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Current Pediatric Research
Research Article - Current Pediatric Research (2020) Volume 24, Issue 6
Hydroxyurea adherence in adolescents and young adults with Sickle Cell Disease: An exploration of barriers to adherence in relation to health-related quality of life.
Fatma S Al-Zhrani*, Solafa H Ghoneim, Manar Makin, Najd A Alsukhayri, Shahad A Alshaynawi
Department of Pediatric , College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Fatma S Al-Zhrani
College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia
Accepted date: December 07, 2020
Hydroxyurea adherence, Barriers to hydroxyurea, Health-related quality of life.
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Background and objectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hematologic disorder that affects hemoglobin. With this disease, their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) significantly declines due to disease-related complications. Hydroxyurea is an oral medication recommended for the treatment of youth with SCD, as it is known to improve the HRQOL. However, adherence remains suboptimal. Reported barriers were forgetfulness, inability to obtain the medication, lack of knowledge about hydroxyurea, fear of side effects, and concerns about efficacy. This study aims to was to identify barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and their relationship to adherence rates and (HRQOL) among adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease in a tertiary center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Method: A cross-sectional study used for patients with SCD (aged 15-24 years) in 2019. The study measures included Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ), Modified Morisky Adherence Scale 8-items (MMAS-8), visual analog scale (VAS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant
Results: A total of 40 participants (40% male, 60% female) had a mean age of 19 years reported the following barriers: negative belief (52.5%), recall barriers (35.0%), and access barriers (22.5%). Patients no significant difference was reported with adherence barriers a MMAS-8 score. However, a (p=0.038) with VAS. However, Patients with negative beliefs demonstrated a significant difference (p=0.038) with respect to VAS.
Conclusion: Patients who reported negative beliefs to hydroxyurea were more than those with recall and access barriers. Negative beliefs also showed strong significance with VAS. In future studies, a larger sample size with patients from all over Saudi Arabia would be recommended for more accurate, generalizable results.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent monogenic disorder resulting from abnormal hemoglobin structure in red blood cells that generally responsible for making oxygen delivered to all tissues of the body [1]. Approximately (2-8%) of people around the world has the sickle cell anemia gene, considering it to be the commonest hemoglobinopathy [2]. Patients develop complications in their disease course, such as chronic anaemia, acute and chronic pain, severe chest infection, and long-term end-organ damage [3]. As these complications continue to occur throughout their lives, they experience a high reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) [4].
Hydroxyurea (HU) was approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) in 1998 for the treatment of SCD patients [5]. It is an oral medication recommended for the treatment of youth diagnosed with SCD [6]. The drug causes an increase in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in the circulation, which reduces the complications of SCD due to improved circulation [7]. It has benefits in improving morbidity, mortality, and domains of health-related quality of life [8-14]. Despite these therapeutic benefits, adherence in adolescents and young adults with SCD is often poor [15]. Several barriers contribute to hydroxyurea adherence including forgetfulness, inability to obtain the medication, lack of knowledge regarding hydroxyurea, worry of side effects, and efficacy concerns [16-21].
A study was done in Oman among 298 patients (aged 13 years and above) with SCD assessed the pattern of use, adherence, and safety of HU. Most patients were adherent to HU. However, 14 patients classified as non-adherent, and their major cause was forgetting medication. On the other hand, 128 patients taking HU discontinued the medication for many reasons including adverse drug reaction, contraindications, and no seen benefits [22]. Another cross-sectional study published in 2018 in the United States assessed the compliance to hydroxyurea by 34 youths and young adults (ages 12-22) with SCD. The study concluded that nonadherence to medication is because of the concern of overusing the drug and fearing its harm. Those patients reported a worse quality of life compared to patients with low concerns about hydroxyurea [23].
A similar previous study done in 2017 involved 34 participants (ages 12-22 years) on hydroxyurea for 6 months or more, with no dose escalation for a minimum of 2 months, without chronic transfusions. The study explored the barriers that affect patients' adherence to hydroxyurea. A high HRQOL was achieved by patients who experienced fewer barriers, and those who adhered to the drug [24]. In addition, a cross sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Chicago involving 34 participants (12-22 years old) on a stable dose of hydroxyurea for a minimum of 2 months. They concluded that low adherence to hydroxyurea in SCD patients showed worse HRQOL. This included fatigue, pain, mobility, depression, and social isolation scores [25].
No studies were conducted in Saudi Arabia, especially in the western region to determine barriers to hydroxyurea adherence. It's important to identify barriers to avoid the complications of the sickle cell disease. Therefore, our study aimed to identify barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and their relationship to adherence rates and HRQL among adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease at a tertiary center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
A cross sectional study was done from August to September 2019 by using a survey. The included participants were adolescents and young adults between the ages (15-24) years with SCD (all genotypes). We excluded patients who underwent chronic blood transfusion and those with recent surgery.
A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Information included the Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ), which concentrated on their negative beliefs, recall barriers and access barriers. We considered negative beliefs if the patient answered that HU does not work or has side effects. Recall barriers if they did not remember dosage amount and access barriers if they said it was difficult to refill or to pay for HU.
We used Modified Morisky Adherence Scale 8?items (MMAS-8) and Visual Analogue Scale?dose (VAS dose) to evaluate adherence. In addition, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was used in order to measure fatigue, pain interference, physical functioning mobility, physical functioning of upper-extremities, depression, and anxiety.
Complete confidentiality of information obtained from the patients was achieved, and the information was only used for the benefit of the study. The participation was completely voluntary. Microsoft Excel was used for data entry and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
The sample size of our study was 40 patients, which include 24 (60%) females and 16 (40%) males. Their ages were between (15 and 24) years old. The mean age was 19.06 ± 2.77 yearS (Table 1). Most of the participants 33 (82.5%) regularly use hydroxyurea, while 7 (17.5%) patients did not use hydroxyurea. The majority of participants who reported barriers related to hydroxyurea were negative beliefs or motivational barriers (n=21, 52.5%), followed by recall barriers or forgetfulness (n=14, 35%), and access barriers such as paying for hydroxyurea and/or getting refills on time (n=9, 22.5%) (Table 2).
Age's minimum
Age's maximum
Female 24 60 15 24 19.075 2.7678
Male 16 40
Total 40 100
Table 1. Demographic characteristics.
Negative belief
Recall belief
Access barriers
YES 52.5 21 35 14 22.5 9
NO 47.5 19 65 26 77.5 31
Total 100 40 100 40 100 42
Table 2: Frequency of patients with or without barriers to hydroxyurea adherence.
Adherence levels can be measured by MMAS-8 score that range from 0 and by VAS dose that range from 0 to 100%. Using MMAS-8, Patients with access barriers, recall bias, and negative beliefs showed no significant correlation with adherence criteria (MMAS-8) (p=0.836), (p=0.106) (p=0.079) respectively. In VAS dose, patients with negative beliefs was statistically significant (p=0.038), while those with recall bias and access barriers showed no relation (p=0.325), (p=0.727) respectively (Table 3).
BMQ Negative belief
BMQ-Recall belief
BMQ-Access barriers
MMAS8
Low 12 6 0.079 7 11 0.106 4 14 0.836
Medium 8 6 6 8 4 10
High 0 1 1 0 0 1
Low 16 9 0.038 10 15 0.325 6 19 0.727
Table 3: Barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and levels of adherence.
Anxiety and depression were more common with patients have a negative belief (n=8) while some of them developed fatigue (n=4) and pain interference (n=3). Patients have a negative belief or without recall and access barriers did not show a significant relation to PROMIS scores (Table 4).
HRQOL Domains
BMQ-Negative Belief
BMQ-Recall Barrier
Yes (n=21)
No (n=19)
P. value
Yes (n=9)
Fatigue 4 16 0.787 3 22 0.631 2 26 0.672
Pain Interference 3 17 0.72 3 24 0.21 1 27 0.886
Physical Function: Upper Extremities 1 16 0.246 1 23 0.658 1 28 0.9
Physical Function: Mobility 2 17 0.916 1 23 0.658 0 27 0.256
Anxiety 4 18 0.188 2 23 0.802 2 28 0.316
Depression 4 18 0.188 3 24 0.21 1 27 0.886
Table 4: Barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and health related quality of life.
This study aimed to identify barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and their relationship to adherence rates and and HRQOL among adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease at a tertiary center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Of our participants, 82% regularly used hydroxyurea. Upon obtaining the frequency for each barrier affecting patients' adherence to hydroxyurea, we found that negative belief was the most contributing factor, (52.5%) followed by recall bias (35.0%) then by access barriers (22.5%). We found in our study that negative belief was the most reported common barrier to hydroxyurea adherence. On the other hand, access and recall barriers showed no significance. Haywood et al. studied the reasons behind negative barriers to hydroxyurea adherence and summarized them as the patients' belief that the drug is not working well, a lack of knowledge, and a fear of side effects [26]. Nevertheless, in our study, we did not focus on the possible reasons behind patients' negative beliefs.
A study similar to our own published in 2017 by Badawy SM, found that the most barriers reported were recall barriers 44%) [24]. The study also reported these significant results. The correlation between recall barriers and HRQOL was significant for pain (P=0.02), fatigue (P=0.05), and depression (P=0.05). Our findings showed no significance with these HRQOL domains. In addition, VAS and recall barriers reported significance (P=0.01) in the same study. While in our study, VAS and negative barriers showed significance (P=0.038). Finally, access barriers and MMAS-8 reported significance (P=0.02) in Badawy MS's study. On the contrary, our study showed that negative belief was also not significant (p=0.079) [24].
In another study, they found patients taking hydroxyurea treatment with a high adherence rate have better HRQOL than those with a low adherence rate [25]. Moreover, Arlene Smaldone et al. reported that the more barriers to hydroxyurea, the poorer adherence to it, and the worse HRQOL could get [26]. However, we found no significance in our study between the barriers and HRQOL, and this may be due to our small sample size.
Since this study was a cross-sectional study, the most significant limitation we faced was dealing with a small sample size that can lead to bias. Also, our study was a single center as the population of young adults who participated in the study were all from one governmental hospital that limits the generalizability.
The most frequent barrier in this study was a negative belief (52.5%), while other barriers such as recall barriers were (35%) and access barriers (22.5%). The only significant difference reported was among patients with negative belief barriers and adherence rates to the VAS score (p=0.038). This indicated that the most common barrier in this study affecting adherence to hydroxyurea was negative belief. Furthermore, no association between barriers and HRQOL has been recognized in our study. Further studies are recommended to increase the sample size.
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McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea for sickle cell anaemia: What have we learned and what questions still remain? Curr Opin Hematol 2011; 18: 158-165.
Thornburg CD, Calatroni A, Panepinto JA. Differences in health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease receiving hydroxyurea. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 33: 251-4.
Wang WC, Oyeku SO, Luo Z, et al. Hydroxyurea is associated with lower costs of care of young children with sickle cell anemia. Pediatrics 2013; 132: 677-83.
Wang WC, Ware RE, Miller ST, Iyer RV, Casella JF, Minniti CP, et al. Hydroxycarbamide in very
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Ballas SK, Barton FB, Waclawiw MA, et al. Hydroxyurea and sickle cell anemia: effect on quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006; 4:59.
Nwenyi E, Leafman J, Mathieson K, et al. Differences in quality of life between pediatric sickle cell patients who used hydroxyurea and those who did not. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2014; 27: 468-81.
Loiselle K, Lee JL, Szulczewski L, et al. Systematic and meta-analytic review: Medication adherence among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2016; 41: 406-18.
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Badawy SM, Thompson AA, Liem RI. Technology access and smartphone app preferences for medication adherence in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016;63: 848-52.
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Badawy SM, Thompson AA, Liem RI. Beliefs about hydroxyurea in youth with sickle cell disease. Haematology Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 2018; 11: 142-148.
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Which Type of Red Wine Is the Healthiest?
Learning that one of your vices is actually good for you is like finding out Santa Claus is real, has shredded washboard abs, and is also your biological grandfather. It's a pleasant surprise... that might seem a little too good to be true.
Consider the long-running belief that red wine is good for you. Of course we want to believe that. But is it really?
"I think it's safe to say red wine has some health benefits," said Ginger Hultin, a registered dietitian and spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. "There's a lot of evidence out there right now, and we can take a pretty strong stance on the viability of red wine's health benefits, especially for cardiovascular issues. Small doses of wine are believed to increase good cholesterol and overall health of the heart."
Hultin, who works extensively studying the connections between wine and health and who is also studying to be a sommelier, isn't saying that red wine is objectively healthy. "Before we get caught up in all the potential health positives, we also have to realize the key word is here is moderation," she said. "If you drink wine in excess, the negatives are going to outweigh the positives. Drinking too much will increase cancer risk, can definitely wreak havoc on your immune system and sleeping patterns, and negatively affect so many other areas of your overall health."
So, look, you could sit on the internet all day debating the exactitude of red wine's impact on your health. But assuming you can limit your imbibing and you accept the validity of numerous scientific studies (not a given nowadays), you can reasonably assert that wine can be good for you. Which is good news! But what we're here to debate is whether one type of red wine is actually better for you than the rest.
Will merlot make your heart feel better than a malbec? Will pinot noir make your ticker run better than a cabernet? To figure it out, we have to look at what makes red wine "healthy" in the first place.
Hultin specifically pointed to a phenomenon referred to as the "French Paradox." Essentially, French people commonly drink a ton of red wine and eat a diet with a fairly high amount of saturated fat, yet France remains one of the countries with the lowest rate of heart disease, per capita. "There could be many reasons for this, of course, but it definitely made researchers start taking a look at people who drink wine regularly, and what it could be potentially doing for long-term health in a positive way," she said.
Most studies draw direct correlations between antioxidant content in red wine and positive health benefits. Without getting too bogged down in advanced biology, antioxidants help protect your body from cellular damage. Think of them as little bodyguards that make sure toxic pollutants don't mess with your precious cells, like bouncers making sure those frat dudes in flip-flops don't get into the club and ruin everyone's night. And red wine apparently has a ton of these guys, like Flavonoids, the phenolic compound that gives red wine that dark, burgundy color. It's just one of the components in red wine that can act as an antioxidant. Basically, it's what you want. And all red wines have a significant amount of antioxidants.
But do some wines have more antioxidants than others? Well, approximate antioxidant count is difficult to determine, and can even vary from bottle to bottle of the same batch. However, there are a few things you can keep an eye out for. "Pinot noir is believed to traditionally have more antioxidants than other blends," Hultin said. "Also, the newer a wine is, the higher the antioxidant content will be."
So apologies to everyone saving that vintage 1951 bottle of Penfolds Grange Hermitage, but a fresh bottle of humble Two Buck Chuck might be a better bet for your health…. if slightly less refined.
While antioxidants are (probably!) great for your health, wine has a bunch of stuff in it that isn't exactly stellar for your body. "Just because wine has antioxidants doesn't mean that it's always just going to be great for you," Hultin said. "You also have to factor in caloric content and alcohol content that could offset any benefit from the antioxidants."
So if you are drinking glass after glass of heavy red wine with a lot calories and high alcohol content, you will probably end up hurting your body instead of helping it. You need the Goldilocks wine. The perfect compromise. The one that's just right. And you need to drink it in moderation. So, which one is "just right?"
Picture a Venn diagram. In one circle, we have a wine type with more antioxidants than others. In the other circle, we have a wine that's fairly new, light in caloric content, and low in alcohol. What we are looking for is that sweet center wine. The one that has it all. Or at least... parts of it all.
"I would have to say, a great option would probably be a pinot noir. It's generally believed to have a lot of antioxidants, as I said, and it also doesn't have a ton of calories, nor is it too high in alcohol content," Hultin said. "And again, make sure it's a newer blend."
OK! So if you are looking for the best wine to sip once or twice a week, in the name of promoting a healthy heart, you should probably look to pull a Titus Andromedon and opt for a pinot noir from recent years. But it's not just pinot noir or bust.
"Are there types of red wine that are healthier than others? I do think so," said Hultin. "But I think the most important thing to take away is that moderation is key. If there is a type of red wine that someone truly enjoys, then maybe they just go with that. As long as you drink responsibly, you should be able to enjoy red wine, and benefit from it, too."
Red wine may not be a panacea for all your issues, but if you are smart about it, it can definitely be a plus for your health. And hey, it's definitely fun to drink too.
Wil Fulton is a staff writer for Thrillist. He knows how dangerous wine can be. Follow him: @wilfulton.


