We're always happy to answer the questions you have about Courtyard. But every time someone takes the time to ask a question, we know there are a number of other people who had the same question, but didn't bother to ask. This is why we decided to write an online manual for Courtyard.
We hope that this manual will help you to use your online church directory more effectively. It covers everything from signup and data import, to invitations, printing, and the iPhone app. If you can't find the answer to your question in the manual, please ask us, so that we can continue to improve.
Note that while much of the manual is concerned with directory administration, there is a whole section devoted to using the directory as a member. Please feel free to share this information with your members, so that they can get the most out of the online directory as well.


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Storm Michael: Record-breaking storm mauls US south-east
October 11, 2018 October 11, 2018 by admin
The third-strongest storm in recorded history to hit the mainland US has battered north-west Florida, flooding beach towns and snapping trees.
Rescue services are waiting for daylight to assess the full impact of Hurricane Michael, which made landfall on Wednesday afternoon as a category four storm with 155mph (250km/h) winds.
Two people, including a child, were killed by falling debris.
Having weakened to a tropical storm, Michael is on its way to the Carolinas.
Storm-surge warnings are in place between Panama City Beach and Keaton Beach in Florida, and between Ocracoke Inlet and Duck in North Carolina, the US National Hurricane Center says.
There are fears for people who ignored evacuation warnings in some of the areas now flooded.
Hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses were left without electricity in Florida, Alabama and Georgia.
How powerful was Michael when it landed?
Michael made landfall near Mexico Beach, Florida, at around 14:00 (18:00 GMT) on Wednesday.
Only the unnamed Labor Day hurricane, which hit Florida in 1935, and Hurricane Camille, which struck Mississippi in 1969, made landfall with greater intensity.
The Labor Day storm's barometric pressure (the lower the number, the stronger the storm) was 892 millibars and Camille's was 900, while Michael blew in with 919.
Michael was so powerful as it swept into Florida that it remained a hurricane as it moved further inland.
Its rapid intensification caught many by surprise, although the storm later weakened.
Are hurricanes getting worse?
A guide to the world's deadliest storms
Unusually warm waters in the Gulf of Mexico turbo-charged the storm from a tropical depression on Sunday.
Only on Tuesday it was a category two hurricane but by Wednesday morning it had reached borderline category five, the highest level.
Who are the victims?
Florida officials say a man was killed when he was crushed in an incident involving a tree in Gadsden County.
In Seminole County, Georgia, a metal car-shelter lifted by a gust of wind hit a mobile home, killing a girl of 11.
Travis Brooks, director of Seminole County's emergency management agency, told ABC News there was "complete and total devastation".
The entire county was "pitch black" and there were no clear roads, he said.
Michael earlier reportedly killed at least 13 people as it passed through Central America: six in Honduras, four in Nicaragua and three in El Salvador.
How badly was Florida hit?
More than 370,000 people in Florida were ordered to evacuate but officials believe many ignored the warning.
The coastal city of Apalachicola reported a storm surge of nearly 8ft (2.5m).
"There are so many downed power lines and trees that it's almost impossible to get through the city," local mayor Van Johnson was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency.
Images from Mexico Beach show many homes submerged in water, and there was severe damage to buildings in the state's Panama City area.
"We are catching some hell," Timothy Thomas, who rode out the storm with his wife in their home in Panama City, told the Associated Press news agency.
The storm knocked out power to a quarter of a million homes and businesses, as power lines were smashed by falling trees.
Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Brock Long said at the White House that he was especially concerned about buildings constructed before 2001, and not able to withstand such high winds.
"We just hope those structures can hold up," President Donald Trump responded. "And if not, that they're not in those structures."
Hurricanes are violent storms that can bring devastation to coastal areas, threatening lives, homes and businesses.
Hurricanes develop from thunderstorms, fuelled by warm, moist air as they cross sub-tropical waters.
Warm air rises into the storm.
Air swirls in to fill the low pressure in the storm, sucking air in and upwards, reinforcing the low pressure.
The storm rotates due to the spin of the earth and energy from the warm ocean increases wind speeds as it builds.
When winds reach 119km/h (74mph), it is known as a hurricane – in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific – or a typhoon in the Western Pacific.
"Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the face. Well, we're about to get punched in the face."
Florida Mayor Bob Buckhorn, ahead of Hurricane Irma (2017)
The central eye of calmer weather is surrounded by a wall of rainstorms.
This eyewall has the fastest winds below it and violent currents of air rising through it.
A mound of water piles up below the eye which is unleashed as the storm reaches land.
These storm surges can cause more damage from flooding than the winds.
"Urgent warning about the rapid rise of water on the SW FL coast with the passage of #Irma's eye. MOVE AWAY FROM THE WATER!"
Tweet from the National Hurricane Center
The size of hurricanes is mainly measured by the Saffir-Simpson scale – other scales are used in Asia Pacific and Australia.
Winds 119-153km/h
Some minor flooding, little structural damage.
Storm surge +1.2m-1.5m
Roofs and trees could be damaged.
Houses suffer damage, severe flooding
Hurricane Sandy (2012) caused $ 71bn damage in the Caribbean and New York
Some roofs destroyed and major structural damage to houses.
Storm surge +4m-5.5m
Hurricane Ike (2008) hit Caribbean islands and Louisiana and was blamed for at least 195 deaths
Winds 252km/h+
Serious damage to buildings, severe flooding further inland.
Storm surge +5.5m
Hurricane Irma (2017) caused devastation in Caribbean islands, leaving thousands homeless
"For everyone thinking they can ride this storm out, I have news for you: that will be one of the biggest mistakes you can make in your life."
Mayor of New Orleans Ray Nagin ahead of Hurricane Gustav, 2008
Click arrow to proceed
Swipe to progress
Go back to start
States of emergency have been declared in all or parts of Florida, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina.
Schools and state offices in the area are to remain shut this week and Florida has activated 3,500 National Guard troops.
As of early Thursday morning local time, the storm winds had dropped to 60mph, the NHC said.
It warned that communities in north-west Florida and North Carolina faced the threat of life-threatening flooding as rising water moved inland from the coast.
The Carolinas are still recovering from the floods of Hurricane Florence.
Are you in the affected region? What preparations have you made? If it is safe to do so, please get in touch. Email haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk.
Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:
Tweet: @BBC_HaveYourSay
Text an SMS or MMS to 61124 or +44 7624 800 100
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BBC News – World
Posted in World
Tagged mauls, Michael, Recordbreaking, Southeast, storm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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 |    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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text:
Gear Garage Merch
NWRC Merch
Rafting Gear
River Hardware
Rivers of an Unknown Land
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Increase quantity for Rivers of an Unknown Land
Vladimir Gavrilov's guidebook to the spectacular whitewater rivers of Russia and the former Soviet Union. Loaded with color and black and white photos, this book features detailed maps, rapid-by-rapid descriptions, travel advice, and notes on local color and custom.
First and foremost we're a river outfitter so shipping may be slow during the summer months. We promise to get things out as soon as possible!
We're really not set up to handle returns and exchanges. We'll do our best to handle returns and exchanges in a timely manner but if we're busy it may be slow.
© 2023, River Hardware Powered by Shopify


