text:
#include "fmacros.h"
#include "version.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>

#include <hiredis.h>
#include <sds.h> /* use sds.h from hiredis, so that only one set of sds functions will be present in the binary */
#include "zmalloc.h"
#include "linenoise.h"
#include "help.h"
#include "anet.h"
#include "ae.h"

#define UNUSED(V) ((void) V)

#define OUTPUT_STANDARD 0
#define OUTPUT_RAW 1
#define OUTPUT_CSV 2
#define REDIS_CLI_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL 15 /* seconds */
#define REDIS_CLI_DEFAULT_PIPE_TIMEOUT 30 /* seconds */
#define REDIS_CLI_HISTFILE_ENV "REDISCLI_HISTFILE"
#define REDIS_CLI_HISTFILE_DEFAULT ".rediscli_history"
#define REDIS_CLI_RCFILE_ENV "REDISCLI_RCFILE"
#define REDIS_CLI_RCFILE_DEFAULT ".redisclirc"

/* --latency-dist palettes. */
int spectrum_palette_color_size = 19;
int spectrum_palette_color[] = {0,233,234,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,144,143,142,184,226,214,208,202,196};

int spectrum_palette_mono_size = 13;
int spectrum_palette_mono[] = {0,233,234,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,249,251,253};

/* The actual palette in use. */
int *spectrum_palette;
int spectrum_palette_size;

static redisContext *context;
static struct config {
    char *hostip;
    int hostport;
    char *hostsocket;
    long repeat;
    long interval;
    int dbnum;
    int interactive;
    int shutdown;
    int monitor_mode;
    int pubsub_mode;
    int latency_mode;
    int latency_dist_mode;
    int latency_history;
    int lru_test_mode;
    long long lru_test_sample_size;
    int cluster_mode;
    int cluster_reissue_command;
    int slave_mode;
    int pipe_mode;
    int pipe_timeout;
    int getrdb_mode;
    int stat_mode;
    int scan_mode;
    int intrinsic_latency_mode;
    int intrinsic_latency_duration;
    char *pattern;
    char *rdb_filename;
    int bigkeys;
    int stdinarg; /* get last arg from stdin. (-x option) */
    char *auth;
    int output; /* output mode, see OUTPUT_* defines */
    sds mb_delim;
    char prompt[128];
    char *eval;
    int eval_ldb;
    int eval_ldb_sync;  /* Ask for synchronous mode of the Lua debugger. */
    int eval_ldb_end;   /* Lua debugging session ended. */
    int enable_ldb_on_eval; /* Handle manual SCRIPT DEBUG + EVAL commands. */
    int last_cmd_type;
} config;

/* User preferences. */
static struct pref {
    int hints;
} pref;

static volatile sig_atomic_t force_cancel_loop = 0;
static void usage(void);
static void slaveMode(void);
char *redisGitSHA1(void);
char *redisGitDirty(void);
static int cliConnect(int force);

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Utility functions
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static long long ustime(void) {
    struct timeval tv;
    long long ust;

    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    ust = ((long long)tv.tv_sec)*1000000;
    ust += tv.tv_usec;
    return ust;
}

static long long mstime(void) {
    return ustime()/1000;
}

static void cliRefreshPrompt(void) {
    int len;

    if (config.eval_ldb) return;
    if (config.hostsocket != NULL)
        len = snprintf(config.prompt,sizeof(config.prompt),"redis %s",
                       config.hostsocket);
    else
        len = anetFormatAddr(config.prompt, sizeof(config.prompt),
                           config.hostip, config.hostport);
    /* Add [dbnum] if needed */
    if (config.dbnum != 0)
        len += snprintf(config.prompt+len,sizeof(config.prompt)-len,"[%d]",
            config.dbnum);
    snprintf(config.prompt+len,sizeof(config.prompt)-len,"> ");
}

/* Return the name of the dotfile for the specified 'dotfilename'.
 * Normally it just concatenates user $HOME to the file specified
 * in 'dotfilename'. However if the environment varialbe 'envoverride'
 * is set, its value is taken as the path.
 *
 * The function returns NULL (if the file is /dev/null or cannot be
 * obtained for some error), or an SDS string that must be freed by
 * the user. */
static sds getDotfilePath(char *envoverride, char *dotfilename) {
    char *path = NULL;
    sds dotPath = NULL;

    /* Check the env for a dotfile override. */
    path = getenv(envoverride);
    if (path != NULL && *path != '\0') {
        if (!strcmp("/dev/null", path)) {
            return NULL;
        }

        /* If the env is set, return it. */
        dotPath = sdsnew(path);
    } else {
        char *home = getenv("HOME");
        if (home != NULL && *home != '\0') {
            /* If no override is set use $HOME/<dotfilename>. */
            dotPath = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), "%s/%s", home, dotfilename);
        }
    }
    return dotPath;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Help functions
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define CLI_HELP_COMMAND 1
#define CLI_HELP_GROUP 2

typedef struct {
    int type;
    int argc;
    sds *argv;
    sds full;

    /* Only used for help on commands */
    struct commandHelp *org;
} helpEntry;

static helpEntry *helpEntries;
static int helpEntriesLen;

static sds cliVersion(void) {
    sds version;
    version = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), "%s", REDIS_VERSION);

    /* Add git commit and working tree status when available */
    if (strtoll(redisGitSHA1(),NULL,16)) {
        version = sdscatprintf(version, " (git:%s", redisGitSHA1());
        if (strtoll(redisGitDirty(),NULL,10))
            version = sdscatprintf(version, "-dirty");
        version = sdscat(version, ")");
    }
    return version;
}

static void cliInitHelp(void) {
    int commandslen = sizeof(commandHelp)/sizeof(struct commandHelp);
    int groupslen = sizeof(commandGroups)/sizeof(char*);
    int i, len, pos = 0;
    helpEntry tmp;

    helpEntriesLen = len = commandslen+groupslen;
    helpEntries = zmalloc(sizeof(helpEntry)*len);

    for (i = 0; i < groupslen; i++) {
        tmp.argc = 1;
        tmp.argv = zmalloc(sizeof(sds));
        tmp.argv[0] = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"@%s",commandGroups[i]);
        tmp.full = tmp.argv[0];
        tmp.type = CLI_HELP_GROUP;
        tmp.org = NULL;
        helpEntries[pos++] = tmp;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < commandslen; i++) {
        tmp.argv = sdssplitargs(commandHelp[i].name,SAFE_STRLEN(commandHelp[i].name),&tmp.argc);
        tmp.full = sdsnew(commandHelp[i].name);
        tmp.type = CLI_HELP_COMMAND;
        tmp.org = &commandHelp[i];
        helpEntries[pos++] = tmp;
    }
}

/* cliInitHelp() setups the helpEntries array with the command and group
 * names from the help.h file. However the Redis instance we are connecting
 * to may support more commands, so this function integrates the previous
 * entries with additional entries obtained using the COMMAND command
 * available in recent versions of Redis. */
static void cliIntegrateHelp(void) {
    if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) return;

    redisReply *reply = redisCommand(context, "COMMAND");
    if(reply == NULL || reply->type != REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY) return;

    /* Scan the array reported by COMMAND and fill only the entries that
     * don't already match what we have. */
    for (size_t j = 0; j < reply->elements; j++) {
        redisReply *entry = reply->element[j];
        char *cmdname = entry->element[0]->str;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < helpEntriesLen; i++) {
            helpEntry *he = helpEntries+i;
            if (!strcasecmp(he->argv[0],cmdname))
                break;
        }
        if (i != helpEntriesLen) continue;

        helpEntriesLen++;
        helpEntries = zrealloc(helpEntries,sizeof(helpEntry)*helpEntriesLen);
        helpEntry *new = helpEntries+(helpEntriesLen-1);

        new->argc = 1;
        new->argv = zmalloc(sizeof(sds));
        new->argv[0] = sdsnew(cmdname);
        new->full = new->argv[0];
        new->type = CLI_HELP_COMMAND;
        sdstoupper(new->argv[0]);

        struct commandHelp *ch = zmalloc(sizeof(*ch));
        ch->name = new->argv[0];
        ch->params = sdsempty();
        int args = llabs(entry->element[1]->integer);
        if (entry->element[3]->integer == 1) {
            ch->params = sdscat(ch->params,"key ");
            args--;
        }
        while(args--) ch->params = sdscat(ch->params,"arg ");
        if (entry->element[1]->integer < 0)
            ch->params = sdscat(ch->params,"...options...");
        ch->summary = "Help not available";
        ch->group = 0;
        ch->since = "not known";
        new->org = ch;
    }
    freeReplyObject(reply);
}

/* Output command help to stdout. */
static void cliOutputCommandHelp(struct commandHelp *help, int group) {
    printf("\r\n  \x1b[1m%s\x1b[0m \x1b[90m%s\x1b[0m\r\n", help->name, help->params);
    printf("  \x1b[33msummary:\x1b[0m %s\r\n", help->summary);
    printf("  \x1b[33msince:\x1b[0m %s\r\n", help->since);
    if (group) {
        printf("  \x1b[33mgroup:\x1b[0m %s\r\n", commandGroups[help->group]);
    }
}

/* Print generic help. */
static void cliOutputGenericHelp(void) {
    sds version = cliVersion();
    printf(
        "redis-cli %s\n"
        "To get help about Redis commands type:\n"
        "      \"help @<group>\" to get a list of commands in <group>\n"
        "      \"help <command>\" for help on <command>\n"
        "      \"help <tab>\" to get a list of possible help topics\n"
        "      \"quit\" to exit\n"
        "\n"
        "To set redis-cli perferences:\n"
        "      \":set hints\" enable online hints\n"
        "      \":set nohints\" disable online hints\n"
        "Set your preferences in ~/.redisclirc\n",
        version
    );
    sdsfree(version);
}

/* Output all command help, filtering by group or command name. */
static void cliOutputHelp(int argc, char **argv) {
    int i, j, len;
    int group = -1;
    helpEntry *entry;
    struct commandHelp *help;

    if (argc == 0) {
        cliOutputGenericHelp();
        return;
    } else if (argc > 0 && argv[0][0] == '@') {
        len = sizeof(commandGroups)/sizeof(char*);
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (strcasecmp(argv[0]+1,commandGroups[i]) == 0) {
                group = i;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    assert(argc > 0);
    for (i = 0; i < helpEntriesLen; i++) {
        entry = &helpEntries[i];
        if (entry->type != CLI_HELP_COMMAND) continue;

        help = entry->org;
        if (group == -1) {
            /* Compare all arguments */
            if (argc == entry->argc) {
                for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
                    if (strcasecmp(argv[j],entry->argv[j]) != 0) break;
                }
                if (j == argc) {
                    cliOutputCommandHelp(help,1);
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (group == help->group) {
                cliOutputCommandHelp(help,0);
            }
        }
    }
    printf("\r\n");
}

