Winter is one of our favorite seasons in Tahoe South! With so many different activities to do, there is no shortage of fun for everyone in the family. Plus, guests can find the best rates for their travel dates right on our website. Here are some of our top winter activity picks around the area.
Skiing/Boarding: Of course the number one activity most people think of for winter in Tahoe is skiing and snowboarding! Tahoe South has three main resorts including Sierra-at-Tahoe, Kirkwood, and of course, Heavenly. The Heavenly Gondola is only a short walk away from the hotel, and will whisk you up the mountain, giving you stunning panoramic views of the lake below. We also have Heavenly Sports onsite to handle all of your rental gear needs before hitting the slopes, regardless of which mountain you are set to explore.
Tubing & Snow Play: This is one adventure everyone in the whole family can enjoy together. Zoom down the snow on a sled or inner tube, or enjoy building a snowman and having a classic snowball fight! Just make sure to pack your sunscreen and bring your camera to capture all of the fun and excitement. Our three top picks of where to go include Heavenly's Adventure Peak, Adventure Mountain, and Sierra-at-Tahoe.
Snowshoeing/Cross-country Skiing: There are plenty of trails to enjoy some snowshoeing or cross-country skiing, whether you are a beginner or a seasoned professional. It can be a great way to explore the peace and quiet of the winter wonderland, away from the hustle and bustle of the resorts. Our favorite spots include Mountain Sports Center at Camp Richardson Resort, The Hope Valley Outdoors Center, and Kirkwood Cross-Country Ski & Snowshoe Center. Each center will have all the gear you need to get started on your adventure along with helpful tips on which trails to explore.
What activities do you enjoy in the winter in Tahoe? Share with us on social media using the #MyTahoe.
Don't forget to like us on Facebook, join the conversation on Twitter, start planning your vacation on Pinterest, or follow along and share your photos with us on Instagram to stay connected!


The City of Dillingham is located in the Bristol Bay area of Alaska. It is firmly committed to upholding the highest standards of living for its residents. For visitors, there is a seemingly-endless list of outdoor activities, set in beautiful surroundings.


text:
Q: Selection of First L Items of ArrayList of size N > L and Insertion to Another ArrayList in Java I have an ArrayList l1 of size N and another l2 of size L < N. I want to put the L first items of l1 to l2. I thought to use the for loop of type for(Object obj : l1) to scan my list of size N and then use l2.add(obj) to add elements on l2, but I am not sure if when I reach the max size of l2 (i.e. L) stops inserting items or continues.
Could somebody suggest me a way to do that? Thanx

A: You can use List.subList(int, int) method to get the first L items
int L = 2;

List<String> newList = new ArrayList<>(inputList.subList(0,L));

A: Something like the following:
    list2.addAll(list1.subList(0, l));

A: Use System.arraycopy()
Here an example :
package test_temp;

public class TestArrayCopy
{

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String[] SRC = {"Hello", "all", "you", "happy", "taxpayers"};
    int dimN = SRC.length;
    int dimL = 4;
    String[] dest = new String[dimL];
    System.arraycopy(SRC, 0, dest, 0, Math.min(dimN, dimL));
    for (int i = 0; i < dimL; i++) System.out.println(dest[i]);
  }

}

This will give the following output :
Hello
all
you
happy

Hope this is wat you expected ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After World War I, Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals were established all over the country to treat returning veterans. However, many African-American soldiers, especially those in the South, were not admitted to a VA hospital. When they were, it was to inferior facilities.
Authorized by Congress, the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center was opened in 1923. A total of 27 buildings were constructed on the 464-acre campus, which provided housing and a hospital to serve the needs of more than 300,000 African-American WWI veterans in the South.
Batson-Cook was contracted to build one of the buildings in 1926.


The new Mini Sewing Machine is compact, lightweight and durable. This sewing machine is perfect for all stitching requirements.
The new Mini Sewing Machine is compact, lightweight and durable. This sewing machine is perfect for all stitching requirements. It quickly repairs the detached covers, broken zips, and perfect for all kinds of clothes that requires double sided thread stitching. With this Mini Sewing Machine Pakistan you can easily stitch, cut and repair without the need to pull out your heavy machines. It is very compact so you can take it anywhere. The affordable sewing machine features double lock stitch that provides additional safety.
Mini sewing machine is also known as handy/portable sewing machine. This machine comes with a pedal. The machine can be used with or the without the pedals by just pushing of a button. Just like a pro sewing machine, the new Mini Sewing machine is equipped with a bulb that helps in precise stitching. Another attractive feature of the sewing machine is rewinding. It allows easy correction of cylinder that holds the thread.
It is very compact, lightweight and portable.
It provides the highest quality sewing with a double lock stitch.
It is provided with a pedal for those who are habitual of using the foot.
It helps you to stitch or repair anything in a very small time period.
Perfect for home, students, hostels, etc.
The bulb in the machine can provide the required light.
Double speed command sewing machine.
Long lasting chain lock system.
Easy renewable cylinders of the thread.
Thread is installed and ready to use.
Four metal cylinders for holding the threads.
Note: Result may vary from 10% to 20% of above mentioned description.


Experience amazing design and colors!
You will love the soft lines of the Alcatel F330 and its colors before being conquered by its excellent audio quality.
The handsfree function allows you to comfortably share your communications or continue your activities with complete freedom of movement!
His colorful backlit display ensures perfect readability, while the capacity of its phonebook (50 names and numbers), you can easily call your favorite correspondents.
The Alcatel F330 is available in an answerphone version. It is available in 4 colors: grey, blue, green and pink. Versions with 2 or 3 handsets are available to fit any home.


text:
Small Precautions
Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto
Seeing Bangladesh's future in Sidr's aftermath
The New York Times has a revealing piece today about the impact of Supercyclone Sidr on Bangladesh. The death toll currently stands at 3500, and is likely to rise to perhaps 10,000 -- worse than 9/11, but relative progress compared to the impact of past storms of this size in Bangladesh, such as the 1970 Bhola Cyclone, which killed upwards of half a million people, or Cyclone Gorky, which in 1991 claimed some 140,000 lives.
The fact that the immediate death toll from Sidr is an order of magnitude less than similar typhoons from the past is a testament to the effectiveness of an early warning system that has been installed, and the improved communications infrastructure throughout Bangladesh. (For example, mass text messages over cell phones warned seaside villagers to flee days in advance of the storm.)
As much as this improved warning system is to be appreciated, it does nothing to alter the calamitous underlying trend facing Bangladesh; that is: an exploding population in dire poverty in one of the most storm-vulnerable places on earth. While people are not dying in immediate droves, the economic catastrophe of the storm is worse than ever. Global warming is eroding the massive Gangeatic delta that Bangladesh straddles, and is increasing the force and perhaps likelihood of storms.
Here, in other words, is Bangladesh's future: it will receive better early warnings about threats that it can do nothing to avoid. People will pile into shelters, but how do they pick up the pieces? By 2040, the 200,000,000 Bangladeshis may become the object of a more or less continuous relief operation. The concept of "development" under these circumstances becomes something of a joke in poor taste.
Posted by Nils at 11/21/2007 05:23:00 AM
Climate Change & Human Development

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dozens of Wineries in Northern California Face Web Accessibility Lawsuits
According to a report from the North Bay Business Journal, more than 70 digital accessibility lawsuits have been filed in federal court against North Coast vintners over the past several months. Nearly all of the cases were opened by one plaintiff, Andres Gomez, a Miami resident who is legally blind.
The lawsuits allege accessibility barriers on wineries' websites, citing Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Court records indicate that about one-third of the lawsuits have reached settlements. The terms of court settlements are confidential, but the North Bay Business Journal notes that similar cases have received settlements of $10,000 or more.
Several wineries have taken aggressive steps to respond to the wave of lawsuits. Some California prosecutors have filed lawsuits against ADA plaintiffs, alleging abuse of California's Unruh Civil Rights Act, which complements the ADA by expanding litigation rights for people with disabilities.
However, for many vintners, settling lawsuits is a much cheaper option. While responding to an ADA demand letter may cost upwards of $20,000, the costs of a long-term legal battle are much higher.
Related: Can You Get Sued for Having an Inaccessible Website?
Why Wineries Are Facing Web Accessibility Lawsuits
The wine industry has adopted innovative technologies in some respects — for example, many winery grounds now use advanced tools to monitor ground conditions and optimize harvests. However, as with many niche industries, wine producers frequently prioritize visual style when establishing their websites, neglecting the best practices of modern web design.
The National Association of American Wineries (also known as WineAmerica) has held conferences promoting ADA compliance, instructing members to follow the Level AA standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG is the consensus international standard for digital accessibility.
"WineAmerica recommends that all wineries make sure their websites are accessible for those individuals with vision impairments," the organization's website reads. "In order to correctly do this, we do recommend [that] wineries consult both a lawyer and an IT professional."
Related: U.S. Businesses Potentially Spent Billions on Legal Fees for Inaccessible Websites in 2020
Accessibility Issues Cited in ADA Compliance Lawsuits
Unfortunately, most websites fail to follow WCAG, which allows for potential litigation under the ADA and similar laws. Some of the most common access barriers cited in web accessibility lawsuits include:
Poor color contrast. Color contrast is the difference in light between foreground elements (such as text) and their background. An estimated 86% of homepages fail to meet WCAG requirements for color contrast.
Images of text. WCAG Success Criterion 1.4.5 requires websites to use text instead of images of text in most circumstances. Images of text may present issues for people with vision disabilities and people who use assistive technology to browse the internet.
Missing alternative text (also called alt text) for images. Accurate alt text enables users to understand the purpose and function of images without perceiving them visually.
Missing captions for videos. Per WCAG, all pre-recorded multimedia should have accurate captions to accommodate Deaf users, people with cognitive disabilities, and other individuals.
Poor keyboard accessibility. Many people use the keyboard alone (no mouse) to browse the internet. Wineries often have shopping portals, which can present barriers for these users without appropriate accommodations.
In a non-scientific review of a dozen winery websites, the Bureau of Internet Accessibility found WCAG conformance failures on every home page tested.
How Wineries Can Adopt Digital Accessibility
Many wineries have limited budgets for web development, and accessibility improvements may seem like an unnecessary expense. That's not the case: About 1 in 4 American adults have some form of disability, and the number of people with disabilities is expected to grow over the next decade as the population ages.
Websites that have accessibility issues miss an opportunity to reach a wide audience — and since digital accessibility is required under the ADA, wineries take real risks by ignoring users with disabilities. Settling an ADA lawsuit can cost thousands of dollars, while fighting a lawsuit in federal court can cost much more.
And since accessible design improves search engine optimization, reduces website maintenance costs, and enhances the user experience, every winery should set a goal for WCAG conformance. Some tips for getting started:
Review WCAG to learn about the principles of accessibility. WCAG is written for a general audience and contains useful guidance for adopting an accessible mindset.
Test your website for WCAG conformance. Automated WCAG tests can identify many accessibility issues. While manual tests are necessary to ensure compliance, an automated test is an excellent first step.
Publish an accessibility statement. An accessibility statement outlines your goals and the steps taken towards WCAG conformance. A well-written statement — when supported with real action — may help to protect against litigation.
Work with trained accessibility experts when making changes. Remediation requires a careful approach, and expert guidance can help you keep your project on an established timeframe (and within your budget).
For more guidance, download the Bureau of Internet Accessibility's Essential Guide to ADA Compliance for Websites or get started with a free, confidential website accessibility scan.
Receive an industry accessibility analysis of your website
2022 Web Accessibility Lawsuits Recap: 4 Key Takeaways
What Does Digital Accessibility Success Look Like?
Does Mobile Accessibility Help with App Store Optimization (ASO)?


