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[Lore] Revise ship-related specifics for the Ships and Stations wiki page
By Scheveningen,
June 13, 2019 in Suggestions & Ideas
ckey: scheveningen
There's a few issues with the Ships and Stations page, largely pertaining to consistency and what's grounded in reality for the Military Vessels section.
This is the present sorting:
If anyone reading this is already familiar with present-day naval terminology and the tactical purposes of certain vessels compared to others, you may already see an issue or two. However, as we go up from down, it stands to reason that ships should get less manueverable but are equipped with more forward firepower or have heavier utilitarian usage to a fleet. I will list instead where I think each ship of their class should be.
Corvettes: Completely fine where they are. The size is reasonable. They serve as support for smaller ships and generally aren't intended for anything more than light combat and deterrence, otherwise they simply don't survive. Some corvettes can be rigged to sport point-defense to screen against swarmed fighter/drone sequences well enough to be necessary when military intelligence indicates enemy carrier ships will be in play for upcoming battles.
Cruisers: This is kind of really tricky because in real life, Cruisers are easily the most adaptable, diverse and absolutely weird ship classes known to man. In other media outlets, it's just as confusing. In my personal belief in this matter, however, if one is gonna make room for hardware diversity in one avenue, it'll pretty much find itself happening elsewhere in other starship classes, including frigates. As we go down the list they will become less and less versatile in what I think should be implemented, however. Cruisers should be as their namesake is, everyday patrol squad-type ships. They cruise in your local neighborhood. Not much else they can or should do, but they're cute gunboats that can be equipped with a wide variety of weapons and tools to get the job done, and they should generally crush corvettes in 1 to 1 subspace altercation settings. They won't be capable of bombardment but they are passable at ship to ship combat, but their uses run thin against heavier-class vessels.
Frigates: It's way too high up the list. Frigates in the naval modern-day are generally responsible for supporting larger ships, but if we might take a page out of Star Wars for the sake of relating one sci-fantasy setting to another, the Victory-class Star Destroyers were not actually Star Destroyers in their class, but rather they were supportive firepower frigates designed to stay further behind the capital ships in formation. Their role was to screen against incoming corvettes, cruisers and also other frigates while the larger capital ships focused their fire on more pressing targets such as other capital ships of the same class or intensifying firepower against an even bigger target. They aren't at the same tier as Destroyers who have better firepower, armor, greater size but far less manueverability. Frigates should be below Destroyers in class, but above Corvettes and Cruisers. Frigates are capable of bombardment and fielding fighter/drone squadrons of their own but they are not carriers.
Destroyers: The big badass ships you most commonly see in military fleets that aren't per se the capital ships. They're the bread and butter of any fleet, because Destroyers do what pulse destroyers do: destroy. Well, sort of. Destroyers should be a little more multipurpose than that, being also command ships to relay orders from down the chain of the main commander of any fleet which is usually the captain/admiral of a battleship in a typical Alliance fleet. Destroyers' general prioritization of targets are vessels of equal or lower class, in that order, as it's only sensible that destroyers try to destroy other destroyers first so that those destroyers can't destroy their ships! It's proactive preventative measures, trust me, it makes sense if you say that in your head a few times. Destroyers can't take threats alone however and need Frigate and Cruiser support to stand up well against conventional threats in times of war, as they're incredibly susceptible to swarm fighter/drone tactics deployed by carrier. Destroyers are capable of bombardment and fielding fighter/drone squadrons of their own but they are not carriers.
Battleships: Who called in the fleet? Battlecruisers as per their description are fine. Their roles are pretty obvious, hit similar targets as to what Destroyers are supposed to be doing, but they simply do it better because they're beefier and hold more guns. The unique bit to battlecruisers is that they should be completely incapable of fielding fighter/drone squads, as they should have roughly 4x the armor and firepower of a single destroyer to substitute for not having on-hand fighter support. While this makes them a high-priority target, it also makes them intensely lethal if any ship of lesser class is foolish enough to engage it on 'equal' terms. They are absolutely nasty in regards to orbital bombardment, certain Alliance battleships being rumored to use plasma-beam bombardment to completely decimate ground opposition. Merely rumors, of course, Interstellar War propaganda by the Coalition. There's no basis to the rumor that Alliance Naval dudes like to cook innocent colonists like chicken.
Carriers: Self-explanatory. It's okay. I like they have different roles outlined. It makes them more complex than just "duhhhh I carry starfighters and this is all I do, oh my god".
Dreadnoughts: Which came first, the chicken or the egg? I really think this should be renamed to "Dreadnought" because "Super-Dreadnought" is kind of silly if no regular "Dreadnought" class exists. It's needlessly tacking on such a name and it ends up being a mockery of its itself rather than cheekily lampshading how Star Wars gets really ridiculous with classifying their ships.
A minor tangent about the Cataclysms, because this is somehow relevant to ships; Yeah, why are extremely expensive vessels that have incredibly high mass, low manueverability and incredibly high upkeep costs somehow outfitted to engage in extremely dangerous tactics such as attempting to ram into another ships while in sublight speed? If we also see how telescience and bluespace teleportation works in general, we'd notice how directly 'jaunting' into anything through bluespace completely obliterates both the thing being jumped into as well as the thing that tried jumping into the object. Explosively. No defense against it, because bluespace to this day is still not fully understood, not even by the Unathi.
Even in regards to sublight speed... well, I am not going to get into exact mathematical specifics because I'm pretty sure something that weighs thousands of tons requires so much investment in afterburners and power supply conduits to truly be worth it, meaning the Cataclysms sacrifice far more important values such as hangar bay space, hundreds if not thousands of potential laser/railgun batteries (kindly granted to them by their Vaurcae allies), and a lot of armor to protect their incredibly pricey ships. Ramming always comes at a cost if monster trucks, naval ships with rams and etc are to be taken example of. Anything that rams another object with such high mass will take proportionally ouchie amounts of damage.
So how to fix that? The Cataclysms should simply retrofit their stuff later down the line and design Interceptor-Cruisers with thermal lance technology as their form of rams. And then Cataclysms can fulfill the much scarier archetype of being Super Star Destroyers/mobile space fortresses that have an incredible range except that only Unathi have them. They're deployed into groups of four and their primary tactics are to form pincer flanks around enemy opposition and stake anything that fails to manuever out of the way. Which may be difficult for larger ships, considering Cruisers in this head-canon proposition here are intended to be the fast bois that fulfill multipurpose roles for tacticool reasons.
In case you're not convinced, this is essentially what I would idealistically imagine the Dreadnoughts to be: https://youtu.be/Uv-Ue5yYBEw?t=126
Like, wow, look at that blistering firepower. That's dozens of laser and ion batteries firing and nothing can touch that without getting creamed.
This isn't a lore application format because this isn't suggesting completely new stuff but rather asking existing things to be unified into different standards rather than just rule of cool for the sake of it, in my opinion.
These changes aren't really in the scope of how we've set up our universe.
If i only speak for unathi, your cataclysm change is extremely different from the intention. The cataclysm is one of metaphore for the unathi and their philosophy and fighting style. Its not just a big cool death star.
Its also a vehicle for storytelling. Its a big ship that rams. Thats the info it needs on an ooc level to accomplish its objectives. I am confident that people "get it" with the descriptors as they are.
Edited June 13, 2019 by Marlon Phoenix
VTCobaltblood
ckey: vtcobaltblood
Actually, I would argue that having such precise numbers for military will continue to breed suggestions and complaints of this kind infinitely. No matter how we change these values, they will always be "not grounded in reality", because space military doesn't exist in reality, and as such, there is no way to land these numbers in a way that will make everyone happy.
Instead, I suggest we do away with exact numerical specifics of size and crew, and instead focus on nailing the flavor of each faction's military by using descriptions, rather than focusing on realism and numbers. These don't really add anything to lore.
8 hours ago, VTCobaltblood said:
That's fine. I just believe the ship classes should be ordered in a sense that their purpose reflects their name but they maintain themselves as standardized ways to designate ship classes regardless of how backward or advanced technology is. Technology may constantly develop but the space-naval vocabulary should remain relatively static barring new additions of ship classes.
12 hours ago, Senpai Jackboot said:
My issue with the Cataclysm-class vessels is that they seem to possess the role of "command ship" in that a Fleet Admiral is always at the helm of one of them, but rather than being designed to ensure the longevity and constant scariness of the craft for hundreds of years to come, it has a very specific quirk to its functionality that may actively endanger it if executed at the wrong time, which would set the Hegemony back billions if not trillions of credits. Military doctrine has to come second behind practical ship designs.
Even longer explanation in spoiler below to prevent the forum page from being too long:
There's a reason why certain vessels make sense and why other designs get laughed out of the room. Alliance battle clusters are nasty as they work in nearly perfect unison, are composed of a variety of ships with different mission objectives and focuses in a fleet engagement scenario, and have creative captains and admirals able to respond to changing battle conditions to ensure their part is being done and that they at least get out alive, if not outright achieve victory.
The Cataclysms as-is have a pretty simple and clear-cut objective: Control space and threaten warships with its presence, and the ability to kill other command ships it identifies with a very dangerous and potentially risky combat manuever... But it needs huge amounts of support to maintain this, however, otherwise it becomes a difficult proposition to do everything, or even anything, by itself when it has 8 primary targets firing on it from various angles and destroying its own crucial hard-points. The fact it's designed to close distance and ram, which is an incredibly dangerous manuever that may not even pay off with any damage dealt at all if they miss, works completely against its own hypothetical survivability in a fleet combat scenario. Using the ramming manuever forces the ship to overextend if it's used at the start of the middle of a battle, making it susceptible to focused firepower while it is doing it and while it still recovers. Likewise, even if your ship has the best frontal armor in the galaxy, it is not going to perfectly absorb the shock of various explosions you create while driving a massive lance through another vessel. We can still form the argument that the Hegemony's command vessels still should not be in the role of ramming anything ever, because ramming still puts them in a more likely position to fail and lose a huge ship and one of its most crucial and important Admirals of the Hegemonic fleet. And I refuse to believe the Hegemony's military is intentionally this brash and foolish. It gives them a lot less credit as an actual military threat to the galaxy.
Smol box: Utility cruiser or fighter/drone compact carrier
Smol triangle: Frigate-class vessel
Medium-sized triangle: Destroyer-class vessel
Big triangle, blue: Alliance Battleship-class vessel
Huge triangle, orange: Hegemony Cataclysm-class Dreadnought
Case in point to visualize a hypothetical scenario. The Capitalismdismantler-652 just creamed an Alliance battleship by ramming it, it didn't take significant damage in this scenario. This is looking pretty bad for the Alliance battle cluster here, and there's a decent possibility they may lose the entire fleet here, as they cannot retreat. However, there is a problem, a consequence created by the Dreadnought being caught out of position. The remaining battle cluster can now intensify their firepower on the Capitalismdismantler, regardless of whether or not the support of the dreadnought advances forward to help clean-up -- the dreadnought is going to take massive damage. It might not be destroyed, but it will be rendered almost out of commission for the rest of the hypothetical war. It's not a solid idea to spend big money to build big ships to throw away due to poor war doctrine.
Let's pretend instead that ram is just a ton of armor at the frontal nose of the vessel, and all the power of the vessel is shifted to forward, starboard and port firing batteries, while still maintaining its other attributes as a massive ship that can advance and threaten certain vessels in a traditional battle-line formation. Let's multiply the amount of guns the Cataclysms have by 3 or 4. Assuming they have the heaviest guns available, that's a lot of firepower they can use to obliterate any vessel they need to.
They can choose to sit at the back carefully sniping any large ship that comes into their violet kill radius (defensive, holding territory and not pushing the offensive because there may not be anything to gain or they can lose things if they aren't sitting in an exact spot), or they can gradually move forward to extend their kill radius (highly aggressive, usually for invasion formats). If anyone enters and they're the greatest possible threat in that kill radius to the Hegemony fleet, the Cataclysm-class dreadnought can turn to adjust all its batteries to be able to fire forward and then kill anything in its direct line of sight. That's even scarier than being rammed. You cannot enter a zone of control the Cataclysm exists in, or it focuses all its firepower upon your vessel and you die in minutes. There's a lot of options and creativity you can exert with this as a fleet admiral on the Hegemony's side, such as being able to manuever and turn to increase its activity in a fleet engagement. You can't flank the dreadnought in this scenario because it has support vessels to relay such manuevers the enemy is trying to pull, and will either cover the Cataclysm's blind spot angles or the Cataclysm itself can readjust to kill the flanking vessel itself.
The only options the Alliance battle cluster has in this situation is to sit pretty and do nothing, because advancing or flanking is suicidal, and retreating may not be an option if they were ordered to sit in the spot they're in.
The options the Hegemony have are much more numerous in this situation. They can do far more while taking little damage in consequence in this hypothetical scenario that the Cataclysm is about as well armed as 5 battleships combined. This time, should it ever need to advance, it will very quickly destroy any large target in sight with very little concern about being flanked at any side. And the Alliance legitimately cannot plan around this in a straight-up fight, they will lose no matter what they try in this alternate canon situation where the dreadnought is about as well armed as a super-dreadnought would be in any other sci-fantasy/sci-fiction.
Tl;dr, the Cataclysm as-is is a bit of a weak vehicle for story-telling because certain elements intrinsic to trying to make itself seem cool and interesting, but end up downplaying itself due to how flawed the reasoning is for its own traits existing the way it is. It's a dangerous one-trick pony manuever on a nearly priceless command ship. I dislike the idea that the Hegemony cares so little for casualties on their side so long as they creamed at least one ship with its ramming manuever. They're not even 'behind' humanity on the technological level, they're just as advanced. But this is just a singular example of why their critical thinking is flawed when it really should not be, as it portrays them as more foolish than they should be. It puts them in the awkward trope where they're only playing at war and don't fully understand it, despite that their historical precedent shows that they should know it just as well as humanity does.
Some of this should be trimmed back so that the Hegemony has an image of being competent and a potential threat to the rest of the galaxy. And they should have good reasons for that, so that anytime they're mentioned they aren't treated as a joke and their presence is genuinely taken seriously.
1 hour ago, Scheveningen said:
That's fine. I just believe the ship classes should be ordered in a sense that their purpose reflects their name but they maintain themselves as standardized ways to designate ship classes
The function of each ship class is standardized and generalized. The only functional use of this page is for reference for a loredev writing an article about a space battle, or a player wanting to reference for their personal roleplay or tabletop.
My issue with the Cataclysm-class vessels is that they seem to possess the role of "command ship" in that a Fleet Admiral is always at the helm of one of them, but rather than being designed to ensure the longevity and constant scariness of the craft for hundreds of years to come, [it leads from the front and engages in direct combat]
The metaphors and synergy with the species' general aesthetic is more important than specific battle plans. The Unathi are CQC focused and therefore their navy is about being big, bad, and aggressive. Tajara are about kiting, so their naval strategy revolves around asymmetrical hit and run warfare. The Alliance is a bloated, sprawling empire, and therefore their fleets are about overwhelming firepower (or the projection of such.)
Each plays off each other and interacts with each other in different ways.
It puts them in the awkward trope where they're only playing at war and don't fully understand it,
No it doesn't.
https://wiki.aurorastation.org/index.php?title=Unathi_Military_Structure#Space_Warfare

