiladelphia.bandcamp.com/ 1) As the house-oriented solo project of Praveen Sharma (see Sepalcure, Praveen, and Praveen & Benoit), Braille combines classic chicago house vocals with deep, dubby melodic elements, all under the pulse of post-dubstep-influenced, sub-dominating bass. His debut EP, The Year 3000, is slated for a May, 2011 release on Rush Hour. 2) Always on a musical mission, BRAILLE has become one of rap's best-kept secrets. He has released three solo albums, performed throughout the U.S., Europe and Japan with artists like the late James Brown, De La Soul and others, been named one of the "Next 100" by URB magazine and collaborated with rap heavyweights such as 9th Wonder, CunninLyguists, and Pigeon John. All of these accomplishments set the stage for Braille's fourth album, the splendid The IV Edition (Syntax Records). In addition to being his fourth album, the title represents three other things. Braille wants the album to serve as an IV to distribute musical medicine for social illnesses directly into the veins of the society. IV also stands for "International Vision" (becoming more aware of what's going on in the world around us) and "International Version" (the album is made for an international audience and features German, French, Finish and Australian producers like M-Phazes, Aetoms, Staffro, etc). The album's title song serves as an ode to Braille's rap roots. Produced by Marco Polo and featuring scratches from Rob Swift, the energetic, drum-driven tune is a lyrical showcase that caters to rap's tremendous subterranean following. "The underground hip-hop base is a lot bigger than people think it is," Braille reveals. "Sometimes when people think of the word underground, they think of basement albums that just get dubbed on tape. So I'm sticking to my roots. I believe that the audience for lyricism and good hip-hop is much larger than most people assume. I wanted to start with the hip-hop base and take it from there." Elsewhere, Braille acknowledges his personal and artistic history on "Remember Your Path" and channels the energy of music icon James Brown on "Main Squeeze," with whom Braille toured as an opening act during 2005 and 2006. Then on "Calculated Risk" Braille gets personal by examining his decision to pursue and create lyric and beat-drive rap music with spiritual overtones. It's been a full time mission since 1999. "This could really end up being really detrimental to my career. I understand the risk of doing what I've done thus far. I understand the risk that I might not make it, that people might not buy my records. I understand those risks, but it's still worth it to me to put everything into a making a record the way I want it to sound and not worry about what's going on in the industry and on the radio." Braille was attracted to hip-hop at a young age. Hearing the variety of different styles and artists that existed during the early- to mid-'90s, Braille was inspired by the idea that he could write songs based on his own personal experiences and that he didn't have to fit into any specific stereotypes. One group that was fundamental in Braille's development at the time was A Tribe Called Quest, who changed his outlook on music with its landmark 1993 album Midnight Marauders. Rap was in the midst of a gangster rap renaissance at the time and the album's uplifting, positive vibe gave the then teen-aged Braille a boost. "Hearing people talk from different perspectives, I started to realize, 'Hey, I could make music and still be myself,'" the Portland-raised rapper recalls today. "It was fine that I grew up where I grew up. My size, stature and my personality are all attributes. They're not negatives. That's just who I am, so I felt that if I embraced those things, then I could do whatever I wanted with it." Growing up, Braille had more to worry about than music. Born in Portland, he and his family relocated to New Jersey when he was in high school. During his stay on the east coast, his family went bankrupt and returned to Portland to live with Braille's grandmother. However, Braille enjoyed being close to Philadelphia and New York and decided to stay by himself on the East Coast. In 1999, when he was 17, independent startup ESWP music released his first album, Lifefirst: Half The Battle. The battle to survive proved too tough, so Braille moved back to Portland only to find out there was no room in the house for him. He took a bus to Los Angeles in order to pursue a career in music. After a year in LA, he went back to Oregon and met the woman that would eventually become his wife. With music dreams, no high school diploma and newfound responsibility, Braille and his future wife started a business cleaning out repossessed homes. That wasn't the work Braille wanted to do, so he and his wife moved out of their place, put their stuff in storage and lived out of their van while they toured around the United States doing concerts. They didn't ask for payment at shows. With no bills, they sold merchandise to pay for gas and food. "I didn't have many career options because I spent most of my teenage years working on music," Braille says. "That's where I invested all of my time, so I was willing to make some sacrifices in order to continue pursuing it." Fortunately, the more Braille pursued his dream of making a living making music, the more real that dream became. He buckled down and in 2004 released his second album, Shades of Grey. The collection featured collaborations with 9th Wonder (Jay-Z, Destiny's Child) and Rob Swift and laid the foundation for a successful career. Thanks to such powerful, politically minded songs as "Keep On," it was easy for URB magazine to tap Braille one of their "Next 100." The following year, Braille's newly formed label Hiphop IS Music released his third album, Box of Rhymes. Following the album's release he would experience the joy of becoming a father as well as the pain of loosing one. The IV Edition deals with these issues and provides an outlook compromising of social change, spiritual beliefs, confidence and the ability to carry on. Though he did not grow up in a spiritual household, Braille found the spiritual references he encountered in rap encouraging and decided to act upon them. "I believed there was something out there," Braille says, "and I started out trying to be a positive person. I felt a gut on my heart and I eventually ended up meeting this other artist, Trust One, and when we got together, I thought we were going to talk about hip-hop. He told me more about God and I started on my path as a follower of Christ. That had a big impact on the direction I took in life and as an artist" 3) No info about them, released a demo tape. 4) Four Adult Males from Philadelphia. 90s-influenced hardcore punk with its own unique twist. Sean, Dustin, Andrew, and John.
Please write a few words
Last 20 Mp3 Downloads
Alicia Keys - How Come You Don't Call Me
Ariana Grande - Dangerous Woman
Alicia Keys - Karma
Ben E. King - Stand By Me
Alicia Keys - Alicia Keyes - Your Secrets.mp
Alicia Keys - Why Do I Feel So Sad
Biggie Smalls - Juicy
Peeping Tom - Mojo
Con - Mai Bên Em Anh Nhé - Ngô Trác Linh *--- ---*Đỉnh Cao Của Âm Nhạc *- *nhạ...
Lukas Graham - 7 Years
Sia - Sia - Soon We'll Be Found
Travis Porter - Freaky Girl Feat Jeremih [No Dj]
Jason Aldean - Hicktown
Alan Walker - Faded
Boney M. - Barbra Go Home (Dj Vitaly Roma
Moby - Porcelain
Harvey Danger - Flagpole Sitta
Circa Survive - In Fear And Faith
Mary J. Blige - Mary J. Blige - Family Affair
One Call Away

