text:
"Json" redirects here. For people with similar names, see J Son.
Filename extension
.json
Internet media type
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
public.json
Type of format
Data interchange
Extended from
RFC 8259, ECMA-404
json.org
In computing, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) (/ˈdʒeɪsən/ "Jason",[1][2] /ˈdʒeɪsɒn/) is an open-standard file format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and array data types (or any other serializable value). It is a very common data format used for asynchronous browser–server communication, including as a replacement for XML in some AJAX-style systems.[3]
JSON is a language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but as of 2017[update], many programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. The official Internet media type for JSON is application/json. JSON filenames use the extension .json.
Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s; it was standardized in 2013 in RFC 7158 and ECMA-404.[4] The latest RFC 8259 JSON format standard was published in 2017, and remains consistent with ECMA-404.[5] The ECMA standard describes only the allowed syntax, whereas the RFC covers some security and interoperability considerations.[6]
A restricted profile of JSON, known as I-JSON (short for "Internet JSON"), seeks to overcome some of the interoperability problems with JSON. It is defined in RFC 7493.[7]
2 Data types and syntax
2.2 Data portability issues
2.3 Using JSON in JavaScript
2.4 Unsupported native data types
3 Schema and metadata
3.1 JSON Schema
4 MIME type
5.1 JSON-RPC
5.2 AJAJ
6 Security considerations
7 Vulnerabilities in specific JSON parsers
8 Object references
9 Comparison with other formats
9.1 YAML
9.2 XML
9.3 Samples
9.3.1 JSON sample
9.3.2 YAML sample
9.3.3 XML samples
Find sources: "JSON" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Douglas Crockford at the Yahoo Building. (2007)
JSON grew out of a need for stateless, real-time server-to-browser communication protocol without using browser plugins such as Flash or Java applets, the dominant methods used in the early 2000s.[citation needed]
Douglas Crockford first specified[8] and popularized the JSON format. The acronym originated at State Software, a company co-founded by Crockford and others in March 2001. The co-founders agreed to build a system that used standard browser capabilities and provided an abstraction layer for Web developers to create stateful Web applications that had a persistent duplex connection to a Web server by holding two HTTP connections open and recycling them before standard browser time-outs if no further data were exchanged. The co-founders had a round-table discussion and voted whether to call the data format JSML or JSON, as well as under what license type to make it available. Crockford, being inspired by the words of then President Bush, should also be credited with coming up with the "evil-doers" JSON license ("The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.") in order to open-source the JSON libraries, but force (troll) corporate lawyers, or those who are overly pedantic, to seek to pay for a license from State. Chip Morningstar developed the idea for the State Application Framework at State Software.[9][10] On the other hand, this clause led to license compatibility problems of the JSON license with other open-source licenses.[11]
A precursor to the JSON libraries was used in a children's digital asset trading game project named Cartoon Orbit at Communities.com (the State co-founders had all worked at this company previously) for Cartoon Network, which used a browser side plug-in with a proprietary messaging format to manipulate DHTML elements (this system is also owned by 3DO). Upon discovery of early Ajax capabilities, digiGroups, Noosh, and others used frames to pass information into the user browsers' visual field without refreshing a Web application's visual context, realizing real-time rich Web applications using only the standard HTTP, HTML and JavaScript capabilities of Netscape 4.0.5+ and IE 5+. Crockford then found that JavaScript could be used as an object-based messaging format for such a system. The system was sold to Sun Microsystems, Amazon.com and EDS. The JSON.org[12] website was launched in 2002. In December 2005, Yahoo! began offering some of its Web services in JSON.[13]
JSON was originally intended to be a subset of the JavaScript scripting language (specifically, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition—December 1999[14][need quotation to verify]) and is commonly used with Javascript, but it is a language-independent data format. Code for parsing and generating JSON data is readily available in many programming languages. JSON's website lists JSON libraries by language.
Though JSON was originally advertised and believed to be a strict subset of JavaScript and ECMAScript,[15][failed verification] it inadvertently allows some unescaped characters in strings that are illegal in JavaScript and ECMAScript string literals. See Data portability issues below.
JSON itself became an ECMA international standard in 2013 as the ECMA-404 standard.[16] In the same year RFC 7158 used ECMA-404 as reference. In 2014 RFC 7159 became the main reference for JSON's internet uses (ex. MIME application/json), and obsoletes RFC 4627 and RFC 7158 (but preserving ECMA-262 and ECMA-404 as main references). In December 2017, RFC 7159 was made obsolete by RFC 8259.
Data types and syntax[edit]
JSON's basic data types are:
Number: a signed decimal number that may contain a fractional part and may use exponential E notation, but cannot include non-numbers such as NaN. The format makes no distinction between integer and floating-point. JavaScript uses a double-precision floating-point format for all its numeric values, but other languages implementing JSON may encode numbers differently.
String: a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters. Strings are delimited with double-quotation marks and support a backslash escaping syntax.
Boolean: either of the values true or false
Array: an ordered list of zero or more values, each of which may be of any type. Arrays use square bracket notation and elements are comma-separated.
Object: an unordered collection of name–value pairs where the names (also called keys) are strings. Since objects are intended to represent associative arrays,[16] it is recommended, though not required,[17] that each key is unique within an object. Objects are delimited with curly brackets and use commas to separate each pair, while within each pair the colon ':' character separates the key or name from its value.
null: An empty value, using the word null
Limited whitespace is allowed and ignored around or between syntactic elements (values and punctuation, but not within a string value). Only four specific characters are considered whitespace for this purpose: space, horizontal tab, line feed, and carriage return. In particular, the byte order mark must not be generated by a conforming implementation (though it may be accepted when parsing JSON). JSON does not provide syntax for comments.
Early versions of JSON (such as specified by RFC 4627) required that a valid JSON "document" must consist of only an object or an array type, which could contain other types within them.
The following example shows a possible JSON representation describing a person.
"firstName": "John",
"lastName": "Smith",
"isAlive": true,
"age": 27,
"streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
"city": "New York",
"state": "NY",
"postalCode": "10021-3100"
"phoneNumbers": [
"type": "home",
"number": "212 555-1234"
"type": "office",
"type": "mobile",
"children": [],
"spouse": null
Data portability issues[edit]
This section contains Unicode emoticons/emojis. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters.
Although Douglas Crockford originally asserted that JSON is a strict subset of JavaScript, his specification actually allows valid JSON documents that are invalid JavaScript. Specifically, JSON allows the Unicode line terminators U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR to appear unescaped in quoted strings, while ECMAScript 2018 and older does not.[18][19] This is a consequence of JSON disallowing only "control characters". For maximum portability, these characters should be backslash-escaped. This subtlety is important when generating JSONP.
JSON exchange in an open ecosystem must be encoded in UTF-8.[5] The encoding supports the full Unicode character set, including those characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (U+10000 to U+10FFFF). However, if escaped, those characters must be written using UTF-16 surrogate pairs, a detail missed by some JSON parsers. For example, to include the Emoji character U+1F602  FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY in JSON:
{ "face": "😂" }
{ "face": "\uD83D\uDE02" }
Numbers in JSON are agnostic with regard to their representation within programming languages. No differentiation is made between an integer and floating-point value: some implementations may treat 42, 42.0, and 4.2E+1 as the same number while others may not. Furthermore, no requirements are made regarding implementation issues such as overflow, underflow, loss of precision, or rounding. Additionally, JSON says nothing about the treatment of signed zeros: whether 0.0 is distinct from -0.0. Most implementations that use the IEEE 754 floating-point standard, including JavaScript, preserve signed zeros; but not all JSON implementations may do so.
Using JSON in JavaScript[edit]
As of 2018[update], all major browsers support at least the fifth edition ECMAScript which provides[20] a safe and fast method of decoding JSON:
var p = JSON.parse(json_string);
Unsupported native data types[edit]
JavaScript syntax defines several native data types that are not included in the JSON standard:[17] Map, Set, Date, Error, Regular Expression, Function, Promise, and undefined.[note 1] These JavaScript data types must be represented by some other data format, with the programs on both ends agreeing on how to convert between the types. As of 2011[update], there are some de facto standards, e.g., converting from Date to String, but none universally recognized.[21][22] Other languages may have a different set of native types that must be serialized carefully to deal with this type of conversion.
Schema and metadata[edit]
JSON Schema[edit]
JSON Schema[23] specifies a JSON-based format to define the structure of JSON data for validation, documentation, and interaction control. It provides a contract for the JSON data required by a given application, and how that data can be modified.
JSON Schema is based on the concepts from XML Schema (XSD), but is JSON-based. As in XSD, the same serialization/deserialization tools can be used both for the schema and data; and is self-describing. It is specified in an Internet Draft at the IETF, currently in its 7th draft, which was released on March 18, 2018.[24] There are several validators available for different programming languages,[25] each with varying levels of conformance.
There is no standard file extension, but some have suggested .schema.json.[26]
Example JSON Schema (draft 4):
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/schema#",
"title": "Product",
"required": ["id", "name", "price"],
"id": {
"description": "Product identifier"
"name": {
"description": "Name of the product"
"price": {
"minimum": 0
"type": "array",
"items": {
"stock": {
"warehouse": {
"type": "number"
"retail": {
The JSON Schema above can be used to test the validity of the JSON code below:
"name": "Foo",
"price": 123,
"Bar",
"Eek"
"warehouse": 300,
"retail": 20
MIME type[edit]
The official MIME type for JSON text is "application/json",[27] and most modern implementations have adopted this.
The (unofficial) MIME type "text/json" or the content-type "text/javascript" also get legacy support by many service providers, browsers, servers, web applications, libraries, frameworks, and APIs. Notable examples include the Google Search API,[28] Yahoo!,[28][29] Flickr,[28] Facebook API,[30] Lift framework,[31] Dojo Toolkit 0.4,[32] etc.
JSON-RPC[edit]
JSON-RPC is a remote procedure call (RPC) protocol built on JSON, as a replacement for XML-RPC or SOAP. It is a simple protocol that defines only a handful of data types and commands. JSON-RPC lets a system send notifications (information to the server that does not require a response) and multiple calls to the server that can be answered out of order. Example of a JSON-RPC 2.0 request and response using positional parameters.
--> {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "subtract", "params": [42, 23], "id": 1}
<-- {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": 19, "id": 1}
AJAJ[edit]
Asynchronous JavaScript and JSON (or AJAJ) refers to the same dynamic web page methodology as Ajax, but instead of XML, JSON is the data format. AJAJ is a web development technique that provides for the ability of a webpage to request new data after it has loaded into the web browser. Typically it renders new data from the server in response to user actions on that webpage. For example, what the user types into a search box, client-side code then sends to the server, which immediately responds with a drop-down list of matching database items.
The following JavaScript code is an example of a client using XMLHttpRequest to request data in JSON format from a server. (The server-side programming is omitted; it must be set up to service requests to the url containing a JSON-formatted string.)
var my_JSON_object;
var http_request = new XMLHttpRequest();
http_request.open("GET", url, true);
http_request.responseType = "json";
http_request.onreadystatechange = function () {
var done = 4, ok = 200;
if (http_request.readyState === done && http_request.status === ok) {
my_JSON_object = http_request.response;
http_request.send(null);
Security considerations[edit]
JSON is intended as a data serialization format. However, its design as a non-strict subset of JavaScript can lead to the misconception that it is safe to pass JSON strings to the JavaScript eval() function. This is not safe, due to the fact that certain valid JSON strings are actually not valid JavaScript code.[33]