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\begin{document}

\date{}

\title{\Large\bf A Review of Different Word Embeddings for Sentiment Classification using Deep Learning}

\author{\begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\extracolsep{8em}}c}
  \\     \hspace{3cm}Debadri Dutta \\
 \\
        \hspace{3cm}School of Electronics \\
        \hspace{3cm}Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology \\
        \hspace{3cm} Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India
\end{tabular}}

\maketitle

\thispagestyle{empty}

\subsection*{\centering Abstract}
{\em
The web is loaded with textual content, and Natural Language Processing is a standout amongst the most vital fields in Machine Learning. But when data is huge simple Machine Learning algorithms are not able to handle it and that is when Deep Learning comes into play which based on Neural Networks. However since neural networks cannot process raw text, we have to change over them through some diverse strategies of word embedding. This paper demonstrates those distinctive word embedding strategies implemented on an Amazon Review Dataset, which has two sentiments to be classified: Happy and Unhappy based on numerous customer reviews. Moreover we demonstrate the distinction in accuracy with a discourse about which word embedding to apply when.
\\Keywords: Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Word Embedding, Neural Networks
}

\section{Introduction}

Semantic vector space models of language represent
each word with a real-valued vector. These vectors can be utilized as highlights in multiple applications, for example, data recovery
document classification, sentiment classification, parsing, text generation, etc.