The picture was made by Nikon D3300 camera with shoot mode 55.0-300.0 mm f/4.5-5.6 - 62.0mm · ƒ/4.5 · 1/1250s · ISO 400, gives a picture excellent quality. It was archived in the category "Transportation/Traffic", maximum dimension is 6000×4000 pixels, you can download it to JPG format. We were tagged: Soil, Vehicle, Competition, Hurry, Action, Quad, Bike.


text:
Soccer 2021 thread
Watching Northern Ireland v Italy in a World Cup qualifier. Two non-whites playing - both for NI, a team that never had any in its history until...
Post by: Matra2, Nov 15, 2021 in forum: Soccer
Most of Djokovic's matches have gone four sets, so he's played a lot of tennis while Medvedev has played so little he should be fresh come the...
Post by: Matra2, Sep 10, 2021 in forum: Tennis
DWFs & the usual demographics that live in NYC chanting "Monfils... Monfils" against Jannik Sinner, an ethnic German from Italy. New York,...
Post by: Matra2, Sep 4, 2021 in forum: Tennis
Everyone knows that Athletic Bilbao are the pride of the Basque nation. Unlike every other team in Europe they only hire Basques and would prefer...
Post by: Matra2, Aug 21, 2021 in forum: Soccer
There are many great sportsmen who've taken a pay cut for the greater good of the team. It's the WHITE thing to do! Anyway, here's an...
Barcelona wages? Do PSG have to pay Barca or something? I don't understand. If not, and Messi insists on a ridiculous amount then that just shows...
"only paris has the money...to sign that kind of player" I thought it was a free transfer. Is Messi so greedy that he still cares about $$$$$$?
A waste of Messi's talent to play in a mediocre league like the French. I'd have preferred he go to Serie A where there's more competition. If...
Maybe clement can answer this but what happens if a Martinique or Guadeloupe player becomes good enough to play for France? After all, each is a...
Post by: Matra2, Jul 17, 2021 in forum: Soccer
Kane was poor in the final, though it wasn't entirely his fault as his midfield were completely outclassed by the Italians. I think he's overrated...
Fascinating stats on penalties and race by a Vox Day reader: Your posts about the Euro final and black players not being composed under pressure...
2021 Wimbledon
At this point maybe the only thing that can stop him is a ban on non-vaccinated players. That said, Nadal is still a US Open threat and could...
Post by: Matra2, Jul 11, 2021 in forum: Tennis
Maybe we will now, finally, see an end to the stutter step penalty.
There has never been a funnier ending to a sports tournament in history. It would not surprise me at all if 'woke' Gareth Southgate put blacks on...
No. Whites pushing a "racial justice" (Gary Neville's words on ITV) agenda is far worse than non-whites doing it.
Messi had a poor match but a very good tournament overall. The pitch was in bad condition with lots of bobbling. This seems to be a common...
If I'm not mistaken lack of representation of an ethnic group, race, or religion is, in and of itself, proof of systemic racism in the UK. Yet...
I was away most of the weekend so I didn't see the England & Denmark wins but based on highlights the Ukrainians were out of their depth. They...
Post by: Matra2, Jul 5, 2021 in forum: Soccer
Belgium eliminated by Italy. With Spain beating Switzerland in penalties that means England is the last of the multiculti teams. Unfortunately,...
I think the winner of Italy v Belgium will win the tournament. Right now the good guys are winning 2-1.
Chadli, the only Arab for Belgium came on, touched the ball once - almost set up a goal - then went off injured. Arab fragility?
I think I might have to go with the more diverse Sweden team v Ukraine for the simple reason that I think they have a better chance of upsetting...
Post by: Matra2, Jun 29, 2021 in forum: Soccer
Serena Williams wahh wahh !
I don't want to get my hopes up too much but if she doesn't win this year's US Open I don't think Serena will beat Margaret Court's record.
Post by: Matra2, Jun 29, 2021 in forum: Tennis
Looks like Serena's Wimbledon is about to end in the 1st round due to sliding and falling on the court.
Funny you should mention that because I thought of frederic38 saying that just before Pogba took his penalty. As Alfie says the stats might not...


When it brings up the Siri instead Mahjong Escape, Mahjong Garden, it means you have not press the Home button , the lock button at the SAME ® Has a Variety of FREE Online Mahjong Games Including: Mahjong Safari Luxor Mahjong. Fire balls to make sets of three but don' t let them reach the golden skull you' re history! Welcome to Pogo' s collection of free online Mahjong games Mahjongg Dimensions , Mahjong Garden Deluxe, including favorites such as Mahjong Safari tons more!
Note that you can play Zuma' s Revenge full screen and you can also get the full version for download. Search For Home Plans India Free Downloads.
Use features like bookmarks note taking , highlighting while reading The President' s Keepers: Those keeping Zuma in power out of prison. When it brings up the Siri instead it means you have not press the Home button the lock button at the SAME ee Mahjong Games. Taken from past issues of our Magazine. ToomkyGames offers entertaining free Match 3 games.
Members have unlimited access to the full versions of a selection of games published by EA dubbed " the Vault" for as long as their membership is active. I bought the other Zuma but not loving it as much. Download it once PC, phones , read it on your Kindle device tablets. Zuma free download unlimited time.
Zuma free download unlimited time. How to Capture a Screen Shot on iPhone 5?
Zuma Deluxe Free Download PC game setup in single direct link for Windows. It' s easy and challenging at the same time.
Their affection for one another provides a striking contrast to the violence of. Welcome to Pogo' s collection of free online slots games Vaults of Atlantis Slots, Showbiz Slots, including favorites such as Ali Baba Slots tons more!
Now you can sit at home and play these interesting games online without paying a ee Slots Games. Exciting sound and stunning 3D graphics immerse you in the world of Zuma. Zuma free download unlimited time.
Zuma free download unlimited time. Shockwave is the premier destination for free online games and premium download games. Control the stone frog idol of the ancient Zuma in this thrilling action puzzler.
I wish they would upgrade it more for more rewards challenges. Zuma Deluxe is an amazing puzzle game with some astonishing visuals.
Demo is available to all software users as a free download with potential restrictions compared with the full version. We have the best Arcade Sports, Bubble, Match3, Girls Puzzle ee zuma revenge download unlimited. I love the sound effects and the cute frog. Zuma Deluxe Free Download Full Version PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent.
Zylom is the perfect place for you if you' re looking for the best download games! Get Home Plans India Free Downloads: Find the right plan for your next woodworking project. Zuma Deluxe Free Download. Gamers looking to have some serious fun can subscribe to Shockwave® UNLIMITED.
100% Safe & Secure Access. An irresistible force has taken our fearless frog to an island where the puzzle- action of Zuma has evolved in amazing ways. Zuma Deluxe is a action video game. Home Plans India Free Downloads.
Try the free Zuma. If you happen to have some hints tricks for Bejeweled 2 Deluxe, feel free to submit them they will be published at the above mentioned page. The President' s Keepers: Those keeping Zuma in power and out of prison - Kindle edition by Jacques Pauw. If you are looking for free games online, you can play them free of cost by simply downloading your favorite game from one of the free online games websites.
Zuma Deluxe PC Game Overview. Zuma Deluxe Free Download PC Game setup in single direct link for Windows.
Jul 29, · How to Capture a Screen Shot on iPhone 5? Zuma free download unlimited time. Scroll up 12- month increments, down the games list to see all slots games on Access membership can be purchased in one- month , either from the Xbox Games Store from selected third- party retailers. Get Home Plans India Free Downloads Free Download : Learn The Art Of Woodworking Using These Step- by- Step Woodworking Plans. Zuma Deluxe has been developed by Oberon Media and is published under the banner of PopCap Games.
When downloading games from our site, you' ll get the full version to play for an unlimited time. Zuma Deluxe is an Aztec- themed action puzzler. Release Date: 30 Aug, File Size: 4.
It is part from arcade category 64- bit platform , is licensed as shareware for Windows 32- bit can be used as a free trial until the trial period will end. More about time management games In Shopping Blocks you help Susan to make her shop the best one in town in Fashion Solitaire you get the chance to put together trendy outfits create signature collections.
Publisher: PopCap Games, Inc. This official version of Zuma Revenge online is still effective and will delight all fans of the genre.
9 MB Zuma Deluxe PC Game Overview Survive the ancient temples of Zuma the. In middle of the Vietnam War a nurse fall in love. It is an awesome Arcade Strategy Puzzler game. Download play them without having to deal with trials limited time. I' ve been playing Zuma for a few years now keep coming back to it again again. Lifetime Updates.
We have the best Arcade Girls , Sports, Match3, Bubble Puzzle games! Play download games in many genres such as puzzle time management.
The Best Home Plans India Free Downloads Free Download PDF And Video. As a member ads- free gaming, you' ll enjoy unlimited play on hundreds of download games brand new titles each week — as many as 20 new games per month! Play the Best Free Online Games on your smartphone tablet PC. Title: Zuma Deluxe Genre: Casual Developer: PopCap Games, Inc.
If membership is suspended the games can no longer be played, but all progress game. Scroll up down the games list to see all Mahjong games on you are looking for free games online you can play them free of cost by simply downloading your favorite game from one of the free online games websites. Most people looking for Free zuma revenge unlimited downloaded: Zuma' s Revenge.
Directed by Sidney J. With Ken Wahl Stephen Lee, Cheryl Ladd Annie McEnroe. EA Access membership can be purchased in one- month 12- month increments, either from the Xbox Games Store from selected third- party retailers.
It can be played for free online at several Web sites mobile phones, including PDAs, can be purchased for a number of platforms the iPod. Don' t hesitate, let the addiction begin! This game was released in 12 th December,.
Online games made with Flash or Java can be downloaded on your computer with a click of your ee Slots Games. Online games made with Flash or Java can be downloaded on your computer with a click of your mouse. The Zuma' s Revenge! Easy to play, hard to put down!
Zuma® An ancient secret lies at the heart of Zuma! Can you steady your aim and calm your mind to unlock the mysteries of Zuma' s hidden temples? Zuma Free Download for PC is a tile- matching puzzle video game published by PopCap Games.
It can be played for free online at several Web sites, and can be purchased for a number of platforms, including PDAs, mobile phones, and the Zuma today, or play this and 2400+ other top games online for free at GameHouse.
Woodwork Plans Uk Free Zuma Deluxe Game. The Best Woodwork Plans Uk Free Zuma Deluxe Game Free Download PDF And Video. Get Woodwork Plans Uk Free Zuma Deluxe Game: Our plans taken from past issues of our Magazine include detailed instructions cut lists and illustrations - everything you need to help you build your next arch For Woodwork Plans Uk Free Zuma Deluxe Game. is a tile- matching puzzle video game developed and published by PopCap was released for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X on September 15, as a sequel to the earlier Zuma, and was later ported to Windows features high- definition graphics, new levels and ' power- ups, ' several new features, as well as boss battles.
On February 22,, a version free trials of shooting games and take aim at fun! If you' re on the hunt for shooting games to download, you' ve come to the right Chameleon Gems today, or play this and 2400+ other top games online for free at jeweled 2 Deluxe cheats. If you' re looking for cheats or tips, check our Cheats section to see if there are any available.
Click the following link to be taken to the Bejeweled 2 Deluxe cheats page.


