Today we�re in the nave of Winchester cathedral, magnificently remodelled by William of Wykeham in the early 15th century. Not surprisingly however this is not Winchester for us, but St. Paul�s cathedral in London. St Paul�s � old St. Paul�s that is � was gutted in the great fire of London in 1666 and then demolished to make way for the present cathedral so we can�t film in the real location.
Cathedrals, indeed all ancient buildings often seem unchangeable but this is not the case. They adapt to reflect their time, being remodelled (like Winchester) or sometimes even demolished (like St. Paul�s). Yet in films we often see vistas from the past as complete, finished and all of one period. So Tudor London is all half-timbered houses, Mediaeval castles are all gloomy and stone. In The Golden Age we�re trying to get away from that, so the St. Paul�s that Elizabeth walks into is a building site, filled with scaffolding and masons. This reflects firstly the fact that Elizabethan London wasn�t a finished Tudor �set� but an organic city made up of buildings of all periods � often being demolished and replaced (in an era before planning controls or English Heritage). Secondly it reflects the later fate of St. Paul�s itself which was badly damaged in 1561 (when it�s spire collapsed following a lightning strike) and the progressive stripping of Catholic iconography from the building in the wake of the Reformation. This is a London being made and remade � as London always has been and still is.
As a lover of ancient cathedrals I was interested in that aspect of Elizabeth, which was made partly in Durham Cathedral (probably one of the most beautiful cathedrals in England). I was wondering how you filmed de scene in York Minster where Elizabeth was crowned. How did you get rid of the organ screen between nave and quire?
It's good to read that real-life complexity and mutability are deliberately being designed into Golden Age.
In Elizabeth, I'd guess this was done, too (no one wrote about it, so it's just a guess). For example, the scene of Elizabeth in her dance class outside presents an overwhelming contrast between the glorious clothing the ladies are wearing, and the rough field setting for the class. What this tells me each time I watch it, is that Elizabeth and her ladies were real, whole, imperfect human beings, despite the geat privileges they had that allowed them to dress so well and have dance classes, instead of wearing homespun wool, feeding pigs, weaving, washing, etc., as most other women of the age might have had to do.
I still watch Elizabeth at least once a year. The complexity allows me to experience new details and levels and views of the story. The complexity also mixes humanity with history in away that brings the story alive each time I watch it again.
So…I can't wait to see Golden Age!!
Good question Anne, I wonder if they used drapery?
Anne – if memory serves we hid the organ at York using computer graphics. It was a big graphics sequence as we had to use computers to replicate the crown to make it big enough to fill the nave. I think we also used graphics to 'paint out' the organ.


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VIP Limousine Swiss team are experts at Meetings & Events transportation. We are able to manage all aspects of corporate transportation. Tours, financial roadshows, events and corporate hospitality events. Any of the services we offer can be tailor made to our clients specific needs.
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Our Counter Fraud Specialist deals with all reports of suspected fraud in the strictest confidence. You will be informed of the progress of the investigation and you will not suffer any recriminations from voicing reasonably held suspicions.


text:
Q: How to use the Interface in another component? (getting error) Why I am getting this error,
I am setting my constructor in componentA like this,
constructor(
     private aaaa: AAAA
     .
     .
     .
     private customizePayload: CustomizePayload
 ){}

this CustomizePayload is in the model.ts class
export interface CustomizePayload {
    itemId: string;
    itemVersion: number;
    locale: string;
    originalItemId: string;
    originalItemVersion: number;
    programId: string
    programNames: string[];
    targetMode: string;
    }

When I run my app locally I am getting this error:
vendor.js:2 Uncaught Error: Can't resolve all parameters for ContentRowComponent: ([object Object], [object Object], [object Object], [object Object], [object Object], ?).

Basically, I want to use the CustomizePayload interface and set its attribute values in componentA.

A: That's not the correct way to add an interface to a component. You're injecting it as if it were a dependency, which it's not.
Remove what you have from the constructor and import it into your component like this:
import { CustomizePayload } from 'app/_models/customize-payload.model';
Or wherever it is in your app.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Google charts - Stacked Bar Chart. How to introduce different colours within each bar I am creating a stacked bar chart using google api. Each bar will consist of 3 "slices" representing Negative, Neutral and Positive feedback we received.
my data and options code looks as follows:
 data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
              ['Category', 'Negative', 'Neutral', 'Positive', ],
              ['icon', 10, 800, 5],
              ['colour', 5, 5, 5],
              ['copy', 5, 5, 5],
              ['navigation', 5, 5, 5]
            ]);
        };
   options = {
        isStacked: true,
        width: '100%',
        height: 400,
        hAxis: {title: 'Category', textStyle: {bold : true, fontSize: 24}, titleTextStyle: {color: 'White'}},
        vAxis: {title: 'Responses', textStyle: {bold : true, fontSize: 24}, titleTextStyle: {color: 'White'}},

        };
  var chart = new google.charts.Bar(document.getElementById('categoryChart'));

        chart.draw(data, google.charts.Bar.convertOptions(options));

I have been trying to address that by adding an array like this to options
colors:['red','blue', 'green'].

to options but that only picks the first colour (red) and applies it to whole bars (slices are just separated by gradient).
Any tips how to control the colours of each part of the bar chart?
Best,
Adam

A: It's possible to change the color style like this :
data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Category', 'Negative', 'Neutral', 'Positive', { role: 'style' }],
          ['icon', 10, 800, 5, '#b87333'],
          ['colour', 5, 5, 5, 'silver'],
          ['copy', 5, 5, 5, 'gold'],
          ['navigation', 5, 5, 5, 'color: #e5e4e2']
      ]);

Update :
The problem occur in this line :
var chart = new google.charts.Bar(document.getElementById('categoryChart'));

You using google.charts.Bar instead of google.visualization.ColumnChart
Working example :

google.load('visualization', '1', {
    packages: ['corechart', 'bar']
});
google.setOnLoadCallback(drawBarColors);

function drawBarColors() {
    var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        ['Category', 'Negative', 'Neutral', 'Positive'],
        ['icon', 10, 100, 5],
        ['colour', 5, 5, 5],
        ['copy', 5, 5, 5],
        ['navigation', 5, 5, 5]
    ]);

    var options = {
        isStacked: true,
        width: '100%',
        height: 400,
        colors: ['red', 'blue', 'green'],
        hAxis: {
            title: 'Category',
            textStyle: {
                bold: true,
                fontSize: 24
            },
            titleTextStyle: {
                color: 'White'
            }
        },
        vAxis: {
            title: 'Responses',
            textStyle: {
                bold: true,
                fontSize: 24
            },
            titleTextStyle: {
                color: 'White'
            }
        },

    };

    var chart = new google.visualization.ColumnChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
    chart.draw(data, options);
}

Reference

*

*Google Chart Docs Gallery BarChart


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text:
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Indoor Wi-Fi
The Library offers Wi-Fi service throughout the building during regular operating hours. Support is available for 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) connections over both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. To connect, simply join the network "VPPL" from your laptop, tablet, smartphone, or other Wi-Fi-enabled device. There is no password required.
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The Library also offers public Wi-Fi Internet access in the parking lot. This service is currently available 8:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. daily. To connect, park your vehicle close to the building in the parking lot on the north side of the Library. Connect to the network named "VPPL-Outdoor" using the network password "tigerking305". If you are outside of your vehicle or on foot, please maintain social distancing with other patrons using the service during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When exporting a database using the data export tool, it sets the following flag on mysqldump: --default-character-set=utf8. This causes my databases (which are utf8mb4) to not be dumped properly. There's currently no way to change this. Could we get some way to configure this and/or defaulted to utf8mb4?