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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African Americans, Chinese Immigrants, John Chinaman/Confucius
"Civilization of Blaine" 1879
April 8, 2014 Michele Walfred	4 Comments
The Civilization of Blaine by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly, 8 March 1879. Source: UDel-Walfred
On March 8, 1979, Nast placed James G.Blaine front and center Harper's cover with The Civilization of Blaine. A distinguished Blaine is seen at ground level receiving the attention of a subordinate, subservient African American. The black man's posture is weak. Attired in country clothes, he crouches and cowers with a defensive grin on his face. He has the demeanor of a beaten dog approaching his master. He does not look the white politician in the eye. In his right hand, he clutches "A Vote" and offers this almost obediently to Blaine.
His right leg is drawn up, nervously rubbing the front of his right foot against the back of his left trouser, as if to polish it in the presence of greatness. Blaine's left shoe tramples on the "Burlingame Treaty."
As with most of Nast's villains, Blaine's face is not distorted or caricatured. Nast wanted him recognized and consistently depicted Blaine's facial features realistically in his cartoons. Like Tweed, Nast rarely deviated from a famous face once it had been established as a character. His victim's bodies, on the other hand, felt the weapon of distortion, but the face never!
In the background and elevated by a storefront step, a Chinese merchant emerges from his store. Nast assigns dignity to this merchant. Nast introduces him as a Chinese diplomat, often referred to as "John Confucius" or "John Chinaman" (the terms are interchangeable) in Nast's cartoons. It is an important distinction to note, that in Nast's catalog of images, he pulled from his personal supply of default or stock characters who served a specific purpose.
Some might argue that "John" perpetuates a stereotype. In almost every instance where John appears, he does so in the same manner as Columbia or Uncle Sam, figures in Nast cartoons who represent either a government or national virtues. They are figures, whom by their expression or stance, often provide admonition or displeasure to the scene of injustice they are witnessing. Nast could and did draw Chinese in any number of ways, and some of these are not flattering. "John Chinaman" or "John Confucius" never really changes. His inclusion is purposeful. He is Nast's relied-upon figure of dignity and outrage toward injustice.
The merchant assumes the elevated position in the drawing. He is on the right, figuratively and morally. The injustice is on the left. The merchant is not shabbily dressed. Interestingly, his hair, though long, is not braided into the queue, which factors in most of Nast's cartoons of the Chinese. It is a subtle change for Nast to utilize. John is wearing a hat, a crown if you will, a piece of clothing that imparts respect, formality, and distinction. This further validates his dual role as a local merchant and as a representative of the Chinese. His people will be affected by adherence to the treaty that Blaine is obligated, as a U.S. Senator, to protect. John's arms are slightly outstretched as if encountering a surprise and ready to protest. At the right of his storefront is a sampling of the wares — the teas, silks, china and carvings that had been for years, favored art pieces of in Caucasian homes, bought and placed in homes "as signs of American aesthetic acumen and refinement" (Lenore-Chen 2).
Blaine senses the approach of John Confucius and waves him back with an extended left hand. Blaine's face is slightly cocked, and his eyes avert to the left as the Chinese merchant approaches from behind. Blaine's expression is clearly one that intends to discard the Chinese merchant completely, as if to say, "Stay where you are–do not interfere here." Nast speaks for John Confucius (for his mouth is drawn shut) so the audience can ponder his question placed in the caption, "Am I not a Man and a Brother!"
The cartoon and caption echo an earlier post-Civil War illustration Nast had drawn to advocate on behalf of and provoke emotion for Negro suffrage. Nast's 1865 illustration "And Not This Man? "shows Columbia resplendent in American symbolism, arguing for the admission of a wounded Negro Union soldier into the American family.
Nast's experiences and other images he drew on behalf of civil rights had a cumulative and successful effect. "Nast's sensitivity to the rights of minority Americans would extend to others besides the embattled freedmen" (Keller 107). Nast would never draw African Americans again with the same dignity as this early drawing. However, by evoking the same sentiment, this time on behalf of the Chinese, Nast might have hoped that his pen would wield influential once more on the national consciousness.
These aspirations were misplaced. With each election in the 1870's, the Democratic Party gained inroads and influence, courting the votes and catering to the demands of a growing white, male labor force comprised of first and second- generation immigrants. "The loss of Republican purity was a loss of Republican power" (Keller 281). Politicians and public sentiment were drifting away from Nast. But Nast and Harper's Weekly would not give up on minorities. "The Chinese and the Indians, in particular, came under his protective wing" (Keller 107).
1879BlaineBurlingame TreatyChinese ExclusionJohn Confucius/Chinamanmerchant
Chinese Labor, Labor
"Protecting White Labor" 1879
April 2, 2014 Michele Walfred	1 Comment
Protecting White Labor. 22 March 19-879 by Thomas Nast. Source: UDel-Walfred
Republican presidential candidate James G. Blaine visited California in a bid to swell support for his nomination as the 1880 presidential Republican candidate.
Blaine stands front and center alongside an "intelligent workman" and Blaine is clearly affronted, if not shocked by the man's reasonable and mild sentiment expressed in the caption which reads, "Intelligent Workman. "You need not plead my cause and my children's. I am able, and always have been, to take care of myself and mine; and no large military force is necessary to keep the peace, for real working-men are not rioters, strikers, and blowers."
The worker is a butcher. He stands in front of an alley. On his side of the wall, posters declare that he and his non-violent colleagues feel that their products, wares, foods, and services speak for themselves. The quality of their goods and services stand up and can be matched in comparison. They are not threatened by competition.
Underneath these declarations, a statement from Wong A.R. Chong, express an opinion that merchants who are failing, have only themselves to blame.
Detail of trampled Burlingame Treaty
Blaine appears indignant at the butcher's overtures. In Blaine's hands and under his feet are torn remnants of the Burlingame Treaty, federal legislation enacted in 1868 to protect Chinese immigrants in America. As if to prompt Blaine to reconsider, the butcher gently rests one of his hands upon Blane's hand. Blaine will have none of it. The Senator from Maine will not listen to reason. To advance his political future, Blaine will repeat the ripe political vitriol stirred by the Sand Lot speaker and anti-Chinese agitator Denis Kearney and Workingmen's Party whom Kearney inspired.
Kearney and his Workingmen's Party are represented on the right side of the wall to the alley entrance. Angry men emerge from "Hoodlum Alley" and the Sand Lots located within and are visible in the center background.
No Chinese individuals are depicted in the cartoon. The rallied workingmen carry sticks and wear guns. The declarations on their side of the wall voice their platform,
In the interest of peace and good government, the president must sign the anti-Chinese bill as it is the only means that will prevent a terrible calamity and the utter annihilation of the Chinese, which is sure to follow the veto of the bill. But whatever happens the Chinese Must Go! Denis Kearney.
The cover image is a severe indictment against Blaine. Nast does not feel it is necessary to show victimization of the Chinese. Nast places a confident, equal intelligent man directly in Blaine's path. The hands of this intelligent laborer's gesture and his request for Blaine's comprehension of a more common sense approach is met with shock and disdain. Blaine's body language suggests he is surprised, and in a bit of a huff. He did not expect this reaction from the butcher. The butcher represents reason, while the Workingmen's Party represents Sinophobic hysteria.
1879BlaineBurlingame TreatyChineseChinese ExclusionDenis Kearneysandlots
African Americans, Chinese Exclusion, Chinese Immigrants, Chinese Labor
""The Nigger Must Go" and "The Chinese Must Go"" 1879
For this 1879 cover, Nast used his signature technique of division and created an image with two clear sides, regions or points of view. The title reflects the state of two unwanted American ethnicities residing in America. Often Nast employed visual division for contrast, but here, the African American in the South and the Chinese man in the West share a similar dilemma – pawns in a volatile debate regarding their right to vote, access to work, and be accepted into the larger American society.
The placement of Nast's signature is also interesting. With ample room to place his traditional Th.Nast to the left or right, as was his practice, he centers his sign off and allows it to be divided, the only time in a cartoon that it is halved. In this image, he is equally sympathetic to the African American and the Chinese American.
Nast's cartoon reacts to two noteworthy election-related acts of violence which took place on both coasts. In each case mob violence shaped the outcome of the election.
With their backs facing each other, an African American on the left and a Chinese man on the right find their home region hostile. The men grimly walk away in a direction other than their point of origin.
Signage on the wall (a favorite technique of Nast's) indicates that mob rule influenced election results in Yazoo, Mississippi and San Francisco, California respectively. The cartoon and accompanying Harper's editorial voiced displeasure at the election results manipulated by violent methods.
With the ratification Fifteenth Amendment of 1870, the United States conferred voting rights to African Americans. Yet among the majority of many Southern Democrats, the legitimacy or permanence of black suffrage was not widely supported in southern Democratic circles. Leadership in the Democratic Party believed in white supremacy and sought to control labor, particularly in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South (Foner 421).
Plantation owners also looked to punish African American labor and reduce dependence on black labor's earning power and manipulated their access to jobs by encouraging Chinese and other immigrant labor to apply for jobs normally filled by blacks. One Alabama newspaper appealed to Irish and German immigrants to earn $10 a month on the farms. "Even more attractive were indentured laborers from China, whose "natural" docility would bolster plantation discipline and whose arrival, by flooding the labor market, would reduce the wages of blacks" (Foner 419).
Violence in Mississippi
Captain H.M. Dixon, referred to by Nast on the wall notices, was a reformist Democrat who ran for office as Sheriff of Yazoo City, Mississippi. His opponent was the Democratic favorite, James Barksdale. Harper's commented,
"An armed and drunken mob compelled Dixon to withdraw.
Some time afterward, upon going into Yazoo City, he was met by James Barksdale, the Democratic candidate for Chancery Clerk, who hailed him, and stepped into the street armed with a double-barrelled shot-gun. Dixon drew a pistol, but Barksdale fired and killed him."
Harper's lamented on their prediction that election thuggery and violence would become the norm in the South, usurping federal law.
Nast's wall posters brand Dixon a hero, "the bravest of the brave" against the bull-dozing, albeit successful efforts of mob rule,
A dejected African American laborer carries his meager belongings in a knapsack as he stands in front of a scene of violence. His attire is clean, complete, modest, but dignified. There are no patches or holes in the clothing. By his appearance, he has been able to work and afford certain refinements. He finishes off his shirt with an informal kerchief tie. Now displaced from his job, he pulls the brim of his hat over his eyes to assure a quiet escape from a location where he is no longer wanted. Beyond the wall, a pair of feet from an unknown victim can be seen. In his frame, Nast places the African American in an adversarial position to the Chinese man. But this Chinese man does not appear to seek southern employment. His destination is unknown.
Difficult Problems Solving Themselves, Harper's Weekly, March 18, 1879, Library of Congress
Unlike Difficult Problems Solving Themselves, seen left, the figures with their back against the other have a specific direction and goal before them.
Like the African American, the Chinese man is drawn in profile, in front of the melodrama of Irish-born Denis Kearney's Sand Lot speeches and Workingmen's proclamations that "The Chinese Must Go." Nast's Chinese man bears a somber expression, his one hand clutches an open fan, the other hand dangles like a claw in mid-air. Nast's chides Kalloch's religious background by couching the anti-Chinese rhetoric as a prayer, mocking the legitimacy of Kalloch's divine appeal, "We Thank Thee, Oh Lord, That the Chinese Must Go."
Violence in San Francisco
Ongoing anti-Chinese hysteria fueled the debate to exclude or greatly restrict a Chinese labor presence in California. The Rev. Isaacs S. Kalloch, a Baptist preacher, and candidate for Mayor of San Francisco was an outspoken Democrat and ally of Denis Kearney, Sand Lot instigator who coined and championed the phrase "The Chinese Must Go" throughout the country, but most effectively in California. With this alliance secured, Kalloch confidently counted on Kearney's followers to win him the election.
Prior to the Civil War, Republicans had dominated local California politics. A charismatic and motivational speaker, Kearney and his Workingmen's multitude hammered away at public opinion and ultimately tipped the balance away from Republicans. Once Democrats controlled the legislature, anti-Chinese legislation proliferated and factored into a revision of the California state constitution in 1878.
Charles M. De Young, co-founder and managing editor of The San Francisco Chronicle and ardent capitalist, appreciated the value of Chinese labor and advocated against the revised California Constitution. De Young sided with Kalloch's opponent. De Young had originally aligned with Kearney but despised the Irishman's penchant for violent tactics and soon broke off the friendship. De Young considered the Workingmen's Party platform as anti-business, De Young and a small group of capitalists and monopolists, whom Kearney called "The Honorable Bilks" grew more vocal against Kearney's platform to drive the Chinese out of California. De Young wanted the Chinese to remain.. It was good business.
De Young discovered that Kalloch had only recently shifted his position against the Chinese. Despite his recent conversion to Kearney, Kalloch was a charismatic and effective candidate. "Kalloch's growing legion of followers hung on his every word" (West 23).