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved when send token from account to marketplace I'm trying to transfer my NFT to a marketplace
pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

import "hardhat/console.sol";

contract NFT is ERC721URIStorage {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;

    address contractAddress;

    constructor(address marketplaceAddress) ERC721("Heliopolis NFT", "HNFT") {
        contractAddress = marketplaceAddress;
    }

    function createToken(string memory tokenURI) public returns (uint256) {
        _tokenIds.increment();

        uint256 newItemId = _tokenIds.current();
        _mint(msg.sender, newItemId);
        _setTokenURI(newItemId, tokenURI);

        setApprovalForAll(contractAddress, true);

        return newItemId;
    }

    function transferToken(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external {
        require(ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "From address must be token owner");
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function getContractAddress() public view returns (address) {
        return contractAddress;
    }
}

When I run my web3modal code as below:
import { ethers } from 'ethers';
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal';

import { nftMarketplaceAddress, nftAddress } from 'utils/contracts';

import { nftMarketplaceAbi } from 'utils/nftMarketplaceAbi';

// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
export const resellNft = async (nft: any) => {
    try{
        const web3Modal = new Web3Modal();
        const connection = await web3Modal.connect();
        const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection);
        const signer = provider.getSigner();
        const contract = new ethers.Contract(nftMarketplaceAddress, nftMarketplaceAbi, signer);
        // putItemToResll is a Marketplace function, that uses transferToken(*) above
        const transaction = await contract.putItemToResell(nftAddress, nft.tokenId, nft.price,
            {
                gasLimit: 1000000,
                gasPrice: ethers.utils.parseUnits("10", "gwei"),
                value: ethers.utils.parseUnits("0.001", "ether"),

            }
        );
        const response = await transaction.wait();
        console.log(response);
    }catch (e:any){
        throw e;
    }

}

I would receive an error ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved. This thread (ERC721: transfer caller is not owner nor approved) suggests that I should approve the marketplace to call transferFrom() on my behalf, but I recognise that my NFT contract has that approve method in it super-super-...-super class. Would there be any to work this out?

A: yes what you're assuming is correct.
If you want another contract to transfer an NFT on your behalf you need to approve that contract.
You can see the function:
function setApprovalForAll(address _operator, bool _approved) external;
Which is part of the ERC721 standard.
So in order to let you marketplace transfer user NFTs on his behalf once sold for exemple you want to call first:
yourNftContract.setApprovalForAll(marketplaceContractAddress, true)
It is the same if you try to put an NFT on sale on opensea, you will first have to do this approval transaction to authorise opensea contract.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


is a two-component, powder metol-hydroquinone developer which is equivalent to the developer Kodak D76 or Ilford ID11. It is designed for manual processing of all types of black and white films. It produces images in neutral black tone. It is supplied in packaging to make up 1 litre of working solution.


Melatonin supplements are considered effective as natural sleep aids, helping to reduce the time required to fall asleep and improving sleep quality according to some metrics. This supplement is typically used in conditions that involve sleep-wake cycle disturbances and as a short-term treatment for insomnia.
The circadian rhytym is a 24-hour cycle that involves behavioral, physical and mental changes influenced by light and darkness. Your circadian cycle depends on predictable levels of melatonin to facilitate sleep onset, help the body stay asleep and improve daytime alertness.
Melatonin is primarily used as a natural sleep supplement, though it does exhibit a number of other beneficial effects in the body related to aging and life extension. Research shows that taking a melatonin supplement before bedtime can reduce sleep latency (amount of time it takes to fall asleep) in adults and children.
This supplement can also improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia and other sleep disorders on both objective and subjective measurements. In studies, it has been found to improve the duration of sleep and to increase the percentage of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep in adults.
Other studies have shown that it can reduce the number of awakenings during the night in elderly individuals diagnosed with dementia and sleep-wake cycle disturbances. This compound is also used as an adjunct therapy in mood disorders and in developmental disorders in children.
In addition to treating insomnia, sleep disorders and jet lag  , melatonin has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and anti-apoptotic actions on body tissues and organs.
In addition, a comprehensive review of studies involving melatonin supplement benefits on human subjects found this hoirmone may help delay or reduce symptoms of glaucoma, diabetes, macular degeneration and hypertension.
Moreover, the majority of research documents "very low toxicity of melatonin over a wide range of dosages".
In animal studies, melatonin's antioxidant properties have been shown to be beneficial in treating Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress has been proved to be an "early event in the pathogenesis of AD".
A review of experimental data supports the role of melatonin in preventing the development of breast cancer tumors. Research shows that melatonin decreases estrogen and estradiol levels.
Studies indicate that melatonin supplements may alleviate or possibly prevent migraines. For reasons not yet known, endogenous melatonin levels are lower in migraine patients than in patients who have never had a migraine.
Doctors recommend using a low dose of melatonin when starting supplementation to determine how much is needed to treat insomnia or other sleep disorders. Taking more melatonin than is necessary may not be effective for alleviating sleep problems or jet lag.
Melatonin should be taken about an hour before you go to bed. For treating jet lag, take this product before you go to sleep on the day you reach your destination. Keep taking melatonin supplements for about three to five days to restore your normal circadian rhythm.
Companies offering melatonin supplements generally provide one, three and 10 mg tablets or liquid softgels. Some sell dissolving melatonin tablets that melt on your tongue while other brands have "gummies" for people who cannot take softgels or tablets.
There are also liquid melatonin drops available for infants, children, elderly individuals or for pets who cannot swallow pills.
A few melatonin supplement manufacturers combine three mg of melatonin with 200 mg of L-theanine  to regulate sleep cycles and relax the mind at bedtime.
Additionally, vitamin B6 is sometimes combined with these supplements because this particular B vitamin helps the pineal gland produce melatonin.
People taking melatonin supplements report staying asleep all night and waking refreshed without experiencing the grogginess caused by prescription sleep aids. Shift workers also say that melatonin supplements help them get to sleep faster when working all night.
Senior citizens also give positive melatonin supplement reviews for relief of age-related insomnia or nighttime waking.
http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/14574--Zisapel, N. (1999). "The Use of Melatonin for the Treatment of Insomnia". Neurosignals, Vol. 8, No. 1-2.
http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/12019344--Cardinali, D.P. et al. (2002) "Melatonin in sleep disorders and jet-lag". Neuroendocrinology Letters, 23 Suppl 1:9-13.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2015/00000021/00000007/art00012--Hrenak, J. et al. (2015) "Melatonin and renal protection: novel perspectives from animal experiments and human studies (Review)" Current Pharmaceutical Design, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 936-949.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813897--Sanchex-Barcelo, E. et al. (2005). "Melatonin-estrogen interactions in breast cancer". Journal of Pineal Research, Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp. 217-22.


