text:
Ships "A"
Ships "B"
Ships "C"
Ships "D"
Ships "E"
Ships "F"
Ships "G"
Ships "H"
Ships "I"
Ships "J"
Ships "K"
Ships "L"
Ships "M"
Ships "N"
Ships "O"
Ships "P"
Ships "Q"
Ships "R"
Ships "S"
Ships "T"
Ships "U"
Ships "V"
Ships "W"
Ships "X-Z"
Other Navy Units: Part I
Other Navy Units: Part II
US Marine Corps Units
Forward Presence in the Modern Navy Bibliography
Thomas G. Mahnken - Biography
Historiography of Programming and Acquisition Management Bibliography
Thomas Hone - Biography
Historiography of Technology Since 1950 - Bibliography
Mark D. Mandeles - Biography
Donald Chisholm Biography
The Navy, Science, and Professional History - Bibliography
Gary E. Weir - Biography
Edward L. Marolda - Biography
Social History of the U.S. Navy - Bibliography
US Navy Role in National Strategy - Bibliography
Sebastian Bruns Biography
Scott C. Truver - Biography
Appendix 1- U.S. Navy Operations 1980–2010
Appendix 2-U.S. Navy Operations 1980–2010
Appendix 4-Bibliography
Johnson, Alfred Wilkinson, Bombardment
The Naval Bombing Experiments: Minutes of the Pre-Bombing Conferences
May 10 and May 18, 1921
Note for Naval Historical Foundation
I do not recall the names of all the officers who attended these conferences nor who kept the minutes if any formal minutes were kept.
The attached paper was found among some of my old files.
A.W. Johnson
Conference of May 10, 1921
Captain Kurtz stated that the primary object of the exercises is to learn the effect of the explosives, rather than tactical methods.
General Mitchell: As I understand this, there are several different problems. The search problem off Cape Hatteras and Cape Henlopen is a very important problem, particularly on account of the different elements making up the liaison system along the coast and in operations off the coast--the Navy, the Coast Artillery, the Coast Guard telegraph and telephone systems, Army and Navy radio stations. This offers a good opportunity to really work out something. I think we should come to a definite understanding as to how we are going to conduct that search problem.
Capt. Kurtz: We have a certain amount of equipment to use and we are entitled to use everything we have. The condition is only that we approximate war conditions.
The Iowa is to be in a certain locality within a certain time. I think we should go ahead and try to pick her up at the earliest practicable time. We cannot exactly simulate war conditions.
General Mitchell: The second thing is that we ought to have a center of control for all aircraft participating.
Capt. Johnson: The center of control of the Air Force is the Air Force Commander. The Commander-in-Chief is in charge of the entire operations, and the Commander Air Force is subject to the Commander-in-Chief. There are so many other matters to be handled that it is very complicated: observations and recording of data; furnishing of patrol vessels; mooring of ships; running a passenger service, with a vessel for newspaper photographers, Naval aides, etc. These are all done under the Commander-in-Chief. I handle the operations of the Air Force, but I cannot change the weight of bombs or any of those details. I have my instructions.
General Mitchell: I understand that the Army Air Force and the Navy Air Force will work separately.
Captain Johnson: No, they are working together.
General Mitchell: Then there should be one center for them, one staff, and one headquarters.
A tentative schedule will be arranged beforehand, and will be subject to change by the Commander Air Force, due to weather conditions, or to allow time to examine the ships.
The Base Commander at Hampton Roads runs his planes; the Base Commanders at Langley Field and Yorktown each run their planes.
The information which must come from the sea because contact with the Iowa will be made at sea, and attacks on German ships at sea, must necessarily come from the target and go to this base. It will be sent by radio to the central radio station ashore.
General Mitchell: What I was leading up to is this: We would like to know about how this air force is to be handled--first--the element of command.
Capt. Johnson: It is under the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet.
General Mitchell: The Commander Air Force of the Navy will be over the Commander Air Force of the Army, and that is contrary to law.
Comdr. Whiting: The law says that "only on special occasions"--- -
General Mitchell: My object is to get some definite understanding, first, as to how we are to handle the search problem. We will do anything that we possibly can.
Capt. Johnson: We did not know at the time what planes you had that you wanted to put out on the search.
General Mitchell: We will thicken the scouting line up to the extent necessary to find the target. If your base commander is out here, I think that would be splendid.
Capt. Johnson: It is very difficult to get radio through around Charleston and New York, etc., as the interference is very great, unless we issued an order that there shall be no communication whatever on these land stations, and we don't want to cut that out. I had planned to get out before hand and have one or two of these search problems done on one of my ships, and if we find we can't get the communications through, Admiral Bullard is perfectly willing to cut the communication down.
General Mitchell: We have a certain amount of equipment we can use for that purpose. We also have some airships. We have four airships. We have a surveillance flight of about 8 seaplanes. We will use land planes also. We can have available 12 ships for surveillance purposes. These have radio, same as the Navy.
Capt. Johnson: The whole idea is to carry out my mission.