This worried De Young. He considered both Kearney and Kalloch as threats. With the power of the press behind him, De Young had learned that Kalloch left behind a "checkered past" in the East, and delighted in exposing the news. De Young published salacious rumors about Kalloch's background. Kalloch retaliated. The scorching rhetoric went back and forth and continued for weeks. When Kalloch stated that De Young's mother ran a brothel, De Young unraveled and shot Kalloch. "The attempt at ending Kalloch's life instead gave added energy to his candidacy" and Kalloch survived and won the election (West 24).
De Young went into hiding for a short while and with his influence, avoided prosecution for attempted murder. Undaunted, he continued to assault Kalloch in the columns of the Chronicle. Kalloch's son, incensed by the murder attempt and continued vitriol toward his father entered the offices of the Chronicle, found and killed Charles De Young. Kalloch's son was not prosecuted for murder.
The front cover with the placards containing hateful vitriol was Nast and Harper's reminder to the public that America was a very different place outside New York City.
1879African AmericansBarksdaleChinese Exclusionde youngDenis KearneyDixonelectionskallochmob violencesandlotsYazoo
Chinese Stereotypes, John Chinaman/Confucius, Native Americans, Thomas Nast
"Every Dog (No Distinction of Color) Has His Day" 1879
"Every Dog (No Distinction of Color) Has Its Day" by Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly
Nast drew numerous cartoons sympathetic to the Chinese in reaction to unfolding events in California. In Every Dog (No Distinction of Color) Has His Day, February 8, 1879, Nast drew attention to a disturbing shift in anti-Chinese sentiment, but he does so at the expense of the Negro (Keller 107).
Nast features a male Native American (Red Gentleman) and Chinese (Yellow Gentleman) standing as they consider a wall of seven placards espousing various sources of nativist sentiment. The Native American, driven out of his East Coast territories in the early nineteenth century is forced to move westward and encounters a Chinese man somewhere in the middle of the United States. Each is being forced to live in new areas as a result of racial prejudice. At the stop, he warns the Chinese man that it is now his turn to be uprooted from the West to the East. The caption reads: "Red Gentlemen to Yellow Gentleman. Pale face, 'fraid you crowd him out, as he did me."
Behind the two men is a classic Nast device of using public declarations – proclamations of prejudice and hate speech plastered on a wall for public viewing. At the top of the wall, a simple illustration shows a feathered man with a tomahawk fleeing westward, barely ahead of a U.S. railroad engine at his heels.
Conversely, in the sketch directly below, a Chinese man flees with such urgency that his queue is propelled airborne at a 45-degree angle. He beats a drum of "cheap labor" as he tries to catch up to an Atlantic-bound steam engine.
Six other wall posters pronounce prevailing and growing political sentiment brewing from coast to coast. The notices call attention to an overall fear of foreigners and Irish illiteracy. Nast wants his readers to see the variety of vitriol that exists. He sarcastically turns the meaning of the secretive nativist society, 'Know Nothingism' as braggarts of ignorance. Those who were once oppressed (Irish) are now the oppressors. Nast tucks his signature right below the bottom right sign. The history of Know Nothings' ignorance repeats. Once, the nativist society had proclaimed "Down with the Irish," and "Down with the Dutch." Now, the current Irish have organized, risen in rank and political power, and now eschew the same behavior and techniques of their Know Nothing oppressors from the past. Only the victims have changed. German demands for a "bier" government round out the cluster of declarations. Most are proudly signed by their purveyors: "'Down on the Nigger," "K.K.K." and "'The Chinese Must Go. Kearney (A real American)." Denis Kearney (an Irish immigrant) as a real American is Nast's ironic reminder of the Irish-born instigator and white-labor organizer who shouted the loudest, and most effectively, that "The Chinese Must Go."
The largest and most prominent poster in the cartoon addresses the "Chinese Problem" and its solution–highlights of a proposed law prohibiting Chinese immigration to the United States. This would become the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in May 1882.
The two gentlemen read the writing on the wall. The feathered Native American "Red Gentleman" scratches his chin. He's seen this all before–he has lived it. Driven from his native East Coast lands he has walked the Trail of Tears. A blanket drapes his upper body covering a hump that suggests he carries and travels with most of his belongings and is a nomad in his native country. In his hand, he holds a peace pipe which he is ready to extend to the "Yellow Gentleman." The Chinese man is styled as a diplomat, the same "John Confucius" character seen in the Civilization of Blaine. His eyes are fixed on the pending legislation that is advertised front and center. His face shows concern and his arms are folded in defiance, enveloping his long queue close to the front of his chest. He is embracing his culture and identity. Hanging low in his left hand is a western-styled pipe (not an opium vessel). Both men are wearing their cultural dress–a dignified, if not a purposeful use of stereotype.
Among the many stereotypes that prevailed about Chinese people, Americans considered Chinese men docile and easily manipulated. Therefore, employers believed the Chinese performed as ideal workers for capitalist interests. In this cartoon, Nast creates a different character, a man who does not readily accept his limited options. The Chinese man is serious as he reflects and weighs his future plans.
Curiously, off to the left and in the background an African American relaxes against a wall on which is scrawled "My day is coming." The black man is minimized and not part of the larger debate commanding the discussion at hand. An early champion of abolition and the African American vote, by 1879 Nast no longer considered the African American an equal partner in the minority rights debate. After winning a hard-fought battle for abolition and civil rights, which included suffrage, Nast is angry by failed Reconstruction policies of the Republican Party. Nast believed the African Americans as a group, too easily compromised their gains to southern politicians who did not have their best interest at heart. Nast, therefore, draws the African American kicking back, one leg resting over a knee; head tipped down, with a carefree grin on his face, content to allow the politicians to oppress other minorities. Nast felt this turn of events was a breach of the hope and integrity once reflected within the values of early progressive Republicans. Nast's subsequent drawings of African Americans would never again possess the dignity that embodied his original Utopian vision seen in the "Emancipation of Negroes."
1879African AmericansChChineseDenis KearneyNative Americans
Chinese Exclusion, Chinese Immigrants, Irish Americans, Irish Stereotype, Labor
"Blaine Language" 1879
Image March 3, 2014 Michele Walfred 3 Comments
"Blaine Language" by Thomas Nast, 15, March 1879
The labor question was uppermost in the publics' mind during the latter 1870's. It was a political question. Nast chided Republican Senator from Maine, James G. Blaine, for his willingness to forgo promises made to the Chinese with the Burlingame Treaty, in order to secure a Chinese Exclusion measure (Paine 412)
Blaine was a three-time presidential hopeful. With corrupt scandals of the Grant administration surfacing and swirling in political circles, and with no signs of public sentiment shifting in favor of the Chinese, Blaine courted Democratic voters and advocated for a revision of the 1868 Burlingame Treaty. The treaty was the product of negotiations between the Chinese Six Companies, "the most important association representing the Chinese community and the federal government" (Takaki, 113).
The more groundbreaking articles of the treaty included measures that promised the Chinese the right to free immigration and travel within the United States, and allowed for the protection of Chinese citizens in the United States in accordance with the most-favored-nation principle" (U.S. State Dept.). The treaty was "a major victory for the Chinese" (Takaki 114).
Republican politicians who wavered and bowed to the growing anti-Chinese mob pressure alarmed the artist. "Nast never had the slightest sympathy with any sort of organization or movement that did not mean the complete and absolute right of property ownership, as well as the permission to labor, accorded to every human being of whatsoever color or race. His first real antagonism to James G. Blaine began with the latter's advocacy of Chinese Exclusion" (Paine 386).
Nast viewed the attempts to abrogate the treaty, and Blaine's role in that shift, as deplorable and an unforgivable breach in Republican values. As Nast's biographer points out, Nast frequently lampooned Blaine in order to expose his hypocrisy, a reality that made Blaine "heartsick" given his national ambitions. Nast was for Blaine, a painfully persistent pest.
Blaine was all too aware that Nast's sphere of influence on the electorate was wide. Nast relished exposing Blaine's hypocrisy. Nast's fixation on Blaine was unrelenting, nearly equaling his Tweed/Tammany days. The adverse attention worried Blaine, who "attempted to explain and to justify his position, but the artist could see in the Chinese immigrant only a man and a brother, trying to make a living in a quiet and peaceful manner in a country that was big enough for all" (Paine, 413).
The cartoon also capitalized on the popularity of a popular 1870 poem, Bret Harte's "Plain Language from Truthful James," with Nast exploiting James Blaine as Harte's fearful and deeply suspicious character.
Blaine is seen center at the top of an equal rights podium, welcoming an Irishman on right, and giving him space on the platform by kicking off a Chinese worker. The irony that both ethnic groups arrived in the U.S. to flee famine, was not lost on Nast. All of the accusations leveled at the Irish by Protestants, e.g. cult religion, large numbers (hordes) of poor and diseased people of a different race (the Irish were thought to be of a different race) who would ruin and dilute American culture, and an unwillingness to assimilate, became the exact charges the Irish leveled against the Chinese.
1879BlaineBrete HarteChinese ExclusionIrish and Chinese
Chinese Immigrants, Chinese Labor, George Frederick Keller, The San Francisco Illustrated Wasp
"The Balky Team" – 16 February, 1879
February 14, 2014 Michele Walfred	Leave a comment
"The Balky Team" 16 February 1879 by George Frederick Keller
Like Nast,The Burlingame Treaty factored as an ingredient in Keller's work. In The Balky Team on February 16, 1879, the treaty is represented as a small boulder, an obstacle to be overcome with the concerted efforts of the united horsepower trio named Common Sense, California Press, and the Workingmen's Party. But there is trouble in the mix—some powers of influence–the horses representing the Chinese Missionaries, a "balky" Eastern Press and Capital, resist the plodding ahead to export sinister looking Chinese, bundled as cargo, back to China. Uncle Sam warns the wagon master, a wasp (the magazine's mascot), to get his team in order. Only a unified purpose can achieve progress beyond "puritanical notions" of East Coast sentiments.
The Wasp editor reveled in the reviews from California papers that called this an "excellent cartoon" that depicted The Wasp's efforts to haul the entire Chinese population out of the country. "It is a source of no small gratification" the editors wrote. "The Wasp is creating a sensation in newspaper circles" (The Wasp, Feb. 16, 1878).
Keller employed effective techniques such as animal symbolism to manipulate public sentiment. Keller may have borrowed a lesson or two from Nast. Nast was featured and lampooned a few times in The Wasp. When asked if Nast influenced Keller, Richard Samuel West responded,
"I'm sure you are right that Keller was looking at Nast's work (and Puck), but I very much doubt Nast saw anything but a random cartoon from The Wasp. It was not available on New York newsstands. There is one Keller cartoon from the spring of 1880 in which he drew Nast and Puck (with their hair in queues) going through San Francisco's garbage. That's the only cartoon that comes to mind where Keller and The Wasp explicitly commented on their New York rivals. (West email)
1879animal symbolismAnti-Chinese CartoonsCaliforniaChinese ExclusionGeorge KellersinophobiaThe WaspUncle Sam
African Americans, Chinese Exclusion, Chinese Immigrants
"Difficult Problems Solving Themselves" 1879
December 3, 2013 Michele Walfred	2 Comments
Modern sensibilities and commentary have at times criticized Nast's "John Chinaman" or "John Confucius" representation as an example of Chinese stereotype. Certainly, Nast could have varied facial expressions and dress. Many Chinese in America had assimilated, particularly in New York City and other East Coast port cities. In repeating his imagery, one might argue that Nast helped to perpetuate and anchor the stereotype which stressed their exotic dress and long hair. For Nast, it was likely a combination of artful economy and providing a recognizable figure for general public identification.
Difficult Problems Solving Themselves shows the balance of Nast's work and his intention to portray the Chinese in a fair, if not superior light. Here, John Chinaman is leaning against a directional signpost pointing eastward. He is literate. He is reading, in English, the San Francisco Hoodlum's headline cries to "Go East Young MAN." He is juxtaposed against another victim of racial discrimination, "A. Freedman" an African American forced or bull-dozed to move westward. Alongside the African American is a mother covered in a shawl and holding a young infant. Alongside of her, is a young boy. The woman and two children appear to be white. The older child appears to wear a tunic instead of a western-style shirt and pants. On his head is a white kufi, a traditional Islamic head covering for males.
The signpost divides the scene and the two travel paths dominate the cartoon. Unlike a regular signpost buried in the ground, this post emerges from roots. The division is firmly planted in the American soil. The signpost occupies the middle ground and blocks compromise. The post is is deeply rooted, like a tree.
In splitting the image the signpost depicts a nation with strong and divided social and political ideologies. The Chinese man's queue runs parallel to the embedded signpost, and is nearly as long, suggesting a cultural devotion to the queue, but Nast acknowledges the hairstyle's divisive role in separating Chinese from American. Both African American and Chinese travel toward a region of promise, but the stark reality is that each is merely switching locations with the other. While buildings in the background offer a "welcome" it is unlikely that any region purging one non-white race will likely accept another.
This image could be indicative of a pattern where Nast places his signature in a cartoon and what that placement might suggest. Instead of signing in ample blanks spaces to the left or to the right, Nast signs his work vertically up the signpost. It is the most neutral location and likely purposeful, since it is atypical of Nast's usual signature placement. See ""The Nigger Must Go" and "The Chinese Must Go""
1879African AmericansChineseChinese ExclusionIslamNast signatureThomas Nast