How the NHS is coping with winter.
How well is Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust coping with winter pressures?
This is how the Trust coped from January 7 to 13.
General and acute wards at Northumbria Healthcare were 88.8% full on average, above the safe limit of 85% recommended by health experts.
The occupancy rate has risen slightly since the previous week, when the trust was 86.7% full.
British Medical Association guidelines state 'to ensure safe patient care, occupancy should ideally not exceed 85%'.
On average, Northumbria Healthcare had 897 available beds each day, of which 797 were in use. Of those, eight were escalation beds – temporary beds set up in periods of intense pressure.
At Northumbria Healthcare, 373 patients had been in hospital for a week or more, taking up nearly half of the occupied beds. Of these, 130 had been in hospital for at least three weeks, making up 16% of all occupied beds.
A total of 866 patients were taken by ambulance to A&E during the week. That's a drop in emergency arrivals compared to the previous week, when 903 patients were brought by ambulance.
Delays left 184 patients waiting 30 minutes or more before they could be transferred – more than a fifth of all ambulance arrivals.
Of those, 44 unlucky individuals waited longer than an hour.
Any delay in transferring patients leaves ambulances unable to respond to other emergencies, as well as risking their patients' safety.
Delays affected considerably more patients than the previous week, when 116 patients waited more than 30 minutes to be transferred.
This week, hospital staff at Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust were forced to close three beds when the norovirus problem was at its most severe.
That's fewer than the previous week, when four beds were shut down due to outbreaks of the virus.
The Trust's chief operating officer Helen Ray said: "Thanks to careful planning and the herculean efforts of our staff, we have managed to maintain a level of performance and patient care that sees us ranked 10th in the country for A&E waiting times during the month of December. However, with an extra 10,000 people attending our hospitals this year compared to last – already a record – it is clear that our staff are facing significant pressures.
"When this is combined with flu which is starting to affect increasing numbers of patients and the cold weather expected, we know that we face some big challenges over the coming weeks. As such, it is vital that the public do all they can to help their NHS by making the right choices when they need care.


