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text:
Dairy Queen Is Giving Everyone Free Ice Cream Today
Despite what those dour Starks would have you believe, spring is here. You can tell because it's the time of year where Dairy Queen doles out free ice cream to remind you how much you like it after months of subsisting on soup...
By Dustin Nelson
Updated on 3/20/2019 at 4:22 PM
Courtesy of Dairy Queen
Despite what those dour Starks would have you believe, spring is officially here as of Wednesday. You can tell because it's the time of year when Dairy Queen hosts its annual Free Cone Day and doles out free ice cream to remind you how much you like it after months of subsisting on soup.
How to get free ice cream
On Wednesday, March 20, Dairy Queen will throw its annual Free Cone Day celebration, serving up free small vanilla cones all day. You know those soft serve cones, the ones with a more pronounced curl than Johnny Depp in Cry-Baby.
"We love that our tradition of Free Cone Day has become synonymous with the return of warmer weather and bringing people together," said executive vice president of marketing Maria Hokanson. "We know the start of soft-serve season brings joy to our fans and we can't wait to help spread smiles."
The offer is available at any Dairy Queen or DQ Grill & Chill location that is not located in a mall, with a limit of one curly cone per person.
If you can't get to a DQ on Free Cone Day, you can get a deal through the company's mobile app that is nearly as good. From March 21-31, the shops are offering 50-cent small regular or dipped soft serve cones.
If there is not a Dairy Queen near you, Rita's Italian Ice will be handing out free frozen treats as well. Just stop into one of Rita's more than 600 locations, and you will get a free small cup of frozen ice in a flavor of your choosing. Like with the ice cream cones, there is no purchase necessary to get a cool snack.
Otherwise, though it's not all that spring-y, Bruegger's Bagels is giving out free medium cups of Caribou Coffee with any purchase to celebrate the first day of spring.
Even if there is still snow outside near you, it is time to eat ice cream to collectively will spring weather to arrive ASAP.
Sign up here for our daily Thrillist email and subscribe here for our YouTube channel to get your fix of the best in food/drink/fun.
Dustin Nelson is a Senior Writer on the news team at Thrillist. Follow him @dlukenelson.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: 1,000 rows rendered to a table is slow Is there a way to update the screen faster? I am writing 1000 rows to a table, but it seems that electron, webkit or something cannot render fast enough. Once the data is told to write, it takes a few seconds for it to display on the screen.
I am not sure if it is my code or electron/node/webkit that is making it slow. Maybe it is jquery that is slow?
Here is what I am doing:
var tbody = $('#results-table-data>tbody');

for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
    var item = rows[i];
    var row = $('
');
    for (var j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {
        var field = fields[j].name;
        var value = item[field] === null ? '(null)' : item[field];
        row.append('' + value + '	');
    }
    tbody.append(row);
}

A: A nested for loop is not very efficient, but sometimes is necessary. One thing you can do to speed it up a little bit is to cache the lengths and array accessors:
It won't be a huge improvement for 1000 records, but it will help a bit.
 var tbody = $('#results-table-data>tbody');
for (var i = 0, rowsLength = rows.length; i < rowsLength; i++) {
    var item = rows[i];
    var row = $('
');

    for (var j = 0, fieldsLength = fields.length; j < fieldsLength; j++) {
        var field = fields[j].name;
        var value = item[field] === null ? '(null)' : item[field];
        row.append('' + value + '	');
    }
    tbody.append(row);
}

You can see a comparison of the loop times here:
https://jsperf.com/caching-array-length/4

A: Yes, it's normal, you are calling tbody.append() inside the for loop, do it just once (after everything is done and it will be a lot faster).
Just exit the tbody.append(row); from inside the foreach. You can add a new variable called rowsArray = []; and insert everything there.
An example with your code ( I cannot test it since we dont have all your code, but you get the idea ):
var tbody = $('#results-table-data>tbody');
var aRows = [];
var rowsLength = rows.length;

for (var i = 0; i < rowsLength; i++) {
    var item = rows[i];
    var row = $('
');
    for (var j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {
        var field = fields[j].name;
        var value = item[field] === null ? '(null)' : item[field];
        row.append('' + value + '	');
    }
    aRows.push(row);

    if( rowsLength == ( i+1 ) ){
        tbody.append( rowsLength );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gary J. Goodstein is a top-rated attorney selected to Super Lawyers for 2009 - 2019. He works at Alleguez & Newman, LLP, located in Woodland Hills, California, and provides legal services for issues involving Business Litigation and Real Estate: Business and Civil Litigation: Defense to the surrounding community.
Gary Goodstein completed legal studies at Loyola Law School Los Angeles and graduated with the class of 1993. Gary Goodstein passed the bar in 1993.


What's Love Got To Do With It.
Last week I sat down with a new client. He's in his forties. He is educated and successful. He's a guys guy in every sense of the word. He is married. He has three amazing children. He is by his own account doing well in all phases of his life. He even competes in the mother of all endurance competitions, the Ironman. He knows how to lay out a big, intimidating goal and attain it. But there is this one thing that he hasn't quite gotten right and that's his relationship with food which is why we are working together. So I did what I always do in these situations. I got out my white board and I began to explain how the brain is wired, how it gets stuck in old patterns and how it can be rewired. I explained how to put the science to work so we can begin to unravel those stories and beliefs in his head. The first step in a challenge or any change for that matter is to understand, befriend and slowly reorient the internal narrator in our head. My client was probably expecting an explanation of his macros or a list of low calorie snacks. He might have been hoping for a recipe for a Superfood Smoothie. But after almost three decades in health and wellness education, this is the where the secret to all transformation lies.
