With Super Bowl coming up this year, you're probably thinking of having a few of the boys around. Whether you're hosting a huge bash in your house or going to a friend's, you'll need some essential gadgets to help you get the most of the Super Bowl celebration. And of course to impress your friends.
If you're thinking of serving your guests some grilled hamburgers, chicken, hotdogs, steaks and so much more, then the Grill Sergeant Apron is a must have for Super Bowl. This all-purpose apron can hold all your grilling essentials, making grilling more convenient and fun.
Every awesome Super Bowl party demands the provision of alcohol. To ensure the availability of cold beers for your friends, the Beer Froster Fridge is an essential gadget for any Super Bowl party. The beer at your party will likely be the coldest in town as the Froster Fridge is designed to keep your beer at a chilling 24 degrees without freezing.
Super Bowl at home just got better with the HD throw projector from Philips. It's simple to set-up and includes Dolby Digital 2.1, built in loudspeakers and a sub-woofer. With the Philips Screeneo you'll get full HD 1080p to a size of 50″ when only 4″ from the wall or screen. It's ultra portable too, meaning if you're not hosting the party, you can bring it along with you to really impress.
If you're making dips for the Super Bowl party, you'll need a good stick blender. The stainless steel immersion blenders by Cuisinart are excellent for dips, sauces, soups, mayonnaise and milkshakes. You can impress your guest with homemade dips using the Cuisinart Smartstick Immersion Blender.
The Vizio Sound Bar 5.1 Surround Sound Home Theater delivers high-quality sound so that you can listen to all the actions. Watching the game with poor quality sound systems can be frustrating, but with this gadget the game just got better. Not only does it have an attractive look, it's ideal for HDTVs that are 40 inches or larger and has Google Cast built in for streaming from your Android devices. Your friends will no doubt be excited to watch the Super Bowl games in your house.
The Excalibur Electronics NFL Football Remote is a great accessory for the Super Ball party. Your guests will certainly be envious of this football- shaped remote that allows you to control multiple electronics ranging from television, sound systems and a host of others.
At the end of the game, just when everyone thinks the party is over you can set up the Soulo Karaoke to spice up the party. In the absence of a Rock Band set, use a Soulo system and download the iOS app. The pitch enhancement feature available on the wireless microphone auto-tunes your voice and if you wish you can create amusing effects to entertain your guests.
For the ladies in the house who are not beer freaks, you can blend up the best margaritas with the Dual Wave Versatile Blender. To make it even better, you can blend two different flavors simultaneously.
In the midst of all the Super Bowl fun, use Beer Pagers to keep track of your beer. These electronic drink holders keep your beer cold and help you find it when you can't remember where you last kept it. It's also portable and fun to use as each type of Beer Pager produces a unique, amusing sound. You can even get Larry The Cable Guy if you want.
The Presto Pizzazz Pizza Oven keeps all your yummy finger foods warm. This electric pizza oven does not need preheating, so cooking is faster, allowing you more time to watch the game. It's also user-friendly.
The arm extender makes snacking more convenient. While watching the game, you might want to get a hold of those crunchy nachos or Doritos on the other end of the table. Too lazy to stand up? Well, the arm extender enables you to grab those chips without distracting others.
This amazing gadget has 5 separate cooking options, allowing you to grill burgers, cook bacon and make Paninis among others. With the Cuisinart Griddler, you can do your grilling in your kitchen, and it can cook at different temperatures all at once. The cooking consistency and versatility of this indoor electric grill guarantees that your guests are provided with stellar and delicious meals right on time.
The Clicker universal remote and bottle opener is an essential item for your Super Bowl party. Plan to get one of these so you don't miss out on the game while searching for a bottle opener. This well-constructed gadget can control up to eight devices, and it works with different cable and satellite providers. Your friends will no doubt be impressed with the versatility of the remote, while not having to miss a minute of the game.
In the spirit of football season, get a Football Cocktail Shaker and mix some of your favorite drinks to the delight of your guests. It's made from stainless steel, and it's also durable and simple to use. Shake up some fun and get the party started with some lovely cocktails.
By the time the Super Bowl party is over, your friends will stagger home, and you'll be left with a huge mess. Too tired to do some cleaning? The Roomba vacuum cleaner is the perfect remedy for your cleaning troubles. It even comes with it's own app for your phone, so you can clean your home while you're on the go. This gadget is ideal for hardwood floors and carpets while reaching those hard to get places. With a multitude of sensors, automatic scheduling, and self-charging you can go to sleep and be sure to wake up the next morning to a bright home. It is the ultimate gadget for Super Bowl party.
Home Automation Hub Comparison: Which Is Best For 2017?


In may 2015 I had the opportunity to visit the Hotel Okura located in central Tokyo and directly across the road from the US Embassy, shortly before its controversial demolition for redevelopment. I was given permission to photograph in the public areas of the original hotel building, a beautiful example of mid C20 modernism, outstanding in its detailed and meticulous design — blending motifs and materials from traditional Edo period Japan with western modernism. in the 1960s it was a byword for luxury and modernity in Japan's newly confident, burgeoning, re-built post-war economy. In the film "Walk Don't Run" it provided a backdrop for Cary Grant's bemused and bewildered visitor to Tokyo during the first Tokyo Olympics. Although in the film he didn't appear any too pleased with the service he received there, I have to say that I was met with flawless politeness and hospitality.
The decision to redesign and redevelop the hotel has been widely criticised as an act of philistine corporate vandalism, despite assurances that the original spirit of the hotel would be preserved in the re-use or faithful reproduction of many of the fixtures and fittings from the original building. The new Tokyo Okura will be enclosed inside a glass and steel rectangular shell, revealing little if any of the character of the original building. The architect for that building was Yoshiro Taniguchi, and the redevelopment is being led by his son Yoshio Taniguchi who has declared his determination to reformulate the spirit of this gem of mid-century modernism in keeping with his father's vision. Whether that determination can result in anything more than a plaintive evocation, for those who have been fortunate enough to experience the first Okura, will not be established until 2019 when the hotel re-opens for Tokyo's second olympics, and Tokyo's second Okura.


text:
Debbie Millbern Powers
About My Memoir
Signed & Gift Copies
NPR Radio Book Club Broadcast
Newspaper Story
Stephanie Miller Talk Show
First Coast Connect Radio Show
WHAT THEY'RE SAYING ABOUT MEETING HER MATCH:
"The best witnesses and story-tellers are people who lived on both sides of a profound change, and the very best are those who were victimized before unshackled. I have not seen anything on this topic written so beautifully, so painfully, and so descriptively. Debbie makes the injustices, triumphs, frustrations, and breakthroughs more than just believable. They are feel-able!"
Bob Hammel, Former Newspaper Sports Editor
"This book is a walk down memory lane, but more important, an accurate depiction of the rise and evolution of women's athletics. As a high school coach for twenty-three years and a college coach for eleven, I have witnessed the days when opportunities for females were slim to none, to today when incredible experiences abound for all athletes. I loved each chapter of Meeting Her Match, and enjoyed the personal accounts of Debbie's remarkable encounters."
Dave Shondell, Head Women's Volleyball Coach, Purdue University
"It is said that nothing important in life ever comes easy. This book is testimony to how true that really is. Meeting Her Match is clearly one of the best female sports stories ever told."
Steve Shondell, Hall of Fame Volleyball Coach
"Debbie has accurately captured the essence of the times with insight into the challenges female athletes faced before the passage of Title IX. This book made me feel like I was on her team, experiencing every ounce of passion with each bounce of the leather ball."
Cheryl Feeney, Athletic Director & Former College Athlete
"Coach Millbern's memoir really hits the mark! It's not every day that one gets to read a book about her own memorable past! As one of Coach Millbern's high school athletes, it was a joy to read her story and learn what was going on "behind the scenes." Coach Millbern was my role model on the court and in life. Thank you, Coach, for your inspiration!"
Tricia Liston Kitchell, Physical Educator & Former High School Volleyball Player
"Little did our high school volleyball team know that we were about to encounter one of the largest challenges of our young lives . . . and HE was 6'3"! Through this memoir I relived the thrills and chills of what it took to be a champion both on and off the court. Because of Debbie's positive influence, many of us former players became teachers and coaches."
Cindy Parker Nestel, Retired Teacher & Former High School Volleyball Player

