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January 2018, 14(1): 1-17. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017034
The optimal cash holding models for stochastic cash management of continuous time
Zhengyan Wang 1,2, , Guanghua Xu 1, , Peibiao Zhao 3, and Zudi Lu 4,
Dept. of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
School of Economics and Management, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224056, China
Dept. of Applied Mathematics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute and School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
Received March 2015 Revised August 2016 Published April 2017
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In business, enterprises need to maintain stable cash flows to meet the demands for payments in order to reduce the probability of possible bankruptcy. In this paper, we propose the optimal cash holding models in terms of continuous time and managers' risk preference in the framework of stochastic control theory in the setting of cash balance accounting with the interval of a safe area for cash holdings. Formulas for the optimal cash holdings are analytically derived with a widely used family of power utility functions. Our models can be seen as an extension of Miller-Orr model to solve the cash holding problem of continuous time from the accounting perspective. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the feasibility of the developed optimal cashing holding models of continuous time.
Keywords: Cash management of continuous time, cash balance, interval of safe area, optimal cash holdings, the HJB equation.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 91B25; Secondary: 91G10.
Citation: Zhengyan Wang, Guanghua Xu, Peibiao Zhao, Zudi Lu. The optimal cash holding models for stochastic cash management of continuous time. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2018, 14 (1) : 1-17. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017034
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Figure 1. optimal cash holding model in case 1
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Figure 3. optimal allocation to cash for different p values
Table 1. The daily average yield and variance
stock number daily average yield variance
A 0.000399 0.000437
B 0.000433 0.000687
C 0.000443 0.0019
D 0.000463 0.00055
Table 2. The optimal cash holdings in case 1: $X_t>H$
stock number invest ratio $ \lambda_{t}^{*} $ in (17) $(1-\lambda_{t}^{*})X_{t} $ optimal cash holdings
A 0.756891 1944.871 1944.871
B 0.542302 3661.586 3661.586
C 0.04379 7649.684 7000
D 0.815414 1476.685 1476.685
Table 3. The optimal cash holdings in case 2: $X_t<L$
stock number conversion ratio $ \mu_{t}^{*} $ in (23) $ \mu_{t}^{*}R_{t}+X_{t} $ optimal cash holdings
A 0.124443 1944.8711 1944.8711
B 0.383288 4326.2458 4326.2458
C 0.770653 7890.0104 7000
D 0.163794 2306.9047 2306.9047
Table 4. The optimal cash holdings with different p values
p invest ratio $ \lambda_{t}^{*} $ in (17) $(1- \lambda_{t}^{*})X_{t} $ optimal cash holdings
0.1 0.04379 7649.684 7000
0.8 0.93687 505.047 1000
0.9 2.12374 -8989.91 1000
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HOMENews【A-PAD Philippines】 A-PAD Deploys Two Additional Staff
【A-PAD Philippines】 A-PAD Deploys Two Additional Staff
After making landfall on December 16, Typhoon Rai has caused deadly damages in the Philippines. Local authorities reported that the worst natural disaster of 2021 has left at least 375 dead, 500 wounded, and 380,000 people displaced.
A-PAD Philippines began mobilizing the regional platform partners in Eastern Visayas, Central Visaya, and Mindanao immediately following the disaster, however, the full extent of the damage has not yet been determined due to radio wave interference. On December 22, A-PAD Philippines deployed two additional staff members from Manila to Ormoc in Eastern Visayas to set up a disaster response coordination desk. Based in Ormoc, A-PAD Philippines plans to receive donations (cash, in-kind) and coordinate distributions.
A-PAD Philippines is also working with the Davao Chamber of Commerce and preparing for provision of emergency tents, drinking water filters, and solar panels in southern Mindanao. Hygiene kits, generators, tarps, and food items will also be distributed and the residents are expected to be displaced for some time.
A-PAD Philippines is accepting donations:
https://www.facebook.com/AsiaPacificAlliance/posts/3059531810954492
A-PAD Philippines' regional platforms are also working with local partners to raise funds and in-kind donations from local businesses:
https://www.facebook.com/davaochamber/posts/4898043486886845

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rock | Psych | 7'ties Prog
Fr 1. Dezember 2017
Sid Vision
Support: AFAR
Eintritt: 8 €
Genre: Rock | Psych | 7'ties Prog
Sid Vision is a berlin rock band founded by two brothers, Paul (drums) & Sidney Klein (vocals, guitar), who shared the teenager-aha-moment of listening to Frampton's "Do you feel like we do?" guitar solo on vinyl for the first time in their life, in grandpa's smoky cellar. Life as they knew it was changed from then on. The brother's sound arises from a deep love for the mellotron, Bonham-size bass drums, and the mysterious "An American Prayer" by the Doors, which is a spiritual cleansing for them. Since mid-2015 the band has been playing in a four piece line up including Sonic Sebastian on bass guitar & synth and Erik Petzold on keys.
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Consisting of a collaboration between two musicians, AFAR seeks to bridge the distance between the natural and the industrial, exploring the paradox between organic and electronic. In some spaces, AFAR might build dance-oriented rhythms layered with haunting vocals. Whereas in others, the band creates moments of ambience composed of multi-instrumental soundscapes.