General Mitchell: We have certain plans we would like to submit at the proper time. If we can change these over in any way you see fit and assign ships accordingly, I think that will be all right.
Capt. Johnson: It would be ridiculous for us to scout unless we had a uniform doctrine. Otherwise we might will conduct the exercises one day for the Army and one day for the Navy.
Captain Johnson: About rules of the road, I was under the impression that there were recognized rules of the road for the air.
General Mitchell: It all depends on what we are doing. It depends on our target and method of attack. We have regular rules.
Comdr. Whiting: Our rules are the same as the international rules.
Capt. Johnson: The attack on the destroyer is with 250-lb. bombs, according to instructions. The Army has a lot of little bombs, and whether you propose to use them on the destroyer attack I don't know.
General Mitchell: You are base commander on the ship. You have your station.
Captain Johnson: I send radio to base commander and say "Commence attack at 9:30" or order them to finish at a certain time. The base commander will furnish the information to whomsoever is concerned.
General Mitchell: In the attacks on these ships I notice you do not include any torpedo work.
Capt. Johnson: No, we have no torpedoes. We have been given orders not to use torpedoes.
General Mitchell: Who is your senior officer at Hampton Roads?
Captain Johnson: Capt. Doyle; he is in command at Hampton Roads, and is also in charge of all assembly of material and all planes located at Hampton Roads.
In regard to the bombs, I take it the Army will furnish their own bombs, and the Navy will furnish their bombs.
General Mitchell: Yes, we will furnish our bombs. We will be glad to help you out with some if you need them.
General Mitchell: The next problem is in attacking the Iowa. That is an accuracy test.
Capt. Johnson: The Commander-in-Chief has appointed a board. We will take observers to locate the fall of the bombs whether they hit or not.
We also propose to make an examination of the effect.
General Mitchell: The only bomb we have that falls at all truly is the 100-lb. bomb. Can you use that?
Capt. Johnson: You can not use it with live powder on it. We are only allowed to use dummies on the Iowa. You can use it loaded with sand. One feature governing the exercises is that planes shall have full load of whatever bombs you take. If the planes can carry 2,000 pounds of bombs, we don't want any of them going out with only 2000 pounds for instance. We want them under service conditions as to weight. It is not prescribed what size bombs shall be used, or that all sized must be used, but that a full military load shall be carried of whatever size is used.
General Mitchell: I would like to ask if the Iowa has been marked or will she be in fleet formation?
Capt. Johnson: She will be marked in some way so as to be easily identified from the air, probably by painting the deck. She will be leading; that is, there will be nothing between the Iowa and the Ohio. We will have her very distinctly marked and will advise you well ahead of time. If the Henderson goes with the Iowa, she must keep well clear.
General Mitchell: On these accuracy tests, you want nothing but bombardment planes? We always cover everything with pursuit planes.
General Mitchell: On these destruction tests, as I understand it, these are really ordnance tests and you want to examine these ships after each attack.
Capt. Kurtz: We want to examine the Frankfurt, the cruiser and the battleship, after each attack. The submarine and the destroyer we don't care about.
General Mitchell: You have decided to put her down here?
Capt. Johnson: She must be at the 50-fathom line--about 60 miles off shore.
General Mitchell: We would like to suggest--we don't like to risk our planes out there. Down here (off Cape Hatteras) you can get 100 fathoms in 30 miles. We can make it in one flight from here. If you want to examine these ships after hits, we can't keep flying around. If you want to make an ordnance test of the thing and see the effect of these bombs, we would suggest if possible that you put it down there. (Cape Hatteras).
Comdr. Whiting: That would mean establishing another base. The ship will be full of gas. They will have to go aboard with gas masks, take photographs, examine the effect, etc., and there is no telling how long it will take. It means establishing a temporary base. It would be much safer from the Army point of view.
Capt. Kurtz: Hampton Roads is not the place we would have chosen. We would have chosen Cape Cod. The 50-fathom depth was decided by the Chief of Naval Operations.
General Mitchell: If we lose one bombardment ship, we have lost $60,000 or $70,000 at least. A rescue ship will not do any good, either. The plane will be ruined if it has to land.
General Mitchel: Off Cape Hatteras we can come ashore with one motor. If we are 60 or 70 miles off shore, we will have a stiff time going back. We will have gas and ammunition down there, but operate from Langley Field, and land down there temporarily. We can go down there in the morning and come back at night, or we can stay there over night. It will be safer there for both personnel and material.
General Mitchell: We would like very much in one of these tests to be able to maneuver against the target the way we actually would in attack, with pursuit and attack aviation and everything. We would like to attack with heavy equipment. We don't care what ship it is.
General Mitchell: That is the principal suggestion we would make. We would like to make these attacks for the ships.
General Mitchell: Can we take that paper and study it and have another conference to-morrow?
Comdr. Whiting: The Commander-in-Chief's representatives have to go back.
Capt. Johnson: I think we should go over this item by item and discuss it while we are all here.
General Mitchell: Our understanding was that we would attack in any way we saw fit with any size bombs and in any numbers and make not less than 2 hits.