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Author: Stephen Chbosky
Narrator: Noah Galvin
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Audio
Genre: Fiction - Coming Of Age
Listen to the cult-favorite coming of age story that takes a sometimes heartbreaking, often hysterical, and always honest look at high school in all its glory. Also a major motion picture starring Logan Lerman and Emma Watson, The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a funny, touching, and haunting modern classic.The critically acclaimed debut novel from Stephen Chbosky, Perks follows observant "wallflower" Charlie as he charts a course through the strange world between adolescence and adulthood. First dates, family drama, and new friends. Sex, drugs, and The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Devastating loss, young love, and life on the fringes. Caught between trying to live his life and trying to run from it, Charlie must learn to navigate those wild and poignant roller-coaster days known as growing up. A #1 New York Times bestseller for more than a year, an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults (2000) and Best Book for Reluctant Readers (2000), and with millions of copies in print, this novel for teens (or "wallflowers" of more-advanced age) will make you laugh, cry, and perhaps feel nostalgic for those moments when you, too, tiptoed onto the dance floor of life.
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time
by Mark Haddon
Christopher John Francis Boone knows all the countries of the world and their capitals and every prime number up to 7,057. He relates well to animals but has no understanding of human emotions. He cannot stand to be touched. And he detests the color...
Narrator: Jeff Woodman
She's Come Undone
by Wally Lamb
Reading Group Discussion Points How does Dolores' life parallel her mother's and how does she ultimately triumph and move beyond her tie to her mother's failures? Discuss the significance of water in the novel—as a symbol of both Dolores' br...
Narrator: Linda Stephens,Kathy Najimy
Boy Swallows Universe
by Trent Dalton
An utterly wonderful debut novel of love, crime, magic, fate and a boy's coming of age, set in 1980s Australia and infused with the originality, charm, pathos, and heart of Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close and The Curious Incident of the D...
Narrator: Stig Wemyss
by Emma Cline
THE INSTANT BESTSELLER • An indelible portrait of girls, the women they become, and that moment in life when everything can go horribly wrong NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Washington Post • NPR • The Guardian • E...
Narrator: Cady McClain
Own the Wind
by Kristen Ashley
Meet the intense and sexy bad boy bikers of the Chaos Motorcycle Club in Tabby and Shy's story from Kristen Ashley's New York Times bestselling series. Too hot to handle . . . Tabitha Allen grew up in the thick of Chaos-the Chaos Motorcycle Club, t...
Narrator: Angela Starling
by Carson Mc Cullers
Carson McCullers was all of twenty-three when she published her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter. She became an overnight literary sensation, and soon such authors as Tennessee Williams were calling her "the greatest prose writer that the ...
Narrator: Cherry Jones
Sussex, England. A middle-aged man returns to his childhood home to attend a funeral. He is drawn to the farm at the end of the road, where, when he was seven, he encountered a most remarkable girl, Lettie Hempstock. He hasn't thought of Lettie in ...
Narrator: Neil Gaiman
"Mine is a story of craving: an unreliable account of lusts and troubles that began, somehow, in 1956 on the day our free television was delivered...." Meet Dolores Price. She's 13, wise-mouthed but wounded, having bid her childhood goodbye. Beached...
The Extraordinary Life of Sam Hell
by Robert Dugoni
Wall Street Journal and New York Times bestselling author Robert Dugoni's coming-of-age story is, according to Booklist, "a novel that, if it doesn't cross entirely over into John Irving territory, certainly nestles in close to the...
Narrator: Robert Dugoni
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text:
CarsMain
Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III BJ8
By Jon C. BranchPosted on June 21, 2017 5min read
The move from the increasingly obsolescent Austin four cylinder engine to the Austin C Series six cylinder engine was not an easy transition for the Big Healey to make, and it was only made necessary because Austin were phasing the four cylinder out of production meaning there was no option other than to migrate the Austin-Healey to the newer six cylinder engine. But the new six cylinder was of smaller capacity than the old four, heavier, and it threw that weight further forward compromising the neutral handling that the Austin-Healey 100/4 had been famous for.
The fitting of the Austin C Series six cylinder engine into the Austin-Healey required that the car be lengthened. This was not such a big problem as the plan was to increase the Austin-Healey's passenger compartment to allow the car to become a 2+2.
The six cylinder engine needed the Austin-Healey to become longer and Donald Healey had already determined that the car needed more space for carrying additional passengers or bags so he already wanted to lengthen it to make it a 2+2. So the Austin-Healey became about six inches longer, and consequently heavier, but the engine as fitted in the first six cylinder model, the 100/6, meant that the car was now slower. Not only was the 100/6 slower to accelerate but the increased weight over the front wheels changed the car's once neutral handling to being one of understeer that had a tendency to convert quickly to oversteer.
Donald Healey believed the Austin-Healey was losing sales because of its limited interior space so he wanted to lengthen the car to provide 2+2 seating and bag carrying capacity.
Although the initial move to the six cylinder engine was to be problematic at first Donald Healey and his design team got to work on getting both the engine up to power and the car's suspension up to the best standard also. The prototype six cylinder Healey was built using a stiffened 100S chassis and that stiffness was carried through to the production 100/6 and 3000 cars. The six cylinder engines went through some development work which included speed record runs at the Bonneville Salt Flats in 1954 using two cars that had previously been Bonneville record setters with four cylinder engines, now fitted with heavily modified six cylinder engines. One of these cars, a streamliner, had a supercharged version of the six cylinder engine producing 292hp whilst the other car was conventionally aspirated. Both featured new six port cylinder heads and separate intake manifolds instead of the integral ones being used on the Austin C Series production engines. Donald Healey himself drove the supercharged streamliner up to an impressive 204mph whilst the conventionally aspirated car set a few records including a six hours average of 146mph. The achievements showed the promise of the six cylinder engine although the team blew a few engines up whilst they were record setting.
The Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III BJ8 was without doubt the best of the Big Healeys. With wind-up windows, wood veneer dashboard and quite luxurious interior this car also had the performance to match its looks.
In March 1959 the Austin-Healey was fitted with a new 29D version of the Austin C Series engine to become the Austin-Healey 3000. This new engine version having its capacity increased to 2,912cc/178 cu. in. generating 124hp and 162 lb/ft torque. Added to that was a new and much better gearbox and front disc brakes. The Austin-Healey 3000 would get from standing to 60mph in ten seconds and boasted a top speed of 115mph. There was still plenty of room for improvement however and that came in 1961 with the Austin-Healey 3000 Mk II which was fitted with the 29E version of the engine breathing through triple SU carburettors and producing 132 hp. The Austin-Healey 3000 were racking up good competition successes but more was needed than just competition success to sell cars on the showroom floor. The Jaguar E type was now in the marketplace and the Austin-Healey also had to compete with the Triumph TR4 and the new Datsun Fairlady both with good weatherproofing including wind-up side windows. The answer was going to need to be a new body style and this appeared in 1962 complete with wind-up side windows with quarter vents and matching new windscreen. The engine traded the triple SU carburettor set up for a pair of SU HS6 which did not affect the power output but was less fussy to tune. The big change happened in October 1963 however with the introduction of Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III BJ8 with a completely revised interior, power assisted front disc brakes, and a much improved engine mated to a four speed gearbox with Laycock de Normaville electric overdrive. The new interior featured a wood veneer dashboard and all the creature comforts of luxurious sports car motoring. The 29K engine's power increased to 148hp with 165lb/ft torque thanks to a revised higher lift camshaft combined with twin SU HS8 carburettors giving it 2″ inlets to breath through.
With the tonneau cover on the Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III BJ8 becomes a business like sports car.
The BJ8 was further upgraded in May 1964 with a new frame and substantially revised rear suspension with longer leaf springs and trailing arms to positively locate the rear axle. These Phase II cars are the cream of the crop of all the Big Healeys and were to be the last made before production was brought to an end in 1967, with one solitary car hand assembled in 1968.
Late model BJ8 cars have separate indicator and park lights.
The 1967 British Racing Green with black interior Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III BJ8 Phase II in our pictures is a fully restored example of the last and finest of the Big Healeys. This car was subject to a frame up restoration in 1996 and its engine produces 180hp. This car is coming up for sale by RM Sotheby's on June 24, 2017, at their Santa Monica auction.
You will find the sale page for this car if you click here.
Boot space in an Austin-Healey 3000 is a bit limited, but adequate, especially given the space on the occasional 2+2 seats behind the driver and passenger.
Many British sports car enthusiasts, this writer included, believe the Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III Phase II to be the most desirable British sports car ever made. Its not the fastest nor the best handling British sports car but it has a distinctive character about it that makes it a car that many prefer over all others and that character is derived both from its aesthetics and the driving experience which can only be described as inspiring. Donald Healey tried to keep the car in production and three prototype Austin-Healey 4000 cars were built with a 3,909cc/239 cu. in. Rolls-Royce FB60 engine. This required the Austin-Healey 3000 chassis to be widened by six inches to fit the all alloy Rolls-Royce six in but the resulting car had the potential to be a superb successor to the BJ8 Phase II. The Rolls-Royce engine produced 175hp with torque of 218 lb/ft and did it in a refined style that the Austin engine could not match. However, with BMC dealing with hard times and the British Leyland merger happening it did not matter how impressive the Austin-Healey 4000 was, the project was consigned to the "might have been" scrap heap and the three prototypes went to nice homes with enthusiasts. So the Austin-Healey 3000 Mk III Phase II remains the greatest Big Healey ever produced.
(All pictures courtesy RM Sotheby's).
Jon C. Branch
Jon Branch is the founder and senior editor of Revivaler and has written a significant number of articles for various publications including official Buying Guides for eBay, classic car articles for Hagerty, magazine articles for both the Australian Shooters Journal and the Australian Shooter, and he's a long time contributor to Silodrome.
Jon has done radio, television, magazine and newspaper interviews on various issues, and has traveled extensively, having lived in Britain, Australia, China and Hong Kong. His travels have taken him to Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan and a number of other countries. He has studied the Japanese sword arts and has a long history of involvement in the shooting sports, which has included authoring submissions to government on various firearms related issues and assisting in the design and establishment of shooting ranges.
Jon Branch is the founder and senior editor of Revivaler and has written a significant number of articles for various publications including official Buying Guides for eBay, classic car articles for Hagerty, magazine articles for both the Australian Shooters Journal and the Australian Shooter, and he's a long time contributor to Silodrome. Jon has done radio, television, magazine and newspaper interviews on various issues, and has traveled extensively, having lived in Britain, Australia, China and Hong Kong. His travels have taken him to Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan and a number of other countries. He has studied the Japanese sword arts and has a long history of involvement in the shooting sports, which has included authoring submissions to government on various firearms related issues and assisting in the design and establishment of shooting ranges.
U.S. Springfield Armory Model 1911 Pistol
Leica ER 5 Riflescopes
Lancaster Bore Russian Sporting Guns
The .470 Capstick
DWM Swiss Model 1900 Luger Carbine
1963 Johnson Shipley Bonneville Land Speed Record Holder
1928 Citroën AC4 Barn Find
Dale Goens Custom .458 Winchester Magnum


