The Department of Mathematics aims to offer programmes of highest quality to our students. We strive to impart knowledge and skills in Mathematics that are required of a graduate offering Mathematics as a subject. Our courses have been designed to facilitate learning and understanding in such a way that the students gain an appreciation of the power and beauty of Mathematics which is indispensable to the modem way of life.
provide opportunities to students to develop competence in a wide range of courses in both Pure Mathematics and Applied Mathematics in an environment conducive to learning.
offer special programmes (Jointly with other departments) that prepare students for careers in business and industry.
equip students with problem solving skills which can be used in real-world situations.
prepare students to become independent learners which enable them to pursue lifelong learning.
encourage students to acquire soft skills which are considered essential by the potential employers.
provide support to staff in career development.
The Department of Mathematics was initiated in the late fifties as a teaching unit in the Faculty of Arts with a lecturer–in–charge. In this unit, Pure Mathematics subject was taught up to the Bachelor of Arts (General Degree).
When the "Second Faculty of Science" of the University of Ceylon was established in Peradeniya in 1961, the present Department started to function. However, the main Department of Mathematics remained in Colombo.
The single subject "Mathematics" was compulsory for all Physical Science students and Engineering students in the first year of their undergraduate studies. Students who wished to pursue higher studies in Mathematics and have performed well in General Science Qualifying Examination were selected to follow the Special Degree Programme and were transferred to Colombo. The subject Pure Mathematics was compulsory for the B.Sc. General Degree Programme. The first batch of the Special Degree Programme conducted in Peradeniya was passed out in 1969. Even at present the Department is maintaining a high quality Special Degree Programme which has an international recognition. In fact many of our graduates are admitted to very prestigious academic institutes in Sri Lanka as well as in foreign countries for postgraduate studies.
In the early seventies, when there were reforms in the Bachelor of Arts (General) Degree curriculum, Basic Mathematics for the General Arts Qualifying and Ancillary Mathematics as a subject for the Bachelor of Arts were introduced and conducted by the Department.
Over the years the Department of Mathematics has produced several hundreds of Bachelor of Science Special Degree graduates in Mathematics and several thousands of Bachelor of Science General Degree graduates. They are employed all over the world, in diverse fields.
In Sri Lanka, our graduates are attached to the Ministry of Education, Central Bank and Commercial Banks, Survey Department, Department of Census and Statistics, Department of Inland Revenue, Department of Meteorology, etc.


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The Life of Python
George Perry
Category: Popular Culture
Monty Python rides again. Those malicious rumours that they were washed up, pooped out, time expired (usually started by them) simply aren't true. With the launch of the sell-out show 'Monty Python Live (mostly)', the great, hugely influential comedy group geared up anew, surprising even more generations.
This revised and updated edition charts the course of a revolution in British comedy and will appeal to die-hard fans and new recruits alike. The world of Python, its ear finely tuned to the absurd, was that rare beast: absolute originality.
This tribute to the inspired collective genius of John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin and the late Graham Chapman, is based on personal reminiscences and exclusive interviews with each of them. It recounts, with many illustrations from the archives, their pre-Pythonic lives, their meeting, it's impact and the aftermath. They have come a long way over the years since then. Today, Gwen Dibley would hardly know them (were she still alive). The book is a faithful chronicle of the people and events who engendered a revolution in comedy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The US Foreign Policy Comedy
by Ted Snider Posted on December 16, 2021 December 15, 2021
In what seems to be a talking point in the script handed to all the players, the US has accused Iran of not being serious at the reopening of the JCPOA nuclear talks in Vienna. "What we've seen in the last couple of days is that Iran right now does not seem to be serious," said Secretary of State Antony Blinken. "The Iranians have not been taking the negotiations seriously at this point," said CIA Director William Burns.
That's a pretty funny accusation to make in a discussion of negotiations in which the US has already informed Iran that they refuse to guarantee that they will honor the agreement and its commitments as binding even for the duration of the term of the president who puts his signature on it. It's pretty hard to act seriously when your interlocutor is acting like a clown.
It's even funnier that the US is criticizing Iran when Blinken, asked during an interview about his pessimism about Iran taking the talks seriously admitted that it is the US's fault that Iran even has to be back in these talks since "the decision to pull out of the agreement was a disastrous mistake."
Compounding the comedy is that, having admitted that the current crisis is America's fault for unilaterally and illegally breaching the contract and leaving the deal, the US still refuses to remedy the breach by lifting the sanctions they illegally clamped back down on Iran. Instead, they continue down the path of further sanctions. Add to that that Biden could have remedied the crisis quickly, as he promised he would, but instead did nothing and left Iran waiting for months before restarting the negotiations.
And, if that's not enough, here's the punchline: Iran shouldn't even have to be in Vienna in the first place. CIA Director Burns has verified once again that the CIA "doesn't see any evidence that Iran's Supreme Leader [Ali Khamenei] has made a decision to move to weaponize." Iran isn't being serious about negotiating to end the nuclear weapons program it doesn't have.
Compounding the comedy is that Iran is very nearly the only country at the table that is not in violation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The five nuclear powers at the table are all in violation of their NPT commitment to "pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control." In violation of that commitment, the US is planning to enhance and modernize its nuclear arsenal. The UK, too, is increasing, not decreasing its stockpile of nuclear warheads.
But it's Iran that's not taking all this seriously.
Vienna is not the only stop for the US foreign policy comedy. The next on the tour is China where, after years of admonishing Colin Kaepernick and a league of professional athletes who knelt on one knee during the national anthem in protest of racial inequality in the US because sports should not be political, the US announced that they would boycott the Beijing Olympics because, it turns out, sports is political.
The protest, however, will not include the athletes or the events: it is a diplomatic boycott. The US will send all its athletes, it just won't send any diplomatic representation.
The diplomatic gap in the stands will surely diminish the events and draw international attention to China's offenses. China responded that the US has "written, directed and performed [a] farce." Israel gave a similar review to the American comedy, calling it "bizarre."
It would be very funny if it were not the warm up act for the second cold war.
The US has fanned out over the globe pressuring and persuading allies to intensify pressure on Russia over their plans to invade Ukraine. The pressure includes sending more lethal weapons to Ukraine.
Secretary of State Blinken says that the US has been "engaging with our closest allies and partners about a deeply shared concern that Russia is putting itself in a position for renewed aggression against Ukraine. And what we've been seeing in recent weeks is deeply, deeply concerning."
But the White House and the State Department only see what the eyes of their intelligence community shows them. And on December 6, CIA Director Burns announced that "We don't know that Putin has made up his mind to use force." So, "U.S. intelligence agencies haven't concluded that Russian President Vladimir Putin will invade Ukraine."
In a replay of the Iran punchline, the CIA doesn't have any evidence for the very thing they are arming the Ukraine against and for which they are aligning the world against Russia.
Again, it would be comical if it wasn't the first act of the second cold war.
Ted Snider has a graduate degree in philosophy and writes on analyzing patterns in US foreign policy and history.
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The Sagamore Resort specializes in creating personalized vacation experiences for our guests. With our convenient Online Store, you can purchase signature items from our gift shop, request gourmet amenities that will be delivered directly to your room, and order Gift Cards for friends and family. We look forward to making your stay an extraordinary one.


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JTF-Bravo Commits to Additional Assistance
In partnership with Guatemalan forces, Joint Task Force Bravo unloads emergency supplies from a U.S. Army CH-47 Chinook assigned to the 1-228th Aviation Regiment in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, November 8 2020, to assist the victims of Tropical Depression Eta. JTF-Bravo's proximity, training, and unique capabilities make them the obvious choice for countries in the region, when there is a crisis of this kind. (Photo: U.S. Air Force Captain Rachel Salpietra)
Joint Task Force Bravo/Edited by the Diálogo Staff November 13, 2020 News, Rapid Response, Recent News 0 Comment
By Joint Task Force Bravo/Edited by the Diálogo Staff
As life-saving efforts continue in Honduras, Panama, and Guatemala, Joint Task Force Bravo (JTF-Bravo) begins to transition from rescue operations to delivery of necessary aid to communities that have been stranded for days since Hurricane Eta passed through Central America.
U.S. Navy Admiral Craig S. Faller, commander of U.S Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), is authorized to direct assigned forces at or near the immediate scene of a foreign disaster to take prompt action to save human lives. U.S. Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher Miller has extended JTF-Bravo's mission until November 16, 2020, and also authorized additional funding for the Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster Assistance, and Civic Aid program.
"More and more of the search and rescue is being taken over by the host nations," said Colonel John D. Litchfield, JTF-Bravo commander. "The decision to push for another four days is timely. It gives us time to transition our relief efforts over to our partners as well."
At the request of the U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, JTF-Bravo has also begun delivery of humanitarian aid and disaster relief in Guatemala and Honduras. The first delivery of USAID humanitarian supplies was conducted November 9, 2020, to the Cortés department of Honduras.
This mission has been a collaborative effort between the host nation governments and organizations, the U.S. military and the U.S. embassies in each country.
"In Honduras, Panama, and Guatemala, our support has been a coordinated and cooperative relationship with the respective governments, building partnerships and following their leadership throughout the recovery effort," said U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Adam Bock, 1st Battalion, 228th Aviation Regiment commander, currently deployed to Panama.
There are now approximately 250 troops from JTF-Bravo, U.S. Army South, Special Operations Command South, and SOUTHCOM distributed among Honduras, Panama, and Guatemala.
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It was not immediately known what prompted the shooting.
Corina told reporters the suspect was driving his auto and rear-ended other cars that were waiting at a stoplight. At least one of the officers returned fire, hitting the suspect.
A suspect was also wounded Monday morning during the shooting in Whitter, southeast of Los Angeles, according to police.
Sky5 aerial video over the scene showed the driver's side and rear passenger windows of a Whittier police SUV partially shattered, though it was unclear whether that was from gunfire.
A Whittier police officer shot while conducting a traffic crash investigating has died at an area hospital. The suspect, who was driving a stolen vehicle, was involved in an accident, and when officers arrived, Corina said the suspect opened fire with a semi-automatic handgun.
The second officer and the suspect are both expected to survive, Corina said. The second officer and the suspect were in stable condition.
Russian Federation is a ruse. "The news is fake because so much of the news is fake", Trump said at the press conference . So I think that the - at least the Pence message is being reaffirmed by other members of the Cabinet.