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Jillian Jansen Evil Angel
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The national dish of Slovakia is bryndza potato dumplings, bryndzové halušky. But it's not just the bryndza cheese that gives them their delicious flavor. The taste comes from pork cracklings (oškvarky in Slovak, škvarky in Czech, but I grew up calling them the latter) and the rendered lard (masť) that is mixed in before serving.
The big issue that comes up when making pork cracklings in the USA is that it is difficult to find unsliced cured bacon (slanina). In Slovakia, cracklings are typically made during the annual pig slaughter, when the whole family gets together to dress a pig, and turn it into sausages, head cheese, and bacon. I tried looking for a fatty pork belly in a Chinese grocery store but with no luck. I found the belly, but it was too lean. Hence I got really excited few weeks ago when I found, completely accidentally, that my local Giant supermarket carries slices of cured pork back rind. I could finally make the right kind of bacon bits to top my halušky!
I started by washing off the salt used to cure these rind (skin) slices.
I next cut the skin off and sliced the fat into cubes about inch on each side. Alternatively, make them brick-shaped. Be careful when slicing the skin off so you don't cut yourself. Greasy bacon and a sharp knife is a bad combination.
Place them in a pot along with a quarter cup of water. The water is put in so the bottom pieces don't burn before enough fat is rendered. Back in September, the Czech American TV ran a program about making these cracklings. In that recipe, they suggested to add milk (mlieko). So I figured I'll give that a shot and poured in about quarter cup of milk. Stir well and add salt if needed.
Turned the heat off and immediately remove the cracklings. As mentioned in this Slovak cracklings-making video, they'll turn into charcoals if you don't take them out right away. Save the fat – this is the most delicious part! Since there may be little burned pieces floating in it, you may want to filter it first. I found that a coffee filter works well. Just place it in a strainer, and place that over a pot. It will take half an hour for the lard to make it's way through.
Then place your škvarky in a container and pour the lard in. Place in a fridge to let the fat solidify. When making halušky or pierogi, just scoop out few tablespoons and heat up in a frying pan. The rendered lard (masť) without the bacon bits also makes for a delicious substitute for butter.
I got curious to find out why the Czech TV recipe called for milk – I have not heard of this before (I am not alone, a similar discussion in Slovak on this forum). So I made another batch without the milk. The result were cracklings much lighter in color. It appears that addition of little bit of milk gives the cracklings their deliciously brown color. You can also see here how the fat solidifies. This photo shows one of the batches of halušky made for the Czech and Slovak Christmas Bazaar in Bethesda, MD this past weekend.
How do you make pork cracklings (skvarky)? Do you leave the skin on?
Taky davam obcas mleko ,ale je to pouze pokud nemam pivo ,myslim ,ze s pivem /lager/ je to lepsi !!
To: Lubo …ja osobne to delam pul na pul ..usetrim si pracu a navic mam "kozaky " moc rad.
BTW mleko nepo pivo ,az na konec !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Pivo – hmmm, I like!
Ahhh, this has brought back lots of memories. 🙂 My folks make them just like you do and they add a bit of milk as well. Generally we don't pour lard over them but keep them separate-perfect to grab a handful for a filling snack. 😀 . Excellent enjoyed with a hunk of bread and some salad.
I remember as a child when my mom used to buy huge amount of that fat meat at butcher's. then cut in pieces, not as small as yours, bigger and then slowly cooked in the huge pot. She added the milk, too. After it was cooked, she squeezed more fat out of oskvarky to get more lard out(she had special kitchen utensil for it, she also squeezed potatoes for lokse with it). Lard was used for cooking and oskvarky were used for making spread(ground in meat grinder with onions, adding ground pepper) or for oskvarkove pagace.Those were so delicious with cup of hot tea.
Hey FoodBuzz friend! I love your blog! Keep up the good work. Visit mine sometime.
And in Slovakia these savoury cakes are called Skvarkove pagace or Pagatche (possibly the closest English transcription of the word), which would loosely translate as Pork Cracklings cakes.
Can you use the part of salt pork instead?
I am so glad to have found your page. This was an anticipated snack whenever we had pork chops for dinner. My mom would pick out chops that had enough fat along the edges then she'd trim it off and cut it into 1/4 to 1/2″ cubes, season with garlic powder and pepper and render it down slowly. She never put water or milk in them, just started them low until there was enough grease to turn them up.
She sprinkler salt on them after she had them draining in the bowl w paper towel.
When we had a pork roast (back in the day when they still left a layer of fat on top!) my brother and I would fight to make sure neither of us got more than the other! When I took Slovak classes at Pitt I remember being so happy to find out "shkvarkey" was a real word, not just something my mother made up!!


