STEM Publishing: C. H. Mackintosh: "God for us."
What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us? Rom. 8:31.
How much is wrapped up in these few words, "God for us!" They form one of those marvellous chains of three links so frequently found in scripture. We have "God" linked on to "us" by that precious little word "for." This secures everything, for time and eternity. There is not a single thing within the entire range of a creature's necessities that is not included in the brief but comprehensive sentence which forms the heading of this paper. If God be for us, then it follows, of necessity — blessed necessity — that neither our sins, nor our iniquities, nor our guilt, nor our ruined nature, nor Satan, nor the world, nor any other creature can possibly stand in the way of our present peace and our everlasting felicity and glory. God can dispose of all — has disposed of them, in such a way as to illustrate His own glory, and magnify His holy Name, throughout the wide universe, for ever and ever. All praise and adoration be to the Eternal Trinity!
It may, however, be that the reader feels disposed, at the very outset, to inquire how he is to know his place amongst the "us," of our precious thesis. This truly, is a most momentous question. Our eternal weal or woe hangs upon the answer. How, then, are we to know that God is for us? In reply to this most weighty question, we shall seek, by God's grace, to furnish the reader with five substantial proofs that God is for us, in all our need, our guilt, our misery, and our danger — for us, spite of all that we are, and all that we have done — for us, although there is no reason whatever, so far as we are concerned, why He should be for us, but every reason why He should be against us.
Now, we are glad, for various reasons, to commence our series of proofs with these memorable words. In the first place, they meet a difficulty which may suggest itself to the mind of an anxious reader — a difficulty based upon the fact that the sentence culled from Romans 8:31 evidently applies, primarily, to believers and only to such, as does the entire epistle and every one of the epistles.
But, blessed be God, no such difficulty can be started in reference to the all-embracing, and encouraging words of Him who spake as never man spake. When we have from the lips of our blessed Lord Himself, the eternal Son of God, such words as these, "God so loved the world," we have no ground whatever for questioning their application to each and all who come under the comprehensive word "world." Before anyone can prove that the free love of God does not apply to him, he must first prove that he does not form a part of the world, but that he belongs to some other sphere of being. If indeed, our Lord had said, "God so loved a certain portion of the world," call it what you please, then verily it would be absolutely necessary to prove that we belong to that particular portion or class, ere we could attempt to apply His words to ourselves. If He had said that God so loved the predestinated, the elect, or the called, then we must seek to know our place amongst the number of such, before we can take home to ourselves the precious assurance of the love of God, as proved by the gift of His Son.
But our Lord uses no such qualifying clause. He is addressing one who, from his earliest days, had been trained and accustomed to take a very limited view indeed of the favour and goodness of God. Nicodemus had been taught to consider that the rich tide of Jehovah's goodness, loving kindness, and tender mercy could only flow within the narrow enclosure of the Jewish system and the Jewish nation. The thought of its rolling forth to the wide wide world had never, we may safely assert, penetrated the mind of one trained amid the contracting influences of the legal system. Hence, therefore, it must have sounded passing strange in his ear, to hear "a teacher come from God" giving utterance to the great fact that God loved not merely the Jewish nation, nor yet some special portion of the human race, but "the world." No doubt, such a statement would add not a little to the amazement felt by this master in Israel at being told that he himself, with all his religious advantages, needed to be born again in order to see or enter the kingdom of God.
Do we then deny or call in question the grand truth of predestination, election, or effectual calling? God forbid. We hold these things as amongst the fundamental principle of true Christianity. We believe in the eternal counsels and purposes of our God — His unsearchable decrees — His electing love — His sovereign mercy.
But do any or all of these things interfere, in the smallest degree, with the gracious activities of the divine nature, or the outgoings of God's love towards a lost world? In no wise. God is love. That is His blessed nature, and this nature must express itself toward all. The mistake lies in supposing that because God has His purposes, His counsels, His decrees — because He is sovereign in His grace and mercy — because He has chosen from all eternity a people for His own praise and glory — because the names of the redeemed, all the redeemed, were written down in the book of the slain Lamb, before the foundation of the world — that therefore God cannot be said to love all mankind — to love the world — and, moreover that the glad tidings of God's full and free salvation ought not to be proclaimed in the ears of every creature under heaven.
The simple fact is that the two lines, though so perfectly distinct, are laid down with equal clearness, in the word of God; neither interferes, in the smallest degree, with the other, but both together go to make up the beauteous harmony of divine truth and to set forth the glorious unity of the divine nature.
Now, it is with the activities of the divine nature and the outgoings of divine love that the preacher of the gospel has specially to do. He is not to be cramped, crippled, or confined in his blessed work, by any reference to God's secret decrees or purposes, though fully aware of the existence of such. His mission is to the world — the wide wide world. His theme is salvation — a salvation as full as the heart of God, as permanent as the throne of God — as free as the air — free to all without any exception, limitation, or condition whatsoever. The basis of his work is the atoning death of Christ which has removed all barriers out of the way, and opened up the floodgates in order that the mighty tide of divine love may roll forth, in all its fullness, richness and blessedness, to a lost and guilty world.
And here, we may add, lies the ground of man's responsibility in reference to the gospel of God. If, indeed, it be true that God so loved the world as to give His only begotten Son — if "the righteousness of God is to all" — if it be God's gracious will that all should be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth" — if He is not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance — then verily is every man who hears this glorious gospel laid under the most solemn responsibility to believe it and be saved. No one can honestly and truthfully turn round and say, "I longed to be saved, but could not, because I was not one of the elect. I longed to flee from the wrath to come but was prevented by the insuperable barrier of the divine decree which irresistibly consigned me to an everlasting hell."
There is not, within the covers of the volume of God, in the entire range of His dealings with His creatures, in the aspect of His character, or in the enactments of His moral government, the very faintest shadow of a foundation for such an objection. Every man is left without excuse. God can say to all who have rejected His gospel, "I would, but ye would not." There is absolutely no such thing as reprobation in the word of God, meaning, the consignment on God's part, of any number of His creatures to everlasting damnation. Everlasting fire is prepared for the devil and his angels. (Matt. 25.) Men will rush into it. "Vessels of wrath" are fitted, not by God, but by themselves, "to destruction." (Rom. 9.) Everyone who gets to heaven will have to thank God for it. Everyone who finds himself in hell will have to thank himself for it.
We fondly trust the reader sees these things, even now. It is of the very last possible importance to maintain the balance of truth in the soul — to allow the beams of divine revelation to act, with full power, on the heart and conscience, unimpeded by the murky atmosphere of mere human theology. There is imminent danger in taking up a certain number of abstract truths and forming them into a system. We want the adjusting power of all truth. The growth and practical sanctification of the soul are promoted, not by some truth, but by the truth, in all its fullness, as embodied in the person of Christ, and set forth by the eternal Spirit in the holy scriptures. We must get rid completely of all our own preconceived notions — all merely theological views and opinions — and come like a little child, to the feet of Jesus to be taught by His Spirit, from out His holy word. Thus only shall we find rest from conflicting dogmas. Thus shall all the heavy clouds and mists of human opinion be rolled away and our enfranchised souls shall bask in the clear sunlight of a full divine revelation.
We shall now proceed with our proofs.
And, for our present purpose, it is only necessary for us to take up one feature in the atoning death of Christ, but that one feature is a cardinal one. We refer to the marvellous fact set forth by the Holy Ghost in the prophet Isaiah, "It pleased Jehovah to bruise him. He has put him to grief." Isaiah 53.
Our blessed Lord might have come into this world of sin and sorrow. He might have become a man. He might have been baptised in the Jordan — anointed by the Holy Ghost — tempted of Satan in the wilderness. He might have gone about doing good. He might have lived and laboured, wept and prayed, and, at the close, gone back to heaven again, thus leaving us involved in deeper gloom than ever. He might, like the priest or the Levite, in the parable, have come and looked upon us in our wounds and misery, passed by on the other side and returned alone to the place from whence He came.
And what if He had? what, reader, but the flames of an everlasting hell, for thee and me? For, be it well remembered, that all the living labours of the Son of God — His amazing ministry — His days of toil and His nights of prayer — His tears, His sighs, His groans — the whole of His life-work, from the manger up to, but short of, the cross, could not have blotted out one speck of guilt from a human conscience. "Without shedding of blood is no remission." No doubt, the eternal Son had to become a man that He might die; but incarnation could not cancel guilt. Indeed, the life of Christ, as a man on this earth, only proved the human race more guilty still. "If I had not come and spoken to them, they had not had sin." The light that shone in His blessed ways only revealed the moral darkness of man — of Israel — of the world. Hence, therefore, had He merely come and lived and laboured here for three-and-thirty years, and gone back to heaven, our guilt and moral darkness would have been fully proved but no atonement made. "It is the blood that makes atonement for the soul."
This is a grand foundation-truth of Christianity, and must be constantly affirmed, and tenaciously held. There is immense moral power in it. If it be true that all the life-labours of the Son of God — His tears, His prayers, His groans — His sighs — if all these things put together could not cancel one single speck of guilt then, indeed, may we not lawfully inquire what possible value can there be in our works — our tears — our prayers — our religious services — our ordinances, sacraments and ceremonies — the whole range of religious activity and moral reform? Can such things avail to cancel our sins and give us a righteousness before God? The thought is perfectly monstrous. If any or all of these things could avail, then why the sacrificial, atoning death of Christ? Why that ineffable and inestimable sacrifice, if aught else would have done?
But, it will perhaps be said that, although none of these things could avail without the death of Christ, yet they must be added to it. For what? To make that peerless death — that precious blood — that priceless sacrifice of full avail? Is that it? Shall the rubbish of human doings, human righteousness, be flung into the scale to make the sacrifice of Christ of full avail in the Judgement of God? The bare thought is positive and absolute blasphemy.
But are there not to be good works? Yes, verily; but what are they? Are they the pious doings, the religious efforts, the moral activities of unregenerate, unconverted, unbelieving nature? Nay. What then? What are the Christian's good works? They are life work's, not dead works. They are the precious fruits of life possessed — the life of Christ in the true believer. There is not anything beneath the canopy of heaven which God can accept as a good work save the fruit of the grace of Christ in the believer. The very feeblest expression of the life of Christ, in the daily history of a Christian, is fragrant and precious to God. But the most splendid and gigantic labours of an unbeliever are, in God's account, but "dead works."
All this, however, is a digression from our main line, to which we must now return.
We have said that, for our present purpose, we shall merely refer to one special point in the death of Christ, and that is the fact that it pleased Jehovah to bruise Him. Herein lies the striking and soul-subduing proof that God is for us. "He spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all." He not merely gave Him but bruised Him, and that for us. That spotless, holy, perfect One — the only perfect Man that ever trod this earth — the One who ever did the things which pleased His Father — whose whole life from the manger to the tree was one continued sweet odour ascending to the throne and to the heart of God — whose every movement, every word, every look, every thought was well pleasing to God — whose one grand object, from first to last, was to glorify God and finish His work — this blessed One was delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God — was nailed to the cursed tree, and there endured the righteous wrath of a sin hating God; and all this because God was for us — even us.
What marvellous and matchless grace is here! The Just One bruised for the unjust — the sinless, spotless, holy Jesus, bruised by the hand of Infinite Justice in order that guilty rebels might be saved; and not only saved but brought into the position and relationship of sons — sons and daughters of the Lord Almighty — heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ.
This surely is grace — rich, free, sovereign grace — grace abounding to the very chief of sinners — grace reigning, through righteousness, to eternal life, by Jesus Christ. Who would not trust this grace? Who can look at the cross, and doubt that God is for the sinner — for any sinner — for him — for the reader of these lines? Who would not confide in that love that shines in the cross? Who can look at the cross and not see that God wills not the death of any sinner? Why did He not allow us to perish in our guilt — to descend into that everlasting hell which we so richly deserved because of our sins? Why give His Only-begotten Son? Why bruise Him on that shameful cross? Why hide His face from the only perfect Man that ever lived — that Man His own Eternal Son? Why all this, reader? Surely it was because God is for us, spite of all our guilt and sinful rebellion. Yes, blessed be His Name, He is for the poor self-destroyed, hell-deserving sinner, be he who or what he may; and each one whose eye scans these lines is now entreated to come and confide in the love that gave Jesus from the bosom and bruised Him on the cross.
Oh! beloved reader, do come, just now. Delay not! Waver not! Reason not! Listen not to Satan! Listen not to the suggestions and imaginings of your own heart; but listen to that word which assures you that God is for you, and to that love which shines forth in the gift and the death of His Son.