Capt. Johnson: Not more than one large bomb can be dropped at a time.
Turning to the right after attack.
Gen. Mitchell: Army planes attack in all directions at the same time, and some turn to the right and some to the left. I think each group should have its own rules about that.
Capt. Johnson: It makes no difference to me. I only wanted to make it uniform.
It was agreed to omit the rule that land planes shall not land with bombs attached.
Pre-arranged Schedule
Gen. Mitchell: Some of our attack ships only go 70 or 75 miles an hour. Wouldn't it be better to set the time "to arrive over the target" rather than "to leave the base". Their speed depends on the wind, etc.
Radio--507 meters.
Gen. Mitchell: Some of our sets are Navy and some are not. But I think we can fix that up all right.
Capt. Johnson: It should be uniform, as the rescue ships are instructed to listen in on that wave length.
Forced Landings.
Col. Milling: You are liable to lose more than one plane your formation. The plane circling over will be losing gas.
Capt. Johnson: There is a general rule that planes running out of gas will return to base.
It was decided to omit the phrase "but should not land unless it is evident that the crew will be lost".
Squared Charts.
Comdr. Whiting: We will get those and turn them over to General Mitchell, or send them to Hampton Roads.
Gen. Mitchell: I think we have some of them.
Submarine U-117
This is not to be sunk by a Navy depth bomb, but by gunfire, according to the instructions.
Destroyer.
Gen. Mitchell: The Army would like to be able to use bombs of any size. We have never tried bigger bombs out. We would like to use some of our larger bombs.
Capt. Kurtz: These general rules are prescribed by the Navy Department.
Capt. Watts: I think there is one thing about it that you lose sight of--the fact that these exercises are not for the development of tactics but to ascertain the damage on certain types of Naval ships of certain intensive weapons of various types. The limitations as to size and numbers of hits required, etc., are the result of careful study on the part of the material bureaus, not by the operating end of the Navy Department at all. It would be unsatisfactory, I am sure, for instance, to have a 2,000-lb. bomb dropped on the destroyer and end the thing right there. We all know it would go instantly to the bottom, and our whole experiment would be robbed of its value.
It might be run in two parts, using small bombs first, then the big bombs separately.
Capt. Watts: All this elaborate program was submitted to the War Department and was accepted, with the exception of the question as to allowing 2 hits.
General Mitchell: When we accepted that, we expected to have a battleship to attack on the first of June.
Capt. Watts: What difference does it make whether you have bombed another ship before or after?
Gen.Mitchell: It makes this difference, that we would know how our bombs worked and from what altitude.
Capt. Watts: It is a matter that we do not know and we are anxious to know whether a destroyer can stand one or two or possibly five hits with 250-lb. bombs.
Capt. Johnson: Before the time comes to conducting the experiments, the board of observers should know what form the Army attacks are going to take.
Gen. Mitchell: The Army will furnish copies of orders and plans, etc. As I understand it, we can go ahead and attack this in any way we want without limitation, except as to the weight of bombs used.
Include the statement that the "Commander-in-Chief will decide when a sufficient number of hits have been scored".
Gen. Mitchell: We have some deck-piercing projectiles (non-explosive) that we could use.
Comdr. Whiting stated that these might possibly be used on the Ostfriesland in connection with the 1000-lb. bombs, and he will take this question up with the Bureau of Ordnance.
The Army will bomb with 600-lb. bombs instead of 520-lb., in the second attack, using 16 bombs.
Gen. Mitchell: Suppose a bomb is dropped outside the ship and has a depth charge effect, will that be considered a hit, and an examination made?
Capt. Kurtz: That will be for the board to decide, but I think an examination should be made.
Gen. Mitchell: What is in the back of our heads is that when we get going, we want to follow up our attacks and push it.
Capt. Watts: That's all right if you want to destroy it, but we want to determine the effect.
Gen. Mitchell: We must have it understood beforehand.
Gen. Mitchell: Will you have included in your signals a means of suspending operations?
Capt. Johnson: Yes, we will have signals from the board to the SHAWMUT and from the SHAWMUT to the base.
The examinations of the ships will be thorough enough to determine whether damage has been done by a bomb dropping alongside.
Gen. Mitchell: The exercises on the Ostfriesland are on July 20th. It must be sunk, according to the international agreement, by the 24th, must it not?
Capt. Kurtz: No, by the 9th of August.
Gen. Mitchell: Then, that allows plenty of time, in case of bad weather, etc.
The Army will use 1100-lb. bombs. instead of 1000-lb. bombs.
It was suggested that possibly torpedoes could be used if the vessel were still afloat after the gunfire exercises. The Army would like to have the Navy join in the torpedo exercises on the Alabama.
Gen. Mitchell: In the Iowa exercises, what is the limit in weight if dummy bombs?
Capt. Johnson: There is no limit as to the weight of the bombs, except that a full military load must be carried.
It was decided to add the sentence "The Commander-in-Chief will prescribe when the exercises will end".
