Moorlach has served in the state Senate since 2015, winning a special election that year and then earning a full term in 2016, when he beat his Democratic opponent by 14 percentage points. The former Orange County Supervisor has branded himself a fiscal conservative who has sought pension reform at all levels of government. He launched his political career when he predicted Orange County's 1994 bankruptcy during a successful bid to become the county's treasurer-tax collector.
At a recent conference on election security, Orange County Registrar of Voters Neal Kelley said he'd asked former CIA Director Michael Hayden if Russian hackers will try to disrupt the 2018 mid-term elections.
In Southern California, home to some of the nation's most-competitive congressional contests, that threat is being taken seriously. Consider just a few of the many new security protocols being adopted by election officials in the four-county region.
Office emails are being encrypted and networks buttressed. Election employees are randomly being mock phished to see if they'll fall for simulated online invaders. Federal officials are being invited to inspect and test the region's many voting systems.
Even the seemingly oldest of old-school safety protocols — counting up some election results by hand — is expected to play an expanded role in the 2018 midterms.
The local upgrades are part of a national response to Russia's meddling in America's 2016 elections. Intelligence agencies have determined that, among other things, Russian agents and their operatives executed a cyberattack on a U.S. voting software supplier, sent spear-phishing emails to election officials, and targeted voter rolls in at least 21 states, breaching a small (but undisclosed) number of them.
Since then, Congress has authorized $380 million to help states strengthen voting systems' digital defenses, including $34 million earmarked to protect the integrity of elections in California. In the last weeks of the Obama administration, the Department of Homeland Security also designated state-run election systems as critical infrastructure, elevating them to the same classification as nuclear reactors and the Hoover Dam. And the FBI and other federal officials are offering free cybersecurity assessments to local election offices.
To date, there's no evidence that votes were changed or voting machines infected during the 2016 cyberattacks. And election security experts say such threats are remote in any specific jurisdiction, and nearly impossible on a substantial scale.
But the upcoming midterms are the first national election since 2016. And those same election experts caution that attacks remain feasible in some American elections systems, particularly if existing vulnerabilities aren't fixed.
California's voting infrastructure is, in many ways, far more secure than those of most other states. Counties in California are legally required to keep paper ballots as fixed records of electronic voting tallies and to hand-count the ballots cast at one percent of all precincts to verify digital totals. That means even if voting machines are compromised, there's a physical backup to warn of a discrepancy.
Despite California's superior safeguards, cybersecurity experts say the state's voting systems remain susceptible to some forms of attack. Recognizing the threat, election officials in Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside counties all said recently that they've become more vigilant since the 2016 campaign and have welcomed help from federal agents to assess their systems.
But implementing fixes has happened at different speeds across the region, with some counties addressing potential vulnerabilities more aggressively than others.
The leader of the pack seems to be Orange County, where four congressional contests in longtime GOP-held districts are being targeted by national Democrats in their effort to take control of the House of Representatives.
In April, Kelley released a 28-page "2018 Election Security Playbook" outlining new security protocols his office has implemented: from improving its ability to detect network intrusions and malware, to encrypting its emails, to enhancing building security, to implementing a third-party cybersecurity audit, to randomly testing its employees by sending them faux phishing emails and seeing if they bite.
The most substantial of the county's new fixes is its risk-limiting audit – a protection that verifies electronic tallies with an even higher degree of certainty by hand-counting a random sample of paper ballots, with the number of votes scrutinized corresponding to the margin of victory in a given race.
Kelley knows firsthand that malicious actors are constantly probing local voting systems.
Kelley said his office's defenses withstood the test, but he immediately worked to strengthen protections anyway.
"We've reevaluated every piece of the voting system and process, identified potential vulnerabilities, and made sure those are solid and secure," said Kelley, who serves on a recently created federal 25-member election security council.
In Los Angeles County, home to another one of the nation's most competitive congressional races, Logan has educated his staff on cyber threats by having them see firsthand how voting machines can be hacked.
Last year, he sent members of his team to DEF CON in Las Vegas, one of the world's largest hacker conventions. There, at something called the "Voting Machine Hacking Village," they watched white-hat hackers "go through and show the vulnerability of voting systems," a process that helped Logan's office identify its own potential shortcomings. Since the 2016 elections, the office has upgraded its malware protection and mandated cybersecurity training for staff. It soon will implement vulnerability-assessment and phishing exercises to further test its new systems.
"If we don't know those vulnerabilities, we can't respond to them," Logan said at the conference.
San Bernardino County Registrar of Voters Michael Scarpello was more cryptic about what he'd done to enhance election security in his jurisdiction.
Scarpello said his office had been working with federal agents and the county's IT department to harden its voting systems, website and local voter registration database from attack. He noted the effort was partially in response to a "heightened level of scrutiny, based on what's going on at a national level." Scarpello declined to identify any specific security system or protocol changes – and even refused to disclose the federal agency his office worked with.
And in Riverside County, election officials say the FBI and Department of Homeland Security are helping to monitor their network traffic and supplying a list of IP addresses to watch out for.
Since then, that version of events has been rebuffed by election officials. California Secretary of State Alex Padilla's office, which operates the state's voter registration database, said his office had no evidence that voter rolls were breached. And Spencer said her office had identified the cause of nearly all the voter roll changes, many of which occurred because voters simply forgot they had updated their information.
Despite all the recent upgrades to Southern California's election infrastructure, cybersecurity experts say most voting systems – even bolstered local ones – still have vulnerabilities.
Many Southern California polling places use 15-to-20-year-old voting machines with outdated operating systems that officials acknowledge are less secure than modern versions. While voting machines are tightly protected, some need to be programmed with a separate memory card, which, depending on the offices' protocols, could be a vehicle for malicious code. And experts say some voting machines are serviced by outside vendors with varying security protocols, sometimes via computers that might occasionally be connected to the internet, providing a pathway for attack.
Another feasible mode of attack, experts say, could target the state's voter registration system. Intruders might seek to change or delete portions of voter rolls in a way to deter citizens from voting – similar to what was alleged in Riverside County. To prevent such a breach, Padilla's office has buttressed its information systems in advance of the 2018 elections by conducting an agency-wide security audit, enhancing its server security and replacing antiquated infrastructure. The state also has implemented "increased 24/7 monitoring" to detect and block potential strikes.
"I think we're in a much better place in 2016 because we really have our antennas up," UC Irvine law professor Jack Lerner, who studies electronic voting, said of California's system.
Even if the elections systems are never breached, though, many election-security experts worry the intrusions and hacking attempts are damaging elections in a more intangible way.
Mary Beth Long, a former CIA intelligence officer and Assistant Secretary of Defense, said at the UC Irvine conference that a central aim of Russia's efforts is to foster distrust of the democratic process and amplify divisive dialogues by causing voters to think elections are able to be rigged.
"It sows discord, controversy and a real lack of confidence in our system… And that has a tremendous impact in how we conduct ourselves, and how we move forward with our elections," Long said.
That knowledge has put election officials and others in a delicate position when deciding whether or not to sound the alarm about potential election security threats and the need to safeguard and modernize voting systems. Tread too softly, and the fixes might never come. Announce the vulnerabilities too loudly, and you risk cultivating skepticism among voters.
"There are election officials who worry that if voters know what the risks are, they might not come to the polling place," said Alex Halderman, a University of Michigan computer scientist who in 2017 testified before U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence about cyber threats to U.S. elections.
"Although studies show that voters who are more aware of cybersecurity issues are just as likely to vote, I think there's a concern that even talking about these problems is somehow negative," Halderman said at the UC Irvine conference.
As they work to grow their newly legal industry, many in California's cannabis business are looking to grow their political clout.
And, at all levels of politics, candidates and backers of many causes are likely to help them do just that.
Jeff Bleich, Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor.
Once quick to say "I didn't inhale," California politicians today are quick to accept campaign contributions from donors with ties to marijuana commerce or the drug legalization movement. Since 2001, campaign finance records show, cannabis-connected donors have given more than $831,000 to people running for state offices, with about a third of the contributions coming over the past three years.
But that $831,000 is almost certainly just a fraction of what's been given. It doesn't count cannabis donations to local government leaders, or to people running for federal office. What's more, it's hard to track every contribution by every marijuana-minded donor.
With recreational marijuana now legal in California, observers wonder if cannabis will rival labor unions, developers and other traditional sources of campaign cash. Some look to the rise of Indian gaming money — which has become a powerful force in California politics — and see a possible template for cannabis.
Supporters of Proposition 64, the voter-approved 2016 ballot measure that legalized recreational cannabis, pumped $23.5 million into promoting the initiative.
Godwin sees the rise of a new era of cannabis in state politics.
Godwin and Rick Hasen, a UC Irvine law professor who specializes in elections, see parallels between marijuana and industries like alcohol and tobacco when it comes to campaign donations.
"They depend on government regulation to be able to proposer, so they participate in the political process by throwing money around," Hasen said.
The fact that marijuana remains illegal at the federal level gives industry insiders more incentive to influence state and local politicians, hoping to sway state and local cannabis regulations.
Perhaps the biggest cannabis industry player in California politics is Weedmaps, which runs a Yelp-like website that tracks marijuana shops. The Irvine-based company donates tens of thousands of dollars each year to candidates at the federal, state and local levels.
Fighting against marijuana prohibition has been "part of the company DNA" since the startup was founded 10 years ago, said Christopher Beals, Weedmaps' president and general counsel. Over the past five years, the company has developed a sophisticated lobbying team that drafts white papers on potential regulations, and tries to educate lawmakers across the United States, Canada and Europe.
Beals and Peterson said they generally donate to candidates who've been supportive of the cannabis industry so they can encourage them to continue that support and to make their voices heard.
"A big part of it is making sure we have access and we have the ear of policymakers so we can tell them what works and what doesn't work when it comes to regulations," said Peterson, who personally gave $30,000 to Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom's 2018 gubernatorial campaign. Newsom was a key promoter of Prop 64.
Those efforts aren't slowing now that California has opened its recreational cannabis market. "There are more issues to be solved going forward than I think are settled," Beals said, with concern over stringent lab testing standards, limited banking access and more.
Once marijuana businesses in California adjust to the evolving regulations, Peterson hopes to see an upturn in cannabis-backed political action.
Candidates for the state's top elected offices are courting cannabis-oriented money and voters.
During a recent cannabis investment forum in Santa Monica, guests heard a speech from Jeff Bleich, a former U.S. ambassador to Australia and Democrat candidate for lieutenant governor.
They also heard from State Treasurer John Chiang, who is running, as a Democrat, for governor. Chiang, who has been a guest at other cannabis conferences, is spearheading an effort to give the industry access to banking services.
In 2017, Weedmaps contributed $10,000 to his campaign for governor.
But perhaps the biggest beneficiary of cannabis industry support is Newsom, a Democrat who was the most high-profile figure to support Prop. 64.
More so than with most other businesses, local politicians have a great deal of power over how the cannabis industry develops in California.
Prop. 64 gave city and county leaders full authority to regulate the industry within their boundaries. Unless voters pass their own ballot initiative, city council members can decide how many businesses of which type can locate where, set restrictive hours of operation and more. And most cities are so far choosing to shut out the marijuana industry entirely.
A review of campaign finance records filed with city clerks across Southern California show marijuana industry donations at the local level.
In Santa Ana – the only Orange County city that allows marijuana shops – Councilman Vincente Sarmiento received more than $1,000 in donations from the industry in 2015 and 2016.
In 2017, the Santa Ana City Council voted to extend hours of operation for shops, lift signage restrictions and loosen other rules for the city's dispensaries. Sarmiento led those efforts.
In Compton, where marijuana businesses are banned, HerbalCure Hemp Seed Oil Company donated $500 to City Councilwoman Tana McCoy's 2017 election campaign.
In cannabis-friendly Culver City, ERBA dispensary owner Jay Handal donated $250 to council candidate Marcus Tiggs.
Marijuana donors also are rallying around Long Beach Councilwoman Jeannine Pearce, who faces a recall campaign. Cannabis interests are waiting for Long Beach to lift a temporary moratorium on recreational marijuana businesses in the city.
Adelanto, in San Bernardino County's high desert, was on the brink of bankruptcy when it started embracing the cannabis industry three years ago. This past summer, the city balanced its last budget on a pledge of cannabis industry tax payments.
Adelanto Mayor Pro Tem Jermaine Wright is now awaiting trial after he was accused in late 2017 of accepting a $10,000 bribe from an undercover FBI agent who said he wanted Wright's help to establish a marijuana distribution business in town.
Patterns of government corruption show that it's most likely to take place in smaller communities, said UC Irvine's Hasen, who noted that ever-shrinking media outlets are less likely to keep close tabs on what's going on in smaller cities.
Godwin, the University of La Verne professor, isn't sure how heavily marijuana – or the industry's campaign donations – will weigh on voters' minds.
"There might be a few communities where marijuana becomes a hot spot issue, depending on how much tax revenue is to be gained… or if problems develop with marijuana stores," she said.
With a recent Gallup poll showing support for marijuana legalization at a record-high 64 percent, Peterson said he believes candidates who continue to oppose or ignore the industry may be at risk for the first time during the mid-term elections this fall.
He hopes those candidates take notice, both of public opinion and of the money flowing from deep wallets to candidates who support a regulated cannabis industry.
TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras — President Juan Orlando Hernandez was declared the winner of Honduras' disputed election, but that did little to quell unrest from weeks of uncertainty as challenger Salvador Nasralla called for more protests Monday and the Organization of American States proposed a re-do of the vote.
The OAS, which sent election observers to the country, issued a statement saying it was impossible to determine the outcome with enough certainty due to irregularities including "deliberate human intrusions into the computer system, intentional elimination of digital traces," opened ballot boxes and "extreme statistical improbability regarding levels of participation within the same department," combined with the narrow vote differential.
"The only possible path for the winner to be the Honduran people is a new call for general elections. … Respecting democratic values and citizens is the necessary road to safeguard society from death and violence," the OAS said.
"The Honduran people deserve an electoral exercise that offers democratic quality and guarantees. The electoral cycle that the (Supreme Electoral Tribunal) gave as concluded today has clearly not been that," it added.
According to the court's official count, Hernandez won with 42.95 percent to 41.42 for Nasralla, who well before the announcement had challenged the result and said he would not recognize it.
There were reports of nighttime demonstrations on main boulevards in Tegucigalpa, the capital, and other cities, and Nasralla's party called for more protests Monday. At least 17 people have died in violent street clashes since the Nov. 26 election.
Earlier in the day, Nasralla traveled to Washington to present what he called "numerous" examples of evidence of alleged fraud. He said he planned to meet with officials from the OAS, the U.S. State Department and human rights groups.
Former President Manuel Zelaya, a Nasralla ally, called for civil disobedience.
In a statement, he urged police and the armed forces to "place themselves under the direction of President-elect Salvador Nasralla" and cease operations against the election protests.
But public updates of the count mysteriously stopped for more than a day, and when they resumed, Nasralla's lead steadily eroded and ultimately reversed in Hernandez's favor.
The electoral court recently conducted a recount of ballot boxes that presented irregularities and said there was virtually no change to its count. Since then, it had been considering challenges filed by candidates.
But corruption and drug trafficking allegations cast a shadow over his government, and his re-election bid fueled charges that his National Party was seeking to entrench itself in power by getting a court ruling allowing him to seek a second term.
Re-election has long been outlawed in Honduras, and Zelaya was ousted as president in a 2009 coup ostensibly because he wanted to run again himself. He later founded the party that ran Nasralla as its candidate.


