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Streetvanners Belgium vzw
http://streetvanners.be/forum/
Wat info over de geliefde 5.8 vortec
http://streetvanners.be/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=3317 Pagina 1 van 1
Auteur: filip behiels [ ma feb 13, 2012 12:11 ]
Berichttitel: Wat info over de geliefde 5.8 vortec
L31 is a V8 truck engine. Displacement is 5.7 L. It is the last production Generation I small-block from Chevrolet. The cylinder heads feature combustion chambers and intake ports very similar to those of the LT1 V8, but without the reverse-flow cooling. As such, the L31 head is compatible with all older small-blocks, and is a very popular upgrade. It offers the performance of more expensive heads, at a much lower cost. It does, however, require a specific intake manifold (a Vortec head has 8 bolts attaching the intake manifold as opposed to the traditional twelve bolts per head). The L31 was replaced by the 5.3 L 5300 LM7. The 2002 model year was the final year for the L31 5.7 L small block V-8 whose origins date back to 1955. The Vortec 5700 produces 255 hp (190 kW) to 350 hp (261 kW) at 4600 rpm and 330 lb·ft (447 N·m) to 350 lb·ft (475 N·m) of torque at 2800 rpm. It is currently being produced as a crate engine for marine applications and automotive hobbyists as the "ramjet 350" with minor modifications.
L31 applications:
1996–2003 Chevrolet Express/GMC Savana full-size vans
1994–1999 Chevrolet/GMC C/K full-size trucks
1996–1999 Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Suburban full-size long-wheelbase SUVs
1996–1999 Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon (and 2000 Tahoe Limited) full-size short-wheelbase SUVs
1999–2000 Cadillac Escalade
TBI L31 applications
1996 G-Series vans over 8,500 lb (3,856 kg) GVW w/ 4L80E transmission
Pagina 1 van 1 Alle tijden zijn GMT + 1 uur [ Zomertijd ]

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Lily Allen explains how she nearly formed a band with Arctic Monkeys' Alex Turner
Far Out Staff· June 8, 2018
Lily Allen has explained how she almost formed a band with Arctic Monkeys frontman Alex Turner.
Allen, who emerged on the popular culture scene around the same time Arctic Monkeys released their debut album Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not and has been close friends with the Sheffield-based band since.
Reminiscing about times their paths have crossed in the music industry, Allen revealed that she and Turner discussed working together: "We were meant to do a band together once, called Rupert The Band, me and Alex Turner," she told NME. "I haven't seen him for a long time. He lives in LA now. Avoiding tax. Yeah," she joked.
Asked about Arctic Monkeys new album Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino, a record that initially split opinion but now seems to be well received, Allen said: "I like that new record," before adding: "It's like cliché rock'n'roll, but I like it. You know what I mean? I knew it wasn't going to be Sheffield rock again, but it's like everything that I expected from a bunch of lads living in Hollywood, from Sheffield, to come up with and I like it for that."
[MORE] – Watch Arctic Monkeys play 'Four Out of Five' live on "Fallon"


Hyderabad January, 2019: Mohan (Name changed) a 29-year-old Police Constable, was diagnosed with pulmonary TB in Oct, 2018. An incidental HIV test in ICTC confirmed that he was HIV positive.
Shaken by the news and shattered, Mohan had already developed severe numbness in his lower limbs, was unable to walk, and went on sick leave. Weak and feeble he was brought to the Sivananda Palliative Care Centre (SPCC) in Kukatpally, and was diagnosed to have HIV induced, Severe Sensory Motor Axonal Neuropathy.
At SPCC, he was stabilized and received multi-disciplinary treatment, a neurologist evaluated him, and he was put on intense physiotherapy, daily counselling and a healthy diet. Within 6 weeks of stay at SPCC, the young man was back on his feet and could walk. He resumed duty last month and is doing well ever since his discharge.
This month a family of 5 members from the City, all HIV + were moved to SPCC, by NGO Helping Hand Foundation, when several hospitals denied admission to a 6-year-old girl suffering from HIV and suspected diphtheria. Now 3 members of same the family, the father, mother and daughter are admitted for treatment and will stay there till their treatment is completed.
Several such heart rending stories fill the air at SPCC which offers succour to HIV positive patients who come in hope of treatment from all over the State.
In the 250 plus patients treated, 4 terminally ill patients died, and the rest were all successfully treated. However, 10% to 15% returned with routine ailments, the SPCC spent roughly about Rs. 5000 to 6000 per patient.
"The majority of the patients admitted in the Center were treated for opportunistic infections like TB, Uncontrolled Diarrhoea, Oral and Oesophageal Candidiasis and HIV induced Neuropathy, Epilepsy, Liver Disease and TB Meningitis," said Dr. Sreedhar, Chief Medical Officer at SPCC.
"The SPCC brings to the table quality and integrated Health Care for HIV /AIDS patients comprising Counselling, Physiotherapy, in house nutrition with clean and hygienic medical facilities and specialists from sister concerns within the same compound," said Mr. Vikram Dev Rao, Secretary Sivananda Rehabilitation Home.
"With stigma and fear still largely prevailing, many HIV patients who are sick have to run from pillar to post for treatment in different hospitals, as all the facilities are not available under one roof. This takes a toll not only on their purses but also their mental health, but after the launch of SPCC, HIV patients do not have to go through this ordeal," said Mr. Mujtaba Hasan Askari, Helping Hand Foundation an operational partner in the Palliative Care project.
Experts dealing in HIV Care state that the general health of HIV positive patients is showing marked improvement due to better access and compliance to ART medicine. With the prevailing HIV population of roughly 2 lacs in TS, only 0.1% of the patients availed the HIV Palliative Care in the first year. "At SPCC this points to the fact that a larger number of HIV population has now access to ART treatment which is improving their general health," said S. Ananth Reddy, Chief Administrator, SPCC.


