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Kelsey Ford: From the Stacks: J. M. Ledgard's Submergence (0 comment)
Our blog feature, "From the Stacks," features our booksellers' favorite older books: those fortuitous used finds, underrated masterpieces, and lesser known treasures. Basically: the books that we're the most passionate about handselling. This week, we're featuring Kelsey F.'s pick, Submergence by J. M. Ledgard...
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Kelsey Ford: Powell's Picks Spotlight: Grady Hendrix's 'How to Sell a Haunted House' (0 comment)
by R J Palacio
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I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you're thinking, it's probably worse.
August (Auggie) Pullman was born with a facial deformity that prevented him from going to a mainstream school—until now. He's about to start 5th grade at Beecher Prep, and if you've ever been the new kid then you know how hard that can be. The thing is Auggie's just an ordinary kid, with an extraordinary face. But can he convince his new classmates that he's just like them, despite appearances?
R. J. Palacio has written a spare, warm, uplifting story that will have readers laughing one minute and wiping away tears the next. With wonderfully realistic family interactions (flawed, but loving), lively school scenes, and short chapters, Wonder is accessible to readers of all levels.
From the Hardcover edition.
SOON TO BE A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE STARRING JULIA ROBERTS, OWEN WILSON, AND JACOB TREMBLAY
Over 5 million people have read the #1New York TimesbestsellerWONDER and have fallen in love with Auggie Pullman, an ordinary boy with an extraordinary face.
The book that inspired the Choose Kind movement.
August Pullman was born with a facial difference that, up until now, has prevented him from going to a mainstream school. Starting 5th grade at Beecher Prep, he wants nothing more than to be treated as an ordinary kid but his new classmates can t get past Auggie s extraordinary face. WONDER, now a #1New York Times bestseller and included on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list, begins from Auggie s point of view, but soon switches to include his classmates, his sister, her boyfriend, and others. These perspectives converge in a portrait of one community s struggle with empathy, compassion, and acceptance.
"Wonder is the best kids' book of the year," said Emily Bazelon, senior editor at Slate.com and author of Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy. In a world where bullying among young people is an epidemic, this is a refreshing new narrative full of heart and hope. R.J. Palacio has called her debut novel a meditation on kindness indeed, every reader will come away with a greater appreciation for the simple courage of friendship. Auggie is a hero to root for, a diamond in the rough who proves that you can t blend in when you were born to stand out.
Join the conversation: #thewonderofwonder
Millions of people have read the #1 New York Times bestseller WONDER and fallen in love with Auggie Pullman, an ordinary boy with an extraordinary face.
The book that inspired the Choose Kind movement, a major motion picture, and the upcoming, critically acclaimed graphic novel White Bird - on sale 10/1/2019
August Pullman was born with a facial difference that, up until now, has prevented him from going to a mainstream school. Starting 5th grade at Beecher Prep, he wants nothing more than to be treated as an ordinary kid--but his new classmates can't get past Auggie's extraordinary face. WONDER, now a #1 New York Times bestseller and included on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list, begins from Auggie's point of view, but soon switches to include his classmates, his sister, her boyfriend, and others. These perspectives converge in a portrait of one community's struggle with empathy, compassion, and acceptance.
"Wonder is the best kids' book of the year," said Emily Bazelon, senior editor at Slate.com and author of Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy. In a world where bullying among young people is an epidemic, this is a refreshing new narrative full of heart and hope. R.J. Palacio has called her debut novel "a meditation on kindness" --indeed, every reader will come away with a greater appreciation for the simple courage of friendship. Auggie is a hero to root for, a diamond in the rough who proves that you can't blend in when you were born to stand out.
Join the conversation: #thewonderofwonder, #choosekind
Kindness brings us together no matter how far apart we are. Millions of people have read the #1 New York Times bestseller WONDER and fallen in love with Auggie Pullman, an ordinary boy with an extraordinary face. A perfect read for back to school -- no matter what that looks like
The book that inspired the Choose Kind movement, a major motion picture, and the critically acclaimed graphic novel White Bird.
#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - Millions of people have fallen in love with Auggie Pullman, an ordinary boy with an extraordinary face--who shows us that kindness brings us together no matter how far apart we are. Read the book that inspired the Choose Kind movement, a major motion picture, and the critically acclaimed graphic novel White Bird.
August Pullman was born with a facial difference that, up until now, has prevented him from going to a mainstream school. Starting 5th grade at Beecher Prep, he wants nothing more than to be treated as an ordinary kid--but his new classmates can't get past Auggie's extraordinary face. Beginning from Auggie's point of view and expanding to include his classmates, his sister, her boyfriend, and others, the perspectives converge to form a portrait of one community's struggle with empathy, compassion, and acceptance. In a world where bullying among young people is an epidemic, this is a refreshing new narrative full of heart and hope.
R.J. Palacio has called her debut novel "a meditation on kindness" --indeed, every reader will come away with a greater appreciation for the simple courage of friendship. Auggie is a hero to root for, a diamond in the rough who proves that you can't blend in when you were born to stand out.
The extraordinary #1 New York Times bestseller that has captivated over 1 million readers now also includes the bestselling short story The Julian Chapter.
August Pullman was born with a facial difference that, up until now, has prevented him from going to a mainstream school. Starting 5th grade at Beecher Prep, he wants nothing more than to be treated as an ordinary kid—but his new classmates can't get past Auggie's extraordinary face. WONDER, now a #1 New York Times bestseller and included on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list, begins from Auggie's point of view, but soon switches to include his classmates, his sister, her boyfriend, and others. These perspectives converge in a portrait of one community's struggle with empathy, compassion, and acceptance.
"Wonder is the best kids' book of the year," said Emily Bazelon, senior editor at Slate.com and author of Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy. In a world where bullying among young people is an epidemic, this is a refreshing new narrative full of heart and hope. R.J. Palacio has called her debut novel "a meditation on kindness" —indeed, every reader will come away with a greater appreciation for the simple courage of friendship. Auggie is a hero to root for, a diamond in the rough who proves that you can't blend in when you were born to stand out.
Be the first to share your thoughts on this title!
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R J Palacio
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PARIS/ZURICH (Reuters) - Online platforms offering rentals or shares in everything from glitzy watches to sports cars are making inroads in the luxury goods market, as a shift in consumer habits begins to head up market.
Playing off the sharing economy model popularized by the likes of Airbnb, such companies invite people to enjoy luxury brands without spending a fortune. For example, a fixed monthly fee gives a consumer use of a Rolex watch for a few weeks which they then send back to exchange for another luxury brand.
Businesses say the market for renting or co-investing in everything from jewelery to fine art is taking off with moderately well-off clients aspiring to a taste of the high life, and potentially the seriously wealthy.
"The modern generation leads a very different life, people want to keep their options open," said Marco Abele, who formerly worked in digital banking at Credit Suisse and is now developing sharing platform TEND, set to launch in Switzerland in March.
The platform offers people ways of buying tradable stakes in a Porsche or a vineyard, for a return on their investment and a chance to go for occasional spins in the car or get customized bottles.
While aiming to "democratize" luxury, its target customers are not quite every man or woman: their net worth would be around 100,000 to 1 million Swiss francs ($1 million), Abele said.
While still small, the sharing economy is predicted to grow from around $15 billion in 2016 to $335 billion by 2025, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers. Luxury is only a small part of that but has potential.
Eleven James, a U.S.-based watch rental site launched in 2014, is considering moving into jewelery and artworks and may expand overseas, Chief Executive Olivier Reza said.
The company - whose monthly fees range from $150 to $500, depending on the value of the watches - used to rent out its own stock. But in November it opened up to collectors wanting to lease their timepieces.
For some luxury manufacturers, this budding market may be an unwelcome development.
They had only just started to make peace with e-commerce, having long been afraid that online sales might dilute their brands, and are still fighting to control distribution, resisting moving onto mainstream sites such as Amazon (AMZN.O).
Now they run the risk of missing out on sales as people rent a piece of the luxury they offer, making items more accessible - and ubiquitous - undermining their exclusivity.
Still, rentals of evening dresses or designer items by Chanel or Louis Vuitton have long existed, as have co-investments in assets including private jets and yachts. Online platforms offer a means of rapidly expanding such services.
For watch enthusiast Chi Chan, 43, a New York-based IT developer who has consigned four watches to Eleven James, the rental site is an easy way of testing before buying.
"It is very intimidating sometimes to go to a boutique with the salespeople judging you," said Chan, suggesting online leasing was less pressured.


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![Firebase Rules API](http://www.google.com/images/icons/product/search-32.gif)

# Unoffical Firebase Rules API v1 Samples for .NET

## API Description

Creates and manages rules that determine when a Firebase Rules-enabled service should permit a request.