the salsa really compliment the marinade! Pairs perfectly with rice and a nice chopped salad.
combine all of the ingredients for the chicken (except for the chicken) and blend until smooth.
Place the chicken in non-reactive dish, pouring the marinade over and turning to coat. Let sit for 10-15 minutes. If you have the time, the chicken can be marinated overnight, covered. Remove the chicken from the marinade, shake off excess marinade and place on grill racks that have been coated with oil or spray. Give the chicken a quick baste with the marinade and discard the rest of the marinade. Grill the chicken for about 7-8 minutes and flip, cooking for another 7- 8 minutes or until the chicken has reached an internal temperature of 165. Chicken thighs are pretty hard to overcook so don't worry if the thighs are on the grill longer than not!
*Please note that the skin can be removed from the thighs for a healthier version of this dish.
Just remove the skin before marinating!
adjust seasoning with the rice wine vinegar if needed. Serve with the chicken.


December 14, 2016 Football, Jodie Wagner.
Pahokee coach Orson Walkes and King's Academy coach Keith Allen went a combined 25-0 with two championships this season.
Wednesday, they were recognized by the Florida Dairy Farmers for their achievements.
Walkes, who led the Blue Devils to the Class 1A state championship and a 14-0 season, was named the Class 1A Coach of the Year following balloting by a statewide panel of high school football coaches and prep media representatives.
Allen, who led the Lions to the Southeastern Football Conference championship and an 11-0 overall record, was named the Independent Coach of the Year.
They will compete with seven other coaches – one per classification – for Florida Dairy Farmers' Football Coach of the Year.


