text:
Quick Answer: What Roles Did Missionaries Play In The Spread Of Christianity?
1 What role did missionaries play in spreading Christianity?
2 What were the roles of the missionaries?
3 When did missionaries spread Christianity?
4 Who was an important missionary that spread Christianity?
5 Who spread Christianity?
6 What were the central ideas in Christianity?
7 What are the impact of missionaries on religion?
8 Who was the first woman missionary in the Bible?
9 What are the impact of missionaries on education?
10 Who is a famous missionary?
11 How did Christianity justify colonialism?
12 What made Christianity spread?
13 What religions have missions?
14 Which religion has no deity?
What role did missionaries play in spreading Christianity?
A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity to new converts. Some people choose to dedicate their whole lives to mission. Missionaries have the authority to preach the Christian faith (and sometimes to administer sacraments), and provide humanitarian aid.
What were the roles of the missionaries?
Missionaries go into a community to teach about Jesus Christ and the Christian faith. Missionary work depends on where the individual or group of missionaries are going (international or local communities). At the very least, a missionary's first responsibility is to God, then to his or her church or missions agency.
When did missionaries spread Christianity?
Christian missionaries reached parts of Europe and Africa shortly after Christ's death, but it was not until the 13th and 14th century that missionary activity became fully established in Asia.
Who was an important missionary that spread Christianity?
First transition, to ad 500. The new missionary faith made its first major transition as it emerged from Palestine and spread throughout the Mediterranean world. The apostle Paul became the missionary to the Gentile world.
You might be interested: Often asked: What Influenced The Spread Of Christianity In West Africa?
What were the central ideas in Christianity?
The central teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; that his life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension into heaven are proof of God's love for humanity and God's forgiveness of human sins;
What are the impact of missionaries on religion?
Perhaps the most lasting cultural impact of the missionaries has come through their contributions to Bible translation and education. By translating the Bible into the language of a non-European people, missionaries had to become pupils, learning the finer points of a local language from indigenous teachers.
Who was the first woman missionary in the Bible?
The early Christian texts refer to various women activists in the early church. One such woman was St. Priscilla, a Jewish missionary from Rome, who may have helped found the Christian community at Corinth. She traveled as a missionary with her husband and St Paul, and tutored the Jewish intellectual Apollos.
What are the impact of missionaries on education?
Gallego and Woodberry use the historical literacy rates of 17 former African colonies to estimate its impact on current education outcomes. They find that Protestant missionaries were more efficient in converting the native population and more successful in improving literacy.
You might be interested: How Would Missionaries Spread Christianity In Eurasia?
Who is a famous missionary?
Early Christian missionaries
Alopen – first missionary to China (Nestorian)
Apollos.
Augustine of Canterbury – missionary to England.
Saint Barnabas.
Saint Boniface – influential in the conversion of German peoples.
Brieuc.
Columba – early missionary to Scotland.
David of Basra – early missionary to India.
How did Christianity justify colonialism?
Christianity is targeted by critics of colonialism because the tenets of the religion were used to justify the actions of the colonists. For example, Toyin Falola asserts that there were some missionaries who believed that "the agenda of colonialism in Africa was similar to that of Christianity ".
What made Christianity spread?
The spread of Christianity was made a lot easier by the efficiency of the Roman Empire, but its principles were sometimes misunderstood and membership of the sect could be dangerous. Although Jesus had died, his message had not. Word of his teachings spread to Jewish communities across the empire.
What religions have missions?
This number includes Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox Christians and North American groups like the Jehovah's Witnesses and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS Church), known as Mormons. The LDS Church is one of the few that runs a centralised missionary programme.
Which religion has no deity?
Atheism. Atheism describes a state of having no theistic beliefs; that is, no beliefs in gods or supernatural beings.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Asia | Kim Dae-jung and North Korea
A glint of sunshine
Kim Dae-jung is dead but his policy of engaging North Korea is resurrected
Aug 20th 2009 | Seoul
Still some sunshine when he's gone
THE mood among mourners is appropriately sombre. But there is an air of triumph among some of Kim Dae-jung's former confidants. The portrait of the late South Korean president, who died on August 18th, aged 85, sits on an altar, surrounded by white chrysanthemums. In it, he wears the hint of a smile. As he might: his widely criticised policy of promoting political and economic exchanges with North Korea may be about to be revived, albeit in limited fashion, by one of its fiercest critics, the current president, Lee Myung-bak. Partly as a consequence, a new sense of tentative optimism is lightening the gloom on the Korean peninsula.
The South's Mr Kim was the foremost proponent of engagement with North Korea as a means to bring lasting peace to the peninsula—what became known as his "sunshine" policy. Mr Lee, however, has been among the many South Koreans deeply sceptical about its perceived benefits. His government has voted in favour of a United Nations resolution condemning North Korea's human-rights record and lent strong support to international efforts to impose comprehensive economic sanctions against the regime in Pyongyang. Mr Lee insists there will be no big dollops of aid until North Korea starts disarming, as it promised under a 2005 deal. Yet he has welcomed news that a delegation from North Korea will attend Mr Kim's funeral.
That delegation appears to be part of a new approach by North Korea's dictator, Kim Jong Il. After provoking the world's wrath and economic sanctions by conducting a nuclear test in May, he is suddenly exuding friendliness. On August 16th he had a four-hour lunch in Pyongyang with a South Korean businesswoman, whom he had met three times previously, Hyun Jeong-eun, of the Hyundai conglomerate. Ms Hyun says he told her delegation to tell him everything they wanted, "So we did."
Ms Hyun claims to have wrung significant "concessions" from Mr Kim, though, as usual, most will benefit the North more than the South. North Korea will allow some separated families to hold a reunion. It will also allow South Korean tourists back into North Korea. And Mr Kim promised to allow commercial traffic across the border to resume, and to "energise" an industrial park run as a joint venture with South Korea at Kaesong in the North. South Korea is now pressing for official talks.
Kim Jong Il's change of tack followed his release earlier this month of two detained American journalists, during a visit to Pyongyang by Bill Clinton. The mission was supposedly "private". But Mr Clinton's status as a former American president and his wife's job as secretary of state in the present American administration suggested a diplomatic channel had been opened. Lee Su-hoon, the director of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies at Seoul's Kyungnam University, says Mr Clinton's visit prompted South Korea to re-examine its inflexible stance towards the North. President Lee had sought to exert pressure by shunning most political, business and other contacts.
This would have pleased Kim Dae-jung no end. He was widely praised for his bold initiative to meet his North Korean namesake in June 2000. The historic breakthrough won him the Nobel Peace Prize that year, although the achievement was sullied by the revelation that his government had in effect bought the summit by making large payments to North Korea. The company at the centre of arranging those payments was Hyundai.
At his last public engagement in June, Kim Dae-jung defiantly defended his legacy. "There should be continued negotiations and patience" with North Korea, he said from a wheelchair. "Aid and compensation is needed for North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons." Despite Mr Kim's death, the debate continues about which—aid or renunciation—should come first.
This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "A glint of sunshine"
Asia August 22nd 2009
Railing against the wrong enemy
The political storm
It never rains
Call a cab
From the August 22nd 2009 edition


text:
UK launches consultation on procurement plans for £5bn Gigabit Programme
By GC Staff Writer
Krishna Chaitanya Karanam 4 weeks ago
UK launches consultation on procurement plans for £5bn Gigabit Programme. (Credit: Crown copyright)
The UK government has launched a consultation on the draft procurement strategy for the £5bn UK Gigabit Programme, which will deliver gigabit-capable broadband to the entire country.
The programme is said to help connect the first one million homes and businesses with gigabit-speed broadband and maximise coverage in the toughest areas to reach 20% of the UK by 2025.
Under the programme, homes and business that cannot access superfast broadband will be prioritised. The speeds will accelerate from less than 30 megabits per second to over 1,000 megabits per second or one gigabit per second.
The strategy includes a range of interventions to provide gigabit broadband, and contracts for a £5bn in public funding, broadband vouchers and other latest solutions across all nations of the country.
Planning for Gigabit Delivery in 2021 consists of a series of maps of large and small areas that cover complete England.
The consultation is expected to be conducted in around 26 large regions of England, which are most likely to invite commercial investment but need a subsidy to achieve the hardest 40,000 to 80,000 premises in each area.
The areas comprise of Northumberland, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Devon, Dorset, Sussex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire.
Small contracts, which will help connect between 1,000 and 8,000 premises, will help trigger competition across a range of small, medium-sized and rural specialist telecoms providers.
The areas of small contracts comprise of Cumbria, Westmoreland, Yorkshire, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Herefordshire, Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, Kent and Sussex.
The R100, Project Stratum and Superfast Cymru projects are rolling out large scale superfast contracts in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales to provide gigabit connections in the coming years.
UK digital infrastructure minister Matt Warman said: "Today we've set out our bold programme of national infrastructure projects to future-proof the UK's internet networks so we can build back better from coronavirus and create new jobs and economic opportunities.
"We will begin these procurements rapidly so broadband providers big and small can move quickly to get the job done and level up communities with this much faster, next-generation broadband."