Word embeddings are in certainty a class of methods where singular words are represented to as real-valued vectors in a predefined vector space. Each word is mapped to one vector and the vector values are found out in a way that takes after a neural network, and subsequently the procedure is frequently lumped into the field of deep learning. Key to the approach is utilizing a dense distributed representation for each word.
Each word is represented to by a real-valued vector, often tens or many measurements. This is differentiated to the thousands or millions of dimensions required for sparse word representations, for example, a one-hot encoding.

The popular models that we are aware of are, the skipgram method, the CBOW model under the word2vec, the GloVe embedding method.
In this work we analyze the different word embedding models,  on an Amazon Review Dataset, for our deep learning model, and display the results obtained in the accuracy levels.
\section{An Overview of the Different Word Embeddings}
 \hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{Embedding Layer:} An embedding layer, for absence of a superior name, is a word embedding that is found out mutually with a neural network show on a particular natural language processing task, for example, language modelling or document classification. It requires that document text be cleaned and arranged with the end goal that each word is one-hot encoded. The span of the vector space is indicated as a component of the model, for example, 50, 100, or 300 measurements. The vectors are introduced with small random numbers. The embedding layer is utilized toward the front of a neural network and is fit supervisedly utilizing the Backpropagation calculation. The one-hot encoded words are mapped to the word vectors.  In the case if a recurrent neural network is utilized, at that point each word might be taken as one input in a sequence.This approach of learning an embedding layer requires a lot of training data and can be slow, but will learn an embedding both targeted to the specific text data and the NLP task.

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{GloVe Embedding:}The Global Vectors for Word Representation, or GloVe, calculation is an augmentation to the word2vec strategy for effectively learning word vectors, created by Pennington, et al. at Stanford. Classical  vector space models portrayals of words were produced utilizing matrix factorization strategies, for example, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) that complete a great job of utilizing global text statistics yet are not in the same class as the educated techniques like word2vec at catching importance and exhibiting it on undertakings like figuring analogies.
GloVe is an approach to marry both the worldwide measurements of matrix factorization procedures like LSA with the  local context-based learning in word2vec.
As opposed to utilizing a window to characterize nearby setting, GloVe builds an express word-context or word co-occurence matrix utilizing statistics over the entire text corpus. The outcome is a learning model that may bring about for the most part better word embeddings.\vspace{1mm}

\hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{Word2Vec:} Word2Vec is a statistical method for efficiently learning a standalone word embedding from a text corpus. In the year 2013, Tomas Mikolov, et al. whle working in Google came up with a solution to make embedding training more efficient with pre-trained word embedding. It deals with mainly two processes:

i) \hspace{0.2cm}Continuous  Skip-Gram Model

ii) \hspace{0.15cm}Continuous Bag-of-Words Model or CBOW

\hspace{-0.45cm}However here, in this case I have worked only with the CBOW Model.

\hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{Difference b/w word2vec \& GloVe Embedding:}

The essential distinction amongst word2vec and GloVe embedding is that, word2vec is a "predictive" model though GloVe embedding is a "count-based" model. Predictive models take in their vectors so as to enhance their predictive capacity of Loss(target word | setting words; Vectors), i.e. the loss of predicting the target words from the context words given the vector representations. In word2vec, this is given a role as a feed-forward neural system and streamlined all things considered utilizing SGD, and so on.

Count-based models take in their vectors by basically doing dimensionality reduction on the co-occurrence counts matrix. They first build an extensive network of (words x context) co-occurrence information, i.e. for each "word" (the lines), you count how as often as possible we see this word in some "specific circumstance" (the columns) in a vast corpus. The number of "contexts" is obviously extensive, since it is basically combinatorial in estimate. So then they factorize this matrix to yield a lower-dimensional (word x highlights) matrix, where each row currently yields a vector representation for each word. All in all, this is finished by limiting a "reconstruction loss" which attempts to discover the lower-dimensional representations which can clarify the greater part of the variance in the high-dimensional information. In the particular instance of GloVe, the count matrix is preprocessed by normalizing the counts and log-smoothing them. This ends up being a good thing as far as the  quality of the learned representations.

\section{Results and Conclusions}

\hspace{-0.5cm}The methods were implemented on an Amazon Review Dataset,which had almost 1 million words and 0.72 million sentences posted by the Customers. There were two sentiments to be classified: Happy and Unhappy. For each method, the dataset was divided into 70\% train data and 30\% test data and the training was done with only 2 epochs on CPU. However, for each case it took almost 3-4 hours on an average for each epoch to complete.

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{Embedding without pre-trained weights:}

 \hspace{-0.5cm}The output vectors are not processed from the input information utilizing any mathematical function. Rather, each information number is utilized as the index to get to a table that contains every possible vector. That is the motivation behind why you have to indicate the size of the vocabulary as the primary contention.

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \begin{tabular}{ |p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}| }
 \hline
 \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Embedding w/o pre-trained weights} \\
 \hline
 Epoch No. & Accuracy(\%) &Validation Accuracy(\%)\\
 \hline
1   & 94.33    &94.64\\
 2&   97.60  & 95.40\\
 \hline
\end{tabular}\vspace{5mm}

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{GloVe Embedding:}

 \hspace{-0.5cm}The insights of word events in a corpus is
the essential wellspring of data accessible to all unsupervised techniques for learning word representations, furthermore, albeit numerous such techniques presently exist, the inquiry still stays with respect to how meaning is produced from these measurements, and how the subsequent word vectors may speak to that significance. We utilize our bits of knowledge to develop another model for word portrayal which we call GloVe, for Global Vectors, in light of the fact that the global corpus insights are caught straightforwardly by the model.

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \begin{tabular}{ |p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|  }
 \hline
 \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{GloVe Embedding} \\
 \hline
 Epoch No. & Accuracy(\%) &Validation Accuracy(\%)\\
 \hline
1   & 82.07    &79.91\\
 2&   85.20  & 83.32\\

 \hline
\end{tabular}\vspace{5mm}

\hspace{-0.6cm} \textbf{Embedding with Word2Vec CBOW \& Negative Sampling:}

 \hspace{-0.5cm}The goal of word2vec is to discover word embeddings, given a text corpus. As it were, this is a strategy for discovering low-dimensional representations of words. As an outcome, when we discuss word2vec we are regularly discussing Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. For instance, a word2vec demonstrate prepared with a 3-dimensional hidden layer will bring about 3-dimensional word embeddings. It implies that, say, "apartment" will be represented by a three-dimensional vector of real numbers that will be close (consider it regarding Euclidean separation) to a comparable word, for example, "house". Put another way, word2vec is a procedure for mapping words to numbers. There are two fundamental models that are utilized inside the setting of word2vec: the Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) and the Skip-gram show. Here the experiment was done only with the CBOW model along with negative sampling. In the CBOW model the objective is to find a target word, given a context of words. In the simplest case in which the word's context is only represented by a single word.

 \hspace{-0.6cm} \begin{tabular}{ |p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|  }
 \hline
 \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Embedding with Word2Vec

 CBOW \& Negative Sampling} \\
 \hline
 Epoch No. & Accuracy(\%) &Validation Accuracy(\%)\\
 \hline
1   & 80.33    &82.98\\
 2&   85.88  & 86.53\\

 \hline
\end{tabular}\vspace{5mm}

\subsection*{Conclusion}
The astonishing actuality was that Embedding with no pre-trained weights had a superior outcome than word2vec with pre-trained weight or GloVe Embedding. This is a territory where additionally tests can be done, most likely an a whole lot greater dataset or for different purposes like text generation. In any case, for sentiment classification in light of Customer surveys, pre-trained weights couldn't satisfy that desires, which can be comprehended by implies for some examination.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Grease an 18 x 27 cm baking tin and line with baking pape, then grease again.
Sift and combine the dry ingredients.
Add the egg, egg yolk and honey and beat well.
Add the raisins and half the chopped ginger preserve and mix to form a dough.
Spoon onto the baking sheet, spreading evenly.
Drizzle with icing (see recipe below) and sprinkle the remaining ginger preserve on top.
Heat 60 ml light brown sugar, 30 ml milk, and 30 ml butter in a saucepan until the butter has melted and the sugar has dissolved.
Remove from the heat and beat in 5 ml vanilla essence and 250 ml icing sugar.
If the mixture is too thick, add a few drops of milk.
If it's too slack add more icing sugar.
Cool the icing slightly before drizzling over the cookies.
Leave for about 15 minutes to harden.