It was suggested that the Army dirigibles should be placed somewhere near the center of the scouting line in the Iowa exercises, to give them the shortest scouting distance.
Gen. Mitchell: If the ship should be way up here, we haven't gas capacity enough to go to it.
On page 9, it should read "the rescue ships will establish line as assigned by the Commander of the Patrol Force". This line should be between the Iowa and the nearest beach, rather than to the nearest base.
The Army representative will take the plans and study them, and have a reply ready for further conferences on Wednesday, May 18.
Notes on Bombing Conference
Capt. Kurtz: I would like to ask what is the largest dummy bomb used by the Army.
Gen. Mitchell: We have no large dummy bombs. We will have to remove the explosives from our bombs, but we do not care particularly to participate in that part.
Capt. Kurtz: We have one or two minor changes to make in the original plan.
Gen. Mitchell: We would like very much to have any of your officers with our staff of the Provisional Air Brigade, which is operating at Langley Field.
In addition to these ordnance tests, we are going to carry out a regular series of maneuvers, which will last through until September.
Capt. Kurtz: You asked the other day about using 1100-lb. bombs on the Ostfriesland. That is all right.
Gen. Mitchell: Yes, we would like to drop some of those armor-piercing bombs. We would like to try them without charges to see the effect. There have been tests made which indicate that they will pierce about 3 inches of steel, but I don't think they will pierce any more than that.
Capt. Johnson: I think it is 2-3/4".
Commander Simmers: It is 2-3/16" on the Ostfriesland. One is pretty close to 3 inches aft.
Capt. Kurtz: In using these, you want to take the explosives out?
Gen. Mitchell: Either way; either with or without the explosives.
Capt. Watts: Without the explosives, I think would be very desirable, but with the explosives would be too dangerous for the lower part of the ship. You have all the penetrative data that way. You will get more information that way.
Gen. Mitchell: Could we have diagrams of these various ships. We don't want any complicated ones.
Comdr. Simmers: We have no tracer copies now, but we can get them. How many would you like to have?
Gen. Mitchell: About 10 copies of each. We would like to have all the types that are used in the problem, if you have them.
Comdr. Simmers: About 50 copies have been sent to the Commander-in-Chief.
Gen. Mitchell: I will read this letter from the Commanding Officer, Provisional Air Brigade to the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet.
Capt. Kurtz: The date for the exercises on the Iowa has been changed to June 28th.
Gen. Mitchell: Referring to paragraph 6, all our personnel will not participate in this bombing, as the risk is too great, both for personnel and for planes.
Capt. Kurtz: Any of your personnel not taking part will be placed with our observers, or we may be able to fix you up with our additional F-5-L's.
Gen. Mitchell: Re paragraph 7, we feel badly that no torpedoes are to be used. We would like, when that ship is turned over to us, to have the Navy work with us in torpedo experiments.
Capt. Kurtz: Our hands are tied on this. We are merely carrying out the instructions of the Department in not using torpedoes.
Gen. Mitchell: We understand that, but we are very much interested in getting that information. In connection with the zero hour, I believe that will be adjusted according to the speed of the various ships so that they may be over a certain objective at a certain time?
Capt. Johnson: That applies to the Iowa experiments. The instructions are that planes cannot start from anywhere until the zero hour. That is why I allowed 1-1/2 hours to give them to take up their positions.
Maj. Milling: That will take care of the flying boats, but not the airships, they are so slow.
Capt. Johnson: That can be arranged all right.
Gen. Mitchell: If we get into any electrical storms, we may have trouble; otherwise, I think we will get along all right.
Capt. Kurtz: We have to pick out a good day. That is prescribed.
Gen. Mitchell: I wonder what date the Commander-in-Chief wants me to report to him. I can report any time he wishes.
Capt. Johnson: I think we ought to work a little together ahead of time.
Capt. Kurtz: Admiral Jones, the Senior Officer Present, will arrive there about the 16th of June.
Capt. Upham: I think it will probably be about the 17th, the afternoon of the 16th or morning of the 17th.
Gen. Mitchell: If we could send a permanent liaison officer to Hampton Roads, I think that would be desirable, and you could have one at Langley Field.
Capt. Kurtz: I have a note of that.
Gen. Mitchell: Milling has authority to carry out anything that is necessary.
Capt. Kurtz: I don't know of anything more. Has anyone from the Department anything to bring up?
Comdr. Whiting: Will you send us a copy of that letter?
Gen. Mitchell: Yes, I will send you a copy. Here is one for Capt. Kurtz. Have you diagrams of all the bombs, and the last fuse?
Lt.Comdr. Rankin: Yes, we have most of them. I can get them all right.
Capt. Kurtz: Is everything that has been taken up all right with you, General? It is satisfactory to us.
Gen. Mitchell: Everything is satisfactory to us. We don't like to go into these tests without ever having dropped a bomb at a water craft. We have sent in a request for any kind of a ship to be turned over to us by the 1st of June. I am going down to Hampton Roads next week, and will be there practically all the time after that. We are having exercises all the time.