text:
Q: Right align values using @html.grid column.format How can I right align values when using the columns.add() inside a @html.grid().columns collection?
@Html.Grid(Model.Unidades).Columns(columns => {
columns.Add()
    .Encoded(false)
    .Sanitized(false)
    .Titled("Volume")
    .RenderValueAs(o => CustomRenderingOfColumnVolume(o));
columns.Add(m => m.VolumeCorrigido)
    .Titled("Volume")
    .Format("{0:N4}")
    .Sanitized(false)
    .Encoded(false);
});

@helper CustomRenderingOfColumnVolume(Dto.ObjectDto item) {
        @string.Format("{0:N2}", item.Volume)
}

I've already tried, without success:
- Custom .toString() from column object, but it does not permit custom format
- Using .Format("{0,10}").SetWidth(30) like we do to right align using custom string format
- Using @helper (see CustomRenderingOfColumnVolume above on code)
- other many things I cannot remember now
I've found no documentation, no tutorial, no google specific result for this component. I just need some stuff to study or a tip to right align the column values. I will appreciate any help, even CSS for the column component in @helper.

A: You can apply a class to your column:
columns.Add().Encoded(false).Sanitized(false).Titled("Volume").RenderValueAs(o => CustomRenderingOfColumnVolume(o)).Css("align-right");
And then in your CSS:
.align-right{text-align: right !important}

A: A friend of mine send another solution, similar to @RahulSharma did, but without using the @helper neither a css named class, just a method from the column object:

[...]
columns.Add(m => m.Volume)
    .Titled("Volume")
    .Format("{0:N4}")
    .Sanitized(false)
    .Encoded(false);
});

I've tested both and worked very well. Thanks for all.


The micro four thirds market is hotly contested between Olympus and Panasonic. In just over two years we have seen three generations of cameras from both manufacturers.
The digital Olympus Pen range currently includes three cameras, with the E-PL series a continuation of the company's thrust towards ever-more compact models. The E-PL3 is smaller, lighter and virtually unrecognisable from the classic look of its predecessors, the E-PL1 and E-PL2.
Due to its small size, the E-PL3 is also known as the Pen Lite. The camera loses the built-in flash present on its predecessors, which instead finds its way onto the larger E-P series, specifically the E-P3.
The divide between the two Pen series is growing, it seems. At the same time, Olympus has announced the Pen E-PM1, otherwise known as the Pen Mini.
This model has a much simpler button layout – the absence of a shooting mode dial, for instance – and is therefore designed for those new to photography. It doesn't feature a tiltable screen, either. Consequently, the E-PL3 offers a good trade-off between the functionality of the E-P3 and the compact size of the E-PM1.


text:
Meharry Medical College Announces Collaboration with the University of Memphis and Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare for More Doctors of Color
By Stacy M. Brown, NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent
@StacyBrownMedia
NNPA- Meharry Medical College, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, and the University of Memphis announced a historic collaboration the conglomerate said would diversify health care and advance health care education.
"It's a game-changer," Dr. James Hildreth, the president of Meharry Medical College in Nashville, said during a Zoom news conference on Monday, December 17.
"We will work together to diversify the healthcare provider pipeline and advance health care education," Dr. Hildreth proclaimed.
The institutions plan to create training and research for medical students of color, hoping they will grow the number of primary care doctors across the state.
Initial plans include offering rotations for third-and-fourth-year students at Meharry and Church Health in Memphis.
The institutions will recruit students of color to pursue pre-medical undergraduate degrees at the University of Memphis.
They would have preferred access to medical school and biomedical sciences graduate programs at Meharry.
Methodist has committed to providing clinical training rotations and residencies in its hospitals.
Besides increasing the number of physicians of color, the partnership expects to create research collaborations between Meharry, Methodist, and the University of Memphis.
A clinical affiliation with Church Health, which serves the underinsured in Memphis, plans to provide educational and health care benefits to the community.
"We are delighted for this historic opportunity to work alongside these legacy institutions in the Memphis region to provide meaningful experiences for our students and care for those who need it most," Dr. Hildreth stated.
"There is a critical need throughout our country for a pipeline of Black talent within medicine. Now more than ever, the Black community needs greater access to preventive care and to providers they trust," he said.
"This partnership with Methodist and the University of Memphis will support our ongoing efforts to diversify students' training and educational experiences, so they are fully prepared to serve."
Meharry officials said they're committed to collaborations that help Black health care professionals directly impact health disparities, address social determinants of health, and improve health for minority communities across Tennessee.
"This partnership allows MLH to expand on our commitment of providing exceptional training opportunities for the next generation of physicians, nurses, and medical professionals," Michael Ugwueke, president and CEO of Methodist Le Bonheur, offered.
The partnership comes at a critical time in health care, particularly in the Mid-South where patients face many health challenges, Ugwueke added.
"Leveraging the expertise of Methodist, Meharry, and the University of Memphis will allow us to implement innovative care models in community outreach, health education and research to meet the needs of the patients we are privileged to serve," Ugwueke concluded.
According to a release issued just before the news conference, because Church Health has residents at Baptist Memorial Health Care, Meharry students will have access to medical training at three Memphis clinical settings — Methodist Le Bonheur, Church Health, and Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis.
"This is a truly wonderful thing for Memphis," said Dr. Scott Morris, head of Church Health.
"Memphis is a Black city. We ought to be fully engaged in training young Black students to become Black physicians, and by God, we're going to do it."
Dr. Morris said conversations between the partners began less than three months ago.
"To get where we are now would take five years," he said, noting it could be a pattern for the nation in developing more physicians of color.
"This is a very big initiative," Dr. Morris said.
"It will take years to come to fruition, but at that point, it's not just talking. I truly believe it is going to happen."
Further, the University of Memphis "is very excited for the opportunity to partner with such tremendous education and industry leaders in healthcare," the school's president, M. David Rudd, added.
"This will enhance our relationship with Methodist Le Bonheur, a highly respected organization in our community that has worked with and supported the U of M for years.
"It will begin a new and promising relationship with Meharry Medical College, an institution we view as one of the very best nationally in training students to effectively identify health disparities and treat patients, especially those in underserved communities."