text:
Three Must-Have Gmail Add-Ons
By C.G. Lynch
CIO |
Google has added new features to its Gmail service during the past couple months that make the Web-based e-mail service more business-friendly and versatile. Here's a look at three free add-ons that could really improve your usual Gmail routine.
Gmail is part of Google Apps, the Internet giant's software package that includes e-mail, calendar, documents, spreadsheets and sites (a wiki). Anyone can get a free Google Apps account by singing up for Gmail, while businesses can buy a premier edition for $50 per user per year.
You can install the following three add-ons with either version (free or paid) of Gmail. To add them, you must first go to Gmail Labs. To access Gmail Labs, click on the green beaker in the upper right hand corner of your Gmail inbox (it appears next to the "settings" tab).
If you like these add-ons, be sure to scan our previous Gmail Add-on reviews: five favorite Gmail add-ons and five (more ) favorite Gmail add-ons . As the Google guys will tell you, all of these features are experimental, so don't be surprised if you see some kinks.
1. Offline Gmail
How it helps do no evil: Call it the airplane problem. One of the hang-ups businesses have had in adopting Gmail for their workers has been offline e-mail access. With traditional, client-based e-mail, it's easy to launch your Lotus Notes or Microsoft Outlook and type out some e-mails while in an area sans Wi-Fi. After balking at the need for offline e-mail for quite some time, as any offline software essentially runs counter to Google's business model, the company finally relented with offline Gmail that allows you to work on e-mails in your browser while you're not connected to the Internet.
With offline Gmail, you can write and read e-mails. Messages that you compose while offline will be stored in your outbox and automatically sent next time you connect to the Internet.
How to set it up: You must first install Google Gears on your web-browser. Gears, a Google-led open source project, allows you to utilize many Web-based applications in an offline mode. After you install it, you probably will have to restart your browser.
Log into Gmail and click on the green Labs beaker. Scroll to "Offline." Click "enable" and "save changes." After you do that, an "offline" tab will appear next to the Google labs beaker and "settings" tab in the upper right corner of your inbox. From here, it's simple. Click on the "offline" tab and it will create a locally stored cache of your e-mail messages (if you have a pretty healthy sized inbox, it will go back about six months).
Doing no good: It would be great if you could control the amount of messages you choose to take offline with greater granularity. I appreciate the fact that the tool doesn't try to download all of the e-mails if you have a big account, but I'd prefer to just take a select 20 or so offline rather than clog up my machine with several months' worth of messages.
Google has listed some other limitations to offline Gmail, including not being able to send e-mail with attachments. This could be a big limitation for some of you, so beware.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMainFrame

IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)
	//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMainFrame)
		// NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
		//    DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
	ON_WM_CREATE()
	//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMainFrame construction/destruction

CMainFrame::CMainFrame()
{
}

int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{
	if (CFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
	if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
		return FALSE;
	// TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying
	//  the CREATESTRUCT cs

	return TRUE;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMainFrame diagnostics

#ifdef _DEBUG
void CMainFrame::AssertValid() const
{
	CFrameWnd::AssertValid();
}

void CMainFrame::Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const
{
	CFrameWnd::Dump(dc);
}

#endif //_DEBUG

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMainFrame message handlers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Modern Reno Solutions is now Elfarro Design-Build. Read more about our rebrand here.
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get an estimate →
Elfarro Design-Build wins 2020 Homestars Best of Award in Ottawa
For four years in a row, I am pleased to announce that we are honoured with a Homestars Best of 2020 Award, celebrating our commitment to quality work and service.
"To be recognized with this award is a great accomplishment and we are proud of this honour," says Kal Elfarro, Founder. "We always strive to improve our service and hope to win this award again next year!" Best of Award winners are the top performers on Homestars, ranging from independent contractors to larger retailers.
Winners are selected using several criteria including homeowner reviews as well as their responsiveness to homeowners. "To win one of these awards is really a testament to a contractor's quality of work," says Nancy Peterson, Founder and CEO of Homestars. "We like to think of them as our own People's Choice Awards since they are based on the reviews written by homeowners."
About Homestars
Homestars is a free service helping homeowners find reputable renovators, repairmen and retailers through its database of 2 million companies and hundreds of thousands of reviews. Homeowners write reviews based on their home improvement experiences - both good and bad - helping build a collective knowledge base that is invaluable in helping homeowners make better hiring decisions. A trusted resource since 2006, Homestars has grown to be the leading online community of homeowners and home improvement companies in Canada.
About Kal Elfarro
Kal has been in the Ottawa renovation and construction industry for over a decade. He has worked in nearly every aspect of the industry, from helping establish a multi-million-dollar renovation franchise, to project management, and identifying high-quality suppliers of fine materials for intricate building projects.
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Modern Reno Solutions is now Elfarro Design-Build
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text:
Dr. Jeremy Straub, Director
Dr. Straub is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the North Dakota State University. Straub was the founding associate director of the NDSU Institute for Cyber Security Education and Research. He holds a Ph.D. in Scientific Computing, an M.S. and an M.B.A. and two B.S degrees. He has published over 45 journal articles and over 150 full conference papers, in addition to making numerous other conference presentations. Straub's research spans the gauntlet between technology, commercialization and technology policy. In particular, his research has recently focused on robotic command and control, cybersecurity as it relates to autonomous systems, using artificial and computational intelligence techniques for intrusion detection and 3D printing quality assurance and security. Straub is a member of Sigma Xi, the AAAS, the AIAA, SPIE and several other technical societies, he has also served as a track or session chair for numerous conferences.
Dr. Kendall Nygard, Director Emeritus
Kendall E. Nygard is an emeritus professor. He was previously a full professor and served as Department Chair of the Computer Science Department at the North Dakota State University (NDSU). He has served in Washington D. C. as a Jefferson Science Fellow at the U. S. Department of State and Senior Science Advisor at USAID. He is currently a U. S. Department of State Virtual Fellow. Dr. Nygard is also a fellow of the International Academy, Research, and Industry Association. He is a recipient of the 2016 Chamber of Commerce NDSU Distinguished Faculty Service Award. Dr. Nygard earned his PhD degree at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. He has advised 23 PhD students and more than 150 Master of Science students. In research, he been awarded more than 50 grants and contracts and is widely published. He was the founding director of the Institute for Cybersecurity Education and Research at NDSU and leads the North Dakota University System task force on cybersecurity. Application areas in which he has conducted research include cyber security, smart grid, sensor networks, unmanned air systems routing and scheduling, wireless ad hoc networks, encryption, and social media. His primary methodologies are big data analytics, optimization models, artificial intelligence, and simulation.
Dr. Simone Ludwig
Dr. Ludwig is a full professor in and the chair of the NDSU Department of Computer Science. She joined the Department of Computer Science at North Dakota State University (NDSU) as Associate Professor in Fall 2010. Prior to joining NDSU, she worked at the University of Saskatchewan (Canada), ConcordiaUniversity (Canada), Cardiff University (UK) and Brunel University (UK). She received her PhD degree and MSc degree with distinction from Brunel University (UK), in 2004 and 2000, respectively. Before starting her academic career she worked several years in the software industry. Her research interests lie in the area of computational intelligence including swarm intelligence, evolutionary computation, neural networks, and fuzzy reasoning. In particular, computational intelligence methods and algorithms are applied to optimization problems in areas such as data mining (including big data), image processing, and cloud computing.
Dr. Juan Li
Dr. Li received her B.S. degree in Computer Science from the Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, in 1997, her M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2001, and her Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in 2008. Currently she is a full Professor in the Computer Science Department at the North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND, USA. Dr. Li is the author of one book and more than 70 articles. Dr. Li's major research interest in security lies in trust and privacy management, secure distributed systems, secure social networking, and semantic web technologies.
Dr. Jun Kong
Dr. Kong received the B.S. degree from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1998, the M.S. degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA, in 2005, all in computer science. He is a full Professor of Computer Science with North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA. His research and teaching interests include human–computer interaction, visual languages, and software engineering. Especially, he is interested in designing security and usable systems and improving the software security from the perspective of interface design.
Dr. Pratap Kotala
Dr. Kotala is an Assistant Professor of Practice in Computer Science at NDSU. In over 18 years, he has taught a variety of Computer Science courses at both undergraduate and graduate level. He also has two years of industry experience as an IT consultant in the Health Insurance industry. His broad research interests include Cybersecurity, Software Engineering and Data Mining.
He is actively involved in developing the Graduate Certification program in Cybersecurity and the effort towards a National Center for Excellence for Cybersecurity recognition at NDSU. In June 2017, Dr. Kotala will be leading the Cyber Analyst workshop during the UCodeGirl summer camp for middle and high school girls. Recently, he was part of the panel discussion on Filling the Demand and Need for an Educated Cyber Security Workforce at the ND Cybersecurity Conference held in March, 2017. In June, 2016, Dr. Kotala led the Cybersecurity workshop for Nurturing American Tribal Undergraduate Research and Education (NATURE) Summer camp. He had the opportunity to participate and learn about lean methodologies for solving Department of Defense and Intelligence community problems during the "Hacking for Defense" educator's seminar at Stanford University in August, 2016.
Dr. Kotala received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from NDSU.
Dr. Daniel Klenow
Dr. Klenow is a full professor in the Department of Emergency Management at North Dakota State University (NDSU). He first became involved in disaster research in 1979 as a participating researcher in a study of a tornado disaster in Wichita Falls, Texas. His Ph.D. is from the University of Notre Dame and he teaches courses on homeland security, international disasters, emergency management theory, disaster case studies and research methods in emergency management. He also teaches in the Managerial Logistics Program at the Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute at NDSU. Professor Klenow is interested in the areas of response and recovery, homeland security and cyber security, terrorism, emergency management theory/methods, and emergency management and homeland security curriculum development. His research appears in Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Social Science and Medicine, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying, Death Studies, Sociological Symposium, Psychotherapy, and the Journal of General Education. He has also served as a principal or associate investigator on grants from the National Science Foundation, Department of Education, FEMA, Alex Stern Foundation, Natural Hazards Center and various North Dakota state agencies. He recently served as a subject matter expert for emergency management program accreditation in the United Arab Emirates, Toronto, Ontario, and the State University of New York (SUNY) System.
Dr. Saeed Salem
Dr. Salem received his PhD in Computer Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York in 2009. He is currently an associate professor at North Dakota State University, USA. His research interests include Data Mining, Cyber security, Software Engineering, and Bioinformatics.
Dr. Salem has taught several graduate and undergraduate courses, including Data Mining, Principals of Cyber Security, and Social and Information Network Analysis, and offers a graduate seminar on Cyber Security Data Analytics.
Dr. Sudarshan Srinivasan
Dr. Srinivasan received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 2003 and 2007, respectively, and the B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the University of Madras, Chennai, India, in 2001. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo. His primary research interests include formal verification as applied to digital circuits and systems, asynchronous circuits, microprocessor design, real-time embedded software, and cybersecurity. His other research interests include electronic design automation, low-power design, and computer engineering pedagogy.
Dr. Changhui Yan
Dr. Yan received his Ph.D. degree in computer science and bioinformatics from Iowa State University in 2005. He worked as assistant professor at Utah State University from 2005 to 2009. Then in 2010 he joined computer science department of North Dakota State University. In his research, Dr. Yan aims to tackle the Big Data challenges in bioinformatics and biomedical informatics using data mining, machine learning, and cloud computing technologies. Biological and biomedical sciences have entered the big data era, in which data are being generated and collected in an unprecedented rate. New infrastructures and methods are urgently needed for the storage, management and analysis of these data. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), he strives to address these challenges using two approaches. In the first one, he develops innovative machine-learning and data mining methods that can perform knowledge discovery on biomedical data efficiently by integrating heterogeneous data using ontology. In the second one, he develops research infrastructure that employs cloud computing technology to store and manage biomedical data and speed up the data analysis using parallel and GPU computing. He is also actively exploring data mining problems in the emerging fields of cyber security and computer networks.
Dr. Raj Bridgelall
Dr.Bridgelall has more than 27 years of industry experience and 140 U.S. patents issued or pending in the areas of sensing, secure wireless communications, and mobile computing. Until 2004, he served as a Chief Technologist at Motorola Corporation where he pioneered optoelectronic and radio frequency identification technologies for high-speed object and image recognition. Subsequently, he led two sensor network companies as Vice President of Engineering and as Chief Technology Officer to create energy-harvesting and wireless tracking technologies to secure ports, borders, and infrastructure systems. Currently, Dr. Bridgelall is Director of the SMARTSeSM Intelligent Transportation Systems program at the North Dakota State University where he has led research funded by more than $2 million in grants. As assistant professor of transportation, he is pioneering a course on intelligent transportation solutions. He is the author of several textbook chapters and more than 65 peer-reviewed technical articles. In 2014, he received the Best of Sensors award for advancements in remote sensing applications. He holds a doctorate degree in Transportation and Logistics, a master's degree in Computer Engineering, and a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering.
Graduate Student Affiliates
Maryam Malaa Alruwaythi
Alruwaythi is a PhD student in Software Engineering at North Dakota State University. She has a MS in Software Engineering, certificate in big data management and certificate in business analysis from St. Thomas University, St Paul, MN, and a BS in Information Technology from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She is currently working as graduate assistant in the Computer Science department at North Dakota State University. Her research interests lie in software engineering, cloud computing security, and big data management.
Naqib Hossain
Hossain is a MS student in Software Engineering at North Dakota State University with 6+ years of software industry experience. He developed numerous applications during the period of employment. He is currently re-architecting CHAPS, A Cow Herd Appraisal of Performance System of AES Dickinson R/E Center ND, as a part of his graduate assistantship. He also has Master degree in computer science and Bachelor degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from American International University-Bangladesh. His research interests include software testing, trust model, social media and security vulnerability testing of applications.
Faisal Kabir
Faisal is currently a PhD student in the Computer Science department at North Dakota State University where he is involved in several clubs/organizations as well as diverse leadership activities. He obtained his BS and MS in Computer Science & Engineering from United International University, Bangladesh, part of which was completed at the University of Bradford, UK under the European Union's eLink scholarship. His broad research interest is in machine learning and data mining , with a goal to develop and apply these techniques in diverse fields like healthcare, geo-spatial, and cyber security. He is also interested in applying his knowledge, and design technologies for unprivileged health communities.
Damian Lampl
Damian Lampl is a faculty member in Computer Science at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, where he is leading cooperative efforts with the NDSU Institute for Cybersecurity Education and Research. Lampl has expertise in numerous areas related to cybersecurity, including trust modeling, data analytics, and high-performance vertical data storage and processing methodologies.
Sayantica Pattanayak
Sayantica is currently pursuing her PhD in the Department of Computer Science at North Dakota State University. Sayantica obtained her MS degree from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Dakota State University. She is currently working as graduate assistant in the Computer Science Department at North Dakota State University. Her research area of interest includes cryptography, neural networks and neural cryptography.
Aakanksha Rastogi
Aakanksha is a PhD student in Software Engineering at North Dakota State University. She has also received her MS in Software Engineering from North Dakota State University and has about 4 years of prior industry experience both as a Software Developer and a Quality Assurance Analyst. She also assisted the workshop during the UCodeGirl summer camp for middle and high school girls in June 2017. She is currently working as a graduate assistant in the Computer Science Department at North Dakota State University. Her broad research interests include Cybersecurity, Software Engineering, and secure software development practices.
Ameneh Forouzandeh Shahraki
Shahraki is a current PhD student at the North Dakota State University. Her research interest is focused on reliability-based robust design optimization and for impr ing reliability, maintainability, and availability by using degradation-based data. She is a member of the Institute of Industrial and System Engineers (IISE) and ASQ Reliability Division.
Ali Rahim Taleqani
Taleqani is a PhD candidate in Transportation and Logistics in the Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute. He is also a PhD student in Computer Science at North Dakota State University. As a NDSU graduate assistant he worked on research projects in the field of public transportation, agent-based modeling, freight transportation, and data analytics. He is also investigating various aspects of cyber security issues and the applications machine learning techniques for improving intelligent transportation systems.
Last Updated: Wednesday, September 22, 2021 2:50:35 AM


