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Resources / Blog / Corner Office Q&A: Kevin Phillips
Corner Office Q&A: Kevin Phillips
Kevin Phillips is Chairman, CEO and President at defense contracting firm ManTech International, Monster's 2021 winner for Best Employers for Veterans.
Here, he talks with Monster about ManTech's veteran hiring strategy, why veterans are such an important part of the workforce, and the hiring and recruiting challenges that are facing companies in a post-COVID-19 world.
Monster just awarded ManTech as the #1 Employer for Veterans. Can you talk about ManTech's track record as a company that hires veterans?
As a company, we've always supported the Department of Defense. In the 1960's, we started as a Navy contractor, in the 1990s, we supported the military during the first Gulf War and we've continued to support the military, intelligence community and other agencies after 9/11.
That history has given us a good view and focus on veterans as a trusted partner. As you may know, government missions change from time to time. Today it's very much focused on technology and bringing digital capabilities to the federal government and to the Department of Defense, so we spend a lot of time on that.
How do you nurture and grow your veteran talent?
Veterans understand the mission sets the government needs, they have a lot of experience and passion for what that mission is, and today about 45% of our workforce are veterans. That's not by chance. That's something that's very purposeful and intentional. It's a commitment we make as a company.
So we mentor the veterans, we have career enablement initiatives, we have company-paid certification and degree programs, and we try to retrain and retool veterans once they join the company if they have an interest in it. We also work with online degree providers like Purdue University Global to establish tuition-free degrees in competencies that we think the government is going to need long-term. It'll also provide greater mobility, better pay in the life of the veterans.
This last Veteran's Day, we established a ManTech Vets Training Program. We're training a certain number of veterans for six months on technical training that's focused on a capability called Service Now as well as some cloud skills. Once they're done, they have those Service Now certifications and we can put them directly on support for different government customers.
ManTech has retained 80% of veterans hired in the last year. Do you credit the programs you've put in place as being the things that have kept veterans there long-term?
We have definitely spent a lot of time over the last four to five years focusing on those investments to train employees, provide mobility within the company, and give them career options.
Many of our employees are veterans themselves, so they help coach and guide new veterans. Veterans fit very well because they know that we're here, we understand how they think, we understand where they've been. And I do think it provides a very good value proposition, but also an environment for these veterans to come in and expand their careers.
What specific attributes or skills would you say veterans have that are a benefit to ManTech?
They tend to be objective-driven because that's how they've been trained — we call it "mission-focused." And that's how our government customers think: What do I have to achieve? What's the overall timeline? What's the objective? And they fit into that because timelines and outputs really do matter, and that's a natural thing for them.
They're already naturally disciplined to know what to do and what to focus on. Especially in the veteran community or the Department of Defense, if they have an urgent requirement, it's a very compelling thing. It can be a matter of life and death sometimes. So our employees have to understand the importance of that. Veterans bring that to us and allow us to be a trusted partner to the federal government.
What hiring and recruiting challenges have you experienced over the last two years, and what do you predict is coming down the pipeline?
There are two unique things we have to deal with in our sector compared to other sectors of the economy: The first is whether an individual can receive a security clearance. The second is that everyone in the industry is dealing with the COVID mandates from the federal government.
I'd say the security clearance process is something we've been focused on for the last few years. And for the last six months, making sure that we bring our workforce toward getting fully vaccinated is what we've been focused on.
I wouldn't say these items have created a greater challenge in recruiting, but they're additive areas we've focused on in order to get people in. So that means our recruiting effort has to be more focused and attuned to who we can find and how we can attract that talent.
Beyond that, the workforce has learned to be mobile, learned to be remote, and all of us have been able to adapt to that in a fairly flexible way. That can be good in that it provides people with mobility, but at some point, we might lose the human touch, so we're trying to make sure it all works together.
Are there some opportunities at ManTech that can't be done remotely?
I think everyone, not only the employees, but also the decision-makers, learned they can do their jobs at home — maybe not in total, but in part. That changes a lot. So for some of our support staff and customers, I think that will become more of a norm. There will be a hybrid system that's permanent for a lot of the workforce.
That said, for some of our customers, they can't work remotely, because they have to be in a secure facility to work. So it very much depends on the type of work and whether you can do it at home or not because of the type and classification of work.
Can you talk a little more about your vaccine challenges?
We've been very focused on educating people, providing them with a view on why vaccines are important, and recognizing that some people have deep emotional reasons why they wouldn't want to be vaccinated, and a lot of those are religious or health-related.
We have a concierge service that provides the closest areas for employees to get a shot. We track it fairly rapidly, because we want our customers to understand as well as our employees what risks might exist if a subset of employees passionately feel it's not appropriate for whatever reason.
If you look across our industry, the percentage of the workforce to date that have been vaccinated ranges anywhere from 75% to the low 90%. And all of us are trying to work toward this goal of 100% because that's the mandate. But there will be a percentage of the workforce that may have to decide whether they want to work in another industry that doesn't require it.
What kind of challenges or opportunities do you see when it comes to the evolving workforce, especially finding people with the right skills?
The areas we're focused on from an investment standpoint are to retool, educate and improve our workforce around cyber analytics and AI, digital engineering or systems engineering in a digital world; enterprise and mission IT systems, and what we call "tactical edge computing." I think that's fairly unique to defense contracts.
We're also focused on how we help the military operate in the technology-driven environment of the future, whether that's 5G, whether that's remote computing or other things. How do they aggregate into a format and a communications forum that they have to operate in the future?
Those are the areas we invest in because we think they're important to the customers and their future requirements.
You mentioned a partnership with Purdue University. Do you rely on partnerships like that, or have you taken a lot of your upskilling in-house?
It's both. We have Skillsoft that we use to help provide career journeys within our workforce. We have a CTO that develops R & D that people can apply to support. We have an annual tech share event that shows what we've been doing to invest in and where we're headed, and our own ManTech University is award-winning.
We just recently announced a Master of Data Science degree through Purdue University, exclusively for ManTech employees. Many of these higher education folks are able to work with us to create a tailored degree program that meets the customer's specific needs.
We'll get a group in the class that are committed to this type of degree. We'll bring them in and educate them on the cohort, and when they come out, they don't have to be retrained against the customers' needs because we've already gotten approval and certification and accreditation that the degree program meets our customer's needs. We focus on that with a number of universities, but Purdue was an early partner, and we're very proud to have worked with them.
To learn more about veteran recruitment best practices, read Monster's Veteran Hiring Guide, and see the complete list of 2021 Best Employers for Veterans.
How to Create a Veteran-Friendly Company Culture
Corner Office Q&A: Mark Rowe
Corner Office Q&A: Claire Barnes
4 Ways to Translate Veteran Skills Into Your Job Openings
How Staffing Can Compete For Gen Z Workers


HAMMERHEADS FREEZING THEIR BUTTS OFF ON PROTEA BANKS TODAY.
Sea Temp: 20 degrees Celsius bottom, 25 degrees Celsius top.
Southern Pinnacle: On our way down to the reef we had a school of Batfish. On the reef we had lots of reef and gamefish including some Bigeye Kingfish. We also had lots of Redfang Triggers and Tropicals. Mid water we had an Oceanic Blacktip shark and 2 Greater Hammerhead sharks. On our safety stop we were a super cute little needle fish.


Scarf print blouses are perfect for summer and fall.
Although it's still warm out here in L.A, it's starting to get chilly out at night.
I paired my Zara blouse with some coated jeans for a night out to dinner with friends. I have also worn this top with acid washed ripped jeans to make it more fun and casual.
It's a perfect piece to either dress up or down.
I love this look! It's the perfect mixed of casual and dressed up, definitely great to wear for dinner! That top is so pretty, great print!
Really nice outfit and nice pictures honey!
You've given a pretty unique spin to what would otherwise be a classic trend. I'd call it Vintage Chic!
P.s. this is absolutely my favorite time of year, it just starts to cool down, but enough that I can still enjoy warm nights and hot, yet tolerable days.
Hi Lil! Thanks for stopping by my blog and leaving a lovely comment! I am in LA too.. will you be in NYC for IFB/LuckyFABB? I hope you can meet - if not we should plan on getting together when we're both back in LA!
What a gorgeous top, you look stunning!
Thanks for looking at my blog! I'm loving yours! Your style is fabulous! I am now becoming a follower!


Index: The index to the Delayed Birth Certificates is not available at this time.
Index: For an index to the County Court Minutes, 1876-1985, request Reel 1255964. Probates matters in Volume 1 are also indexed in the index to the Probate Minutes.
Notes: (a) Volumes J and 46 contain tax sale deeds. (b) Volume 48 contains certificates of redemption.
Index: Use index to the Probate Minutes to find case numbers.
Index: For an index to the Probate Minutes, 1874-1950, request Reel 1024893. The index designation "DCM 1" refers to Volume A of the District Court Minutes; "CM 1" or "CCM 1" refers to Volume 1 of the County Court Minutes.
Index: For an index to the District Court Minutes, 1873-1952, request Reel 1024899.
Notes: (a) From Volume H this record minutes civil matters only. (b) Volume C is missing and was probably destroyed in an office fire in March 1884.
Index: Use index to the District Court Minutes.
Index: Each volume is individually indexed. The WPA index to naturalization records, 1885-1927, on the same reel does not index this record.
Note: A retake of the 1883 tax roll is on Reel 116904.


