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Justia Patents Multilayer (continuous Layer)US Patent for Polymer composition for insulation layer of power cable, insulation layer including the same and power cable including the same Patent (Patent # 10,696,835)
Polymer composition for insulation layer of power cable, insulation layer including the same and power cable including the same
Sep 6, 2018 - HUINNOVATION CO., LTD.
Disclosed is an eco-friendly polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables having a morphology in which a second phase substance of polypropylene composite is dispersed in a first phase substance of polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene composite of the second phase substance has a morphology in which an at least partially cured elastomer is dispersed as a filler in a matrix of polypropylene.
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The present invention relates to an eco-friendly polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables that exhibits electrical, mechanical and thermal properties required for the insulation layer of power cables and, due to a new morphology thereof, provides flexibility, bendability, impact resistance and the like, and furthermore has considerably improved remoldability (reformability) for recycling of materials.
BACKGROUND ART
In modern society, increased electricity demand has brought about increased demand for power cables. In response to this trend, power cables to transport high-capacity power have been actively developed.
In general, a power cable includes a conductor and an insulation layer surrounding the conductor. A high- or super-high-voltage cable may further include an inner semiconductor layer between the conductor and the insulation layer, an outer semiconductor layer surrounding the insulation layer, a sheath layer surrounding the outer semiconductor layer, and the like. The power cable is a consumable product which is used for a given period of time and then disposed. As conventional insulation materials for power cables, crosslinked substances of polyolefin-based polymers such as polyethylene, ethylene/propylene elastomeric copolymers (ethylene/propylene rubbers, EPR) and ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers (EPDM) that have excellent mechanical and electrical properties are generally used.
However, in order to recycle copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al), which are conductors of cables which occupy most of production cost, it is necessary to remove insulation layers that fail to satisfy requirements after production of cables or insulation layers of used cables. However, crosslinked polyethylene (crosslinked PE:XLPE) used as an insulation layer is removed by incineration upon disposal of used cables because reforming (remolding) of XLPE is impossible. At this time, a great amount of CO2 is generated and the burned ash should be buried in landfill, which causes an environmental problem. In addition, so as to produce XLPE cables, a crosslinkage process at high temperature and at high pressure (for example, about 300° C., 7 atm or the like) is required after cable forming (molding). For this purpose, several tens of meters or more of curing tubes should be introduced, which requires considerable production facility site and power costs. Furthermore, addition of expensive chemical substances (crosslinking agents or the like) is necessary for crosslinkage, which disadvantageously results in increased production costs and waste of resources.
Accordingly, a variety of attempts to solve these problems have been made. Some prior art suggests use, as an insulation material, of a composition in which propylene copolymer particles are dispersed in polypropylene as a matrix. In accordance with this technology, an eco-friendly polypropylene resin is used because the polypropylene matrix has a melting point of 150° C. or higher and thus provides excellent heat resistance even without crosslinkage. In addition, in order to improve insufficient flexibility, bendability and the like, which are drawbacks of the polypropylene resin, a composition in which a propylene copolymer having a predetermined mean weight particle size is dispersed in the polypropylene matrix is used as an insulation material. Cable products can be manufactured immediately after molding (forming) cables, without an additional crosslinkage process, which causes considerable reduction of production costs and enables insulation layers that fail to satisfy requirements after production of cables to be recycled by separating and then reforming the insulation layers.
However, the composition has insufficient flexibility and bendability, for example, undergoes a phenomenon, called "stress whitening (blush)", upon bending of power cables or application of external mechanical stress and tension.
In addition, there is a limitation of low remoldability due to high melting point or the like during a reforming process to recycle used power cables or defective power cable products.
Accordingly, there is an increasing need for polymer compositions for an insulation layer of power cables that satisfy basic properties such as flexibility and bendability comparable to XLPE such that the polymer compositions can replace XLPE, and has excellent remoldability.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above and other technical problems that have yet to be resolved.
As described later, the present invention is completed based on the finding that, since the polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables according to the present invention has a morphology in which a second phase substance of polypropylene composite having a certain morphology is dispersed in a first phase substance of polypropylene, it can provide excellent flexibility and bendability upon bending of power cables or application of external mechanical stress and tension, and in particular, can provide excellent remoldability (reformability) for recycling or reuse of materials.
Technical Solution
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, provided is a polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables having a morphology in which a second phase substance of polypropylene composite is dispersed in a first phase substance of polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene composite of the second phase substance has a morphology in which an at least partially cured elastomer is dispersed as a filler in a matrix of propylene.
That is, the polymer composition according to the present invention can provide excellent elasticity as compared to conventional fillers (dispersed phase) and thus impart a desired level of elasticity to power cables, because the filler dispersed in the matrix in the polypropylene composite of the second phase substance includes an elastomer.
In addition, the polypropylene of the first phase substance and the polypropylene matrix of the second phase substance include the same polymer, i.e., polypropylene, thus providing considerably excellent compatibility. That is, since there is excellent compatibility between the first and second phases, and a great amount of filler with a considerably small particle diameter dispersed in the second phase is distributed, flexibility and bendability are considerably superior due to excellent elasticity of dispersed phase fillers. As a result, it is possible to considerably reduce the phenomenon of stress whitening (blush) upon bending of power cables or application of external mechanical stress and tension.
Furthermore, since a cured filler having a dispersed phase is present in a considerably small size in the matrix polypropylene of the second phase, although the dispersed-phase filler is cured, it shows similar behaviors to flowability of the matrix polypropylene and thus provides excellent remoldability upon melting for recycling or reuse.
Effects of the Invention
As described above, the polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables according to the present invention has a morphology in which a second phase substance of polypropylene composite having a certain morphology is dispersed in a first phase substance of polypropylene, thus providing excellent flexibility and bendability upon bending of power cables or application of external mechanical stress and tension, and in particular, excellent remoldability (reformability) for recycling or reuse of materials.
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an SEM image showing results of an elution test of Example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image showing results of an elution test of Example 2; and
FIG. 3 is an SEM image showing results of an elution test of Comparative Example 1.
BEST MODE
In a specific embodiment, the polypropylene of the first phase substance and the polypropylene of the second phase substance may be partially or fully (entirely) mixed at the interface therebetween. Preferably, the polypropylene of the first phase substance is fully (entirely) mixed with the polypropylene of the second phase substance at the interface therebetween, thus providing excellent flexibility and bendability, and superior remoldability.
The polypropylene of the first phase substance and the polypropylene of the second phase substance may be, preferably, homo-polypropylene, which is a single polymer of propylene, or in some cases, be a polymer based on a combined monomer further including a small amount of other monomer, in addition to propylene. Here, the homo-polypropylene means polypropylene including a propylene monomer in an amount of at least 98% by weight, preferably 99% by weight or more, most preferably 99.5% by weight. Meanwhile, the combined monomer may include a monomer selected from ethylene and C4 to C8 α-olefin, for example, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and a combination thereof. This monomer may be added in an amount of not more than 10% by weight in total to synthesize the polymer.
For example, the polypropylene may have a molecular weight of 10,000 to 900,000, based on number average molecular weight, and the molecular weight of the polypropylene of the first phase substance may be the same as or different from the molecular weight of the polypropylene of the second phase substance. When the polypropylene of the first phase substance and the polypropylene of the second phase substance have the same or similar molecular weights, better miscibility can be provided at the interface between the first and second phase substances. Although the first and second phase substances have different molecular weights, the difference in molecular weight therebetween is preferably 40% or less so as to provide at least partial mixing.
A ratio of the first phase substance to the second phase substance is preferably 1:9 to 5:5 on a weight basis. When the ratio is not within the range, it may difficult to exert effects of physical properties desired by the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, the elastomer, which is a dispersed-phase of the second phase substance, may be an EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber). The EPDM rubber may include EPDM in an amount of 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, based on the total weight. In the preparation process, some of polypropylene, process oil, clay, ZnO, calcium stearate (Ca-st), wax or the like may be added.
The EPDM rubber may be partially or fully cured. The curing of EPDM rubber is determined by a crosslinking rate of diene units contained in EPDM. A crosslinking rate of 10% to 60% may be determined as "partial cured" and a crosslinking rate of more than 60% may be determined as "full cured". The dispersed-phase filler is preferably fully cured, because full curing provides better mechanical properties including elasticity than partial curing.
The curing of EPDM rubber is carried out in the process of preparing the second phase substance as described below.
In a specific embodiment, the second phase substance may include a dispersed-phase elastomer and polypropylene as a matrix in a weight ratio of 6:4 to 9:1 (elastomer:polypropylene) and may further include clay, wax, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking aid, TiO2, a process oil or the like in an amount of 40% or less, based on the total weight of the second phase substance in the process of preparing the same.
As described above, the elastomer acting as a dispersed-phase filler in the second phase substance has a considerably small particle diameter, for example, a mean particle diameter of 30 Å to 100 Å. When the mean particle diameter is excessively large, it may be difficult to sufficiently provide properties of polypropylene as the matrix due to the elastomer present as a main ingredient in the second phase substance. Accordingly, a smaller mean particle diameter provides advantages in terms of various physical properties such as elasticity, but entails considerable difficulty in production. Thus, the mean particle diameter is preferably within this range defined above.
In a specific embodiment, the polymer composition according to the present invention can be prepared by blending the first phase substance and the second phase substance, which are separately prepared. As such, a unique morphology defined by the present invention can be imparted to the polymer composition, since the polymer composition is prepared by separately preparing the first phase substance and the second phase substance and then blending the first phase substance with the second phase substance.
For example, a process of preparing a second phase substance in which the elastomer is an EPDM rubber will be described below.
First, EPDM and polypropylene are added in a predetermined ratio (for example, 80 wt % or more of EPDM) to a kneader, a process oil, clay, ZnO, calcium stearate, wax or the like are added thereto, a jacket temperature is elevated to 180° C. or more, and these ingredients are mixed for a predetermined period of time and then dumped and produced into pellets in an extruder. The moisture left after pelletization is removed and the pellets are surface-treated in a tumbler to prevent adherence between EPDM master batches and thereby to produce final EPDM master batches. At this time, when the kneader temperature is higher than 200° C., color change occurs. Thus, the kneading is preferably carried out at about 190° C. for a kneading time of 20 minutes or less, to prevent color change. The processing time in the tumbler is preferably sufficient, i.e., 10 minutes or longer, to prevent agglomeration between pellets.
Then, the EPDM master batches and polypropylene are mixed with a crosslinking agent or the like in a predetermined ratio in a twin-screw extruder, the resulting mixture is added through a feeder and then a crosslinking aid or the like is added in the middle of the extruder through a side feeder, if necessary, a process oil and the like is added in the middle of the extruder through a liquid feeder and then extrusion is conducted. In this case as well, the extruder temperature is preferably 200° C. or less.
In this preparation process, the EPDM master batch is cured while maintaining the filler shape in the polypropylene matrix and then converted into EPDM rubber. Depending on the type of crosslinking agent, curing degree can be determined. For example, when a peroxide-based crosslinking agent is used, partial curing is carried out and, when a phenol resin-based crosslinking agent is used, full curing is carried out.
The second phase substance thus prepared is blended with the first phase substance to prepare the composition of the present invention.
The present invention also provides a cable insulation layer including the polymer composition and a power cable produced from the cable insulation layer.
The polymer composition may be present in the cable insulation layer in an amount of 15% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the power cable insulation layer. When the polymer composition is present in an amount of less than 15% by weight, the power cable insulation layer cannot accomplish the desired effects of the present invention. Preferably, the polymer composition is present in an amount of 25% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more.
There is no limitation as to type of polymer or the like other than the polymer composition that may be included in the power cable insulation layer so long as it can constitute a cable insulation layer that satisfies effects to be accomplished by the present invention, that is, is eco-friendly, recyclable and remoldable, while maintaining thermal, electrical and functional properties.
In a specific embodiment, the polymer that can be included in the power cable insulation layer may be a thermoplastic polymer, for example, polyethylene. The added polyethylene may change mechanical properties of the cable insulation layer. For example, when impact strength and resistance to ductility or the like needs to be further improved, this can be accomplished by incorporation of suitable polyethylene.
If necessary, the polymer composition may further include one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of an insulation oil, an antioxidant, an impact modifier, a flame retardant agent, a heat stabilizer, a nucleating agent and an acid scavenger.
In general, a power cable includes a conductor and an insulation layer surrounding the conductor. A high- or super-high-voltage cable may further include an inner semiconductor layer between the conductor and the insulation layer, an outer semiconductor layer surrounding the insulation layer, a sheath layer surrounding the outer semiconductor layer, and the like. The present invention provides an insulation layer, as an insulation material, including the polymer composition according to the present invention and a power cable including the insulation layer.
Now, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and the like. These examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
An oil-containing EPDM (Mooney viscosity: (1+4, 125° C.) 53, ethylene content: 70 wt %, ENB content: 5.7 wt %, oil content: 50 phr) and homo-polypropylene were added in a ratio (weight ratio) of 5:1 to a kneader, mixed at a temperature of 190° C. for 15 minutes and then pelletized in an extruder. At this time, the extruder temperature was 170 to 210° C. and the die temperature was 260° C. The pellets were treated with Ca-st in a tumbler for 15 minutes to prevent adhesion therebetween.
80 wt % of the EPDM pellets thus prepared, 3.5 wt % of homo-polypropylene, 0.3 wt % of a crosslinking agent and 0.9 wt % of a crosslinking aid were dry-blended and the reaction blend was then extruded in a 40 mm twin screw extruder (L/D=40). In the middle of the extruder, 10 wt % of homo-polypropylene was further added and at the end of the extruder, 5.3 wt % of a process oil was added with a liquid pump. At this time, the extruder temperature was 160° C.-180° C.-185° C.-190° C.-190° C.-195° C., the screw rate was maintained at 300 rpm, and adaptor and die temperatures were 190° C. Pellets were produced by die face cutting and then dehumidification-dried before use.
35 wt % of the finished pellets and 65 wt % of homo-polypropylene were added to a 40 mm twin screw extruder and produced into pellets. At this time, the extrusion temperature was 150° C.-180° C.-190° C.-210° C.-220° C.-220° C., the die temperature was 210° C., and die face cutting was conducted. The pellets were molded into sheets at 210° C. at a pressure of 15 tons for 3 minutes.
A sheet with a thickness of 1 mm was used to measure tensile strength, elongation and SEM, a sheet with a thickness of 3 mm was used to measure flexural strength, and a sheet with a thickness of 250 um was used to measure AC dielectric breakdown voltage.
25 wt % of pellets produced in the same conditions and manners as in Example 1 and 75 wt % of homo-polypropylene were pelletized in the same manner as in Example 1, and sheets with thicknesses of 250 um, 1 mm, and 3 mm were then produced and analyzed.
Comparative Example 1
35 wt % of commercially available TPO (Lyondellbasell Industries N.V., CA7441A) and 65 wt % of homo-polypropylene were pelletized in the same conditions and manners as in Example 1 and sheets with thicknesses of 250 um, 1 mm, and 3 mm were then produced and analyzed.
Tensile strength test and elongation test were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D634 using a UTM apparatus.
Flexural strength test was conducted in accordance with ASTM-D790 using a UTM apparatus.
AC dielectric breakdown voltage test was conducted in accordance with ASTM-D149, an electrode made of stainless steel was used, the diameter of the electrode was 6.4 mm, and the radius of curvature at the end thereof was 0.8 mm.
Test results are shown in the following Table 1 and FIGS. 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 1
Tensile strength (N/mm2) 42 39 30 Elongation (%) 960 920 820 Flexural strength (kgf/cm2) 2600 3000 3900 AC dielectric breakdown 35.94 33.30 32.62 voltage (kV)
First, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, SEM analysis results showed that Comparative Example 1 had a heterogeneous phase, while Examples 1 and 2 had considerably high miscibility, which indicated that they had different overall morphologies.
Accordingly, as can be seen from Table 1 above, as compared to Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 and 2 had excellent compatibility between the first and second phases, thus providing considerably superior tensile strength, and good flexibility due to high elongation and low flexural strength.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
1. A polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables having a morphology in which a second phase substance of polypropylene composite is dispersed in a first phase substance of polypropylene,
wherein the polypropylene composite of the second phase substance has a morphology in which an at least partially cured elastomer is dispersed as a filler in a matrix of polypropylene, and
wherein the polymer composition is prepared by blending the first phase substance with the second phase substance.
2. The polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene of the first phase substance is entirely (fully) mixed with the polypropylene of the second phase substance at the interface therebetween.
3. The polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein the elastomer of the second phase substance is an EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber.
4. The polymer composition according to claim 3, wherein the EPDM rubber of the elastomer is partially cured.
5. The polymer composition according to claim 3, wherein the EPDM rubber of the elastomer is fully cured.
6. A cable insulation layer comprising the polymer composition for an insulation layer of power cables according to claim 1.
7. A power cable comprising the cable insulation layer according to claim 6.
9969871 May 15, 2018 Lee et al.
20050170118 August 4, 2005 Cleveland et al.
20090211782 August 27, 2009 Perego et al.
20130025909 January 31, 2013 Perego et al.
20170349738 December 7, 2017 Chiba et al.
20190185648 June 20, 2019 Lee et al.
10-2014-0134836 November 2014 KR
WO 2007/118659 October 2007 WO
WO 2010/059425 May 2010 WO
Assignee: HUINNOVATION CO., LTD. (Seongnam-si)
Inventors: Dong Kwon Lee (Seongnam-si), Moon Seok Lee (Sejong-si), Yong Rae Cho (Daejeon)
Primary Examiner: Nathan M Nutter
Current U.S. Class: Multilayer (continuous Layer) (428/36.91)
International Classification: C08L 23/16 (20060101); C08L 23/12 (20060101); H01B 3/30 (20060101); H01B 3/44 (20060101);