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SDRA Advocate
Legislative Lineup
Political Donations
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ServSafe Training
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COVID-19 NEWS AND MEDIA UPDATES
Click on any of the buttons below for detailed COVID-19 information.
In the News | Statewide
April 7, 2020 | Governor Noem Signs Two Executive Orders to Fight COVID-19
Governor Kristi Noem signed two Executive Orders to fight the spread of COVID-19 in South Dakota on Monday, April 6.
The first executive order (EO 2020-12) updates EO 2020-08's guidelines for South Dakota residents by replacing "should" with "shall." It also extends the timeline to May 31, 2020.
The second executive order (EO 2020-13) applies to Minnehaha and Lincoln counties. Specifically, the EO directs adults over the age of 65 and people of any age who have certain serious underlying medical conditions to stay at home. The EO includes exceptions for those who are in a critical infrastructure jobs, for essential errands, and the like.
"We are at a critical juncture. So we're asking these two groups in Minnehaha and Lincoln counties—those who are most vulnerable—to really take this seriously and stay home for three weeks. That will help us further flatten the curve," Governor Noem said.
To learn more about executive orders to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, please visit COVID.sd.gov.
April 6, 2020 | Labor Department Outlines CARES Act Benefits and Implementation
The Department of Labor and Regulation (DLR) is outlining the benefits of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020, which provides unemployment benefits for the self-employed, independent contractors, nonprofit employees, gig economy workers, those who have exhausted other unemployment insurance benefits, and those who may not have sufficient work history to qualify for a regular state claim. Click here to read the full release.
March 23, 2020 | 2020 South Dakota Week of Work Postponed
"As our state, businesses, and schools address COVID-19, it is in our best interest to pause plans for the South Dakota Week of Work until a time when students and businesses can fully participate," said Noem. "I want to thank the hundreds of businesses across the state who have made thousands of opportunities to learn about the world of work available to our young people."
The inaugural South Dakota Week of Work was set for April 20-24, 2020. Dates have not yet been determined for the postponed event.
March 23, 2020 | Noem Issues Exectuive Order Regauding COVID-19 Guidelines
On Monday, March 23, Governor Kristi Noem signed an executive order outlining guidelines for all South Dakotans, for-profit and not-for-profit employers, enclosed retail businesses that promote public gatherings, local and municipal governments, and healthcare organizations as it relates to COVID-19 in the state of South Dakota. Governor Noem stated, "If you wish to operate [a business in South Dakota], this is what you need to do."
The South Dakota Retailers Association recommends that all businesses comply with the Governor's Executive Order. Click here to view the executive order.
March 20, 2020 | SBA Approves Economic Injury Disaster Loan Fund Program Access for South Dakota
South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem announced on March 20 that small businesses and non-profit organizations in South Dakota that have been negatively impacted by the global COVID-19 virus are now eligible for economic assistance from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). Small businesses can learn more about the program and apply for financial assistance at www.sba.gov/disaster or call the SBA at 1-800-659-2955.
Small businesses with questions about this SBA loan program or other assistance provided at the state-level can call 605-773-4633 to speak directly with a GOED representative. Businesses can also stay informed on news and guidance related to COVID-19 and its impact on South Dakota by visiting the state's dedicated coronavirus website at COVID.sd.gov.
In the News | South Dakota Retailers Association
March 19, 2020 | Businesses Say: Top Priority is Well-Being of Employees, Customers and Communities
SDRA sent a press release on March 19 highlighting the efforts of South Dakota businesses who are prioritizing the well-being of their employees, customers and communities. Click here to read the release.
March 16, 2020 | Retailers Assure Consumers: Supply Chain Intact, Businesses Taking Precautions
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In the News | Nationwide
March 20, 2020 | U.S. Department of Labor New Release
Today, the U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Department of Labor announced that small and midsize employers can begin taking advantage of two new refundable payroll tax credits, designed to immediately and fully reimburse them, dollar-for-dollar, for the cost of providing Coronavirus-related leave to their employees. This relief to employees and small and midsize businesses is provided under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, signed by President Trump on March 18, 2020. Click here to read the release.
March 20,2020 | Rethinking the Coronavirus Shutdown
Today, the Wall Street Journal published an editorial titled, "Rethinking the Coronavirus Shutdown: No society can safeguard public health for long at the cost of its economic health" click here to read the article. This is an important message to convey as you contact your elected officials.
March 15, 2020 | Retailer Leaders Issue Statement on Responsible Shopping during COVID-19 Pandemic
National Retail Federation President and CEO Matthew Shay and Retail Industry Leaders Association President Brian Dodge are advising consumers to shop responsibly during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Click here to read the release.
TRACKER: COVID - 19 City Closures Click the city name to read the full ordinance below.
COVID-19 cases in South Dakota continue to increase and Governor Kristi Noem has said that COVID-19 cases are likely to increase in South Dakota "until at least May." The virus is "not a short-term thing" and that "we will in June, July, August still be watching this trend going through South Dakota." Community spread will likely appear in South Dakota, so businesses should make preparations for the potential of slow traffic or even potential closure.
A number of municipalities are considering action that would close businesses in response to COVID-19. If you know of any cities that have taken action that are not on the list below, please email us at info@sdra.org.
QUICK LINKS: SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES | 2021 ANNUAL REPORT | CONTACT US
Copyright South Dakota Retailers Association. All Rights Reserved.
320 E. Capitol Ave. | Pierre, SD 57501 | Phone: (605) 224-5050


Another title for this post might have been "Using AngularJS with ASP.NET Update Panels" as that was the circumstance I found myself in. However, the method of manually bootstrapping AngularJS framework applies to just about any tight spot you would like to fit in the framework.
The first problem I ran into with this integration was that all my angular markup and content was simply not present on the page on first load. The content itself would show up dynamically after a partial post from the Update Panel. This meant that the default bootstrapping process of Angular will not run as no "ng-app" or HTML is even available to run, and it automatically will not initialize when the update panel adds "ng-app" from the server post. So what to do?
In this example, I declare my application module (as "program"). Then call the bootstrapping angular function and pass in the HTML element that is to represent your ng-app (no need to declare ng-app anywhere in your markup, this takes over for that). In my example, I then pass in my program module, which has reference to all the controllers used in that application. All should work normally from here on out.
This is a simple example, but you can see how to easily extend it from here. Keep in mind if you end up inside a JQuery event to bring the Angular Scope back into context by manually wrapping the "rowClick" event in a scope.$apply.
Lack of code generation control is what has kept me away from Web Forms.
You would only need to bootstrap the AngularJS Framework in the method described above if its going to be reset in relation to an update panel or some other dynamic DOM elements. In my scenario, every time a particular button was hit, it would use an update panel to reload 60% of the page. Every time that reload occured, the page request manager would trigger the bootstrapping routine. If your web forms page is loading up and then fairly static throughout its lifecycle, then likely bootstrapping it manually would not be required.
Another reason you may want to programmatically bootstrap Angular would be if you don't have access to the markup itself that you want to initialize your module onto.
In terms of solving your issue on the typeahead control, looks like some good feedback as already been provided!
You saved me the time of having to figure this out all by myself.
I also have an old ASP.NET application with update panel, that is now hosted in an iframe (and the iframe is inside an Angular page).