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News & Politics / Welcome to your Post-Capitalist future
Welcome to your Post-Capitalist future
Are you ready for the change?
Posted Tuesday 15th December 2015 /
Text By Alex King
We're living through a revolution, swapping skills instead of cash. Huck hangs out with writer Paul Mason and gets a tour of this brave new world.
Tear gas burns the eyes, nose and skin. Without access to first aid, there's not much you can do but run for cover and try to wash it out with water – or cry it out. The air was thick with the acrid gas as the global financial crisis hit Greece in 2008, which set in motion a debt crisis the country is yet to recover from. In December, young Greeks faced off with riot police in Athens' Syntagma Square and anger towards failed economic policies came to life in billowing plumes of yellowy smoke.
While tear gas may cause temporary sensory deprivation, it can also lead to moments of clarity. Or, so it was for writer Paul Mason. As Mason watched events unfold on the streets of Greece, he cast his mind back to September that year: wandering around with a TV news crew outside the headquarters of the collapsed investment bank Lehman Brothers, as newly redundant employees put their possessions in cardboard boxes and went home for the last time. He thought too about how he'd seen the internet reshaping society since his time as a tech journalist.
Mason began to connect the dots: this crisis isn't going away. This train of thought led him to his provocative book Postcapitalism: A Guide to our Future. Mason offers a terminal diagnosis of the current order and a glimpse of what a new world might look like – and its seeds are already visible all around us.
Through the clouds of tear gas in Greece, Mason saw young people challenging authority by using the technologies, networks and philosophies that he believes will form the building blocks of what comes next. "By creating millions of networked people, financially exploited but with the whole of human intelligence one thumb-swipe away, info-capitalism has created a new agent of change in history: the educated and connected human being," he writes.
You Are The Future
But, who will drive the movement for a brighter, post-capitalist world? It will be a young, tech-savvy and networked grassroots who will leverage their new tools to overturn the power of entrenched elites and rewrite the rules of the game. It's the connected beings – savvy humans like you – who will use parallel currencies, time banks, cooperatives and self-managed online spaces to build a better future. "The people who make this work are your generation," Mason tells Huck. "Your generation have the tools and nativity to digital communication. They'll do this all much better. In many ways, my generation will be seen as a transitional set of people. Of whom some got it, like me. And probably a majority didn't get it."
As Channel 4 News economics editor, Mason has been reporting from the frontlines of the financial crisis. He's seen young people leading the charge to dismantle the decaying, established order. But Greece is where Mason saw the future come into focus. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, people predicted depression and uprisings. "But there were none, except in this one place: Greece," Mason explains. "The riots of 2008 were worse than any of the other riots we've seen since. We had this youth uprising of the precariat [economically insecure (usually) young people] – and academic studies have shown it was the precariat – who were on the streets for two weeks. The first S&P downgrade of Greece in 2009 [which lowered the country's credit rating] was because of the riots of 2008. I realised then there would be acute social crisis in Greece."
Mason argues that the 2008 financial crisis was just the tip of the iceberg: our economy is broken. The rise of information technology has pushed capitalism beyond its capacity to adapt by dissolving markets, destroying ownership and breaking down the relationship between work and wages. As stagnation leads to social crisis, armed conflict and the erosion of democracy, a more dynamic force will emerge to reshape the economy around new values. So, where do we begin?
Unplugging From The Matrix
Moving towards postcapitalism requires pulling your energy and time out of the mainstream economic and financial system, to put more of yourself into non-economic things you really care about, says Mason. Things that make the world a better place – positive projects whose benefits can't be measured by economists in monetary terms or GDP figures. It means rejecting the prevailing neoliberal economic theory that says you are just a utility-maximising (e.g. selfish, money-driven) individual, to invest yourself in things that matter.
"Until postcapitalism appears, you'll have to have a part of you inside the main system, and you have to work to the system's values and play the game," Mason explains. "There are a few idiots that do live the dream, but in most workplaces they're despised. So you play the game, you do what's necessary. You do the ten per cent extra that meets all the emotional labour requirements. You go to the Christmas party, you go to the away-day, you take part in the paintballing. But you take another percentage of yourself and you put it into the emerging post-capitalist world."
The shape that world takes is up to you, he says. "It's mundane as that, it's things that have always existed which become quasi-economic," Mason explains. "Surfing has been playing that function since the 1960s. It's an incredible buzz, it's an incredible lifestyle. And once you're in it, it's not capitalism. Well, unless you're Kelly Slater… You can spend your money on it, but it creates a network and becomes life-fulfilling, wellbeing-enhancing and identity-creating. Surfing is a good example, but you could equally choose politics, activism or whatever. The point about postcapitalism is that the economic becomes non-economic."
Across southern Europe, he's seen a promising explosion of grassroots solutions to problems created by the financial crisis. "What the crisis did was it forced ordinary people to do things that up to then only hippies had done," he explains. "So, squatting places, seed banks, time banks, car pools, basic things like that." He mentions progressive academic Manuel Castells, who has documented the rise of the cooperative economy in Spain. Castells found one in three people have lent money to non-relatives without interest, building a peer-to-peer financial network free of centralised control. Together with the rise of community currencies like the Brixton Pound, it's a sign that growing numbers are embracing solutions outside the marketplace.
Trade Skills, Not Cash
One of the most powerful forces unleashed by the internet has been the Open Source movement. Programmes like Linux have been built over decades by thousands of people contributing their skills to move the project forward – and the results are free for everyone to use. Upsetters Wikipedia have destroyed the old model of profiting from information by locking it away and charging people for access. Its open editing has allowed it to grow faster than a commercial operation ever could and its advertising-free setup is believed to deprive the ad industry of $3 billion per year.
The internet has weakened the link between work and wages which underpins the capitalist system, but Mason proposes severing the link entirely – moving to trading and sharing skills, rather than working for a paycheque. If you're publishing an indie mag, making short films or putting on gigs with no budget – just by calling in favours from your mates and offering the same in return – you're already sowing the seeds of the post-capitalist revolution. Citizen journalists like Brazil's Mídia Ninja, who have built a horizontal, grassroots network of volunteer reporters across the country are another great example. They livestream whatever is happening on the streets without censorship and have overturned the official narrative more than once.
"People will start to create things without being paid for them, in the knowledge that some well-being will come back to them in society."
It's a model that works when there aren't many jobs around, or in places like Greece where austerity has sucked cash out of the country. "Most of the valid journalistic activity in Greece right now is being done by young people who couldn't get a job in the highly corrupt TV media, which doesn't pay any tax, doesn't have a licence to broadcast and is politically controlled by oligarchs," he explains. "What's really going on is the swapping of time for influence, for favours – you're probably buying pictures and footage off each other, and so on. It's on the edges between capitalism and cooperation. To me, this is actually more interesting in some ways than open-source projects or a co-op, it's the way the non-economic is invading the world."
This cultural shift leads to more meaningful jobs and happier people, which is what excites Mason most. "What is the standard activity that I find people doing in one of the offices of one of those small Greek publications?" he asks. "It's sitting on the balcony smoking. Young boys, young girls, basically having a great time talking about the world. That's one of their main activities. I find that good. They wouldn't be doing that if they worked for a normal company."