In pursuing what we may truly call the golden chain of evidence in proof that God is for us, we have dwelt upon the two precious facts of the gift and the death of His Son. We have travelled from the bosom to the cross, along that mysterious and marvellous path which is marked by the footprints of divine and everlasting love. We have seen the blessed One not only giving His only begotten Son from His bosom, but actually bruising Him for us — making His spotless soul an offering for sin — bringing Him down into the dust of death — making Him to be sin for us judging Him in our stead — thus affording the most unanswerable evidence of the fact that He is for us, that His heart is toward us, that He earnestly desires our salvation, seeing that He has not withheld His Son, His only Son from us, but delivered Him up for us all.
THE RAISING OF HIS SON.
And in speaking of the glorious fact of resurrection, we must confine ourselves to the one point therein, namely, the proof which it furnishes of God's being friendly to us. A passage or two of scripture will suffice to unfold and establish this special point.
In Romans 4, the inspired apostle introduces God to our hearts as the One who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead. He is speaking of Abraham who, He tells us, "against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be. And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb. He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and being fully persuaded that what he had promised, he was able also to perform. And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was imputed to him; but for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that" — what? That gave His Son? Nay. That bruised His Son upon the cross? Nay. What then? "That raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead" — the very same "who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification."
Anxious reader, weigh this great fact. What was it that brought the precious Saviour to the cross? What brought Him down to the dust of death? Was it not our offences? Truly so. "He was delivered for our offences." He was nailed to the cursed tree for us. He represented us on the cross. He was our Substitute, in all the full value and deep significance of that word. He took our place and was treated, in every respect, as we deserved to be treated. The hand of infinite justice dealt with our sins — all our sins, at the cross. Jesus made Himself responsible for all our offences, our iniquities, our transgressions, our liabilities, all that was or ever could be against us — He, blessed be His peerless and adorable name! — made himself answerable for all, and died in our stead, under the full weight of our sins. He died, the just for the unjust.
Where is He now? The heart bounds with ineffable joy and holy triumph at the thought of the answer. Where is the blessed One who hung on yonder cross, and lay in yonder tomb? He is at the right hand of God, crowned with glory and honour. Who set Him there? Who put the crown upon His blessed brow? God Himself. The One who gave Him, and the One who bruised Him is the One who raised Him, and it is in Him we are to believe if we are to be counted righteous. This is the special point before the apostle's mind. Righteousness shall be imputed to us if we believe on God as the One who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.
Hence, therefore, it could, in no wise, meet our need as guilty sinners, charged with innumerable offences, to be told that the eternal Son of the Father had taken His seat at the right hand of the majesty in the heavens, inasmuch as that place ever belonged to Him — yea, the very deepest and tenderest place in the bosom of the Father.
But, further, we may enquire, was it as the spotless, sinless, perfect Man that our adorable Lord took His seat on the throne? Nay; as such, He could, at any moment, between the manger and the cross, have taken His place there.
To what conclusion, then, are we absolutely shut up, in this matter? To that most precious, that tranquillising conclusion, that the self-same One who was delivered for our offences, bruised for our iniquities, judged in our stead, is now in heaven; that the One who represented us on the cross, is now on the throne; that the One who stood charged with all our guilt, is now crowned with glory and honour; that, so perfectly, so absolutely and completely, has He disposed of the entire question of our sins, that infinite justice has raised him from the dead, and placed a diadem of glory upon His sacred brow.
Reader, dost thou understand this? Dost thou see its bearing upon thyself? Dost thou believe in the One who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead? Dost thou see that, in so doing, He has declared Himself friendly to thee? And dost thou believe that, in raising up Jesus, He set forth His infinite satisfaction in the great work of atonement, and furnished thee with a receipt in full for all thy debts — a receipt for the "ten thousand talents."
Here lies the gist, marrow, and substance of this magnificent argument of Romans 4. If the man who was delivered for our offences is now in heaven, and in heaven, too, by the hand and act of God himself; then, most surely, our offences are all gone, and we stand justified from all things, as free from every charge of guilt, and every breath of condemnation, as the blessed One Himself. It cannot possibly be otherwise, if we believe on Him who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead. It is utterly impossible for a charge to be brought against the believer in the God of resurrection, for the simplest of all reasons that the One whom He raised was the One whom He bruised for the believer's sins. Why did He raise Him? Because the sins for which He bruised Him were all put away, and put away for ever. The Lord Jesus, having undertaken our cause, and made Himself answerable for us in every way, could not be where He now is, if a single jot or tittle of our guilt remained. But, on the other hand, being where He now is, and being there by God's own act, it is impossible — utterly impossible — for any question to be raised as to the full and complete justification and perfect righteousness of the soul that believes in Him. Thus, the moment that any one believes in God, in the special character of the raiser of Jesus, he is counted perfectly righteous before Him. This is most marvellous, but divinely and eternally true. May the reader feel its power, sweetness, and tranquillising virtue! Yea, may the eternal Spirit give him the blessed sense of it, deep down in his heart! Then, indeed shall he have perfect peace in his soul; then, too, shall he understand how that, in raising, as well as in bruising and giving His Son, God has declared and proved Himself to be for us.
Here, too, we must confine ourselves to one point in that most glorious event, and that is the form in which that august witness, the eternal Spirit, descended.
Let the reader turn to the second chapter of the Acts. "And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared to them cloven tongues, like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. And there were dwelling at Jerusalem, Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven. Now, when this was noised abroad, the multitude came together, and were confounded, because that every man heard them speak in his own language. And they were all amazed and marvelled, saying one to another, Behold, are not all these which speak Galileans? And how hear we every man in our own tongue wherein we were born? Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia, Phrygia, and Pamphylia, in Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, Jews and proselytes, Cretes and Arabians, we do hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God."
Here then we mark one special fact — a fact of deepest interest — three times referred to in the foregoing quotation. It is this, the Holy Ghost came down to speak to every man "in his own dialect" — not the dialect in which he was educated merely, but "in which he was born" — the very dialect in which his mother first whispered into his infant ears, the sweet and tender accents of a mother's love. Such was the medium, such the vehicle which the divine Messenger adopted for the blessed purpose of making known to man that God was for us. He did not speak to the Hebrew in Greek, or to the Greek in Latin. He spoke to each one in the language which he understood, in the plain vernacular — the mother tongue. If there was any peculiarity in that mother tongue, any idiom, any provincialism in the dialect of each, the blessed Spirit would make use of it for the purpose of reaching the heart with the sweet story of grace.
Contrast with this the giving of the law from Mount Sinai. There Jehovah confined Himself absolutely to one language. If persons had been gathered there "from every nation under heaven," they would not have understood a single syllable. The law — the ten words — the record of man's duty to God and to his neighbour was sedulously wrapped up in one tongue. But when "the wonderful works of God" were to be published — when the blessed story of love was to be told out when the heart of God towards poor guilty sinners was to be revealed, was one language enough? No, "Every nation under heaven" must hear. and hear, too, in their own very mother tongue.
Reader, is not this a telling fact? It will perhaps be said that those who heard Peter and the rest on the day of Pentecost, were Jews. Well, that in no wise robs our fact of its charm, its sweetness, and its power. Our fact is that when the eternal Spirit descended from heaven, to tell of the resurrection of Christ, to tell of accomplished redemption — to publish the glad tidings of salvation — to preach repentance and remission of sins — He did not confine Himself to one language, but spoke in every dialect under heaven!
And why? Because He desired to make man understand what He had to say to him — He desired to reach his heart with the sweet tidings of redeeming love — the soul-stirring message of full remission of sins. When the law was to be given — when Jehovah had to speak to man about his duty — when He had to address him in such terms as, "Thou shalt do this, and thou shalt not do that," He confined Himself to one solitary language. But when He would unfold the precious secret of His love — when He would prove to man that He was for him, He, blessed for ever be His name, took care to speak in every language under heaven, so that every man might hear, in his own dialect wherein he was born, the wonderful works of God.
Thus, then, in our series of proofs — our golden chain of evidence, we have travelled from the bosom of God to the cross of Christ, and from that precious cross back to the throne — we have marked the giving, the bruising, and the raising of the Son; we have seen the very heart of God told out in deep and marvellous love, and tender compassion toward guilty perishing sinners. Moreover, we have marked the descent of the eternal Spirit, from the throne of God — His mission to this world to announce to every creature under heaven the glad tidings of a full, free, and everlasting salvation, through the blood of the Lamb, and to announce these tidings not in an unknown tongue, but in the very tongue wherein each was born.
THE POSSESSION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES.
It may perhaps be said that our fifth proof is involved in our fourth, inasmuch as the fact of my possessing a copy of the bible in my mother tongue is, in reality, the Holy Ghost speaking to me in the language in which I was born.
True; but still, so far as the reader is concerned, the fact that God has put into his hand or within his reach the sacred volume — the inestimable boon, the holy scriptures — is an additional proof that He is for him. For why were we not left in ignorance and total darkness? Why was the divine book put into our hands? Why, each one may say, for himself and herself, was I thus favoured? Why was I not left to live and die in heathen blindness? Why was the heavenly lamp allowed to cast its precious beams on me — even me?
Ah I beloved reader, the answer is, "Because God is for thee." Yes, for thee, notwithstanding all thy many sins — for thee, spite of all thy forgetfulness, ingratitude and rebellion — for thee, although as thou very well knowest, thou canst not show a single reason why He should not be against thee. He gave His Son from His bosom, bruised Him on the cross, raised Him from the dead, sent down the Holy Ghost, put into your very hands His blessed book, all to show you that He is for you, that His heart is toward you, that He earnestly desires your salvation.
And mark, we pray thee, thou canst not say, nor wilt thou ever dare to say, "I could not understand the bible; it; was beyond me; it was full of abstruse mysteries which I could not fathom; of difficulties which I could not solve; of discrepancies which I could not reconcile. And when I turned to those who professed to be Christians, I found them split up into almost innumerable sects, and divided into almost endless schools of doctrine. And, not only so, but I saw such utter hollowness, such gross inconsistency, such flagrant contradiction between profession and practice, that I was forced to abandon the whole subject of religion with a mingled feeling of perplexity, contempt, and disgust."
These objections will not stand in the judgement, nor keep thee out of the lake that burns with fire and brimstone. Remember this. Yes, ponder it deeply. Let not the devil, let not thine own heart deceive thee. What does Abraham say to the rich man, in Luke 16? "They have Moses and the prophets, let them hear them." Why does the rich man not reply, "They cannot understand them?" He dare not.
No, reader; a child can understand the holy scriptures, which are able to make us wise to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. There is not one beneath the canopy of God's heaven, who possesses a copy of the holy scriptures, who is not solemnly responsible before God for the use he makes of them. If professing Christians were split up into ten thousand times as many sects as they are; if they were ten thousand times as inconsistent as they are; if schools and doctors of divinity were ten thousand times more conflicting than they are — still the word to each possessor of the bible is, "You have Moses and the prophets, and the New Testament, hear them."
Oh! that we could persuade the unconverted, the unawakened, the unbelieving reader to think of these things, to think of them now, to ponder them, in the very hidden depths of his moral being, to give them his heart's undivided attention, ere it be too late. We contemplate, with ever-deepening horror, the condition of a lost soul in hell — of one opening his eyes, in that place of endless torment, to the tremendous fact that God is against him and against him for ever; that all hope is gone; that nothing can ever bridge the chasm that separates the region of the lost from the heaven of the redeemed; that "there is a great gulf fixed."
We cannot proceed. The thought is really overpowering. The heart is crushed by the appalling contemplation. Dear, dear reader, do let us entreat of thee, ere we lay down the pen, to turn, this very hour, to a dear loving Saviour who stands with open arms and open bosom to receive all who come to Him, and who assures thee that "him that comes to me I will in no wise cast out." Do come and trust in God's faithful word and Christ's finished work.
Here lies the precious secret of the whole matter. Look away from self, look straight to Jesus, confide simply in Him, and in what He has done for thee on the cross, and all thy sins shall be blotted out, divine righteousness shall be thine, eternal life, sonship, an indwelling Spirit, an all-prevailing Advocate, a bright home in the heavens, a portion in Christ's eternal glory — yes, reader, if thou wilt but believe in Jesus all shall be thine — Himself the best of all.
May the Holy Ghost lead thee, this moment, to the feet of Jesus, and enable thee to cry out, in holy triumph, "If God be for us, who can be against us?" God grant it for Jesus Christ's sake.