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Sam Manekshaw is revered as a fearless patriot and country's best-known soldier.
New Delhi: Sam Manekshaw, India's First Field Marshal, was born on April 3, 1914. Today is his 104th birth anniversary. Born as Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, he was famously referred as Sam Bahadur. He began his service in the British Indian Army in World War II, for which he won the Military Cross for gallantry. Known for his commanding leadership, Sam Manekshaw's distinguished military career spanned four decades in which he participated in five wars. He died at the age of 94. The swashbuckling general is revered as a fearless patriot and country's best-known soldier. When former prime minister Indira Gandhi asked him if he was ready to go to war with Pakistan over Bangladesh in 1971, he reportedly replied, "I am always ready, sweetie."
Give me a man or a woman with common sense and who is not an idiot and I assure you can make a leader out of him or her.
Professional knowledge and professional competence are the main attributes of leadership. Unless you know, and the men you command know that you know your job, you will never be a leader.
The primary, the cardinal attribute of leadership is professional knowledge and professional competence. Professional knowledge has to be acquired the hard way. It is continuous study and you never acquire it in today's fast-moving technological world that you are living in. You have to keep up with your profession whatever you are in.
A 'Yes man' is a dangerous man. He is a menace. He will go very far. He can become a minister, a secretary or a Field Marshall but he can never become a leader nor, ever be respected. He will be used by his superiors, disliked by his colleagues and despised by his subordinates. So discard the 'Yes man'.
One thing remains the same, your task and your duty. You are required to ensure the security of this country against any offence. What is that means for you? That means, that you should have to fight, a fight to win. There is no roof for losers, if you lose don't come back.


This beautiful lodge style Pine Forest Rustic Chandelier is finished in rust and topped with a forest of tall green pine trees. Handcrafted in USA .
This beautiful lodge style Pine Forest Rustic Chandelier is finished in rust and topped with a forest of tall green pine trees.


text:
Q: Что за Команда sudo apt-get install software-properties-common sudo apt-get install software-properties-common  что она ставит?

A: Как описано в apt-show software-properties-common

Это программное обеспечение обеспечивает абстракцию используемых репозиториев apt.
  Это позволяет вам легко управлять своими
  дистрибутивами и независимыми поставщиками программного обеспечения.

На практике это означает, что он предоставляет некоторые полезные скрипты для добавления и удаления PPA:
$ dpkg -L software-properties-common | grep 'bin/'
/usr/bin/add-apt-repository
/usr/bin/apt-add-repository

плюс резервные копии DBUS, чтобы сделать то же самое с помощью программного обеспечения и обновлений GUI.
Без него вам нужно будет добавлять и удалять репозитории (например, PPA) вручную путем редактирования /etc/apt/sources.list и / или любых вспомогательных файлов в /etc/apt/sources.list.d