text:
A Louisiana Federal Court Jury "Goes Wild" with Multi-Billion Dollar Award
JAPANESE DRUG MANUFACTURER, TAKEDA, HIT WITH A $6 BILLION PUNITIVE DAMAGE AWARD BASED ON ALLEGED SPOLIATION AND CONCEALMENT OF EVIDENCE (AND THE PASSION AND PREJUDICE OF THE JURY).
In reliance on recent Supreme Court decisions, manufacturers may have thought that punitive damage awards hundreds of times the compensatory damages in a case were not supposed to happen anymore. But a jury in Lafayette, Louisiana thought differently on April 7, 2014 when it awarded punitive damages of $6 billion (or 6,100 times the compensatory award) against Takeda, a manufacturer of the drug Actos®, and $3 billion against Eli Lilly. In Re Actos (Pioglitazone) Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 6:11-md-2299, Rec. Doc. 4108 (W.D.La..A. April 7, 2014).
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. (and related companies) and Eli Lilly & Company are defendants in multi-district litigation ("MDL") in federal court related to the drug Actos®. This drug is used by diabetics in hopes that they achieve better cardiovascular outcomes. Takeda allegedly learned and then concealed internal 2004 studies showing there was a very high rate of bladder cancer associated with use of Actos®. This information did not come to light until 2011 when a French scientist wrote about his findings concerning the relationship between bladder cancer and the use of Actos®.
Two individual "Actos®" plaintiffs, Mr. and Mrs. Allan, proceeded to trial in April 2014 in the federal MDL proceedings in Lafayette, Louisiana. One of the principal issues in the trial was quantification of punitive damages against Takeda. Plaintiff introduced evidence that:
• Takeda hid its 2004 clinical trial data showing that Actos® causes bladder cancer;
• Takeda concealed statistical data showing an almost 200% increase in the number of bladder cancer adverse event reports from the use of Actos® (for over six years and $10 billion in sales of Actos®);
• Takeda failed to disclose epidemiological studies that showed an extremely high risk of bladder cancer from use of Actos®;
• Takeda engaged in the spoliation of the e-mail files of nine top -level Japanese executives, five company officers in Europe, and thirty-two U.S. officers, sales representatives and other employees;
• Takeda was involved in "ghost writing" of publications, including scientific documents, sent to the FDA to dispel the bladder cancer issue involving use of Actos®; and
• Takeda fired a doctor who refused to downgrade serious adverse event reports about the risk of bladder cancer from use of Actos®.
See Rec. In Re Actos (Pioglitazone) Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 6:11-md-2299, Rec. Doc. 4423, Opposition of Plaintiffs to Motion for New Trial by Defendants. Takeda's evidence and its denials of these claims were unconvincing to the jury, which awarded $6 billion in punitive damages against Takeda.
In post-trial briefs, Takeda argued that the punitive damage award should be reduced to the amount of the compensatory damage award of $1.475 million because:
• The punitive award was grossly excessive in violation of its constitutional rights to due process, as articulated in State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Campbell, 538 U.S. 408, 416 (2003) and BMW of N. America v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559, 574 (1996);
• Takeda's conduct was not reprehensible and therefore punitive damages are not permissible. In support of this argument, Takeda argued that Actos® is still on the market, the Actos® label contained FDA-approved warning information about bladder cancer, and the alleged spoliation of e-mails was "no harm, no foul" because Takeda had disclosed certain clinical trial data and epidemiological studies (and there was no evidence offered that the "spoliated" e-mails contained any relevant information.)
Note: Takeda apparently faced an "up-hill battle" with respect to spoliation of its employee
e-mails based upon the district court's allowing an adverse inference instruction for the jury to use in considering the alleged destruction of e-mail evidence and the alleged failure of Takeda to abide by its internal litigation holds.
The MDL court has not set a date for decision on Takeda's motion for new trial, but it will very likely reduce the "runaway" jury verdicts to comply with Constitutional standards limiting punitive damages to an amount equal or close to the amount of compensatory damages of $1.475 million.
This entry was posted in Product Liability and tagged litigation, product liability, punitive damage on August 14, 2014 by ksintz.
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text:
First-To-File And First-To-Invent Priority: An American Historical Perspective
- January 3, 2013, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 2013, Vol. 8, No. 1
Author(s): Charles R. Macedo
Since the time the USA was first formed, our founding fathers recognized that rewarding inventors with a limited monopoly on their invention in exchange for public disclosure was an important part of the American nation's fabric. Indeed, the US Constitution included this power in Article I(8)(8), in the patents and copyright clause, and in 1790, one of our nation's first laws was the original Patent Act (see 1 Stat 109 (1990)). However, our founding fathers were also sceptical of granting just anyone a monopoly, based on misuse of this power by the Crown in England in earlier times. So the concept was that only 'Inventors', understood under Anglo-American principles dating to the Cases of Monopolies, Darcey v Allein, 77 Eng Rep 1260 (KB 1602) and the Statutes of Monopolies, 21 Jac I, Ch 3 (1624), to mean 'first and true' inventors, should be entitled to a patent award. From that time on, it has been a fundamental premise of the American patent system that only 'first and true' inventors are entitled to a patent.
However, it was also recognized that sometimes inventors needed time to develop, perfect and test their inventions before expending money and resources on seeking patent protection. Thus, US Patent Law developed a 'one-year grace period' for the 'first and true' inventor to seek patent protection. This grace period has been embodied in the US patent laws since its earliest days, and exists in the pre-AIA version of 35 USC § 102. The US system has been referred to as a 'first-to-invent' system. In this system, if two 'inventors' filed for the same invention, the first to invent it would be awarded the patent.
By the last quarter of the 20th century, most other patent systems in the world applied a different rule: the so-called 'first-to-file' rule. These systems would apply an 'absolute novelty' rule that did not allow for pre-filing disclosure, and would grant a patent to the first inventor to file for a patent, irrespective of who invented it first.
Since at least the 1960s there have been periodic debates in the US as to whether to discard the 'first-to-invent' system so well engrained in the American patent ethos, and replace it with the 'first-to-file' system adopted by what ultimately proved to be the rest of the world. In the 1960s, the debate was sparked by a Presidential Commission Report (see Report of the President's Commission on the Patent System, 'To Promote the Progress Of … Useful Art', in An Age of Exploding Technology (1966). In the 1980s and 1990s, the debate was sparked by the World Intellectual Property Organization treaty negotiations to harmonize the world's patent laws, and obtain stronger patent protection outside the USA. Most recently, the debate was sparked by patent reform efforts resulting in the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act of 2011.
In the prior efforts to adopt a 'first-to-file' system, the issue was often presented as a battle between big business (who, in order to obtain international patent protection, would essentially follow a 'first-to-file' mentality) and the small inventor (who may not have the funds to seek international patent protection and often was thought to rely upon the one-year grace period). Until the AIA, the objections of the 'small inventor' would trump big business and defeat any effort to change the patent system.
The AIA seeks to overcome this objection by creating a hybrid 'first-to-file'/'first-to-publish' grace period. It is held out as 'harmonizing' US law, and addressing both the concerns of big business and the small inventor, because new 35 USC § 102(a) adopts a 'first-to-file' while new 35 USC § 102(b) created 'exceptions' as a watered down 'grace period' based on prior disclosure.
However, rather than adopting a single harmonized rule for the world, the AIA created a 'third rule'. The language included in the AIA includes vagaries that will be left open to interpretation for decades to come, and will keep many patent attorneys employed. Further, the 'grace period' which small inventors had relied upon in the past, could become a trap for the unwary. The AIA also has a 'fourth rule' which applies to applications that claim priority in part before the March 2013 effective date, but include claims which do not.
More than two decades ago, as a young law student, I performed a scholarly analysis of the benefits of adopting a first-to-file rule in the USA instead of the current first-invent rule (see Charles R Macado 'First-To-File: Is American Adoption of the International Standard in Patent Law Worth the Price?' (1988) Colum Bus L Rev 543). I analysed the two systems in terms of their respective accuracy, efficiency, fairness and acceptability. At the time, I concluded that weighing these factors, the transaction costs of adopting a new patent law would argue strongly against the changing of the system, but if the USA were to receive some other benefit like global harmonization or treaty concessions to help US innovators, a change might be worthwhile.
The adoption of a third and fourth rule as part of the AIA has now incurred those transaction costs, without actually harmonizing US patent law with any other patent system. Likewise, the US did not obtain any treaty concessions as a result of the AIA. We will likely have decades to ponder whether the AIA will set a new international standard, or merely just another new and different rule.
Charles Macedo is a partner at Amster, Rothstein & Ebenstein LLP. Their practice specializes in intellectual property issues including litigating patent, trademark and other intellectual property disputes. Mr. Macedo may be reached at [email protected].
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The combination of the funds being poured into the fintech space and the amount of investment by the large financial institutions means that there are numerous fintech companies being built everyday around the world. 2016 has been an amazing year for Fintech, as we are coming closer to the end of the year, it will be good to have a look at some of the fast growing companies in fintech. Our list will take into account user traffic, hiring, venture capital fundraising, among other factors.
ZhongAn is an Internet-based insurance company data. The company experienced remarkable growth by raising $930 million Series A and recorded a $10 billion valuation last year. The company has over 400 million customers, and targets winning over more consumers. Last year, H2 Ventures and KPMG Fintech ranked ZongAn as the world's leading fintech innovator for 2015.
Founded in founded in 2011, Wealthfront is among the fastest growing and well-documented company. With more than $1bn in client assets under management, the company is the largest and fastest developing automated investment service on the planet. It has raised more than $65m in funding from top VCs including Greylock Partners and Index Ventures and high profile angels, such as Joe Jordan, Ben Horowitz, and Marc Andreessen. The firm manages more than 80,970 accounts.
Betterment, a 7-year old "robo-adviser" wealth manager, outshined rival Wealthfront last year after surpassing $3 billion in assets under management — almost tripling client funds since January last year. The company said it raised over $100 million Series E round of funding with Kinnevik leading the deal and former investors Bessemer Venture Partners, Menlo Ventures, Francisco Partners and Anthemis Group participating. Fortune said that the transaction provide the company with a post-money valuation of $700 million, up from $450 million in 2015. Currently, Betterment serves over 100,000 Customers.
Encap offers award-winning authentication technology that allows the future of mobile identity. The company provides context-based multi-factor authentication for the financial services industry that turns user's smart device into a banking-grade security credential. Based in Norway, it works with major banks across Europe including Santander, Entercard, and Sparebanken Vest. Encap was recognized by US industry analyst firm Forrester as one of the top lights in a new generation of authentication providers.
Atom Bank , a digital-only bank, that is among the fast growing fintech companies in Europe. Before it was launched in early 2016, the company had raised over £135 million from its investors such as BBVA, Woodford, Toscafund, Marathon and Polar Capital. Atom Bank has no branches or big call centres. All contacts are through the app. Atom Bank was ranked 8 in KPMG's Global FinTech Innovators 100.
Launched in 2013, OurCrowd is an equity crowdfunding platform. It is made for accredited investors to offer venture capital funding for early-stage start-ups. OurCrowd has grown extremely fast over the last 3+ years. Early 2016, the company raised over $10 million, with the stated aim of expanding into Asian markets. Last month, the company announced that it had raised $72 million in a Series C round of funding, and anticipated the final figure to reach $100 million. As of September 2016, the company has 100 companies in its portfolio, with over $300 million invested.
NoviCap allows its customers to have early payments for their outstanding invoices within 48 hours. In 2015, the company raised over $1.7 million from its investors such as Partech Ventures, Cabiedes & Partners, and Tec stars Ventures. The company was listed by Techworld as among the 10 fast growing fintech startup in the UK.
Founded in 2013, Tandem Bank is a mobile-first full service retail bank that serves customers through direct channels: mobile, web, contact centre. Within 15 minute of its launch, the company had raised over £1million. Tandem is among the top so-called 'challenger banks 'that are fast growing in Europe.
Thought Machine is revolutionizing technology to bring Big Data and Machine Learning to the personal finance world. The company has an employee growth rate of 850% and works with financial institution that wants to innovate. According to Sonovate, Thought Machine is among the top ten fastest growing fintechs.
In the 2015 Deloitte Technology Fast 500 Asia, the list that tracks the fastest growing tech companies in Asia, ranked Prospa as the third fastest growing tech startup in the region . The Sydney-based company has grown 6971% over the last three years.