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Apple Updates Mac Pro Configurator With New 8TB SSD Option
by Usman Qureshi – Fri, December 20, 2019
As noted by 9to5Mac, Apple has just updated the Mac Pro configurator to include a new 8TB SSD option, a configuration that was listed as coming soon last week.
Initially, the Mac Pro wasn't announced as having an 8TB configuration. But when the 16-inch MacBook Pro was announced with the option, Apple decided to add it to the Mac Pro as well.
In Canada, the new 8TB SSD option comes at an added cost of $3,120 compared to the Mac Pro's base 256GB configuration.
Meanwhile, the following two additional graphics card options are also coming soon for the Mac Pro:
Radeon Pro W5700X with 16GB of GDDR6 memory
Two Radeon Pro W5700X with 16GB of GDDR6 memory each
The rack-mount version of the Mac Pro is also still listed as coming soon on Apple's website, although it is not yet known how "soon" that option will become available.
2020 iPhones May Adopt Sensor-Shift Image Stabilization Technology
Usman Qureshi
Fri, December 20, 2019


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CBS' Last.fm Courts U.S., Gets Half Of Users Off-Site
Robert Andrews Feb 28, 2008 (Jun 10, 2020) -- Blog Post
After its $280 million acquisition by CBS (NYSE: CBS) last year, London-based social music net Last.fm seems keen to please its new paymasters on American soil. A press release trumpeting its US growth rate last week and a high-profile panel appearance in Manhattan for all three founders tonight seem designed to show off the team to US advertisers and content owners – especially in light of CBS president Leslie Moonves' recent remark: "The idea is now to advertise, to bring it more to the United States as well."
Also today, Last.fm said 19 million people listen to its music through off-site widgets and third-party hacks (via release). That's almost as many as the entire 21 million active monthly user base on the site itself. But then, Last.fm's ads are visual, not audible, so that's 19 million users who aren't necessarily generating cash. The site unveiled a widget showcase today and plans to open more of itself to third-party developers this year.


Ulster university has a national and international reputation for excellence, innovation and regional engagement.
They make a major contribution to the economic, social and cultural development of Northern Ireland and play a key role in attracting inward investment. Their core business activities are teaching and learning, widening access to education, research and innovation and technology and knowledge transfer.
They have a positive impact on the economy and community in Northern Ireland and employ over 3000 staff with an annual turnover of more than £200 million.
Technology and knowledge transfer and commercial exploitation of ideas are promoted by their Office of Innovation through a range of initiatives and ongoing research and consultancy with business and industry.
They are a major contributor to the Research and Development capacity within Northern Ireland and they support local business and industry. The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise confirmed the strength and quality of their research and the advances that they are continually making.
They make a leading contribution to lifelong learning (via eLearning), widening access to education for all - enhancing the region's knowledge base.
Partnerships have been forged with other educational providers locally, nationally and internationally and they have a network of strategic partnerships throughout the world.


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Off-White's Air Jordan Collaboration With Nike Drops Soon — Get Them Before They Sell Out
By Spy Editors February 14, 2020
Courtesy of Nike
Spy Finds is a daily series that unveils the coolest, under-the-radar products that you haven't heard of until now. Each product is curated by our editors who want to help you discover cool finds you didn't know you needed.
Virgil Abloh's Off White x Nike Air Jordans collaboration drops on Saturday, February 15 at 8:00 am. Like a lot of highly anticipated Nike sneakers, they will likely sell out in short order. If you're a sneakerhead who lives for new Air Jordan sneakers designed by one of the world's top street fashion designers, then these sneakers absolutely belong in your collection.
In case you're not already familiar, Virgil Abloh was Kanye West's creative director and has since made quite a splash in the fashion world with his streetwear company Off-White. Since branching off with his own creative project, he has played with the shades of grey within street fashion, design and prescriptive gender looks. In March of 2018 he was promoted yet again with a nod from Louis Vuitton, becoming the iconic fashion house's artistic director of menswear.
This collaboration could not be timed more perfectly, with the NBA All-Star weekend happening in Chicago at the very same time. Abloh is from the Windy City, where he began working with Kanye West. We hope we don't need to remind you of the connection between Michael Jordan and Chi Town. In addition to these sneakers, Off-White and Nike have also collaborated on a new line of athletic gear, which was officially released on February 6.
The Off-White Air Jordans feature a Black Metallic color scheme as a base. Off-White's signature text can be seen on the side panel with details about the production specs. They uphold tradition with Michael Jordan's silhouette on the tongues and the number 23 emblazoned on the outside heel of the shoe.
Air Jordan V
After stepping onto the court in 1985 wearing the original Air Jordans, Michael Jordan broke new ground in basketball. Of course, these iconic sneakers have evolved in the decades since, and now Abloh is bringing his deconstructed design approach to this collaboration. The shoelaces feature the word "Shoelaces" with Off-White's signature quotation marks. The Off-White Air Jordans also have cutouts, translucent elements and layered textiles. They serve to reveal the shoes' inner workings and give the wearer a brand new perspective.
While Abloh has deconstructed the classic Air Jordan design, these shoes are still very recognizably Air Jordan sneakers. With New York Fashion Week drawing to a close and the NBA All-Star Game getting ready to start, this is the perfect time for a high fashion collaboration.
Sneakerheads can get these shoes — if they don't sell out first — on Saturday, February 15.
Gear Style Men's Shoes men's sneakers men's style spy finds street style


PK is a 2014 Hindi satirical science fiction comedy film directed by Rajkumar Hirani and produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra. The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma, Sushant Singh Rajput, Boman Irani, Saurabh Shukla, and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles.
The soundtrack of the film is composed by Ajay Atul, Shantanu Moitra, Ankit Tiwari and lyrics are written by Swanand Kirkire, Amitabh Verma, Manoj Muntashir.
Here is the link of all the songs lyrics and videos of PK.