CC to: Capt. Kurtz
Capt. Johnson
Lt.Comdr. Bartlett
Comdr. Ellyson


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text:
Whales at greater risk from fishing than previously believed
Monday 8 February 2021
Whale showing scarring
A larger proportion of whales than previously thought is being injured by fishing equipment, according to new research led by the University of St Andrews.
The research, published in Endangered Species Research, showed that the vast majority of the whale populations in the Gulf of St Lawrence have shown previous entanglement in fishing gear.
The team used drones to search for scars on the whales which showed entanglement injuries.
In right and humpback whales, between 60 per cent and 80 per cent of the mammals have been entangled at least once in their lifetime. For the larger rorqual whales, like blue and fin, it had been previously assumed that this number was only around ten per cent because they are stronger and might live more offshore, thus less overlapping with fishing. However, the new findings showed that this was in fact a problem of perception rather than reality.
One of the main areas where entanglement scars are found on whales is the tail and the tailstock (peduncle) in front of the tail/fluke.
Scarred versus unscarred
Right and humpback whales lift their tail every time they dive, so they expose this body area, making it easy to identify entanglement scars. Fin whales and blue whales do not lift their tail, making it impossible to determine if an animal exhibits scars around the tail/tailstock as seen from a vessel.
However, using drones the researchers were able to look at the body areas which remain under the water's surface.
Using drones, the team observed that at least 55 per cent of the fin whales also exhibited scars from entanglement, and the range for the blue whales is similarly high at 40 to 60 per cent.
Dr Christian Ramp, Honorary Research Fellow in the School of Biology at the University of St Andrews, said: "A simple change of perspective from a vessel's side to the bird-view of a drone revealed the fact large whales like blue and fin whales are also heavily affected by fishing activities.
"We proved that the previous assumption that interactions between fishers and whales are rare was wrong and showed that a large portion of the two populations has been previously entangled.
Whales showing scarring under the water
"This finding will likely profoundly impact the recovery plan/strategies here in North America, including legislation. It will hopefully trigger studies on this species in other regions.
"These results will require a review of every recovery plan and strategy in which, so far, fishing was not listed as a significant threat for these two species."
Entanglement in fishing gear is one of the biggest threats to whales, however, it is unusual for such events to be witnessed: fewer than one in 15 entanglements are seen.
The paper, 'Up in the air: drone images reveal underestimation of entanglement rates in large rorqual whales' by Christian Ramp, David Gaspard, Katherine Gavrilchuk, Miranda Unger, Anna Schleimer, Julien Delarue, Scott Landry and Richard Sears is published in Endangered Species Research and available online.
Please ensure that the paper's DOI [doi.org/10.3354/esr01084] is included in all online stories and social media posts and that Endangered Species Research is credited as the source.
fishing School of Biology whales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Smithville's Tramel Wins T-H Marine FLW Bass Fishing League Tournament on Center Hill Lake
1y • FLW Communications • Phoenix Bass Fishing League
Josh Tramel
Co-Angler Title Goes to Goodletsville's Adams
April 1, 2019 • FLW Communications • Phoenix Bass Fishing League
SPARTA, Tenn. – Boater Josh Tramel of Smithville, Tennessee, brought five bass to the scale Saturday weighing 20 pounds, 12 ounces, to win the T-H Marine FLW Bass Fishing League (BFL) Music City Division tournament on Center Hill Lake. For his first-place finish, Tramel earned $4,384.
Tramel said he primarily worked through two mid-lake areas with gravel and rock, and caught approximately 10 keepers throughout the tournament.
"One area was a staging area – a little creek channel swing in a major creek – and one had multiple staging areas close to points where bass were spawning," said Tramel, who earned his sixth career win in BFL competition. "I caught most of what I weighed in before lunch, until 12 [p.m.] or so. My limit was made up of all smallmouth."
Tramel caught three that he weighed at the channel swing in 6 to 8 feet of water using a Carolina-rigged green pumpkin-colored Berkley Power Hog. The other two smallmouth were caught at the points on Crawfish-colored Rapala DT6 and a DT10 crankbaits in 6 to 10 feet of water.
The top 10 boaters finished the tournament in:
1st: Josh Tramel, Smithville, Tenn., five bass, 20-12, $4,384
2nd: Jesse Rigsby, Old Hickory, Tenn., five bass, 17-2, $1,467
3rd: Mickey Beck, Lebanon, Tenn., five bass, 17-1, $1,127
4th: Clabion Johns, Covington, Ga., five bass, 16-15, $784
5th: Adam Wagner, Cookeville, Tenn., five bass, 16-5, $587
6th: Daniel Johnson, Lebanon, Tenn., five bass, 16-0, $538
7th: Michael Thomason, Winchester, Tenn., five bass, 15-13, $489
8th: Jay Melton, Murfreesboro, Tenn., five bass, 15-11, $440
9th: Dale Rowland, Shelbyville, Tenn., five bass, 14-6, $391
10th: Alex Hester, Crossville, Tenn., five bass, 13-13, $342
Complete results can be found at FLWFishing.com.