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Fulldome (12)
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Momentum, in physics, defined as the mass of a body multiplied by its velocity. For example, an automobile weighing 2,500 pounds (1,134 kg) traveling in a straight line at 88 feet per second (60 miles per hour, or 26.82 meters per second) has a momentum of 2,500 × 88 = 220,000 foot-pounds (30,414 kilogram-meters) per second. If two bodies have the same mass and the same velocity, then they have the same momentum. If the two bodies have the same mass and are traveling at different velocities, then the one that is traveling faster has the greater momentum. If the two bodies have different masses but are traveling at the same velocity, then the more massive one has the greater momentum.
Force, one of the most useful concepts in physics. In everyday life we have an intuitive notion of force as a push or a pull on an object. We push on objects, and they move; the earth's gravitational pull causes unsuspended objects to fall; frictional forces cause sliding objects to slow and eventually stop; a struck baseball moves off abruptly from the bat; and the force exerted by the engines of a jet aircraft causes it to move at high speed. Such familiar examples of the manifestations of force are innumerable. Indeed, ideas brought to mind by the word "force" are so natural to us that it is difficult to overcome intuitive notions and arrive at a rigorous definition of force.
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4 Days of Fun, 365 Days of Making a Difference
The Bonnaroo Works Fund is 'sharing the wealth' in more ways than one
May 8, 2015 Randy Fox Features
You can't fully understand Bonnaroo until you have been there," Nina Miller, executive director of the Bonnaroo Works Fund, says. Her favorite memories from the yearly music and arts festival held in Manchester, Tenn., are not the big-name rock stars or the well-celebrated party atmosphere. "The first time I was there, the gates hadn't opened yet, but there was such a feeling of peace," she says. "I was watching a city being built. It's got its own post office. It's got its own medical center. It's got everything. And then when they open the gate, 80,000 people come in and there is a palpable rush. You can feel it. There's something very powerful about it in the very best sense of the word. It's a place where everyone wants to be part of something bigger. Even when you're working your tail off, you're doing it for something bigger than yourself, and everyone feels that." That feeling of being part of something bigger has found real world results through the Bonnaroo Works Fund. The nonprofit charitable foundation gives back to the communities of Middle Tennessee through grants to many organizations and programs.
"From the beginning of Bonnaroo in 2002, the founders of the festival wanted to give back to the surrounding communities in large amounts and significant ways," Miller says. "They've donated to nonprofit organizations and other agencies that may not be nonprofit, but that do good work."
Some of those early donations included $30,000 for building a skate park in Manchester and purchasing new band uniforms for the Coffee County High School. As the Bonnaroo festival grew, the need for a more formalized and efficient method of administering grants also increased. In 2009, the Bonnaroo Works Fund was organized as a formal entity, and recently became a stand-alone, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
"Since 2009, the fund has made grants upwards of seven million dollars to over one hundred organizations," Miller says. "We work with the Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee. They administer the funds for us, and they are so good at what they do." Miller brings her years of experience working with nonprofit organizations. Before joining the BWF in 2013, she served as executive director of the Gibson Foundation for six years, a position that also joined the music business with philanthropy.
"I found the similarities intriguing and the differences compelling between Gibson and Bonnaroo," she says. "I was very impressed with what the Bonnaroo Works Fund was doing and what they had accomplished. They thought big — focusing on the arts, education, and the environment, specifically environmental sustainability. Although the focus was predominantly on the Coffee County region, they were also giving to surrounding counties and communities, including Davidson County."
Grants from the Bonnaroo Works Fund have benefited Coffee County school libraries (with more than 4,000 new books purchased), the Manchester Municipal Arts Commission, the Coffee County Soil Conservation District, and the Nature Conservancy in Tennessee. Specific projects organized by the fund have included a beautification project for New Union Elementary School and providing free energy retrofits to low-income families in Coffee County.
Closer to Nashville, Bonnaroo Works Fund grants have supported the Music Makes Us program which provides funding for music education in Metro Nashville Public Schools, the Notes For Notes organization that sponsors after-school music programs in Boys & Girls Clubs, land management programs through the Friends of Warner Parks, the PENCIL Foundation's Reading Partners program, and many other worthy causes.
"Because our mission is driven by arts, education, and the environment, those types of organizations get priority in the grant process," Miller says. "But we also get some requests that are less of a direct mission fit, but have some core piece that is so compelling we choose to support them too."
The funding for the Bonnaroo Works Fund comes from many sources, Miller says. In addition to $2 from every Bonnaroo ticket sold and direct contributions, there are several events and programs that raise money both at the festival and throughout the year. These include onsite and online auctions of music memorabilia, the annual Roo Run — a 5K on-site race, the Root for Roo on-site tree planting program, and licensing fees collected from the sales of Ben & Jerry's Bonnaroo Buzz ice cream.
"It's a very exciting time for the Bonnaroo Works Fund," Miller says. "We're raising our visibility, and at the same time, raising more funds. When a project is completed in a community, someone asks, 'Where did you get the money?' and the word spreads.
"Right now we're in the process of our grant-making cycle for 2015. We've received over 100 grant requests this year. The number of applications has more than doubled in the last two years.
"Bonnaroo has several great slogans that express their philosophy," Miller says. "Play as a team, radiate positivity, don't be 'that guy.' The Works Fund is truly about distilling the essence that is found in the four days of Bonnaroo and then spreading it out to others. We want to generate that same feeling of being part of something bigger than yourself. It's not just four days of having fun and doing good. It can be a year-round experience."
Vol. V Issue 5
Scott Stone
A Day in the Hay (Bale Studio)
The Radio Cafe Perseverance Society
Mac Hill was in downtown Nashville on that cloudy, stormy day in April 1998 when an F3 tornado came roaring through the center of the … more
As the founder of Sun Records, Sam Phillips was one of the architects of rock & roll, producing groundbreaking records that fused R&B, country, and … more
Faith in Music
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In 1980, Keith Coes was a student at Tennessee State University in Nashville. A diehard rock & roll fan, Coes kept his radio tuned to … more