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Luray is a town located in the Shenandoah Valley, in the northern part of Virginia. Luray is an access point for visiting Shenandoah National Park, which is part of the Blue ridge Mountains where activities include hiking, camping and driving the 105-mile Skyline Drive. Luray is also home to the Luray Caverns, a large commercial cave discovered in 1878 that features stalactites, stalagmites and flowstones. After a day exploring the attractions of the town and its surroundings, visitors can return to comfortable accommodations at one of the town's hotels.
Located in the center of Luray, eight miles from the start of the Skyline Drive, Mimsly Inn has been open since 1931 and offers 45 individually-decorated guestrooms. All rooms features beds with 300-count sheets, flat-screen televisions and complimentary wireless Internet access. The special Roosevelt Suites–named for the former President and his wife who once stayed there–feature oversized bathrooms with jetted tubs and mountain views.
The hotel has a seasonal outdoor pool, fitness center, spa and landscaped gardens, while the on-site restaurant, Circa '31, serves upscale Southern Cuisine.
The temperature in Luray, Virginia in April tends to be very predictable, so you can generally count on the forecast and travel light.
The temperature in Luray, Virginia in April is somewhat unpredictable, so be on the safe side and prepare for a variety of conditions.
The temperature in Luray, Virginia in April is highly unpredictable, so use the forecast as a guide, but be ready for anything!
Also located in the center of Luray, only a quarter-of-a-mile from the Luray Caverns, the Best Western offers 40 guestrooms, some with views of the Blue Ridge Mountains and all with satellite television and complimentary high-speed Internet access. The hotel has an outdoor heated swimming pool and a restaurant open for breakfast only. For other meals, there are several restaurants nearby, such as Brown's Chinese restaurant 300 meters away.
Located in the Shenandoah National Park, close to the highest point of the Skyline Drive, the Skyline Resort Hotel offers accommodations in 28 different buildings with options ranging from standard bedrooms to family cabins. There are 178 guestrooms in total, all with balconies offering views across Shenandoah Valley. Some rooms have satellite televisions. The resort's on-site restaurant is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner, serving regional specialties such as Pollock's Prime Rib of Beef and Baked Virginia Trout.
Page, Annie. "Luray, Virginia Hotels." Travel Tips - USA Today, https://traveltips.usatoday.com/luray-virginia-hotels-19853.html. Accessed 19 April 2019.


Swedish automotive outfit Volvo (VOLVY.PK) wowed the collective auto industry when it presented, at different times, its three new concepts that supposedly illustrate the future design language for the brand. Its lineup is aging, to say the least: The XC90 SUV has remained more or less the same for more than a decade now, and the XC70 wagon is in a similar boat. Volvo has needed new energy for some time, which made its new concepts all the more exciting.
As it turns out, Motor Authority is reporting that Volvo is planning for a new line of cars, classified by the 90 moniker. The gorgeous Concept Estate, which was revealed at this year's Geneva Motor Show, will apparently take on the role of a range-topping wagon called the V90, which will bump out the current V70. It will be based on the similar underpinnings and structure of the forthcoming XC90, which will likely be based on the Concept XC Coupe.
In addition to being more practical like the old V90s, Motor Authority believes the new V90 will be a far more luxurious approach to the segment, and "its cabin design and advanced powertrains will likely reflect that," according to the publication. It's likely that Volvo's four-cylinder units will stay under the hood, though a hybrid system is definitely a possibility.
An S90 sedan will also join the XC90 and the V90, bumping out the current S80 that has reigned supreme as Volvo's largest sedan for years. Whispers of a C90 coupe may also materialize, Motor Authority reports, which would likely be based on the stunning Concept Coupe from last year's Frankfurt Motor Show.
However, Volvo isn't dedicating itself solely to luxury vehicles. With the help of its Chinese parent company, Geely, Volvo will also be bringing some new entry-level vehicles to market to help diversify its lineup. Motor Authority cited a new C40 to replace the previous C30 hatchback, a next-generation V40, and a new XC40 compact crossover as potential new vehicles.
Volvo has been working on a lot more than just the outsides. Though it's been in development for years now, the company is still working on perfecting its KERS, or Kinetic Energy Recovery System, for mass-market use. Variants of the system can already be found in race cars, but it would be a first for everyday drivers. The system uses a flywheel to store energy that can be used to power the car later, and Volvo says it expects fuel savings of 25 percent or so as a result.
Together with its developing line of e-Drive engines (not hybrid-powered as one would think, but more fuel-efficient), Volvo is promising to have diverse set of powertrains to match the outward appearances of its new vehicles.


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text:
import {FxType} from '../fx-type';
import {Services} from '#service';
import {assertDoesNotContainDisplay} from '../../../../src/assert-display';
import {computedStyle, setStyles} from '#core/dom/style';
import {dev, devAssert, userAssert} from '../../../../src/log';

/**
 * These fully qualified names, my goodness.
 * @typedef {!../../../../src/service/position-observer/position-observer-worker.PositionInViewportEntryDef}
 */
let PositionObserverEntryDef;

/** @typedef {function(this:./fx-provider.FxElement, ?PositionObserverEntryDef)} */
let FxUpdateDef;

/** @typedef {{userAsserts: function(!Element):*, update: !FxUpdateDef}} */
let FxPresetDef;

/**
 * @param {!./fx-provider.FxElement} fxElement
 * @param {string} axis 'X' or 'Y' (uppercase)
 * @param {number} coeff 1 or -1
 */
function flyIn(fxElement, axis, coeff) {
  devAssert(axis == 'X' || axis == 'Y');
  devAssert(Math.abs(coeff) == 1);

  const element = dev().assertElement(fxElement.element);

  const axisIsX = axis == 'X';

  // Not using interpolation in the following assignment since closure compiles
  // to a leading, useless empty string.
  const flyInDistanceAsLength =
    coeff * fxElement.flyInDistance + (axisIsX ? 'vw' : 'vh');