text:
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About Farfetch
F-Tech
On becoming a technical communicator
By Joaquim Batista
Joaquim Batista
FollowingFollow
Technical writer in Portugal since 1997, plus manager, trainer, developer, and system administrator, riding a motorcycle with Ralph Lauren.
1 - On becoming a technical communicator2 - Inspire with comics
I had the privilege to teach structured writing at the first edition of the Postgraduate Course on Technical Communication at ISCAP (Portugal), sponsored by APCOMTEC, the Portuguese association for technical communication.
The seven students were working professionals looking to change or improve their careers. I was surprised when these students started to question their ability to break into the field, because they will be better prepared than I was when I started. I found myself advising the students by sharing my experience in Portugal and elaborating on my deeper beliefs.
Why will a company hire you?
The 2008 global financial crisis did wonders for Portuguese companies. I saw traditional companies focused on the internal market being forced to seek customers abroad, often for the first time. I believe that companies delivering projects also started to create products.
Portuguese companies were used to communicating with customers through sales pitches, meetings between experts, and occasional documents. These communication practices started to fail when products grew in complexity to accommodate an increasing diversity of remote customers.
When communication failures become a problem for the business itself, the company wakes up to its growing knowledge problem and, eventually, considers hiring a technical communicator (Baptista 2015).
If you join a multinational company, you can easily become part of a small business unit struggling to grow and survive in the context of the overall business.
Why did companies hire me?
I'm a Portuguese technical writer, currently working at Farfetch. I write help and documentation in American English, after gathering information in Portuguese or English. How did I start my technical writer career?
The first company that hired me (Baptista 2014) had the developers write online help for the software. Since the first customer was in Brazil, the developers wrote in Portuguese. Later, the company asked another employee, a native English speaker working in Marketing, to translate the help. The result, however, was to have unclear Portuguese sentences translated into even more confusing English sentences.
The same company asked a large UK technology company for a plan to write the missing manuals. The large UK technology company quoted one person per year to create two 150-page manuals focused on the two main audiences. What doomed the project, however, was the fact that the software was evolving every few months.
Another company developed custom solutions for each customer using outsourced staff, but was trying to create a core product that could be configured to serve several customers. Instead of project-based deliverables, the company needed extensive documentation to transfer knowledge between teams.
A different company needed to figure out the value of knowledge base articles written by support staff as a response to customer needs. These articles had to be articulated with the official company documentation.
Farfetch developed software to support a platform of fashion retailers. When Farfetch allowed other partners to integrate with its own software, Farfetch felt the need to collect and communicate the knowledge dispersed among hundreds of people in our engineering and operations teams.
What will the company expect from you?
If you are the first technical writer in a company, you will probably walk into a mess. You will discover a backlog of work accumulated over years, together with the expectation that you will magically make that backlog go away. You, or the typically understaffed new group of writers, will probably require a few years to tame the backlog.
Your first task will be to understand the knowledge problem and show the company how you might untangle the underlying mess. You will be condemned to do a poor job if you try to tackle the whole backlog at once, especially if you don't quite understand the reasons for the underlying mess. Instead, pick something small that will make a visible difference and do it well.
This small achievement will show everyone how technical communication can help the company, buying you both allies and time. It will also allow you to learn what it takes to do good work at the company, enabling more realistic plans.
What did I do first?
When I joined the first company, the next minor product release was a few months away. As the sole writer, it was clear that I had no time to learn a complex product and create any manual within that time. Instead, I created extended release notes that explained the new features. It took a few years of creating small manuals focused on parts of the product before we had the first complete documentation.
When I joined another company, I started by documenting a complex configuration file in Confluence pages. Using Confluence meant that the engineers could easily collaborate with me and that the upcoming documentation was immediately available to engineers in projects.
When I joined Farfetch, I started by adding to the infrastructure put in place by developers, continuing the documentation where they had stopped. This gained the respect of developers and made the initial documentation immediately findable by everyone that needed it.
How will you make a difference?
There are few University courses in technical communication. Instead, the profession attracts people from many other areas. The backgrounds of the seven students at ISCAP included translation, marketing, journalism, geographic information systems, and veterinary, and their ages were between 26 and 60 years.
SIGDOC/IPCC'88 in Montréal was my first technical communication conference. In the conference banquet, I found myself seated between a former nurse and a former insurance salesman. The nurse said something that I never forgot: 'Technical writing is just like nursing: all you have to do is care about the user.'
While 'care about the user' seems like an obvious thing to do, assuming such a point of view makes all the difference.
Under typical business scenarios, developers will struggle to solve a problem to the point of being happy to get anything to work at all, while quality assurance will try to ensure that at least the major problems are identified and addressed. Writers are often the first to look at new features from the point of view of their users, and wonder:
Will this feature make sense to the users?
How will users solve their problems with this feature?
Often you will find that the new feature is less than ideal, perhaps because the feature is too hard to use in practice, or because the feature does not quite solve the user needs. You will strive to explain how the user can use the feature, while advocating for the user needs across the company. The reception to your suggestions will range from the sceptical to the enthusiastic, depending on the company and the team. One company has been known to value these suggestions more than the documentation itself.
It is through our unique point of view that we add value to the company, by doing things that others at the company fail to see.
During the ISCAP course, a side remark reminded the class of the importance of one's point of view. As the class was considering what would be needed to organize a conference, a student with marketing practice referred to the conference sessions as 'the entertainment part of the event'. While an attendee will hopefully attend the conference because of the sessions, an event organizer may need to focus on facilities and coffee breaks.
Are you solving the right problem?
Even with the benefit of the right point of view, it is often easier to tackle a larger problem that includes the problem under consideration. In particular, the fixed constraints of the smaller problem that thwart your efforts may become variables in the context of the larger problem.
I heard a story about the two major Portuguese brands of beer at Universidade Católica de Lisboa. Both Sagres and Super Bock saw themselves as beer brewers, fighting for the top spot and for the supremacy of beer over other drinks. Then both companies realized that their market was not selling beer, but quenching thirst. Both companies acquired water and soda brands, thus turning their former archenemies into parts of their own offers. Today, the companies even sell cider and wine.
On the other hand, constraints can be liberating. For example, Hughes Aircraft explored the constraints imposed by typewriters and the separate reproduction of drawings to impose a two-page format that enabled sophisticated negotiation of complex proposals (Tracey et al 1999).
The presentations in technical writing meetups in Lisbon have shown how each company evolves a unique solution to its documentation needs. Each company conducts business in a unique way, influenced by external forces and internal capabilities that shape a unique ecosystem. The balance of forces and capabilities shapes the documentation processes and deliverables of each company.
You will have to figure out what works and does not work in your company and adjust the accepted wisdom as needed. If this seems too much for you as a new writer, remember the advice of Russell Ackoff (1994:107): 'doing the right thing poorly is much better than doing the wrong thing perfectly', because improving upon the wrong thing will only make you more wrong.
Or, as Mark Twain said, 'You're never wrong to do the right thing'.
How did I pick the right problems?
I will offer two examples where a change of perspective changed the documentation.
The first company that I joined sold a product suite that integrated with a variety of customer systems. Each customer would have a specific architecture and configuration of the product. The documentation fought to explain all the possible variations in an understandable way.
I decided to always include the users in all system diagrams. That decision forced a change of perspective in several parts of the documentation, by forcing writers to explain how each part of the system impacted users. Eventually, we crafted families of drawings that helped us explain how the architectural variations of the product impacted users.
At Farfetch, I was hired to document the public APIs. Within a year, while listening to a CEO presentation, I figured out that the real mission was to document the platform, namely how partners can conduct their business through the services offered as Farfetch APIs.
Will you like the work?
As you work to fill the gap between what the user needs and what the company has created, you will often find yourself in a fuzzy middle-ground. In a sense, your work starts where others have chosen to stop. You may find yourself:
Explaining business needs to developers, while simultaneously justifying the current technological limitations to the business.
Explaining how users can use the product while arguing how the product could evolve beyond some limitations.
Your tasks can range from simple and predictable to arbitrarily hard. Phillip Armour (2000) explains the difference in orders of ignorance, that is, how much we ignore about the task.
0th Order Ignorance: We know everything about the task, and we just depend on ourselves to do it. For example, English editing of a known author. Usually we can estimate these tasks accurately.
1st Order Ignorance: We know how to do the task, but we must ask a few details. For example, document a simple software panel. Usually we can estimate the effort accurately, but calendar days may slide if someone takes time to answer our questions.
2nd Order Ignorance: We have a process to follow, which will uncover the details of the work. The real task is discovering what we don't know. For example, document a deceptively simple software panel, where one of the input fields requires explaining a company process and a decision procedure. We often fail our estimates when the task surprises us.
3rd Order Ignorance: We have a problem to solve, but no process to follow. Sometimes, we start with a known process, but we keep being surprised again and again until we conclude that the process is not really working. The key to solve these problems is to understand them better.
How hard can it be? Once upon a time, I was part of a small team of writers that had been working together for ten years. When we started to document a new major release of a product, we made no real progress for two months. Later we realized that the whole company had hit a new wall of complexity. The product required years of work to reach the market.
If you limit yourself to the simpler problems, you may find the work rewarding yet monotonous, but you may still enjoy interacting with others. However, when you learn to do the simple tasks faster, you free up time to tackle the harder problems, and you create the opportunity to grow professionally.
Technical communication can be quite challenging... but then again, nothing quite beats the satisfaction of breaking the back of a hard problem. That moment of inspiration when you look at the problem with a fresh light, and see the new simplicity hiding in the middle of the former complexity. Embrace the challenge, and your work will never be boring.
Ackoff, R (1994) The Democratic Corporation. Oxford University Press.
Armour, P (2000) 'The Five Orders of Ignorance', Communications of the ACM, 43, 10 17-20. DOI: 10.1145/352183.352194 (accessed 14 April 2020).
Baptista, J (2014) '20 Years of Technical Writing at Altitude Software', Proceedings of ACM ISDOC'14, Lisbon, Portugal. Also available at pxquim.com/publications/2014-05-17-altitude (accessed April 2020).
Baptista, J (2015) 'Technical Writing for Portuguese Product Companies', Atas da 15a Conferência da Associação Portuguesa de Sistemas de Informação, Lisbon, Portugal. Also available as pxquim.com/publications/2015-10-02-capsi (accessed April 2020).
Tracey, J and Rugh, D and Starkey, W (1999) 'Sequential Thematic Organization of Publications: How to Achieve Coherence in Proposals and Reports', Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation, 23, 3 4-68. DOI: 10.1145/330595.330597.
This article was originally published in ISTC Communicator, Summer 2020.
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Father, tech manager, geocacher, and helping design solutions with Timberland on his feet.
1 - Living with technical debt
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Avex Trax sau, simplu, Avex (stilizat ca avex trax) este o casă de discuri japoneză a companiei Avex Group. A fost lansată în septembrie 1990. Unii dintre artiștii aflați sub contract sunt: AAA, Namie Amuro, BoA, Do As Infinity, Every Little Thing, Girl Next Door, Ayumi Hamasaki, Mai Oshima și Tokyo Girls' Style.