/* Linenoise completion callback. */
static void completionCallback(const char *buf, linenoiseCompletions *lc) {
    size_t startpos = 0;
    int mask;
    int i;
    size_t matchlen;
    sds tmp;

    if (strncasecmp(buf,"help ",5) == 0) {
        startpos = 5;
        while (isspace(buf[startpos])) startpos++;
        mask = CLI_HELP_COMMAND | CLI_HELP_GROUP;
    } else {
        mask = CLI_HELP_COMMAND;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < helpEntriesLen; i++) {
        if (!(helpEntries[i].type & mask)) continue;

        matchlen = strlen(buf+startpos);
        if (strncasecmp(buf+startpos,helpEntries[i].full,matchlen) == 0) {
            tmp = sdsnewlen(buf,startpos);
            tmp = sdscat(tmp,helpEntries[i].full);
            linenoiseAddCompletion(lc,tmp);
            sdsfree(tmp);
        }
    }
}

/* Linenoise hints callback. */
static char *hintsCallback(const char *buf, int *color, int *bold) {
    if (!pref.hints) return NULL;

    int i, argc, buflen = strlen(buf);
    sds *argv = sdssplitargs(buf,SAFE_STRLEN(buf),&argc);
    int endspace = buflen && isspace(buf[buflen-1]);

    /* Check if the argument list is empty and return ASAP. */
    if (argc == 0) {
        sdsfreesplitres(argv,argc);
        return NULL;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < helpEntriesLen; i++) {
        if (!(helpEntries[i].type & CLI_HELP_COMMAND)) continue;

        if (strcasecmp(argv[0],helpEntries[i].full) == 0)
        {
            *color = 90;
            *bold = 0;
            sds hint = sdsnew(helpEntries[i].org->params);

            /* Remove arguments from the returned hint to show only the
             * ones the user did not yet typed. */
            int toremove = argc-1;
            while(toremove > 0 && sdslen(hint)) {
                if (hint[0] == '[') break;
                if (hint[0] == ' ') toremove--;
                sdsrange(hint,1,-1);
            }

            /* Add an initial space if needed. */
            if (!endspace) {
                sds newhint = sdsnewlen(" ",1);
                newhint = sdscatsds(newhint,hint);
                sdsfree(hint);
                hint = newhint;
            }

            sdsfreesplitres(argv,argc);
            return hint;
        }
    }
    sdsfreesplitres(argv,argc);
    return NULL;
}

static void freeHintsCallback(void *ptr) {
    sdsfree(ptr);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Networking / parsing
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Send AUTH command to the server */
static int cliAuth(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    if (config.auth == NULL) return REDIS_OK;

    reply = redisCommand(context,"AUTH %s",config.auth);
    if (reply != NULL) {
        freeReplyObject(reply);
        return REDIS_OK;
    }
    return REDIS_ERR;
}

/* Send SELECT dbnum to the server */
static int cliSelect(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    if (config.dbnum == 0) return REDIS_OK;

    reply = redisCommand(context,"SELECT %d",config.dbnum);
    if (reply != NULL) {
        int result = REDIS_OK;
        if (reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) result = REDIS_ERR;
        freeReplyObject(reply);
        return result;
    }
    return REDIS_ERR;
}

/* Connect to the server. If force is not zero the connection is performed
 * even if there is already a connected socket. */
static int cliConnect(int force) {
    if (context == NULL || force) {
        if (context != NULL) {
            redisFree(context);
        }

        if (config.hostsocket == NULL) {
            context = redisConnect(config.hostip,config.hostport);
        } else {
            context = redisConnectUnix(config.hostsocket);
        }

        if (context->err) {
            fprintf(stderr,"Could not connect to Redis at ");
            if (config.hostsocket == NULL)
                fprintf(stderr,"%s:%d: %s\n",config.hostip,config.hostport,context->errstr);
            else
                fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",config.hostsocket,context->errstr);
            redisFree(context);
            context = NULL;
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }

        /* Set aggressive KEEP_ALIVE socket option in the Redis context socket
         * in order to prevent timeouts caused by the execution of long
         * commands. At the same time this improves the detection of real
         * errors. */
        anetKeepAlive(NULL, context->fd, REDIS_CLI_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);

        /* Do AUTH and select the right DB. */
        if (cliAuth() != REDIS_OK)
            return REDIS_ERR;
        if (cliSelect() != REDIS_OK)
            return REDIS_ERR;
    }
    return REDIS_OK;
}

static void cliPrintContextError(void) {
    if (context == NULL) return;
    fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n",context->errstr);
}

static sds cliFormatReplyTTY(redisReply *r, char *prefix) {
    sds out = sdsempty();
    switch (r->type) {
    case REDIS_REPLY_ERROR:
        out = sdscatprintf(out,"(error) %s\n", r->str);
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_STATUS:
        out = sdscat(out,r->str);
        out = sdscat(out,"\n");
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER:
        out = sdscatprintf(out,"(integer) %lld\n",r->integer);
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_STRING:
        /* If you are producing output for the standard output we want
        * a more interesting output with quoted characters and so forth */
        out = sdscatrepr(out,r->str,r->len);
        out = sdscat(out,"\n");
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_NIL:
        out = sdscat(out,"(nil)\n");
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY:
        if (r->elements == 0) {
            out = sdscat(out,"(empty list or set)\n");
        } else {
            unsigned int i, idxlen = 0;
            char _prefixlen[16];
            char _prefixfmt[16];
            sds _prefix;
            sds tmp;

            /* Calculate chars needed to represent the largest index */
            i = r->elements;
            do {
                idxlen++;
                i /= 10;
            } while(i);

            /* Prefix for nested multi bulks should grow with idxlen+2 spaces */
            memset(_prefixlen,' ',idxlen+2);
            _prefixlen[idxlen+2] = '\0';
            _prefix = sdscat(sdsnew(prefix),_prefixlen);

            /* Setup prefix format for every entry */
            snprintf(_prefixfmt,sizeof(_prefixfmt),"%%s%%%ud) ",idxlen);

            for (i = 0; i < r->elements; i++) {
                /* Don't use the prefix for the first element, as the parent
                 * caller already prepended the index number. */
                out = sdscatprintf(out,_prefixfmt,i == 0 ? "" : prefix,i+1);

                /* Format the multi bulk entry */
                tmp = cliFormatReplyTTY(r->element[i],_prefix);
                out = sdscatlen(out,tmp,sdslen(tmp));
                sdsfree(tmp);
            }
            sdsfree(_prefix);
        }
    break;
    default:
        fprintf(stderr,"Unknown reply type: %d\n", r->type);
        exit(1);
    }
    return out;
}

int isColorTerm(void) {
    char *t = getenv("TERM");
    return t != NULL && strstr(t,"xterm") != NULL;
}

/* Helpe  function for sdsCatColorizedLdbReply() appending colorize strings
 * to an SDS string. */
sds sdscatcolor(sds o, char *s, size_t len, char *color) {
    if (!isColorTerm()) return sdscatlen(o,s,len);

    int bold = strstr(color,"bold") != NULL;
    int ccode = 37; /* Defaults to white. */
    if (strstr(color,"red")) ccode = 31;
    else if (strstr(color,"red")) ccode = 31;
    else if (strstr(color,"green")) ccode = 32;
    else if (strstr(color,"yellow")) ccode = 33;
    else if (strstr(color,"blue")) ccode = 34;
    else if (strstr(color,"magenta")) ccode = 35;
    else if (strstr(color,"cyan")) ccode = 36;
    else if (strstr(color,"white")) ccode = 37;

    o = sdscatfmt(o,"\033[%i;%i;49m",bold,ccode);
    o = sdscatlen(o,s,len);
    o = sdscat(o,"\033[0m");
    return o;
}

/* Colorize Lua debugger status replies according to the prefix they
 * have. */
sds sdsCatColorizedLdbReply(sds o, char *s, size_t len) {
    char *color = "white";

    if (strstr(s,"<debug>")) color = "bold";
    if (strstr(s,"<redis>")) color = "green";
    if (strstr(s,"<reply>")) color = "cyan";
    if (strstr(s,"<error>")) color = "red";
    if (strstr(s,"<hint>")) color = "bold";
    if (strstr(s,"<value>") || strstr(s,"<retval>")) color = "magenta";
    if (len > 4 && isdigit(s[3])) {
        if (s[1] == '>') color = "yellow"; /* Current line. */
        else if (s[2] == '#') color = "bold"; /* Break point. */
    }
    return sdscatcolor(o,s,len,color);
}

static sds cliFormatReplyRaw(redisReply *r) {
    sds out = sdsempty(), tmp;
    size_t i;

    switch (r->type) {
    case REDIS_REPLY_NIL:
        /* Nothing... */
        break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_ERROR:
        out = sdscatlen(out,r->str,r->len);
        out = sdscatlen(out,"\n",1);
        break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_STATUS:
    case REDIS_REPLY_STRING:
        if (r->type == REDIS_REPLY_STATUS && config.eval_ldb) {
            /* The Lua debugger replies with arrays of simple (status)
             * strings. We colorize the output for more fun if this
             * is a debugging session. */

            /* Detect the end of a debugging session. */
            if (strstr(r->str,"<endsession>") == r->str) {
                config.enable_ldb_on_eval = 0;
                config.eval_ldb = 0;
                config.eval_ldb_end = 1; /* Signal the caller session ended. */
                config.output = OUTPUT_STANDARD;
                cliRefreshPrompt();
            } else {
                out = sdsCatColorizedLdbReply(out,r->str,r->len);
            }
        } else {
            out = sdscatlen(out,r->str,r->len);
        }
        break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER:
        out = sdscatprintf(out,"%lld",r->integer);
        break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY:
        for (i = 0; i < r->elements; i++) {
            if (i > 0) out = sdscat(out,config.mb_delim);
            tmp = cliFormatReplyRaw(r->element[i]);
            out = sdscatlen(out,tmp,sdslen(tmp));
            sdsfree(tmp);
        }
        break;
    default:
        fprintf(stderr,"Unknown reply type: %d\n", r->type);
        exit(1);
    }
    return out;
}

static sds cliFormatReplyCSV(redisReply *r) {
    unsigned int i;

    sds out = sdsempty();
    switch (r->type) {
    case REDIS_REPLY_ERROR:
        out = sdscat(out,"ERROR,");
        out = sdscatrepr(out,r->str,strlen(r->str));
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_STATUS:
        out = sdscatrepr(out,r->str,r->len);
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER:
        out = sdscatprintf(out,"%lld",r->integer);
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_STRING:
        out = sdscatrepr(out,r->str,r->len);
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_NIL:
        out = sdscat(out,"NIL");
    break;
    case REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY:
        for (i = 0; i < r->elements; i++) {
            sds tmp = cliFormatReplyCSV(r->element[i]);
            out = sdscatlen(out,tmp,sdslen(tmp));
            if (i != r->elements-1) out = sdscat(out,",");
            sdsfree(tmp);
        }
    break;
    default:
        fprintf(stderr,"Unknown reply type: %d\n", r->type);
        exit(1);
    }
    return out;
}

static int cliReadReply(int output_raw_strings) {
    void *_reply;
    redisReply *reply;
    sds out = NULL;
    int output = 1;

    if (redisGetReply(context,&_reply) != REDIS_OK) {
        if (config.shutdown) {
            redisFree(context);
            context = NULL;
            return REDIS_OK;
        }
        if (config.interactive) {
            /* Filter cases where we should reconnect */
            if (context->err == REDIS_ERR_IO &&
                (errno == ECONNRESET || errno == EPIPE))
                return REDIS_ERR;
            if (context->err == REDIS_ERR_EOF)
                return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        cliPrintContextError();
        exit(1);
        return REDIS_ERR; /* avoid compiler warning */
    }

    reply = (redisReply*)_reply;

    config.last_cmd_type = reply->type;