  // only do this on the first element
  if (!fxElement.initialTrigger) {
    Services.mutatorForDoc(element).mutateElement(element, () => {
      const style = computedStyle(fxElement.win, element);
      const prop = axisIsX ? 'left' : 'top';
      const propAsLength = style[prop] === 'auto' ? '0px' : style[prop];
      const position =
        style.position === 'static' ? 'relative' : style.position;
      const styles = {
        position,
        visibility: 'visible',
      };
      styles[prop] = `calc(${propAsLength} - ${flyInDistanceAsLength})`;
      setStyles(element, assertDoesNotContainDisplay(styles));
    });
    fxElement.initialTrigger = true;
  }

  // If above the threshold of trigger-position, translate the element by
  // distance as [vw|vh].
  setStyles(element, {
    'transition-duration': fxElement.duration,
    'transition-timing-function': fxElement.easing,
    'transform': `translate${axis}(${flyInDistanceAsLength})`,
  });
}

/**
 * @param {!Element} element
 * @return {number} [data-margin-start] value
 */
function marginStartAsserts(element) {
  const marginStart = parseFloat(element.getAttribute('data-margin-start'));
  if (marginStart) {
    userAssert(
      marginStart >= 0 && marginStart <= 100,
      'data-margin-start must be a percentage value ' +
        'and be between 0% and 100% for: %s',
      element
    );
  }
  return marginStart;
}

/**
 * @param {?PositionObserverEntryDef} entry
 * @return {?number}
 */
function topFromPosObsEntryOrNull(entry) {
  return entry && entry.positionRect ? entry.positionRect.top : null;
}

/**
 * @param {?PositionObserverEntryDef} entry
 * @param {!./fx-provider.FxElement} fxElement
 * @param {number} coeff
 * @return {boolean}
 */
function isInViewportForTopAxis(entry, fxElement, coeff) {
  const top = topFromPosObsEntryOrNull(entry);
  devAssert(Math.abs(coeff) == 1);
  return (
    !!top &&
    top + (coeff * fxElement.viewportHeight * fxElement.flyInDistance) / 100 <=
      (1 - fxElement.marginStart) * fxElement.viewportHeight
  );
}

/**
 * @param {?PositionObserverEntryDef} entry
 * @param {!./fx-provider.FxElement} fxElement
 * @param {number=} opt_vh optional adjusted viewport height
 * @return {boolean}
 */
function isInViewportConsideringMargins(entry, fxElement, opt_vh) {
  const top = topFromPosObsEntryOrNull(entry);
  const vh = opt_vh !== undefined ? opt_vh : fxElement.viewportHeight;
  return !!top && top <= (1 - fxElement.marginStart) * vh;
}

/** @const {!Object<!FxType, !FxPresetDef>} */
export const Presets = {
  [FxType.PARALLAX]: {
    userAsserts(element) {
      const factorValue = userAssert(
        element.getAttribute('data-parallax-factor'),
        'data-parallax-factor=<number> attribute must be provided for: %s',
        element
      );
      userAssert(
        parseFloat(factorValue) > 0,
        'data-parallax-factor must be a number and greater than 0 for: %s',
        element
      );
    },
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      const top = topFromPosObsEntryOrNull(entry);
      devAssert(fxElement.adjustedViewportHeight);
      if (!top || top > fxElement.adjustedViewportHeight) {
        return;
      }

      // User provided factor is 1-based for easier understanding.
      // Also negating number since we are using tranformY so negative = upward,
      // positive = downward.
      const adjustedFactor = -(parseFloat(fxElement.factor) - 1);
      // Offset is how much extra to move the element which is position within
      // viewport times adjusted factor.
      const offset = (fxElement.adjustedViewportHeight - top) * adjustedFactor;
      fxElement.offset = offset;

      // If above the threshold of trigger-position
      // Translate the element offset pixels.
      setStyles(fxElement.element, {
        transform: `translateY(${fxElement.offset.toFixed(0)}px)`,
      });
    },
  },
  [FxType.FLY_IN_BOTTOM]: {
    userAsserts: marginStartAsserts,
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      devAssert(fxElement.viewportHeight);
      if (!isInViewportForTopAxis(entry, fxElement, /* coeff */ -1)) {
        return;
      }
      flyIn(fxElement, 'Y', /* coeff */ -1);
    },
  },
  [FxType.FLY_IN_LEFT]: {
    userAsserts: marginStartAsserts,
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      devAssert(fxElement.viewportHeight);
      if (!isInViewportConsideringMargins(entry, fxElement)) {
        return;
      }
      flyIn(fxElement, 'X', /* coeff */ 1);
    },
  },
  [FxType.FLY_IN_RIGHT]: {
    userAsserts: marginStartAsserts,
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      devAssert(fxElement.viewportHeight);
      if (!isInViewportConsideringMargins(entry, fxElement)) {
        return;
      }
      flyIn(fxElement, 'X', /* coeff */ -1);
    },
  },
  [FxType.FLY_IN_TOP]: {
    userAsserts: marginStartAsserts,
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      devAssert(fxElement.viewportHeight);
      if (!isInViewportForTopAxis(entry, fxElement, /* coeff */ 1)) {
        return;
      }
      flyIn(fxElement, 'Y', /* coeff */ 1);
    },
  },
  [FxType.FADE_IN]: {
    userAsserts: marginStartAsserts,
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      devAssert(fxElement.viewportHeight);
      if (!isInViewportConsideringMargins(entry, fxElement)) {
        return;
      }