When visiting your local distributor ask to see guides for your radio. Distributors inventory a selection of our products that complement their sales strategy.
If you don't find the guide for your radio, please check for availability on our web page.


text:
Man threatens to shoot Auburn motel occupant
George Michael Grantham, 54
A 54-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of threatening a motel occupant with a gun.The Auburn Police Department said that George Michael Grantham pointed a gun at the victim's head Monday night inside an Auburn motel room.As police officers investigated the incident, they learned that the weapon used was a BB gun -- but the victim thought it was real.Grantham is believed to have entered the victim's room in a hasty manner before threatening to man with the gun, which resembled a 45-caliber handgun.After the threat was made, police said that Grantham returned to his own motel room.Officers were able to make the arrest after Grantham left his room.Grantham was taken into custody on charges stemming from criminal threat and burglary, police said.He was taken to the Placer County Jail.
A 54-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of threatening a motel occupant with a gun.
The Auburn Police Department said that George Michael Grantham pointed a gun at the victim's head Monday night inside an Auburn motel room.
As police officers investigated the incident, they learned that the weapon used was a BB gun -- but the victim thought it was real.
Grantham is believed to have entered the victim's room in a hasty manner before threatening to man with the gun, which resembled a 45-caliber handgun.
After the threat was made, police said that Grantham returned to his own motel room.
Officers were able to make the arrest after Grantham left his room.
Grantham was taken into custody on charges stemming from criminal threat and burglary, police said.
He was taken to the Placer County Jail.


text:
IPFS News Link • Social Networking/Social Media
YouTube employees suddenly find themselves on the front lines of a shooting war that ..
04-05-2018 • https://www.naturalnews.com
(Natural News) A shooting at the YouTube headquarters in San Bruno, California, turned out to be the work of an angry Youtuber who was censored and demonetized by YouTube, after which she sought to murder YouTube employees in an act of revenge. See the full details about Nasim Aghdam / Nasima Sabz at this link.
Nasim Aghdam was no typical "shooter." She was a left-wing Farsi-speaking vegan into auras, fitness and the vegan food pyramid. On her website, she railed against YouTube for censoring her channel and reducing her earnings — something YouTube has deliberately done to tens of thousands of content channels, including my own now-terminated channel, "TheHealthRanger" (which was terminated without warning or justification).
As this event first began to unfold, I immediately wondered, "Is this a revenge shooting from someone whose content channel was banned by YouTube?" At first, the media reported this was some deranged girlfriend targeting her boyfriend who worked at YouTube, but as more facts have emerged, that doesn't seem to be the case at all. This was, we now know, the first known case of a censored Youtuber escalating the war on free speech into a kinetic response (i.e. an attempted mass shooting).
YouTube is an evil corporation that's censoring many voices of reason, truth and liberty… and now YouTube employees find themselves on the front lines of a shooting war
YouTube, you see, is on a tyrannical censorship crusade to silence all independent voices. Even Nasim Aghdam, as crazy as she may be in other ways, saw that she was being systematically censored by YouTube to silence her views (which, granted, may have been a little twisted, but if she had simply been allowed to vent on a public video channel, she would have had no reason to seek revenge against YouTube in the first place). As she posted on her own website:
As more and more people are coming to realize, this systematic censorship of freedom of expression by YouTube is an act of war against the freedom to speak, as it violates the first and most important divine right set out in the Bill of Rights: Freedom of Speech. As with all such acts of war, it will eventually spawn repercussions from those whose lives are being adversely affected (or even ruined) by YouTube's assault on free speech. This is precisely what we witnessed today with the YouTube shooting. It's not excuse for the shooting, of course, but rather an attempt to try to understand the mental state and twisted justifications of the shooter herself. The important thing to realize is that she's probably not alone in her convictions.
Reported By Gina Kynast
News Link • Social Networking/Social Media
Dave Rubin Launches Creator Hub 'Locals' To Counter Big Tech: 'Small Is The New Big'
Donna Hancock
News Link • Censorship
Poland Set To Make Censoring Social Media Accounts Illegal???????
News Link • Future Predictions
EXCLUSIVE: Twitter Insider Records CEO Jack Dorsey Laying Out Roadmap for Future..
NO, They Are Not Private Companies
A Lesson From 1930s Germany: Beware State Control of Social Media
Social Media Purge Backfiring? & the Real History of Fascism | Patrick Byrne | TECH | Rubin Report
Twitter, Facebook: $51 Billion Combined Market Value Erased Since Trump Ban
A Very Disturbing Look Deep Inside the Parler App
News Link • Hacking, Cyber Security
Where Capitol rioters were when they posted gloating Parler siege videos:
Gab, surging, has copies of all Trump's tweets
Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) Locked Out of Her Twitter Account
Twitter Chooses a Side


This inside out glass tobacco pipe averages about 3.75" in length. It features a doughnut near the mouthpiece and rod work around the bowl. It's fumed with silver and/or gold to give it it's color changing properties and includes a carb on the side of the bowl. This pipe has some of the best color changing properties of all of our pipes. Colors and designs may vary.


text:
Q: email not being sent after appending a variable to msg["To"] I am trying to append the variable to (which has an email id) to msg["To"] and send the email to this list. There is no error or anything, but the email isn't being sent. As soon as I remove the to variable from msg["To"], the email is successfully sent. Where am I going wrong?
def email (body,subject,to):
    msg = MIMEText("%s" % body)
    msg["Content-Type"] = "text/html"
    msg["From"] = "service@company.com"
    msg["To"] = to + "username@company.com"
    msg["Subject"] = '%s' % subject
    p = Popen(["/usr/sbin/sendmail", "-t"], stdin=PIPE)
    p.communicate(msg.as_string())

A: The problem is that if you have an e-mail address, appending a second will just run them together.
to = "address1@example.com"
msg["To"] = to + "address2@example.com"
print msg["To"]
>>> address1@example.comaddress2@example.com

Needless to say, address1@example.comaddress2@example.com is not a valid e-mail address and any MTA is going to barf on it.
Per RFC 822 and its successors, MTAs expect commas between addresses, so:
msg["To"] = to + ", address2@example.com"

should work.

A: Adding to=to.strip() fixed it..


text:
Gov. Kim Reynolds hints at possible tax legislation, perhaps more tax cuts
Barbara Rodriguez
The Des Moines Register
Gov. Kim Reynolds and Republican legislative leaders on Wednesday hinted at making additional changes to Iowa's tax code, though they offered few details.
Reynolds and Senate President Charles Schneider, a West Des Moines Republican, highlighted the topic during separate remarks at a luncheon hosted by the Iowa Chamber Alliance. Both indicated they could focus on Iowa's corporate tax rates.
While neither said they planned to support tax cuts, Republicans have long advocated lowering taxes to spur economic growth.
► Support local journalism. Subscribe to the Des Moines Register.
The Republican-controlled Legislature and Reynolds earlier this year approved more than $2 billion in state tax cuts spread over several years. Some of the cuts only take effect if revenue goals are met.
Reynolds, who was elected to a four-year term in November, is expected to offer more specifics during her Condition of the State address on Jan. 15.
Reynolds and Schneider both also highlighted economic development as part of their priorities for the upcoming Legislature.
Lawmakers will convene next month.


text:
2012 Infiniti M Road Test Review
2012 Luxury Car Buyer's Guide - Top 10 Picks
Lincoln MKS
2012 Luxury Car Buyer's Guide Home Page
Having a gorgeous body and the ability to run has to be a double whammy. Not only can the 2012 Infiniti M cultivate the envy of others, but it can outdistance them when they're in pursuit. Score both for the Infiniti M performance luxury sedan, a deliciously evocative combination of supple-styled steel and eager driving capability.
This is the second year of the current "M" iteration, after a total "ground up" redesign for 2011, that focused attention on appearance as well as performance. The line up retains the M37 and M56 models in rear- or all-wheel-drive, but adds a gasoline-electric hybrid M35h version for the first time for 2012. All models wear the bold, uncompromising stance and toned appearance that flows from fore to aft in a sweep of motion with a slight spoiler nudging up at the rear. At standstill, it appears to be planted ready for a confrontation, with slight bulges in the hood line and over the headlamps daring a challenge. In motion, it simply leaves one in the dust.
This isn't your cruiser's luxury car. It is meant to move. For those who find a single driving style somewhat boring, there are quick changes in its character thanks to settings in the 7-speed automatic transmission, the only one available. Transitions go quickly from normal to sport to economy (for more earth friendly fuel savings) with accompanying adjustments in shift gate timing. In bad weather, it can morph to a snow mode. Rear drive alone, although not anchored at all four corners, is sure footed in most conditions.
While the M37 rides on a "refined" 3.7-liter V-6 engine (Infiniti's term) that kicks out 330-horsepower, it gains an 18 city/ 26 highway miles per gallon rating. The M56 model earns 420-HP from its 5.6-liter V-8 that also features Direct Injection Gasoline technology. Mileage for the rear drive version is 16/25, with a loss of two highway miles with all-wheel-drive. The 360-net horsepower for the V-6 based "driver's" hybrid version earns a combined 29 miles per gallon.
Last year's Sport and Sport Touring Packages in the M56 are now combined into one Sport Package model for 2012. And Infiniti adds a Graphite interior color palette for Deluxe Touring versions.
Despite attention to the athletic side, Infiniti hasn't forgotten the technology equation. In addition to the expected navigation system, there's active noise control to keep engine sounds quietly at bay rather than allowing jarring dissonances to filter into the cabin. Infiniti notes that its blind spot intervention is the world's first system to selectively brake and prevent drift into an adjacent lane if the blind spot warning system detects a vehicle there. "Eco Pedal" provides feedback to coax more eco-friendly driving as the "Forest Air" system cleans and freshens interior air. And a system called Active Trace Control helps keep all tires planted during cornering.
Seating in the Infiniti M doesn't overlook comfort for those with luxury inclinations, with available heated and cooled front seats and 10-way power adjustable settings. A heated steering wheel is standard.
Base pricing ranges from $47,700 to $53,700. Among the priciest factory-installed options are the Premium Package for M37 ($3,450) that's standard on the M56, the V-8 M56 Sport Package ($5,650) and the Technology Package ($3,050) that's available on all models, including the hybrid. Those price tags not only buy a luxurious driving experience, but one that can kick backsides at the same time. Or as one automotive critic put it, a kind of "luxury hot rod."
Visit the Infiniti website, click here.