text:
Beletria – anglicky
Vojnové romány
All the Light We Cannot See (Anthony Doerr) (Pulitzer Prize winner 2015)
Anthony Doerr's All the Light We Cannot See won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. A beautiful, stunningly ambitious novel...
Anthony Doerr • Fourth Estate (2015)
Anthony Doerr's All the Light We Cannot See won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. A beautiful, stunningly ambitious novel about a blind French girl and a German boy whose paths collide in occupied France as both try to survive the devastation of World War II, from the highly acclaimed, multiple award-winning Anthony Doerr. When Marie Laure goes blind, aged six, her father builds her a model of their Paris neighborhood, so she can memorize it with her fingers and then navigate the real streets. But when the Germans occupy Paris, father and daughter flee to Saint-Malo on the Brittany coast, where Marie-Laure's agoraphobic great uncle lives in a tall, narrow house by the sea wall.
In another world in Germany, an orphan boy, Werner, is enchanted by a crude radio. He becomes a master at building and fixing radios, a talent ultimately makes him a highly specialized tracker of the Resistance. Werner travels through the heart of Hitler Youth to the far-flung outskirts of Russia, and finally into Saint-Malo, where his path converges with Marie-Laure.
Deftly interweaving the lives of Marie-Laure and Werner, Doerr illuminates the ways, against all odds, people try to be good to one another. Ten years in the writing, ALL THE LIGHT WE CANNOT SEE is his most ambitious and dazzling work.
Jazyk: anglický Rok vydania: 2015 Rozmer: 130×197 mm ISBN: 9780007548699 Počet strán: 531 Väzba: brožovaná
Ďalšie z kategórie Vojnové romány
The Tattooist of Auschwitz (Heather Morris)
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (John Boyne) (Paperback)
Slaughterhouse 5 Vintage Past
All Quiet on the Western Front (Erich Maria Remarque) (Paperback)
Alone in Berlin (Penguin Modern Classics, Geoff Wilkes )
The Enigma (Alan Turing)
Andrew Hodges
Armada (Ernest Cline)
To Have and Have Not (Ernest Hemingway) (Paperback)
The Boy at the Top of the Mountain (John Bayne)
Commodore Hornblower
C.S. Forester
The Devil's Arithmetic (Jane Yolen)
Rhidian Brook
War and Turpentine (Stefan Hertmans)
Hana's Suitcase
Karen Levine
Across the River and into the Trees (Ernest Hemingway) (Paperback)
A Hero in France
Alan Furst
The Good Doctor of Warsaw
Elisabeth Gifford
Lucy Adlington
Svetová klasika


text:
Коммевейне (; сранан-тонго Kawina-liba) — річка в північній частині Суринаму. Її витік знаходиться в однойменному окрузі держави, з території якого тече на північ, де справа в неї впадає звивиста , потім, повертаючи на захід, в районі Ньїв-Амстердаму приямає річку Суринам і, пройшовши 30 км, впадає в Атлантичний океан. Площа водозбору річки становить 6600 км.