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19 Mar, 2018 | Lt Gen (Dr) V K Saxena (Retd), PVSM,AVSM,VSM, Distinguished Fellow, VIF
Stealth and Air Defence
The stealth muscle in the air threat vehicles of today is one dimension of survivability that is fast becoming a nightmare to the air defence warriors. Why so? Because, survivability directly translates into lethality. The relationship is fairly simple. Stealthy machines, by managing to become near invisible to the sensors of the adversary, not only survive by avoiding the onslaught of the defender's air defence arsenal, but also with all the smart and intelligent arsenal at their disposal, cause disproportionate damage by getting to attack the defender's vulnerabilities nearly undetected and unchallenged. A shadow boxing of sorts, detection of stealthy air threat vehicles is therefore an operational compulsion.
Stealth Threat we Face Today
Has the Stealth threat arrived at our doors? Yes, for a one word answer, if we were to examine some features of the frontline aircrafts with our northern neighbour which are fast approaching operationalisation and are making waves all over in the professional circles.
The case in point is Chengdu J-20 (Black Eagle), a stealthy fifth generation fighter aircraft (FGFA) with the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), optimised for long range strikes. Starting its first flight on 11 Jan 2011, J-20 was planned for induction in Jan 18. In Mar 2017, Chinese media reported that the aircraft has entered initial operational capability phase with the Air Force1,2. In Sep 17 it was reported that J-20 officially entered military Service with the PLAAF3. In Oct 17, Chinese media reported that Chengdu Airspace Corporation (CAC) has initiated series production for J-20 and is on a path towards achieving full operational capability4. Though very few details are available about the said FGFA, it is assessed that the aircraft is likely to have a very strong stealth muscle.
For instance, the alignment of the outer surfaces of the aircraft is are so configured as to have all surfaces at the same angle. Such an arrangement (called Planform Alignment) reflects defender's radar signal in a definite direction away from the mother radar, making the aircraft invisible to the radar. In addition, the aircraft is likely to be painted with the state-of-the-art Radar Absorbing Material based on nano-substances and active carbon coats. This is likely to enable the aircraft to absorb most of the defender's radar energy and reflect back so little as to prohibit the defender's radars to detect the craft.
The avionics of the aircraft are so designed that it rarely offers its underbelly or its heat emitting points ( engine nozzles etc) to a full and sustained view making it difficult for the defender's missiles (especially heat seeking missiles) to lay on the aircraft and track it consistently (a precondition for missile launch).
Another stealthy feature of the aircraft relates to its weapon bays. Unlike the conventional types which always exposed to full view and hence provide strong signals for detection, weapon bays of this aircraft are fully concealed inside the body, only opening for a brief moment of firing. This reduces the aircraft's electronic signatures a great deal.
Subject Matter Experts are comparing the stealthy muscle of J-20 with the likes of F 22 Raptor, F 35 Fighting Falcon, Su- PAK FA, the Japanese ATX, or Korean KAI KF-X (last two still under development). The question is not which aircraft tips the other or otherwise, the grave fact is that the stealth threat in a tangible measure has arrived at our doors. An expert analysis has opined that J-20 has the potential of a high performance stealth aircraft. With the ever strengthening military bond between our neighbours on the North and West, the likelihood of seeing these machines on our West is only a matter of time.
Shenyang J-31 Gyrfalcon or Falcon Hawk is also maturing alongside as a fifth generation twin engine, mid-size, stealthy, multi-purpose medium fighter. Starting with its first flight in Oct 12, the aircraft is due for induction in 2018-19. The aircraft is likely to have comparable stealthy features as quoted above5.
If that is the shape of things firming up, where is the doubt that the stealth threat has indeed arrived at our doors. In the years to come, it is also likely to make its unwelcome appearance on our Western border.
Dealing with the Stealth Threat
If we have to counter the deadly threat from such multi-role stealth fighters like J-20, J-31 and others, we need to have sensors that can detect them in the first place. Thanks to many a state-of-the-art stealth technologies on board stealth aircrafts remain undetectable by the old conventional radars. Also, since most of such class of aircrafts have long standoff capabilities, these are likely to strike while remaining in the Beyond Visual Range (BVR) domain. It follows, that if these machines have to be countered, they must be detected electronically by our sensors at long ranges. How do we do it?
Basically, when the Electro Magnetic (EM) waves from the surveillance and other radars of the defender fall on the stealthy (also called Low Observable) aircrafts, these either get absorbed, diluted or deflected in one or multiple directions away from the mother radar. This results in the mother radar getting very weak to nil reflected signal from the aircraft, thus remaining unable to detect the stealth aircraft and paint it on its screen.
Air Defence warriors the world over are working to break the above trick one way or the other. The anti-stealth technologies are referred to as Counter Very Low Observable or CVLO technologies. Some emerging trends in the CVLO domain are briefly summarised below:-
• Experiments have shown that in contrast to the latest ultra high frequency compact radars, lower frequency radars are better suited to detect stealthy targets. Hence countries around the world engaged in the business of anti-stealth radars are producing radars in the lower frequency bands.
• Also, since the stealthy targets reflect back the defender's radar signals away from the mother radar, the trend is to produce radars so that transmitter of radar and its receiver are paced at different location (called Bi-static Radars). Also, for one transmitter, more than one receiver is placed at different locations thus increasing the probability of detection.
• Experts world over are also exploiting the lasers for detection of stealth targets. Laser waves, because of their short wave length, high beam quality, strong direction-ability, and high measuring accuracy, can successfully detect stealth targets. Radars using Laser waves are also called LIDARS (Light Detection and Ranging) 6.
• Another prevalent concept is Passive Detection, or more precisely, Passive Coherent Location (PCL). In this, the radars do not transmit any radar energy but achieve detection of targets based on receiving electromagnetic waves (EM) waves that hit the stealthy targets from multiple domains, such as Digital Audio Broadcast etc..
Focus India
While much is happening all round the world, what does it mean in our scenario? A possible way forward is suggested as under:-
• Since the stealth threat is very much alive at our doors, it is imperative that all new radars being procured for target detection and fire control must be stealth capable.
• It is fortunate that several legacy missile system held with the forces actually had the sensors in the low frequency bands, and hence capable of detecting stealthy aircrafts. These must be kept alive.
• Efforts must be made by our R&D to provide stealth capable radars to the forces. In this, head start is available along multiple routes of Joint Ventures/Memorandum of Understanding/Transfer of Technology (JV/MoU/ToT) etc. with foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) under the "Make in India" initiative.
• In the context of producing anti stealth equipment, what applies to the defence public sector is also equally applicable to private industry. Since the stealth muscle in our scenario is just about maturing, it is only going to become a more and more prominent feature of the futuristic air threat. Opportunities to develop stealth detectable radars for indigenous consumption, as well as for the export market either on the 'go alone' mode, or through technological tie ups, is thus an emerging business opportunity.
• In the Def Expo 2016, some radars were stated to be able to detect birds and unmanned aerial vehicles, sense-n-avoid situations, foliage penetration and portable ground surveillance. There is a need to build further on these capabilities and grow into the anti-stealth domain.
Indian Position
With what has been stated under the head 'Focus India' above, the net Indian position as of date and actions required in the foreseeable future can be summarised as under:-
• There is a need to start factoring the stealth threat in all qualitative and quantitative analyses of air threat from our potential adversaries and develop strategies to counter the same through multiple mediums. These may include optimising the existing inventory of radars, developing and procuring new anti-stealth equipment and putting out the cyber counter capability.
• Towards optimising, the vintage low frequency radars capable of CVLO must be retained and keep alive. As to new inductions, there is a need to insist that the future indigenous development of sensors is stealth capable (capability already stands demonstrated). Besides this, the Indian R&D establishment must venture into niche CVLO technologies by catching on the world trends and getting a head-start through joint ventures etc.
• And finally, the cyber warriors must train their soft arsenal towards debilitating the electronics and electromagnetics on board the stealthy machines of fifth generation warfare.
Such is the exciting and dynamic field of stealth and anti-stealth. The eternal cause-effect duel between the prosecutors of air threat and defenders there from, is only going to become more intense and interesting in so far as it pertains to the 'magic of invisibility' on one end and the resolve to 'find the invisible' at the other. And with stealth already at our door, we need to equip ourselves to deal with the same adequately
End Notes:
1. https://wwwscamp.com/news/china/article/207732/china's-j20-stealth-fighter-flies-fighting-forces-says-stat-media. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
2. https://www.en.wikipedia.org. ChengduJ20. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
3. Popular Mechanics 29 Sep 17 >china's-J20-stealth-fighter-is-operational. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
4. Jane's Weapon Systems 26 Oct 17> cina's-J20 -fighter-moves-into-series-production. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
5. https://www. nationalinterest.org>blog>america's-F35-stealth-fighter-vs-china's new j 31 who wins. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
6. https://www.metak.de/doppler-lidar. Accessed on 04 Jan 18. Accessed on 04 Jan 18
(Views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the VIF)
Image Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/438397344957124328/?autologin=true
Labels: anti-stealth technologies, China's J-20, stealth aircraft
Commentary: The Stealth Threat Has Arrived on our ...