In the Season 2 premiere, Mickey and the kids are forced to downgrade from their temporary residence at a hotel after their financial advisor cuts them off due to excessive spending. Mickey and Sabrina refuse to accept the decision and launder up a plan to prevent anyone from stopping their stride. Meanwhile, Jimmy teaches Chip that the tricks to living in a luxurious hotel can be simple.
The Mick has a centers on Mackenzie "Mickey" Murphy (Olson), a hard-living, foul-mouthed, cigarette-smoking woman who moves to affluent Greenwich, CT to raise the spoiled kids of her wealthy sister who has fled the country to avoid a federal indictment. She quickly learns what the rest of us already know – other people's children are awful.


If you're among the estimated one in 20 women who has suffered from recurrent pregnancy loss, new research offers hope: an inexpensive and safe progesterone treatment may significantly boost your odds of having a healthy pregnancy.
The study, published this week in the journal Fertility and Sterility, looked at women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages (i.e. losses that did not involve chromosomal errors). Researchers offered 116 participants an endometrial function test, which is usually used to identify infertility and measures levels of nCyclinE, a marker for the health of the endometrium — the inner layer of the uterus that forms the nutrient-rich nest where a fertilized egg implants following conception.
Fifty-nine women with abnormal nCyclinE levels were then offered natural progesterone (the same hormone in many birth control pills). The hormone was administered vaginally twice every day during the second half of the women's menstrual cycles, when the uterus begins preparing a lining for a potential pregnancy. A group of 57 women with normal nCycylinE levels were not offered any hormonal treatment.
The results were promising: Two-thirds of the women who received the progesterone therapy had successful pregnancies — in this case, those that were ongoing at 10 weeks — compared with about 1 in 2 women who didn't undergo hormonal treatment.
Recent research has suggested that the health of the endometrium may play an important role in pregnancy loss. And, the thinking goes, progesterone could help boost its condition.
"These results reinforce the evidence that progesterone could be a very beneficial, inexpensive and safe treatment for many women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss," Mary Stephenson, MD, director of the recurrent pregnancy loss program at the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System and lead author of the study, said in a statement.
What's more, the study showed that the endometrial function test may also "be an important tool for patients" who have had a number of miscarriages, according to Harvey Kliman, the test's inventor and director of the reproductive and placental research unit at the Yale University School of Medicine.
The authors caution that a larger, randomized trial is necessary to confirm these findings. But experts suggest that if you're currently trying to conceive and have had two or more unexplained pregnancy losses, you could benefit by talking to your doctor. Together, you can discuss the potential factors behind your miscarriages and whether an endometrial function test and/or progesterone therapy could be right for you.
There are 11,987 active discussions happening now in our Fertility Treatments community group.