Історично Коммевейне мала важливе значення для судноплавства: океанські судна проводили великі баржі з бокситами, який перевозив з Мунго на схід, до злиття з Суринамом і звідти вже прямували на південь, через Парамарибо, на Паранамський нафтопереробний завод, острів Тринідад і в США. Раніше тверда тропічна деревина сплавляли по річці до столиці Суринаму. В наш час запаси бокситів в районі Мунго значно виснажилися і транспортуванням твердої деревини займаються вантажівки. Океанські судна вели торгівлю на річці вже в 1986 році. Також незаконну торгівлю здійснюють місцеві жителі і туристи, що припливають на човнах.

У XVI—XVII століттях називалася «Камайвіні» і «Каммавіні». Нинішнє найменування — «Коммевейне», імовірно, походить від аравакських слів «кама» («тапір») і «віні» («вода»/«річка»).

Література

Річки Суринаму
Коммевейне

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New China-Europe freight train service launched
Updated: Sep 16, 2020 Print
Aerial photo shows a China-Europe freight train ready to leave the Tuanjiecun Station in Chongqing municipality, Southwest China, April 3, 2020. [Photo/Xinhua]
A freight train on Saturday left Hefei, capital of East China's Anhui province, for Dourges in France, marking the launch of a new rail cargo service between Hefei and Europe.
The train, carrying refrigerators and freezers worth $630,000, is expected to arrive in the French port city after a journey of 16 days.
The goods will be distributed from Dourges to other European cities.
Anhui operates 24 China-Europe freight train routes. In the first eight months of this year, Hefei saw a total of 309 inbound and outbound China-Europe freight trains, a year-on-year increase of 8 percent.


text:
Remix Culture and Postmodernism | Essay
✅ Paper Type: Free Essay ✅ Subject: Arts
✅ Wordcount: 1724 words ✅ Published: 3rd May 2018
The identity of our society fluxes continually with time change- as was noted by Greek-free-thinker, Heraclitus- when he expressed the impossibility of one to jump into a particular river more than once. This point of view about the dynamic nature of society continued for long when philosophers became rather convinced that the onward drive of society hinged on immutable laws. Recently, the evolutionally nature of society is considered to be progressive and that it relents more or less on pastiche, parody, or self-conscious appropriations through arts, philosophy and other humankind-related-creativity that are projecting civil, modern, and modernized society into the post-modern era, arguably. This paper will discuss Post-Modernism and how remix culture has affected or influenced it. Chances offered by discussed remix strategies to cultural and political critiques of post-modernism will also be considered.
However, to appreciate the influence of remix-culture on post-modernism, it is appropriate to discussion the evolutionally path of post-modernism. Hence, the paper will address the topic using the approach.
Evolution of Post-modernism
By the end of the 1970s, the question began to be considered among French thinkers about the soar of society, and whether it was driven at all. There was the denier of the point that humans were still in the modern period which had been introduced by Enlightenment, two centuries back (Lash, Samuel and Friedman James. 1992). To this school of thought, modernization introduced a period of scientific thinking and capitalistic industrialization as well as the likelihood of nuclear battles, slavery and neo-colonialism, horror, racism, Euro-centralization, and immense hunger in third world countries. The legacies of Enlightenment were not particularly friendly, then, the thinkers concluded (Anderson, Paul. 1998). It was better to consider the theories by which modernism stood as been harmful and terrible. Certainly, humankind had moved completely ahead of modernism into a post-modern age.
Post-modernism has been defined as a propensity in present-day culture typified by rebuff of purposeful truth and worldwide traditional meta-narrative or accountability (Jameson, Fredrick. 1991). However, this definition cannot be relied on completely because it falls to identify completely with the wide viewpoints of post-modernism which include response to the implicitly scientific nature, objectivity, and attempt to elucidate reality. The definition has also not complied with the fact that:
Postmodernism is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema, journalism, and design, as well as in marketing and business and in the interpretation of law, culture, and religion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries (Georg, Iggers. 1997).
There is a complexity in finding a very reliable definition that satisfies completely the topic of post modernism, therefore, due to its much diversified nature as the majority of definitions on the topic are terribly vague and habitually incoherent to others. There is a further complexity in deep differentiation between modernism and post modernism since the both could be linked with intellectual movements and aesthetics which are common in literary arts and philosophy.
'…modernity and post-modernity have tended to be used to refer to changes in social and economic institutions' (Giddens, Amber. 1990).
The context of knowledge of post-modernism, and how it is affected by remix-cultures, will be limited in this paper to two distinct examples: Arts and philosophy. This is imperative to limit the discussion to the question as well as to avoid perplexity.
In consideration of post-modern art, it is proper to state that this is a little more than sculptural and paint art. Post-modern art also involves architectural, musical, dramatic, and literary arts with a major undefined meaning and depth. It is characterized by content and form diversity. Thus, art critics have based their critic of post-modern art on the characteristic of its vagueness. For example, Callinicos argued:
… multidimensional and slippery space of post-modernism [where] anything goes with anything, like a game without rules. Floating images … maintain no relationship with anything at all, and meaning becomes detachable like the keys on a key ring. Dissociated and decontextualized, they slide past one another failing to link up into a coherent sequence. Their fluctuating but not reciprocal interactions are unable to fix meaning (Callinicos, Awender. 1989).
The ready acceptance to this critic is based on the non-specified emergent style of architectural works around us in the past few decades. Building architects seem to be entirely dependent on remix of the past works. Most of the most adored cities around us are actually product of 'rejuvenation' by certain architects in a quest to gratify their proficient fantasies. A very interesting illustration of this is the London Docklands. Even in developing countries like Nigeria, in Africa, art has gone 'old school' and fashion, music and architecture has followed suite. Another critic says:
Using operatic arias to promote football matches, classical music to persuade us to fly a particular airline, watching Pavarotti in the Park – there is no longer a distinction between high and popular culture ['anything goes with anything, like a game without rules'] (Layder, Dye. 1994).
The media's increase and power, culturally, through films, television or advertisements has contributed immensely to the perception people have on society. Kumar is of the point of view that post-modernists consider the media slightly differently from the customary idea of a mere communication means. The present-day media, for them, is not quite a communicational device; it is an entirely fresh environment for the present-day human- the kind of environment were one is entirely engrossed to social epistemology. People can interact with computers for hours in total contempt of the company. Kumar concludes:
The media have created a new 'electronic reality', suffused with images and symbols, which has obliterated any sense of an objective reality behind the symbols … In hyperreality it is no longer possible to distinguish the imaginary from the real (Kumar, Kanger. 1997).
This viewpoint was first recognized by Baudrillard Jean who initiated the theory of 'reality' as been an interchange of signs and ops in semantic acts through digital technology and electronic media for the consumption of the viewer. The theory contended that in a situation as stated, there is a detachment of the subjects from the results of occurrences (including artistic, philosophical or personal) such that events loss identifiable perspective. He held to the claim that a steady flow of forms and orientation that do not posses a direct effect a viewer would certainly create a gap between an object, indiscernibly, and appearance, and would result, paradoxically, to holography of appearance.
The lost of identity of works of art in our time results into parody in the sense that they utilize cynical approaches by imitating previous works of arts of earlier years. To some extent, this works are not meant to mock previous art works. However, they embedment in a description of pastiche, parody, or self-conscious is totally identified by the lost of originality in such works.
Recently, the imitation of previous art pieces seems to by primarily accepted by national laws through the limitation of copy rights. For example, it is believed:
Film is a popular industry where a parody may be created. Iconic films that contain a parody of an original work include the Scary Movie series, which are spoofs of many top box office horror films and Spaceballs, which spoofs the George Lucas film Star Wars.
Similarly, the tendency for parody in music is overwhelming. Already, there is an existing market for parody music and it is growing rapidly.
During the latter part of the 1960s, the US and Western Europe were caught up in political dilemma. Tendencies for significant political transformation in the year 1968 were obvious in the Western world consequent of movement such as the Chicano which sort for true liberation for minors. In France, the fight was debatably rather severe. This resulted to weakening of the large sway which had previously been exercised by the gargantuan Communist Party (where a majority of scholars owned reasonable commitment). This disenchantment resulted to their detachment from political affairs and consequent disbelief in political theories like Marxism. Even though they had many discrepancies, they accepted the fact of a disconnected and plural nature identifiable with reality. They disagreed with human thoughts on the possibility to reach significant objective explanations of reality. Ideologies or social theories that supported humankind activities as ways to express the order or progress of society were considered to be vain and without credibility, post-modernist argued. All that was done in time past is rightly in the control of the informed against the non-informed.
Implications of Remix Culture on Post-Modernism
The implication of remix culture on post-modernism is the lost of values and personal identity. In schools, originality is fast giving way to pastiche. Students are reluctant to learn or interact with society in traditional formats, except through digital machines- which they are heavily reliant on. Obvious, there is a dilemma here!
This paper takes a look at the evolutionally nature of society considered to be progressive and which relents on pastiche, parody, or self-conscious appropriations through arts, architecture, and other humankind-related-creativity which are projecting civil, modern, and modernized society into the post modern era. It has also discussed Post-Modernism and how remix culture has affected or influenced it.
UKEssays. (November 2018). Remix Culture and Postmodernism | Essay. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/implications-of-remix-culture-on-post-modernism-art-essay.php?vref=1
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"Remix Culture and Postmodernism | Essay." UKEssays. ukessays.com, November 2018. Web. 17 January 2022. <https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/implications-of-remix-culture-on-post-modernism-art-essay.php?vref=1>.
UKEssays. November 2018. Remix Culture and Postmodernism | Essay. [online]. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/implications-of-remix-culture-on-post-modernism-art-essay.php?vref=1 [Accessed 17 January 2022].
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70x bag pallet of British kiln dried logs for immediate burning on all wood burning appliances.
Our 70-bag pallet of British kiln-dried logs is ideal for immediate burning on all wood-burning appliances. This is the largest amount of kiln-dried logs we offer with home delivery. Please note that this is a large pallet so we will need to have suitable delivery access and a smooth, level surface for unloading. If you do not have either of these then we recommend the bulk bags or the 50-bag pallet. The advantage of the small bags is that not only easy to carry into storage, which must be dry, but they are also convenient for carrying into the house when needed.
We would recommend eight boxes of kindling and two boxes of 50 Flamers natural firelighters for this size bag. To calculate the equivalent price per m3 versus the bulk bags, divide the price by 2.67.
Bag Size: 70 bag pallet.