To avoid the many pitfalls caused by executing arbitrary code from the internet, a new function, JSON.parse() was first added to the fifth edition of ECMAScript[34], which as of 2017 is supported by all major browsers. For non-supported browsers, an API-compatible JavaScript library[35] is provided by Douglas Crockford.
Vulnerabilities in specific JSON parsers[edit]
Various JSON parser implementations have suffered from denial-of-service attack and mass assignment vulnerability.[36][37]
Object references[edit]
The JSON standard does not support object references, but an IETF draft standard for JSON-based object references exists.[38] The Dojo Toolkit supports object references using standard JSON; specifically, the dojox.json.ref module provides support for several forms of referencing including circular, multiple, inter-message, and lazy referencing.[39][40][41] Alternatively, non-standard solutions exist such as the use of Mozilla JavaScript Sharp Variables. However this functionality became obsolete with JavaScript 1.8.5 and was removed in Firefox version 12.[42]
Comparison with other formats[edit]
See also: Comparison of data serialization formats
JSON is promoted as a low-overhead alternative to XML as both of these formats have widespread support for creation, reading, and decoding in the real-world situations where they are commonly used.[43] Apart from XML, examples could include OGDL, YAML and CSV. Also, Google Protocol Buffers can fill this role, although it is not a data interchange language.
YAML[edit]
YAML version 1.2 is a superset of JSON; prior versions were "not strictly compatible". For example, escaping a slash (/) with a backslash (\) is valid in JSON, but was not valid in YAML. (This is common practice when injecting JSON into HTML to protect against cross-site scripting attacks.) Nonetheless, many YAML parsers can natively parse the output from many JSON encoders.[44]
YAML supports comments, but JSON does not.[45]
XML[edit]
XML has been used to describe structured data and to serialize objects. Various XML-based protocols exist to represent the same kind of data structures as JSON for the same kind of data interchange purposes. Data can be encoded in XML in several ways. The most expansive form using tag pairs results in a much larger representation than JSON, but if data is stored in attributes and 'short tag' form where the closing tag is replaced with '/>', the representation is often about the same size as JSON or just a little larger. If the data is compressed using an algorithm like gzip, there is little difference because compression is good at saving space when a pattern is repeated.
While XML can contain "mixed content", that is, additional content between element tags, JSON must adhere to a strict "key" → "value" mapping. This makes it difficult for JSON to communicate document types of data.
XML separates "data" from "metadata" (via the use of elements and attributes), while JSON does not have such a concept.
Another key difference lies within the addressability of values. Since JSON is being based on a simple "key" → "value" mapping, every key must be unique, that is, there can be no two keys of the same name, whereas in XML addressing happens on "nodes", which all receive a unique ID via the XML processor. Additionally, the XML standard defines a common attribute "xml:id", that can be used by the user, to set an ID explicitly.
XML also has the concept of schema. This permits strong typing, user-defined types, predefined tags, and formal structure, allowing for formal validation of an XML stream in a portable way. Similarly, there is an IETF draft proposal for a schema system for JSON.[46]
XML supports comments, but JSON does not.[47]
Samples[edit]
JSON sample[edit]
"postalCode": "10021"
"phoneNumber": [
"type": "fax",
"gender": {
"type": "male"
Both of the following examples carry the same kind of information as the JSON example above in different ways. More JSON Examples.
YAML sample[edit]
The JSON code above is also entirely valid YAML. YAML also offers an alternative syntax intended to be more human-accessible by replacing nested delimiters like {}, [], and " marks with off-side indentation.[44]
firstName: John
lastName: Smith
streetAddress: 21 2nd Street
postalCode: '10021'
phoneNumber:
- type: home
number: 212 555-1234
- type: fax
type: male
XML samples[edit]
<person>
<firstName>John</firstName>
<lastName>Smith</lastName>
<age>25</age>
<streetAddress>21 2nd Street</streetAddress>
<city>New York</city>
<state>NY</state>
<phoneNumber>
<type>home</type>
<number>212 555-1234</number>
</phoneNumber>
<type>fax</type>
<gender>
<type>male</type>
</gender>
The properties can also be serialized using attributes instead of tags:
<person firstName="John" lastName="Smith" age="25">
<address streetAddress="21 2nd Street" city="New York" state="NY" postalCode="10021" />
<phoneNumber type="home" number="212 555-1234"/>
<phoneNumber type="fax" number="646 555-4567"/>
<gender type="male"/>
The XML encoding may therefore be comparable in length to the equivalent JSON encoding. A wide range of XML processing technologies exist, from the Document Object Model to XPath and XSLT. XML can also be styled for immediate display using CSS. XHTML is a form of XML so that elements can be passed in this form ready for direct insertion into webpages using client-side scripting.
JSON streaming
HOCON—Human-Optimized Config Object Notation, a superset of JSON
YAML—Another datastorage format that is a superset of JSON[48]
S-expression—the comparable LISP format for trees as text.
JSONP—JSON with Padding, a pattern of usage commonly employed when retrieving JSON across domains
GeoJSON—an open format for encoding a variety of geographic data structures
JSON-LD—JavaScript object notation for linked data, a W3C recommendation
SOAPjr—a hybrid of SOAP and JR (JSON-RPC)
JsonML
Binary encodings for JSON
BSON
MessagePack
UBJSON
EXI4JSON (EXI for JSON)—representation by means of the Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) standard
Implementations:
Jayrock—an open source implementation of JSON for the .NET Framework.
Ember data server implementations for PHP, Node.js, Ruby, Python, Go, .NET and Java.
Jackson for Java.
Comparison of data serialization formats
^ The undefined type was left out of the JSON standard, and one finds suggestions that null be used instead. In fact, the current standard says that for a sparse array such as:
var v = [0];
v[3] = 3;
which behaves in JavaScript as if it were:
var vx = [0, undefined, undefined, 3];
with the undefined entries being only implicit rather than explicit, should translate to JSON as if it were:
var vx = [0, null, null, 3];
with explicit null fillers for the undefined entries.
Furthermore, in JavaScript {a: undefined} often behaves the same as {}. Both translate as "{}" in JSON. However undefined as an explicit property value does have use in JavaScript inheritance situations such as:
var x = {a: 1};
var xi = Object.create(x);
xi.a = undefined;
where the inheritance of x's property a is overridden in xi and makes it pretty much behave as if nothing was inherited. JSON.stringify itself ignores inherited values - it only translates the enumerable own properties as given by Object.keys(y). The default stringification, while not encoding inheritance, can (except for undefined values) encode enough of an object to reconstruct it in an environment that knows what inheritance it should have. To encode JavaScript objects that contain explicit undefined values a convention for representing undefined must be established, such as mapping it to the string "UNDEFINED". One can then pass JSON.stringify the optional replacer argument to translate with this convention:
var y = {a: undefined};
var ys = JSON.stringify(y,
function (k, v){return (v === undefined) ? "UNDEFINED" : v});
Converting this JSON back into JavaScript is not as straightforward. While JSON.parse can take an optional reviver argument that is, essentially, the inverse of a replacer, it can't be used in this situation. If that function returns undefined, the JSON.parse logic interprets this to mean to not define a property rather than define one with a undefined value. Instead one has to explicitly post process the result from JSON.parse replacing each "UNDEFINED" with undefined.
^ "Doug Crockford "Google Tech Talks: JavaScript: The Good Parts"". 7 February 2009.
^ "Douglas Crockford: pronouncing". Nov 14, 2014.
^ "A Modern Reintroduction To AJAX". Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ "Standard ECMA-404". www.ecma-international.org.
^ a b "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format". IETF. December 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
^ Bray, Tim. "JSON Redux AKA RFC8259". Ongoing. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
^ Bray, Tim (ed.), The I-JSON Message Format, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), RFC 7493
^ "Douglas Crockford — The JSON Saga". YouTube. 28 August 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ "Chip Morningstar Biography". n.d.
^ "State Software Breaks Through Web App Development Barrier With State Application Framework: Software Lets Developers Create Truly Interactive Applications; Reduces Costs, Development Time and Improves User Experience". PR Newswire. February 12, 2002. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
^ Apache and the JSON license on LWN.net by Jake Edge (November 30, 2016)
^ "JSON". json.org.
^ Yahoo!. "Using JSON with Yahoo! Web services". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
^ Crockford, Douglas (May 28, 2009). "Introducing JSON". json.org. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
^ Douglas Crockford (2016-07-10). "JSON in JavaScript". Archived from the original on 2016-07-10. Retrieved 2016-08-13. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
^ a b "The JSON Data Interchange Format" (PDF). ECMA International. October 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ a b "JSON Web Token (JWT)". IETF. May 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ Holm, Magnus (15 May 2011). "JSON: The JavaScript subset that isn't". The timeless repository. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ "TC39 Proposal: Subsume JSON". ECMA TC39 committee. 22 May 2018.
^ "Standard ECMA-262". ecma-international.org. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "jquery - Format a Microsoft JSON date? - Stack Overflow". stackoverflow.com. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "Tales from the Evil Empire - Dates and JSON". asp.net. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "JSON Schema and Hyper-Schema". json-schema.org. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "draft-handrews-json-schema-01 - JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON Documents". json-schema.org/. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
^ "JSON Schema Implementations". json-schema.org. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
^ "Json Schema file extension". Stack Overflow.
^ "Media Types". iana.org. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ a b c "Handle application/json & text/json by benschwarz · Pull Request #2 · mislav/faraday-stack". GitHub. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "Yahoo!, JavaScript, and JSON". ProgrammableWeb. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "Make JSON requests allow text/javascript content by jakeboxer · Pull Request #148 · AFNetworking/AFNetworking". GitHub. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "lift/Req.scala at master · lift/lift · GitHub". GitHub. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "BrowserIO.js in legacy/branches/0.4/src/io – Dojo Toolkit". dojotoolkit.org. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "JSON: The JavaScript subset that isn't". Magnus Holm. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
^ "ECMAScript Fifth Edition" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
^ "douglascrockford/JSON-js". GitHub.
^ "Denial of Service and Unsafe Object Creation Vulnerability in JSON (CVE-2013-0269)". Retrieved January 5, 2016.
^ "Microsoft .NET Framework JSON Content Processing Denial of Service Vulnerability". Retrieved January 5, 2016.
^ Zyp, Kris (September 16, 2012). Bryan, Paul C. (ed.). "JSON Reference: draft-pbryan-zyp-json-ref-03". Internet Engineering Task Force.
^ Zyp, Kris. "dojox.json.ref". Dojo.
^ Zyp, Kris (June 17, 2008). "JSON referencing in Dojo". SitePen. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
^ von Gaza, Tys (Dec 7, 2010). "JSON referencing in jQuery". NUBUNTU. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved Dec 7, 2010.
^ "Sharp variables in JavaScript". Mozilla Developer Network. April 4, 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
^ "JSON: The Fat-Free Alternative to XML". json.org. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
^ a b "YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2". yaml.org. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ McCombs, Thayne. "Why JSON isn't a good configuration language". Lucid Chart. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
^ "JSON Schema". json-schema.org. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
^ Saternos, Casimir (2014). Client-server web apps with Javascript and Java. p. 45. ISBN 9781449369316.
^ Oren Ben-Kiki; Clark Evans; Ingy döt Net. "YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2". Retrieved 29 August 2015.
JSONat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
"ECMA-404 JSON Data Interchange Format" (pdf). ECMA Int'l.
RFC 8259, JSON Data Interchange Format
RFC 7049, Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) for JSON
Data exchange formats
Human readable formats
Binary formats
FlatBuffers
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JSON&oldid=906823585"
Computer-related introductions in 2001
Ajax (programming)
Data serialization formats
Open formats
Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2017
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from January 2017
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia