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Zhengzhou BRT Route B5 is a bus rapid transit route operated by Zhengzhou Bus. Service started in 2016, it is the 4th route with dedicated bus lanes in Zhengzhou BRT.

History
The first section of the route, opened on 26 January 2016, is from Longhai W. Road and West 3rd Ring Road to Longhai Road and Tongtai Road.

On 26 November 2016, the service was extended to Zhengzhou East railway station, and became the fastest bus service connecting west Zhengzhou and Zhengzhou East railway station. On the same day, two interval services of the route B501 and B502 were commenced, connecting Zhengzhou railway station to the route.

Route

The route is operated between Longhai W. Road and West 3rd Ring Road bus terminus, which is under the interchange between Longhai Expressway and West 3rd Ring Road in western Zhengzhou, and Zhengzhou East railway station in Zhengdong New Area. The route runs mostly on Longhai Road, beneath the elevated Longhai Expressway.

Branch routes
The route has a number of branch routes, which are free-interchangeable with the main route.
Interval services:
 B501: Zhengzhou railway station (West Plaza) ↔ Zhengzhou East railway station
 B502: Zhengzhou railway station (West Plaza) ↔ Longhai W. Road and West 3rd Ring Road
Feeder routes:
1: Zhengzhou railway station (South Terminus) ↔ Huashan Road B/T
13: Zhengzhou railway station (Yima Road) ↔ Suzhuang
38: Zhengzhou railway station (Yima Road) ↔ Yaozhuang
63: Shamen ↔ Hanghai Road and Qinling Road
82: Zijingshan (Renmin Road) ↔ Huanggang Temple
189: Dongjiancai ↔ Jingnan 6th Road and Jingkai 15th Avenue
190: Longhai Road and Tongtai Road ↔ Henan Children's Hospital
191: Longhai Road and Tongtai Road ↔ Jingkai 8th Avenue B/T
216: Wulongkou ↔ Hanghai Road and Zhongzhou Avenue

Fleet

Yutong ZK6180CHEVNPG3 (used on B5 main-line)
Yutong ZK6125CHEVNPG4 (used on B5 main-line as well as B501 and B502)

References

Bus Routes in Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou BRT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lisanne's career began immediately following high school as the featured vocalist for three Air Force bands. She has been featured with the Woody Herman Orchestra, Maynard Ferguson, Arturo Sandoval, Roanoke Symphony, Palm Beach Pops, XL Big Band in Sweden, Nantes Big Band, Los Alas Studio Orchestra, and various bands and orchestras across the country. She has produced two solo CD's and two CD's as lead soprano in the DC-based Uptown Vocal Jazz Quartet, with whom she performed at major jazz festivals across the country and abroad.
Lisanne has headlined at the Ottawa, Detroit, and Clearwater Jazz Festivals, and La Nuit du Jazz (France). She was the first to perform live the Nelson Riddle arrangements of the George Gershwin Songbook that he wrote for Ella Fitzgerald, who only recorded them. She is currently working on a new show, a tribute to the great vocalists Rosemary Clooney, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Ella Fitzgerald, and others.


First Hit: This is an incredibly powerful film about the state of children and their survival in Beirut.
The tale told in this film holds up a mirror to share the reflection of what happens when ill-informed beliefs, the devastation of war, and the lack of order (chaos) creates a society not equipped to deal children born into it.
Zain (Zain Al Rafeea) is twelve years old, but nobody knows because his parents, Souad (Kawsar Al Haddad – as the mother) and Selim (Fadi Yousef – as the father), failed to document and register Zain's birth with the government, so he has no ID and is unknown to the government. Souad and Selim follow tradition and have lots of children, and as the oldest, Zain takes care of himself, brings home what money and food he can steal or hustle and is protective of his 11-year-old younger sister Sahar (Haita 'Cedra' Izzam).
Hearing this from a twelve-year-old boy was heartbreaking. And from this opening moment, we delve back into how Zain ended up stabling someone and in court suing his parents for giving him life. Not only is he mistreated, the family lives in abject squalor.
We follow Zain as he tries to protect his sister Sahar when their parents attempt to sell/trade her to Assaad (Nour El Husseini), the family's landlord for chickens. When Sahar has her period for the first time, Zain, helps her wash her pants, and folds up his own shirt to catch and absorb her menstruation. Zain doesn't want his parents to know because then she'll "be ripe" for sale.
Finally fed up Zain leaves his home and journeys out only to find Rahil (Yordanos Shiferaw) who is barely 17, has a baby named Yonas (Boluwatife Treasure Bankole) and is illegally in Lebanon from Ethiopia. Being the incredibly responsible person he is, because she provides a place to sleep and food, he takes care of Yonas. When she gets caught by immigration and doesn't return, what Zain does is beyond remarkable. His ability to survive, protect, and take care of this baby is impressive.
However, equally as powerful, is the way this film is shot. Extraordinary. The actors are not professional actors by trade. As in another of this year's nominees, the film Roma, the roles are filled with everyday people. Screenwriter and Director Nadine Labaki elicited sublime performances from everyone, even the baby. Her camera angles were not looking down on the children but making their view of the world the primary focus. The sound, especially at the beginning, has a deep rumble as if bombs are still exploding in the far distant background. This noise added an edge to the film that haunted me. Lastly, the camera work, including the movement, was excellent.
Rafeea as the boy Zain was beyond amazing. The look in his eyes, the sad face, and his evident intensity to do what it takes to survive were ever present. Shiferaw as the Ethiopian mother of Yonas was divine. I loved how she was able to navigate and figure out how to survive while continually being aware she needed to get papers to stay in the country. Bankole, the baby - Yonas, was perfect. Haddad and Yousef as Zain's mom and dad respectively, were powerful components of this film's intensity. Izzam was sweet as the sister. Labaki wrote an extraordinary screenplay that highlighted the plight of children in this war-torn city. Her ability to envision and capture the deep mistrust children have of the world around them, and their ability to continue fighting was terrific.
Overall: If this film were up for the Best Picture award, it would be a great choice.