Carballo (Oscar Carballo) #440. "El musico y sus amigos," 1986. Lithograph. 22" x 19"
Carballo (Oscar Carballo) #465 (SL) NFS> "Mujer," 1980. Woodcut print. 20" x 20.5"
Carballo (Oscar Carballo) #487. Untitled, 1978. Linoleum print edition 5 of 14. 14.5 x 16.5 inches.
Carballo (Oscar Carballo) #489 (SL) NFS>> "Prosiga usted," 1979. Woodcut print edition 1 of 12. Dedicated to sandra.
Carballo (Oscar Carballo) #491 (SL) "Mi hermana Vicia," 1979. Linoleum print edition 12 of 12. 21.5 x 25 inches.
Carlos Cárdenas #2392. "Construa el cielo," 1989. Serigraph print. 26 3/4 x 19 1/4 inches.
Carlos Cárdenas #306. "Suicida moldeable", 1988. Serigraph print. 20 x 27.5 inches.
Carlos Del Toro #2872. Untitled, N.D. Screen print edition 75 of 150. 21.25 x 15.25 inches.
Carlos Del Toro #3474. "Variaciones para una hipotetica danza-asombrada," 2003. Lithograph print edition 1 of 5. 42 x 30.5 inches.
Carlos Del Toro #3475. "Variaciones para una hipotetica danza-asombrada," 2003. Lithograph print edition 1 of 6 31 x 41.5 inches.
Carlos Estevez #1529. The soul lives behind the shell. 1998. Monotype print. 30 x 22.5 inches.
Carlos Estevez #3117. Untitled, N.D. Serigraph print edition 82 of 100. 14 x 10.5 inches.
Carlos Garaicoa #1826. Rivoli, 1994 Serigraph print, artist proof. 27.5 x 19 inches.
Carlos Garaicoa #1826B. "Rivoli o el lugar de donde emana la sangre," 1994. Serigraph print, Artist proof. 27.5 x 19 inches.
Carlos Guzman #5223 (SL) Untitled, 2009. Serigraph print edition 61/100. 10.5 x 9 inches.
Carlos Rene Aguilera #2762. "Matador, 2002. Etching edition 4/11.
Carlos Rene Aguilera #8020. "El mundo," 2013. Lithograph print. 11 x 15 inches.