Like other cities in Europe and Latin America, Utrecht recently began experimenting with the basic income by offering all citizens an unconditional sum to help cover living costs. Mason is a strong supporter of using the basic income to "formalise the separation of work and wages and subsidise the transition to a shorter working week, or day, or life." He sees it as a key part of the post-capitalist transition and gives people the chance to volunteer, set up co-ops, edit Wikipedia, learn new skills and build their place in the non-market economy. "It subsidises the de-linking of work with wages," he explains. "Once you've done that, people will start to create things without being paid for them, in the knowledge that some well-being will come back to them in society."
Think Free
The Brian Jonestown Massacre's heroin-fuelled, visionary frontman Anton Newcombe was an early poster boy for postcapitalism. In Ondi Timoner's cult documentary Dig!, he declared war on the music industry "mafia" in the late '90s and did everything he could to bring them down. "I'm not for sale," he thundered. "I'm fucking Love, do you understand what I'm saying? Like, the Beatles were for sale. I give it away." He recorded albums for peanuts and put out music free to sink their business model, before the rise of peer-to-peer file sharing nearly completed the job for him.
The industry saw off the challenge by belatedly embracing online music sales, but Mason argues their days are numbered. "iTunes is one of the clearest examples of how monopolies can suppress supply and demand," he explains. "The supply of a digital song on iTunes is infinite, but 99p per track is simply there because Apple decrees it to be so."
Newcombe now asserts his right to royalties, but his relationship with the music industry hasn't improved. "Fuck these satanic corporations," he raged on Twitter earlier this year. iTunes music store has evolved into the subscription-based Apple Music, but Mason remains confident that any company which stands in the way of the free flow of digital information won't be able to survive. "The main contradiction today is between the possibility of free, abundant goods and information and a system of monopolies, banks and governments trying to keep things private, scarce and commercial," Mason writes. "Everything comes down to the struggle between the network and the hierarchy, between old forms of society moulded around capitalism and new forms of society that prefigures what comes next."
As more and more of our lives become freely and infinitely replicable ones and zeros, and the production costs of physical items fall to insignificant levels, it will destroy the market's ability to set prices and alternative forms of exchange will rise to dominate. "You can see lots of people are already self-producing music tracks," he explains. "The value isn't zero, but it isn't a lot. The extent to which producing sandwiches or coffee becomes like producing a selfie, that's what postcapitalism is. We'll know we're in a post-capitalist world if people go on producing things when their value is zero."
Paul Mason's Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future is out now, published by Allen Lane.
This article originally appeared in Huck 53 – The Change Issue.
Grab it in the Huck Shop now or Subscribe today to make sure you never miss another issue.
postcapitalism
Posted Tuesday 15th December, 2015
Illustration © Rupert Smissen
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Review of the movie Paul: The X-Files. Escape from Site-51 (Topic)
World Of Topics » Movies » Reviews » Review of the movie Paul: The X-Files. Escape from Site-51
Review of the movie Paul: The X-Files. Escape from Site-51
Acting duo Simon Pegg-Nick Frost is known primarily for the work of British director Edgar Wright, who directed such masterpiece parody comedies as `` Zombie Called Sean '' and Kinda Tough Cop. They played very well there and from the current movie with their participation `` Paul: The Secret Material '' one could also expect an equally impressive result. However, the creator of the good, but much less impressive comedy Superpeers is responsible for directing this tape. and therefore, she is still far from the heights of Wright's projects.
Two science fiction fans, after visiting Comic-Con; go to travel around the country and quite accidentally encounter the alien Paul, who, after 60 years of living in a top-secret base in the United States, decides to escape. Having made friends with Paul, the guys help him hide from the military.
The local story is a very simple road movie, where no shocking plot twists, in principle, occurs and all events proceed smoothly, without any sudden jumps or protracted moments. However, for all the banality of the plot, we have before us that very rare case when straightforwardness to the whole movie is only beneficial and allows the viewer to focus on the details (of which there are a lot), the parody aspect and brilliant acting. After all, we watch comedies for the sake of humor, and not for the sake of the plot, right?
And the humor is here, despite the abundant amount of vulgarity, and selected abuse, makes you laugh sincerely. If you try to compare it with other representatives of the genre, then `` Paul '' can be called a kind of mixture of `` fans '' and social comedies produced by Judd Apatow. At this point, as they say, for an amateur.
The picture does not at all seek to please the mass audience. It is not for nothing that the movie opens with an episode from the Comic-Con exhibition, because it represents the very target audience of the picture. It is science fiction lovers and viewers who have watched many movies about aliens who will appreciate all the local jokes (for example, we will finally find out why all the science fiction movies since the 60s have enjoyed success) and hidden references to the classics of the genre.
It is also very pleasing that, having coped with their script duties, Pegg and Frost did not forget about the acting component of this tape. Actually, the movie can be watched at least for the sake of the amazing dialogues between the main characters. I'm now talking not only about two geeks, but of course, about the alien Pole himself, whose voiceover was done by Seth Rogen (in the USA dubbing Pavel Volya, who, in principle, also did not disappoint). Not only the appearance of the alien is perfectly worked out (it looks very expensive and realistic), but also its character (I must say, the alien is still vulgar).
Although the plot is twisted around the troika the main characters, the scriptwriters allowed the secondary actors to roam. As the plot progresses, more and more funny and inadequate characters will appear in the frame, which would not be so memorable without impressive acting. Jason Bateman turned out to be very colorful as an intelligence officer and Kristen Wiig as a convinced Catholic. The role of Sigourney Weaver turned out to be very strange and short.
As mentioned above, the movie is unlikely to appeal to the mass audience, and it should be admitted that in terms of quality it is much worse than the British works of the duo Pegg-Frost. Still, fans of science fiction should never miss Paul, for it's an incredibly memorable ridicule of the genre's cliches and a very peculiar tribute to the classics. It is unlikely that we will see anything like this in the near future. To all fans of the genre – sincere recommendations.
The role of Sigourney Weaver turned out to be very strange and short.
As mentioned above, the movie is unlikely to appeal to the mass audience, and it should be admitted that in quality it is much worse than the British works of the duo Pegg-Frost. Still, fans of science fiction should never miss Paul, for it's an incredibly memorable ridicule of the genre's cliches and a very peculiar tribute to the classics. It is unlikely that we will see anything like this in the near future. To all fans of the genre – sincere recommendations.
As mentioned above, the movie is unlikely to appeal to the mass audience, and it should be admitted that in quality it is much worse than the British works of the duo Pegg-Frost. Still, fans of science fiction should never miss Paul, for it is an incredibly memorable ridicule of the genre's cliches and a very peculiar tribute to the classics. It is unlikely that we will see anything like this in the near future. To all fans of the genre – sincere recommendations.
Science fiction fans should never miss Paul, for it's an incredibly memorable ridicule of the genre's cliches and a very peculiar homage to the classics. It is unlikely that we will see anything like this in the near future. To all fans of the genre – sincere recommendations.
The Topic of Article: Review of the movie Paul: The X-Files. Escape from Site-51.
Simon Pegg and Nick Frost got down to business again
Simon Pegg will try his hand at directing
Ice Cream for Simon Pegg: Actor's Anniversary
Edgar Wright will take over the kidnapping
Pegg and Frost will stage another end of the world