Links to the following books have been provided on the home page of our website. They are either PDF files or online books. In either case, they are free to use. We will be adding more on a monthly basis. Click on the images and enjoy!
©2007-2018 The Walton County Heritage Association, Inc.


text:
<?php

// Call Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest::main() if this source file is executed directly.
if (!defined("PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD")) {
    define("PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD", "Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest::main");
}

require_once 'Zend/Form/Decorator/Captcha/ReCaptcha.php';
require_once 'Zend/Form/Element/Captcha.php';
require_once 'Zend/View.php';

/**
 * Test class for Zend_Form_Decorator_Captcha_ReCaptcha
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Form
 * @subpackage UnitTests
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 * @group      Zend_Form
 */
class Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    /**
     * Runs the test methods of this class.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function main()
    {

        $suite  = new PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite("Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest");
        $result = PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner::run($suite);
    }

    /**
     * Sets up the fixture, for example, open a network connection.
     * This method is called before a test is executed.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function setUp()
    {
        $view = new Zend_View();
        $this->element   = new Zend_Form_Element_Captcha('captcha', array(
            'captcha' => array(
                'captcha' => 'ReCaptcha',
                'privKey' => 'private',
                'pubKey'  => 'public',
            ),
        ));
        $this->element->setView($view);
        $this->decorator = new Zend_Form_Decorator_Captcha_ReCaptcha();
        $this->decorator->setElement($this->element);
    }

    /** @group ZF-10991 */
    public function testDecoratorCreatesHiddenFieldsForChallengeAndResponse()
    {
        $html = $this->decorator->render('');
        $this->assertContains('type="hidden" name="recaptcha_challenge_field" value="" id="captcha-challenge"', $html, $html);
        $this->assertContains('type="hidden" name="recaptcha_response_field" value="" id="captcha-response"', $html, $html);
    }

    /** @group ZF-10991 */
    public function testDecoratorCreatesJavascriptOnSubmitHandler()
    {
        $html = $this->decorator->render('');
        // Test that we have script tags
        $this->assertContains('<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">', $html);
        $this->assertContains('</script>', $html);

        // Test that we create a DOM window.onload event, and trigger any previous
        $this->assertContains('function windowOnLoad', $html);
        $this->assertContains('old = window.onload', $html);
        $this->assertContains('if (old)', $html);

        // Test that we add an event listener for the form submit event
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("captcha-challenge").form.addEventListener("submit", function(e)', $html);

        // Test that we reset the hidden fields with the global recaptcha values
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("captcha-challenge").value = document.getElementById("recaptcha_challenge_field").value', $html);
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("captcha-response").value = document.getElementById("recaptcha_response_field").value', $html);
    }

    /** @group ZF-10991 */
    public function testDecoratorCreatesHiddenFieldsWithNestedIdsAndNamesWhenElementBelongsToArray()
    {
        $this->element->setBelongsTo('contact');
        $html = $this->decorator->render('');
        $this->assertContains('type="hidden" name="contact[recaptcha_challenge_field]" value="" id="contact-captcha-challenge"', $html, $html);
        $this->assertContains('type="hidden" name="contact[recaptcha_response_field]" value="" id="contact-captcha-response"', $html, $html);
    }

    /** @group ZF-10991 */
    public function testDecoratorUsesNamespacedIdsInJavascriptOnSubmitHandler()
    {
        $this->element->setBelongsTo('contact');
        $html = $this->decorator->render('');
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("contact-captcha-challenge").form.addEventListener("submit", function(e)', $html);
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("contact-captcha-challenge").value = document.getElementById("recaptcha_challenge_field").value', $html);
        $this->assertContains('document.getElementById("contact-captcha-response").value = document.getElementById("recaptcha_response_field").value', $html);
    }
}