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text:
<?php

use yii\db\Migration;

class m160405_224052_insert extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        $this->addColumn('carona','idCriador',$this->integer(11));
        $this->addForeignKey('fk_idCriador','carona', 'idCriador','usuario','idusuario');
    }

    public function down()
    {

        $this->dropForeignKey('fk_idCriador','usuario_carona');
        $this->dropColumn('usuario_carona','idCriador');
        return true;
    }

    /*
    // Use safeUp/safeDown to run migration code within a transaction
    public function safeUp()
    {
    }

    public function safeDown()
    {
    }
    */
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Call of Duty, this is the name which leads the gaming world. It is an interactive role playing war game which made the world to surprise by its well renowned graphics and this is the game that changed the attitude of a gamer towards the game.
Activision and Sledge hammer games collaborated to have a wonderful game for us. When we played the game we were spell bound with the graphics and the approach of the game. Frankly speaking we are not interested to play any game other than Call of Duty. There are many games which are built on the theme of role playing but Call of Duty beats them all. After playing the game people began to feel as if they are like a veteran and saved the world from the crisis. Thanks for making the us to involve in the game says one of the pro-gamers.
Ben Chichoski, the man who created this game. He is a man of value $120 million. So actually how did they create such a game which has perfect facial structures and emotions. There is an official explanation from the people who designed the game. They have used state of art facial recognition system and motion capture technology to capture the face movements and expressions. So, all the characters in the game are real.
They have a military team which helps them to design the game and the story which makes the game more realistic. So, this is a shocking fact.
The designers took nearly three years to complete Advanced Warfare. They took very serious measures to design the weapons that look very sophisticated as the game proceeds 40 years later from now.
So, those people work so hard to put a great show for us. Mergify salutes you.


Like many of us, the religion-scholar and popular author, Karen Armstrong, spent decades waiting for God. Raised a Roman Catholic, God remained a shadowy figure even as she sat through countless sermons and countless catechism classes. God, described to her in abstract terms, meant little to her. God existed—of this, Armstrong was certain, at least on an intellectual level—but God remained out of reach, too remote to become a reality for her.
Armstrong has more patience than the average Joe or Jane and so she continued to wait for God. She was convinced that if she kept up her efforts to find God, she would eventually be rewarded by a vision that "would transfigure the whole of created reality." To prepare for this vision, she joined an order of nuns.
Armstrong never did glimpse "the God described by the prophets and mystics." She suffered from what some call "spiritual dryness." Except that she'd never been blessed with a period of spiritual wetness to help her through the dryness. Unable to maintain the status quo, she decided, with regret, to abandon the religious life. Soon, her belief in God's existence slipped away.
Although she'd stopped hoping for an encounter with God, Armstrong maintained her academic study of the history of religions. Ultimately, the research that went into writing her bestseller, The History of God, put her in touch with clergy from the three "religions of the book"— Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Several of these rabbis, priests, and Sufis offered her this advice. "Instead of waiting for God to descend from on high," they suggested, she "should deliberately create a sense of him for" herself.
Reflecting on her many years of waiting (in vain) for God, she realized that she'd always looked for God who, she'd believed, existed "out there." But God wasn't to be found "out there." God wasn't an ordinary object like a glass or a plate or a table. God wasn't an object she could pick up and examine.
Must something exist to be real? Tough question. Lucky for us that Armstrong likes brainteasers of this sort. After pondering the question, she decided that she could set aside the question of God's existence. By setting aside that question, she freed herself to create a sense of God's reality for herself. She could even make her sense of God the most important reality.
Hallelujah. Her wait was over. She had finally found God.
Here's a note of concern, though. Armstrong's God is no doubt as lovely and gentle as the poetry and music she finds inspiring. But (there's always a but, isn't there?) for the rest of us, are checks needed on the sense of God we create for ourselves? How do we put a damper on creating a sense of God Who looks like a green-eyed spaghetti monster? The part about the green eyes is too over-the-top for an acceptable God, don't you agree? Seriously, how do we put a damper on say, a sense of God Who looks the other way when we make promises we don't intend to keep? Or worst, Who orders us to harm or kill others? Here, the September-11-2001 terrorists' God comes to mind.
Reference: Karen Armstrong, A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (New York: Ballantine Books, 1993).
Who orders us to harm and kill others. For a start it is not god, who we believe if he does exist is a god of love, so who does that leave Karen, who else in this world of ours would harm us and others. Those who do not believe in god, blame him for everything, for they believe that the buck stops with him. For after all he can stop evil with the drop of a hat and put everything that is so wrong with us humans, which is true, he can do all these wonderful things, but he does not. So you have got to ask yourself, Why? And when you find that out, you will see god in a hole new GOD.
Clues, Start with Adam and Eve and move down through the years of stories, it's all there for you to see, why god is powerless to help us at the moment. But then he did say that we humans would be blind and deft to his word.
Search and you will find, for time is near, for god has taken of our blinkers to see.
Sorry William but your "God of Love" does not align very well with observable reality. Watch a few wildlife programs and then come back here and talk about your "God of Love". Engage in a cursory overview of human history and then tell us all about your "God of Love". If Karen Armstrong and others want to make God in *their* image aka imagine a God that fits in with their desires aka *wishful thinking* about God they can do that but the imaginary God that they created in their minds almost certainly will not align very well with the God that really exists. . .
People need to stop creating an imaginary in quotation marks "God" in "their image" as it were and start responsibly dealing with the image of God as God actually is.
Is the part about the purely *symbolic* total solar eclipse "Eye of God" aka "Sign in the Heavens" too over-the-top for an acceptable God? If so, all I can say is take it up with the God aka Creator of the Universe who is actually responsible for designing and creating that readily perceivable cosmic symbolism which has significantly influenced humanity's religious beliefs and practices in the past. It's here (and has been for millennia). It's just a bit queer (in the original sense of the word). Get used to it. . .