      // If above the threshold of trigger-position
      // Translate the element offset pixels.
      setStyles(fxElement.element, {
        'transition-duration': fxElement.duration,
        'transition-timing-function': fxElement.easing,
        'opacity': 1,
      });
    },
  },
  [FxType.FADE_IN_SCROLL]: {
    userAsserts(element) {
      const marginStart = marginStartAsserts(element);
      const marginEnd = parseFloat(element.getAttribute('data-margin-end'));

      if (!marginEnd) {
        return;
      }

      userAssert(
        marginEnd >= 0 && marginEnd <= 100,
        'data-margin-end must be a percentage value ' +
          'and be between 0% and 100% for: %s',
        element
      );

      userAssert(
        marginEnd > marginStart,
        'data-margin-end must be greater than data-margin-start for: %s',
        element
      );
    },
    update(entry) {
      const fxElement = this;
      const {marginStart, viewportHeight} = fxElement;
      devAssert(fxElement.adjustedViewportHeight);

      if (
        !isInViewportConsideringMargins(
          entry,
          fxElement,
          fxElement.adjustedViewportHeight
        )
      ) {
        return;
      }

      // Early exit if the animation doesn't need to repeat and it is fully
      // opaque.
      if (!fxElement.hasRepeat && fxElement.offset >= 1) {
        return;
      }
      const top = topFromPosObsEntryOrNull(entry);
      // Translate the element offset pixels.
      const marginDelta = fxElement.marginEnd - marginStart;
      // Offset is how much extra to move the element which is position within
      // viewport times adjusted factor.
      const offset =
        (1 * (viewportHeight - top - marginStart * viewportHeight)) /
        (marginDelta * viewportHeight);
      fxElement.offset = offset;

      // If above the threshold of trigger-position
      // Translate the element offset pixels.
      setStyles(fxElement.element, {opacity: fxElement.offset});
    },
  },
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
class Application : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Application(QObject *parent = 0);

private:
    Database db;

signals:

public slots:

private slots:

};

#endif // APPLICATION_H


text:
Formula: C3H4
InChI=1S/C3H4/c1-3-2/h1-2H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Other names: Propadiene; 1,2-Propadiene; sym-Allylene; Dimethylenemethane; CH2=C=CH2; Propa-1,2-diene
C3H3- + =
By formula: C3H3- + H+ = C3H4
rH° 1590. ± 8.4 kJ/mol D-EA Robinson, Polak, et al., 1995 gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B
rH° 1596. ± 13. kJ/mol G+TS Robinson, Polak, et al., 1995 gas phase; Relative to MeOH at 375.0; kinetic scheme factors in isomerization; B
rH° 1592. ± 8.8 kJ/mol D-EA Oakes and Ellison, 1983 gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B
rG° 1560. ± 13. kJ/mol IMRE Robinson, Polak, et al., 1995 gas phase; Relative to MeOH at 375.0; kinetic scheme factors in isomerization; B
rG° 1556. ± 9.2 kJ/mol H-TS Oakes and Ellison, 1983 gas phase; Neutral acid: allene. Propyne would be 1.0 kcal/mol less acidic.; B
By formula: 2H2 + C3H4 = C3H8
rH° -295.1 ± 1.0 kJ/mol Chyd Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936 gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -298.2 ± 0.84 kJ/mol; At 355 °K; ALS
(CAS Reg. No. 86046-90-4 4294967295 ) + = CAS Reg. No. 86046-90-4
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 86046-90-4 4294967295C3H4) + C3H4 = CAS Reg. No. 86046-90-4
rH° 62. ± 15. kJ/mol Ther Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
rH° 106. ± 10. kJ/mol N/A Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
(CAS Reg. No. 1724-46-5 4294967295 ) + = CAS Reg. No. 1724-46-5
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 1724-46-5 4294967295C3H4) + C3H4 = CAS Reg. No. 1724-46-5
rH° 210. ± 9.2 kJ/mol N/A Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
By formula: C3H4 = C3H4
rH° -3.8 ± 2.1 kJ/mol Cm Cordes and Gunzler, 1959 gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -3.4 kJ/mol; ALS
rH° 111. ± 39. kJ/mol Ther Bartmess and Burnham, 1984 gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH; B
Rh+ + = (Rh+ )
By formula: Rh+ + C3H4 = (Rh+ C3H4)
Enthalpy of reaction
rH° (kJ/mol)
222. (+19.,-0.) CID Chen and Armetrout, 1995 gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
By formula: Cr+ + C3H4 = (Cr+ C3H4)
rH° 176. ± 8.4 kJ/mol CIDT Fisher and Armentrout, 1992 propyne or allene; RCD
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes
Robinson, Polak, et al., 1995
Robinson, M.S.; Polak, M.L.; Bierbaum, V.M.; DePuy, C.H.; Lineberger, W.C., Experimental Studies of Allene, Methylacetylene, and the Propargyl Radical: Bond Dissociation Energies, Gas-Phase Acidities, and Ion-Molecule Chemistry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 25, 6766, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a017 . [all data]
Oakes and Ellison, 1983
Oakes, J.M.; Ellison, B.G., Photoelectron spectroscopy of the allenyl anion CH2=C=CH-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2969. [all data]
Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. IV. Hydrogenation of some dienes and of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 146-153. [all data]
Bartmess and Burnham, 1984
Bartmess, J.E.; Burnham, R., Effect of central substituents on the gas phase acidities of propenes, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1382. [all data]
Cordes and Gunzler, 1959
Cordes, J.F.; Gunzler, H., Das propin/propadien-gleichgewicht, Chem. Ber., 1959, 92, 1055-1062. [all data]
Chen and Armetrout, 1995
Chen, Y.M.; Armetrout, P.B., Activation of C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by Gas-Phase Rh+ and the Thermochemistry of Rh-Ligand Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 36, 9291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a022 . [all data]
Fisher and Armentrout, 1992
Fisher, E.R.; Armentrout, P.B., Activation of Alkanes by Cr+: Unique Reactivity of Ground-State Cr+(6S) and Thermochemistry of Neutral and Ionic Chromium-Carbon Bonds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 6, 2039, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a017 . [all data]
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References