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Sourcebook of Alternative Technologies for Freshwater Augmentation in some Asian Countries (UNEP-IETC, 1998)
Part E - Institutional profiles
The UNEP water branch
Danish hydraulic institute (DHI)
The UNEP Water Branch was established on 1 January 1996, with the consolidation of the former Freshwater Unit and the Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Center (OCA/PAC).
A main function of the Water Branch is to promote and facilitate integrated water management, focusing on rivers, lakes and other freshwater systems, groundwater, and the coastal and marine waters into which they ultimately drain, including their living resources. The Water Branch integrates UNEP's water activities across (i) physical boundaries, (ii) disciplines, and (iii) types of water (fresh and marine waters). Particular attention is directed to internationally-shared water systems, including promotion of mechanisms for enhancing international cooperation for their sustainable management and use, as well as assisting riparian countries to undertake trans-boundary diagnostic analyses and to develop comprehensive management action plans. The focus is on both the scientific and technical issues (water supply and demand, pollution sources, flora, fauna, etc.) And the social, economic, institutional, legal and political issues that fundamentally shape the way in which humans use their water resources.
The Water Branch is UNEP's focal point for its role as secretariat of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, including its Technical Coordination Office in The Hague, The Netherlands. The Water Branch also administers and supports UNEP's 13 Regional Seas Programme involving more than 140 coastal States throughout the world, as well as UNEP's activities in support of such initiatives as the Barbados Programme of Action for Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the International Coral Reef Initiative and the Global Plan of Action for the conservation. Management and Utilization of Marine Mammals.
The activities of the Water Branch reflect the objectives and goals of Chapters 17 and 18 of Agenda 21, as well as other chapters of Agenda 21 relevant to the sustainable management and use of water resources, and to the direction provided by UNEP's Governing Council. The Water B ranch supports activities of the International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) and the Office of Industry and the Environment (IE) of UNEP on matters related to the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies (EST's) aimed at water resource management. It also participates in inter-agency initiatives involving common UN agency water issues.
To address its tasks and responsibilities, The Water Branch brings together expertise in river and lake limnology, groundwater hydrology, hydrologic engineering, coastal zone management, marine biodiversity, resource economics, monitoring and assessment, environmental technology, environmental law, capacity-building and public awareness. It also works with partner UN agencies, inter-governmental bodies, and international and non-governmental organizations on integrated freshwater and coastal water resource issues.
Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) is a research and consulting organisation developing and applying advanced methods and technologies within hydraulic and water resources engineering.
DHI offers a broad spectrum of services, software tools and model test facilities related to offshore, coastal, port, river, water resources, urban hydraulics and environmental engineering.
For DHI, it has always been fundamental to establish a thorough understanding of the physics behind the hydraulic phenomena-and then develop the appropriate tools. DHI's consultancy work thus combines sound physical understanding with the most advanced methodologies available. Since the establishment in 1964, projects have been undertaken in more than 100 countries.
DHI is an independent self-supporting organisation. Affiliated to the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences, it is a member of a group of specialized institutes which cover a wide spectrum of applied technologies and engineering services. The DHI staff numbers 210 (1996) of whom 140 hold PhD or MSC degrees.
The Bangladesh Regional Office has been established since 1988 to cater for the needs of the Asian region and to transfer technology to Bangladesh.
Danish Hydraulic Institute
Bangladesh Regional Office
House No. 19; Road 120
Gulshan Daka
United Nations Environment Programme - International Environmental Technology Centre
Osaka Office
2-110 Ryokuchi koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 Japan
telephone: +81(0)6 915-4580
telefax: +81(0)6 915-0304
Shiga Office
1091 Oronoshimo-cho, Kusatsu-City, Shiga 525-0001 Japan
telephone: +81(0)77 568-4586
telefax: +81(0)77 568-4587
Email: ietc@unep.or.jp
IETC Homepage: http://www.unep.or.jp/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Arkhaven Comics
Dynamite Comics
Rumor: Greg Berlanti is Discussing Adapting the "52" Limited Series as the Next Big Arrowverse Event
HBO's Watchmen Season 2 Appears Dead in the Water - Not Officially Canned
Nekopara Anime Rated Poorly by Anime News Network Due to Sexual Themes
Mobius Final Fantasy Gacha Game to Cease Global Operations
John Cena Joins Cast Of Rise Of The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Katie Gregerson
WWE Superstar and 16-time world champion John Cena is not slowing down in his transition to Hollywood. He announced Wednesday that he's joined the cast of Nickelodeon's Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as the voice of Baron Draxon, a new villain created specifically for the 2D-animated series.
Cena made the announcement in a video uploaded to Nickelodeon's YouTube channel. Watch below.
Nickelodeon describes Baron Draxon as "an alchemist warrior mutant who seeks to turn all of humanity into mutants." He will be a recurring character who will debut in the show's debut episode later this year.
Cena will have a very busy 2018. In addition to announcing his role on Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, he also revealed that he's returning to host the Kids' Choice Awards and will premiere a new game show called Keep It Spotless, on which contestants have to "keep it spotless" in order to win. He's also starring as Agent Burns in the Transformers spin-off Bumblebee: The Movie, set for release December 21.
If all that isn't enough Cena will also still make sporadic appearances in WWE, with a main event match against The Undertaker at WrestleMania 34 in New Orleans.
Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will be Nickelodeon's second TMNT series, and it will take a different approach than most other adaptations. While Leonardo is typically depicted as the leader of the turtles, Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will have Raphael in the leadership role.
Nickelodeon's first TMNT series, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, ended in 2017 after five seasons.
What do you think about Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and the announcement of Cena's character? Share your thoughts and comments below!
John CenaNickelodeonRise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
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Katie Gregerson is a professional writer based in Northern Virginia. Some of her favorite things include "The Walking Dead," "Game of Thrones," WWE, and Funko Pop! Vinyl figures, especially the mystery minis.
New Rumor Details The Transformers That Will Appear in Bumblebee Sequel
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The Suicide Squad: More Set Photos Show John Cena, Idris Elba, and Viola Davis at a Prison
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Allie Hanley
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Research | Open | Published: 16 October 2018
Clinical evidence for respiratory insufficiency type II predicts weaning failure in long-term ventilated, tracheotomised patients: a retrospective analysis
Friederike Sophie Magnet1,
Hannah Bleichroth1,2,
Sophie Emilia Huttmann1,
Jens Callegari1,
Sarah Bettina Schwarz1,
Claudia Schmoor3,
Wolfram Windisch1 &
Jan Hendrik Storre ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-680X4,5
Journal of Intensive Carevolume 6, Article number: 67 (2018) | Download Citation
Patients who require a prolonged weaning process comprise a highly heterogeneous group of patients amongst whom the outcome differs significantly. The present study aimed to identify the factors that predict whether the outcome for prolonged weaning will be successful or unsuccessful.
Data from tracheotomised patients who underwent prolonged weaning on a specialised weaning unit were assessed retrospectively via an electronic and paper-bound patient chart. Factors for weaning success were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
Out of the 124 patients examined, 48.4% were successfully weaned (n = 60). Univariate analysis revealed that long-term home mechanical ventilation prior to current weaning episode; time between intubation and the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT); time between intubation and the first SBT of less than 30 days; lower PaCO2 prior to, and at the end of, the first SBT; and lower pH values at the end of the first SBT were predictors for successful weaning. Following multivariate analysis, the absence of home mechanical ventilation prior to admission, a maximum time period of 30 days between intubation and the first SBT, and a non-hypercapnic PaCO2 value at the end of the first SBT were predictive of successful weaning.
The current analysis demonstrates that the evidence for respiratory insufficiency type II provided by clinical findings serves as a predictor of weaning failure.
Weaning a patient off mechanical ventilation (MV) plays a key role in modern pneumology and long-term mechanical ventilation [1]. Three different categories of weaning have been established by Boles and colleagues: category 1: simple weaning, category 2: difficult weaning, and category 3: prolonged weaning [1]. These categories are defined according to the time and number of unsuccessful spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) the patient needs (after the first unsuccessful SBT) until he/she can be extubated; this process occurs under the condition of readiness to wean [1]. Here, prolonged weaning is defined as failure of at least three weaning attempts or requiring of > 7 days of weaning after the first SBT [1].
According to literature, 30–60% of patients are classified into the simple weaning category, 25–40% into the difficult weaning category, and 6–30% into the prolonged weaning category [2,3,4,5]. A new definition for weaning categories has recently been proposed, based on the fact that not all weaning patients can be classified according to the Boles criteria, for example, those who never underwent an SBT (i.e. successful self-extubation, no weaning attempt possible) [6]. For this purpose, the new classification is based on the amount of time required by intubated or tracheotomised patients to achieve weaning success or separation from mechanical ventilation, respectively, following the first separation attempt. This particular classification also defines prolonged weaning patients (category 3) as either successful or unsuccessful [6]. However, this new classification requires further evaluation.
Patients classified into the prolonged weaning group based on the Boles criteria form a highly heterogeneous group of patients. This is due to extremely different underlying conditions, differences in the leading cause of respiratory insufficiency type II, various underlying reasons for acute respiratory failure, and significant variation in the occurrence of co-morbidities that contribute to respiratory failure [7]. Since the outcome of weaning success differs considerably in these patients, it would be desirable to assess in advance whether a patient undergoing a prolonged weaning process (category 3) can ultimately be successfully weaned or not. To date, the evaluation of predictors for weaning success/failure in prolonged weaning patients has not been performed; therefore, the present study aimed to identify these factors.