This is the story of HMAS Canberra from from the time the ship was commissioned in 1928 to the last terrifying moments when HMAS Canberra's fate was sealed.
Some may know the fate of HMAS Canberra on 9 August 1942 in a war-ravaged Pacific Ocean. World War II was in full force and it was about to overwhelm those onboard the Australian Navy cruiser. But the events that lead to Canberra's demise on that dark night are not so well known – until now. A tribute to the 84 men whose lives were lost, this book tells their stories and those of the men who survived – all share their motivations for joining the Navy and tell what it was like onboard.
If there were questions about the readiness of Australian warships for modern warfare, or about the power of the British Admiralty over Australian Royal Navy Officers, this book has the answers.
What was the role of the American fleet? Was there an international cover-up concerning friendly fire on that night?
Be informed about a significant event in our naval history. Be inspired by the stories of the men who served. But most of all, be prepared to be shocked.


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Q: What's the proper denomination for NA in pyspark dataframes? I guess almost everything is in my question.
I just want to know how to call an NA value, how to write it.
Basically, I want to create a column full of NA in my dataframe. I could do it with NULL values (None in pyspark), see below:
df=df.withColumn("Blabla", lit(None))
But I don't find the equivalent for NA.
Has anyone an idea?
Thanks in advance.

A: You could use float('nan') for that. Working example below, hope this helps!
import pyspark.sql.functions as F
df = spark.createDataFrame([{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 1.0},
                            {'name': 'Bob', 'age': float('nan')}])
df = df.withColumn('more_nans',F.lit(float('nan')))
df.show()

Output:
+---+-----+---------+
|age| name|more_nans|
+---+-----+---------+
|1.0|Alice|      NaN|
|NaN|  Bob|      NaN|
+---+-----+---------+

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New restaurant opening in downtown Evansville
by: Ryan Witry
(WEHT)- A new restaurant is opening in Evansville's Hadi Shrine, where the Red Fez used to be.
Doros Hadjisavva the owner of Evansville's Acropolis restaurant says the new restaurant, the River Walk, will not be a Greek restaurant and the new menu will offer something for everyone.
Deaconess, Vanderburgh County Health Department expanding COVID-19 testing
The restaurant is still in the midst of remodeling but the owner says he hopes it will become another option for downtown workers looking for a quick lunch.
Vanderburgh County Sheriff Dave Wedding reportedly mulling party switch
Hadjisavva says the project has been challenging and reopening had to be pushed back due to a lack of supplies from vendors, adding he hopes to expand the menu after the COVID-19 pandemic. A reopening date has not been set.
(This story was originally published on Sept. 2, 2020)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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PowerBook Through the Years : The 100 Series
© 1991 Macworld
Apple entered the portable computer market in 1989 with the Macintosh Portable. Essentially a Macintosh Plus with an LCD screen, the Portable was an utter failure due to its clunky design, high price, and poor performance. Apple went back to the drawing board and re-entered the market in 1991 with the PowerBook, which set the standard for notebooks in ways that still influence them today. It's biggest contribution to the notebook design was its palm rest with a centered pointing device. If you think about it, almost all laptops still use this design today. Competitors placed the keyboard at the front edge of the case, leaving the user without a place to rest their palms and leaving no convenient location for a pointing device.
Since its introduction, the PowerBook has set the standard for notebook design. In 2006 the PowerBook name was retired and replaced by the Intel-powered MacBook, and with it the PowerBook's influence lives on. This is the first in a series of articles that chronicle and celebrate the major designs of the PowerBook through its retirement in 2006. Apple has always been known for its design and the PowerBook is no exception.
The 100 series of PowerBooks spans nine models and was in production for four years. Their cases are made of gray plastic and have a thick boxy design. All models include a trackball pointing device with a button below as well as above the ball. The second button does not operate as a second mouse button however – Macs were still one button machines at the time. Models include 9 or 10 inch screens in varying mixtures of bit depth (black and white, grayscale, color) and technology (passive-matrix or active-matrix). The screens are surrounded by one or two inch thick bezels, making them look tiny, but at the time they were as large as screens on competing notebooks. All models are driven by either Motorola's 68000 or 68030 series of CPUs and include internal hard drives with between 20 and 16o MB of storage. Most include a floppy drive as well. Battery life is around 2 hours except on the color models which barely make it to 1 hour.
Redefining the Portable – The 100, 140, and 170
The first release of the 100 series consisted of the PowerBook 100 at the low end, the 140 in the middle, and the 170 at the top. All three have 9″ or 10″ black and white displays – the 100 and 140 using slow, less expensive passive-matrix technology, the 170 using fast-refreshing active-matrix. The 100 ($2,500) includes a 16 MHz Motorola 68000 CPU while the 140 ($2,900) and 170 ($4,600) include faster 16 or 25 MHz 68030 CPUs. Only the high-end 170 includes a math coprocessor to speed up floating point calculations for business and scientific applications. Standard RAM is 2 MB (expandable to 8 MB) along with a 20, 40, or 80 MB hard drive and 1.44 MB floppy drive (except on the 100). The 100 looks slightly different than the other 100 series PowerBooks because it was actually designed after the 140 and 170. Apple contracted Sony to miniaturize the technology that was in the Mac Portable (except for the screen) to make a budget notebook. It 's the only model with a slow 68000 CPU, has a smaller, thinner, and lighter case, uses a different kind of battery (lead acid – the kind that's in your car), has a small hard drive (20 MB), and doesn't include a floppy drive or sound input.
Initial reviews of the first set of PowerBooks were favorable. Reviewers were happy to see replacements for the failed Macintosh Portable that were light(er), cheaper, and faster. Main complaints were the lack of color, lack of video out, keyboard size, keyboard feel, and screen refresh rate. These criticisms were not specific to the PowerBook line and were shared by many notebooks at the time. Performance-wise, the top-end PowerBook 170 met or exceeded the performance of similarly configured PC notebooks from AST, Compaq, and Everex with Intel 286 and 386 CPUs. The PowerBook 140, which lacks a math coprocessor, was slower than all of the PC notebooks, while the PowerBook 100 was only faster than the Macintosh Portable at the bottom of the pack. The first PowerBooks were a success for Apple, winning awards from magazines such as Fortune, Time, and Business Week, and selling almost 300,000 units in a span of a few short months.
The Customer is Always Right – The 145, 160, and 180
By 1992 it was time to refresh the PowerBook lineup and Apple did so by releasing three new models – the 145, 160, and 180. The biggest updates were speed bumped CPUs, gray-scale screens, and video output. The 145 ($2,150) replaced the anemic PowerBook 100, sporting a much faster 25 MHz 68030 CPU, 40 MB hard drive, 4 MB RAM, and internal floppy drive. An 80 MB hard drive was available and bumped the price up to $2,500. The 145 was essentially a speed-bumped and price-reduced version of the PowerBook 140 from the prior year and included the same passive-matrix black and white LCD. By dropping the uniquely designed PowerBook 100 Apple standardized the design of the PowerBook series. The 145 was "updated" in June 1993 with the 145b which included 2 extra MB of RAM and a lower price.
The PowerBook 160 ($2,430 – $3,150) replaced the 140 at the mid range, including the same 25 MHz 68030 CPU, a 40, 80, or 120 MB hard drive, 4 MB RAM (expandable to 14 MB), and a screen that can display 16 shades of gray, a first for the PowerBook family. It is still passive-matrix, but the ability to display grayscale makes it far more suitable for graphics and video work than its predecessors. Topping out the line was the 180 ($3,870 – $4,230), which included a powerful 33 MHz 68030 CPU and math coprocessor, an 80 or 160 MB hard drive, 4 MB RAM (also expandable to 14 MB), and a fast active-matrix 16 shade grayscale display. Both the 160 and 180 include a video out port that can display up to 256 colors on an external display as large as 16″ as well as a microphone, both customer requests that were missing on the original models.
The updated PowerBooks were a solid improvement over their predecessors, but they began to show deficiencies in comparison to their PC competition. The PowerBooks did not include color screens, PCMCIA slots, or advanced power management, nor could they compete with Intel's powerful new 486DX CPU. Even the top-end PowerBook 180 couldn't keep up with a 486DX notebook costing $1,000 less. The DX offered performance comparable to the Motorola 68040 used in Apple's Quadra line of desktops, but an '040 CPU would not be available in a PowerBook until 1994. In addition to trailing performance, the PowerBook did not include built-in Ethernet networking and was not designed to be upgradeable.
Color Me Disappointed – The 165c
A PowerBook with a color screen did not appear until 1993 with the release of the PowerBook 165c ($3,400) in February of 1993. Driven by a 33 MHz 68030 CPU, 4 MB of RAM, and 120 MB hard drive, it is the first PowerBook with a color display, but it doesn't come without its compromises. The display is small, 9″ vs 10″ on the other PowerBooks, and uses passive-matrix technology that makes screen redrawing slow and viewing angles sensitive. It's color technology makes it almost impossible to read in daylight, unlike grayscale and black and white displays. It requires two backlights to illuminate (as opposed to one on non-color PowerBooks), which cuts battery life in half – from two hours down to one. All of these compromises to view graphics in only 256 colors. Otherwise than the color screen it is the same machine as the 180 and inherits all of its problems including performance against its competition.
The 165c was not the color PowerBook that Mac users wanted. MacWorld Magazine cited its screen as the largest issue and only rated it 2 out of 5 stars, instead suggesting that potential buyers wait until Apple released an active-matrix version or even consider a DOS notebook.
Color Corrected – The 180c
In June of 1993 Apple finally released a proper color PowerBook, the 180c. Selling for $4,160, the 180c included a high quality active-matrix screen at 10″. The screen was bright, crisp, and fast, making it far more appealing than the screen on the 165c. It also contained more pixels – 640 x 480 vs 640 x 400 on prior PowerBooks – matching the resolution of a desktop monitor for the first time. Otherwise, the 180c was roughly the same as the 180c and 165c. Same features. Same performance. By this point the PowerBook line was trailing even further behind PCs with slower performance, lower battery life, and higher prices. Customers were begging Apple for a new design that would catch the PowerBook up to its PC counterparts.
End of the Line – The 165
A month later Apple released the PowerBook 165, which boasted a 33 MHz 68030 CPU, but was otherwise the same as the 160. It sold for $1,350. That was essentially it for the 100 series. Apple added one model, the budget-minded 150, to the lineup in July of 1994. It replaced the 145 and included a faster 33 MHz 68030, larger 120 or 250 MB hard drive, and better display that could display four shades of gray. It sold for $1,300.
The 100 Series in Summary
The PowerBook 100 series was released at a time when Apple was taking a beating on the performance front in both the desktop and notebook space. PC companies were releasing laptops based on the Intel 486 and later Pentium which were far faster than Motorola's 68030, originally released in 1987. The 68030 CPU running at 16, 25, or 33 MHz was the powerhouse CPU for the majority of the 100 series models. One model include sthe 16 MHz version, three models include the 25 MHz version, and a whopping five models include the top-of-the-line 33 MHz version. In fact, after 33 MHz version was introduced in 1992, all future models included it. The only differentiator for performance between models was the inclusion of a Floating Point Unit in high end models. The PowerBook 100 series used the same basic CPU for almost three years with little to no change in speed or design. This was due to Motorola's inability to manufacture a version of its powerful 68040 CPU (included in the Quadra 700 and 900 series released in 1991) with low enough power consumption and heat dissipation to include in a laptop. When Motorola finally did release a 68040 CPU suitable for laptops, Apple only kept it on the market for a year and a half before replacing them it the PowerPC.
In addition, Apple made mistakes in determining what its users wanted out of a portable Mac. The first PowerBooks did not include video output or microphones and only the bottom-of-the-line PowerBook 100 could be used as an external hard drive. They also shipped with barely enough RAM to run version 7 of the System Software that shipped on them. Later PowerBooks did not include upgradeable video memory to drive larger displays with more colors. The first color PowerBook was disappointing and even the subsequent active-matrix model offered little more than a better screen. Apple also refused to include technologies that would make the PowerBook more competitive with PC notebooks such as longer-lasting Nickle Metal Hydride batteries (which Apple did use in the ultra-light Duo series), PCMCIA expansion card slots, larger displays, and more hard drive and memory options.
The PowerBook 100 series was Apple's chance to right the wrongs it made when it released the Macintosh Portable in 1989. It did in many respects, but it quickly became stale and had trouble keeping up with its PC competition. After three years on the market, Mac users needed something that addressed their needs and put them on a more level playing field with other notebooks. Apple's answer was the PowerBook 500 series.
What About the PowerBook 190?
Apple released the PowerBook 190 in 1995 alongside the PowerBook 5300. I don't consider it a 100 series model because it shares its design with the PowerBook 5300 series instead of the 100 series. The only traits it shares with the 100 series are its name and its Motorola 68k CPU.
In my collection I have a 1991 PowerBook 170. I purchased it in high school for around $100. By that time it was probably 9 or 10 years old, but I found it absolutely awesome. It was faster than my 8 MHz Macintosh Classic and I could take it with me wherever I went. I loaded it up with software used it for writing and drawing, even writing some essays for high school on it. It is the oldest personal machine in my collection and it still works well today. At the time I had it running System 7.5.5 but now it has been resettled back to System 7.1. It has XX MB RAM and an 80 MB hard drive full of classic games and productivity applications. Its one major problem is that the LCD is starting to fail. After about 10 minutes of use the screen begins to darken in certain areas. Within an hour it starts to become too dark to use. A couple of hours of off-time is enough to reset it, but I'm thinking that the issue will only get worse over time. It was extremely versatile when I used it full time and it treated me well.
"Macintosh PowerBooks 100, 140, and 170" – Galen Gruman, MacWorld Magazine, December 1991, pp. 130 – 139
"New Powerbooks. The 145, 160, and 180" – James A. Martin, MacWorld Magazine, December 1992, pp. 200 – 205
"Color PowerBook" – Cary Lu, MacWorld Magazine, April 1993, pp. 120 – 125
"Macintosh PowerBook 165c" – Gene Steinberg, MacWorld Magazine, July 1993, p. 152
"2 New PowerBooks" – Cary Lu, MacWorld Magazine, August 1993, pp. 86 – 91
MacTracker (Software) – Ian Page – http://mactracker.ca/


