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fivsonsmomPerfilLlibresGràfics i taulesRessenyesGaleria
Book Awards for fivsonsmom
Premis atorgats als llibres de la biblioteca de fivsonsmom
polymer clay books
painting books
The 100 Favorite Novels of Librarians (Anglès)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher (16)
ALA Notable Children's Book (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (1996)
BBC's Big Read (Anglès, Rus)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher (Best loved novel, 2003, No 50)
Boston Globe–Horn Book Award (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (Non-Fiction, 1992)
CCBC Choices (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (1992, 1995)
Harenberg Buch der 1000 Bücher (Alemany, Anglès)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher (3. Ausgabe)
A Horn Book Fanfare Best Book (Anglès)
IPPY Bronze (Anglès)
Applique the Basics and Beyond: The Complete Guide to Successful Machine and Hand Techniques with Dozens of Designs to Mix and Match de Janet Pittman (Crafts/Hobby, 2007)
IRA Children's Choices Reading List (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (1992-1994)
IRA Teachers' Choices Reading List (Anglès)
Koen Book Distributors Top 100 Books of the Past Century (Rus)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher
NCTE Adventuring with Books: A Booklist for Pre-K—Grade 6 (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (10th Edition: 1988-1992; 11th Edition: 1993-1995)
NCTE Kaleidoscope: A Multicultural Booklist for Grades K-8 (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (1st Edition, 1990-1992)
New York Times bestseller (Anglès, Castellà, Rus)
The South Beach Diet: The Delicious, Doctor-Designed, Foolproof Plan for Fast and Healthy Weight Loss de Arthur Agatston (Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous, 2003)
You: On A Diet: The Owner's Manual for Waist Management de Mehmet C. Oz (Advice, How-To & Miscellaneous, 2006)
The Snare of the Hunter de Helen MacInnes (Fiction, 1974)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher (Fiction, 1988)
Scarlett: The Sequel to Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind de Alexandra Ripley (Fiction, 1991)
Tara Road de Maeve Binchy (Fiction, 1999)
Trace: A Scarpetta Novel de Patricia Cornwell (Fiction, 2004)
Oprah's Book Club selection (Anglès)
Tara Road de Maeve Binchy (1999)
Orbis Pictus Award (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (Honor, 1993)
Publishers Weekly Bestseller (Anglès, Rus)
Publishers Weekly's Best Books of the Year (Rus)
You: On A Diet: The Owner's Manual for Waist Management de Mehmet C. Oz (Lifestye, 2006)
Sequoyah Book Award Nominee (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (Children's 1994-1995)
Texas Bluebonnet Award Nominee (Anglès)
Unsere Besten – Die Lieblingsbücher der Deutschen (Alemany)
The White Ravens (Anglès)
Talking with Artists, Vol. 1: Conversations with Victoria Chess, Pat Cummings, Leo and Diane Dillon, Richard Egielski, Lois Ehlert, Lisa Campbell Ernst, ... Smith, Chris Van Allsburg, and David Wiesner de Pat Cummings (English / USA, 1993)
Рейтинг Livelib (Rus)
The Shell Seekers de Rosamunde Pilcher (2002)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Emblematic Antarctica Cruise with National Geographic Norwegian Fjords and the magic of Spitsbergen with National Geographic From the English Shores to Ireland
Emblematic Antarctica Cruise with National Geographic
**SPECIAL OFFER**Early Booking Savings of up to 30% may be applied to all cruises on this ship. These savings vary according to the number of available cabins on the ship so please call our agents to get the most up-to-date price on your cruise. One of the most state-of-the-art ships, launched in May 2010, the luxury Le Boreal features a modern design, sleek silhouette and small size - just 142 metres in length. Le Boreal offers intimate itineraries to rare ports. A mega-yacht with 132 cabins, she is the fruit of the expertise of the Italian Fincantieri shipyard and offers utter French sophistication, as interpreted by designer Jean-Philippe Nuel, creating a unique atmosphere, a subtle blend of luxury, intimacy and well-being.
Board your flight in Buenos Aires to Ushuaia. Transfer from airport to hotel for excursion (pre-booked). Later embark the ship in Ushuaia.
Day 1: Ushuaia
Board flight from Buenos Aires to Ushuaia where you will be greeted at the airport and transferred (depending on your choice when booking) to the Arakur Hotel. Join your chosen excursion or enjoy time at leisure before transferring to the ship in Ushuaia. The capital of Argentina's Tierra del Fuego province, Ushuaia lies in a bay opening into the Beagle Channel at the country's southernmost tip. Its colourful houses are framed against towering mountains, snow-capped in winter and summer alike.
-54.801912100000000,-68.302951099999970
Days 2-3: Drake Passage
The one waterway dreaded by tourists, researchers and hardened seafarers alike, it is undoubtedly Drake Passage. Situated at the latitude of the infamous Furious Fifties winds, between Cape Horn and the South Shetland Islands, it is the shortest route to Antarctica. Seasoned navigators will tell you that you must earn your visit to the White Continent!
Days 4-8: Antarctica Peninsular
Spend the next two days exploring the magic of this region. Throughout your adventure in this icy realm, you will find yourself in the heart of a spectacular decor in subtle shades of blue and white, surrounded by exceptional wildlife. Penguins, humpback whales, seals and giant petrels are at home here, as are elephant seals, fur seals, Antarctic minke whales, and orcas. Each day, based on ice conditions, the Captain and the Expedition Leader will suggest Zodiac® outings or landings to discover the infinite riches of the Antarctic Peninsula. Glaciers, ice floe, tabletop icebergs, mountain peaks that plunge straight into the sea, volcanic beaches, research stations, enchanting bays, and vestiges of the whaling industry.
-81.834505308820300,-9.140625000000000
Days 9-10: Drake Passage
The next two days will be spent crossing the Drake Passage again en-route to Ushuaia.
Day 11: Ushuaia
Your voyage comes to an end in Ushuaia. Transfer from the ship to the airport to board your return flight to Buenos Aires.
Return flights Buenos Aires / Ushuaia plus transfers and excursion (choice to made upon booking)
10 Nights' accommodation on board Le Boreal
Full Board from dinner on the first day to breakfast on the last day
Mineral water, coffee and wine served with lunch and dinner
Afternoon tea daily
24 hour room service (selected menu)
Evening gatherings and organised entertainment
Porterage from the quayside to the ship and vice versa
English-speaking guest-speaker (when applicable)
Open Bar (pouring wines, house champagne, alcohol except premium brands...list available upon request)
Water sports activities (except scuba diving) using the ship's equipment, when permitted by local authorities and confirmed by ship Master according to safety and sea conditions onsite
Port Taxes
Outings and shore visits in Zodiac®inflatables with a team of experienced naturalist guides
A cruise in partnership with National Geographic Expeditions offering enrichment with a National Geographic Photographer and an Expert specialised in the destination onboard
Lectures and information sessions hosted by our naturalist-guides, covering wildlife, history, geopolitics, the great explorers, climate, environmental protection
Excludes
International transportation
Transfers to and from the ship
Optional excursions
Optional Spa package to be booked prior your departure
Visas (where required)
Optional premium package including one night in Ushuaia on the eve of boarding your ship and an excursion to Tierra del Fuego National Park (please contact us for more information)


Unlike most professional sport teams, the Los Angeles Dodgers do not have a mascot. But they do have Tommy Lasorda. No one bleeds Dodger Blue like Tommy Lasorda. I think history can debate his effectiveness as a strategist. I think history can debate his managerial approach. But the one thing it cannot debate is his energy, devotion, and passion for Dodger baseball.
My Way is a great book. It does not try to be anything more than a simple book about a simple man. This book is far from pretentious or flowery. It does not try to psychoanalyze Lasorda or parallel his managerial years to the ongoing identity of American society - trust me, these are common narratives in baseball books.
This book is about Tommy. It is told by the people who love Tommy - which is everyone who has ever met Tommy. If you love Tommy Lasorda, you will love this book. If you love the Los Angeles Dodgers, you obviously love this book. If you love great sport stories, you will love this book.


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Robert Cummings Neville (* 1. Mai 1939) ist ein US-amerikanischer Philosoph und methodistischer Theologe, Autor und langjähriger Dekan der Boston University School of Theology.

In seiner Dissertation an der Yale University, "God the Creator", entwickelt er einen Gottesbeweis. Anfang der 1990er Jahre ist er zu einem Vertreter der Komparativen Theologie geworden und hat den Konfuzianismus als Welt-Philosophie diskutiert.

Schriften

Monographien
 Soldier, sage, saint. New York: Fordham Univ. Pr. 1978.
 The Puritan smile: a look toward moral reflection. Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 1987. ISBN 0-88706-542-2
 Behind the masks of God: an essay toward comparative theology. Albany N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1991. ISBN 0-7914-0578-8
 God the creator: on the transcendence and presence of God. Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 1992(1968) ISBN 0-7914-0843-4
 Eternity and time's flow. Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 1993. [SUNY series in philosophy/ SUNY series in religion] ISBN 0-7914-1600-3
 Normative cultures. [Axiology of thinking series; 3] Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 1995. ISBN 0-7914-2577-0
 Boston Confucianism: portable tradition in the late-modern world. Albany, N.Y: State University of N.Y. Press, 2000. [SUNY series in Chinese philosophy and culture] ISBN 0-7914-4717-0
 The human condition. Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7914-4779-0
 Ultimate realities. Albany: State University of N.Y. Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7914-4775-8
 Symbols of Jesus: a christology of symbolic engagement. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001. ISBN 0-521-80787-5

Artikel
 Some Confucian-Christian comparisons. In: Journal of Chinese Philosophy; Vol. 22,4, 1995. S. 379–400.
 Rezension: Li Chenyang: The Tao Encounters the West: Explorations in Comparative Philosophy. [Chico, Calif., etc., American Academy of Religion] In: Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 69, no. 1, (2001): 244.
 Daoist relativism, ethical choice, and normative measure. In: Journal of Chinese philosophy. - Malden, Mass.; Vol. 29,1 (2002), S. 5–20.