text:
MORSE CODE TIDBITS
Mike KL7R in Juneau notes a Little Known Fact: 73 + 88 = FB (in hex)
CW Bandwidth = wpm X 4 (e.g., 40 WPM = 160 Hz)
Telegraphy operators developed a shorthand for commonly used phrases and words which have since become part of our language. Newspaper reporters still mark the end of their copy with 30, the morse code for "I have no more to send."
Amateur Radio Operators send 73 -- the code for best wishes.
There is good reason to believe that O.K. was first used in telegraphy -- as early as the 1840s, it was listed in telegraphy manuals -- O.K. was "That is correct."
The first Morse machines scribed the dots and dashes on a moving strip of paper. Operators of the day found that they could decode the sound of the scriber by ear, so the scribing machines were scrapped.
Several codes have been devised in the past, notably American or landline and International or Continental. American Morse was used by railroads, Western Union, and other utilities in North America. It was superceded by International Morse which was used in Europe for the trans-Atlantic cable. Because the British Marconi Company supplied most of the early shipboard operators, International Morse became the standard for radio telegraphy.
An early telegraphic scheme before morse used 26 wires -- one for each letter of the alphabet!!! Originally, two wires were used for telegraphs, later when they found one tied to ground worked just as well -- only one wire was strung.
SOS was originally proposed as SOE by the Germans. A committee decided otherwise -- due to the possible loss of a single dit (E)
Early telegraphic CQ was a general call -- hey every one listen up type of thing.
MORE LATER 73 Rod Compiled from several sources including "Two Hundred Meters and Down" by Clinton B. Desoto --- great reading.
Subject: CW Notes With Character
by George F. Franklin, W0AV Kansas City, Missouri
Back in the thirties, when I got started in ham radio, every CW signal had at least two, sometimes three, characteristics, not all of which could be described by using the RST system. Incidentally, RST then maxed out at 559, not 599 as now; easier to manage in those days.
First of all, there was the "fist", ie. the operator's manner of sending. The old pump handle straight key was pretty much the standard, and predominated on the bands. Next in popularity was the Vibroplex, commonly known as the "bug", with manual dashes and "automatic" dots. Here was where the individual sending style really came into play. There was the sea-going sparks sporting his "banana boat roll", with the exaggerated dash length. you could easily visualize "sparks" holding on for deal life in his shipboard shack as the vessel slowly listed from ports on starboard. Once acquired, the BBR was usually retained even after sparks returned to dry land; it was a badge of distinction, so to speak. Of lesser popularity, but even more distinctive, was the style of an operator using a classic "side swiper" key. The dots and dashes were both made manually by horizontal movement of the blade to which the finger grips were attached. The resulting CW, though eminently copiable, has to be heard to be appreciated as it defies word description. Yes, there are still a very few OT's on the bands using sideswipers, but they are most certainly a vanishing breed.
Editor Note: See THE ART OF SIDE-SWIPERY by Jerry L. Bartachek KDØCA
No discussion of fists would be complete without mention of the so called "Lake Erie Swing", which originated with bug-using marine ops on ships plying the Great lakes. The LES was characterized by the very generous use of dots, usually much faster (relatively) than the dashes. It made for a somewhat fluttery, whimsical style of sending, not unpleasant to copy once one got the hang of it. This style was later adopted by many airline and police CW operators, with equal success. Vying for importance with the operator's fist, there was the matter of his rigs CW "note", the T in the RST system. Here you encountered an endless variety of sounds, ranging from the raucous to the coveted PDC (pure DC) to somewhat rare T9X (PDC, crystal).
There were many one-stage, "self-excited" rigs used on CW in those days, in spite of the dire FCC and Handbook warnings against coupling simple rigs of this type directly to the antenna. Many of us thought that as long as you used a "blocking capacitor" between the lead-in and the tap on the rigs output coil you were OK. After all, it wasn't direct coupling, was it? Simple keyed Hartley oscillators using the popular type 210 or 45 tubes were generally identifiable by their pronounced "chirp", usually caused by poor supply regulation. Someone has said that they sounded like a stepped-on frog; an apt description.
-end of file
The TNT circuit (my favorite) was often a one-tube affair using a tuned plate tank circuit and an untuned grid coil, hense TNT (tuned, untuned). These rigs all to frequently emitted a rude sound which sounded like a nose being blown, or worse. A few made downright obscene sounds, probably because of inadequate power supply filtering. A TNT rig with poorly filtered, poorly regulated power supply was a frightful thing to hear on the bands. Strangely enough, the raunchier the note, the wider and more potent the offending signal seemed to become. One thing, though, it did attract attention from DX station. Unfortunately, it frequently annoyed the FCC monitors, who responded with the fearsome "Green Ticket". Of course, there were the purists who always managed to emit a T9X signal.
They were sort of an elite bunch, however, who looked down upon the lowly users of Hartley and TNT rigs. They did stoop to respond to such offensive CW signals, but only if they originated off shore and could be classified as DX. And then there was the special breed of CW operator, usually a high- power fanatic in southern California who sported a crystal controlled KW+ rig the signal from which was modulated at 120 (or 100) cycles (there were very few Hertz around in those days). This resulted in a very distinctive note which seemed to cut through the pileups, assisted by the big jugs pumping out the KW's, of course. I was told that the modulation was the results of using "resonant filters" in
the power supply, in lieu of the typical brute-force filter capacitors, which cost big money at 5KV or so. These resonant filters did reduce the ripple significantly, usually just enough to meet the FCC criteria of the day. Sneaky but effective, wasn't it?
Oh, yes, there was the matter of S in RST, the signal strength factor. If you had sufficient power and a good antenna you could work the world on CW, even if the guy on the other end used a one-tube regenerative receiver and a pizmire transmitter. On the other hand, if your fist and/or your note were "distinctive" enough you could work plenty of stations, including DX, even if your signals weren't all that powerful. A good chirpy (birdlike or squishy) or buzz-saw signal could often cut right through a T9X pileup, especially if assisted by a good BBR or LES.
I suppose some mention should be made of the atrocious frequency drifting of those classic CW rigs. Well, look at it this way. There was a fifty-fifty chance that one would drift away from the QRM. On the negative side, it was not unknown for a drifter to slide right
out of the band and into outer darkness before the end of a long-winded transmission.
Ah, those were indeed the good old days of CW. Contrast those sounds with the sterile, electronically generated dots and dashes which dominate today's ham bands. No Character there!
The Economist, Jan. 23, 1999 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ... --- ... .-. .. .--. (SOS, RIP) Morse code is being replaced by a new satellite-based system for sending distress calls at sea. Its dots and dashes have had a good run for their money "Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence." Surprisingly this message, which flashed over the airwaves in the dots and dashes of Morse code on January 31st 1997, was not a desperate transmission by a radio operator on a sinking ship. Rather, it was a message signalling the end of the use of Morse code for distress calls in French waters. Since 1992 countries around the world have been decommissioning their Morse equipment with similar (if less poetic) sign-offs, as the world's shipping switches over to a new satellite- based arrangement, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. The final deadline for the switch-over to GMDSS is February 1st, a date that is widely seen as the end of an era. For although dots and dashes will not die out altogether -- they will, for example, continue to be used by amateur radio operators, spies, and some members of the armed forces -- the switch to GMDSS marks the end of the last significant international use of Morse.
The code has, however, had a good history. From its origins in 1832, when an American inventor called Samuel Morse first started scribbling in his notebook, it grew to become the global standard for sending messages along wires and, later, over the airwaves. Morse code was, in effect, the network protocol for the world's first Internet: the international telegraph network, whose cables trussed up the globe in the second half of the 19th century. The mother of all networks: Appropriately for a technology commonly associated with radio operators on sinking ships, the idea of Morse code is said to have occurred to Samuel Morse while he was on board a ship crossing the Atlantic. At the time Morse was a painter and occasional inventor, but when another of the ship's passengers informed him of recent advances in electrical theory, Morse was suddenly taken with the idea of building an electric telegraph. Other inventors had been trying to do just that for the best part of a century. Morse succeeded and is now remembered as "the father of the telegraph" partly thanks to his singlemindedness -- it was 12 years, for example, before he secured money from Congress to build his first telegraph line -- but also for technical reasons.
Compared with rival electric telegraph designs, such as the needle telegraph developed by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone in Britain, Morse's design was very simple: it required little more than a "key" (essentially, a spring-loaded switch) to send messages, a clicking "sounder" to receive them, and a wire to link the two. But although Morse's hardware was simple, there was a catch: in order to use his equipment, operators had to learn the special code of dots and dashes that still bears his name. Originally, Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots and dashes to represent individual letters. His first code, sketched in his notebook during that transatlantic voyage, used dots and dashes to represent the digits 0 to 9. Morse's idea was that messages would consist of strings of numbers corresponding to words and phrases in a special numbered dictionary. But Morse later abandoned this scheme and, with the help of an associate, Alfred Vail, devised the Morse alphabet, which could be used to spell out messages a letter at a time in dots and dashes. At first, the need to learn this complicated-looking code made Morse's telegraph seem impossibly tricky compared with other, more user-friendly designs.
Cooke's and Wheatstone's telegraph, for example, used five needles to pick out letters on a diamond-shaped grid. But although this meant that anyone could use it, it also required five wires between telegraph stations. Morse's telegraph needed only one. And some people, it soon transpired, had a natural facility for Morse code. As electric telegraphy took off in the early 1850s, the Morse telegraph quickly became dominant. It was adopted as the European standard in 1851, allowing direct connections between the telegraph networks of different countries. (Britain chose not to participate, sticking with needle telegraphs for a few more years.) By this time Morse code had been revised to allow for accents and other foreign characters, resulting in a split between American and International Morse that continues to this day.
On international submarine cables, left and right swings of a light-beam reflected from a tiny rotating mirror were used to represent dots and dashes. Meanwhile a distinct telegraphic subculture was emerging, with its own customs and vocabulary, and a hierarchy based on the speed at which operators could send and receive Morse code. First-class operators, who could send and receive at speeds of up to 45 words a minute, handled press traffic, securing the best-paid jobs in big cities. At the bottom of the pile were slow, inexperienced rural operators, many of whom worked the wires as part-timers. As their Morse code improved, however, rural operators found that their new-found skill was a passport to better pay in a city job. Telegraphers soon swelled the ranks of the emerging middle classes. Telegraphy was also deemed suitable work for women. By 1870, a third of the operators in the Western Union office in New York, the largest telegraph office in America, were female.