    /* Check if we need to connect to a different node and reissue the
     * request. */
    if (config.cluster_mode && reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR &&
        (!strncmp(reply->str,"MOVED",5) || !strcmp(reply->str,"ASK")))
    {
        char *p = reply->str, *s;
        int slot;

        output = 0;
        /* Comments show the position of the pointer as:
         *
         * [S] for pointer 's'
         * [P] for pointer 'p'
         */
        s = strchr(p,' ');      /* MOVED[S]3999 127.0.0.1:6381 */
        p = strchr(s+1,' ');    /* MOVED[S]3999[P]127.0.0.1:6381 */
        *p = '\0';
        slot = atoi(s+1);
        s = strrchr(p+1,':');    /* MOVED 3999[P]127.0.0.1[S]6381 */
        *s = '\0';
        sdsfree(config.hostip);
        config.hostip = sdsnew(p+1);
        config.hostport = atoi(s+1);
        if (config.interactive)
            printf("-> Redirected to slot [%d] located at %s:%d\n",
                slot, config.hostip, config.hostport);
        config.cluster_reissue_command = 1;
        cliRefreshPrompt();
    }

    if (output) {
        if (output_raw_strings) {
            out = cliFormatReplyRaw(reply);
        } else {
            if (config.output == OUTPUT_RAW) {
                out = cliFormatReplyRaw(reply);
                out = sdscat(out,"\n");
            } else if (config.output == OUTPUT_STANDARD) {
                out = cliFormatReplyTTY(reply,"");
            } else if (config.output == OUTPUT_CSV) {
                out = cliFormatReplyCSV(reply);
                out = sdscat(out,"\n");
            }
        }
        fwrite(out,sdslen(out),1,stdout);
        sdsfree(out);
    }
    freeReplyObject(reply);
    return REDIS_OK;
}

static int cliSendCommand(int argc, char **argv, int repeat) {
    char *command = argv[0];
    size_t *argvlen;
    int j, output_raw;

    if (!config.eval_ldb && /* In debugging mode, let's pass "help" to Redis. */
        (!strcasecmp(command,"help") || !strcasecmp(command,"?"))) {
        cliOutputHelp(--argc, ++argv);
        return REDIS_OK;
    }

    if (context == NULL) return REDIS_ERR;

    output_raw = 0;
    if (!strcasecmp(command,"info") ||
        (argc >= 2 && !strcasecmp(command,"debug") &&
                      ((!strcasecmp(argv[1],"jemalloc") && !strcasecmp(argv[2],"info")) ||
                       !strcasecmp(argv[1],"htstats"))) ||
        (argc == 2 && !strcasecmp(command,"cluster") &&
                      (!strcasecmp(argv[1],"nodes") ||
                       !strcasecmp(argv[1],"info"))) ||
        (argc == 2 && !strcasecmp(command,"client") &&
                       !strcasecmp(argv[1],"list")) ||
        (argc == 3 && !strcasecmp(command,"latency") &&
                       !strcasecmp(argv[1],"graph")) ||
        (argc == 2 && !strcasecmp(command,"latency") &&
                       !strcasecmp(argv[1],"doctor")))
    {
        output_raw = 1;
    }

    if (!strcasecmp(command,"shutdown")) config.shutdown = 1;
    if (!strcasecmp(command,"monitor")) config.monitor_mode = 1;
    if (!strcasecmp(command,"subscribe") ||
        !strcasecmp(command,"psubscribe")) config.pubsub_mode = 1;
    if (!strcasecmp(command,"sync") ||
        !strcasecmp(command,"psync")) config.slave_mode = 1;

    /* When the user manually calls SCRIPT DEBUG, setup the activation of
     * debugging mode on the next eval if needed. */
    if (argc == 3 && !strcasecmp(argv[0],"script") &&
                     !strcasecmp(argv[1],"debug"))
    {
        if (!strcasecmp(argv[2],"yes") || !strcasecmp(argv[2],"sync")) {
            config.enable_ldb_on_eval = 1;
        } else {
            config.enable_ldb_on_eval = 0;
        }
    }

    /* Actually activate LDB on EVAL if needed. */
    if (!strcasecmp(command,"eval") && config.enable_ldb_on_eval) {
        config.eval_ldb = 1;
        config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
    }

    /* Setup argument length */
    argvlen = zmalloc(argc*sizeof(size_t));
    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
        argvlen[j] = sdslen(argv[j]);

    while(repeat--) {
        redisAppendCommandArgv(context,argc,(const char**)argv,argvlen);
        while (config.monitor_mode) {
            if (cliReadReply(output_raw) != REDIS_OK) exit(1);
            fflush(stdout);
        }

        if (config.pubsub_mode) {
            if (config.output != OUTPUT_RAW)
                printf("Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)\n");
            while (1) {
                if (cliReadReply(output_raw) != REDIS_OK) exit(1);
            }
        }

        if (config.slave_mode) {
            printf("Entering slave output mode...  (press Ctrl-C to quit)\n");
            slaveMode();
            config.slave_mode = 0;
            zfree(argvlen);
            return REDIS_ERR;  /* Error = slaveMode lost connection to master */
        }

        if (cliReadReply(output_raw) != REDIS_OK) {
            zfree(argvlen);
            return REDIS_ERR;
        } else {
            /* Store database number when SELECT was successfully executed. */
            if (!strcasecmp(command,"select") && argc == 2 && config.last_cmd_type != REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) {
                config.dbnum = atoi(argv[1]);
                cliRefreshPrompt();
            } else if (!strcasecmp(command,"auth") && argc == 2) {
                cliSelect();
            }
        }
        if (config.interval) usleep(config.interval);
        fflush(stdout); /* Make it grep friendly */
    }

    zfree(argvlen);
    return REDIS_OK;
}

/* Send a command reconnecting the link if needed. */
static redisReply *reconnectingRedisCommand(redisContext *c, const char *fmt, ...) {
    redisReply *reply = NULL;
    int tries = 0;
    va_list ap;

    assert(!c->err);
    while(reply == NULL) {
        while (c->err & (REDIS_ERR_IO | REDIS_ERR_EOF)) {
            printf("\r\x1b[0K"); /* Cursor to left edge + clear line. */
            printf("Reconnecting... %d\r", ++tries);
            fflush(stdout);

            redisFree(c);
            c = redisConnect(config.hostip,config.hostport);
            usleep(1000000);
        }

        va_start(ap,fmt);
        reply = redisvCommand(c,fmt,ap);
        va_end(ap);

        if (c->err && !(c->err & (REDIS_ERR_IO | REDIS_ERR_EOF))) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", c->errstr);
            exit(1);
        } else if (tries > 0) {
            printf("\r\x1b[0K"); /* Cursor to left edge + clear line. */
        }
    }

    context = c;
    return reply;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * User interface
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int parseOptions(int argc, char **argv) {
    int i;

    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        int lastarg = i==argc-1;

        if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-h") && !lastarg) {
            sdsfree(config.hostip);
            config.hostip = sdsnew(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-h") && lastarg) {
            usage();
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--help")) {
            usage();
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-x")) {
            config.stdinarg = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-p") && !lastarg) {
            config.hostport = atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-s") && !lastarg) {
            config.hostsocket = argv[++i];
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-r") && !lastarg) {
            config.repeat = strtoll(argv[++i],NULL,10);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-i") && !lastarg) {
            double seconds = atof(argv[++i]);
            config.interval = seconds*1000000;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-n") && !lastarg) {
            config.dbnum = atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-a") && !lastarg) {
            config.auth = argv[++i];
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--raw")) {
            config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--no-raw")) {
            config.output = OUTPUT_STANDARD;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--csv")) {
            config.output = OUTPUT_CSV;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--latency")) {
            config.latency_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--latency-dist")) {
            config.latency_dist_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--mono")) {
            spectrum_palette = spectrum_palette_mono;
            spectrum_palette_size = spectrum_palette_mono_size;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--latency-history")) {
            config.latency_mode = 1;
            config.latency_history = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--lru-test") && !lastarg) {
            config.lru_test_mode = 1;
            config.lru_test_sample_size = strtoll(argv[++i],NULL,10);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--slave")) {
            config.slave_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--stat")) {
            config.stat_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--scan")) {
            config.scan_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--pattern") && !lastarg) {
            config.pattern = argv[++i];
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--intrinsic-latency") && !lastarg) {
            config.intrinsic_latency_mode = 1;
            config.intrinsic_latency_duration = atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--rdb") && !lastarg) {
            config.getrdb_mode = 1;
            config.rdb_filename = argv[++i];
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--pipe")) {
            config.pipe_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--pipe-timeout") && !lastarg) {
            config.pipe_timeout = atoi(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--bigkeys")) {
            config.bigkeys = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--eval") && !lastarg) {
            config.eval = argv[++i];
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--ldb")) {
            config.eval_ldb = 1;
            config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"--ldb-sync-mode")) {
            config.eval_ldb = 1;
            config.eval_ldb_sync = 1;
            config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-c")) {
            config.cluster_mode = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-d") && !lastarg) {
            sdsfree(config.mb_delim);
            config.mb_delim = sdsnew(argv[++i]);
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i],"-v") || !strcmp(argv[i], "--version")) {
            sds version = cliVersion();
            printf("redis-cli %s\n", version);
            sdsfree(version);
            exit(0);
        } else {
            if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
                fprintf(stderr,
                    "Unrecognized option or bad number of args for: '%s'\n",
                    argv[i]);
                exit(1);
            } else {
                /* Likely the command name, stop here. */
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /* --ldb requires --eval. */
    if (config.eval_ldb && config.eval == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr,"Options --ldb and --ldb-sync-mode require --eval.\n");
        fprintf(stderr,"Try %s --help for more information.\n", argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    return i;
}

static sds readArgFromStdin(void) {
    char buf[1024];
    sds arg = sdsempty();

    while(1) {
        int nread = read(fileno(stdin),buf,1024);

        if (nread == 0) break;
        else if (nread == -1) {
            perror("Reading from standard input");
            exit(1);
        }
        arg = sdscatlen(arg,buf,nread);
    }
    return arg;
}