text:
Yishu, Vancouver/CA, 08 Feb 2014, Zhang Enli's Space Painting
"Do not listen with the cars, listen with the mind... Emptiness is the fasting of the mind." -Zhuangzi
For his first UK commission of Space Painting—part of an ongoing scries previously shown at Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2012, Sixth Curitiba Biennale 2011.and the Gwangju Biennale 2010, with similar iterations occurring in between—Zhang Enli stretches London's Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) theatre like a canvas and covers its walls with performative brush strokes that according to the artist evoke the city's colours.
Born in the province of Jilin, China, Zhang Enli creates paintings that reposition the prosaic that is found in the everyday. Often depicting objects in his studio such as buckets, pans, light bulbs, or beds, Zhang Enli visually extracts the mundane aspects of the object and nudges it toward what Walter Benjamin describes as its aura. Through loose brushwork in thin washes of oil paint, Zhang Enli articulates the experience of the object, where each melancholic stroke seemingly characterizes its faint memories— suggestive, soft, and quickly fading.
Although seemingly different at first glance from his previous paintings on canvas. Zhang Enli's Space Painting continues to uncover the inherent memory of structures through painting. Here, he works within a physical space and repositions its architectural framework by mapping its surfaces in a full gestural performance of walcrcolour. The artist spent several days transforming the space, and the work's durational aspect is translated to the viewer by the sheer volume of paint.
Alluding to the flurry of brush strokes that leaves the entirety of the space covered in a newly crafted skin. Zhang Enli describes the work as returning to "the most primitive state of painting." Its colours, running tangentially across the wall creates a cave-like atmosphere, the palette conjures up a prehistoric condition, a return to the wall as a recording device. Upon entering the theatre, the viewer is caught in a whirlwind of colour and motion. By creating an immersive environment of paint, the viewer is bound by no formal structure or recognizable object. The ICA theatre is now the corpus of the museum.
The viewer also enters into a visu.il conversation with the perspectival techniques used in painting. At first, Zhang Enli seems to decent re the viewer, repositioning the relation of his or her body to the painting, and he submerges the visual horizon into a sea of colour, confronting the traditional experience of viewing a painting. But further reflection upon semi-transparent layers of watercolour, Zhang Enli points to a network of continuities between the domains of architecture, sculpture, space, and painting. While Space Painiing situates itself between painting and architecture, it is neither on canvas nor simply on the wall—Space Painting occupies an area that embraces both. This deviation into fields of architecture and painting also resonates with the artistic movements of the 1960s and 70s thai saw sculpture move into an expanded field between architecture and land art.
Since Zhang Enli's move from the small provincial town of Jilin City, in the north of China, to Shanghai, he has described himself as becoming more sensitive to his surroundings and the rapid development of cities and space through the context of their interiors. His awareness of internal structural change is exemplified by an exploration of gallery interiors, a space that is constantly in flux due to the tempo of changing exhibitions.
With each narrative brushstroke, Zhang Enli constructs a visual and psychological stage for the protagonist to perform in. The theatrics of the work are framed by the distinctive stage lighting in the ICA theatre. The visual impact of the work is not consistent; in some areas of the room it is luminous, bathed in a warm glow, and in other areas mute and darkened. Countless movements are embedded in the application of paint that fills the room with an abstract expressionist rhythm that blends with an almost traditional Chinese ink wash painting style. Motion, action, and presence build the foundations that support the viewer's experience. Through a performativity that builds upon the existing architecture of the theatre, the room is orchestrated and outlined, thus creating an all-consuming structure that is activated upon the viewer entering the work. As in viewing a sculpture, one must physically move in relation to the piece, maneuvering around its borders and edges to gather a fuller perspective.
The material physicality of the space is drawn out by every brushstroke, and Zhang Enli exposes the constructed traces of the building's architecture that is his canvas. Situated within the Institute of Contemporary Arts, which annually houses a number of contemporary art exhibitions, the work stands in a paradoxical relationship to its host space as it calls for a moment of stillness by the application of paint in a venue that is constantly reshaping its appearance in search of the contemporary. Thus a sense of impermanence comes into play, something the artist demonstrates keen awareness of when he states, These works are painted over when the exhibition ends, and the exhibition only becomes a memory." Zhang Enli paints to mediate the passing of time in space, seizing the interior in the present and, for a moment, pausing the continuous cycle of the theatre's programming.
Unlike Zhang Enli's installation Circulez! Il n'ya rien a voir (2007), a collaboration with Moshekwa Langa, which saw a much more controlled mapping of an architectural space through the tracing of fictional elements of furniture through paint—electrical outlets, shelves, and other objects— Space Painting was created using a more open process, one that involved less restraint and concentrated focus, and it explores a different type of memory tracing. Moreover, Space Painting doesn't seek to completely erase or overwrite the space—as is evident in the transparency of Zhang Enli's thinly applied watercolour—whereas in Circulez! Il n'y a rien a voir, he highlights the shadowy outlines of the domestic objects that may have once occupied the space, providing the vestige of a human presence that lingers on the gallery walls.
Zhang Enli draws the viewer's attention to the subtle structural elements that indicate an experience composed by the leveling of materials used to construct space, in which concrete, wood, and plaster are now all equalized
under the veil of the medium of paint. Contracted and expanded again, the depth of the theatre is altered with every step as the viewer moves through it. At times seemingly flattened, the once well-defined corners of walls are ironed out by the gravity of watcrcolour.
The concept of Space Painting allows the artist and viewer to explore the space together. The artist may not be physically present, but his hand is. Remnants of Zhang Enli's presence in the process of making this work remain for the viewer to visually follow. An image-based mapping of his motions through the space, with each mark left by the artist acting as a secondary infrastructure, supports both the sub-narrative of the theatre and a self-determined sovereignty.
This investigation of presence and absence also corresponds to past works such as A Corner of Studio (2011) or Art Museum (2006), where the underlying relationship between space and canvas is still haunted by the distinct lack of human presence. In these works the viewer's presence is often absorbed into Zhang Enli's intimate spaces of appreciation for the everyday. Unlike Space Painting, these canvases are mounted onto gallery walls, where we reexamine their relationship to the interior of the gallery, an act that seems to also double as a reflexive antidote to the spaces depicted. This mise en abyme-like experience is one that is further expanded upon within Space Painting. By contemplating the absence of any human presence in such works, one becomes susceptible to an expression that is space-oriented, in which space is given its own independence and autonomy, one that is beyond the perception of the viewer. Zhang Enli seems to identify elements of transformation in space by articulating the interior as an object in itself, an act that was also mentioned in Ikon Gallery's 2009 press release: The object becomes paint and the process of painting mediates the artist's communion with the object. It is no longer a question of a 'surrounding' world; the object and the observer arc the same."
Space Painting creates a static space to contemplate the mass development of urban infrastructure, in both China and abroad. As cities overdevelop, and with each skyscraper that is constructed, a sense of the past is erased. Bringing this sense of loss to mind, Zhang Enli offers a comment that is temporary and will eventually be blacked out and painted over. Space Painting also reminds the viewer that it is not just a building's exterior that is altered during urban renewal, but also its interior. Through experiencing Zhang Enli's constructed interior, the audience is made aware of the rapid change and transformation that an institution such as the ICA goes through several times a year. Pointing to interiors as a measure of change, Zhang Enli utilizes a medium that remains constant, using painting to start a conversation about permanence and impermanence—not only of the interior but of painting itself. In our age of rapid image making and the sharing of software, where apps and social platforms are increasingly changing the way we interact with our physical interiors, one wonders how the passive reception of images affects a new generation of gallery goers as they interact with painting. Space Painting is a pictorial proposition for the perseverance of the medium of paint in the expanding field of contemporary art. In a time where the motionless image can lose its way in the labyrinth of the new media, permanence is perhaps an idea to be tested in a space that relies on an impermanent experience. Only when immersed in the environment that Zhang Enli has created is the viewer then aware that development and change is constant, and, like memories, exhibitions are there to be experienced, then wiped clean again with the passing of the new.
by Victor Wang
Related Artists: ZHANG ENLI 张恩利
Related Exhibitions:
Space Painting 10.16, 2013