// Call Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest::main() if this source file is executed directly.
if (PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD == "Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest::main") {
    Zend_Form_Decorator_ReCaptchaTest::main();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Apple Q1 Financials Set New Record For iPods, Macs.
Wednesday, January 17, 2007 by Jack Miller in News and Opinion
What goes up must come down. But as long as it's going up, who cares, right?
Apple announced Q1 2007 financial results—record sales, profits, units sold. Record Mac and iPod shipments, too.
Wall Street was stunned by Apple's better-than-expected financials to start the new year.
The company's press release tells the tale. iPod shipments blew away all expectations, as did sales of the MacBook and MacBook Pro line of notebooks.
As expected, desktop sales languished in the holiday quarter, though units and sales and profits and margins were up in all other categories. Apple provided additional details of the record quarter.
Gross margins exceeded 31-percent. The company shipped over 21-million iPods, 50-percent higher than a year earlier. 1.6-million Macs were shipped in the quarter, 28-percent higher than a year ago.
The Mac represented 43-percent of total revenue, while the iPod, music, and services contributed 57-percent of the total.
Apple claims that overall marketshare of the iPod increased in the Q1 period in the US and all other countries for which data was available.
As to the stock options scandal and investigation, Apple's CFO Peter Oppenheimer said results from the company's investigation was turned over to the SEC and federal investigators.
Looking forward, Apple's guidance for Q2 is substantially less than Q1, though higher than 2006.
When asked about Mac OS X Leopard, Oppenheimer said Apple is on target to deliver the new OS in the spring of 2007.
Apple said that Mac retail distribution points exceeded 7,500 worldwide, while the iPod exceeded 40,000 retail locations. Oppenheimer also said Apple's reason for selecting Cingular's 2.5 G EDGE network over the faster 3G network had to do with greater market coverage by the former.
The Best Buy retail store pilot remains in an evaluation. Apple said the iPhone sales target of 10-million units was for the calendar year of 2008.
Oppenheimer said Apple sees the AppleTV as the DVD player of the 21st century. iPod revenue and unit sales actually decreased slightly at Apple retail stores, due to expanding the iPod retail channel to additional stores.
Apple says it is difficult to predict cannibalization of the iPod line by the iPhone, but noted that the iPhone would more compete at the high end of devices initially.
50-percent of all new Mac buyers in the Apple Stores are new to the Mac (switched from Windows). This trend is growing in other retail channels in the US.
Apple said Boot Camp has been downloaded 1.5-million times. The iTunes Store now has over 4-million songs, 350 television shows, and 250 movies. iTunes Store sales double year over year.
As to the iPhone name suit by Cisco, Apple termed it "silly" and said Apple was the first to use the iPhone name as a cell phone; Apple will prevail.
Apple's retail stores account for 6,000 of the company's total 21,000 employees. The company plans to open 35 to 40 new retail stores in 2007.
Apple's Press Release
Apple today announced financial results for its fiscal 2007 first quarter ended December 30, 2006. The Company posted record revenue of $7.1 billion and record net quarterly profit of $1.0 billion, or $1.14 per diluted share.
These results compare to revenue of $5.7 billion and net quarterly profit of $565 million, or $.65 per diluted share, in the year-ago quarter. Gross margin was 31.2 percent, up from 27.2 percent in the year-ago quarter. International sales accounted for 42 percent of the quarter's revenue.
Apple shipped 1,606,000 Macintosh® computers and 21,066,000 iPods during the quarter, representing 28 percent growth in Macs and 50 percent growth in iPods over the year-ago quarter.
"We are incredibly pleased to report record quarterly revenue of over $7 billion and record earnings of $1 billion," said Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO. "We've just kicked off what is going to be a very strong new product year for Apple by launching Apple TV and the revolutionary iPhone."
"We generated over $1.75 billion in cash during the quarter to end with $11.9 billion," said Peter Oppenheimer, Apple's CFO. "Looking ahead to the second fiscal quarter of 2007, we expect revenue of $4.8 to $4.9 billion and earnings per diluted share of $.54 to $.56."
Apple provided a live streaming of its Q1 2007 financial results conference call.
iTunes As Digital Hub: AppleTV's Fatal Flaw.
How Many Web Photo Albums Do You Really Need?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What Is Digital Design ???
Digital Designing activities are Web Templates, Logo & Banners, Branding, Graphic Designing, Animated PPT's & Videos, and any other form of digital media.
Digital design is a growing specialty in the field of graphic design. Digital designers use creativity and computer skills to design visuals associated with electronic technology.
A digital designer is a professional who applies his or her technical and creative skills to a wide array In Digital Market.
Prospera Production Build Ultra Responsive Interactive websites in minutes with no coding experience.
A website template (or web template) is a pre-designed webpage, or set of HTML webpages that anyone can use to "plug-in" their own text content and images into to create a website.
What Can a Web Template Include ???
Text and .jpg, .png or .gif images, jQuery and CSS3 animation, shopping carts, contact forms, dynamic image galleries and slideshows, a PDF download links page, and video players (including embedded Youtube movies) are just a few of the features that can be built into a design.
Your Business Is Unique Make Sure Your Logo and Branding is Too.
Your logo is at the very essence of your company. It is the symbol that reveals the recognition and quality of products and services. Your logo plays a vital role in building brand awareness among your clients, partners and associates. Our team of professional creative designers will help you communicate your firm's image clearly to your target audience.
If you are starting a new company one of the most important things you can do is make sure to get the correct branding.
A brand identity is much more than just a logo and color palette, it's what sets an organization, person, product or service apart. Our branding work is always process-driven - and not just any process. It's the same process used to craft the biggest and best brands in the world. While some companies will claim to have a "proprietary" brand building process, ours is tried-and-true.
We are a group of talented creative minds who can help develop new marketing ideas for your business. We specialize in working with small to medium businesses and understand their unique needs.
We have worked with many businesses like yours and delivered over half many design projects till date.
Our group of designers & visualizers are standing by to help you develop professional marketing communications, ranging from logos and business cards to web sites and a social media presence. Our solutions are customized to meet your needs, high quality to meet your marketing objectives and yet affordable.
India is now the most sought-after destination for animation services, with entertainment giants like Walt Disney, IMAX and Sony increasingly outsourcing animation and special effects to India.
We expertise in varied types of animation, from 2D animation, 3D animation, storyboards, medical animation and animatic, to product demos, viral videos, illustrations, logos, banners, portraits and caricatures. If you need animation for your website, presentation, application, movie, or demo, we can design and create compelling animation that meets your exact specifications.


text:
Q: Logcat continously shows messages I don't know what's wrong. My logcat has been troubling me for two days. When device is connected to test, the logcat continuously gives messages though I don't run my app. If I run my app, I am unable to find my app logs in such a huge amount of data. Can someone suggest me to avoid this and so that I can only view my application's logs? Below is the logcat's flow which continously flows. I am testing with htc.
04-09 09:27:10.007: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 128K, 43% free 3530K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 142ms
04-09 09:27:10.027: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:10.027: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:10    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  1304    http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:10.037: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:10.037: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:10.057: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:10.238: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 50K, 43% free 3522K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 158ms
04-09 09:27:10.408: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 4K, 43% free 3537K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 140ms
04-09 09:27:10.408: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:10.468: D/com.fd.httpd(843): sdcard phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:10.478: D/com.fd.httpd(843): emmc phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:10.498: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479830502--enter query.
04-09 09:27:10.558: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:10    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    GET /info/  -   200 1471    0   513 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:10.568: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:10.568: I/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "pragma" is discouraged as a future versions of the Restlet API will directly support it.
04-09 09:27:10.578: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "cache-control" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:10.578: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "expires" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:10.578: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:10.578: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:10.598: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479830607--leave query.
04-09 09:27:10.598: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:10.608: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:10.688: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:10    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  252 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:10.688: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:10.688: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:10.698: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:10.838: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 156K, 43% free 3525K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 124ms
04-09 09:27:10.848: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:10.898: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479830906--enter query.
04-09 09:27:10.958: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479830966--leave query.
04-09 09:27:10.958: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:10.958: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:11.048: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:11    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  171 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:11.048: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:11.048: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:11.058: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:11.199: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 93K, 43% free 3530K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 133ms
04-09 09:27:11.209: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:11.249: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479831256--enter query.
04-09 09:27:11.319: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479831324--leave query.
04-09 09:27:11.319: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:11.319: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:11.349: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:11    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  119 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:11.349: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:11.349: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:11.359: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:11.519: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 103K, 43% free 3522K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 147ms
04-09 09:27:11.539: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:11.569: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479831577--enter query.
04-09 09:27:11.649: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479831651--leave query.
04-09 09:27:11.649: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:11.649: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:11.799: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 71K, 43% free 3529K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 139ms
04-09 09:27:11.809: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:11    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  261 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:11.819: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:11.829: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:11.839: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:11.849: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:11.989: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 45K, 43% free 3526K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 123ms
04-09 09:27:12.119: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 1K, 43% free 3525K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 115ms
04-09 09:27:12.129: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:12.180: D/com.fd.httpd(843): sdcard phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:12.190: D/com.fd.httpd(843): emmc phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:12.210: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479832225--enter query.
04-09 09:27:12.260: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:12    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    GET /info/  -   200 1471    0   429 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:12.260: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:12.270: I/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "pragma" is discouraged as a future versions of the Restlet API will directly support it.
04-09 09:27:12.270: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "cache-control" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:12.270: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "expires" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:12.270: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:12.280: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:12.430: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479832442--leave query.
04-09 09:27:12.430: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:12.430: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:12.560: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:12    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  403 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:12.570: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:12.570: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:12.580: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:12.750: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 152K, 43% free 3535K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 159ms
04-09 09:27:12.770: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:12.810: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479832825--enter query.
04-09 09:27:12.940: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479832950--leave query.
04-09 09:27:12.940: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:12.940: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:13.070: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:13    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  289 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:13.080: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:13.080: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:13.090: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:13.261: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 97K, 43% free 3533K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 163ms
04-09 09:27:13.271: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:13.441: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 34K, 43% free 3525K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 127ms
04-09 09:27:13.461: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:13.481: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479833498--enter query.
04-09 09:27:13.631: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 63K, 43% free 3536K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 125ms
04-09 09:27:13.681: D/com.fd.httpd(843): sdcard phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:13.691: D/com.fd.httpd(843): emmc phone type != 1
04-09 09:27:13.731: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479833746--leave query.
04-09 09:27:13.731: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:13.731: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:13.751: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:13    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  461 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:13.771: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:13.771: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:13.791: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:13.791: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:13    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    GET /info/  -   200 1471    0   293 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:13.791: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:13.801: I/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "pragma" is discouraged as a future versions of the Restlet API will directly support it.
04-09 09:27:13.801: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "cache-control" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:13.941: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 70K, 43% free 3541K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 134ms
04-09 09:27:13.941: W/Server(843): Addition of the standard header "expires" is not allowed. Please use the equivalent property in the Restlet API.
04-09 09:27:13.941: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:13.961: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:13.961: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:14.011: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834023--enter query.
04-09 09:27:14.081: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834094--leave query.
04-09 09:27:14.081: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:14.081: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:14.101: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834113--leave applyBatch.
04-09 09:27:14.111: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:14    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  125 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:14.121: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:14.121: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:14.131: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:14.262: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 140K, 43% free 3512K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 119ms
04-09 09:27:14.272: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:14.332: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834330--enter query.
04-09 09:27:14.392: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834406--leave query.
04-09 09:27:14.392: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:14.392: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:14.422: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:14    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  115 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:14.422: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:14.422: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:14.432: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:14.562: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 95K, 43% free 3517K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 119ms
04-09 09:27:14.572: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:14.632: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834644--enter query.
04-09 09:27:14.682: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834693--enter applyBatch.
04-09 09:27:14.712: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834728--leave query.
04-09 09:27:14.722: I/com.fd.httpd(843): sum size = 0
04-09 09:27:14.722: I/com.fd.httpd(843): Thread stateRUNNABLE
04-09 09:27:14.732: I/LogService(843): 2013-04-09   09:27:14    127.0.0.1   -   127.0.0.1   8182    POST    /library/do/summary -   200 64  53  149 http://null -   -
04-09 09:27:14.742: D/nicolas(843): HttpServerHelper commit
04-09 09:27:14.752: D/nicolas(843): sendResponse 1
04-09 09:27:14.762: D/nicolas(843): writeResponseBody
04-09 09:27:14.912: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 103K, 43% free 3517K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 144ms
04-09 09:27:14.932: I/LogFilter(843): Couldn't find the mandatory "Host" HTTP header.
04-09 09:27:14.962: I/com.fd.httpd(843): 1365479834978--enter query.
04-09 09:27:15.112: D/dalvikvm(843): GC_EXPLICIT freed 68K, 43% free 3523K/6151K, external 0K/0K, paused 136ms