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"Ezekiel Saw the Wheel" is an African American spiritual arranged by William L. Dawson.

It has been recorded by such artists as Woody Guthrie, Paul Robeson, John Lee Hooker, the Dixie Hummingbirds, the Tillers, the Fisk Jubilee Singers, The Charioteers and Gold City. The song recounts the Old Testament prophet Ezekiel's divine vision, described at the start of the eponymous book.

Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album 101 Gang Songs (1961).

Lyrics
Ezekiel saw the wheels;
Way in the middle of the air.
Ezekiel saw the wheels;
Way in the middle of the air.

Chorus
And the big wheel run by Faith, good Lord;
And the little wheel run by the Grace of God;
In the wheel in the wheel good Lord;
Way in the middle of the air.

Who's that yonder dressed in white?
Way in the middle of the air.
It must be the children of the Israelites:
Way in the middle of the air.

Chorus
And the big wheel run by Faith, good Lord;
And the little wheel run by the Grace of God;
In the wheel in the wheel in the wheel good Lord;
Way in the middle of the air.

Who's that yonder dressed in red?
Way in the middle of the air.
It must be the children that Moses led:
Way in the middle of the air.

Ezekiel saw the wheel;
Way up in the middle of the air.
Now Ezekiel saw the wheel in a wheel;
Way in the middle of the air.

Who's that yonder dressed in black?
Way in the middle of the air.
It must be the children running' back:
Way in the middle of the air.

Chorus
And the big wheel run by Faith, good Lord;
And the little wheel run by the Grace of God;
In the wheel in the wheel in the wheel good Lord;
Way in the middle of the air,
Way in the middle of the air.

See also
 "Dem Bones" is another metrical paraphrase of "Ezekiel".
 For a description of the biblical passage, see Merkabah.
 The Martian Chronicles chapter, "Way in the Middle of the Air", takes its title from this song.
 The opening credits of Project U.F.O. quote the song.
 Christian child's prayer § Spirituals

External links
 Words and midi music

Book of Ezekiel
Pace Jubilee Singers songs
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown
Songs based on the Bible
African-American spiritual songs


Lent Day 30: Thursday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent — The Crowning with Thorns.
Read St. Mark xv. 16, 17.
 And the soldiers led him away into the court of the palace, and they called together the whole band:  And they clothed him with purple, and platting a crown of thorns, they put it upon him.
1. Our Lord was covered with a scarlet cloak and crowned with thorns, as a travesty or caricature of worldly honor. He desired to exhibit it in its true light. The farce played by the soldiers was in truth no farce, but a reality. It was intended to show how empty and contemptible is all earthly glory. It is worth no more than the mock-respect of the ruffians who bowed the knee by way of insult to Jesus. O Lord, by that mockery of honor Thou didst undergo, grant that I may esteem human honor at its true value.
2. Watch the soldiers at their cruel sport. The crown upon the head of Jesus is plaited of briers, whose long thorns pierce His sacred forehead as they press it down upon Him; the drops of blood and mingled tears blind His eyes. One by one they pass before Him and bow the knee, and then — oh, shame! they spit in His sacred face, that face before which angels and archangels fall in prostrate homage. O Lord, in return for those insults Thou didst endure, I will always bow before Thee in the Blessed Sacrament with reverent love and adoration; I will seek to wipe the drops of blood from Thine eyes by denying myself the free indulgence of my senses even in lawful things.
3. What were the sins for which Christ specially atoned in the crowning with thorns? Evil thoughts and imaginations, uncharitable thoughts, proud thoughts, impure thoughts. It was these rather than the thorns which pierced His sacred head, and filled His eyes with tears of sorrow and of blood.
Lent Day 31: Friday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent— Ecce Homo.
This article, Lent Day 30: Thursday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent — The Crowning with Thorns. is a post from The Bellarmine Forum.
← Lent Day 29: Wednesday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent — The Scourging.


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Google to end support for Android devices running Ice Cream Sandwich
By Georgina Torbet	 December 9, 2018
Anyone with an old phone that is still running Android 4.0 may want to look into upgrading their device, as Google has announced that it will be ending support for this older version of Android.
Google announced on its Android Developers Blog that they will be deprecating support for Android 4.0, also known as Ice Cream Sandwich (ICS). The Google Play Store will no longer be updating apps beyond the Android Package Kit (APK) version 14.7.99. This change was announced primarily due to the age of ICS and its limited use now, with Google explaining: "The Android Ice Cream Sandwich (ICS) platform is seven years old and the active device count has been below 1% for some time."
This means that any Android 4.0 device will continue to work, as will the apps currently installed on it, but updates for apps are likely to require at least Android 4.1, also known as Jelly Bean. Developers will either have to maintain two versions of their app, one for Ice Cream Sandwich users and one for Jelly Bean and above users, or they will have to accept that their apps will no longer be supported on ICS. In practice, most developers who haven't already dropped support for older Android devices won't want to deal with two different versions of their Android apps and will likely end support for ICS and below.
Ice Cream Sandwich debuted in 2011 and most Android users have long since upgraded to a later version of the software. The latest version of the software that is generally available is Android 9.0, also known as Pie, which was released in August 2018. Somewhat confusingly, Android codenames do not always refer to new version numbers, so there have been seven code names between ICS and Pie even though there have only been five version numbers between them.
This change may only affect the 0.3 percent of Android users who are running ICS, but with nearly 2 billion Android devices out there this could mean up to 6 million devices will be affected. It's likely that many of these devices are no longer in regular use though, and most are probably gathering dust in a drawer somewhere.
From Android 1.0 to Android 10, here's how Google's OS evolved over a decade
How to take a screenshot on a Samsung Galaxy S20 and other Android phones
Android vs. iOS: Which smartphone platform is the best?
How to record a WhatsApp call on Android or iOS


Welcome to the Jungle is a chapter-based project. It results from a personal reflection on the contemporary art system, on its dynamics and protagonists. The core of the project is occupied by the series of dioramas Welcome to the Jungle, which gives title to the whole project: in it, Urso enacts a playful dialogue with the 20th century masters from the art field. In each box, the masters/superheroes are placed into a hostile environment: the jungle is, indeed, the art system itself; on the horizon, among predators and other animals, there is a museum; it stands out in a forest, far away and difficult to reach. However, the example of these great artists shows that it is possible to get there. The series is a meditation on the contemporary art system by reading the experiences of past artists.