text:
Arthur Versiani Vellôso (Ouro Preto, 26 de janeiro de 1906 — Belo Horizonte, 11 de fevereiro de 1986) foi um filósofo kantiano e co-fundador da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da UFMG (hoje Fafich) onde, em 1948, obteve a cátedra de filosofia, que exerceu até a aposentadoria compulsória, em 1976.

Graduou-se em Direito pela UFMG, onde também se doutorou, e estudou filosofia no Instituto Católico de Estudos Superiores, no Rio de Janeiro.

Foi um dos fundadores da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da UFMG (hoje Fafich) onde, em 1948, conquistou a cátedra de filosofia, que exerceu até a aposentadoria compulsória, em 1976. Publicou inúmeros livros, entre eles "A Filosofia e Seu Estudo" (Agir, 1947), "Introdução à História da Filosofia" (Agir, 1947), e "A Vida de Kant" (Itatiaia, 1956).

Foi também autor de várias traduções e artigos em jornais e revistas especializadas, uma das quais Kritérium, criada na Fafich sob sua inspiração. Era membro da Academia Mineira de Letras (cadeira nº 18). Faleceu 11 de fevereiro de 1986.

Filósofos do Brasil
Naturais de Ouro Preto
Professores do Brasil
Membros da Academia Mineira de Letras

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This 2018 Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 is proudly offered by Mercedes-Benz Of Honolulu When you purchase a vehicle with the CARFAX Buyback Guarantee, you're getting what you paid for. The 2018 Mercedes-Benz offers compelling fuel-efficiency along with great value. You will no longer feel the need to repeatedly fill up this Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250's gas tank, in part because of it's superb EPA rating. There are many vehicles on the market but if you are looking for a vehicle that will perform as good as it looks then this Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 is the one! This is about the time when you're saying it is too good to be true, and let us be the one's to tell you, it is absolutely true.


text:
Q: Regarding Return Types in C I'm a beginner in C programming and I've written a tiny block of code as follows:
char* aFunction() {
    char aName[100] = "abc";
    printf ("%s", aName);
    return aName;
}

int main (int argc, char** argv) {
  char* w = aFunction();
  printf ("%s", w);
}

When I compile and run, I get the output "abc(null)" but I was expecting "abcabc". Could someone explain to me why the w variable prints null? How would I fix this so that I could call printf in main and get "abc"? In other words, what is the proper way to pass the value of aName to the w variable?

A: You cannot return aName in your function because it is a local variable that is lost after returning from aFunction
One quick way to fix it is to declare aName static like so
static char aName[100] = "abc";

A: When you compile it you will get a warning
warning: function returns address of local variable

as aName is a local variable and its scope is until your function terminates.
What you can do is , declare a char * in function , allocate memory to it and then return it from your function aFunction.
An example -
char *aFunction() {
     char *aName;
     aName=malloc(3+1);
     if(aName==NULL)
          return NULL;
     strcpy(aName,"abc");
     printf ("%s", aName);
     return aName;
}

int main (int argc, char** argv) {
    char* w = aFunction();
    if(w!=NULL){
       printf ("%s", w);
       free(w);
    }
}

Note- Please enable your compiler warnings .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Israel-Palestine Relations: A New Year, New Predictions
By Gershon Baskin
Jerusalem Times 2 January 2007
https://www.globalresearch.ca/israel-palestine-relations-a-new-year-new-predictions/4299
Over the past years I have attempted to make some predictions about what we can expect to happen over the next year. I admit that this is quite risky as I don't have any real crystal ball to tell me the future. This could be somewhat compared to reading coffee cups of looking at the stars. I usually come out better than what sheer luck could provide. I indulge your patience and request that at least you view this as entertainment (perhaps not very good entertainment at that).
Prediction #1 – The Olmert Government will survive the year. I don't expect new elections in Israel in the coming year. With a majority of some 78 seats in the coalition, even with the lowest public popularity rating ever held by a Prime Minister in Israel, Olmert's government faces no real threats.
Prediction #2 – Amir Peretz will continue to lead the Labour party. Even with Peretz's all time low public approval rating, he has no where to go and he will fight to stay in the Labour leadership position and in the Ministry of Defense. Peretz will not be found primarily responsible for Israel's failures in Lebanon. The faulty military concept employed in Lebanon and the poor performance of the army had their roots set deep down way before Peretz ever arrived in the Ministry of Defense. Peretz's leadership in the Labour party is being challenged by many candidates – Ami Ayalon, the front runner, Danny Yatom, Matan Vilnai, perhaps Ephraim Sneh, Avishai Braverman, Ofir Pines – the only Labour Minister to resign the government when Lieberman was asked to sit at the table and Ehud Barak. Barak's chances don't seem very strong as he still has many more enemies in the party than allies, yet Barak might still find himself sitting at the Cabinet table if Olmert could move Peretz out of the Defense Ministry. A deal could be worked out that in exchange for Barak removing himself from the race for the Labour leadership, Peretz would move into the position of a Minister for Public Welfare. In politics anything is possible. Peretz is a fighter when he is fighting for himself. He has pulled rabbits out of the Labour hat in the past and I would not put is past him that he has some more rabbits there. I would most prefer to see Ofir Pines in the leadership, but that is unlikely to happen.
Prediction #3 – There will not be new elections in Palestine over the six months. I cannot predict more than six months forward on this question. President Abbas declared that he would hold new elections, but as in the past, no date was set and no new announcements on this question have been issued since. Abbas is great at making threats and has a very poor record on making good on them. The moment that Hamas announced that it would boycott the elections, it was clear that they could not be held without launching a civil war, which Abbas seems intent on not doing. A couple of things could cause a change in this regard: if, for example, Marwan Barghouthi was amongst those that will be released in the upcoming prisoner exchange, the possible ground swell of pressure from within the Fatah ranks could force new elections, regardless of the potential Hamas boycott. If Fatah activists finally force the democratic processes of reform within Fatah on Abbas, the pressure for new elections will also increase. A senior advisor to PA Prime Minister Haniyeh told me yesterday that Hamas is still intent on reviving the discussions on a Palestinian National Unity Government and he was quite convinced that it would happen. I am somewhat less convinced, but it still remains a real possibility.
Prediction #4 – The Bush administration will pressure Olmert to assist in strengthening Mahmoud Abbas. The US position will be to continue to "gesturize" the process rather than bringing the sides to real political negotiations, which is the only thing that could really strengthen Abbas. It seems that there is only one real way to strengthen Abbas, or for that matter any Palestinian leader, and that is to move directly into permanent status negotiations to end the occupation, establish a viable sovereign Palestinian state and to reach real Israeli-Palestinian peace. Everything short of this is simply prolonging the occupation and no Palestinian leader will be able to lead his way out of the chaos without a real and genuine political peace process. It does not seem that Prime Minister Olmert is ready or willing to enter into such a process at the outset of 2006. Perhaps this will change in the coming months.
Prediction #5 – Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni's new political initiative will lead no where. Livni's plan calls for moving directly to Phase II of the Road Map which would establish a Palestinian state with provisional borders and only then to return to Phase I of the Road Map which includes all of the security related obligations of the Palestinians, the removal of unauthorized outposts by the Israelis and a return to the lines of September 28, 2000. Livni's plan furthermore calls for Israel to withdraw and to remove settlements east of the separation barrier. Livni got it right in understanding that Phase I of the Road Map is implementable and that someway must be found to bypass it for the time being. The Palestinians have completely rejected the idea of a state with provisional borders; they incorrectly call it a provisional state, but perhaps that term is exactly what it would be. The only way to relate to the dead Road Map is by going to Phase III which is the negotiations on the end of the conflict, the end of the occupation and the creation of the Palestinian state. Only then would be it possible to return to Phase I which would be linked with the implementation of the permanent status agreement. At that time, it would be essential to include mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the agreements, verifying that both sides are meeting the terms of the agreement and the Road Map and devising a real mechanism for resolving disputes as they arise. Livni was courageous by launching a new initiative against the will of the Prime Minister. It shows that she is thinking forward and is strong enough to go against the party leader. I would put my money on her in terms of her career advancement in the years to come.
What could be!
The New Year begins with a sense that there are new opportunities for moving forward. June 5, 2007 will mark 40 years of occupation. It is time for this occupation to end. The changes in Washington with a new Secretary of Defense, the Baker-Hamilton report, the burning desire of most Americans to get out of Iraq, the change of leadership in Congress – all bid well for a change in the US role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The new Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-Moon, also stated in his first major speech that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict must come to an end. It is quite clear to most of the world and to most Israelis and most Palestinians how the conflict should end. Olmert and Abbas also both know very well the parameters of a possible Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement. What we require is real leadership – something that has been absent for quite some time.
Egypt and Jordan can continue to play a very constructive role and my proposal for the establishment of the "mini-quartet" of Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Egypt that would replace the international quartet in future peacemaking is still a real and viable option. The international quartet would have a role to play if and when Israel and Palestine reach agreements. The Israeli request for an expanded international force in Lebanon and the deployment of Egyptian troops in Rafah and EU Monitors at the Egyptian-Gaza border are all very significant. It is crucial that this kind of international involvement be successful, because we are going to need international troops to be deployed in Palestine. I fully believe that it will be Israel that will request the deployment of such troops.
Immediate steps must be taken to improve the economic situation in Palestine. The main conditions for any economic growth there are freer movement and access. The agreements on movement and access must be implemented immediately. Israel must return the tax revenues that it is holding to the Palestinians, and not only $100m as promised by Olmert to Abbas. All $600m+ is Palestinian money and must be returned to the Palestinians. If Israel does not wish to transfer the money to the Palestinian treasury which is controlled by Hamas, it could transfer the money to Abbas directly. If this is unacceptable by Israel, it could bank the money in an escrow account and allow Abbas to borrow against it. Israel must also allow for the reconnection of the economies of Gaza and the West Bank. The continued strangulation of the Palestinian economy by Israel must finally come to an end.
Abbas must initiate and allow for democratic reform within Fatah. The new generation of practical Palestinian leaders must step forward to capture their place in Palestinian politics. The old generation must step down and allow the democratic process to take place. There can be no chance of replacing Hamas without real democratic reforms in Fatah.
Israel must answer the Syrian peace overtures without delay. The fear is that it is a ploy to regain the Golan Heights without really granting peace. The best deal for Israel would be to link the Syrian initiative with the Israeli-Palestinian track and in that way accept and implement the Arab League Peace Initiative. A successful outcome would assure Israel peace and normal relations with all of the member states of the Arab League. If the Arab League wishes to advance its peace plan it would be very wise to invest a large sum of money in marketing and explaining the initiative to the Israeli people. The plan is the best one that has come along and the people of Israel would be very well advised to accept it.
Wishing all of the readers of the column a very happy and peaceful 2007.
Gershon Baskin is the Co-CEO of IPCRI, the Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information. www.ipcri.org
Copyright © Gershon Baskin, Global Research, 2007

