In the spring of 1980 when I learned the improbable news that I had been accepted into a doctoral program, two people I much admired weighed in with their reactions. My adviser, for whom I had written a master's thesis on biblical inerrancy, warned me darkly that the people at Princeton would "come after me" on the inerrancy question. I hoped that my father, an evangelical minister, might betray even a hint of pride that his eldest son had been admitted to study at an elite university. Instead, he became very quiet before expressing his fear that my intellectual pursuits would jettison my piety.
I offer that anecdote (at the considerable risk of being overly self-referential) because it illustrates the tensions at play in Molly Worthen's remarkable and textured study Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism. And I compound my transgression by recalling the title of a tract in the narthex of my father's church back in the 1960s: "Missing Heaven by Eighteen Inches," the distance between one's head and one's heart.
Some Wesleyans, Mennonites, Pentecostals, and fellow travelers sought to resist being sucked into the Reformed-inerrantist vortex. Mildred Bangs Wynkoop, a member of the Nazarenes, protested the "ground swell of ultra-rightism," which she attributed to "Calvinistic evangelicalism." The charismatic renewal and the move of some evangelicals toward more liturgical traditions further splintered a movement already known for its fissiparous tendencies.
But the neoevangelicals possessed institutional advantages. Most evangelicals by the 1970s were becoming enamored of education: the neoevangelicals tended to brandish better educational pedigrees, and most evangelicals had abandoned their reflexive disdain for the social sciences, especially when those methods could be harnessed in service to missions and church growth.
This interpretation might sound a tad simplistic, but it is not implausible. Worthen asserts that evangelicals' political conservatism is a reaction to the charismatic renewal's "exaltation of a personal, ecstatic encounter with God," which in turn "challenged the obsessive rationalism undergirding the doctrine of inerrancy." The reassertion of a cramped literalism may explain the religious right's opposition to women's rights and gay rights (19th-century evangelicals found ways to maneuver around the former issue), but it hardly accounts for other elements in its agenda, such as militarism or the celebration of capitalism.
Worthen suggests that many evangelicals found the authority they were seeking in a phalanx of evangelical experts. None was more important or prominent than Francis Schaeffer, a pseudo-intellectual whom Worthen devastatingly characterizes as "a brilliant demagogue who offered up all of Western history in an hour's lecture, stripped of confusing nuance." Schaeffer's brilliance lay in his media savvy and in his forging of history into a sword for the culture wars. "He deployed the trappings of academic investigation—litanies of historical names and dates; an accommodating version of Enlightenment reasoning—to quash inquiry rather than encourage it, to mobilize his audiences rather than provoke them to ask questions." Schaeffer represented the culmination of the neoevangelical crusade to construct an intellectual movement around inerrancy and a "Christian" worldview; ironically, that culmination degenerated into anti-intellectualism.
Others, most of whom also hailed from the Reformed tradition, followed Schaeffer's lead: Tim LaHaye, Rousas John Rushdoony, and a legion of young-earth creationists, all of whom trumpeted their fidelity to inerrancy. The conservative takeover of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1979 signaled not only a retreat from progressive evangelicalism but also an improbable redefinition as part of the Reformed tradition. Similarly, my own Evangelical Free Church had recast itself in the 1960s and 1970s from a holiness-pietist denomination that ordained women to an ostensibly Reformed denomination that forbade women's ordination.
Unlike Schaeffer's treatment of history, Worthen's intellectual history of evangelicalism over the last seven or so decades is nuanced, and her arguments are compelling. It is a measure of the quality and the provocative nature of the book that I wish the author had pushed even further. She establishes, for instance, the correlation between Calvinism and cultural and political conservatism, but not causation. Is there something inherent in Reformed thinking that breeds conservatism, at least in the American context? The lineage is extensive: Charles Hodge and the Princetonians, J. Gresham Machen, Carl McIntire, Schaeffer, and countless others, including D. G. Hart, Machen's biographer. What drives them—ineluctably, it seems—toward the hard right?
In part, Apostles of Reason is a call to recognize the internal diversity of evangelicalism, to look beyond the media dominance of the neoevangelical fixation with biblical inerrancy and a "Christian worldview" to find remnants of "the Anabaptist tradition of peace witness or Wesleyan ideas about Christ's call for social justice." The fact that the hyperrationalism of neoevangelicals devolved into popular anti-intellectualism is a paradox indeed, but it is no greater paradox than the invocation of Jesus to justify a right-wing agenda.
Perhaps a better word for the latter is tragedy, not paradox. Neoevangelicals preoccupied with the mind might have done well to consult another organ 18 inches distant.
Billy Graham's 95th birthday party last week was a heartwarming event—and a media spectacle. Most accounts of the celebration emphasized the star-studded guest list. Even in his golden years, Graham has not lost his golden touch: an aura of wholesome Christian patriotism that appeals to entertainers looking to transcend showbiz as well as to culture warriors on the make. The reporters who covered the party provided a window into Graham's lasting power as a cultural icon, but they largely missed his significance to American Christianity.
Francis Schaeffer has changed thousands of lives, including mine. This other, earlier "Pope Francis" might not bear the same weight he once did. However, a Christianity Today readers' poll once placed him above John Calvin in influence. Following World War II, Schaeffer had left behind separatist fundamentalism to help Billy Graham and the Jesus Movement usher in a golden age of evangelical conservative prestige.