Note

Legături externe
 Website oficial

Case de discuri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sheikh Hamdan has Classic hopes
Madhmoon
© Photo Healy Racing
It could be a big weekend for owner Hamdan Al Maktoum, who has solid Investec Oaks and Derby chances with Maqsad and Madhmoon respectively.
His famous blue-and-white silks have been carried to victory twice already in the Derby, by Nashwan (1989) and Erhaab (1994) — while Salsabil (1990), Eswarah (2005) and Taghrooda (2014) have combined to give him three wins in the fillies' Classic.
There would barely be a more popular winner than Madhmoon, trained in County Kildare by octogenarian Kevin Prendergast, and he brings strong form to the table, having finished fourth in the 2000 Guineas — and has a victory over the well-fancied Broome to his credit.
"They always used to say 'fourth in the Guineas, first in the Derby'," said Angus Gold, the owner's racing manager.
"Obviously he's going to have to improve, but it was a good run in the Guineas. He was a little outpaced before staying on, and (jockey) Chris Hayes said he went a long way up the hill.
"Chris thinks he'll definitely get further. I'm sure he'll get a mile and a quarter — but whether he gets a mile and a half is something only Saturday will tell us.
"His sire (Dawn Approach) didn't get the trip, but that doesn't mean he won't. This is as good a place as any to discover it."
The William Haggas-trained Maqsad was a maiden through the winter but has won both her starts at Newmarket this season, the most recent by five lengths.
"Maqsad is a big filly who we always thought a fair bit of last year, but for whatever reason it didn't work out," added Gold.
"She's come a long way this season. She won well last time, but I just hope she handles the track because she is quite big.
"It's not guaranteed that she'll stay the trip. She's by a fast horse (Siyouni) — who was by Pivotal, who can get them to stay — but Siyouni is out of a Danehill mare, and Maqsad is bred 3×3 to Danehill, so there is no guarantee.
"However, there is stamina on her female side because the dam is by Galileo. So it's in the lap of the gods a bit, but she's got plenty of class and hopefully that will get her a long way — we'll just have to see whether it gets her the whole way.
"Heading there with a chance in both Classics is why we are in this game."
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Here at Trax Customs, we believe in going to the extreme and achieving that 'wow' factor; but we also believe in doing it the safe and legal way.
We offer a wide variety of lighting options from LED interior accent lighting, HID kits and R8 type headlight LEDs, to the all out brightness of aftermarket retro-fitted projector headlights with the best products on the market to give you the most light output you'll see around, while keep your safe and legal on the road!
What ever you passion is, or whatever your goal is; Trax Customs can help you achieve it!
Whether it's an underbody kit, door accents, handle accents, engine bay lighting or some wild and unheard of, we can do it!
You've always wanted that high-end, European look of bright Halo or Demon rings around your headlight, but didn't want to buy those cheap eBay knock-off; well look no further, Trax Customs can retro-fit any size of Halo into your headlight assembly and help you achieve that custom high-end look you-ve always wanted. We even do custom LED lighting; so you can get that even higher-end R8 or Porsche fog or driving light look. Wow your friends will super bright LEDs in your headlights today!
Trax Customs carries a few different brands of HID lighting kits to fit your every need. From Single beam setup to quad output setups. We've even got you covered in the color department. While 4300k and 5000k are you brightest, most light output available, we understand that the 6000k, 8000k, 10000k or even 12000k lights look cooler because of their blue-ish purple tint. We can even install them for you; once you get a hold of these kits you'll understand why...they're just plain confusing!
You're tired of your stock headlights or even tired of getting pulled over from your aftermarket HID kit you installed. It's time to step it up a notch and put some serious gear in your headlights! Aftermarket Projectors (Single beam or Bi-xenon) are the only way to go in car or truck lighting. Have projectors installed into your stock housings do 2 things: (1) Give you the best possible light output than any other car on the road while keeping you legal and (2) give your headlight that aftermarket look you've been looking for, without buying another set of cheap knock-offs! Projectors are small lighting modules that, once installed correctly into your headlights, will give off a focused beam that amplifies the light to the brightest level possibly. What about on-coming drivers? Well, that's the glory of projectors; they also provide a perfectly straight cutoff line so that all the on-coming drivers see if a small little blue-ish purple flicker in your headlights. Have you even seen an on-coming Porsche/Range Rover/Acura/Infinity or other vehicle that seems like the light will flicker when it goes over a bump; and the light goes from dim to BRIGHT and back to dim? Those are projectors. So that's all fine and dandy; but what happens when I want to put my brights on? Well, if you select the Bi-xenon option, once you trigger your brights, the projector automagically drops the cutoff shield exposing more of your HID lighting bulb. When we say expose more of the bulb, we mean you Turn On the sunlight! With the correct projector, HID bulb and ballast, you can almost make vegetation wake up! So if this is what you've been looking for, look no further!
Whether you've wanted brighter lighting or that custom, sleek look of no chrome in your stock housing; we've got you covered.....again! We can custom install LED lighting in your headlights, blinkers, marker lights, or even make custom taillights that put the latest technology into your current vehicle. These are on a case-by-case basis, but don't hesitate to ask; as we're the only ones doing it in Idaho!


Home > Why is the World Bank providing support to Côte d'Ivoire?
Focus on regional integration, as the country possesses all the assets needed to become the engine of the subregion.
These pillars were not randomly chosen. They were selected following an in-depth and objective assessment (read the Systematic Country Diagnostic ) of the obstacles to the development of a country that had been posting the best growth rates in the subregion during the first two decades of the post-independence period, prior to the start of a protracted, painful decline in the 1980s that continued until the post-election crisis of October 2010.
This has to be unequivocally stated, confident in the belief that good friends must always tell each other the truth. Côte d'Ivoire has undoubtedly convinced its partners of the extraordinary economic health of a country that is just emerging from a protracted, multifaceted crisis: with an annual GDP growth rate of around 10 percent (one of the best in Africa, as the region experiences a slowdown), Côte d'Ivoire has found a second wind.
However—and herein lies the post-Paris challenge—Ivoirien authorities must get back to work very quickly to complete the reforms critical to achieving emerging country status by 2020, and address the most pressing challenge: diversifying growth sources that are currently concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors. No-one can dispute the fact that this double-digit growth must be maintained given its importance in controlling population flows. However, this growth must be inclusive if it is to significantly reduce the poverty rate (46 percent in 2014). While Côte d'Ivoire can pride itself on being the world's leading producer of cocoa, which accounts for close to 40 percent of the country's exports of goods, it must nevertheless make economic diversification a priority. As long as the country remains exposed to internal and external shocks, growth, while impressive, remains fragile. Another but no less daunting challenge is the nagging issue of youth employment and, in particular, access to quality jobs (read our report: The Might of the Elephant - Using its Growth to Create Better Jobs , which also addresses the inherent link between good governance and the business climate).
One thing is sure: Côte d'Ivoire was able to convince public and private investors to support its goal to achieve emerging country status because it possesses all the assets needed to succeed. Other countries have overcome similar challenges. Those that have successfully done so managed to create jobs worthy of the name (adequately remunerative and productive) for their populations, in particular youth and women. Côte d'Ivoire's future must involve not only the structural transformation of the economy—that is, productivity gains in traditional activities, in particular agriculture, which remains the main source of livelihood of the majority of the population—but also the creation of jobs in modern, more productive activities such as the agricultural products processing industry and health and education services.
Côte d'Ivoire is one of the strong links in the ECOWAS zone and we are confident that every CFA franc or U.S. dollar invested in Côte d'Ivoire will have a positive impact on the 23 million Ivoirians and the rest of the region. The future looks bright for Côte d'Ivoire.