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Q: keycloak CORS Headers in 401 I have two keycloack clients,

*

*Angular 4: with Access Type credentials authentication

*A JAX RS Application (which will be the resource server): with bearer-only authentication! In this client we activate CORS, as shown by the following json.

{
  "realm": "demo-realm",
  "bearer-only": true,
  "auth-server-url": "http://demo-keycloack-server:8080/auth",
  "ssl-required": "external",
  "resource": "demo-server",
  "enable-cors": true
}

The problem is that the HTTP Response with the status code 401 (Unauthorized) of the JAX-RS Application don't brings the required CORS Headers to javascript client!
How can we add the respective CORS Header when the HTTP Status is 401 ?

A: (Note: this behavior has been reproduced in keycloak tomcat valve 6.0.1)
[Updated to include solution]
After much experimentation, it appears that the problem is this:
Keycloak sends back a 401 response to the CORS preflight (OPTIONS) request. No matter what headers you add to the preflight, an error status code (ie anything but a 200-series response) will be considered a CORS failure.
The solution:
1) Extend Keycloak-valve's CORS support to respond with a 204 to OPTIONS, possibly by adding code as shown below. If you feel like checking it out, figuring out its mazelike architecture, and submitting a PR, that would be great. Otherwise,
2) Disable keycloak's CORS support and add a CORS valve before it in your configuration.
I disabled CORS support in the bearer-only server by setting "enable_cors: false" (or simply remove the entry). Then I created a small CORS support valve to send Access-Control-Allow- headers. Because this is a bearer-token system, it is reasonably safe to allow "*". (Also, modern browsers will not send credentials if you allow-origin "*".)
The entire CORS support valve is something along the lines of:
public void invoke(Request rqst, Response rsp) throws ...
{
    HttpServletResponse response = rsp.getResponse();
    HttpServletRequest request = rqst.getRequest();

    if (null != request.getHeader("origin")) {
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");

        String method = request.getMethod();
        if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("options")) { // preflight?
            rsp.reset();
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST,GET,OPTIONS");
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "10");
            response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,Accept,Content-Type,Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers,Your-Header-Here");
            rsp.setStatus(204);
            return;
        }
    }

    getNext().invoke(rqst, rsp);
}

but you might want to write a more full-featured valve for your application.
After adding this, CORS preflight returns a 204, and then the 401/403 responses are correctly received by the requestor.
Analysis
The Keycloak valve only sends CORS headers after checking in with the Keycloak auth server. This means that any failure of networking, configuration, or token validation by the bearer-token server-side app results in error responses without any Access-Control-Allow headers, so none of the error detail is available.
The Keycloak tomcat valve does serve up detailed failure information for almost any failure. For 401 errors, this is located in the WWW-Authenticate response header, which, like most headers, is forbidden in the case of a CORS failure. However, it returns this 401 error to the OPTIONS request, which is CORS preflight, which hides it from client code. Since any configuration error (auth-server-url has the wrong port, or realm is misspelled) also triggers CORS failure, your app never sees the header.
The error is visible in the network debugging pane of some browsers, but not to Javascript.

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text:
Санкт-Йоганн-ім-Понгау — місто в Австрійській землі Зальцбург. Місто є адміністративним центром округу Санкт-Йоганн-ім-Понгау.

Санкт-Йоганн-ім-Понгау на мапі округу та землі.

Література

 Gerhard Moser (Hg.): Stadtbuch St. Johann im Pongau. Publikation der Stadt St. Johann, 2005.
 Albert Kohlbegger, Chronik von St. Johann im Pongau. 2. Auflage 1983, Publikation der Stadt St. Johann. → teilweise fehlerhaft, katastrophaler Druck
 R. Stadler, M. Mooslechner: St. Johann 1938–1945. Das nationalsozialistische Markt Pongau. Der 2. Juli 1944 in Goldegg: Widerstand und Verfolgung, Salzburg. Eigenverlag der Autoren, 1986. Versand: www.markt-pongau.at
 Michael Mooslechner: Die Mitglieder der nationalsozialistischen Organisationen in "Markt Pongau" nach ausgewählten Merkmalen: Familienstand, Schulbildung und Alter. Diplomarbeit 2002.
 Michael Mooslechner: Das Kriegsgefangenenlager STALAG XVIIIC "Markt Pongau" – Todeslager für sowjetische Soldaten. Geschichte und Hintergründe eines nationalsozialistischen Verbrechens in St. Johann/Pongau während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Salzburg 2005 (Broschüre)

Виноски

Міста Зальцбургу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Dolores del Carmen Gutiérrez Zurita (born 7 October 1963) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRD. As of 2014 she served as Senator of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Tabasco as replacement of Arturo Núñez Jiménez.

References

1963 births
Living people
Politicians from Tabasco
Women members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara alumni
Academic staff of Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
People from Villahermosa


Nestled in the hills of Andalusia is Júzcar, a quiet town in Spain, in the province of Málaga that was known for its famous whitewashed walls.
In spring 2011, buildings in the village were painted smurf-blue to celebrate the premiere of the Smurfs movie. Even if the original agreement among Sony España and the mayor of Júzcar included painting the village white after the promotion ended, in December 2011, a special referendum was organised for the village residents to determine if the village would remain blue or revert to white; the referendum results indicated the village would continue as blue with no date for reverting to white.
One indication as to why might be that an estimated 95,000 tourists visited the village in the six months following the blue paint job; exactly 86.000 more than the visitors that came to the village the previous year.


text:
Safijova (, , ) is a village in Grodno District of the Grodno Region of Belarus, close to the Belarus–Poland border. It is a part of Padlabieńnie Rural Council. In 1999 it had a population of 45 and in 2010 the number decreased to 9. Lipszczany is a village located in the Polish side of the border. There is a plan to open a border crossing between Belarus and Poland next to the village.