text:
Acapella and Harmony Artist Busayo Shows Wide Music Influence of African Roots
Growing up in Nigeria West Africa, Busayo has drawn music influences and references from all over the world and shows much appreciation for how much African music has formed bedrock of some modern music genres.
Record design for Raise Your Hands Up – Busayo
Busayo is a UK based Nigerian singer/songwriter/producer with influences from a wide range of music genres.
Before going solo Busayo formed The Stewards, an acapella boy band based in Nigeria. Busayo grew up listening to local and foreign music acts alike with deep curiosity about the basics of music and harmony.
An early Nigerian musical influence on Busayo included Lagbaja whilst the music of greats such as Ray Charles continues to fascinate him.
Blessed with the songwriting skill, which informs his current musical journey, Busayo has spent the past year creating and re-creating his music. The songs on the album 'Flux Fusion' defines emotions drawn in musical notes and explodes in multi-genre editions. With the exception of the more mainstream Destiny Sings, each song exposes the colours of his multi-genre infusion.
Busayo produces his music in his own Xthetic Studio, which allows him to craft each song throughout the process note by note from start to finish. With deep pride in his African roots, Busayo ensures he never forgets how he came to be in the UK and his lyrics explode with references to his roots, which have influenced his musical discovery.
Flux Fusion the forthcoming first album by singer/songwriter/producer Busayo featuring the latest single "Raise your hands up" and "Fail Me".
Release date: 17 March 2014 via Matchbox with distribution from Universal Music Operations.
Kylie streams new album online
Personal Trainer to the Stars Uses Own Recipe for Success – hard work


Credit card generator free download - Credit Card, CardHack Credit Card Generator, Card Generator, and many more programs.
About Credit Card / Debit Card Number Generator Tool.The numbers are valid because it was generated based on a mathematical formula which complied with the standard format of credit card numbers.
Card Generator. Generate card numbers.


After ordering some pieces of mica, and sensing a certain emptiness in the bank account, it might be amusing to realise that mica was not always the expensive window material that it is now. In the early years of the colonisation of North-America by the Europeans, in the time that buffalo still roamed the wide open spaces and Indian tribes were still thriving and the English still the rulers, so really way back in time, before Madonna started to sing and Homer was not yet associated with the Simpsons but only with some old Greeks, even before Brigitte Bardot started worrying about homeless doggies, muscovite mica was sometimes found in such large sheets that it could be used as window material for houses. Price technically it could compete with glass which had to be imported from England with all the associated dangers from breakage and unpleasanteries of greedy custom officers and their import duties. For the non-believers: A very large piece of about 1 meter high can be seen in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington.
Muscovite, commonly known as white mica, is a member of the mica family of minerals. The mica minerals all share the property of perfect basal cleavage, which means that layers of mica can be peeled off of a mica crystal in very thin sheets. It is especially easy to peel off large numbers of paper-thin sheets from a muscovite crystal. Consequently, crystals of mica, like the one shown below, are often referred to as books of mica.
Phlogopite is a mica variety that is formed in nature at higher temperatures. It does not desintegrate like muscovite even when a gas burner is used. This material can be used for high temperature furnaces and SAXS experiments.
Muscovite peels in thin, transparent, flexible layers.
A reliable supplier of mica products can be found in Preston U.K.
contact: Peter Masheter (+44 1772 256768) / James Saunders (+44 1706 526255).
For rapid delivery of small volumes one can contact Goodfellows.
You're well adviced to remember that mica is a natural product. The larger dimensions one demands and the higher the quality the higher the price. Price increases are exponential with size, not linear.


text:
Home / Jobs/ Companies/ Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd./ Back Office Operations
Back Office Operations Jobs in Siliguri - Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd.
Back Office Operations
Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd.
12500 Monthly
Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. - Job Details
Greetings from 3 Dots Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
Urgent vacancy in an e-commerce company of 4 candidates (Female) for Back Office Operation.
Job role includes handling the delivery software, co-ordinating with the delivery men on phone so that the delivery system can be fast and swift, preparing reports, updating on database daily and other operational functions.
10 -15 days training will be provided on how to use the software post joining.
Time - 7 a.m - 7 p.m or 8 p.m depending on the work load (Rotational shift)
Salary - Rs 12,500 (including P.F + E.S.I)
Location - Siliguri (2 vacancies) and Ranaghat (2 vacancies). (Local candidates will be preferred first).
Anyone who is willing to relocate there, the company will be providing extra Rs 2000 with the salary for relocation.
Minimum qualification - 12th pass (H.S)
No charges are required.
State : West Bengal
About Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd.
Leading financial services
Patna, Rajkot, Siliguri
Jobs in Siliguri
Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. recruiting Back Office Operations candidates nearby Siliguri.Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. vacancies for Back Office Operations is recruited through Written-test, Face to Face Interview etc.
Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. Company recruits a lot of candidates every year based on the skills . The candidates with 12th Pass (HSE) are selected to full fill the vacancies in Data Entry /Back Office job field. The candidates nearby Siliguri can apply for Back Office Operations position in Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd.. All candidates should have a degree or post-graduation in the required field based on the requirement mentioned. The jobs are available in Full Time basis. When it comes to the Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. recruitment, candidates are mostly chosen for the department of Data Entry /Back Office . To learn more about the current jobs and other details, it is better to go through official site of Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. and Freshersworld. Find the latest jobs near you and near your home. So, that you don't need to relocate. The Freshersworld is a leading employment portal that researches the official site of Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. and provides all the details about the current vacancies, the application process, selection process, interview test details, important dates and other information. Search and apply for the top job positions in Zodiac Express Pvt. Ltd. and near your city and get a secured career.


text:
Q: Play sounds on Mobile Safari? I wrote a quick test with audio in HTML5. It worked on Chrome, Firefox 3.6 and Opera but I haven't tested on Safari. It turns out Safari on Windows and iPod doesn't support this. I know Flash is used as a fallback for older browsers on some sites but that's not an option for the iPod.
How do I play sound on webpages? I see YouTube uses rtsp but I can't tell if that requires an app or not (its not my iPod) and seems like overkill?

A: Safari only supports .mp3 audio files - you need to convert the file from .ogg to .mp3, and include both with the source element, like this:
<audio>
  <source src="sound.mp3" />
  <source src="sound.ogg" />
</audio>

Or use a feature detection script like Modernizr, allowing you to change the source based whether the browser supports it.
See also: http://html5doctor.com/native-audio-in-the-browser/