text:
Saving the Humanities
Postmodern Conservative
By Alex McHugh
About Alex McHugh
Are the humanities doomed? It depends on who you ask. And what you consider "the humanities" to encompass. That definition has changed in the past few decades, says Mark Bauerlein in an important New Criterion article earlier this month. And it is this change, he claims, that has damned the field.
As the wave of postmodernism washed across the humanities, the carefully developed technique and discipline of the historian or professor of literature were eroded piece by piece. And when the rigorous techniques of inquiry and the classic works on which they focused were exiled, scholars of the humanities made themselves comfortable in the space previously dominated by social sciences: identity and politics. This, he notes, was the explicit goal and project of critical theorists throughout the 1990s, and a massive mistake.
He goes on to attack the postmodern school and critical theory from many angles. Relativism, for instance, levels "Paradise Lost with The Joy Luck Club." We've landed today at a sort of middle ground — he calls it "curricular liberalism" — the classics can stay, but they must make room for critical theory and identity-based examinations of art and literature. And all approaches must be given equal weight — regardless of rigor or importance. Bauerlein nods here to ACTA's 2014–15 What Will They Learn? report, which tracks core-curricular requirements at nearly 1,100 schools and decries the "distribution requirement" model in which students are required to pick a series of classes from long lists rather than fulfill more-focused requirements that address core collegiate skills and knowledge.
Bauerlein takes great issue with this development, which he sees as the reason for the decline in the popularity and respect afforded the humanities, writing that "the minute professors started speaking of literary works as second to race and queerness, they set the fields on a path of material decline."
Humanists rather ought to concern themselves with questions of beauty and greatness, Bauerlein says. They ought to grapple with the "big ideas," with territory of the mind and spirit that no other discipline can chart. Arthur Krystal, in a similar piece, blames neuroscience as well as critical theory, but the charge is the same: "Instead of grappling with the gods, we seem to be more interested in the topography of Mt. Olympus."
Bauerlein and Krystal both take a pessimistic view of possible futures for the humanities. "Curricular liberalism," as they see it, has won out; without requirements that one study the classics, students won't. And, ironically, postmodernism itself has lost, for to jump into critical theory without an understanding of the thousands of years of the Western canon, of which that theory is critical, is to engage in a comically hollow pursuit. The mistake in allowing students to study Foucault without reading Kant or Nietzsche is that postmodern thought did not spring fully formed from academe. If the pursuit is to have any semblance of integrity, it must be an informed conversation with and about that canon.
Bauerlein reminds us that many critical theorists agreed with him: "Jacques Derrida himself scolded academics in a 1991 interview for downgrading the classics, stating, 'If you're not trained in the tradition, deconstruction means nothing.'" The terrible tragedy for the humanities is that its decline in funding and public support is a self-inflicted wound. Until it reclaims and nourishes its roots, its fruit will sustain nothing.
Alex McHugh — Alex McHugh is a research associate at the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA). He also coordinates ACTA¹s social media presence. He graduated from American University in 2014 with ...


text:
Is Luxury Dead? Maybe Not According to Consultant Tim Arnold
Co-Hosts Brad TForsythe and Ray Schilens interview legendary Art Director George Lois. George Lois is the most creative, prolific advertising communicator of our time. Running his own ad agencies, he is renowned for dozens of marketing miracles that triggered innovative and populist changes in American (and world) culture. In his twenties he was a pioneer of the landmark Creative Revolution in American Advertising. He introduced and popularized the Xerox culture; he created the concept and prototype design for the New York supplement for the Herald Tribune (the forerunner of New York magazine); made a failing MTV a huge success with his "I Want My MTV" campaign; helped create and introduce VH1; created a new marketing category, Gourmet Frozen Foods, with his name Lean Cuisine; and (by inventing yet another new marketing phenomenon) persuaded America to change their motor oil at thousands of Jiffy Lube stations. He made the totally unknown Tommy Hilfiger immediately famous with just one ad; and saved USA Today from extinction with his breakthrough "singing" TV campaign. In 1994, almost overnight, he changed the perception of ESPN from a "Demolition Derby" sports channel to the number one sports network with his dynamic "In Your Face" campaign. Additionally he created the winning ad campaigns for four U.S.Senators: Jacob Javits (R-NY); Warren Magnuson (D-WA); Minority Leader Hugh Scott (R-PA); Robert Kennedy (D-NY). His list of breakthrough ad campaigns goes on and on. Additionally, the only music video he created, Jokerman by Bob Dylan, won the MTV Best Music Video of the Year Award in 1983. George Lois is the only person in the world inducted into The Art Directors Hall of Fame, The One Club Creative Hall of Fame, with Lifetime Achievement Awards from the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Society of Publication Designers, as well as a subject of the Master Series at the School of Visual Arts. He is the author of George, be Careful (Saturday Review Press, 1972), an autobiography; The Art of Advertising (Abrams, 1976), praised as "the bible of mass communications"; What's the Big Idea? (Doubleday, 1991), used as a text book in college communications courses all over the world; Covering the '60s (The Monacelli Press, 1996), presenting his iconic Esquire covers during that turbulent decade; $ellebrity (Phaidon, 2003), a brilliantly reviewed book dealing with his extraordinary campaigns using celebrities in fresh and outrageous ways; Ali Rap, The First Heavyweight Champion of Rap (Taschen/ESPN, 2006), a compilation of over 300 rap rhythms, witticisms, insults and wisecracks from Muhammad Ali, wittily and powerfully visualized; and Iconic America (Rizzoli/Universe, 2007), a roller coaster ride through the eye-popping panorama of American pop culture; and his eighth, and most recent book, George Lois on his Creation of The Big Idea (Assouline, 2008), a mind-boggling archeological dig revealing the influences on 100 of his Big Ideas. In 2008 the Museum of Modern Art installed 38 of the iconic Esquire covers in its permanent collection, celebrated by a year-long exhibit: George Lois: The Esquire Covers @ MoMA. A new book celebrating the MoMA installation was published by Assouline in March 2010. For entertaining advice join hosts, Ray Schilens and Brad Forsythe, for a lively and informative discussion."
http://www.theadvertisingshow.com/attachments/articles/1623/110821_Arnold.mp3