I need to create a new Multisite website using wordpress.
The projects I am going to create requires two Member Level Access (Standard and Premium), the first one is a free subscription, while the second one is a paid subscription.
I need that only after a member buys "Premium Member", he has the possibility to activate a new blog site in a subdomain of the network.
I have also noticed that when a new user activates a new blog, this new blog is a "clone" of my main website.... but I need that the new blog has a different structure, menu, pages.... is it possible to do this?
Page 58 Of 76 talks about blog creation and how you can control that according to the user level.
You will control it with the Access level you have created for the premium plan : You can add Blog creation to positive rules and then you can define that a user on that level can create this many blogs on your network.
Make sure that at the same time, you put the blogs rules in negative rules for the free access level so that they are not able to create any blogs on your site.
Are you using New Blog Templates ? or any other site templating plugin for Multisite ?
As if you are using New Blog Templates then you can set a template to be a default template and then any new sites which are created will be the clones of that template.
HI, thanks a lot for the helpful answers.
I ask this cause I need some keyword to identify blogs in the network... so my idea is to create some category for new blogs.
Is possible to do this... or there is some plugin that can help me?


This presentation template 18656 is complete compatible with Google Slides. Just download PPTX and open the theme in Google Slides. Nice PowerPoint template will be great choice for presentations on future transport, tunnel projection, architecture modeling, 3D modeling, tunnels, etc.