Literatur
 Amos Yong (Hrsg.): Theology in global context: essays in honor of Robert Cummings Neville. New York: T&T Clark International, 2004. ISBN 0-567-02690-6

Weblinks
Kurzbiografie von Robert C. Neville (englisch)

Methodistischer Theologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Methodistischer Theologe (21. Jahrhundert)
Systematischer Theologe
Religionsphilosoph
Konfuzianischer Philosoph
Hochschullehrer (Boston University)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1939
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Joséphine Bowes, Countess of Montalbo (born Joséphine Benoîte Coffin-Chevallier; 1825 – 9 February 1874) was a French-born actress, artist, collector and patron of the arts. She was married to fellow collector John Bowes, son of John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She and her husband founded the Bowes Museum in Barnard Castle, Teesdale.

Early life
Joséphine Benoîte Coffin-Chevallier was born in 1825, the daughter of a clockmaker and an actress. She herself became an actress in Paris, appearing under the stage name Mlle. Delorme. She was a vaudeville performer, actress, comedienne, and singer in the Théâtre des Variétés. Coffin-Chevallier met John Bowes, a wealthy landowner, when he purchased—and then managed—the theatre. They found they held a mutual love of the arts, and it is believed that they began a relationship soon after they met in 1847. After they married in 1852, she retired from the stage to concentrate on her painting and art collecting.  As a wedding present, John Bowes bought her the former home of one of King Louis XV's mistresses, the Château du Barry, that became their residence.

Salon socialite
After her marriage to John Bowes, she became a noted hostess. She was considered one of the great salon holders and patrons of the arts in Paris at the time. The Revue Critique wrote of her 1860s gatherings of artists, intellectuals, and French society that 'the salons of Madame Bowes are counted among the most brilliant in Paris'. She was celebrated for her taste in fashion and jewellery, and an 1872 bill from one of her visits to the foremost couturier of the day, Charles Worth, comes to the equivalent of £114,000 in modern (2020) currency.

Work with the arts and philanthropy
Bowes became a patron of the arts on a grand scale, and is known to have commissioned plays from several playwrights of the time. She was also gifted in recognising what art works would become the next sensation, buying impressionist works before impressionism had made a great impact.

Bowes was a talented amateur artist who studied under the landscape painter Karl Josef Kuwasseg. She eventually became a skilled artist, with her work exhibited on four occasions in the late 1860s at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris and once at the Royal Academy in London—an unusual achievement for a woman of the time. The Bowes Museum still holds fifty-five of her paintings in its collection, most of which are landscapes.

Founding the Bowes Museum
In the 1860s, the Bowes conceived the idea of founding a museum filled with the already substantial collections of John's. Joséphine's vision was to create a place where the local coal miners and farmers could encounter fine art and improve their lives. She sold the Chateau du Barry in order to raise funds for the project, and is known to have sold some of the most valuable of her diamonds in order to fund the completion of the museum. She is widely credited by the museum as the driving force behind the project. The pair began the collection specifically destined for a museum in Bowes' ancestral lands in Teesdale in 1862. The couple commissioned the architect Jules Pellechet, who had already worked with them in France, to design a museum in Barnard Castle, which was the town nearest to John's family home, Streatlam Castle.

In the next twelve years, fifteen thousand objects were purchased to fill the projected building. Bowes collected pieces across a broad spectrum. From the records that are left, Bowes collection archivists surmise that Bowes used her own artistic eye in collecting decorative arts pieces such as ceramics, silverware, and tapestries. She also made extensive purchases from the International Exhibitions held in Paris in 1862, 1867, and in London in 1871. Her purchases of paintings benefited from her friendships with young artists, and she also worked with two Parisian dealers, Mme Lepautre and A. Lamer, who left annotated records of their dealings, which are still held by the museum. She purchased works by artists as diverse as El Greco, Cannaletto, Boucher, Anne Vallayer-Coster, Courbet, and Charles Joshua Chaplin.

Personal life
The couple did not have children. In 1868, Her husband purchased the title of Countess of Montalbo for Bowes, from the nation of San Marino, to elevate her status. As an illegitimate son, John Bowes had not inherited his father's titles. They visited his family estates in Durham in the United Kingdom regularly, however, and chose that location to create the art museum to both cater to the local people's need for art and to create a legacy. Bowes had dedicated herself to building up a collection worthy of the museum, buying art which even if not to her taste, she felt was necessary to show in such a location.

At the ceremony to mark the laying of the foundation stone, Bowes reportedly said to her husband: 'I lay the bottom stone, and you, Mr Bowes, will lay the top stone'. Joséphine officially laid the foundation stone of the museum on 27 November 1869, but she was apparently too ill to do so physically, and merely touched it with a trowel. The museum building, in the style of a French chateau, was not completed until 1892. Bowes did not live to see it completed. She had experienced bouts of ill health since the 1850s, and died of lung disease at the age of forty-eight in Paris on 9 February 1874. Even in the last days of her life, she is known to have spent time ensuring new items of the museum collection were sent to Teesdale. John Bowes died in October 1885 at Streatlam, and was interred next to Joséphine at Gibside.

References

1825 births
1874 deaths
19th-century French women artists
Artists from Paris
French salon-holders
French art collectors
19th-century French philanthropists
19th-century art collectors
Vaudeville performers
Women philanthropists
19th-century actresses
19th-century French singers


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Catafago Fini LLP
Bankruptcy / COVID-19
Catafago Fini in the News
Catafago Fini Defeats Class Certification of Meal Break
and Overtime Wage Claims
Catafago Fini LLP scored a major victory in the New York State Supreme Court on September 16, 2020, in defeating a motion seeking class certification of purported meal break and overtime claims under New York Labor Law. The case is captioned Gang Li v. Wing Keung Enterprises, Inc., et al. Index No. 713860/2018 (N.Y. Supreme Court, Queens County). The news release is at this link.
Catafago Fini Defeats Consumer Class Action in Second Circuit
Catafago Fini recently scored yet another win in the Second Circuit, in which it defeated a major consumer class action. In Axon v. Florida's Natural Growers Inc., 19-203-cv (2nd Cir. May 29, 2020), the plaintiff brought a class action against our client, who produces Florida's Natural Orange Juice — one of the leading orange juice brands in the nation. The plaintiff filed suit in the Southern District of New York, claiming that oranges from Florida contain trace amounts of glyphosate, a chemical used in herbicides to enable Florida orange growers to protect oranges from destruction from weeds. The District Court accepted our arguments and dismissed the case. On appeal, the Second Circuit agreed with us: that the use of the phrase "Florida's Natural" was not misleading. The orange juice is truthfully natural, in that it is made only from oranges, with no chemicals or other ingredients added by our client. The fact that all oranges grown in Florida (or for that matter, the world) may have extremely small trace amounts of herbicides in no way "misleads" the consuming public by using the phrase "Florida's Natural" in the brand. This was not only a win for our client and the Firm, but also for common sense.
The Court Listener news post is here.
The Second Circuit decision is here.
Court Listener
Catafago Fini Defeats Berkshire Hathaway Insurance Unit
in the Second Circuit
Catafago Fini LLP made headlines in scoring another victory in the Second Circuit against a Berkshire Hathaway insurance unit. In this case, United States Liability Company attempted to avoid its insurance obligations under a general liability policy. The Firm defeated all of the insurance company's arguments. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with our argument that USLI waited too long — more than two years — to come up with a belated "rescission" argument. Moreover, the Firm defeated USLI's attempt to avoid coverage under two exclusions, one for bodily injury to employees, and one for "construction." Catafago Fini partner Tom M. Fini was quoted in Business Insurance: "'There's a very troubling trend in America where insurers sneak these vague exclusions into their policies' and then after collecting premiums 'try to avoid coverage.' Policyholders that pay their premiums expect coverage, he said."
The news article is here.
The court decision is here.
Catafago Fini LLP Wins Dismissal for Air China
Catafago Fini has scored another victory for Air China. In Peng Sheng Huang v. Air China Limited et al., Index No. 706696/2017 (New York Supreme Court, Queens County), the Plaintiff alleged that Air China "tortiously interfered" with an alleged shareholder agreement for a company that managed property of Air China. Partner Jacques Catafago moved for summary judgment on behalf of Air China. On December 31, 2019, the Court ruled in Air China's favor, granting summary judgment and dismissing the claim against Air China in its entirety. As the Court held, there was no evidence that Air China even knew about the alleged agreement, and certainly no evidence that Air China in any way interfered with any agreement or acted improperly. This is Catafago Fini's latest success in obtaining dismissing of actions brought against Air China. The December 31, 2019 Court decision is here.
Catafago Fini Leads Air China to Victory In Dismissal
of Retaliation Claim
Representing Air China, Catafago Fini obtained dismissal with prejudice of a complaint alleging sexual harassment and retaliation (Peng v. Air China Limited et al., Index No. 706584/2018 (New York Supreme Court, Queens County)). This victory came after the Firm won dismissal of an earlier federal action brought by the same adversary. The November 20, 2018 Court decision is below. The adversary's appeal of this decision also was dismissed. The court order is here.
Catafago Fini LLP Defeats Attempt to Block Subpoena And Seal Court Pleadings In High-Profile Freedom of Speech Case
The New York Times and the New York Law Journal recently covered a significant victory by the Firm in defeating the attempt by an adversary to seal court records in a high-profile freedom of speech case pending in Brooklyn federal court.
New York Law Journal
Supreme Court Committee of New York County Lawyers Association Honors Justice Richter
Justice Rosalyn Richter of the New York Appellate Division, First Department, was awarded the prestigious Justice Louis L. Capozzoli Gavil Award by the Supreme Court Committee of the New York County Lawyers Association. Tom Fini, one of the Firm's co-founders, is co-Chair of the Supreme Court Committee.
The Firm Brings Cutting-Edge Lawsuit to Stop Second-Hand
Smoke From Harming Cancer Survivor
The Firm brought a lawsuit in New York Supreme Court to stop a cancer survivor from being harmed by second hand smoke that was entering his apartment. The suit – which was successful in stopping the second hand smoke — seized on an increased recognition by courts that second-hand smoke kills and gives rise to claims.
The Firm Defeats A $10 Million Attachment Of Assets Sought In
Catafago Fini LLP was part of a legal team that successfully defeated a $10 million attachment sought against a global technology company in federal court.
The Firm Wins Dismissal of a Defamation Action Brought By Lindsay Lohan Against Fox News Commentator
The Firm was part of a legal team that was successful in defeating a defamation claim that was brought by Lindsay Lohan and her mother against Fox News commentator Michelle Fields. The New York State Supreme Court granted the Firm's motion to dismiss. In throwing out the case, the court held that the Lohans were public figures, and that comments about drug use by the Lohans could not support a defamation action. After all, reasoned the Court, "truth is a defense" to a defamation claim.
HNGN
Co-Founder Jacques Catafago Featured In New York Times in Battle Against F. Lee Bailey
Firm co-founder Jacques Catafago was featured in the New York Times for his leading role in the well-publicized battle over the breakup of F. Lee Bailey's old law firm.
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text:
Philedonides is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

