There are some predicting that a rapture is around the corner--2008?
Is the word "rapture" in the Bible? Where do we get a concept of "rapture?" Where is it taught? When was it to occur?
Please answer with Scripture IN CONTEXT!
p.s. I promise not to close out this thread just because you disagree with me!
No, the word rapture is not in the Bible, they refer to it as being "caught up".
1Th 4:13¶But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.1Th 4:14For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him.
1Th 4:17Then we which are alive [and] remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
Sounds to me that this is talking about the first resurrection in Revelation 20.
I don't believe the thousand years is exactly a thousand years. I have read that was the largest number in Hebrew? so it just means a long length of time. Surely He is'nt going to give us the exact time as that would give away when He is coming in judgment, as I believe that has yet to happen, as I nor you have been to the judgment.
Also, we can see that the beast and false prophet are already in the lake of fire, but I do not believe the devil is, yet.
I agree.. we can see that this is talking about an event at the end of time, because it says "and so we shall ever be with the Lord".
As this is talking about "when the Son of Man cometh", and as He has not come yet, and as He will only come again one more time, we can say that these verse also refer to the end of the world and are symbolic of the great and final separation that will occur at that time between the saved and the lost.
I believe it to be a spiritual transition, having to do with the carnal mind being replaced with the mind of Christ (thus the reference of "descending from heaven with a shout") and that the dead in Christ are those who have not been regenerated, if you will.
so do you deny the resurrection of physical bodies?
No, don't deny it - just knowing that He knows how it'll get done and I don't have to worry about it.
My opinion on prophecy is that God has a plan, and He's the one that will carry it out. A lot of bad comes from Christians disagreeing on the small things, and soon it turns into riffs that divide us.
A "Rapture"? A "Revealing"? A "catching away"?
2Cr 12:1 Boasting is necessary, though it is not profitable; but I will go on to visions and revelations of the Lord. I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago--whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know, God knows--such a man was caught up to the third heaven. And I know how such a man--whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows-- was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which a man is not permitted to speak. On behalf of such a man I will boast; but on my own behalf I will not boast, except in regard to weaknesses. For if I do wish to boast I will not be foolish, for I will be speaking the truth; but I refrain, so that no one will credit me with more than he sees me or hears from me. Because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me--to keep me from exalting myself! Concerning this I implored the Lord three times that it might leave me. And He has said to me, "My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness." Most gladly, therefore, I will rather boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may dwell in me.
There's no "when" and no "what" yet! But you just wait and see!! Just hope you recognize it and don't believe the hype.
This passage... by useage of the word "we" ... very clearly demonstrates an expectation that this was to happen while some of the people receiving this letter were still alive. Remember when this letter was written and who it was written to.
The passsage does not read, "There will come a day in the distant future when people will be caught up ...". One person writing a letter to a group of people in their own time and saying "we".
How anyone could reasonably extrapolate this out to a time period 2000 years later is beyond me. For all the spiritual elitism and self-righteousness that futurists like to throw around, futurism is far more unbiblical than preterism.
I am not firmly a preterist ... but there is no denying the biblical validity of the point of view.
The belief that all true Christians will be swept off the Earth together in a "rapture" and will not have to face death.
You must have misunderstood me. I don't like labels but I guess I would be lumped with the partial preterists.
I said I believe this is talking about the first resurrection, which would have already happend since the context is those at that time.
I see no Biblical proof thus far for hyper preterism.


text:
Annenberg Community Beach House
The Annenberg Community Beach House is located on five acres of oceanfront property in Santa Monica. The Beach House is a world-class public beach facility, serving as a popular site for recreation, tourism, and relaxation.
From Private Icon to Public Paradise
Since the 1920s, the Annenberg Community Beach House property has served as a vibrant cultural and artistic hub, in the heart of oceanfront Santa Monica. Originally privately owned, the property was revitalized, following damage incurred during the 1994 Northridge earthquake, with the assistance of the Annenberg Foundation and the leadership of its Chairman, CEO and President Wallis Annenberg. With this revitalization, the property was transformed into a sustainable, accessible, public recreational center complete with a beachside pool, classes, and community events.
In addition to its beautiful public pool, the Beach House offers group activities, including beach volleyball, yoga, and paddle-boarding. The property is also host to countless conferences, weddings, parties, and social events throughout the year. Not only is the Beach House a source of joy and liveliness for families from all over the world, it is also widely recognized for its innovative leadership in sustainability. The property has been recognized with a Gold LEED rating from the U.S. Green Building Council and is constantly making improvements to increase environmental efficiency.
Visit Annenberg Community Beach House
Capital – Construction of Playground Shade Structure & Facility Improvement Fund
Watts Leadership Institute
An initiative of the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, the Watts Leadership Institute (WLI) uses an innovative cohort-based model to develop a...
Associação para Investigação do Meio Marinho - (AIMM)
AIMM is an international organization dedicated to increased research, understanding, and conservation of the world's treasured marine systems and...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Elmer Loveless, Jr.
Elmer Loveless, Jr., firstborn son of the late Elmer and Frankie (Hill) Lovelesss, was born on November 25, 1932 in Wynne, Arkansas, and passed away on January 11, 2013 in Autumn Oaks Caring Center in Mtn. Grove, Missouri, at 80 years of age.
Elmer grew up in Arkansas and was united in marriage to Sarah Cheney on March 27, 1955. Five children were born to this union. Mrs. Loveless passed away on November 29, 2012.
Elmer loved his family very much. His parents and his eight brothers and three sisters were very special to him. He and his brothers knew what it was like to work hard. They started at a young age on a journey of manhood and taking care of others. He along with his brother, Ed, purchased some guitars and learned to play country music, a sound that was handed down to the next generation of Loveless men. Elmer and his brothers, Ed, Mac, Jerry, and David, and his uncle, Austin, played music many places in Illinois. When their band became the Mid Western Playboys, their practice sessions drew the attention of friends and neighbors to hear the velvet voiced singer sing "I Walk The Line," "Ring Of Fire," and "Together Again."
When Elmer sang, there was always a special lady in the crowd. Her name was Sarah, the love of his life. After his family began to grow, Elmer had to make choices and he soon knew his destiny and purpose in life. When he gave his heart to God, he didn't play music for a season until he and his wife, who also gave her life to God, expressed to each other their love for music and the talent God had given them. Sarah sang like a songbird and played the guitar and banjo. They purchased other instruments and the Loveless family began to sing gospel music that touched the hearts of many. People were led to Christ through the hope and life-changing ministry of their singing.
In 1977, Elmer, Sarah, Lora, Gary and Janet moved to Cabool, Missouri. Elmer was employed as a mechanic, an asphalt sealer, and he also farmed.
Elmer enjoyed being outdoors, gardening with Sarah. He also enjoyed the time he spent with his horses, Red Willow and Comet. He often went on trail rides with his brother, Jerry, and they also rode in area parades.
His love of music still beckoned him. He and his youngest son, Gary, started a band and played country music at special events.
His other passion in life was making his wife, Sarah, happy. He would often make funny videos that would make her laugh for years to come. All of his family was special to him. He loved life and knew that life was what you make it.
Elmer always gave encouraging words and extended his hand to those who needed him. He never ignored an elderly person. He would flash them a smile and the love of God would be evident.
Besides his parents and his wife, he was preceded in death by five brothers, Vernon, Johnny, Edward, Mac, and Elbert Loveless, and a sister, Mary Ann.
He is survived by two sons, Larry Loveless and wife Jane of Hillsboro, Missouri, and Gary Loveless of Cabool; three daughters, Lora Hurst and husband Rickey of Mtn. Grove, Missouri, Margaret Stacey and husband Ron of Hillsboro, Missouri, and Janet Thompson and husband Greg of New Zealand; two brothers, Jerry Loveless of Arkansas and David Loveless of Elgin, Illinois; two sisters, Ann Loveless and Emma Cheney, both of Mtn. Grove; sixteen grandchildren; several great-grandchildren; many nieces and nephews; and a host of other relatives and friends who will miss him very much.
Memorial services were held on Saturday, January 19, 2013, at 11:00 a.m. in Victory Tabernacle Church with Jude Talbert officiating.
Arrangements were under the direction of Craig-Hurtt Funeral Home, Mtn. Grove.