static void usage(void) {
    sds version = cliVersion();
    fprintf(stderr,
"redis-cli %s\n"
"\n"
"Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]]\n"
"  -h <hostname>      Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1).\n"
"  -p <port>          Server port (default: 6379).\n"
"  -s <socket>        Server socket (overrides hostname and port).\n"
"  -a <password>      Password to use when connecting to the server.\n"
"  -r <repeat>        Execute specified command N times.\n"
"  -i <interval>      When -r is used, waits <interval> seconds per command.\n"
"                     It is possible to specify sub-second times like -i 0.1.\n"
"  -n <db>            Database number.\n"
"  -x                 Read last argument from STDIN.\n"
"  -d <delimiter>     Multi-bulk delimiter in for raw formatting (default: \\n).\n"
"  -c                 Enable cluster mode (follow -ASK and -MOVED redirections).\n"
"  --raw              Use raw formatting for replies (default when STDOUT is\n"
"                     not a tty).\n"
"  --no-raw           Force formatted output even when STDOUT is not a tty.\n"
"  --csv              Output in CSV format.\n"
"  --stat             Print rolling stats about server: mem, clients, ...\n"
"  --latency          Enter a special mode continuously sampling latency.\n"
"  --latency-history  Like --latency but tracking latency changes over time.\n"
"                     Default time interval is 15 sec. Change it using -i.\n"
"  --latency-dist     Shows latency as a spectrum, requires xterm 256 colors.\n"
"                     Default time interval is 1 sec. Change it using -i.\n"
"  --lru-test <keys>  Simulate a cache workload with an 80-20 distribution.\n"
"  --slave            Simulate a slave showing commands received from the master.\n"
"  --rdb <filename>   Transfer an RDB dump from remote server to local file.\n"
"  --pipe             Transfer raw Redis protocol from stdin to server.\n"
"  --pipe-timeout <n> In --pipe mode, abort with error if after sending all data.\n"
"                     no reply is received within <n> seconds.\n"
"                     Default timeout: %d. Use 0 to wait forever.\n"
"  --bigkeys          Sample Redis keys looking for big keys.\n"
"  --scan             List all keys using the SCAN command.\n"
"  --pattern <pat>    Useful with --scan to specify a SCAN pattern.\n"
"  --intrinsic-latency <sec> Run a test to measure intrinsic system latency.\n"
"                     The test will run for the specified amount of seconds.\n"
"  --eval <file>      Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at <file>.\n"
"  --ldb              Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger.\n"
"  --ldb-sync-mode    Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in\n"
"                     this mode the server is blocked and script changes are\n"
"                     are not rolled back from the server memory.\n"
"  --help             Output this help and exit.\n"
"  --version          Output version and exit.\n"
"\n"
"Examples:\n"
"  cat /etc/passwd | redis-cli -x set mypasswd\n"
"  redis-cli get mypasswd\n"
"  redis-cli -r 100 lpush mylist x\n"
"  redis-cli -r 100 -i 1 info | grep used_memory_human:\n"
"  redis-cli --eval myscript.lua key1 key2 , arg1 arg2 arg3\n"
"  redis-cli --scan --pattern '*:12345*'\n"
"\n"
"  (Note: when using --eval the comma separates KEYS[] from ARGV[] items)\n"
"\n"
"When no command is given, redis-cli starts in interactive mode.\n"
"Type \"help\" in interactive mode for information on available commands\n"
"and settings.\n"
"\n",
        version, REDIS_CLI_DEFAULT_PIPE_TIMEOUT);
    sdsfree(version);
    exit(1);
}

/* Turn the plain C strings into Sds strings */
static char **convertToSds(int count, char** args) {
  int j;
  char **sds = zmalloc(sizeof(char*)*count);

  for(j = 0; j < count; j++)
    sds[j] = sdsnew(args[j]);

  return sds;
}

static int issueCommandRepeat(int argc, char **argv, long repeat) {
    while (1) {
        config.cluster_reissue_command = 0;
        if (cliSendCommand(argc,argv,repeat) != REDIS_OK) {
            cliConnect(1);

            /* If we still cannot send the command print error.
             * We'll try to reconnect the next time. */
            if (cliSendCommand(argc,argv,repeat) != REDIS_OK) {
                cliPrintContextError();
                return REDIS_ERR;
            }
         }
         /* Issue the command again if we got redirected in cluster mode */
         if (config.cluster_mode && config.cluster_reissue_command) {
            cliConnect(1);
         } else {
             break;
        }
    }
    return REDIS_OK;
}

static int issueCommand(int argc, char **argv) {
    return issueCommandRepeat(argc, argv, config.repeat);
}

/* Split the user provided command into multiple SDS arguments.
 * This function normally uses sdssplitargs() from sds.c which is able
 * to understand "quoted strings", escapes and so forth. However when
 * we are in Lua debugging mode and the "eval" command is used, we want
 * the remaining Lua script (after "e " or "eval ") to be passed verbatim
 * as a single big argument. */
static sds *cliSplitArgs(char *line, int *argc) {
    if (config.eval_ldb && (strstr(line,"eval ") == line ||
                            strstr(line,"e ") == line))
    {
        sds *argv = sds_malloc(sizeof(sds)*2);
        *argc = 2;
        int len = strlen(line);
        int elen = line[1] == ' ' ? 2 : 5; /* "e " or "eval "? */
        argv[0] = sdsnewlen(line,elen-1);
        argv[1] = sdsnewlen(line+elen,len-elen);
        return argv;
    } else {
        return sdssplitargs(line, SAFE_STRLEN(line), argc);
    }
}

/* Set the CLI perferences. This function is invoked when an interactive
 * ":command" is called, or when reading ~/.redisclirc file, in order to
 * set user preferences. */
void cliSetPreferences(char **argv, int argc, int interactive) {
    if (!strcasecmp(argv[0],":set") && argc >= 2) {
        if (!strcasecmp(argv[1],"hints")) pref.hints = 1;
        else if (!strcasecmp(argv[1],"nohints")) pref.hints = 0;
        else {
            printf("%sunknown redis-cli preference '%s'\n",
                interactive ? "" : ".redisclirc: ",
                argv[1]);
        }
    } else {
        printf("%sunknown redis-cli internal command '%s'\n",
            interactive ? "" : ".redisclirc: ",
            argv[0]);
    }
}

/* Load the ~/.redisclirc file if any. */
void cliLoadPreferences(void) {
    sds rcfile = getDotfilePath(REDIS_CLI_RCFILE_ENV,REDIS_CLI_RCFILE_DEFAULT);
    if (rcfile == NULL) return;
    FILE *fp = fopen(rcfile,"r");
    char buf[1024];

    if (fp) {
        while(fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) != NULL) {
            sds *argv;
            int argc;

            argv = sdssplitargs(buf,SAFE_STRLEN(buf),&argc);
            if (argc > 0) cliSetPreferences(argv,argc,0);
            sdsfreesplitres(argv,argc);
        }
    }
    sdsfree(rcfile);
}

static void repl(void) {
    sds historyfile = NULL;
    int history = 0;
    char *line;
    int argc;
    sds *argv;

    config.interactive = 1;
    linenoiseSetMultiLine(1);
    linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(completionCallback);
    linenoiseSetHintsCallback(hintsCallback);
    linenoiseSetFreeHintsCallback(freeHintsCallback);

    /* Only use history and load the rc file when stdin is a tty. */
    if (isatty(fileno(stdin))) {
        historyfile = getDotfilePath(REDIS_CLI_HISTFILE_ENV,REDIS_CLI_HISTFILE_DEFAULT);
        if (historyfile != NULL) {
            history = 1;
            linenoiseHistoryLoad(historyfile);
        }
        cliLoadPreferences();
    }

    cliRefreshPrompt();
    while((line = linenoise(context ? config.prompt : "not connected> ")) != NULL) {
        if (line[0] != '\0') {
            argv = cliSplitArgs(line,&argc);
            if (history) linenoiseHistoryAdd(line);
            if (historyfile) linenoiseHistorySave(historyfile);

            if (argv == NULL) {
                printf("Invalid argument(s)\n");
                linenoiseFree(line);
                continue;
            } else if (argc > 0) {
                if (strcasecmp(argv[0],"quit") == 0 ||
                    strcasecmp(argv[0],"exit") == 0)
                {
                    exit(0);
                } else if (argv[0][0] == ':') {
                    cliSetPreferences(argv,argc,1);
                    continue;
                } else if (strcasecmp(argv[0],"restart") == 0) {
                    if (config.eval) {
                        config.eval_ldb = 1;
                        config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
                        return; /* Return to evalMode to restart the session. */
                    } else {
                        printf("Use 'restart' only in Lua debugging mode.");
                    }
                } else if (argc == 3 && !strcasecmp(argv[0],"connect")) {
                    sdsfree(config.hostip);
                    config.hostip = sdsnew(argv[1]);
                    config.hostport = atoi(argv[2]);
                    cliRefreshPrompt();
                    cliConnect(1);
                } else if (argc == 1 && !strcasecmp(argv[0],"clear")) {
                    linenoiseClearScreen();
                } else {
                    long long start_time = mstime(), elapsed;
                    int repeat, skipargs = 0;

                    repeat = atoi(argv[0]);
                    if (argc > 1 && repeat) {
                        skipargs = 1;
                    } else {
                        repeat = 1;
                    }

                    issueCommandRepeat(argc-skipargs, argv+skipargs, repeat);

                    /* If our debugging session ended, show the EVAL final
                     * reply. */
                    if (config.eval_ldb_end) {
                        config.eval_ldb_end = 0;
                        cliReadReply(0);
                        printf("\n(Lua debugging session ended%s)\n\n",
                            config.eval_ldb_sync ? "" :
                            " -- dataset changes rolled back");
                    }

                    elapsed = mstime()-start_time;
                    if (elapsed >= 500) {
                        printf("(%.2fs)\n",(double)elapsed/1000);
                    }
                }
            }
            /* Free the argument vector */
            sdsfreesplitres(argv,argc);
        }
        /* linenoise() returns malloc-ed lines like readline() */
        linenoiseFree(line);
    }
    exit(0);
}

static int noninteractive(int argc, char **argv) {
    int retval = 0;
    if (config.stdinarg) {
        argv = zrealloc(argv, (argc+1)*sizeof(char*));
        argv[argc] = readArgFromStdin();
        retval = issueCommand(argc+1, argv);
    } else {
        retval = issueCommand(argc, argv);
    }
    return retval;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Eval mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int evalMode(int argc, char **argv) {
    sds script = NULL;
    FILE *fp;
    char buf[1024];
    size_t nread;
    char **argv2;
    int j, got_comma, keys;
    int retval = REDIS_OK;

    while(1) {
        if (config.eval_ldb) {
            printf(
            "Lua debugging session started, please use:\n"
            "quit    -- End the session.\n"
            "restart -- Restart the script in debug mode again.\n"
            "help    -- Show Lua script debugging commands.\n\n"
            );
        }

        sdsfree(script);
        script = sdsempty();
        got_comma = 0;
        keys = 0;

        /* Load the script from the file, as an sds string. */
        fp = fopen(config.eval,"r");
        if (!fp) {
            fprintf(stderr,
                "Can't open file '%s': %s\n", config.eval, strerror(errno));
            exit(1);
        }
        while((nread = fread(buf,1,sizeof(buf),fp)) != 0) {
            script = sdscatlen(script,buf,nread);
        }
        fclose(fp);