Just as skilled operators found that they could recognise each other over the wires from their style of Morse code, many operators claimed to be able to recognise women operators. Inevitably, romances were initiated over the wires -- just as they are today by e-mail. There were even a handful of weddings by telegraph. In a dramatic ceremony in 1871, Morse himself said goodbye to the global community of telegraphers he had brought into being. After a lavish banquet and many adulatory speeches, Morse sat down behind an operator's table and, placing his finger on a key connected to every telegraph wire in America, tapped out his final farewell to a standing ovation.
By the time of his death in 1872, the world was well and truly wired: more than 650,000 miles of telegraph line and 30,000 miles of submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code; and 20,000 towns and villages were connected to the global network. Just as the Internet is today often called an "information superhighway", the telegraph was described in its day as an "instantaneous highway of thought". But by the 1890s the Morse telegraph's heyday as a cutting-edge technology was coming to an end, with the invention of the telephone and the rise of automatic telegraphs, precursors of the teleprinter, neither of which required specialist skills to operate. Morse code, however, was about to be given a new lease of life thanks to another new technology: wireless.
Following the invention of radiotelegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896, its potential for use at sea quickly became apparent. For the first time, ships could communicate with each other, and with the shore, whatever the weather and even when out of visual range. In 1897 Marconi successfully sent Morse code messages between a shore station and an Italian warship 19km (12 miles) away. The first sea rescue after a distress call sent by radiotelegraph took place in 1899, when a lightship in the Dover Straits reported the grounding of Elbe, a steamship.
Two years later, Marconi sent the first transatlantic radio signal: three dots, the letter "S" in Morse code. By 1910, Morse radio equipment was commonplace on ships. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912, however, highlighted the need for radio operators to listen at all times for distress signals. After the disaster it emerged that the liner Californian had been only a few miles away, and that hundreds of lives might have been saved had the Californian's radio operator been on duty and so able to receive the Titanic's "SOS" distress call. At the first International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), held in London in 1914, it was agreed that large vessels should maintain 24-hour radio watch.
This rule has remained ever since, with subsequent SOLAS conventions gradually introducing new rules to keep pace with the development of technologies such as radiotelephony. The advent of satellite technology led the International Maritime Organisation to amend the SOLAS convention in 1988 to introduce GMDSS, an automated emergency communications system based on satellite and radio links. Optional since 1992, GMDSS equipment will be compulsory worldwide from February 1st on all ships that exceed 300 tonnes, carry 12 or more passengers, or travel in international waters. (Owners of smaller vessels can install the equipment if they wish.)
Under GMDSS, anyone on board a ship in distress merely has to press a button to send a distress call containing the vessel's identification number and its precise location -- there is no need for a skilled Morse operator. And so, after nearly 170 years, Morse code will finally slip beneath the waves. Over and out: As communications protocols go, Morse has lasted a surprisingly long time - -- admittedly with a few tweaks here and there. So how might its modern descendant, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), fare in comparison? TCP/IP was devised in 1973 by Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf (a man with Morse-like stature in the Internet world who is often known as the "father of the Internet").
As with Morse code before it, TCP/IP is being improved to respond to new challenges and technologies. Its addressing system is now being overhauled to make room for billions of additional connections, to allow for the wireless devices expected to proliferate over coming years and to enable even household appliances to go online. Mr Cerf is also working on how to extend the Internet to such other places as the moon and Mars, since the time delays as radio signals travel through space make the current protocol unsuitable. Further improvements will follow: indeed, since it is spoken by computers, not humans, TCP/IP is easier to adapt than was Morse. Even so, in today's fast-changing computer world, it seems unlikely that TCP/IP will remain in continuous use for anything like as long as the century and a half managed by Morse code, its distant digital ancestor.
Published on February 2, 1999 A FINAL CALL FOR THE MORSE CODE By Steve Wiegand SCRIPPS-MCCLATCHY NEWS SERVICE SACRAMENTO -- Sometime Monday, somewhere in the world, a sentinel on some far- flung coast will tap out a series of dots and dashes on a wireless telegraph key -- and an institution will "SOS." In this case, that stands for "Sink Out of Sight." After a century of serving as the communications lifeline for thousands of ships and millions of sailors and passengers, the use of Morse code as the standard means of sending a distress call will officially end.
As of today, passenger and cargo ships around the world will rely on a high-tech, satellite-linked communications system called the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). "It's kind of sad," said Cliff Simonsen, a U.S. Coast Guard chief warrant officer at the Communications Area Master Station, Pacific (CAMSPAC) at Point Reyes. Simonsen still keeps a telegraph key, or "bug," on his desk and tapped out a few mournful words during a recent telephone conversation. "For those of us who have been at it a long time -- I've been doing it 30 years -- it's a little sad to see the end of it." More than the end of a seagoing safety system, it also marks the demise of the last significant use of the world's first information superhighway -- and serves as a sic transit gloria warning for apostles of the Internet. "It shows that everything gets out of date," Simonsen said. "The GMDSS is not only more effective, it takes fewer people, which means less money, which keeps Congress happy when they get the bills. So it's good for the taxpayer too."
The GMDSS system was established in 1988 by the International Marine Organization, a United Nations agency that oversees international shipping safety, and it was required to be on all passenger ships and cargo ships over 300 tons and all commercial ships that travel in international waters by today. Under the new system, someone on a ship in distress can push a specific button for a specific problem -- sinking, capsizing, dead in the water. The continuous signal is automatically relayed and sets off alarms at listening posts and other ships in the region. The signal also gives the vessel's international identification number and the exact position of the ship. Unlike the Morse system, which required a trained telegrapher to send the SOS, anyone on the ship can activate the GMDSS distress call. The sender also need not stick around to keep operating the call, but can abandon ship or get to a safer area.
According to an IMO document, "it will mean that a ship in distress anywhere in the world can be virtually guaranteed assistance, even if the crew does not have time to radio specific details." Most countries have already made the switch, perhaps none quite so poetically as the French. "Calling all," a French signal operator at Brittany tapped out two years ago, as he or she signed off. "This is our last cry before our eternal silence." The first time the code was heard in public was on May 24, 1844, when inventor Samuel F.B. Morse demonstrated his invention to members of Congress by tapping out "What hath God wrought?" on a line from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore. It was the beginning of a worldwide communications revolution. The telegraph radically changed national and international business, the ways wars were fought and the way news was gathered and disseminated. By 1872, the globe was wound by more than 650,000 miles of overland telegraph wire and 30,000 miles of submarine cable. Top telegraphers could send and receive messages at 45 words per minute, and an estimated 20,000 communities were "wired to the world."
With the invention of the wireless radio telegraph in the 1890s, the reach extended to ships at sea. The first rescue at sea as a result of a wireless distress call came in 1899 off the coast of England, and the use of maritime wireless spread rapidly. But there was a flaw in the system, which was dramatically demonstrated on April 14, 1912. A huge English passenger liner, called the Titanic, hit an iceberg. The ship's telegrapher broadcast a cry for help. But on the Californian, a ship only a few miles away, the radio operator had gone off duty and never heard the Titanic's messages.
More than 1,500 people died. Shaken by the disaster, an international conference decided three months later that at least some ships should be required to have 24-hour radio watches, and adopted "SOS" as the international distress call. (By the way, the International Maritime Organization says SOS never stood for "Save Our Ship" or "Save Our Souls" or anything else. It was just decided that "...---..." (you know, dit-dit-dit, dah-dah- dah, dit-dit-dit) was easy to remember. As time sailed on, the telegraph faded in importance. Western Union, for example, quit using Morse code in the 1960s. By 1981, radiotelephones were mandatory for commercial ships.
And now, a network of four satellites will be used to bounce pinpoint signals between ships and land-based stations. Which is not to say Morse code will be forever silenced. U.S. Navy ships, for example, continue to use it for ship-to-ship signal light communications. And then there are the estimated 670,000 ham radio operators in the United States. Still, as a widespread and practical means of communication, it's all but over for Morse code.
(Steve Wiegand is a reporter for the Sacramento Bee in California.)
Rescue at Sea (1 hour) Broadcast Date: Monday, February 15, 1999 Web Site Launch Date: Saturday, February 13, 1999 On January 23, 1909, two ships -- one carrying Italian immigrants to New York, the other, American tourists to Europe -- collided in a dense fog off Nantuckett Island. Suddenly, more than 1500 lives became dependent on a new technology, wireless telegraphy, and a 26-year-old wireless operator who sent a steady stream of distress signals for 36 hours. Courage and luck saved the day, and a week after the collision, a bill requiring wireless on every ship with than 50 passengers was introduced in Congress. This site will include: A "disasters at sea" timeline An interactive game that puts you in the postition of Jack Binns, the ship's radio operator Scott Anderson
The Economist, Jan. 23, 1999 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ... --- ... .-. .. .--. (SOS, RIP) Morse code is being replaced by a new satellite-based system for sending distress calls at sea. Its dots and dashes have had a good run for the money "Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence." Surprisingly this message, which flashed over the airwaves in the dots and dashes of Morse code on January 31st 1997, was not a desperate transmission by a radio operator on a sinking ship. Rather, it was a message signalling the end of the use of Morse code for distress calls in French waters. Since 1992 countries around the world have been decommissioning their Morse equipment with similar (if less poetic) sign-offs, as the world's shipping switches over to a new satellite-based arrangement, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.
The final deadline for the switch-over to GMDSS is February 1st, a date that is widely seen as the end of an era. For although dots and dashes will not die out altogether -- they will, for example, continue to be used by amateur radio operators, spies, and some members of the armed forces -- the switch to GMDSS marks the end of the last significant international use of Morse. The code has, however, had a good inning. From its origins in 1832, when an American inventor called Samuel Morse first started scribbling in his notebook, it grew to become the global standard for sending messages along wires and, later, over the airwaves. Morse code was, in effect, the network protocol for the world's first Internet: the international telegraph network, whose cables trussed up the globe in the second half of the 19th century.