text:
Q: Multiline mode in Regex not performing according to documentation According to the .Net Standard:

The RegexOptions.Multiline option, or the m inline option, enables the
regular expression engine to handle an input string that consists of
multiple lines. It changes the interpretation of the ^ and $ language
elements so that they match the beginning and end of a line, instead
of the beginning and end of the input string.
By default, $ matches only the end of the input string. If you specify
the RegexOptions.Multiline option, it matches either the newline
character (\n) or the end of the input string.

(emphasis mine)
Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types/regular-expression-options#multiline-mode
This seems to say that $ matches the newline character.  However this does not seem to be the case.  The code:
var m = Regex.Match("123\n456", @"123$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine(m.Length);

prints 3, not 4 as would be expected if $ matched newline.
Is this a bug?  A documentation error?

A: This is a documentation error as any anchor (^, $, \A, \Z, \z, \G) are zero-width assertions and do not consume any text. Non-consuming patterns only match positions inside a string, not the text itself.
If you specify the RegexOptions.Multiline option, the $ anchor matches either the position immediately before a newline character (\n, line feed (LF) char) or the end of the input string.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


April is a month that has always been significant in various religions. Christians celebrate Easter (April 16), which is the renewal of life, the resurrection of a great leader. Passover (April 10-18) is a Jewish holiday that celebrates the Exodus, the freedom from slavery under the leadership of a great leader; and the Lailat al Miraj (April 23) is a Muslim holiday that celebrates a great leader's journey from Mecca to Jerusalem where he ascended to heaven.
Moses lead his enslaved people towards freedom in the Exodus in both Biblical and Hebrew texts.
Strangely, all these events seem to have a kind of similar cohesion and natural correlation to each other. So who are America's significant heroes, the Jesus, Moses and Muhammeds, the great leaders who changed the lives of their people for the better?
When I think of great American leaders on this day in April, two people immediately come to mind.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower was a journalist, five-star military General and the 34th President of the United States. After living through World War II, he saw the best and worst of humanity and realised that peace and negotiation were more powerful tactics than the continual funding of the military industrial complex. President Eisenhower established NASA, brokered the peace deal with Korea after President Truman had left Korea in ruins and put an end to McCarthyism - an era in which America's artists, writers, producers and many other critics of the U.S. government had been targetted and blacklisted under Senator Joseph McCarthy.
People protesting against the targetting of artists, producers and filmmakers during the McCarthy era. The practice of blacklisting people who criticised the govt began under President Truman's "loyalty security program" and was subsequently dismantled by President Eisenhower through an executive order.
A typical classroom during the Eisenhower Era in the 1950s. President Eisenhower established the National Defense Education Act and provided funding for many subjects including science, math, foreign language education, African studies and graduate fellowships.
During President Eisenhower's era, there was considerable economic prosperity. American families living during that era could live comfortably under one income, and they had job security. Public education was primarily free and President Eisenhower established the National Defense Education Act, which provided funding for science and foreign language education, in addition to supporting graduate fellowships to increase the number of graduate-level professionals and university professors. However, at the end of his term, President Eisenhower warned against the continual support and building of the military industrial complex.
America's current total military spending is nearly twice its GDP.
President Eisenhower believed that out-of-control military spending will "bankrupt" the nation and instill an atmosphere of fear, where people could lose their civil liberties, something he dismantled when govt officials under President Truman began targetting American civilians, primarily artists, writers and journalists who criticised the government during the McCarthy Era. President Eisenhower believed that military spending will not only lead to economic decline, but also towards a kind of moral bankruptcy.
Another great American leader who also immediately comes to mind in this month of April was also a five-star military General: Douglas MacArthur. He too, understood the nature of war and lived through both World War I and World War II to believe that the ultimate goal of the United States was to engage in diplomacy and preserve the cultural identity of the people of other nations during an era in which President Truman and his advisers were quick to launch nuclear weapons.
The city of Hiroshima in ruins after President Truman detonated the first ever atomic bomb. At the time, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (who was an active military General) said: "The Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing ... I hated to see our country be the first to use such a weapon." (From Eisenhower's memoirs: The White House Years: Mandate for Change, 1953-1956). Both President Eisenhower and General MacArthur shared the same trajectory for peaceful resolutions.
General MacArthur came from a military family and became the U.S. army's youngest major general. After WWII, General MacArthur was in charge of the reforms in Japan, and he earned the nickname Gajin Shogun (foreign leader) and was the primary driver for protecting the Japanese Emperor from being indicted on war crimes, and instead lead his team and staff towards a peaceful occupation and rehabilitation of Japan, by preserving its cultural identity and history.
General MacArthur also believed that during the Korean War, the people of Korea should be reunited - as it was their desire and their wish to do so. However, during the U.S. and Russian intervention to utilise Korea as a strategic, political access point to greater Asia, Korea had been divided in two - North and South, and left in perpetual chaos. General MacArthur's disagreement with President Truman to reunify the people of Korea lead directly to his early retirement.
General MacArthur (left) and President Truman (right). The two men did not get along.
What these two five-star military generals have taught us regarding American history is that the federal government's collaboration with an alliance of military contractors was most vulnerable to an abuse of power. President Eisenhower warned American citizens that only an "alert and knowledgeable citizenry" can counteract the military industrial complex with peaceful methods and goals.
When we examine our recent history - in regards to the Iraq War, Afghanistan, and currently our actions against Syria, we can see that what President Eisenhower and General MacArthur had warned of has indeed come to fruition.
Soldiers watch burn pits in Iraq. Burn pits are holes dug into the ground to burn everything from dead bodies to wasteful chemicals. These burn pits are linked to respiratory illnesses and cancer in American soldiers.
Whereas, these continual wars have left the American and British economies in great deficit, the companies who have profited from wars have been military defense contractors. Perhaps we need a reminder of what nearly happened during the financial crisis of 2008, when we were close to a complete global breakdown of our financial institutions to draw attention to what some of the economical consequences of war may be, through continual skyrocketing military spending to fund the military industrial complex.
President Donald Trump playing golf on holiday in Florida. President Trump has never served in the military and received five deferments to avoid serving in the Vietnam War. Most members of the U.S. Congress and House of Representatives have also never served in the military and have little to no direct military experience yet have ratified multiple bills for the advent of war.
It is easy to declare war and launch missiles when one has never been in a war. It is easy for politicians who have mainly lead privileged lives to agree to more military funding and declare wars on other nations, to send drones to kill innocent citizens, to launch multi-million dollar Tomahawk cruise missiles with a trigger-happy finger from the comfort of a luxury office whilst sipping on wines after a catered lunch. However, great American leaders, and decorated military generals who did live through the atrocities of war know better, and that the way towards American economic prosperity, to make America Great Again, is through the diplomacy of peace, to invest in its people and education.
What kind of a nation ignores its youth, its elderly and the poor? What kind of a nation can't provide health care for its poorest members? What kind of a nation utilises the propaganda tactics of fear to launch wars on other nations? Those are not the actions of a great nation. America's great story has always been about finding a refuge from war, of seeking opportunity, of paving new paths from the tyranny of other governments. America's great story has always been about the belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone.
Zen Circles is an art form that is practiced amongst Zen Buddhists. It symbolizes absolute spiritual enlightenment, strength, elegance, the universe, and the void. It signifies the idea that everything comes full circle, in that what we choose to invest in will come back to us.
The way towards making America great again is to continue that story, through the building of bridges, roads, ports and transportation links, to help build new trading routes, and to actively pursue a path towards peace through diplomatic relations. The way to make America great again is through a new era of economic prosperity through open trade with other nations. The way to make America great again is through support of our innovators: the scientists, artists, writers, engineers, teachers and architects who want to build bridges and roads, not missiles.