Remember Shadow Brokers, the shadowy hacker group that made headlines in August 2016 when it leaked advanced NSA hacking tools. Shadow Brokers had claimed that it had access to whole range NSA hacking tools and had attempted to sell some of the tools on the dark web. After failing to get buyers for the hacking tools, Shadow Brokers today announced its retirement. The hacker group said it was "going dark", but not before leaving a parting gift. It leaked a full set of NSA-linked Windows hacking tools freely to the public.
The group published a tweet today and an article on their website, hosted on the ZeroNet anonymous hosting service.
The message left by the group reveals their frustration at not being able to sell the stolen hacking tools and exploits. Shadow Group had claimed to have stolen all the hacking tools from the servers owned by The Equation Group, a nickname given by security firms to the NSA and its foreign cyber-espionage operations.
The group, however, has not completely abandoned hopes of selling the stolen NSA cyberweapons. In their message, the Shadow Brokers said they will still keep open their offer to sell a batch of Windows hacking tools for 750 bitcoins.
The group also publicly released an archive with 58 Windows hacking tools, currently already detected by Kaspersky antivirus, which can be downloaded from their website. "Password is F**kTheWorld Is being final f**k you, you should have been believing TheShadowBrokers," the hacker group said.
61 files in new #ShadowBrokers dump, 18 claim to be from Microsoft (not signed). Other 43 have no publisher information.
Of the 61 files in the new Shadow Brokers dump, only 74de13b5ea68b3da24addc009f84baee was in @virustotal before today.
NSA and the US intelligence community will breath a sigh of relief to see the back of the mysterious hacking group which had given its top honchos plenty of sleepless nights.
I have tried to decrypt the files with Kleopatra on windows with given password but no luck and decryption and extraction fails always, please guide me to decrypt the folder/files.
Anyone know the password ??


text:
Q: Caching query in Elasticsearch I want to perform a search on dataset with 100k entries. I am using elasticsearch and following is my query:
{
  'query': {
    'bool': {
      'filter': {
        'bool': {
          'must': [
            {
              'term': {
                'is_profiled': true
              }
            },
            {
              'range': {
                'profile_completion': {
                  'gte': '37'
                }
              }
            },
            {
              'bool': {
                'should': [
                  {
                    'geo_distance': {
                      'distance': '70km',
                      'address.place.location': '12.9715987, 77.5945627'
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          'must_not': [
            {
              'exists': {
                'field': 'is_staffing_employee'
              }
            }
          ],
          'should': {
            'match_phrase': {
              'functional_areas.name': 'Sales / Business Development'
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  '_source': false,
  'size': 1000
}

Now, this query is taking a lot of time (in some cases around 10 seconds). I was wondering is there a way where we can make it fast by caching the query components (some are static components in my query). I read about the caches in elasticsearch (node query cache, shard request cache etc.) but all seems to be caching the result (which is post) and my use case is such that I need to query once only. Can anyone help me out here.

A: How about eagerly loading fielddata to preload the fields contents to memory?
This makes sure the in-memory cache has already populated before you fire a query.
For latest versions you can look into preloading data into file-system cache.


text:
M&M's melt in your mouth, not as you launch
These shuttle-themed M&M's were presented to members of the final launch team and astronaut crew for NASA's STS-135 mission.collectSPACE.com
July 14, 2011, 6:51 PM UTC / Source: Space.com
By By Robert Z. Pearlman
In the hours that led up to NASA's final space shuttle launch last Friday, the launch and mission control teams, as well as the astronauts flying on board shuttle Atlantis, received a sweet surprise: special space shuttle-themed M&M's candies.
The red, blue and silver " candy-coated chocolates " – as NASA has generically labeled them ever since they flew aboard the first shuttle mission in 1981 – were in small metal tins. Marked with their trademark "m" on one side, the candies were decorated on the reverse with either a small image of the shuttle orbiter, the phrase "3... 2... 1... Lift Off!" or the date of the launch, "July 8, 2011."
"We've been honored to fly on more than 130 missions with hundreds of American heroes over the last three decades," said Debra Sandler, chief consumer officer for Mars Chocolate North America, whose products include M&M's. "It's bittersweet to see this program, which has inspired millions to reach for the stars, come to an end, but we wish the crew of Atlantis a safe and successful mission," she said in a statement.
The customized M&M's were delivered to NASA's team members at both launch control at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla., and mission control at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
The STS-135 astronauts — commander Chris Ferguson, pilot Doug Hurley and mission specialists Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim — received M&M's personalized with their names.
M&M's history on the shuttle
One of the most well-known examples of the off-the-shelf foods flown on the space shuttle, M&M's have been eaten on the winged spacecraft since the STS-1 crew requested them on the shuttle Columbia when they lifted off on April 12, 1981.
The candies' small shape and colorful assortment have made them a favorite for astronauts, not just to eat but to play within the microgravity environment on the shuttle. It has been a common sight over the past three decades to see shuttle crew members tossing the M&M's between them, catching them in their mouths, or playing Pac-Man — chomping on a floating line up of the candy pieces.
A memorable photo taken in 1992 of STS-46 commander Loren Shriver showed the astronaut attempting to catch the floating sweets as he hovered in front of space shuttle Atlantis' window overlooking the Earth below.
NASA, as a federal agency, has been eager to avoid the appearance of commercial endorsements, so when then candies flew, they were removed from their packaging, placed in vacuum-sealed clear pouches and identified only as "candy-coated chocolates."
The M&M's retained their letter "m" markings, though.
The candies remained more or less generic until astronaut Shannon Lucid spent 188 days aboard the Russian space station Mir in 1996. When asked what she missed most back on Earth, she replied from orbit, "I guess the only thing that would be nice is to have a few more M&M's."
Her confession led to both the NASA administrator and president of the United States presenting Lucid with many pounds of M&M's upon her landing on the space shuttle. The Mars Chocolates company also packaged red, white and blue M&M's to give to her and visitors to the Kennedy Space Center.
M&M's will continue to be consumed in space aboard the International Space Station. Space shuttle Atlantis, flying this final shuttle flight, has the almond-variety on board, or "candy-coated almonds." The crew's personalized M&M's remained on the ground.
Follow collectSPACE on Facebook and Twitter @collectSPACE and editor Robert Pearlman @robertpearlman. Copyright 2011 collectSPACE.com. All rights reserved.
By Robert Z. Pearlman


6. Should Korea Join the Trans-Pacific Partnership?
Abstract: The negotiation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a megaregional agreement to lower barriers to trade and investment and promote economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, has been a dynamic process with a number of countries joining the talks in midstream. Since negotiations began in March 2010, participation in the TPP talks has expanded several times to include Malaysia (October 2010), Vietnam (December 2010), Canada and Mexico (October 2012), and Japan (July 2013). In November 2013, Korea announced its interest in participating in the TPP and began consulting with the countries involved. The TPP now has 12 participants. Korea is still considering whether to become lucky 13.
7. Ukraine's Choice: European Association Agreement or Eurasian Union?
Abstract: China's policy response to the global financial and economic crisis was early, large, and well-designed. Although Chinese financial institutions had little exposure to the toxic financial assets that brought down many large Western investment banks and other financial firms, China's leadership recognized that its dependence on exports meant that it was acutely vulnerable to a global recession. Thus they did not subscribe to the view sometimes described as "decoupling," the idea that Asian countries could passively weather the financial storm that originated in the United States and other advanced industrial economies. They understood that absent a vigorous policy response China inevitably would suffer from the backwash of a sharp economic slowdown in its largest export markets—the United States and Europe.
10. The Future of the Chiang Mai Initiative: An Asian Monetary Fund?


Postdoc positions on the evolution of speech and language are available for the ERC-project "Advancing Behavioral and Cognitive Understanding of Speech" at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. We are looking for postdocs who have recently obtained or who will soon obtain their PhD, and who have experience in experimental investigation or computer modeling of the evolution of speech.
building computational models of the acquisition and evolution of combinatorial speech (description and how to apply here).
The aim of the projects is to advance our understanding of how modern humans' ability to deal with complex speech has evolved and whether there are any language-specific cognitive adaptations involved.
The positions are for two years, while an extension to three years is possible (also depending on the starting date). Pay and social benefits will be in accordance with Belgian academic standards. The envisaged starting date is before June 2014.


SpeedwayGP.com looks back at the best of the 2018 World Championship action. Today, we feature Monster Energy SON Race Off 1 in Teterow.
SpeedwayGP.com looks back at the best of the 2018 World Championship action. Today, we feature the inaugural Monster Energy FIM Speedway of Nations event – Race Off 1 at Teterow on June 2.
It was the first time for 20 years that a world title had been contested over a pairs format. And the brand new Monster Energy SON was always going to see the sport's most established teams pushed to the limit.
So it was only fitting that Russian racers Artem Laguta and Emil Sayfutdinov started their charge towards the history books with an impressive victory at the Bergring Arena.
Even an up-and-down night for double World Under-21 champion Sayfutdinov couldn't stop his team.
A massive 16 points from Laguta – as he dropped just one from six rides – inspired Russia into the Finals.
But Sayfutdinov certainly did his job, winning the only race where Laguta missed out on victory when Ukrainian racer Aleksandr Loktaev got between them. He also bagged two seconds behind his team mate and two thirds, suffering just one last place to register nine as Russia ended on 25 points.
It was also a huge night for the hosts as Germany flexed their muscles on the World Championship stage, with Martin Smolinski and Kai Huckenbeck reaching their country's first world final of the 21st century as they took second spot on 20 points.
Like Russia, they did well to avoid last places – suffering only two. Incredibly, the first of those came at the hands of Denmark when Michael Jepsen Jensen and Kenneth Bjerre grabbed a 4-2 in heat 10.
But a 5-1 and three 4-2s sent them into their final outing against Russia already certain of their place at the Finals in Wroclaw.
Huckenbeck's huge win over USA legend Greg Hancock in heat 15 was the highlight of an impressive performance, with Smolinski also working overtime to slow his former SGP rival in a true team effort.
With Russia and Germany automatically through, Denmark were forced to compete in the final knock-out heat to earn their spot at the Olympic Stadium.
Slovenia and USA faced off for the right to join them in that race, but it proved a bit of a one-sided affair.
Hancock matched Laguta's top score of 16 to put USA in contention, with partner Gino Manzares scoring one. Meanwhile, Zagar raced to 14 for Slovenia, aided by two from Matic Ivacic and one from Nick Skorja.
The sides finished on 17 apiece, but qualification was decided long before the knock-out race when Manzares crashed as he chased down Zagar for second place in heat 18.
With the SGP star slowing up to try and help Ivacic make a move, the young American lost control and crashed hard, leaving him unable to continue.
Despite Hancock winning their knock-out race, Zagar and Skorja followed him home, with second and third enough to earn them a showdown with Denmark.
Avoiding that dreaded last place proved critical once again. Despite Zagar taking charge, Bjerre and MJJ kept their cool when it mattered most to deny Slovenia their first ever world final spot and keep the Danish challenge on track.
It was a night of high tension and high drama. But the Monster Energy SON was only just getting started!