Washington is a diverse state and encompasses several climatic zones including rain forest, desert, high desert, and high alpine. Summer is the most popular time for visitors due to sunny weather and school breaks. The winter, especially the months of December and January, receive heavy precipitation, but is also the least busy and most inexpensive time to visit. The spring and fall offer a good alternative to the other two seasons with fairly dry weather, discounted prices, and fewer crowds.
Washington's coast experiences consistent rain from October through early July, alternating with intermittent sunshine several times a day. November through April receives the most precipitation. Snow may fall in December and January, but melts away quickly. Summers are warm and dry, with a chance of light showers, but most days remain cloudless and bright. Eastern Washington receives heavier snowfall in the winters and warmer temperatures in the summer.
Holidays such as Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Labor Day attract large crowds, as do major events and festivals.
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Book at least one month in advance for summer travel. Allow more time if visiting during a festival, holiday, or major event. For all other times, a week to 10 days should be sufficient.


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We are keen to include as many Shrewsbury Town footballers as possible. If you know what has happened to any former players not listed here, please do let us know - thanks.
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Oil & Lubes »
Nature Climate Change
Growth in global carbon emissions slowed in 2019
The report, launched at a U.N. climate summit in Madrid, showed that growing appetite for oil and gas meant the world was still far from achieving the drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions needed to avert catastrophic global warmingReuters | December 04, 2019, 08:14 IST
MADRID: A surprise drop in coal use in the United States and Europe has helped to slow the growth of global carbon dioxide emissions this year, with softening demand in China and India also contributing, according to a study published on Wednesday.
The report, launched at a U.N. climate summit in Madrid, showed that growing appetite for oil and gas meant the world was still far from achieving the drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions needed to avert catastrophic global warming.
Nevertheless, coal use fell sharply in the United States and Europe, helping slow the projected growth in carbon dioxide emissions to 0.6% in 2019 compared with 2.1% the previous year.
Slower growth in demand in China, which burns half the world's coal, and India, combined with overall weaker economic growth, also helped slow the upward march of emissions, said the report, known as the Global Carbon Budget 2019.
"The weak growth in carbon dioxide emissions in 2019 is due to an unexpected decline in global coal use, but this drop is insufficient to overcome the robust growth in natural gas and oil consumption," said Glen Peters, research director at Oslo-based climate research centre CICERO.
Peters added that global C02 emissions from fossil fuels were likely to be more than 4% higher in 2019 than in 2015, the year when the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change was adopted.
Published by the Global Carbon Project research group in several academic journals, including Nature Climate Change, the report represents the first full-year estimate of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions in 2019.
The authors said that recent growth in renewable energy and electric vehicles had served -- at best -- to merely slow the growth in fossil fuel emissions, which must fall rapidly if the world is to meet temperature goals in the Paris accord.
The study also estimated that emissions from forest fires and other land-use changes rose in 2019 to 6 billion tonnes of CO2, about 0.8 billion tonnes more than the previous year, driven partly by fires in the Amazon and Indonesia.
Joeri Rogelj, a lecturer in climate change at the Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, downplayed the long-term significance of annual fluctuations in emissions growth.
"The small slowdown this year is really nothing to be overly enthusiastic about," Rogelj said. "If no structural change underlies this slowdown than science tells us that emissions will simply gradually continue to increase on average."
Tags : Oil & Lubes, renewable energy, Nature Climate Change, greenhouse gas, global warming, fossil fuel
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wall falls after flash of flames in Unadilla
Lisa Roose-Church, Michigan.com
The Unadilla Township firefighter injured in a blaze that destroyed a beloved township general store said he initially thought fire crews could save the store.