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace AMV.CQRS
{
    public static class ModelStateExtensions
    {
        private static string GetErrorMessage(ModelError error, ModelState modelState)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error.ErrorMessage))
            {
                return error.ErrorMessage;
            }
            if (modelState.Value == null)
            {
                return error.ErrorMessage;
            }
            var args = new object[] { modelState.Value.AttemptedValue };
            return string.Format("ValueNotValidForProperty=The value '{0}' is invalid", args);
        }

        public static object SerializeErrors(this ModelStateDictionary modelState)
        {
            return modelState.Where(entry => entry.Value.Errors.Any())
                .ToDictionary(entry => entry.Key, entry => SerializeModelState(entry.Value));
        }

        private static Dictionary<string, object> SerializeModelState(ModelState modelState)
        {
            var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            dictionary["errors"] = modelState.Errors.Select(x => GetErrorMessage(x, modelState)).ToArray();
            return dictionary;
        }

        public static void AddErrorMessage(this ModelStateDictionary modelStateDictionary, ErrorMessage error)
        {
            modelStateDictionary.AddModelError(error.FieldName, error.Message);
        }

        public static void AddErrorMessages(this ModelStateDictionary modelStateDictionary, ErrorList errors)
        {
            foreach (var error in errors)
            {
                modelStateDictionary.AddErrorMessage(error);
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
(function () {
    'use strict';

    var historyModule = angular.module("flexget.plugins.history", ['angular.filter']);

    registerPlugin(historyModule);

    historyModule.run(function (route, sideNav) {
        route.register('history', '/history', 'history-view');
        sideNav.register('/history', 'History', 'fa fa-history', 30);
    });

})();


text:
Q: Множественный UPDATE одим запросом с условием? Переменная $seach содержит 47,21
Как обновить записи в таблицы access_folders где  user_id не равен индитификаторам в переменной $seach
Набросал такой код, но он обновляет там где user_id равен тому что в $seach
$sql = "UPDATE `access_folders` SET `disallow`=`1` WHERE user_id IN(".$search.") ";
$query = mysqli_query($db,$sql) or die("Ошибка: " . mysqli_error($db));

A: Пример:
$db_name = 'database_name';
$host = 'localhost';
$login = 'root';
$password = '1111';

$dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db_name", $login, $password);

Дальше можно разсмотреть случай с таблицей
test

id   value

Имеем массив в котором ключ это id строки которую нужно изменить, а значение это value которое нужно установить в даной строке.
$update_values = array(
  2 => 6865,
  3 => 28635,
  45 => 32,
);

Запрос который делает update многих строк виглядит следующим образом
UPDATE mytable SET
    field_1 = CASE
      WHEN id = 1 THEN 'value_field_1'
      WHEN id = 2 THEN 'value_field_2'
        ELSE 'default_value_field_1'
      END,
    field_2 = CASE
      WHEN id = 1 THEN 'value_field_2'
      WHEN id = 2 THEN 'value_field_2'
        ELSE 'default_value_field_2'
      END
WHERE id IN (1,2);

Сгенерируем его на PHP
  $sql = 'UPDATE test SET value = CASE id ';

  $keys_update_values = array_keys($update_values);
  foreach ($keys_update_values as $id) {
    $sql .= ' WHEN ' . $id . ' THEN :logo_name_' . $id;
  }
  $sql .= ' END WHERE id IN (' . implode($keys_update_values, ',') . ')';

  $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);

  foreach ($keys_update_values as $id) {
    $sth->bindParam(':logo_name_' . $id, $update_values[$id]);
  }
  $sth->execute();

  $dbh = null;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Poales es un taxón de plantas ubicado en la categoría taxonómica de orden, utilizado en sistemas de clasificación modernos como el APG III del 2009 y el APWeb (2001 en adelante), en los cuales está circunscripto en forma amplia en comparación a los sistemas de clasificación tradicionales (por ejemplo, esta circunscripción se acerca a la de Commelinidae de Cronquist, 1981). Como aquí definido, el orden consta de 16 familias con más de 18000 especies, entre ellas se encuentra la familia Poaceae (pastos, cereales, bambú), que es probablemente la familia de angiospermas de mayor importancia económica, y también la acompañan otras como las tifáceas (la familia de la totora), las bromeliáceas (la familia del ananá y el clavel del aire), las ciperáceas (de una de ellas se produce el papiro), y las juncáceas (la familia de los juncos y plantas afines). Las Poales son hierbas, muchas de ellas con polinización anemófila (por viento), con pérdida de los nectarios septales; el síndrome de caracteres de la polinización anemófila se ha desarrollado muchas veces en forma independiente dentro del clado. Además se caracterizan por poseer cuerpos de sílice en la epidermis, por haber perdido los cristales de rafidio, y por poseer flores con perianto claramente dividido en cáliz y corola, con estilos bien desarrollados y fuertemente ramificados.

Descripción
Introducción teórica en Terminología descriptiva de las plantas

Muchos caracteres, morfológicos y de ADN, dan sostén a este clado, son posibles sinapomorfías: los vasos también en tallo y hojas, los cuerpos de sílice (SiO2) en la epidermis, la pérdida de los cristales de rafidio, el perianto que consta de cáliz + corola, la micropila biestomal, el estilo bien desarrollado y fuertemente ramificado, los estigmas pequeños, secos, el desarrollo del endosperma nuclear, el cotiledón unifacial ("hyperphyllar") y haustorial, y la pérdida del gen mitocondrial sdh3.

A la fecha de edición de este artículo (enero de 2009) no había información sobre el tamaño del embrión en Poales.

Algunos genes mitocondriales de Poales muestran una evolución acelerada (Graham et al. 2006, G. Petersen et al. 2006b).

 Ecología

La polinización anemófila (por viento), con la pérdida de los nectarios septales, se ha desarrollado muchas veces en forma independiente dentro de Poales, y es característica de Typhaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Restionaceae y Poaceae.

 Diversidad

La diversidad taxonómica de las monocotiledóneas está presentada en detalle por Kubitzki (1998, 2006).

A continuación una lista de la diversidad de Poales. Las descripciones son deliberadamente incompletas. Para más información siga los enlaces.

 Filogenia Introducción teórica en Filogenia

La monofilia del orden, como aquí delimitado, tiene buen sostén de los análisis moleculares de ADN (Chase et al. 1995, 2000, 2006, Davis et al. 2004, Graham et al. 2006, Soltis et al. 2000). Las posibles sinapomorfías morfológicas ya fueron expuestas en la sección de caracteres.

Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae y Juncaceae al menos tienen raíces laterales que se originan opuestas al floema del tejido vascular, en Restionaceae y Bromeliaceae se originan opuestas al xilema. Al menos algunos grupos de Poaceae y Cyperaceae tienen las paredes epidérmicas externas de sus raíces con una orientación de la celulosa distintiva, mientras que algunos Typhaceae y Bromeliaceae no las tienen (Kerstens y Verbelen 2002,) pero el muestreo aún es muy bajo para sacar conclusiones.

Algunos autores han puesto objeciones a la inclusión de tantas familias en Poales (por ejemplo Judd et al. 1999, pero no en la segunda edición de 2002 ni en la tercera del 2007), argumentando que el orden es muy grande y diverso, pero en esa época las relaciones entre las familias eran muy imprecisas como para justificar el reconocimiento de órdenes adicionales extraídos de este clado, además de que sí fueron reconocidos otros órdenes, como Asparagales o Commelinales, que competían con Poales en tamaño o diversidad, finalmente, Poales sensu lato tiene una edad comparable a la de otros clados que también fueron ubicados en la categoría taxonómica de orden, por lo que debería ser ubicado en esa categoría si se pretende tener en la misma categoría taxonómica a clados que posean más o menos la misma edad (Bremer 2002). Para no reconocer como orden a Poales como aquí circunscripto, Judd et al. (1999) también debieron reconocer muchos órdenes monotípicos, como Typhales y Bromeliales. Hoy en día, tanto Judd et al. (2007) como sistemas de clasificación modernos como el APG II (2003) y el APWeb (2001 en adelante), circunscriben a Poales en sentido amplio, que es como aquí está expuesto.