A: Does this work?  Add it as a javascript function...I believe that webkit supports it so it should work in iOS, Android, Chrome, and Safari.
var audio = new Audio("sound.mp3");
audio.play();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Memecylon caeruleum
Family : Melastomataceae
Text © Pietro Puccio
English translation by Mario Beltramini
The Memecylon caeruleum can be even 8 m tall in South-Eastern Asia © Giuseppe Mazza
The species is native to Andaman Islands, Cambodia, China (Hainan, Xizang and Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Nicobar Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam where it grows in the forests from the sea level up to about 1200 of altitude.
The name of the genus is that given by Dioscorides (ca. 40-ca. 90) to the Arbutus unedo L.; the specific name is the Latin adjective "caeruleus, a, um" = light blue, with reference to the colour of the flowers.
Common names: blue strawberry flowers, Javanese nipis (English); phlong ka-ek (Cambodia); tian lan gu mu (China); delek jamu putih (Indonesia); delik-delik jambu, pokok nipis kulit (Malaysia); phlong khee khwaai, phlong khee nok, phlong khee tai (Thailand); sầm lam (Vietnam).
The Memecylon caeruleum Jack (1820) is a shrub or small evergreen tree, 3-8 m tall, with cylindrical trunk and smooth and brown bark in the young branches, wrinkly and greyish in the older ones. The leaves, on a 3-6 mm long petiole, are opposite, simple, oblong-elliptic with acute, obtuse or retuse apex and entire margin, 8-15 cm long and 3-6 cm broad, coriaceous, of dark green colour and glossy above.
Inflorescences, on a 0,5-1 cm long peduncle, axillar, compact, of 1,5-3 cm of diameter, carrying numerous tiny flowers with cup shaped hypanthium, 3-4 mm long, 4 sepals, 4 ovate petals, 2-3 mm long, of red colour externally, intense blue internally, and 8 stamens, about 2,5 mm long, of blue colour. Obovoid fruits, about 1,5 cm long and of 1 cm of diameter, initially of pink to red colour, then blackish purple or black when ripe, edible, usually containing only one seed immersed in a purple juicy pulp.
It easily reproduces by seed in fertile loam, with addition of sand per a 30% to improve the drainage, maintained humid at the temperature of 26-28 °C; it also propagates by cutting and by air layering.
The tiny flowers are the family jewels of the Melastomataceae: 8 stamens drawing a diamond on the intense blue of the petals, red externally © Giuseppe Mazza
Attractive species due to the foliage and the intensely coloured tiny flowers produced for most of the year, utilizable as isolated specimen, for fences and borders, bearing well the prunings, and as road tree in parks and gardens in the tropical and subtropical climate regions.
It requires full sun or a slight shade and fertile soils, well drained, maintained almost constantly humid; it stands the moderately brackish soils and the marine aerosols, it can be therefore cultivated near to the sea.
Obovoid fruits, about 1,5 cm long and of 1 cm of diameter, initially pinkish, then blackish purple and black when ripe, are edible but of little value © Giuseppe Mazza
The fruits are locally consumed raw or roasted even if rather flavourless. The wood, that has good characteristics of resistance, hardness and density, is utilized in the constructions of the dwellings, for furniture, poles, sticks, tools and handicrafts, moreover, it is excellent as firewood, thanks to its high calorific power, and for the production of charcoal. Particular employments in the popular medicine are not known, except in some population of Malaysia where the roots are utilized in the postpartum treatments.
Synonyms: Memecylon floribundum Blume (1851); Memecylon cyanocarpum C.Y. Wu ex C. Chen (1979).
→ To appreciate the biodiversity within MELASTOMATACEAE family please click here.
Memecylon caeruleum was last modified: February 8th, 2018 by Giuseppe Mazza


text:
Q: Session: Cannot convert int to byte[] in ASP.NET Core 3.0 C# I tried to look up how to use the new way of using sessions in core 3.0.
It goes like:
HttpContext.Session.Set("UserID", ???);, except I can't fill in an int.
I tried to look it up on the official microsoft site, but that one only had HttpContext.Session.SetInt32 or HttpContext.Session.SetString.
How do you use the new set from core 3.0?

A: I faced the same issue, I was able to resolve it like following we need to convert the value of the session variable to byte - array if in case we need to use httpcontext.Session.Set("variable_name", corresponding bytearray of the value)  :
public void func(HttpContext httpcontext)
{
          string emailstring = "xyz.com";
          byte[] bytearray= Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(emailstring)
          httpcontext.Session.Set("email", bytearray);
}

A: The Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http only provides HttpContext.Session.SetInt32 or HttpContext.Session.SetString. Check the documentation at here.
You can use the following extension methods to set and get any primitive and reference type objects:
public static class SessionExtensions
{
    public static void Set<T>(this ISession session, string key, T value)
    {
        session.SetString(key, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value));
    }

    public static T Get<T>(this ISession session, string key)
    {
        var value = session.GetString(key);

        return value == null ? default(T) :
            JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(value);
    }
}

You can use your choice of Serialization technique like System.Text.Json or BinaryFormatter e.t.c in above extension methods. Check about these extensions method at here.
Now to use
byte[] bytes = ....
HttpContext.Session.Set<byte[]>(SessionKey, bytes);

byte[] newBytes = HttpContext.Session.Get<byte[]>(SessionKey);


text:
Гілл-Сіті () — місто () в США, в окрузі Ейткін штату Міннесота. Населення — 633 особи (2010).

Географія
Гілл-Сіті розташований за координатами  (46.981397, -93.593638).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році місто мало площу 3,92 км², з яких 3,31 км² — суходіл та 0,62 км² — водойми. В 2017 році площа становила 3,51 км², з яких 2,88 км² — суходіл та 0,62 км² — водойми.

Демографія

Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у місті мешкали 633 особи в 271 домогосподарстві у складі 159 родин. Густота населення становила 161 особа/км².  Було 444 помешкання (113/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 2,8 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 2,2 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 26,1 % — особи молодші 18 років, 53,5 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 20,4 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 43,1 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у місті припадало 87,8 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 88,7 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  долар США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  долари (медіана — ). За межею бідності перебувало 18,1 % осіб, у тому числі 14,3 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 29,1 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 201 осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 33,8 %, транспорт — 10,4 %, будівництво — 10,4 %.

Джерела

Посилання
 Офіційний web-сайт міста

Міста Міннесоти
Населені пункти округу Ейткін (Міннесота)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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\noindent The HTK Book

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\noindent Steve Young \\
\noindent Gunnar Evermann \\
\noindent Mark Gales \\
\noindent Thomas Hain \\
\noindent Dan Kershaw \\
\noindent Xunying (Andrew) Liu \\
\noindent Gareth Moore \\
\noindent Julian Odell \\
\noindent Dave Ollason \\
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\noindent Phil Woodland \\

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\noindent \copyright COPYRIGHT 1995-1999 Microsoft Corporation.

\noindent \copyright COPYRIGHT 2001-2009 Cambridge University Engineering Department.

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\noindent All Rights Reserved

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\noindent Revised for HTK Version 2.2 January 1999
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\pagestyle{myheadings}
\pagenumbering{arabic}

\part{Tutorial Overview}
\include{fundaments}
\include{htkoview}
\include{exampsys}

\part{HTK in Depth}
\include{openviron}
\include{speechio}
\include{labels}
\include{models}
\include{train}
\include{adapt}
\include{refine}
\include{discmods}
\include{netdict}
\include{decode}

\part{Language Modelling}
\include{hlmfund}
\include{hlmtutorial}
\include{hlmfiles}

\part{Reference Section}
\mychap{The HTK Tools}{toolref}
\include{HTKRef/tools}
\include{HTKRef/Cluster}
\include{HTKRef/HBuild}
\include{HTKRef/HCompV}
\include{HTKRef/HCopy}
\include{HTKRef/HDMan}
\include{HTKRef/HDecode}
\include{HTKRef/HERest}
\include{HTKRef/HHEd}
\include{HTKRef/HInit}
\include{HTKRef/HLEd}
\include{HTKRef/HList}
\include{HTKRef/HLMCopy}
\include{HTKRef/HLRescore}
\include{HTKRef/HLStats}
\include{HTKRef/HMMIRest}
\include{HTKRef/HParse}
\include{HTKRef/HQuant}
\include{HTKRef/HRest}
\include{HTKRef/HResults}
\include{HTKRef/HSGen}
\include{HTKRef/HSLab}
\include{HTKRef/HSmooth}
\include{HTKRef/HVite}
\include{HTKRef/LAdapt}
\include{HTKRef/LBuild}
\include{HTKRef/LFoF}
\include{HTKRef/LGCopy}
\include{HTKRef/LGList}
\include{HTKRef/LGPrep}
\include{HTKRef/LLink}
\include{HTKRef/LMerge}
\include{HTKRef/LNewMap}
\include{HTKRef/LNorm}
\include{HTKRef/LPlex}
\include{HTKRef/LSubset}
\include{config}
\include{errors}
\include{htkslf}

\clearpage
\markboth{\bfseries \rmfamily Index}{\bfseries \rmfamily Index}
\printindex
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A story about a southern Indiana school district re-opening under a new charter school relationship with Grace College was reported this week by WTHI-News 10, Terre Haute, Ind. Dugger Union Schools, Dugger, Ind., are now operating under a charter through the Winona Lake, Ind., school. A portion of the story, along with the video story, appears below. Click here to read the complete article.
DUGGER, Ind. (WTHI) – Tuesday not only marked the first day of school, but a new beginning for the Dugger Union community.
"It is a very humbling experience today," said Ross Martin, principal.
Dugger Union is now operating under a charter through Grace College. On Tuesday morning, the written contract was signed in front of students.
Martin and his staff have been hard at work during the summer. The school had up until Aug. 11 to meet all requirements on a rubric given to them by Grace College.
Requirements on the rubric included necessary inspections of the facility, proper staffing, full curriculums, special needs availability and other components. Martin said Dugger Union completed the rubric two weeks ago.