The Spoken Wikipedia project is an organization on Wikipedia that creates audio recordings of Wikipedia articles. I have created a number of recordings for this organization.
My Wikipedia handle is Mangst.
I use Audacity to make the recordings. Audacity is a free, open-source, digital audio editor that's available on all operating systems. The Spoken Wikipedia page uses this software when giving instructions on how to record articles, so I decided to use Audacity so that I could follow along with the instructions. But it works well and I have no desire to switch to anything else.
A screenshot of Audacity running on my Mac.
I usually make each recording in two or three separate sessions of about 3-4 hours each, depending on the size of the article. I find that, if I can record for long stretches of time, I get into a good "groove" and the quality of my recording increases. I start each session by getting a cup of warm water so my throat doesn't get dry (don't drink juice or soda because they have sugar, which makes your mouth produce mucus). Then, I warm up by reading a couple paragraphs of the article. Even though I'm just warming up, I still record myself talking because I find that the fact that I'm being recorded has an effect on how I speak (it makes me a little nervous). So, I record myself warming up, even though I'm just going to throw away the recorded audio.
After I've warmed up, I start the real recording. I record the article one section at a time (each Wikipedia article is divided up into a number of sections). If I make a mistake, I re-read the sentence without stopping the recording. When I finish recording the section, I stop the recording and play back the section I just read, deleting the mess-ups and correcting any other mistakes I didn't notice before. Then, I move on to the next section and repeat the process until I finish.
As I'm recording, I like to add labels to the audio file to mark where each section begins (you can do this in Audacity by pressing Ctrl-B). This makes it easier to update the recording later on because it allows me to jump right to the section I need to edit.
Labels are displayed below the audio track.
Remove noise - Even though it's very quiet where I live, there's still a tiny bit of background noise which I can kind of hear after I've Normalized. To remove this noise, select about 5 seconds of sound where you're not talking, then go to "Effect > Noise Removal" and click the "Get Noise Profile" button. Then, select the entire audio recording by pressing Ctrl-A and go to "Effect > Noise Removal" again. This time, click "OK" to perform the noise removal using the noise profile you just created. You should definitely do this if you live somewhere noisy, like next to a busy street.
Normalize - This will amplify everything to a good volume without making the recording sound crackly.
Audacity comes with a number of effects that you can apply to your recording.
Then, without saving, I export the recording to an OGG file, then close the recording without saving. I don't save it because I don't want to save the post-processing effects that I made--I want to keep the recording as raw as possible so that I can reopen it later and make edits if I need to. The idea is that you should only run these post-processing steps when you're ready to export to OGG and upload the file to Wikipedia. You should never save the post-processing changes.
Neural network. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, at en dot wikipedia dot org. Recorded on November 27th, 2011.
I would only read the white sections from this table of contents.
Some people like to also mention their names at the beginning and/or end of the recording, but I don't do that.
With every change that is made to an article, your audio recording becomes less and less accurate. Because of this, I like to update my recorded articles every six months or so to help keep my recording in-sync with the latest revision of the article.
To help me do this, I create a Word document that contains the text of the old revision (the revision I last used to record the article), with the changes that I need to make highlighted in yellow. I open the old revision from the "View History" screen, and then just copy and paste the entire webpage into Word. I then edit this document with the changes I need to make. Text that needs to be added I highlight in bright yellow, and text that needs to be removed I highlight in yellow and give the "strikethrough" formatting. It takes time to do this, but it makes updating the recording so much easier. It's worth it, trust me.
My Word document tells me exactly what changes I need to make to my recording.
Determining what changes were made to the article can be tricky. If the article hasn't changed too much, Wikipedia's "Compare selected revisions" feature is usually enough (click on the "View History" tab, select the two revisions by clicking on the radio buttons, then click "Compare selected revisions"). However, if the article went through more complicated changes, then you're going to have to inspect each revision manually, using the "Compare selected revisions" feature only to figure out the location of each change. "Compare selected revisions" also points out changes that aren't relevant to an audio recorder, like changes related to formatting or references, so it often looks like there's more changes than there actually is.
Wikipedia lets you compare two revisions of the same article side by side.
Turn down your microphone sensitivity. Doing this will help to remove pops (from making the "p" sound), breathing sounds, and the sounds of your lips smacking together. It also helps to remove background noise. It's OK if the recording is hard to hear when you play it back--running the "Normalize" post-processing step will automatically increase the volume to a good level.
Many Wikipedia articles contain images, and each image typically has a caption. Some Wikipedia audio recorders will go so far as to describe the image and/or read the image caption. My feeling is that this distracts from the flow of the main text, so I don't do this.
The list of articles you see is not hard-coded into my website--it is screen-scraped from my Wikipedia user page. What happens is it loads the HTML code of my user page, looks for the table where I have my list of articles, and then parses the data from the table. Luckily for me, the HTML code of Wikipedia is very well-structured, so I can treat it just like XML. This allows me to load it into a DOM (document object model) and then run XPath queries against it to extract the data I want.
Not all websites have well-structured HTML like Wikipedia, however. These websites are much more difficult to scrape because they're harder to load into a DOM and parse with XPath. Also, even if the HTML is well structured, it could be that the data isn't organized in a consistent way, making it hard to determine where in the webpage to get the data from. But the truth is that HTML isn't meant to encode raw data. It's a markup language that defines how the data is displayed in a web browser. Other data formats, such as JSON and XML, were specifically designed for encoding raw data.
I also cache the data on my own web server. This allows my website to read the data from the cache, instead having to load the page from Wikipedia every time. When the last modified date on the cache file gets to be older than one hour, it scrapes the Wikipedia page again, incase any changes were made to it in the last hour. It caches the data in an XML file.
What the cache XML file looks like.


Is this a drop off program? Yes. Some moms stay for the first class or two until everyone is comfortable in our home/studio setting.
Is this a one year program? We meet 12 Friday- about every 3rd week September through April.
Are there additional supply fees? No.
Do we have to home educate in order to take classes? Classes are offered during traditional school hours which makes it prohibitive to non-home schoolers.
What age students do you offer courses for? 4 to 21. We have even had adults (parents) take courses and participate in Studio Time!
How many students are there per class? 8 to 15 students. More students are admitted to the older aged groups and fewer to the younger aged group.
How do I hold a spot for my chil(ren)? Go to the Registration page and submit your registration with a non-refundable $30 per child fee. This will hold your spot until August 1st or the class fills (full payment due).
Is this refundable should our plans change? The Registration Fees are non-refundable. lass fees are refundable as long as you drop classes by/before July 15th, or later if you find a replacement for the spot(s) left vacant. As much as I would like to refund monies, we must be able to commit to paying our instructors.
Do we have to pay for missed classes? Yes, we must be able to commit to paying our instructors for each class regardless of attendance level.
Do we have to pay for classes up front? If at all possible. If you need to work out payments we make those decisions on individual basis'.
Do we have to participate in all courses? Payment covers all classes, but you could come late or leave early as needed. It is not recommend.
Are there any showings? You will be invited to a private FB page where you are encouraged to display your child(ren)'s work.
What if my question was not answered in the FAQ sheet? Contact me.


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California Utility Adds Five EV Work Trucks
February 8, 2021 • Government Fleet Staff • Bookmark +
SMUD has partnered with Zeus Electric Chassis, Inc. and the California Mobility Center (CMC) to procure the vehicles.
Photo: SMUD
The Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) has partnered with Zeus Electric Chassis and the California Mobility Center (CMC) to procure five custom, all-electric work trucks as it works to transition to an all-electric fleet. The trucks are the only all-electric work truck chassis manufactured in North America in the medium-duty class and will be customized for a variety of uses throughout SMUD's service territory.
SMUD has invested in fleet electrification for more than 10 years and has a total of 950 assets in its fleet consisting of sedans, service trucks, bucket trucks, trailers, cable pullers, and other construction equipment. Electrification efforts have depended upon commercially available technology and focused on electric and hybrid light-duty vehicles and hybrid bucket trucks. Just last year, SMUD added 16 new Chevrolet Bolts to its fleet, bringing the count to 122 all-electric or hybrid vehicles across the fleet.
SMUD has a goal to transition 25% of its total fleet to electric or hybrid options by 2022 and recently added electric service trucks to its fleet.
SMUD's fleet engineers helped design the vehicle specifications, and Zeus will fabricate the trucks in collaboration with the CMC. With a nine-month lead time, SMUD hopes to have the vehicles in operation by the end of the year.
Similar Content: 5 Tips On Connecting Your Fleet To the Electric Grid
Read more about Sacramento Utility Fleets Electric Vehicles


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Poor Bone Health: Could it be celiac?
Join the Canadian Celiac Association in conjunction with Osteoporosis Society of Canada for a free webinar.
1% of the world's population has celiac disease yet over 80% have not yet been diagnosed.
One of the leading long-term health complications of undiagnosed celiac disease is bone loss and osteopenia.
Learn about the signs of celiac disease, the impact on bone health and how to manage your regain your health after a diagnosis.
Registration is free but we would appreciate a donation to help us continue providing education to people living with gluten intolerance.
A tax receipt will be issued after the event.
To register, please complete the following information and at the end you will be provided with a link to both webinar times.
You have the option to listen by phone or follow on your laptop or smart phone.
Canadian Celiac Association is the voice for people who are intolerant to gluten.