Dan Harris in his book "10 Percent Happier" wrote about his experience with his own personal narrator. He described it like this, "The voice comes braying in as soon as we open our eyes in the morning and heckles us all day long with an air horn. It's a fever swamp of urges, desires and judgments. It's fixated on the past and the future, to the detriment of the here and now. It's what has us reaching into the fridge when we aren't hungry, losing our temper when we know it's not really in our best interest, and pruning our inboxes when we're ostensibly engaged in conversation with other human beings. Our inner chatter isn't all bad of course. Sometimes it's creative, generous or funny. But if we don't play close attention which very few of us are taught to do –it can be a malevolent puppeteer." No wonder we are tired, stressed and overwhelmed.
The number one reason that people seek me out is for food advice. I have been doing food in some way since I was about 5. Those were the years I was obstinately trying to cook pasta in my room and begging for an Easy Bake Oven. Since then I have moved up a little. I have become known around town as the digestive whisperer. I pretty much can solve almost every digestive dilemma. And almost every adult I know has one. People expect that much. But the whole piece on the brain and the power of your thinking isn't one they necessarily bargain for.
But here's where it gets really interesting. The gut and the brain are directly connected. There is a direct pathway between the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the digestive system. The vagus nerve also directly impacts the digestive system. When this isn't working well people experience more anxiety, mood issues and hormonal disruption. While we all recognize this at some level, everything we've ever done in life, or everything we ever will do depends on the brain. That means everything you are doing now from enjoying your coffee, to listening to music, to feeling the wind on your face depends on your brain. And if the brain's not functioning well, nothing else in the body will function well, period. It's one of those really obvious things that's so obvious maybe that we overlook it. And I can tell you in all the times I perched on the edge of an exam table with crinkly paper underneath me or as an employee of large hospital where we discussed patient outcomes, this was never discussed. But maybe it should be.
So not only is it necessary to rewire your thinking to create change, it's also required if you want to lose weight or improve how you feel physically. Your brain is directly tied to your digestion and consequently all the vital components of your emotional and mental well being: neurons, peptides, neurotransmitters and hormones. And doesn't it make you think about how food can make you happy but also protect you from things like the deterioration of your brain cells?
This is where the Reluctant Woo Woo Person in me meets the Nerdy Science Person in me and together we do a happy, awkward dance thingy.
What I explained to my smart, successful client is that the war that is being waged in his head is not sustainable. It's as responsible for weight gain as the food on his plate. Chronic stress and chronic personal flogging work themselves out like this: you have decreased activity in the brain, and that decreases the activation of the vagal motor nuclei, which in turns suppresses the intestinal immune system and decreases intestinal blood flow. This means increased growth in pathogenic yeast and bacteria, that cause intestinal permeability or leaky gut. Leaky gut creates a state of chronic low level inflammation. Then the inflammatory cytokines produced in the gut travel through the blood and they cross the blood-brain barrier. One of the problems with inflammation is that it makes the blood-brain barrier leaky so you get leaky brain. And then those inflammatory cytokines once they get into the brain activate the microglial cells. The microglial cells are the immune cells of the brain and once they're activated by these inflammatory cytokines this is basically inflammation of the brain. So your brain gets inflamed, you get a leaky brain and then you get inflamed brain.
And that's no fun, definitely. Definitely. No fun.
So it all begins with rewiring the mind to be at more peace with itself. War with yourself cannot last. The voice that tells you that you are no good must be softened and toned down. It starts with being curious. It's met with acceptance, because as long as there is a rejecting of self, there cannot be peace. And the antidote to the disharmony is love. My client raised his eyebrows at me and asked me if I was asking him to love what he found unlovable about himself? And I said yes. I know that's hard because I struggle with it myself. The love we so easily direct at others must be poured into our own wounds so the story and the voice lose their power.
My client emailed me on day one and said he had a break through. He got up with a commitment to tame the negative and destructive monologue. He anchored himself in with a new morning routine. When an old memory came up, he recognized the voice of judgment, shame and blame. He looked at it with curiosity. He looked at himself with love and acceptance. He voiced the acceptance and love. And the voice went away.
What's love got to do with it? Every freaking thing.
If this was helpful to you, please share it. If you are tired of the diets and being at war with food, let's chat. Send me an email at marybrookshealthcoach@gmail.com. In the meantime, stay connected. On Instagram I am @mmbfoodie. On Facebook, I am Sustainable Nutrition, Mary Brooks.
Posted on December 6, 2016 by Mary Brooks and tagged Nutrition Charlotte Health Coach Gut Health Digestion Wellness Autoimmunity.
DISCLAIMER: OF HEALTH-RELATED SERVICES: The information provided in my programs and services is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment that can be provided by your own Medical Doctor. I, Mary Brooks, am not holding myself out to be a Medical Provider (including doctor/physician, nurse, physician's assistant or any other health professional), Mental Health Provider, registered dietician or licensed nutritionist. Understand that Mary Brooks is not providing healthcare, medical or nutritional treatment therapies and I do not diagnose, treat or cure in any manner any disease, condition or ailment of the body .Rather, I serve as a trainer, educator, coach, mentor and guide who provides training, education, support, resources, guidance and information.