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RESEARCH Projects of external users Life Sciences
PROTEIN AFFINITY AND SELECTIVITY TO CELLULAR MEmbranes
Call: 18th Open Access Grant Competition
Researcher: Dr Robert Vácha
Instituce: CEITEC
Field: Life Sciences
For the first phase of his research focused on protein affinity and selectivity of cellular membranes, Robert Vácha was awarded almost 2.9 million core hours. Spatial and temporal organisation of proteins in the cell is a crucial aspect for understanding the complex processes in living cells. Peripheral proteins organised at membranes of specific organelles to correctly perform their functions are important elements. However, the relationship between the protein sequence and its membrane is not yet known. The aim of the proposed project is to identify, quantify, and explain protein affinity for membranes with specific lipid composition. The team led by Robert Vácha aims at developing a computational method to determine the finding free energy of proteins and their mutants to membranes with specific lipid composition. Application of this method with the aid of the IT4Innovations computational resources will provide molecular understanding allowing the preferred localization of proteins in cells to be determined and as such it can be used in development of new protein biomarkers, sensors, and drugs.
PHOTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY OF THE BREAST
Researcher: Dr Jiří Jaroš
Institution: Brno University of Technology
Jiří Jaroš from BUT was awarded more than 300,000 core hours for validation of the developed photoacoustic tomography (PAT) software on a set of breast phantoms and optimisation for speed and accuracy. The goal is to validate the generated PAT image under noisy conditions and the presence of moving artifacts, inhomogeneous lighting, limited sensor bandwidth, and variability between ultrasound sensors caused by a given production technology. This data will be used for fine tuning of the PAT software before being used with a set of 20 patients. The images generated using photoacoustic tomography, x-ray imaging, and computed tomography will then be passed on to clinical doctors for evaluation. The results of this study shall lead to development of new screening and diagnostics methods in breast mammography. The tissue is exposed to an infrared beam with a nanosecond pulse with energy being absorbed by tumour blood vessels. Then, thermo-elastic expansion occurs inside the tumour (the tumour trembles). Radiation changes into heat in the form of generating ultrasound pulses by density change. Ultrasound propagates out of the tissue and is recorded on the surface of ultrasound detectors. The goal of these simulations performed within the project is to use the recorded signal to reconstruct the place the sound comes from, and its quantitative qualities (position of blood vessels, their size, amount of oxygenated blood, etc.).
ALZHEIMER'S LIPIDS III
Researcher: Dr Michael Owen
Institution: CEITEC
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic, progressive disorder of the nervous system, which causes degenerative death of neurons associated with characteristic histopathologic changes. This disease is diagnosed in 1 of 8 people aged over 65, which makes it the most common cause of dementia in middle-aged to upper-aged people. It is expected that by the year 2030, 14 million people will have suffered from this disease. Michael Owen from CEITEC was awarded over 1 million core hours for his first study, focused on the lipids associated with Alzheimer's disease. He will use the computational resources to shed light on the aggregation mechanism in amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which is a characteristic feature observed in Alzheimer's development and progression. Aggregation will be studied in the presence of gangliosides, which may affect Aβ peptide aggregation and have an undisputed role in the development and regeneration of the brain and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Apart from gaining atomic insight into the role of gangliosides in Alzheimer's disease, this project will also be beneficial for the research of other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF HUMAN AND PLANT HORMONES
Researcher: Dr Václav Bazgier
Institution: Palacký University in Olomouc
Virtual screening employs supercomputers to discover potentially new chemical compounds, which is a cheaper and less time-consuming approach than their laboratory testing. The computer selects the best performing candidates from a large library of chemical compounds, which are then experimentally tested. Václav Bazgier from Palacký University in Olomouc was awarded almost half a million core hours for his project titled Virtual screening of human and plant hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in human, animal, and plant life, and are responsible for a number of processes of biological interest. The allocated computational resources will be used in the design of new compounds – hormone-based drugs and fertilizers – by means of molecular docking using data from different databases such as DrugBank and the Human Metabolome Database.
MECHANISM OF GENOME RELEASE OF NON-ENVELOPED VIRUSES
Researcher: Lukáš Sukeník
Institution: CEITEC, Masaryk University
Many picornaviruses are human pathogens that cause diseases varying from the common cold to life-threatening encephalitis. Currently, there is no picornavirus antiviral drug approved for humans. Lukáš Sukeník from CEITEC and Masaryk University was awarded more than 4 million core hours to study the mechanism of picornavirus genome release. A cell can be infected once the picornavirus genome is released. These non-enveloped viruses need to transport their genetic material from the protective protein shell (capsid) to host cell cytoplasm. Using the supercomputer and molecular dynamics simulation, Sukeník will study the affects of the capsid properties on genome release. The knowledge obtained will be used for the development of new antiviral therapeutics.
MACHINE LEARNING IN BIOMETRICS AND BIOMEDICINE
Researcher: Jan Tinka
The computational resources amounting to almost 1 million core hours will be used by scientists from Brno University of Technology for development of automated detection system for diabetic retinopathy, and for removing the effects of skin diseases for fingerprint recognition. Retinopathy often refers to a retinal vascular disease, or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood sugar. A higher risk of development of various forms of this disease is present in diabetes patients. The objective of the project of Jan Tinka and his team is to develop a detection system using machine learning algorithms, the use of which will be user-friendly for eye specialists as well as patients. In cooperation with dermatologists, Jan Tinka is also developing a system for detection, localization, and recognition of fingerprint damage.
COMPUTATIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED PROTEINS ASSOCIATION FREE ENERGIES II
Researcher: Dr Jozef Hritz
Institution: Masaryk University
Already the seventh project of Dr Hritz from Masaryk University was awarded computational resources of IT4Innovations. He uses supercomputers, for example, for his research of the 14-3-3 protein complexes and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). His project submitted within the 15th Open Access Grant Competition was awarded more than 1.5 million core hours. The research objective is to reveal structural and free energy changes, which are essential for protein complexes' formation. Any disruption of the network of interactions underlying the formation of protein−protein complexes may lead to a number of pathologies. His research group will also focus on TH, one of the key enzymes operative in the human brain. The TH/14-3-3 protein complex regulates the level of dopamine, an organic chemical which plays an important role as a neurotransmitter, and of which deficiencies are heavily Conserved association pathway of phosphorylated partners to the primary binding location (IS1) of the 14-3-3 protein is shown in green. The image is taken from the publication NAGY, G., C. OOSTENBRINK, J. HRITZ a Y. Koby LEVY: Exploring the Binding Pathways of the 14-3-3ζ protein: Structural and Free-energy Profiles Revealed by Hamiltonian Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics with Distancefield Distance Restraints. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180633. implicated in the onset of Parkinson's disease. By combining state-of-the-art computer simulation and contemporary experimental techniques (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance and cryoelectron microscopy), better understanding of the dynamical properties and thermodynamics of protein association will be possible. Using strengthened sampling computational methods, Dr Hritz's research team has, for example, already discovered that the 14-3-3 protein must adopt a transitional conformation state not known up till now. Moreover, they discovered a conserved associated pathway serving client proteins to reach their final binding conformation once they are phosphorylated. These findings can be useful in explaining the effects of mutation along this association pathway as well as in its use as the target for designed drugs modulating this group of the 14-3-3 protein complexes.
HYALURONAN STRUCTURE, INTER-MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS AND INTERACTIONS WITH PROTEIN RECEPTORS
Researcher: Dr Marek Ingr
Institution: Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín
Hyaluronic acid is a natural polysaccharide present, for example, in connective tissues and synovial fluid. It performs a large number of biological functions and is used not only in cosmetics but also in the healthcare sector in osteoarthritis treatment and wound and burn care. Hyaluronic acid reacts with protein receptors and mediates cellular signalling amongst other functions. Therefore, it is assumed that it also plays its part in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Research of hyaluronic acid and the mechanism of its molecular interactions with protein receptors is also carried out by Marek Ingr from Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín, who was awarded computational resources in our 12th as well as 14th Open Access Grant Competitions. He uses a supercomputer to perform molecular dynamics simulations with the aim to detect, for example, the key hyaluronan-protein interactions. Building on these findings, new drugs and cosmetic products may possibly be designed.
REACTION MECHANISMS OF DINUCLEAR OPEN-SHELL METALLOENZYMES
Researcher: Dr Lubomír Rulíšek
Institution: Czech Academy of Sciences
Metalloproteins play an important role in nature as catalysts of biochemical reactions which would not occur in the absence of metal ions. These reactions include nearly all oxidation-reduction processes, spin-forbidden processes, or processes, during which fission of very stable chemical bonds (C-H bonds, triple or double bonds in N2 or O2 molecules) occur. These fundamental biological processes include, for example, photosynthesis and cellular respiration. To understand the function and structure of metalloproteins, not only experiments (e.g. x-ray crystallography, spectroscopy, and electro-chemical measurements) but also computational methods of theoretical chemistry, which can provide insights into the structure and energetic properties of metalloproteins, are important. The project led by Dr Lubomír Rulíšek from the Czech Academy of Sciences focuses on the research of three selected metalloproteins with polynuclear cores (hence more metal ions at enzyme active sites), which play an important role not only in nature but also as potential industrial catalysts. His project was awarded over 3 million core hours. The allocated computational resources will be used for comparing experimental results with results obtained from quantum-mechanical modelling (using the Turbomole, MOLCAS, Amber, ComQum, and ORZ programs) with the objective to obtain a description of the catalytic cycles of the studied metalloenzymes. The research results have the potential to be used for biomimetic (inspired by nature) designs for catalytic cycles finding their potential area of application in the chemical industry.
PREDICTSNP-ONCO: STRUCTURAL BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS FOR PERSONALIZED PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
Researcher: Dr Gaspar Pinto and Jan Štourač
The research teams of Prof. Jiří Damborský and David Bednář from Masaryk University in Brno, Prof. Jaroslav Štěrba from University Hospital Brno - Children's Hospital, and Doc. Ondřej Slabý from CEITEC are involved in development of the new PredictSNP-Onco computational tool designated for personalized pediatric oncology. The new tool aims at making it faster for doctors to design the most suitable treatment for each individual patient, whose treatment so far based on standard methods has failed, or where the probability a of successful cure by standard methods is very low. Cancer cell formation may be caused by one single mutation. Therefore, it is vitally important to assess such mutations as fast as possible, and consider treatment by all available drugs (inhibitors) which have been certified by the European Medicine Agency (EMA), the State Institute for Drug Control (SIDC), or by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The computational resources of almost 800 thousand core hours will be used by the researchers to assess all possible protein mutations which lead to cancer development, and for analyses of inhibitors using the computational molecular docking method. Using information from four world-wide databases of mutations along with the computed results, the researchers will help design new possibilities for personalized/precise treatment for various types of cancer. Doctors thus obtain information in a shorter time, which enables them to speed up the design of appropriate an treatment for each individual patient in good time.