The firefighter, who said he feels bruised but is doing well, said when he and his partner approached the Unadilla Store at 13329 Unadilla Road, near Williamsville Road and about 6 miles west-southwest of Pinckney, it appeared to be a "normal" scene. He did not notice any visible signs of a backdraft — smoke moving in or out of doorways — and saw no flames.
"I thought we could put this out and save the building," said the 20-year fire veteran, who asked not to be identified. "I saw no flames, so I opened the door to let it breathe so we could see flames to know where we needed to go."
Two seconds later, a quick flash of fire occurred and the door slammed shut. A heartbeat later, the pressure "blew the door and front of the building" off, causing a brick wall to fall.
One firefighter was able to move out of the way while the 20-year veteran firefighter could not. He said he felt OK at first, but then his fingertips began to go numb and he was transported to the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor for treatment.
"I've never seen anything like this," the firefighter said.
Mike Harbert, who manages the store co-owned by his parents and was inside when the fire began, noted: "When we first saw the flames, that's when it consumed the building."
On Wednesday, Unadilla Township Police Department Investigator Ryan Hamlin, who is also a fire investigator, along with other investigators from Hamburg, Putnam and Green Oak townships gathered at the Unadilla Store site to begin their exploration into the cause of the 12:55 p.m. Tuesday blaze that sent balls of fire screaming out of broken windows and a black plume of smoke into the sky.
In all, more than a dozen fire departments responded to the blaze. Firefighters used about 100,000 gallons of water to fight the blaze, which took more than two hours to get under control.
Chief Mark Schroeder of the Unadilla Township Fire Department said Wednesday that the site was "unstable," which did not allow for fire inspectors to sift through much of the rubble nor did it allow a work crew from Consumers Energy to begin digging around the natural gas pipeline that runs between the Unadilla Store and the house next door.
The utility company hopes to learn if the natural gas line played a part in the fire.
Preliminary efforts lead investigators to believe the fire started on the upper floor of the Unadilla Store, but it's not certain, Schroeder said. The fire spread to the house next door and it was deemed a loss by fire officials as well.
"We're still doing fact-finding," the chief said. "We may have more answers on Friday. It will be difficult to determine. I'm hoping we can, but it may not be probable."
The American Red Cross was assisting residents in an apartment above the store as well as a woman who lived in the house next door.
The loss of the historic building has been devastating for the community.
Harbert said the store has been the "center of town" for more than 100 years.
"It was full of memories, artifacts, antiques," he said. "It's a tremendous loss; one that can never be replaced."
The Unadilla Store was the sole remaining commercial building at the corner of Unadilla and Williamsville roads, an area that once was home to tea and corset factories, a mill and what today would be called a bed-and-breakfast.
An early Unadilla Township settler, John Drake, built the store in 1846 and he and a man named Dribble kept "small stock" at the store, according to the "History of Livingston County" published in 1880. That resource says the building was the "first frame building erected in the village."
John Dunning began operating a mercantile business in the store when he came to the area from Byron, New York, in December 1846, "History of Livingston County" noted.
According to information found in the Howell Area Archives at the Howell Carnegie District Library, other Unadilla Store owners included O.H. Obert, W.S. Livermore and Albert Watson, who bought it after the "Dunning store was removed." Other owners were Mart Kuhn, a man named Bowersox and William MacRobbie.
Harold and Lillian Bates operated the store in the 1960s and had it faced with brick in 1973. They sold the store in 1977 to Al and Betty Lyttle, who coined its motto: "A Lyttle of everything." The Lyttle couple sold the store to Jim Harbert and Dan Pietras, who kept the motto's sentiment but went with the current spelling of "little."
Each owner and residents throughout the years put their mark on the Unadilla Store, which has operated continuously as a general store since 1876. The museum-like store housed artifacts left behind by those who have passed through its doors, including old newspaper clippings, bottles, and other antiques.
Among the popular artifacts was a full-size deer enclosed in a glass case and more than 150 antlers also were on display in the store, which survived the 1914 tornado that destroyed other structures in the area.
Members of the Harbert family, who has owned it for about two decades, said they are discussing whether to rebuild.
Contact Livingston Daily reporter Lisa Roose-Church at 517-552-2846 or lrchurch@livingstondaily.com. Follow her on Twitter @LisaRooseChurch.