Patient data collected between January 2009 and December 2011 were assessed retrospectively via electronic and paper-bound patient charts. All data were derived from patients who were treated in the weaning unit at the Department of Pneumology, Lung Clinic, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany. The local ethics committee ruled that no formal ethics approval was required in this particular case. Patients were included if they were already invasively ventilated via tracheostomy upon admission to the weaning unit and if they had at least one documented SBT whilst in the weaning unit. Orotracheally intubated patients were not included. All patients were admitted to the unit to identify and carry out the weaning process. They were either transferred to our weaning unit from an external hospital, from an external hospital via our own (=internal) ICU, from our internal ICU (after direct admission from the emergency department at our internal ICU), from the general ward, from a facility for long-term MV, or from the domestic setting if invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) had been established before.
Patients allocated to the simple and difficult weaning categories according to Boles et al. [1] were excluded from the study. If patients underwent weaning stints more than once during the observation period, only the first episode was analysed. Weaning was systematically performed according to the recommendations from the statement by Boles and colleagues [1] as well as to national guidelines on prolonged weaning [8]. Here, SBTs were performed using T-piece with successful SBT being defined according to the Boles criteria [1].
Patients were discharged from the weaning unit if weaning was successful or if weaning was suggested to be unsuccessful; here, unsuccessful weaning was established by the specialised treatment team including the senior physician.
The following data were assessed for each patient: demographic data; diagnosis at admission; most likely cause of respiratory failure according to medical history; pre-existing HMV and long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT); date of intubation; the first SBT/extubation or interruption to weaning; length of time between intubation and the first SBT (days); length of time between admission and the first SBT (days); duration of the first SBT (min), duration of weaning (days between the first SBT and extubation/weaning interruption); duration of hospital stay in the weaning unit (days); use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during weaning; arterialized blood gas analysis (earlobe) at admission (arterialized partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)), and before, and at the time of termination of the first SBT (='after the first SBT'); arterialized partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), PaCO2, pH); and haemoglobin (g/dl) at the time of the first SBT; as well as base excess (BE) and standard bicarbonate (HCO3−) at admission. Patients were classified at the end of the weaning period into either successful weaning (with or without NIV) or unsuccessful weaning (death or discharge with invasive ventilation) categories according to Boles et al. [1].
The effects of the following factors on weaning success were analysed: age (continuous, change per 10 years); sex (male, female); number of known previous diseases at time of admission (continuous, change per 1 disease); coronary artery disease (yes, no); congestive heart failure (yes, no); leading cause of respiratory insufficiency (pneumonia, sepsis, COPD, other); long-term HMV prior to current weaning episode (yes, no); time between intubation and the first SBT (cut-off ≤ 14 days and > 14 days as well as ≤ 30 days and > 30 days); length of time between admission to the weaning unit and the first SBT (continuous, change per 1 day); duration of the first SBT (cut-off of ≤ 60 min vs. > 60 min); PaCO2 > 45 mmHg at admission (yes, no); PaCO2 before the first SBT (continuous, change per 10 mmHg); PaCO2 > 45 mmHg before the first SBT (yes, no); pH before the first SBT (continuous, change per 0.1 units); PaO2 before the first SBT (continuous, change per 10 mmHg); PaCO2 after the first SBT (continuous, change per 10 mmHg); pH after the first SBT (continuous, change per 0.1 units); and PaO2 after the first SBT (continuous, change per 10 mmHg). Categorisation of factors was pre-specified without looking at the data. For the descriptive analysis, continuous data were summarised by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum, 25% quantile, median, 75% quantile, maximum, and the number of complete and missing observations. Categorical data were summarised using the total number of patients in each category, the number of missing values, and the relative frequencies, the latter of which were determined by dividing the number of patients in each category by the total number of patients with non-missing values.
The prognostic effect of the factors on weaning outcome was analysed with logistic regression models. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the effects were tested using the Wald tests. The factors were first analysed separately in univariate analyses. Factors showing an effect with p < 0.05 in the univariate analyses were next analysed simultaneously using multiple logistic regression models. One multiple regression model only included baseline factors before the first SBT, whilst another multiple regression model included baseline factors before the first SBT, as well as factors measured after the first SBT simultaneously. All analyses were exploratory, without former sample size planning. No adjustment for multiple testing was performed. All p values should be interpreted in a descriptive sense. All analyses were performed with Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.2).
Figure 1 presents the CONSORT flow diagram summarising the patient enrolment/assessment procedure (online data supplement). A total of 124 patients were included the analysis.
CONSORT flow chart of assessed patient charts
The basic demographic data from the whole cohort were as follows: 41.1% (n = 51) were female; median age was 71 years (interquartile range (IQR) 62–78 years); median BMI was 25.7 kg/m2 (IQR 21.6–33.1 kg/m2); and median count of known diagnoses at the time of admission was 5 (IQR 4–6), with most of the known diagnoses at admission being related to the respiratory system (n = 118), followed by the cardiac system (n = 90). Concerning metabolic status, median BE was 8.2 mmol/l (IQR 4.8–11.7 mmol/l) and median HCO3− was 31.7 mmol/l (IQR 28.8–34.1 mmol/l).
Further baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
Most patients (N = 97; 78.2%) had undergone prolonged weaning after being intubated and tracheotomised during treatment for acute respiratory failure, without a history of long-term ventilation prior to ICU treatment. Eleven (8.9%) patients had been on long-term NIV prior to acute respiratory failure followed by tracheostomy and underwent subsequent prolonged weaning, whilst 16 patients (12.9%) had been on long-term invasive ventilation and were submitted for re-evaluation of weaning following weaning failure prior to submission. Time courses of the different steps within the weaning process are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Time courses of the different steps within the weaning process
Weaning success rates at the time of hospital discharge were as follows: 48.4% were successfully weaned (n = 60), whereas 51.6% had not been successfully weaned by the time of discharge (n = 64).
Patient statuses at discharge as well as in-hospital mortality according to weaning outcome are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Patient statuses at discharge and in-hospital mortality
Univariate analysis
Patient characteristics, leading cause of respiratory failure, and the type of long-term ventilation prior to the current weaning episode assessed as weaning predictors are presented in Table 4.
Table 4 Assessment of patient characteristics, leading cause of respiratory failure, and long-term ventilation history as weaning predictors
There were no detectable effects of congestive heart failure (OR 1.10 [0.52, 2.34], p = 0.80) or coronary artery disease (OR 1.87 [0.87, 4.02], p = 0.11) on the probability of weaning success.
The mean length of time between intubation and the start of the weaning process is summarised with respect to the final weaning status in Table 5.
Table 5 Length of time between intubation and the first spontaneous breathing trial summarised with respect to weaning outcome
Patients who needed less than 30 days had a higher rate of weaning success, but no effect of 'time between intubation and the first SBT' was shown when a cut-off of 14 days was used (OR 0.60 [0.23, 1.58], p = 0.30). Similarly, there was no effect of 'time between weaning unit admission and the first SBT' on weaning success (OR 1.00 [0.83, 1.22], p = 0.98).
The median duration of the first SBT was 60 min (IQR 30–120) in successfully weaned patients compared to 43 min (IQR 20–120) in unsuccessfully weaned patients. Accordingly, the univariate analysis showed no difference with regard to the weaning success between patients with a shorter vs. longer duration of the first SBT (cut-off ≤ 60 min vs. > 60 min; OR 0.74 [0.36, 1.55], p = 0.43).
Table 6 contains the blood gas analysis during the SBT. These values demonstrate an impact on the weaning success rate of PaCO2 prior to, and at the end of, the first SBT, and of pH values at the end of the first SBT. In contrast, pH values prior to the first SBT, PaO2 values prior to the first SBT, and PaO2 values at the end of the first SBT did not show an effect on weaning when a significance level of 0.05 was set.
Table 6 Blood gas analysis during the SBT
Multivariate analysis of baseline factors for weaning success vs. failure revealed that the likelihood of successful weaning was increased when there was an absence of HMV (either invasive or non-invasive) prior to admission (p = 0.015), an intubation period of ≤ 30 days (p = 0.006), and a PaCO2 value < 45 mmHg prior to the first SBT (p = 0.011) (Fig. 2).
Multivariate analysis of baseline factors for weaning success vs. failure. PaCO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide, SBT = spontaneous breathing trial
A joint analysis of baseline factors and post-first SBT factors demonstrated that a lower PaCO2 value after the first SBT rather than before was more important for weaning success. A lower PaCO2 value after the first SBT (change per 10 mmHg decrease) increased the likelihood of weaning success vs. failure (p = 0.021), whereas PaCO2 levels prior to the first SBT had no effect when PaCO2 was included in the analysis, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
Joint multivariate analysis of baseline factors and post-first SBT factors. PaCO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide, SBT = spontaneous breathing trial
This is the first study to evaluate candidate parameters as outcome predictors of weaning in patients undergoing prolonged weaning (as defined by international consensus criteria [1]) from invasive mechanical ventilation via tracheal cannulae. The main findings were that the following factors are predictive of successful weaning: (1) absence of home mechanical ventilation prior to admission, (2) maximum duration of 30 days between intubation and the first SBT, and (3) a non-hypercapnic PaCO2 value at the end of the first SBT.