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The statement above mentioned is not exclusively applicable to the artistic domain but is very valid in the realm of academic research too. No doubt, the significance a research paper that is extensive and is inclusive of credible data that supports your research cannot be denied. However, your research paper can be further enhanced with the use of spell-binding scientific illustrations that will enrapture your audience while conveying the results of your research in an effective manner.
A large number of researchers toil hard and give much significance on communicating their results in their research papers so that it is readily accepted by reviewers. In according too much focus on the written results, they tend to overlook the fact that illustrations can also enhance and effectively communicate the outcomes of their research. It is also possible that they ignore illustrations simply because they do not have artistic skills or knowledge to create scientific illustrations. It would be worth mentioning here that you need not be a 'Leonardo Da' Vinci' to create mesmerizing scientific illustrations. All you need to do is follow the tips below mentioned.
Creating a distinct scientific illustration can be incredible, but it should perfectly suit your specific requirements. When you are keen to create scientific illustrations, you should take your target audience into account. It is the same as you would do when you are writing the content for your manuscript / scientific publication. In case the scientific illustration is meant for other scholars who would peruse your manuscript, you have to ensure that it is accurate and looks professional. But in case, your paper is meant for potential funding managers or students, you need to ensure that your illustrations are captivating and draw their attention promptly particularly, if your paper is being presented in conferences or symposiums.
When you commence writing your research paper, initially, your focus would be on the message you are trying to convey, create a logical structure and outline a draft. In the same vein, you need to follow that process while creating your scientific illustration. The focus here would again be on the information that you are attempting to convey. To present and communicate the results of your research, you would require illustrations, tables, figures and graphs. You might also feel the need to include workflows, infographics or experimental layouts. In such a scenario, it would help if you create some rough sketches first which will help you to determine how you need to organize the many illustrations within your paper. With due reference to technical graphs and figures which are intended to project experimental information, you can initially take notes on a cold software produced diagram to purview how the results can be better communicate while avoiding confusion.
As opposed to other artistic works, it is imperative that you keep your scientific illustration as simple and clear without complicating it with too much information or visual details. The objective of scientific illustration is to enable your audience to enhance their interpretation of your research results visually. However, being simple does not mean that the illustration is superficial. The information you opt to include in your illustration should be accurate. Though visual appeal is important, scientific accuracy takes precedence.
These are just few tips to help you with your scientific illustrations but look forward to our next where we will provide tips on creating scientific illustrations using software.


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text:
View of the front cedar clad garage and entry. Each of the four upstairs bedrooms have private balconies also clad in cedar.
Norwich Residence
....... location: .Sherman Oaks, CA
..........status: .Completed
The Norwich residence is a home for an ER doctor, her film producer husband and their two young children. The primary challenge of the project was to fit the relatively large residence on a narrow suburban lot, without creating a hulking elongated building.
Our strategy was to divide the building into quadrants so that it appears to be a cluster of four smaller building, rather than a large "mass."
View of the house from the street.
The doors at the rear of the house slide to create a seamless connection between the living spaces and the backyard. On the second floor, the doors open from the master suite to a large balcony that overlooks the pool.
Aerial view showing the flat roof that divides the house into four quadrants - each with uniquely vaulted ceiling.
Each of the quadrants contains a bedroom with a distinct vaulted roof, creating high sculptural ceilings. The quadrants are connected by a lower cross shaped roof that covers the circulation. Large windows are placed at each end of the cross, so that in every direction, one moves towards light. Each bedroom has a private "carved" balcony that acts as a lightwell, connecting the room to the outdoors, while maintaining privacy. These balconies are clad in cedar, which brings a warmth and softness into the space.
View of the rear of the residence showing the large balcony off the master suite.
CHA also designed the project's hardscape and landscape, composed of hybrid indoor/outdoor spaces that connect the house to garden "rooms".
The next six diagrams show the derivation of the house's form. The rectangular volume is the maximum buildable envelope of the house on the site.
The house is divided into quadrants to reduce it's perceived size.
Balconies where subtracted from each of the quadrants to give the bedrooms private outdoor spaces. The larger subtraction on the ground floor marks the front door.
Walls were added to maximize the first-floor area.
The roof was vaulted at each of the bedrooms to emphasize the ceiling height.
Resulting house.
First floor plan showing the open living space that connects to the backyard.
Second floor plan showing cross-shaped hall and double height space above the living room.
Transverse section through the vaulted bedroom spaces.
Longitudinal section through the flat roof hall that connects the bedrooms.


A team approach to design, space planning, site selection, neighborhood fit, and architectural layout.
Michael Turner is a 32 year veteran of the Dallas home building industry. At a young age, he knew he wanted to be hands-on and took vocational training classes in high school and started his building career immediately upon graduation. He was the project manager for several custom builders throughout the years until he formed Classic Urban Homes in 2005.
Michael believes in giving back to the building industry and plays an active role at the Dallas Builders Association. He has held several positions throughout the organization including President of the Dallas Division, chairman of several Association committees, a seat on the Board of Directors for almost 10 years and served in the Association's highest position in 2016, as the 74th President. In addition to his local service, he also serves at the state level as a Director and Area Vice President for the Texas Association of Builders.
He believes in continuing education and is designated as a graduate master builder; certified aging in place specialist; master certified green professional; certified graduate builder and a certified green professional.
Classic Urban Homes has been awarded numerous ARC awards for several years and along with Best New Home, Michael was awarded the prestigious Custom Builder of the Year award 3 years in a row.
Michael's experience is in all stages of the home-building process, including design, budgeting, purchasing, and day-to-day on-site supervision and his goal is to provide quality, sustainable and innovative homes to his clients.
The Residential Company is a boutique real estate firm that offers premium service tailored to the specific needs of its clients. Recognizing that not every listing requires the same marketing and not every client requires the same time, the Residential Company customizes all marketing plans and commission schedules for each transaction. The Residential Company offers an exclusive arrangement for Classic Urban Homes' clients that can produce results with significant savings.