text:
SEMI Online Store
Events / Proceedings
Home › - SEMI MF672 - Guide for Measuring Resistivity Profiles Perpendicular to the Surface of a Silicon Wa
- SEMI MF672 - Guide for Measuring Resistivity Profiles Perpendicular to the Surface of a Silicon Wafer Using a Spreading Resistance Probe
Volume(s): Silicon Materials & Process Control
Type: Single Standards Download (.pdf)
SEMI Standards Copyright Policy/License Agreements
The resistivity profile of a silicon wafer perpendicular to its surface is frequently a necessary or useful property of the wafer.
The measurement of resistivity profile by means of a spreading resistance probe is a complex procedure, with a number of commonly accepted options for carrying out the component measurements. This Guide describes a range of choices, consistent with good practice, for the electronic configuration, type of specimen preparation, and method for measuring bevel angle. Items not specified by this Guide are to be agreed upon by the parties to the test, usually from a specified set of choices in the context of a general restriction. The measurement of bevel angle is particularly difficult to specify, as the selection of an appropriate method depends not only on the range of angle measured but also on the quality of the instrumentation available for that method. Although ideally the beveled surface and the original surface should be two planes intersecting along a straight line, the actual geometry may differ from this ideal further complicating the measurement. These points are recognized in the section on limitations and in Appendix 1 and associated references on the bevel-angle measurement.
This Guide extends the procedures of SEMI MF525 to depth profiling.
The procedures in this Guide can be used for process control, research and development, and materials acceptance purposes, but see ¶ 17.5 for restrictions on use for materials acceptance.
Referenced SEMI Standards
SEMI C28 — Specification and Guide for Hydrofluoric Acid
SEMI C29 — Specification and Guide for 4.9% Hydrofluoric Acid (10:1 v/v)
SEMI C31 — Specification for Methanol
SEMI M59 — Terminology for Silicon Technology
SEMI MF26 — Test Method for Determining the Orientation of a Semiconductive Single Crystal
SEMI MF42 — Test Method for Conductivity Type of Extrinsic Semiconducting Materials
SEMI MF84 —Test Method for Measuring Resistivity of Silicon Wafers with an In-Line Four-Point Probe
SEMI MF374 — Test Method for Sheet Resistance of Silicon Epitaxial, Diffused, Polysilicon, and Ion-Implanted Layers Using an In-Line Four-Point Probe with the Single-Configuration Procedure
SEMI MF525 — Test Method for Measuring Resistivity of Silicon Wafers Using a Spreading Resistance Probe
SEMI MF674 — Practice for Preparing Silicon for Spreading Resistance Measurements
SEMI MF723 — Practice for Conversion Between Resistivity and Dopant or Carrier Density for Boron-Doped, Phosphorus-Doped, and Arsenic-Doped Silicon
SEMI MF1392 — Test Method for Determining Net Carrier Density Profiles in Silicon Wafers by Capacitance-Voltage Measurements with a Mercury Probe
Member Price: $113.00
Regular price Non-Member Price: $150.00
2-01 - Superseded - $150.00 USD 2-0412 (Reapproved 1018) - Current - $150.00 USD 2-0412 - Superseded - $150.00 USD 2-0307 - Superseded - $150.00 USD 2-0706 - Superseded - $150.00 USD
673 South Milpitas Blvd.
Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
semihq@semi.org
©2018 SEMI All rights reserved.
Vertical Application Platforms
Window on China
SEMI Blogs


text:
import compiler
import json
import logging
import os

from guido import DefaultGuido

_GUIDO = DefaultGuido()
_DEFAULT_CONFIG = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'fake_codebase.json')

def scan_config(config_file=_DEFAULT_CONFIG):
  config = json.load(open(config_file))
  count = 0
  for root, extensions in config:
    count += scan_dir(root, extensions)
  return count

def scan_dir(path, extensions):
  count = 0
  """Recursively scan the directory located at path."""
  logging.warning(path)
  for root, unused_dirs, files in os.walk(path):
    for f in files:
      if any([f.endswith(ext) for ext in extensions]):
        try:
          count += ingest_file(os.path.join(root, f))
        except Exception as e:
          logging.warning(e.message)
  return count

def ingest_file(path):
  ast = compiler.parseFile(path)
  visitor = FunctionVisitor(path)
  compiler.walk(ast, visitor)
  return visitor.count

class FunctionVisitor(compiler.visitor.ASTVisitor):
  def __init__(self, filepath):
    self.filepath = filepath
    self.count = 0

  def visitFunction(self, node):
    num_defaults = len(node.defaults)
    _GUIDO.add_lazy(name=node.name,
                    args=node.argnames[:-num_defaults],
                    def_args=node.argnames[-num_defaults:],
                    filepath=self.filepath,
                    location=node.lineno)
    self.count += 1