[Offical Documentation](https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security)

## Sample Description

These samples show how to access the [Firebase Rules API v1](https://firebase.google.com/docs/storage/security) with the Offical [Google .Net client library](https://github.com/google/google-api-dotnet-client)

Tutorials to go along with some of these samples can be found on [www.daimto.com](http://www.daimto.com/)

## Developer Documentation

* [Google API client Library for .NET - Get Started](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/dotnet/get_started)

* [Supported APIs](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/dotnet/apis/)

### Installation

NuGet package:

Location: [NuGet Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1)
Install Command: PM>  Install-Package Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1

```
PM> Install-Package Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1
```

### Usage

OAuth2
```
var keyFileLocation = @"C:\Users\Daimto\Documents\DaimtoTestEverythingCredentials\Diamto Test Everything Project-29e50502c19b.json";
var user = System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name;
var scopes = new String[] { Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1.FirebaseRulesService.Scope.FirebaseRulesReadonly };
var service = GoogleSamplecSharpSample.FirebaseRulesv1.Auth.Oauth2Example.GetFirebaseRulesService(keyFileLocation, user, scopes);
```

Public API Key

```
var apiKey = "XXXX";
var servicePublicKey = GoogleSamplecSharpSample.FirebaseRulesv1.Auth.ApiKeyExample.GetService(apiKey);
```