text:
DOI:10.1063/1.555965
Rate Constants for the Decay and Reactions of the Lowest Electronically Excited Singlet State of Molecular Oxygen in Solution. An Expanded and Revised Compilation
@article{Wilkinson1995RateCF,
title={Rate Constants for the Decay and Reactions of the Lowest Electronically Excited Singlet State of Molecular Oxygen in Solution. An Expanded and Revised Compilation},
author={Francis Wilkinson and W. P. Helman and AlbertaB. Ross},
journal={Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data},
F. Wilkinson, W. Helman, A. Ross
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
An expanded and revised compilation on the reactivity of singlet oxygen, the lowest electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen, 1O2*(1Δg), in fluid solution is presented, which supersedes the publication of Wilkinson and Brummer, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 10, 809 (1981). Rate constants for the chemical reaction and physical deactivation of singlet oxygen available through 1993 have been critically compiled. Solvent deactivation rates (kd) are tabulated for 145 solvents or solvent…
turroserver.chem.columbia.edu
Determination of the rate constant of oxygen quenching of the excited states of molecules from the singlet oxygen luminescence
N. Kruk, A. A. Korotkii
We have pioneered a method of determining the rate constant of quenching of the excited electronic states of molecules by molecular oxygen from measurements of the kinetics of photosensitized…
Electron transfer reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with phenols
Daniel O. Mrtire, M. C. González
The correlation of the reactive component of the bimolecular quenching rate constant, kr, with ΔG for reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with phenols is interpreted in terms of classical and…
Solvent dependence of the steady-state rate of 1O2 generation upon excitation of dissolved oxygen by cw 1267 nm laser radiation in air-saturated solutions: Estimates of the absorbance and molar absorption coefficients of oxygen at the excitation wavelength
A. Krasnovsky, Ya. V. Roumbal, A. Ivanov, R. Ambartzumian
Materials Science, Chemistry
Abstract The rates of oxygenation of the 1 O 2 trap, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran were measured in air-saturated organic solvents and heterogeneous D 2 O-sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersions upon infrared…
Photochemical investigation of the IR absorption bands of molecular oxygen in organic and aqueous environment.
A. Krasnovsky, A. S. Kozlov, Ya. V. Roumbal
Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
It is shown that the weak IR absorption bands corresponding to the forbidden triplet-singlet transitions in oxygen molecules can be reliably studied in air-saturated solvents under ambient conditions using measurements of the photooxygenation rates of singlet oxygen traps upon direct excitation of oxygen molecules by IR diode lasers.
Temperature effects on the solvent-dependent deactivation of singlet oxygen.
R. L. Jensen, J. Arnbjerg, P. Ogilby
Journal of the American Chemical Society
The current study reveals that tau(Delta), in fact, can depend quite significantly on temperature in certain solvents (e.g., D(2)O and benzene-d(6).
Linear free energy relationship analysis of solvent effect on singlet oxygen reactions with mono and disubstituted anthracene derivatives
Rafael Castro-Olivares, G. Günther, A. Zanocco, E. Lemp
Abstract Detection of O2(1Δg) emission, λmax = 1270 nm, following laser excitation and steady-state methods were employed to measure the total reaction rate constant, kT, and the reactive reaction…
Aqueous Reactions of Organic Triplet Excited States with Atmospheric Alkenes
R. Kaur, B. M. Hudson, J. Draper, D. Tantillo, C. Anastasio
Abstract. Triplet excited states of organic matter, a.k.a. triplets, are formed when brown carbon absorbs light. While triplets can be important photooxidants in atmospheric drops and particles…
Influence of the nuclear and extranuclear substitution on the singlet molecular oxygen [O2(1Δg)]-mediated photooxidation of tyrosine derivatives: A kinetic study
S. Criado, A. Soltermann, N. García
The variation of solvent polarity and pH of the reaction medium confirm that the presence of the ionized phenolate group in tyrosine, clearly dominates the quenching process.
Correlation between excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer and singlet-oxygen quenching activities in 1-(acylamino)anthraquinones.
S. Nagaoka, Hikaru Endo, K. Ohara, U. Nagashima
The journal of physical chemistry. B
Intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyanthraquinones found in aloe show a similar positive and linear correlation, which can be understood in the same way as ESIPT.
Dissociative excitation energy transfer in the reactions of protonated cysteine and tryptophan with electronically excited singlet molecular oxygen (a1Δ(g)).
Fangwei Liu, Yigang Fang, Yun Chen, Jianbo Liu
Most trajectories formed intermediate complexes with significant lifetime, implying the importance of complex formation at the early stage of the reaction, implying a complex-mediated mechanism where a long-lived complex is critical for converting the electronic energy of (1)O(2) to the form of internal energy needed to drive complex dissociation.
Free Radicals in Biology
W. Pryor
Photophysics of aromatic molecules
J. Birks