References

Villages in Belarus
Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Belastok Region
Belarus–Poland border crossings
Grodno District
Populated places in Grodno Region


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Trudy McGee is a Celebrant of the highest calibre. She listens to her couples requirements for their Ceremony and delivers a top notch service. One of the best I have ever seen or worked with.
I have been lucky enough to be at two weddings performed by Trudy McGee and they are the best weddings I have ever attended. She is professional yet brings a warmth and personal touch to each wedding.


text:
J. Kenji Lopez-Alt, Contributor
Author, 'The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science'
Rey Is a Palpatine. Here's Why
04/05/2016 12:05 pm ET Updated Apr 06, 2017
Warning: Major plot spoilers for Star Wars: The Force Awakens ahead.
People know me as that food nerd, but I was a Star Wars nerd long before I ever even picked up a knife. Like other SW fans, I've spent a great deal of time pondering Rey's origins, watching, re-watching, and re-watching The Force Awakens again and again in search of clues.
In the real world Star Wars universe, Rey origin stories are as numerous as mynocks in a giant space slug's belly, but that doesn't mean that there's no room for yet another one to come out and latch on to you. Here's one that has been chewing on the power cables of my brain for the last 12 hours or so, ever since re-watching The Force Awakens a couple times on a cross-country flight (I knew I wasn't getting any of the much-needed sleep I'd planned as soon as I saw the movie list):
Rey is a Palpatine.
It sounds like some Jar-Jar-is-a-Sith-level crazy when you first hear it, but there's some pretty compelling evidence that is folded into that movie, beyond the obvious "she must come from a force-strong family" and "her origin is important" business that can be used to support most other fan theories.
Her Fighting Style
This is the most compelling to me. From the very first viewing of Episode VII in the theater, I noticed that Rey's first move upon force-grabbing that lightsaber is to jab at Kylo with a horizontal stabby motion, both hands on the hilt, with a big forward shoulder thrust. This is the exact move that Palpatine uses to take the jedi off-guard when Mace Windu comes to arrest him in Revenge of the Sith.
Rey repeats the move two more times over the course of her short fight with Kylo. The Emperor uses it multiple times in both of his major fight scenes. It's a fighting style that does not fit into any of the traditional forms, and indicates that the character is powerful and talented enough to forge their own style.
More importantly, it's a move that is not used by any other saber-wielder in any of the other movies: the only two characters to use it are Palpatine and Rey, and both use it multiple times.
Her Name
Names in Star Wars movie have always had significance. Darth Vader is the obvious Dark Father. Luke is a biblical name that derives from the Latin for "light." Han Solo is a loner. Yoda comes from the Hebrew for "wisdom." Salacious Crumb. Darth Sidious and Tyranus. BB-8. The list goes on, and none of those names are an accident.
Rey could be interpreted a couple ways. Perhaps she is the ray of light, the New Hope for the jedi to return balance to the force. But "Rey" is also Spanish for "king," derived from the Latin "rex." This doesn't necessarily imply good or evil, light or dark, but it is the kind of thing where if we were to find out in Episode 8 or 9 that she is a Palpatine, we'll look back and go "duh, the name fits," just as we did with Darth Vader.
It Follows Established Star Wars Tropes
At its core, the Star Wars story has always been Palpatine vs. Skywalker. Sure, there are battles and feuds between other characters, there are characters who lose their way and find it again, but it's always the Skywalkers leading the charge for the Light Side, dealing with both internal and external struggles against the Dark Side, which is led by Palpatine.
True, Episode 4 seems to live in the Palpatine-free vacuum of Skywalker vs. Skywalker, but it's important to remember that when A New Hope was made, there was no guarantee that Episodes 5 or 6 would even see the light of day, thus more complex story arc plot points were largely ignored to keep the movie self-contained. As soon as it became clear that this would be a multi-movie franchise, the struggle rapidly switched from Skywalker vs. Skywalker to Skywalker vs. Palpatine, with Palpatine manipulating the action either directly or from behind the scenes every step of the way. Even in Empire Strikes Back, the stage is set for Anakin's eventual redemption and battle against the emperor.
She Was Dumped on Jakku for a Reason
It seems pretty clear that Rey was dropped on Jakku in the care of Unkar Plutt after Kylo Ren went rogue for a reason. That reason is because Luke is afraid of her and the power/potential rise of the dark side she represents. Even Kylo seems to know that she has untapped potential (even beyond the way she whooped his butt with no training at the end of Episode 7).
Where do you drop someone who you don't want to get trained? Someone who you want to keep hidden from everyone, including themselves? In the ass-backward end of the galaxy on a desert planet. And how do you guarantee that she'll never leave of her own accord? Tell her that her family is going to return to pick her up some day, "so you better not ever leave!"
Oh, and let's ask Han Solo and Chewie to hang around and keep an eye on her too, just in case she ever manages to find a way to escape. You think it was an accident that Han Solo picked Rey and Finn up so soon after they made it off the planet surface? He knew they were leaving, he was watching her all along. It's also no accident that he asks her to join his crew before he even bothers asking for her name (not that he didn't already know it). He wants to keep her close.
That look in Luke's eyes at the end of the film is a mixture of fear, regret, self-incrimination, affection. All feelings that make sense for a man who abandoned a young girl not because he wanted to, but because he felt he had to.
It Makes a Good Story
The fight between Kylo and Rey has a lot more weight to it than random force-users who don't have a more intimate and intertwined relationship. Does Kylo know of her origin? His "I can train you" line just before the earth opens up could be telling.