Service Account
```
var serviceAccountKeyFileLocation = @"C:\Users\Daimto\Documents\DaimtoTestEverythingCredentials\Diamto Test Everything Project-29e50502c19b.json";
var serviceAccountEmail = "googledrivemirrornas@daimto-tutorials-101.iam.gserviceaccount.com";
var scopes = new String[] { Google.Apis.FirebaseRules.v1.FirebaseRulesService.Scope.Calendar };
var serviceAccountService = GoogleSamplecSharpSample.FirebaseRulesv1.Auth.ServiceAccountExample.AuthenticateServiceAccount(serviceAccountKeyFileLocation, serviceAccountEmail, scopes);
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ensequence and Sony Electronics are to embed Ensequence's platform software across all Sony Connected TVs, which they say will enable more scalable contextual programming and advertising. The partnership finally answers questions about how Sony would deliver ads on its connected TV platform. Ensequence's tech will allow Sony to deliver clickable display ads, landing pages, product request forms, coupons and surveys. Audiences can also see promotional "bugs" on their screens that they click to launch content related to the ad or show they are watching.
On the programming side, Ensequence's technology enables TV to become more interactive TV with things such as polls, trivia games and social functionality. Beginning in the first quarter of 2013, all new Sony TVs will ship with Ensequence platform software and owners of the Sony 2011-12 model Connected TVs will be able to update their software.


Cute as a button ranch that has been completely renovated! This home located in an established neighborhood features brand new kitchen with stainless steal appliances and large breakfast area. Large laundry room off kitchen great for extra storage. Both bathrooms have been fully updated. New carpet and luxury plank throughout home. New freshly paint inside and out. AC has been serviced. Home is move in ready. Come see for yourself before it is too late!!


Nicholas Tzavaras | The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.
Cellist Nicholas Tzavaras has toured the globe as a chamber musician, soloist, and educator for the past two decades. He has performed more than 1500 concerts worldwide, from Cartegena Columbia to the Tonhalle in Zurich to Nagasaki Japan. Since 2000, he has been the cellist of the internationally renowned Shanghai Quartet. Recent festival engagements have included the Brevard, La Jolla, and Taos festivals, the Casals festival in Prades France, the Melbourne Music Festival in Australia, and the Marlboro Festival. He has been guest principal cellist of the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra since 2009. He has recorded more than 21 albums for the Naxos, Delos, Bis, Centaur, Camerata, and New Albion labels, including Beethoven's string quartet cycle and Bright Sheng's songs for pipa and cello with Wu Man. He is currently the coordinator of the String Department and artist-in-residence at Montclair State University, a guest professor at the Shanghai and Central Conservatories of China, and on the faculty of the Longy School of Music in Boston. A native of Spanish Harlem in New York City, he began the violin with his mother, Roberta Guaspari. A graduate of the Bronx High School of Science, he went on to receive degrees from the New England Conservatory and Stony Brook University, where his cello teachers were Laurence Lesser and Timothy Eddy. Mr. Tzavaras plays a rare 1710 Joseph Guarneri filius Andreae cello generously loaned to him by the Beare International Violin Society.


Emo Scene Community Forums - Calling all Emos 18-24!
Hi! I'm new. I'm looking for a community in this subculture, but they gotta be age appropriate. I'm 20 years old. Let us talk about the future of Emo and all sorts of emo things on tv and MCR!


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Tonka is an American producer of toy trucks. The company is known for making steel toy models of construction type trucks and machinery. Maisto International, which makes diecast vehicles, acquired the rights to use the Tonka name in a line of 1:64 scale, featuring mostly trucks.

History

Tonka began as Mound Metalcraft, a gardening tools company, in the fall of 1946 in Mound, Minnesota. Lynn Everett Baker (1898–1964), Avery F. Crounse, and Alvin F. Tesch created the company in an old schoolhouse. Their building's former occupant, the Streater Company, had made and patented several toys, including toy trucks. E. C. Streater was not interested in the toy business so they approached Mound Metalcraft. The three men at Mound Metalcraft thought they might make a good sideline to their other products.

After some modifications to the design by Alvin Tesch and the addition of a new logo created by Erling Eklof, the company began selling metal toys, which soon became the primary business. The logo was based on a University of Minnesota drafting student's sketch by Donald B. Olson, who later became the company's Chief Industrial Engineer. The logo used the Dakota Sioux word tanka, which means "great" or "big".

In November 1955, Mound Metalcraft changed its name to Tonka Toys Incorporated. From 1947 to 1957, their logo was an oval, showing the Tonka Toys name in red above blue ocean waves with seagulls overhead, honoring nearby Lake Minnetonka.

From 1958 to 1961, the logo no longer included seagulls and the colors were changed to white, grey, and red. The colors changed to red and gold in 1963. In 1978, the oval was removed and the company began using only the name Tonka on their toys.

In 1964, Tonka acquired the Mell Manufacturing Company in Chicago, Illinois, allowing it to produce barbecue grills, eventually under the Tonka Firebowl label.

In 1987, Tonka purchased Kenner Parker, including UK toy giant Palitoy, for $555 million, borrowing extensively to fund the acquisition. However, the cost of servicing the debt meant Tonka itself had to find a buyer and it was eventually acquired by Hasbro in 1991. In 1998, Hasbro began a licensing deal with Funrise Toys to manufacture and distribute Tonka trucks. The deal began with versions of the trucks fitted with electronics for lights and sounds, but grew to encompass the entire brand. This agreement ended in 2020, with the license being transferred to Basic Fun!, who produces other brands such as Care Bears, My Little Pony, and Lincoln Logs.

Tonka has produced a variety of toys, including dolls (Star Fairies, Bathing Beauties, Maple Town, and Hollywoods). They have produced other toys, some aimed at girls (such as Keypers), and others aimed at boys (such as Gobots, Supernaturals, Rock Lords, Spiral Zone, Legions of Power and Steel Monsters). It was the original manufacturer of the Pound Puppies toy line, and in the late 1980s licensed products inspired by Maple Town.

Tonka produced video games as Tonka Video Games, including Tonka Raceway, and purchased the rights to distribute and market the Sega Master System after Sega of America stopped competing against the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. However, the Master System's market share declined, since Tonka did not have experience with video games or how to market them. Hasbro sold the digital gaming rights for various properties (including My Little Pony, Magic: The Gathering, Tonka, Playskool, and Transformers) to Infogrames (later known and currently operating as Atari SA) for US$100 million in 2000, buying back the rights for US$66 million in June 2005.

In 2001, Tonka trucks were inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame at The Strong in Rochester, New York.  The Winifred Museum in Winifred, Montana, has a collection of more than 3,000 Tonka toys.

In other media

Video games
Thirteen video games based on the toys were released between 1996 and 2006. A majority of these titles were released by Hasbro Interactive and it's later rebrandings as Infogrames Interactive and Atari Interactive, although a small number of titles for Nintendo platforms were released by TDK Mediactive under a sub-licensing agreement from Infogrames.

Filmography

TV series

TV movies and specials

Films

In 2012, an animated film based on the trucks toy line was in development. It was to be produced by Sony Pictures Animation, Hasbro Studios, and Happy Madison Productions, and to be distributed by Columbia Pictures. A script was written by Happy Madison alumnus Fred Wolf, and was to be produced by Adam Sandler and Jack Giarraputo,  Brian Goldner (CEO and president of Hasbro) and Bennett Schneir (Hasbro's senior vice president and managing director of motion pictures).

Music
On April 2, 2021, American rapper Yeat released the song "Tonka". The song's sequel, titled "Tonka 2", was released on August 5, 2021. Another track titled "Big Tonka" featuring Lil Uzi Vert was released on April 1, 2022. Yeat has also referenced Tonka throughout his lyrics.

Sports
Lance Lynn, an MLB baseball pitcher for the Chicago White Sox is nicknamed "Tonka Truck."

References

External links

Toy companies of the United States
Toy cars and trucks
Manufacturing companies based in Minnesota
American companies established in 1946
Toy companies established in 1946
1946 establishments in Minnesota
1950s toys
Hasbro subsidiaries
1991 mergers and acquisitions
2011 mergers and acquisitions
2020 mergers and acquisitions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Range Rover Evoque SUV
New Range Rover Evoque price and details
The Range Rover Evoque 2014 gets a new nine-speed gearbox for lower emissions
by Sam Naylor
The new Range Rover Evoque 2014 has been revealed, with a series of new features and a revised focus on keeping fuel costs down. We'll be driving one in the next few weeks, to see if the fuel-sipping measures make the new Evoque any better to own.
A common complaint from owners of the existing Range Rover Evoque was the amount it cost to run. In an effort to rectify this, Land Rover has introduced an all-new nine-speed automatic gearbox, which will come as standard on all automatic models ordered from now. As is the trend for new gearboxes, the extra gears should make motorway driving more economical, while also improving the car's performance thanks to an adaptive shift system that adjusts itself depending on the way it is being driven. BMW, Audi and even Jeep use eight-speed gearboxes, and Land Rover has seen sense in adding another ratio.
Check out our top 10 4x4s and SUVs
A new feature called Active Driveline is also available on the 2014 Range Rover Evoque – a system that turns the four-wheel drive system into a two-wheel drive system when the car doesn't need the extra traction. This system automatically activates at speeds over 22mph, and means fuel economy is slightly improved in general driving. The car will also have a clever electronic system to improve grip when cornering.
Thanks to the new gearbox and four-wheel drive system, fuel consumption will be down by about ten per cent, while emissions should see a significant fall of around nine per cent in the new car, too. We'll find out in the coming weeks if these changes have a noticeable effect on real-world economy.
However, Land Rover hasn't made any changes to its manual gearbox. That means the most economical car will be the two-wheel drive ED4 2.2-litre diesel model with a manual gearbox. Economy and emissions figures for this model remain unchanged, boasting the same 57.6mpg and 129g/km CO2 as the current car.
A new 'InControl' app for smartphones can connect to the new Evoque, which monitors things like how much fuel your car has left, and can steer you back towards it if you forget where you've parked. It'll also feature options like a wading sensor for driving through deep water, traffic sign recognition and a self-parking system that automatically exits parking bays.