Welsh environment minister John Griffiths praised Welsh residents and councils for helping achieve the best recycling rate in the UK but warned they could not "rest on their laurels" if tough longer term ambitions were to be achieved.
He added: "A bit of extra thought and effort from all of us around how we manage our waste should ensure that 2012 is the year in which recycling in Wales peaks above the significant 50% milestone. This means recycling wherever possible and separating out food waste to prevent it clogging up landfill sites.
Recycling in Wales has risen from 7% in 2000/01 to 48% between April and June 2011.
Wales is the only country in the UK to have introduced statutory targets for municipal recycling.
The first statutory target for local authorities is for 52% for 2012/13. The Welsh Government has targeted a 70% recycling rate by 2025 and to be zero waste by 2050.
Latest recycling rates for local authority waste in Wales show an increase from 44% to 48% - and total waste continues to fall.
Wales is on track to meet its 52% statutory recycling target for 2012/13, following a 4.4% increase over the past year to 43.6%.


Cafe Amisha has tried to make the most of an inauspicious space. On moving in they must have been overwhelmed by the exposed car park concrete. But they have tried to compensate with colourful furnishings and novel lighting. The food is simple, not complicated and not bad… But no better than that. Take the pizzas, the bases are crisp and thin, but there is no sense of flavour and almost non existent herbs. Like everything about Cafe Amisha the service is OK but flawed… Our waiter was friendly, but his incessant quipping became a bore. In an area crying out for places for an informal, but quality restaurant a little more polish here could draw a large and loyal following. As it is, cafe Amisha is sadly underwhelming.


and invite your students to practise.
and assign them to your students.
your teacher's assigned you a test.
and send them to your teacher!
Have you got your username and password?
Are you entering for the first time?
Do you want to explore WebLAB?


But not every senior discount beats what young'uns pay. How can you tell a good deal from a crock of Geritol?
Win a trip to South Africa! If your response is the best we receive before May 12, you'll win a seven-night trip to the Eastern Cape, courtesy of South African Airways Holidays.


text:
What Does A Curator Do?
Staci Wilson
'When in Rome' is a cute romantic comedy starting Josh Duhamel and Kristen Bell as star-crossed lovers who meet in the fabled European city, then travel back to New York City where they flirt and cavort at her workplace -- the Guggenheim museum, where she's a curator of antiquities.
While at the swanky "When In L.A." Beverly Hills launch party put on by The Buzz Girls in association with Disney, I got an advance copy of the DVD (it opened on June 15). Later on as I was watching it, I enjoyed the sweet/funny aspects of the film -- but I was also seriously envying Bell's character's job. I'd love to dream up art exhibits, decorate museums and throw lavish, sponsored galas!
-- See the average salary for a museum curator and an assistant curator.
Of course, being a curator isn't all fun and games...
First of all, what is a curator? Generally speaking, a curator creates, oversees and takes care of any given collection at a museum, historic site, aquarium, or zoo. The word curator comes from the Latin word curatus, which means "care."
Jobs Related to Museum Curators
According to the BLS, there are approximately 29,100 workers employed in the U.S. as archivists, curators and museum technicians. The industry is expected to grow much faster than average through 2018, but job competition is expected to be fierce.
Museum Technician
Guest Services Supervisor
Facilities Supervisor
Common Job Requirements
Graduate degree in history or museum studies
Doctorate-level degree may be required
Knowledge in a number of fields
Ability to design exhibits
$47,220 – curators' median annual wages according to the May 2008 BLS. For curators employed by the Federal Government average annual salary spiked to $90,205.
Curators have various responsibilities, usually dictated by the size of the venue, its mission, budget, and who else is on staff. A curator can be an expert in a narrowly defined field of expertise, or a versatile doing a little bit of everything the job might require -- like, collecting on invoices and grant-writing. That doesn't sound like fun. (I thought it was all King Tut and Hope diamonds!)
Then again, it would be nice to choose the exhibits and shape the artistic bent in the community. You could spotlight your favorite photographer, or host a showing of haute couture fashion... even showcase classic cars, as Museum of Fine Arts in Boston did for Ralph Lauren's collection.
The curator is in charge of building a museum's permanent collection, and then caring for it with proper storage and display techniques (such as the use of a hygrothermograph, which measures temps and relative humidity). The person in this position does oversee collections (and the debut parties!), write short, descriptive texts based on items' provenance or historical value, and network with like-minded associates and museum-goers.
Now that you think you might want to be a curator, how do you go about it? Well, a bachelor's degree is essential (at minimum; master's preferred). Majors usually include history, art history, American studies, or whatever your particular field of interest might hold if you plan on specializing. A solid background in research and writing is important. You'll have to start at the (unpaid) bottom by volunteering or/and interning. Sme big museums offer such opportunities, but don't overlook historic villages, house museums, offbeat exhibits and the like.
According to StateUniversity.com, the employment outlook for budding curator is good. They do, however, place the median income at only $43,000 (but if you're lucky enough to land a big job at a well-known museum, you can rake in a lot more).
For now, I think I'd better stick to blogging about movie-character curators... but a girl can dream!
Staci Layne Wilson is the author of several books, and works as a freelance journalist in entertainment, fashion, and film. She enjoys writing about herself in the third person. Staci Layne blogs about the celebrities she interviews at http://stacilaynewilson.wordpress.com, and she tweets about her coffee breaks at http://twitter/staciwilson.
curator job description
curator jobs
curator work
curatorial jobs
museum curator jobs
musuem jobs
preservation jobs
smithsonian jobs


Make Orange Cardamom Cookies the new star of your cookie tray! Every year I strive to find my new *favorite* Christmas cookie and this year I decided to use a spice that is often overlooked: cardamom.
Orange Cardamom Cookies provide a festive flavor for holiday slice and bake cookies. Make ahead and even freeze until you are ready to bake!
Slice and Bake Orange Cookies are also fabulous for a cookie exchange idea or to keep in the freezer for unexpected visitors. Bright and lightly sweetened, they are perfect with tea or coffee.
If you have never had cardamom, it has a light peppery flavor and pairs well with citrus. I decided to use orange and blended these flavor affinities into a simple slice and bake cookie.
Slice and bake cookies are one of my go-to's during the holiday season. I can make the dough days ahead of time, even freeze it, and then when I'm expecting guests, slice, bake and have warm cookies in the oven.
Super simple, it is one of my hostess with the mostess tricks. And orange cardamom cookies smell like a warm hug, scenting your entire home.
If you enjoyed Orange Cardamom Cookie, you'll also love these delicious dessert ideas!
Sift together flour through salt. Set aside.
In a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment or a large mixing bowl with an electric mixer, cream together butter and sugar until fluffy and light in color. Add egg through cardamom and mix well.
Slowly, add flour mixture until fully combined.
Form cookie dough into a log about 10 inches long and wrap tightly in plastic wrap. Place in the refrigerator for a minimum of 2 hours but up to 5 days. If freezing, double wrap with plastic wrap and then aluminum foil.
When ready to bake (thaw if frozen), preheat oven to 350 degrees. Cut cookie dough into 1/4 inch disks and place on a parchment paper lined cookie sheet about 2 inches apart. Cookies will spread, so make sure they have some room.
Bake for 12-14 minutes, or until tops are lightly browned and puffy. Allow to cool for 5 minutes before moving to a cooling rack.
I attempted making the orange cardamom cookies. I wanted a simple slice and bake cookie in addition to the several others this holiday. This recipe is complete and utter rubbish. You could never form the batter into a log as the recipe is written. I've added so much flour and I still can't form a log. I've got an ewey gooey mess from what was supposed to be easy. You ought to be ashamed for calling this simple slice and bake.
H Donia, I am sorry it didn't work out for you, but I make these all the time and I am NOT ashamed. Maybe your butter was too soft? Was it a humid day? There are a lot of reasons that doughs can go wrong, but calling me a liar isn't a good one. I hope you have a festive and bright holiday season.
I love to make pumpkin rolls!
We love to make cookies and fudge! Yummy!
My favorite are my grandma's fudge covered crescent cookies. But there have to be sugar cookies too!
I love making Mounds Bars!