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Dog at nursing home mauls resident to death
A 62-year-old resident at a nursing home in Anseong, Gyeonggi, died on Wednesday after one of the facility owner's dogs escaped from his cage and bit her.
The dog's owner, who euthanized the dog shortly after the victim's death, was booked on charges of involuntary manslaughter and violation of the Animal Protection Act, according to Anseong police.
According to officers from the Anseong Police Precinct, the victim was strolling around the nursing home at around 7:55 a.m. Wednesday when the dog "severely bit" her in the buttocks, chest and calves. The owner had left the dog's cage open. The deputy head of the nursing home, a 44-year-old man, ran towards the dog after witnessing the scene, and he was bitten on the legs.
A passerby called 112 and both victims were transferred to a nearby hospital, but the 62-year-old woman died at around 1:16 p.m. the same day. The deputy head is still in the hospital receiving medical treatment. His injuries aren't life-threatening, according to authorities. The nursing home owner, a 58-year-old man, testified to police that he raised two dogs in a cage on the facility's lawn. One escaped the cage Wednesday morning after he left it open to clean up inside. Police said the dog that bit the resident was three years old and 1.4 meters (4.6 feet) long. Officers mentioned they could apply for a detention warrant for the dog's owner.
Dog bites have become a major social issue in Korea recently. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a new set of dog safety measures last year requiring dog owners to use a leash on all dogs and a muzzle for dogs 40 centimeters (1.3 feet) or taller in public places.


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The Weird Thing Your Camera Does To Your Memory
by Nina Elias Published: Dec 13, 2013
For a holiday season you'll truly remember, leave the camera in the drawer. A new study in Psychological Science says snapping a photo results in a less-detailed memory of that moment worth capturing.
Sounds pretty counter-intuitive, right? It's all thanks to the "photo-taking impairment effect", which researchers from Fairfield University found as the reason why participants in one study remembered fewer objects and details of the items they photographed. They were also less accurate at recognizing something they snapped just the day before.
Whipping out your smartphone to take a photo is almost as mindless as it gets. But what happens to that picture after you take it? We're betting it joins the hundreds of others eating up storage space—which researchers say means you actually rely on technology to remember the moment for you. "It's as if they click the button to take the photo and mentally think 'Done, next thing,'" says study author Linda Henkel, PhD, professor of psychology at Fairfield University. "They don't engage in the processing that would lead to long term memory."
But there's a twist: in a second study, participants who zoomed in on a detail were able to recall more—not just the detail, but the entire object. "This shows how the camera and the mind's eye are not the same," says Dr. Henkel. "The camera is a mechanical device, where the human brain is much more complex, and they code experiences differently."
It's still fine to capture your niece's face on Christmas morning. But photos are not a substitute for reality, says Dr. Henkel. If you really want to remember that moment, don't let those photos sit on your phone unnoticed. "Look at the photos days, weeks, even months later," she suggests. "Take the photo more mindfully so that it doesn't serve as a trigger for you to dismiss it."
Nina Elias
Nina Elias is a Syracuse University graduate (Go Orange!) with a love for natural beauty, Broadway, brain health, and the eternal search for the perfect bedroom paint color. She resides in beautiful Bethlehem, PA.
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Peeling, flaking paint in the smallest of areas can detract from your home's curb appeal. Painting or touching up problem areas on your trim work, decks, doors and clapboards can not only improve appearance, but better protects them.
While you have the paint brush out, check exterior door frames and bulkheads, making sure these areas are properly painted, stained, or treated. This will help keep the moisture out and prevent some swelling and heaving that we experience in the winter months.