text:
Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system
Xiaoyan Sun, Tomoko Tashiro, Shunsaku Hirai, Haruyasu Yamaguchi
Elucidation of the normal metabolic pathways of amyloid β protein precursor (AβPP) is one of the important fields in the study of Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that the endosomal-lysosomal pathway may play a key role in the metabolism ofAβPP. We prepared different subcellular fractions from rat brain using a discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. The lysosome-enriched fraction was identified morphologically and biochemically. Various antibodies against the C-terminus ofAβPP were employed to detect specific fragments of AβPP in different subcellular fractions by western blot. The bands of APPP fragments with apparent molecular weight of 5.8 kDa, possibly containing the whole cytoplasmic domain of AβPP, were present specifically in the lysosome-enriched fraction. The 5.8 kDa fragments were increased and full-length APPP was decreased during incubation of the lysosome-enriched fraction in acidic buffer. The results provided direct evidence for the degradation of AβPP in the lysosomal system. Our data indicate that the digestion of AβPP into these small peptides might be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Amyloid
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
Lysosomes
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Amyloid β protein
Amyloid β protein precursor
Lysosomal pathway
Subcellular fraction
Sun, X., Tashiro, T., Hirai, S., & Yamaguchi, H. (1994). Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system. Amyloid, 1(2), 100-106. https://doi.org/10.3109/13506129409148632
Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system. / Sun, Xiaoyan; Tashiro, Tomoko; Hirai, Shunsaku; Yamaguchi, Haruyasu.
In: Amyloid, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1994, p. 100-106.
Sun, X, Tashiro, T, Hirai, S & Yamaguchi, H 1994, 'Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system', Amyloid, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 100-106. https://doi.org/10.3109/13506129409148632
Sun X, Tashiro T, Hirai S, Yamaguchi H. Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system. Amyloid. 1994;1(2):100-106. https://doi.org/10.3109/13506129409148632
Sun, Xiaoyan ; Tashiro, Tomoko ; Hirai, Shunsaku ; Yamaguchi, Haruyasu. / Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system. In: Amyloid. 1994 ; Vol. 1, No. 2. pp. 100-106.
@article{6eb907003ea84755a4dc0d906ea92381,
title = "Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system",
abstract = "Elucidation of the normal metabolic pathways of amyloid β protein precursor (AβPP) is one of the important fields in the study of Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that the endosomal-lysosomal pathway may play a key role in the metabolism ofAβPP. We prepared different subcellular fractions from rat brain using a discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. The lysosome-enriched fraction was identified morphologically and biochemically. Various antibodies against the C-terminus ofAβPP were employed to detect specific fragments of AβPP in different subcellular fractions by western blot. The bands of APPP fragments with apparent molecular weight of 5.8 kDa, possibly containing the whole cytoplasmic domain of AβPP, were present specifically in the lysosome-enriched fraction. The 5.8 kDa fragments were increased and full-length APPP was decreased during incubation of the lysosome-enriched fraction in acidic buffer. The results provided direct evidence for the degradation of AβPP in the lysosomal system. Our data indicate that the digestion of AβPP into these small peptides might be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid β protein, Amyloid β protein precursor, Lysosomal pathway, Subcellular fraction",
author = "Xiaoyan Sun and Tomoko Tashiro and Shunsaku Hirai and Haruyasu Yamaguchi",
journal = "Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis",
T1 - Identification of 5.8 kda c-terminal fragments of alzheimer amyloid p protein precursor generated in the lysosomal system
AU - Sun, Xiaoyan
AU - Tashiro, Tomoko
AU - Hirai, Shunsaku
AU - Yamaguchi, Haruyasu
N2 - Elucidation of the normal metabolic pathways of amyloid β protein precursor (AβPP) is one of the important fields in the study of Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that the endosomal-lysosomal pathway may play a key role in the metabolism ofAβPP. We prepared different subcellular fractions from rat brain using a discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. The lysosome-enriched fraction was identified morphologically and biochemically. Various antibodies against the C-terminus ofAβPP were employed to detect specific fragments of AβPP in different subcellular fractions by western blot. The bands of APPP fragments with apparent molecular weight of 5.8 kDa, possibly containing the whole cytoplasmic domain of AβPP, were present specifically in the lysosome-enriched fraction. The 5.8 kDa fragments were increased and full-length APPP was decreased during incubation of the lysosome-enriched fraction in acidic buffer. The results provided direct evidence for the degradation of AβPP in the lysosomal system. Our data indicate that the digestion of AβPP into these small peptides might be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
AB - Elucidation of the normal metabolic pathways of amyloid β protein precursor (AβPP) is one of the important fields in the study of Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that the endosomal-lysosomal pathway may play a key role in the metabolism ofAβPP. We prepared different subcellular fractions from rat brain using a discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. The lysosome-enriched fraction was identified morphologically and biochemically. Various antibodies against the C-terminus ofAβPP were employed to detect specific fragments of AβPP in different subcellular fractions by western blot. The bands of APPP fragments with apparent molecular weight of 5.8 kDa, possibly containing the whole cytoplasmic domain of AβPP, were present specifically in the lysosome-enriched fraction. The 5.8 kDa fragments were increased and full-length APPP was decreased during incubation of the lysosome-enriched fraction in acidic buffer. The results provided direct evidence for the degradation of AβPP in the lysosomal system. Our data indicate that the digestion of AβPP into these small peptides might be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
KW - Amyloid β protein
KW - Amyloid β protein precursor
KW - Lysosomal pathway
KW - Subcellular fraction
JO - Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis
JF - Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis


text:
Frank Tipler Says Physics Proves Christianity June 11, 2007 Guest Contributor
Frank Tipler Says Physics Proves Christianity
Frank Tipler makes a startling statement in his book The Physics of Christanity:
I have a salary at Tulane… some 40 percent lower than the average for a full professor at Tulane as a consequence of my belief."
He's referring to his belief in God, which he says he does not share with his colleagues.
And I'm not sure how university salaries work… but I thought you got paid by how credentialed you were, and how many published papers you wrote, and so on.
In any case, sounds like Tipler's statement needs some backing up, but we don't get that in Bryan Appleyard's review of the book.