        /* If we are debugging a script, enable the Lua debugger. */
        if (config.eval_ldb) {
            redisReply *reply = redisCommand(context,
                    config.eval_ldb_sync ?
                    "SCRIPT DEBUG sync": "SCRIPT DEBUG yes");
            if (reply) freeReplyObject(reply);
        }

        /* Create our argument vector */
        argv2 = zmalloc(sizeof(sds)*(argc+3));
        argv2[0] = sdsnew("EVAL");
        argv2[1] = script;
        for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
            if (!got_comma && argv[j][0] == ',' && argv[j][1] == 0) {
                got_comma = 1;
                continue;
            }
            argv2[j+3-got_comma] = sdsnew(argv[j]);
            if (!got_comma) keys++;
        }
        argv2[2] = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%d",keys);

        /* Call it */
        int eval_ldb = config.eval_ldb; /* Save it, may be reverteed. */
        retval = issueCommand(argc+3-got_comma, argv2);
        if (eval_ldb) {
            if (!config.eval_ldb) {
                /* If the debugging session ended immediately, there was an
                 * error compiling the script. Show it and don't enter
                 * the REPL at all. */
                printf("Eval debugging session can't start:\n");
                cliReadReply(0);
                break; /* Return to the caller. */
            } else {
                strncpy(config.prompt,"lua debugger> ",sizeof(config.prompt));
                repl();
                /* Restart the session if repl() returned. */
                cliConnect(1);
                printf("\n");
            }
        } else {
            break; /* Return to the caller. */
        }
    }
    return retval;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Latency and latency history modes
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define LATENCY_SAMPLE_RATE 10 /* milliseconds. */
#define LATENCY_HISTORY_DEFAULT_INTERVAL 15000 /* milliseconds. */
static void latencyMode(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    long long start, latency, min = 0, max = 0, tot = 0, count = 0;
    long long history_interval =
        config.interval ? config.interval/1000 :
                          LATENCY_HISTORY_DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
    double avg;
    long long history_start = mstime();

    if (!context) exit(1);
    while(1) {
        start = mstime();
        reply = reconnectingRedisCommand(context,"PING");
        if (reply == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr,"\nI/O error\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        latency = mstime()-start;
        freeReplyObject(reply);
        count++;
        if (count == 1) {
            min = max = tot = latency;
            avg = (double) latency;
        } else {
            if (latency < min) min = latency;
            if (latency > max) max = latency;
            tot += latency;
            avg = (double) tot/count;
        }
        printf("\x1b[0G\x1b[2Kmin: %lld, max: %lld, avg: %.2f (%lld samples)",
            min, max, avg, count);
        fflush(stdout);
        if (config.latency_history && mstime()-history_start > history_interval)
        {
            printf(" -- %.2f seconds range\n", (float)(mstime()-history_start)/1000);
            history_start = mstime();
            min = max = tot = count = 0;
        }
        usleep(LATENCY_SAMPLE_RATE * 1000);
    }
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Latency distribution mode -- requires 256 colors xterm
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define LATENCY_DIST_DEFAULT_INTERVAL 1000 /* milliseconds. */

/* Structure to store samples distribution. */
struct distsamples {
    long long max;   /* Max latency to fit into this interval (usec). */
    long long count; /* Number of samples in this interval. */
    int character;   /* Associated character in visualization. */
};

/* Helper function for latencyDistMode(). Performs the spectrum visualization
 * of the collected samples targeting an xterm 256 terminal.
 *
 * Takes an array of distsamples structures, ordered from smaller to bigger
 * 'max' value. Last sample max must be 0, to mean that it olds all the
 * samples greater than the previous one, and is also the stop sentinel.
 *
 * "tot' is the total number of samples in the different buckets, so it
 * is the SUM(samples[i].conut) for i to 0 up to the max sample.
 *
 * As a side effect the function sets all the buckets count to 0. */
void showLatencyDistSamples(struct distsamples *samples, long long tot) {
    int j;

     /* We convert samples into a index inside the palette
     * proportional to the percentage a given bucket represents.
     * This way intensity of the different parts of the spectrum
     * don't change relative to the number of requests, which avoids to
     * pollute the visualization with non-latency related info. */
    printf("\033[38;5;0m"); /* Set foreground color to black. */
    for (j = 0; ; j++) {
        int coloridx =
            ceil((float) samples[j].count / tot * (spectrum_palette_size-1));
        int color = spectrum_palette[coloridx];
        printf("\033[48;5;%dm%c", (int)color, samples[j].character);
        samples[j].count = 0;
        if (samples[j].max == 0) break; /* Last sample. */
    }
    printf("\033[0m\n");
    fflush(stdout);
}

/* Show the legend: different buckets values and colors meaning, so
 * that the spectrum is more easily readable. */
void showLatencyDistLegend(void) {
    int j;

    printf("---------------------------------------------\n");
    printf(". - * #          .01 .125 .25 .5 milliseconds\n");
    printf("1,2,3,...,9      from 1 to 9     milliseconds\n");
    printf("A,B,C,D,E        10,20,30,40,50  milliseconds\n");
    printf("F,G,H,I,J        .1,.2,.3,.4,.5       seconds\n");
    printf("K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,?  1,2,4,8,16,30,60,>60 seconds\n");
    printf("From 0 to 100%%: ");
    for (j = 0; j < spectrum_palette_size; j++) {
        printf("\033[48;5;%dm ", spectrum_palette[j]);
    }
    printf("\033[0m\n");
    printf("---------------------------------------------\n");
}

static void latencyDistMode(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    long long start, latency, count = 0;
    long long history_interval =
        config.interval ? config.interval/1000 :
                          LATENCY_DIST_DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
    long long history_start = ustime();
    int j, outputs = 0;

    struct distsamples samples[] = {
        /* We use a mostly logarithmic scale, with certain linear intervals
         * which are more interesting than others, like 1-10 milliseconds
         * range. */
        {10,0,'.'},         /* 0.01 ms */
        {125,0,'-'},        /* 0.125 ms */
        {250,0,'*'},        /* 0.25 ms */
        {500,0,'#'},        /* 0.5 ms */
        {1000,0,'1'},       /* 1 ms */
        {2000,0,'2'},       /* 2 ms */
        {3000,0,'3'},       /* 3 ms */
        {4000,0,'4'},       /* 4 ms */
        {5000,0,'5'},       /* 5 ms */
        {6000,0,'6'},       /* 6 ms */
        {7000,0,'7'},       /* 7 ms */
        {8000,0,'8'},       /* 8 ms */
        {9000,0,'9'},       /* 9 ms */
        {10000,0,'A'},      /* 10 ms */
        {20000,0,'B'},      /* 20 ms */
        {30000,0,'C'},      /* 30 ms */
        {40000,0,'D'},      /* 40 ms */
        {50000,0,'E'},      /* 50 ms */
        {100000,0,'F'},     /* 0.1 s */
        {200000,0,'G'},     /* 0.2 s */
        {300000,0,'H'},     /* 0.3 s */
        {400000,0,'I'},     /* 0.4 s */
        {500000,0,'J'},     /* 0.5 s */
        {1000000,0,'K'},    /* 1 s */
        {2000000,0,'L'},    /* 2 s */
        {4000000,0,'M'},    /* 4 s */
        {8000000,0,'N'},    /* 8 s */
        {16000000,0,'O'},   /* 16 s */
        {30000000,0,'P'},   /* 30 s */
        {60000000,0,'Q'},   /* 1 minute */
        {0,0,'?'},          /* > 1 minute */
    };

    if (!context) exit(1);
    while(1) {
        start = ustime();
        reply = reconnectingRedisCommand(context,"PING");
        if (reply == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr,"\nI/O error\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        latency = ustime()-start;
        freeReplyObject(reply);
        count++;

        /* Populate the relevant bucket. */
        for (j = 0; ; j++) {
            if (samples[j].max == 0 || latency <= samples[j].max) {
                samples[j].count++;
                break;
            }
        }

        /* From time to time show the spectrum. */
        if (count && (ustime()-history_start)/1000 > history_interval) {
            if ((outputs++ % 20) == 0)
                showLatencyDistLegend();
            showLatencyDistSamples(samples,count);
            history_start = ustime();
            count = 0;
        }
        usleep(LATENCY_SAMPLE_RATE * 1000);
    }
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Slave mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Sends SYNC and reads the number of bytes in the payload. Used both by
 * slaveMode() and getRDB(). */
unsigned long long sendSync(int fd) {
    /* To start we need to send the SYNC command and return the payload.
     * The hiredis client lib does not understand this part of the protocol
     * and we don't want to mess with its buffers, so everything is performed
     * using direct low-level I/O. */
    char buf[4096], *p;
    ssize_t nread;

    /* Send the SYNC command. */
    if (write(fd,"SYNC\r\n",6) != 6) {
        fprintf(stderr,"Error writing to master\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Read $<payload>\r\n, making sure to read just up to "\n" */
    p = buf;
    while(1) {
        nread = read(fd,p,1);
        if (nread <= 0) {
            fprintf(stderr,"Error reading bulk length while SYNCing\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        if (*p == '\n' && p != buf) break;
        if (*p != '\n') p++;
    }
    *p = '\0';
    if (buf[0] == '-') {
        printf("SYNC with master failed: %s\n", buf);
        exit(1);
    }
    return strtoull(buf+1,NULL,10);
}

static void slaveMode(void) {
    int fd = context->fd;
    unsigned long long payload = sendSync(fd);
    char buf[1024];
    int original_output = config.output;

    fprintf(stderr,"SYNC with master, discarding %llu "
                   "bytes of bulk transfer...\n", payload);

    /* Discard the payload. */
    while(payload) {
        ssize_t nread;

        nread = read(fd,buf,(payload > sizeof(buf)) ? sizeof(buf) : payload);
        if (nread <= 0) {
            fprintf(stderr,"Error reading RDB payload while SYNCing\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        payload -= nread;
    }
    fprintf(stderr,"SYNC done. Logging commands from master.\n");

    /* Now we can use hiredis to read the incoming protocol. */
    config.output = OUTPUT_CSV;
    while (cliReadReply(0) == REDIS_OK);
    config.output = original_output;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * RDB transfer mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* This function implements --rdb, so it uses the replication protocol in order
 * to fetch the RDB file from a remote server. */
static void getRDB(void) {
    int s = context->fd;
    int fd;
    unsigned long long payload = sendSync(s);
    char buf[4096];

    fprintf(stderr,"SYNC sent to master, writing %llu bytes to '%s'\n",
        payload, config.rdb_filename);