Species
Philedonides lunana (Thunberg & Borgström, 1784)
Philedonides rhombicana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
Philedonides seeboldiana (Rössler, 1877)

See also
List of Tortricidae genera

References

External links
tortricidae.com

Archipini
Tortricidae genera


Commemorating the Career of Jose Gonzales « Oltmans Construction Co.
WHITTIER, CA – January 5, 2017 – Jose Gonzales – TI Superintendent – Recently retired on December 28, 2016 after nearly twenty years with Oltmans Construction Co. He started in 1997 as Carpenter Apprentice on his first project, the Ashland Chemical Facility, and was quickly recognized as a strong leader and hard worker.
What do you remember most about working at Oltmans?
I remember working with all of the superintendents. I became a Tenant Improvements project closer, so to speak, coming in towards the end of a project to go through the punch list and finish the final touches before turning over to the owner. Every job is different and unique. I got to work very closely with the other superintendents, which was a great experience.
How was your overall experience at Oltmans?
Overall, working with Oltmans has been a pleasure. My experience working with the guys have been amazing. As I said before, our crew did a lot of the close-out work for TIs, so there was a lot of high-end finishes. It was quite an experience because of all the high-quality work that had to be done, and at the end you have a really beautiful project to look at. It was a lot of fun. Every project was unique. You never get bored.
Working on Emulex in Costa Mesa was a great experience, same with Deckers in Goleta. The creative projects are definitely memorable. My favorite projects tend to be the unique, high-end jobs. These also tend to be the most challenging, but who doesn't like a good challenge? What makes it enjoyable is finding all the tiny details that generally get overlooked in plans and finding solutions for them on the spot. We are in the business of problem solving, and at the end of the day really great and unique projects are realized.
I have always wanted to travel. I didn't do much of it when I was younger, so I would really love to go out and visit some national parks, especially Yellowstone National Park. Any place that has great scenery, really. Even if it means going on a cruise or flying somewhere and simply enjoying the view.
For young carpenters, I would advise to do your best because you are working for one of the best companies around. You are going to be learning new things every day. I am still learning things, and I have been in the trade for a few decades now. Also, don't be afraid to learn or pick up ideas from other people, superintendents, carpenters, etc. We are all working towards the same goal in a project, and someone may have a trick, or a better way of doing something. Be open to ideas.
I worked my way up fairly quickly by working hard and learning from other people. Being able to jump into different projects you need to learn how to hit the ground running, and that all comes with experience. Strive to always come to work ready to learn and improve your skills and craft. Every day.
On behalf of everyone here at Oltmans, we thank you, Jose, for all of your hard work and dedication, and may you enjoy your travels wherever they take you.


Our cover story on the death of a Spokane teen has sparked a much-needed conversation on suicide.
How the city's second-poorest high school was picked to pilot a unique college-prep course.
Opponents of a new casino in Airway Heights emerge. Plus, a state Supreme Court judge and April's ballot.
Musician and designer Dan Spalding returns to the paintbrush.
The Scream Sirens celebrate blood, guts and pin-ups with their online magazine for women.
The newest edition of Angry Birds is here. Plus, it's the beginning of the cycling season!
How guitars made in an Eastern Washington woodshop are making their way into the hands of players around the globe.
In North Idaho, diners want to know the people who made their food.
Yes, Brothers of Midnite are trying to scare you.
Food, family and horses - all to be discussed at the Native American Film Festival.


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Mars DVD
Expanding streaming, its ecological footprint too
Watching your favorite series at home on your computer or in the transport on your laptop is less polluting than a DVD made on the other side of the world and delivered by courier as Netflix did at the beginning? Not so simple, experts say in the face of the streaming explosion.
Video streaming now accounts for 60.6% of global Internet traffic, according to the latest report (September 2019) from the Canadian company Sandvine, a network equipment specialist. Of this total, Google (with YouTube) represents 12%, Netflix 11.44%.
But if digital broadcasting seems dematerialized, it is not immaterial: terminals, storage and distribution networks, all consume energy.
Or, according to calculations by the Shift Project, a French research group that published a report in July on "the unsustainable use of online video", the annual equivalent for the sole streaming of CO2 emissions from a country like Spain, or 1% of global emissions.
Video on demand – with its giants Netflix or Amazon and soon Apple or Disney – dominates, accounting for 34% of the total (Shift Project). In equivalent tons of CO2: 102 million, roughly the annual emissions of Chile, the country that hosts the major COP 25 climate conference in December!
Next come pornographic videos, 27% of the total, Internet tubes (21%) and other uses (18%), especially the booming social network video sector.
"Digital video is a very large file and grows with each generation of higher definition," says Gary Cook, who follows the sector for Greenpeace in the United States. Ultra HD, 4K, 8K announced… the manufacturers are competing. But "more data equals more energy to maintain a system ready to stream this video to your device in the second".
Because streaming is "a set of digital resources mobilized for a customer watching a video", unlike conventional television where a transmitter waters all spectators, underlines Laurent Lefevre of the Institut national (français) de recherche en sciences du numérique (Inria). This puts a lot of pressure on three axes: terminal equipment, networks and data centres.
Especially since the consumer wants a fast and hiccups-free service. As a result, "everyone is oversizing the equipment, resulting in a waste of resources at all levels," continues the researcher, who is also deputy director of the CNRS EcoInfo group.
Technical solutions or "rebound effect"?
Hosters and/or broadcasters work a lot on the search for technical improvements, for example for cooling data centers or encoding to make videos less "heavy".
But specialists warn against the famous "rebound effect", which means that improvements in the techniques of using a resource actually increase its overall consumption.
"Technological improvement creates new uses and these uses influence products themselves, such as video on social networks that has spread in marketing, notes Maxime Efoui-Hess, author of the Shift Project study.
Not to mention the technophile culture of the unlimited (pipes or content) such as recommendation algorithms or autoplay modes encourage binge watching.
The ecological footprint of streaming should therefore grow exponentially, especially as Internet use is spreading more and more throughout the world.
Avenues for the future-
Since a technological step backwards is excluded, the researchers recommend, in particular, awareness-raising.
For Gary Cook of Greenpeace,"the exercise of collective responsibility, by requiring Internet giants to quickly switch their data centers to renewable energy has been the main driver of change so far.
We can also ensure that consumption has as little impact as possible," suggests Laurent Lefevre: "The worst thing is to watch on a 3G mobile phone. It's better to look at home with a fiber optic connection."
The ShiftProject, which advocates a debate on "digital sobriety", has put online the "carbonalyser", an extension of an internet browser that translates your activities on the web into CO2 equivalent. "We must put ourselves in a position to question uses that have not yet been discussed collectively," says Maxime Efoui-Hess.
ONLY ON MARCH


Wurzb.-6238 variety, struck in Prussia ca. 1774 to honor Moses Mendelssohn, founder of the Haskala movement and author of PHÆDON published in that year. Dies by I. Abraham. Silver, 43mm.
In the category of "And now for something completely different", we are pleased to present this striking piece with an image of a Butterfly perched on a cracked human Skull symbolizing the immortality of the soul on one side, and a portrait of Mendelssohn on the other.
The piece itself is the finest we have seen, proof-like, with colorful old cabinet toning on the obverse and reverse and would be graded MS64 or so save for a an old, unobtrusive scratch above the P in PHÆDON (in the same place where we have observed similar marks on other examples of this type, indicating perhaps an old mount or bezel mark).
And while we would of course prefer that this piece was utterly pristine, we doubt very much such an example exists.


Education & Experience. James "Jay" Griffin has won numerous awards, written for various publications and made a host of presentations relating to energy and costs. He holds an undergraduate degree in political economy, two separate master's degrees in economics, and in public policy and environmental management and earned his Ph.D. in policy analysis. He's worked for the RAND Corporation as a policy analyst in Santa Monica, California; a conservation organizer for the Sierra Club, Hawaii Chapter; and as a watershed inventory and assessment project manager for the Hanalei Heritage River Program. He's currently on a leave of absence from his post as assistant specialist for the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute and now serves as chief of policy and research for the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission. His professional associations and affiliations include member of the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative Electricity Working Group and a mentor for the Hawaii Renewable Energy Venture Energy Excellerator.
What do you hope this Energy Conference will accomplish? I believe this Energy Conference is an outstanding opportunity and setting to discuss the future of the electric utility industry. Hawaii's local utilities are a "postcard from the future." We are currently experiencing many of the forces that will shape other utilities in the future. By addressing many of these pertinent issues today, we hope to set a model for the future of the utility industry.
What is your vision for the future of energy? Clean, affordable energy services with an array of new choices and opportunities for customers.
Why do you think it's been challenging to transition from fossil fuel generated power to alternative renewable energy? Electric utilities and the regulatory model are a complex system that does not change overnight. That said, Hawaii has been increasing the amount of renewable energy at a rapid pace because the economics favor renewables relative to today's price of oil.
Hawaii has the highest electric rates in the United States. How do you think this should be addressed? Electric utilities and the regulatory model are a complex system that does not change overnight. That said, Hawaii has been increasing the amount of renewable energy at a rapid pace because the economics favor renewables relative to today's price of oil.
Why do you believe it's important to have open and frank discussions about the future of energy? Electric utilities and the regulatory model are a complex system that does not change overnight. That said, Hawaii has been increasing the amount of renewable energy at a rapid pace because the economics favor renewables relative to today's price of oil.