INTERACTIONS OF DRUG MOLECULES WITH MIMICS OF HUMAN TEAR FILM
Researcher: Dr Lukasz Cwiklik
The tear film protects the cornea of the human eye against water evaporation. It nourishes the cornea surface, and it serves as the first line of protection against eye surface infection. It is produced by spreading tears all over the eye surface by a blink of an eye. Its thickness changes during eye blinking. Essentially, it consists of a lipid and a water layer. Disorders in the lipid layer lead to dry eye syndrome, which is treated with eye drops. The researchers from the J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry CAS are the only ones worldwide to study the effectiveness of eye drops at the molecular level. They are seeking ways to transport the required substances through the lipid layer and cooperate with pharmaceutical companies in tear film research. Microscopic research of the lipid layer will be supplemented with computer simulations using the Salomon supercomputer by Lukasz Cwiklik. His project was awarded more than 1.5 million core hours in our 13th Open Access Grant Competition. The allocated computational resources will be used for research of selected lipophilic drugs, in particular the way the drugs permeate through the lipid layer to the water layer. Experimental (use of biomimetic chip, the construction of which was awarded the prestigious Neuron Impulse grant) and computational results of the research will enhance our knowledge of the interaction of drugs with the human tear film, and eventually the design of a new generation of eye drops. For the website of Dr Cwiklik's research, see: http://cwiklik.net.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL VIRUSES
Researcher: Dr Pavel Plevka
Institution: CEITEC MU
The project of Dr. Pavel Plevka from CEITEC at Masaryk University was awarded 2,213,000 core hours for his research of picornaviruses, flaviviruses, and bacteriophages. Our supercomputers and the allocated computational resources will be used for processing and analysis of micro images created by state-of-the-art electron microscopes. Picornaviruses cause not only common cold but also serious diseases such as encephalitis and respiratory inflammation. Scientists determine the structure of virus particles (virions), by means of which the virus spreads from one cell to another, and describe viral replication in infected cells. Flaviviruses, including Zika and encephalitis viruses, cause potentially fatal neurological diseases. Scientists will focus on an encephalitis virus causing hundreds of potentially fatal infections in the Czech Republic every year. The results of the project shall provide scientists with a detailed description of the viral replication mechanism.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS
Researcher: Prof. Lukáš Žídek
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are macromolecules lacking a stable and well defined tertiary structure. They have no stable structure and hence no thermodynamic minimum determining their function. During the course of the last decade, they have attracted wide attention due to their important role in a vast number of cellular processes. They include, for example, transcription of genetic information as well as their potential connection with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research findings have shown that the main role in the protein function is not in their structure but their dynamic behaviour. The project of prof. Lukáš Žídek from Masaryk University, which was awarded 1,480,000 core hours, is aimed at a more detailed study of the conformational behaviour of selected IDPs using a combination of state-of-the-art extensive computer simulations with their own prediction codes and advanced experimental methods (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or small angle X-ray scattering.
PROTON ACCELERATION VIA LASER INTERACTION WITH PLASMA MICRO-BUNCHES PRODUCED BY CRYOGENIC HYDROGEN RIBBON
Researcher: Martin Matys
Institution: Czech Technical University in Prague
Being also involved as researchers in the ELI Beamlines project, Ing. Martin Matys and Dr. Jan Pšikal from the Czech Technical University in Prague were awarded 800,000 core hours for their project focusing on ion accelerator development. In particular, they are involved in research of proton acceleration induced by high power laser impulse interaction with a cryogenic hydrogen ribbon. Laser based ion accelerators have the potential to replace the extremely expensive conventional accelerators in the future, thereby, for example, lowering the costs of proton therapy for treatment of oncological diseases as well as the production costs of medical isotopes for positron emission tomography. Scientists are particularly interested in the interaction when a laser pulse burns through the target and then interacts with the remaining plasma micro-bunches of much lower density than the initial target. Such a mechanism is capable of accelerating protons to energy ranges of hundreds of millions of electron volts. The project objective is deeper study of this mechanism using numerical three-dimensional simulations, which is significantly cheaper in comparison to real experiments.
FIJI BIOIMAGE INFORMATICS ON HPC - "PATH TO EXASCALE"
Researcher: Dr Michal Krumnikl
Institution: IT4Innovations
The IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center – path to exascale project, which supports the research in the area of biological image analysis using HPC, allows IT4Innovations to participate in the research of large bioimage dataset processing using high performance computing (HPC) systems. This research is focused on parallelization of key steps in, for example, light sheet microscopy data processing. Light sheet microscopy has become popular for scanning living cells and organisms for its speed and low photo toxicity, which allows complex living systems such as embryos to be microscopically scanned three-dimensionally with high resolution and for their entire development period. The main objective of the project is to extend the options of the Fiji platform, which is used by tens of thousands of users worldwide for the processing of large image datasets. The development team led by Dr. Krumnikl in collaboration with Dr. Pavel Tomančák from Max Planck Institute in Dresden (Germany) will modify each data analysis method for seamless running on HPC systems. Development and deployment of the Fiji platform on HPC systems shall allow its users to fully exploit its potential on large bioimage datasets.
DEEP LEARNING FOR NOVEL DRUG DISCOVERY
Researcher: Vojtěch Cima
The Deep learning for Novel Drug Discovery project of Ing. Vojtěch Cima has been awarded 400,000 core hours. The allocated computational resources will be used for deep learning in predicting the effects of potential drugs and their possible toxic side effects. Using prediction algorithms, novel drug discovery and the related costs can simultaneously be accelerated and reduced respectively. This research is carried out as part of the ExCAPE project, the objective of which is to develop algorithms for solving complex pharmacological problems.
RELATIVE STABILITIES OF MISMATCHES IN NUCLEIC ACIDS
Researcher: Dr Petr Kulhánek
The research team led by Dr. Kamila Réblová and Dr. Petr Kulhánek from the Central European Institute of Technology - Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) has been awarded 634,000 core hours for their research into the relative stability of base pairing in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Chains of the double helix structure of DNA carry genetic information, the integration of which is secured by Watson-Crick complementary pairing. During the process of DNA replication, which occurs when cells divide, this complementarity is used in creating two identical copies of DNA. However, during the replication process, errors such as mismatched base pairs can occur. This is then recognized by various reparation mechanisms. One of them is mismatch repair (MMR), with the MutS enzyme being the active component in mismatch recognition. When such mismatch is detected, this enzyme activates a cascade of processes leading to its repair. The allocated computational resources of IT4Innovations supercomputers will allow scientists to perform molecular simulations of short molecules of DNA and focus on describing the stability of all possible combinations of bases containing both the correct Watson-Crick pair and all other combinations. It is believed that this stability can be one of the many factors affecting the effectivity of the MMR mechanism in detecting errors. The information obtained may thus be important for understanding the development of genetically determined diseases or the formation of cancerous growths.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF COMPUTER SIMULATION OF NON-LINEAR ULTRASOUND PROPAGATION THROUGH BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
The research team of Dr. Jiří Jaroš has been awarded 2,678,000 core hours for their research in the field of computer simulations of ultrasound propagation in biological tissues. The researchers focus on targeted ultrasound, which is applied in the treatment of non-invasive cancer and other diseases. The targeted ultrasound is based on the principle of focusing high-power ultrasound beams through biological tissues. Surgeons are thus able to remove a tumour from the body of their patients using a non-invasive procedure. The results of the ultrasound surgery, however, are influenced by many factors, such as presence of bones, large blood vessels, and fat surrounding organs. These factors lead to attenuation, scattering, and reflection of the ultrasound wave, which then does not have enough energy in the required area. Therefore, the awarded allocation will be used by the research team from Brno University of Technology for evaluating the accuracy and optimization of the models of ultrasound propagation in biological tissues.
THE ROLE OF HYBRIDIZATION IN TRIGGERING ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FISH
Call: 9th Open Access Grant Competition
Researcher: Karel Jank
Institution: University of Ostrava
The researchers from the University of Ostrava will deal with a very interesting topic – asexual reproduction in fish. They will focus on the fish family Cobitidae, which are widespread throughout Europe. You may know some species of this family occurring throughout the Czech Republic: Weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) and Spined Loach (Cobitis taenia). The reproductive abilities of this fish can be repeatedly disrupted by interspecies breeding. Interspecies breeding can lead to emergence of asexual fish individuals: both infertile males and fertile females, which do not reproduce sexually. In contrast, they reproduce clonally. All the asexual females need to reproduce is the presence of the sperm cell (male reproductive cell) to stimulate the egg cell development without the fertilization process. The offspring are all females, the clones of their mother. Why are clonally reproducing individuals produced during interspecies breeding only? Does the emergence of such asexual fish individuals represent a natural evolutionary step in the formation of new species? Using the IT4Innovations supercomputers, the answers to these questions will be sought by the research team led by Dr. Karel Janko within the project entitled "The role of hybridization in triggering asexual reproduction in fish".
PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS IMPORTANT IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
The research team led by Dr. Jozef Hritz will use the IT4Innovations supercomputers for the research of the 14-3-3 protein complexes, which are associated with oncological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. On the atomic level, the static molecular structure of these proteins has already been studied using experimental techniques such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. However, their dynamics have not been thoroughly studied yet. Study of the dynamical properties is essential for understanding the origin of these protein complexes because this knowledge allows target action to be taken in order to prevent the processes causing the development and progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The researchers from Masaryk University would like to describe these changes and thus contribute to the understanding of both neurodegenerative diseases.
DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES USING HPC RESOURCES
Researcher: Dr Petr Strakoš
The research team at IT4Innovations implements state-of-the- -art approaches to information technologies in medical diagnostic methods. They are focused on precise detection and measurement of orbital floor fractures from computer tomography (CT) scans in cooperation with the doctors from the University Hospital Ostrava. The objective of this project is to develop new, and improve existing, methods for CT scan analysis using image filtering and segmentation, and developing parallel algorithms for 3D model reconstruction. The algorithms will be applied to analysis of post-traumatic treatments of patients with eye injuries.