Aino Somiska is a senior at Westwood High, and even though she is far from her home of Finland, she feels a sense of home in Westwood and at WHS.
Somiska described WHS as both what she expected and what she wanted out of her foreign exchange program when she signed up to attend school in America. While Aino did not get to choose where in the United States she would spend her year, she is happy in Westwood as she sits in the library, relaxing and doing homework with friends. She chose America out of other countries in Europe and the world because she wanted somewhere that spoke English. She candidly states that she was too afraid to go elsewhere where she did not know the language.
Somiska also described America and American high school as something that she has only seen in the movies since it is much different than high schools in Finland. She says her high school in Finland is much smaller with less of an influence on actually going to classes. She will have to repeat this year once she returns to Finland.
Somiska chose to participate in this exchange because it is something popular to do for people in Finland, similar to study abroad programs for college students in the US. She has friends staying in many different places across the country participating in similar programs.
Her host family, who has no other students attending WHS, lives in "The Maze," the neighborhood across from WHS, and she says she feels like a basic American living in the suburbs.
Somiska even went to all the football games and says that there isn't such an emphasis on high school sports in Finland. She is excited to play ice hockey in the winter and for the chorus concert because she thinks the chorus will put on a good show.
Somiska leaves with some questions for me to answer, including why does WHS not have an open campus and why do we eat chips in individual small bags with lunch?
Emily Bosco is a senior at WHS who plays on the Varsity Volleyball and Tennis teams, is a member of the National Honor Society and is in the Mock Trials club, Spanish Club and Friendship Club. Emily enjoys being with friends during her free time.


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Q: sbt-release from jenkins no user input How can you do an sbt release from jenkins using a jenkinsfile with non-interactive sbt-release syntax?
For some reason this does not work.  Locally works
sbt "release with-defaults"

In Jenkins does not work
sh "sbt \\'release with-defaults\\'"

Output in jenkins shows
[0m[[31merror[0m] [0mNo valid parser available.[0m
[0m[[31merror[0m] [0m"release  "[0m
[0m[[31merror[0m] [0m ^[0m

I believe the quotes around "release with-defaults" are required. It seems like sbt is executing first, going into the sbt console, then trying to execute release... next which then it shows the sbt error "no valid parser available"

A: Try flipping your quotes: sh 'sbt "release with-defaults"', this is working for me without requiring any user input. You can also specify other options with spaces between the key and value: sh 'sbt "release with-defaults default-tag-exists-answer o"' in this case it will override a tag existing already.


text:
Going for gold - Brendan Burkett
Sports scientist and Paralympic gold medallist Professor Brendan Burkett knows what it takes to win at the elite level.
Professor Brendan Burkett became interested in sports science in the early 90s when he was looking for ways to combine work and his love of sport. (Source: Brendan Burkett)
The science games, Science Online, 23 Jul 2012
Brendan Burkett is thinking about jetlag.
Like anyone anticipating a long-haul flight from Australia to the United Kingdom, he's preparing for a few days of fuzzy-headedness and screwy sleep patterns. Unlike most of us, he isn't only concerned on his own behalf.
As sports science and medicine coordinator for the Australian Paralympic swim team, Burkett is focused on the elite athletes in his charge.
"When we first leave Australia, our priority will be on how athletes are recovering from the travel," he says.
Once the team arrives at its training camp in Cardiff this week, Burkett and his colleagues will help coaches monitor the athletes' preparation: taking heart rates, assessing muscle lactate levels and capturing swimming performance on video for analysis.
Burkett has worked with the Paralympic team for over a decade. Experience tells him the athletes will be jittery, but that the hard facts provided by careful monitoring can help settle nerves.
"We'll be able to tell them, 'You're ready to race'," he says.
A sporting career
It's a far cry from when Burkett started swimming at the elite level in the 80s. Back then hardly any athletes worked with scientists.
"You never really had a sports scientist," says the low-key Queenslander, who is now a professor in biomechanics at the University of the Sunshine Coast. "There was a coach and that was it."
Burkett is now part of a growing army of sports scientists credited with helping Australia punch above its weight on the international sporting stage.
"From our experience, the ideal situation is that sport science knowledge, when used correctly, can account for up to 90 per cent of the performance outcome," he says. "Why? Because the sports science provides objective information that can guide the decision of what the coach should do."
Burkett always loved sport. Growing up in Tannum Sands, a small town on Queensland's central coast, he was captain of his local rugby league team, and swam to improve his asthma.
But his ambition to play league for Australia came to a violent end in late 1985 when he was hit-and-run while riding a motorcycle. His right leg was smashed in thirteen places and had to be amputated above the knee.
After the accident he focused on swimming. At his first Paralympics in Seoul in 1988, he won a silver medal in the Men's 4x50 m Freestyle Relay A1-A8 event. Four years later in Barcelona he won bronze in the Men's 50 m Freestyle S9 event. Then he captained the Australian Paralympic team at the 1996 Atlanta Games, winning gold in the Men's 50 m Freestyle S9 event, and silver in the Men's 4x100 m Freestyle S7-10 event. And in 2000, he won silver in the Mens 4x100 Freestyle 34 pts event at Sydney.
Engineering in the body
Burkett became interested in sports science in the early 90s when he was looking for ways to combine work and his love of sport. He already had degrees in engineering, so studying biomechanics was an ideal fit.
"It's just engineering in the body," he explains.
In 1993 he began a PhD while continuing to compete as a swimmer at the top level — training six hours a day and working on his doctorate for another four. For his PhD he looked at ways to optimise the running prosthesis for Paralympic runners.
"What I wanted to do was not design a new expensive prosthesis that may have been out of reach for many athletes, but to understand how to put together existing parts to work better," he says
Since retiring after the 2000 Sydney Paralympics — where he carried the Australian flag — Burkett has continued working in the area of prosthetics and now oversees several post-doctoral researchers, PhD students and honours students.
"I've done a lot of work in this area, and while advances in prosthetics are coming along in leaps and bounds, the problem is still how to control them and that's where it falls apart," he says.
Even the most remarkable athletes, such as South Africa's runner Oscar Pistorious — who will compete at both the Olympics and the Paralympics on two prosthetic legs — are hampered by the fact that their prosthetics are simply attached to their bodies externally, and are not under the control of their nervous system.
Beyond prosthetics, Burkett is also developing sensors that can measure how athletes move as they compete and train. These 'inertial sensors' pack accelerometers and magnetometers into a container half the size of a matchbox.
Taped onto athletes' backs, arms or heads, they will provide crucial data on body positions as they swim, run or otherwise compete. "That's on target for use in Rio [at the next Olympic and Paralympic Games]," Burkett says.
In the meantime, the London Paralympic games are looming. "We'll be in the top five teams," he says. "It's always tough at this level, but we'll be up there."
Professor Brendan Burkett OAM is the associate dean of the Centre for Healthy Activities, Sport and Exercise at the University of the Sunshine Coast, and the sports science and medicine coordinator for the 2012 Australian Paralympic swim team. He was interviewed by Stephen Pincock.
Tags: exercise-and-fitness, engineering, athletics, coaching, swimming, anatomy, paralympics


Evonne sadly passed away suddenly on Saturday 22nd April 2017, aged 55 years.
Throughout her life Evonne lived and breathed Accrington. She has had a variety of careers during her working life including as a café worker, a market stall holder, a caterer, a florist but she is without a doubt best known for having her shop, her beloved Pink Magpie Vintage Emporium on Warner Street along with her partner Guy.
Evonne both created and took part in fabulous events and shined as a member of Hyndburn's Chamber of Trade, she was also a member of the Hyndburn Town Team and also helped on the Mayor & Mayoress's Charity Committee.
In her spare time Evonne loved crafting, flower arranging, recycling & upcycling furniture and music. She was also an accomplished pianist, guitarist and singer. Over the years she has enjoyed holidays in Spain, Paris, Belgium and also visited America several times, she also liked walking especially at Snowdonia and the Lake District.
Evonne sadly leaves behind her much loved partner Guy, her dear ex-husband Paul, her dearly loved children Sarah and John, her treasured grandchildren, Chloe, Reece and Ashley and her cherished great grandchild Holly Mae, her dear brother Graham and also Stella her niece.
Evonne was a true "one-off" and will be deeply missed by all her loving family and friends.
Her funeral service will take place at 10.00am on Thursday 4th May 2017 at St James's Parish Church, Accrington, prior to interment at Accrington Cemetery.
Friends and colleagues are welcome to gather on Warner Street at 9.30am to fall in behind the funeral cortege as it makes its way down Warner Street through town and to St James' church.
Family flowers only please but donations are welcomed in memory for Evonne for the East Lancashire Hospice. Further enquires please to Paul & Sarah Barton at Barton & Hallworth Funeral Service, The Old Foxhill, 136-8 Union Road, Oswaldtwistle. BB5 3DR. Tel: 01254 390542.
You made your mark in this world and will be missed by many. Me included.
We have known each other for years…..you , me and Guy.
I stand in awe of the legacy that you helped create, your enthusiasm and determination to see things through.
Going to miss you, but your legacy will carry on and shine bright in all the people you touched.
me and evonne shared an event in our lives at 15 we lost our mums i will never forget that tap on my arm when walking home down hollins lane " jane ive been meaning to talk to you how do you cope with every morning waking up with out your mum " evonne said …me " i dont cope i just live each hour each day and my love of soul music gets me throught" i knew of her love for guy it never left her . when travelling back to accrington from nantwich on my own and being disabled now i felt safe i could go to warner st see evonne and book a taxi and know she would sort me out…. we both had a love of the other side shall i say i told her of the spiritualist church which i hope gave her peace and comfort …she went last saturday before she passed so i hope my travel guide about heaven is a 5 star golden stay in the arms of her mum who i know will be a big catch up love ya sweetheart …may i send love and healing to evonnes families and guy shes with you x.
My heartfelt condolences. Evonne was an outstanding women who as has left us too soon.
May your heart and soul find comfort in your family and friends.
Inspire and mean so much.
You were and still are a guiding light to me and many others.You ignite the passion and determination to put the area on the map.In spirit you are always around and speaking with you the other week leaves a great memory for me and to help in creating the dream into a reality.
You truly was 1 in a million and a friendship developed through chalk paint and our love of vintage shabby chic , we even shared the same birthday. The other day I found your thank you note you wrote to me when I bought the bureau off you in your first shop. I will miss our Facebook messaging chats , a very spiritual lady and a true earth angel, you've gained your wings ( no doubt they'll have been chalk painted and Cath Kidston decupauged by now) shine bright like the diamond you are !


I love this look, I recently teamed up with Dezzal.com who sent me this gorgeous lace blouse. It's the perfect piece to dress up or down. I loved pairing this lace blouse with this suede moto jacket, it gave this look a very lush feel.