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Cash Ban For Scrap Cars Sydney & Metals Dealers
Selling scrap cars in Sydney has been a great business for many. There is said to be around 600 to 700 business that works in this line of the industry in the New South Wales region alone.
Why the Cash Ban Was Deemed Necessary
However, undocumented business deals were plaguing the industry, thanks to a few unscrupulous Cash for Car Dealers who were looking to do backyard deals. Since typically, such dealers who engage in shady practices, such as not requiring sellers to show proof of ownership of the car or specifics of any registration, it became a good avenue for tax evasion.
Undocumented dealings meant that there was no way to track down the stolen cars or to catch the thieves who had committed the crime and who continued to do so fearlessly. As this loophole in the security of residents was discovered, a bill was passed to put an end to such practices.
Scrap Metal Industry Bill – What Is It?
Ban On Cash Payments for Scrap Cars
This bill requires all scrap metal businesses to be lawfully registered by going through a process of registration by filling out forms and such. At the end of the whole procedure, if the business' registration information is as prescribed by the regulations, then the commissioner of police issues the business a certificate of registration that makes the existence of the business lawful.
EFTPOS Payments Are The New Reality
Through this bill, paying the customers cash is made a legal offense and is punishable by 100 penalty units. Thus, payments will henceforth only be made through EFTPOS transfers or cheques. While the bill was passed to curtail illegal activities and put a stop to undocumented car sales, a total ban on cash payments has disgruntled Sydney car sellers.
Police Given Right To Search Without Warrant
The bill also requires cash for car dealers to record the details of their customer and the scrap car for every transaction. The businesses are directly answerable to the commissioner of police. The police through this bill have also been empowered and given the right to search without warrant and arrest on legal grounds, anyone deemed responsible for illegal activities in the business. For more information visit Police NSW.
Metro Car Removal is a Sydney wide car removal service that can help you to get rid of your scrap cars at amazing rates. Give us a call today on 0422 600 833 or email us.


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Eremippus qilianshanensis är en insektsart som beskrevs av Yong Shan Lian och Z. Zheng 1984. Eremippus qilianshanensis ingår i släktet Eremippus och familjen gräshoppor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gräshoppor
qilianshanensis


text:
By Ken Ludwig
Plaza Theatre Company
Director – JaceSon P. Barrus
Stage Manager – Lindsay Batt
Costume Design – Tina Barrus
Set Design – JaceSon P. Barrus/Mel Diyer
Sound Design – G. Aaron Siler
Lighting Design – Cameron Barrus
Fight Choreography – Luke Hunt
Original Music – Parker Barrus
Jim Hawkins – Stephen Newton
Long John Silver/Peter Hawkins – Luke Hunt
Capt. Flint/Dr. Livesey – Robert Shores
George Merry – Freddy Martinez Jr
Black Dog/Capt. Smollet – Jesse Bowron
Israel Hands – Toby Burris
Squire Trewlawney – Matthew Wise
Blind Pew/Calico Jack/Bailiff - Jay A. Cornils
Billy Bones – G. Aaron Siler
Job O'Brien – Christopher Coe, Mel Diyer
Rev, Mainwaring/Josaiah Bland – Quentin Scott
Jimmy Rathbone/Cut Purse/Tom Morgan – Saul Sanchez
Ezekial Hazard/Inn Guest/Boy w/ Barrow – Jake Branham
Mrs. Hawkins/Anne Bonny – Katherine Anthony, Madison Heaps
Justice Death – Jay Lewis
Mary Read/Widow Drews – Stacy Blanton, Bentliegh Nesbit
Reviewed by Richard P. Buswold, Associate Critic for John Garcia's THE COLUMN
**UPDATED VERSION OF ORIGINAL REVIEW
EDITOR'S NOTE: The transferring of the review from the critic's document to the website left part of the original review left off. Here is the full version of the review.
How can a play be comfortable? I've been asking myself that since seeing "Treasure Island" at the Plaza Theatre Company in Cleburne. The show was solid entertainment in every aspect, the acting, the set, the costuming, the lighting, the swordplay. As a critic, I am supposed to pick apart productions and tell you what was good, bad, excellent or pathetic. I must be honest and say that it is very difficult to do with this production. Everything was good, not bad. The melee of swordplay in the second act was excellent and absolutely nothing even approached the pathetic.
So, I will start with Stephen Newton as Jim Hawkins. This actor must carry the show and that is a lot to ask of a pre-teen boy. To find a young actor with that much talent, stage presence and acting chops is rare and a blessing. Newton, a Caleb Midkiff Award winner, is exactly that. He took his position on stage as the storyteller and lead actor and beautifully orchestrated the show. Not once did I notice a flubbed line or missed transition. It was a wonderful thing to watch.
His friend/mentor/nemesis is expertly played by Luke Hunt. As Long John Silver, Hunt is the perfect combination of a devious rat and kind humanist. With his large frame, wide eyes and flowing hair, he LOOKS like he could have been the Long John Silver in Robert Louis Stephenson's imagination. Treasure Island cannot be staged without swashbuckling and the swordplay in this production is the product of his choreography. The melee in the second act ranks as one of the top things I have seen on stage this year. Every actor was fully engaged, lots of swords clanking, lots of yelling, people falling... I wish it would have gone on for a few more minutes. Being an alumnus of Scarborough Faire and knowing and seeing what goes into a good staged swordfight, I was most impressed. Bravo Mr. Hunt and bravo to the company.
G. Aaron Siler and Mathew Wise as the thieving pirate, Billy Bones and the foppish Squire Trewlawney respectively were wholly entertaining if maybe a bit over the top once or twice.
The rest of the cast is as solid as can be. It is not often that I just can't point to one or two actors to say that they were a weak link but, it just isn't there with Treasure Island. JaceSon should be recognized for assembling this top notch cast and bringing out the absolute best in their collective performance.
One of the things that always intrigues me with theatre-in-the-round is how the set designers overcome sightlines. In a proscenium theatre, you have a back drop and set pieces. Here, you have that taken away. Door frames and walls are only half built so the audience's imagination fills in the rest. Growing up in the Fort Worth area, most of my early exposure to theatre was Casa Manana (before they cut it in half) so theatre-in-the-round is very natural and comfortable for me. There's that word again.
As you enter the theater, you quickly realize that you are on the ship. I do mean you are on it. The mast is prominent in the middle of the room and most of the patrons must walk past the ship's wheel to get to their seats. The rigging' is down on both sides of the stage and the rails actually butt up right on the first-row audience members. When the scene switches to land, the rigging' neatly sweeps up into a non-existent fly space. It really is quite ingenious. There is one space used a bit off the main stage behind a projection screen that, unfortunately, gets lost to about a fourth of the audience. From my seat all I ever saw of those scenes was the Squire's hat.
Which brings me to the costumes. A period piece such as this is always very costume heavy; the long coats, the tricorns, the ruffled blouses and the shoes. None of Tina Barrus' pieces looked amateurish at all. The shoes, often overlooked or way overdone, were all perfectly period looking. Except maybe for Long John Silver's peg leg. Most of the time when this show is produced, the actor either bends his leg up and a peg leg is lashed onto the knee in some fashion or the actor spends the entire play with his foot, ballet pointed-toe fashion, stuck in some hollowed-out stump. What they used was a far too modern looking walking cast with pristine leather belts around it. It didn't look at all like a peg leg but Luke Hunt did such a fine job with his character, I can excuse that. Especially when I found out that the last time he performed this roll at Plaza, he did that whole ballet thing... and ended up with a fractured bone in his foot.
The cutlasses, the sabers and even the katana all looked and sounded as if they could be used in real battles. Props to the prop mistress, Soni Barrus, for assembling that collection.
This was my first time ever in the Plaza Theatre. It is a community theatre much like most of the theatres I go to. One major difference it the technical layout. I have been to several theatres this past year where the lighting system is outdated or simply lacking and others where the sound system had more than a few crackles and crinkles. Truthfully, I really don't see the necessity for mic-ing every performer in such a small house. In fact, during some of the screaming and pleading of the first scene it got so loud and overpowering through the speakers that my young daughter and I covered our ears simply because it was so loud! That aside, the sound was fine throughout the show. I took exceptional notice of the lighting system at the Plaza. Top notch, state of the art LED lighting that was not only very flexible but compact enough to not distract in such a small performance space.
I must interject here that the Plaza is moving into a bigger space next year with a bigger stage and 100 more seats for the audience. I am really looking forward to that theatre experience in 2018.
The show is short, 102 minutes without the intermission and it is familiar. It is not a show designed to shock, nor is it intended to make you leave the theatre and have an in-depth introspection on your life. It isn't a laugh-fest or heavy drama. I left the theatre with a sense of calm and relaxation that comes from something comfortable and I couldn't get that word out of my head for two days. Therefore, this is a comfortable show, and I mean that as a very fine compliment.
TREASURE ISLAND plays through October 7th at the Plaza Theatre in Cleburne
Half a block south of the courthouse on Main ST
Thursday, Friday and Saturday—7:30 PM
Saturday Matinee—3: PM
For more information or to purchase tickets go to:
www.plaz-theatre.com or call 817-202-0600


I am 27, live in Lincolnshire, UK and I am currently a full time stay-at-home mama, but I am planning on going back to work in the near future. I blog here, make stuff, bake stuff and love interior design so my house decor is always being added to!
I have a lovely husband called Chris, a four-year-old daughter called Poppy who you will probably see in many posts.
My main passion is learning new crafts, which explains me being a bit of a jack of all trades! I have a degree in Printed Textiles for Fashion and nobody knows what that means, it involved a lot of printing and dyeing and a bit of sewing.
I also love old Volkswagens and would love to get another one soon. I don't have any pets, I do love animals, but I don't like cleaning up poop!
I love Scandinavian design, which probably stems from visiting family in Sweden, my favourite country I've ever visited. I did start learning Swedish a while back, but it's been slow progress!
I also try and volunteer if I can here and there, currently at a local castle!
So that's a bit about me and will hopefully give a bit of insight into why my posts are so varied. I always have a lot to say, however I try and keep my writing concise so you don't get bored of me waffling on!
If you have any questions please feel free to drop me a message, or if you have any posts you would like me to cover or do more of just let me know! To find me in other places on the internet, check out the links on the right hand side and don't forget to visit my shop!