12 pieces of assorted Cupcakes designed to give your love ones a sweet bite for the full moon party celebration.
Available : KL, Selangor and Putrajaya - Same day delivery.
For other states, kindly give notice at least 3 days in advance.


text:
Photo added by Stacinator
John Galen Howard
Chelmsford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA
18 Jul 1931 (aged 67)
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California, USA
Sunset View Cemetery
El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California, USA
Palm 8
American architect from California who is best known as the supervising architect of the Master Plan for the University of California Berkeley campus and as being the founder of their Architecture program. Other well known buildings of his include the Campanile, California Memorial Stadium, Sather Gate and the Hearst Greek Theatre, all located on the UC Berkeley campus. He also designed the Marin Circle, the entrance pillars on The Alameda, stairways, benches and native stone pillars used as street markers in the Northbrae area of Berkeley. He was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1901 and a number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Levi Howard
Lydia Jane Hapgood Howard
Mary Robertson Howard
Sarah Elizabeth Howard
Jennie Lind Howard Willoughby
George Levi Howard
Amasa Howard
Mary Howard Fowler
Robert Boardman Howard
Janette H Howard Wallace
See more Howard memorials in:
Geneanet Community Trees Index
North America, Family Histories, 1500-2000
New York, U.S., Episcopal Diocese of New York Church Records, 1767-1970
Created by: Gardens of Memory841
Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/90771859/john-galen-howard: accessed ), memorial page for John Galen Howard (8 May 1864–18 Jul 1931), Find a Grave Memorial ID 90771859, citing Sunset View Cemetery, El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California, USA; Maintained by Gardens of Memory841 (contributor 575).
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text:
Q: Why Is the .MaxStack Directive Optional in MSIL Code? I am learning assembly language in my spare time.  Can anyone explain why .maxstack appears to be optional in this program.  I have tried to find the answer online and in my book with no such luck i.e. the program will compile and run with .Maxstack commented out:
//Add.il
//Add Two Numbers

.assembly extern mscorlib {}

.assembly Add
{
    .ver 1:0:1:0
}
.module add.exe

.method static void main() cil managed
{
    //.maxstack 2
    .entrypoint

    ldstr "The sum of 50 and 30 is = "
    call void [mscorlib]System.Console::Write (string)

    ldc.i4.s 50
    ldc.i4 30
    add
    call void [mscorlib]System.Console::Write (int32)
    ret
}

I am compiling the program at the command line using the ILASM tool and then running the generated executeable.

A: I think your confusion stems from a misunderstanding of what .maxstack actually does.  It's an easy mistake to make, because it seems like it would cause an error when executing.  Surprisingly, that particular directive actually has nothing do with the with stack size at runtime, instead, it is specifically used during code verification.
From Partition III - Section 1.7.4

Note: Maxstack is related to analysis of the program, not to the size of the stack at runtime. It does not specify the maximum size in bytes of a stack frame, but rather the number of items that must be tracked by an analysis tool.

The code becomes unverifiable.  That same section, notes that any conforming implementation need not support a method with an invalid max stack value.  However, it doesn't say that it must not, and quite clearly, the runtime is executing the code.  So if it seems to have no effect, why even bother having it?
Believe it or not, by default, the .NET framework runs unverifiable code.  It was actually difficult for me to figure out how to enable verification in .NET 4.0, but if you do turn on CAS, your program (with .maxstack 1) will stop running with

Unhandled Exception: System.InvalidProgramException: Common Language Runtime detected an invalid program.
    at main()

Keeping this in mind, unverifiable the code cannot run in any environment that doesn't have full trust (generally assemblies from the internet).  If that's not important to you, you can let it be an invalid value, and it really won't make a difference.  If the code itself is still correct, it will run fine; of course if there is an actually an issue with the IL stack, it will throw an InvalidProgramException.

A: If I recall correctly, the default stack size is 8 if the statement is omitted.


This "I Arted" Canvas Sign is one of 50 FREE projects that you can make with the Cricut Maker!
The Cricut Maker is the newest cutting machine to the Cricut family. I have been using mine for a little over a month now, and am absolutely astounded by everything it can do. I'm currently working on my craft room, and looking for inspiration when I was invited to join fellow Cricut bloggers to feature the 50 FREE projects that can be made with the Maker. As soon as I saw this "I Arted" design, I knew it was meant to be in my craft room.
This design is a Make It Now project found in Design Space titled the "I Arted" Tote Bag. When you click on the project image, you can find step-by-step directions and a product list so you get an idea of what you're going to be working on beforehand. If you want to make the project according to the instructions, just click "Make It Now".
Instead of making a tote bag, I wanted to use the design to create a work of "art" for my craft room. To adjust the design to fit a 12x12 canvas, click "Customize" instead of "Make It Now". Keep the design grouped, and change the size so that the width is 11". You can also adjust the colors of the art supplies image or the text by clicking on the circles of color in the menu on right. This will mainly help you to remember which vinyl you want to use and to get a preview of what your project will look like.
Click "Make It" in the top right corner to get cutting!
Iron-On Vinyl - You can use any color or type you like to fit your style. I used Glitter Iron-On in Gold, and a Foil Iron-On in Royal Blue to match my craft room.
Before cutting, make sure you click on the boxes below each mat so that they will be mirrored! This means the images will flip horizontally so that they will be cut backwards. This is essential for whenever you cut iron-on vinyl. If you don't mirror, your vinyl will end up backwards in your final project.
You will also be directed to choose which type of vinyl you are cutting (foil, glitter, lite, etc) so that the Maker will calibrate to cut it perfectly the first time.
Iron-On Vinyl is made up of two parts: the iron-on vinyl, which will be what is ironed on to your project. One side is the pretty side that you will see on your project. The opposite side is more matte because it has a heat-activated adhesive so that it will stick to whatever you iron it on to. The other part is the liner. The liner is a clear carrier sheet (think transfer paper) that is sticky to hold the design in place and also protects the vinyl from the heat during application.
Place the vinyl you want to use for each cut on the mat face down/liner down. This is why you need to mirror the images before cutting. Load the mat into the machine by pressing the arrow button, and then press the button with the Cricut image to begin cutting the vinyl.
After the vinyl has been cut, it's time to "weed" it! Probably the most tedious part of the entire project, but I'll admit that I actually enjoy doing it. If you're new to the vinyl scene, "weeding" is when you are removing the vinyl from the design that you won't be using. I start at one corner and slowly peel the "background" vinyl away from the art supply images.
I use the Weeder Tool to help remove smaller pieces that need to be removed, such as the insides if letters. Use the sharp end of the hook to help lift out those tiny pieces without disturbing any of the vinyl around it. If you are going to be working with vinyl a lot, this tool is definitely an essential.
Lay the vinyl with the art supplies down on the canvas with the liner on top. Press it down with your hands so that the tacky liner sticks to the canvas to keep the vinyl in place.
To get iron-on vinyl to stick, you need heat. The Cricut EasyPress is a cross between an iron and a heat press. What makes it different than the two is that the EasyPress distributes consistent temperature across its 9" x 9" plate. This compact piece of equipment heats up quickly and is easy to use!
The EasyPress comes with a manual with all of the settings for different iron-on vinyls. Plug the EasyPress in and power it up. Adjust the temperature and timer settings using the buttons. When it has completely heated up, the EasyPress will beep and the Cricut logo will change from red to green.
Lift the EasyPress out of its base and set it down over the vinyl. Press the green Cricut button to start the timer, and add pressure while you hold the EasyPress in place. When the timer goes off, move it over to another section of vinyl. Repeat until the entire vinyl design has been attached to the canvas.
Carefully lift one corner of the liner. If the vinyl isn't completely stuck to the canvas, lay the liner back down and repeat the process with the EasyPress or an iron. If it looks like it's sticking well, keep peeling the liner up slowly until it is completely removed.
Lay down the "I Arted" piece of vinyl and iron it in place. Carefully peel up the liner or re-iron as necessary until the vinyl stays in place.
Now you can hang up your new piece of "art" on a wall or display on an easel. I absolutely love the look of the foil and glitter vinyls together and how they change a little bit with the way the light hits. Plus, the phrase "I arted" is a great excuse for why my craft room looks the way it does!!
Check out the rest of the 49 FREE projects other bloggers have made with their Cricut Makers by clicking on the images below!
Which of the 50 Cricut Maker projects is your favorite?