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Ria Ray
Ria Ray's work is about transformation – "new possibilities are everywhere." As she tells her clients – keep going; stay inspired; FOCUS; discipline is compassion; no matter how hard you fall, something was learned; stay strong, love yourself and move forward.
Ria has been an artist for as long as she can remember. In her late twenties, her life took a defining turn when her immediate family was taken from me in a tragic accident. Since that moment, she has been on a journey to create and heal – her need to make sense of the tragedy propelled her to look within, to make sense of the world and understand the meaning of life. What she found was a determination to embrace life and love, no matter how irrational it seemed at the time. And it was automatic. She found solace in sharing her healing and teaching, and as her expression and courage grew, she began to paint. Ria's art became a way to deeply connect with some unspoken needs, visually transforming her pain to heal her own feelings.
As reflected throughout her art, people are drawn to Ria's energy and optimism, and like a force of nature, this strength has become a platform for her teachings. She encourages others to embrace resilience in the face of insurmountable obstacles; to feel strong and alive, despite the challenges of everyday life.
"As an artist, I am interested in provoking people to go on their own journey – each piece of work is as if I get to create this poetic light, with every movement on the canvas acting as a caress of the soul."
Over the course of her career, Ria has devoted her work to several themes; evolving around love, healing, and letting go of what we think we can't control. These are universal concepts and appeal to so many people. Yet she is equally committed to pushing her own boundaries and past her internal limits, continually finding ways to feel and experience more of herself. This drive strengthens her ability to serve the expansive consciousness of humanity and to be a contagious source of uplifting energy.
In the end, Ria's hope is that her art provokes people to look within, to bypass the judgment and pain on their road to discovery, and to feel their own power to help themselves and others.
"Our souls are vast and complicated and beautiful – yet we must allow the soul to grant us a kaleidoscopic view into our genius. We are capable of being so many different forms of art."
FIND RIA |
Email | ria@riaray.com
Web | riaray.com
IG | @riaraysee @riarayart


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TRADE DEADLINE PASSES-CANADIENS CALL UP GEOFFRION/REASSIGN LEBLANC
Posted by Ron Reusch | Feb 27, 2012 | 1
51-Blake Geoffrion - Hamilton Bulldogs
The Canadiens capped 'Trade Deadline Day' by calling up forward Blake Geoffrion from their Hamilton farmclub and returning Louis Leblanc to the Bulldogs. If Geoffrion is in the Canadiens lineup in Tampa Tuesday night, he will be the fourth generation of one of hockey's royal families, including Hall of Famers Howie Morenz and Bernard Geoffrion, to play in a Canadiens uniform. In only five games with Hamilton after he was acquired from Nashville as part of the Hal Gill trade ten days ago, Geoffrion scored eight points; 2 goals and 6 assists off twenty shots on goal.
We're told Geoffrion's callup was due to the injury status of Travis Moen and Mathieu Darche. Moen has what has been variously called a neck or concussion injury (refered to by the team as 'upper body') and Darche has been suffering from dizzy spells, which also smacks of a concussion.
Not for lack of trying, but the best the Canadiens could do on trade deadline day was send Andrei Kostitsyn to Nashville in return for a 2013 second round draft choice and the recovery of a conditional pick they gave up in the Hal Gill deal. The injured Travis Moen plus Chris Campoli and Mathieu Darche remain with the team and will be unrestricted free agents on July first.
One can only speculate on the reason for today's re-entry waiver claim the Canadiens made on Minnesota forward Brad Staubitz. In 114 games with Minnesota the last two seasons the 6'1″ – 215lb. Staubitz has nine points, 246 minutes in penalties and 24 fights, which pretty much defines his past and probably future role.
From the Canadiens Communications Department –
MONTREAL (February 27, 2012) – The Montreal Canadiens announced today that forward Blake Geoffrion has been recalled from the AHL Hamilton Bulldogs. Geoffrion will join the team in Tampa Bay and will be available for the game against the Lightning on Tuesday, February 28. The Club announced that forward Louis Leblanc has been assigned to Hamilton. The 24-year old Geoffrion took part in five games with the Bulldogs since being acquired from the Nashville Predators on February 17. He collected eight points (2 goals, 6 assists), with a +1 plus/minus differential and 20 shots on goal. One of his goals was tallied on the power play. The 6'01'', 190 lbs left winger played 22 games with the Predators this season. He registered three assists, 29 hits and 17 penalty minutes, playing an average of 10 minutes and 20 seconds per game. In his second year in professional hockey this season, Geoffrion also played with the AHL Milwaukee Admirals recording nine points, including two goals, in 20 games. A native of Plantation, Florida, Geoffrion was drafted in the second round, 56th overall by the Predators at the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He was awarded the Hobey Baker Memorial Award, as the Top U.S. Collegiate Player in 2010. Recalled from the Bulldogs on February 1, the 6' and 184 lbs centre played 26 games with the Canadiens this season, including his first NHL game on November 30 against the Ducks in Anaheim. Leblanc recorded seven points (3 goals, 4 assists) including his first career NHL goal on December 15 against the Philadelphia Flyers. He registered 33 shots on goal, 42 hits and displayed a +2 plus/minus differential, while playing an average of 10 minutes and 26 seconds per game. The 21-year old Pointe-Claire, Quebec native posted 17 points (9 goals and 8 assists) in 25 games thus far with the Bulldogs this season. Leblanc scored two of his goals on the powerplay. He added 92 shots on goal. The Canadiens' first round selection, 18th overall in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, Leblanc signed a 3-year contract with the Club on July 30, 2010.
PreviousCANADIENS TRADE KOSTITSYN/CLAIM STAUBITZ OFF WAIVERS & THAT'S ALL
NextPREVIEW GAME #64 – Canadiens @ Tampa Bay (Feb. 28/2012)
CANADIENS DRAFT FIVE DEFENCEMEN
GAME #30 Canadiens-2 Boston-1 (Dec. 5, 2013)
COMING CLEAN – Grabovsky Admits to Biting Pacioretty
PACIORETTY – A GAMETIME DECISION TONIGHT
philippe ouimet	on February 27, 2012 at 20:08
I should be real happy that the CH is calling up Blake Geffrion but after listening to Mr Pierre Gauthier waltzing on RDS….I have mixed emotions …..In my humble opinion something very wrong is going on here….either I'm nuts ( could be ) or Mr Gauthier is the original inventor of SNAKE OIL!!!!!!We are in no way out of the woods with this guy!!!!
May I respectfully request that you listen to the tape and Gauthier's comments…it could be insperational for you to to produce a CLASSIC comment……


If you love your cat a lot (as most cat owners do), it can be easy to give in to their demands and their big eyes when they want to taste what you're having. Sometimes the food you're eating can be toxic for the cat if you give him a bit, and that's why it's important to know which foods are harmful and which are harmless. Here are 20 foods that are deadly for cats.


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Subramaniya Swamy is a 1994 Tamil-language comedy film directed by Pandiarajan. The film stars himself, Urvashi and Priya Raman. It was released on 26 January 1994. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film Mazhavilkavadi.

Plot

Velayudham (Pandiarajan) and his cousin Valli (Priya Raman) are in love since their childhood. Her father Rathnasamy (R. Sundarrajan) hates Velayudham and looks for a groom for his daughter. One day, Velayudham and Valli try to elope but Rathnasamy finally captures them. Vexed by this misadventure, Velayudham leaves his village to Palani in order to find a job with the help of his friend Kunju Khader (Charle). Kunju Khader turns out to be a pickpocket. In a twist of fate, Velayudham steals a bag. In this bag, there are barber tools and Velayudham becomes a street barber. Soon, Cheena the bag's owner catches Velayudham. Velayudham lies and Cheena brings him to his house. There, Velayudham becomes his apprentice. Cheena's daughter Amudha falls in love with Velayudham. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

Cast

Pandiarajan as Velayudham
Urvashi as Amudha
Priya Raman as Valli
R. Sundarrajan as Rathnasamy
Charle as Kunju Khader
Mannangatti Subramaniam as Vasu
Loose Mohan as Murugan
Oru Viral Krishna Rao
Shanmugasundaram
C. R. Saraswathi
Thideer Kannaiah as Ahamed
Pramila Joshi as Baagiyam
Pasi Narayanan
Bayilvan Ranganathan as Inspector Azhagappan
Manager Cheena as Cheena
Krishnamoorthy
Janaki as Valli's mother
Radha Bob
Usha Nayar
Dakshayini as Velayudham's sister
S. R. Vijaya

Soundtrack

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Deva. The soundtrack, released in 1994, features 5 tracks with lyrics written by Vaali.

Reception
Malini Mannath of The Indian Express gave the film a mixed review and said, "probably, in the adaptation, the flavour of the original was lost, because what we have here is only average fare". K. Vijiyan of New Straits Times wrote, "This is not a must-see movie". R. P. R. of Kalki called it a full-length comedy on love triangle and noted that the screenplay is like a stretched spring. He concluded the review saying though the film movies bit of speed in the middle, but incredibly smooth in the beginning and end.

References

External links

1994 films
1990s Tamil-language films
Films scored by Deva (composer)
Tamil remakes of Malayalam films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you had 10 words or less, what would you have the public master (and I mean internalize, not spit back as a creed) about evolutionary theory?
My answer is: I am different from my grandfather's grandfather's grandfather's grandfather's grandfather.
Razib focusses on natural selection. And that's important. But evolution is change over time. That change happens for many reasons, not all selective. Gene flow from Ukraine, Poland and Germany combined in New York, Indiana and Chicago. Neutral drift kicked in along the way.
The quintuple repetition of "grandfather" serves to remind the person learning it that evolution is about repeated cycles of events over many generations and under many different conditions.
The typical problem people have with evolution is not with change from one generation to the next. We see that all the time. But understanding how all those little changes add up to a big change is a constant problem. And the repetition of the generations encourages the person to think about how those changes add up.