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text:
Hybrid lenses offer high performance at low cost
Sharp zone boundaries and smooth blaze surfaces yield high-efficiency diffractive/refractive systems that can outperform conventional achromats.
Gary Blough and G. Michael Morris
Diffractive optics is a technology that provides new and exciting degrees of freedom in the design and optimization of optical systems. Using diffractive optics, one can achromatize optical systems with a single, economical refractive material such as acrylic plastic or common crown glass; create aspheric wavefronts without aspheric surfaces; eliminate the need for exotic and expensive flint-type materials; produce high-performance, large-aperture, lightweight optical components; produce precision micro-optics; and reduce the weight, complexity, and cost of a variety of optical systems.
A typical surface-relief diffractive lens consists of concentric annular zones (see Fig. 1). It is useful sometimes to think of a diffractive lens as a `modulo 2` lens: at any given radius along the lens, all of the multiple 2 phase changes in the wavefront of the corresponding refractive lens have been removed. The radius of the mth zone boundary, rm, is defined by
F(rm) = 2 m
where F(r) is the desired phase profile for the lens. These are called full-period zones. In general, the phase function associated with a symmetric lens is given by
F(r) = Ar2 + Gr4 + Hr6 + ...
where A = /(l0F) , l0 is the design or center wavelength, F is the principal focus length of the lens at l = l0, and G and H are associated with aspheric coefficients of the emerging wavefront.
To construct the appropriate surface-relief profile, one starts at the center of the lens, moving radially outward from the center. In general, the surface of the lens is traced until the optical phase difference reaches a value of 2. At that point the surface-relief structure jumps abruptly back to the center height hmax = l0/(n(l0) -1), where n(l0) is the index of refraction of the lens material at wavelength l0. The profile resumes tracing the surface of the refractive lens until the optical phase difference once again reaches a value of 2, at which point the structure returns to height hmax. This cycle is continued until the edge of the refractive lens is reached. The construction process gives rise to a blazed-zone-plate-type structure consisting of a series of zones that represent the required phase transformation. Note that for operation at visible wavelengths, hmax is typically about 1 µm, and zone spacing ranges from tens to hundreds of micrometers.
The spacing of the various zones in a diffractive lens determines the set of possible foci, or diffractive orders, and shapes the emerging wavefront. The blaze profile within each zone determines how the incident light is distributed among these foci. For most applications, the lens designer tries to maximize the amount of light that goes into a given diffractive order (typically the first). Based on scalar-diffraction-theory predictions, one can use a polynomial blaze profile to direct all of the incident radiation at design wavelength l0 into the primary focus, achieving a diffraction efficiency of 100% (see Fig. 1). A linear-blaze profile can produce diffraction efficiencies approaching 99%. A phase-reversal or binary lens directs 40.5% of the incident light into the +1 diffractive order and 40.5% into the -1 diffractive order. Four-level and eight-level approximations to the polynomial phase profile yield diffraction efficiencies of h = 81% and 95%, respectively, in the first diffractive order at the design wavelength.
Fabrication of diffractive optical elements
To date, widespread use of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) has been limited by the effects associated with scattered light. Scattering associated with DOEs is classified as either structured or statistical. Structured scattering occurs when light is distributed into unwanted diffractive orders, while statistical scattering refers to random scattering caused by surface roughness.
To produce a surface-relief DOE, a precision surface-relief master element is fabricated and used to create large quantities of replicas. Tooling costs for surface-relief DOEs are similar to those found with plastic-injection-molding processes; cost savings are achieved through replication or molding. With a suitable process, one can manufacture tens of thousands of elements based on a single master.
High-quality DOEs are produced by shaping or micromachining the required surface profile into some substrate material. To achieve high diffraction efficiency, the edge step at each zone boundary has to be extremely sharp and the surface profile within each zone must be smoothly shaped, or blazed, to avoid statistical scattering. The need for sharp edges and smooth blazed surfaces places stringent and somewhat incompatible requirements on the fabrication processes used to make the surface-relief master.
The primary methods developed to produce the surface-relief diffractive master are optical and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography, single-point laser pattern generation (LPG), and single-point diamond turning (SPDT). With optical and e-beam lithography, a set of lithographic masks are used to create a staircase approximation to the desired surface profile (see Fig. 1). Elements produced via this multistep fabrication process are referred to as binary optics because each step in the process is binary in nature. Limiting factors in the diffraction efficiency of DOEs produced by the binary-optics approach are the number of steps within each zone and the accuracy of the mask alignment in each phase of the fabrication process.
Single-point laser pattern generators are capable of producing both binary and continuous blaze surface-relief DOEs. With LPG, a laser beam focused down to a spot diameter of approximately 0.5 µm is used to expose a thin layer of photoresist. To generate a continuous blaze structure, the intensity of the laser is varied as the beam is translated across the surface. The surface-relief pattern obtained when the photoresist is developed is used to produce a positive or negative master suitable for the replication process of choice. The surface finish of parts generated by LPG is excellent. The main limiting factor in the diffraction efficiency of these DOEs is the rounding of edges at the zone boundaries caused by the finite size of the focused Gaussian laser beam. Peak diffraction efficiencies for these DOEs range between 93% and 95%.