You get get much out of the book itself, either. Atheists without much scientific knowledge may have a problem with the following passage from Chapter 1 of the book (emphasis mine):
Contrary to what many physicists have claimed in the popular press, we have had a Theory of Everything for about thirty years. Most physicists dislike this Theory of Everything because it requires the universe to begin in a singularity. That is, they dislike it because the theory is consistent only if God exists, and most contemporary scientists are atheists. They don't want God to exist, and if keeping God out of science requires rejecting physical laws, well, so be it.
There are some atheists who wouldn't want God to exist because they see God as a malevolent being. But on the whole, if there was someone who could actually answer prayers and give you real hope, what atheist wouldn't want God to exist? It's a horrible, inaccurate statement to make. And it's just a moot point.
You can ask an atheist a similar question: Why don't you want to believe in Heaven? And the truth is I would love to believe in Heaven. I just don't see any evidence that Heaven actually exists. It's not a question of "wanting" it to exist.
Tipler get even better at the end of the first chapter:
Christians claim that Jesus will come again, at the end of human history. Two developments in physics suggest that human history will end in about fifty years: computer experts predict that computers will exceed human intelligence within fifty years, and the de-materialization mechanism can be used to make weapons that are to atomic bombs as atomic bombs are to spitballs. Such weapons and super-human computers would make human survival unlikely, and in his discussion of the Second Coming, Jesus said he would return when human would face a "Great Tribulation" of such magnitude that we would not survive without his direct intervention. We will face such a Great Tribulation within fifty years.
He says the world is going to end in 50 years. Which many Christians have been saying for the past… oh… more than 50 years. And they've always been wrong.
You can read that whole first chapter by going here, by the way.
Appleyard mentions a few other nuggets we get from the book, including the idea that miracles "happen through known physical processes." Do we have any examples? Here's one:
Walking on water is accomplished through a particle beam and dematerialization through the multiple universe model implied by quantum theory.
I put that through Google Translate and came up empty.
Still, I'm sure someone with more background in Physics (or just a better background in science) could rip Tipler's book a new one within minutes.
I am surprised by Appleyard's last paragraph:
I doubt this book will make many converts. Believers will continue to believe, perhaps with a little more confidence, and skeptics will continue to doubt, perhaps with a little less. But Tipler should not be ignored by anybody. His great virtue is that he dramatizes the possibility that there is a deep and so far unknown connection between our faiths, our intuitions and our knowledge. He is due, at the very least, for a salary review.
Just from the first chapter alone, I have no idea what Tipler's actually contributing to the field, in which case, the salary review would seem unnecessary.
(Thanks to Diana for the link!)
[tags]atheist, atheism, Frank Tipler, The Physics of Christanity, Tulane, God, Bryan Appleyard, Theory of Everything, Heaven, Jesus, Great Tribulation, Christian[/tags]
I Sold My Soul On eBay Reviews from Christians
June 11, 2007 Doppelgängers?
""White light", no dog whistle there, no siree."
"Jojo asks "when did Jesus ever advocate violence?" I would point him to Matthew 22:36 ..."
"How about Windows Vista? That was the worst version I've ever used. To this day, ..."
Akira625
"If any of the Trumpies I know had taken part in that shitshow, I'd have ..."
Joan D'Ork (Gonzoline)
olvlzl, no ism, no ist
They don't want God to exist, and if keeping God out of science requires rejecting physical laws, well, so be it.
Talking about God has no place in science, though if scientists want to talk about God and even to make claims about their religious conclusions flowing from science there isn't anything wrong with them doing so, outside of Science and especially publicly funded science classrooms.
There are some atheists who wouldn't want God to exist because they see God as a malevolent being. But on the whole, if there was someone who could actually answer prayers and give you real hope, what atheist wouldn't want God to exist?
I'm sure that Hitchens would hate to think there was anything higher than he was. It would also mean some quick job searches for a number too, including one kind of washed up novelist I can think of. Actually, I've known some atheists who would probably feel it was better to rule over a tiny cult of admirers in the prelude to dust than to have hope in a God.
This reminds me of the Dickinson poem, "I taste a licquor never brewed". You can look it up if that arouses your curiosity. There are two versions, I can't remember which one contains the relevant line.
Really good post.
I love the line: "I put that through Google Translate and came up empty. "
I will have to plagiarise it.
Chris Hallquist
I knew Tippler had some odd ideas, but I didn't know he know he had descended to this level of raving fundeism (Hmmm… new word. I like it).
This is going on my list of weird shit to read. I'm curious about his God = theory of everything claim. I suspect its "we can explain everything if we say 'God did it, why he did it… who cares.'" That would be funny.
dpoyesac
I always assumed that Tipler was like Michael Behe — second-rate junior faculty at a second-rate school, blissfully ignorant of the complexities of the subject matter they were misusing.
I had no idea that Tipler was a full-on crazy person.
Sometimes I try to convince my fellow atheists that theists aren't necessarily irrational or deluded, that sometimes they are perfectly reasonable people who have come up with thoughtful — but wrong — answers to important questions. Tipler's claim that dematerialization rays are responsible for Jesus walking on water doesn't help my case.
I saw Tipler "debate" Lawrence Krauss at Caltech a couple weeks ago. The man can only be described as a crackpot. When he concluded his initial statement with the prediction about Jesus returning in 50 years and the world being populated by cyborgs, I turned to the guy next to me and said, "He's been watching too much Battlestar Galactica!"
It was surreal. I actually felt kinda sorry for the man. He's obviously a bright guy, but a screw has come loose somewhere.