SCBWI-Hawaii's Annual Conference will be held at the Ala Moana Hotel from 9:00 a.m. to 4 p.m. The cost is $95 for SCBWI members and $125 for nonmembers. For details and registration see www.scbwihawaii.org. or download conference and registration information at http/scbwihawaii.org/attachments/info_and_registraton.pdf.
Featured speakers include Kendra Levin, editor at Viking Children's books, and Peter Brown, award-winning author/illustrator of The Curious Garden and Children Make Terrible Pets.


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The Big Bash League is the Australian domestic franchise league T20 tournament. The tournament started in 2011 and is organized by Cricket Australia.
KFC, the American fast-food restaurant chain is the primary sponsor of the Big Bash League. The Leagues is often called KFC BBL.
Just like the Indian Premier League, the Big Bash League also has a total of eight teams. All these teams represent six Australian cities of Adelaide, Brisbane, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney.
Two teams are representing the cities of Melbourne and Sydney.
Sydney Sixers was the winner of the first Big Bash League that was organized in 2011. Sydney Sixers defeated Perth Scorchers in the final of the league. The final game was played at the WACA Ground.
Sydney Sixers also won the 2019 and the 2020 edition of the league. In 2020, Sydney Sixers again defeated Perth Scorchers in the final.
Every year the BBL matches are played in November, December and January.
This year's tournament is scheduled to take place in these months only. We host a lot of contests during the BBL on our mobile application. We also host several articles explaining how to play fantasy cricket.
Big Bash League 2021 Teams
As mentioned in the above section, the Big Bash League consists of eight teams. These teams represent six Australian cities.
Following is a list of eight teams that feature in the Big Bash League:
Sydney Thunders
Adelaide Strikers is a team in the BBL cricket tournament that represents the city of Adelaide. Adelaide Oval is the home ground of the team. As of 2021, the coach of the team is Jason Gillespie and the captain is Travis Head. Adelaide Strikers won the 2017 edition of the season.
Brisbane Heat represents the city of Brisbane. Brisbane Cricket Ground is the home ground of the team. Darren Lehmann is the coach and Chris Lynn is the captain of the team. Brisbane Heat won the 2012 edition of the league.
Hobart Hurricanes represents the city of Hobart in the BBL. Blundstone Arena is the home ground of the team. Adam Griffith is the coach of the team and Matthew Wade is the captain of the team.
Hobart Hurricanes have not been able to win the tournament yet.
Melbourne Renegades is the winner of the 2018 season. Melbourne Renegades represents Melbourne city and Marvel Stadium is the home stadium of the team. The team is coached by David Saker and captained by Nic Maddinson. The team has signed Unmukt Chand, the first Indian players in BBL.
Melbourne Stars is another team from the city of Melbourne. Melbourne Cricket Ground is the home ground of the team. David Hussey is the coach of the team and Glenn Maxwell is the captain of the team. Melbourne Stars has not won a season of the BBL.
Perth Scorchers is the team that represents the city of Perth. Perth Stadium is the home ground of the team. Adam Voges is the coach of the team and Mitchell Marsh is the current captain of the team.
Perth Scorchers has won the league thrice in 2013, 2014, and 2016.
Sydney Sixers is another team that has won the tournament thrice. It won the BBL in 2011, 2019, and 2020. Sydney Cricket Ground is the home ground of the team.
Greg Shipperd is the coach of the team and Moises Henriques is the captain of the team.
Sydney Thunder is the 2015 winner of the tournament. Sydney Thunder is also a team that represents the city of Sydney.
Manuka Oval is the home ground of the team. Trevor Bayliss is the coach of the team and Usman Khawaja is the captain of the team.
Big Bash League 2021 Schedule
Below is the BBL schedule 2021 for the 11th season.
Match No
Sydney Sixers v Melbourne Stars
Sydney Thunder v Brisbane Heat
Manuka Oval
Melbourne Renegades v Adelaide Strikers
Marvel Stadium
Hobart Hurricanes v Sydney Sixers
University of Tasmania Stadium
Perth Scorchers v Brisbane Heat
Optus Stadium
Adelaide Strikers v Melbourne Renegades
Adelaide Oval
Melbourne Stars v Sydney Thunder
Sydney Sixers v Hobart Hurricanes
Perth Scorchers v Adelaide Strikers
Sydney Thunder v Melbourne Stars
Sydney Showground Stadium
Brisbane Heat v Melbourne Renegades
Metricon Stadium
Hobart Hurricanes v Perth Scorchers
Blundstone Arena
Melbourne Stars v Sydney Sixers
Brisbane Heat v Sydney Thunder
Perth Scorchers v Hobart Hurricanes
Sydney Sixers v Adelaide Strikers
Melbourne Renegades v Perth Scorchers
Adelaide Strikers v Brisbane Heat
Hobart Hurricanes v Melbourne Stars
Blundstone Arena Blundstone Arena
Sydney Thunder v Sydney Sixers
Perth Scorchers v Melbourne Renegades
Hobart Hurricanes v Adelaide Strikers
Brisbane Heat v Melbourne Stars
Sydney Thunder v Perth Scorchers
Sydney Sixers v Brisbane Heat
Melbourne Renegades v Hobart Hurricanes
Perth Scorchers v Melbourne Stars
Adelaide Strikers v Sydney Thunder
Hobart Hurricanes v Brisbane Heat
Sydney Sixers v Melbourne Renegades
Coffs International Stadium
Melbourne Stars v Perth Scorchers
CitiPower Centre
Sydney Thunder v Adelaide Strikers
Melbourne Stars v Melbourne Renegades
Brisbane Heat v Sydney Sixers
Adelaide Strikers v Hobart Hurricanes
Perth Scorchers v Sydney Thunder
Melbourne Renegades v Brisbane Heat
GMHBA Stadium
Perth Scorchers v Sydney Sixers
Adelaide Strikers v Melbourne Stars
Melbourne Renegades v Sydney Thunder
Brisbane Heat v Hobart Hurricanes
Sydney Sixers v Perth Scorchers
Melbourne Stars v Adelaide Strikers
Hobart Hurricanes v Sydney Thunder
Melbourne Renegades v Sydney Sixers
Brisbane Heat v Adelaide Strikers
Sydney Thunder v Hobart Hurricanes
Melbourne Renegades v Melbourne Stars
Adelaide Strikers v Perth Scorchers
Sydney Sixers v Sydney Thunder
Melbourne Stars v Brisbane Heat
Hobart Hurricanes v Melbourne Renegades
Adelaide Strikers v Sydney Sixers
Brisbane Heat v Perth Scorchers
Sydney Thunder v Melbourne Renegades
Melbourne Stars v Hobart Hurricanes
BBL Points Table 2020
BBL live streaming
Sony LIV got the rights for live streaming of the BBL 2021 live in India. The BBL live score along with extras was also available on the Sony LIV mobile application.
The Fantasy Power 11 is the home to various fantasy cricket contests. Do visit our website to learn more details.