The mother of all networks Appropriately for a technology commonly associated with radio operators on sinking ships, the idea of Morse code is said to have occurred to Samuel Morse while he was on board a ship crossing the Atlantic. At the time Morse was a painter and occasional inventor, but when another of the ship's passengers informed him of recent advances in electrical theory, Morse was suddenly taken with the idea of building an electric telegraph. Other inventors had been trying to do just that for the best part of a century. Morse succeeded and is now remembered as "the father of the telegraph" partly thanks to his singlemindedness -- it was 12 years, for example, before he secured money from Congress to build his first telegraph line -- but also for technical reasons.
Compared with rival electric telegraph designs, such as the needle telegraph developed by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone in Britain, Morse's design was very simple: it required little more than a "key" (essentially, a spring-loaded switch) to send messages, a clicking "sounder" to receive them, and a wire to link the two. But although Morse's hardware was simple, there was a catch: in order to use his equipment, operators had to learn the special code of dots and dashes that still bears his name. Originally, Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots anddashes to represent individual letters. His first code, sketched in his notebook during that transatlantic voyage, used dots and dashes to represent the digits 0 to 9. Morse's idea was that messages would consist of strings of numbers corresponding to words and phrases in a special numbered dictionary. But Morse later abandoned this scheme and, with the help of an associate, Alfred Vail, devised the Morse alphabet, which could be used to spell out messages a letter at a time in dots and dashes. At first, the need to learn this complicated-looking code made Morse's telegraph seem impossibly tricky compared with other, more user-friendly designs.
On international submarine cables, left and right swings of a light-beam reflected from a tiny rotating mirror were used to represent dots and dashes. Meanwhile a distinct telegraphic subculture was emerging, with its own customs and vocabulary, and a hierarchy based on the speed at which operators could send and receive Morse code. First-class operators, who could send and receive at speeds of up to 45 words a minute, handled press traffic, securing the best-paid jobs in big cities. At the bottom of the pile were slow, inexperienced rural operators, many of whom worked the wires as part-timers. As their Morse code improved, however, rural operators found that their new-found skill was a passport to better pay in a city job. Telegraphers soon swelled the ranks of the emerging middle classes.
Telegraphy was also deemed suitable work for women. By 1870, a third of the operators in the Western Union office in New York, the largest telegraph office in America, were female. Just as skilled operators found that they could recognise each other over the wires from their style of Morse code, many operators claimed to be able to recognise women operators. Inevitably, romances were initiated over the wires -- just as they are today by e-mail. There were even a handful of weddings by telegraph. In a dramatic ceremony in 1871, Morse himself said goodbye to the global community of telegraphers he had brought into being. After a lavish banquet and many adulatory speeches, Morse sat down behind an operator's table and, placing his finger on a key connected to every telegraph wire in America, tapped out his final farewell to a standing ovation.
By the time of his death in 1872, the world was well and truly wired: more than 650,000 miles of telegraph line and 30,000 miles of submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code; and 20,000 towns and villages were connected to the global network. Just as the Internet is today often called an "information superhighway", the telegraph was described in its day as an "instantaneous highway of thought". But by the 1890s the Morse telegraph's heyday as a cutting-edge technology was coming to an end, with the invention of the telephone and the rise of automatic telegraphs, precursors of the teleprinter, neither of which required specialist skills to operate. Morse code, however, was about to be given a new lease of life thanks to another new technology: wireless. Following the invention of radiotelegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896, its potential for use at sea quickly became apparent. For the first time, ships could communicate with each other, and with the shore, whatever the weather and even when out of visual range.
In 1897 Marconi successfully sent Morse code messages between a shore station and an Italian warship 19km (12 miles) away. The first sea rescue after a distress call sent by radiotelegraph took place in 1899, when a lightship in the Dover Straits reported the grounding of Elbe, a steamship. Two years later, Marconi sent the first transatlantic radio signal: three dots, the letter "S" in Morse code. By 1910, Morse radio equipment was commonplace on ships. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912, however, highlighted the need for radio operators to listen at all times for distress signals. After the disaster it emerged that the liner Californian had been only a few miles away, and that hundreds of lives might have been saved had the Californian's radio operator been on duty and so able to receive the Titanic's "SOS" distress call.
At the first International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), held in London in 1914, it was agreed that large vessels should maintain 24-hour radio watch. This rule has remained ever since, with subsequent SOLAS conventions gradually introducing new rules to keep pace with the development of technologies such as radiotelephony. The advent of satellite technology led the International Maritime Organisation to amend the SOLAS convention in 1988 to introduce GMDSS, an automated emergency communications system based on satellite and radio links. Optional since 1992, GMDSS equipment will be compulsory worldwide from February 1st on all ships that exceed 300 tonnes, carry 12 or more passengers, or travel in international waters. (Owners of smaller vessels can install the equipment if they wish.) Under GMDSS, anyone on board a ship in distress merely has to press a button to send a distress call containing the vessel's identification number and its precise location -- there is no need for a skilled Morse operator.
And so, after nearly 170 years, Morse code will finally slip beneath the waves. Over and out As communications protocols go, Morse has lasted a surprisingly long time - -- admittedly with a few tweaks here and there. So how might its modern descendant, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), fare in comparison? TCP/IP was devised in 1973 by Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf (a man with Morse-like stature in the Internet world who is often known as the "father of the Internet"). As with Morse code before it, TCP/IP is being improved to respond to new challenges and technologies. Its addressing system is now being overhauled to make room for billions of additional connections, to allow for the wireless devices expected to proliferate over coming years and to enable even household appliances to go online.
Mr Cerf is also working on how to extend the Internet to such other places as the moon and Mars, since the time delays as radio signals travel through space make the current protocol unsuitable. Further improvements will follow: indeed, since it is spoken by computers, not humans, TCP/IP is easier to adapt than was Morse. Even so, in today's fast-changing computer world, it seems unlikely that TCP/IP will remain in continuous use for anything like as long as the century and a half managed by Morse code, its distant digital ancestor.
Tadd Torborg - Editor for North East Digital Association
If you were in the market for a watch in1880, would you know where to get one? You would go to a store, right? Well, of course you could do that; but if you wanted one that was cheaper and better than most of the store watches, you went to the train station! Sound a bit funny? Well, for about 500 towns across the northern United States, that's where the best watches were found. At the train station. But not for the reason you might think. The railroad company wasn't selling the watches, not at all. The telegraph operator was. And most of the time, the telegraph operator was located in the railroad station because the telegraph lines followed the railroad tracks from town to town. It was usually the shortest distance and the right-of-ways had already been secured for the rail line. Also, most of the station agents were skilled telegraph operators, and that was the primary way that they communicated with the railroad. They would know when trains left the previous station and when they were due at their station. And it was the telegraph operator who had the watches. As a matter of fact, they sold more of them than almost all of the stores combined for a period of about 9 years. And mostly, this was arranged by Richard, who was a telegraph operator himself. He was on duty in the North Redwood, Minnesota, train station one day, when a load of watches arrived from the east. A huge crate of pocket watches. No one ever came to claim them. So Richard sent a telegram to the manufacturer and asked them what they wanted to do with the watches. The manufacturer didn't want to pay the freight back, so they wired Richard to see if he could sell them. Richard did that. He sent a wire to every agent in the system, asking them if they wanted a cheap, but good pocket watch. He sold the entire case in less than two days and at a handsome profit. That started it. He ordered more watches from the watch company and encouraged the telegraph operators to set up a display case in the station and start offering high quality watches for a cheap price to all the travelers. That worked! It didn't take long for the word to spread to all kinds of people; and before long, people other than travelers came to the train station to buy watches. Richard got so busy he had to hire a professional watchmaker to help him with the orders. He did, and that person was Alvah. And the rest is history, as they say. The business took off and soon expanded to many other lines of dry goods. Richard and Alvah left the train station and moved their company to Chicago. And it's still there. IT'S A LITTLE KNOWN FACT that for a while in the1880's, the biggest watch retailer in the country was at the train station. It all started with a telegraph operator, Richard Sears, and his partner: Alvah Robuck!
Hi, Rod. I don't know where you might put this on your site, but Morse appears in the movie, "Alien v. Predator." In an early scene of the movie, when the strange activity in Antarctica is first discovered, lab personnel are watching a monitor. Two Morse streams can be heard. One one is sending a stock Morse sound byte that I've heard in many movies. The second one is sending an alliterated version of the movie's advertising tag line.
The film was advertised with the phrase, "Whoever wins we lose." The Morse in the movie sends, "Whoever wins we woose."
I was pleasantly surprised to hear that in there, since I keep hearing that the code is dead. I guess it just proves that the answer to Morse's famous question, "What hath God wrought?" is now known. He hath wrought that, after 160 years, pounding brass still kicks .- ... ... N8CPA
Mr. Marconi would not have used "IE" or any other of those "ditty"
American Morse characters.
Rather, he would have used the "Continental Code". It was developed over
"on the continent" (Europe) ca. 1844 by the Germans and Austrians who
thought Morse's code of dots, double dots, short and long dashes was
inefficient and disorganized. Germans can't stand that. This explains
why the letter C, less frequent in Deutsch, is longer than it would be
if developed by English-speakers. It is what we use today, now called
International Morse. American Morse was used by the railroads and
Western Union until 1866 when the new trans-Atlantic cable forced use of
the continental code for all international traffic. American Morse
survived on the US railroad's wire lines until the early 1950's.
Dick Frey, k4xu ...amateur Morse historian.
CAN'T FIND IT? SEARCH THE WEB OR THE AC6V WEBSITE
Last Update:September 04, 2006