Single-point diamond turning skirts the rounding issues of LPG while avoiding the binary nature of lithographic techniques. At Rochester Photonics Corp. (RPC, Rochester, NY), we have been able to use SPDT to realize the sharp zone boundaries and smooth, continuous blaze surfaces necessary to achieve high diffraction efficiency with proper tool design and process control. DOEs produced by this method exhibit diffraction efficiencies ranging consistently between 97% and 99% at the design wavelength, with measured blaze-surface rms roughnesses of approximately 40 Å. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest diffraction efficiencies achieved for visible-light DOEs.
Advantages of hybrid lenses
A conventional refractive achromat consists of two different glass types, crown and flint, that bring two wavelengths to a common focal point. The powers of the constitutive crown and flint elements are typically 1.5 to 2.5 times greater than that of the combination, which implies steep surface curvatures and makes it difficult to produce low-f-number achromats.
In essence, a diffractive lens can be used as a replacement for the flint-glass materials in a vast majority of broadband optical systems, for example, allowing designers to achromatize an optical system with only a single type of glass or plastic. Such a hybrid refractive/diffractive lens offers performance as good or better than conventional doublets, while exhibiting all of the advantages of diffractive optics.
Unlike conventional achromats, the optical power of both the diffractive and refractive lens elements in a hybrid system is positive, reducing the surface curvature of the refractive element and allowing the production of low-f-number achromats. In addition, the weight of a hybrid achromat is typically only one-half to one-third that of the corresponding conventional achromat. Because one can eliminate expensive and difficult-to-work flint-type materials from the system and use only a single, low-cost, crown-type glass for the refractive portion of the lens, hybrid lenses offer significant cost savings. Also, the diffractive lens can be fabricated directly onto the surface of the refractive element, simplifying mounting and assembly requirements and providing additional cost savings.
In a hybrid achromat produced at RPC, the refractive portion of the lens is a plano-convex BK7 glass singlet (see table on p. 69). The diffractive element has been replicated in a thin (10 µm) layer of ultraviolet-cured epoxy on the plano side of the refractive lens. The master was produced by SPDT, and the phase coefficients were optimized with a commercial lens-design program. The DOE provides color correction for the lens while correcting for the spherical aberration introduced by the refractive element. Measurements of the surface profile of the replicated lens show sharp edges at the zone boundaries and smooth blaze surfaces; the rms surface roughness for this lens is approximately 40 Å (see Fig. 2).
White-light images of a resolution bar target were obtained using a refractive plano-convex singlet, a diffractive/ refractive hybrid achromat with 87% diffractive efficiency at design wavelength (l0 = 558.5 nm), a hybrid achromat with 98% diffractive efficiency at design wavelength, and a conventional refractive doublet (see Fig. 3). The image blur for the singlet is primarily due to chromatic and spherical aberration. The reduced contrast of the image produced by the lower-efficiency diffractive/ refractive achromat compared to that of the higher-efficiency hybrid is caused mainly by structured scatter of incident light (approximately 10%) into other diffractive orders. Comparison of the images produced by the high-efficiency hybrid and conventional refractive achromats reveals only a slight decrease in contrast from the hybrid lens. Our findings suggest that to obtain acceptable performance for visible light applications, the diffraction efficiency of a DOE at the design wavelength must be greater than 95%.
The modulation transfer functions (MTFs) at design wavelength for the four lenses discussed above provide a more-quantitative assessment of system performance (see Fig. 4). The decreased frequency response of the refractive singlet is due primarily to spherical aberration. The correction for both color and spherical aberration offered by the moderate (87%) to high (98%) efficiency hybrid lenses dramatically improves the MTFs for these systems. Note that the diffraction efficiency serves as a scale factor for the MTF curves of the hybrids; the light shifted out of the primary diffracted order has an effect similar to veiling glare, reducing image contrast.
Comparison of the MTFs for the hybrid lens and the conventional doublet reveals that the achromat incorporating the DOE offers improved performance over a broad range of spatial frequencies. The MTF of the high-diffraction-efficiency lens drops to 0.5 at approximately 125 mm-1, whereas that of the conventional achromat lens drops to 0.5 at 75 mm-1.
High-efficiency hybrid diffractive/ refractive systems offer advantages in a wide variety of applications including visible-wavelength optical systems, laser systems, infrared imaging and sensors, head-mounted displays, and micro-optics. Hybrid systems achieve better performance at lower cost than conventional refractive designs, often providing solutions that cannot be achieved with conventional systems. Given the recent breakthroughs in performance, the future for diffractive optics technology is indeed bright. n
Special thanks to Robert Michaels and Steven Mack at Rochester Photonics for assistance with the laboratory measurements.
Click here to enlarge image
Peter Emmel demonstrates operation of diffractive phase plates for spot-array generation.
FIGURE 1. Diffractive optical elements offer advantages over purely refractive lenses. A continuous polynomial blaze profile offers the best performance, followed by the linear blaze profile. The efficiency of a phase-reversal, or binary, profile improves as more levels are added to the approximation.
FIGURE 2. Surface profile of a section of a diffractive-lens element shows sharp zonal edges combined with smooth interzonal surfaces--surface characteristics that result in high diffractive efficiency.
FIGURE 3. White-light images of resolution bar targets taken with a plano-convex refractive singlet (a), a diffractive/refractive hybrid lens with 87% diffractive efficiency (b), a hybrid lens with 98% diffractive efficiency (c), and a conventional refractive achromat (d) demonstrate that the high-efficiency hybrid lens offers performance comparable to the more expensive doublet.
FIGURE 4. Modulation-transfer-function (MTF) curves measured at design wavelength
(l0 = 558.5 nm) for a plano-convex refractive singlet (a), a diffractive/refractive hybrid lens with 87% diffractive efficiency (b), a hybrid lens with 98% diffractive efficiency (c), and a conventional refractive achromat (d) show improved performance of the hybrid system over the conventional achromat for a broad range of spatial frequencies.