My name is Orion Mott, and I have been using energy therapies in one form or another my whole life. My career focuses on healing concussions, releasing emotions trapped in the body regions, and emotional empowerment. I was born with an ability to feel energetic frequencies around people's bodies. This ability is something that I have developed to the point where I can feel inside a person's body and connect with their innate body wisdom. The western name for this ability is Remote Viewing. This communication allows me to shift around these energies and cause a rewiring of brain function. Through a set of protocols, the brain is fully capable of healing.
I am currently pioneering a technique I call Energy Neuroplasticity which is an amalgamation of knowledge gained through Kinesiology, BodyTalk, Reiki, Remote Viewing, and guided meditations. The brain is incredibly adaptable when combining visualizations with energy modalities. This method can heal even old concussions with a large degree of success. As a BodyTalk practitioner since 2004, I have helped many athletes improve and recover from a multitude of injuries including concussions. My background in Kinesiology, Personal Training, Corrective Exercise Therapy, BodyTalk, and Reiki has focused my healing abilities on the physical body. You could say that I am a natural healer with physical injuries. If you are struggling with a concussion, try Energy Neuroplasticity to reduce your post-concussive symptoms.
In order to change and injury, redefining the meaning associated with the injury is crucial. Sometimes an injury or accident can help us take a moment to re-evaluate our path in life.
Any change is a complete change. Healing occurs when all of our aspects flow together seamlessly. This is the ultimate goal of self-discovery and realization.


text:
Q: Using curl to login into https site not working, suspect godaddy verification having something to do with it I use the following general code to log into other https sites and pull records using forms, but it doesn't seem to work for www.voip.ms.  I've created a testing account so if anyone wants to take a crack at it and tell me what I did wrong.  (Warning, the site only gives your IP address 4 tries until it bans it)
<?php
ini_set('max_execution_time', 300);
$username="meahmatt@aol.com";
$password="testaccount";
$url="https://www.voip.ms/m/login.php";
$cookie="cookie.txt";

$postdata = "col_email".$username."&col_password=".$password."&action=login&form1=";

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.6) Gecko/20070725 Firefox/2.0.0.6");
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookie);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookie);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postdata);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
$result = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close($ch);
echo $result;
?>

I've also tried setting CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, TRUE with no change

A: I had the same problem recently trying to use the twitter api using curl_exec from godaddy.
The magic was to disable both peer and host verification in the options :
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // required as godaddy fails
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false); // required as godaddy fails

The error was a certificate verification problem.  I have no problem using this exact script on non-godaddy servers.
CURLE_SSL_CACERT (60)
Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates.

The full request looks like this :
  $url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json?..."
    $headers = array(
        "Authorization: Bearer ".$bearer."",
    );

$ch = curl_init();  // setup a curl
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);  // set url to send to
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers); // set custom headers
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); // return data reather than echo
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // required as godaddy fails
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false); // required as godaddy fails

// $info = curl_getinfo($ch); // debug info
// var_dump($info); // dump curl info

$result = curl_exec($ch); // run the curl

curl_close($ch);  // stop curling

// Check for errors and display the error message
if($errno = curl_errno($ch)) { echo "curlerror::$errno::"; }

Also notice that curl_getinfo and curl_errno were invaluable at finding the problem.
tl;dr , friends don't let friends use godaddy.

A: You could try this function if you like. It's helped me out a few times.
If you still have trouble try fiddler2 (fiddler2.com) to check for all of the headers and attempt to replicate them in PHP
ini_set('max_execution_time', 300);
$fields['col_email'] = "meahmatt@aol.com";
$fields['col_password'] = "testaccount";
$fields['action'] = "login";
$fields['form1'] = "";
$url = "https://www.voip.ms/m/login.php";
$html = get_html($url,$url,$fields);

function get_html($url,$ref='',$fields=array(),$cookie='cookie.txt'){
//  $proxyAddress = '127.0.0.1:8888';
    $ch = curl_init();
    touch($cookie);
    $header[0] = "Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,";
    $header[0] .= "text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5";
    $header[] = "Cache-Control: max-age=0";
    $header[] = "Connection: keep-alive";
    $header[] = "Keep-Alive: 300";
    $header[] = "Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7";
    $header[] = "Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5";
    $header[] = "Pragma: "; //browsers keep this blank.
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows;U;Windows NT 5.0;en-US;rv:1.4) Gecko/20030624 Netscape/7.1 (ax)');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);
    if($proxyAddress != ''){
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 0);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE, CURLPROXY_HTTP);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, $proxyAddress);
    }
    if(count($fields)>0){
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);
        curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
    }
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $ref);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'gzip,deflate');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, TRUE);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, true);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookie);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookie);
    $result = curl_exec ($ch);
    if(!$result){
        echo "cURL error number:" .curl_errno($ch);
        echo "cURL error:" . curl_error($ch);
        exit;
    }
    curl_close ($ch);
    return($result);
}


Yesterday was Town Day. My kids are great - Herself went with me, and Himself went with Mom, and both of them saved us quite a bit of money. I came in $150 UNDER my budget - not too bad, huh? (Of course, I'll be going back today to pick up a few extras - like the clothesline the Chloe-monster ATE last night - but still. I'll still be well under what I budgeted!) All was well until we were leaving - Mom tripped and banged up her knee. She said it was OK, but I'm still concerned.
The children are currently cleaning the doe barn - it's not too bad this month. I did most of the inside chores this AM for them - I don't see the need to make them do both; we'll do school when they get done. We're still in Summer mode, so it's light. "Real" school will be starting in August; I have scheduled to add 1 class a week until we're at full load. Should make things easier on them.
Need to go hunt up some books - laters!
This entry was originally posted at http://fiberaddict.dreamwidth.org/805634.html. Please comment there using OpenID.


from allgov: A strong majority of Americans believe the war in Afghanistan is going badly and want Washington to establish a timetable for bringing home U.S forces. But despite negative opinions about the war among voters, Congress continues to oppose setting any limits on when the U.S. should pull out of the conflict.
A new CBS News poll found 62% of Americans are unhappy about the war, up from 49% in May. Only 23% say they are willing to have troops remain in Afghanistan for one or two more years, and 54% think leaders should start a countdown for withdrawing U.S. soldiers. Forty-four percent disapprove of President Barack Obama's handling of the war, while 43% approve it.
Yet, when a timetable proposal submitted by Representative Jim McGovern (D-Massachusetts) recently came up for a vote in the U.S. House, 60% of Democratic lawmakers supported it, but only 5% of Republicans went along.
Robert Naiman, policy director at Just Foreign Policy, wrote on Huffington Post: "If Democratic and Republican voters in the CBS poll had been allowed to stand in for Democrats and Republicans in the House two weeks ago (ignoring independents, also pro-timetable), the McGovern amendment would have passed 243-171, with 186 Democrats and 57 Republicans voting yes, and 54 Democrats and 117 Republicans voting no."


Love 23 is a 1983 Ford LTD Station wagon covered with toys inside and out! Originally created in June, 1990, Kathleen Pearson has been working on this car for over 7 years now.
When she's not in her studio in Bisbee, Arizona, Kathleen is traveling around the country in Love 23 sharing her art with people along the way. Kathleen attends The Orange Show Art Car Weekend every year, and in 1998 brought her new car to Houston - The Pennsylvania Dutchie.
Kathleen is a talented artist working in a variety of mediums from cars to fabric and clothes design. She even finds time to paint memories of her travels with Love 23. Click on the images below for a better view!
Kathleen also has a nifty web site created by John Marc Bimonte. Check it out!