    /* Write to file. */
    if (!strcmp(config.rdb_filename,"-")) {
        fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
    } else {
        fd = open(config.rdb_filename, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY, 0644);
        if (fd == -1) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error opening '%s': %s\n", config.rdb_filename,
                strerror(errno));
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    while(payload) {
        ssize_t nread, nwritten;

        nread = read(s,buf,(payload > sizeof(buf)) ? sizeof(buf) : payload);
        if (nread <= 0) {
            fprintf(stderr,"I/O Error reading RDB payload from socket\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        nwritten = write(fd, buf, nread);
        if (nwritten != nread) {
            fprintf(stderr,"Error writing data to file: %s\n",
                strerror(errno));
            exit(1);
        }
        payload -= nread;
    }
    close(s); /* Close the file descriptor ASAP as fsync() may take time. */
    fsync(fd);
    fprintf(stderr,"Transfer finished with success.\n");
    exit(0);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Bulk import (pipe) mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define PIPEMODE_WRITE_LOOP_MAX_BYTES (128*1024)
static void pipeMode(void) {
    int fd = context->fd;
    long long errors = 0, replies = 0, obuf_len = 0, obuf_pos = 0;
    char ibuf[1024*16], obuf[1024*16]; /* Input and output buffers */
    char aneterr[ANET_ERR_LEN];
    redisReader *reader = redisReaderCreate();
    redisReply *reply;
    int eof = 0; /* True once we consumed all the standard input. */
    int done = 0;
    char magic[20]; /* Special reply we recognize. */
    time_t last_read_time = time(NULL);

    srand(time(NULL));

    /* Use non blocking I/O. */
    if (anetNonBlock(aneterr,fd) == ANET_ERR) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't set the socket in non blocking mode: %s\n",
            aneterr);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Transfer raw protocol and read replies from the server at the same
     * time. */
    while(!done) {
        int mask = AE_READABLE;

        if (!eof || obuf_len != 0) mask |= AE_WRITABLE;
        mask = aeWait(fd,mask,1000);

        /* Handle the readable state: we can read replies from the server. */
        if (mask & AE_READABLE) {
            ssize_t nread;

            /* Read from socket and feed the hiredis reader. */
            do {
                nread = read(fd,ibuf,sizeof(ibuf));
                if (nread == -1 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error reading from the server: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                    exit(1);
                }
                if (nread > 0) {
                    redisReaderFeed(reader,ibuf,nread);
                    last_read_time = time(NULL);
                }
            } while(nread > 0);

            /* Consume replies. */
            do {
                if (redisReaderGetReply(reader,(void**)&reply) == REDIS_ERR) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error reading replies from server\n");
                    exit(1);
                }
                if (reply) {
                    if (reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) {
                        fprintf(stderr,"%s\n", reply->str);
                        errors++;
                    } else if (eof && reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_STRING &&
                                      reply->len == 20) {
                        /* Check if this is the reply to our final ECHO
                         * command. If so everything was received
                         * from the server. */
                        if (memcmp(reply->str,magic,20) == 0) {
                            printf("Last reply received from server.\n");
                            done = 1;
                            replies--;
                        }
                    }
                    replies++;
                    freeReplyObject(reply);
                }
            } while(reply);
        }

        /* Handle the writable state: we can send protocol to the server. */
        if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) {
            ssize_t loop_nwritten = 0;

            while(1) {
                /* Transfer current buffer to server. */
                if (obuf_len != 0) {
                    ssize_t nwritten = write(fd,obuf+obuf_pos,obuf_len);

                    if (nwritten == -1) {
                        if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
                            fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to the server: %s\n",
                                strerror(errno));
                            exit(1);
                        } else {
                            nwritten = 0;
                        }
                    }
                    obuf_len -= nwritten;
                    obuf_pos += nwritten;
                    loop_nwritten += nwritten;
                    if (obuf_len != 0) break; /* Can't accept more data. */
                }
                /* If buffer is empty, load from stdin. */
                if (obuf_len == 0 && !eof) {
                    ssize_t nread = read(STDIN_FILENO,obuf,sizeof(obuf));

                    if (nread == 0) {
                        /* The ECHO sequence starts with a "\r\n" so that if there
                         * is garbage in the protocol we read from stdin, the ECHO
                         * will likely still be properly formatted.
                         * CRLF is ignored by Redis, so it has no effects. */
                        char echo[] =
                        "\r\n*2\r\n$4\r\nECHO\r\n$20\r\n01234567890123456789\r\n";
                        int j;

                        eof = 1;
                        /* Everything transferred, so we queue a special
                         * ECHO command that we can match in the replies
                         * to make sure everything was read from the server. */
                        for (j = 0; j < 20; j++)
                            magic[j] = rand() & 0xff;
                        memcpy(echo+21,magic,20);
                        memcpy(obuf,echo,sizeof(echo)-1);
                        obuf_len = sizeof(echo)-1;
                        obuf_pos = 0;
                        printf("All data transferred. Waiting for the last reply...\n");
                    } else if (nread == -1) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading from stdin: %s\n",
                            strerror(errno));
                        exit(1);
                    } else {
                        obuf_len = nread;
                        obuf_pos = 0;
                    }
                }
                if ((obuf_len == 0 && eof) ||
                    loop_nwritten > PIPEMODE_WRITE_LOOP_MAX_BYTES) break;
            }
        }

        /* Handle timeout, that is, we reached EOF, and we are not getting
         * replies from the server for a few seconds, nor the final ECHO is
         * received. */
        if (eof && config.pipe_timeout > 0 &&
            time(NULL)-last_read_time > config.pipe_timeout)
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"No replies for %d seconds: exiting.\n",
                config.pipe_timeout);
            errors++;
            break;
        }
    }
    redisReaderFree(reader);
    printf("errors: %lld, replies: %lld\n", errors, replies);
    if (errors)
        exit(1);
    else
        exit(0);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Find big keys
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define TYPE_STRING 0
#define TYPE_LIST   1
#define TYPE_SET    2
#define TYPE_HASH   3
#define TYPE_ZSET   4
#define TYPE_NONE   5

static redisReply *sendScan(unsigned long long *it) {
    redisReply *reply = redisCommand(context, "SCAN %llu", *it);

    /* Handle any error conditions */
    if(reply == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\nI/O error\n");
        exit(1);
    } else if(reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) {
        fprintf(stderr, "SCAN error: %s\n", reply->str);
        exit(1);
    } else if(reply->type != REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Non ARRAY response from SCAN!\n");
        exit(1);
    } else if(reply->elements != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid element count from SCAN!\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Validate our types are correct */
    assert(reply->element[0]->type == REDIS_REPLY_STRING);
    assert(reply->element[1]->type == REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY);

    /* Update iterator */
    *it = strtoull(reply->element[0]->str, NULL, 10);

    return reply;
}

static int getDbSize(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    int size;

    reply = redisCommand(context, "DBSIZE");

    if(reply == NULL || reply->type != REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't determine DBSIZE!\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* Grab the number of keys and free our reply */
    size = reply->integer;
    freeReplyObject(reply);

    return size;
}

static int toIntType(char *key, char *type) {
    if(!strcmp(type, "string")) {
        return TYPE_STRING;
    } else if(!strcmp(type, "list")) {
        return TYPE_LIST;
    } else if(!strcmp(type, "set")) {
        return TYPE_SET;
    } else if(!strcmp(type, "hash")) {
        return TYPE_HASH;
    } else if(!strcmp(type, "zset")) {
        return TYPE_ZSET;
    } else if(!strcmp(type, "none")) {
        return TYPE_NONE;
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unknown type '%s' for key '%s'\n", type, key);
        exit(1);
    }
}

static void getKeyTypes(redisReply *keys, int *types) {
    redisReply *reply;
    unsigned int i;

    /* Pipeline TYPE commands */
    for(i=0;i<keys->elements;i++) {
        redisAppendCommand(context, "TYPE %s", keys->element[i]->str);
    }

    /* Retrieve types */
    for(i=0;i<keys->elements;i++) {
        if(redisGetReply(context, (void**)&reply)!=REDIS_OK) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error getting type for key '%s' (%d: %s)\n",
                keys->element[i]->str, context->err, context->errstr);
            exit(1);
        } else if(reply->type != REDIS_REPLY_STATUS) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid reply type (%d) for TYPE on key '%s'!\n",
                reply->type, keys->element[i]->str);
            exit(1);
        }

        types[i] = toIntType(keys->element[i]->str, reply->str);
        freeReplyObject(reply);
    }
}

static void getKeySizes(redisReply *keys, int *types,
                        unsigned long long *sizes)
{
    redisReply *reply;
    char *sizecmds[] = {"STRLEN","LLEN","SCARD","HLEN","ZCARD"};
    unsigned int i;

    /* Pipeline size commands */
    for(i=0;i<keys->elements;i++) {
        /* Skip keys that were deleted */
        if(types[i]==TYPE_NONE)
            continue;

        redisAppendCommand(context, "%s %s", sizecmds[types[i]],
            keys->element[i]->str);
    }

    /* Retreive sizes */
    for(i=0;i<keys->elements;i++) {
        /* Skip keys that dissapeared between SCAN and TYPE */
        if(types[i] == TYPE_NONE) {
            sizes[i] = 0;
            continue;
        }

        /* Retreive size */
        if(redisGetReply(context, (void**)&reply)!=REDIS_OK) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error getting size for key '%s' (%d: %s)\n",
                keys->element[i]->str, context->err, context->errstr);
            exit(1);
        } else if(reply->type != REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER) {
            /* Theoretically the key could have been removed and
             * added as a different type between TYPE and SIZE */
            fprintf(stderr,
                "Warning:  %s on '%s' failed (may have changed type)\n",
                 sizecmds[types[i]], keys->element[i]->str);
            sizes[i] = 0;
        } else {
            sizes[i] = reply->integer;
        }

        freeReplyObject(reply);
    }
}

static void findBigKeys(void) {
    unsigned long long biggest[5] = {0}, counts[5] = {0}, totalsize[5] = {0};
    unsigned long long sampled = 0, total_keys, totlen=0, *sizes=NULL, it=0;
    sds maxkeys[5] = {0};
    char *typename[] = {"string","list","set","hash","zset"};
    char *typeunit[] = {"bytes","items","members","fields","members"};
    redisReply *reply, *keys;
    unsigned int arrsize=0, i;
    int type, *types=NULL;
    double pct;

    /* Total keys pre scanning */
    total_keys = getDbSize();

    /* Status message */
    printf("\n# Scanning the entire keyspace to find biggest keys as well as\n");
    printf("# average sizes per key type.  You can use -i 0.1 to sleep 0.1 sec\n");
    printf("# per 100 SCAN commands (not usually needed).\n\n");

    /* New up sds strings to keep track of overall biggest per type */
    for(i=0;i<TYPE_NONE; i++) {
        maxkeys[i] = sdsempty();
        if(!maxkeys[i]) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for largest key names!\n");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    /* SCAN loop */
    do {
        /* Calculate approximate percentage completion */
        pct = 100 * (double)sampled/total_keys;

        /* Grab some keys and point to the keys array */
        reply = sendScan(&it);
        keys  = reply->element[1];

        /* Reallocate our type and size array if we need to */
        if(keys->elements > arrsize) {
            types = zrealloc(types, sizeof(int)*keys->elements);
            sizes = zrealloc(sizes, sizeof(unsigned long long)*keys->elements);

            if(!types || !sizes) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate storage for keys!\n");
                exit(1);
            }

            arrsize = keys->elements;
        }

        /* Retreive types and then sizes */
        getKeyTypes(keys, types);
        getKeySizes(keys, types, sizes);