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There will be a time and a place to reflect on the wisdom of the war in Iraq. Few may doubt the seemingly inevitable military result, so great is the technological superiority of the alliance. But victory, when it comes, will leave much to resolve and the campaign has, already, exposed grave dangers to the West.
The unwillingness or impotence of the United Nations to act coherently will sound deep alarms in the minds and memories of the older generation and the historically literate.
The sundering of the European Union as a prototype corporate state with its own policies may bring relief to many, but the consequences of the detonation of this vanity will be with us for years to come.
The Church, in its leadership, has manoeuvred itself into a position of moral ambiguity. Declaring itself to be against the war in principle while wholeheartedly supporting troops carrying out the concomitant 'wrong actions' is unlikely to endear the Church to the logical military mind or appeal much to civilians looking for moral consistency.
The Labour Party will have to decide whether its future lies with the old internationalist understanding or the new international order.
The would-be Russian allies of the West must decide whether they intend to pursue a solitary or corporate road in dealing with Islamic terrorism both within and without their borders, and the Chinese must assess the value of a rogue state, albeit an historical ally, with nuclear arms on their approaches.
In all these alarms and dangers no one should underestimate the place where the West, as a whole, has lost a most significant and strategic battle – Turkey. For years Turkey has acted as the Eastern flank of NATO, a secular state buffer against the manifold tyrannies and disorders of the Middle East and the expansionist aims of the former Soviet Union.
While their hearts remain in the East many Turks have longed for a Western economic future. In recent years those hopes have been savagely undone. A combination of the great earthquake and continuing guerrilla warfare devastated its tourist trade. Islamic militancy began to take its toll in public life and upon the media.
When the military and successive governments reached out to the European Union for the prospect of a place in the sun, they were consistently rejected, often being bypassed by new states and by recently enfranchised parts of the old enemy, the Soviet empire.
Internally great changes are afoot. The mosques are not full, but religious indifferentism is a thing of the past. The great cities, like Istanbul, are subject to a daily influx and resettlement of migrant rural workers. Whole suburbs are now becoming fundamentalist. Unsurprisingly the recent election has thrown up a leader who has openly applauded the mosques as a recruiting ground. Only the uninformed were shocked when a hugely divided nation havered about the stationing of American troops and about 'fly over' rights – while flooding Turkey's Eastern borders with troops to deal with the Kurds in a liberated Iraq.
Saddam Hussein may lose in Iraq; but if the West loses Turkey, by a combination of ignorance and political snobbery, it will have lost a major battle in its war against the sponsors of terror and against militant Islam.
You heard it here first. Veterans of the long campaign to oppose women priests will recall a slim yellow volume entitled AEO, which was to have an eventful history before it became the blueprint for the House of Bishops provisions in the Act of Synod.
The phrase 'Alternative Episcopal Oversight' was born at a meeting of the Cost of Conscience Committee at Alton Abbey in the Autumn of 1989. Purists at the time objected to its redundancy – 'episcopal' and 'oversight' coming close to tautology. But it caught on in more ways than one. 'This one will run and run,' said someone at the Alton meeting. And it has. Eight parishes in Vancouver are demanding it at this very moment (and a neighbouring Canadian bishop is offering it) – though none of them probably knows the origin of the idea or has even heard of Cost of Conscience.
It has run and run because it was a measured and minimal response to the liberal campaign of aggression against orthodox Christianity which became the determining feature of Anglicanism in the last four decades of the twentieth century. And because that aggression – the liberal agenda whose very existence was for long denied by those who advanced it – has been relentless.
With breathtaking audacity, those who wilfully fractured the unity of Anglican Orders and the Apostolic Ministry (and who are now intent upon destroying the sacrament of marriage by the introduction of same sex unions and partnerships) have denounced AEO as unprecedented and uncatholic. The truth is that the appetite for novelty and sectarianism is uniquely theirs . They invented Alternative Episcopal Oversight, in the sense that their actions made it necessary and inevitable. No Group for Rescinding the Act of Synod can now force the djinn back into the bottle.
'Moral theologians have been telling people for centuries,' said an American Continuing Bishop wisely, 'that actions have consequences. We are the consequences of their actions. They will have to live with us.'
The Standing Committee of the General Synod is facing something of a conundrum. As diocesan motions to rescind the Act of Synod and to move to the ordination of women as bishops without further delay, build up in the pending files, what are they to do? They cannot rush the Rochester Commission (which does not report to the House of Bishops until February). And they can hardly permit an attack on the Act before the draft legislation for Women Bishops (which will effectively replace it) has seen the light of day.
There is the further complication of the Ecclesiastical Committee of Parliament (always an impredicable, as the Churchwardens Measure showed). It would be unwise to present them with legislation which had been hurriedly constructed and ill thought through. Women bishops without concessions of some kind for opponents would be inconceivable, after the fulsome protestations of tolerance and inclusivity which accompanied the last round. And if the new legislation is to end the provision of Extended Episcopal Care (as the radicals are demanding), what is to be done about the PEVs and the Bishop of Fulham? They do not have the appearance of turkeys who will vote for Christmas.
Four validly ordained Anglican bishops continuing throughout the Church of England a ministry which Parliament had declared to be illegal would be a considerable embarrassment. If (following recent American precedent) they sought admission to the dioceses of overseas Anglican Primates, it would be a nightmare.
And yet delay has become a dirty word: the cry is for justice now!
We need hardly say that we told you so. The pretence that the ordination of women was a considered theological decision based on a mature biblical exegesis and a thorough review of the patristic evidence has, with the motions recently passed by the dioceses of Southwark and Ripon and Leeds, lost all credibility. They do not care what the Rochester Commission reports on the 'Theology of Women in the Episcopate', any more than they cared what the Eames Commission reported about 'Communion and Women in the Episcopate'. Theirs is an ethical a priori imperative which (to adapt Michael Adie's claim in 1992) is careless of scripture and uprooted from the tradition.


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Board index ‹ Historical Studies ‹ Ancient and Biblical History
Geography Trannies
Discussions about ancient history or the Bible
by wmfinck » Fri Nov 18, 2016 9:55 am
My pre-program rant for this evening.
Before we begin the next segment of our commentary on Paul's epistle to the Hebrews, I would like to take a minute to talk about Geography Trannies. There are so many clowns who want to set themselves up as the prophets of some great new Gospel, when for the most part they are quite often totally clueless concerning the history of our race and the real purpose of the only gospel which counts – and of course, that is the Gospel of Christ.
Geography Trannies attempt to transposition accounts from ancient history to different places on the globe. In other words, they claim that certain historical events did not happen where they are commonly believed to have happened. The assertions of these people can be quite extreme, and the schemes they concoct to support their claims can be quite complex.
Over this past week I was approached with two absolutely hare-brained ideas. The first idea was a claim that ancient Jerusalem was not in Palestine at all, but that it was really in Meso-America. The second claims that the ancient land of Canaan was actually in lower Caledonia, which is Scotland. (See www-dot-gnower-dot-net.) There is an entire website devoted to this nonsense. These claims are incredible. The ancient world was described in the records of our race for thousands of years. The Assyrians, Babylonians and Persians, for instance, had in many inscriptions recorded their marches and conquests throughout Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Arabia and the Levant (or Palestine), and they were always able to get tens of thousands of soldiers with their animals and equipment to Jerusalem or to the other cities of Canaan in short time and without getting in boats for a months-long journey across the sea. The location of Jerusalem was known to Greeks and Romans centuries before the time of Christ, and it has never been moved.
Once upon a time, back in 2007, The Barnes Review printed an article which claimed that the events recorded in Homer's epics, namely the Iliad and the Odyssey, really took place in the lands surrounding the Baltic Ocean. Of course, the Greeks themselves would have never believed such a thing. I try to forgive John Tiffany for this, since he does well in other areas but he is no student of antiquity. But this is just as ridiculous a thought as these other tales which have surfaced more recently. If any of the tale-bearers had actually read the classical literature on a greater scale, they should have realized the impossibility of these claims. Up until the time of Christ, we have two thousand years of records from several nations, both in inscriptions and histories. Once we understand the depth of these, we can perceive a history and a geography of the ancient world that is complete enough in substance so as to preclude any of these crazy theories which attempt to relocate the birthplace of our civilization to any other place on the globe. Without a solid foundation in the literature of our race, we are lost, and we certainly should not imagine ourselves to be Bible or history experts.
Why do Identity Christians even entertain such clowns?
Last edited by wmfinck on Fri Nov 18, 2016 11:17 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Reason: Added a paragraph at the beginning just before the program. I elaborated a bit more in the audio, but won't edit it again.
Re: Geography Trannies
by Fenwick » Fri Nov 18, 2016 7:07 pm
I don't understand how anyone can think Jerusalem wasn't in the near east. I mean, it's still there...
by Teutonic » Fri Nov 18, 2016 7:32 pm
Wow so my father's side of the family are all Canaanites.
Guess I'm screwed then.
by CIman » Fri Nov 18, 2016 8:34 pm
This is like the Arab clown Ashraf Ezzat who claims that "jewish" scribes fabricated the whole story of Exodus thousands of years later in the Septuagint,
"The truth is that ancient Egypt never knew any Pharaohs nor any Israelites. Egypt was never the land of Exodus and Palestine was never the Promised Land."
"Backed by every reputable expert in the known world, Ezzat argues that ancient Hebrew history as we know it today is based on one colossal lie — that events described as happening in Egypt, if they happened at all, really happened in Arabia. Which means that according to his version, the tales of Joseph, Moses and the Exodus might still be true, but the location in which they are alleged to have happened are false.
To the average person, this would seem a farfetched assertion were it not for the supportive testimony of the world's top Egyptologists, from James Henry Breasted to Donald Redford to Israel Finkelstein. Even some Israeli experts agree, including the head of archeology at Tel Aviv University. Prof. Ze'ev Herzog, in a 1999 article in Ha'aretz, said":
"The Israelites were never in Egypt, did not wander in the desert, did not conquer the land in a military campaign and did not pass it on to the 12 tribes of Israel."
"Many factors set Ezzat on this detective trail of the Biblical deception that castigates Ancient Egypt as an immoral, slave-keeping society.
The first clue was that the Old Testament never mentioned the pyramids, making the writers of that document the first and probably the only visitors to Egypt who never mentioned these awe-inspiring structures."
"Ezzat's contention, backed by solid empirical scholarship, is that the events of the Old Testament occurred in southwestern Arabia, in a province called Mizraim, or Misr, a location now near modern day Yemen, which is where he says the tribe of Israel was really born."
"Deceitfully linking the story of Moses and his Pharaoh has tarnished the image of one of humanity's greatest civilizations," Ezzat writes"
"In the 2nd century BC, the Hebrew bible was translated from Aramaic to Greek at the legendary Library of Alexandria. Seventy Jewish scribes, hence the designation of the Septuagint Bible, were assigned this task by the Ptolemies in which they cunningly replaced this obscure tribal leader Faraon with the mighty Egypt and its king. The Greek version, with this malicious distortion of ancient history, has been the source for all translations of the Bible worldwide ever since."
And the clownery goes on. And of course the mongrel believes that he is related to the ancient Egyptians..
CIman
by Gaius » Sat Nov 19, 2016 5:55 am
Thanks, Bill, and CIman for further evidence of this tomfoolery.
I'd never heard of it, happily ...
Those of our people who do not know their true origins could be misled by such "experts" ...
But also as sides increasingly are being clarified, more of our people will recognise the voice of the deceiver.
by EzraLB » Sat Nov 19, 2016 7:34 am
CIman wrote:
I've been to Paris three times, and I don't recall ever mentioning the Eiffel Tower to people who've asked me about those visits. Yet none of them accused me of lying about ever being in Paris. Also, I was born in Toronto, but I've never mentioned the unavoidable CN Tower whenever I speak of my life there--or my return visits. Again, because of that omission, I've never been accused of lying about having been there.
It's amazing that anyone would fall for this jewish form of "argumentation" and "negative proof".
Return to Ancient and Biblical History