Arkansas residents should understand how to properly address retirement assets during a divorce.
Couples in Arkansas who must struggle through the challenges of divorce understand how this experience touches every part of a person's life. For families with young children, some of the most angst-filled decisions will be those that relate to the care and custody of their children. For people nearing retirement age, concerns about precious retirement assets may take top priority.
Experts will agree that careful management of retirement assets during a divorce should be a focus for all divorcing couples, not just those in their 50s or later. These funds can represent large, sometimes the largest, portion of a couple's estate. This makes them a critical part of any property division settlement.
The Huffington Post notes that before making the rash decision to keep a family home, consideration should be given to obtaining or keeping a retirement account instead. The former will come with maintenance, tax and potential capital gains costs down the road. The latter will provide a future income stream.
How can retirement accounts be split?
If the decision is made to split a retirement account between the husband and the wife, managing this carefully is important. If the right steps are not taken, Bankrate notes that people can find themselves losing as much as one-tenth of their savings in the form of early withdrawal fees. This happens when tax entities do not understand the distribution to be related to the divorce order and instead believe a person is simply trying to get retirement money early.
Investopedia explains that there are specific process and forms that should be used to call out any transfer of funds from a retirement account as pursuant to a divorce decree. For a 401k or 403b fund, a Qualified Domestic Relations Order will achieve this goal. For any form of Individual Retirement Account, the use of a transfer incident to divorce should occur.
Careful delineation about which spouse should receive what portion of an account also matters in preserving the value of the asset. All settlements should dictate account splits by the percentage to be received. For example, a division should identify 70 percent to a wife and 30 percent to a husband or 50 percent to both spouses. Such percentages will be maintained even during market fluctuations.
Anytime that divorce is an option, couples in Arkansas should seek legal assistance. There are many nuances to the laws that can make a big difference in losing or keeping valuable assets.


How do you fancy getting stuck into a 3 reel Classic slot on which you can win yourself a bonus game by simply playing the base game, well if so then this Sizzling Scorpions slot game is going to be one game you will enjoy playing.
Make sure you play three coins per spin if you do play this slot, as that is the only way that you are able to trigger its very unique bonus game.
Certified Payout Percentage – Due to this game having a bonus game then to be able to achieve the additional winning payouts that it can deliver and to get the best return to player payout percentage you need to put all three coins into play on each spin.
Stake Levels – The Sizzling Scorpions slot game is another of the bonus game awarding 3 reels, one payline slot machines which comes with fixed coin values. The coin values are all fixed at 0.50 and by playing the maximum three coins then a bonus game can be awarded as described below.
Jackpot Payout – The Scorpion symbol is the jackpot symbol on this Microgaming powered Classic slot game and when you play three coins per spin you can win a jackpot worth some 5000 coins. However if you play just one or two coins per spin the jackpot is 1000 coins and 2000 coins respectively.
Standard Reel Symbols – There is a Sun symbol, three sets of bar symbols and both a Green 7 symbols and a Scorpion symbol in play on all of the reels of this slot game.
Scatter and Bonus Symbols – On reel number three of this slot game is a Buzzard symbol this is the bonus symbol. There are no additional scatter type symbols to be found on any of its reels.
Wild Symbols – You are not going to find any wild symbols in play on the Sizzling Scorpions slot game reels, however it does come with the bonus game reviewed below so you will get an additional way to win when playing it online in addition to the standard game.
Free Spins – No free spins are awarded on this or any of Microgaming's 3 reel slots, you need to visit our video slot reviews for details of their many slot games that do offer such a bonus game.
Bonus Game – If you put into play 3 coins on each spin you make of this Sizzling Scorpions slot game and then gets the Buzzard symbol dropping in on the win line of the third reel then you will trigger the bonus game.
A bonus screen will load and on it will be three scorpions, simply pick one and then watch them race, depending on where your chosen scorpion finishes in the race its final race position will be used to determine your winning bonus game award.


text:
Home » Amorphous materials » News » Conductive polymers take a stride forward
Conductive polymers take a stride forward
Conductive polymers are plastic materials with high electrical conductivity that promise to revolutionize a wide range of products including TV displays, solar cells, and biomedical sensors. A team of McGill University researchers have now reported [Cosa et al., PNAS (2010), doi:10.1073/pnas.1008068107] how to visualize and study the process of energy transport along one single conductive polymer molecule at a time, a key step towards bringing these exciting new applications to market. "We may easily study energy transport in a cable as thick as a hair, but imagine studying this process in a single polymer molecule, whose thickness is one-millionth of that!" said Dr. Gonzalo Cosa of McGill's Department of Chemistry, lead researcher.
The team used state-of-the-art optical and electron microscopes and were able to entrap the polymer molecules into vesicles.
"This research is novel because we are able to look at energy transport in individual polymer molecules rather than obtaining measurements arising from a collection of billions of them. It's like looking at the characteristics of a single person rather than having to rely on census data for the entire world population," Cosa explains. Conductive polymers are long organic molecules typically referred to as nanowires. Components along the polymer backbone successfully pass energy between each other when the polymer is collapsed (coiled within itself), but the process is slowed down when the polymer backbone is extended. A greater understanding of how this process works will enable us to develop a range of technologies in the future."
The studies are critical to applications in daily life such as sensors involving the detection and the differentiation of cells, pathogens, and toxins. They may also help in the future to develop hybrid organic-inorganic light harvesting materials for solar cells.
Laurie Donaldson
Pencils and paint produce a cheap thermoelectric device
Researchers have shown that films of pencil graphite and a conductive co-polymer paint can produce a novel, cheap thermoelectric device.
Highly conductive and stretchy circuits made possible
New hybrid conductive material, part elastic polymer and part liquid metal, which can be bent and stretched easily.
18 June 2018Laurie Donaldson
Conducting COF combines best of batteries and supercapacitors
By combining a covalent organic framework with a conducting polymer, scientists have produced an efficient electrode material for batteries.


text:
Kovalyovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

Geography
Kovalyovo is located 26 km north of Kaduy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mitenskaya is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Kaduysky District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: What is something substantial a high-schooler do outside of school in mathematics? What subjects could he go into? I'll be a sophomore in high school (U.S.) next year. So far, I've taken a few classes in math at school, I'll be taking Precalculus and College Algebra this upcoming year, and I might self-study and take the AP Calc AB/BC tests before I take the classes (so I can go ahead and take a couple of classes my junior year at the local university).
I've always had an interest in math and math-heavy subjects, but it's really only now that I'm really beginning to take those interests seriously. I want to get into a really good college, and those colleges apparently want to see that you have a passion in which you've done a good amount. I have pretty good grades overall and do a number of extracurriculars, and I think I want math to be what I excel in.
The question is, what is something substantial I can do? I know that math research is pretty much out of the question because of what I've seen and heard from undergraduates and graduates. I really don't want to take the AMC and get into math olympiad stuff (though if I need to, I can). Would something like the Intel Science Fair be viable?
What subjects could I go into to and do something? Is something like number theory, which doesn't require much outside of regular high school math to get started, a good idea? Is there something that's slightly outside of mathematics that I can get into (like cryptography)?
Any suggestions would be really helpful.

A: You can get it to proofs, elementary number theory, and maybe some abstract algebra. Check out How to Prove It: A Structured Approach and then you could probably get through Elements of Number Theory by John Stillwell and Elements of Algebra: Geometry, Numbers, Equations by John Stillwell. The last two books are a pair and will introduce you to some topics in abstract algebra and elementary number theory. (This is all assuming you know at least algebra 2) If you can do that then after ap calculus you might even be able to go read a real analysis text like baby rudin but one step at a time.