After being made to consistently come before the court for several months without any meaningful progress in her traffic matter, an unrepresented woman successfully had her case thrown out of the Magistrate's Court last week.
Sherene Valencia-Baptiste's October 2016 matter of driving without due care and attention has seen a series of back-to-back adjournments since her first court arraignment.
And prior to her latest appearance, the court had instructed the police prosecutions department that they were to be prepared to start the trial at the beginning of September.
But when the September date rolled around last week, police prosecutor Roger Williams told the court he was on his final week in the department and would not be taking up the case.
He told the court another prosecutor would receive conduct of the matter because it would be counterproductive if he (Williams) should start a case that he would not be able to complete.
He then said the case would have to be pushed to another date.
But a seemingly frustrated Valencia-Baptiste called for the court to have the matter dismissed.
She said she first appeared in court on February 22 this year when she pleaded not guilty. A trial date was then set for May 3 but police prosecutors did not come prepared on that day so the matter was again adjourned to June 19.
When she came to court for that June date, the Crown did not have the woman's court file and their witness was also absent.
The matter was subsequently pushed to September 3 on a final adjournment order.
"I am disgusted to be coming here time after time and the last time I nearly bust my tail in the mud coming to court to get the same thing all the time," Valencia-Baptiste said.
Magistrate Giselle Jackman-Lumy – who had considered adjourning the matter for another time – subsequently agreed to dismiss the matter.
The court was told that the underlying cause of police prosecutors coming to court unprepared is that many officers do not have a diary with the dates they are to appear in court.
But Magistrate Jackman-Lumy said that rationale was not acceptable.
"Even if they [police officers] don't have a diary, pharmacies give free calendars when it's Christmas time. Go and buy a pack of sweeties and keep the calendar and write it in. This can't be good enough," she said.
Magistrate Jackman-Lumy, who is one of the newest magistrates to this jurisdiction, urged the police to do better.
She said when a matter shows up on the court's list and the investigating officer is absent or on leave, it clogs the judicial process.
She further said if the court is informed prior to any vacation dates, court matters could then be properly scheduled.
What the hell is this? Some third world country? It is ridiculousness that they had this woman back and forth multiple times to the court house over a traffic violations despite the other side apparently could not get their act together.
How often does this happen? This is incompetence and shameful all wrapped into one!
The case was rightfully dismissed. IMO, I wish this woman could be compensated for all the time she wasted missing work going back and forth to the courthouse.
The court should routinely dismiss these kind of cases on the very first instance if the other side does not show up or have a good reason for an adjournment.
That lady apparently did everything expected of her, but the other side was MIA. If you are going to give someone a ticket and accuse them of something, for God sake have the decency to at least show up in court prepared to defend it. How hard can that be?
Wow well said couldn't have said it better and please don't blame IRMA these issues long before.
Go and buy a pack of sweeties and keep the calendar and write it in. This can't be good enough," she said.
LMAO! I nearly spit out my afternoon coffee!!!!
I think the Governor needs to overhaul the entire RVIPF from the top ranks down to the PC's on foot and vehicle patrol. Obviously there are many problems with the entire force as highlighted by cases such as this that are dismissed for lack of simple prosecutor preparation.
This is straight up laziness and incompetence. Simpleattests running throughost the court for two years is bull nonsense.
I am very embarrassed as a ex Police Officer. This could never happen when I was a serving Officer in the RVIPF, what is really going on. Those incharge of the Police Force needs to be held accountable for this ongoing emberrasing disgusting situation. COP Matthews, DCP James and Supt Vanterpool what is really going on in the Force.
Maybe that is what they trying to do with my case against a police wife, knock it out and forget about my demand so she can walk free. very interesting to know. that is how they cover each other fault.
I can only hope that other defendant's will use Mrs. Valencia-Baptiste as a guideline to help them get their cases thrown out too.. Pure nonsense.
Think that bad. One stopped me told me to pick up the ticket at the station the next day because she doesn't have a ticket book. Told her go home and come back tomorrow when is she prepared to work effectively and efficiently.
Have RBVIPF become entirely dysfunctional? Kudos for a few high profile murder arrests but the entire system, including traffic (except Robocop) seems to have vanished.
The courts are dis-organised. If she had representation the lawyer have earned a big fee for doing nothing and most probably advised to plead to get the case out of his books.


text:
Q: Flutter TabBar Without AppBar I am trying to create a tabbed bar layout screen without the AppBar though. I have already referred to the solution on this link: how to create the tab bar without app bar in flutter? but it is not working for me. Here is what my screen looks like when I place TabBar in the appbar: parameter:

My TabBar has moved to the top left corner under the status bar and its all squeezed in one corner. It's almost as if it's not there at all.
When I use the AppBar class but only pass the bottom: parameter here is what happens:

There is an ugly space on top of the TabBar which is obviously meant for the AppBar title. Here is my code:
return new Scaffold(
      appBar: new TabBar(
        tabs: widget._tabs.map((_Page page){
          return Text(page.tabTitle);
        }).toList(),
        controller: _tabController,
        isScrollable: true,

      ),
      backgroundColor: Colors.white,
      body: new TabBarView(
          controller: _tabController,
          children: widget._tabs.map((_Page page){
            return new SafeArea(
                top:false,
                bottom: false,
                child: (page.page == Pages.cart?new CartHomeScreen():_lunchesLayout())
            );
          }).toList()
      ),
    );

How can I just have TabBar without that space on top and is it possible to make the two tab items and their indicators to stretch and fill the side spaces?

A: Your first screenshot actually shows it working just fine - the issue is that 'fine' isn't quite what you expect. The default text color is white for tabbar, so your labels aren't showing and instead just the bottom line is, which is what you see at the top left. Also, TabBar is a preferred size widget already, but it doesn't have the same height as an AppBar so if that's what you're going for, it won't look like it.
Here's an example that makes it look like the app bar. kToolbarHeight is the same constant that AppBar uses.
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(new MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new MyAppState();
}

class MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'msc',
      home: new DefaultTabController(
        length: 2,
        child: new Scaffold(
          appBar: new PreferredSize(
            preferredSize: Size.fromHeight(kToolbarHeight),
            child: new Container(
              color: Colors.green,
              child: new SafeArea(
                child: Column(
                  children: <Widget>[
                    new Expanded(child: new Container()),
                    new TabBar(
                      tabs: [new Text("Lunches"), new Text("Cart")],
                    ),
                  ],
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          body: new TabBarView(
            children: <Widget>[
              new Column(
                children: <Widget>[new Text("Lunches Page")],
              ),
              new Column(
                children: <Widget>[new Text("Cart Page")],
              )
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Which results in this:

Edit:
As noted in the comments and from this github issue, you could also use the flexibleSpace property of the AppBar to hold the tabbar to basically the same effect:
return new DefaultTabController(
  length: 3,
  child: new Scaffold(
    appBar: new AppBar(
      flexibleSpace: new Column(
        mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.end,
        children: [
          new TabBar(
            tabs: [
              new Tab(icon: new Icon(Icons.directions_car)),
              new Tab(icon: new Icon(Icons.directions_transit)),
              new Tab(icon: new Icon(Icons.directions_bike)),
            ],
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  ),
);

A: Just use toolbarHeight property in AppBar widget with kMinInteractiveDimension value as shown below:
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(
    toolbarHeight: kMinInteractiveDimension,
    bottom: TabBar(
      controller: _tabController,
      tabs: [], // your tab bars
    ),
  ),
  body: TabBarView(
    controller: _tabController,
    children: [], // your tab views
  ),
);

A: Follow below code

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        visualDensity: VisualDensity.adaptivePlatformDensity,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  TabController _tabController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _tabController = new TabController(length: 2, vsync: this);
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _tabController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Container(
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
          children: [
            Container(
              height: MediaQuery.of(context).size.height / 2,
              child: Center(
                child: Text(
                  "Tabbar with out Appbar",
                  style: TextStyle(
                      color: Colors.white, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
                ),
              ),
              color: Colors.blue,
            ),
            TabBar(
              unselectedLabelColor: Colors.black,
              labelColor: Colors.red,
              tabs: [
                Tab(
                  text: '1st tab',
                ),
                Tab(
                  text: '2 nd tab',
                )
              ],
              controller: _tabController,
              indicatorSize: TabBarIndicatorSize.tab,
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: TabBarView(
                children: [
                  Container(child: Center(child: Text('people'))),
                  Text('Person')
                ],
                controller: _tabController,
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _tabController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }
}

view the result

A: Just use the flexiblespace prop and not the bottom prop of the appBar.
All in the safeArea widget and you can add some vertical padding.
home: SafeArea(
        top: true,
        child: Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 10.0),
          child: DefaultTabController(
            length: 3,
            child: Scaffold(
              appBar: AppBar(
                flexibleSpace: TabBar(
                  tabs: [
                    Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.1)),
                    Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.2)),
                    Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.3)),
                  ],
                ),
              ),
              body: TabBarView(
                children: [
                  Icon(Icons.1),
                  Icon(Icons.2),
                  Icon(Icons.3),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      )