Matt Langley of Lebanon, Tennessee, caught a bass weighing 5 pounds even – the heaviest of the event in the Boater Division – and earned the day's Boater Big Bass award of $335.
Mitchell Adams of Goodletsville's, Tennessee, won the Co-angler Division and $1,374 Saturday after catching five bass weighing 15 pounds, 9 ounces.
The top 10 co-anglers were:
1st: Mitchell Adams, Goodletsville, Tenn., five bass, 15-9, $1,374
2nd: Tyler Barnes, Murfreesboro, Tenn., five bass, 15-5, $687
3rd: Sam Loveless, Somerset, Ky., five bass, 12-6, $459
4th: Brian Reed, Cookeville, Tenn., four bass, 11-3, $321
5th: Bryan Brinson, Hendersonville, Tenn., three bass, 8-8, $375
6th: Randall Wiggins, Birmingham, Ala., five bass, 8-1, $302
7th: Todd Knois, Lewisburg, Tenn., three bass, 8-0, $229
8th: James Davis, Springfield, Tenn., three bass, 7-13, $206
9th: Donnie Rubel, Murfreesboro, Tenn., two bass, 7-8, $183
10th: Kelly Stone, Westmoreland, Tenn., two bass, 6-13, $160
Andrew Whitaker of Scottsville, Kentucky, caught the largest bass in the Co-angler Division, a fish weighing in at 4 pounds, 5 ounces. The catch earned him the day's Co-angler Big Bass award of $152.
The top 45 boaters and co-anglers in the region based on point standings, along with the five winners in each qualifying event, will be entered in the Oct. 10-12 BFL Regional Championship on Lake Hartwell in Seneca, South Carolina, presented by Navionics. Boaters will compete for a top award of a Ranger Z518L with a 200-horsepower outboard and $20,000, while co-anglers will fish for a new Ranger Z518L with a 200-horsepower outboard.
The 2019 BFL is a 24-division circuit devoted to weekend anglers, with 128 tournaments throughout the season, five qualifying events in each division. The top 45 boaters and co-anglers from each division, along with the five winners of the qualifying events, will advance to one of six regional tournaments where they are competing to finish in the top six, which then qualifies them for one of the longest-running championships in all of competitive bass fishing – the BFL All-American. The 2019 BFL All-American will be held May 30-June 1 at the Potomac River in Marbury, Maryland, and is hosted by the Charles County Department of Recreation, Parks and Tourism and the Commissioners of Charles County. Top performers in the BFL can move up to the Costa FLW Series or even the FLW Tour.
For complete details and updated information visit FLWFishing.com. For regular updates, photos, tournament news and more, follow the T-H Marine FLW Bass Fishing League on FLW's social media outlets at Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.
FLW is the world's largest tournament-fishing organization, providing anglers of all skill levels the opportunity to compete for millions in prize money in 2019 across five tournament circuits. Headquartered in Benton, Kentucky, with offices in Minneapolis, FLW and their partners conduct more than 290 bass-fishing tournaments annually around the world, including the United States, Canada, China, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa and Spain. FLW tournament fishing can be seen on the Emmy-nominated "FLW" television show while FLW Bass Fishing magazine delivers cutting-edge tips from top pros. For more information visit FLWFishing.com and follow FLW at Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.


3 Dimensional Chat / How can i improve my inefficient terraform tool?
You can use the mouse to reshape the land however it is currently very inefficient.
First i need to change a vertex's position in the memblock using SetMeshMemblockVertexPosition.
And after that i need to update the whole mesh using the new memblock data with SetObjectMeshFromMemblock.
I need to do this 60 times per second so my game runs at a real 60fps.
This isn't a problem with a small mapsize (50x50 on laptop 100x100 on desktop), but with a bigger mapsize it can't keep up.
One solution i found is to split the map up in chunks of like 25x25.
But then i will have multiple meshes which will slow down shadows since i have to do more drawcalls.
And i will need to have double data around the edges (for 2 meshes).
Isn't there a way to modify a single vertex of mesh without recreating the whole mesh?
Or do i indeed to split up my terrain into chunks?
I also looked in unity game engine since it handles it much better but i don't really understand what method they use.


text:
The Mallee region in north-west Victoria is characterised by the Mallee/sandy-loam soils and species of Eucalyptus which grow as multiple saplings from a large root or lignotuber. The Mallee eucalypts, however, extend southwards and eastwards, and extensive stands are harvested for oil in the Bendigo region. It is thought that the name Mallee was derived from an Aboriginal word describing the scrub or thickets.
Kerang and the Loddon River are the usually accepted eastern boundary of the Mallee. The southern boundary is usually a line extending through Lake Hindmarsh to the South Australian border, placing Birchip, Beulah and Rainbow in the Mallee. Some parts of the region are heathlands, grasslands and native-pine areas. Nearly all of the area has average annual rainfalls of 380 mm (15 inches) or less, and much higher rates of evaporation. Apart from the Murray River, streams flowing into the Mallee empty into lakes, some of which are ephemeral, or into porous sands.