The new Range Rover Evoque's styling has been updated as well, although it will take a keen eye to spot the changes. The most noticeable will be the new paint colours, including Zanzibar Bronze, and the changed badge on the grille and tailgate. A new range of alloy wheels will be available as well, which will help the new model to stand out.
Prices for the new model haven't been announced yet, but the range currently costs from around £29,000, with the automatic version priced from just under £33,000. We expect the 2014 model to match the old car like-for-like.
For the full Land Rover range visit the CarBuyer Land Rover reviews page.
All-new Range Rover Crossover due to launch in 2021
Best large SUVs
Range Rover SUV review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Intel 8080 was an early microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. The 8-bit CPU was released in April 1974 running at 2 MHz, and is generally considered to be the first truly usable microprocessor CPU design. It was used in many early computers, forming the basis for machines running the CP/M operating system (the later, compatible, Zilog Z80 processor would capitalize on this, CP/M becoming the dominant OS of the period much like MS-DOS for the PC a decade later). Shortly after the 8080, the Motorola 6800 competing design was introduced.
The Intel 8080 was the successor to the Intel 8008 (with which it was assembly language source-compatible because it used the same instruction set developed by Computer Terminal Corporation). The 8080's large 40 pin DIP packaging permitted it to provide a 16-bit address bus and an 8-bit data bus. It had seven 8-bit registers (six of which could be combined into three 16-bit registers), a 16-bit stack pointer to memory (replacing the 8008's internal stack), and a 16-bit program counter.
The 8080 had 256 I/O ports (allowing I/O devices to be connected without the need to allocate memory space – as is required for memory mapped devices – but at the expense of separate I/O instructions). The first single-board microcomputer was built on the basis of the 8080.
See also: MITS Altair 8800, List of Intel microprocessors
This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission.


text:
From Persia to India: Tracing the Steps of a Community Through Gara
Talk about fashion tribes, the Parsis were the original trendsetters
August 16, 2016 | by Dyuti Mishra
Parsi New Year has arrived and while the community celebrates this day, we're taking time to celebrate this fashion tribe and their contribution to the melting-pot that is our culture. From arts and literature to commerce and science, Parsis have been vital cogs in the mechanism of development. And we don't even have to start waxing eloquence about their contribution to the cuisine—try saying no to dhansak after you've had the first spoon, I dare you. Parsis as a community are somewhat cloistered—partially due to their diminishing number. Culturally speaking, however, they have a strong sense of identity owing to their relentless effort to preserve their customs and traditions. It's interesting to note how these little traditions can trace out their entire history. Take for example the gara. An original, authentic gara (traditional Parsi sari) can be estimated at anything worth ₹ 45,000 and above. But more than its value, the gara speaks tomes about the people, their culture and their history—whether personal or communal.
History of the Migration
From what is known based on historical records, the first Persian migration occurred between 8th century AD to 10th century AD following the Arab invasion in their land. Their plea for asylum in Sanjan, Gujrat was granted by Jadi Rana with the only caveats that their language (Gujarati) be adopted by the migrants and the women embrace the local costume. Thus began the ultimate symbiotic relationship and the rise of the community. This backstory is crucial to set the backdrop for the emergence of the gara. After the first Parsi settlement established itself in Sanjan and migrated to other port towns, they became increasingly involved in trade as their role in the liaison between the east and the west was pivotal. Notice how the timeline coincides with that of the Silk Route and the location of their settlements with those of the ports on the route. The silk trade between China - India and the rest of the western world also saw an exchange in indigenous arts, crafts and textiles of the respective regions—as is evident in the motifs and embroideries. A traditional gara can bear anything from European influences like French knots and motifs like the pomegranate (representing fertility) and birds with ribbons trailing from their beaks (symbol of a harmonious marital life in western cultures), to Chinese designs and motifs like pagodas and cranes. This diverse canvas the gara presents is a testimony to the centuries of trade relations between the eastern and western worlds and the subsequent confluence of cultures.
The Whole Six Yards
The gara is a significant piece of material evidence if you want to understand cultural exchange and evolution better. To call a sari an authentic gara would be to pay heed to certain parameters. Firstly, the base fabric chosen is traditionally Chinese handwoven silk called gajja (this might also indicate the etymology of the word gara). The original fabric bears the distinct golden hue of handwoven silk which is then dyed in indigo or vegetable dyes to give it colour—however, this process has since been replaced with chemical non-fast dyes of superior quality. Next, the border, or kor, of the entire length of the sari is painstakingly embroidered with motifs and themes mentioned above. While not a mandate, in some cases the entire pallav end (the part of the sari draped around the front) is covered in embroidery in motifs of tendrils or the "divine fungus" motif - an organic Chinese motif believed to symbolise immortality and longevity. The method of draping the gara is also unique to the Parsi or Irani women of India. The pallav or saur falls in the front (pretty much like the Gujarati way of draping) from above the right shoulder and is tucked to the side. If the saur covers the head, the edge is tucked so as to only expose the left ear. Traditionally, both men and women wore a head covering (a skull cap or a scarf), which made it easy for the women to fix the saur. Interestingly enough, this draping technique also resulted in the popularity of the single earring (nope, it wasn't Cara Delevingne).
Preservation and Legacy
Although it might seem that it's is still around, an authentic gara is still pretty hard to come by. When traced back to their source of origins, the few garas seen floating around today prove how the numbers within the community are slowly diminishing. In an attempt to save the loss of such priceless cultural heritage, programs like the Jiyo Parsi are urging the community to join hands together and work towards saving their ancestral history. The UNESCO has also initiated something called the Parzor - The UNESCO Parsi Zoroastrian Project - with a special focus on preserving the textiles and crafts. Headed by a team of scholarly researchers, their aim is to trace the legacy from Yazd in Iran to Canton in China with an aim of conserving the known vestiges of not just the gara but also other costumes and crafts like jhablas, kors and traditional jewellery. Images courtesy oldindianphotos.in, heritageinstitute.com and Parzor
Dyuti Mishra
Tags: Fashion & Beauty
Celebrate Good Times – The Festive Fashion Edit
The Ancient Art Of Block Printing In India
#Foodistan: India's Love Affair With Caramel Custard
A History Of Lingerie In India


September 4, 2017 – Pobè, Benin – The Africa Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Robert Jan Siegert, visited the office of the Local Government Approach to the Agricultural Market in Benin (ACMA) project in the Commune of Pobè. This trip is part of his working visit to Benin during September 3-6, 2017. The aim is to monitor the recent progress and the prospects of bilateral cooperation between Benin and the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Siegert was accompanied by the Country Manager in charge of Benin, Ilona Domanska, and three members of the Embassy of the Netherlands in Cotonou – the Head of Cooperation and the Water and Food Security experts.
The first stage of the visit took place at the ACMA program office in Porto Novo and was marked by a brief presentation by the project's Technical Coordinator, Constant Dangbegnon, and an exchange session with ACMA staff on the issues of collaboration with government, trade facilitation experiences with Nigeria, the cost of formal trade, and professionalization of actors, as proposed by ACMA.
The second part of the visit took place in the field, in the Commune of Pobè. After a reception at the Town Hall with the Mayor and municipal council, the delegation joined economic actors in a warehouse of maize endowed by the Netherlands to this municipality through the ACMA project. The Africa Director and his delegation observed the busy warehouse operations. Their conversation with the economic actors emphasized the actors' commitment to and joy with this infrastructure. The delegation highlighted the Netherlands' interest in the sustainable management of the warehouse.
A sales hangar that includes about 20 lodges.
An office and meeting room.
Association of Maize Traders (Afèrebèchola) of Pobè, composed of 760 direct actors.
The Communale Union of Producers (UCP), composed of 484 producers, including 392 men and 92 women, organized in 18 grassroots groups.
The Communal Union of Women's Groups (UCGF) of the Commune of Pobè, composed of 119 direct actors.
The management of this store is based on a collective marketing system (SCMM) involving the three organizations of direct economic actors and members of the Maize ABC of Pobè.
A steering committee composed of five members (two Afèbèbèchola, one UCGF, one UCP, and one Mairie).
A management committee (one Mairie, one Afèbèbèchola, and one UCGF and UCP).
An operating committee whose members will be recruited (one manager, one storekeeper, and custodians).
Two types of activities will be carried out in the warehouse: sales depot and warrantage. An action plan is being prepared to implement these activities.
Funded by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Benin (2013-2017) and implemented by IFDC, ACMA is improving agricultural performance by working with local governments in rural Benin. Project partners include the Royal Tropical Institute, Care International Benin-Togo, Sahel Capital and Partners Ltd. of Nigeria, and Benin Consulting Group International.


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The Melbourne Vipers men's team will be looking to replicate their round two performance against the Canberra Heat when the two sides meet this weekend in the semi finals of the Australian Volleyball Super League on the Gold Coast.
Canberra won 3-2 in the opening game before winning the second 3-0, but it is the score line in the first game that has given Melbourne coach Josh Cowan confidence; "It is an exciting step for where we want to take the Vipers going into the future. We are looking forward to the test of the Canberra Heat and hopefully we can produce a performance like we did in the first game at the AIS."
Canberra coach Les Young says his side is ready for the challenge presented by the Melbourne Vipers; "We won't underestimate them with Jose Martinez and former Heat player, Martin Kaufer, in their line-up."
In the other semi final the Queensland Pirates take on the UTSSU Shield. Queensland player Will Mercer says the UTSSU Shield will be tough; "We are excited at the prospect of a potential fourth consecutive national championship. UTSSU have been improving throughout the season. We have a strong rivalry with the Canberra Heat, so a final matchup with them would be ideal."