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Expedited Arbitration Commencement
Commence Arbitration
Pursuant to the Ljubljana Arbitration Rules the proceedings commence when the Request for Expedited Arbitration is received by the LAC. Upon filing the Request for Expedited Arbitration, the Claimant must pay a registration fee and enclose the proof of payment with the Request.
The Request for Expedited Arbitration shall include:
The Claimant shall submit, together with the Request for Arbitration, its tax identification number (if any) or another appropriate means of identification for the purposes of value added tax.
Send the Request for Expedited Arbitration to the LAC by e-mail to: arbitraza.lj@gzs.si.
Upon filing the Request for Expedited Arbitration, the Claimant must pay a registration fee in the amount of EUR 1,000 + VAT.
The registration fee must be transferred to the business account of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia, opened with Nova Ljubljanska banka, d.d.
Business account no. (IBAN): SI56 0292 4001 7841 495
BIC/SWIFT: LJBASI2X
Tax ID no.: SI73354376
The indicated purpose of payment must be the company name/personal name of the Claimant.
The registration fee is included in the administrative fee of the LAC and is part of the advance on the costs of the arbitration paid by the Claimant. Until the registration fee has been paid, the Secretariat will not send the Request for Arbitration to the Respondent. If the Claimant fails to pay the registration fee, the Secretariat shall set a time period for the payment. If the registration fee is not paid within this time period, the Secretariat may terminate the proceedings.
Shema arbitražnega postopka - content
Arbitration is a procedure for resolving disputes before the Arbitral Tribunal that can be composed of one or more arbitrators. The Ljubljana Arbitration Rules enable the parties to agree on the number of arbitrators. Where the parties have not agreed on the number of arbitrators, the dispute is to be decided by a panel of three arbitrators unless the Board, taking into account the complexity of the case, the amount in dispute or other circumstances, decides that the dispute is to be decided by a sole arbitrator.
Where the Arbitral Tribunal is to consist of a sole arbitrator, the parties shall nominate the arbitrator jointly. Where the Arbitral Tribunal is to consist of more than one arbitrator, each party shall nominate an equal number of arbitrators. The arbitrators thus nominated shall nominate the arbitrator who is to act as the Chairperson of the Arbitral Tribunal.
Every arbitrator must be impartial and independent and the confirmation of a nominated arbitrator shall be decided upon by the Secretariat. Once all nominated arbitrators have been confirmed, the Arbitral Tribunal is constituted. As soon as the Arbitral Tribunal has been constituted and the advance on costs has been paid, the Secretariat shall transmit the file to the Arbitral Tribunal. The final award shall be made no later than nine months (six months in the case of expedited arbitral proceedings) from the date upon which the file was transmitted.
Arbitration enables the parties to agree on all relevant aspects of the proceedings (the number of arbitrators, procedural rules, the seat of the arbitration, the language of the proceedings, etc.).
Scheme of the Arbitral Proceedings According to the Ljubljana Arbitration Rules
The arbitral proceedings commence when the Request for Arbitration is received by the LAC.
Upon filing the Request for Arbitration, the Claimant must pay a registration fee and enclose the proof of payment with the Request. Until the registration fee has been paid, the Secretariat will not send the Request for Arbitration to the Respondent.
The Request for Arbitration (together with any attachments) must be submitted in a sufficient number of copies (for the LAC, each of the parties and each of the arbitrators), unless they are submitted by electronic means.
A so-called prima facie examination of jurisdiction is carried out. The LAC may refuse to administer a case if it is prima facie evident that there is no jurisdiction over the dispute under the Ljubljana Arbitration Rules or the parties have agreed on procedural rules that deviate from the provisions of the Ljubljana Arbitration Rules to such a degree that the proceedings would be disproportionately hindered.
The Secretariat sends the Request for Arbitration to the Respondent. After receiving the Answer to the Request for Arbitration, the Secretariat sends it to the Claimant.
The Respondent must submit an Answer to the Request for Arbitration within 30 days.
The Answer to the Request for Arbitration (together with any attachments) must be submitted in a sufficient number of copies (for the LAC, each of the parties and each of the arbitrators), unless they are submitted by electronic means.
The Respondent shall, as a rule, make any counterclaims or set-off claims upon the submission of the Answer to the Request for Arbitration.
If the Respondent fails to submit an Answer to the Request for Arbitration, the proceedings shall continue.
Where the Arbitral Tribunal is to consist of a sole arbitrator, the parties shall nominate the arbitrator jointly. If the parties fail to do so, the appointment shall be made by the Board.
Where the Arbitral Tribunal is to consist of more than one arbitrator, each party shall nominate an equal number of arbitrators. The arbitrators thus nominated shall, after their confirmation, within 15 days of being directed to do so by the Secretariat, nominate the arbitrator who is to act as the Chairperson of the Arbitral Tribunal.
Where any of the arbitrators is not nominated within the time period agreed by the parties or set by the Secretariat, the appointment shall be made by the Board.
The nominated arbitrator must be confirmed by the Secretariat. Upon confirmation, the nominated arbitrator is considered appointed. Once all nominated arbitrators have been confirmed, the Arbitral Tribunal is constituted. The Secretariat shall notify the parties accordingly.
The Claimant and the Respondent shall each pay half of the advance unless separate advances have been determined.
If a party fails to pay the required advance within the period of time determined by the Secretariat, the Secretariat shall direct the other party to make the payment and set a time period for payment. If the payment is not made, the Secretariat may terminate the proceedings in whole or in part. If the other party makes the payment, the Arbitral Tribunal may, at the request of that party, make a separate award by which it orders the defaulting party to reimburse the other party for the paid advance.
As soon as the Arbitral Tribunal has been constituted and the advance on costs has been paid, the Secretariat shall transmit the file to the Arbitral Tribunal. The Tribunal shall promptly, after prior consultation with the parties, establish a procedural timetable for the conduct of the proceedings. By way of the procedural timetable, the Arbitral Tribunal shall set the periods of time for the submission of the Statement of Claim and the Statement of Defence as well as any further written submissions, the date(s) of the hearing, the date until which the Arbitral Tribunal shall make the final award and other particulars it deems necessary.
The Arbitral Tribunal shall send the procedural timetable and any amendments to the parties and the LAC.
i. the relief or remedy sought; and
ii. the statement of facts and legal grounds supporting the claim.
i. a statement whether and to what extent the Respondent admits or denies the relief or remedy sought by the Claimant; and
ii. a statement of the facts and legal grounds supporting the defence.
The provisions pertaining to the Statement of Claim shall apply mutatis mutandis to a counterclaim and a set-off claim.
Before making the final award, the Arbitral Tribunal shall obtain from the Secretariat a final determination of the costs of the arbitration. Where the proceedings are terminated prior to the making of the final award by way of an order for termination of the proceedings or an award on agreed terms, the Secretariat shall finally determine the costs of the arbitration, having regard to the stage in which the proceedings have terminated, the work performed by the Arbitral Tribunal and any other relevant circumstances.
The final award shall be made no later than nine months from the date upon which the file was transmitted to the Arbitral Tribunal. For justified reasons, the Board may extend this time limit upon a reasoned request by the Arbitral Tribunal or of its own motion.
An award shall be final and binding on the parties. As regards the parties, an award shall have the effect of a final and binding court judgment.
The LAC shall pay out the costs of the arbitration from the advance paid by the parties. After the proceedings have concluded, any unused amount of the advance shall be returned to the parties.
Shema - link