There are a few varieties of nassarius snail available in for the saltwater aquarium hobby. These little snails are excellent scavengers and are some of the most entertaining creatures to watch because they have a small, antenna-like siphon that waves in the water. They spend most of their time looking for food, decaying waste and detritus in the sand, but when you feed your aquarium they will all rush to the top of the sand in search of food.
One larger species of nassarius snail is usually refered to as the Super Nassarius or Tongan Nassarius Snail. These larger nassarius snails also help stir the sand to maintain oxygen levels in the sand and to help prevent detritus build up. These aquarium snails have beautiful shells and make excellent scavengers. One nassarius snail is recommended per one to gallons of water.


text:
Governmentwide Grants Management Requirements
AGENCY: Office of Management and Budget.
ACTION: Final Revision of OMB Circulars A-21, A-87, A-102, A-110 and A-122 and Interim Final Revision of OMB Circular A-110.
SUMMARY: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is issuing final revisions to five OMB circulars and, in addition, OMB is issuing interim final amendments to one of these circulars to reflect the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996. The five Circulars are A-21 ("Cost Principles for Educational Institutions"), A-87 ("Cost Principles for State and Local Governments"), A-102 ("Grants and Cooperative Agreements with State and Local Governments"), A-110 ("Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations"), and A-122 ("Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations"). The purpose of these revisions is to provide a conditional exemption from OMB's grants management requirements and a conditional class deviation from the agencies' Grants Management Common Rule for certain Federal grant programs with statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding, that are identified by a Federal agency and approved by the head of the Executive department or establishment. Additionally, OMB is issuing interim final conforming amendments to Circular A-110 to reflect the enactment of the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996, the recent rescission of OMB Circular A-128 ("Audits of State and Local Governments"), and the consolidation of its provisions in a revised OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations."
DATES: The final revisions and interim final amendments are effective [30 days after publication]. All comments on the interim final amendments should be in writing and must be received by [60 days from publication]. Late comments will be considered to the extent practicable.
ADDRESSES: Comments should be mailed to Grants Management Audit Docket, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget, Room 6025 New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503. Electronic mail (E-mail) comments may be submitted via the Internet to kahlow_b@a1.eop.gov. Please include the full body of E-mail comments in the text of the message and not as an attachment. Please include the name, title, organization, postal address, and E-mail address in the text of the message.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara F. Kahlow, Office of Financial Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget, (202) 395-3053. The revised OMB Circulars A-21, A-87, A-102, A-110, and A-122 are available electronically on the OMB Home Page at http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB. These revised Circulars are also available in paper format by contacting the OMB Publications Office at (202) 395-7332.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On May 14, 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) proposed a revision (62 FR 26577) of OMB Circulars A-21, "Cost Principles for Educational Institutions," A-87, "Cost Principles for State and Local Governments," A-102, "Grants and Cooperative Agreements with State and Local Governments," A-110, "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations," and A-122, "Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations." The proposal would provide a conditional exemption from OMB's grants management requirements and a conditional class deviation from the agencies' Grants Management Common Rule (GMCR) for certain Federal grant programs with statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding, that are identified by a Federal agency and approved by the head of the Executive department or establishment.
This exemption could be granted to related Federal non-entitlement grant programs which are administered by State and local governments and which have the following characteristics: the related programs (1) serve a common program purpose, (2) have specific statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding, and (3) are administered by State agencies which are funded mostly by non-Federal sources. In order to promote efficiency in the State and local program administration of such related programs, Federal agencies could exempt these covered State-administered, non-entitlement grant programs from Federal grants management requirements in OMB Circulars A-21, A-87, A-110, and A-122, and the GMCR. The exemptions would be from all but the allocability-of-costs provisions of Circulars A-21 (Section C, subpart 4), A-87 (Attachment A, subsection C.3), and A-122 (Attachment A, subsection A.4), and from all of the administrative requirements provisions of Circular A-110 and the GMCR.
A Federal agency would have the discretion to exempt a Federal grant program from the Federal grants management requirements. A Federal agency shall consult with OMB during its consideration of whether to grant such an exemption.
If a Federal agency exempts a Federal grant program from these requirements, a State would only qualify if it adopts its own written fiscal and administrative requirements for expending and accounting for all funds, which are consistent with the provisions of OMB Circular A-87, and extends such requirements to all subrecipients. These fiscal and administrative requirements must be sufficiently specific to ensure that: funds are used in compliance with all applicable Federal statutory and regulatory provisions, costs are reasonable and necessary for operating these programs, and funds are not to be used for general expenses required to carry out other responsibilities of a State or its subrecipients. If a State does not adopt such fiscal and administrative requirements, then it would continue to be subject to the Federal grants management requirements.
Response to Comments
OMB received eight comment letters: three from Federal agencies, one from a local government, two from universities, one from a non-profit organization, and one from an interest group.
Four of the letters did not address the substance of the proposed revisions. The letter from the local government asked if the proposal had any relationship to the recent revision of OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations," on June 24, 1997 (62 FR 35278); in response to this question, these revisions are not related to that revision of Circular A-133. The letter from the non-profit organization raised concerns about certain other provisions in OMB Circular A-122 which are unrelated to the proposal; OMB will consider these concerns in connection with its review of Circular A-122. A letter from one of the Federal agencies requested an unrelated change to the GMCR and OMB Circular A-110; the issue raised will be considered during OMB's future review of those provisions. A letter from another Federal agency raised concerns about OMB's denial of certain other, unrelated waiver requests from that agency which would have been applicable only to that agency's grant programs.
The other four letters addressed the substance of the proposed revisions. The interest group commenter supported the proposed revisions and recommended that the flexibility afforded to State-administered programs be extended to local-administered programs. This recommendation for flexibility for local-administered programs will be considered during OMB's future review of the five circulars.
The two university commenters objected to the proposal because of its possible effect on those subrecipients, including subcontractors, that are universities. Specifically, the university commenters preferred to be subject only to OMB Circulars A-21 and A-110 (and not also to State grants management requirements) because "We have found that state government does not always do a good job communicating to us what the guidelines are for a given program." The university commenters stated that they are familiar with Circulars A-21 and A-110 and "have systems in place to deal with them." Finally, the Federal agency commenter found the proposal unclear and felt that "the funding agency needs to have not only accountability, but also the consistent accountability afforded by currently imposed Federal cost principles and uniform administrative requirements." The commenter raised a concern about the possible inefficiency of having more than one State grants management system, with one for exempted grant programs (and other State programs), and one for the rest of the Federal grant programs.
OMB would also be concerned if the proposed changes increased burden on State grantees or their subrecipients, as the three commenters apparently believed. However, State grants management requirements instead of Federal grants management requirements currently apply to several previously-exempted Federal programs as well as to State-funded programs which have no Federal funding. In 1981 and 1982, OMB waived the application of Circulars A-21, A-87, A-102, A-110, and A-122 for certain, selective State-administered programs. As a consequence, OMB believes that the addition of programs with shared, statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding with these already-exempted programs would not result in additional burden on subrecipients and would not result in increased inefficiency. Since OMB does not believe that any negative effects on grantees or subrecipients will ensue from the proposed revisions, OMB is finalizing them.
Accordingly, to provide such a conditional exemption, OMB is adopting the proposed revisions and amending: Section A.3 of Circular A-21; Attachment A Section A.3 of Circular A-87; Section 2 of Circular A-102; Subpart C of Circular A-110 (as a new Section __.29 instead of as Section __.45 as proposed); and, Attachment A Section A of Circular A-122. The amendments are set forth below.
Interim Final Conforming Amendments
In addition to adopting the proposed revisions to the five circulars, OMB is also making conforming amendments to Circular A-110 to reflect the enactment of the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (Public Law 104-156, 110 Stat. 1396) and OMB's rescission of Circular A-128 ("Audits of State and Local Governments") and its issuance of the June 24, 1997, revision of OMB Circular A-133 (62 FR 35278, June 30, 1997). The provisions of the 1996 Act and of the revised Circular A-133 apply to audits of fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1996. The revised Circular A-133 co-locates audit requirements for States, local governments, and non-profit organizations. As a consequence, OMB rescinded OMB Circular A-128.
Currently, Circular A-110 refers to the Single Audit Act of 1984 (which was superseded by the 1996 Act), to Circular A-128 (which was rescinded), and to the former version of OMB Circular A-133 (which covered only non-profit organizations, and did not cover State and local governments). These interim final conforming amendments update these references. Additional conforming changes were made to conform with the 1996 Act and revised Circular A-133 (e.g., to reflect that, under the 1996 Act, all non-profit hospitals are now subject to the Act).
OMB has determined, under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), that good cause exists to issue these conforming amendments on an interim final basis. The conforming amendments update the references to the applicable statute and circulars, by replacing the superseded references with current ones. Moreover, under the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996, the provisions of the 1996 Act (which are reflected in the revised OMB Circular A-133) provide standards that are effective for audits of fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1996. Accordingly, OMB has determined that issuing a proposal for comment on these conforming amendments would be "impractical, unnecessary, and contrary to the public interest."
Availability of Revised Circulars
OMB has prepared updated versions of the five circulars, as amended herein. The revised OMB Circulars A-21, A-87, A-102, A-110, and A-122, as amended herein, are available electronically on the OMB Home Page at http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB. These revised Circulars, as amended herein, are also available in paper format by contacting the OMB Publications Office at (202) 395-7332.
Joseph J. Minarik,
Acting Director.
1. OMB hereby amends Circulars A-21, A-87, A-102, A-110, and A-122 by adding the three paragraphs that follow, regarding "Conditional exemptions," at the specified places in each Circular: (1) as a new paragraph d under A.3 Purpose and Scope, Application of Circular A-21; (2) as a new paragraph e under Attachment A, A.3 Purpose and Scope, Application of Circular A-87; (3) as a new paragraph j under Section 2, Post-award Policies of Circular A-102; (4) as a new Section __.29 under Subpart C, Post-award Requirements of Circular A-110; and, (5) as a new paragraph 7 under Attachment A, A. Basic Considerations of Circular A-122:
Conditional exemptions. (1) OMB authorizes conditional exemption from OMB administrative requirements and cost principles circulars for certain Federal programs with statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding, that are identified by a Federal agency and approved by the head of the Executive department or establishment. A Federal agency shall consult with OMB during its consideration of whether to grant such an exemption.
(2) To promote efficiency in State and local program administration, when Federal non-entitlement programs with common purposes have specific statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding and where most of the State agency's resources come from non-Federal sources, Federal agencies may exempt these covered State-administered, non-entitlement grant programs from certain OMB grants management requirements. The exemptions would be from all but the allocability of costs provisions of OMB Circulars A-87 (Attachment A, subsection C.3), "Cost Principles for State, Local, and Indian Tribal Governments," A-21 (Section C, subpart 4), "Cost Principles for Educational Institutions," and A-122 (Attachment A, subsection A.4), "Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations," and from all of the administrative requirements provisions of OMB Circular A-110, "Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations," and the agencies' grants management common rule.
(3) When a Federal agency provides this flexibility, as a prerequisite to a State's exercising this option, a State must adopt its own written fiscal and administrative requirements for expending and accounting for all funds, which are consistent with the provisions of OMB Circular A-87, and extend such policies to all subrecipients. These fiscal and administrative requirements must be sufficiently specific to ensure that: funds are used in compliance with all applicable Federal statutory and regulatory provisions, costs are reasonable and necessary for operating these programs, and funds are not be used for general expenses required to carry out other responsibilities of a State or its subrecipients.
2. OMB hereby amends paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Section __.26 of OMB Circular A-110 to read as follows:
___.26 Non-Federal audits.
(a) Recipients and subrecipients that are institutions of higher education or other non-profit organizations (including hospitals) shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 USC 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations."
(b) State and local governments shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 USC 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, "Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations."
(c) For-profit hospitals not covered by the audit provisions of revised OMB Circular A-133 shall be subject to the audit requirements of the Federal awarding agencies.
Billing Code 3110-P
| OMB Home Page | Budget Information | Legislative Information | Management Reform/GPRA |
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| Information & Regulatory Policy | Special Topics |