A psychedelic band from Australia, the morning after girls sound like a '60s band and play the kind of lysergic music that's made Brian Jonestown Massacre popular. The group toured the States last year and has released Alone in North America, a short documentary capturing many of the live performances from that tour. If you look closely, you'll see the band playing at Now That's Class, where one of guys confesses to the camera, "You ready to rock, Cleveland, Ohio? Because I'm not." The band's publicist describes the movie as a "'beat poet' version of a tour doc." The film just premiered at CBGB's Film and Music Festival and is slated for digital release via iTunes. You can watch the trailer here.


I can't find Corsair Vengeance 8 GB Kit PC3-12800, 1600MHz, 2x240 DIMM 8 GB Kit(2x4096 MB) on the asrock z68 pro3 memory support list. Is it just not updated or really cant support it and why? I am looking for some 2x4gb 1.5V (was suggested to be such one) kit from this online store Verkkokauppa.com but can't seem to find any. Is it really cruicial to be 1.5V or 1.65 won't hurt the system given that it is in the memory support list (Kingston HyperX KHX1600C9D3X2K2/4GX 8 GB (2x4 GB) 1600 MHz DDR3 CL9 1.65V)? oops, just noticed that even this ram is not supported... Can you give me a hand with this, please?


text:
Bird Songs, 250 North American Birds in Song
Vendor: Becker & Mayer Books
In Bird Songs, ornithologist Les Beletsky profiles 250 birds alongside colorful illustrations, and includes a digital audio player that provides the corresponding song for each of the 250 birds.
Drawing from the collection of the world-renowned Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Bird Songs presents the most notable North American birds—including the rediscovered ivory-billed woodpecker—in a stunning format.
Renowned ornithologist Les Beletsky provides a succinct description of each of the 250 birds profiled, with an emphasis on their distinctive songs. Lavish full-color illustrations accompany each account, while a sleek, built-in digital audio player holds 250 corresponding songs and calls. In his foreword, North American bird expert and distinguished natural historian Jon L. Dunn shares insights gained from a lifetime of passionate study.
Complete with the most up-to-date and scientifically accurate information, Bird Songs is the first book to capture the enchantment of these beautiful birds in words, pictures, and song.
Les Beletsky is a professional bird biologist and natural history expert. Prior to taking up nature writing, he conducted twenty years of behavioral research on birds, concentrating on bird vocalizations and breeding behavior. He has written or co-written more than thirty-five papers and two books on birds, one of which won an award from The Wildlife Society as "outstanding wildlife ecology book of the year." An avid visitor of bird-watching and wildlife locations across the globe, he has made multiple trips to the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Detecting a need for comprehensive, single-volume guides for travelers interested in wildlife, he created and edited the Ecotravellers' Wildlife Guide series (currently published as the Travellers' Wildlife Guides by Interlink Books). He has written or co-written ten of these wildlife travel guides, which illustrate and describe in detail all the kinds of wildlife, birds in particular, that a traveler to a particular state or country might encounter.


The "Esc" key is by far my favorite key to make pieces with. I found it to be a humorous reminder to the wearer to "take a break" whenever they needed to "escape" reality. These unique earrings are hand fabricated using actual esc keys from the Apple's Macbook keyboard. The computer key acts as a stone where I rely on burnishing the silver bezel around the key to help it stay in place.
Earrings are polished, artist's initials on back. Studs are a great conversation starter.


text:
Methodist Theological School in Ohio
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Go To: More Websites & Databases box in this guide for electronic resources.
The Ohio Private Academic Libraries (OPAL) serves 25 colleges in Ohio, one of which is MTSO.
OPAL's Frequently Asked Questions page can answer many of your questions regarding use of the OPAL catalog.
Access the MTSO Library Catalog (the OPAL Catalog)
Start your search with the Dickhaut Library collection.
To broaden your search, select All OPAL Libraries from the dropdown menu.
Research further by accessing the OhioLINK (Other Academic Libraries in Ohio) and SearchOhio (Public Libraries in Ohio) catalogs.
Select and request materials. The barcode on the back of your student ID is your library card #.
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Highly recommended websites and databases for all MTSO programs.
(Access to selected library resources for a specific MTSO program located via the tabs above)
Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) Data on American religion.
Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD) took great pains to create and project a powerful image of himself beyond the churches and towns where he wrote and taught in Roman north Africa.
Barna Research
Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion
Bible and Interpretation Most current news and interpretations on the Bible.
Center for Barth Studies Information, resources, events, and programs related to the life and work of the Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth (1886-1968).
Christian Classics Etheral Library Digital library of hundreds of classic Christian books selected for edification and education.
Church in the Southern Black Community Autobiographies, biographies, church documents, sermons, histories, encyclopedias, and other published materials.
Divining America: Religion in American History For teachers of American history regarding the role religion has played in the development of the United States.
ETANA : Electronic Tools and Ancient Near Eastern Archives The history and culture of the ancient Near East.
Faith Communities Today
Gnostic Society Library Gnostic tradition as well as a selection of in-depth audio lectures and brief archive notes designed to orient study of the documents, their sources, and the religious tradition they represent.
Hartford Institute for the Study of Religion Summaries of current religion research by Hartford Institute for Religion Research faculty as well as the research done by other sociologists of religion.
Historic Recordings of MTSO Faculty A class hears about a courageous and historic trip four of their faculty members made to Jackson, Mississippi to integrate a White Methodist church on Easter morning, 1964. Everett Tilson delivers his final sermon prior to retirement. Van Bogard Dunn lectures on Romans, Mark, and Revelation.
Index Verborum: Martin Luther's German Writings Reference guide that accesses over 323 German writings of Martin Luther, from the critical historical period of 1516 through 1525.
Insights into Religion: A Gateway to Resources and Information Websites on religious research,reflection, observations, practice commentary, vocations, education, and strategies for leadership development.
Jewish Roman World of Jesus Website dedicated to the writings of Dr. James Tabor.
National Congregations Study
New Testament Gateway The New Testament Gateway focuses on resources that will be of interest to both scholars and students of the New Testament.
Orion Center - Dead Sea Scrolls Provides many resources for the study of the Scrolls, as well as information about the Center's activities and programs.
Paul Page The Paul Page was founded in 1999 by Mark M. Mattison. A comprehensive one-stop resource on the new perspective on Paul.
Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. We conduct public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other data-driven social science research. We do not take policy positions.
Pew Research Religion and Public Life Project
Pitts Theology Library Digital Image Archive The Digital Image Archive presents more than 48,000 images of biblical topics.
Public Religion Research Institute
Religious Studies Web Guide (University of Calgary) Focuses on open access resources (bibliographies/indexes, library and archive catalogs, dictionaries/encyclopedias, e-texts and journals) supporting the academic study of religion.
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Social Justice Solutions "Social Justice Solutions is a social worker conceived and operated organization born out of the Stony Brook School of Social Welfare's commitment to active participation in creating a socially just world."
Synoptic Gospels Primer History of literary analysis of gospels that were originally composed in Greek.
UM Data The United Methodist Church online Directory and Statistics. Contains information regarding churches, pastors, leadership, conferences or other entities. Statistical information and general Church data can be found by selecting Search or Download above.
US Political Stats Bringing together valued content from sources like CQ Roll Call and CQ Press, users will discover a wealth of information on election returns, congressional floor votes, Supreme Court decisions, plus presidential performance and economic indicators, as well as diverse demographics.
Wabash Center The Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion seeks to enhance and strengthen education in North American theological schools, colleges and universities.
Wesley Center Online A collection of historical and scholarly resources about the Wesleyan Tradition, theology, Christianity, and the Church of the Nazarene.
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APA PsychINFO This link opens in a new window Produced by the American Psychological Association. Contains indexes and abstracts the professional and academic literature of psychology and related disciplines.
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Архимед () е древногръцки математик, астроном, физик и инженер. Въпреки че не са известни много факти и подробности, свързани с неговия живот, той е смятан за един от водещите учени на класическия период на Античността. Сред неговите приноси в областта на физиката са основните принципи на хидростатиката, статиката и обяснението на принципа на работа на лоста. На Архимед се приписва и създаването, както на действителни механизми като винтова помпа, която носи неговото име, така и на устройства със съмнително съществуване, като машини, които могат да вадят от водата бойни кораби или да ги подпалват с помощта на огледала.

Обикновено се приема, че Архимед е най-големият математик на Античността и един от най-значимите за всички времена. Той прилага метода на изчерпването за изчисляването на площта, затворена от парабола и нейна хорда, като използва безкрайни числови редове и успява да изчисли със забележителна точност приблизителната стойност на числото π, наричано понякога Архимедова константа. Архимед описва също носещата неговото име Архимедова спирала, извежда формули за обема на ротационни повърхнини и създава оригинална система за изразяване на много големи числа.

Архимед умира по време на обсадата на Сиракуза, когато е убит от римски войник. По-късно Цицерон описва посещението си на неговия гроб, върху който е поставена сфера, вписана в цилиндър. Архимед доказва, че сферата има две трети от обема и площта на околната повърхност на описания цилиндър и смята това за своето най-голямо математическо постижение.