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Security Vulnerabilities Involving Cloud-Based e-Signatures
While cloud-based e-Signature solutions address issues such as geography, storage and efficient workflow, they also present new IT security vulnerabilities that need to be addressed.
By Evelyn Kotler | 24.03.2014
According to Gartner "Evolving e-Signature products can change regional buying but raise data residency risks in the cloud." "New cloud e-signature products that can be deployed across regions will force CISOs and compliance decision makers to assess and prioritize the risk introduced in the residency of sensitive data."
One of the hottest trends in today's market is getting the business up "in the cloud". Cloud-based solutions make old cumbersome paper- involved work processes seam illogic and inefficient. Such work processes involve the need to print, physically handle, mail, store, archive and at times dispose documents. It is therefore quite comprehendible why businesses turn to the Cloud. Cloud-based solutions equal green, paperless ecologic cost-reducing work processes which ultimately lead to savings in valuable time and human resources. By running a digital business, managers get to free up their personnel to more important tasks and improve the efficiency and service of their business.
During the last decade, a significant acceleration in the e-Signatures demand has been observed globally among businesses and organizations of all sizes and sectors associated. For terminology's sake, an e-Signature is the most basic kind of digitized signature, and is considered to be an insecure way of signing documentation since there is nothing preventing one person from typing or signing another person's name. As opposed to the e-Signature, a digital signature is a secure, coded way of signing, ensuring the authenticity of the signer and addressing issues related to data integrity and protection. The signer is identified by a Certificate Authority (CA), which then issues a coded digital certificate to be used by the signer together with a digital signature software.
"The e-Signature cannot blossom in an untrustworthy ground" says Mr. Zeev Shetach, CEO of ComSignTrust, "The trust is like the oxygen for the e-Signature to be a common way of doing business. Trusted international CA's such as ComSign, are the organizations that can build this trust for e-Prescriptions, e-Tax, e-Business and other electronic applications".
The main players in the e-Signature market are often niche-oriented and provide different varieties of solutions. However most vendors do not relate to security related issues. And those who do, often lack in the security aspect related to their cloud-based products. "Vendors are adapting e-Signature products to offer different country-based and industry-specific signature methods. Security decision makers will need to perform due diligence on the data residency of sensitive corporate information." says Gartner.
To summarize, the evaluation process of an e-Signature solution, even more so when it is cloud-based, should include the following:
High-level IT Security oriented solution provider – to ensure private and public data protection and to comply with country and sector based security and privacy regulations.
Product should support Certificate Authority (CA) issued digital certificates –for proper identification of signers, preventing fraud and forgery and is legally binding.
Integration capabilities with applications such as SharePoint, salesforce.com, CRM, ERP, accounting software and BPM solutions.
Simple user friendly UI with multiple signature types embedded in the product – to ensure flexibility supporting internationally diverse businesses and meeting use-case requirements.
Compliant with international e-Trade e-signature requirements -electronic signature as enabler of e-Trade and e-Business.
ComSignTrust is a pioneer and a world leader in developing secure, qualified, PKI-based digital signature solutions. With a simple click-to-sign interface, users can easily sign and lock any type of file anywhere, anytime, using any device. ComSignTrust offers desktop, portable, cloud, web, and mobile solutions, with capabilities such as Multi-Signer and powerful API, and integrates easily with applications such as SharePoint, salesforce.com, ERP,CRM and BPM solutions. The Company's products are easy to deploy and provide secure, cost effective, quick and efficient work flow signature processes while protecting against business disruption from internal and external threats. Tailored to serve the needs of medium to enterprise-sized businesses in all sectors, the Company offers fast ROI solutions that comply with country and industry specific laws, regulations and standards. With ComSignTrust, organizations are able to rapidly implement a comprehensive solution for digital signature and security in just minutes and experience an unbeatable performance – unlimited volume of documents may be signed in a very short time, specific documents' digital signing requirements can be met easily, such as: e-Signature, e-Invoicing, e-Policies, e-Trade, registered mail, secure electronic archiving and more. Privately held and founded in 2009, ComSignTrust's main headquarters are located in Israel. ComSignTrust is part of Comda Group, founded in 1985, with companies in the IT Security software development and integration areas, as well as a Certificate Authority (CA). Visit the ComSignTrust web site at www.comsigntrust.com .
Evelyn Kotler is Marketing Manager at Comda Group and ComSignTrust and can be reached at evelynk@comda.co.il


Nikki Marhefka, EdM, MT(ASCP), CMA(AAMA) is the Program Director of the Medical Assisting Program at Central Penn College in Summerdale. She has designed and taught all of the administrative and clinical courses for the on ground and hybrid programs at the college, and she coordinates the student practicums. She has been teaching in medical assisting programs for 20 years and has been a contributing author for medical laboratory textbooks.
I volunteer preparing dinners at the Shalom House shelter, and include the Club M Ed members from the college. I enjoy reading and gardening, and am a fan of Pittsburgh sports teams.
I have great respect for the learner so I enjoy sharing the experience. I am here to set the scene for motivation for the student by showing the relevance of learning and using interesting hands-on, student-centered learning. I enjoy mentoring the students to improve study skills, to help them with time management skills and develop professional behaviors.