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Cougar Town Season 2 Episode 22
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When Travis abruptly moves to Hawaii, the gang go after him and decide to spend their vacation there too. As Jules struggles with Travis' choice, Grayson tells her he's keen on having kids. Meanwhile, Bobby acts as Ellie and Andy's vacation surrogate, and Laurie hatches a plan to lure Travis back home.
Serie: Cougar Town
Director: Bill Lawrence
Guest Star: Bob Clendenin, Brian Van Holt, Busy Philipps, Christa Miller, Courteney Cox, Dan Byrd, Ian Gomez, Josh Hopkins
Episode Title: Something Good Coming (2)
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The Highs and Lows of CAD Hardware (Cadalyst's 25th Anniversary Celebration, Part 3 of 5)
31 May, 2008 By: Ron LaFon
Cadalyst's Ron LaFon takes a look at the myriad advancements of computer-related hardware during the past 25 years.
When I first sat down at a computer in the early 1980s, the system in front of me was about as far removed as possible from the computers I use today. That first system was an Apple II computer, and my task was to figure out if it could be used to typeset a book for the publishing company that employed me.
It was a daunting but intriguing experience, and in those days there were very few people I could ask for help or advice, so I had to figure it out largely by myself. After a few stumbles, I managed to insert all the appropriate codes in the document, put it on a floppy disk, and send it off to the service bureau. I got back beautiful 2450 dpi typeset output — which was then cut up and pasted on boards to create the book layout.
That old Apple gave way to a clone of the newly introduced IBM XT that would begin to revolutionize these machines, and they would come to dominate our desktops (figure 1). Interesting software, such as spreadsheet and database applications, began to appear, and Autodesk, an upstart company, brought CAD from high-end computer systems to these new desktop computers. Around that time, the IBM Personal Computer AT was introduced with the 80286 processor, which allowed for a whopping 15 MB of memory (figure 2). For those who think RAM is expensive these days, I remember adding a 2 MB expansion RAM card to my then-current system for the better part of $1,000.
Figure 1. The IBM PC XT. (Courtesy of IBM Archives)
With the ever-increasing sophistication of software, graphic applications started to come into their own. I remember the excitement of actually seeing color displays — the EGA graphics cards introduced by IBM in 1984 for the PC-AT computer provided 16 colors at resolutions as high as 640 x 350 pixels. With EGA, each of the 16 colors could be assigned a unique RGB color code by a palette mechanism.
Figure 2. The IBM PC AT had more than 15 MB maximum memory, thanks to the 24-bit address bus of the 286 processor. (Courtesy of IBM Archives)
The introduction of VGA in 1987 made EGA obsolete, but in its day it was a remarkable innovation. NEC was there at the beginning with its MultiSync monitors (figure 3), and the more capable systems typically would have a 286-based processor coupled with an EGA graphics card displaying on a NEC MultiSync display.
Figure 3. MultiSync monitors, circa 1985. (Courtesy of NEC Display Solutions)
Printing from your computer also was undergoing a revolution. Dot-matrix and line printers were the order of the day until Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP LaserJet. Capable of clean output (fused toner instead of ink) and high resolutions (300 dpi), the HP LaserJet revolutionized printing.
Laser printers would grow in sophistication, eventually allowing duplex printing, higher printing resolutions, and even color laser output. Ink-jet printers made their appearance in the 1980s, making color printing both feasible and affordable for desktop users, and now color laser printers are becoming affordable and more mainstream.
Evolution of Storage
With the growing power and increasingly larger hard drives that were appearing in systems, the 5.25" and 3.5" floppy drives soon became inadequate for storing and transferring files, so a number of devices began to appear on desktop systems. Digital audio tape (DAT) drives became a popular, if pricey, means of doing system backups, and optical cartridges drives, such as those by Pioneer, became a costly means of storing data off the system. I used to have such a drive, and it worked well when it wasn't in the repair shop. Cartridges were approximately $125 in the dollars of those days. The market was obviously ready for the writable CD and DVDs that were soon to transform the media-storage market.
If you wanted to get a data file to a colleague across the country, you could send it via mail or send it through the telephone lines via a modem. Early on you were limited to 300 baud modems, which soon gave way to 1,200 baud, 2,400 baud, and then 5,600 baud models from vendors such as Hayes and US Robotics. Small wonder that broadband communications helped the Internet take off and develop to the level of graphical sophistication we know today.
In the early 1980s, the PC operating system of choice was one or another flavor of DOS (disk operating system), usually from either IBM or that upstart Microsoft. Then came Windows riding on top of DOS and then subsuming DOS entirely to be an operating system in its own right, and the graphical interface and mouse became a common way of interacting with IBM-compatible PCs.
A system running an early version of AutoCAD typically had at least a 12" x 12" digitizing tablet alongside the monitor; a folded AutoCAD template was included with early versions of AutoCAD just to use on these input devices. IBM briefly marketed a sophisticated operating system called OS/2 that was an accomplished competitor for MS Windows. Microsoft Windows was, and still is, a juggernaut. Love it or hate it, it's the operating system you'll find on most computers these days in one version or another.
The dream systems envisioned by users when Cadalyst appeared during the mid-1980s had a way of becoming the standard desktop systems in fairly short order. The staggering pace of technology during this time made it all possible and secured for the PC a central place for everything from business operations to design studios. My early efforts at typesetting a book became much more easily accomplished with page-layout software such as PageMaker, Quark Xpress, and Adobe InDesign.
An Eye on the Future
Since I began writing for Cadalyst in the mid-1980s, things have certainly changed, and often in ways that were unimaginable in the early days of the publication. I watched as the systems being tested progressed from benchmarks that chugged along slowly, often with each step of the running script being all too painfully visible, to fully mapped objects that move and transition faster than the eye can follow — even dizzyingly at times. Having seen these transitions in hardware and its capabilities firsthand over the years, I naturally wonder what the next 25 years will bring.
I'm reminded how inaccurate projections of the future can be in looking at Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey. While it was predicting a future some 33 years ahead, by the time 2001 actually did roll around, the folly of predicting the future was at times painfully obvious. My computer, while a true workhorse, doesn't speak to me; TWA no longer exists as a transportation carrier; and the telecommunication displays and computer graphics are a lot more sophisticated than anticipated by the movie.
Whatever does come next in terms of computer hardware, it will no doubt be as amazing as what has come during the past 25 years, perhaps even more so.
About the Author: Ron LaFon
About Ron LaFon
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