In the women's competition, Queensland plays the Canberra Heat and the Melbourne Vipers meet the Adelaide Storm. Queensland's Emma Burton says there is a rivalry with Canberra; "Saturday's semi will be a massive game for both the Heat and the Pirates as there is always a certain fire that both teams bring when we play each other."


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This lovely, stone-built house with 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms, is ready to move into and comes with a lovely South-facing garden. It is in a hamlet, just a few minutes' stroll from the beautiful Nantes-Brest Canal and cycle/tow path into Josselin. The property is equally suitable for holiday use or as a permanent home.
This house really is charming. It is set in a pretty hamlet with a bar which offers a morning bread service and local newspapers and is less than a minute's walk away. In the hamlet is the most beautiful little church which is steeped in history and is often visited by groups. The tow path for the Nantes-Brest Canal is a few minutes' walk from the front door and provides the perfect spot for a gentle stroll or a bike ride into the historic town of Josselin which has the full complement of shops and services and a great variety of restaurants.
The property has been renovated to a high standard and offers traditional features with many modern comforts. The accommodation, measuring a very comfortable 95m² of habitable space, consists of, on the ground floor, a large open-plan kitchen/dining/sitting area. Just off the kitchen is a cosy 'snug' or television room, perfect for winter evenings. The ground floor also benefits from a modern shower room.
On the first floor is a bright landing, large enough for use as a study, and leading off this, three bedrooms, two of which are very good-sized doubles, the third being a single bedroom but currently with bunk beds and a cot in place.
The South-facing garden is a perfect haven, offering a patio area with canopy for covered dining and an easily maintained garden which is mainly lawn. At the rear of the garden there are two good-sized and well maintained sheds together with parking for two cars.
This house will make either a lovely permanent home or an easily maintained lock-up-and-leave holiday home. The nearest ferry port is Saint Malo, a drive of less than 2 hours.


Winter storms and extreme cold can be expected in Blaine County. Planning for and being prepared for winter weather will help you stay safe and more comfortable. This page provides basic safety tips, as well as how to and what to do before, during and after winter storms and extreme cold.
Know what to do before, during, and after a winter storm.
Have a carbon monoxide alarm in place, especially if using alternative heating devices.
Know the terms used to describe changing winter weather conditions and what actions to take. These terms can be used to determine the timeline and severity of an approaching storm. (Advisory / Watch / Warning). The National Weather Service (NWS) also issues advisories and warnings for other winter weather, including blizzards, freezes, wind chill, lake effect snow, and dense fog. Be alert to weather reports and tune in for specific guidance when these conditions develop.
Wind Chill- Windchill is the temperature it "feels like" when you are outside. The NWS provides a Windchill Chart to show the difference between air temperature and the perceived temperature and the amount of time until frostbite occurs. For more information, visit the NOAA Windchill Page.
Winter Storm Watch - A winter storm is possible in your area. Tune in to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for more information. The NWS issues a winter storm watch when severe winter conditions, such as heavy snow and/or ice, may affect your area but the location and timing are still uncertain. A winter storm watch is issued 12 to 36 hours in advance of a potential severe storm. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio, local radio, TV, or other news sources for more information. Monitor alerts, check your emergency supplies, and gather any items you may need if you lose power.
Frost/Freeze Warning- Below freezing temperatures are expected.
Make a personal emergency plan. Your family may not be together when disaster strikes, so it is important to know how you will contact one another, how you will get back together and what you will do in case of an emergency.
A NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts alerts and warnings directly from the NWS for all hazards. You may also sign up in advance to receive notifications from your local emergency services. In Blaine County, NOAA Weather Radio is broadcast locally on channel 162.450.
Download Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Be Smart. Know Your Alerts and Warnings for a summary of notifications at: Ready.gov. Free smart phone apps, such as those available from FEMA and the American Red Cross, provide information about finding shelters, providing first aid, and seeking assistance for recovery.
In Blaine County, sign up for local emergency alerts and warnings as well as severe weather warnings directly from Code Red at: Blaine County Alert Notification.
Minimize travel. If travel is necessary, keep an emergency preparedness kit in your vehicle.
Call for help from a fresh air location and remain there until emergency personnel arrive to assist you.
What to Do: If symptoms of hypothermia are detected take the person's temperature. If it is below 95 degrees, seek medical attention immediately. Get the victim to a warm location. Remove wet clothing. Warm the center of the body first by wrapping the person in blankets or putting on dry clothing. Give warm, non-alcoholic beverages if the victim is conscious. Seek medical help immediately.
If stranded in a remote area, stomp large block letters in an open area spelling out help or S.O.S. and line with rocks or tree limbs to attract the attention of rescue personnel who may be surveying the area by airplane.


A garden used to be a space where people would grow plants, vegetables, fruit trees, where they spent a lot of time nursing their flower-beds and watching the results of their work. Nowadays, when the modern day attacks us with a lot of other responsibilities, many decide to change their garden into a space of relaxation and rest. In a small and private paradise on earth. Bien Magazine looks into this for you.
When creating a garden, it is worth considering what role it will play, whether we can actually spend hours on a sun lounger while reading a book, or are we the kind of people that love to act and we feel the pull to work - even in free time in the garden? The gardens future use depends on this.
Let's start with those who wish to rest in the garden. They can arrange the green space in two ways - either leave the garden nature to do what it likes, allowing the trees, bushes and shrubs to grow as they please or create a carefully designed and manicured mini-park often designed by a landscape designer. There are ornamental plants that require a minimum amount of care, or just watering and which will grow elegantly and nicely. There are also those that require constant attention to make the home park charming again.
In such a small "park" you can add a fountain, a tiny lake, place benches in shady places or even build a gazebo.
Those who do not like a lot of plants and bushes or the garden work, often choose to just sow the grass in their garden. Here, unfortunately, you have to be prepared for frequent mowing, so that the lawn is well maintained and dense enough.
On the other hand, those who, even after work, cannot exist without some mind-setting and hands-on tasks, often decide to change their garden into a vegetable garden. Here, unfortunately, it takes a lot of effort to get fresh fruit and vegetables. But - it is worth it, because nothing tastes as good as tomatoes or strawberries from your own garden.
Another suggestion for those who like to work in the garden. Maybe you should think about creating a herbal garden – this way you will get excellent food additives, natural remedies and, by the way, charming ornamental plants. Charming herbal garden can prove to be an extremely "aromatic" place of daily relaxation.


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Walter Morgan  was a Welsh Anglican priest.

Morgan was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. He was Archdeacon of St Davids from 10 February 1731 until his death on 28 February 1732.

References

Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Archdeacons of St Davids
18th-century Welsh people
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
1732 deaths


This page outlines some of the common experimental approaches we use to study our questions, with a few examples of what the data can look like.
Primary cultured neurons from the dynein-GFP mouse showing cytoplasmic dynein (cyan) and the immunolabelled axonal marker Tau (orange).
Primary cultured neurons immunolabelled with MAP2 (magenta) and the excitatory post-synaptic marker PSD-95 (cyan).
Primary cultured neurons from the dynein-GFP mouse showing cytoplasmic dynein (cyan) and the immunolabelled pre-synaptic maker synapsin (orange).
Observing the transport process as it happens in cultured neurons is central to our experimental approach. Primary culture gives us the experimental control and access we need to conduct our experiments. In particular, we do a great deal of work in primary hippocampal cultures; the hippocampal pyramidal neuron is a key model cell for neuronal biology because it develops in a highly reproducible way in culture over several weeks. However, different populations of neurons are differentially vulnerable in disease states, and in the context of understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease we also carry out experiments in other neuronal populations e.g. ventral horn cultures when studying motor neuron disease (ALS) or striatal cultures when studying Huntington's Disease.
Microtubule mediated transport is all about moving things from A to B. That means we need to image the dynamic processes we study with time-lapse microscopy. The type of behaviour captured by these methods (and the data we can extract) is very dependent on the frame rate used to image, so we make a conscious effort to image motility over several orders of magnitude; from sub second changes through to cellular behaviours over many hours.
Imaging is only the beginning though. We track and measure the objects we're looking at very carefully, in order to understand how our experimental manipulations change their movements.
Bi-directional EB3-GFP comets moving through the dendrites of a cultured neuron, captured over a few minutes.
Neurite outgrowth captured over several hours.
Tracked vesicles moving in an isolated axon.
Schematic diagram of a microfluidic chamber. Neurons are plated into the somal side. The microgrooves are too narrow for neuronal cell bodies to enter and so as the culture grows, only axons cross the grooves to reach the distal axonal side.
A phase contrast image of primary hippocampal neurons a few days after plating in a microfluidic chamber.
A phase contrast image of primary hippocampal neurons a few days after plating in a microfluidic chamber at a higher magnification.
A phase contrast image of the axons of primary hippocampal neurons having crossed the microfluidic grooves a few days after plating.