When Eugene was younger, he raised and raced standard bred race horses, while he lived on worked on his farm. He also held a pilot's license and owned his own plane. Eugene's passion for planes continued, as he was a former member of the board of directors at Huntington airport, Huntington, Indiana. Eugene retired as a manager after 45 years at Huntington Ready-Mix Group. He was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church, Huntington.
Eugene is survived by a brother, Robert (Ann) Carroll, North Manchester; a sister, Betty (Ernest J) Wilcox, North Manchester; his companion of many years, Betty Benson; two nephews, David (Traci) Wilcox and Tony (Brandy) Carroll; and three nieces Teresa (Dan) Flora, Christine (Robert) Warner, and Renee (Brett) VanDeWoestyne.
Eugene was preceded in death by his parents Edson and Dorothy Carroll. Family and friends my call Tuesday, Sept. 6, 2016 from 3-7 p.m. at McKee Mortuary, 1401 State Road 114 West, North Manchester.
Funeral Mass will be Wednesday, Sept. 7, 2016 at 11 a.m. at St. Roberts Bellarmine Catholic Church, 1203 State Road 114 East, North Manchester, with calling from 10-10:30 a.m. and the Rosary Service at 10:30 a.m. Father Andrew Curry will officiate.
Burial will be at Fairview Cemetery, Servia For those who wish to honor the memory of Eugene Carroll, memorial contributions may be made to St. Roberts Bellarmine Catholic Church, 1203 State Road 114 East, North Manchester.
Private condolence to the Carroll family may be sent at mckeemortuary.com.


For the second year in a row, Bastyr University faculty Katherine Raymer, MD, ND, was the sole naturopathic doctor invited to speak at the King County Recovery and Resiliency Conference in fall 2014. The conference was focused on creating a wellness culture within the King County behavioral health system, with Dr. Raymer providing a unique naturopathic viewpoint with presentations on the effects, nutrition and toxins on mental health.
How was your experience at the Recovery and Resiliency Conference?
I thought the conference was a unique experience and very professional. It was a valuable opportunity because I was able to address to a bigger audience and make them aware of naturopathic treatments for mental health disorders. I was excited by the enthusiasm and energy of the audience, who were very interested in learning about how nutrition and diet can be used as a behavioral health remedy.
What kind of information about nutrition for behavioral health disorders is available online?
Although a lot of information about nutrition is available on the web, I think that people find it confusing as to what exactly to follow. There are so many different treatments and remedies available for mental health, but people tend to treat using drugs and pharmaceuticals. This can further lead to side effects, addiction and could lead to more chronic issues.
However, if mental health is treated with naturopathic remedies, the root cause of the mental health problem could be resolved, and the patient could recover in long term.
What was your goal during this conference?
My goal was to educate and convince people about moving toward the basic remedial measures by using naturopathic methods. By providing evidence and practical tips, I want to provide hope and alternative solutions for people with behavioral health problems.
How important is nutrition in recovery of mental health?
Nutrition and diet play a critical role in the recovery of behavioral health problems. According to my research, in many cases a Mediterranean diet can help a client with depression disorder. This includes lots of fruits and vegetables, nuts and legumes, fish containing high antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, and carbohydrates comprising of whole grains and sweet potatoes. My research has shown that this diet can help a depressed client feel positive in life by increasing the healthy neurons in their brain.
Basically, implementing a diet focused on whole and non-GMO foods can help lead to a more positive, healthy life.
In addition to a nutritious diet, I would recommend people to be aware and cautious about food packaging as toxins from packaging could the affect human body.


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The world agrees: Messi is the best
by Choripan | 13 Jan, 2016 | football
Messi and the Media sitting in the tree…
The Media loves Messi. As well they should!
No player has forced me into a YouTube vortex as much as Leo since Ronaldhino, or el Diego on more nostalgic nights.
But for whatever reason (be it his modest demeanour, or his boy-next door looks), it seems the Media can't get enough of Leo, and may be exaggerating the gap between him and his contemporaries, including his eternal rival Ronaldo.
Yesterday Messi won his fifth Ballon d'Or by a resounding margin¹. He received 41% of points up for grab (to Ronaldo's 28%), and even more impressively, 64% of all votes for 1st place (to Ronaldo 20%).
The world agrees: Messi is the best.
However, not all sections of the football world agree equally. The Ballon d'Or points are handed out by 3 groups of voters: National team Captains, National team Coaches, and Media representatives². While all three groups had Messi as the clear winner, the Media vowed at his feet almost in adoration, (maybe they've read 538's awesome statistical analysis).
While Messi received 38% of all points handed out by Captains and Coaches, he received 48% of the Media's points.
Even clearer is the Media's response to who is the very best, with 80% of the Media reps giving Messi their top vote, while 'only' 56% of Captains and Coaches tipped Messi to be the stand-out player.
In comparison, while 24% of captains and 23% of coaches gave Ronaldo their top vote, only 13% rated him #1.
I suppose there is only so much love to go around, and Messi is getting all the cuddles.
We should always be conscious of the media's biased perspective of the world, and how it influences our opinions. Perhaps I should watch a Ronnie clip from time to time… He is alright too.
[1] http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/organisation/gala-format.html
[2] http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/playeroftheyear-men/02/75/49/91/fboaward_menplayer2015_neutral.pdf
Image Courtesy: 2 TOP (www.flickr.com/photos/2top/8729191435), Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic | Flickr
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Although fence panels and posts are normally supplied treated and therefore with some degree of protection from the elements, you still need to re-coat the wood periodically in order to protect it. Maintaining a fence correctly therefore means applying a wood treatment or wood preserver, ever few years. You may choose to apply a clear wood preserver or, as shown below, introduce a colour to revive the look of the fence as a whole.
1. If you decide to use a sprayer, follow the manufacturer's guidelines precisely for assembly and for how to use the sprayer safely.
2. A fence must be clean and dry before applying any protective or waterproof product. Brush it down thoroughly with a stiff hand brush.
3. Ensure that only recommended treatments are used in the sprayer. Mix products well before use and do not overfill the spray unit.
4. Spray edges and struts before turning your attention to the central parts of the fence panels. Use long sweeping movements.
5. You could also simply use a large paintbrush. Whichever method you use, ensure complete coverage and apply the recommended number of coats.
If you choose to use spray equipment for fence maintenance, make sure that you take precautions to protect adjacent surfaces. For example, lay dust sheets on a path by a fence.
Fences, and especially panel fences should have gravel boards fitted along the base of the fence at ground level. This is the area that tends to rot first with fences, and so by using gravel boards you simply replace these rather than the whole fence panel. For more on gravel boards see my guide – 'Erecting a fence on soft ground'.
This entry was posted on Wednesday, September 14th, 2011 at 10:46 am	and is filed under 'How-to' Guides, Garden Structures. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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