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Jerry Tarkanian, former UNLV coach,…
SportsCollege Sports
Jerry Tarkanian, former UNLV coach, hospitalized in Las Vegas
In this photo from March, Jerry Tarkanian is escorted by his son, Danny, during halftime ceremonies honoring the former basketball coach at Fresno State. The Hall of Fame basketball coach, who guided programs at Long Beach State and UNLV, is hospitalized and being treated for pneumonia in Las Vegas, his son says. (Gary Kazanjian/The Associated Press)
November 20, 2014 at 12:31 p.m.
LAS VEGAS — Naismith Hall of Fame basketball coach Jerry Tarkanian is hospitalized in Las Vegas, where his son says he's being treated for pneumonia.
Danny Tarkanian said Thursday that the 84-year-old former Long Beach State coach was stabilized and undergoing medical tests after being taken by ambulance Wednesday to Valley Hospital Medical Center.
Danny Tarkanian says his father has a heart condition and is susceptible to chest and lung illness.
The coach dubbed "Tark the Shark" was hospitalized for 10 days in April after a heart attack, his second. He had just returned home from a trip to the NCAA Final Four in North Texas.
Tarkanian led three schools to the NCAA tournament, including the 1990 UNLV team that won a national title.


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El Código IMDG o Código Marítimo Internacional de Mercancías Peligrosas es una publicación de la Organización Marítima Internacional,  (OMI; en inglés, IMO) que recopila todas las disposiciones vigentes que regulan el transporte de mercancías peligrosas por vía marítima. El acrónimo IMDG proviene de las iniciales en inglés del código: International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.

El Código IMDG surge para proteger a las tripulaciones y para prevenir la contaminación del medio marino mediante un transporte seguro de los materiales considerados peligrosos. Establece, entre otras, las diferentes clases en que se agrupan las mercancías peligrosas, su modo de embalaje, etiquetado, arrumazón y estiba en los buques (segregación) además de proporcionar, en el suplemento, una guía para el tratamiento de emergencias y accidentes.

Si bien la información que figura en el código está dirigida, fundamentalmente, a la gente de mar, sus disposiciones pueden afectar a una amplia gama de sectores y servicios: fabricantes, embaladores, expedidores, servicios de enlace por carretera o ferrocarril, y las autoridades portuarias encontrarán información fidedigna sobre terminología, embalaje y envasado, etiquetado, clasificación, estiba, segregación y medidas de lucha para casos de emergencias.

Es de consulta obligada tanto para exportadores como para transportistas, transitarios, NVOCC, navieros... Se actualiza cada dos años y tiene vigencia para el bienio siguiente. La versión actual es la 38/2016; aunque, desde el 1 de enero de 2019, se puede utilizar de forma voluntaria la versión de 2018.

Mercancías que regula

El código IMDG agrupa las mercancías peligrosas en:
 explosivos,
 gases,
 líquidos inflamables,
 sólidos y otras sustancias inflamables,
 sustancias oxidantes y peróxidos orgánicos,
 sustancias tóxicas e infecciosas,
 materiales radiactivos,
 sustancias corrosivas y
 sustancias peligrosas varias.
Estas mercancías peligrosas sólo pueden embarcarse acompañadas de una «Declaración de mercancías peligrosas», documento que contiene los datos de la mercancía (nombre técnico, número ONU, punto de inflamación...), su naturaleza, clase, embalaje y grado de peligrosidad.

Publicación y versiones
El Código IMDG se publicó en 1965 en el seno de la OMI; su redacción y contenido están conformes con el capítulo VII, Parte A, «Transporte de mercancías peligrosas en bultos o en forma sólida o granel» del Convenio SOLAS, que regula la clasificación, embalaje, marcado, etiquetado y rotulación de las mercancías peligrosas. Mediante las «tablas de segregación de productos», regula los factores de incompatibilidad entre las distintas mercancías transportadas en un mismo medio.