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Q: apache bench gnuplot output - what are the column definitions? I am using ApacheBench to get some basic timing information.  Meeting my needs very well.  I noticed that "-g file" creates a tab delim'ed file with each call as a row.  I am unable to determine the definition of the columns however.  Here is my best guess:
starttime: self-explanatory, the time that this call started
seconds: based on data, I think this may be "starttime" in a different format
ctime: ?, has a 0 value for each row for me, so no idea
dtime, ttime, wait: either dtime or ttime or wait appear to be the "time that this call took in ms"
The AB documentation doesn't seem to cover the output format.  Anyone know what these columns mean, or where I can find some documentation?

A: I came to the same results as saltycrane, but want to make some additions (and want to sum things up):

*

*starttime: self-explanatory, the time that this call started (as stated in question)

*seconds: starttime as unix timestamp (date -d @1306437842 returns starttime output)

*ctime: Connection Time

*dtime: Processing Time

*ttime: Total Time (ttime = ctime + dtime)

*wait: Waiting Time

A: Here is what I have deduced:

*

*ctime: Connection Time

*dtime: Processing Time

*ttime: Total Time

*wait: Waiting Time

How I deduced this:
$ ab -v 2 -n 1 -c 1 -g output.txt http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5929104/apache-bench-gnuplot-output-wha
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking stackoverflow.com (be patient)...INFO: POST header ==
---
GET /questions/5929104/apache-bench-gnuplot-output-what-are-the-column-definitions HTTP/1.0
Host: stackoverflow.com
User-Agent: ApacheBench/2.3
Accept: */*

---
LOG: header received:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: public, max-age=60
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Expires: Thu, 26 May 2011 19:24:52 GMT
Last-Modified: Thu, 26 May 2011 19:23:52 GMT
Vary: *
Date: Thu, 26 May 2011 19:23:51 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Length: 29118

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>

<title>performance testing - apache bench gnuplot output - what are the column definitions? - Stack Overflow
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Stack Overflow" href="/opensearch.xml
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5.2/jquery.min.js"></scrip
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.sstatic.net/js/stub.js?v=005820c36f6e"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/all.css?v=d75e6659067e">

    <link rel="canonical" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5929104/apache-bench-gnuplot-output-what-
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Feed for question 'apache bench gnuplot output
..done

Server Software:
Server Hostname:        stackoverflow.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /questions/5929104/apache-bench-gnuplot-output-what-are-the-column-definitions
Document Length:        29118 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   0.330 seconds
Complete requests:      1
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      29386 bytes
HTML transferred:       29118 bytes
Requests per second:    3.03 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       329.777 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       329.777 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          87.02 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       79   79   0.0     79      79
Processing:   251  251   0.0    251     251
Waiting:       91   91   0.0     91      91
Total:        330  330   0.0    330     330

Compare to:
$ cat output.txt
starttime       seconds ctime   dtime   ttime   wait
Thu May 26 12:24:02 2011        1306437842      79      251     330     91

A: There's a good explanation here (including wait that's missing from the accepted answer):

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


stdClass Object ( [id] => 538200 [report_title] => Global BOPP Synthetic Paper Market Insights, Forecast to 2025 [Report_URL] => global-bopp-synthetic-paper-market-insights-forecast-to-2025 [Report_Description] => [reportSummary] => This report researches the worldwide BOPP Synthetic Paper market size (value, capacity, production and consumption) in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific (China, Japan) and other regions.
This study categorizes the global BOPP Synthetic Paper breakdown data by manufacturers, region, type and application, also analyzes the market status, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, risks and entry barriers, sales channels, distributors and Porter's Five Forces Analysis.
BOPP Synthetic Paper is Biaxial Oriented Polypropylene Synthetic Paper. There are two type of Synthetic Paper: BOPP and HDPE. Synthetic paper, from its early development and historical evolution, has typically been manufactured using synthetic resin derived from petroleum as its primary material. Naturally, this has given it characteristics similar to those of plastic film, but its appearance is remarkably similar to that of regular paper made from wood pulp. In addition, many synthetic papers have properties similar to those of regular paper.
Asia region is the largest supplier of BOPP Synthetic Paper, with a production market share nearly 53.2% in 2016. North America is the second largest supplier of Synthetic Paper, enjoying production market share about 41.3% in 2016.
Market competition is intense. Yupo, Nan Ya Plastics are the leaders of the industry, and they hold key technologies and patents, with high-end customers; have been formed in the monopoly position in the industry.
Global BOPP Synthetic Paper market size will increase to 260 Million US$ by 2025, from 170 Million US$ in 2017, at a CAGR of 5.7% during the forecast period. In this study, 2017 has been considered as the base year and 2018 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for BOPP Synthetic Paper.
To focus on the key BOPP Synthetic Paper manufacturers and study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in next few years.
This report researches the worldwide BOPP Synthetic Paper market size (value, capacity, production and consumption) in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific (China, Japan) and other regions.


Jenni Anne Band (JAB) is a variety musical act showcasing Jennifer Eagan's vocals. We are generally an acoustic ensemble, often adding Chris Johann's bass guitar and djembe creating a fuller mix. JAB's repertoire offers a wide range of genres from every decade imaginable (styles include: classic-rock, top-40, blues, country, pop, rockabilly, folk, girl-group and more). JAB provides high quality pro sound, and is capable of entertaining a dining clientele in addition to your late night bar customers. We customize every show based on your venues specific needs and desires.
JAB offers competitive rates and a large following in Baltimore County and surrounding areas. We are looking forward to bringing the party to your establishment; contact Jenni and book a JAB show today!
Thanks for visiting! Contact us at jennianneband@gmail.com to book a show.