We play our first two shows since the album launch tour in the second week of September.
We're warming things up again for the last quarter of the year. re-grouping for the first time in a couple of months for this low key Thursday night gig at The End.
It's a tiny bar, you can get right up close to the band, it's got a great feel and excellent lagers.. don't drive.


At bottom right, signed "J.F. Millet" in black chalk.
The gay side of life never shows itself to me. . . . The gayest thing I know is the calm, the silence, which is so sweet, either in the forest or in the cultivated land.
Thus wrote Jean-François Millet. He conveyed calm and silence in this peaceful composition, which is anchored by a monumental peasant figure. A cloud has blotted out the sun, and the muted daylight conceals details while emphasizing the shepherdess, sheepdog, and flock as archetypes. The shepherdess and dog stand silhouetted against the sky and field, waiting patiently and with dignity in the timeless world of the peasant, which Millet sought to ennoble in his work.
This pastel, possibly the earliest of at least four on this theme, relates to Millet's painting of the same name. He exhibited the painting, now in Paris's Musée d'Orsay, to great acclaim at the Salon of 1864.


text:
ManagementPhysicalSectorsSecurity Enterprise ServicesAccess ManagementHospitals & Medical Centers
Main Street Clinical Associates Notifies Patients of Potential Data Breach
Main Street Clinical Associates, PA ("Main Street") in Durham, North Carolina has provided notice of a data breach that potentially impacts regulators and individuals.
Main Street noted it has no confirmation that personal or protected health information was viewed without authorization and that it has taken action after becoming aware of the incident. "On April 10, 2019, the building adjacent to Main Street's office located in Durham, North Carolina suffered a severe gas explosion. The explosion forced Main Street's employees to immediately evacuate their office without the opportunity to properly store and secure patient information. At the time of the evacuation, certain patient files in use were left open and the file room containing patient records was unlocked. Due to the nature and extent of the damage to the building, Main Street's employees were prohibited from reentering the building until September 9, 2019," says a press release.
Upon reentry to the office space, Main Street discovered that looters had "unlawfully entered the office and stolen two laptop computers, a clinician's cell phone, and a printer that stored patient information. The computers and the cell phone were password-protected, and the client files stored on them were also password-protected."
According to the press release, the type of patient information that may have been accessed is:
driver's license number
diagnosis and treatment information
KEYWORDS: application security cyber security cybersecurity data breach
Massachusetts General Hospital Alerts 10,000 Patients of Data Breach
Broward Health data breach affected 1.3m patients, staff


text:
Kerry-Jayne Wilson  (6 March 1949 – 29 March 2022) was a New Zealand biologist and lecturer in ecology at Lincoln University in the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Work
As an undergraduate, Wilson spent the summer of 1969–1970 in the Snares Islands, working as an assistant to the Australian ornithologist and photographer John Warham. She was struck by the huge numbers of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus), penguins, petrels, and prions, and seabirds later became her research focus. She earned a Master of Science degree at the University of Canterbury, and was appointed a faculty member at Lincoln College (now Lincoln University) in 1986.

Wilson worked for over 40 years on different conservation projects in New Zealand, with a focus on its avifauna. Most of her field research on seabirds was conducted in New Zealand, the Chathams, the sub-Antarctic Islands, and Antarctica, but she also worked in Mongolia, Malaysia, Newfoundland, Indonesia and the Cook Islands. One of her research projects was on the endangered Chatham petrel (Pterodroma axillaris), where she helped develop a burrow entrance flap that prevented broad-billed prions (Pachyptila vittata) from invading Chatham petrel nesting burrows and disturbing their chicks.

She was New Zealand committee member of the Australasian Seabird Group, was vice-president of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand (OSNZ), and edited the State of New Zealand Birds Report. She lectured at the University of Göttingen on ecology and wildlife conservation in New Zealand.

Wilson started teaching at Lincoln University in the entomology department as a lecturer in 1986 under her male birth name. After teaching ecology for 23 years, Wilson retired to Charleston on the West Coast of the South Island in 2009. She continued to be involved in conservation projects, and was a founding trustee of the  West Coast Penguin Trust in 2006. Her work with the Trust led to the construction in 2014 of a  fence along State Highway 6, which prevented blue penguins from being killed on the road. She was involved with the conservation of the Westland petrel (Procellaria westlandica) colony near Punakaiki, including strategies to protect petrel fledglings from being disoriented and confused by street lights.

In 2021, Wilson published New Zealand Seabirds, a summary of her 50 years of research. She died on 29 March 2022.

Awards and honours
In 2012, Wilson was awarded the OSNZ's Robert Falla Memorial Award for her "work... in the field of ornithology and her contributions to the work of the society over many years".

In the 2019 New Year Honours, Wilson was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to seabird conservation.

Publications
Wilson published 70 scientific papers and three books. Among her most important works is Flight of the Huia, a book that deals with the issue of species conservation in New Zealand.