def main():
  count = scan_config()
  _GUIDO.flush()
  return count

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tearing ourselves apart
The United States faces in my opinion the second greatest political crisis in its history, less serious only than the civil war, largely because the idea of genuine national unity has evaporated. The two political parties are divided, literally as never before, along lines of race and gender--indeed, those divisions are much more significant than those of class. Donald Trump, who has run almost explicitly as the candidate of white American in general and white male America in particular, will probably lose the election, but he is likely to win more than 40% of the vote, compared to the 13.5% that George Wallace won playing the same part in 1968. His voters will probably emerge from the election angrier than ever. Meanwhile, among the black community, the ideas that discrimination, racism and the legacy of slavery have created specifically oppressive conditions that demand race-specific results seems stronger than ever, as exemplified by the Black Lives Matter movement.
Belonging as I do to the left side of American politics, I am going to focus on what my own side has done to help create this mess. It is not merely that Hillary Clinton specifically rejected Bernie Sanders's class-based appeal during the primaries, arguing that decreasing income inequality wouldn't do much about racism, sexism and homophobia. She is also explicitly running as the candidate of women, minorities, and immigrants, and raising the rhetorical ante this week by labeling Trump as the candidate of racist white Americans. The whole emphasis on racial disparities in the economy, education, and the criminal justice system that began half a century ago has promoted the idea of our economy as a zero-sum game in which white males have too much and everyone else has too little. The increasingly popular concept of "white male privilege" contributes to the same view. In my opinion, this view, which is mainstream in the Democratic party and hegemonic in academia, has done a great deal to bring about the rise of Donald Trump. It has convinced millions of Americans--white, black, and Hispanic--that most poor people are minorities and that most federal programs only help them--two facts that are clearly and demonstrably false. Our problems, which are not racial in origin in my opinion, are invariably interpreted through a racial lens. The effect of this in many cases is obscure both the scope and the depth of the problems we face, and to make it much harder to address them seriously. And to illustrate this I am going to take one of the problems most under discussion: the issue of mass incarceration.
The other day, a facebook friend posted this graph and the accompanying story. The graph shows what happened to incarceration rates in the US from 1960 to 2010, broken down by race and gender. The headline, typically, stressed that the gap in incarceration rates between whites on the one hand and blacks and hispanics on the other had increased. Typically--and trust me, from the googling I've just done, I am not making this up--the graph and the story dealt entirely in percentages, not in total numbers. I decided to look up some census data and get a better perspective on these statistics. Combining different data sets always has problems, and I am sure my figures are not exactly accurate, but they are close enough to paint a clear and true picture.
Because segregation still prevailed in much of the United States in 1960, far fewer women earned their own living, and gays generally had to stay in the closet, it is fashionable to portray the 1950s as a hopelessly unenlightened and oppressive era, one that no one in their right mind would want to return to. I can assure you without much fear of contradiction, though, that there are 1.5 million Americans today--or as of 2010--who would be delighted to return to 1960 if they could, because they are in prison today and would not have been in prison then. Leaving race aside for a moment, the increase in incarceration in our society since 1960 is absolutely staggering--one of the biggest single differences, I would argue, between the US then and the US now.
The population of the United States in 1960 was 179 million people. Of those, according to the incarceration rates in the table that I linked above, 375,790 were confined in jails and prisons. (I used US census data to get to the totals.) That amounts to .21% of the population, one fifth of one percent. In 2010 the population had reached 309 million--and the prison and jail population was 2.3 million, .74 percent--more than three times higher. We had 375,790 people in prison in 1960; we now have nearly 2.3 million, about six times as many. Even if we apply today's incarceration rate to the much smaller population of 1960, we get a surplus of 1.5 million prisoners--the source of the figure that I gave in the last paragraph. That is why many states--such as California, the largest--now spend more money on their prisons than on higher education, the reverse of the situation in 1960. This is an appalling situation--and its effects are not confined to minority populations.
Yes, the incarceration rates for blacks and Hispanics are much higher than those for whites, but the absolute numbers are not. If my calculations are correct, black prisoners do represent a plurality of the prison population. I show 830,000 black prisoners in 2010, 815,000 white ones, and 446,000 Hispanics. (The Hispanic numbers have grown by far the most since 1960 because, of course, their total numbers have grown the most.) But that still means that there are more than twice as many white people in prison now than there were total Americans in 1960, and the population has not doubled. In fact, among demographic categories in the table, the biggest single percentage increase in incarceration rates, 1960-2010, was for white women, whose rate went from 11 per 100,000 in 1960 to 91 per 100,000 in 2010.
The terrible irony of all this, it seems to me, is that it is probably in the blue states, where the white population (and a substantial chunk of the minority population) is much better off, that the racial disparity in prison populations is the greatest. There are poor white people everywhere, but there are far more of them, percentage-wise, in the poorest states, which are red states almost without exception. The Trump voters know all about poverty, crime, and incarceration in their own white communities and they know that the Democratic Party always seems to talk about these issues in racial terms. I continue to feel it's pathetic that they are voting for man who will do less than nothing for them, but their resentment of my side is quite understandable.
I do not have time today to look up the figure again, but I recently did confirm that most of the people killed by police officers in this country are also white. Yes, proportionally, they are fewer--but in absolute terms, they are more. I am afraid that when BLM activists insist on focusing only on black deaths, and when white liberals stress statistical disparities, it does imply that the white deaths aren't important, because they are proof, in some bizarre way, of "white privilege," since there are proportionately fewer of them. When I pointed this out on a very interracial facebook page, two young black people asked why the white community wasn't more upset about their people who were killed by the police. That's an interesting question. It may be that it is an aspect of being part of what has been the largest and dominant group that one does not attribute misfortune to race, and is more likely to blame it on circumstances or, in some cases, on what the victim actually did. All of us ought to ponder that question.
Let me address my concluding remarks to my fellow liberals, black and white. For 50 years we have argued that race was the key to problems of poverty, education, and the criminal justice system. What has happened? Education is only marginally more integrated than it was then, poverty is still very widespread, and the percentage of Americans in prison has tripled. And it has become much, much harder than in the 1960s to build a political coalition to do something about these problems. Sadly, it is clear to me that white liberals--especially in academia--see it as a mark of their own virtue to put a racial cast on these problems. It isn't. They all affect millions of white people as well--and casting them in racial terms alienates those people and makes it harder to find solutions, as the state politics of the red states prove beyond any doubt. The nation desperately needs causes around which all of us can rally. Poverty, education and criminal justice could play that role--if we recognized that they affect us all.
The great winner in this story has been corporate America. Around the turn of the 19-20th century, when Populism swept what we now call the Red States, southern politicians turned white voters against disenfranchised blacks to defect their anger from railroads and banks. Now both parties are playing the same game from different sides of the fence. Corporate America has leavened its upper reaches some female and minority executives, but in general, it impartially exploits all the rest of us. It will continue to do so until we can impartially unite to limit its power, as we did from the 1930s through the 1960s, with extraordinary results. Both Trump and Clinton are now deepening the racial divide. They are both members are allies of our corporate and financial elite.
Trump, McCarthy and the Republican Party
Like Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s, Donald Trump has become the standard bearer of the right wing of the Republican Party. Both rose to prominence by pushing conspiracy theories. McCarthy argued that the State Department and the whole federal government were full of Communists, while Trump began the new phase of his career by suggesting that President Obama was not born in Hawaii, and continues to hint that the President has some unexplained connection to Islam. Both surprised the Republican party and the nation by the resonance their extreme claims found in the heartland—even among many working class Democrats, as well as Republicans. And ultimately, both became involved in a confrontation with their own party. McCarthy's confrontation led to his downfall. The last phase of Trump's confrontation with his party establishment began last week, and its outcome remains uncertain.
When Joseph McCarthy, a junior Senator from Wisconsin, announced in February 1950 in Wheeling, West Virginia that he had a list of Communists knowingly employed by the State Department, he created a sensation. Like Donald Trump, McCarthy made one sweeping charge after another—none of which ever proved to be true. But despite numerous newspaper stories and Congressional investigations debunking his charges, his popularity only seemed to grow. He proved himself a national political power in the Congressional elections of 1950, when he helped defeat several relatively liberal candidates. The leadership of the Republican Party, increasingly desperate after nearly 20 years out of power, encouraged his attacks, and in the 1952 campaign, Dwight Eisenhower refused to repudiate McCarthy or anything that he had said. The Republicans won control of Congress as well as the White House that year, and McCarthy became the chairman of a powerful Senate committee.
McCarthy by this time had developed a tactic of not only accusing various left-wingers of Communist associations, but also of arguing that anyone who opposed him was a witting or unwitting dupe of the Communist conspiracy. With the Republicans back in office, their leadership expected McCarthy to confine his attacks to Democrats—but such was not to be the case. McCarthy and his Senate staff, led by Roy Cohn—later a friend of Donald Trump's—continued finding supposed Communist influence in various government agencies. Then they stumbled upon the case of an Army dentist, Captain Irving Peress, who had refused to answer questions about his political affiliations before entering the Army. It took some months for the Army to discharge him as politically undesirable, and before it had done so, Peress was routinely promoted to major. McCarthy immediately announced that this proved a Communist conspiracy within the Army, dedicated to harboring and promoting subversives. He demanded that the Army furnish the names of everyone involved in the promotion and publicly berated the Secretary of the Army. This led to the televised "Army-McCarthy hearings," which finally discredited him. A plurality of the Republicans in the Senate joined in censuring his conduct, and he never recovered. He died less than three years later.
Trump's appointment of Steven Bannon of breitbnart.com to run his presidential campaign represents a final break with the Republican establishment. With only a few exceptions such as the elder members of the Bush family, that establishment had rallied around Trump for the same reason that leading Republicans failed to confront McCarthy: he has too much popular appeal, especially among their own base. Since the convention the papers have been filled with hopeful stories about Trump's possible "pivot," his transformation into a normal, respectable presidential candidate who would do what the party elders wanted. According to a New York Times story that evidently stung Trump, his own campaign leadership asked him to change his strategy a couple of weeks ago in an "intervention"—but he refused. (Oddly, while McCarthy was an alcoholic, Trump reportedly does not drink at all.) Instead, Trump hired Bannon, a leading figure within the populist, ultra-right faction of the Republicans represented by Breitbart, the Drudge report, and Rush Limbaugh. Just as McCarthy began to accuse the Eisenhower Administration, too, of coddling Communists, Bannon and company have labelled mainstream Republicans as RINOS, Republicans in name only. Bannon was a key figure in the primary defeat of Republican House Whip Eric Cantor in 2014, and he supported Paul Ryan's primary opponent this year. Trump has in effect signaled the Republican Party, from Paul Ryan on down, that if he is elected they will either toe his line or face the wrath of Trump voters.
That Trump actually secured the Republican nomination shows how weak the party leadership has become. McCarthy was a national political power for four years, but he did not run for President I952 or seek the vice-presidential nomination and there was never any evidence that he could have secured the nomination. Trump, on the other hand, made short work of this year's leading Republicans, none of whom came close to matching his appeal. He is now trailing Hillary Clinton by substantial margins in the polls, however, and the appointment of Bannon, I suspect, will start a hemorrhage of leading Republicans from his campaign. They will turn against Trump, I suspect, for the same reason the Republicans turned against McCarthy in 1954—because their own political survival is at stake. That will not be the last of Trump or the forces he represents. The Frankenstein the Republican leadership helped to create in the Bill Clinton and Obama Administrations is too large and healthy to be slain quickly. But if Trump loses very badly, it may turn out that this new eruption of the paranoid style of American politics—a term coined in response to McCarthy—has passed its peak.
A few thoughts on where we are going
I shall defer any further comments on our election for at least a week, to see if present trends continue. So far, last week's analogy between Trump and Bryan is looking pretty good, at least with respect to how the election seems likely to turn out and what the long-term consequences might be. But the election of Hillary Clinton will leave us with enormous problems to solve--problems which our establishment, of which she is now the leading representative, has little grasp of. History is at a turning point, and the powers that be, it seems to me, are doing their best to ignore it.
Last month's attempted coup in Turkey and the Erdogan government's response represent a major world-historical event. Turkey's Fourth Turning, or crisis, was somewhat delayed. It was in the 1920s that Kemal Ataturk founded secular, modern Turkey, based on western dress and institutions. Turkey has been evolving in a much more religious direction for more than a decade, but without any dramatic break with the past. That break has now come. Whoever was actually behind the coup, the regime clearly used it as an excuse to execute a carefully planned and widespread purge, comparable to what Italy went through in the 1920s and Germany in the early 1930s, when only those who would accept Fascist or Nazi rule were allowed to remain in positions of responsibility. The Turkish government, meanwhile, has started a worldwide propaganda campaign to blame the coup on an exile living in America, whose extradition was quickly demanded in two separate op-ed pieces in the New York Times. Turkey is now au authoritarian state,. and a major player in the Sunni-Shi'ite civil war that is tearing the Middle East apart. Since its accession to the EU was being treated as a real possibility before the coup and the government's response, and since the United States still talks as if Turkey was our ally in the Middle East, this should be moving our leadership a chance to re-evaluate our whole policy--but there is no sign that this is happening. There are at least two very important conclusions that might be drawn.