Microfluidic chambers are small culture devices made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These chambers allow the morphological and fluidic isolation of the axons of neurons, bringing an extra layer of control to our experimental set up. For example, the chambers allow the specific labelling of distal axons with markers of retrograde transport, which can then be tracked as they move back to the cell body by live cell imaging within the microgrooves.
To compliment our cellular studies, we also build transport systems from the bottom up to test our hypotheses of motor protein regulation. These in vitro reconstitution systems use purified recombinant proteins labelled with fluorophores. By polymerising microtubules and anchoring them to a glass surface we are able to see single motor protein molecules walking along microtubules by Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRF).
Individual kinesin motors (cyan) walking along immobilised microtubules (magenta) imaged by single molecule TIRF microscopy.
Schematic diagram of the experimental set up for TIRF imaging of microtubule motors in vitro.
Spot detection and frame to frame tracking of the motility of single kinesin molecules moving along a microtubule.


It is a broadly described annual report of Saudi Pak Industrial and Agricultural Investment Company Limited in the year of 2010. During the financial year, Total assets of the Company amounted to Rs. 18,396 million as of 31st December 2010 against Rs. 21,211 million as of 31st December 2009. Total mark up income decreased by 23.8% to Rs. 1,425 million from Rs. 1,870 million in the previous year as against mark up expense which declined by 22.0% to Rs. 1,114 million from Rs. 1,428 million. Resultantly, net spread decreased to Rs. 311 million from Rs. 442 million in the current year. The net loss after tax of Rs. 503.85 million in the year 2010 as compared to net after tax profit of Rs. 418.90 million in the previous year. Basic/Diluted (loss) earnings per share (EPS) for the year Rs. (0.84).
The paid-up capital was Rs. 6,000 million at the end of the year 2010. The shareholder's equity decreased to Rs. 9,300 million as of 31st December 2010 from Rs. 10,079 million as of 31st December 2009.


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Fill out the form with your travel dates and your contact data after clicking the "next" button.
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Senator Antic "…we've given away our liberties & freedoms to unelected bureaucrats"
"Australia Is in a Dark Place," Says Senator Alex Antic, Forced Into Quarantine Detention Under Guard
"Australia Is in a Dark Place," Says Senator Forced Into Quarantine Detention Under Guard
"The fact representatives like Antic, Christensen, Roberts, Kelly and Rennick are seemingly being railroaded by a bloated bureaucracy, and big media, suggests they're hitting a raw nerve, and are perhaps closer to the truth than Australia's political class wants them to be."
Another Australian senator has stepped up to oppose the political class's embrace of COVID-19 powers as if they were permanent, unbridled, and unlimited.
Last week, South Australian Senator Alex Antic (LNP) joined the ranks of dissenters telling Real America's Voice host, Steve Bannon:
"…we've given away a lot of our liberties and freedoms to our unelected bureaucrats. I've been a strong opponent of that, particularly for the last six months."
The lawyer turned senator referenced Victoria as the most blatant example, saying that the COVID response in parts of Australia has been "almost a drift into authoritarianism."
"You've probably seen [had] police firing rubber bullets, old women being pepper-sprayed; strike breaking type tactics and [Victorians] locked in their homes for almost 280 days."
Using a personal example, the outspoken South Australian federal senator recounted to Bannon how he was met by police and members of legacy media at the airport after flying home from Canberra.
Antic has been forced into hotel quarantine, under guard, for two weeks, not far from his home.
This was "despite him having had three negative COVID tests" and despite South Australia's COVID Safe protocols allowing residents who travel interstate to quarantine at home.
Wrestling for reasons why, he explained that the presence of legacy media at the airport suggested a more sinister agenda was at work, telling Bannon that the media appear to have been "tipped off."
According to Senator Antic, it is possible bureaucrats wanted to make an example out of him.
This is because he's been "poking around the health department, seeking documents about providing medical advice," in order to understand why South Australia was "locking people down."
The Senator said:
"We're [also] in the grip of an expanding vaccine mandate program in this state. We've got teachers and doctors and nurses; all being forced to get vaccinated or lose their jobs; it's hard to know why but you know, join the dots."
Returning to his point about authoritarianism, he added:
"Our parliamentarians have gifted the most extraordinary power to the bureaucracy in this country. In Victoria at the moment, they have passed the most illiberal act of parliament, which now affords the premier of Victoria almost unilateral powers to do whatever he wants, for however [long] he wants. It's the sort of stuff that you'd see coming out of the politburo in China."
The senator then rightly described Australia, stating:
"We have in this country, I think, in many respects sacrificed liberty at the altar of COVID paranoia. We have to wind these powers back quickly because it's damaging Australia. It's dividing our country; we've got family member against family member…it is putting a big wedge down."
When Bannon asked whether bureaucrats can justify "draconian measures" with science, Senator Antic replied:
"No, they can't, and in fact the data out of Melbourne suggests that it actually is almost counterproductive."
He concludes, "Australia is in a dark place," but millions are protesting in numbers "not seen since the Vietnam War, so this is a matter that the political class is missing and it needs to be picked up on quickly."
News of Senator Antic's strange detention in his home state of South Australia came the same week actress Rebel Wilson was given an exemption to skip a 72-hour (3-day) quarantine.
Wilson's exemption was granted by the NSW government after 'arriving in Sydney from Los Angeles on the 6th December to attend the 10thAnnual AACTA awards.'
This example of the arbitrary and fluid nature of COVID restrictions, which differ from State to State, backs the Senator's assessment to Steve Bannon about Australia's bureaucrats.
Many COVID restrictions are clearly political, not medicinal.
Senator Antic told Caldron Pool "it's unclear why he has to stay in a hotel."
He also said, "he was willing to quarantine at home, and will be seeking legal advice on the matter."
The pro-informed consent senator also voiced his concerns to us about how the fluid nature of COVID safe restrictions were hurting everyday Australians, particularly those in the small business sector.
Thanks to an unpredictable bureaucracy, small businesses are faced with an unsteady, and uncertain future.
Antic said, people are still being locked-down, and locked out even after "meeting all the health requirements."
He added, South Australian bureaucrats in particular, "are sending a message that no matter what the people of South Australia do to meet the requirements they will still be punished"
Doubling down on his comments to Bannon, Senator Antic told Caldron Pool, its mind-bobbling how some people are just not seeing "how much freedoms have been thrown away."
I agree. The removal of freedoms for citizens has transitioned into an unlimited number of freedoms for bureaucrats.
However, there is good news. Growing political opposition to the power-drunk health bureaucracy signals a wind of change in the Australian political milieu since CCP-19 took over the world.
From mid-2020, the balance of power has been shifting into the hands of an unelected bureaucratic caste, who appear to see the power on loan to them as some form of elitist entitlement.
Power is being used arbitrarily with government permission, without the informed consent of the governed.
For evidence of this look at the lack of transparency from the health bureaucracy.
Antic said they have it "incumbent upon them to provide the medical advice they are following" under freedom of information laws, but appear reluctant to play by F.O.I rules.
Why are health bureaucrats hiding information? Why the apparently deliberate obfuscation?
This raises questions about whether the public is being told the truth regarding the necessity for draconian measures.
This also places big, black and bold question marks over demands that a healthy public, surrender civil liberties, in the name of keeping the public healthy.
Reasonings from public health bureaucrats are, at best, often circular and nonsensical.
The double standards, inconsistency and gagging of facts also raise questions about where, and from whom, health bureaucrats have been taking their advice.
Those like Senator Antic who are asking questions, and seeking to keep authorities accountable are the calibre of representation Australians need in their leaders.
Senator Alex Antic is only on Facebook. He has also appeared on Fox News powerhouse, Tucker Carlson Tonight; has written for The Spectator Australia, and was a recent contributor to Jake Thrupp's (Ed.) impressive anthology of essays, 'Australia Tomorrow'.
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Prayer Wheel
Nomenclature and etymology
Human-powered
Handheld wheels
Row installations
Powered by other means
Water wheels
Fire wheels
Wind wheels
Electric dharma wheels
A prayer wheel is a cylindrical wheel (འཁོར་ལོ།, 'khor lo) on a spindle made from metal, wood, stone, leather, or coarse cotton, widely used in Tibet and areas where Tibetan culture is predominant.
Traditionally, a mantra is written in Ranjana script or Tibetan script, on the outside of the wheel. The mantra Om mani padme hum is most commonly used, but other mantras may be used as well.
Also sometimes depicted are dakinis, Protectors and very often the eight auspicious symbols (ashtamangala). At the core of the cylinder is a "life tree" often made of wood or metal with certain mantras written on or wrapped around it. Many thousands (or in the case of larger prayer wheels, millions) of mantras are then wrapped around this life tree.
According to the Tibetan Buddhist tradition based on the lineage texts regarding prayer wheels, spinning such a wheel will have much the same meritorious effect as orally reciting the prayers.
Prayer wheel or mani wheel (མ་ནི་ཆོས་འཁོར་, mani-chos-'khor). The Tibetan term is a contraction: "mani" itself is a contraction of Sanskrit cintamani; "chos" is Tibetan for dharma; and "'khor" or "'khorlo" means chakrano.
The common term, "prayer wheel" is a double misnomer. A long strip of rolled-up paper bearing printed or inscribed mantras rather than prayers, per se, is inside the cylinder. The term "mantra mill", in contrast to "prayer wheel", is perhaps a better translation of the Tibetan 'khor-lo, since a "mill" refers to a turning process that generates a particular output, in this case generating merit.
Copper Prayer Wheels
The first prayer wheels, which are driven by wind, have been used in Tibet and China since the fourth century. The concept of the prayer wheel is a physical manifestation of the phrase "turning the wheel of Dharma", which describes the way in which the Buddha taught.
Historians, such as Ferdinand D. Lessing [fr; de; sv], have argued that the prayer wheels developed from Chinese revolving bookcases (轉輪藏; zhuàn lún zàng), popular among Buddhist monasteries.