text:
Money-saving tips to fill supply gaps
By Rachel Nobel
A recent UFT survey showed that teachers spend an average of $500 of their own money each year purchasing supplies for their students. As a new teacher, you know that it's easily possible to spend two or three times that amount — and with a Teacher's Choice allotment of just $57, you may find that your supply reserve is running low as you approach the spring vacation.
Fortunately, it's possible to fill in the gaps without emptying your own wallet — as long as you know where to look. Here are some of the best money-saving tips from veteran teachers.
Apply for a grant. In each issue of the New York Teacher, the Grants, Awards and Freebies column lists current stipends available to educators — everything from a $24,000 award for teachers seeking to improve their understanding and appreciation of mathematics to the chance to win a wireless lab for your school. Kindergarten teacher Helen Rogosin, whose classroom at PS 110 in Manhattan has benefited from almost 30 grants, advises applicants: "Keep in mind your audience, what your big idea is and how many students will benefit."
The UFT's national affiliate, the American Federation of Teachers, maintains a funding database on its website. You can search by selecting from options in six different categories, including grade level and subject area.
Similarly, the National Education Association, with which the UFT is also affiliated, sponsors its own foundation that offers grants to educators. On its website, click on Grants and Events in the upper right corner and you'll see a list of options.
Got donors? Teachers rave about DonorsChoose.org, an online charity organization that connects teachers hoping to fund a specific project with average citizens looking to donate. "I have received many thousands of dollars of supplies, technology and furniture," says Kathleen Nolan-Kasal, who teaches at PS/IS 266 in Queens. Ruth Agosto-Pritscher, a prekindergarten teacher at PS 84 in Brooklyn, advises sharing your DonorsChoose fundraising link with your students' parents, who will, in turn, pass it on to their own families and friends.
Take advantage of free materials. Numerous organizations recycle or "upcycle" gently used materials. "Materials for the Arts is amazing," says Lisa Beringer Orsini, a teacher at PS 134 in Manhattan. A division of the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs housed in a warehouse in Long Island City, Materials for the Arts distributes free arts supplies to public school teachers.
If it's books you need, Project Cicero is an annual book drive that has distributed more than 2 million books to teachers in New York City public schools with more than 50 percent of students receiving free lunch. Register online at Project Cicero (unfortunately, this year's event has already passed) and show up with a suitcase to collect as many books as you can!
Know where to shop. Many teachers advise loading up on school supplies in the summer, when stores have back-to-school sales and offer discounts to teachers. But besides brick-and-mortar retail shops, "check out church, community or block sales," says Patricia Leonforte Minerva, a teacher at PS 90 in Queens. "Once many people hear you are a teacher, they often give you a lot for less than they were asking for."
Get creative. Inventive teachers have come up with myriad ways of getting and using supplies. "I have gotten pens, notepads and more from parents who work in doctors' offices and ask for donations," says Tracy Shannon, a teacher at Pathways to Graduation HS in Queens. Michael Scherer, a social studies teacher at Franklin Roosevelt HS in Brooklyn, decorates his bulletin boards with pictures from "discounted calendars with [geographical or architectural] themes, to create a historical and geographic aesthetic." Christopher Lettieri, a science teacher at Mott Hall Community School in the Bronx, has created reusable DIY dry erase boards using clear sheet protectors.
There's no substitute for generous funding, but when it comes to making the most out of your supplies, a little resourcefulness goes a long way.
Related Topics: New Teacher Articles
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Is your teaching certificate about to expire?
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Roadmap for traveling the path to tenure
Mentors motivate, advise and support


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              <excludes>**/*.properties,META-INF/*</excludes>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <!-- 1. copy code sources -->
          <execution>
            <id>unpack-example-code-sources</id>
            <phase>initialize</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>unpack</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <artifactItems>
                <artifactItem>
                  <groupId>org.kie</groupId>
                  <artifactId>kie-docs-code</artifactId>
                  <version>${project.version}</version>
                  <classifier>sources</classifier>
                  <type>jar</type>
                  <overWrite>false</overWrite>
                  <!-- number of sub-directories is specific to allow linking to kie-docs/shared/ docbook -->
                  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/code/</outputDirectory>
                  <includes>**/*.java</includes>
                </artifactItem>
              </artifactItems>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

      <!-- 1. copy images from jbpm-docs -->
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>copy-callout-icons</id>
            <phase>initialize</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>copy-resources</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/asciidoc/images/</outputDirectory>
              <resources>
                <resource>
                  <directory>${basedir}/src/main/docbook/en-US/images/</directory>
                </resource>
              </resources>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