Footnotes

References

1950 births
2022 deaths
New Zealand ornithologists
Women ornithologists
Academic staff of the Lincoln University (New Zealand)
Ornithological writers
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
University of Canterbury alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sri Lanka cricket icon Muttiah Muralitharan tells story of 2004 Tsunami 17 years later
As 500mph waves rifled across the Indian Ocean to mercilessly approach Sri Lankan shores in the early morning of December 26, 2004, the young and old weren't to know their lives would be irretrievably changed.
Seventeen years have come and gone since the island was swept aside by a magnitude 9.1 tsunami so destructive, 270,000 people died across 13 countries — 38,000 of those in Sri Lanka — with £10billion raised internationally.
Middlesex off-spinner and England hopeful Thilan Walallawita will have woken up this week with the ringing screams from villagers he heard when he was just six years old, running for their lives as the tsunami wiped away whole villages in mere seconds.
The Tsunami of 2004 wrought devastation and took the lives of 38,000 Sri Lankans
Cricket legend Muttiah Muralitharan led efforts to rebuild the country with charity appeals
And Kim Peatfield will today remember her five-year-old daughter Isabella — the first British child casualty of the tsunami — by embarking on a lengthy walk of Isabella's favourite route in the Peak District and laying 17 roses at her grave; the 17 years of age she would have been today.
Desperation heeds remedy and in Sri Lanka, it was their love of cricket that came to the fore with cricketing icon Muttiah 'Murali' Muralitharan fronting an international effort to raise millions to get the island back on its feet.
The Daily Mail was at the UK's forefront, raising £15.92million in a Flood Aid tsunami appeal — a then world record for a newspaper appeal.
Sportsmail assesses 17 years on how cricket helped unite a torn island, and its lasting effect on those involved.
The most Test wickets in history? 800, Murali. The most international wickets in history? 1,347, and again Murali.
He may be ranked by many as the greatest bowler of all time, but none of that really mattered when life and death came perilously close.
At 8am on that day in 2004, Murali had just got into a car with relatives on the way to manager Kushil Gunasakera's Foundation of Goodness (FoG) charity function for children ahead of the school year.
The FoG was established along with Murali and Ashan Malalasekera in 1999 to provide free educational, sporting and vocational training across Sri Lanka. A huge $20m has been raised over the two decades, and the Foundation has established itself as a leading charitable beacon.
School books, bags and shoes are central to each Boxing Day giveaway.
Muralitharan made a lucky escape and was warned to drive away from the coast
The country has taken years to get back on its feet after the devastation caused
Thousands lost their homes and entire villages were completely destroyed
Murali though was unusually running 30 minutes late for the function due to a dinner the night before; an aspect he is still thankful for.
'On the way, me and my family were going near Kalutara — a place you can see the water in the river which goes to a lagoon,' he tells Sportsmail. 'It was a brown colour on a full moon day. We thought we should go ahead before the high tide comes.
'Halfway through the journey, there's people shouting away. I went out the car and they said, "Sea water has come to the land, don't go that side, the Galle area".
'We luckily turned back and raced back to Colombo. When we switched on the TV, you see the effect of what has happened.
'If I set off 20 minutes earlier, I would also have been caught in the waves.'
Hours of panic ensued with several bodies washed up on shores across the island. The survival of Kushil and children who attended the function were Murali's main worry.
'I was trying to call Kushil but I couldn't because all the phones were disconnected,' he says.
'We knew that he was in trouble. He had saved the children and stayed in a temple thankfully but saw people floating away from him.
'I saw the WHO count saying 30,000 people dead but it looked like 100,000 people who would have died as some villages were wiped away. The pain is difficult to explain because of the situation we went through.'
Just hours later, Murali and Kushil's thoughts focused upon the recovery.
The waves battered the country and rebuilding took a long time even with relief efforts
And it is where cricket helped the rescue mission. A sport cherished among millions as their favourite sport on the island united Murali's acquaintances, new and old, to come together and help spearhead the recovery.
'I created awareness because of being a cricketer,' he explains.
'I was ambassador for the World Food Programme. Through them I got food machines and gave them to places that were affected.
'And then my good friend Dr David Young, a Melbourne orthopaedic surgeon who was the Sri Lanka cricket team doctor, brought over a team of surgeons from Australia.
'They did free surgeries and worked for about two weeks after the tsunami and brought equipment. Me and David donated around $4-5m to an accident ward at a Kalpitiya hospital, and a hospital in Batticaloa in the east. Still David and the orthopaedic surgeons contribute to the hospitals.'
It was just the beginning. Murali knew more could be done through using his image and cricketing friends. Much more, in fact.
'I also want to mention Neil Fairbrother and Andrew Flintoff,' he explains. 'I was playing with these boys for Lancashire, so they gave money to build houses as well.
'So many people from the cricket fraternity who I played with came here. Shane Warne came and brought awareness to the Foundation.
Muralitharan was a key figure in securing funding from other counties during the crisis
'Surrey County Cricket Club made the Surrey Village Cricket Stadium in Maggona, and MCC gave the Foundation of Goodness a centre of excellence and built a cricket ground. So through cricket, we connected everything and made a huge impact in this area.'
Though the seeds to this mindset had been sown way before 2004 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Boxing Day 1995. The off-spinner was no-balled seven times in three overs by umpire Darrell Hair on believing that the then 23-year-old was bending his arm and then straightening it in his bowling delivery.
Nationwide fury ensued and Murali was subjected to wide-ranging tests of his bowling action, which he firmly passed in 1996. His countrymen supported their hero even when others doubted him.
This was despite a raging civil war between the Sinhalese (they make up 80 per cent of the island's population) and Tamil's (of which Murali is).
'When I went through the Boxing Day problems in 1995, the whole country backed me that I didn't do anything wrong,' he says.
'They supported me as a cricketer despite not knowing me. When I needed help, everyone came together for me. So then I thought, "How could I help them?"
'I'm a Tamil. Sri Lanka is 80 per cent Sinhalese. They didn't think about race despite the ethnic war that was going on at the time. They stood by me without race, religion or anything, as a Sri Lankan. That's why I said sport is a universal language. Sport can make peace in this world.'
His generosity extends to an appreciation to the Mail's Flood Aid appeal, which raised £15.92m thanks to its generous readers.
It has been 17 years now since the Boxing Day disaster that swept through Asia
£270,000 alone was spent on rebuilding the washed away CWW Kannangara School rebuilt, with other schools and numerous homes rebuilt — one Indonesian fishing village was paid for entirely by the readers' money.
The focus of Flood Aid was helping children and money channelled through the Disasters Emergency Committee, the umbrella charity that co-ordinates UK relief, was reaching those most in need within days.
'It's a huge amount, it's nearly $25m dollars!' adds Murali.
'When you are in need, a lot of people try and donate — it's humanity. I appreciate it because they don't think, "Oh we weren't part of it". They (readers) feel for fellow human beings.
'So I think it was a great initiative by the Daily Mail, giving that amount of money despite the paper not sold in Sri Lanka but still to contribute that kind of amount for somewhere they are even not part of it.'
Behind her affable and cheery personality, Kim takes a deep breath. This week in December does not get any easier to navigate — no matter how many years have passed since five-year-old daughter Isabella was swept from her grasp as head-high water gushed into an enclosed room.
'Yes (it's been) 17 years… it's impossible to comprehend given that you are without your small child for that long,' Kim tells Sportsmail.
'Time heals in some respects but it's at Christmas time when you can't get away from it, you can't escape it.
'It's dreadful just putting up the Christmas tree and seeing the presents underneath — you just remember. The fact it was still Christmas which means something for children, coming back from that holiday and Isabella's presents were still under the Christmas tree waiting for her when we could come back. I don't think you'll ever get over that.'
Kim Peatfield's daughter Isabella (pictured) died in 2004 when the tsunami struck
Though before reflecting upon what happened on the fateful day, it is important to first highlight the commendable charity work Kim and husband Tristan have done because of that day.
The pair created the Isabella Peatfield Memorial Fund just weeks after their daughter passed away.
'Out of that devastation, I had to somehow carry on,' she explains.
'I wanted to make sure Isabella hadn't died in vain because I loved her so much, I couldn't bare the fact that she had died so I had to make something come out of her death.
'I had to dig deep and I found I did have the resources within me to help others.
'We still had a lovely home and me and my husband were alive. People in Sri Lanka had lost everything.
'Isabella had loved, loved the country so it made sense to help the children that she had played with. It has certainly helped me. Even now people say to me, "Oh I just heard your story about Isabella". So in a way I did help her live forever, her spirit still lives on.'
Peatfield was determined to do good in the country her daughter had loved so much