A: This method is to view only specific logs,not to avoid unwanted logs coming in logcat.

adb shell logcat -s D/nicolas

or

adb shell logcat | grep D/nicolas

for example you only want to view log tagged "nicolas"

A: I think you've got it wrong, buddy.
Logcat takes down everything happened in your android phone, if you choose "verbose" or "debug" level.
And it seems that you've chosen "debug".
You can try to turn "debug" down to "warn" or "error", those messages which seems useless to you will disappear and won't bother you anymore.
However, I do NOT support you to do so because it will give you a whole look of your phone status, and you'll find it really useful in your later development!
Hope that my answer can help you solve your problem! ^_^

A: In Eclipse, when looking at the logcat tab in DDMS, there should be a 'Saved Filters' window just to the left of the actual logcat output. The filter is probably the way that you want to see just your messages (the ones you output, and also some system ones generated by your app), so you just need to get one that works.
For me, a session filter is usually automatically created, so whatever program I'm running gets filtered. Check for your program under 'All messages' and click on it. Here's a picture of what it looks like for me:

If the session filter is not automatically created, then just make one. Click on the green plus sign, and put your app name into the 'by Application Name' text box.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Calls for 'streamlined' access to mental health treatment
By Lucy Stone
51% of respondents believed the mental health care system was hard to navigate
63% found it 'daunting and confusing'
75% reported strong support from their GP when seeking help
Brisbane resident Matt Mahalo says if he had known what options were available for mental health treatment 15 years ago, his life could have taken a very different path.
Living with bipolar and chronic depression, Mr Mahalo, 33, now leads "a much happier life" after finding the treatment he needed.
Matt Mahalo, 33, believes access to the mental health system needs to be improved.
But he wonders what could have been different had he known what professional mental health treatment was available all those years ago.
Research commissioned by MLC Life Insurance has quizzed more than 500 Australians with mental health conditions who had sought treatment in the past 12 months.
The research showed that more than half struggled to navigate the mental health system, and a quarter were not even aware of support available.
Mr Mahalo said that was a familiar story for him.
"After 10 years I was suicidal because I thought it should have got better, and it was only getting worse," he said.
"My mental state was not getting better but also I turned to other things like drugs and alcohol and that just makes it so much worse.
"I realised that at that point I had a decision to make … I realised that it was really my approach to life and I needed help at that point.
"It wasn't an impossible situation but I just needed someone to help me.
"The real issue I guess was … I didn't know where to get that help."
Mr Mahalo said he twice tried to access proper treatment through the health system as he faced the complexities of different diagnoses.
"I really gave up on the healthcare system completely to be my solution, which is really sad," he said.
"I spent the next 15 years figuring out how to do life better – thankfully I learned a lot about how to lead a much happier life."
The research showed 63 per cent of respondents believed Australia's mental health system was too complicated to navigate, often requiring multiple specialist appointments to receive a diagnosis.
Seven in 10 respondents said their attempts to access the mental health system were "negative".
Those figures concern psychiatrist and Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Bernhard Baune.
Professor Baune said the processes for gaining access to mental health specialists needed to be streamlined to prevent people like Mr Mahalo giving up.
He said a "multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary approach" involving not just GPs but psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers and other professionals would help create a more holistic pathway.
"Seventy per cent of people had a negative experience in navigating the mental health system and find it daunting and confusing, and that is a large number which I found quite alarming," Professor Baune said.
The research was commissioned as part of a plan for MLC Life Insurance to provide specialist medical access to mental health clients.
In partnership with Best Doctors, the insurance company is launching its Mental Health Navigator, providing a specialist second opinion to customers to ensure their diagnosis is correct.
Mr Mahalo said he believed education and openness about mental health was critical, starting in school and continuing throughout life. Complexities around stigma, fear, and the sheer effort it could take a person struggling with mental health to pick up the phone and make an appointment were all issues that need to be addressed, Mr Mahalo believed.
"It's a really big thing, you really feel like you're putting yourself out there, not only in a financial sense but also in an emotional, vulnerable, sense to make an appointment," Mr Mahalo said.
"If someone was facilitating that, that would be great."
Anyone needing support can call Lifeline on 13 11 14.


Over the break, I read Mark Helprin's outstanding novel A Soldier of the Great War, a work of historical fiction taking place just before and through World War I. As the novel, begins, he writes of his main character, Alessandro: "Throughout his life he had suffered periods of despair only to be lifted from them and to rise at the speed of falling." It's one of the best sentences I have come across in some time. It's the gospel. We fall. We despair. We make mistakes, but always the grace of God lifts us - and we find ourselves rising at the speed of falling - even as we will in the fullness of time. It does not mean life will be circumstantially easy, only that His love and grace will always overwhelm the sin and evil that so fills our world and our hearts. In essence, it was my sermon on Christmas Eve. Truth: we're a mess. Grace: we are cherished, delighted in and forgiven by God's love.
How can a person parachute off the 22nd floor of the 55 West Building, land on Church Street, gather up his chute and walk away - and never be found?
We need to continue to work on healing the racial divide in our city and in our country. For that reason, I was deeply disturbed by one piece of collateral damage from the election cycle. Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan declared in a speech before the State of the Black World Conference, "The white man is going to push. My message to Mr. Trump: push it real good. That's what we needed as motivation to finally separate from whites. Push it so good that black people finally say, "I'm outta here." This is absolutely NOT the rhetoric or leadership we need. We don't need strident separtist groups and we must speak out vehemently against them. We need to move towards one another, not away, building relationships instead of inciting hatred.
MOVIE REVIEWS: I saw two movies over the break and both were disappointing. LA LA LAND: I give it a 5 on a 10 scale. The first hour was about as slow as it can get, and then the second hour provides emotional manipulation as the Director completely takes advantage of your sensibilities and wrecks you at the end. There were some great scenes - a few good song and dance numbers - but all in all, not very good. PASSENGERS: I give it a 7. Premise is a bit hard to imagine, but the acting was so good by Chris Pratt and Jennifer Lawrence that they make you believe it. Very enjoyable. ROGUE ONE: A 10!! It was awesome. Start to finish, it plugs in missing elements of the story while adding great texture and depth to the entire franchise.
Congrats to Margaret Peebles for completing a cold Disney Marathon yesterday and doing it without her training parter, Jack Peebles. Deep condolences to Jack, who after all that training, hurt his back early and could not finish.


CAIRO, July 15 (Aswat Masriya) Egypt's former Prime Minister Hisham Kandil has not been released from prison yet, his lawyer told Aswat Masriya, adding that the Dokki police station is finalising the legal proceedings for him to be released within hours.
Yasser Mahmoud, Kandil's lawyer, said that the delay was due to administrative procedures.
Egypt's Cassation Court accepted the appeal of Kandil on Sunday, acquitting him and suspending his sentencing to one year in prison.
He was sentenced for failing to execute a court order, relating to the reinstatement of employees at Tanta's linen company, while he served as prime minister.
Kandil tendered his resignation last July following the ousting of President Mohamed Mursi who appointed him.


text:
NTU Hockey's Caro called for Commonwealth Games
As the 2018 Commonwealth Games get underway, NTU's own Hockey Scholar Caro Hulme will be one of the athletes preparing to hopefully make her mark on the world stage.
Caro has her eye on commonwealth gold
Hockey Wales
Today kicks off the 2018 Commonwealth Games, where athletes from 71 different nations will take on the world's best in sports across the board.
This year's event goes ahead in Australia's Gold Coast, where today a breath-taking opening ceremony set the pace for what will be an exciting display for sports fans everywhere.
As the games get underway, NTU Hockey Scholar Caro Hulme will be one of the athletes preparing to hopefully make her mark on the world stage.
Competing for Wales, the midfielder was selected as a travelling reserve after an exceptional few weeks with the national training group, having also helped NTU Hockey to victory.
But now Caro has been called to play in one of the biggest events on the international calendar, after a broken thumb has taken teammate Danni Jordan out of competition.
In total 275 gold medals will be won across the 12 day games, where, for the first time at a major multi-sport competition, there is an equal number of men's and women's medal events.
At a time when NTU is also celebrating a continued boost in female sport, Caro will be hoping to help bring her team to victory in one of those events.
Caro has been instrumental in the success of the Women's 1st XI this season. She has come back strong to regain full fitness after an initial injury, and her high level of performance has been pivotal to the team winning Midlands 1A. Credit also goes to the support staff at NTU for getting her back on the pitch as quickly as they did. She has also made a big impact at her club side, Beeston HC, helping them to win the Investec National Conference North title. It's exciting times in general for Women's Hockey at NTU. We now have five competitive teams as well as starting Intra-mural tournaments this season. Most teams have finished near the top of their league with the 1st XI having their most successful season to date.
NTU Hockey Performance Coach Mark Wadsley
We are very proud to be represented by hardworking and talented scholars like Caro, and wish her the very best of luck at what will be one of the biggest competitions of her hockey career so far.
The Women's Hockey event will go ahead tomorrow (April 5). See a daily schedule of Women's Hockey.
The Commonwealth Games come to an end on April 15, see a full breakdown of the sports schedule.
Published on 4 April 2018
Category: Sport
New year offers with NTU Sport
Commit to Fit this January with NTU Sport
ntu.ac.uk/about-us/news/news-articles/2021/12/commit-to-fit-new-year-offers-and-opportunities
This Girl Can Week Returns
ntu.ac.uk/about-us/news/news-articles/2021/11/this-girl-can-week-returns-to-ntu
NTU Sport does Black Friday
We are excited to bring you a whole week packed full of Black Friday deals exclusively from NTU Sport. Save up to 50% with our most competitive offers to date.
ntu.ac.uk/about-us/news/news-articles/2021/ntu-sport-does-black-friday