Pastoralism
Despite the heat and low rainfall, pastoral activity reached the Mallee in 1846 and occupied about two-thirds of it by 1859. The first pastoral runs were along the Murray River, along the Wimmera River terminating at Pine Plains just beyond Lake Albacutya and along Yarriambiack Creek to Lake Corrong. The last two water courses have their headwaters in the Grampians, in the southern Wimmera, which later suggested a means of artificial water channels fed from Grampians storages. On the eastern extreme of the Mallee there were also early pastoral runs along the Tyrrell and Lalbert Creeks, which also emptied into lakes.
Early township settlements in the Mallee were Swan Hill (near Tyntynder pastoral run and accessible by river boat) and Hopetoun, founded by Edward Lascelles, after whom Lascelles is named.
Before Lascelles came to the Mallee, the pastoral leaseholds underwent serious decline from rabbit invasion. As pastoralists retreated the rabbits advanced faster. In 1875 the Mallee pastoral lands had 420,000 sheep, and eight years later the number of sheep had fallen by four-fifths and the number of pastoral runs by 62. Lascelles undertook rabbit and vermin eradication and the construction of rabbit-proof fencing, encouraging the prospect of settlement in the Mallee. Several authorities remarked on the potential fertility of Mallee soils. In the late 1880s Lascelles subdivided his Lake Corrong run for wheat farms.
Closer settlement
Railways advanced towards and through the Mallee, putting wheat crops within reach of markets: Wycheproof – Sea Lake (1895), Birchip-Woomelang (1899), Warracknabeal – Hopetoun (1894) and Jeparit – Rainbow (1899). The Mildura irrigation colony (1887) began the Mallee's largest population centre, and the railway line was extended to it from Woomelang in 1903. The second wave of clearing and settlement came with post World War I soldier settlement, westwards into the Murrayville district, the Millewa settlement and south of Mildura at Red Cliffs.
Many settlements and railway extensions ran in tandem with an active State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, which built Grampians water storages and supply channels. The Millewa settlement was supplied with water from the Murray River, and the Murrayville area, west of Underbool, had bore water. East of Underbool the Grampians system is topped up from the Western Waranga Channel system. Both systems rank among the world's longest water supplies for stock and domestic use.
Clearing the land of Mallee scrub was arduous, although much cheaper than the heavily forested country of Gippsland which was converted to dairying. A heavy roller flattened the scrub which was burnt after drying. A good burn removed much of the live material left in the ground, but a cool burn left it to resprout and compete with wheat crops. The stump-jump plough made the ground tillable. Mallee roots were gradually taken out, providing domestic firewood and a source of funds when sold. They were slow burning and gave good heat. Excessive cultivation led to wind erosion, and a sensible protective routine was fallow/grazing, wheat and oats over three years.
Mildura area
The Merbein – Mildura – Red Cliffs irrigation area produces grapes for drying, wine and table use, citrus and other fruits, vegetables and stock fodder. The area's population has grown steadily since the 1930s, and during 1976-96 Mildura city's grew by 40%. Tourism has been a contributing factor. This area of growth caused the population figures for the Mallee region to grow by one-sixth between 1976 and 1996, masking the declines in the farmlands where consolidations have occurred to make more productive units. In 1976 Birchip and Wycheproof shires had 5716 people and 20 years later their areas had 3846 people. The Swan Hill area's population has remained stable, as tourism has compensated for population loss in the primary production area.
The extreme north-west of the Mallee was the site of the unbuilt Chowilla dam (1960s-70s). Proposed by the South Australian government, the dam would have inundated 117 sq km in that State, 427 sq km in Victoria and 505 sq km in New South Wales. Shallowness and high evaporation were among the reasons for the dam not proceeding. Instead, the Dartmouth storage, on the Mitta Mitta River, south of the Hume reservoir was built. South Australia gained increased water by releases into the Murray River.
The Mallee area (excluding the part of the former Kerang shire west of the Loddon River) had 18% of Victoria's farmland in 1994. It produced 93% of Victoria's grapes, 48% of Victoria's barley, 39% of Victoria's wheat and carried 5.5% of Victoria's sheep and lambs.
There remain large Mallee areas which have been kept as reserves and National Parks. The first was Wyperfeld (1909), north-west of Lake Hindmarsh and Rainbow. Adjoining it is the Big Desert Wilderness Park, extending to South Australia. Northwards, on the far side of the Murrayville-Underbool farmlands, there are the Murray-Sunset National Park and the Pink Lakes State Park. The Hattah-Kulkyne National Park adjoins the Murray River south of Mildura, and there are scattered public lands west of Mildura along the river. Public lands comprise about a third of the Mallee's 430,000 sq km.
In addition to towns already mentioned, other population centres in the Mallee include: Lake Boga, Manangatang, Ouyen, Quambatook and Walpeup.
The census populations of the Mallee have been:
These figures are based on local-government boundaries which did not exactly correspond with the Mallee's southern boundary, but population in that area has been relatively thin. The part of the former Kerang shire west of the Loddon River is also omitted.