A: Directly use TabBar in appBar property:
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return DefaultTabController(
    length: 2,
    child: Scaffold(
      appBar: TabBar(
        tabs: [
          Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.call)),
          Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.message)),
        ],
      ),
      body: TabBarView(
        children: [
          Center(child: Text('Call')),
          Center(child: Text('Message')),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  );
}

A: From CopsOnRoad's answer, I've created a hidden TabBar like this:
Scaffold(
  body: Column(
    children: [
      TabBar( // <-- Hidden TabBar
        indicator: BoxDecoration(),
        tabs: [
          SizedBox.shrink(),
          SizedBox.shrink(),
        ],
      ),
      Expanded(
        child: TabBarView( // <-- Your TabBarView
          children: [
            Container(color: Colors.blue),
            Container(color: Colors.red),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

A: It's very simple, all what you have to provide is height to your TabView.
Here is a simple example. You can either use DefaultTabController or TabController. In order to fully customizable, I'll use TabController.
_getTabBar function return list of tabs.
  TabBar _getTabBar() {
    return TabBar(
      tabs: <Widget>[
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.home, color: Colors.redAccent)),
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.settings, color: Colors.redAccent)),
      ],
      controller: tabController,
    );
  }

_getTabBarView take list of widgets as input argument and creates a tab view.
  TabBarView _getTabBarView(tabs) {
    return TabBarView(
      children: tabs,
      controller: tabController,
    );
  }

SafeArea is used to move content below status bar. _getTabBarView is wrapped with a Container so that we can allocate a height. This is one way of allocating height, you can use some other way also.
So here is the full code, wrap within a MaterialApp and you have got a fully customizable tab bar and view. life-cycle methods are used to create and dispose TabController
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TabControllerScreen extends StatefulWidget {

  @override
  _TabControllerScreenState createState() => _TabControllerScreenState();
}

class _TabControllerScreenState extends State<TabControllerScreen> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  TabController tabController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    tabController = TabController(length: 2, vsync: this);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    tabController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  TabBar _getTabBar() {
    return TabBar(
      tabs: <Widget>[
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.home, color: Colors.redAccent)),
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.settings, color: Colors.redAccent)),
      ],
      controller: tabController,
    );
  }

  TabBarView _getTabBarView(tabs) {
    return TabBarView(
      children: tabs,
      controller: tabController,
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: SafeArea(
        child: Column(
          children: <Widget>[
            _getTabBar(),
            Container(
              height: 100,
              child: _getTabBarView(
                <Widget>[
                  Icon(Icons.home),
                  Icon(Icons.settings),
                ],
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

A: Here you go. This is a widget, without any scafold or material app around it, so make sure you provide that tree yourself. Otherwise it's ready for copy-paste
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyWidget({super.key});

  @override
  State<MyWidget> createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State<MyWidget>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late final TabController _tabController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _tabController = TabController(length: 2, vsync: this);
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(children: [
      TabBar(controller: _tabController, tabs: const [
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.cookie_outlined)),
        Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.no_food))
      ]),
      Expanded(
          child: TabBarView(controller: _tabController, children: [
        Container(color: Colors.greenAccent),
        Container(color: Colors.yellowAccent)
      ]))
    ]);
  }
}

A: I take the code from rmtmckenzie but only to create a widget without material app
return new DefaultTabController(
      length: 3,
      child: new Scaffold(
        appBar: new PreferredSize(
          preferredSize: Size.fromHeight(kToolbarHeight),
          child: new Container(
            height: 50.0,
            child: new TabBar(
              tabs: [
                Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.directions_car,color: Colors.grey,)),
                Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.directions_transit,color: Colors.grey)),
                Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.directions_bike,color: Colors.grey)),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
        body: TabBarView(
          children: [
            Icon(Icons.directions_car),
            Icon(Icons.directions_transit),
            Icon(Icons.directions_bike),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );

A: You won't need to use appBar property:
Scaffold(
  body: Column(
    children: [
      TabBar( // <-- Your TabBar
        tabs: [
          Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.camera)),
          Tab(icon: Icon(Icons.settings)),
        ],
      ),
      Expanded(
        child: TabBarView( // <-- Your TabBarView
          children: [
            Container(color: Colors.blue),
            Container(color: Colors.red),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

A: Try to put TabBar inside AppBar in its flexibleSpace property.

A: Give toolbarHeight : 0 for Appbar
appBar: AppBar(
      toolbarHeight: 0, // <--- Add this line to app bar
      bottom: TabBar(tabs: [
        Tab(
          text: "Transactions",
        ),
        Tab(
          text: "Transfer",
        )
      ]),
    ),

A: Recommended method using toolbarHeight property
By setting the toolbarHeight property of a AppBar to zero will remove them toolbar and leaving the tabbar at the bottom as set by theme.
Scafford(
    appBar: AppBar(
        toolbarHeight: 0,
        bottom: TabBar(...)
    )
)


Procurity Co-founder and CEO Stephen Riley -- and his incredibly positive attitude -- joined us on the show to discuss why automated software testing is vital for banks and credit unions today to automate their foundational technology and operations processes. Stephen talked about a relatively new concept in this area called TaaS (Testing as a Service).
Thank You for the time on the show!!!


Major research interest lies in the development of metal and polymeric based multifunctional particles for its application in the area of Nanomedicine, Nanodiagnostics, Nanotheranostics and Translational Research. Major facilities include Nanotech Lab., Cell Culture Lab, Molecular Biology Lab, Animal Facility for rodents, Nano-diagnostic Lab and Nano-Theragnostic Lab.
DLS Nanosizer and zeta potential measuring system.
Small animal optical imaging system with anesthesia unit.
Ultrasound with low and high frequency transducers.
Basic facility for Pk/PD profile.
20C freezer, refrigerators, centrifuge, hotplate stirrer.
Polymer and metal based drug delivery systems.
Ultrasound, laser and radiofrequency waves based diagnostic devices.
Developing self-fluorescent particles as nanotheranostic tool.
Ultrasound and laser stimulated multifunctional particles for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Ultrasound-mediated polymeric micelle drug delivery.
Optical control switch gene interference.


text:
Q: Are $\mathbb{Q}(\pi)$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\pi^2)$ equal? The question was addressed here but I do not know how jo justify that $f(x)=X^2 - \pi^2$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}(\pi^2)$. That is, $\pi \notin \mathbb{Q}(\pi^2)$. Any help would be appreciated.

A: If $\pi\in \mathbb{Q}(\pi^2)$, then there are rational polynomials $P,Q$ such that $\pi Q(\pi^2)=P(\pi^2)$, and thus $\pi$ is a root of $XQ(X^2)-P(X^2)$, a nonzero rational polynomial (since $Q(\pi^2)$ is nonzero), and thus $\pi$ is an algebraic number. We get a contradiction.

A: If $\pi=P(\pi^2)/Q(\pi^2)$ then $xQ(x^2)-P(x^2)$ is a polynomial whose roots include $\pi$

A: As $\pi$ is transcendental over $\mathbf Q$, $\;\mathbf Q(\pi)\simeq\mathbf Q(X)$ and  $\;\mathbf Q(\pi^2)\simeq\mathbf Q(X^2)$.
Now $\mathbf Q(X^2)\varsubsetneq\mathbf Q(X)$ for degree reasons, so $\;\mathbf Q(\pi^2)\varsubsetneq\mathbf Q(\pi)$.