text:
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Chamber (1-2 players)
Chamber (7 or more players)
Orchestra/ensemble with soloist(s)
Wind Ensemble/Brass Band
Opera/Oratorio
Solo Vocal
Recent/Upcoming
Ah, The Old Days
BiographyJeffrey Ryan2021-05-23T11:42:00-07:00
(Go to Press Kit for downloadable biographies of various lengths, and promotional photos)
Jeffrey Ryan was almost an accountant. Three months into his first semester at Wilfrid Laurier University, he begged to transfer into the Music Faculty to become a composer. Which, after growing up training his ear with Petula Clark, The Partridge Family, and Captain and Tennille, playing saxophone and flute in high school bands, singing in two choirs, and writing his own songs for voice class, surprised absolutely no one.
Now, as a freelance composer based in Vancouver, Canada, Ryan finds inspiration in the world around him—nature, science, literature, visual art, even the stock market—and creates music that runs the gamut from orchestral and chamber works to opera, art song, and choral music.
Praised for his "strong personal voice" (Globe and Mail), "masterful command of instrumental colour" (Georgia Straight), and "superb attention to rhythm" (Audio Ideas Guide), and recipient of SOCAN's Jan V. Matejcek New Classical Music Award, Ryan's music engages audiences in concerts and broadcasts around the world. His commissions include works for the Cleveland Orchestra, Vancouver Symphony, Toronto Symphony, Montreal Symphony, Victoria Symphony, Manitoba Chamber Orchestra, Arditti Quartet, Tokyo String Quartet, Tafelmusik Chamber Choir, Canadian Art Song Project, and Kokoro Dance. His song cycle Everything Already Lost won the 2021 NATS Art Song Composition Award, making him the first Canadian to take first prize in this international competition.
Recent collaborations include Seasons of the Sea with Coast Salish/Sahtu Dene storyteller Rosemary Georgeson for Vetta Chamber Music; Afghanistan: Requiem for a Generation with poet Suzanne Steele for the Calgary Philharmonic; and Scar Tissue with poet Michael Redhill for Nordic Voices and Gryphon Trio.
Recordings of Ryan's music have garnered four JUNO nominations and six more from the Western Canadian Music Awards. His discography includes the portrait CDs Fugitive Colours (Vancouver Symphony/Gryphon Trio) and the chamber collections Quantum Mechanics and My Soul Upon My Lips, along with many individual works recorded by musica intima, the Canadian Chamber Choir, clarinetist Cris Inguanti, pianists Rachel Kiyo Iwaasa, Thunder Bay Symphony, Hannaford Street Silver Band, Penderecki String Quartet, and more.
Ryan was the Vancouver Symphony's Composer-in-Residence (2002-2007) and Composer Laureate (2008/09). He was an Affiliate Composer with the Toronto Symphony (2000-2002), and is currently Composer Advisor for Music Toronto. He holds degrees from Wilfrid Laurier University, University of Toronto, and Cleveland Institute of Music, where he studied with the acclaimed composer Donald Erb.
He still enjoys doing his taxes.
Composer Advisor, Music Toronto
Composer Laureate, Vancouver Symphony Orchestra 2008/09
Composer-in-Residence, Vancouver Symphony Orchestra 2002-2007
Affiliate Composer, Toronto Symphony Orchestra 2000-2002
Western Canadian Music Award Nomination, Classical Composer of the Year 2021
First Prize, NATS Art Song Composition Award 2021 (Everything Already Lost)
Jan V. Matecjek New Classical Music Award 2014 (SOCAN)
Finalist, NATS Art Song Composition Award 2019 (Miss Carr in Seven Scenes)
Western Canadian Music Award Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2013 (Burn)
Juno Nomination, Classical Album of the Year: Large Ensemble or Solo with Large Ensemble 2013 (Fugitive Colours, Naxos Records)
Winner, Western Canadian Music Award for Classical Recording of the Year 2012 (Fugitive Colours, Naxos Records)
Western Canadian Music Award Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2012 (Symphony #1: Fugitive Colours)
Juno Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2012 (Equilateral)
International Classical Music Award Nomination 2012, Contemporary Album (Fugitive Colours, Naxos Records)
Western Canadian Music Award Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2011 (Angeline on Ossabaw)
Western Canadian Music Award Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2009 (String Quartet #3 "sonata distorta")
Juno Nomination, Classical Composition of the Year 2008 (Quantum Mechanics)
Juno Nomination, Best Classical Composition 2005 (Pangaea)
Barlow Prize, honourable mention 2001 (Found Frozen)
Sir Ernest Macmillan Award, SOCAN competition for young composers 1991: first prize for orchestral music
William St. Clair Low Award, CAPAC competition for young composers 1990: first prize for chamber music
Rodolphe Mathieu Award, CAPAC competition for young composers 1989: third prize for solo/duet music
Godfrey Ridout Award, CAPAC competition for young composers 1988: first prize for choral music
(photo by Wendy D Photography)
© 2018-2021 Jeffrey Ryan | All Rights Reserved


text:
Latemptat a Ankara  fou un doble atemptat amb bomba que va tenir lloc el 10 d'octubre de 2015 a la capital de Turquia, a Ankara, durant un míting convocat pel Partit Democràtic del Poble, la Unió de Metges Turcs i d'altres forces sindicals i polítiques d'esquerres d'oposició al govern, i al que hi assistien diversos milers de persones, per expressar el seu rebutj a l'augment de violència entre les Forces Armades de Turquia i rebels del Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan, tanmateix com a protesta contra les polítiques autoritàries del partit al Govern, el Partit de la Justícia i el Desenvolupament.

Les primeres hipòtesis suggeriren l'existència de dos atacants suïcides al centre de la manifestació, entre la multitud, quan milers de persones intentaven unir-se a la convocatòria davant la principal estació ferroviària de la ciutat, sota el lema «Per la Pau, el Treball i la Democràcia», dues hores abans del seu començament. Segons el Ministre de Salut de Turquia, la xifra de víctimes fou de 109 morts i més de 400 ferits; principalment manifestants pacífics.

Vegeu també
 Guerra civil siriana
 Atemptat d'Ankara del 17 de febrer del 2016
 Atemptat d'Ankara del 13 de març de 2016

Referències

Ankara
Atemptats a Ankara
Dècada del 2010 a Turquia
Ankara 2015
Atemptats d'Estat Islàmic


text:
Chief Investigator: Crime Abounds in Bulgaria
Domestic | April 26, 2013, Friday // 15:32| views
Boyko Naydenov, the Chief of Bulgaria's National Investigative Services and former interim Chief Prosecutor, photo by BGNES
The Chief of the National Investigative Services and former interim Chief Prosecutor, Boyko Naydenov, says that there are limits for everyone in communicating with politicians regardless of their own post.
Naydenov spoke Friday, after Bulgarian media published a scandalous special surveillance devices recording including a conversation between former Prime Minister, Boyko Borisov, former Agriculture Minister, Miroslav Naydenov, and Sofia City Prosecutor, Nikolay Kokinov.
It is filled with profanities, curses, vulgarities, and insults of prosecutors, politicians, and journalists, including ridicule of some of them over their possible sexual orientation.
The most insults are directed at Chief Prosecutor, Sotir Tsatsarov, with Kokinov blaming Borisov of handpicking him as it turned out he was not acting as expected.
The talk basically revolves around corruption charges pressed against Naydenov and Kokinov being in hot water over breaches he had committed, and ways for both to get out of them.
Boyko Naydenov made the statement after being approached by the media with a request to comment if it was normal for prosecutors and senior politicians to hold such conversations.
He was at the site of the reenactment of the Burgas terror act and explained he had seen only a paragraph or so of the transcript from the recording.
The Investigation Chief stressed he did not want to be the moral judge of anyone, particularly before knowing if the tape is authentic and how exactly it was obtained.
To the rhetorical question that making such recordings without a Court permit is a crime, he replied:
"It is obvious there is much crime in Bulgaria. However, right now, I cannot say if there will be sanctions and consequences for Kokinov. I need to know more. But I am not under the impression he is being kept in the dark, as the transcript reveals, on the contrary, he has been assigned some of the most serious cases."
Naydenov is the only one from the investigation to comment on the most recent developments in "Bulgaria's Watergate Scandal." The Prosecutor's Office is yet to issue an official statement about the leaks.
Former Interior Minister in the GERB Cabinet, Tsvetan Tsvetanov, has been accused of being the mastermind and culprit behind mass illegal spying in Bulgaria. He firmly denies the allegations.
Tags: Chief of the National Investigative Services, interim Chief Prosecutor, Boyko Naydenov, Agriculture Minister, Miroslav Naydenov, prosecution, corruption, GERB, Boyko Borisov, Tsvetan Tsvetanov, wiretapping, special surveillance devices, Rosen Plevneliev, Kalin Georgiev, Chief Secretary of the Interior Ministry, guards, security, Chief Prosecutor, Sotir Tsatsarov, Nikolay Kokinov
Bulgaria: An Expert Cabinet is almost Certain after the Elections
New Triple Coalition? Borissov Open to the Idea of an Expert Cabinet: GERB - BSP after New Elections, DPS Agrees
Bulgaria: The National Security Service removed Kiril Petkov's Security as "There is No Threat"
Council of Europe: The Fight against Corruption at the Highest Levels in Bulgaria is Ineffective
Another Person has been Arrested in relation to the Corruption scandal in the European Parliament
Protest in Sofia under the slogan "To Protect Bulgaria's Energy Security"


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Every sensible business owner today should have a social media marketing strategy. The real secret to success is in being able to earn money from your social media following.
At the end of the day, you're in business to make money, not just constantly post free content.
Research has found that Pinterest users are 80% women and that at least half of them buy products they see on the site. Starting a business account on Pinterest instead of a personal account offers a number of benefits. Pinterest provides analytics to the business owner, buy buttons on pins, and other helpful business tools.