Chase et al. (2005) encontró al menos algo de apoyo para dos subclados que Judd et al. (1999) reconocieron como órdenes: Juncales (100 % de bootstrap), con las familias Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Thurniaceae y Poales sensu stricto (73 % de bootstrap), con las familias Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Joinvilleaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae y Poaceae. En ediciones posteriores del libro los clados fueron llamados "el clado de las ciperáceas/juncos" y "el núcleo de los Poales".

Los clados principales de Poales se representan en el siguiente cladograma (Judd et al. 2007):

El cladograma completo, según el APWeb (a enero de 2009):

Familias basales: Typhaceae sensu lato, Bromeliaceae

Bromeliaceae ha sido vista durante mucho tiempo como una familia aislada con relaciones poco claras (Dahlgren et al. 1985), que a través de su morfológicamente similar (pero ahora se sabe que lejanamente emparentada) Velloziaceae podría haber estado asociada a las lilioides, o quizás, si hubiera estado emparentada con Haemodoraceae y Pontederiaceae, como algunos suponían, podía haber estado asociada con Commelinales, o quizás también, a través de Eriocaulaceae y Xyridaceae, a Poales. Como efectivamente se demostró que es un miembro del clado basal de Poales, sus similitudes con Liliales y Commelinales deben ser probablemente simplesiomorfías. Las bromeliáceas son hierbas arrosetadas, muchas veces epífitas con pelos lepidotos y flores bracteadas.

Typha y Sparganium fueron ubicadas en sus propias familias monogenéricas por el APG II (2003,) pero algunos autores (Kubitzki 1998b, Judd et al. 2002, 2007, APWeb visitado en el 2009) las combinan en Typhaceae sensu lato, la circunscripción presentada aquí, ya que presentan muchos caracteres morfológicos compartidos. Los dos géneros son hierbas rizomatosas, emergentes o de charcos y cursos de agua, con hojas dísticas y flores pequeñas y numerosísimas dispuestas en inflorescencias complejas, siempre las flores femeninas están por debajo de las masculinas.

Typhaceae sensu lato y Bromeliaceae están aisladas y probablemente representan clados que divergieron tempranamente dentro del orden. Bremer (2002) determinó que Typhaceae sensu lato era el clado hermano de Bromeliaceae. Los caracteres que unen a las bromeliáceas con las tifáceas en sentido amplio incluyen la pérdida del gen mitocondrial sdh4 (Adams et al. 2002), una deleción de 3 nucleótidos en el gen atpA (Davis et al. 2004), la formación de un endosperma helobial y el tapete ameboide. Las diferencias principales son que Typhaceae es polinizada por viento, mientras que Bromeliaceae lo es por insectos. Estas familias forman un clado en los análisis moleculares pero el apoyo bootstrap no es muy alto (pero véase también Givnish et al. 2005, 2008; comparar con Givnish et al. 2006) El patrón general de transferencia de genes de la mitocondria al núcleo es interesante y sugiere que [Bromeliaceae + Typhaceae] es un clado hermano del resto de los Poales (Adams y Palmer 2003).

Bromeliaceae, Sparganium y Typha son muchas veces ramas basales de Poales (Givnish et al. 2005, 2008, también Graham et al. 2006). Graham et al. (2006) también encontraron una tasa de cambio acelerada en los genes cloroplastídicos que secuenciaron de Poales, pero no en ninguna de estas tres familias.

Rapateaceae

Los caracteres que caracterizan al clado que sigue al desprendimiento de [Typhaceae + Bromeliaceae] son: poca acumulación de oxalato y el embrión diminuto y más o menos indiferenciado.

La exacta condición del embrión del ancestro de este grupo es poco clara. Malcomber et al. (2006) describió el embrión de Joinvilleaceae y Ecdeiocoleaceae como indiferenciado, los embriones de Centrolepidaceae parecen ser indiferenciados (Hamann 1975), los de Restionaceae, largamente indiferenciados (Linder et al. 1998a, b, c), los de Mayacaceae, indiferenciados (Stevenson 1998), los de Eriocaulaceae, "pobremente diferenciados" o "sin diferenciación exomorfológica" (Stützel 1998). Los embriones del grupo Cyperaceae son descriptos como pequeños, pero son más o menos diferenciados. Más allá del estado de diferenciación, el embrión es ancho.

Para la acumulación de oxalato, ver Zindler-Frank (1976), a la fecha de edición de este artículo (enero de 2009) no se conoce la acumulación de oxalato en Xyridaceae ni Eriocaulaceae (el último al menos tiene cristales de oxalato de calcio) ni en las familias más pequeñas del clado Anarthriaceae-Poacaeae.

Rapateaceae son hierbas arrosetadas que pueden alcanzar tamaños enormes, sus flores están dispuestas en inflorescencias al final de un escapo, las flores son grandes con dos verticilos de perianto y seis anteras de dehiscencia poricida. Debido a sus caracteres morfológicos muchos autores la compararon con Xyridaceae (como Cronquist 1981, Dahlgren et al. 1985), pero hoy en día está clara su posición como hermana del clado que contiene a todas las Poales salvo Typhaceae y Bromeliaceae (es decir, Xyridaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae y familias afines); lo que indica que sus parecidos son Xyridaceae con paralelismos. En algunos análisis Rapateaceae llegó a aparecer como hermana de los demás Poales (por ejemplo en Davis et al. 2004), pero el apoyo era muy bajo. Rapateaceae tiene una distribución muy particular: se encuentra en áreas aisladas de Sudamérica y el oeste de África, esta distribución se asemeja a la de Bromeliaceae y a la de Xyridaceae. Bromeliaceae y Rapateaceae poseen nectarios septales.

Poales no basales

El clado que sigue al desprendimiento de las rapateáceas está bien sostenido por los análisis moleculares de ADN. No está claro cuáles son los caracteres fuera de los de ADN que unan a este clado, pueden mencionarse el polen trinucleado, la ausencia de nectarios septales y los óvulos tenuinucelados, y quizás también la presencia de isoflavonoides. Dentro de este clado bastante grande, se vislumbran varios subclados bien definidos: (Xyridaceae + Eriocaulaceae), la enigmática Mayacaceae, el clado de las ciperáceas-juncos, y el núcleo de los Poales. Antes también se incluía aquí a Hydatellaceae, otra enigmática familia.

Hay sostén para unir a todas estas familias en un clado (Givnish et al. 2005, Chase et al. 2006), lo cual puede ser compatible con la distribución de la deleción de la repetición inversa ORF 2280 del genoma del cloroplasto y la ausencia de un gen completo accD (Hahn et al. 1995, Katayama y Ogihara 1996).

El clado [Xyridaceae + Eriocaulaceae], la familia Mayacaceae y el clado de las ciperáceas-juncos, podrían formar un clado. Los caracteres que lo unirían serían la presencia de flavonoides, las hojas de disposición espiral, las anteras basifijas, el cáliz persistente en el fruto, las deleciones en la región genómica ORF 2280, la pérdida del gen cloroplastídico accD y la pérdida del gen mitocondrial sdh4. Kubitzki 1998c, incluyó las 3 primeras familias en Xyridales, que también incluía a Rapateaceae). Para las tres primeras había algo de evidencia, y solo quizás, pero sin mucha probabilidad, se podía incluir a Rapateaceae, en Givnish et al. (2005). Bremer (2002) notó que Mayacaceae (e Hydatellaceae) podía estar asociada débilmente a Xyridaceae o Eriocaulaceae, pero dependía de qué taxones eran incluidos en el análisis, y había una serie de brazos largos en esa área del árbol por lo que decidió excluir esas dos familias de su análisis final. Davis et al. (2004) encontraron un conjunto más complejo de relaciones, pero con bajo apoyo. Algunos análisis asocian a Mayacaceae con Rapateaceae, y los dos tienen anteras poricidas. Campbell et al. (2001) encontraron a Mayacaceae asociada con [Eriocaulaceae + Xyridaceae]. En conclusión, las relaciones en esta sección del árbol permanecen poco claras.