It is well established that weaning failure is associated with respiratory insufficiency type II [9,10,11]. Recent trials suggest that non-invasive detection of diaphragmatic dysfunction via ultrasound in patients undergoing a difficult or prolonged weaning process may predict weaning failure [12]. This also reportedly holds true for a longer stay on the intensive care unit [13]. Therefore, it appears plausible that patients who also present with clinical evidence for respiratory insufficiency type II have a higher risk of weaning failure than patients without clinical evidence for respiratory insufficiency type II. Most importantly, this pertains to patients who had pre-existing HMV therapy, since these patients were already treated for respiratory insufficiency type II prior to acute respiratory failure. Here, low PaCO2 values would hint at a sufficient respiratory pump function. The current data further supports that pre-existing HMV is an independent risk factor for unsuccessful weaning, apart from time of intubation until beginning of weaning. Furthermore, it is known that prolonged mechanical ventilation can lead to diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction—known as ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction [14,15,16]—and that these changes are related to the duration of mechanical ventilation [15]. Moreover, long-term mechanical ventilation is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality [17]. Taken together, these aspects support our observation that a shorter time period between intubation and the first SBT is in favour of a successful weaning outcome.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation can range from 14 [7] to 21 [18] days, according to different definitions. Based on this, two different time periods occurring between intubation and the first SBT (cut-off of 14 and 30 days) were chosen for analysis in the current study. It was found that mechanical ventilation was associated with a higher rate of weaning success in patients who underwent shorter periods of mechanical ventilation, albeit only when the cut-off was set at 30 days. This is likely explained by the fact that patients did not begin the weaning process during the first 14 days because during this time, it was mainly necessary to treat acute respiratory failure due to the severity of the underlying disease. This is also supported by a study showing that patients who were admitted to a respiratory ICU in 2005 generally were more severely ill than they used to compared in 1991 and that the clinical outcome of these patients has worsened over this time period [19].
Invasive HMV is of great socio-economic burden. In addition, recent trials have demonstrated that health-related quality of life can be severely impaired in patients receiving invasive HMV following weaning failure [20, 21]. As shown by the current trial, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation predicts weaning success. Therefore, ICU medicine should focus on avoiding prolonged mechanical ventilation and subsequent prolonged weaning. This requires modern treatment strategies including extra-corporal CO2-removal aimed at avoiding intubation or at reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation [22]. Furthermore, end-of-life decision making is also suggested to be important with regard to this discussion [8].
There are some limitations of the study which need to be addressed. Firstly, the study was retrospectively designed without sample size pre-planning; therefore, all results have to be interpreted in an exploratory context and require further prospective evaluation. Secondly, this is a single-centre study that only included tracheotomised (but not intubated) patients who were primarily non-surgical patients with underlying respiratory diseases. Therefore, the current analysis is only valid for this particular patient group and should be interpreted carefully if transferred to other patient groups undergoing prolonged weaning.
In conclusion, this retrospective study revealed that in patients with prolonged weaning, successful weaning was associated with the absence of home mechanical ventilation established prior to acute respiratory failure, with a shorter period of mechanical ventilation, and lower PaCO2 values after the first SBT. Therefore, the current analysis supports the notion that respiratory insufficiency type II that is defined by clinical findings is predictive of weaning failure.
AECOPD:
Acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ALI:
Acute lung injury
ARDS:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
CHF:
HMV:
Home mechanical ventilation
Interquartile range
LTOT:
Long-term oxygen therapy
Minimum value
PaCO2 :
Arterialized partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PaO2 :
Arterialized partial pressure of oxygen
Boles JM, Bion J, Connors A, Herridge M, Marsh B, Melot C, Pearl R, Silverman H, Stanchina M, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(5):1033–56.
Funk GC, Anders S, Breyer MK, Burghuber OC, Edelmann G, Heindl W, Hinterholzer G, Kohansal R, Schuster R, Schwarzmaier-D'Assie A, et al. Incidence and outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation according to new categories. Eur Respir J. 2010;35(1):88–94.
Penuelas O, Frutos-Vivar F, Fernandez C, Anzueto A, Epstein SK, Apezteguia C, Gonzalez M, Nin N, Raymondos K, Tomicic V, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of ventilated patients according to time to liberation from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(4):430–7.
Sellares J, Ferrer M, Cano E, Loureiro H, Valencia M, Torres A. Predictors of prolonged weaning and survival during ventilator weaning in a respiratory ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(5):775–84.
Tonnelier A, Tonnelier JM, Nowak E, Gut-Gobert C, Prat G, Renault A, Boles JM, L'Her E. Clinical relevance of classification according to weaning difficulty. Respir Care. 2011;56(5):583–90.
Beduneau G, Pham T, Schortgen F, Piquilloud L, Zogheib E, Jonas M, Grelon F, Runge I, Nicolas T, Grange S, et al. Epidemiology of weaning outcome according to a new definition. The WIND Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(6):772–83.
Schonhofer B, Euteneuer S, Nava S, Suchi S, Kohler D. Survival of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a specialised weaning centre. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(7):908–16.
Schonhofer B, Geiseler J, Dellweg D, Moerer O, Barchfeld T, Fuchs H, Karg O, Rosseau S, Sitter H, Weber-Carstens S, et al. S2k-Guideline "Prolonged Weaning". Pneumologie. 2015;69(10):595–607.
Carlucci A, Ceriana P, Prinianakis G, Fanfulla F, Colombo R, Nava S. Determinants of weaning success in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care. 2009;13(3):R97.
Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Pathophysiologic basis of acute respiratory distress in patients who fail a trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155(3):906–15.
Brochard L, Thille AW. What is the proper approach to liberating the weak from mechanical ventilation? Crit Care Med. 2009;37(10 Suppl):S410–5.
Flevari A, Lignos M, Konstantonis D, Armaganidis A. Diaphragmatic ultrasonography as an adjunct predictor tool of weaning success in patients with difficult and prolonged weaning. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(11):1149–57.
Lu Z, Xu Q, Yuan Y, Zhang G, Guo F, Ge H. Diaphragmatic dysfunction is characterized by increased duration of mechanical ventilation in subjects with prolonged weaning. Respir Care. 2016;61(10):1316–22.
Powers SK, Kavazis AN, Levine S. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters diaphragmatic structure and function. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(10 Suppl):S347–53.
Jaber S, Jung B, Matecki S, Petrof BJ. Clinical review: ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction--human studies confirm animal model findings! Crit Care. 2011;15(2):206.
Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, Friscia ME, Budak MT, Rothenberg P, Zhu J, Sachdeva R, Sonnad S, Kaiser LR, et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(13):1327–35.
Cox CE, Carson SS. Medical and economic implications of prolonged mechanical ventilation and expedited post-acute care. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;33(4):357–61.
Carson SS, Garrett J, Hanson LC, Lanier J, Govert J, Brake MC, Landucci DL, Cox CE, Carey TS. A prognostic model for one-year mortality in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(7):2061–9.
Marchese S, Lo Coco D, Lo Coco A. Outcome and attitudes toward home tracheostomy ventilation of consecutive patients: a 10-year experience. Respir Med. 2008;102(3):430–6.
Huttmann SE, Magnet FS, Karagiannidis C, Storre JH, Windisch W. Quality of life and life satisfaction are severely impaired in patients with long-term invasive ventilation following ICU treatment and unsuccessful weaning. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):38.
Huttmann SE, Windisch W, Storre JH. Invasive home mechanical ventilation: living conditions and health-related quality of life. Respiration. 2015;89(4):312–21.
Taccone FS, Malfertheiner MV, Ferrari F, Di Nardo M, Swol J, Broman LM, Vercaemst L, Barrett N, Pappalardo F, Belohlavek J et al: Extracorporeal CO2 removal in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol 2017, 83(7):762–772.
All participants are acknowledged for the effort they devoted to this study and Dr. Sandra Dieni for the helpful comments on the manuscript.
The Cologne study group (F.S.M., H.B., S.E.H., S.B.S., J.C., J.H.S., and W.W.) received an open research grant from Weinmann/Germany, Vivisol/Germany, Heinen und Löwenstein/Germany and VitalAire/Germany.
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Cologne Merheim Hospital, Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, 51109, Germany
Friederike Sophie Magnet
, Hannah Bleichroth
, Sophie Emilia Huttmann
, Jens Callegari
, Sarah Bettina Schwarz
& Wolfram Windisch
Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, St.-Josefs-Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
Hannah Bleichroth
Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
Claudia Schmoor
Department of Intensive Care, Sleep Medicine and Mechanical Ventilation, Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131, Gauting, Germany
Jan Hendrik Storre
Department of Pneumology, University Medical Hospital, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
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FSM performed the literature search and data collection and worked on the study design, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation. HB's contributions were as follows: literature search, data collection, working on study design, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation. SEH performed the literature search and data collection and contributed to the study design and analysis of the data. JC and SBS worked on the study design and manuscript preparation. CS worked on the study design, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation. WW contributed to the study design, data collection, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation. JHS performed the literature search and worked on the study design, analysis of the data, and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Jan Hendrik Storre.
The local ethics committee ruled that no formal ethics approval was required in this particular case due to its retrospective design (ethics committee of Ärztekammer Nordrhein, Düsseldorf, Germany).
All authors state that none of the discussed issues in the present article were dependent on or influenced by financial support or funding. F.S.M., S.E.H., J.C., J.H.S., and S.B.S. received personal travel grants from companies dealing with Home mechanical ventilation. W.W. and J.H.S. received speaking fees from companies dealing with home mechanical ventilation. C.S. had no conflict of interests.
Respiratory failure