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Carr's Hill Partners Welcomes New Vice President, Actively Seeks New Platform Opportunities
NEW ORLEANS, December 1, 2021 - Carr's Hill Capital Partners Management, LP ("Carr's Hill Partners" or "CHP"), a private equity firm focused on the industrial technology & services sectors, today announced the addition of Tyler Houin to the investment team.
Tyler recently joined as a Vice President, focused on deal sourcing, investment evaluation, leading transaction due diligence, and supporting the growth of CHP's growing investment portfolio. Prior to joining CHP, Tyler was a Vice President at Ridgemont Equity Partners, a Charlotte-based private equity firm with approximately $4 billion in assets under management. While at Ridgemont, Tyler was active in deal sourcing, evaluation, and portfolio management. Prior to Ridgemont, Tyler worked at Credit Suisse Securities in Houston, TX. Tyler graduated with a B.S. in Finance from Louisiana State University's E.J. Ourso College of Business where he received The University Medal for outstanding academic performance.
"Having known Tyler for a long time, we are excited to add his experience to our team," said H. David de Laureal, Managing Partner of Carr's Hill Partners. "As our investment activity ramps up, Tyler brings a critically strong background in deal evaluation and portfolio company management."
CHP is actively seeking to acquire new industrial technology & services platform opportunities between $3M to $15M of EBITDA. Potential characteristics include the following:
• Specialty products or services with strong technical features, providing opportunities for technology & innovation to drive growth.
• Sub-sectors include inspection & testing, process & flow control, and industrial automation.
• Mission-critical solutions and services that need to be carried out at regular intervals.
• Sub-sectors include facility services, transportation & logistics, infrastructure services, and environmental services.
contact@carrshillpartners.com
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© 2022 Carr's Hill Capital Partners Management, L.P.


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Actor, Director, Movies, Trailers
Steven Spielberg's The BFG Releases First Teaser
By The Credits
"Never get out of bed. Never go to the window. Never look behind the curtain." But, of course, this is exactly what Sophie (Ruby Barnhill) does, earning her first sight of the BFG (the Big Friendly Giant, played by the great Mark Rylance, who nearly stole Bridge of Spies, Steven Spielberg's last film, right out from under Tom Hanks). This first teaser of Spielberg's adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's classic looks very promising.
Barnhill is a newcomer, and she looks just about perfect for the role of an plucky little girl who becomes fast friends with the BFG. What she'll soon realize, however, is that the BFG is an outlier in the giant community, and the other giants she'll encounter, from Fleshlumpeater (Jemaine Clement) to Bloodbottler (Bill Hader) won't be nearly so friendly. It's up to Sophie and BFG to warn the Queen of what's coming around the bend—namely, a bunch of BUFG's (Big Un-Friendly Giants). Check out the teaser below.
TAGSThe Big Friendly Giant
The Credits is an online magazine that tells the story behind the story to celebrate our large and diverse creative community. Focusing on profiles of below-the-line filmmakers, The Credits celebrates the often uncelebrated individuals who are indispensable to the films and TV shows we love.
Patty Jenkins & Gal Gadot Re-Teaming For Paramount's "Cleopatra" Biopic
Andra Day Shines in The Official Trailer for "The United States vs. Billie Holiday"


Considered one of the biggest expanding wellbeing firms is always that of family members thomasville chiropractors . Chiropractic procedure promotions with manipulating the skeleton-muscular method to be able to ideal align the body and relieve ache. They deal with really sensitive spots which were harmed on account of trauma, all-natural put on, or degenerative conditions.
For this reason, chiropractors have to deal with parts of a patients' overall body which can be sensitive to discomfort. Using a loved ones chiropractor there is an emphasis on being gentle, since they often function on small children. Should you deliver your child for that initial time, check his or her reactions thoroughly to guarantee the chiropractor is mild enough. The goal is always to merely extend the back and consider pressure off the muscles and bones.
The back is a quite delicate area that can be quickly harmed. Numerous men and women have tension there and, after a even though, the strain can have a huge outcome. It can be inside the most central part of your respective system, so if your harm your again, it is going to hurt to complete nearly almost everything.
It can be a mixture of massage, bodily treatment, and bone alignment. Chiropractors are often advisable by physicians as being a standard resource of treatment method and reduction from ache. While backs are their specialty, they services all locations with the physique which have soreness. Generally the hips, shoulders, along with the neck are also routinely dealt with because there is these types of a detailed partnership amongst them as well as the back again.
One rationale why lots of individuals desire chiropractors to varieties of medical help for system ache is due to the fact it is very non-invasive. When other medical professionals may converse of surgical procedures, again braces, or medication, chiropractors attempt to discover a lot less severe methods to fix the challenge. It is extremely much like physical remedy in hoping to bolster and coach the weak parts of one's body to allow them to take care of pressure considerably more easily.
Essentially the most prevalent cure is the spinal adjustment. This requires a exact understanding of simply how much power the backbone usually takes. By concentrating on a few factors, the chiropractor will push your spine marginally previous its typical choice of adaptability, but not much plenty of to trigger injury. You could possibly listen to popping and experience immense relief as stress is allow out. It truly is performed with the purpose of offering your spine higher overall flexibility and allowing for you to normally minimize rigidity and align your again by natural means.


Millions of Miles: You've gotta check this out!
After church on Sunday, our very own family photographer, Elizabeth Lauer of Lizzie Loo Photography (see her work in our header!) said she wanted to figure out a way to help our raffle causes. I love it when people get creative because some really cool things happen!
I'm going to treat you all to a sampling of some Lizzie Lou photos just to entice you to get the bidding going! Don't you want some gorgeous professional photos of your family? Of course you do! So why not bid now while all the money is going to charity?! Duh- it's a no brainer!