The only redeeming feature of the afternoon was getting to hear Krauss talk about real physics, and that was incredibly fun. He seems to be a great guy, and a wonderful teacher. And he – and everyone at the Skeptics Society for that matter – went out of their way to be polite and respectful to Tipler, no matter how nutty he got.
mollishka
No. Just, no.
Shroud of Turin? Please. That one got disproved by carbon dating ages ago. Not to mention the fact that we don't know that the universe will end in a singularity — some models suggest it will expand forever. Furthermore, there are other singularities predicted by our current theories besides those involving the whole universe — black holes! What are they? Angels? And we won't have a theory of everything until we have a reasonable answer for what gravity looks like on a quantum scale. I doubt that Tipler does.
That man must be such an embarrasment to his university.
This guy is an aberration. Whenever you start setting dates for the end of the world, you've screwed yourself and embarrassed all mostly-normal Christians. One thing this guy does remind me of though is the built-in failure of beginning from a system of beliefs and trying to fit the facts around the system. You end up with bizarre results that are easily falsified or that are completely trivial.
He seems to have a problem discriminating between fantasy and reality. I don't know why the Skeptics society booked him.
Who's next? Bobby Fischer lecturing about the Holocaust?
Anyway, I don't think that the Skeptics society should have done that to the man.
Okay… the multiple universe model suggests that whenever a quantum wave function collapses, the universe splits into multiple copies of itself corresponding to all the possible positions a particle could have been in. Since the probability of walking on water through quantum chance is probably around 1 in 100 billion per second of walking on water, that means that Tipler is arguing that God created hundreds of billions of universes, of which more than 99.999999999% of which involve a guy named Jesus trying to walk on water and failing. I suppose God didn't care about saving the souls of the versions of ourselves in all of those parallel universes, since a spectacularly botched miracle by the alleged Son of God doesn't seem like very compelling evidence. We should feel honored that we live in the universe in which Christianity exists, since according to this theory the existence of Christianity is something which happened only by a random coincidence that makes the proverbial 747 from a duststorm example sound like an excellent bet.
The following account is true, and it is not the only one like it:
When I was a believer, in Bible College, in the late '70's, I had occasion to visit a church in Southern CA (actually, a building that was the meeting place for the church) that was a part of our denomination. The church had disbanded. The reason was simple: the Pastor had been preaching for sometime that he knew when Christ was going to return–he named a precise date. The Pastor advised his flock to sell all they had, cash in their investments, run up their credit cards, etc., in other words, to live like there was no tomorrow. Well, on the appointed day, the church had gathered together, and they were of course shocked when Jesus didn't return. The Pastor tried recalibrating and setting a couple of other dates, but the damage was done.
Most ministers wouldn't think of doing this kind of thing, and most believers wouldn't buy it. However, it does happen.
That guy sounds NUCKING FUTS!
Salary review indeed! Whatever that guy makes, it's exactly that amount too much.
Two developments in physics suggest that human history will end in about fifty years: computer experts predict that computers will exceed human intelligence within fifty years, and the de-materialization mechanism can be used to make weapons that are to atomic bombs as atomic bombs are to spitballs.
He's right, you know:
Frink: You've got to listen to me. Elementary chaos theory tells us that all robots will eventually turn against their masters and run amok in an orgy of blood and the kicking and the biting with the metal teeth and the hurting and shoving.
Scientist: How much time do we have professor?
Frink: Well according to my calculations, the robots won't go berserk for at least 24 hours.
(The robots go berserk.)
Frink: Oh, I forgot to er, carry the one.
but will the robots believe in silicon heaven? and if silicon heaven isn't real, where would all the calculators go?
I'd actually like to take an aside here about something Hemant mentioned and say that I, for one, would NOT like there to be a heaven within which we would all live forever and ever.
No moment or experience would be precious — you'll have a gazillion of them and they would all be meaningless.
You'd never bother to explore your relationships with the other "spirits" once you got to the point of absolute predictability. There'd be no surprises; after a trillion years you'd know everybody too well.
No meals to look forward to. Probably no sex. Probably no drugs or drinking. Probably no fun poker games (but I bet Judas would have been a mean stud player — oh wait, he probably would not make it to heaven…). Probably no emotions — they are physical/chemical phenomena that wouldn't exist in heaven. Right?
What would there be to explore after a few million years? (Especially if the universe had been swept away for the greatest temple to GOD ever imagined.) You can only read Thomas Pynchon novels so many times, you know.
A longer life would be nice (like, say, 300-400 years). Especially now: Look what's happened to the world in that amount of time! But "Forever"? THAT is the REAL definition of hell. Think about it.
What we're given is perfectly adequate in all its fragileness and its limited scope. That is why I think life has MORE meaning if you're an athiest: it all comes to an end. I have a feeling that coming to terms with that each and every day until I'm gone will keep things plenty interesting.
Now I'll go and enjoy something truly heavenly: a quiet beer on my modest porch, listening to the nocturnal insects in a gentle, temperate summer breeze, breathing in the scents of the herbs in my flower pots, letting my cat sit with me and allow her to live precisely in the moment while I contemplate that she is most likely better off to not be able to imagine the possibility of life after death.
That guy is certainly due for a salary review… how about… about 0% as much as his fellow scientists. Yeah, fire him,* he's nuttier than peanut butter on almonds!
* Actually, no, dont fire him, it'll just make him martyr-crazy and some people get erections when they climb on their self-made crosses.
This guy is nuts
Robots with a metaphysical yen want to become toasters. Hamilton Beach, specifically.
I'd give you the line on miracles but it would drive several here nuts and this is a dying thread.
The reason I sent the link to Hemant was (a) it was intrinsically interesting but also (b) the reviewer, Bryan Appleyard, is a respected British cultural critic. Also, I think, a believer. That he simply didn't say the book was worthless is noteworthy. The fawning towards religion isn't limited to the USA.