Our mission is to connect the world's photographers. Every month, millions of people from around the world use our website and mobile apps to find, share, and get rewarded for the world's most inspiring photography.
We take pride in the products we ship and love what we do. Our engineering culture values mentorship, ownership, collaboration, and getting stuff done.
Our technology stack includes: React, Redux, ES6, Ruby on Rails, Python, Go, MySQL, MongoDB, Redis, ElasticSearch, and various Amazon AWS services. Check out our Engineering Blog for more.
500px, the world's premier photography community, is looking for a Software Developer in Test to lead our automation testing efforts.
As a part of this role, you will be accountable for development and implementing our automated testing strategy across all of our tech stacks. Focusing on web frontend and middleware first you will be a critical part of our team and help reach our quality goals.
Work with various engineering teams and product owners to analyze and test new features.
Create and update testing plans and test cases based on product features, requirements and prioritization from product team.
Develop and optimize a continuous testing and integration solutions.
Analyze results, produce weekly reports and help diagnose test failures.
Provide guidance, feedback and support to engineering teams to improve code quality and testability.
Ability to understand requirements and software architectures.
Experience with Agile (Scrum and Kanban) development methodologies.
Previous experience with automated testing either at the API level or UI level.
Previous experience with at least one testing frameworks: Mocha, Chai, Selenium, Cucumber, Appium, etc. Bonus points for mobile testing frameworks: EarlGrey or Espresso.
3+ years general web development experience.
Strong analytical skills, ability to find unconventional solutions to problems and open minded to innovation and new solutions.
Phone screen: < 30 min conversation with a hiring manager.
In-person interviews: 3-5 hours at our office where you'll meet multiple members of our team.
We believe diverse teams perform better, and we seek to increase our overall team diversity. We make active efforts to reduce the impact of unconscious bias in our hiring process.


text:
What is Ashura? How this Shiite Muslim holiday inspires millions
(The Conversation) – Many Muslims mark the commemoration of a martyr by working for social justice.
Ashura commemorations in Syria in 2017. Photo by Tasnim News Agency/Creative Commons
Noorzehra Zaidi
(The Conversation) — Tens of millions of Shiite Muslims from around the world will visit Iraq on Sept. 10 this year to see the shrines of Hussain, grandson of Prophet Mohammed, and his brother Abbas on the day of "Ashura."
This annual pilgrimage marks the 10th day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic new year. As the Islamic calendar is a lunar one, the day of Ashura changes from year to year.
Muslims visit the shrines to observe the martyrdom day of Hussain, who was killed in the desert of Karbala in today's Iraq in A.D. 680. Shiite Muslims believe that Hussain was their third imam – a line of 12 divinely appointed spiritual and political successors.
Muharram may be an ancient festival, but as my research tracing the modern-day impact of Islamic pilgrimage shows, its meaning has changed over the centuries. What was once a commemoration of martyrdom today inspires much more, including social justice work around the globe.
Martyrdom of Hussein
The story of Muharram dates back 13 centuries, to events that followed the death of Prophet Mohammed.
After the prophet's death in A.D. 632, a dispute emerged over who would inherit the leadership of the Muslim community and the title of caliph, or "deputy of God." A majority of Muslims backed Abu Bakr, a close companion of the prophet, to become the first caliph. A minority wanted the prophet's cousin and son-in-law, Ali. Those that supported his claim later came to be called Shiite Muslims.
Even if Ali was not made the caliph, Shiite Muslims would consider Ali their first imam – a leader divinely appointed by God. The title of imam would be passed on to his sons and his descendants.
Political leadership largely remained out of the hands of Shiite Imams. They would not be caliphs, but Shiites came to believe that their imam was the true leader to be followed.
By the time Ali's youngest son, Hussain, came to be the third imam, divisions between the caliph and the imam had further deepened.
The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Photo by Alessandra Kocman/Creative Commons
In A.D. 680, during the holy month of Muharram, a caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, Yazīd, ordered Hussain to pledge allegiance to him and his caliphate – a dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from A.D. 661 to 750.
Hussain refused because he believed Yazīd's rule to be unjust and illegitimate.
His rejection resulted in a massive 10-day standoff at Karbala, in modern-day Iraq, between Umayyad's large army and Hussain's small band, which included his half-brother, wives, children, sisters and closest followers.
The Umayyad army cut off food and water for Hussain and his companions. And on the day of Ashura, Hussain was brutally killed. Among the men, only Hussain's sick son was spared. Women were unveiled – a violation of their honor as the family members of the prophet – and paraded to Damascus, the seat of Umayyad rule.
Passion plays and performances
This history is reenacted throughout the world on the day of Ashura.
In Iraq, millions of pilgrims fill the streets to visit the shrines, chanting poems of lamentation, and witness a reenactment of violence in Karbala and the capture of the women and children.
Lights of Hussain's shrine, in Karbala, present-day Iraq, change from white to red, the color of martyrdom, on the first night of Muharram, while the crowds chant 'Labbayk Ya Husayn,' meaning 'I am here, Hussein,' answering the call he is believed to have made centuries earlier.
From New York and London to Hyderabad and Melbourne, thousands take part in Ashura processions carrying replicas of Hussein's battle standard and following a white horse. This symbolizes Hussein's riderless horse returning to the camp after his martyrdom.
Persian passion plays known as "taziyeh," music dramas of the many martyrs and tragedies of Karbala, are performed across Iran and many other countries. Taziyeh performances are meant to evoke deep emotions of grief in the audience.
A powerful set of themes
Numerous historians and anthropologists have explored how communities across time and space have adapted the story of Karbala or the rituals around Ashūrā.
In the 16th century, a vast majority of the population across Persia, or today's Iran, would be converted to Shiite Muslims. In this region, the passion plays evolved into a popular form of religious and artistic expression.
The character of Zainab, the Prophet Mohammed's granddaughter, has also come to play a central role in remembrance of the Karbala story.
Scholars have drawn attention to speeches in which Zainab denounced the violence in Karbala and lauded Hussain's "martyrdom."
Today, Zainab is seen as a strong female model of resistance.
In the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the story of Karbala became a rallying point for opponents of the shah, who were fighting against the shah's brutal and oppressive regime. They compared the shah to the caliph Yazīd and argued that ordinary Iranians had to stand up to an oppressor, just like Hussain had.
Zainab's resistance to oppression helped emphasize the role of women in Islamic society.
Anthropologist Michael Fischer calls this the "Karbala paradigm" – a story that captures a powerful set of themes, including people standing up to the state and fighting for justice and morality.
Inspiring change?
Today the story of Karbala has become a powerful tool of fight for social justice in Muslim communities.
"Who is Hussain?," a social movement with chapters in over 60 cities worldwide, carries out charitable activities and blood donations in the name of Hussain. Volunteers are encouraged to organize around events that will be meaningful in their communities and will tie into social justice issues that Hussain is believed to have fought for.
In 2018, local volunteers donated tens of thousands of bottles of water in Flint, Michigan in remembrance of Hussain and his companions, who were denied water for three days before they were killed.
As historian Yitzhak Nakash points out, the tragedy of Karbala gives Shiite Muslims a common narrative to pass on to the next generations. And commemorating it in multiple ways is an part of their unique identity.
(Noorzehra Zaidi is an assistant professor of history at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. This post originally ran on Religion News Service in September 2019. The views expressed in this commentary do not necessarily reflect those of Religion News Service.)
FaithIslamOpinionWorld
US official latest to comment on NBA owner's dismissal of Uyghur genocide
African American Muslims among those targeted by anti-Muslim group
Illinois marks 'Muhammad Ali Day' as boxer's legacy continues
Federal ruling paves way for Mississippi mosque construction project
Israel's national library sees Arabic site traffic boom


When people think about polished concrete floors, they often think of the negatives – cold, industrial and in particular, noisy – rather than the positives – versatility, longevity, low maintenance, economical, beautiful.
Comdain Homes has recently designed and built a home with polished concrete floors, high ceilings, and floor to ceiling feature glass walls and windows. Coupled with minimal furniture, the design called for a solution to combat noise reverberation and echoes.
A key point when building the home was to ensure we had a solution to improve the acoustics throughout the home without compromising the overall style.
This was achieved through the use of Gyprock's Perforated Plasterboard in Standard 6mm Round for the ceilings, which created a smooth, stylish and clean design with excellent acoustic properties.
If you're thinking about building your dream home, Comdain Homes has experienced architects and designers who can employ clever design features to make your custom luxury built home uniquely yours.