      <!-- 2. generate new docbook sources from asciidoc -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
        <artifactId>asciidoctor-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>asciidoc-to-docbook</id>
            <phase>process-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>process-asciidoc</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sourceDirectory>src/main/asciidoc</sourceDirectory>
              <outputDirectory>src/main/docbook/en-US</outputDirectory>
              <preserveDirectories>true</preserveDirectories>
              <backend>docbook5</backend>
              <doctype>chapter</doctype>
              <sourceHighlighter>highlightjs</sourceHighlighter>
              <compact>true</compact>
              <attributes>
                <chapter/>
                <docinfo/>
                <nolang/>
                <icons>font</icons>
                <codeDir>${project.build.directory}/code</codeDir>
              </attributes>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

      <!-- 3. fix generated docbook xml -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>xml-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>fix-docbook-chapters-and-sections</id>
            <phase>process-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>transform</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <transformationSets>
                <!-- chapters -->
                <transformationSet>
                  <dir>src/main/docbook/en-US</dir>
                  <outputDir>src/main/docbook/en-US</outputDir>
                  <includes>
                    <include>*-chapter.xml</include>
                  </includes>
                  <stylesheet>src/main/resources/xslt/fixChapters.xslt</stylesheet>
                </transformationSet>
                <!-- sections -->
                <transformationSet>
                  <dir>src/main/docbook/en-US</dir>
                  <outputDir>src/main/docbook/en-US</outputDir>
                  <includes>
                    <include>**/*-section.xml</include>
                  </includes>
                  <stylesheet>src/main/resources/xslt/fixSections.xslt</stylesheet>
                </transformationSet>
                <!-- unique callout xml:id
                <transformationSet>
                  <dir>src/main/docbook/en-US</dir>
                  <outputDir>src/main/docbook/en-US</outputDir>
                  <includes>
                    <include>**/*-section.xml</include>>
                  </includes>
                  <stylesheet>src/main/resources/xslt/unique-callout-xml-id.xslt</stylesheet>
                </transformationSet>
                <transformationSet>
                  <dir>src/main/docbook/en-US</dir>
                  <outputDir>src/main/docbook/en-US</outputDir>
                  <includes>
                    <include>**/*-section.xml</include>
                  </includes>
                  <stylesheet>src/main/resources/xslt/unique-callout-arearefs.xslt</stylesheet>
                </transformationSet>
                -->
              </transformationSets>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

      <!-- There are problems with the unique-ness of generate callout/co elements
           ...So we don't generated the pdf.
      -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.jboss.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jdocbook-plugin</artifactId>
        <extensions>true</extensions>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-generate</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>generate</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.pressgang</groupId>
            <artifactId>pressgang-xslt-ns</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.pressgang</groupId>
            <artifactId>pressgang-jdocbook-style</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.2</version>
            <type>jdocbook-style</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <configuration>
          <sourceDocumentName>master.xml</sourceDocumentName>
          <masterTranslation>en-US</masterTranslation>
          <imageResource>
            <directory>${basedir}/src/main/docbook/en-US</directory>
            <includes>
              <include>images/</include>
            </includes>
          </imageResource>
          <formats>
            <format>
              <formatName>html_single</formatName>
              <stylesheetResource>classpath:/xslt/org/jboss/pressgang/xhtml-single.xsl</stylesheetResource>
              <finalName>index.html</finalName>
            </format>
            <format>
              <formatName>html</formatName>
              <stylesheetResource>classpath:/xslt/org/jboss/pressgang/xhtml.xsl</stylesheetResource>
              <finalName>index.html</finalName>
            </format>
          </formats>
          <injections>
            <injection>
              <name>project.version</name>
              <value>${project.version}</value>
            </injection>
          </injections>
          <options>
            <xmlTransformerType>saxon</xmlTransformerType>
            <xincludeSupported>true</xincludeSupported>
            <useRelativeImageUris>true</useRelativeImageUris>
          </options>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Freshest Kids: A History of the B-Boy jest filmem dokumentalnym z 2002 roku. Opisuje kulturę związaną z b-boyingiem od czasów jej powstania w latach 70.

Linki zewnętrzne

 Opis na Allmovie
 Oficjalna strona filmu

Hip-hop
Amerykańskie filmy dokumentalne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Worship with us at Worship 8:30 and 11:00am.
Christian education for all ages begins at 9:30am.
Parking is available in front of cemetery and across the street by Newell Elementary School.
Take Exit 7A. Go east on I-195 toward Shore Points. Take Exit 7 (it'll be the first exit you come to) for Rt. 526 Allentown/Washington. At the end of the exit ramp, bear right into Allentown. Turn right at the stop sign onto Main Street. Go past the Old Mill and the lake and turn left onto High Street (Rt. 539 S.). The church is on your left, and the parking lot is right across the street from the sanctuary.
If coming from the west (Trenton) take I-195 to Exit 7 and follow the directions above.
Take Exit 8, Allentown/Hightstown, and turn left onto Rt. 539/524. This becomes Main Street in Allentown. Go straight through town, past the Old Mill and the lake and turn left onto High Street (Rt. 539 S.).
Take Rt. 539 N straight into Allentown. The church will be on your right as you pass the elementary and high schools before you reach Main Street.
Take the Allentown exit (Rt. 524) in Yardville. At the stop sign turn left. Go about 6 miles into Allentown and look for Rt. 539 S (High Street). Turn right and the church is on the left.
Take Rt. 526 directly into Allentown and follow the above directions.