After giving birth to my second daughter last February, my oral health was in ruins. I was honestly afraid to look at my teeth in the mirror, because it gave me severe anxiety. Sorry if this is TMI-- but after flossing and brushing, my sink looked like a crime scene. I never even knew that gums could bleed so profusely. Over just the course of about 4 months, my gum line had receded quite severely. I was trying to adjust to being a mom times two, was barely sleeping, trying to work from home, and was generally over-whelmed. All of that to say, I struggled to prioritize a visit with a dentist. I started taking Megasporebiotic probiotic supplement, and decided to come up with a brushing blend. The results we're nothing short of miraculous.
I ordered a 3 pack of Orawellness to start brushing with, and started brushing and flossing with it daily. I noticed a decrease in the bleeding almost right away. Orawellness, by the way, is an essential oil blend. It's almost exactly like Young Living's Thieves, but with the addition of manuka. The folks at Orawellness also provide you with plenty of credible information about which brush to use, and how to effectively brush and floss (hint: you're probably doing it wrong). A few weeks later I went to the dentist and got a positive diagnosis for gum disease, and they told me that if my gums continued to recede at the same pace I would need a surgery. They cleaned my teeth, and I went straight home and made this toothpaste. Literally within ONE week, my gums stopped bleeding. Within a month, I could see that my gums were healing. Almost 5 months later, you couldn't even tell that I ever had gum disease.
Please be aware that I am not claiming that this is going to work for everyone. If you suspect you have gum disease, go to the dentist. Get your teeth cleaned. Get their opinion first.
Mix well. I put mine in a silicone tube, but it can also be stored in a mason jar. Use 1-5 times per week, in addition to your usual toothpaste.
This sounds AMAZING! So after 5 months, your dentist no longer says you are a candidate for surgury? Can you clarify what you mean by 'silicone tube' used for the mix?
ya i read about baking soda which give good results in whitening teeth. thus i like this blog, it tells me different unique information.
Undoubtedly gum disease is the most common dental problem affecting most of the growing age groups. Gum treatment cost in Chennai entirely depends upon the extent of the patient's needs.


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Current Affairs / Health
Antibiotic Resistance 20th century
- January 9, 2020 -
Antibiotic Resistance : In the early 20th century, Alexander Fleming discovered the first true antibiotic as he discovered Penicillin in 1928. The invention of antibiotic changed the world of medicine. Today, they are used from China to Peru to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Umpteen of prescriptions are written for antibiotics each year on this earth. It's a cardinal medicine for any kind of bacterial diseases not only for humans but also for the animal in today's world. But the lamenting truth is, most of the bacteria are starting to acclimatize to the drugs and are becoming harder to eradicate. That's called Antibiotic Resistance. Right now, this Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles to global health, food security, and development. Antibiotic resistance can affect anyone, of any age, in any country.
The new entrant in our concern, Antibiotic resistance is hovering like cloudlets in the sky of successful Antibiotic treatment. In recent days, an upward number of infections – such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and salmonellosis – are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less efficient. Antibiotic resistance causes to longer hospital stays, elevated medical costs and increment in demise.
To be overboard, Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Now-a-days this occurs naturally, and this resistance is growing by leaps and bounds by the wrong-use of antibiotics, as well as poor infection prevention and control. Where antibiotics can be bought for human or animal treatment without a prescription, the growth of resistance is made worse.
In the same way, sans proper and standard treatment guidelines, antibiotics are repeatedly over-prescribed by compounders, drugstore workers and veterinarians and over-used by the public. Besides that, in recent studies organized by Bangalore-based Ramaiah Advance Testing Laboratory, unleashed that Antibiotic residue is present in most of the packaged milk and milk-based products. Moreover, various reports also reveal that Antibiotic residue is also found in the domestic animals like in the chicken, mutton and in fishes.
This is because of the boundless antibiotic usage in domestic animals to prevent illness and also to fatten them up. Fruits and vegetables are not out of the list. Various pesticides and agricultural medicines contain antibiotics and those are often used in farming. Now the harsh reality is, a man can use his acumen and not overuse antibiotic medicines in his daily life, but how can he be scot-free from the antibiotics which he is taking by his food?
The people of this earth immediately need to transform the way it uses antibiotics. Even if new treatment methods are developed, sans change in practice of frequent use of antibiotic medicines, antibiotic resistance will become a spell disaster. Without imperative action, we are heading for a post-antibiotic era, in which general infections and minor injuries can be a doom's day. Only silver lining in this wobbly condition is that, harnessing antibiotic resistance is a top priority for World Health Assembly (WHO).
Also Read: युवा पीढ़ी किस प्रकार की दुनिया को विरासत (inheritance) में पाएंगे।
A "Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance" including plan of proper antibiotic usage, was endorsed at WHO in May 2015. The global action plan aims to ensure prevention and treatment of infectious diseases with safe and effective medicines. WHO has been programming multiple initiatives to address this inimical resistance –
World Antibiotic Awareness Weeks,
The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS),
Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP),
Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (IACG) etc.
We also have to take immediate measures and have to spread social awareness against this turmoil with the help of satraps of each nations thus, steps can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the spread of resistance.
Email: [email protected] https://ensembleias.com/
#alexander_fleming #antibiotic #antibiotic_resistance #ramaiah_advance_testing_lab #WHO #GLASS #GRADP #IACG #infectious_dieseases #blog #geography_optional #upsc2020 #ias #k_siddharthasir #Government_of_India #india #studyabroad #geography #upsc #bhugol #government #news #dailynews #gk #dailyquiz #editorial
Tourism | अज्ञात की सैर | "Life is a book and if you don't travel, you read just one page" |
National War Memorial राष्ट्रीय युद्ध स्मारक


text:
Government unaware how much it pays for e-mail services
Government departments do not know how much they are spending on e-mail services, according to research by Computer Weekly.
In response to a number of Freedom of Information (FoI) requests asking how much Whitehall department paid for their initial and ongoing e-mail services, eight said they were unable to separate the cost of e-mail from services packages provided by incumbent system integrators.
The Department for Work and Pensions said e-mail was provided within a bundle of desktop/laptop services more than a decade ago and remains under the same contract. "As a result, the disaggregation of those charges specifically and discreetly attributable to e-mail is not readily available."
HM Revenue & Customs, the Treasury, the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Office for Fair Trading were also unable to identify e-mail costs. The Home Office refused to respond to the FoI request, citing cost reasons.
A Cabinet Office spokesman said: "In some cases, departments are unable to disaggregate e-mail costs because of the way we used to buy years ago – in big, multiple-year 'black box' contracts. That's why the government has already started renegotiating its contracts with major suppliers to increase both flexibility and transparency of pricing."
The Cabinet Office said in the future IT costs would be more transparent. "For example, the G-Cloud is all about purchasing commodity services in an open, transparent and flexible manner – the new CloudStore lists cloud ICT services, such as e-mail, with their price for the whole of the public sector to purchase," he said.
Critics of government IT have frequently pointed to a lack of transparency in contracts and pricing as a contributory factor to the high costs of public sector IT.
For example, research by Computer Weekly earlier this year showed that some government departments pay up to three times as much as others for near-identical ERP software.
Read more on Software licensing
DWP Digital overspent by £60m in six months - here's how it got back on track
ICO highlights challenge Slack-like tools pose to public sector FOI request compliance
By: Caroline Donnelly
Manchester to host international freedom of information event
Four in five G-Cloud buyers fail to share savings data with government, FOI response reveals
Home Office admits ignorance of IT equipment costs – ComputerWeekly.com
Cabinet Office refuses disclosure of IDv2.0 plans – ComputerWeekly.com
Government suppliers may be ordered to open up data – ComputerWeekly.com


A workers compensation attorney is a critical ally if you plan on filing a claim for benefits resulting from an on-the-job injury. Whether you've been hurt while driving a commercial truck, working on a construction site, in a slip and fall accident, through exposure to hazardous chemicals or by a defective machine, you may be entitled to workers compensation.
Workers compensation laws are complex. You can try to go it alone, but you'd be far better off with the help of an attorney who's already been there. Experienced workers compensation attorneys know the ins and outs of the filing, hearing and appeals processes. They know how to calculate your damages, how to get witnesses to testify on your behalf and the correct way to proceed to get you the compensation you deserve.
Unfortunately, some claims are initially denied. If you've been denied workers comp benefits in New Jersey, an attorney can file an appeal before the deadline so that your case gets heard again. Your attorney reviews your paper work to ensure it is completed correctly and contains all pertinent information, and gathers more evidence and reliable medical experts to verify your temporary or permanent disability.
Even if you're uncertain that you qualify for workers compensation benefits, you should still talk to a New Jersey attorney. You'll find out whether you can get paid for time lost from your job, medical expenses or future lost wages. An initial consultation is usually free.
Give yourself the best chance for a successful workers' compensation claim by hiring a New Jersey attorney who's familiar with the laws. Know your rights, and get the full compensation to which you're entitled.


Calvary Cemetery is a full-service cemetery in the Catholic Diocese of Winona located at 200 Goodyear Avenue in Mankato, Minnesota.
Calvary's full-time caretaker is Terry Miller. Terry is the fourth sexton of the expansive 40-acre park and began work there at age 12 when he started mowing the grounds for his father, Jerome "Jerry" Miller, Calvary's caretaker for many years.
Although sites are available to anyone, Calvary Cemetery is the Catholic cemetery for the four Mankato area parishes: Saint Peter & Pauls, Saint John the Baptist, Saint Joseph the Worker and Holy Rosary in North Mankato.
A popular event each year is the celebration of Mass on Memorial Day at 8:45 a.m. with an attendance of 500 to 700 people in good weather. Although the Mass is held within the small Kasota Stone chapel, people bring lawn chairs and enjoy the celebration under the shaded canopy of the tall cedar trees that grace the grounds. Mass is also held on three other dates each year at 9 a.m.: the Fourth of July, Labor Day and All Souls Day.