Whether he knows as of now or not, as soon as Kylo finds out that she is a Palpatine, the Ultimate Vader Fan-Boy is going to s#%t his pants thinking that this may be the Skywalkers' chance at Dark Side redemption. Luke struck a major blow to the Dark Side when he converted Vader back to the light. Imagine if Kylo could bring back the Palpatine lineage, converting the Light Palpatine into the Dark Palpatine. He and she could, dare I say it, rule the galaxy? Just imagine the epic final showdown with Snoke battling Kylo and Rey, with the ambiguity of not knowing whether Kylo and Rey are fighting to usurp rule of the galaxy from Snoke, or to free the galaxy from the Sith. (It's a Disney movie, so definitely the latter, but the tension will still be there).
If we are to believe that Snoke is really the Darth Plagueis that Palpatine refers to in the space opera scene in Revenge of the Sith, there are other fitting plot elements that come into play. The entire Skywalker lineage was supposedly created whole cloth by Plagueis (through the vessel of Shmi Skywalker), while Plagueis himself was killed by Palpatine/Sidious, afraid that the new Skywalker would mean his own demise as Plagueis' apprentice (though the Snoke-as-Plagueis theory presumes that Plagueis was never really dead). There would be a poetic close-the-book quality to see the him defeated by a Palpatine and a Skywalker working together.
Finally, there's another nice poetic balance to the plot of the new trilogy if we are to see the child of good characters (Han and Leia) turn evil, and the offspring of evil characters (Palpatine) turn good.
The Dream Sequence
The dream sequence that is instigated when Rey touches the Anakin's old lightsaber is difficult to follow, particularly the audio. In the theater it's nearly impossible to distinguish the layers of sounds going on into individual voices. With headphones plugged into the jack of the in-flight entertainment system and the ability to re-watch it a dozen times, a few things become more clear.
There is the obvious Alec Guinness Obi-Wan saying "Rey" followed by Ewan Mcgregor Obi-Wan saying "these are your first steps" towards the end, as well as Unkar Plutt saying "quiet girl." Towards the beginning there is also Yoda delivering his "Its energy surrounds us and binds us" line. We hear Darth Vader's mask and see the hallway where he chased Luke in Empire. The girl has strong ties to force-users, both light and dark. I don't think those dark ties are going to go to waste as plot elements in future films.
During the Knights of Ren dream sequence, we also see Kylo Ren kill one of the Knights in order to protect Rey and we know that Kylo knows who she is long before they run into each other outsize Maz's hideout. (Remember the scene where he pulls the hapless stormtrooper into his hand to strangle him and asks "what girl"?). Ren could want her for a number of reasons, but I can't think of any that would get him to want her more than her being a Palpatine
Her Rage
Rey repeatedly loses herself to rage over the course of the movie. She angrily fights with Tito when she sees him hauling off BB-8. She gets a feel for the power of the blaster when firing at Storm Troopers outside of Maz Kanata's hangout, and proceeds to angrily blast her way through several of them before turning her guns on Kylo Ren. She angrily fights with Ren as he is interrogating her, ending with the zinger "you'll never be as powerful as Darth Vader." Then of course there is the hate-fueled rampage she goes on when she sees Kylo take down her friend. Again, this could indicate either Skywalker or Palpatine lineage, but I like the story possibilities of the latter better.
Her Theme Song
Rey's theme has similar motifs to other established Star Wars themes, most notably the force theme (John Williams has confirmed this connection), but it also shares similar motion to the Emperor's theme. For music nerds, the ostinato without ornament in Rey's theme goes: "Do-mi♭-Do Do-mi♭ Sol-si♭" while the Emperor's theme is "Do-mi♭-Do mi♭-Do-si♭." (A commenter below posted a YouTube video which makes this easier to hear).
The introduction to the Scavenger Theme also echoes the brass-based dissonances leading up to the Emperor's Theme. Listen a little longer and you'll find that the final cadence is nearly identical tonally (Sol-mi♭Do) to the main motif in the Imperial march (la♭-mi♭-Do), an indication that she has a connection to either Vader or the Emperor. Both would make sense.
Her Accent
Sure there are a few good guys with British accents -- Obi-wan, Mon Mothma, Chancellor Valorum, a couple others -- but by and large British accents in Star Wars films tend to imply some dark-ish tendencies.
EDIT: It's been pointed out to me that the British accents in Star Wars are generally attributed to affluent classes from the core systems of the galaxy, which means Rey's accent only indicates that she was raised either near the core, or by upper-class people who come from the core. That said, it is perfectly reasonable to assume that just as they did with the other six movies, the moviemakers are willing to use in-universe traits, names, accents, etc. as plot devices to further our understanding of the themes. I.E. this is fantasy not science fiction, not every detail needs a plausible in-universe explanation.
The Counter-Argument
There's one very strong counterargument: The Emperor was dead before Rey was even born. But in the fantasy world of Star Wars there are ways around this. Clones, carbonite freezing, heck, the Emperor-could even already have a child we don't know about, making Rey his granddaughter. In a galaxy where characters can be created by a mystical energy field and return as ghostly visions, I don't think it'll be very difficult to explain this chronological anomaly away. Besides, a force-based explanation of how Palpatine reproduced is much less icky than imagining the physical alternative. I really don't want to imagine what his scarred body looks like under those robes.
What do you think? Plausible? Exciting? Yawn?
J. Kenji López-Alt is the author of the New York Times Best-Seller and James Beard Award Nominee The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science. His nerd-dom extends well beyond the world of food.
A version of this post originally appeared on Medium.
Star Wars Fan Theory Kylo Ren Entertainment