OsakaGuy
I read his book The Physics of Immortality years ago. I don't remember any Christian leanings in that book. Basically he outlined an interesting idea of life creating a "god" at the end of the universe during the Big Crunch. Cool science fiction, but certainly not biblical. Google up "omega point theory" and you'll find the basic outline. Here's the Wikipedia section:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_point#Tiplerian_omega_point
Did he convert to Christianity at some point? I'm curious how he reconciles Christianity with his SciFi Omega Point Theory.
HappyNat
Most physicists dislike this Theory of Everything because it requires the universe to begin in a singularity. That is, they dislike it because the theory is consistent only if God exists,
IF (note the big if) this is true then I missed the part where he makes the connecting that this god is the god of the bible. It could just as easily be Allah, or Zeus, or aliens or the FSM, right? And the part about Jesus coming to save up from the super human computers . . .are we sure this isn't science fiction?
I just wrote a comment along the lines of HappyNat's but it disappeared, so forgive me if it suddenly reappears as a double post…
I read Tipler's book The Physics of Immortality years ago, and his basic idea was interesting and cool as science fiction. His Omega Point Theory basically says life (but not necessarily human life) will spread throughout the cosmos, and eventually utilize the energy of the Big Crunch to create "god". This god is like a giant cosmic computer which will resurrect people into some kind of virtual heaven.
I don't remember any Christian elements in the book or about this "theory". Although I think it's a neat idea as SciFi, it certainly has no relation to the Bible. Did Tipler convert to Christianity at some point?
Here's a Wikipedia link to his OPT:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_point_%28Tipler%29
"quantum theory" is generally a BS term thrown out by people who believe in magic. The thing is, it doesn't apply to anything even as big as the nano scale. So, it certainly could not account for walking on water because once something as big as a foot is introduced, quantum theory no longer has ane effect.
(Maybe my post was blocked because of the Wikipedia link I added. Just google "omega point theory" and you'll find it!)
So, it certainly could not account for walking on water because once something as big as a foot is introduced, quantum theory no longer has ane effect.
No, it still has an effect. The only thing is that the effect won't be noticable unless every particle involved happens to undergo quantum changes in the exact same way. Since the probability of this can be abbreviated as 0%, it's not going to happen, but it theoretically could, in the same sense that I could theoretically grow a second head on my left shoulder.
Since you were wondering what someone with more physics background would say, there was a post earlier on Cosmic Variance about this book.
http://cosmicvariance.com/2007/05/30/the-physics-of-christianity/
No need to worry about de-materialization weapons, rogue super-intelligent robots or walking on water:
Simply installing a bi-phasic tachyon particle inverter with gluon-muon dichotomy capability in strategic points around probable targets will reverse the polarity of the de-materialization beam causing a multi-dimensional backlog of an infinite number of nothings so that in effect the beam is forever caught in a nano-moment just before it strikes. Eventually the weapon's quantum-quantum (in layman's terms, meta-quantum) anti-anti-graviton battery will overload with plasma polluted anti-energy and freeze into a steaming blob of irritated quarks.
As for the rogue super-intelligent robots, we all know that intelligence makes one vulnerable to endless futile pursuits of solutions for paradoxes, and super-intelligence makes one super-vulnerable. It takes a bit of dumb wisdom to be able to dismiss a pointless activity as pointless and then actually stop. So simply asking the oncoming murderous robot if God exists or not will cause a cognitive feedback loop that will fry its circuits. Much the same effect has been witnessed many times in their so-smart-they're-stupid human creators.
Miko is on the right track about Jesus using a large number of parallel universes to walk on water, but I will clarify the process:
If Jesus were able to direct uncommitted leviton particles (those that create levity to counteract gravity) from the 99.99999999% of the other parallel universes into the water under his feet it would stop the molecular vibration in a thin film corresponding to the water's surface tension. Thus it would be temporarily solid enough to walk on. Of course, the molecules being absolutely still would be very cold, and uncomfortable on Jesus's feet. He would have said, "Jeezus, this is frikkin' cold!" Having all knowledge of the future he would know that "Jeezus, this is frikkin' cold!" would become a popular exclamation for such circumstances and he would have uttered it without even thinking. The fact that this utterance is not recorded in any of the gospels throws more doubt on their veracity or completeness.
In the meantime all the other Jesuses (Jesusi?) in all the other universes would have plunged into the water, and coming up spitting and choking they would all have said some lame thing about his disciples having to, uh, be willing to jump headlong into his teaching, holding nothing back, or some dumb thing like that. It probably would have fooled a bunch of bewildered fishermen and things would most likely have turned out pretty much the same in the other universes with the exception of Olympic-sized pools installed in churches.
Now that I've been able to put all that to rest, Mr. Data, set a course for Hussongs Cantina and……Engage!
Did Tipler convert to Christianity at some point?
Someone at Caltech asked this question. He responded by saying he was raised a Southern Baptist, but became an agnostic in his late teens when confronted with science. In college at UC Berkeley, he came across a physics concept that led him back to belief, and he re-dedicated his life to Christ.
What that physics concept was that prompted his reconversion, I honestly can't tell you. It was probably whatever he wrote about in his first book. His presentation was absolutely awful, in terms of being jargon-filled, terribly dull and way over the heads of any non-physicist in the audience. I could only follow about 25% of what he was saying.
The contrast with Krauss, just in terms of presentation (forget about content), was breathtaking.
Richard, you've got to write a book!
all the other Jesuses (Jesusi?)
Wouldn't it be Jesi?
Yikes! Sorry for the multiple posts back there. I wasn't used to my comment not appearing right away. Please feel free to delete the extras if you have the ability.