The red-hot Toronto Raptors have the best record in the Eastern Conference and are on pace to be the best team in franchise history, but they've enjoyed much of their early success at home.
They're about to see just how well they can handle a lengthy and challenging road trip.
Prior to heading out west, the Raptors look for a bit of revenge against one of the few teams to beat them north of the border as they kick off their trip Monday night against the Chicago Bulls.
The Raptors (22-6) have won 20 games before Christmas for the first time in team history, are primed to blow past last season's franchise-best 48-win mark and on Monday can win their seventh in a row - which would stand as Toronto's longest win streak since a nine-game run late in the 2001-02 season.
Any impending success, however, will have to take place on the road. The Raptors' stop in Chicago marks the start of a season-high six-game trip after they've played an NBA-high 17 home games so far.
"I'm ready for it," coach Dwane Casey told the team's official website. "I've been preaching it, and we should be ready for it. Everyone is all excited."
The Bulls (17-9) are the first of four opponents on this trip with a winning percentage of at least .654. Each of the Raptors' victories during this streak has come against teams with sub-.500 records, including a 118-108 win over New York on Sunday.
"It's important that we play good teams because it's really going to test our character," said Greivis Vasquez, who scored 21 points and joined Kyle Lowry and Lou Williams (22 each) with 20-plus. "We haven't really faced adversity and everything right now is great, but I think we're ready for a couple of premium tests."
Even without DeMar DeRozan since Nov. 30, the Raptors have managed to lead the NBA in points per 100 possessions (113.1) in December.
Chicago managed to disrupt Toronto's offense at the Air Canada Centre on Nov. 13, holding the Raptors to a season-worst 39.3 percent mark from the field in a 100-93 win. Pau Gasol led the way with 27 points and 11 rebounds while Jimmy Butler added 21 points, nine boards and six assists.
The Bulls are 13-2 when they hold opponents to fewer than 100 points - a feat they've accomplished in each of their last four games, most recently in a 103-97 win at Memphis on Friday.
After scoring a career-high 35 in a victory over New York on Thursday, Butler followed it with 31 and 10 rebounds against the Grizzlies.
"Jimmy, every time that game was hanging in the balance he came through with a big play for us," coach Tom Thibodeau told the Bulls' official website. "Clutch play after clutch play. Great defense. No possessions off. Plays were great. Intensity was great. Great concentration. You can't say enough about what he does. Huge, huge."
Butler helped the Bulls get by Friday without Derrick Rose and Taj Gibson, both of whom are expected to return Monday. Rose, who had 13 second-half points in the first meeting with Toronto, has missed the last two games with an illness, while Gibson sat out both with a right ankle injury.
The Bulls have lost their last three home games against the Raptors - all without Rose - while being held to an average of 84.7 points.
CHICAGO (AP) Even surrounded by an array of offensive talent, Derrick Rose proved he is still the go-to guy in Chicago.
Rose scored 29 points, Jimmy Butler added 27 points and 11 rebounds, and the Bulls snapped the Toronto Raptors' six-game winning streak with a 129-120 victory on Monday night.
Rose scored 15 of the Bulls' franchise-record 49 points in the fourth quarter.
"We know we can always count on him, go to him. That's just the type of guy he is," Butler said. "He wants the pressure on him. He produces. He produced. I think we're going to keep on going back to him and he's going to do the same thing every night."
Chicago, which has won three straight, got Rose and Taj Gibson back after each missed two games. Rose was ill and Gibson was out with an ankle injury.
"I felt good. I was kind of surprised. I wasn't as fatigued as I thought I would be missing a couple of days," Rose said.
Rose's jumper over Kyle Lowry put the Bulls up 106-100 with 4:12 left. He put away the game with a 3-pointer to make it 118-105 with 1:17 left.
The Eastern Conference-leading Raptors wanted to make a statement in Chicago after losing earlier this season to the Bulls at home.
"We've been hearing about it all week, the last couple of days. They wanted to play us, we beat them there and they wanted to come here and get revenge. Tonight I think was a big game for us," Rose said.
Lowry scored 34 points and Jonas Valanciunas finished with 20 for Toronto, which led by 12 in the third quarter. Lowry scored 18 points in the fourth.
"We didn't play defense and they executed extremely well," Lowry said. "Derrick Rose looked like his old self and he played extremely well. They executed extremely well. Forty-nine points, give them credit. Whatever play they called they got good shots, and they got where they wanted to get on the floor. But we didn't give them any pushback. That's one thing we have to make sure we do from now on."
After Lowry's runner gave the Raptors a one-point lead, Chicago scored six straight to make it 100-95. Rose and Joakim Noah had back-to-back baskets and Nikola Mirotic capped it off with a pair of free throws before Raptors coach Dwane Casey burned a timeout with the Chicago crowd on its feet.
Mirotic finished with 12 points and Aaron Brooks had 17 points off the bench.
James Johnson put the Raptors up 80-68 with 6:35 left in the third quarter, but the Bulls scored eight unanswered to tie it in the final minute of the period. Pau Gasol found Gibson for an alley-oop dunk to tie the game at 80.
The Raptors began a six-game road trip on Monday after playing a league-high 17 home games.
Lowry had a follow shot with 0.1 seconds left to give the Raptors a 66-60 lead at the half.
Raptors: James Johnson is making a defensive impact for the Raptors after struggling to get minutes with the Bulls in his first two seasons. "Like all of us, we get a little older and wiser and smarter," Casey said of the five-year veteran. "Hopefully, that's the case with him, that he's matured."
Bulls: Rose played in 10 straight games before getting sick. He's missed 10 games this season with various injuries and illness. "In Derrick's case, it was good where he was stringing some games together. Unfortunately, he got sick and now we have to hope he can pick up where he left off," coach Tom Thibodeau said.
Casey on Butler: "I've had a man-crush on him for a while now. He's a strong, physical kid and now he's knocking down shots, handling the ball and he's just developed into an all-around, All-Star type player. He's one of those kids you really admire because he's made a lot of who he was coming out of college. I don't think anybody projected him to be where he is now."
Bulls guard Kirk Hinrich left the game with a strained left hamstring in the second half.
Raptors: Visit the Los Angeles Clippers on Saturday.
Bulls: Visit Washington on Tuesday.


If I refuel with hydrogen in a certain time and under certain environmental conditions, what is the maximum temperature and fill level I reach?
Optimization of the filling time of hydrogen tanks as well as guaranteeing safety during hydrogen refueling (e.g. maintaining the maximum permitted temperature, ensuring that the tank is not overfilled, etc.). Compliance with the SAE J2601 standard etc.
Various project managers, development managers, managing directors, etc. from automobile manufacturers, oil & gas companies, plant constructors, railway technology suppliers, etc.
When refueling hydrogen to 70MPa, impermissibly high temperatures of over 85°C and filling degrees of over 100% can be achieved. Simulations are a very good tool to ensure compliance with regulations and also to avoid local overheating. These help our clients to ensure that the operating conditions do not lead to risks for the client already at an early stage of the project.
For the simulation of hydrogen refueling, we use two globally recognized and proven tools.
Our intensively validated simulation program in Matlab, with which we have carried out all hydrogen refueling simulations for the globally valid SAE J2601 standard, serves, among other things, to quickly calculate a large number of cases.
Our equally intensively tested simulation program in StarCCM+ enables us to make precise calculations of the temperature distribution in tanks. This is used, for example, when our clients want to know the temperature at the liner-boss transition as a function of time or the incoming mass flow.
Both models take into account the complete real gas thermodynamics of hydrogen, have been intensively validated at Powertech Labs in Vancouver and have proven themselves for dozens of clients from Japan to California.


A brief text will be available covering each of the course topics, ten or twelve pages with bibliography – not required, but useful, for about $20. This will be available at the first class.
Session 3: Nuclear Negotiations: Back to the Future?


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Q: window.Owner (behavior expected) what am I missing having this code behind on a XAML window
// Create a window and make this window its owner
Window ownedWindow = new Window();
ownedWindow.Owner = this;
ownedWindow.ShowDialog();
I don't see the behavior
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.window.owner.aspx
Once this relationship is established, the following behaviors are exhibited:
•If an owner window is minimized, all its owned windows are minimized as well.
•If an owned window is minimized, its owner is not minimized.
•If an owner window is maximized, both the owner window and its owned windows are restored.
•An owner window can never cover an owned window.
•Owned windows that were not opened using ShowDialog are not modal. The user can still interact with the owner window.
•If you close an owner window, its owned windows are also closed.
•If an owned window was opened by its owner window using Show, and the owner window is closed, the owned window's Closing event is not raised.
TIA

A: The ShowDialog() method shows the window as a modal dialog, overriding most of this behavior.
You should call Show() instead to show the window as a child window.
Note that Show() is not a blocking call; your next line of code will execute immediately, not after the window is closed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At ALHAUS, we know how much hard work you put into your content. So it is important that everyone has the ability to enjoy it. That is why we champion inclusivity and a universal-design approach to content creation.
"Every month we collect the latest developments and new stories from across the globe to keep our readers up-to-date on the latest advancements, so they can implement effective accessibility strategies."
A Manhattan woman has filed 24 lawsuits against a variety of retail organisations for not having accessibility websites. The claim is that content of these websites cannot be accessed with a screen reader. This lawsuit highlights the importance of websites accessibility.
2017 saw an unprecedented number of website accessibility lawsuits in the United States. These lawsuits have had mixed results and the DOJ under the current administration is unlikely to push broad accessibility standards. However, with the rise of lawsuits, it is important that business still make their websites accessible to avoid the risk.
The Better Connected program tested 270 UK council websites and found that the results were worse than the last round of tests. These websites may be in violation of the 2010 Equality Act. This slip in accessibility highlights the importance of content managers really ensuring that everything they publish is accessible.
A recent report commissioned by The Accessibility Centre found that the majority of Australia's government websites fail to meet basic accessibility standards. These websites provide critical services to the population, so it is crucial they can be accessed by everyone. Australian citizens are becoming frustrated that they are unable to access the government services they have paid for with their taxes.
These stories highlight the importance of making your content accessible. If you would like to learn more about how to implement an accessibility strategy, speak to the experts at ALHAUS. We can review your content to make sure everyone has equal access.
Also, subscribe to our blog to read next month's updates.


Just wondered if you guys had a solution to my issue... I spoke with Patrick Cohen at length and then Majjiid but it got cut off and lastly another guys whose name I can remember it started with an H.
I left it with H last night to see if he could get the snapshot to work. Ihave logged on this morning to see that WPmudev panel has been removed from my sidebar so wanted an update as to whats going on with it?
I have been speaking with hostgator this morning my VPS... they said the website is about 22gb large and there is 120gb storage on the server so there should be plenty of space on there.
I can see that my colleague Huberson pushed this to forums after your last chat session.
I'm closing this thread to future comments, so we avoid any confusion.


MPEDA chairperson Leena Nair said that increased production of Vannamei shrimp, quality control measures and increase in infrastructure facilities for production of value-added items have helped in setting this target.
During the financial year 2012-13, exports of marine products had reached an all-time high with exports crossing all previous records in quantity.
Nair said the increase in export must be viewed in the light of the weaker economic conditions in the European Union, the still-recovering US economy, moderate growth in China, technical barriers to trade by Japan, continuing anti-dumping duty and the possibility of countervailing duty on frozen shrimp by the US.
While frozen shrimp continued to be the major export value item, fish retained its position as the principal export item in quantity terms and the second largest export item in value terms. Frozen cuttlefish export has also recorded a growth of 16 per cent in quantity.
India will continue to focus on Southeast Asia as the largest market for Indian marine products. EU, which is the second largest market, has a share of 22 per cent, followed by US with 21 per cent, Japan with 11 per cent and China eight per cent.


That is funny! LMAO. I think I could use one of those, and my 6 year old son would wear himself out in a big way when he is having "anger" issues. This is classic. Made my day. Laughed so hard I almost peed myself. Well done!