За разлика от неговите технически изобретения, математическите трудове на Архимед са слабо известни през Античността. Математиците от Александрия ги четат и цитират, но първата обхватна компилация е съставена едва около 530 година от Исидор от Милет, а коментарите на неговите работи от Евтокий по същото време за пръв път ги правят достояние на по-широка публика.

Относително малкото запазени писмени работи на Архимед, които успяват да оцелеят по време на Средновековието, след това стават изключително важно вдъхновение за инженерите от времето на Ренесанса, а откриването през 1906 година на неизвестни дотогава трудове на Архимед в Архимедовия палимпсест разширява представите за това, как той достига до своите математически изводи.

Биография
Архимед е роден около 287 година пр.н.е. в пристанищния град Сиракуза в Сицилия, по това време независим полис, един от най-влиятелните в Магна Греция. Датата на раждането му се извежда от твърдението на Йоан Цецес, византийския историк от 12 век, според което Архимед умира на 75 години. В своя трактат "Псамит" самият Архимед казва, че името на баща му е Фидий, астроном, за когото не е известно нищо повече. В "Успоредни животописи" римският писател от 1 век Плутарх твърди, че Архимед е родственик на владетеля на Сиракуза Хиерон II.

Най-ранната биография на Архимед е написана от неговия приятел Хераклеид, но този текст е изгубен, оставяйки неизвестни повечето подробности от живота на Архимед. Не се знае, например, дали той се е женил и дали има деца. Възможно е в младостта си Архимед да е учил в египетския град Александрия, където по това време работят Конон Самоски и Ератостен. Той споменава Конон като свой приятел, а две негови работи съдържат въведения, обръщащи се към Ератостен.

Архимед умира около 212 година пр.н.е., по време на Втората пуническа война, когато римските войски на Марк Клавдий Марцел превземат Сиракуза след двугодишна обсада. Според известната история, разказана от Плутарх, при превземането на града Архимед обмислял някаква математическа схема. Римски войник му наредил да се яви пред Марцел, но той отказал, заявявайки, че първо трябва да приключи със задачата си. Войникът се разгневил и убил Архимед с меча си. Плутарх описва и друга версия за смъртта му – според нея той пренасял различни математически инструменти и е убит, тъй като някой войник ги взел за ценни вещи. Според разказите Марцел бил разгневен от смъртта на Архимед, тъй като го смятал за потенциално полезен с научните си познания, и дори бил наредил той да не бъде закачан.

Последните думи, приписвани на Архимед, са "Не ми разваляйте кръговете" (), изглежда във връзка със споменатата схема, върху която работел. Тази фраза често се цитира в латинския си вариант (Noli turbare circulos meos), но тя не се споменава в разказа на Плутарх, нито в други надеждни източници.

Гробът на Архимед е със скулптура, изобразяваща неговото любимо доказателство – състои се от сфера и описан около нея цилиндър като височината на цилиндъра е равна на диаметъра на сферата. Архимед доказва, че обемът и повърхността на сферата са 2/3 от тези на цилиндъра. 137 години след неговата смърт римският оратор Цицерон е квестор на Сицилия. Той дълго търси гроба на Архимед, но никой от местните жители не може да му посочи къде се намира. Най-накрая той го открива около една от вратите на града, целият обрасъл в храсти и заповядва неговото изчистване, което му позволява да успее да прочете надписите върху него.

Биографията на Архимед е написана много след неговата смърт, от римските историци. Най-ранната е около 70 години след смъртта му и служи за основа на писанията на Плутарх и други биографи, но в нея се описват предимно построените от него машини, използвани по време на война и много малко за Архимед като личност и човек.

Открития и изобретения

Закон на Архимед и златната корона

Най-известният анекдот за Архимед разказва как той изобретява метод за определяне на обема на предмет с неправилна форма. Според живелия два века по-късно Витрувий, Хиерон II поръчал златна корона за дарение на някакъв храм и Архимед трябвало да определи дали златарят не е подменил част от материала със сребро. Той трябва да изпълни задачата без да повреди короната, поради което не може да я претопи в проста форма, за да изчисли нейната плътност.

Докато се къпе, Архимед забелязва, че нивото на водата в съда се повишава, когато той влиза в него, и разбира, че този ефект може да се използва за определяне на обема на короната. От гледна точка на този експеримент водата е с практически постоянен обем, така че короната би изместила количество вода с нейния собствен обем. Разделяйки масата на короната на обема на изместената вода се получава нейната плътност. Тази плътност би била по-ниска от тази на златото, ако към него са добавени по-евтини и по-леки метали. Разбирайки това, Архимед побягва по улицата гол, толкова развълнуван от откритието си, че забравил да се облече, викайки "Еврика!" (, "открих го"). Опитът е проведен успешно и доказва, че в короната наистина е добавено сребро.

Разказът за златната корона не присъства в никой от известните трудове на Архимед. Освен това практическата приложимост на описания метод е съмнителна, поради необходимостта от изключителна точност при измерването на промените в нивото на водата. По-вероятно е Архимед да е използвал принципа, известен в хидростатиката като Закон на Архимед и описан в неговия трактат "За плаващите тела". Според него тяло, потопено в течност, е подложено на плавателна сила, равна на теглото на изместената от него течност.

С помощта на този принцип е възможно да се сравни плътността на златната корона с тази на плътното злато, като короната се уравновеси на везни със златен образец, след което цялата система се потопи във вода. Ако короната е с по-ниска плътност от златото, тя ще измести повече вода, поради по-големия си обем, и така ще е подложена на по-голяма плавателна сила от златния образец. Тази разлика в плаваемостта би наклонила везните по посока на по-плътния предмет. Галилео Галилей смята, че е "възможно този метод да е същият, който използва Архимед, тъй като, освен че е много точен, той се основава на демонстрации, открити от самия Архимед".

Архимедов винт

Много от приносите на Архимед в техниката произтичат от стремежа му да задоволи нуждите на неговия роден град Сиракуза. Египетският писател от 2 век Атеней описва как Хиерон II възлага на Архимед проектирането на огромен кораб, "Сиракузия", който да бъде използван за луксозни пътувания, превоз на стоки и като боен кораб. Според някои изследователи "Сиракузия" е най-големият кораб, строен през Античността. Според Атеней той може да превозва 600 души и включва градини, гимназион и храм на богинята Афродита. Тъй като кораб с такива размери пропуска през корпуса си значително количество вода, за нейното отстраняване се използва като помпа архимедов винт. Архимед разработва това устройство като винтообразна повърхнина, поставена във вътрешността на цилиндър. То се върти ръчно и може да се използва също за издигане на вода от ниско разположен водоем към по-високи напоителни канали.

Архимедовият винт се използва и в наши дни за изпомпване на течности и насипни материали, като въглища или зърно. Вариантът, описан през Римската епоха от Витрувий, може би е подобрение на по-ранни винтови помпи, използвани за напояването на Висящите градини на Вавилон. Първият морски параход с винтово витло е пуснат на вода през 1839 година и е наречен "Архимед" в чест на древногръцкия учен и неговия принос в използването на винтовете.

Архимедова лапа

Архимедовата лапа е оръжие, което според разказите е използвано при защитата на Сиракуза от вражески кораби. Тя изглежда представлява съоръжение, подобно на кранова стрела, на която е окачена голяма метална кука. При пускане на лапата върху вражески кораб, стрелата се издига и издига кораба над водата, като при падането си обратно той претърпява повреди и е възможно да потъне. В наши дни са правени експерименти, за да се провери възможността за изграждане на Архимедова лапа. През 2005 година документалната телевизионна поредица "Свръхоръжия на Древния свят" ("Superweapons of the Ancient World") създава вариант на лапата и стига до заключението, че нейното ефективно функциониране е възможно.

Архимедов топлинен лъч

Писателят от 2 век Лукиан от Самосата пише, че по време на обсадата на Сиракуза Архимед разрушава вражески кораби с огън. През 6 век Антимий от Трал нарича оръжието на Архимед "изгарящи стъкла". Устройството, наричано също Архимедов топлинен лъч, е служело за фокусиране на слънчева светлина върху приближаващите кораби, като по този начин ги запалва.

Това предполагаемо оръжие още през Ренесанса се превръща в предмет на спорове около неговото реално съществуване. Рене Декарт го отхвърля като невъзможно, а съвременни изследователи се опитват да пресъздадат описаните ефекти, като използват само средствата, налични по времето на Архимед. Съществуват предположения, че голям брой добре полирани бронзови или медни щитове, действащи като огледала, биха могли да бъдат използвани за фокусиране на слънчева светлина върху кораб, като използват принципа на параболичното огледало, както в слънчевата пещ.