text:
Teaching About Extinction Events at Key Stages 3 and 4
By Mike| 2021-01-15T18:23:18+00:00	June 11th, 2014|Key Stage 3/4|Comments Off on Teaching About Extinction Events at Key Stages 3 and 4
Developing Thinking Skills – Challenging Current Theories
With the roll out of the new curriculum in England now only a few weeks away, it is an opportune time to reflect on how aspects of scientific enquiry will be taught at Key Stages Three and Four. There is a greater emphasis on the individual science subject areas underpinned by the concept of applying scientific thinking and by "working scientifically". The fossil and dinosaur themed workshops conducted by team members at Everything Dinosaur already apply these principles, they demonstrate the links between observation, investigation and experimentation. Team members are in the process of developing a range of new lesson plans, aimed at students in Year 7 and above.
Developing Creative Thinking to Challenge Established Ideas
Helping to reinforce learning by exploring ideas.
With subject areas such as genetics, evolution and natural selection now covered at the Key Stage Three level, it is important that teaching is directed towards encouraging the development of higher order thinking skills. Students will be asked to build on acquired knowledge from previous studies and to make connections between science subjects. For example, learning about Darwin's theory of natural selection as outlined in his ground-breaking book, "The Origin of Species", then applying this knowledge to other curriculum topics such as climate change, extinction and the interrelationships between living things.
The new curriculum in England is described as "rigorous", it will challenge both students and teaching professionals.
To receive more information about Everything Dinosaur's work in schools: Contact Us to Learn More about School Workshops
Higher order thinking skills can be seen as a hierarchy, with a taxonomic structure from simply knowing about something to moving through several cognitive phases where by the student develops greater understanding and can apply similar concepts in other related areas of study. Teaching professionals should encourage students to analysis and evaluate ideas. Ultimately, when combined with a method that embraces scientific working, more able, confident students might be comfortable with challenging theories and established ideas.
Dinosaurs, Fossils, Extinction for Key Stages 3 and 4
By Mike| 2014-08-26T14:55:40+01:00	June 11th, 2014|Educational Activities, Main Page, Teaching|0 Comments
Higher Order Thinking Skills Encouraged in Key Stages 3 and 4
Science remains at the core of the national curriculum for the United Kingdom. Although there may be differences in the structure of the education systems in Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland, there is a strong emphasis on studying science subjects and with the new curriculum due to roll out in England from next September, the focus is on learning how to work scientifically. The dinosaur and fossil themed workshops conducted by Everything Dinosaur have always attempted to demonstrate the links between observation, investigation, experimentation and evaluation. Staff are busy preparing new lesson plans, specifically aimed at students in Year 7 and upwards.
Dinosaur, Extinction and Evolution (Key Stages 3 and 4)
Looking at the evolution of H. sapiens with Key Stage 3.
For Key Stage 3 for example, science teaching is now directed towards outcomes such as the encouragement of higher order thinking skills. Students are encouraged to build on acquired knowledge learned in Key Stage 2 and to make connections between different areas of science. At Everything Dinosaur, we use real aspects of palaeontology to explore key elements such as food chains, the interrelationships between living things, environmental change and extinction.
We aim to enthuse, motivate and engage, there are some fascinating and intriguing lesson plans and schemes of work coming together.
To learn more about our dinosaur workshops in schools: Dinosaur Workshops in School
The Dinosaur Four – Summer Reading
By Mike| 2014-06-09T14:32:10+01:00	June 10th, 2014|Book Reviews, Dinosaur Fans, Main Page|0 Comments
Fiction for Older Dinosaur Fans
Everything Dinosaur team members undertake a lot of work with students who are in the formal education system. Part of our focus, particularly with primary schools, is to help teachers by encouraging children to write about dinosaurs and prehistoric animals. We are keen to see the children's creative writing and yesterday, we wrote a short blog article about the letters received from a Key Stage 1 class in Lancashire. However, in the United Kingdom many adults struggle with reading and writing. The National Literacy Trust has reported that about five percent of adults in England have literacy levels below those expected of a child aged eleven. That is something like 1.7 million adults.
We do what we can to encourage adults to read more, the mums and dads that we meet on our travels, when team members are working in museums and other institutions. One of the best ways to get back into reading, to gain more confidence as a reader and to increase your vocabulary is to read books which relate to your hobbies and interests. Over the weekend, we heard about a new novel written with the science fiction/dinosaur enthusiast in mind, the book is called "The Dinosaur Four", written by Colorado based Geoff Jones.
The Front Cover "The Dinosaur Four"
The Dinosaur Four
Picture Credit: Geoff Jones
Colorado is a great place for a writer of dinosaur themed novels to come from, after all, the state fossil of Colorado is Stegosaurus! This book has already attracted a number of very positive reviews:
A vivid journey through time!
"If you are looking for a good book for the summer, look no further! Going back in time with this ensemble cast was a thrilling and visceral adventure. I highly recommend digging your teeth into this tasty novel."
Dino-tastic!
"I loved this book. It was exactly what a book about dinosaurs should be: a fast paced adventure that's exciting and smart. I enjoyed the characters almost as much as I enjoyed reading the descriptions of the dinosaurs they encountered. Highly recommended."
The book has been described as a Stephen King-style science fiction thriller and it tells the dramatic story of ten ordinary folk who find themselves transported back some sixty-six million years to the Late Cretaceous.
In the notes we received, the plot is briefly outlined..
Business is brisk at the Daily Edition Cafe as Tim MacGregor arrives to meet his new girlfriend. Two joggers enjoy a hit of caffeine before work. A delivery man takes a break from his route. Behind the counter, the baristas are busy brewing, frothing, and pouring. However, on this morning, the cafe and the people inside are suddenly transported millions of years into the past.
Ten strangers find themselves in the world of Triceratops horridus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Three survivors compete for leadership of the group, while another plots to keep them all in the past. Tim only wants to find out what caused the disaster and how to get home.
With a background in the video game industry and with a degree in creative writing from the University of Colorado, Geoff's debut novel "The Dinosaur Four" is described as a fast-paced action-adventure mixed with carnage and suspense in the tradition of Jaws, the Mist and Jurassic Park. For those grown-ups getting their prehistoric animal fix with the movie Godzilla, but who can't wait for Jurassic World to come out next year, this book might be just what they need to fill the gap.
Triceratops horridus – features in "The Dinosaur Four"
Bringing "three horned face" to life.
Picture Credit: Julius Csotonyi
As the summer holidays approach, perhaps this is one book that dinosaur fans might want to consider adding to their reading list.
To learn more about the book and where it can be purchased, visit the authors website: Geoff Jones Writer
A word of warning though, this novel deals with adult themes, it is not suitable for children.
Class 2T Learn About Fossils and Dinosaurs
By Mike| 2014-08-26T14:56:48+01:00	June 9th, 2014|Educational Activities, Main Page, Teaching|0 Comments
Year 2 Pupils at Morecambe Primary School Study Dinosaurs
After a morning of dinosaur workshops working with children studying Key Stage 1, Everything Dinosaur set the pupils a challenge. We had done our best to answer their questions as we explored fossils and prehistoric animals but inevitably there was not enough time to answer some of the questions that the children had prepared. So with Mrs Todd's and Miss Bolton's permission (Year 2 teachers), a creative writing exercise was proposed. The children were challenged to write to the Everything Dinosaur offices telling us about their favourite dinosaur or prehistoric animal fact. If they had a question, then this too could be sent into us for our dinosaur experts to have a look at.
A few days ago, we received a big pile of letters from the children in class two. There was even a drawing of a fearsome looking monster on the back of the envelope that contained the children's correspondence.
Colourful Envelope with Prehistoric Animal Drawing
Colourful drawing from school children.
Picture Credit: Class Two
There were certainly a lot of amazing questions contained in the letters and plenty of dinosaur facts as well. Class 2 certainly enjoyed themselves, Billy, Alice B, Jack B, Ellie, Amy, Darcey, Jenny, Nathan, Freya and Zara all declared that they would like to become palaeontologists when they are older. With over 1,200 different types of dinosaur having been discovered, I think we will be glad of their help. The children had illustrated their letters with lots of beautiful drawings of prehistoric animals, we have posted some up onto our warehouse wall.
Zara Drew an Orange Coloured Dinosaur
A bright orange dinosaur.
Picture Credit: Zara (Class Two)
Whilst at the school, we met a budding scientist called Alexa so we told her and the rest of the class about a dinosaur that had a similar name to hers. We discussed Alxasaurus and on return to the office we emailed over some further information about this particular dinosaur. Gabby was pleased to hear about Alxasaurus and in answer to the question asked, scientists think that this dinosaur would have been about a metre taller than Mrs Cronshaw (teaching assistant).
Jasmine's Letter Featured a Purple Long-Necked Dinosaur
A purple dinosaur by Jasmine.
Picture Credit: Jasmine (Class Two)
We had lots of prehistoric animal drawings to admire. Adam drew some Ammonite shells and asked how old would the oldest T. rex be? This is quite a tricky question, but palaeontologists think that the biggest Tyrannosaurus rex known, the dinosaur whose fossils can be seen in a museum in Chicago (USA), was probably around thirty years old when she died. The biggest Tyrannosaurs probably reached lengths of around thirteen to fourteen metres, we hope this answers Alissia's question. Our thanks to Isaac who informed us that T. rex lived in North America.
The most popular question that we received was why do dinosaurs battle? This question was asked by Hannah, Harry, Jack and Lawson. Dinosaurs fighting can be seen in films and on television, although, like animals today, for much of the time, most dinosaurs kept themselves to themselves. The carnivores would have hunted and attacked herbivores, whilst some herbivores like the horned dinosaurs may have fought amongst themselves to settle disputes in the herd. Some meat-eating dinosaurs would have battled others of their own species in fights over resources such as territories or disputes over rights to claim a carcase of another dinosaur for a meal. In most cases, when dinosaurs of the same species argued, it would have been rare for them to come to blows. Usually, as with animals today most disputes were settled with displays before a fight. Amongst most dinosaurs fighting one of their own species would have been very much a last resort – good question though.
Colourful Prehistoric Animals Drawn by Jack
Thanks for the labels Jack.
Picture Credit: Jack (Class Two)
Kaylee asked how many bones in a Tyrannosaurus rex? This is another tricky question, as since no complete fossilised skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex has ever been found, nobody knows for sure. A typical human body contains 206 bones, T. rex probably had more bones than we do, it may not have had as many fingers but it had belly ribs called gastralia which we do not and it had a lot of bones in its long tail, perhaps as many as forty. The bones that it did have in its body were much larger than the equivalent bones found in a human being, after all, Tyrannosaurus rex was much bigger than us.
Kaylee's Prehistoric Scene in Her Letter to Everything Dinosaur
A long-necked dinosaur.
Picture Credit: Kaylee (Class Two)
We also received questions about extinction. Some children wanted to know how big was the space rock that crashed into Earth, scientists estimate that it was around ten kilometres (six miles) in diameter. It was travelling at over thirty kilometres (eighteen miles) a second, that is quick enough to travel from Morecambe in Lancashire to Sydney in Australia in around five minutes. Some of the very last dinosaurs to have lived were Tyrannosaurus rex, Triceratops and Edmontosaurus. Questions about the space rock, its size and which were the last types of dinosaur were asked by Joe, Eve, Lydia and Alice T.W.