According to the Tibetan tradition, the prayer wheel lineage traces back to the famous Indian master, Nagarjuna. Tibetan texts also say that the practice was taught by the Indian Buddhist masters Tilopa and Naropa as well as the Tibetan masters Marpa and Milarepa. Kawaguchi mentions in his book that the prayer wheel originated in the Mani Lhakhang where Je Tsongkhapa invented it.
Prayer wheels originated from 'The School of Shakyamuni sutra, volume 3 – pagoda and temple' which states that:
"those who set up the place for worship, use the knowledge to propagate the dharma to common people, should there be any man or woman who are illiterate and unable to read the sutra, they should then set up the prayer wheel to facilitate those illiterate to chant the sutra, and the effect is the same as reading the sutra"
According to the lineage texts on prayer wheels, prayer wheels are used to accumulate wisdom and merit (good karma) and to purify negativities (bad karma). In Buddhism, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas have created a variety of skillful means (upaya) to help bring practitioners ever closer to realizing enlightenment. The idea of spinning mantras relates to numerous Tantric practices whereby the Tantric practitioner visualizes mantras revolving around the nadis and especially around the meridian chakras such as the heart and crown. Therefore, prayer wheels are a visual aid for developing one's capacity for these types of Tantric visualizations.
The spiritual method for those practicing with a prayer wheel is very specific (with slight variations according to different Buddhist sects). The practitioner most often spins the wheel clockwise, as the direction in which the mantras are written is that of the movement of the sun across the sky. On rare occasions, advanced Tantric practitioners such as those of Senge Dongma, the Lion-Faced Dakini, spin prayer wheels counterclockwise to manifest a more wrathful protective energy. As the practitioner turns the wheel, it is best to focus the mind and repeat the Om Mani Padme Hum mantra. Not only does this increase the merit earned by the wheel's use, but it is a mind-stabilization technique that trains the mind while the body is in motion. Intoning the mani mantra with mindfulness and the "Bodhicitta" motivation dramatically enhances the effects of the prayer wheel. However, it is said that even turning it while distracted has benefits and merits, and it is stated in the lineage text that even insects that cross a prayer wheel's shadow will get some benefit. Each revolution is as meritorious as reading the inscription aloud as many times as it is written on the scroll, and this means that the more Om Mani Padme Hum mantras that are inside a prayer wheel, the more powerful it is. It is best to turn the wheel with a gentle rhythm and not too fast or frantically. While turning smoothly, one keeps in mind the motivation and spirit of compassion and bodhichitta (the noble mind that aspires to full enlightenment for the benefit of all beings).
The benefits attributed to the practice of turning the wheel are vast. Not only does it help wisdom, compassion and bodhichitta arise in the practitioner, it also enhances siddhis (spiritual powers such as clairvoyance, precognition, reading others thoughts, etc.).The practitioner can repeat the mantra as many times as possible during the turning of the wheel, stabilizing a calm, meditative mind. At the end of a practice session, there is a Tibetan Buddhist tradition of dedicating any accumulated merits that one may have gathered during practice to the benefit of all sentient beings. Then Om Ah Hum 3 times. This is customary with Tibetans upon completing any Buddhist practice, including the practice of the prayer wheel.
Thubten Zopa Rinpoche has commented that installing a prayer wheel has the capacity to completely transform a place, which becomes "…peaceful, pleasant, and conducive to the mind."
Simply touching a prayer wheel is said to bring great purification to negative karmas and obscurations.
An elderly Tibetan woman with a prayer wheel
The handheld prayer wheel (mani lag 'khor) has a cylindrical, generally sheet-metal body (often beautifully embossed) mounted on a metal shaft or pin set into a wooden or metal handle that turns on a circular bearing commonly made of Turbinella (conch) shell. The cylinder itself is affixed with a cord or chain terminating in a small weight allowing it to be spun by a slight rotation of the wrist. The weighted chain, known as a "governor" in Western technology, stabilizes the wheel and keeps it spinning with less input from the practitioner than would otherwise be the case. When the prayer wheel is spun in prayer, the mantras inside become potent with the person's intent, allowing the practitioner to accumulate wisdom and merit.
Prayer wheels larger than human size are to be seen in separate rooms in Tibetan Buddhist temples and can be set in motion by pilgrims. With the help of a small bell the number of revolutions can be counted. The cylinders of fixed prayer wheels are often inscribed with the formula "Om mani padme hum" (meaning "jewel in the lotus") in ornamental Lantsa (Ranjana) letters.
Many monasteries around Tibet have large, fixed, metal wheels set side by side in a row. Passersby can turn the entire row of wheels simply by sliding their hands over each one. They are set in motion by pilgrims who circumambulate the building in a clockwise direction.
This type of prayer wheel is simply a prayer wheel that is turned by flowing water. The water that is touched by the wheel is said to become blessed and carries its purifying power into all life forms in the oceans and lakes that it feeds into.
This wheel is turned by the heat of a candle or electric light. The light emitted from the prayer wheel then purifies the negative karmas of the living beings it touches.
This type of wheel is turned by wind. The wind that touches the prayer wheel helps alleviate the negative karma of those it touches.
Some prayer wheels are powered by electric motors. Thardo 'khorlo, as these electric wheels are sometimes known, contain one thousand copies of the mantra of Chenrezig and many copies of other mantras. The thardo 'khorlo can be accompanied by lights and music if one so chooses.
Electricity can certainly be considered similar to the above sources of energy for PW (water, fire, wind). The merit generated by the PW is due to the power of the Dharma Texts and Mantras; not necessarily the "power" which rotates them. These PW turn all day, all night, all through the year. The Lamas and practitioners who build, maintain and pay for the electricity rightly help to generate and dedicate the merit.
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On the 30th day of August 2005, I visited the Tracy Aviary at Liberty Park in Salt Lake City Utah. I didn't take many pictures because the sky clouded up and with all the trees there wasn't much light. Also many of the birds were in small cages. With the smaller cages I couldn't get good photos through the wire. Still, I did get a few good pictues.
The photos shown here were taken with a Canon EOS 20D, an 8.2 Megapixel SLR Camera, with the Canon EF 100-400mm IS Zoom lens attached, (3x to 13x), using Electronic Image Stabilazation. The original photos were taken at 3993 x 2328. These photos are now set to 750 x 500 for faster loading. You are welcome to look at or download any of the photos. If you use them on any other webpage, please give credit and refer back to me.


text:
Q: unable to load data from server when submitting form using ajax jQuery I've a form as:
<form name="viewCustomerDetail" method="post">
    View Account Detail

<input name="accountNumber" id="accountNumber" type="text" class="adminsearch"/>

<input name="submit" id="submit" type="button" value="Get Customer"/>

</form>

and the script:

This script is working well when I click on the button, but if I change the <input type="button"/> to <input type="submit"/> it doesn't work. And also, I want to run the script when ENTER key is pressed in <input type="text">. Anybody could help, I'm newbie to jQuery and ajax.

A: Try attaching your handler to form's submit event instead

A: For the keypress (enter) there is already a thread which you can find here. I'm sure the answer fits your need: How to submit an AJAX form with ENTER key, from textarea?
Here the code:
jQuery('.new-reply-text').keypress(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 13 && !e.shiftKey) {
    e.preventDefault();
    this.form.submit();
}
});

For the click even use jQuerys .submit() function:
$("#submit").submit();

inside the submit you can pass another function with the ajax request inside.

A: On using the type="submit" your form will go for the default action for which you have to use the prevent default method as specified above in one answer.
for attaching event to enter key press
$('#textbox').keypress(function(event){

var keycode = (event.keyCode ? event.keyCode : event.which);
if(keycode == '13'){
//yourcode
}

});

Hope this helps

A: use this
$('#form_id').bind('submit',function(e) {
  e.preventDefault(); //Will prevent the submit...
  //Add additional code here
});

A: create a form id as viewCustomerDetail then
$("#accountNumber").keypress(function(event) {
 if ( event.which == 13 ) {
$("#viewCustomerDetail").submit();
}
});

A: Simply make a Submit function like Submit() and call it on Button click like:
input type="Button" value="Submit" onclick="Submit()"

Do not change its type to submit.in submit(), put code what you want to do on submit.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
$A higher on eurozone optimism
The Australian dollar is at its highest levels in almost two months, rising on the back of optimism that the eurozone debt crisis will be contained.
At 0700 AEDT on Monday, the Australian dollar was trading at 107.10 US cents, up from 106.76 cents on Friday.
Since 1700 AEDT on Friday, the local unit traded between 106.59 US cents and 107.32 cents.
Eurozone leaders last week announced a plan to increase the size of its bailout fund and persuade banks to agree to majorwritedowns.
Westpac New Zealand senior market strategist Imre Speizer said optimism that European debt woes wouldn't spread to Italy and Spain was still driving market sentiment.
"Momentum is still positive, so there is a fair chance the Australian dollar can go higher this week and the next few days is the best chance of doing that," he said from Auckland.
"I think, over the tail end of the week, you're going to get more scepticism around the euro story and that will push it down."
Mr Speizer said currency traders were watching to see if the Australian dollar would clear 107.65 US cents.
"That's a big level. The whole market is watching it," he said.
"That was the peak on September 1. It had a half-hearted attempt a couple of days ago (Thursday) when it got up to 107.50 US cents and then it had another go on Friday night when it got up to 107.32 cents.
"If did break above that level, it will spend a quite a number of days going higher."
Markets are awaiting the Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) interest rate decision on Tuesday afternoon.
Eleven of the 17 economists surveyed by AAP predict the RBA board will cut the cash rate from 4.75 per cent to 4.5 per cent.
Mr Speizer said Westpac expected a cut but thought it would be a close decision.
He said the weak September quarter inflation reading would open the door for a rate cut but the eurozone resolution would ease worries about the economic growth outlook and the need to cut the rate to stimulate the economy.
There will also be two other central bank interest rate decision announcements this week.
The US Federal Reserve meets on Wednesday night, Australian time, and the European Central Bank will meeting on Thursday night.
The market will be waiting to see if either or both central banks move to stimulate their sluggish economies.
Puss in Boots tops US box office