Arkansas Oil & Gas - State resource.
Arkansas Geological Survey - State resource.
AR 87th General Assembly - State legislature.
Chesapeake Energy - Corporate site.
Continental Land Resources - Seismic options.
Bryce Corporation - Bag manufacturers.
Double Springs Grass Farm - Sod farm.
K & L Electronics - Sales and service.
Land O' Frost - Lunch meats.
Lewis-Goetz - Hose, belt, and sealing products.
Martin Industrial - Local supply.
McKenney Supply - Industrial supply.
MRS - Metal Roofing Supply.
Yarnell's Ice Cream - Down-home goodness.


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Your Core Self
The Language Illusion
Know What Matters
Positive Mind
Mental Disputation
Acceptance & letting go
Mental Redirection
Banish the inner-bully
Enhancing strengths
Strengthening Relationships
Executive life skills
Create a meaningful life
Self-compassion & Forgiveness
Virtual Reality Therapy
Biofeedback for mood
Wearable neurotechnology
Nutrition & brain health
Things to Avoid
Pollution & the Brain
Electromagnetic Radiation & the Brain
Drugs & the Brain
Sugar & the Brain
Alcohol & the Brain
Coffee & the Brain
Stress & the Brain
Exercise & Brain Health
Audio-visual entrainment
Neuro-evolution: The Future
Neuroprosthesis
Functional Brain Imagining as a Diagnostic Tool
Nanobots & neurotechnology
Biohacking & Humanism
Dr Shelley Hyman Biography
What are neuroprostheses?
Neuroprostheses are artificial devices designed to stimulate the nervous system to modulate, restore, or even generate motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Loss or impairment of these functions can occur because of congenital abnormalities, traumatic brain injury, infection, amputation, or neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroprosthetic devices such as cochlear implants, visual or hippocampal prosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, or even brain-to-brain interfaces are just some of the tools that can enable the bypass, replacement or compensation of dysfunctional neural circuits to allow people to regain or gain control of their thoughts or behaviours.
Future possibilities of neuroprosthesis
Neuroprosthetic research is beginning to overlap with research into Artificial Intelligence (AI). For instance, those in healthcare are working on the design of AI silicon chips that can be implanted into the hippocampal brain region of early stage Alzheimer's patients (Kuwamoto, 2017). These chips are designed to replace damaged neurons with fully functioning synthetic ones to alleviate the symptoms of dementia.
Kuwamoto, W. (2017, 23 March). Neuroprosthetics: Augmenting human intelligence with artificial intelligence. NU Sci. Retrieved from https://nuscimag.com/neuroprosthetics-eb7311b10a16
Deep brain stimulation: changing peoples lives
By Dr Shelley Hyman	| April 21, 2018
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive surgical procedure which uses three-dimensional imaging techniques to place an electrode through a small drilled hole in the skull, and into a specific subcortical region of the brain. The electrode is then stimulated by a battery, which typically sits near the collarbone. Precisely where…
Facebook, Building 8 & mind reading technology
In April 2016, Facebook launched Building 8, a top secret division that works on developing hardware projects in the style of DARPA. They are working on four unannounced consumer hardware products, including cameras and augmented reality, devices that fly and even brain-scanning technology. In 2017, the then head of Building 8, Regina Dugan, unveiled two…
Elon Musk, Neuralink & the future of our brains
Elon Musk, the SpaceX and Tesla CEO, founded a brain-computer interface company in 2016 called Neuralink. The company focuses on creating devices that can be implanted into the human brain that in the short term aims to alleviate symptoms of dangerous and chronic medical conditions. Musk stated that the first use of the technology would…
Neurologist implants electrodes in his own brain
Whilst we think that implanting electrodes in human brains is something futuristic, it isn't as futuristic as we think. US neurologist, Dr Phil Kennedy was considered a pioneer in the 1980's for his work in treating patients with locked in syndrome (a condition where the entire body is paralysed, but in which consciousness remains in…
Exciting developments in neuroprosthesis
Some exciting new advancements are taking place in neuroprosthetics. A team of Swiss and Italian researchers is leading the way in creating prosthetic limbs which allow amputees to feel sensory information in real time (Evangelista, 2015). The tension of tendons in the fingers of the artificial hand are measured and converted into electrical currents, which…
AI and neuroprosthesis: What the future holds
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a specialised field of computer science which is dedicated to the creation of systems or machines capable of performing tasks and reacting like humans. The merging of computer science, social science and biology has enabled the creation of algorithms capable of learning, recognising patterns, analysing huge amounts of data and, even…
© 2020 Dr Shelley Hyman | Clinical Neuropsychologist | Powered by Beaver Builder


Paperback, 9 x 12 in. / 260 pgs / 100 color / 60 bw.
German architect Werner Ruhnau's work presages the kind of interdisciplinary and collaborative practice popular among contemporary artists and designers. Architect of the groundbreaking Gelsenkirchen Musical Theatre (1959), which he designed in tandem with artists Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely, Robert Adams, Paul Dierkes and Norbert Kricke, Ruhnau was also an active theater director. This engagingly designed volume, published on the occasion of Ruhnau's eighty-fifth birthday, delivers the very first comprehensive compendium of his work. The concepts introduced here are tied together in an interview with Ruhnau that examines the arc and process of his fascinating 50-year career--from the 1950s "Bauhütte" (shed) concept, which stresses the importance of community in architectural planning, to more recent projects, some of which have never been published. German theorist and artist Bazon Brock, who is himself known for working in a variety of fields and media, contributes an essay. Published in association with Stadt Gelsenkirchen/M:AI.
FORMAT: Paperback, 9 x 12 in. / 260 pgs / 100 color / 60 b&w.


The October meeting of the Tennessee Fish and Wildlife Commission has been changed to a one day meeting. It will be held Thursday, Oct. 25 beginning at 1 p.m. at the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency's Region II Ray Bell Building in the Ellington Agricultural Center.
In addition to the regular TFWC meeting, the Retention and Recruitment Committee will meet at 10 a.m. The committee will meet in the main conference room of the TWRA's headquarters.
This month's agenda will include a presentation on North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area by its manger, Joe Elkins. North Cumberland is comprised of 146,000 acres and covers portions of Anderson, Campbell, Morgan, and Scott counties.
Dr. Linda Muller, from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, will provide the findings of an elk study research that has been conducted. The TWRA has been heavily involved in elk restoration in Tennessee.
The TWRA Wildlife and Forestry Division Biologist and Technician of the Year award winners will be presented at the meeting. In addition, Kyle Walling, who was earlier announced as the TWRA Wildlife Officer of the Year, will be introduced to the commission.


A Cohort Study of Adolescent and Midlife Diet and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
How do healthcare and health outcomes in the US compare to those of other developed countries?
Blog post - health and physical activity.
Blog post relating to bladder health month.


text:
Womble Bond Dickinson announces
2nd جون 2021
We are delighted to announced that we have a new partnership with Law firm Womble Bond Dickinson (WBD). The firm will be supporting 16-25 Independent People, One25 and FareShare South West, through fundraising, volunteering and pro-bono activity.
Dom Wood, our CEO says "We are delighted to be a chosen charity partner of WBD, and we're thankful to everyone who voted for us. We look forward to working together towards, with the ultimate aim of improving education and employment prospects for people ages 16 to 25, as these opportunities have greatly suffered since the pandemic.""
Jon Bower, partner and head of responsible business at WBD's Bristol office, comments: "Developing and nurturing long lasting relationships is core to our philosophy. When it comes to our responsible business strategy, this translates into true collaboration and partnership working to achieve maximum social impact.
"We're thrilled to be working with all our new charity partners, to raise awareness of the inspiring work they do for our communities, and to support them through high-impact fundraising, volunteering and mentoring initiatives. Our new partners fit in perfectly with what our responsible business objectives hope to achieve in the areas of the 3Es: Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship as well as social inclusion. We look forward to working with them to make systemic and sustainable change in our communities.
"Hunger in the community continues to be a big issue in Bristol and has wider negative impacts in relation to employability and education for young people. The problem has only been exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and so it was very important for us to join forces with FareShare SouthWest and work together to tackle the very real problem that is food poverty in this country."
WBD is already heavily involved in a strong responsible business programme in Bristol, supporting a number of charities, community projects and initiatives. Last year the firm joined the COVID-19 emergency response and pledged thousands of pounds to support a number of charities across the city and also worked with local schools to bridge the digital divide, donating a large number of laptops to support those pupils home-schooling who have no access to technology.
In an effort to tackle food poverty throughout the pandemic and ensuing lockdowns, the firm also donated £30,000 to foodbanks and other food charities across the country and signed up to support FareShare's emergency winter operation FoodStock 2020. The campaign aimed to build a stockpile of emergency food with the infrastructure to deliver it across the region.
12th جنوری 2022
15th دسمبر 2021
8th دسمبر 2021
> 2nd دسمبر 2021


Gorilla Zkittelz is a Trippy Gorilla x Zkittelz cross with an even Indica/Sativa balance.
Gorilla Zkittelz Feminized Cannabis Seeds by Big Head Seeds: Gorilla Zkittelz is a Trippy Gorilla x Zkittelz cross with an even Indica/Sativa balance. Gorilla Zkittelz has bright green leaves and her medium size buds are heavily coated with trichomes. Her smell is of tropical fruit. Her lush tropical taste is similar to Zkittelz but with a light after-taste of pine. The Trippy Gorilla side of her heritage has ramped up the THC levels.