        /* Now update our stats */
        for(i=0;i<keys->elements;i++) {
            if((type = types[i]) == TYPE_NONE)
                continue;

            totalsize[type] += sizes[i];
            counts[type]++;
            totlen += keys->element[i]->len;
            sampled++;

            if(biggest[type]<sizes[i]) {
                printf(
                   "[%05.2f%%] Biggest %-6s found so far '%s' with %llu %s\n",
                   pct, typename[type], keys->element[i]->str, sizes[i],
                   typeunit[type]);

                /* Keep track of biggest key name for this type */
                maxkeys[type] = sdscpy(maxkeys[type], keys->element[i]->str);
                if(!maxkeys[type]) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory for key!\n");
                    exit(1);
                }

                /* Keep track of the biggest size for this type */
                biggest[type] = sizes[i];
            }

            /* Update overall progress */
            if(sampled % 1000000 == 0) {
                printf("[%05.2f%%] Sampled %llu keys so far\n", pct, sampled);
            }
        }

        /* Sleep if we've been directed to do so */
        if(sampled && (sampled %100) == 0 && config.interval) {
            usleep(config.interval);
        }

        freeReplyObject(reply);
    } while(it != 0);

    if(types) zfree(types);
    if(sizes) zfree(sizes);

    /* We're done */
    printf("\n-------- summary -------\n\n");

    printf("Sampled %llu keys in the keyspace!\n", sampled);
    printf("Total key length in bytes is %llu (avg len %.2f)\n\n",
       totlen, totlen ? (double)totlen/sampled : 0);

    /* Output the biggest keys we found, for types we did find */
    for(i=0;i<TYPE_NONE;i++) {
        if(sdslen(maxkeys[i])>0) {
            printf("Biggest %6s found '%s' has %llu %s\n", typename[i], maxkeys[i],
               biggest[i], typeunit[i]);
        }
    }

    printf("\n");

    for(i=0;i<TYPE_NONE;i++) {
        printf("%llu %ss with %llu %s (%05.2f%% of keys, avg size %.2f)\n",
           counts[i], typename[i], totalsize[i], typeunit[i],
           sampled ? 100 * (double)counts[i]/sampled : 0,
           counts[i] ? (double)totalsize[i]/counts[i] : 0);
    }

    /* Free sds strings containing max keys */
    for(i=0;i<TYPE_NONE;i++) {
        sdsfree(maxkeys[i]);
    }

    /* Success! */
    exit(0);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Stats mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Return the specified INFO field from the INFO command output "info".
 * A new buffer is allocated for the result, that needs to be free'd.
 * If the field is not found NULL is returned. */
static char *getInfoField(char *info, char *field) {
    char *p = strstr(info,field);
    char *n1, *n2;
    char *result;

    if (!p) return NULL;
    p += strlen(field)+1;
    n1 = strchr(p,'\r');
    n2 = strchr(p,',');
    if (n2 && n2 < n1) n1 = n2;
    result = zmalloc(sizeof(char)*(n1-p)+1);
    memcpy(result,p,(n1-p));
    result[n1-p] = '\0';
    return result;
}

/* Like the above function but automatically convert the result into
 * a long. On error (missing field) LONG_MIN is returned. */
static long getLongInfoField(char *info, char *field) {
    char *value = getInfoField(info,field);
    long l;

    if (!value) return LONG_MIN;
    l = strtol(value,NULL,10);
    zfree(value);
    return l;
}

/* Convert number of bytes into a human readable string of the form:
 * 100B, 2G, 100M, 4K, and so forth. */
void bytesToHuman(char *s, long long n) {
    double d;

    if (n < 0) {
        *s = '-';
        s++;
        n = -n;
    }
    if (n < 1024) {
        /* Bytes */
        sprintf(s,"%lldB",n);
        return;
    } else if (n < (1024*1024)) {
        d = (double)n/(1024);
        sprintf(s,"%.2fK",d);
    } else if (n < (1024LL*1024*1024)) {
        d = (double)n/(1024*1024);
        sprintf(s,"%.2fM",d);
    } else if (n < (1024LL*1024*1024*1024)) {
        d = (double)n/(1024LL*1024*1024);
        sprintf(s,"%.2fG",d);
    }
}

static void statMode(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    long aux, requests = 0;
    int i = 0;

    while(1) {
        char buf[64];
        int j;

        reply = reconnectingRedisCommand(context,"INFO");
        if (reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) {
            printf("ERROR: %s\n", reply->str);
            exit(1);
        }

        if ((i++ % 20) == 0) {
            printf(
"------- data ------ --------------------- load -------------------- - child -\n"
"keys       mem      clients blocked requests            connections          \n");
        }

        /* Keys */
        aux = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
            long k;

            sprintf(buf,"db%d:keys",j);
            k = getLongInfoField(reply->str,buf);
            if (k == LONG_MIN) continue;
            aux += k;
        }
        sprintf(buf,"%ld",aux);
        printf("%-11s",buf);

        /* Used memory */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"used_memory");
        bytesToHuman(buf,aux);
        printf("%-8s",buf);

        /* Clients */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"connected_clients");
        sprintf(buf,"%ld",aux);
        printf(" %-8s",buf);

        /* Blocked (BLPOPPING) Clients */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"blocked_clients");
        sprintf(buf,"%ld",aux);
        printf("%-8s",buf);

        /* Requets */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"total_commands_processed");
        sprintf(buf,"%ld (+%ld)",aux,requests == 0 ? 0 : aux-requests);
        printf("%-19s",buf);
        requests = aux;

        /* Connections */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"total_connections_received");
        sprintf(buf,"%ld",aux);
        printf(" %-12s",buf);

        /* Children */
        aux = getLongInfoField(reply->str,"bgsave_in_progress");
        aux |= getLongInfoField(reply->str,"aof_rewrite_in_progress") << 1;
        aux |= getLongInfoField(reply->str,"loading") << 2;
        switch(aux) {
        case 0: break;
        case 1:
            printf("SAVE");
            break;
        case 2:
            printf("AOF");
            break;
        case 3:
            printf("SAVE+AOF");
            break;
        case 4:
            printf("LOAD");
            break;
        }

        printf("\n");
        freeReplyObject(reply);
        usleep(config.interval);
    }
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Scan mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static void scanMode(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    unsigned long long cur = 0;

    do {
        if (config.pattern)
            reply = redisCommand(context,"SCAN %llu MATCH %s",
                cur,config.pattern);
        else
            reply = redisCommand(context,"SCAN %llu",cur);
        if (reply == NULL) {
            printf("I/O error\n");
            exit(1);
        } else if (reply->type == REDIS_REPLY_ERROR) {
            printf("ERROR: %s\n", reply->str);
            exit(1);
        } else {
            unsigned int j;

            cur = strtoull(reply->element[0]->str,NULL,10);
            for (j = 0; j < reply->element[1]->elements; j++)
                printf("%s\n", reply->element[1]->element[j]->str);
        }
        freeReplyObject(reply);
    } while(cur != 0);

    exit(0);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * LRU test mode
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Return an integer from min to max (both inclusive) using a power-law
 * distribution, depending on the value of alpha: the greater the alpha
 * the more bias towards lower values.
 *
 * With alpha = 6.2 the output follows the 80-20 rule where 20% of
 * the returned numbers will account for 80% of the frequency. */
long long powerLawRand(long long min, long long max, double alpha) {
    double pl, r;

    max += 1;
    r = ((double)rand()) / RAND_MAX;
    pl = pow(
        ((pow(max,alpha+1) - pow(min,alpha+1))*r + pow(min,alpha+1)),
        (1.0/(alpha+1)));
    return (max-1-(long long)pl)+min;
}

/* Generates a key name among a set of lru_test_sample_size keys, using
 * an 80-20 distribution. */
void LRUTestGenKey(char *buf, size_t buflen) {
    snprintf(buf, buflen, "lru:%lld",
        powerLawRand(1, config.lru_test_sample_size, 6.2));
}

#define LRU_CYCLE_PERIOD 1000 /* 1000 milliseconds. */
#define LRU_CYCLE_PIPELINE_SIZE 250
static void LRUTestMode(void) {
    redisReply *reply;
    char key[128];
    long long start_cycle;
    int j;

    srand(time(NULL)^getpid());
    while(1) {
        /* Perform cycles of 1 second with 50% writes and 50% reads.
         * We use pipelining batching writes / reads N times per cycle in order
         * to fill the target instance easily. */
        start_cycle = mstime();
        long long hits = 0, misses = 0;
        while(mstime() - start_cycle < 1000) {
            /* Write cycle. */
            for (j = 0; j < LRU_CYCLE_PIPELINE_SIZE; j++) {
                char val[6];
                val[5] = '\0';
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) val[i] = 'A'+rand()%('z'-'A');
                LRUTestGenKey(key,sizeof(key));
                redisAppendCommand(context, "SET %s %s",key,val);
            }
            for (j = 0; j < LRU_CYCLE_PIPELINE_SIZE; j++)
                redisGetReply(context, (void**)&reply);

            /* Read cycle. */
            for (j = 0; j < LRU_CYCLE_PIPELINE_SIZE; j++) {
                LRUTestGenKey(key,sizeof(key));
                redisAppendCommand(context, "GET %s",key);
            }
            for (j = 0; j < LRU_CYCLE_PIPELINE_SIZE; j++) {
                if (redisGetReply(context, (void**)&reply) == REDIS_OK) {
                    switch(reply->type) {
                        case REDIS_REPLY_ERROR:
                            printf("%s\n", reply->str);
                            break;
                        case REDIS_REPLY_NIL:
                            misses++;
                            break;
                        default:
                            hits++;
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (context->err) {
                fprintf(stderr,"I/O error during LRU test\n");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
        /* Print stats. */
        printf(
            "%lld Gets/sec | Hits: %lld (%.2f%%) | Misses: %lld (%.2f%%)\n",
            hits+misses,
            hits, (double)hits/(hits+misses)*100,
            misses, (double)misses/(hits+misses)*100);
    }
    exit(0);
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Intrisic latency mode.
 *
 * Measure max latency of a running process that does not result from
 * syscalls. Basically this software should provide an hint about how much
 * time the kernel leaves the process without a chance to run.
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* This is just some computation the compiler can't optimize out.
 * Should run in less than 100-200 microseconds even using very
 * slow hardware. Runs in less than 10 microseconds in modern HW. */
unsigned long compute_something_fast(void) {
    unsigned char s[256], i, j, t;
    int count = 1000, k;
    unsigned long output = 0;

    for (k = 0; k < 256; k++) s[k] = k;

    i = 0;
    j = 0;
    while(count--) {
        i++;
        j = j + s[i];
        t = s[i];
        s[i] = s[j];
        s[j] = t;
        output += s[(s[i]+s[j])&255];
    }
    return output;
}

static void intrinsicLatencyModeStop(int s) {
    UNUSED(s);
    force_cancel_loop = 1;
}

static void intrinsicLatencyMode(void) {
    long long test_end, run_time, max_latency = 0, runs = 0;

    run_time = config.intrinsic_latency_duration*1000000;
    test_end = ustime() + run_time;
    signal(SIGINT, intrinsicLatencyModeStop);

    while(1) {
        long long start, end, latency;

        start = ustime();
        compute_something_fast();
        end = ustime();
        latency = end-start;
        runs++;
        if (latency <= 0) continue;