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Discussing the Equal Rights Amendment with Illinois Representative Susan Catania and political activists Clara Day and Margaret Klimkowski.
Interview with Dr. Charles Clements
Discussing Nicaragua with author and activist Dr. Charles Clements.
Discussing the book "The Haymarket Tragedy," with the author, historian Paul Avrich
Lenore Griesing, Carol Kleiman, and Joan Smutny discuss women suffrage and the event they organized, "Woman Power Through Education"
Studs interview with Lenore Griesing, Carol Kleiman, and Joan Smutny, organizers of "Woman Power through Education" at the National College of Education. Studs played a part of a recorded interview he had with Sybil Thorndike, a pacifist. The recording was about women's right to vote and political involvement. He also played part of a song that was played at Susan B. Anthony's birthday party but no title was given. The interview covered motherhood, education for women, family life, choices, and liberation.
Discussing Oxfam America with Joe Short
Oxfam America invests privately raised funds in partnership with local organizations across the globe to promote social and economic justice and search for solutions for hunger, poverty, and injustice.
Interview with Dr. Charles Clements and Asa Baber
Interviewing Vietnam veterans and peace activists Dr. Charles Clements and Asa Baber.
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Interview with members of the Chicago 8
Interviewing Abbie Hoffman, Bobby Seale, and Dave Dellinger of the Chicago 8.
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Discussing the book, "Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.: A Documentary," and interviewing its author, Jonathan Katz.
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Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Night King QUASHED as two favourites make shock return?
GAME OF THRONES season eight is just weeks away and with tension mounting HBO have released a new trailer, shedding light on the fate of two much-loved characters and teasing the demise of the Night King.
By Shanique Joseph
PUBLISHED: 02:01, Wed, Mar 6, 2019 | UPDATED: 08:02, Wed, Mar 6, 2019
A newly released Game of Thrones season eight clip has hinted Beric Dondarrion (Richard Dormer) and Tormund Giantsbane (Kristofer Hivju) are still alive.
Seemingly, the duo escaped being captured by the Night King at the end of season seven.
In the last season, the beloved characters encountered the leader of the White Walkers as The Wall fell.
Many fans of the show assumed the twosome had perished, thus becoming the living dead.
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However, the latest trailer for the eighth and final season of the hit HBO drama series would suggest otherwise.
In the thrilling teaser video, Beric and Tormund are seen walking side by side, while carrying torches.
At first glance it would appear the men survived the dreaded collapse of the wall and defeated the Night King - at least in the battle, if not yet the war.
But viewers will have to wait until the last season airs in April to find out whether the pair are indeed alive.
Director Jeremy Podeswa previously waded in on the two characters' survival, although he remained tight-lipped about their existence.
When IGN asked him whether the duo perished at the end of season seven, Jeremy replied: "I can honestly tell you that I don't know.
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Beric and Tormund are seen walking side by side in the trailer (Image: HBO)
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: The Night King will fight those in Westeros (Image: HBO)
"I've also chosen not to know. I'm sure Dan [Weiss] and David [Benioff] know and the other people working on the next season know."
He added: "But we certainly wanted to keep it open by the end of the episode. Open to interpretation.
"We didn't put a fine point on it about who survived and who didn't."
The 56-year-old finished: "It certainly doesn't look great for those who were on the Wall though."
Season eight of Game of Thrones is tipped to be one of the greatest seasons of the entire series.
Game of Thrones season 8: Arya to be killed by returning character?
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Emmerdale star in surprise cameo?
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Beric and Tormund were thought to have died when the Wall fell (Image: HBO)
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Night King QUASHED as two favourites make shock return? (Image: HBO)
The Battle of Winterfell, which will be the longest onscreen conflict ever shot, according to Entertainment Weekly is likely to be a show-stopper.
Jon Snow (played by Kit Harington), Daenerys Targaryen (Emilia Clarke), Arya Stark (Maisie Williams) and Sansa Stark (Sophie Turner) are just some of the characters confirmed for the battle.
The episode will be directed by Miguel Sapochnik, who's directed two Game of Thrones episodes in the past: Hardhome and Battle of the Bastards.
The latter episode was one of the most memorable and brutal ever seen in the show so far.
Game of Thrones season 8 returns April 14 on HBO in the US, and the next day on Sky Atlantic in the UK.
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: Arya Stark to DIE in huge battle?
Game of Thrones season 8 trailer breakdown: How will final series end?
Game of Thrones season 8 spoilers: New trailer confirms major theory?
Game of Thrones HBO
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"When you look back at the role that Washington has played between the Arabs and the Israelis, it is clear that the United States could end the Arab-Israeli conflict tomorrow, if it so desired"
International relations"When you look back at the role that Washington has played between the Arabs and the Israelis, it is clear that the United States could end the Arab-Israeli conflict tomorrow, if it so desired"
The picture taken at the Washington summit right after the Madrid conference just says it all: Rabin and Arafat, the representatives of the two most antagonistic peoples in the modern world, shake hands under Clinton's blessing. Thus it may seem that the American presence and participation is the condition to successful peace negotiations between Arabs and Israelis. But the truth is that the interests at stake in this long-lasting conflict ?land and religion, to name but a few? are too linked to both Palestinian and Israeli communities to be solved by an external power. The very notion of ?promised land? shows that this is first a matter of attachment to land, something quite irrational or at least not rational enough to be tamed by outside powers. The United States has proved to be able to elaborate solutions that seem workable, but actual implementation is very difficult because old interests and rivalries cast away signs of sensibility.


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text:
Syzygium melanophilum är en myrtenväxtart som beskrevs av Ho Tseng Chang och Ru Huai Miao. Syzygium melanophilum ingår i släktet Syzygium och familjen myrtenväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Myrtenväxter
melanophilum


When evaluating an algebraic expression, remember that letters stand for numbers.
Evaluate the expression below by substituting the numerical value of x.
Substitute the number 5 for every x in the expression.
PEMDAS also applies to the expression within the parentheses.
In this case 2 * 5 is evaluated first, and -7 is evaluated second.
There is no division which needs to be evaluated.
There is no addition or subtraction which needs to be completed.