Xyridaceae + Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulaceae ("las Compositae de las monocotiledóneas") y Xyridaceae (el pasto de ojos amarillos) están unidas por sus caracteres de ADN, pero también fueron ampliamente reconocidas como clado en el pasado debido a sus caracteres morfológicos: su hábito distintivo (son plantas en roseta con un agregado denso de flores en un escapo), sus hojas estrictamente basales con estomas paracíticos, las inflorescencias capitadas con flores dímeras, el perianto que consta de cáliz y corola, las anteras adnatas a la corola, el polen espinulado/equinado, y los óvulos con megaesporangio de pared delgada (Dahlgren et al. 1985, Linder y Kellogg 1995).

Nótese que Eriocaulaceae tiene un escapo sin brácteas (es decir, es un "escapo verdadero"), mientras que el escapo de Xyridaceae puede tener brácteas de la mitad hacia arriba.

Hydatellaceae

Hydatellaceae era considerada un miembro de Poales, pero era difícil de ubicar en el árbol filgenético: Bremer (2002) tuvo dificultades obteniendo secuencias de ADN de esta familia, y también las tuvo Chase et al. (2005). Hydatellaceae es una familia anómala en muchos caracteres: las inflorescencias tienen flores diminutas sin perianto y emergen de hojas basales, delgadas y filiformes, el endosperma es celular (entre las monocotiledóneas es un carácter solo presente en Araceae), y las semillas son pequeñas y con la función de almacenamiento llevada a cabo por un perisperma con almidón. Los dos géneros de Hydatellaceae fueron anteriormente incluidos en Centrolepidaceae, que también son pequeñas y adaptadas a condiciones de inundación estacional. Ya Dahlgren et al. (1985) concluían que "su inclusión aun en un superorden sería forzada". Tanto el APG II (2003) como Soltis et al. (2005) confiaban su inclusión en Poales, pero finalmente en el 2007 se determinó que la familia estaba en lugar completamente equivocado, siendo en realidad clado hermano de Nymphaeaceae sensu lato (Saarela et al. 2007), por lo que se lo reubicó en el orden Nymphaeales (¡un orden de dicotiledóneas basales!).

Mayacaceae

Mayacaceae también es una familia anómala difícil de ubicar en el árbol filogenético, y Bremer (2002) también obtuvo dificultades en obtener secuencias de esta familia. La morfología de esta familia es inusual, tiene un aspecto muy parecido a los licopodios, salvo por el hecho de que Mayacaceae es acuática. Las mayacáceas tienen hojas dispuestas en espiral con dientes apicales y flores que nacen en la axila de las hojas, con cáliz y corola claramente distinguidos, y tres estambres.

Clado ciperáceas-juncos

Cyperaceae y Juncaceae (junto con Thurniaceae) forman el clado ciperáceas/juncos. Este grupo es monofilético, tanto por la morfología como por las secuencias rbcL (Plunkett et al. 1995, Simpson 1995). Entre las sinapomorfías morfológicas se incluyen los tallos macizos, las hojas trísticas, el polen en tétradas (3 de los granos reducidos en Cyperaceae), el inusual carácter de los cromosomas con centrómero difuso, y algunos detalles del embrión y del desarrollo del polen (Plunkett et al. 1995, Simpson 1995, Munro y Linder 1998, ver lista completa de caracteres en el APWeb). Los miembros del clado ciperáceas/juncos son anemófilos (polinizados por viento), superficialmente con aspecto de pastos, y muchas veces confundidos con pastos (poáceas). Una forma de distinguirlos de los pastos es notar que algunas (aunque no todas) las ciperáceas tienen tallos triangulares, y algunas (pero no todas) las poáceas tienen tallos huecos, y las juncáceas tienen tallos redondos y macizos.

Toda la evidencia sostiene que Cyperaceae es monofilético, evidencia basada en secuencias rbcL (Muasya et al. 1998, Jones et al. 2007).

En cambio la monofilia de Juncaceae no estuvo clara hasta hace poco, aun cuando ya se sabía que debía excluirse de ella a Prionium (ahora en Thurniaceae). Dos estudios encontraron que Juncaceae no era monofilética, ya que Oxychloe fue encontrado como embebido en Cyperaceae, o hermano del resto de Cyperaceae, por Plunkett et al. 1995, y Muasya et al. 1998. Sin embargo estudios posteriores determinaron que ese género debía pertenecer a Juncaceae, así que las dos familias son monofiléticas (Roalson 2005 con datos de secuencias ITS, Jones et al. 2007 con una combinación de genes). Según Soltis et al. (2005), lo que debe haber pasado en los análisis de Plunkett et al. (1995) y Muasya et al. (1998), es que el primero puede haber utilizado una colección de hojas que era una mezcla de Oxychloe con una ciperácea, y casi seguramente secuenciaron la ciperácea, mientras que en el último la muestra debe haber estado contaminada.

Thurniaceae puede ser hermano del resto del clado ciperáceas/juncos (Plunkett et al. 1995, Munro y Linder 1997). El género Prionium fue a veces ubicado en Juncaceae, pero ubicado en Thurniaceae según los últimos datos moleculares (Munro y Linder 1998).

Núcleo de los Poales

El núcleo de los Poales (también conocido como el "clado graminoide") incluye a Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae, Joinvilleaceae, y Poaceae, y algunas otras familias más pequeñas. Poaceae es cosmopolita, pero el resto de las familias son hierbas del Hemisferio Sur y especialmente de la región del Océano Pacífico. La familia más grande después de Poaceae en el núcleo de los Poales es Restionaceae, que crece principalmente en Sudáfrica y Australia. La monofilia del núcleo de los Poales está sostenida tanto por caracteres morfológicos como moleculares (Dahlgren y Rasmussen 1983, Dahlgren et al. 1985, Kellogg y Linder 1995, Linder y Kellogg 1995, Briggs et al. 2000, Chase et al. 2000, 2006, Soltis et al. 2000, Stevenson et al. 2000, Michelangeli et al. 2003), entre las sinapomorfías morfológicas se incluyen las hojas dísticas, con base envainadora con vaina abierta alrededor del tallo, los estomas con células de guarda con forma de pesas, las flores pequeñas con estigma plumoso con ramificación pinnada y con carpelos con un único óvulo, apical y ortótropo, el polen monoporado con elevaciones alrededor del poro, el desarrollo del endosperma nuclear, y algunos caracteres del embrión (Endress 1995a, Kellogg y Linder 1995, Soreng y Davis 1998, ver lista completa de caracteres en el APWeb). El clado también muestra deleciones en la región ORF 2280 del genoma del cloroplasto. La mayoría de las familias del núcleo de los Poales es pequeña en términos del número de géneros y especies (a excepción de Restionaceae y Poaceae).

Lo que Soltis et al. (2005) definen como "el clado Restionaceae" está compuesto por [Anarthriaceae [Centrolepidaceae + Restionaceae]]. Estas familias comparten que son plantas dioicas, el clorénquima con células en forma de estaca ("peg"), y las anteras dorsifijas. Linder et al. (2000) sugirieron unir a las 3 familias en un Restionaceae sensu lato porque tienen la anatomía del tallo distintiva de esa familia, Lyginia además tiene almidón en el saco embrionario, como Restionaceae. Soltis et al. (2005) están de acuerdo con que el reconocimiento de Lyginiaceae y Hopkinsiaceae como el de Anarthriaceae (todos monogenéricos) introducen redundancia en la clasificación. Centrolepidacaee puede ser una forma pedomórfica (es decir, haber retenido en el adulto los caracteres juveniles) de Restionaceae (Linder et al. 2000), las dos familias son claramente hermanas (100 % de bootstrap, Chase et al. 2005. El APWeb a enero de 2009 aún mantiene a las tres familias separadas.