text:
Sir Charles Solomon Henry, 1st Baronet (28 January 1860 – 27 December 1919) was an Australian merchant and businessman who lived mostly in Britain and sat as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons from 1906 until his death.

Family and education
Henry was born in Australia the son of J S Henry of Adelaide, South Australia. He was educated at St Marylebone and All Souls Grammar School in connection with King's College and at the University of Göttingen. On 3 March 1892, he married Julia Lewisohn of New York City, the daughter of Leonard Lewisohn (1847-1902) a wealthy American mining magnate. They had one son, Cyril, who held a commission in the Worcestershire Regiment (Special Reserve) and who was killed at the battle of Loos in September 1915.

Religion
Henry was Jewish. He participated in Jewish welfare societies and other associations. In 1911, he laid the foundation stone of a synagogue at Southend. He also took a leading role in the financing and organisation of the Soup Kitchen for the Jewish Poor.
In 1919 he was a prominent member of the organisation dedicated to the creation of a Jewish War Memorial to take the form of a fund of one million pounds for the endowment of Jewish religious education and the possible erection of a college for Jewish learning at Oxford or Cambridge.

Career
In 1882, Henry established the firm of C S Henry & Co. of London, metal merchants and copper importers of which he became managing director. The undertaking was converted into a Limited Liability Company in 1902. The venture was clearly a great success as by 1915 he was being described as a millionaire, and Frank Owen a biographer of David Lloyd George, wrote of Henry that he was a self-made man who had made a fortune in South Africa.

During the First World War he undertook a number of missions for the government accomplishing important work in the United States of America and Sweden. At his own expense he equipped a private home for wounded soldiers in Berkshire and promoted the welfare of British troops in other ways. Henry also had interests in journalism. He was to become one of the proprietors of the Westminster Gazette and later founded the newspaper the Jewish Guardian. Many prominent Jews opposed the establishment of a Jewish state, fearing this would lead to their co-religionists losing the citizenship of those countries where they and their forebears had long lived and prospered.