A: A bit different approach using valuation theory (fleshing out the incomplete argument given by Bernard).
Since $\pi$ is transcendental over $\bf Q$, $\mathbf Q[\pi]$ has a nontrivial $\pi$-adic valuation, i.e. $v_\pi(\sum_k{a_k}\pi^k)=\min\{k\mid a_k\neq 0\}=\max\{k\mid \pi^k\textrm{ divides }\sum_ka_k\pi^k\}$. This can be extended to a valuation on $\mathbf Q(\pi)$ by setting $v_\pi(\frac{f}{g})=v_\pi(f)-v_\pi(g)$.
Now, $v_\pi(\pi)=1$, and it is easy to see that $v_\pi(f)$ is even for any $f\in \mathbf Q(\pi^2)$, so $\pi\notin \mathbf Q(\pi^2)$.


text:
The National Student > National
How many people watch porn, stalk their exes and download illegally? Nation's online habits revealed
Lucy Miller
Ever wondered what other people get up to behind their computer screens?
All has been revealed – Ladbrokes Bingo has surveyed over 1,000 UK adults in a bid to find out the nation's online habits.
And in the survey's 18-24 year old bracket, some of the results might be surprising.
In terms of sex and relationships, only 55% say that they have watched 'adult content' online, which we think seems like a surprisingly small percentage. 20% have had cybersex, whilst an unlucky 11% of those surveyed said they had gone through a break-up as a result of something that was said on social media.
Social media-wise, 46% named Twitter as one of their top three social media platforms. We thought there would be more Twitter addicts around than this – but maybe that's just us.
Unsurprisingly Facebook was the top social media site for young people, with 76% putting it in their top three. Instagram was third, with 22%, whilst 8% said that they don't use social media sites at all.
Other media sharing sites such as Pinterest (10%), Google+ (11%) and Reddit (a minor 2%) appear to have fewer followers than we might have previously thought.
Also, 92% claim that they haven't stalked anyone else via social media. We think there might be a bit of lying going on here...
Of those that do admit to online stalking, it is most likely to be of a love interest or a friend – both were admitted to by 78% of those surveyed, whilst 68% have checked up on what an ex is doing online.
In terms of work, LinkedIn is used by a relatively small 13%, and a happy 72% say that their social media profiles/activity haven't had a negative effect on their career – although 19% said that this question wasn't applicable, presumably because they hadn't yet started work. Despite this, 60% admit to de-tagging pictures that have appeared on Facebook.
The results also show that 78% read the news online, whilst music (38%) and films (29%) are the most common things to be downloaded illegally.
Do the results reflect your own experience? Let us know how you use your social media below...
Universities must do more to tackle the BAME attainment gap, report says
What impact has Extinction Rebellion actually had?
EU students will continue to pay home tuition fees
This Week in Gaming: Sony and Microsoft team up
This Week in Gaming: Gaming Disorder becomes an official disease
Research reveals the top 10 things holding back women at work
Huddersfield is the best student night out in the country, apparently
Experts and locals warn that new Chinchero airport may destroy Machu Picchu
SOAS lecturer elected as MEP for far-right party
Interview with Gina Martin: the journey of a working-class gal turned activist
Interview: Fink
Interview: Ash
Interview: Battles
A Traveller's Tale - part 1
Initiations: Alcohol, Nudity and Abuse
Interview: Theoretical Girl
Interview: Brakes
Interview: Maximo Park
Interview: The musings of Misty's Big Adventure


Are you interested in gordon ramsay ? Discover lots of articles, stories, videos, photos and much more about gordon ramsay . Original Ideas for foodies and fine dining lovers.
post Gordon Ramsay has created a video to teach you how to make the perfect duck breast with a few simple tricks. Plus, try five gourmet recipes like duck tandoori.


A portable User held computer with capability acting as or including a User Authenticator.
While it is possible to program a User Device to function with more than one user, this page will focus on a purely personal device.
Both separate user held devices, like FIDO U2F late binding tokens, or user credential held securely in a Trusted Execution Environment on a User Device like a Smart Phone are considered.
Biometric Attributes are taken to be exclusively the measure of human characteristics like fingerprint, facial and behavior patterns.
The human characteristics are another factor that can be a part of Multi-factor Authentication.
So the human characteristics can be considered to be a Credential.
The measurements of the characteristic are compared against a template of the characteristics using some Assurance level to produce a Validated claim.
Attacks against the sensor capabilities. Various movie and television plots have shown the attacks like taking someone's eyeball, or using a thin-film replica of a finger print to complete an Authentication which Authorizes access.
ISO 30107-3:2017 describes testing of Biometric Attribute presentations.
This page was last modified on 18 October 2018, at 17:50.


text:
Jordan Leopold traded to Minnesota at daughter's request
Archive 2015 Mar 3, 2015 Wire Editor
Defenceman Jordan Leopold was traded to the Minnesota Wild yesterday from the Columbus Blue Jackets at the request of Leopold's 11 year-old daughter, Jordyn....
Defenceman Jordan Leopold was traded to the Minnesota Wild yesterday from the Columbus Blue Jackets at the request of Leopold's 11 year-old daughter, Jordyn.
Jordyn pleaded with the Minnesota Wild office in a letter to accept her father on the team so he could be closer to home and spend more time with his family.
Leopold, 34, has scored one goal and two assists in his 25 games with the Blue Jackets and has a record of 67 goals and 146 assists in 677 career games.
Wire Editor


Are you unable to find coinbase support number (844) 897-6216? Not able to find genuine customer support for Coinbase? If it's so, then it's really a very frustrating situation because you are need of coinbase support because you are facing trouble with your coinbase account. Anyway, you need not get worried as nowadays; there are customer support service providers who can easily deal with complete issues running with Coinbase. For connecting coinbase customer care, you only need to search coinbase toll-free number and then need to go through review. If a review is good, then you should immediately make a call on that number so that you could get an instant solution.


Demonstrate That all Magnets Don't Have to be Metal.
High flux density permanent magnets don't have to be all metal-as these ceramic magnets illustrate. Set includes two magnets each made of iron, nickel and beryllium oxides, fired together with a basic clay mixture. Ground to exact tolerances, they are free of pole orientation and magnetized through their whole thickness.


MANILATel Aviv this week is bridging closer its ties with Manila by bringing an award-winning puppet play in the Philippines in celebration of the 60th Friendship Anniversary between the two states.
When All Was Green, a non-verbal puppet show, was performed by couple Dikla Katz and Avi Zlicha of Key Theatre in Israel, featuring a heart-warming tale between a boy and a tree, and depicts both the generosity of nature and greed in a man's heart.
The performance is inspired by Shel Silverstein's The Giving Tree, but highlights more the importance of maintaining balance, and living in harmony with nature.
"It was inspired by The Giving Tree, but it was important for me to take it further than the plot because in each story you have to find its heart, the one you want to talk about," Zlicha said.
"For me, the part of the story, The Giving Tree, was about the choices that we make in our lives and the prices we have to pay for those choices."
Zlicha said When All Was Green, modernized in its own way, tackles a universal issue often overlooked--protecting the environment from its worst threat, mankind.
"It talks about the relationship, the balance between people, the balance between humanity and nature, all kind of relationships, telling that in one minute, if you make a mistake, you break this balance," she said.
Aside from its messaging that touches heart, tickles the mind to speculate and think critically, the play is unique on its own way since it employs non-verbal acts that are easy to catch on.
Zlicha said that this type of art effectively gets the audience hooked.
"We discovered that when you don't use words, it leaves a lot of space for the audience to think and to process the story during the performance. They fill in the gaps because we don't say anything."
In an interview with the Philippine News Agency (PNA), Yulia Rachinsky-Spivakov, deputy chief of mission of the embassy said they brought "When All Was Green" to Manila to reach the Filipino youth and instill importance of sustainability in their young minds.
"We support the idea of sustainability, sustainable development, which is part of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations," she said.
"We believe that we need to take care of our environment, and this specific performance is touching this topic in a very good manner, all ages can relate."
The couple earlier staged the puppet show at the Ospital ng Makati, with the tour's second leg Wednesday at the University of the Philippines. Their performance, all free of charge, will be shown next at the Cribs Foundation on May 3 and at the Museong Pambata on May 4.
The production of When All Was Green premiered in 2012, and has since then received several awards such as Best Music Award in Children's Theatre by Assitej Israel, Children's Jury Award at the International Puppet Theatres Festival, Katowice, Poland 2015, among others.
Dean Amihan Bonifacio-Ramolete of the UP College of Arts and Letters said this type of performances sponsored by the embassy indeed brings closer the two nations' ties through culture and the arts.