UK PM on mission to kick-start economy


text:
DE PROFESSIONAL
THE RICH HISTORY OF DOUWE EGBERTS
Douwe Egberts' long and rich history started over 260 years ago, in a small village in Friesland.
THE WHITE OX
In 1753 Egbert Douwes and his wife Akke Thijsses opened up a grocery store called De Witte Os (or the White Ox) on Midstraat in Joure. This marked the beginning of Douwe Egberts as it exists today. Egbert and Akke started selling products that 'add to the pleasures of daily existence'. Coffee, tea and tobacco were the most important ones.
NEW HEAD OFFICE IN UTRECHT
In 1919 Douwe Egberts opened the DE headquarters, and also the very first distillery on Catharijnekade in the city of Utrecht. Raw coffee bags were carried to the distillery using horse and carriage.
THE FIRST DE SEAL
In 1925 the DE seal appeared for the first time on a tobacco packaging. Since then it has changed many times. Today the famous DE seal is easily recognised and guarantees supreme quality.
THE FIRST COMMERCIAL
Douwe Egberts coffee… delicious coffee. In 1967 Douwe Egberts advertised its coffee for the very first time on Dutch television. It was one of the first companies to use advertising. The first DE commercials were all about solidarity and how coffee brings people together.
DOUWE EGBERTS SOUTH AFRICA LAUNCH
Douwe Egberts was launched into the South African Market bringing with it not only the heritage, but the exeptional quality coffee many South Africans have come to know and love.
DOUWE EGBERTS CELEBRATES ITS 250TH ANNIVERSARY
In 2003 Douwe Egberts celebrated its 250th anniversary with a lot of special activities. It was a grand celebration because we are extremely proud of our very strong brand, and wanted to share this special moment with everyone.
NEW INSTANTS PURE RANGE
In 2007 the core Instants range was updated from the Continental Roasts to the Pure Range, which included four blends Pure Gold, Pure Indulgence, Pure Smooth and Decaffeinated.
LAUNCH OF THE PURE RANGE
Douwe Egberts understands that one size doesn't fit all when it comes to choosing a freeze dried coffee. The range of 4 new varieties offers coffee lovers a selection of taste notes and strengths.
NEW LOOK PACKS
Douwe Egberts launches the new look pack for the Pure Gold, Pure Indulgence, and Espresso Style Freeze Dried Instant Cofee.
BRAND NEW BLEND
A brand new blend, Ristretto Style, was introduced. This is a specialty blended Freeze Dried Instant Coffee.
ORIGINS RANGE
A new origins blend was launched, Brazil, in addition to the current Mocha Kenya Style. DE strives to bring the smallest of pleasures to life. These will turn moments of pause into indulgences, rewarding people with aroma, richness and subtle sophistication with every sip.
the-history-of-douwe-egberts
©2022 Douwe Egberts
Freeze Dried Instant Coffee
Classic Range
PAIA Manual - JDE


text:
package kafka.server

import java.io.File
import java.util.Properties

import kafka.cluster.Partition
import kafka.log.{LogManager, UnifiedLog}
import kafka.server.QuotaFactory.QuotaManagers
import kafka.utils.TestUtils.MockAlterPartitionManager
import kafka.utils._
import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition
import org.apache.kafka.common.metrics.Metrics
import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Time
import org.apache.kafka.metadata.LeaderRecoveryState
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions._
import org.junit.jupiter.api.{AfterEach, BeforeEach, Test}
import org.mockito.Mockito.{atLeastOnce, mock, verify, when}

import scala.collection.Seq
import scala.collection.mutable.{HashMap, Map}

class IsrExpirationTest {

  var topicPartitionIsr: Map[(String, Int), Seq[Int]] = new HashMap[(String, Int), Seq[Int]]()
  val replicaLagTimeMaxMs = 100L
  val replicaFetchWaitMaxMs = 100
  val leaderLogEndOffset = 20
  val leaderLogHighWatermark = 20L

  val overridingProps = new Properties()
  overridingProps.put(KafkaConfig.ReplicaLagTimeMaxMsProp, replicaLagTimeMaxMs.toString)
  overridingProps.put(KafkaConfig.ReplicaFetchWaitMaxMsProp, replicaFetchWaitMaxMs.toString)
  val configs = TestUtils.createBrokerConfigs(2, TestUtils.MockZkConnect).map(KafkaConfig.fromProps(_, overridingProps))
  val topic = "foo"

  val time = new MockTime
  val metrics = new Metrics

  var quotaManager: QuotaManagers = null
  var replicaManager: ReplicaManager = null

  var alterIsrManager: MockAlterPartitionManager = _

  @BeforeEach
  def setUp(): Unit = {
    val logManager: LogManager = mock(classOf[LogManager])
    when(logManager.liveLogDirs).thenReturn(Array.empty[File])

    alterIsrManager = TestUtils.createAlterIsrManager()
    quotaManager = QuotaFactory.instantiate(configs.head, metrics, time, "")
    replicaManager = new ReplicaManager(
      metrics = metrics,
      config = configs.head,
      time = time,
      scheduler = null,
      logManager = logManager,
      quotaManagers = quotaManager,
      metadataCache = MetadataCache.zkMetadataCache(configs.head.brokerId, configs.head.interBrokerProtocolVersion),
      logDirFailureChannel = new LogDirFailureChannel(configs.head.logDirs.size),
      alterPartitionManager = alterIsrManager)
  }

  @AfterEach
  def tearDown(): Unit = {
    Option(replicaManager).foreach(_.shutdown(false))
    Option(quotaManager).foreach(_.shutdown())
    metrics.close()
  }

  /*
   * Test the case where a follower is caught up but stops making requests to the leader. Once beyond the configured time limit, it should fall out of ISR
   */
  @Test
  def testIsrExpirationForStuckFollowers(): Unit = {
    val log = logMock

    // create one partition and all replicas
    val partition0 = getPartitionWithAllReplicasInIsr(topic, 0, time, configs.head, log)
    assertEquals(configs.map(_.brokerId).toSet, partition0.inSyncReplicaIds, "All replicas should be in ISR")

    // let the follower catch up to the Leader logEndOffset - 1
    for (replica <- partition0.remoteReplicas)
      replica.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(leaderLogEndOffset - 1),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = leaderLogEndOffset)
    var partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")

    // let some time pass
    time.sleep(150)

    // now follower hasn't pulled any data for > replicaMaxLagTimeMs ms. So it is stuck
    partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set(configs.last.brokerId), partition0OSR, "Replica 1 should be out of sync")
    verify(log, atLeastOnce()).logEndOffset
  }

  /*
   * Test the case where a follower never makes a fetch request. It should fall out of ISR because it will be declared stuck
   */
  @Test
  def testIsrExpirationIfNoFetchRequestMade(): Unit = {
    val log = logMock

    // create one partition and all replicas
    val partition0 = getPartitionWithAllReplicasInIsr(topic, 0, time, configs.head, log)
    assertEquals(configs.map(_.brokerId).toSet, partition0.inSyncReplicaIds, "All replicas should be in ISR")

    // Let enough time pass for the replica to be considered stuck
    time.sleep(150)

    val partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set(configs.last.brokerId), partition0OSR, "Replica 1 should be out of sync")
    verify(log, atLeastOnce()).logEndOffset
  }

  /*
   * Test the case where a follower continually makes fetch requests but is unable to catch up. It should fall out of the ISR
   * However, any time it makes a request to the LogEndOffset it should be back in the ISR
   */
  @Test
  def testIsrExpirationForSlowFollowers(): Unit = {
    // create leader replica
    val log = logMock
    // add one partition
    val partition0 = getPartitionWithAllReplicasInIsr(topic, 0, time, configs.head, log)
    assertEquals(configs.map(_.brokerId).toSet, partition0.inSyncReplicaIds, "All replicas should be in ISR")
    // Make the remote replica not read to the end of log. It should be not be out of sync for at least 100 ms
    for (replica <- partition0.remoteReplicas)
      replica.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(leaderLogEndOffset - 2),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = leaderLogEndOffset)

    // Simulate 2 fetch requests spanning more than 100 ms which do not read to the end of the log.
    // The replicas will no longer be in ISR. We do 2 fetches because we want to simulate the case where the replica is lagging but is not stuck
    var partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")

    time.sleep(75)

    partition0.remoteReplicas.foreach { r =>
      r.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(leaderLogEndOffset - 1),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = leaderLogEndOffset)
    }
    partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")

    time.sleep(75)

    // The replicas will no longer be in ISR
    partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set(configs.last.brokerId), partition0OSR, "Replica 1 should be out of sync")

    // Now actually make a fetch to the end of the log. The replicas should be back in ISR
    partition0.remoteReplicas.foreach { r =>
      r.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(leaderLogEndOffset),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = leaderLogEndOffset)
    }
    partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")
    verify(log, atLeastOnce()).logEndOffset
  }

  /*
   * Test the case where a follower has already caught up with same log end offset with the leader. This follower should not be considered as out-of-sync
   */
  @Test
  def testIsrExpirationForCaughtUpFollowers(): Unit = {
    val log = logMock

    // create one partition and all replicas
    val partition0 = getPartitionWithAllReplicasInIsr(topic, 0, time, configs.head, log)
    assertEquals(configs.map(_.brokerId).toSet, partition0.inSyncReplicaIds, "All replicas should be in ISR")

    // let the follower catch up to the Leader logEndOffset
    for (replica <- partition0.remoteReplicas)
      replica.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(leaderLogEndOffset),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = leaderLogEndOffset)

    var partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")

    // let some time pass
    time.sleep(150)

    // even though follower hasn't pulled any data for > replicaMaxLagTimeMs ms, the follower has already caught up. So it is not out-of-sync.
    partition0OSR = partition0.getOutOfSyncReplicas(configs.head.replicaLagTimeMaxMs)
    assertEquals(Set.empty[Int], partition0OSR, "No replica should be out of sync")
    verify(log, atLeastOnce()).logEndOffset
  }

  private def getPartitionWithAllReplicasInIsr(topic: String, partitionId: Int, time: Time, config: KafkaConfig,
                                               localLog: UnifiedLog): Partition = {
    val leaderId = config.brokerId
    val tp = new TopicPartition(topic, partitionId)
    val partition = replicaManager.createPartition(tp)
    partition.setLog(localLog, isFutureLog = false)

    partition.updateAssignmentAndIsr(
      replicas = configs.map(_.brokerId),
      isLeader = true,
      isr = configs.map(_.brokerId).toSet,
      addingReplicas = Seq.empty,
      removingReplicas = Seq.empty,
      leaderRecoveryState = LeaderRecoveryState.RECOVERED
    )

    // set lastCaughtUpTime to current time
    for (replica <- partition.remoteReplicas)
      replica.updateFetchState(
        followerFetchOffsetMetadata = LogOffsetMetadata(0L),
        followerStartOffset = 0L,
        followerFetchTimeMs= time.milliseconds,
        leaderEndOffset = 0L)

    // set the leader and its hw and the hw update time
    partition.leaderReplicaIdOpt = Some(leaderId)
    partition
  }

  private def logMock: UnifiedLog = {
    val log: UnifiedLog = mock(classOf[UnifiedLog])
    when(log.logEndOffset).thenReturn(leaderLogEndOffset)
    log
  }
}