Politics

Chelmsford

At the general election of 1900, Henry was selected to fight the Chelmsford Division of Essex for the Liberal Party. At the time he was associated with the Liberal Imperialists, a centrist faction within the Liberal Party in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods. The Liberal Imperialists were in favour of a more positive attitude towards the development of the British Empire and Imperialism, ending the primacy of the party's commitment to Irish Home Rule. In domestic affairs they advocated the concept of 'national efficiency'. However Chelmsford was a safe Unionist seat, the previous member having been returned unopposed in 1895 and Henry's opponent was elected with a majority of 3,129 votes.

Shropshire MP

By 1905 it had become known that Sir A H Brown, the Liberal Unionist MP for the Wellington Division of Shropshire wished to stand down at the next election. Henry was selected to stand in the constituency at the 1906 general election. His opponent, Hildebrand Harmsworth, had the benefit of the public support of Liberal Unionist leader, Joseph Chamberlain, but Henry secured the support of David Lloyd George to speak in Wellington on his behalf. Henry won the seat with a majority of 1,692 votes.
Henry held his seat in a straight fight against the Unionists in January 1910 with a slightly reduced majority of 1,189 votes; and again in December 1910 this time by a majority of 1,118. The constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election and Henry switched his candidacy to the newly created seat of The Wrekin when he was returned unopposed as a supporter of the Coalition government.

Henry and Lloyd George

Both Henry's personal and political lives were intertwined with that of David Lloyd George. When Lloyd George formed his coalition government with the Conservatives in December 1916, Henry was one of those Liberals who stayed on the government side and he was generally identified as a strong supporter of the new prime minister but there was more than just political affinity between Henry and Lloyd George. Henry and his wife had been close to Lloyd George since at least the time of the death of his daughter Mair in 1907. Henry hosted a trip to Germany for Lloyd George in 1908 to allow Lloyd George, then recently appointed as Chancellor of the Exchequer, to study the invalidity insurance and contributory old age pensions which had been introduced there by Otto von Bismarck twenty-five years before. They also travelled together abroad socially to Nice and Monte Carlo and other European destinations.
The American Lady Henry had pretensions to be one of London's great political hostesses and Lloyd George often attended her functions in London and at their home at Henley-on-Thames, sometimes taking his son Richard with him. Lloyd George also attended Henry family occasions at Henry's London home at Carlton Gardens. It is not known for certain if Lloyd George and Julia Henry had an affair, although one of Lloyd George's biographers states that they did, adding that it was not serious on Lloyd George's part. However they certainly flirted together and corresponded privately with each other. Richard Lloyd George apparently thought his father could be in love with the "dark, tall and very attractive Lady J."  and that they were having an affair. Even King Edward VII was concerned that there had been a lot of gossip about Lady Julia and Lloyd George and this may have delayed her husband's getting his knighthood. Frances Stevenson certainly believed that Lloyd George had not only been close to Lady Henry but that Lady Henry herself was clearly in love with him, describing her as 'quite mad' about him. After Frances Stevenson started working for Lloyd George in 1911 and he began to become attracted to her, Lloyd George determined to stop any dalliance with Julia Henry. She was distressed by what she saw as a public snub and fled back to America, writing to her husband that she never wanted to be alone with Lloyd George again. It seems unlikely that Henry himself was aware of anything going on from Lloyd George's side. If anything he seems to have thought it was all in his wife's mind and believed she was exaggerating their relationship. It is also clear that Lady Henry's hurt feelings had a lot to do with the damage Lloyd George's rejection could do to her reputation as a political hostess.
Some reconciliation was affected in 1915 when Lloyd George visited the Henrys to show sympathy on the loss of their son in battle even though he was reluctant to do so because of the awkwardness arising from his previous relationship with Lady Henry and the strength of Julia Henry's feelings for him. Lloyd George also visited Henry when he was ill and dying in 1919, despite Lady Henry's making a scene and her trying to use his visits to her advantage with other members of the social set. However the final breach with Lady Julia came the year after Henry's death in recriminations over Lloyd George's alleged misuse of £20,000 donated by American friends of the Henrys for British war charities.

Political orientation
Henry appears to have stayed on the right of the Liberal Party throughout his political career. He was a member of the Council of the British Empire League. On one of the main policy questions of the day, he was opposed to the idea of votes for women being a member of the National League for Opposing Women's Suffrage. When the Bill making women eligible for election to Parliament was going through the House of Commons in 1918, Henry moved an amendment to ensure they should not be able to stand for Parliament until they had reached the age of 30 years, the same age as voting eligibility. He also favoured conscription, campaigning for it before its formal introduction during the war, being a signatory to the National Service Manifesto published in August 1915.

Honours and appointments
In the New Years Honours list for 1911, Henry became a baronet with the creation of the Henry Baronetcy, of Parkwood in the County of Berkshire. He also served as a Justice of the Peace for Berkshire.
During the War, Henry was appointed to a number of important committees as he was identified as a loyal and sound occupant of the Coalition Liberal benches. He was a member of Lord Balfour of Burleigh's committee on After-War Trade, which was charged with looking at the possible introduction of the metric system to replace Britain's existing coinage, weights and measures. He also sat on the Committee on Commercial and Industrial Policy, chaired by Lord Balfour of Burleigh. In July 1917, Henry was appointed to sit on the House of Commons Select Committee on Finance, chaired by Herbert Samuel. In 1918, Henry was chosen by the Minister of Munitions to chair a committee of inquiry into the staffing and conditions at the headquarters of the Ministry of Munitions and to suggest economies or improvements. Henry was also sometime president of the British Section of the Inter-Allied Parliamentary Committee.

Death
Henry died, aged fifty-nine, at his London home, 5 Carlton Gardens, SW1, on 27 December 1919. He had been ill for several months. His son having predeceased him, he had no heir and the Parkwood baronetcy became extinct. After cremation at Golders Green Crematorium, his ashes were buried at Willesden Jewish Cemetery on 31 December 1919.

References

External links

1860 births
1919 deaths
Australian Jews
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
Politics of Shropshire
Politics of the City of Chelmsford
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Australian recipients of a British baronetcy
People educated at St Marylebone Grammar School
Burials at Willesden Jewish Cemetery
Jewish British politicians
English justices of the peace
19th-century Australian businesspeople

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You are an insomniac who doesn't want to sleep. Sleep brings nightmares too real and too vivid. Images of tragedy in your past. What happens when you can no longer stay awake?
A short game with horror elements. Is not suitable for children due to violent themes.
WARNING: Save game has been disabled. It's short enough, you do not need to save it anyway!
Play with volume and with headphones. And in the dark if you dare.
1. Examine - 'x [object]' - many objects, especially those underlined and in bold.
2. Think about many objects - 't [object]' - as well, as new information may be revealed by doing so.
NOTICE: As the player, you determine your depth of understanding of the story. Thinking and examining things is all you need to do to move the story forward. This is not your traditional 'hunt & find' text adventure with a bunch of puzzles that need solving. It is more like a CYOA than my other games but hopefully you will enjoy it nonetheless.
Wow, this was really well done, bravo! I got chills during the game. While not much of a CYOA this was still fantastic. The font and colors mixed perfectly as to give off a creepy vibe but was still easy to read and the sound effects were superb. Not to mention the dark theme was, well dark like a proper horror story. :). I look forward to seeing more of your games.


text:
This is a registry for registering URLs with metadata. It has been developed with Meteor.
Currently it has three subregistries: mathcoach, sagecell and scripts.

Mail account data in server/smtp need to be adapted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


NadineWowSex . CelestPrad. Stason. LauraSofie.
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2002 Larson LXI 21'. Excellent running, operational and aesthetic conditions! See for yourself in person! Tons of storage. Spacious, comfortably seats 10. Comes with two canopies (one removable) and a trailer. Professionally winterized and stored indoors every single winter. Never left uncovered outdoors. Upgraded blutooth stereo and amp, bimini and sport top, Skylon wakeboard pole and rack, 220 horsepower, Volvo penta 5.0 inboard outboard. Easy to trailer, easy to launch, easy to keep in the water. A great boat to own!


Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver is a software for a computer to connect to a printer. Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver is available for free download on our website page.
Canon PIXMA MG2420 is genuinely a multipurpose high-quality All-in-One (AiO) Printing device to aid consumers in printing equally quality pictures as well as sharp and sharp text on your monochrome files. The printer system may set high-resolution outputs utilizing Canon FINE print head technology.
Canon PIXMA MG2420 can set maximum print resolution up to 4800 x 600 dots per inch. It sports a compact small body layout to be put on any desk in your home or workplace. It might send your black documents or documents as quickly as possible as fast as 8 pages per minutes while printing color files may be up to 4 pages a few minutes.
Canon PIXMA MG2420 includes 48-bit color depth scanning technologies using maximum scan resolution up to 600 x 1200 dots per inch resolution. The printing system also utilizes utilization 4-individual printer cartridge which might be readily replaced separately. The automated twist quiet and in printing mode may even be open to readily help you in the office.
Most of the common OS used these days is completely supported with all of the most up-to-date printer drivers available on our website. But, some printing machine companies do not give you the driver for few operating system that is not universally used. Below is the list of the available printer driver on this web for Canon PIXMA MG2420.
Find the perfect Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver for your operating system listed below then click on Download Here link at the right area of the table.
Hold on until eventually your Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver download activity is finished and then open your file directory that you save the Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver software on your computer, then simply double-click on it.
Follow the on-screen instruction provided up until the Complete/Finish button shows up and afterward your Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver has been set up fully.
Right simply click on your Windows start menu, and then click Control Panel option.
Find the Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver which you like to uninstall from the computer and click on Uninstall button or simply just double-click on the driver.
Follow the on-screen instruction until the Complete/Finish button shows up and your Canon PIXMA MG2420 driver has been uninstalled completely.


text:
Matthias Josef Fritsch (* 7. Mai 1967 in Neustadt an der Waldnaab) ist ein deutscher römisch-katholischer Philosoph.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur am Gymnasium Neustadt an der Waldnaab 1986 studierte er von 1987 bis 1993 katholische Theologie an den Universitäten Regensburg und Passau. Preisträger (3. Preis) der Dr.-Kurt-Hellmich-Stiftung an der Katholisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Regensburg wurde er 1992 für die Diplomarbeit "Geschichte als Horizont der Theologie. Das Problem der Offenbarung in der Geschichtstheologie Wolfhart Pannenbergs". Von 1994 bis 1997 war er wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Systematische Theologie (Philosophisch-Theologische Propädeutik) bei Ulrich G. Leinsle. Nach der Promotion 1997 an der Kath.-Theol. Fakultät der Universität Regensburg mit der Arbeit zum Thema "Vernunft-Offenbarung-Religion. Eine historisch-systematische Untersuchung zu Sigismund von Storchenau". Von 1997 bis 2002 war er wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Lehrstuhl für Systematische Theologie (Philosophisch-Theologische Propädeutik) bei Ulrich G. Leinsle. Nach der Habilitation 2001  für "Christliche Philosophie" an der Universität Regensburg ist er seit 2004 leitender Angestellter und stellvertretender Referatsleiter des Referates Schule/Hochschule der Diözese Regensburg. Seit 2009 lehrt er als außerplanmäßiger Professor für                                   Philosophisch-Theologische Propädeutik.

Weblinks

Webseite an der Universität Regensburg

Römisch-katholischer Theologe (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Regensburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1967
Mann
Absolvent der Universität Regensburg


Our September plogging event was a big success and a lot of fun! Collectively we picked up over 100 bags of trash on our 3 mile loop from the Stanley Marketplace, and we're once again plogging on the morning of October 27. Our friends from Runner's Roost Stapleton and Colorado Outward Bound will be joining us, too, and we hope you'll join us in this community building activity and effort. Micheladas will be on our post-plogging menu!
Today we introduce Beso de Vino, our new 10.5% ABV hybrid beer. Why hybrid, you ask? Belgian strong pale ale malt, New England style IPA hops, and wine yeast were used to create this aromatic, complex, and high gravity goodness. Beso de Vino translates to 'kiss of wine', a nod to the dry finish and wine notes that we hope you'll love as much as we do!
Cheluna Takes Bronze Medal in 2018 GABF!
What better way to bring home Great American Beer Festival bling than by collaborating with our Cheluna Homie Brewer Chris Cardillo for the Bronze medal? We are humbled by our medal and very proud to provide community opportunities for our local home brewers, like Chris, and many others. We're planning a May 2019 homebrewing competition, which gives you plenty of time to refine your favorite beer recipe, amigos! We are so grateful for Eric, Chris, and for all of your support. Stop in for a sip of La Bomba if you haven't already; we hope to see you muy pronto! Photo by Ross Wallace Check out the news here!
We are super stoked to introduce Eric Nichols, brewer extraordinaire and fiancee of sous chef at Annette! Eric's love for fermentation began in college when he first made wine in his college dorm room. Despite studying and working in Finance for a few years, Eric fell back into love with yeast and received formal brewing education from the Siebel Institute. After a stint at various other breweries such as Black Shirt, Avery, and Beryl's, he has joined our team here at Cheluna!
La Cruda Brunch + Events, Patio, and OmFest!
Great American Beer Festival this year coincides with the start of Octoberfest, and on Saturday, September 22 we'll offer brunch from Fritanga's at 11:00am. We hope you're able to stop in for our 'la cruda' brunch ('la cruda' is Spanish for 'hangover'). Rumor has it we'll have another new beer on tap before then, too!
We hope to see you during the Stanley Arts Festival, the Sazza Farm-to-Table dinner – or any time, for that matter! We're please to let you know that work on El Patio has finally begun, and may actually open in September - patiencia!
Additionally, our amiga Lora McKelvey, who's hosting OmFest this month, will begin offering yoga at Cheluna twice a month in October! Read more about OmFest here, and stay tuned for more details related to our Weekend Unwind Yoga at Cheluna.
Come plogging with us on Tuesday, September 11 from 5:30-7:30pm! Read more about plogging and its origins below, and about our plogging event here. Join us as we clean up and connect through this service opportunity!
"Plogging is a combination of jogging with picking up litter (Swedish: plocka upp). It started as an organised activity in Sweden around 2016 and spread to other countries in 2018, following increased concern about plastic pollution. As a workout, it provides variation in body movements by adding bending, squatting and stretching to the main action of running."
Join us for an evening of "Plocka upp" and half off pint beer for our runners at Cheluna Brewing Company. Three things we love all in one place!!
Octoberfest starts September 7 at Cheluna, with the release of our delicious Märzenbier. You can read more about this German beer right here.
There is limited availability of our German steins with the Cheluna logo, for sale in our taproom and perfect for enjoying your favorite chela!
With summer well under our belts we are excited about International IPA day, which is Thursday, August 2. To celebrate, we're creating five one-off versions of our popular Pálida IPA that we think you're going to love. The first of these sixtels (a sixtel is 1/6 the size of a normal keg of beer, and holds about five gallons, or about 40 pints of beer). We will release one new sixtel of the five different varieties of IPA each day, beginning Thursday, August 2. Stop in a try a pint; you're in for a treat! Monday, August 5, will be the final day of our Five Days of IPA, and as always, please stay tuned to our social media for details related to the varieties.
La Bomba – Coming Mid-August!
Mid-August will bring the release of our Great American Beer Festival Pro-Am competition beer, which we brewed with one of our Cheluna Homie Brewers, Chris Cardillo. Chris began brewing 3 years ago, and after he and his brewing partner knocked out 27 brews in 12 months, he knew that brewing beer was a serious hobby. Chris attended the inaugural Cheluna Homie Brewers meeting and is stoked to be a part of this year's GABF Pro-Am Competition as part of team Cheluna. For Chris, homebrewing is a near-perfect mix of creativity and science, and he enjoys the challenge of refining his beer making skills.
La Bomba Belgian Blonde is based on a gold medal winning beer that Chris entered in the Halfpenny Brewing Homebrew Competition in May. La Bomba is a crisp, refreshing blonde ale with Belgian yeast character and a hint of orange, coriander, and cardamom. Stay tuned to our social media outlets for our release of La Bomba, and perhaps you'll get to meet Chris in our taproom and share a pint with him!
Wondering about our beer shed on the West Stanley patio? The wait is almost over! We are working every day to make the patio, which we lovingly refer to as 'El Patio', a reality. We owe a great deal of thanks to Stanley JV, the City of Aurora, and the State of Colorado, for helping us plough through the process of licensing El Patio de Cheluna out back. The process of opening our taproom inside of Stanley was a great lesson in patience, tenacity and persistence, and we are sure that it's not only going to be worth the wait, but that you're going to love El Patio, too!
Sand Creek Volunteer Day - After Party!
At noon on August 11 we are hosting the after party for the Sand Creek Volunteer Day, which you can read more about here. Held in conjunction with our friends at Runners Roost Stapleton and Sand Creek Regional Greenway, this is a great opportunity for families spend a morning volunteering, exercising and having fun together.
One of our favorite musical acts, Rudy Grant, is donating their time and talent to provide the entertainment in our taproom afterward, where you can enjoy a pint of beer or kombucha, and a portion of the proceeds will be given back to Sand Creek. ¡Órale!


text:
Cierra Alexa Ramírez (9 de marzo de 1995) es una actriz, modelo y cantante estadounidense. Es conocida principalmente por interpretar el papel de Mariana Adams-Foster en la serie de Freeform, The Fosters.
Ella es de origen colombiano y mexicano.

Vida personal
Cierra nació en Houston ciudad del estado de Texas, Estados Unidos. Su padre es colombiano y su madre es mexicana.

Carrera

Música
La música le permitió hacer su debut en televisión cuando tenía 10 años interpretando un trozo de la canción de "Apollo Kids Star of Tomorrow" del programa televisivo estadounidense Showtime at the Apollo. La artista ha firmado para la compañía de música Tribeca. Ha actuado en el acto de apertura de varios números musicales, incluyendo Earth Wind and Fire, Chicago y Ruben Studdard. También es mexicana. El 20 de junio de 2016, sacó su primera EP, "Discreet".