US Navy Fighter Squadron 102 (VF-102) Diamondbacks was established on July 1st, 1955 as NAS Jacksonville, Florida, flying the F2H Banshee. The squadron transitioned to the F-4 Phantom II in 1961, flying it for 20 years before upgrading to the F-14A Tomcat in 1981 and then the F-14B Tomcat in 1994. The squadron finally traded their F-14s for the F/A-18F Super Hornet in 2002.
"Fast service, fast shipped, very-very large box used for safety purpose, totally satisfaction guaranteed. Shipped yesterday, received today. OSEM!"


text:
Home / Markets / Cryptocurrency / Central-bank digital currencies are coming—whether countries are ready or not
Central-bank digital currencies are coming—whether countries are ready or not
7 min read . Updated: 17 Jan 2023, 06:44 PM IST Christopher Mims, The Wall Street Journal
The game-changing development could have a profound impact on the banking system. But few people still understand it
"Central-bank digital currency" doesn't exactly roll off the tongue. But you might want to get used to saying it. These so-called CBDCs, or digital versions of dollars, yuan, euros, yen or any other currency, are coming, say those who study them. And depending on how they are designed and rolled out, their impact on the banking system could be profound.
One hundred and fourteen countries are exploring digital currencies, and their collective economies represent more than 95% of the world's GDP, according to the Atlantic Council's Central Bank Digital Currency tracker. Some countries, including China, India, Nigeria and the Bahamas, have already rolled out digital currencies. Others, like Sweden and Japan, are preparing for possible rollouts. The U.S. is studying the issue and has run trials of various technologies to enable a digital currency, although Fed chair Jerome Powell has indicated the U.S. central bank has no plans to create one, and won't do so without direction from Congress.
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Debates about the necessity, utility and potential pros and cons of digital currencies are often confusing, and confused, in part because every country rolling out a digital currency is doing it in its own way.
Generally, however, CBDCs can be roughly divided into two types: those designed for use by financial institutions and those designed for use by the general public.
Old vs. new
The first type is just a new way for central banks to transfer money to commercial banks.
More specifically, some central banks are testing whether money transfers between financial institutions—which in some cases can take days to settle—might be made safer and more efficient under a system in which central-bank money is represented by digital tokens and transactions are settled on a shared distributed ledger, concepts borrowed from cryptocurrency and blockchains. One such system is being tested by the New York Fed and a range of big U.S. banks and financial institutions.
The second type of CBDC is a digital version of fiat money made available to the general public through accounts held by a central bank or a commercial bank. From the perspective of a regular person or business, this kind of CBDC isn't any different from the electronic money in their bank accounts today—it's just a digital dollar. What makes these kinds of CBDCs special is that they are created, and held, in accounts that a central bank has direct access to. If another pandemic happened, for example, the Fed could just deposit stimulus "checks" into every U.S. citizen's digital-currency account.
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This type of CBDC represents a departure from the way money is created and distributed today, in that everyday people would now have accounts, or "wallets" that contain money created by their country's central bank itself, instead of by their commercial bank. It represents a profound shift for central banks, from their traditional role as providers of money to a country's banking and financial system, to connecting directly with everyday people.
China's digital yuan is one such currency, and it can be used by everyday Chinese people through existing, and very popular, digital payment services like Alipay and WeChat Pay. India's digital rupee is an equally bold experiment in allowing the country's citizens to transact with a digital version of their currency in a way that could bypass traditional banks.
Question of control
At this point, the average person is probably wondering why, in a world in which billions of people have become accustomed to paying for things with electronic payment systems already, anyone needs a digital version of their currency.
The answer to that question depends on the motivations of the central banker, analyst or academic you ask. Many who study digital currencies argue that at the most basic level, a digital currency is all about control. The rise of cryptocurrencies—which are another form of digital money, but one that isn't controlled by a government or other central authority—and the potential of one nation's digital currency to eat away at the dominance of others' has driven interest in official digital currencies.
"There's a worry that if we don't launch a digital currency in the U.S. or Europe, China will set all the standards for them, and then we'll be at a disadvantage," says Megan Greene, global chief economist at the risk and financial advisory firm Kroll. "Also, digital currencies like crypto really scared the bejeezus out of central bankers."
What central bankers and other interested parties—like the Biden White House, which in a September report outlined the possibilities of a digital U.S. dollar—fear is the potential of cryptocurrencies to wrest control of the creation and transfer of money from central banks, leaving them without the tools they currently have for preventing their respective economies from running too hot or too cold.
All of these threats remain entirely hypothetical for now, says Eswar Prasad, an economist at Cornell University. In his book "The Future of Money," he outlines the other reasons that policy makers give for wanting to create digital currencies.
Perhaps the most noble of those reasons is financial inclusion. In the U.S., only about 5% of people don't have a bank account. But in other countries, such as the Bahamas, which was the first country in the world to implement a digital currency, the figure is much higher—around 18%, according to the country's central bank. If everyone had access to an account with their country's central bank, and could use it to transact instantaneously with others using a digital currency, for a minimal or no fee, the idea is that it would bring many more people into the regional and even global financial system, with all the benefits that attend.
Less privacy
On the other hand, the potential downsides of a digital currency, even one initially intended for only the most benign purposes, could be profound, says Dr. Prasad.
First, there is the obvious issue of privacy. A digital currency could allow governments to track every transaction a person makes, no matter how minute. This level of transparency would be a powerful disincentive to using these currencies for crime or fraud, but it could also open the door to new kinds of social control, especially in countries with already-scant protections for human rights.
For example, says Dr. Prasad, a government could make it impossible to spend the digital currency on things the ruling party deems problematic, like alcohol or pornography. The government also could make transacting with certain people difficult or impossible—China already has a social credit system that ranks citizens algorithmically, and punishes them in various ways.
"Throughout history, I think you see many examples where you see tech that seems very benign get perverted into much more malign uses," says Dr. Prasad.
Even less-malign applications of digital currencies could lead to all sorts of unintended consequences. One, which the crypto industry has run afoul of many times in the recent past, is that the more complex and capable designers of a digital currency make their system, the greater the possibility that it could be manipulated in ways its designers didn't anticipate.
Set aside FTX, which appears to be a straightforward case of the misuse of depositors' funds. Set aside also the many hacks and thefts of cryptocurrency that have taken place of late. Plenty of crypto projects have failed or lost huge amounts of money even when they were functioning exactly as they were designed. For example, the crypto exchange Mango Markets saw $114 million in funds siphoned out by a trader who didn't break any of the rules of the exchange, and simply exploited a feature of the behavior of the exchange that its designers didn't anticipate.
Then there are the failures of various "algorithmic stablecoins"—that is, cryptocurrencies that are supposed to be pegged to the U.S. dollar—which collapsed as soon as the overall value of cryptocurrencies was no longer rising.
Ironically, one of the biggest dangers of central-bank digital currencies could be that they succeed. Buried in the code and systems that dictate how they function could be a liability that a country doesn't discover until it's too late.
It's impossible to know what that liability might be, but the example of the many and varied experiments in new kinds of financial structures and products from the crypto industry should inspire designers of more-complicated digital currencies to tread carefully.
"I think it is inevitable there will be unintended consequences as a result of CBDCs," says Ms. Greene. "The Fed and the Bank of England are moving pretty slowly on digital currencies, which has made them the subject of criticism—but I actually think it is smart they're being methodical, because there are so many different decisions they have to make."
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Our hotel was located near Jelondy Hot Springs. And the hotel had the hot springs water pumped into the pools inside. So it was very difficult to for us to not take advantage of it. Oh, how I love hot springs!
We left Jelondy at 09:00. As we drove, I could feel my ears popping and a slight headache brewing. We were getting high up in altitude.
There was absolutely nothing around as we drove except snow and mountains.
We stopped for lunch at 11:30 Kyrgyz time or 10:30 local time at Alchin, this remote village of mostly Kyrgyz people. The village all had flat roofs with a lot of wear on it. It could easily have been a ghost town if we didn't actually see some life there.
The rest of the drive changed from meters of packed snow to desert. It was quite dramatic to see such a variety of terrain on the same stretch of road.
Another military guy then invited us for tea. The driver's were busy ripping off the black tint on the windows of the Land Cruiser because now, black tint wasn't allowed anymore. Funny how the other checkpoints didn't point that out. Eventually, the drivers gave up because they didn't have the materials to peel the tint off properly. And to the chagrin of the military guy, we didn't have tea with him.
Murghab is Tajikistan's highest town at 3,618m (11,869ft) above sea level. And when I arrived, my head was pounding from the altitude. The drivers dropped us off at the guesthouse then headed off to see their sister who lived in Murghab. I attempted to sleep off the headache and was out for the rest of the day. Be prepared… but at least at the guesthouse, we had a nice fireplace in our room!
We stayed in Filyra Guesthouse for 120TJS $14.16) for the both of us. This did not include food or a banya (a small room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities). Also, showers in this part of the GBAO is pretty much out of the question as water is very scarce.