Thanks to Karen for answering my question. I guess I blocked out all the Christian elements when I read the book that long ago. (I'm an SF fan, so I focused on those bits!) Using the Amazon search function reveals some pretty odd sentences (from the Physics of Immortality):
on Page 315:
"… If Jesus really did rise from the dead (which I don't believe), and if his resurrection body really was a spiritual body, …"
"… THE PHYSICS OF IMMORTALITY for in the Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition. I personally do not believe that the writers of these works had any revealed knowledge. Rather, I think that, …"
If these quotes are any indication, he certainly doesn't have mainstream Christian beliefs. He seems to be some kind of Christian materialist. (Amazon won't let me view more than brief quotes, so they are a bit choppy.)
OK, I just read the blog link miller posted above and many of the comments there about his earlier book agree with my impression. Here's one revealing quote from Amazon search:
"… let me state here that I am at present forced to consider myself an atheist, in the literal sense that I am not a theist. (A-theist means "not theist. …"
So I guess Tipler's world view changed quite a bit between these two books. (The Physics of Immortality pub. 1997 vs. The Physics of Christianity pub. 2007)
The author is using the 'Grey Goo' theory, but there is no reason whatsoever to suggest that technology would be there within fifty years. It really seems like he is taking great liberty with modern science to adapt it to his pre-existing set of beliefs.
The only grey goo is the stuff between Tipler's ears. As for taking great liberty with modern science to adapt it to a pre-existing set of beliefs, why large museums are being founded on that practice. It's all the rage.
The fifty years thing is a convenient balance between dramatically soon but still beyond his lifetime.
Brendon Lake
This 'Theory of everything' I've heard about seems pretty nuts to me, sounds like total scifi…
The "Theory of Everything" he promotes is nothing new – just the Minimally Extended Standard Model, plus a quantum gravity equation developed years ago. And Tipler's use of the Many Worlds approach to Quantum Mechanics is nothing new either.
Somewhat batty is his ideas about Jesus using macroscopic sphaleron fields to cause super-rapid proton-decay, turning a tiny bit of mass into a neutrino beam to carry him across water, or turning neutrinos into "loaves and fishes" to feed the 4000. Basically he's saying "miracles" are really "God-tech", literally, and so only use physical law, rather than violating it. If you believe that God is the Omega Point then I guess those sort of miracles might work.
Most of his claims have pretty solid physics behind them BUT he's saying his take on the physics is the ONLY valid approach. That's where his claim to some kind of divine truth really has problems. His strident advocacy of the Many Worlds version of QM, for example, might have problems because of recent experiments that potentially falsify it.
Tipler also thinks the quantum gravity equation of Richard Feynman and Steve Weinberg is correct – but it has been rejected by most physicists working on quantum gravity because it has an infinite number of terms when expanded and can't be renormalised. Tipler argues, perhaps validly, that many proofs in mathematics potentially involve an infinite number of statements, but I think most physicists working on quantum gravity are hoping for a set of equations their finite minds can handle. Tipler might be right but his case is a LONG way from proven.
As for his Apocalyptic hyperbole… well I'd blame it on his faith tradition's penchant for "Left Behind" style dramas in human history. Except more than a few Futurists expect radical changes as Super-Intelligence is developed. He's certainly not a lone lunatic voice on this one – for example Vernor Vinge thinks the Singularity is only 50 years away.
Einmaliger
That quote is just awesome! I want to put it on a T-Shirt
leo bradley
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Are you aware of how stupid you sound? Athiests "seeing God as a malevolent being"? That's called gnosticism, somewhat different than atheism. "… answer prayers and give you real hope"? As opposed to what, "unreal" hope? "Horrible"? "Inaccurate"? "Moot"????? Moot means "settled." You should look words up before using them.
Do you believe life exists elsewhere in the universe? I suspect you do… probably having been weaned on science fiction movies. What "evidence" do you have that there are aliens out there??? as opposed to, say, Heaven?
What a pack of morons! You take on someone whose garment you are not fit to touch! Rip him a new one? Ha! Not even in an alternate universe of your own design! Stick with TV, or whatever it is that you rely on for your muddled facts. You're way out of your depth.
Your post is just bile. Do you actually have an intelligent point to make?
Sure these atheist buffoons are pillorying Tipler, but that's the point of this particular blog post. As for the doubts about Heaven do you have any objective evidence for Heaven you'd care to share with us? If Tipler is right then you're about 10 quadrillion years too early.
Someone has dragged out the Shroud of Turin's supposed falsification by carbon dating, but if they'd bothered to read any recent literature on the subject they might have found the carbon dating has been cast into serious doubt – not because it was wrong, but because the sample came from a Medieval patchwork repair on the Shroud. The sample region is chemically and optically (in UV) distinct from the rest of the material, so the supposed debunking has been debunked. Other chemical based tests on the Shroud date it to between 3,000 – 1,300 years old i.e. probably as old as it is claimed to be.
Is JC's rising from the dead proven then? No. There will always be room for doubt or for faith. But there is no room for absurdities like a "mythical Christ" who didn't exist in history. Jesus is as real as any other historical figure, but you can either accept the message or you can reject the messengers as untrustworthy. Considering the hypocrisy of so many Christians I can understand why the second option is so popular.
Moot means "settled." You should look words up before using them.
moot –adjective
1. open to discussion or debate; debatable; doubtful: a moot point.
2. of little or no practical value or meaning; purely academic.
3. Chiefly Law. not actual; theoretical; hypothetical
Are you aware of how stupid you sound?