През 1973 година гръцкият учен Йоанис Сакас прави експеримент с Архимедовия топлинен лъч във военноморската база в Скарамагас. Той използва 70 огледала с медно покритие и размер 1,5 на 1 m. Те са насочени към шперплатов макет на римски боен кораб, разположен на разстояние около 50 m. При точно фокусиране на огледалата корабът се запалва за няколко секунди. Той е покрит с катранена боя, която вероятно подпомага запалването.

През октомври 2005 година група студенти от Масачузетския технологичен институт провежда експеримент със 127 квадратни огледала с размер 30 на 30 cm, фокусирани върху дървен макет на кораб на разстояние около 30 m. Върху част от кораба се появяват пламъци, но при безоблачно небе и след като корабът остава неподвижен около 10 минути.

Същата група повтаря експеримента за телевизионното предаване "Ловци на митове" ("MythBusters"), като използва за цел дървена рибарска лодка в Сан Франциско. Отново се стига до известно овъгляване и ограничено запалване. "Ловци на митове" определят опита като неуспешен, заради продължителното време и идеалните метеорологични условия, необходими за запалването. Също така е посочено, че тъй като Сиракуза е обърната към морето на изток, римският флот трябва да напада сутринта за оптимално фокусиране на светлината. В същото време обикновени оръжия, като горящи стрели или изстрелвани с катапулт снаряди, биха могли много по-лесно да подпалят кораб на подобно малко разстояние.

През декември 2010 година "Ловци на митове" се връщат към топлинния лъч в специално издание с участието на американския президент Барак Обама. Проведени са няколко опита, включително експеримент в голям мащаб, в който 500 ученици насочват огледала към макет на римски кораб, разположен на разстояние 120 m. При всички опити корабът не успява да достигне температура от 210 °C. За да се стигне до истинско горене, дървото трябва да достигне до своята температура на самозапалване – около 300 °C.

Други открития и изобретения
Въпреки че Архимед не е изобретател на лоста, той дава обяснение на неговия принцип на работа в своя трактат "За равновесието на равнините". По-ранни описания на лоста се срещат при перипатетиците, като понякога се приписват на Архит. Според Пап Александрийски изследванията на Архимед върху лостовете му дават основание да заяви: "Дайте ми място, на което да застана, и ще преместя Земята" (). Плутарх разказва, как Архимед създава полиспасти, с които моряците използват принципа на лоста, за да повдигат тежки предмети. На Архимед се приписват също подобрения в мощността и точността на катапултите, както и изобретяването на прост одометър, пускащ в съд по едно топче при изминаването на определено разстояние.

Цицерон споменава Архимед в своя диалог "Res publica", където описва измислен разговор, проведен през 129 г. пр.н.е. След превземането на Сиракуза римският командващ Марк Клавдий Мрацел пренася в Рим две астрономически устройства, които показват движението на Слънцето, Луната и петте известни по това време планети. Цицерон отбелязва, че подобни устройства са изработвани също от Талес от Милет и Евдокс от Книд. Според диалога, Марцел запазва едно от двете устройства като единствената си плячка от Сиракуза, а другото дарява на Храма на добродетелта в Рим. Устройството на Марцел е демонстрирано от Гай Сулпиций Гал и Луций Фурий Фил:

Това е описание на планетариум. Пап Александрийски твърди, че Архимед е автор на изгубен днес ръкопис за конструирането на такива механизми, озаглавен за "За правенето на сфери". Съвременните изследвания в тази област са фокусирани върху Антикитерския механизъм, друго антично устройство, което вероятно е използвано със същата цел. Конструирането на подобни устройства изисква добро познаване на диференциалните предавки. В миналото се е смятало, че в античната техника те са непознати, но откриването на Антикитерския механизъм през 1902 година показва, че това не е така.

Приноси в математиката
Някои историци на математиката смятат Архимед за един от най-големите математици в историята наред с Нютон, Гаус и Ойлер. Неговите приноси са в геометрията, механиката и дори е считан за един от пионерите на математическия анализ. Системно прилага математиката в естествознанието и в техническите си открития и изобретения. До нас научните му приноси достигат в писмен вид най-вече благодарение на Ератостен, Конон и Досифей.

 Намира едно добро приближение на числото π (223/71 < π < 22/7, ≈3,1428);
 Изчислява повърхността на параболичен сегмент и обемите на различни математически тела;
 Изследва множество криви и спирали, една от които носи неговото име: архимедова спирала;
 Дава определението за полуправилни многостени, наричани архимедови тела;
 Дава доказателство за неограничеността (отгоре) на редицата на естествените числа (още известно като аксиома на Архимед).

Вижте също
 Преброителят на пясък

Бележки

Външни препратки

  J J O'Connor and E F Robertson, Подробна биография на Архимед на сайта на Университета Сейнт Андрюс
  Eric W. Weisstein, Кратка биография на Архимед на сайта Wolfram Research
 Аксиомата на Архимед на сайта на Система Mathematica
 Архимедова спирала на сайта на Система Mathematica
 The Archimedes' orrery
 Antikythera mechanism (Italian and English versions)


We had a week of rain and the garden is going insane, which is just how I love it the most.
Saturday I did some work on the bees (Hive A needed to be reduced in size and given some resources, while Hive B needed to calm the hell down and stop growing so much), then Noel mowed the knee-deep lawn. And now we have this lovely scene, where the Mme Alfred Carriere rose is going kind of quietly nuts over in the corner. This is a much better place for this rose than where I had her for years, looming over the pathway.
Over the other part of the lawn, the Cecile Brunner rose is lovely as well, 12 feet tall and a little ridiculous, but also amazing.
The whole back yard smells lovely right now, because the citrus trees are in bloom. Citrus trees plus bees means citrus honey, yes, but it also means seedy citrus. These are the small prices we pay for the things we love.
And fruit season is getting started. The cherries have little cherry babies on them.
And I believe we will be getting some apricots this year. With no Goldie to climb the tree and eat them all I think we have a pretty good chance at fruit.
And the little pluot out front, for which I believed I had no pollinator, has fruit all over it as well. It also has peach leaf curl, which is super-irritating. I am sooo this close to just cutting down the nectarines over this, and now with the pluot? Really.
This time of year is the time for potential. The roses are getting ready to go.
Out in the middle of the front garden is are a couple volunteer snapdragons. We have finally gotten to the point in the garden where there are lots of volunteers, and all we have to do is weed out the ones we don't want.
For example, sweet peas just seem to be coming up in all kinds of random places. I haven't planted them in ages but I guess enough seeds got around that they can just keep coming. I suppose it helps that I never weed them out, even when they are in an awkward place.
And this. I call it the beach weed, because I picked up a seed pod from a plant on the beach at Cayucos, and because I see it all the time along beaches and waterfronts. I have no idea what it is called though I recall once finding the name on the web. For obvious reasons, searching for "beach weed california" doesn't help much.
ETA: Thanks to Wendy, I now know this is Raphanus raphanistrum, wild radish.
Beach weed comes in a variety of colours, but my favourite is this yellow/mauve combination.
Oh! And a couple of years ago I planted a few clematis around to add vertical colour, and they are finally getting of reasonable size.
This was the first flower of the season from them, and it's fading a little now, but the vine is making great strides.
The one at the base of the magnolia is bigger, with opening blossoms as well. It's in both a deeper and more fertile soil, so that probably helps.
Though for some reason it sent a shoot under some things and produced these three flowers completely in the dark. I saw them one morning while walking around the yard and pulled them free, but this is one plant that needs some training.
Hey, the Allium schubertii are blooming. They definitely add some drama to the swath bed.
Off in the back garden, this has not been a great year for ranunculus. I'm not sure why, but the older plants never came up (or maybe just haven't come up yet?) and the newer ones are smallish. But still pretty.
There's one bed in the garden that appears to be the Hot Pink bed, with those ranunculus and this Lampranthus 'Hot Flash'. Hot Flash is right, the thing fairly glows (until the sun sets, when it closes its flowers for the night).
Also out back I have this Graptopetalum paraguayense 'Pinky', which I have growing in a strawberry pot. It has definitely outgrown the container, but I'm not sure I want much more of it. It's a lovely plant, but I think it would tend to take over if given free reign. Until recently it has been sitting in a wheelbarrow to make it easier to move around for mowing, and I liked having it up high. I think I need to get it some kind of pedestal.
And finally, a look at the front walk. It's kind of amazing to me how close the current actual front walk is to the photoshopped version of it I used to plan the garden (which plan I almost immediately ignored).
It looks like beach weed might be wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). What do you think?
That is it! The seed pods confirmed it for me. Thanks!
Those are gorgeous roses. I wish I cared as much about the overall look of my place. You know, new Labrador might be an apricot addict also. . . I'm hoping the bees fly back here to pollinate at least. We're seeing plums and apricot babies all over, and promises of apples to come. . . What do you do for leaf curl?
Normally for peach leaf curl I'd spray my precious hoard of copper sulfate on it, but this tree is out front by the storm drain, so no go (copper sulfate is bad for the bay). I guess I have to start reading up on the new treatments.