text:
New Zealand premiere, 25th December 2010, Documentary Channel
Broadcast on Viasat Nature throughout Scandinavia in 2010/2011
Official Selection Lake Havasu International Film Festival, April 2008 (Lake Havasu City, Arizona, USA)
Official Selection at the 35th Athens International Film + Video Festival, April 2008 (Athens, Ohio, USA)
Official Selection Mid Ulster Film Festival, May 2008 (An Creagán, Northern Ireland, UK)
Official Selection Twin Rivers Media Festival, May 2008 (Asheville, North Carolina, USA)
Finalist in the categories Independent and Newcomer at the 31st International Wildlife Film Festival, May 2008 (Missoula, Montana, USA)
Official Selection Swansea Bay Film Festival, June 2008 (Swansea, Wales, UK)
Official Selection The Heart of England International Film Festival, June 2008 (Tamworth, England, UK)
Official Selection ECOFILMS - Rhodes International Films + Visual Arts Festival, June 2008 (Rhodes, Greece)
Official Selection Parnu International Documentary and Anthropology Film Festival, July 2008 (Parnu, Estonia)
Official Selection Forecastle Festival, July 2008 (Louisville, Kentucky, USA)
Official Selection Deep Fried Film Festival, August 2008 (Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, Scotland)
Official Selection Washougal International Film Festival, August 2008 (Washougal, Washington, USA)
Official Selection Green Screen International Nature Film Festival, September 2008 (Eckernforde, Germany)
Finalist in the category Man and Nature at Matsalu International Nature Film Festival, September 2008 (Laanemaa, Estonia)
Official Selection Wildwood By The Sea Film Festival, September 2008 (Wildwood, New Jersey, USA)
Official Selection Montana Cine International Film Festival, October 2008 (Missoula, Montana, USA)
Official Selection BendFilm Festival, October 2008 (Bend, Oregon, USA)
Finalist in the category Environment and Ecology at the International Film Festival South Africa, October 2008 (Dargle, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa)
Official Selection at the 35th International Festival of Sustainable Development Films - Ekotopfilm, October 2008 (Bratislava, Slovakia)
Official Selection International Ornithological Film Festival, October 2008 (Menigoute, France)
Finalist in the category Best Documentary Short at Radar Hamburg International Independent Film Festival, November 2008 (Hamburg, Germany)
Official Selection International Mountain & Adventure Film Festival Graz, November 2008 (Graz, Austria)
Official Selection Red Rock Film Festival, November 2008 (St. George, Utah, USA)
Official Selection Wildlife Vaasa International Nature Film Festival, November 2008 (Vaasa, Finland)
Official Selection Myrtle Beach International Film Festival, December 2008 (Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA)
Official Selection Wild & Scenic Environmental Film Festival, January 2009 (Nevada City, California, USA)
Official Selection Frozen River Film Festival, January 2009 (Winona, Minnesota, USA)
Official Selection Canada International Film Festival, February 2009 (Vancouver, Canada)
Official Selection Macon Film and Video Festival, February 2009 (Macon, Georgia, USA)
Official Selection Omaha Film Festival, February 2009 (Omaha, Nebraska, USA)
Finalist in the categories 'Best New Zealand Short Documentary' and 'Best Emerging New Zealand Filmmaker' at DOCNZ International Documentary Film Festival, February 2009 (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch & Dunedin, New Zealand)
Official Selection Tallahassee Film Festival, April 2009 (Tallahassee, Florida, USA)
Official Selection White Sands International Film Festival, April 2009 (Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA)
Finalist in the category 'Best Documentary Feature' at Fallbrook Film Festival, April 2009 (Fallbrook, California, USA)
Official Selection WildSouth International Film Festival, April 2009 (Wanaka, New Zealand)
Finalist in the category 'Best Feature Documentary Film' at Festival Internacional de Cine Ecológico y de la Naturaleza de Canarias, May 2009 (Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain)
Finalist in the categories 'Best Feature Film' and 'Best New Zealand Film' at Reel Earth - Aotearoa Environmental Film Festival, May 2009 (Palmerston North, New Zealand)
Official Selection Hoboken International Film Festival, June 2009 (Hoboken, New Jersey, USA)
Official Selection Lighthouse International Film Festival, June 2009 (Long Beach Island, New Jersey, USA)
Official Selection Long Island International Film Expo, July 2009 (Bellmore, New York, USA)
Official Selection China International Animal and Nature Film Festival, August 2009 (Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China)
Finalist in the category 'Best Nature Film or Documentary' at Lessinia Film Festival, August 2009 (Bosco Chiesanuova, Italy)
Official Selection Landlocked Film Festival, August 2009 (Iowa City, Iowa, USA)
Official Selection Southern Winds Film Festival, September 2009 (Shawnee, Oklahoma, USA)
Official Selection TriMedia Film Festival, September 2009 (Fort Collins, Colorado, USA)
Official Selection Napa Sonoma Wine Country Film Festival, September 2009 (Sonoma, California, USA)
Official Selection Norwich Film Festival, September 2009 (Norwich, UK)
Official Selection Port Townsend Film Festival, September 2009 (Port Townsend, Washington, USA)
Official Selection Tacoma Film Festival, October 2009 (Tacoma, Washington, USA)
Finalist at Cine Eco - International Environmental Film and Video Festival, October 2009 (Seia, Portugal)
Official Selection Yosemite International Film Festival, October 2009 (Yosemite National Park, California, USA)
Official Selection American Conservation Film Festival (ACFF), November 2009 (Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA)
Official Selection Rivers' Edge International Film Festival, November 2009 (Paducah, Kentucky, USA)
Official Selection The Wild Rose Independent Film Festival, November 2009 (Des Moines, Iowa, USA)
Nominated in the category 'Special Jury Award' at the International "Gold Panda" Awards for Documentary - Sichuan TV Festival (SCTVF), November 2009 (Chengdu, Sichuan, China)
Official Selection Levante International Film Festival, November 2009 (Bari Puglia, Italy)
Finalist at Guangzhou International Documentary Film Festival, November 2009 (Guangzhou, China)
Finalist at Kathmandu International Mountain Film Festival, December 2009 (Kathmandu, Nepal)
Official Selection ReFrame Peterborough International Film Festival, January 2010 (Peterborough, Ontario, Canada)
Finalist at Beloit International Film Festival, February 2010 (Beloit, Wisconsin, USA)
Official Selection Fri Cine Socioambiental - Nova Friburgo International Environmental Film Festival, Date TBA (Nova Friburgo - Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil)


text:
The Big Sean diet: Chipotle every day
By Bryan Hood
Big Sean FilmMagic
The only thing Big Sean likes more than not f—–g with Naya Rivera: Chipotle.
While manning GQ's Twitter account at the BET Awards on Sunday, the Detroit rapper shockingly revealed that he eats Chipotle every day.
Every. Day.
"I eat Chipotle every day," he's quoted as saying. "It keeps me fueled."
"I eat Chipotle every day. It keeps me fueled" — @BigSean #BETAwards pic.twitter.com/pAlF0JA8nw
— GQ Magazine (@GQMagazine) June 28, 2015
The "I Don't F—k With You" emcee, 27, who fondly remembers the day he first ate Chipotle in 2007 while working on Kanye West's "Graduation" album, opened up about his go-to order in a brief Q&A with the magazine, just days after the bombshell admission.
"My go-to Chipotle order is the salad bowl with extra rice and either chicken or barbacoa depending on what I had the last time and no guac for me," he told GQ. "I don't really like avocado."
Sean, who will occasionally shake things up by ordering a taco or the famed quesarito, loves the Mexican chain's food so much, he finds himself missing it even while visiting the world's most exotic locales while on tour.
"When I'm overseas touring in other countries and I can't have it, I for sure miss it a lot," he said.
The rapper also claimed that despite his slight frame, he finishes the entire order every time. How is he able to keep the weight off after eating so much of the company's high-calorie fare? By performing, of course.
"I pretty much finish it every time," he declared. "I'm touring right now so I perform every night so that's how I stay fit. I never save it for two meals!"
Warning: Explicit language
Filed under big sean , chipotle mexican grill
Matt Damon is now rockin' a ponytail


text:
Q: What is the difference between local and remote gems? When I tried to install the mysql2 gem (using "sudo gem install mysql2"), I was surprised not to find the gem listed in my "gem list".
After some googling I found out that the mysql2 gem was installed in my remote gems (look them up using "gem query --remote" or with "gem search mysql2 -r") and than I installed them from remote to local using "gem install --remote mysql2".
Now the mysql2 is listed in my gem list.
I am glad I found the solution, however, I don't really understand why the gem installed in remote gems in the first place or what the difference is. Googling did not return a good explanation.
Can someone please explain the difference to me?

A: Remote gems are really just those on the RubyForge or Github servers. Why it wouldn't install is beyond me, but know that there is no such thing as a remote gem, just gems installed on your machine and gems that you can download from a remote server.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What is the proper way of applying augmentations consecutively in Tensorflow Object Detection API? I want to augment dataset by rotating 90, 180, and 270 degrees and apply same rotations to the horizontal or vertical flipped version of the image. So, in total, there will be 8 images for a single image (4 from original image rotations, 4 from flipped image rotations).
There is only 90 degree rotation in the API (random_rotation90). So, I suppose this function should be applied consecutively in order to obtain 180 and 270 degrees rotations. What is the proper way of doing this in config file?
data_augmentation_options {
  random_horizontal_flip{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_rotation90{
  }
}

As far as I understand from the preprocessor.py file, above configuration applies augmentations directly to original image, in this case augmentations will not be applied consecutively. So is the following correct configuration for my purpose?
data_augmentation_options {
  random_horizontal_flip{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_horizontal_flip{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_horizontal_flip{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_rotation90{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
}
data_augmentation_options {
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
  random_rotation90{
  }
}

A: No, for each option, data augmentation occurs once, and each option creates an image separately. Therefore, you can not get the rotation you want with multiple rotation options. To do this, you must do this:
random_rotation90 {
keypoint_rot_permutation: 3
keypoint_rot_permutation: 0
keypoint_rot_permutation: 1
keypoint_rot_permutation: 2
probability: 0.5
}


This 40×100 structure is a modular barn with a finished upstairs. Its red painted siding with white trim is aesthetically pleasing, and the evergreen metal roof with skylights and two cupolas are too. A 12×20 porch was built onto the loft access, and roof access was made available above the lean-to.