It is a historical fact that India was the only country in the world which withstood the onslaught of Muslim conversion. Every country in Africa, Europe and Asia fell to the Muslim conversion. But India which was occupied and ruled for almost 1000 years by Muslim rulers never became a Muslim country. Why was it so?
A probable answer lies in the higher quality of Indian spiritual thought. Though physically beaten by the external rulers they could not conquer the hearts and minds of Indians. Another reason could be that religion was a very personal matter for most Indians. They had a personal god based upon India's ancient tradition, which they were not interested in surrendering to the messenger of God!
I feel that there is a great lesson for the world from this history, especially at this time when world over the forces of ethnic killings, conversions and fundamentalists are on the rise.
We need to revive the ancient Indian philosophical thought. It is not a religion in the narrow sense but a celebration of humanity. The Indian philosophical thought as enumerated in Vedas, Upanishads and Patanjali Yoga Darshan transcends all castes, creeds and physical boundaries and that should be the guiding principle for our national and International discourses. This together with high technology should be the Mantra of development for not only India but the world. I think this could be the basis of a new philosophy.
Every act of violence for ethnic cleansing brings the faith to the fore and the strong reaction to it forces the population to become even more fundamentalist. The whole basis of subjugation of one religion by another brings in greater misery and more radicalization.
All religions control the hearts and minds of their followers mostly by coercive means. In fact all isms and religions have been used for such control. The spirit of enquiry is missing in most of them and their message is explicitly based on faith which is always blind.
The ancient Indian philosophical thought was based on spirit of enquiry where the guru only showed the way – the disciple had to find the goal. That is the higher form of thought process and is spiritual in nature rather than the dogmatic approach followed by all religions.
The hearts and minds of people in a non-violent way can only be captured by higher thought. No matter how criminal or evil a person is, he or she is always influenced by higher thought which is universal in nature. That is what the great personalities of world taught. Whether it was Buddha, Christ, Guru Nanak or the authors of Indian philosophical thought.
In India itself, the discourses of Adi Shankaracharya with Buddhist leaders show the path. In a nonviolent way he discussed, debated and defeated the Buddhist monks and priests and then brought them back into Hindu fold. He also handed their temples back to them showing his internal security that came from the knowledge that his thought was superior and hence he was not afraid that they will convert back to Buddhism. This winning of their hearts and minds through higher intellectual thought is the way forward in this time of ethnic strife and violence all over world.
Similarly Mahatma Gandhi through his non-violent way won the hearts and minds of all Indians. He distilled the ancient philosophy of Gita and used it to raise the level of discourse to a very high level thereby achieving remarkable results.
However for this transformation to happen we need large numbers of Adi Shankaracharya and Mahatma Gandhi who will understand the great Indian philosophical thought and then spread its message to the world. This together with high technology should be our philosophy of development. This combination will allow us to live sustainably and efficiently and may give us a sense of purpose and an emotionally satisfying life.
Nevertheless for the world to follow this strategy we have to first make it happen here in India. In the past all great thoughts from India went abroad after they were practiced in India for quite some time. Thus there is a need for our own population to be tolerant about different shades of opinion. If we understand the greatness of our ancient philosophical thought then we can remove our fears and insecurities.
The political implications of this strategy can be immense. China which got its Buddhism from India may yet get its new philosophy from India. With two of the biggest nations on the earth united by the great Indian philosophical thought the world can have a brighter future.


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Q: Smooth parametrizations of continuous curves Consider the curve $t\to (t,|t|)$ in $\mathbb R^2$. Even if it has a cusp in $(0,0)$ i can reparametrize it with a smooth function. Take for example
$$
t\mapsto \begin{cases}(\mathrm e^{-1/t},\mathrm e^{-1/t}) & t>0\\
(-\mathrm e^{1/t},\mathrm e^{1/t}), & t<0\\
(0,0) & t=0
\end{cases}
$$
My question is now if i can reparametrize every continuous curve in $\mathbb R^2$ by means of a smooth parametrization? It seems like the preceeding example hints at the possibility to do so for isolated discontinuities. But what about curves like the Weierstrass-function that are nowhere differentiable?


I've identified so many momentum stocks on the "Look at this Stock" column on zentrader since I created it last spring that went on for huge gains – TSRX, FENG, P, GOGO, NQ, GMCR to name a few. Here is the link to see them all. I provide all this research and follow up pieces completely free of charge.
Zentrader readers were alerted to this stock back when it was $3.50/share back in July. Now is definitely not the time to be initiating new positions, but this looks like it's heading a lot higher back on how it's been trading over the last 6 months.
July 26th update – looks poised to breakout to upside.
July 11th – This stock has been showing up on my momentum screen every day this week. I was going to add it to this category yesterday, but I didn't have time to make a post and since it's under $8 it's not really that much of a priority as I tend to avoid them. However I'm going to report on this because it has a look of a stock that could be a big winner.
Like I said I personally try to avoid stocks under $8-10, but every once in awhile I will buy a smaller priced stock. I also tend to shy away from oil & gas stocks as I haven't had the best of luck trading those. I'm not buying this currently as I have been only focusing on the stock within my tradewithZEN focus list, but for those who like to speculate on lower priced momentum stocks this could be right up your alley.


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Detroit-Chicago blitz battle excites chess scene
Jun 20th, 2017 by Daaim Shabazz
Detroit and Chicago have a close relationship with both being home to hard-working migrants from the south in search of hope and opportunity. The Midwest was the destination for many Blacks due to the abundance of factory jobs in the steel mills, foundry, and stock yards. The determination to find good paying jobs required a disciplined, strong will and has been the trademark of the strong "Midwestern work ethic." This strength carried over into competitive activities such as sports and entertainment.
FM James Canty III vs. CM Daniel X Jones
Photos by Nathan Kelly
In weeks leading up to both Danny X Jones and James Canty agreed to a 10-game blitz battle in Chicago. Social media was in a frenzy. and several cities started to discuss the prospects of an intercity competition. Both cities have a very proud history of sports, and just a few decades ago, the two cities fought some of the most brutal battles in professional basketball. There was a build-up complete with trash talk reminiscent of the Detroit Pistons and the Chicago Bulls rivalry in the 80s and 90s.
The two cities have developed a fierce but respectful rivalry over the years.
This past weekend saw another battle involving the two cities. The rivalry would now extend to the chess board. There was a pregame video complete with interviews and both players expressed respect for the other, but claimed that they would be victorious. One problem… only one could be right. So who would it be??? There was an undercard with two Experts Aderemi Adekola taking on Aakaash Meduri locking horns. Those games were not shown live, but here is the opening ceremony with Roger Hickman offering inspiring remarks.
That score ended 4-1 in the best of seven games with Remi coming out on top. Now… all the hype built up on the main card. Daniel X Jones taking on FIDE Master James Canty. Jones was the co-winner of the under-2100 section of the 2017 Chicago Open, and co-winner of the 2nd Emory Tate Memorial two weeks ago. Canty's claim to fame is winning 2nd place and $20,000 in the 2014 Millionaire Chess under-2350 section. The Detroit native received notoriety for his feats in the local media.
After two weeks of banter in social media, the tension was thick as both of the players gave their pre-match impressions to Nathan Kelly. "Canty Cash" stepped out of the van looking like a UFC fighter and said he was ready for the bout. Daniel "The Baby-Faced Assassin" looked like he was going to a business meeting also offered words of supreme confidence. Ironically, that same nickname was Isiah Thomas who played for the Detroit Pistons and a main rival to the Chicago Bulls.
Now… let's get it on!
Main Event: Canty vs. Jones
Interviews by Nathan Kelly, video production by Louie Green
That was just the first game! What a ride!! After that, there was more. In the five-minute games, Jones won the second in a rook ending and in the third he mounted a counterattack after being slightly worse and chased Canty's king at the edge of the board where it was mated. Canty got his first win of the match, but couldn't avoid losing the 5th game giving Jones a 3½-1½ edge in the first segment.
In the three-minute segment, Canty won the first in a fierce time scramble with Jones pressing for a win. In the melee, Canty claimed a forfeit win with three-tenths of a second left pulling the overall match back to within one. In the second game, Canty was pressing with a passed b-pawn, but then lost the thread allowing a fortress. After blacks' …Kh2, Jones played g4+ after which Canty committed an illegal move by leaving his king in check.
In the last three minute game, a feverish pace resulted as seconds wound down. A volley of checks was given. and it still appeared to be unclear. Canty decided to press ahead and ended up getting rook skewered on the a-file and resigned. The win gave Jones the decisive result. The final match score was 5½-2½ (3½-1½ and 2-1). There was an applause by the spectators, and both players were given praise for their battling spirit.
Watch the action of games 6-8 below.
There was a press conference after the match where questions were posed to the two competitors. The described their strategies in the match. Jones stated that he steered away from main lines Sicilian and wanted to simply get a game to play. Canty was asked about the competition that he faces in Detroit and stated there are limitations because there isn't the consistency in attendance. So Canty took a six-hour bus ride to play a blitz match. Chicago blitzers were very appreciative.
Both were asked what it takes to excel. Canty offered an intense study of tactics while Jones talked about learning to evaluated positions. Lastly, there was the debate about the role that blitz plays popularizing chess. Both believe blitz should be moved to the forefront. This created a vigorous debate on Facebook, and it's just beginning. Many cities have all weighed in with well-heeled blitz players looking to get into the action.
Video production by Nathan Kelly and Louie Green
2017 Blitz Battle
Lion's Paw Chess & Martial Arts Academy, Chicago, Illinois
CM Daniel Jones (Chicago) vs. FM James Canty III (Detroit)
WHO GOT NEXT?
Videos by Johnnie Strapp
Kudos to the Chicago Chess Blitzers for organizing and supporting an exciting event. In particular, thanks to Roger Hickman, Nathan Kelly, Louie Green, Johnnie Strapp, Chase Ford and of course Daniel Jones for helping to host the event.
Posted in Drum Majors, Games, Interviews, The Chess Drum, USA, Videos | 1 Comment
One Response to "Detroit-Chicago blitz battle excites chess scene"
on 21 Jun 2017 at 12:57 am1 Dan Jones III
EXCELLENT blitz games. MY SON HOLDING DOWN FOR CHICAGO ????????????