To begin with, it is time for the US government to abandon the fantasy that it has any real allies in the Middle East. We still claim to want more allies against various forms of terrorism, led by ISIS; we want political change in Syria, including the end of the Assad regime as presently constituted; and in theory, we want peace between Israel and the Palestinians. But increasingly it seems that no major Middle Eastern actor shares these goals. The Sunnis and the Shi'ites are focused on defeating each other, in Iraq, in Lebanon, and above all in Syria. Turkey seems more concerned with the Assad regime than with ISIS, and perhaps more concerned with the Kurds, as well. Our other major ally, Israel, seems simply to welcome the increasing chaos among its Muslim neighbors, which leaves it in a stronger position. The weapons we send to various groups in Syria generally find their way into the wrong hands. Russia has now outplayed us there by seizing upon one of the truly possible courses of action: supporting the Assad regime. Having decided that it was too evil to continue, we have had no effective response.
Indeed, important elements within our leadership remain committed to the fantasy of popular upheaval leading to more democracy in the Middle East. This is the theme of an article in the current New York Review of Books (which unfortunately is available to subscribers only) by our UN Ambassador, Samantha Power, who wants us to do more to show that we are on the side of oppressed peoples and against their governments. She specifically calls on our diplomats not to spend so much time dealing with their host governments--always their primary function--but instead to engage with the people. "This should include building relationships not only with well-known civil society organizations," she writes, "but also with groups like teachers' associations, workers' unions, and leaders in the business community—and not only with the vocal majorities, but with the minorities who are harder to find and hear. This kind of engagement demands a greater investment in our diplomatic efforts at a time when many governments—including the United States—are facing significant pressure to scale back the resources they dedicate to investments overseas, and to cloister diplomats in fortress-like embassies in the parts of the world where such local connections are actually needed most. So leaders must make the case to the public not only for why we cannot isolate ourselves from these problems, but also why we must widen the scope of our diplomatic engagement as a national security imperative." With large portions of the world sliding towards anarchy and suspicion of American motives higher than ever, this is a recipe for disaster, not least among the people whom Power wants to help.
Power, essentially, is clinging to the Hegelian vision that has seduced the US foreign policy elite since the fall of Communism, the idea that western values are now destined to triumph everywhere and that we can easily hasten the process. In fact, the events in Turkey are parallel to events almost 40 years ago in Iran, where another relatively secular, pro-western regime was overthrown by its people and replaced by the Ayatollah Khomeini. The prestige of western civilization reached its peak in the era of the two world wars and began to slip in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Its retreat is accelerating in much of the Muslim world. In my opinion, the regimes that we shall have to live with for the next few decades will have less in common with our values than the USSR did. If we can accept that, we can use the situation to reaffirm our own values, especially at home. If we remain in denial, we will do more harm than good, and our government's prestige will be further eroded.
Meanwhile, on a broader front, we are coping, in a new way, with the consequences of the nuclear age. While fears of nuclear terrorism--most probably in the form of a "dirty bomb"--are growing, nuclear weapons have kept the peace among the major powers now for 71 years. There is in my opinion an excellent chance that they will continue to do so. That, however, has made it unnecessary for the governments of the major powers to demand the kind of allegiance they received from their peoples during the first half of the twentieth century, or to make comparable claims on their nations' resources either for defense or for other public goods. I have often remarked that I will not be disappointed to depart the earth without seeing a conflict on the scale of the two world wars, but great power conflict had some beneficial long-term consequences, particularly in the victorious nations. The whole post-1945 emergence of the American suburban middle class was in many ways a direct payoff to the young men of America who had fought the Second World War, and to their families. Ordinary Americans are suffering today because the government feels no such obligation to them. We have, sadly, found no substitute for war to bind us together and exert a claim on our resources for the common good. All over the world, economic oligarchies control more and more of the economic surplus.
The Trump campaign, I am afraid, will leave any serious attempt to address our problems further away than ever, even if he is soundly defeated. Trump has made himself the issue, and the incessant focus on his latest outrageous remark leaves no room for any serious discussion of the issues we face. Clinton seems especially determined to run as the establishment candidate on foreign policy, and Trump will not provide any coherent alternatives. The establishment is clearly completely out of touch with the more than 40% of the electorate that will vote for him, and many Democrats will vote without great enthusiasm as well. Government will remain divided. Our real challenge--to revive our best traditions and make our government actually work--will remain, whatever the result.
Who is Trump? An historical view
Much of our punditry and political leadership still seems to be in denial about the nomination of Donald Trump. Republicans talk of an "intervention" to turn him into a respectable candidate, and one story after another, all evidently made out of whole cloth, speculates about his withdrawal from the race. While it is beginning to look as though he will in fact be soundly defeated, we must still face the fact that he commands the support of a large majority of our white population and over 40% of the nation as a whole. Meanwhile, people search for analogies to this phenomenon--of which there are, frankly, none. Wendell Willkie, the Republican candidate in 1940, was, like Trump, a businessman who had not run for office, but he had been chosen by the Republican eastern establishment as an alternative to conservative candidates from the Midwest. Barry Goldwater comes closer, but he was part of a broad conservative movement in a way that Trump is not. I shall pass over other possible analogies for the moment--except for the one upon which I want to focus. In my opinion, the closest analogy to the Trump phenomenon--with respect to the source of its appeal, the areas of the country in which it is popular, and, very likely, in its impact--is the 1896 campaign of William Jennings Bryan, a Democrat, who was soundly defeated in the balloting by William McKinley of Ohio, a Republican.
There were, to be sure, various ways in which 1896 differed very much from 2016. Bryan, to begin with, belonged to the party in power--but he was the Bernie Sanders of his day, running against establishment Democrats such as President Grover Cleveland, who was then finishing the second of his two non-consecutive terms (1885-1889 and 1893-97.) The country was in the midst of severe economic crisis that had begun three years before, not the kind of long-term stagnation that we face today. Bryan was a very young politician--he turned 36 in 1896, by far the youngest major-party candidate in history--rather than an aging businessman. Yet both of them appealed to the same kinds of class resentments, and both of them stood explicitly as foes of economic orthodoxy and the effects of world trade. And both appealed to the same parts of the country: the South, and the plains and mountain states.
The late nineteenth century was, like the early 21st, a deflationary period in economics. Both prices and wages were falling, driven down by agricultural surpluses and cheap labor, which in those days was entering the United States, not taking away jobs abroad. The vast farm population, still regarded as the backbone of America, was hit especially hard, because it could was finding it harder and harder to afford the credit farmers needed every year in anticipation of the harvest. They were rather in the situation of underwater mortgage holders, although they were far more politically powerful. The radical solution to the nation's ills was the inflation of the currency, to be accomplished by a massive coinage of silver. That, it was thought, would reduce value of debts, while increasing wages and prices. The opposite view, represented by President Cleveland and most of the Republican Party, held to the gold standard and "sound money." That was the establishment position the world over, and especially in the world's financial capital, London. To the Establishment, free silver seemed as subversive and disastrous as Trump's protectionist ideas seem today. It would force the United States inward, taking it away from the world economy, and threaten chaos. The nation's press lined up behind McKinley, just as our punditry is abandoning Trump today.
William Jennings Bryan resembled Donald Trump in one respect: he built up his campaign singlehandedly, coming out of nowhere to become a major party nominee. He did so by rallying free silver forces all over the South and Midwest. There were of course no radio or television debates in those days, but there were national conventions, gatherings of party activists and leading state and national officials who autonomously chose their nominees. When the Democrats met in Chicago, Bryan took the convention by storm, delivering his famous "cross of gold" speech during a debate on the platform. Bryan was helped, like Trump, by a terrible vacuum in the leadership of his party. I consider myself relatively well versed in the history of American politics, but I could not tell you anything about R. P. Bland, Henry M. Teller, David B. Hill, and Henry M. Teller, Bryan's losing opponents in the balloting for the nomination. In another 130 years, I suspect it will be equally hard to find anyone who can identify Marco Rubio, Jeb Bush, or Ted Cruz. The political fervor in the South and West was all anti-establishment, and some of it went into other parties, such as the populist People's Party, which endorsed Bryan.
In a sense, my comparison of Bryan to Trump is unfair to Bryan. He had both a coherent program--whether or not it might have worked--and a sincere feeling for the less well off members of American society. Trump has neither. But both are appealing to southerners and westerners who feel profoundly alienated from our economic establishment, and with good reason. Bryan, like Trump, argued for the adoption of his policies no matter what the rest of the world thought--he argued that Britain would have to adopt some form of "free silver" too, if the United States did so. Trump is the first candidate to have come to popular attention through television; Bryan became the first to run a national campaign tour. Both came out of nowhere, and threw a terrible scare into the establishment, both of the other party and their own. The Democrats had a substantial cadre of northeastern poltiicians who remained committed to conservative politics and the gold standard, and many of them--like more and more northeastern Republicans today--refused to back their candidate.
William McKinley, the Governor of Ohio and former Congressman who secured the Republican nomination, was, like Hillary Clinton, a devoted party loyalist and a pillar of the establishment, represented by his patron and campaign manager, Mark Hanna. Just as Clinton essentially endorses the economic course we have been on for the last 25 years or so--while promising, of course, to alleviate some of the hardship it has created--McKinley stood for sound money and good establishment principles. Cheap money and inflation, he argued, would hurt everyone, especially workers--and apparently, most workers agreed with him. McKinley successfully painted Bryan as a wild, fringe candidate in both the north and the midwest--and, crucially, brought about a major political realignment as a result.
In 1896, national politics had been balanced on a knife edge for 20 years. After the disputed election of 1876--in which the Republicans had managed to maneuver Rutherford B. Hayes, the real loser in the voting, into office--three extremely close elections had followed, one won by the Democrats and two by the Republicans. Every election result from 1876 through 1888 depended on the votes of one state, hotly contested New York. In 1892, Cleveland, running for the third time in a row, had won a more impressive victory, adding most of the Midwest to New York and the entire Democratic South. We too live in an era of relatively close elections. George Bush also would have been defeated in either 2000 or 2004 if a single state had gone the other way, Barack Obama won re-election in 2012 with just 51.1% of the vote.
As it turned out, Bryan's campaign was a disaster for the Democratic Party in both the short run and the long. In November 1896, the states of New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin all shifted from the Democrats to the Republicans. McKinley won with 271 electoral votes to 176. And thus began an era of four consecutive presidential elections in which the Republican Party was never seriously challenged. Bryan remained a hero to the party faithful throughout, running again in 1900 and 1908, but without ever coming close to victory. Only its split, in 1912, into Taft and Roosevelt factions, allowed Woodrow Wilson to win the White House with a substantial minority of the popular vote. After Wilson was re-elected by the narrowest of margins in 1916, the Republicans won three more landslide victories from 1920 through 1928. By 1932, when FDR won the first of four terms, the Democrats had a whole new constituency--the immigrant masses of northern cities--to add to their southern base.
Will Trump, in this respect, mirror Bryan's impact on national politics? The political establishment, now represented by Hillary Clinton, is weaker today than in 1896. The Republicans had no trouble picking a safe, uncontroversial candidate then--and Clinton remains very controversial and disliked by many. But Clinton, like McKinley, may well combine the centrist wing of the opposition party with her own base and win a smashing victory. The Republican party's base of disaffected white voters will continue to shrink.
To Democrats like myself who favored Bernie Sanders, this would be a welcome, but not inspiring outcome. The economic grievances of Trump's voters are very real, and the establishment--including Clinton--is disconnected from the public at large. Yet to compare Trump to Bryan also reveals how low American politics have sunk. Bryan was a brilliant wordsmith and orator, a highly intelligent man, and--despite the reputation he earned fighting against evolution--a serious and principled thinker. Trump is none of these things. The 1890s were still an age of print, and politicians needed literary skills that have become quite unnecessary. In the coming weeks we shall find whether Trump is destined to share Bryan's fate--and whether we are destined to continue for decades more in our age of inequality.


Gabriella Lucia Cilmi (born 10 October 1991) is an Australian singer-songwriter. is best known for debut single "Sweet About Me"
released in Australia in April 2008.
Oh easily the climax of a perfect life.
Oh easily, my smiles worth a hundred lies.
When your playing with desire, don't come running to my place when it burns like fire, boy.
Sweet about me, nothing sweet about me, yeah.