text:
Sponsorship Pulled from Portland Marathon, Raising Questions About Fall Racing
Oregon Health and Sciences University did not directly discourage runners from participating in the mass event, but stated it was "doing everything" to avoid burdening overloaded hospitals.
September 8, 2021 Malissa Rodenburg
from Women's Running
On September 1, Oregon Health and Science University announced that it would "postpone" sponsorship of the Portland Marathon scheduled for October 3. In a press release, OHSU cited concerns around the state of the COVID-19 pandemic. "Our hospitals are at their fullest capacity, our members are exhausted, and we are doing everything we can to avoid adding to their burden," the statement read.
Cases have risen significantly in Oregon since the beginning and middle of summer, but have trended slightly downward in the last 14 days (a 9 percent decrease). Deaths and hospitalizations have risen by 25 and 21 percent respectively in the last two weeks.
According to data from the New York Times, Portland in particular is a "very high" area of risk for unvaccinated people, based on recent cases.
The Portland Marathon is one of several races returning in-person this fall, including the much larger World Marathon Majors: the Chicago Marathon on October 10, the Boston Marathon on October 11, and the New York City Marathon on November 7.
RELATED: The 2021 Boston Marathon Will Allow 20,000 Runners
However, other marathons have made the decision to cancel once again. Citing the unknown impact of the Delta variant of the coronavirus and local restrictions, the New Jersey Marathon, which was slated for October, was canceled.
The October 17 Tokyo Marathon will only go on for local runners, while overseas participants will have to run virtually or defer until 2023.
The Portland Marathon intends to go on with their COVID-19 safety protocols in place. All runners, staff, and volunteers will be required to show proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test within 72 hours of the race. Following local guidelines, participants will also be required to wear a mask at the expo, packet pick-up, on the start and finish lines; 4,000 runners are anticipated on race day.
"Participation in the marathon, as a runner or volunteer, is, of course, a personal decision for our members and the general public, but as Oregon's academic health center and a public leader in health and science, OHSU will not be sponsoring this year's event," says OHSU.
The Portland Marathon released the following statement in response:
"The Portland Marathon recognizes the incredible work being done by OHSU in the continued battle against COVID-19. We understand and appreciate their decision to postpone their sponsorship of the race so that they can focus on the monumental task at hand. The Portland Marathon will proceed as planned on October 3rd and will strictly adhere to all current health protocols enacted by local authorities. Additionally, all runners in this year's race will be required to provide proof of vaccination or negative test results prior to being allowed to participate."
In much of the rest of the country, community transmission of the virus is high, according to the CDC. COVID-19 deaths are projected to continue to rise into the middle of October. It remains to be seen how the changing nature of the virus will affect the 2021 fall racing season.
RELATED: 18 Months After COVID-19, This Ultrarunner is Still Struggling
For a Better Cooldown, Start With Tempo-Paced Reps
Should You Be Pumping More Iron into Your Diet?
The Science of Being Seen At Night
Molly Hanson
Portland Marathon


The wait is nearly over!
Permalink to The wait is nearly over!
Coming next week! Available to order online from the 14th November, Dispatch will begin on Friday 17th of November.
C109 FV432 PEAK Conversion. £32.00. Includes a backdated exhaust and hull roof in line with the service period of the type and all the PEAK GPMG Turret and colour decals.
C110 FV432-30 MCV Conversion. £42.00. This exterior set includes accurate and detailed Fox turret, mating collar, backdated exhaust, backdated hull roof and revised vehicle cupola. Also in the set are full colour decals and an accurate painting guide for the Berlin Camouflage scheme researched from a serving vehicle.
C111 FV438 Swingfire ATGW Conversion. £42.00. This exterior set includes the Swingfire turret, backdated exhaust, backdated hull roof and full colour decals.
C112 FV432 Ambulance Conversion. £20.00. Includes parts for up to 4 fitted stretchers, Med Kit and colour decals.
These products will go live on the website next week! Check out the 'New' section.
A small allocation of stock will be available at the IPMS Nationals at the Telford International Centre on the 11th and 12th of November on a 'first come, first served' basis.
Early pattern side skirts and rear mudguards.
The last FV 438's in service when they returned to the RAC in the mid 80's had the updated rear stowage bins to accomodate the Togs remote sight/firing stand. These were quite large armoured bins. Have these been included in the update?
What're the costs of the conversion sets, especially the C110 'Fox Turret' please?
EC prices inc tax are £42 for FV432-30 & FV438 , £32 for FV432 peak, and £20 for the Ambulance.
When are these going to be added to the website?
The new items will be added to our website when we return from SMS17 next week.


text:
Definizione
Secondo la definizione data dalla IUPAC, la chemioselettività è la proprietà di un reagente chimico, o in generale di una reazione chimica, di reagire preferenzialmente con un numero limitato di gruppi funzionali. Un reagente ha una alta chemioselettività se mostra una tendenza elevata a reagire con alcuni gruppi funzionali anche in presenza di gruppi funzionali differenti.Il termine chemiospecificità, usato per indicare una chemioselettività molto vicina al 100 %, è oggi considerato obsoleto dalla IUPAC che ne scoraggia l'uso.

La chemioselettività è una proprietà chimica difficile da predire a priori, dato che può essere predetta in modo preciso solo facendo avvenire le reazioni in ambiente controllati e riproducibili.

Esempio di chemioselettività in base al gruppo funzionale
Il boroidruro di sodio è un riducente molto chemioselettivo, essendo il riducente più indicato per trattare un reagente contenente il gruppo funzionale carbonilico, (aldeidi e chetoni) riducendolo al gruppo alcolico. Il sodio boroidruro riduce preferenzialmente il gruppo carbonilico anche in presenza nello stesso reagente di un gruppo funzionale in apparenza molto simile, quale il gruppo carbossilico. Per questa reazione il sodio boroidruro è più indicato del tetraidroalluminato di litio., poiché quest'ultimo ridurrebbe eccessivamente il gruppo carbonilico, dando come prodotto un alcano.

Reazione

La chemioselettività del sodio boroidruro verso il gruppo carbonilico di chetoni e aldeidi è dovuta notevole elettrofilia dell'atomo di carbonio carbonilico. Infatti il sodio boroidruro è un riducente nucleofilo che tende a reagire con elettrofili. La minor elettrofilia del carbonio carbossilico attrae meno lo ione nucleofilo boroidruro. Per lo stesso motivo di non elevata elettrofilia, il sodio boroidruro ha molta difficoltà a ridurre il carbonio del gruppo ammidico o del gruppo estereo.

Esempio di chemioselettività in base al pKa
La chemioselettività può essere gestita secondo la costante di acidità di un composto. Prendendo ad esempio un reagente in cui sono presenti un gruppo alcolico, avente pKa di circa 16, e un gruppo alchini, avente pKa di circa 25, aggiungendo un equivalente di sodio etossilato, si avrà la perdita del solo idrogeno alcolico. Ciò è dovuto alla maggior facilità di strappare l'idrogeno al gruppo alcolico rispetto al gruppo alchino data la sua maggior acidità.

Reazione

Note

Voci correlate
Selettività (chimica)
Stereoselettività
Stereospecificità

Collegamenti esterni
 Definizione IUPAC

Stereochimica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Choosing to do painting basement floor requires people to carefully decide on which method they want to do. This is because the basement is a closed room, and mostly never has sunlight coming through inside and thus makes it becomes humid. Moreover, the basement floor is what people see when they enter this room. In this case, there are several steps to follow before the floor is ready to paint. Check out all those steps needed and apply it to the basement for the perfect accent.
The first step to do is to clean through the floor before it is ready to paint. Painting basement floor design then can be done after the process. People should also check the humidity of the room because if it is too hot or too cold, then it is better not to paint it. After that, remove all items and furniture in the area that will be painted. It can be done by sweeping the floor or people can even mopping this area to make sure it is clean.
Next step is to protect baseboards and fixtures. This can be achieved by taping off the perimeter and with masking tape. This way, people can do it much faster. After all, preparations are done, then the next thing to do is to choose paint, including color, brand, and how many accent colors to be used. But, make sure to mix paint with catalyst because it hardens the paint quickly.
It is not that hard to, about this painting floor thing. The requirement is for people to have the best preparations for all needed items. Or, actually, people can always use tiles or even installing a wooden floor so that they do not have to paint any surface. However, if the painting is the desired effect, then the stunning painting basement floor design should be chosen, which can be achieved by the home owner's personal taste.


text:
Q: Error :The transaction has been reverted to the initial state // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

contract modifierExample{

    address admin ;

    constructor() public {
        admin == msg.sender;
    }

    modifier isAdmin {
        require(admin == msg.sender,"you are not the owner");
        _;
    }

    modifier isExp(uint exp) {
        if(exp >= 5)
        _;
        else
        revert("you are not experienced");
    }

    struct employeeDetails{
        uint iD;
        string name;
        uint age;
    }

    mapping (uint => employeeDetails) getDetailsByNum;

    function enterDetails(uint number,
                          uint iD,
                          string memory name,
                          uint age) public isAdmin isExp(5) {
                              employeeDetails memory EmployeeDetails = employeeDetails(iD,name,age);
                              getDetailsByNum[number] = EmployeeDetails;
                          }

    function getDetailsByNumber(uint number) public view returns (employeeDetails memory) {
        return getDetailsByNum[number];
    }

}

Why did I encounter this error?????
After entering the details it is throwing me an error as mentioned below
transact to modifierExample.enterDetails errored: VM error: revert.
revert
The transaction has been reverted to the initial state.
Reason provided by the contract: "you are not the owner".
Debug the transaction to get more information.

A: Your enterDetails() function uses the isAdmin modifier.
As per the following code, any function that uses the isAdmin modifier, can be executed only by the address that deployed the contract.
address admin ;

constructor() public {
    admin == msg.sender;
}

modifier isAdmin {
    require(admin == msg.sender,"you are not the owner");
    _;
}

You're getting the you are not the owner error because you're trying to execute the function from some other address than the admin.


Did we miss the 20th anniversary of Tuck?
Senior Prank worthy of Tuck & co.
Has The Saga of Tuck ended?
Why did this make me think of Tuck?
What is the sound of Tuck's voice?
A thought about choices Tuck might make about his body.
I prithee, answer me great lady!