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Tower Hamlets Speaker's mind-boggling taxi claims
Posted in Uncategorized on January 27, 2012| 16 Comments »
The commenter "Konnu" on my last post about the Clowns of Tower Hamlets has pointed us all in the direction of Ross Lydall's blog on the Evening Standard website. It was Ross who broke the story about Speaker Mizan Chaudhury's taxi bills. On his blog, he provides the detail of the claims Mizan has made since last September when he felt forced by Mercedes Mayor Lutfur Rahman to take taxis to official events.
The amounts are quite mind-boggling and as another commenter, "You couldn't make it up!", also noted on the last post, they raise serious questions about who signed them off and why.
Clearly, these could not have been ordinary black cabs the Speaker was taking to events such as the "Sultanate of Oman's National Day reception in west London" on November 18 (cost £128.10), or to a "Citizenship ceremony in Hampton Court" on October 25 (cost £258.80); or to a "Reception for the Ethiopian Ambassador in Redbridge" on October 31 (cost £146.69); or even to the "Speaker of Hackney's Charity Event in Mare Street" five miles away from the Tower Hamlets Town Hall on September 28 (cost £145.80).
And not even to the "Mayor of Brent's Charity Tour of Wembley Stadium" on September 22 at a cost of £205…
Surely not? So what kind of cars cost that? Why was the meter left running?
Some of these events suggest there is some kind of cross-borough ceremonial mayoral racket going on with taxpayers picking up the tab.
Perhaps we should all fork out for a new vehicle for Mizan that would safely allow him to carry his chains. Here's an idea:
They're outside Thames Magistrates' Court every day…
In the meantime, download the full details of the claims here:
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Delphi is certainly one of the most popular Day trip from Athens. Visit Delphi, the navel of the earth, with a unique Private Full-Day Trip. We will pick you up from the hotel or your cruise ship and head north out of Athens. Enjoy a tour that you will savior for years. Learn about the history of Delphi that stretches back in time to at least 1500 BC. Delphi was thought to be the center of the earth by Zeus but was mostly known because of its oracle. The eternal flame burned in the Temple of Apollo during the Pythian Games, a forerunner of the modern Olympics.
During your Private Day trip from Athens to Delphi, see the physical structures associated with this incredibly long history. Moreover, learn about their rich mythology with the help of your private guide.
The archaeological site of Delphi
The archaeological site of Delphi is one of the most important ones in Greece, second only to the Acropolis of Athens. The magnitude of the Delphi contributions to the entire ancient civilization cannot be overstated.
Many political decisions were taken after consultation of the Oracle, and no colony was founded around the Mediterranean without the consent of the sanctuary at Delphi. In proportion with its immense influence, the settlement at Delphi grew from a small village to an imposing depository of fine Architecture and Art.
At the Delphi, sanctuary excavations have unearthed settlements that date as far back as the Neolithic era. However, evidence of the site's importance dates back to the Mycenaean period (1600-1100 B.C). Most of the ruins that survive today are witness to the site's pinnacle which was reached in the 6th c. B.C., and is a testament to the diverse cultural influences that hovered over the sanctuary for nearly a millennium.
Day Trip From Athens, The Legend of Delphi
Legend has it that Zeus released two eagles, one from the east and one from the west, and where they met – at Delphi – was the Navel of the Earth. Indeed, the religious site that subsequently developed here, from the 6th century BC to Roman times, was considered the most important of the ancient world, attracting everyone from leaders to commoners to consult its famous Oracle on matters of war and state to absolution from their sins. Two-and-a-half millennia later, it is astonishing to think that Delphi is still attracting an international audience!
Your first impression will be that Zeus' eagles clearly had a great eye for a location. On the slopes of Mt Parnassos and with sweeping views across the Pleistos Valley all the way to the sea, the setting was clearly part of the effect. Just the view would have been intoxicating – before the prophecies of Apollo (the god to whom the sanctuary was dedicated) was relayed through the famously vague but none-the-less inspiring utterings of the soothsayer Pythia.
But you'll learn that there's much more to Delphi than its Oracle. As the sanctuary grew in stature, so it accumulated wealth. Victorious Athenian, Spartan, Macedonian and other leaders would return with offerings of statues and monuments, which were all housed on the site. And so too were artistic and sporting events held here, including the four-yearly Panhellenic and Pythian Games (second only to the Olympic Games).
Delphi Trip From Athens
Athenian Treasury, Delphi Day Trip From Athens
The ruins of the Temple of Delphi from the 4th century BC are of a peripteral Doric building
The ancient theatre at Delphi was built up the hill with a view of the sanctuary and the valley
The Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena Pronoia is a circular building that was constructed between 380 and 360 BC.
The Delphi Archaeological Museum houses an impressive collection associated with ancient Delphi. Above all the earliest known notation of a melody and the famous Charioteer. You will also see golden treasures discovered beneath the Sacred Way.
Delphi from Athens, A Day Trip to The Navel of the World
The historical navel of the world, domestic to the mythical Oracle of Apollo, the stage of one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, the Pythian Games… Delphi is the maximum sacred site of Ancient Greece and absolutely everyone that visits Greece have to encompass it on their to-do list. Characterized via UNESCO as a "precise artistic achievement" and "magical", Delphi and the surrounding location have much stuff to offer.
The Castalian Spring
The sacred spring of Delphi is where travelers bathed after the long journey to the sanctuary. If you were here to compete in an athletic event, you might just wash your hair whereas murderers seeking absolution would bathe their entire bodies.
The Temple of Apollo
The Temple of Apollo become constructed at the south-western slope of Mount Parnassus, overlooking the valley of Phocis. Delphi is a place that people visited throughout the centuries from everywhere in the world. Back then, to acquire guidance from Apollo for a burning question, at the same time as today, to witness the testimony to the civilization of Ancient Greece that Delphi bears. The Delphi Oracle was the most well-known Oracle in the historic world. It turned into normally believed that the location in which the Oracle of Apollo became constructed became the 'Omphalos', the navel of the world. According to Greek mythology, Zeus released eagles, one from the east and one from the west, and Delphi was the location they met. People believed that Pythia became the medium thru which god Apollo communicated, giving oracles to humans.
Archaeological Site of Delphi
Following the historical route, the "Sacred Way" you will pass through the votive services of powerful city-states like Athens, Sparta and Thebes. After the votive services, you will see the small, elegant buildings, the Treasuries. These were housing the dedications made from Greek city-states to Delphi and Apollo. The Siphnian Treasury stands out as the oldest spiritual shape in mainland Greece made entirely of marble.
The Athenian Treasury
Next comes the Athenian Treasury, which turned into constructed after their victory at the Battle of Marathon. The best preserved of the treasuries containing the monuments and gifts of victorious city-states, this is one of the most impressive buildings on the site. Other treasuries existed (Argos, Siphnian, Boeotian…), but it is the partially reconstructed Athenian Treasury that allows us to understand their function in displaying the gifts.
Shortly after, you will arrive at the Doric Temple of Apollo, which dominates inside the center of the sanctuary. In the adyton of the temple, Pythia, seated on the divine tripod, carried the words of the god. Just above the Temple, supplying an exquisite panoramic view of the particular landscape, there may be the Theater of Delphi. The musical and dramatic Pythian Games took place here. Leaving the theater, the route leads to the Delphi Stadium, the venue for the Pythian wearing events.
The Archaeological Museum of Delphi
On the wayside of the site lies the wonderful Archaeological Museum, one of the most important museums in Greece. This is the top of your activities in Delphi. The artifacts of the Delphi Museum gift the history of the famed Delphi sanctuary.
Its rich collection includes mainly sculptures, statues, and miniature works, dedications to the sanctuary. This reflects its spiritual, political, and creative activity for the duration of its ancient course, from its founding until its decline within the past due to antiquity. Among its treasures, it hosts the significant marble statue of the Sphinx of Naxos and the well-known Charioteer of Delphi, one of the finest examples of historical bronze sculptures!
The Stadium at Delphi
Moving along the Sacred Way above the theatre, you reach the stadium that, after several renovations, could seat around 6,500 spectators. The Panhellenic and later the Pythian Games were held here every four years, as well as music festivals. This is a magnificent stadium that will make you understand the importance of these games.
After the visit to the archaeological site, you'll have time for lunch before. After lunch, we will take you back to your hotel or cruise ship concluding your Delphi Day Trip From Athens.
Hotel pick-up and private transfer to Delphi
An exceptional driver/guide
Tickets for the archaeological sites
Licensed Guide available with an additional charge
Cancellation at least 48 hours prior to the scheduled Programme 100% refund.
Between 48 and 24 hours prior to booking date: 50% refund
Guided tour of the Temple of Apollo and the world famous Oracle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
See the Athenian Treasure
Explore Delphi Museum and see the Charioteer of Delphi
Hotel pick-up and drop-off included
Departure City Center Hotel
.Hotel pick-up and private transfer to Delphi
.An exceptional driver/guide
.Tickets for the archaeological sites
.Licensed Guide available with additional charge
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The legacy of Kenneth Waltz.
Earlier this week, Kenneth Waltz, one of the world's most influential scholars of international relations, died at the age of 88. His books Man, the State, and War and Theory of International Politics are classics in the field, and his influence on students, colleagues, and policymakers was profound. Waltz was a theorist who also delved into the most contentious debates in U.S. foreign policy, opposing the wars in Vietnam and Iraq and earning himself a reputation as a realist far outside the confines of the ivory tower. As Stephen Walt noted here last week, "Ken showed that you could be a theorist and a social scientist without joining the 'cult of irrelevance' that afflicts so much of academia." To take a closer look at Professor Waltz's career, FP has assembled this collection of short essays on his contributions to political science and beyond.
Forty-six years ago, I was a first-year grad student at Brandeis University when I went to see Ken Waltz to find out what I needed to know to be his teaching assistant for an undergraduate course in international relations. "It'll be easy," I remember him saying, "because you'll be taking my graduate seminar in IR theory at the same time."
It wasn't easy. His lectures to undergrads covered political theorists who addressed the international system of nation-states and how it explained the conditions of war and peace in a whole range of historical periods — from the Greek and Italian city-states, through Bismarck's Europe, to the Cold War world of the 1960s. The graduate seminar was different: Not fewer than five books were required reading for each anxiety-filled class, and there was an optional reading list that actually induced depression. Waltz lectured the undergrads and led the graduate seminar. He did both brilliantly — better than I had ever seen. He had great praise for those writers and thinkers he thought intelligent, and withering criticism for those he judged soft-headed or lacking the analytical capacity essential to theory.
Ken was my thesis advisor until he left Brandeis for Berkeley. His own thesis had arguably become the most important book ever written on international relations theory: Man, the State, and War. His parting words to me as he sent me off to write mine were, "Bob, please don't try to write MSW, just write something serious." It was extraordinarily good advice. He was also sympathetic to my desire not to serve in Vietnam, to a point. I recall him noting that since he had been unlucky enough to have caught the end of World War II and the beginning of the Korean War, I might understand if his sympathy for my vulnerability to the draft was limited.
Ken's scholarship went against conventional wisdom. He argued that the U.S.-Soviet competition that defined the bipolar structure of the postwar world was not to be deplored for its zero-sum character, but embraced for its stability. He argued that democracy does not handicap governments in the competition among nations as most observers did but actually improves a country's foreign policy. Most controversially, he argued that, when it comes to the number of states that have nuclear weapons, "more may be better."
Kenneth Waltz's writing has influenced the way generations of students think about international affairs. That will continue for as long as nations live in "a state of nature." But now, those of us fortunate enough to have been his students and enjoyed his mentorship have lost a most valued friend and colleague.
Robert Gallucci is president of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
Ken saw world politics as an anarchic "self-help system" because no enforcement authority exists above the level of nation-states. But he also believed that sensible leaders can nevertheless preserve peace if they give up ambitions to control the world and instead craft balances of power that make the costs of war clearly exceed the gains. This simple idea was in the grand realist tradition, but Waltz developed it with much greater analytic precision and clarity. And as a theorist he took it to logical conclusions that were not always persuasive in the frequently illogical world of policy. This was evident in his argument that nuclear proliferation is benign because the prospect of mutual annihilation makes the risk of war unthinkable to rivals in unstable regions, as it did for the superpowers in the Cold War.
cies based on ideology, culture, or leaders' idiosyncrasies that do not take sober account of their adversaries' power, but when they do, in Waltz's words, they "fall by the wayside." Wars happen because there is no higher authority to prevent foolish risks.
On a few points Ken had a bit too much confidence in the conclusions to be drawn from theoretical logic, as in his certainty about the future stability of mutual nuclear deterrence. When the immediate prospect of apocalypse is not at issue, however, he fully realized that policymakers all too often fail to recognize the logic of restraint. He once told me he bought stocks in the defense industry as the Cold War reheated in the late 1970s not because sharply increased military spending would be the right choice for American policy, but because he knew it would happen. Ken Waltz, ever the realist.
Richard K. Betts is the director of the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University.
Kenneth Waltz was one of world's preeminent theorists of international relations. He was also a hugely influential nuclear strategist, especially concerning the consequences of the spread of nuclear weapons. The first observation is widely recognized; the second observation is not. Waltz, like other realists such as Hobbes and Machiavelli, was reluctantly respected for his insights about how the anarchic nature of international politics creates self-help imperatives and pressures all states to be "nasty and brutish" so that their lives will not be "short." But American security specialists have often viewed Waltz's views about the positive, "stabilizing" effects of nuclear proliferation to be radically outside the mainstream and thus not influential.
But this is a narrow, inside-the-Beltway perspective, for Waltz's writings on nuclear proliferation were widely read around the globe and provided an alternative perspective that helps explain why U.S. fears about nuclear proliferation are not always shared by other governments. His seminal work on this subject — a 1981 Adelphi Paper provocatively entitled "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May be Better" — presented a simple but controversial argument: Nuclear weapons are so destructive that the threat of retaliation with even a small arsenal will easily deter any state that faces a nuclear adversary. If this is true, then new countries that get nuclear weapons will behave like the superpowers during the Cold War, issuing threats and huffing and puffing in crises but avoiding war.
This view was not popular in Washington, but it was popular elsewhere. I speak from experience, for I have been a long-standing critic of Waltz's perspective on nuclear proliferation. He and I published three editions of a popular "debate book" about the spread of nuclear weapons, and we engaged in spirited public debates about the subject in venues ranging from bookstores in Berkeley to lecture halls at Columbia, from State Department seminars in Washington to War College courses in New Delhi. And while my "proliferation pessimist" position — based on theories about common organizational failures and pathologies in civil-military relations — usually "won over" audiences inside the District of Columbia, when we traveled overseas together, he usually had the audience in the palm of his hand. They commonly cheered when he accused American officials of being ethnocentric or even racist for believing that the United States can safely enjoy the benefits of nuclear deterrence, but that other countries cannot.
Government officials and military strategists in states that are developing nuclear weapons or thinking about doing so often have echoed Waltz's claim that "nuclear weapons make wars hard to start." And if a scholar's influence can also be measured by the importance of the critics he or she attracts, it should be noted that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly disagreed with Waltz's 2012 Foreign Affairs article, "Why Iran Should Get the Bomb," on Meet the Press.
Waltz made friends and foes alike think more clearly and argue with more rigor. That is no small legacy. He will be missed.
Scott D. Sagan is the Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of political science and senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. His most recent book, co-authored with Kenneth N. Waltz, is The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate (2012).
It is difficult to imagine the academic study of international relations today in the absence of the work of Ken Waltz. There can be little doubt, even on the part of his critics, that he has been the single most significant figure in our field in the postwar era.
Waltz wrote few books over a long career. He liked to say that "we don't need more books, we need better ones," and he practiced what he preached. Man, the State, and War (1959) and Theory of International Politics (1979) are both classics, with time-transcending significance and influence. The levels-of-analysis approach to the causes of war in the earlier book was a decisive contribution to grappling with the discipline's traditional core problematic, while the "parsimonious" theory in the later book had a profound impact throughout the discipline.
Nobody has influenced the field as deeply or in as many directions as Ken Waltz. Disciples and critics alike are his offspring, whether their work has been to refine and develop his ideas (new schools of realism and liberalism) or to try to think outside the Waltzian world (some constructivism and critical theory). By persuasion and provocation, he lifted the discipline to a new level.
Waltz was a stubborn defender of his theory, of course, but he did not over-claim. He was not a structural determinist, nor did he think his theory necessarily timeless. In particular, he emphasized that his was a "systemic theory" of international politics, not a "reductionist theory" of foreign policy. In other words, Waltz's theory of the international system did not tell us how the individual units in their foreign and defense policies would behave — though he had his own clear ideas about the sorts of behavior the system would reward or punish. His views about the positive utility of the controlled spread of nuclear weapons, for example, were particularly controversial.
The debates generated by Waltz's work have made the IR discipline what it is today. His work, like that of other "realists" once thought past their sell-by dates, has been and is being re-thought. We still have much to learn from him, and in that regard Ken Waltz's influence will live on not simply through his writings but through his impact on individual lives — as a remarkable teacher, a human being who attracted loyalty, a generous friend, an intellectual giant, and a professional role model for all who knew him. He was and will remain our indispensable theorist.
ational Studies Association, and E.H. Carr Professor in the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth University.
Before I enrolled in the Ph.D. program in political science at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987, I had never learned anything about international relations theory. I took Kenneth Waltz's Poli Sci 223 in my very first semester not because I had already heard of him but because my advisor told me that taking his course was essential. In this way, Ken became the first professor to teach me IR theory.
Due to my poor English and lack of prior knowledge, I failed his midterm exam. Ken called me to his office and told me that he understood my situation and would not count the midterm grade if I got a better grade on the final. He then spent a half-hour tutoring me on the concept of power and the idea of "system structure." Among other things, he told me that he disliked the label "neorealism" because he felt that the term told you nothing about the theory itself. Instead, he preferred "structural realism" because it described the substance of his theory.
Not only did this talk clarify my understanding of his theory, it also turned me into a student of structural theory. Since then, my own work has sought to explain how different configurations of power drive major international changes, a topic I explore at length in a forthcoming book.
Ken's definition of theory also had a strong effect on me. He taught his students that a theory is an explanation of a law. This notion is especially important for Chinese students, who tend to use the term "theory" to refer to all kinds of political concepts. Ken's strict definition of theory helps us to distinguish between theory and political principles, policy decisions, leaders' ideas, religious beliefs, ideology, norms, etc. Ken's students do not necessarily share the same view of international politics, but their works aspire to a similar level of logic and rigor.
Waltz's work has had an enormous impact in China, where structural approaches to international politics are an increasingly important school of thought. For this reason, the Chinese Community of Political Science and International Studies has decided to hold a special panel commemorating his academic contributions at its annual conference on July 6 and 7. I am sure that it will be crowded with Ken's disciples and that his work will continue to inspire Chinese scholars.
Yan Xuetong is dean of Tsinghua University's Institute of Modern International Relations.
Kenneth Waltz made critical contributions to the development of international relations theory, the debate on U.S. foreign and security policy, and the training of a new generation of international relations scholars. In the course of these contributions he has also served as a model of clarity of expression and logical argument.
Waltz's first critical contribution to international relations theory was his elucidation of the "levels of analysis" problem in Man, the State, and War. The categorization of explanatory theories into ones that respectively stress the role of human nature; state-level political, economic, and social systems; or the anarchical condition of international politics has proven a critical building block of modern international relations theory.
Through his exploration of theories at different levels of analysis, Waltz took the first giant step of his theoretical career. Even readers who do not wish to take the same step find the path illuminating. Waltz poses two major questions: If bad humans are the cause of war, why is there so much peace? If bad states (or societies, or economies) are the cause of war, why are so many good states implicated in wars? Why does war persist despite variation in the nature of the states and societies that make up the international system? Waltz suspected that classical realism and balance of power theory would tell us something about this — but at that point he could not quite put his finger on it.
The device of "levels of analysis" has become a ready element of our vocabulary about international relations theories. It travels well. Even novices quickly grasp its utility, and find themselves better able to organize both their own and others' arguments after a brief introduction. More importantly, Man, the State, and War makes the case that there must be something distinctly "international" about international politics, which Waltz suspected could be traced to the absence of a sovereign. The book maps out a space that subsequent theorists, including Waltz, would then need to fill. After we read the book, we know this. Some may disagree with Waltz's subsequent arguments about the share of international politics that can be explained by "third image" — or system-level — theories, but none can dismiss them.
Waltz's second contribution to international relations theory is to be found in Theory of International Politics. There, Waltz distills the product of years of thinking about the "third image." He develops the distinctive concept of "international structure" as the distinguishing feature of the international political system. Structure is the minimalist device that captures the basic causal forces and variables of the international political system. Structure is made up of an organizing principle (anarchy) and the distribution of capabilities (polarity). From that, Waltz deduces many of the characteristic patterns of behavior one should find in the relations among autonomous actors. Though Waltz overlooked certain possibilities, such as unipolarity, and left much room for argument about some of his specific deductions, one cannot come away from Theory without a keen appreciation of the constraints and incentives imposed upon states by the condition of anarchy. These lead to the competitive behaviors that are so familiar.
Kenneth Waltz was one of the most influential international relations scholars of the last half-century. Even if he had produced no students, his books would stand as rocks in the road. Nobody trying to understand international politics can avoid them. But Kenneth Waltz did produce many students, who built on his work in their own scholarship, further refining the realist model. Even international relations theories based on other premises must engage with structural realism. Kenneth Waltz found what was international about international politics and built the foundations of the field.
Barry R. Posen is Ford International Professor of political science at MIT and director of the MIT Security Studies Program.