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Home » Business Tips » 7 Years Ago, Elon Musk Demonstrated the Perfect Way to Respond to Criticism. It's a Lesson in Emotional Intelligence
7 Years Ago, Elon Musk Demonstrated the Perfect Way to Respond to Criticism. It's a Lesson in Emotional Intelligence
We live in a world where differences in opinion, perspective, or approach spark conflict, not compromise. Where conviction is more important than exploration.
Instead of having what Stanford professor Paul Saffo calls "strong opinions, weakly held" — starting with a conclusion, then looking for information that could spark a new conclusion — most strong opinions also seem to be strongly held.
That's especially true when you put your money, your career, and your livelihood where your opinions are.
How do you respond when you're in the hottest of seats — when everyone around you not only disagrees, but has a vested interest in disagreeing with your perspective or approach?
Here's a great example from an unlikely (especially unlikely since I recently implied he's a little too confident):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiRLejymIn8
In 2014, Musk was interviewed onstage at the Oslo Oil and Gas Summit, an industry conference for — yep — leaders in oil and gas. Naturally the focus was on improving operations. Automation. Innovation. Boosting efficiencies and reducing waste.
In short, people far from primed to welcome a person actively seeking to make their industry obsolete.
"What kind of threat do you think you are to the oil and gas industry?"
Clearly a softball question, but also a tempting trap. Musk could whack it confidently, even boldly, by comparing oil and gas conglomerates to dinosaurs. The statistics are on his side. Even the most conservative forecasts and projections are on his side.
He could boldly go where entrepreneurs intent on disruption tend to go and describe how he, and Tesla, will change the world.
He pokes a little fun at himself.
"Well…" Musk says, looking up and smiling gently, "I don't think we're much of a threat."
His answer is disarming. Currently, an electric car (and by extension, anything currently solar-powered) isn't a threat. "Powered by renewable" makes up a tiny percentage of the market. Musk knows that.
The audience knows that — and by conceding the point, Musk immediately scores points. He may be a dreamer, but clearly he's also realistic. He recognizes the power (no pun intended) still held by the people in the room. He implicitly recognizes their importance.
Now, and for some years to come.
Not only is it the right response, it's an emotionally intelligent response.
But since he also envisions a different future, he pauses and throws in a "yet" after saying, "I don't think we're much of a threat."
That little addition is perfect, because it sets the stage and foreshadows the rest of the conversation.
He quickly finds common ground.
Musk quickly doubles down on things he and the audience can agree on.
"The more obvious threat," Musk says, "is that we're going to run out of hydrocarbons to mine and burn."
"No time soon," the interviewer interrupts, "judging by the comments we've had this morning."
Instead of spouting his own supply/usage statistics, Musk takes a different approach. "It's getting harder and harder to find hydrocarbons," he says, "and it's getting much more expensive to extract them."
That's true. Shoot, that's why oil and gas executives have attended the conference in the first place: They're seeking answers to those challenges.
Then he shifts the argument. "Really, we're just arguing about the 'when' hydrocarbons run out or become prohibitively expensive," he says. "Not 'if.' I don't think there's anyone here who would say it's an 'if,' not a 'when.'"
Musk knows the audience is smart. Yet he also understands they're emotionally invested in the subject. So he doesn't insult their intelligence. He doesn't attack their profession. By saying 'when,' he accepts that their industry will be extremely important for years to come.
And by saying 'when,' he subtly invites them to be included in the solution.
That's a win-win, because now it's a different conversation, one that implies we (the people in the room) are all in it together.
He stays big picture.
The interviewer takes one more stab at winding Musk up. She compliments him. She calls him a "tech guy." A physicist. An engineer.
"You don't think human ingenuity," she says, "and technology, and refulness, will mean that we will still have abundant fossil fuels available?"
Musk smiles. "There are time extensions on the game," he says, "but the game is going to come to an end. That should be absolutely certain. Obviously."
Obviously? When people disagree, "obviously" tends to immediately close an open mind. Musk just risked losing the audience — and with a tilt of his head and a "frankly" to indicate he may have chosen the wrong word, Musk shows he knows it.
"Look," he says. "I don't have any fundamental dislike of hydrocarbons. I simply look at the future and say, 'What is the thing that will actually work?' Using an non-renewable re obviously will not work. So we must find an alternative."
Here, an "obviously" makes sense. No one can argue that a non-renewable re is smarter approach — to anything — than a renewable re.
Infinite always trumps finite.
Plus, Musk once again kept the focus on the issue, not on people. He didn't say people who thought differently were stupid. He didn't say people in the room needed to start looking for other jobs.
He didn't make the discussion personal; he stuck to basic principles that even the most ardent hydrocarbon advocate could agree with.
Now all he needs is a simple, memorable metaphor.
He finishes strong — and inclusive.
"If there was a button I could press to stop all hydrocarbon usage today, " Musk says, "I would not press it. It would cause civilization to come to a halt. It would be irresponsible to press that button."
Also true. Renewable res may be the future, but oil and gas is the present. Hydrocarbons — and the people who find, extract, and supply them — are the present.
"What does need to happen, if we can," Musk says, "is to accelerate the transition towards renewables." He cites Saudi Arabia (and the President of Aramco, who is in the room) as a country with immense hydrocarbons and an enormous amount of sunlight — sunlight that will be there for billions of years.
"It seems that investing in the solar re," he says, "is the thing that's really going to preserve future."
And with that, Musk describes a future not just for the planet, but for the businesses — and the people — in the room.
Common ground. Basic principles. Inclusion. A little self-deprecation thrown in for good measure. That's how you respond to people who don't agree with you.
Because when you argue and attack, the people with strong opinions tend to hold them even more strongly.
Even the strongest differences in opinion still have more things in common than we think. Finding those commonalities, in a calm, emotionally intelligent way, is where change — on both sides — starts to happen.
Or, at the very least, where people can thoughtfully agree to disagree.
The opinions expressed here by Inc.com columnists are their own, not those of Inc.com.
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Online job boards are a quick and easy way to market yourself when searching for a new job, but to help you get the best results, its important that your resume is optimized for online databases.
Now a days, online recruitment and job boards businesses are actually thriving as well as the place to be if you are searching for a brand new job. This article is designated to teach you exactly how to get by far the most from signing up to employment boards by composing a resume that is optimized for an internet database.
In order to write an excellent CV for online, it is crucial to understand how recruiters use the online databases to search for resumes.
Recruiters are usually pressed for time as they get paid on commission, so in order to make money they have to place candidates. As a result their search is going to be prompt depending on how unique the search terms they have come up with are and the number of Cvs each search term delivers. For example a recruiter searching for a a niche key phrase like "Mainframe Programmer" it may only return a few resume, whereas a recruiter entering "Software Developer" may return tons of Resume.
A professional recruiter will most likely skim the job description and search for a wide variety of keywords dependent upon the sector, job title and alternative job titles, key skills, qualifications etc that are essential towards the job.
It is important that your the Resume contains the primary key phrases a recruiter would search for, as without any them your Resume will not show in search results.
To ensure your resume has the appropriate key phrases for the perfect job you're searching for; you have to place yourself in the recruiter's shoes.
You are going to have to picture what seo words the recruiter would work with to look for someone the same as you for the job you're targeting. Think outside of the box - a brand-new business may not make use of exactly the same job title as the previous job role of yours, therefore you have to make sure you include many versions on your resume to get rid of the chance that you're ignored as the recruiter has joined in an alternate job title. This's very frequent within IT jobs. For instance the last position of yours might have been like a web developer, however the recruiter is seeking a PHP engineer - a job you will be great for but because neither of the keywords appears on the resume of yours, it won't display in the outcomes delivered to the recruiter.


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Border Force officers have caught a group of illegal migrants as they tried to get into the country through Immingham Docks.
A group of around five dishevelled men all wrapped in dark clothing were discovered by officers this afternoon.
They were arrested and kept under guard by officers and dogs. It is believed the group jumped out of a van and tried to make a run for it but were pursued and detained by officials with a dog.
Border Force officials are now investigating how the men, who have been transported either by lorry or on a container ship came, to be at the docks.
Officials will have to determine if they are asylum seekers or may have had another motive for not going through official channels.
They were seen on the dock complex which is operated by ABP and policed by security and the Border Force.
Huge scanners are operated by the Force at Humber Sea Terminal at North Killingholme in an attempt to find any stowaways.
This year Border Force has had success in discovering massive hauls of drugs and counterfeit goods being illegally imported through the docks.
Drugs with an estimated value of £27million was found in September. last moth a further stash of £3million of drugs were found in a container of fruit juice.
Border Force works closely with the National Crime Agency.
A spokesman for The Border force said officers were looking into the incident.
Last month a massive drugs haul worth £3m was discovered in a container of fruit juice at Immingham Docks. The heroin, cocaine and cannabis was seized in a joint operation by the National Crime Agency and Border Force.