En esta versión se establecen de obligado cumplimiento todos los capítulos y secciones, salvo las siguientes, que se tratan como recomendaciones:

1. párrafos 1.3.1.4 to 1.3.1.7 (Formación);
2. capítulo 1.4 (Disposiciones de seguridad) excepto 1.4.1.1, que es obligatoria;
3. sección 2.1.0 del capítulo 2.1 (clase 1 - explosivos, Notas de introducción);
4. sección 2.3.3 del capítulo 2.3 (Determinación del punto de inflamación);
5. columnas (15) y (17) de la lista de Mercancías Peligrosas del capítulo 3.2;
6. sección 5.4.5 del capítulo 5.4 (Formulario para el transporte multimodal);
7. capítulo 7.3 (Sólo las disposiciones especiales en caso de incidente y precauciones en caso de incendio en el que se vean involucradas mercancías peligrosas);
8. sección 7.9.3 (Información de contacto); y
9. apéndice B.

El Código IMDG, Edición de 2014 (37/2014) entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 2016 durante dos años. El suplemento de dicha edición siguió siendo válido hasta la siguiente edición. El Código IMDG, Edición de 2016 (38/2016) entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 2018, durante dos años; podía aplicarse con carácter voluntario a partir del 1 de enero de 2017. La tabla muestra un resumen del cumplimiento obligatorio por años, de las distintas versiones del código IMDG

Ficha de datos de seguridad
Las «Hojas de datos de seguridad» de cada material potencialmente peligroso especifican: la composición química, instrucciones sobre el embalaje y distintos códigos asignados a cada producto (Número ONU, Código IMO, Código IMDG y Código EmS).

Relación con otros acuerdos internacionales
Las disposiciones de este código cumplen con lo dispuesto por los convenios SOLAS y MARPOL, amplía las prescripciones de ambos convenios y ha pasado a ser la guía estándar de todos los aspectos relacionados con la manipulación de mercancías peligrosas y contaminación del mar en el transporte marítimo. Como tal, se recomienda a los gobiernos su adopción o su utilización como base de las reglas nacionales cuando hagan efectivas las prescripciones del SOLAS 1974 y el Marpol 73/78.

Otros acuerdos internacionales alcanzados por la OMI en el ámbito del transporte marítimo de mercancías peligrosas son: el «Código IBC» (International Bulk Chemical Code), para la construcción y el equipamiento de la construcción de buques que vayan a transportar productos químicos peligrosos a granel, y el «Código IGC» (International Gas Carrier Code), para la construcción y el equipo de buques que vayan a transportar gases licuados a granel.

Véase también
 Acuerdo ADR
 ADN (transporte por vía navegable)
 Sistema globalmente armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

 Organización Marítima Internacional (Código IMDG)
 Normativa sobre Seguridad Marítima y Contaminación
 Blog en español sobre el código IMDG
 ADR 2021, Ministerio de fomento 2 volúmenes
 RID 2009, Ministerio de fomento 924 pags
 IMDG 2020, Organización Marítima Internacional 2 volúmenes

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Over the years working with clients we have found people have become frustrated by many aspects of of their Retirement Planning.
This leads to many being worried about the future and whether they will have enough income to support themslves in their retirement.
You may have a number of old Personal Pension Plans, Employers Retirements schemes and currents plans. Have you reviewed these plans lately?
They may be performing well but we have a simple process to find out your current situation, where you want to go and how to get there.
Try answering some of the questions?
Do you understand how your current Pension funds are invested?
What are they currently worth?
Are my investments managed in line with my attitude to risk?
What level of risk am I currently taking?
Have I had my attitude to risk properly assessed?
How competitive are the charges on my current pension plans?
How well are my pension funds performing?
Do I have an investment plan?
Do I know how much income I need in retirement or how much to expect from my current plans?
Are my Retirement Plans regularly reviewed?
Would I like to know more about my pension schemes?
We are happy to provide you with a FREE report reviewing your current pension arrangements (this does not include Final Salary schemes). Just contact us and we can arrange to collect the information we need.
How your pension funds are currently invested.
What is your current level of risk.
What your current pension funds are worth.
What level of income you may receive in retirement.
We do not charge for our initial report and our advice within the report is provided with no obligation and you do not have to act on it.
Is your pension working for you?