It's because getting outside is good for us. And even though sometimes I love nothing better than being cozy inside with my coffee and a great read, other times I need to get out there. To let nature kiss any anxious or tired cobwebs away. Getting my dose of fresh air in clears my mind, keeps me calm, and gives me a more optimistic view of the world that day. It even helps me to sleep better at night.
And of course, getting a good night's sleep is one of the very best – and cheapest! – ways in which we can improve our health. Sites like the Sleep Advisor say so. Physically, it strengthens our immune, digestive, and circulatory systems while giving us more energy for whatever challenges life throws our way. Sleep also boosts our mental health – in fact, research shows that some kind of sleep deprivation is present in almost all anxiety-related disorders.
So it serves us well to sleep well; when we do, we improve our moods, our relationships, our careers, and our lives. But where does Mother Nature come in, I hear you ask? Good question. Well, the lady of the leaves can help all of us get a better night's sleep.
Our circadian rhythms form an internal body clock, which works in sleep/wake cycles throughout the night and day. They're why we find ourselves getting sleepy in the evening, or sometimes after lunchtime when we crave a nap. If your circadian rhythms are working properly – by getting enough, good-quality sleep – you won't really notice any dips and rises between sleepiness and alertness. In fact, usually the biggest dip occurs between 2am and 4am, when you should be sound asleep anyway!
The great thing about nature is, it works perfectly in time with this body clock. When the sun sets and darkness falls, we begin to get drowsy and should go to sleep soon after. Similarly, when the sun rises again, so should we. If you've ever been camping or trekking for a few days and noticed that you a) go to sleep a lot earlier and b) wake up a lot earlier too, you'll know what this is like. And you probably felt much more alert that day, right? That's because you teamed up with nature to follow your natural circadian rhythms. Good job.
Going for a refreshing swim, for an early-morning run, or a sunrise beach yoga class are all amazing ways to start your day. They help you to shake off any fuzziness or grogginess from the night before (especially if wine has been involved) and to face the coming hours in a more positive way. Early-morning exercise gets the body stretching and moving, the blood and heart pumping, and the energy flowing. And if it happens to take place outdoors, well, even better! Because whether it's the cold slap of a winter morning or the gentle caress of the sun on your face, there's nothing quite like waking up to the glory of the outside world. It motivates you to get moving, making you excited about your day instead of wanting to crawl back under the sheets. And getting daily exercise isn't just good for your body and mind… it'll help you to sleep better, too. Win-win!
Of course, it doesn't just have to be in the morning time. Any time you're outside and enjoying your surroundings can be an opportunity to get some exercise in. Whether it's a walk in the park at lunchtime or 5-a-side after work, get moving in the great outdoors… and sleep soundly that night as a result.
At least, it should. Because one of the things I love most about nature is that it connects us with the real world, with the present moment rather than the screens and stresses to which our society is constantly tied. Without signal or phone reception, we find ourselves listening instead to the birdsong above our heads, watching the leaves dance in the wind instead of a YouTube trailer for the next blockbuster movie. For me, it's a much happier and healthier way to be.
And because of this removal from our screens, we can enjoy a better sleep, too. This is because our devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets emit what's called blue light. It blocks the production of melatonin (which we normally rely on to relax) while stimulating a mind that should be settling down. The result? Anxious and stressed-out hours of tossing and turning instead of sweet, deep sleep. So next time you find yourself in nature, be well and truly there. Not Instagramming the moment; actually experiencing it fully. Not only will you enjoy the moment more, you'll sleep better because of it.
If you're having trouble sleeping, take my advice – go outside.
Embrace all the glory that Mother Nature has to offer and have sweeter dreams as a result. Good night!
Green Diva Sarah Cummings - Hey, sleepy heads! I'm Sarah. When I'm not writing about sleep, I'm getting plenty of it. In my waking hours I can be found hiking, practising yoga and trying to teach my dog new tricks. (Which doesn't usually work. She's pretty old).