A big thank you to all the children for the letters, hopefully we have been able to answer them all. A special thank you to Mrs McGowan, Mrs Cronshaw, Miss Bolton, Mrs Coulthard, Mrs Jackson and Miss Woodcock for their assistance during the dinosaur workshops.
Now it's time to pop into the warehouse and pin some more pictures up onto the wall.
To learn about Everything Dinosaur's prehistoric animal themed workshops in schools: Dinosaur Workshops in School
Prehistoric Shark Helps Key Stage 2 Get to Grips with Maths
By Mike| 2014-06-08T14:23:06+01:00	June 8th, 2014|Key Stage 1/2|Comments Off on Prehistoric Shark Helps Key Stage 2 Get to Grips with Maths
Fossilised Shark Teeth as "Greater Than" and "Less Than" Symbols
Everything Dinosaur team members have developed a number of creative lesson plans to help Key Stage one and Key Stage two pupils to get used to mathematical terms and symbols. Whether it is using a list of extinct, prehistoric animals to encourage thinking in terms of how data might be presented or learning how to record information accurately by measuring dinosaur teeth, the Everything Dinosaur staff have developed an array of creative lesson plans.
A number of Higher Learning Teaching Assistants have approached us asking for advice on how our fossil collection and dinosaur knowledge could be used to help primary school pupils get to grips with mathematical symbols and their correct usage. For instance, our hard-working staff were asked to think up ways to help children from six years of age recognise and recall what certain signs and symbols represent.
A great deal of emphasis has been placed on young learners being able to make connections between numbers, shapes and symbols. During upper Key Stage one, school children develop knowledge of and an understanding of symbols used in mathematics. If we can build in a fun and creative prehistoric animal theme then the pupils will be encouraged to apply their knowledge – so why not use some giant, fossil shark teeth to help children learn about the "less than" and the "greater than" symbols.
C. megalodon Shark Teeth Fossils Help Children with Maths
The shape of the teeth helps children learn mathematical symbols.
Everything Dinosaur team members use pictures of the gigantic, fossilised teeth of a huge prehistoric shark commonly called Megalodon, with the scientific epithet – C. megalodon, to create the mathematical symbols. As children move on from Key Stage one, they are expected to be able to recognise that the position of a number gives its value and to use correctly the "less than" and "greater than" symbols.
Scale drawing of C. megalodon.
The shark teeth are from the company's extensive fossil collection. Fortunately, this prehistoric shark became extinct around 1.5 million years ago, extinction is another topic area that team members explore using fossil material. Teeth from these monsters fascinate children and being able to handle one and view it up close is a memorable experience – helping to reinforce learning.
Microwarmer Soft Toy Dinosaurs from Everything Dinosaur
By Mike| 2014-06-08T07:54:52+01:00	June 8th, 2014|Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Everything Dinosaur Products, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products, Press Releases|0 Comments
Dinosaur Soft Toys – Microwarmer Dinosaurs
Just in stock at Everything Dinosaur and timed nicely it seems with the return of cold and showery weather for most of the UK, are these super microwarmer soft toy dinosaurs. There are three in the series, a cuddly T. rex (if you can imagine such a thing), a friendly Stegosaurus and a cute Triceratops. These soft toys have a special pocket in their tummies, inside you will find a cloth sachet that contains linseed. Put this sachet into the microwave to warm up and then pop it back into the dinosaur to create a super, warm and cosy soft toy dinosaur.
The Microwarmer Tyrannnosaurus rex Dinosaur Soft Toy
A soft toy that also acts as a hot water bottle.
With sales of these items supporting the Natural History Museum, mums and dads are going to like them too. The sachet pops inside the tummy of the dinosaur and it keeps warm for quite a long time. These microwarmer dinosaurs are so much more practical than a hot water bottle.
The Soft and Cuddly Stegosaurus in the Range
We have taken out the linseed sachet so you can see how big it is.
Microwaveable dinosaur soft toys make excellent bedtime buddies for young dinosaur fans. We think these are suitable for children from three years and upwards. A point made by one of our reviewers was that the material was not only very soft but also sensible, it is sponge washable.
To view Everything Dinosaur's range of soft toy dinosaurs including microwaveable dinosaurs: Dinosaur Soft Toys
The Microwarmer Triceratops Dinosaur Soft Toy
A friendly, cute Triceratops soft toy.
Each of these microwaveable soft toys measures at least twelve inches in length, the Stegosaurus is nearly fifteen inches long and they are bound to prove popular with young dinosaur fans. Each soft toy comes with easy to follow instructions.
Microwave advice as follows (based on a microwave with a turntable and on full power)
Microwave rating 0 to 800 Watts – maximum heating time sixty seconds
Microwave rating from 801 to 1,000 Watts – maximum heating time forty-five seconds
If for any reason you heat up your linseed pouch for too long, and it becomes too hot, no need to worry, simply carefully pick up the sachet and place it on a heat-proof surface to cool down.
Design a Dinosaur T-shirt Competition
By Mike| 2014-06-18T04:21:06+01:00	June 7th, 2014|Dinosaur Fans, Main Page, Press Releases|0 Comments
Design a Dinosaur T-shirt Competition from Everything Dinosaur
Team members at Everything Dinosaur have been working on a number of new ideas and designs for the company's own range of prehistoric animal themed T-shirts for children. We have lots of ideas, but we thought to ourselves why don't we give a budding palaeontologist the chance to design their very own, personalised dinosaur tee?
Please note this competition is now closed.
Stegosaurus has been busy helping the team members sort out all the ideas, but with a brain the size of a walnut, our poor Stegosaurus is struggling – so it is over to you. Simply design a dinosaur themed T-shirt and email a picture of your design over to us and we will print the one we all like the best and then send the designer their very own, unique piece of "dino wear".
What Prehistoric Animal Themed T-shirt Can You Come Up With?
What dinosaur themed design will you come up with?
Just email a picture of your design to: Email Everything Dinosaur
Remember, we are looking for a T-shirt designed for children, from age ranges 3 -12 years, so nothing too complicated. Ideally, the design should fit on the front of a T-shirt covering a space 10 inches wide by 12 inches long (25cm by 30cm) approximately. Apart from that anything goes – a Tyrannosaurus rex attempting to hang glide, a Triceratops using its horns to help wind up knitting wool, our Stegosaurus struggling with maths – whatever "shakes your sieve" as we palaeontologists say.
Words, pictures or a combination of both it is entirely up to you.
The Range of Colours in the T-shirt Range
Five colours for the T-shirts being considered.
To view Everything Dinosaur's range of dinosaur and prehistoric animal themed clothing: Dinosaur Clothing Ideas
At the moment our team members (aided by Stegosaurus) are looking at five colour options for the T-shirt range. There is a yellow, green, pink, blue and a Tyrannosaurus red currently being considered. Our dinosaur themed T-shirts are going to be quite colourful – how will your design turn out?
The winning design will be made up into a T-shirt and then this shirt, (once we have the right size measurements) will be sent out to the lucky winner!
Just email a picture of your design to us at Everything Dinosaur: Email the T-shirt Designs
Terms and Conditions of the Design a Dinosaur T-shirt Competition
Automated entries are not permitted and will be excluded from the competition
Only one entry per person
The prize is non-transferable and no cash alternative will be offered
The Everything Dinosaur name a dinosaur caption competition runs until June 17th 2014.
Winner will be notified by private message sent by email.
Prize includes postage and packing
For full terms and conditions contact: Contact Everything Dinosaur
Anthracosuchus balrogus Giant Palaeocene Crocodile
By Mike| 2014-06-06T11:51:13+01:00	June 6th, 2014|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Dinosaur Fans, Main Page, Palaeontological articles|0 Comments
Columbian Giant Crocodile – Anthracosuchus balrogus
Vertebrate fossils from a coal mine in north-eastern Columbia have provided palaeontologists with a fascinating insight into life in the tropics in the first few million years after the Cretaceous mass extinction event. The dinosaurs may have gone but preserved in the Cerrejón Formation are the remains of giant reptiles who were the apex predators within this rainforest community. A paper has just been published in the scientific journal "Historical Biology" that reports on the discovery of yet another large crocodile genus from this locality, one that probably preyed upon giant turtles, it in turn may have been hunted by Titanoboa, the largest snake known to science.
Crocodiles may be referred to as "living fossils", a term that most palaeontologists dislike as it suggests that organisms do not change much over time. True, the basic body plan (bauplan) of the Crocodilians may not have changed much since the early Mesozoic, but the fossil record shows that crocodiles evolved to occupy a vast array of ecological niches. This new discovery, a crocodile named Anthracosuchus demonstrates this as it had a blunt, short snout, in direct contrast to its long-snouted close relatives.
The new species lived in what was an inland, freshwater environment, an extensive tropical floodplain that was covered in dense jungle and crossed by a number of large rivers which led into the nascent Caribbean Sea. South America was an island, there was also a substantial marine intrusion to the west of the Cerrejón Formation, this marine environment stretching into what is now central Bolivia. Reptiles dominated the ecosystem and at 4.8 metres in length Anthracosuchus, with its very powerful jaws was probably a top predator.
Views of Skull Material Ascribed to this Genus (A. balrogus)
A crocodile with a blunt, broad snout.
Picture Credit: Alexander K. Hastings et al
The picture above shows two of the four fossil skulls assigned to this new genus. The top images are a view of the skulls looking down onto them, viewing the top (dorsal view), the two images underneath are views of the underside of the skulls (ventral view). All the fossil material including limb bones, teeth and osteoderms (armoured scales) were excavated from a clay layer immediately below a layer of coal in the Cerrejón mine. The fossils date from 58-60 million years ago (Palaeocene). This crocodile has been classed as a member of the dyrosaurid crocodiles, a widely dispersed group of Late Cretaceous/Palaeocene crocodiles that, for the most part are marine and characterised by long, narrow snouts. Here is a member of the Dyrosauridae, with a very different snout and one from strata laid down inland. These types of crocodile are now extinct, it is believed an ancestor of the dyrosaurids was the mighty Sarcosuchus whose fossils are associated with Cretaceous aged strata from Niger (Africa).
The first skull of this new dyrosaurid was discovered in 2005, but the skull was missing its front end. The back of the skull indicated that this type of crocodile probably had a blunt, short snout. This was confirmed in 2007 when a second skull, this time with its front end intact, was found. Two more skulls were excavated later on that year, making the total number of individuals known to be at least four. The new species of crocodile was discovered by a team of University of Florida researchers, led by Jonathan Bloch, Associate Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Alexander Hastings (Florida Museum of Natural History), assisted by Carlos Jaramillo, a palaeobotanist with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. All specimens of the new taxon are deposited at the Museo Geológico José Royo y Gómez, Colombian Geological Survey, Bogotá, Colombia. Casts of these specimens are also deposited at the collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Anthracosuchus means "coal crocodile", a reference to the fossil remains being found adjacent to a coal seam. The trivial or specific name is derived from "Balrog", a fiery demon that features in Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings". Balrog inhabited the deep mines of Moria, so since this crocodile's fossils have been found in a mine, the trivial name is very apt.
A number of crocodile fossils have been found at the Cerrejón site, to read about the discovery of another, related crocodile species: New Crocodile Species in Columbian Mine
Remains of turtle shells, discovered in close proximity to the crocodile fossils, show signs of damage. There are scratches, most likely made by teeth and also at least one example of a healed bite mark. The scratches and bite marks match the profile of the teeth of A. balrogus, this suggests that this crocodile, related to long-snouted dyrosaurids, adapted to an inland habitat and a diet of turtles.