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Hospitality & Leisure Asia
DESIGNERS TO THE HOTEL & RESORT INDUSTRY
MONICA NG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, HONG KONG
RANDEE CHEN SENIOR ARCHITECT, F&B SPECIALIST
KETAN BAHADUR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER, INDIA
BARBARA ALLEN CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER & FOUNDER
JEREMY ALLEN CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Jeremy's experience as an international banker with Standard Chartered Bank spanned a 30 year career in countries such as Germany, India, Qatar, Thailand, Bahrain, Singapore and Hong Kong. He graduated from the Institute of Bankers and continued his education at Cranfield Institute of Management. His banking career included work in Offshore Banking, Credit, Import & Export Banking, Information Technology and the Bank's Profit Improvement Unit which involved the financial reengineering of branch operations.
Jeremy joined the company in 1995 to help Barbara expand the business of HLA internationally. In addition to his role as CFO, he is actively involved in assisting our clients involved with EXIM bank or other investment relations and provides budgeting, contract and administration on behalf of HLA projects.
Jeremy is a British national.
Abu Dhabi | Hong Kong | Kuala Lumpur | Mumbai x HLA international, copyrights reserved © 2014


Hello all! I wonder if you can help me — My company is developing a system that accepts XML file uploads provided that they are properly formatted.
Some of our users use Survey Gizmo.
The data element names, values, and in some cases constraints, will deviate from our compliant schema. Our user community does not yet realize that the export they can get from Survey Gizmo will not just be able to be uploaded, as is, into our system. There will need to be mapping to our data element names and conversation of data element names and values.
Are there any help resources that describe how to convert the Gizmo export into a compliant format? At least CSV/Excel files that use our naming conventions and values; we can probably address the conversion to XML separately.
I assume by "values"you are referring to the formatting of each column as text or integer. In my experience, all of the fields in the SurveyGizmo export file open as GENERAL in Excel, so I am guessing that this problem will have to be handled manually.


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Q: PostgreSQL: Error importing csv file from shared network folder My goal is to import csv file to postgresql database.
my file is located in network shared folder and I do not have no option to make it in a local folder.
My Folder located in :
"smb://file-srv/doc/myfile.csv"

When I run my this PostgreSQL script:
COPY tbl_data
FROM 'smb://file-srv/doc/myfile.csv' DELIMITER ',' CSV;

I would get this error :
ERROR: could not open file "smb://file-srv/doc/myfile.csv" for reading: No such file or directory
SQL state: 58P01

I have no problem to access the file and open it.
I am using PostgreSQL 9.6 under Ubuntu 16.04.
Please Advice how to fix this problem.
Update
When I try to access the file with postgres user I would have same error:
postgres@file-srv:~$$ cat smb://file-srv/doc/myfile.csv
cat: 'smb://file-srv/doc/myfile.csv' : No such file or directory

As I mention when I user mounted folder I created I can access the file.

A: it is about permission. you have to check read access on file and folders.
also, logging with superuser access may solve your problem.

A: In short, this is a permissions issue: Your network share is likely locally mounted to your user's UID, while the PostgreSQL server is running as the postgres user.
Second, when you log into your database, there is not an overlap between the database's users and the system's users, even if you have the same username.  This means that when you request a file from your network share, the DB user, in this case postgres, does not have the necessary permissions.
To see this, and assuming you have root access on the box in question, you might try to become the postgres user and see that you cannot access the file:
$ sudo su - postgres
$ cat /run/user/.../smb.../yourfile.csv
Permission denied

The fix to your issue will involve -- somehow -- making the file or share accessible to the postgres user.  Copying is certainly the quickest way.  But that's off the table.  You could mount the share (perhaps as read only) as the postgres user.  You might do this in fstab.
However, unless this is going to be an automated detail that happens regularly, this seems like heroics.  Without more information as to why you can't copy locally, I suggest copying the file locally.


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Q: Calculating 3d plane for two 3d vectors If I have two vector coordinates representing positions on the surface of the earth where the center of the earth is (0,0,0) and the Up vector is (0,0,1);
What is the best way to calculate a 3d plane that is running along the two vectors (the direction v2 - v1) but back by a set number of meters (just imagine a virtual clip plane that is behind the two vectors and running parallel to them).

A: well, you do the cross product of v1 and v2 to get the normal of your plane (don't forget to normalize if you want to), then the 4th element of your plane would just be 0 (because it crosses 0,0,0).
and then you want to project the plane in a certain direction based on the UP vector, not the plane's normal?
in that case I think you would just get the dot product of the normal and the up vector, then multiply the inverse of the dot (1/dot) by the number of units you want to project along the up vector and set that as your 4th element?
to clarify, that creates a plane where the two vectors, and the center of the earth are points on the plane, the plane can then be projected up or down by a certain amount in the UP direction.

A: Planes are usually described by a normal vector N, and as all points x,y,z fitting the equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0.   (A,B,C) is the normal vector.  It doesn't even need to be normalized (unit length) if you choose D.   Sounds like you want a plane to which v1 and v2  are parallel (and v2-v1 too).  For that, make N perpendicular to v1 and v2 by setting it to the cross product of v2 x v1.    Then pick a point in (x,y,z) coordinates that you know the plane should pass through.  Plug N and (x,y,z) into the equation and compute D.

A: 1- Find the Normal vector N = V1 X V2
2-Select a point that you want your plane tuch P0 ==>R0
3- All the other points(P==>R) in the plane follow N(R-R0)=0
See the link


It all happened in a Week.
I came home from school one week and a brand new path had appeared! This path gives a way to the track that goes through Glen Arnisdale.
This path has kissing gates which could be a problem to people with large items, e.g. a bike!
"I don't like this path because it stops half way through it and also because there are kissing gates I can't bring Archie (My Horse). But I like the part with stepping-stones." Beth Ballantyne, 15, Local Resident.
The Path randomly stops in the middle of nowhere!
"I think this is a very good path but I think it could do with a bit more signs to show people where to go because there might be some people who might not know where to go!" Willie MacKenzie, Local Resident.


What is Fashion Cycle? Know more about trends & styles in fashion designing. What is Fashion Cycle? Know more about trends & styles in fashion designing.
What is Fashion Cycle? Know more about trends & styles in fashion designing.
Home fashion What is Fashion Cycle? Know more about trends & styles in fashion designing.
Fashion is predominantly driven by the consumers. It's a myth that consumers wear what the designers make them wear. In fact it's the other way round. The designers and companies sell fashion that the consumers want to buy. The producers must respond to the ever-changing movement of this demand. This is a continuous process and because of this movement, The Fashion Changes. Before Jumping Into the field of Fashion Designing, one must look for top fashion institute for Best Fashion Designing Courses near around. If you are in Chandigarh then IIFD is the name that comes at top in the stack.
Like every commodity, Fashion has a life-span. The period of time or life-span during which the Fashion exists is called the Trend. The Style is a particular look, shape or type of the apparel. Fashion can be called as the style that is popular at particular period of time. Fashion evolves slowly and gives time to the customers to get used to the latest trends or style. Indian Institute of Fashion & Design, the Best Fashion Designing Colleges in Chandigarh facilitate students in same process of learning for trends & styles in field of fashion.
Fashion Cycle has phases that describe the length and popularity of a particular style. The Cycle begins with Introduction of the style. This is the stage where the designs are previewed and approved at major design houses. At this stage, the customers have minimal involvement and fashion is driven by Fashion icons, Experts and leaders. The prices are higher and the quantities produced are small.
The next stage is the Rise of a style. This phase sees the acceptance of fashion/ style in the masses. The manufacturers adopt designs and mass produce them in more affordable prices and minimal details. This stage is where the style is accepted by the people, with little tweaks and adaptations. To go for a deep dive into this you should search for a Fashion Designing Institute.
After the Fashion has reached the masses, It goes in its Peak phase. This is where the fashion is most popular. There are so many versions of the style and price variations. This is the stage which determines if the fashion is here to stay or vanish. If the style is short lived, it's called a Fad, if it stays for a longer period of time, Say, a decade or more, it's considered as classic.
After reaching its prime, the fashion starts declining. It has seen the rise and peak and now there are so many versions of the style in market that is has flooded. New styles start coming up and previous style sees a decrease in demand, as people refuse to pay high price of the style. The retail markdowns occur and Sales and offers urge the customers to make purchases.
After the decline, the fashion becomes outdated or obsolete. Consumers don't want to see the fashion in market and they stop buying it, the prices steep low and the retailers stop re-stocking. This is how the Fashion undergoes various phases, thus forming a Fashion Cycle. Fashion cycle is never-ending and it keeps moving forward with new styles coming out each season. To be a part of this cycle and create something extraordinary in the field of fashion join the Fashion Designing Courses in Chandigarh offered by IIFD with 100% placements.
It was a superb ! experience at IIFD while pursuing my B.Sc. in Fashion Designing. I am thankful for the faculties that got placed in such a good place. thanks a lot.
Classrooms are really great and labs are wonderful to learn and practice a lot instead of just theories only. i am too enjoying my diploma in interior designing here.