An Isabella Peatfield children's ward was built in a Tangalle hospital, 16 playgrounds in their daughter's name gifted to disadvantaged schools and £250,000 raised towards helping rebuild a school.
The Fund is much reduced these days — owing to the emotional scars that still linger from that event — but the pair still support two orphanages, including the Home of Hope (HoH).
HoH is an orphanage catering for around 100 children aged four to 18 from a variety of circumstances, including the island's 26-year civil war and poverty.
England's leading cricket tour operator Howzat Travel — headed by tour manager Gordon Bacon — do fundraising events when on tour, and in November 2018 were at the Kandy Test match between England and Sri Lanka.
Through cricket, they raised money for HoH on behalf of the IPMF — which the Mail helped facilitate.
Kim and Tristan had brought cricket equipment over after seeing how the sport gripped the nation.
'Out of any country in the world, everybody is amazingly cricket mad,' says Kim.
'All we had to do was bring over cricket bats and balls made in England and people were playing cricket in the hospital grounds, in desolate places that had been swept away.
'It was very cathartic and everybody you speak to wants to talk about your cricket heroes. They really love cricket.
Money was raised for the Home of Hope in Digana, Near Kandy on the island nation
'If you can come together and start feeling positive and have a positive spin on life through sport or through anything like that, it's an amazing thing to do.
'And by raising money by doing something people love, like cricket, is much better than just giving money because your rich.'
Her comfortable background also allowed her to relate to cricketers such as Murali, who admirably pitched in to help those in need.
She adds: 'I think that's the human spirit, that everybody can see how lucky they are when things like this happen. If somebody has the resources to help, people will. It's searching inside yourself and thinking, "What can I do to help?" and that is what's incredible about us humans — we still have the power to do that even when things seem hopeless.'
Feeling hopeless on that Saturday in 2004 would be putting it mildly. An idyllic morning of clear skies saw Isabella gluing glitter and petals from the garden to make cards to give out when she got back to Derbyshire.
'I didn't see the wave, all I saw was lots of water pouring into our bungalow, coming over a ridge near the beach,' she begins.
'It was only about a foot deep and our immediate thoughts were to get everything up off the floor because Isabella had been drawing these beautiful pictures.
'And then a wall of water about 10 feet swept right into the room, my husband was swept out of the backdoor. The door slammed, and we were stuck in a room as the water kept rising.
'I picked her (Isabella) up straight away. The water was coming into the room in at like 100- odd mph. I had her around me one minute and then the next minute, I was being swept into a lagoon.
'I had a bad injury as I hit my head so there are moments I can't remember, and letting her go is one I can't remember. The trees in the lagoon were around 10ft high and I was swept right over them on top of the wave.
Peatfield says she was fortunate to survive the disaster after being trapped under water
'The next minute I was at the bottom of the lagoon with a tree pinned on top of me and drowning underwater. If I hadn't pulled myself from underneath the tree, I wouldn't be here today but I've got a big hole in my leg to pay for it. I do remember water going into my lungs, thinking I'm not going to survive.
'I was covered with cuts, bruises and half my leg falling off like a shark had bitten into it. You could see my veins and blood vessels, it was that deep. How it didn't sever a blood vessel or vein and bleed to death, I do not know. I wasn't meant to go that day….'
Every Boxing Day since 2004 brings about the same routine, and this year is no different for Kim, Tristan and sons Ollie, 27, and Louis, 16.
'This year on Boxing Day we're going to go for a long walk on a route that's Isabella's favourite walk near Thorpe Cloud in the Peak District, and we usually set off some balloons or play some music at the top of the big hill.
'We live in the Peak District so we will probably do a march up a big hill and pay our tributes to Isabella who will never be forgotten. Louis obviously never knew his sister but he feels likes he does because we've never let her spirit die.
'When we come back we'll have a toast to Isabella, I go to the church and we put some flowers on her grave. We usually put a rose on for every year, so this year will be 17 roses.'
Thilan Walallawita is in his car driving home to Hertfordshire. Pre-season training with Middlesex is just weeks away for the 23-year-old, and his future is bright indeed.
Owing to England's gaping hole in the spin department — a glimpse at the current Ashes down under a microcosm of an age-old issue on these shores — Walallawita has eyes on representing this country in the future.
But even dreams of professional cricket, never mind international career, were certainly farfetched 17 years ago.
On that Saturday, just surviving was a blessing. He's in the UK in person, but not always in mind because of what happened.
'I was literally panicking, crying. We could hear screams form everywhere,' he tells Sportsmail.
Thilan Walallawita was just six years old at the time of the Tsunami but still remembers it vividly
'It was literally around a hundred people running for their lives. You could see panic in their faces — it was really bad.
'That's the kind of day that will be stuck in my mind for the rest of my life to be honest. I would say 100 per cent the screams of others stay with you. To this day, I do have nightmares. It's not all the time, but now and then.'
The preceding events were a far cry from death and destruction.
'I'm Buddhist so as a whole family, we were on our way to a Buddhist temple around Galle,' he says.
'It was around 7-8am in the morning. On the way back home we decided to stop at a café next to the coast just to have a break from driving.
'10 minutes later, my dad went outside just to check on the car and he looked towards the sea and described to us that the waves were going back and building up.
'The next thing you know, he pretty much shouted for everyone to get up. We got outside, got into the car. There was a bridge that we needed to cross. As we were approaching the bridge, it literally got swept away by water so we couldn't get past that.
'There was a house next to it, so we parked our car in front of the house and just ran for our lives to get on to high ground. We got on to high ground and that was wave one done. There were three waves.
'It was a good 10 minutes of running to get to high ground with my dad carrying me as I was six at the time. If it wasn't for him, I wouldn't be here to be honest. I could see the waves coming, it was that bad.'
Then the country's recovery began, spearheaded by its notable figures within cricket.
'People who played the game of cricket had a massive impact,' he says.
The future is bright for the Middlesex prospect, who England are keeping an eye on
'Sanath Jayarsuriya, Aravinda da Silva, Murali — those are the kind of people who are able to do that kind of stuff and wanted to do it.
'That literally shows how good those people are. Some people who play at a high level in cricket, suddenly their whole body language and mindset changes.
'But these are the kind of people have the same mindset, same personality, nothing changes. Their work had a massive impact.
'They opened up the spaces for all the kids who couldn't afford to play cricket, they somehow made it happen. There were so many cricket camps that have been opened up since the tsunami. I would say the tsunami did increase opportunities for kids to play cricket.'
Now Walallawita has his sights firmly set on loftier heights thanks to his father Ajith.
'My dad used to play professional cricket in Sri Lanka so I really wanted to follow in his footsteps and play for the country,' he adds.
'I'm still very thankful to my dad — he's the main reason I'm here. He's the main reason I am still alive if I'm being honest. Looking back at it, I'm very grateful that I've been given another chance at life.'
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Michelin Dundee worker says government talks 'gave workers false hope'
by Lindsey Hamilton
December 3, 2018, 6:07 am Updated: December 3, 2018, 10:32 am
Michelin workers have said the news that the firm is to press ahead with the closure of its Dundee plant was a foregone conclusion.
Derek MacKay being interviewed after a meeting on the future of Michelin
The company announced last month that it intends to close the plant in 2020, resulting in a loss of about 850 jobs.
It was announced on Friday that there will be no U-turn on ending manufacturing at the Baldovie plant.
Bosses agreed to work with Scottish ministers on "repurposing" the factory after production ceases and a joint partnership has been agreed in a bid to develop a skills and training centre on the site.
One worker, 46, who has been with the firm for 25 years, said: "The past three weeks have been a political exercise to make it look like the Scottish Government, Dundee City Council and Michelin have been considering options that could save jobs.
"I understand they had to be seen to do that but it was never going to happen.
"It did give false hope to some but the majority of us realised that the factory would definitely close."
Speaking of plans to develop a skills and training centre, he said: "Hopefully some of the younger members of staff will benefit from the proposals, but for older lads like me it won't provide any future and we will need to look for new jobs."
Another worker, 53, who worked with the company for 18 years, said it is "gutting" that the plant is to close, but he said he isn't surprised.
He said: "None of us really thought the company would survive in the city following the original announcement. I don't know if there were will be positions saved for many of the young workers at the skills centre."
Another worker said: "I haven't decided whether to start looking for another job straight away or to hang on here in the meantime."
Economy Secretary Derek Mackay said: "Our shared aim is to now secure a long-term future for the site and to generate significant employment there."
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Michelin Dundee
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