"A Method to Detect Discontinuities in Census Data" by Chris Barichievy, David G. Angeler et al.
Ecology and Evolution 8 (2018), pp. 9614–9623.
The distribution of pattern across scales has predictive power in the analysis of complex systems. Discontinuity approaches remain a fruitful avenue of research in the quest for quantitative measures of resilience because discontinuity analysis provides an objective means of identifying scales in complex systems and facilitates delineation of hierarchical patterns in processes, structure, and resources. However, current discontinuity methods have been considered too subjective, too complicated and opaque, or have become computationally obsolete; given the ubiquity of discontinuities in ecological and other complex systems, a simple and transparent method for detection is needed. In this study, we present a method to detect discontinuities in census data based on resampling of a neutral model and provide the R code used to run the analyses. This method has the potential for advancing basic and applied ecological research.


text:
from .cross_entropy_trainer import CrossEntropyTrainer
from .delayed_update_trainer import DelayedUpdateTrainer
from .multitask_trainer import MultitaskTrainer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Chipotle rolling out new Keto, Paleo, Whole30 diet-friendly menu items
New York (CNN Business) – Chipotle, eager to promote itself as a healthy choice, tweaked its menu to fit with trendy diet plans.
Beginning Wednesday, the Mexican food chain will begin offering "Lifestyle Bowls," a new collection of meals that fit into paleo, ketogenic and Whole30 diets.
"These first-to-category, diet-driven menu offerings are helping those who have committed to living a healthier lifestyle by making it easy to order delicious bowls that only contain the real ingredients permitted by certain diet regimens," the company said in a statement.
The new bowls can be ordered on Chipotle's (CMG) app or online. The items consist of ingredients already on the menu, so walk-in eaters can also order the bowls.
The diet bowls include:
Whole30 Salad Bowl: Romaine lettuce, carnitas, fajita veggies, tomato salsa and guacamole
Paleo Salad Bowl: Romaine lettuce, barbacoa, fajita veggies, green salsa and guacamole
Keto Salad Bowl: Romaine lettuce, carnitas, red salsa, cheese and guacamole
Double Protein Bowl: White rice, black beans, chicken (full portion), steak (full portion), red salsa, romaine lettuce and sour cream
All three of these diets follow strict rules and are growing in popularity.
The ketogenic diet includes low-carb, high-fat foods that force the body into a state of ketosis — when you burn fat, instead of carbohydrates, for energy. Whole30 cuts out sugar, grains, dairy and legumes for 30 days, and paleo is modeled after eating habits in the paleolithic era.
The move toward diet food is another step in Chipotle's reinvention, as it works to recover from a series of health scares at its restaurants.
The new bowls are latest change under CEO Brian Niccol, the former head of Taco Bell, who has turned the restaurant around after a number of people got sick during multiple outbreaks of foodborne illness in recent years. The most serious was an E. coli outbreak in 2015 that sickened 60 customers in 14 states.
In 2018 the company closed 2,000 locations to retrain staff on food safety.
Chipotle stock skyrocketed 40% last year and is one of the top-10 performers in the S&P 500since Niccol joined. He also started testing a slew of new items, like milkshakes, beefed up its digital offerings and launched a new advertising campaign.
by Corina Cappabianca / Jan 20, 2021
ALBANY, N.Y. (NEWS10) - The Cuomo Administration has provided details for its plan to regulate and tax adult-use recreational cannabis in its budget plan. The Governor says it could generate $350 million in revenue a year once matured. But, some who support marijuana legalization have uneasiness about the tax structure.
The Governor's Cannabis Regulation and Taxation Act would impose three taxes on adult use of cannabis. The first would be a wholesale THC-based potency tax that would be put on the sale from a distributor to a person selling the products at retail. Some advocates of cannabis legalization say it poses concerns.


text:
"Optic Disk Drusen" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Optic disk bodies composed primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides that may produce pseudopapilledema (elevation of the optic disk without associated INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION) and visual field deficits. Drusen may also occur in the retina (see RETINAL DRUSEN). (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p355)
Drusen, Optic Nerve
Optic Nerve Drusen
Drusen, Optic Disc
Optic Disc Drusens
Drusen, Optic Disk
Optic Disk Drusens
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Optic Disk Drusen".
Optic Disk Drusen [C10.292.700.450]
Optic Disk Drusen [C11.640.513]
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to "Optic Disk Drusen".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Optic Disk Drusen".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Optic Disk Drusen" by people in this website by year, and whether "Optic Disk Drusen" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
Below are the most recent publications written about "Optic Disk Drusen" by people in Profiles.


text:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using static GLFWDotNet.GLFW;
using static GLDotNet.GL;
using System.IO;

namespace GLDotNet.Samples
{
    public abstract class Sample : IDisposable
    {
        private const float TimeBetweenFrames = 1000.0f / 60.0f;

        private IntPtr _window;

        private Stopwatch _stopwatch;
        private float _lastElapsed;
        private float _elapsedSinceLastFrame;

        private float _fpsElapsed;

        private GLFWwindowsizefun _windowResizeCallback;
        private GLFWkeyfun _keyboardCallback;

        public abstract int VersionMajor { get; }
        public abstract int VersionMinor { get; }

        private string _title = "GLDotNet Sample";

        public string Title
        {
            get { return _title; }

            set
            {
                if (value != _title)
                {
                    _title = value;
                    glfwSetWindowTitle(_window, value);
                }
            }
        }

        private int _width = 1024;

        public int Width
        {
            get { return _width; }

            set
            {
                if (value != _width)
                {
                    _width = value;
                    glfwSetWindowSize(_window, _width, _height);
                }
            }
        }

        private int _height = 768;

        public int Height
        {
            get { return _height; }

            set
            {
                if (value != _height)
                {
                    _height = value;
                    glfwSetWindowSize(_window, _width, _height);
                }
            }
        }

        public int FramesPerSecond { get; private set; }

        public Sample()
        {
            if (glfwInit() == 0)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to initialize GLFW.");

            glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_OPENGL_API);
            glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
            glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, VersionMajor);
            glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, VersionMinor);

            _window = glfwCreateWindow(_width, _height, _title, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
            if (_window == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                glfwTerminate();
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create window.");
            }

            _windowResizeCallback = OnWindowResized;
            glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(_window, _windowResizeCallback);

            _keyboardCallback = OnKeyboard;
            glfwSetKeyCallback(_window, _keyboardCallback);

            glfwMakeContextCurrent(_window);

            glInit(glfwGetProcAddress, VersionMajor, VersionMinor);

            var basePath = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(Sample).Assembly.Location);
            Directory.SetCurrentDirectory(basePath);
        }

        ~Sample()
        {
            Dispose(false);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            glfwTerminate();
        }

        private void OnWindowResized(IntPtr window, int width, int height)
        {
            _width = width;
            _height = height;
        }

        private void OnKeyboard(IntPtr window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods)
        {
            if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
            {
                OnKeyPress((Keys)key, (KeyMods)mods);
            }
        }

        protected virtual void OnKeyPress(Keys key, KeyMods mods)
        {
        }

        public void Run()
        {
            _stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

            while (glfwWindowShouldClose(_window) == 0)
            {
                glfwPollEvents();

                Tick();
            }
        }

        private void Tick()
        {
            float currentElapsed = (float)_stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds;
            float deltaElapsed = currentElapsed - _lastElapsed;
            _elapsedSinceLastFrame += deltaElapsed;
            _lastElapsed = currentElapsed;

            bool shouldDraw = _elapsedSinceLastFrame >= TimeBetweenFrames;

            while (_elapsedSinceLastFrame >= TimeBetweenFrames)
            {
                Update(_elapsedSinceLastFrame);
                _elapsedSinceLastFrame -= TimeBetweenFrames;
            }

            if (shouldDraw)
            {
                Draw();
                glfwSwapBuffers(_window);
                FramesPerSecond++;
            }

            _fpsElapsed += deltaElapsed;

            if (_fpsElapsed >= 1000.0f)
            {
                _fpsElapsed -= 1000.0f;
                FramesPerSecond = 0;
            }
        }

        protected virtual void Update(float elapsed)
        {
        }

        protected virtual void Draw()
        {
        }
    }
}