        /* Reporting */
        if (latency > max_latency) {
            max_latency = latency;
            printf("Max latency so far: %lld microseconds.\n", max_latency);
        }

        double avg_us = (double)run_time/runs;
        double avg_ns = avg_us * 1e3;
        if (force_cancel_loop || end > test_end) {
            printf("\n%lld total runs "
                "(avg latency: "
                "%.4f microseconds / %.2f nanoseconds per run).\n",
                runs, avg_us, avg_ns);
            printf("Worst run took %.0fx longer than the average latency.\n",
                max_latency / avg_us);
            exit(0);
        }
    }
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Program main()
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int firstarg;

    config.hostip = sdsnew("127.0.0.1");
    config.hostport = 6379;
    config.hostsocket = NULL;
    config.repeat = 1;
    config.interval = 0;
    config.dbnum = 0;
    config.interactive = 0;
    config.shutdown = 0;
    config.monitor_mode = 0;
    config.pubsub_mode = 0;
    config.latency_mode = 0;
    config.latency_dist_mode = 0;
    config.latency_history = 0;
    config.lru_test_mode = 0;
    config.lru_test_sample_size = 0;
    config.cluster_mode = 0;
    config.slave_mode = 0;
    config.getrdb_mode = 0;
    config.stat_mode = 0;
    config.scan_mode = 0;
    config.intrinsic_latency_mode = 0;
    config.pattern = NULL;
    config.rdb_filename = NULL;
    config.pipe_mode = 0;
    config.pipe_timeout = REDIS_CLI_DEFAULT_PIPE_TIMEOUT;
    config.bigkeys = 0;
    config.stdinarg = 0;
    config.auth = NULL;
    config.eval = NULL;
    config.eval_ldb = 0;
    config.eval_ldb_end = 0;
    config.eval_ldb_sync = 0;
    config.enable_ldb_on_eval = 0;
    config.last_cmd_type = -1;

    pref.hints = 1;

    spectrum_palette = spectrum_palette_color;
    spectrum_palette_size = spectrum_palette_color_size;

    if (!isatty(fileno(stdout)) && (getenv("FAKETTY") == NULL))
        config.output = OUTPUT_RAW;
    else
        config.output = OUTPUT_STANDARD;
    config.mb_delim = sdsnew("\n");

    firstarg = parseOptions(argc,argv);
    argc -= firstarg;
    argv += firstarg;

    /* Initialize the help and, if possible, use the COMMAND command in order
     * to retrieve missing entries. */
    cliInitHelp();
    cliIntegrateHelp();

    /* Latency mode */
    if (config.latency_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        latencyMode();
    }

    /* Latency distribution mode */
    if (config.latency_dist_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        latencyDistMode();
    }

    /* Slave mode */
    if (config.slave_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        slaveMode();
    }

    /* Get RDB mode. */
    if (config.getrdb_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        getRDB();
    }

    /* Pipe mode */
    if (config.pipe_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        pipeMode();
    }

    /* Find big keys */
    if (config.bigkeys) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        findBigKeys();
    }

    /* Stat mode */
    if (config.stat_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        if (config.interval == 0) config.interval = 1000000;
        statMode();
    }

    /* Scan mode */
    if (config.scan_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        scanMode();
    }

    /* LRU test mode */
    if (config.lru_test_mode) {
        if (cliConnect(0) == REDIS_ERR) exit(1);
        LRUTestMode();
    }

    /* Intrinsic latency mode */
    if (config.intrinsic_latency_mode) intrinsicLatencyMode();

    /* Start interactive mode when no command is provided */
    if (argc == 0 && !config.eval) {
        /* Ignore SIGPIPE in interactive mode to force a reconnect */
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

        /* Note that in repl mode we don't abort on connection error.
         * A new attempt will be performed for every command send. */
        cliConnect(0);
        repl();
    }

    /* Otherwise, we have some arguments to execute */
    if (cliConnect(0) != REDIS_OK) exit(1);
    if (config.eval) {
        return evalMode(argc,argv);
    } else {
        return noninteractive(argc,convertToSds(argc,argv));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


R AND B EXPRESS is an active carrier operating under USDOT Number 606014.
Do you operate R AND B EXPRESS business?
QuickTSI will provide this website/profile as a marketing platform for R AND B EXPRESS. Let potential shippers learn more about R AND B EXPRESS. QuickTSI will publish R AND B EXPRESS. business information here.


Mum wouldn't let me play AFL because it was too rough.
Talent will only get your foot in the door, hard work and a good attitude will determine how far you get.
Winning the double last year with Perth SC. Not until you win championships do you realise how good a feeling it is.
Finding a different sort of love of the game since moving to Perth, creating mates for life.
Control the controllable's. Be relentless and don't let anyone ever tell you you're not good enough.


Is there life after death? If so, where does one go when he dies? To heaven? Hell? Into the void? Into the light? Or to a spiritual world?
This book provides definitive answers to these timeless questions--answers which come from the Supreme Lord Himself. These answers enable one to better understand one's past and present sufferings. They also help one to plan for a truly secure and happy future.
Thousands of years ago in India, the history concerning Ajamila and his near-death experience was related by the great spiritual master Sukadeva Gosvami to his disciple King Pariksit. Their conversation is recorded in the Sixth Canto of the Sanskrit classic Srimad-Bhagavatam. In the 1970's Srila Prabhupada translated this story into English and provided an elaborate commentary on it; he also lectured on it extensively. This book is the outcome of both of those efforts.
In this series, a dramatization of the text is first presented. This is then followed by the narration and commentary. After hearing them, one cannot help marvel over the potency of the holy name of God--and how, by chanting it, one can be saved from future suffering.


text:
Harold Hopkins
Register / Query
News / Twitter
Doctors Diary 29th June 2015: From bomb sights to endoscopes
The popular annual Summer Exhibition at the Royal Society will this week be celebrating the life and achievements of Dr Harold Hopkins, an underappreciated genius of humble origins whose intuitive grasp of physics and mathematics were to have major practical applications in photography and television (the zoom lens) and the music industry (the CD laser disc) while also for good measure revolutionising the practice of surgery in virtually every medical discipline with two visionary (literally) innovations.
Born in 1918, the sixth son of an impoverished Leicester baker, Hopkins spent the war applying his exceptional mathematical gifts to redesigning the optics of bomb sights. This led on to an academic appointment at London's Imperial College and his first major contribution to medicine - prompted, if unusually, by a dinner party conversation with a fellow medical guest who expressed his frustration at being unable to thoroughly scrutinise the lining of the stomach. Hopkins speculated that thousands of glass fibres arranged in parallel should be able both to shine light round corners and transmit the image back upwards to be viewed by the observer. He spent three years on the project that would result in the fibreoptic endoscope with which Doctors now routinely inspect the dark inner recesses of every hollow organ in the body, stomach, small intestine, colon, lung and bladder with implications - both diagnostic and therapeutic - that require no elaboration.
Five years later Hopkins would trump this achievement with another yet more important that would dispense with the need for major surgery for many conditions in favour of the now familiar 'key-hole' operation where surgeons can, with minimal trauma to their patients, remove gall bladders and kidneys, excise tumours of the colon, repair injured joints, collect eggs for in vitro fertilisation and vastly more besides. This technique, the most important development in surgery since the introduction of anaesthesia, is entirely predicated on Hopkins' redesign of the optics of the rigid endoscope through which these procedures are performed, increasing the power of illumination 80-fold - equivalent to a bright, clear, sunny day.
Hopkins' innovative legacy in these several fields is probably unparalleled and might reasonably be thought to merit a statue in Trafalgar Square. But during his lifetime - he died just over twenty years ago - he received no official recognition. He is thus (again literally) a visionary without honour in his own country, an oversight that the recently formed Harold Hopkins Society is seeking to correct.
Click here to view the original article
Tweets by HaroldHHopkins
2013 Harold Hopkins Anniversary Committee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Fraserburgh Harbour
Santa to visit north-east RNLI crew
A north-east lifeboat crew will welcome a special guest tomorrow.
A north-east lifeboat crew will welcome a special guest this Christmas.
Fish firm puts north-east base and equipment up for sale
A major fish processor has put one of its north-east factories up for sale.
Police appeal after thieves break into ship in north-east harbour and steal medication
Police appealing for information after medication was stolen from a ship in a north-east harbour.
Lifeboat crews remove damaged boat from north-east bay
Lifeboat crews were called out to remove a damaged boat from a north-east bay.
Man taken to hospital after falling off mobility scooter at north-east harbour
A man in his 80s was taken to hospital after falling off a mobility scooter near a north-east harbour.
Man rescued after falling into north-east harbour
A man was rescued from a north-east harbour after falling into the water.
Dog owner saved in north-east harbour rescue
A north-east dog owner had to be rescued from a harbour after he went into the water to find his lost pet.
Swimmers brave cold north-east harbour to raise cash for lifeboat
More than £65,000 has been raised by swimmers taking part in a north-east harbour's Boxing Day event.
Man's body found after search of north-east harbour
A body has been found following a search of a north-east harbour.
Searches in north-east harbour after reports of man in water
Emergency services were dispatched to a north-east harbour after receiving reports of a man in the water.
Man killed in north-east harbour incident named
The man who died following an incident at a north-east harbour has been named.
One dead and four in hospital after incident on boat in north-east harbour
A man has died and four others were taken to hospital following an incident at a north-east harbour.
Three men hurt in incident at north-east harbour
Three men have been injured in an incident at a north-east harbour.
Fraserburgh facing the future with bid to devise masterplan for harbour
A firm has been appointed to help modernise and diversify a north-east port.
Workers save man after north-east harbour plunge
A man was rescued after falling off a pier into a North-east harbour.
North-east Boxing Day swimmers raise more than £2,000 for RNLI
North-east swimmers waded into freezing waters to raise funds for the RNLI.
20 jobs could be created at new North-east fish factory after government funding granted
A new fish processing factory is set expected to create 20 jobs.
Man dies at North-east harbour
A man has died at a North-east harbour. Police, coastguard and ambulance teams were called to the harbour at Pennan at around 10.45am this morning. A coastguard spokesman said: "We are assisting with an ambulance service incident. "There is no indication to say the incident is in the water."
Man airlifted to hospital after swimming in North-east harbour
A MAN was airlifted to hospital after getting into difficulty while swimming in a harbour.


9 out of 10 based on 613 ratings. 1,891 user reviews.
Oct 08, 2018Today you and I will quickly take a look at the topic "WAEC Syllabus For Chemistry 2019/2020 | Download Chemistry WAEC Syllabus PDF". This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 2019/2020 WAEC examination have been trooping into our website for WAEC guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for WAEC Chemistry to help them prepare.
Cumberland High School General Chemistry Syllabus Teacher Miele, Robinson, White Phone 658-2600 Room E-mail Hours Daily Text: Chemistry , a Natural Approach – Lab-Aids, 2010 Course Description: Students explore the fundamental principles of chemistry which characterize the properties of matter and how it reacts.