text:
Home / Dinchina / Hajia Abibata / MASLOC / News / Npp / Trending / Yendi / Fraud Scandal hit MASLOC Dep CEO
Fraud Scandal hit MASLOC Dep CEO
Nankwe Hassan November 23, 2018 0
The Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Microfinance and Small Loans Company, Hajia Abibata Shani is in hot waters following a massive school feeding fraud in the Yendi constituency of the northern region. Some New Patriotic Party women groups in the area are accusing her of deceiving them with fake school feeding appointment letters.
They described her as a desperate person in her quest to contest the upcoming parliamentary primaries of the NPP in the Yendi constituency. This, they believe has caused chaos and disaffection between the women groups and the Municipal Chief Executive of the area. Many of the letters sighted by our news desk has no code, dates and reference numbers. This we believe necessitated the quick withdrawal of the letters from the unsuspecting victims.
One of the affected women in this scam narrarted on North Star Radio in Tamale that, Hajia Abibata Shani invited them to the Yendi Community Center earlier this month and gave them school feeding appointment letters. According to her, the women were group in fours and threes and given the letters. She indicated that, in the letters they received many of them were posted to schools at Nakpali in the Zabzugu district, Saboba, Tatali and the Mion districts of the northern region.
According to her, some of the women were chased away when they reported to their various schools to commence work. She described the situation as embarrassing and humiliating. She disclosed that, on the third day after receiving the letters, they were informed by some people believed to be in the campaign team of Hajia Abibata that, the letters were fake and therefore, they were coming to pick them back. She bemoaned the sadden twist of events.
"They never told us why the letters were fake. They only picked them and went away and since then I haven't made any effort to find out why because, I was at a funeral ceremony" she stated. Mma Salima said in the letter she received, she was posted to the Tatali district. When ask how many of them are victims of this scam, she said "we are many. The community center was full to its capacity."
The victims are however protesting her conduct as a public officer and demand a full investigation into the matter by the police and BNI. They said this criminal and the president must fire her.
Meanwhile, the Ghana School Feeding Secretariat in a letter dated 15th November, 2018 disclaimed the appointment of any person or persons to cook in the northern region. The National Coordinator of the GSFP directed all assemblies in the region to ensure that, those purported to be appointed by the GSFP do not provide any catering services to any of the schools in the northern region without prior notification from the secretariat. Dr Kwame Adu Nsiah hinted that, the GSFP will not be responsible for the payment of these supposed caterers.
It is therefore clear why the letter presented to these women folks were quickly taken back.
Meanwhile, Hajia Abibata is yet to respond to this development. She earlier declined commenting but now declare her intention to respond in due course.
Dinchina Hajia Abibata MASLOC News Npp Trending Yendi
Yendi


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Rob Bell made a return to the Budapest circuit, Hungaroring, this weekend, competing in the fourth round of the 2010 Le Mans Series with JMW Motorsport and driving the team's Aston Martin Vantage GT2 car. A strong sixth place finish for Bell and teammate Darren Turner was a welcome reward for the challenge presented by the 1000km night race in Hungary.
The weekend began with testing and the team were pleased with the pace they were showing, which they carried through to qualifying, matching their best start position of the year. Outqualifying the Porsches and just behind the leading four Ferraris in the team's first year of running the Aston Martin GT2 car was testament to the work that JMW Motorsport and Aston Martin have been putting into the development programme.
Bell's teammate, Turner, started the race and was quickly up to fourth in class. An unscheduled pitstop put the team back down the order early in the race and the drivers were then on the back foot to make up ground for a podium finish. Bell took over the driving seat for his first stint and pushed hard to climb his way back through the field, but with the strength of opposition, particularly in the GT2 class, it was always going to be a tough battle.
Bell said of the race, "Bell said of the race, "It was a bit disappointing to lose so much time at the start and not be able to turn our early weekend form, our reliability and our strong pace in the rest of the race into a stronger finish. But there's plenty of positives to take away and hopefully we can get the result we deserve at the next race weekend.
The Autosport 1000km of Silverstone takes place from 10-12 September.