Jlin

Actuación
En 2007, Cierra interpretó un papel recurrente de la serie de Disney Channel, Hotel Dulce Hotel: las aventuras de Zack y Cody, llamado Jasmine que era una joven campista con problemas para controlar la ira. También interpretó el papel de Kathy en Vida Secreta de una Adolescente, una novata embarazada que entra en el capítulo 100 de la serie.

En el 2012, Cierra actuó como protagonista en la película Girl in Progress, por la que recibió un premio a actriz favorita en los premios ALMA.

En 2013 comenzó a interpretar su actual papel como Mariana Foster en la serie The Fosters de la cadena Freeform. Su personaje es una estudiante sobresaliente que tiene un hermano mellizo, ambos fueron adoptados por una pareja de lesbianas en una familia multiétnica. La serie salió el 3 de junio en 2013 y en enero de 2017 Freeform la renovó para una quinta temporada. En 2019 renovó el papel de Mariana Adams-Foster en la serie Good Trouble.

Filmografía

Películas

Televisión

Referencias

Mexicano-estadounidenses
Actrices de Estados Unidos
Cantantes femeninas de Estados Unidos
Modelos femeninas de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Houston


As I said here, wait until the night itself. It was good advice. Adlington came across as rather dull. She also looked terrible which also isn't a great vote winner. Hoy was the consumate gentleman whilst Hamilton is just too much of a robot to enamour the public into picking up the phone.
The regional vote also played a part in my opinion. I am kicking myself for not acting on this obvious factor. Well done to Chris Hoy though.
Personally, I didn't bet in the end on the main event - just didn't fancy it in the end. The Overseas Personality was annoying (poor research on my part in not checking who votes) but Young Personality was a nice win.
One thing to remember for next year is that the main contenders odds dived when they were on the show, they then returned to pre-interview levels quickly. A cracking future trading opportunity if ever there was one.


text:
Worldcryptoafrica > Featured > Indian crypto exchange CoinSwitch Kuber raises $25 million in Series B funding from Tiger Global
Indian crypto exchange CoinSwitch Kuber raises $25 million in Series B funding from Tiger Global
April 22, 2021 by Kofi Ahmed
Indian crypto exchange CoinSwitch Kuber has raised $25 million in a Series B funding round.
Indian crypto exchange CoinSwitch Kuber has raised $25 million in Series B funding from Tiger Global.
CoinSwitch is witnessing a "hyper-growth" stage, its chief business officer Sharan Nair told The Block.
The round was backed by a single investor — Tiger Global Management — marking its first investment in an Indian crypto firm. Tiger invested at a valuation of over $500 million, said CoinSwitch.
CoinSwitch's Series B comes just three months after it raised $15 million in Series A led by Ribbit Capital and Paradigm. When asked why raised again so soon, Sharan Nair, the chief business officer of CoinSwitch, told The Block that the exchange is witnessing a "hyper-growth" stage and needed funds to "quickly scale and attain greater growth and reach to the likes of Coinbase."
It is worth noting that Tiger Global is an investor in Coinbase who poured in $500 million in the U.S. crypto exchange operator in October 2018. Nair told The Block that Tiger would provide its expertise to CoinSwitch as it did to Coinbase on its growth plans.
With fresh capital at hand, CoinSwitch looks to scale its platform from technology and security viewpoints, grow its team and its user base.
CoinSwitch claims to have 4.5 million users currently and aims to onboard 10 million more users by the end of this year. As for growing its team, the exchange looks to more than double its headcount from current around 135 to around 300 in the near future, Nair told The Block.
"We are hiring in tech and product functions mostly," he said.
CoinSwitch also plans to set aside a "substantial sum" towards brand building and increasing awareness around cryptocurrencies. Further, the exchange looks to offer trading in other asset classes. When asked if equity is on the list, Nair told The Block that "most common asset classes" are under consideration, but the plan is still "very early in the evaluation stage."
"We would explore more asset classes so users can diversify their investments in the right balance," he said.
The Series B brings CoinSwitch's total funding to date to over $40 million and its post-money valuation to $525 million, Nair told The Block.
CoinSwitch's raise comes at a time when India is reportedly looking to ban cryptocurrency usage. Nair recently told The Block that CoinSwitch is hoping the Indian government won't take such a move, but it is "preparing for the worst."
If a ban is enacted, "the only option we would have left is to move our base and serve a different country altogether," he told The Block last month.
Source: TheBlock


As a flagship showroom, they are equipped to accommodate custom requests including size, materials finish, fabrics, and color, allowing the client to best express themselves within the directional design of Camerich. Additionally, the showroom will host a Hering Berlin shop in shop dedicated to Berliners Stefanie Hering and Wiebke Lehmann's beautiful porcelain creations. Along with their stunning, detail oriented objects, the showroom will also stock the full range of plating and serving ware, making the collection perfect for not only residential but also larger hospitality projects: the plates and serving dishes are already used in Michelin-starred restaurants around the globe.
Camerich San Francisco will be continuing the relationship that Camerich Los Angeles has with Atelier Areti, and will boast an expanded selection of both lighting and furniture from the collection, with customization being available and encouraged. As an exclusive to the Camerich San Francisco location, there will also be a full representation of the outdoor furniture collection from Gloster. Michael, Stephen, and Budi have all had Gloster outdoor pieces for years, so when the opportunity came to carry an outdoor collection, and show it in a dedicated space, they all knew instantly that it should be Gloster and its chic, organic minimalism.
To fully communicate a modern lifestyle, Budi, Michael and Stephen know unique accessories are an important part of telling the story. The collections that they carry speak to the special nature of the showroom: Bosa's high design Venetian ceramics, GUAXS' limited edition glass objects, miinu's artfully expressive and expertly crafted rugs, and Vanessa Mitrani's elegant and experimental glass pieces. Each collection is curated to stand on its own, and act as accent pieces to the Camerich collection, allowing clients to design and furnish projects from beginning to end.


Today's "Wordless" Wednesday inspired by this No Time for Flashcards Valentine's Day collage, though there is a more recent shamrock collage as well.
Special art supplies? Bah. Let's use leftovers and recycling (i.e., trash).
Dedicated art space? ... Um, how about the couch?
Sprinkling glitter star confetti. I bought this confetti an eon ago to put into letters.
No one enjoys getting confetti in letters, I soon found out.
They look almost like my inspirations, yes?
And this, my friends, is why I don't run a craft blog. Fortunately, my 2-year-old doesn't know the difference and keeps asking to cut and glue. Thanks for the inspiration, Allie!
I have a few of those around the house. I love how much little kids get into crafts.
Looks so fun, we should try it at our house!
I think those collages are very crafty indeed!! Cute kid pics, too.
This is such a good idea! Might have to do that today - I've got a couple littles to entertain and they love their crafts.
very very cute! I love it.
If you want more glue ideas, we did drizzling glue on black paper cut in a circle like a plate, then breaking spaghetti on it, then more glue drizzle and then sprinkle sparkles on it (like parm. cheese!).
it's perfect for small toddlers. When older we did breaking the spaghetti and spelling letters with them (with glue on black paper).
Your collages are great! We are most definitely going to try some with the huge bag of ribbon I've been saving!


text:
This project has been abandoned.

---

# AllAuth.Desktop

[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/iy987c5b8mvpso9a?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/MrLunar/allauth-desktop)

This is the desktop application for AllAuth, a personal login manager. Visit [AllAuthApp.com](https://allauthapp.com) to learn more.

See https://github.com/bowmark/allauth.lib for shared components such as the crypto library.

## Security

Please contact security@allauthapp.com to report any security vulnerabilities ([PGP Key CBE6ED5C](https://sks-keyservers.net/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xEFB3FC7ACBE6ED5C)).

## Prerequisites

- Git
- For Windows: Visual Studio 2015 (Community edition is fine)
- For other platforms: mono-devel >= 4.2

## Building

First, setup the project (the following commands work in both CMD and bash):

```shell
  mkdir AllAuth
  cd AllAuth
  git clone https://github.com/bowmark/allauth.lib.git Lib
  git clone https://github.com/bowmark/allauth.desktop.git Desktop
  cd Desktop
```

You can build the project via the Windows command prompt:

```shell
  build debug
```

or bash (e.g. MinGW, Git Bash):

```shell
  ./build.sh debug
```

or you can open the `AllAuth.Desktop.sln` solution file in Visual Studio 2015 where you can build and debug the project.

## Platforms

The desktop app is designed to run on Windows, Mac OSX and Linux, therefore all code and dependancies must be Mono compatible.

The lib is also used in the mobile applications, so all lib code must be portable.

Releases are currently only built against the .NET 4.5 profile, but can run on Mono. Future releases may be built against a mono profile for non-Windows platforms, but we'll consider this if stability becomes an issue.


This blog is intended to be a NWOBHM vault. I will try to add all the stuff I can except from the big four (Maiden, Saxon, Def Leppard and Venom). If you are a member of one of the bands here in the blog and you don't want your music to be published just email me and I'll remove the link. Enjoy!
Nice one - thanx again!
Hey man, can i have the password?
Incredible site i must say!!