The Schtick: Octomore Release 7.3 is 100% all Islay made – distilled from grains harvested at the Octomore farm on Lorgba. Gesundheit. It is peated, pre-distillation, to 169PPM and then aged in ex-bourbon and spanish wine casks. Bruichladdich tells us that these are Ribera Del Duero wine casks. I only know what some of those words mean.
Nose: Massive peat and pepper. Salty, briney lemons and vanilla pound cake. Yep it's an Octo, here we go! The BBQ sets in with some sweet savory meaty notes and then a hint of fudge. A bit more lemon, zesty this time and then that Octomore pepper swings back for one more punishing blow.
Finish: Long and creamy. A bit of heat, but at 126proof, I'm not bothered. Custard, smoke and more BBQ. It lumbers away with one last hit of zesty lemon and pepper.
Overall: I want to not like Octomore. It's young and it is expensive. But boy is it good. It's powerful. Punishing. Offensive. And I love it. To me, it is every bit as good as its older brothers – the PC 11 and PC12. For this reason, it also scores an 8.
I promise I"m not stuck in a groove, like a broken record. I've done PC11, PC12 and Octo 7.3 back to back in consecutive nights and boy what a week that has made. This review ends my exclusive affair with peat for a brief while, but like always, I know I'll be back. Thanks for reading.


text:
Sulima é uma cidade da Serra Leoa. Fica na foz do rio Moa e conta com uma importante comunidade de refugiados da Libéria, devido à proximidade da fronteira com este país.

Cidades da Serra Leoa


Peacefully at Victoria Hospital on Wednesday, February 8th, 2017, with family by his side in his 81st year. Beloved husband of Dorothy. Cherished step-father of Shelley Hagar (Gordon), Michael Peck (Heidi), and Carolyn Williams (Tom). Dear Papa to Darren, Ethan, Kelly, David and Ben. Brother-in-law to Carol, Bill (Brenda), Marilyn (Herbert), Gloria (Late Ken and Late Tom), and Ken (Pam). Uncle to many nieces and nephews. Predeceased by his brother, Ken. Cremation has taken place. A memorial service will be held at Westview Funeral Chapel. 709 Wonderland Road, North on Thursday, April 13, 2017 at 1:30 p.m. with visitation from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. Interment of cremated remains at Woodland Cemetery, London. Those wishing to make donations in memory of Jack are asked to consider Parkinson Society Southwestern Ontario or a charity of your choice.
Ross McEwenVery sad to hear about Jack's passing. I remember him very fondly. He always made me feel welcome and like one of the family. A nice sense of humour and always interested in what I had to say. A big part of my youth growing up back in Winnipeg. My sincere condolences to Dorothy as well as Shelley, Mike and Carolyn.
Don & Brenda PineoOur sincere condolences to you, Dorothy, and your family on Jack's passing. What a kind and wonderful man he was.


text:
Q: HTML Table Cells Not Aligning with Fixed Table Headers I've been having a hard time working with this table recently. I have it set up to have fixed headers to allow vertical scrolling but want to avoid horizontal scrolling so the header's width is fixed to fit inside the table container.
The problem I am running into is that I then need to adjust the width of some of the data cells because some of them are quite wide. To address this I set the max width on the data cells to a certain amount,  hide the overflow, and reveal on hover, but the issue I have now is that the columns do not align with the headers.
Does anyone know how I can adjust the CSS to fix this? Here is a code pen where I tried to recreate it as best I could: https://codepen.io/BRINGE5/pen/zYWyoza Here is an Image of the Original Version
Here is what the styles look like in the code pen:
<style>
  .tableFixedHeader {
    width: 1650px;
    table-layout: fixed;
    border-collapse: collapse;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader tbody {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    overflow-y: auto;
    height: 100px;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader thead tr {
    display: block;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader thead {
    background: rgb(18, 97, 31);
    color: #fff
  }

  .tableFixedHeader tbody td {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    max-width: 100px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader th,
  .tableFixedHeader td {
    padding: 3px;
    text-align: center;
    width: 200px;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader thead th {
    color: #ffffff;
    background-color: #2f722f;
  }

  .tableFixedHeader tr:nth-child(even) {
    background: #83e98394;
  }

  .tableCell:hover span {
    transform: translateY(70%) scale(1);
  }

  .tableDetails {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    transform: translateY(70%) scale(0);
    transition: transform .1s ease-in;
    transform-origin: left;
    display: inline;
    background: white;
    z-index: 20;
    min-width: 30%;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid black;
    text-align: left;
  }
</style>


text:
var io = require('socket.io-client')
  , ss = require('socket.io-stream')
  , fs = require('fs');

module.exports = function (kartIP, carPort, cb) {
  var socket = io.connect(kartIP, {
    port: carPort
  });

  socket.on('connect', function () {
    console.log('socket connected');

    var sendController = function (filepath, filename){
      var stream = ss.createStream();
      ss(socket).emit('addController', stream, {name: filename});
      fs.createReadStream(filepath).pipe(stream);
    };

    var sendCommand = function (options) {
      socket.emit('execute', options);
    };

    cb({ sendController: sendController,
         sendCommand: sendCommand
    });

  });
};


text:
[NCABS] National Federation of the Blind Applauds Report of United States Commission on Civil Rights
National Federation of the Blind webmaster at nfb.org
Thu Sep 17 20:30:17 UTC 2020
Next message (by thread): [NCABS] NFB-NEWSLINE® Mobile 3.0 with KNFB Reader Basic Released
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND APPLAUDS REPORT OF UNITED STATES
COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND (SEPTEMBER 17, 2020): The National Federation of the
Blind, America's civil rights organization of the blind, issued the below
statement regarding a report from the United States Commission on Civil
Rights entitled _Subminimum Wages: Impacts on the Civil Rights of People
with Disabilities_ [2]:
"Ever since our founding eighty years ago, the National Federation of the
Blind has opposed the payment of subminimum wages to blind and disabled
Americans under Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act," said Mark
Riccobono, President of the National Federation of the Blind. "We commend
the report of the United States Commission on Civil Rights issued today and
applaud the Commission's call for the end of the antiquated and
discriminatory 14(c) program. While we will further review the report to
assess its details and recommendations, the Commission's work is a giant
step toward eliminating the historic injustice of subminimum wages and
creating true equality of opportunity for workers with disabilities. We
urge the general public to actively join us in standing against this
injustice and to work meaningfully toward its elimination from our local
communities."
ABOUT THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND
The National Federation of the Blind (NFB), headquartered in Baltimore, is
the oldest and largest nationwide organization of blind Americans. Founded
in 1940, the NFB consists of affiliates, chapters, and divisions in the
fifty states, Washington DC, and Puerto Rico. The NFB defends the rights of
blind people of all ages and provides information and support to families
with blind children, older Americans who are losing vision, and more. We
believe in the hopes and dreams of blind people and work together to
transform them into reality. Learn more about our many programs and
initiatives at www.nfb.org [3].
Chris Danielsen
National Federation of the Blind
cdanielsen at nfb.org
National Federation of the Blind | 200 E Wells Street | Baltimore, MD
21230 | 410-659-9314
Unsubscribe [9] | Opt Out [10] | Sign Up for Our E-newsletter [11]
[1] https://www.nfb.org/libraries/civicrm/extern/url.php?u=18478&qid=4148141
[9] https://www.nfb.org/civicrm/mailing/unsubscribe?reset=1&jid=15047&qid=4148141&h=4f947e86492e1615
[10] https://www.nfb.org/civicrm/mailing/optout?reset=1&jid=15047&qid=4148141&h=4f947e86492e1615
[11] https://www.nfb.org/libraries/civicrm/extern/url.php?u=18465&qid=4148141
More information about the NCABS mailing list


This month of love we are giving you a romantic 20% off all lipsticks and fragrances in store. We have a large variety of incredibly popular lipsticks and fragrances in store. Pop in and try on a few shades and you might just find your new fav! We also have new arrivals in our ladies perfumes department, now is the perfect time to shop fragrances!
This offer is valid from 11 until 17 February 2019 and is available in store only.
PreviousPrevious post:20% Off Foundations In Store!NextNext post:Clinique Free Gift Now On!


MULTAN: Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said that the creation of South Punjab province is a necessity which cannot be ignored.
Talking to newsmen in Multan, the minister said that establishing a separate province in South Punjab was part of PTI's manifesto. The minister said that a committee had been set up on the issue to develop political consensus as no single party is in a position to bring constitutional amendment to pave the way for the creation of South Punjab province.
A local media outlet reported that South Punjab Secretariat under an additional chief secretary would be constituted as a first step in creating South Punjab province, the Executive Council on Creation of South Punjab agreed in its first meeting.
Final decision on the matter, however, will be taken by Prime Minister Imran Khan.
The secretariat would either be established in Multan or Bahawalpur.
On another question, he said that he does not see any possibility of governor's rule in Sindh and it is baseless news.
He further said that the accountability institutions are not dictated by the government and that no one is being pressurized.
"We want the process of accountability to continue," he said, adding that "accountability institutions are not dictated by the government and Pakistan People's Party (PPP) Co-Chairman Asif Ali Zardari is aware that we are not pressuring anyone".


Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage 3 Shelf Rack In White Bed Bath Beyond is part of great design ideas. Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage 3 Shelf Rack In White Bed Bath Beyond was created by combining fantastic ideas, interesting arrangements, and follow the current trends in the field of that make you more inspired and give artistic touches. We'd be honored if you can apply some or all of these design in your wedding. believe me, brilliant ideas would be perfect if it can be applied in real and make the people around you amazed!
Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage 3 Shelf Rack In White Bed Bath Beyond was posted in October 9, 2018 at 12:48 pm. Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage 3 Shelf Rack In White Bed Bath Beyond has viewed by 49 users. Click it and download the Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage 3 Shelf Rack In White Bed Bath Beyond.
Shoe Storage, Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage was posted October 17, 2016 at 10:32 am by self-defensethoughts.info . More over Rolling Underbed Shoe Storage has viewed by 18591 visitor.