text:
Posts in Category: NFE2L2
Dengue pathogen (DENV), which includes 4 serotypes (DENV1-4), infects more than
On June 13, 2017	by Elmer Brooks	With	0 Comments	- NFE2L2
Dengue pathogen (DENV), which includes 4 serotypes (DENV1-4), infects more than 400?million people annually. framework reveals the system by which this potent and specific antibody blocks viral contamination. Subject Rabbit Polyclonal to GPR142. Categories Microbiology, Virology & Host Pathogen Conversation; Immunology mosquitoes. Other flaviviruses that are important human pathogens include West Nile computer virus (WNV), yellow fever computer virus, Japanese encephalitis computer virus, and tick-borne encephalitis computer virus. DENV targets susceptible populations residing in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the globe. An MK-2866 estimated 400?million people worldwide are infected with DENV annually, leading to approximately 100?million cases of dengue and 21?000 deaths (Thomas ' Endy, 2011; Bhatt and (2013) showed that DENV2 titres were comparable at both 37 and 28C. This implied that both structural forms are equally infectious to mammalian cells. This indicates there may not be a strong selection pressure for the computer virus to adopt the expanded structure. Cryo-EM reconstruction of Fab 1F4 complexed with DENV1 strain PVP159 when incubated at 4 or 37C resulted in similar maps. Hence, further structural analysis was done using the complex formed at 4C as the viral components and Fab 1F4 were likely to be less mobile, thus allowing us to achieve higher resolution. The E protein shell of the cryo-EM map of the Fab-virus complex was solved to 6?? resolution (Fig?3ACD). At this resolution, we were able to observe densities of the helical ridges (Fig?3C, left) of the E protein transmembrane region. On the other hand, the densities corresponding to the Fab molecules are poorer MK-2866 in resolution (Fig?3D). Resolutions of the Fab variable and constant regions were about 7.7 and 12??, respectively. The difference in resolution between the Fab variable and constant regions suggests high flexibility of the elbow angle between these domains (Fig?3B and D). Physique 3 The cryo-EM structure of Fab 1F4 complexed with DENV1. Cryo-EM map of Fab 1F4 complexed with DENV1 showed 120 copies of Fab (blue) bound to the computer virus surface (cyan). Light triangle signifies an icosahedral asymmetric device and the real amounts represents the … Installing of E proteins and Fab substances in to the cryo-EM thickness map showed the fact that Fab substances bind within an similar method to two from the three specific E proteins (substances A and B) within an asymmetric device (Fig?4A and B). Because the quality from the map didn't permit observation of aspect string densities, interacting residues between Fab and E proteins were determined by watching pairs of C atoms of significantly less than around 8?? in length. The chance of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic connections between the aspect chains of the residues was also taken into account. The footprint from the Fab 1F4 molecule with an E proteins is certainly around 1340??2, which is bigger than that of the Stomach footprint on antigen (900C1000??2) (Davies (Fig?1) and in the AG129 mouse model (Fig?2). As noticed previously (Beltramello mosquito cells at 28C and purified as referred to previously (Kuhn and within an AG129 mouse model. We motivated the framework of DENV1 complexed with Fab 1F4 to an answer of 6 ? through the use of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The framework showed the fact that antibody binds to domain (D) I, as well as the DI-DII hinge area with an envelope proteins monomer. Previous research on HMAb 1F4 got demonstrated it just binds to unchanged pathogen rather than to recombinant envelope (rE) proteins. Evaluation of cryo-EM buildings of pathogen E proteins to rE crystal buildings showed MK-2866 the fact that E proteins in the pathogen got a conserved DI-DII hinge position, whereas the hinge angle in the rE protein is variable highly. As the DI-DII hinge forms area of the HMAb 1F4 epitope, we suggest that HMAb 1F4 is quite sensitive towards the conformation of the area. We also motivated the systems of neutralization of HMAb 1F4 in various cell lines. In Vero cells, the antibody stops pathogen infections at a post-attachment stage, whereas in DC-SIGN-expressing U937 cells, the HMAb can prevent virus attachment also. Using the cryoEM framework of 1F4 complexed with DENV, we discuss the way the antibody could neutralize these guidelines of the pathogen infection. ImpactWe possess identified and characterized an antibody that might MK-2866 be used being a DENV1 therapeutic potentially. The results contribute significantly to vaccine style also. Firstly, by evaluating the HMAb 1F4-DENV1 structure to another potent HMAb 14c10-DENV1 structure, we observed an overlap at the DI-DII hinge, suggesting that this.
MK-2866, Rabbit Polyclonal to GPR142.
mutations in FL correlate with activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and frequently
On June 9, 2017	by Elmer Brooks	With	0 Comments	- NFE2L2
mutations in FL correlate with activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and frequently alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. diagnosis and GW4064 53% at transformation (< .0001). The presence of these mutations at diagnosis correlated with an increased risk of transformation (hazard ratio 3.6; 95% CI, 2.0-6.2; < .0001) and increased risk of death due to lymphoma (median survival of 9.5 years with mutations vs 20.4 years without; = .012). In a multivariate analysis, mutations and high FL international prognostic index were impartial risk factors for transformation and death due to lymphoma. Some mutant Bcl-2 proteins exhibited enhanced antiapoptotic capacity in vitro. Accordingly, mutations can affect antiapoptotic Bcl-2 function, are associated with increased activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, and correlate with an increase of threat of loss of life and change because of lymphoma. Launch Follicular lymphoma (FL) includes a extremely variable clinical training course.1-3 Even though some patients prosper for decades, with limited therapy often, sooner or later Tsc2 30% to 50% of sufferers experience histologic change to a far more intense lymphoma, usually diffuse huge B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).4-11 This change, which is considered to reflect the acquisition of new genetic abnormalities resulting in further genomic instability,12-16 continues to be associated with an unhealthy clinical result generally.17 Retrospective analyses through the prerituximab era have got reported a median success of only one one to two 24 months after change,18,19 although a recently available prospective observational research suggests somewhat better success after change in the rituximab era.20 At the present time, the FL international prognostic index (FLIPI), which integrates patient characteristics at diagnosis, is the platinum standard for predicting FL clinical outcome.21,22 There is, however, considerable desire for identifying characteristics of the FL cells themselves that might also impact prognosis.22,23 The gene is critical for FL pathogenesis.24,25 Originally recognized because of its translocation to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (encodes a protein that inhibits apoptosis.26,27 In particular, Bcl-2 and related antiapoptotic proteins diminish apoptosis by binding and neutralizing activated proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, including the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilizers Bax and Bak, as well as the intracellular stress sensors Bim and Puma that activate Bax and Bak.27-29 Because the locus is activated in B cells, the translocated gene is overexpressed in FL cells25 and enhances their survival.30 Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is highly expressed in germinal center B cells, introduces mutations into the variable and switch regions of B-cell receptor genes during the physiological process of secondary antibody diversification.31 After AID deaminates cytidine to uracil, the resulting uracil-guanine mismatches are replicated to produce a CT transition, a hallmark of AID activity, or removed by uracil DNA glycosylase to produce an abasic site that is recognized by nucleases and error prone polymerases, leading to a variety of other mutations or DNA double-strand breaks.32,33 In addition to its role in antibody diversification, AID is postulated to play a critical role in lymphomagenesis by mutating genes outside the immunoglobulin locus,32,34 including the proto-oncogenes translocations.37,38 Even though AID levels vary substantially among different FLs,34 the implications of this variation have been unclear. At the time was GW4064 cloned, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were observed in human lymphoma cell lines39 and a handful of clinical lymphomas40 compared with normal tissues. Because these variants, like wild-type (WT) mutations do not impact Bcl-2 protein function. Consistent with this possibility, previous studies demonstrated that most mutations in DLBCL had been silent43,44 and acquired no effect on survival.44 More recently, large-scale genomic studies have also identified frequent mutations in FL.16,45 Whether these mutations have a biological impact has been unclear. Our previous studies exhibited that some mutant Bcl-2 proteins found in lymphoma cell GW4064 lines exhibit enhanced affinity for proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and increased the ability to protect from death stimuli.46,47 Accordingly, the present studies were designed to assess the occurrence, nature, and potential clinical importance of.
GW4064, Tsc2
Bispecific antibodies (biAbs) that mediate cytotoxicity by recruiting and activating endogenous
Bispecific antibodies (biAbs) that mediate cytotoxicity by recruiting and activating endogenous immune system cells are an rising class of next-generation antibody therapeutics. biAbs in cancers therapy. tumor cells) and effector cells (T cells, NK cells, and macrophages) in one molecule (3C5). For example, biAbs that recruit and activate T cells through CD3 of the T-cell receptor complex to instruct lysis of CD19-expressing malignant B cells has been an ongoing campaign for two decades (6), but these efforts have been hampered by production challenges regarding quantity, quality, and stability. Newer biAb types, such as BiTE (bi-specific T cell engager) (7) and DART (dual affinity retargeting) (8) overcame these hurdles by reducing both the size and complexity of antibody molecule pairs. Several and studies have exhibited that subnanomolar concentrations of BiTEs and DARTs selectively activate T cells to kill tumor cells (9). Furthermore, current phase I and II clinical trials with the (CD19 CD3) KX2-391 2HCl BiTE blinatumomab have revealed impressive clinical activity at doses several orders of magnitude below those administered in standard mAb therapy (10, 11). In addition to bypassing MHC/peptide acknowledgement, T cells recruited by BiTEs and DARTs do not require prestimulation or costimulation but, rather, are dependent on the presence of biAb-decorated tumor cells for activation. These favorable features of the BiTE and DART types are attributed to their small size (50 kDa), which brings target and effector cells into close proximity to enable cytolytic synapses, and the monovalent engagement of the TCR complex, which prevents systemic activation of effector cells in the lack of focus on cells (9). Although having a variety of forms, identification of cell surface area receptors in conventional biAbs and mAbs is always mediated KX2-391 2HCl by Ig scaffolds. Furthermore to alternative proteins scaffolds (12), a growing variety of peptides, peptidomimetics, and other little substances rival Ig scaffolds regarding both affinity and specificity. This is credited, partly, to improved options for logical design and the capability to generate and display screen large little molecule libraries (13, 14). To equip little substances using the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs, in particular, expanded circulatory effector and half-life features, chemical substance programming strategies have already been created that enable molecularly described covalent docking of monospecific (15, 16) or bispecific (17, 18) little molecules that acknowledge cell surface area receptors to antibody substances with unique chemical substance