El "clado Restionaceae" es hermano del resto del núcleo de los Poales, que incluye a Flagellariaceae, Joinvilleaceae, y Ecdeiocoleaceae como clados hermanos sucesivos de Poaceae.

Poaceae (=Gramineae) es una de las familias de angiospermas más diversas y más importantes. Todavía se están haciendo los estudios moleculares pertinentes para que emerjan las relaciones de parentesco dentro de esta familia. En ese sentido, fue un importante esfuerzo el haber reunido al Grass Phylogeny Working Group (GPWG, "Grupo de trabajo para la filogenia de las gramíneas") que se expidió con una publicación en el año 2000. Puede verse la evolución posterior de su filogenia en el APWeb.

Taxonomía
Introducción teórica en Taxonomía

El orden fue reconocido por el APG III (2009), el Linear APG III (2009) le asignó los números de familia de 91 a 106. El orden ya había sido reconocido por el APG II (2003).

Taxones superiores: Reino Plantae (plantas), División Magnoliophyta (angiospermas), Clase Liliopsida (monocotiledóneas), subclase Commelinidae (comelínidas).

Circunscripción: El sistema del APG III y el APWeb (visitado en enero de 2011) reconocen a las siguientes familias en este orden:
 Typhaceae (incl. Sparganiaceae)(familia n.º 91)
 Bromeliaceae(familia n.º 92)
 Rapateaceae(familia n.º 93)
 Xyridaceae(familia n.º 94)
 Eriocaulaceae(familia n.º 95)
 Mayacaceae(familia n.º 96)
 Thurniaceae(familia n.º 97)
 Juncaceae(familia n.º 98)
 Cyperaceae(familia n.º 99)
 Anarthriaceae(familia n.º 100)
 Centrolepidaceae(familia n.º 101)
 Restionaceae(familia n.º 102)
 Flagellariaceae (familia n.º 103)
 Joinvilleaceae (familia n.º 104)
 Ecdeiocoleaceae (familia n.º 105)
 Poaceae (familia n.º 106)

Loas números de familia son asignados por el LAPG III (2009).
El APG II de 2003 además incluía a Sparganiaceae, que el APWeb incluye en Typhaceae sensu lato, y a Hydatellaceae, que ahora se sabe que en realidad pertenece a Nymphaeales (ver en sección de filogenia).

El sistema Cronquist (1981, 1988) no reconocía al orden Poales, si bien su subclase Commelinidae poseía una circunscripción que se aproxima al aquí definido Poales, pero no tenía a Bromeliaceae y sí tenía a Commelinaceae (ahora en Commelinales) y a Hydatellaceae (ahora en Nymphaeales).

Sinónimos, según el APWeb (visitado en enero de 2009): Eriocaulineae Thorne & Reveal, Xyridineae Thorne & Reveal - Avenales Bromhead, Bromeliales Dumortier, Centrolepidales Takhtajan, Cyperales Hutchinson, Eriocaulales Nakai, Flagellariales (Meisner) Reveal & Doweld, Hydatellales Reveal & Doweld, Juncales Dumortier, Mayacales Nakai, Rapateales (Meisner) Reveal & Doweld, Restionales J. D. Hooker, Typhales Dumortier, Xyridales Lindley - Bromelianae Reveal, Hydatellanae Reveal, Juncanae Takhtajan, Poanae Reveal & Doweld, Rapateanae Doweld, Typhanae Reveal - Bromeliidae C. Y. Wu, Juncidae Doweld - Bromeliopsida Brongniart, Juncopsida Bartling

 Evolución

La divergencia dentro del clado Poales empieza hace unos 113 millones de años (Janssen y Bremer 2004), o hace 109-106 millones de años (Leebens-Mack et al. 2005), o, según Wikström et al. (2001) hace 72-69 millones de años, este último sugiere una edad para el clado Poales de 87-83 millones de años.

Eriocaulaceae y Xyridaceae pueden haber divergido hace unos 105 millones de años, el grupo corona del primero habría empezado a diversificarse hace unos 58 millones de años, y el del segundo, hace unos 87 millones de años (Janssen y Bremer 2004).

La divergencia en el clado ciperáceas-juncos habría comenzado hace unos 103 millones de años (Janssen y Bremer 2004).

El núcleo de los Poales habría empezado a diversificarse hace unos 109 millones de años, originado hace unos 112 millones de años (Janssen y Bremer 2004), pero en este análisis la topología del árbol filogenético difiere de la presentada aquí. Wikström et al.'' (2001) sugieren un origen en solo unos 49-45 millones de años hasta el presente, pero nuevamente, la topología del árbol también difiere de la presentada aquí.

Referencias citadas

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Poales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Today is the day. Today is the day we complete the list of the Top 50 College Baseball Programs since 1975.
Just a few thoughts on why these two landed in their respective spots.
Cal State Fullerton – 18 trips to Omaha and four national championships plus three Golden Spikes Award winners, Tim Wallach, Phil Nevin and Mark Kotsay. Without the budget of a football school (the Cal State Fullerton football program was suspended in 1992), no college baseball program has had more success with so few resources. Since joining Division 1 college baseball in 1975, the Titans have had five head coaches and all five (Augie Garrido, Larry Cochell, George Horton, Dave Serrano and Rick Vanderhook) have taken the Titans to the College World Series. Fullerton has visited the Super Regionals 14 times and missed the postseason only four times (1985, 1986, 1989 & 1991) in the 44 years of the Regional Era.
Miami – Four national championships and a whopping 25 trips to Omaha places the Hurricanes atop the Top 50 College Baseball Programs since 1975. Pat Burrell took home the Golden Spikes Award in 1998 while Miami made the postseason 42 times in the 44 year history of the Regional Era. The Hurricanes held the longest streak of postseason invites until 2017 when they failed to make the field of 64. Despite their recent woes, the Hurricanes are the best of the best in college baseball in the Regional Era.
How did we come up with the methodology to rank these 50 college baseball programs in order? It was not easy but a little science and math rendered the results.
In order to rank the greatest college baseball programs of the Regional Era you need to start in 1975, the first year the NCAA baseball eight regional format was adopted. Prior to 1975, the college baseball tournament was chaotic with regional districts consisting of two to five differently formatted tournaments.
In 1975, the format changed to include a regimented eight regionals consisted of four or six teams (depending on the year) in a double-elimination tournament. The winner of each regional moved on to the College World Series, also double-elimination. The field started with a total of 32 teams invited in 1975 but eventually grew to 48 by 1998. All would agree making it into the tournament field from 1975 – 1998 was more difficult due to less opportunity.
The four-team regional format and the best-of-three super regional format debuted in 1999, with the expansion of the tournament to 64 teams. With 16 teams added to the tournament and needing to win not only a four-team regional but then a best-of-three super regional, getting to Omaha in the Super Regional Era became exponentially more difficult.
In addition to considering regional and super regional success, we also appraised program success by Golden Spikes Award winners. The Golden Spikes Award is bestowed annually to the best amateur baseball player in the United States and is considered the most prestigious award in amateur baseball. By comparison, the greatest college football programs have been ranked using a system similar to ours that included national championships, bowl appearances, bowl wins and Heisman Trophy winners, considered to be the highest honor bestowed upon a college football player.
Here at Cal State Omaha, we put together a ranking of the 50 greatest college baseball programs since 1975 based on a wide variety of factors. Those factors include National Championships, Golden Spikes Award Winners, appearances in the College World Series in Omaha, Super Regional appearances and post-season regional appearances based on the point system below.
All data was placed in a spreadsheet to calculate each point value and the results rendered the Top 50. Those results will be revealed Friday, the day college baseball opens for business for the 2019 season.
Make sure to check back if you are curious as to the exact break down of how your favorite team ranked. Disagree with how the teams were ranked or the rankings calculated? Leave a comment below or take us to task on social media.