The B-3 Continuity Project has partnered with Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach to present a series of trainings on Developmentally Appropriate Practices. Materials and information about upcoming and previous trainings are below.
Pat Chamberlain earned her master's in bilingual education from Northern Illinois University and works within the early learning system on issues related to optimizing the educational opportunities for culturally and linguistically diverse children, most recently as the director of the Award for Excellence Project for Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Practice for the Illinois Governor's Office of Early Childhood.
Julie Kallenbach earned her doctorate in curriculum and instruction from Northern Illinois University and works for the Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) as a kindergarten individual development survey (KIDS) trainer and coach, along with her independent consulting on a variety of early learning projects.
Watch our newsletter for other opportunities in the Spring of 2019.
On November 28, 2018, Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach presented a day long training on Developmentally Appropriate Practices. Teams of PrK and Kindergarten represented teams attended together to talk about alignment of practices and collaboration between the two.
On April 13, 2018, Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach showed in a webinar that a developmentally appropriate classroom using a play-based learning model is purposefully and in tentionally planned by teachers to address standards.
How does playful learning impact positive intellectual and academic outcomes for children?
How are Developmentally Appropriate Practices evident in the Danielson Framework?
On March 21, 2018, Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach presented a day long training on Developmentally Appropriate Practices. This training was recorded and a discussion guide was developed to allow for all or parts of the training to be replicated during professional training time.
The Discussion Guide outlines the video recording with options for local facilitation of discussions or the ability to see how others during the training work through the activities. Handouts from the session are provided below and the NAEYC book Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs is utilized for the training. It is suggested that you review the Discussion Guide before planning your professional development time and determine the right fit for working with your group.
Reinforce proven practices that incorporate learning in play.
Planning for the adult's role in child-directed play to promote students' social and emotional growth.
Practice planning standards-based units that incorporate play.
On March 7, 2018 and November 9, 2018 Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach presented a day long training on Developmentally Appropriate Practices.
On January 29, 2018, Pat Chamberlain and Julie Kallenbach presented a webinar about the foundational components of high-quality birth-through-kindergarten programming that build upon the assets of dual language learners and their families.
Who are your dual language learners?
Is your environment culturally responsive?
What strategies support student growth?
How can you get to know your families?
Julie Kallenbach presented an introduction to DAP and how it can improve student outcomes December 7, 2017.
Elgin Area School District Unit 46 has implemented play-based curriculum in their all-day kindergarten classrooms. They shared their development, implementation and initial results on December 1, 2016.
These events are hosted by the B-3 Continuity Project.