Fossilised Turtle Carapace Showing Traces of Crocodile Bites
Was this damage caused by a hungry Anthracosuchus?
The picture above shows a fragment of shell (A) and a line drawing (C) viewed from above (dorsal view). Picture B and the line drawing D, are the same fragment but this time, viewed from below (ventral view). Potential bite marks (bm) and bone regrowth after a bite (bm&p) are illustrated.
Picture E and line drawing G are of a fragment of turtle shell viewed from the top that shows further damage, once again bite marks (bm) are indicated. Picture F and its associated line drawing H show another fragment, bite marks and drag marks (dm) are illustrated. Picture I and drawing J show a tooth from Anthracosuchus balrogus is analogous to the damage seen on the turtle shell fragments. Image J and L shows a turtle fragment viewed from the top (dorsal) with bite marks.
This crocodile certainly had a very powerful bite, however, it shared its environment with the largest snake known to science, the immense Titanoboa (T. cerrejonensis). At more than three times the size of Anthracosaurus this constrictor may have preyed upon adult crocodiles. Anthracosaurus in turn, may have hunted and eaten immature Titanoboas. Battles between these large reptiles would have been a spectacular sight.
Titanoboa Tackles a Large Anthracosuchus
Titanoboa tackles the short-snouted Anthracosuchus.
Picture Credit: Florida Natural History Museum
To read about the discovery of Titanoboa: Titanoboa – Giant Prehistoric Snake of the Palaeocene
The Dyrosauridae are one of the very few types of large, marine reptile that survived the Cretaceous mass extinction event. The discovery of a broad-snouted genus in South America will help scientists to identify how these creatures adapted to new environments. It will also help them to piece together how these crocodiles dispersed across much of the globe from their African origins. Fossil evidence suggests that during the Cretaceous, when the Atlantic ocean was not as wide as it is today, there were a number of dispersals of marine dyrosaurid crocodiles from Africa to the Americas. This trend seems to have continued into the early Cenozoic, with migrations east to west during the Palaeocene epoch.
Researchers Map the Dispersal of Dryosaurid Crocodiles from Africa
Dispersal and resulting distribution of dyrosaurid crocodiles.
Forty-Six Ichthyosaur Fossils Discovered in Chile
By Mike| 2014-06-05T10:34:39+01:00	June 5th, 2014|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Geology, Palaeontological articles|1 Comment
Retreating Glacier Reveals Ichthyosaur Graveyard
A team of German and Chilean researchers have just about finished cataloguing, mapping and recording one of the densest assemblies of Ichthyosaur fossils ever found. Scientists from Heidelberg University and the State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, in collaboration with colleagues from a number of scientific institutions in Chile, have identified a total of forty-six, complete or near complete specimens of Early Cretaceous Ichthyosaurs (fish-lizards). The fossils represent at least four species, with juveniles, pregnant females and other adult Ichthyosaurs having been identified. All the Ichthyosaur fossils represent ophthalmosaurids and the site is being heralded as the most important location discovered to date in South America that records a marine ecosystem that existed around 140 to 132 million years ago.
One of the Many Ichthyosaur Fossils Found at the Site
Fossilised remains of Early Cretaceous Ichthyosaur
Picture Credit: W. Stinnesbeck
In the picture above, the geological hammer provides scale and to the left of the picture elements of a limb and the small pebble-like bones that make up a flipper can clearly be seen. The back-bones and ribs can also be made out. The Ichthyosaur specimen has been identified as Platypterygius hauthali.
The fossils were found as a glacier retreated in the Torres del Paine National Park, southern Chile. The retreat of the glacier (Tyndall glacier) revealing the fossils could be a case of global warming providing palaeontologists with benefits, affording them a unique insight into an ancient marine ecosystem. Some of the Ichthyosaurs are so well preserved that skin tissue imprints have been found, along with the remains of embryos within the body cavity of female Ichthyosaurs. Such is the concentration of "fish lizard" remains, that the Tyndall glacier location has been heralded as amongst the prime fossil Lagerstätten for Early Cretaceous marine reptiles worldwide.
The Remote and Beautiful Tyndall Glacier (southern Chile)
Retreating glacier reveals fossil remains.
Ichthyosaurs were an Order of fast-swimming, nektonic and predatory marine reptiles with dolphin-shaped bodies. They evolved in the Early Triassic and survived into the Late Cretaceous, eventually dying out as a group around eighty million years ago. It is now thought ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs like most other Ichthyosaurs, were viviparous, that is, the females retained fertilised eggs inside their body, until the embryos were sufficiently well developed to be born directly into the sea.
A Model of a Typical Ichthyosaur
Ichthyosaurus Model (Carnegie Collectibles)
Picture Credit: Safari Ltd
The first fossils were discovered in 2004 as scientists were mapping the retreat of the glacier. It has taken a total of three major field expeditions for all the Ichthyosaur material exposed at the site to be mapped and catalogued. An academic paper detailing the research has been published in the scientific journal "The Bulletin of the Geological Society of America".
Alongside, the remains of the reptiles, the research team found Ammonites, Belemnites, Bivalves and marine fish fossils. In addition, there were plant fossils also preserved. The Ichthyosaurs were not found at the same level in the strata, but scattered throughout the Formation Member at several levels indicating mass mortality events occurring in this marine ecosystem from time to time.
A Diagram Representing the Deposition of the Strata and Indicating the Location of Ichthyosaur Fossils
Evidence of mass mortality events in the ecosystem.
The joint German and Chilean research team have interpreted the geology of this location thus:
The gregarious Ichthyosaurs lived and hunted along the north-eastern edge of a deep sea that then separated the Antarctic continent from the southern tip of South America. Cold water rising up from the depths of a deep underwater canyon provided nutrients to sustain a large population of primary producers such as plankton. These were fed upon by large shoals of bony fish and Belemnites. The Ichthyosaurs in turn hunted the fish and the Cephalopods. With the rifting of the sea floor as geological forces gradually extended the Atlantic Ocean, there were a great number of earthquakes. Some of these earthquakes were powerful enough to set off underwater avalanches that swept marine organisms down the steep slopes into the deeper water. This led to the formation of several "Ichthyosaur graveyards".
Commenting on the significance of this discovery, one of the lead authors of the research paper, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Institute of Earth Sciences (Heidelberg University) stated:
"Occasionally, high energy turbiditic mudflows sucked down everything in their reach, including Ichthyosaurs. Inside the suspension flows, the air-breathing reptiles lost orientation and finally drowned. They were instantly buried in the abyss at the bottom of the canyon."
The speed of burial and the lack of oxygen in the mud layers permitted the exceptional degree of preservation.
The professor went added:
"The deposit is Early Cretaceous in age [Valanginian to Hauterivian faunal stage] and forms part of a deep water sequence located in the Rocas Verdes Basin, a straight separating Antarctica and South America from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times.
American Fossil Dealer Jailed for Dinosaur Smuggling
By Mike| 2014-06-04T16:04:13+01:00	June 4th, 2014|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Main Page, Palaeontological articles|0 Comments
Fossil Smuggler Receives Prison Sentence
Yesterday, fossil dealer Eric Prokopi was sentenced to three months in a federal prison, plus fifteen months of supervised release for entry of goods by means of false statements, conspiracy and interstate and foreign transportation of goods converted and taken by fraud. What ended in a Manhattan court room, had begun back on May 20th 2012, in a New York auction house, when a mounted specimen of a fearsome meat-eating dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous was sold. Everything Dinosaur reported on the sale of the almost complete fossil skeleton of a Tyrannosaur known as Tarbosaurus bataar. The specimen sold for over $1 million USD (£630,000 GBP), but even before the auctioneer brought down the gavel, suspicions had been raised as to the origins of the specimen.
Tarbosaurus, a close relative of the North American Tyrannosaurus rex is known from fossil material excavated from Upper Cretaceous aged sediments found in Mongolia. Specifically, this predator's fossil remains are associated with strata making up part of the Nemegt Formation. It has been against the law in Mongolia to remove from the country fossils or any other artefacts regarded as culturally significant. This law has been in effect for more than fifty years, it existed even before the formal scientific description and review of the fossilised bones and teeth that led to establishment of the Tarbosaurus genus.
To read more about the New York auction: Tyrannosaurid fossil up for auction
The mounted fossil was seized by U.S. custom and immigration officials and in May of last year, we reported on this specimen's safe return to Mongolia, such had been the profile surrounding this Late Cretaceous dinosaur that even the President of Mongolia ( Elbegdorj Tsakhia), had become involved and lobbied for the fossil material to be returned back to the Asian country.
For an article about the return of the fossils: Handing a Dinosaur Over to Mongolian Officials
The prosecution had claimed that between 2010 and 2012, Mr Prokopi had acquired and subsequently smuggled into the United States a collection of fossilised dinosaur bones, including two specimens of Tarbosaurus bataar, the remains of two duck-billed dinosaurs belonging the the Saurolophus genus, one of which was subsequently sold at auction but confiscated by U.S. customs and the remains of two Oviraptors. In addition, it was alleged that in 2010 false documentation was used to import from China the remains of a feathered dinosaur.
Mr Prokopi, who had admitted to a number of charges when he appeared in court in December of last year, learned his fate yesterday. A self-styled "commercial palaeontologist", referred to by prosecutors as a "one man black market in prehistoric fossils", Mr Prokopi's sentence will hopefully act as a deterrent to anyone considering or already engaged in fossil smuggling.
The Tarbosaurus Skeleton Offered for Auction in New York (May 2012)
Back in Mongolia. The mounted skeleton offered for auction.
The defendant stated:
"I sincerely love fossils. What I did was wrong and I failed to appreciate the gravity of what I have done."
United States District Judge, Alvin Hellerstein commented that a prison term would send a message to others engaged in the field of commercial palaeontology. With the high prices that dinosaur fossils fetch on the black market, no one knows for sure the extent of fossil smuggling activities. However, it has long been suspected that criminal gangs are involved and that the practice of fossil thefts and illegal sales is actually widespread.
In a statement the Judge added:
"He [Eric Prokopi] is clearly not a bad person, but he has done a bad thing."
The sentence handed down to Mr Prokopi, could have been far worse. However, the fact that a lot of the fossil material was recovered and that the defendant co-operated with State officials helping with investigations into other suspected cases of fossil smuggling was taken into account when the punishment was decided. There are currently a number of investigations on going in New York, Wyoming and California.
But what news of the other Tarbosaurus specimen. Everything Dinosaur team members have been led to believe that this specimen was sold and has ended up in the United Kingdom, however, this fossil has yet to be recovered. Police in the UK have so far been unable to locate the second Tarbosaurus specimen. It too would belong to the people of Mongolia and if found it would most likely be confiscated and returned to Asia.
Mr Prokopi Leaving the Court Yesterday
Eric Prokopi photographed yesterday.
Picture Credit: Reuters
Although the fossils procured by Mr Prokopi fetched high prices when they were sold, he has forfeited all the proceeds that resulted from the criminal activities. He has also forfeited the fossilised skeletons and any other Mongolian fossil material that entered the United States between 2010 and 2012.
A spokes person for Everything Dinosaur commented:
"Hopefully, the extensive publicity that this case has attracted will deter fossil smugglers and fossil thieves. Although, given the high prices that such material can make, it is very likely that the illegal sale of ancient artefacts is going to become an ever increasing problem."