Census data since 1996 does not correspond with the area covered by the table.
Sir Ronald East, 'Water in the Mallee', The Victorian Historical Magazine, Royal Historical Society of Victoria, November, 1967
Report on the Mallee Study Area, Land Conservation Council of Victoria, 1974
J.M. Powell, The public lands of Australia Felix, Oxford University Press, 1970
Samuel Wadham, Land Utilisation in Australia, 4th ed, Melbourne University Press, 1964
A.S. Kenyon, 'The story of the Mallee', The Victorian Historical Magazine, The Historical Society of Victoria, September 1914-March 1915.
Buloke shire, Mildura rural city, Swan Hill rural city and Yarriambiack shire entries
<< Mallacoota >>
<< Malmsbury >>
Rolling down the Mallee, 1918
In the Victorian Mallee, 1943
Crimson Honey-Myrtle found in the Little Dersert near Kaniva


Do people have a "right" to health care?
A dire warning about what awaits if the Obamacare train is not soon derailed.
Educating a Castro fellow traveler on the horrors of "free" Cuban healthcare.
Why Americans won't buy the president's new crusade to sell ObamaCare.
The leftist hijacking of Thanksgiving.
How Obama's lie proves liberals can't be trusted.


With up to 5.2 million Americans over the age of 65 living with Alzheimer's, the holidays bring about a unique set of challenges when trying to uphold family traditions. While taking a loved one with Alzheimer's or other onset dementia out of their familiar home surroundings and routines to join in on family festivities may seem like the right thing to do, it could in turn be an unpleasant experience for all involved.
A recent Huffington Post article by Dr. Amy D'Aprix suggests that changing family traditions can be the best way to honor your loved one with Alzheimer's.
While it's sad to admit, the truth is a person with Alzheimer's simply won't enjoy the traditional holiday experience due to a number of factors. For example, they're likely used to a normal routine as far as eating, sleeping and other daily activities are concerned. Breaking such routines can leave your loved one confused and unhappy in an unfamiliar setting surrounded by faces they no longer recognize.
D'Aprix suggests we consider alternative ways to spend time with a loved one with Alzheimer's.
Perhaps the biggest takeaway from the article is this: however noble our intentions may be when trying to keep up on family traditions, we should ask ourselves if we're doing it all for them or for us.


Gordy Road Recreation Area in Fort Pierce is mostly used for motorcycle and ATV riding, and mountain biking. There's also a disc golf course. (No, I don't know what disc golf is.) A picnic pavilion and composting restrooms are provided, and there is a small fishing pier (water is stagnant, I promise you wouldn't catch anything). A 1/2 mile interpretive hiking trail runs through the scrubby flatwoods. Future plans include a canoe launch, parking at the disc golf course, and trails leading to Ten Mile Creek Recreation Area (personally, I enjoyed my visit there MUCH more).
This park is like a ghost town. The parking lot looked like it hadn't seen a car in years. The paved trails looked unused. It was creepy and post-apocalyptic. The facilities are very nice, you could have a heck of a cookout here, but I think it's just too far out in the middle of nowhere.


While home with my family over the holidays, I spent some time playing around with "TTV" - a technique known as Through the Viewfinder, where you shoot through the viewfinder of a 1950s era camera with another camera, using the older camera solely as a lens. In trying this out, I was inspired by the flickr group Through the Viewfinder. This technique produces a slightly distorted effect, softens the colors, and allows you to capture the crackles and scratches on the older lens.
Though not without its difficulties - I found myself wishing I had a third hand to help juggle two cameras while also keeping my image framed, in focus, and out of the sun's glare - I like the new way it lets me see the world.
I love the effect. Very creative.
The colors are amazing. They remind me a little of photographs by Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii who experimented with color at the turn of the century (the results are collected in a book called Photographs for the Tsar).


> We've started reviewing the changes that landed in #156, and will provide our initial feedback on the call (and will of course open issues against w3c/sensors as usual).
Other concrete sensors to follow after we've ironed out the kinks in the adaptation. To be discussed on the call, time permitting.
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RISTE - Go Guardian type software for Windows 10?
Go Guardian type software for Windows 10?
We've been using Go Guardian on our Chromebooks and really like it. The black and whitelist features, flagged terms and risk notifications work great for us. I was just wondering if anyone has something they really like for PCs. We use iBoss but it just doesn't have the same real time reporting as Go Guardian. Obviously different worlds. But just curious. Thanks for any help.
Hi Anne, I know this is an old post but my Googling brought me to your post. We are in a similar boat, we use iBoss to meet the CIPA requirements but have used GoGuardian in the past and prefer a Google-integrated solution. I heard over the weekend that GoGuardian is running a closed Beta at the moment for Windows PC. I am going to reach out to them to see if I can jump in.
- Chrome deletes all cache/logins when the browser is closed or computer shuts down.
Some district may not be able to pull this off if they have internal resources for students using AD security but we do not have that in East Providence. If anyone wants to see it in action, please feel free to ping me.