reactivity. Furthermore to mixing advantageous top features of little mAbs and substances, chemically designed ITSN2 mAbs are financially appealing because they make use of the same antibody build for a practically unlimited variety of specificities, reducing creation costs and shortening preclinical-to-clinical translation situations (19). Right here we introduce the idea of chemically designed biAbs that may recruit and activate T cells and so are compatible with concentrating on any cell surface area receptor that's recognizable by a little molecule. Exploiting advantages of little monovalence and size, the invariable natural component of our concept is definitely a 50-kDa humanized Fab molecule that binds to CD3 and contains a C-terminal Sec residue through which a variable chemical component can be covalently conjugated. Therefore, the producing conjugates are bispecific as they combine two different specificities in one molecule; one for CD3 mediated from the biological component and one for any cell surface receptor mediated from the chemical component. This work builds on our previously launched chemical programming strategy that employs a Sec interface for the generation of molecularly defined antibody-small molecule conjugates in various types KX2-391 2HCl (16, 20). To demonstrate the feasibility and potency of chemically programmed biAbs, we 1st synthesized derivatives of small molecules (supplemental Fig. S1) known to bind with high specificity and affinity to integrin 41 and FOLR1, which are expressed within the tumor cell surface in hematologic and solid malignancies, respectively. Integrin 41 (also known as VLA-4) is definitely a noncovalent heterodimer of two type I membrane proteins, ITGA4 (CD49D) and ITGB1 (CD29), that is selectively indicated in hematopoietic cells (21). It settings lymphocyte trafficking and homing by binding to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and fibronectin (FN1). Furthermore, integrin 41 is definitely KX2-391 2HCl expressed on the surface of malignant B cells, such as in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), where it contributes to cell adhesion-mediated chemotherapy resistance (22). LLP2A is definitely a peptidomimetic that was selected previously from a one-bead-one-compound chemical library for binding to integrin 41 (23). The one-bead-one-compound chemical.
ITSN2, KX2-391 2HCl
Gustducin is a guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins functionally coupled with taste receptors
On May 28, 2017	by Elmer Brooks	With	0 Comments	- NFE2L2
Gustducin is a guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins functionally coupled with taste receptors and thus originally identified in taste cells of the tongue. tongue sections with the same rabbit gustducin antibody. Whereas bad staining was confirmed in the tongue, rigorous materials were constantly stained in the brain. Moreover, immunostaining having a goat gustducin antibody could not demonstrate the materials in the brain tissue. The present study indicates a cross immunoreaction that occurs with the rabbit gustducin antibody in mouse mind samples, suggesting that the conventional bad settings may not be adequate when an immunostaining pattern is to be verified. Keywords: taste bud, immunohistochemistry, peptide neutralization, axonal terminal, polyclonal antibody Intro The guanosine nucleotide-binding protein, gustducin (McLaughlin et al. 1992), was originally recognized in taste cells of the tongue (Wong et al. 1996; Wong et al. 1999), and offers consequently been functionally coupled with taste receptors. Bitter taste receptors and/or gustducin-expressing cells have been recently recognized in cells from airway (Tizzano et al. 2010; Braun et al. 2011; Barham et al. 2013) and digestive tract (Rozengurt 2006; Mazzoni et al. 2003). It has been suggested that gustducin and its coupled bitter taste receptors may be related to defensive functions against microbes, as airway bitter taste receptors can be triggered by quorum-sensing molecules (Sbarbati et al. 2009; Tizzano et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2012; Lee et al. 2014) secreted by gram-negative bacteria (Conway et al. 2002; Frommberger et al. 2003). Recently, taste receptors and gustducin were also recognized in astrocytes or the cell body of neurons in various human brain areas in the mouse (Ren et al. 2009) and rat (Shin et al. 2010; Singh et CC-4047 al. 2011; Dehkordi et al. 2012). It has additionally been reported that gustducin is normally portrayed in the axon terminals from the fishing rod bipolar cells in the mouse, rat and rabbit retina (Kid et al. 2011). Considering that some bitter ligands such as for example CC-4047 quinine (Albuquerque et al. 1981), caffeine, nicotine, morphine, parthenolide (Uematsu, et al. 2002; Rummel et al. 2011) and chloramphenicol (Thea and Barza 1989) can cross brain-blood hurdle, the intracranial presence of bitter taste gustducin or receptors may possess potential biological and pharmacological significance. The grade of immunohistochemical staining depends upon an array of elements generally, such as for example fixative and fixation duration; tissues processing, including freezing and heating; ways of antigen retrieval; the concentration and quality of the principal antibody; as well as the visualization technique utilized (Werner et al. 2000; Emerson et al. 2006; Leonardo and Bussolati 2008; Shi et al. 2008; Fung and Tam 2010). Haga and Yoshie (2010) showed that adjustments in tissue circumstances affected antigen preservation and therefore led to an modified appearance of gustducin-stained flavor cells in rat tongues. The prevailing studies that record on the current presence of flavor receptors and/or gustducin in the mind (Ren et al. 2009; Shin et al. 2010; Singh et al. 2011; Dehkordi et al. 2012) and retina (Boy et al. 2011) had been carried out specifically on frozen areas. Frozen sectioning Rabbit Polyclonal to Collagen alpha1 XVIII. protocols nevertheless, may bring useful shortcomings towards the examples, including degradation, diffusion and autolysis from the protein, aswell as jeopardized morphological features (Shi et al. 2008). These morphological and biochemical modifications to the examples may bring about inconsistent outcomes (Haga and Yoshie 2010). To avoid these specialized shortcomings connected with freezing sectioning, we performed immunofluorescence staining on vibratome-cut areas from mouse brains. Remarkably, we could not really detect gustducin-positive neurons or astrocytes CC-4047 as demonstrated in previous research (Ren et al. 2009; Shin et al. 2010; Singh et al. 2011; Dehkordi et al. 2012). Rather, we found thick materials in the nucleus accumbens and periventricular areas using the trusted and validated rabbit polyclonal antibody against gustducin subunit gustducin, or GNAT3 proteins. Materials & CC-4047 Strategies Pets Nine wild-type man C57BL/6 mice (eight weeks old) through the Jackson Lab (Pub Harbor, Me personally) had been utilized showing gustducin immunoreactivity in the brain and tongue. Six gustducin-knockout mice (Wong CC-4047 et al. 1996) were used as a universal negative control. The procedures and protocols for all animal studies were approved by.
axonal terminal, gustducin McLaughlin et al. 1992), immunohistochemistry, Keywords: taste bud, peptide neutralization, polyclonal antibody Intro The guanosine nucleotide-binding protein, was originally recognized in taste cells of the tongue Wong et al. 1996; Wong et al. 1999)
Modified lipoproteins are immunogenic and perform an integral pathogenic role in
Modified lipoproteins are immunogenic and perform an integral pathogenic role in vascular disease. antibody focus with serum creatinine and albumin excretion price were noticed after getting rid of two sufferers with significant renal impairment (serum creatinine > 5 mg/dl). Likewise, a negative relationship with approximated glomerular filtration price was seen in this subsample of 34 sufferers. Distinctions in IgM antibody concentrations by nephropathy classification weren't supported by the info. To conclude, the predominance of pro-inflammatory IgG oxLDL antibodies is normally associated with life of diabetic nephropathy, and a defensive function of IgM antibodies cannot be demonstrated. bring about the formation of IgM antibodies reactive which phosphorylcholine epitopes distributed to oxLDL, which appear to possess a defensive effect with regards to thee advancement of atherosclerosis.(49) Immunization of both pregnant NZW rabbits and LDLr(?/?) mice with oxLDL resulted immunization from the progeny, which responded with the formation of IgM antibodies and development of IgM-oxLDL IC, which in turn appeared to have a protective effect against the development of atherosclerosis.(38) The protective part of IgM oxLDL antibodies has also been proposed in humans, based on studies reporting a negative correlation between IgM MDA-LDL antibody levels and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).(39) However, it has been reported that IgM antibodies to MDA-LDL correlate with a more rapid progression of carotid disease, as judged by IMT measurements,(41) and a single report on the effects of pneumococcal vaccination in humans failed to demonstrate the induction of circulating IgM antibodies to oxLDL.(50) In conclusion, our observations suggest that IgG oxLDL antibodies involved in LDL-IC formation play a significant pathogenic part in the development of diabetic nephropathy, in concordance with the results of previous studies focusing on the pathogenic part of LDL-IC in type 1 diabetes.(29; 34C36; 51C53) The protecting part of complexed IgM antibodies could not be proven with this study, also agreeing with earlier conflicting data concerning the part of IgM antibodies in humans.(39; 41) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, by a program project grant funded by the National Institutes of Health/NHLBI (PO1-HL55782), and by a grant from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (1-2006-49). The DCCT/EDIC was sponsored through research contracts from the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of PD 0332991 HCl the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH. Footnotes Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service PD 0332991 HCl to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. REFERENCES 1. Steinbrecher UP, Fisher M, Witztum JL, Curtiss LK. Immunogenicity of homologous low density lipoprotein after methylation, ethylation, acetylation, or carbamylation: generation of antibodies specific for derivatized lysine. J. Lipid Res. 1984;25:1109C1116. [PubMed] 2. Virella G, Thorpe S, Alderson NL, Derrick MB, Chassereau C, Rhett JM, Lopes-Virella MF. Definition of the immunogenic forms of modified human LDL recognized by human autoantibodies and by rabbit hyperimmune antibodies. J. Lipid Res. 2004;45:1859C1867. [PubMed] 3. Palinski W, Yla-Herttuala S, Rosenfeld ME, Butler SW, Socher SA, Parthasarathy S, Curtiss LK, Witztum JL. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes generated during oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis. 1990;10:325C335. [PubMed] 4. Steinbrecher UP. Oxidation of human low density lipoprotein results in derivatization of lysine residues of apolipoprotein B by lipid peroxide decomposition products. J. Biol. Chem. 1987;262:3603C3608. [PubMed] 5. Yla-Herttuala S, Palinski W, Butler S, Picard S, Steinberg D, Witztum JL. Rabbit and human atherosclerotic lesions contain IgG that recognizes PD 0332991 HCl epitopes of oxidized LDL. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994;14:32C40. [PubMed] 6. Mironova M, Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF. Isolation and characterization of human antioxidized LDL autoantibodies. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1996;16:222C229. [PubMed] 7. Virella G, Koskinen S, Krings G, Onorato JM, Thorpe SR, Lopes-Virella M. Immunochemical characterization of purified human oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies. Clin. Immunol. 2000;95:135C144. [PubMed] 8. Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF. Lipoprotein autoantibodies: measurement and significance. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 2003;10:499C505. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 9. Virella G, Atchley DH, Koskinen S, Zheng D, TLN2 Lopes-Virella M. Pro-inflammatory and Pro-atherogenic properties of immune system complexes ready with purified human being oxLDL antibodies and human being oxLDL. Clin. Immunol. 2002;105:81C92. [PubMed] 10..
PD 0332991 HCl, TLN2