James Redford
Hemant Mehta, you greatly underestimate the hatred of many in acedemia for belief in God, especially Christianity. This is the same Western academia that defended and covered-up for the U.S.S.R. and Mao Tse-tung's China. During which time the Soviet government murdered over 61 million of its own noncombatant subjects, while the Communist Chinese government murdered over 76 million of it own noncombatant subjects. (The preceding figures are from Prof. Rudolph Joseph Rummel's website at http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/ .)
Western academia in no small part helped enable those mass-slaughters with its faithful adoration of those regimes and the socialist ideologies upon which they were founded. Instead of shining a spotlight on the tyranny and horrors of Communism (and thereby helping to diminish it by focusing world attention on it), they instead acted as Communism's intellectual bodyguards. Still to this day not much is said in academia or the major media about the biggest mass-slaughters by far in human history.
Concerning the Omega Point Theory:
The known laws of physics (i.e., general relativity, quantum mechanics, and the Extended Standard Model of particle physics) force us to the conclusion that computational resources in the universe must diverge to infinity (i.e., in order for the known laws of physics to be mutually consistent at all times). The final state of infinite informational capacity (which is never reached in experiential time) is identified as being God.
For much more on the technical details of the above, see the below resources:
F. J. Tipler, "The structure of the world from pure numbers," Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 68, No. 4 (April 2005), pp. 897-964. http://math.tulane.edu/~tipler/theoryofeverything.pdf Also released as "Feynman-Weinberg Quantum Gravity and the Extended Standard Model as a Theory of Everything," arXiv:0704.3276, April 24, 2007. http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.3276
"Omega Point (Tipler)," Wikipedia, January 6, 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omega_Point_%28Tipler%29&oldid=182549075
"Frank J. Tipler," Wikipedia, January 5, 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_J._Tipler&oldid=182407923
Theophysics http://geocities.com/theophysics/
The only way to avoid the Omega Point cosmology is to invent tenuous physical theories which have no experimental support and which violate the known laws of physics, such as with Prof. Stephen Hawking's paper on the black hole information issue which is dependant on the conjectured string theory-based AdS/CFT correspondence (anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory correspondence). (See S. W. Hawking, "Information loss in black holes," Physical Review D, Vol. 72, No. 8, 084013 [October 2005] http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0507171 .)
That is to say, Prof. Hawking's paper is based upon invented and unconfirmed laws of physics. It's an impressive testament to the Omega Point Theory's correctness, as Hawking realizes that the known laws of physics require the universe to collapse in finite time. Hawking knows quite well that the black hole information issue must be resolved without violating unitarity, yet he's forced to abandon the known laws of physics in order to avoid unitarity violation without the universe ending in finite time via collapse.
So we have confirmation from no less than Hawking himself that one can't get around the universe ending in a collapse in finite time if one sticks to the known laws of physics. The only way to get around that is to invent new laws of physics.
Some have suggested that the universe's current acceleration of its expansion obviates the Omega Point. But as Profs. Lawrence M. Krauss and Michael S. Turner point out in "Geometry and Destiny" (General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 31, No. 10 [October 1999], pp. 1453-1459 http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9904020 ), there is no set of cosmological observations which can tell us whether the universe will expand forever or eventually collapse.
There's a very good reason for that, because that is dependant on the actions of intelligent life. The known laws of physics provide the mechanism for the universe's collapse. As required by the Standard Model, the net baryon number was created in the early universe by baryogenesis via electroweak quantum tunneling. This necessarily forces the Higgs field to be in a vacuum state that is not its absolute vacuum, which is the cause of the positive cosmological constant. But if the baryons in the universe were to be annihilated by the inverse of baryogenesis, again via electroweak quantum tunneling (which is allowed in the Standard Model, as B – L is conserved), then this would force the Higgs field toward its absolute vacuum, thereby forcing the universe to collapse. Moreover, this process would provide the ideal form of energy resource and rocket propulsion during the colonization phase of the universe.
Prof. Tipler's above 2005 Reports on Progress in Physics paper also demonstrates that the correct quantum gravity theory has existed since 1962, first discovered by Richard Feynman in that year, and independently discovered by Steven Weinberg and Bryce DeWitt, among others. But because these physicists were looking for equations with a finite number of terms (i.e., derivatives no higher than second order), they abandoned this qualitatively unique quantum gravity theory since in order for it to be consistent it requires an arbitrarily higher number of terms. Further, they didn't realize that this proper theory of quantum gravity is consistent only with a certain set of boundary conditions imposed (which includes the initial Big Bang, and the final Omega Point, cosmological singularities). The equations for this theory of quantum gravity are term-by-term finite, but the same mechanism that forces each term in the series to be finite also forces the entire series to be infinite (i.e., infinities that would otherwise occur in spacetime, consequently destabilizing it, are transferred to the cosmological singularities, thereby preventing the universe from immediately collapsing into nonexistence). When combined with the Standard Model, the result is a Theory of Everything (TOE) correctly describing and unifying all the forces in physics.
pj johnson
Dr. Tipler has raised an interesting speculation on our physical future. His claims appear to have considerable strength based on his attempt to give a physical explanation for christian eschatology. Oddly a recent revelation of Isaac Newton's speculation re the endtime for humans was given as 2060 close to Dr. Tipler's prognostication. The angry attacks by faith followers of atheism are understandable human and the inevitable reaction to novel predictions offered by theorists, faith engenders very strong feeling.
Appealing to one coincidence does not make Tipler's speculations valid.
"Newton, like many historicist prophetic commentators of his age, believed that the prophetic time periods 1260, 1290, 1335 and 2300 days actually represent 1260, 1290, 1335 and 2300 years using the "day-for-a-year principle"."
Tipler's ideas sound at best historicism, just like Newton's theological predictions because they aren't falsifiable in a scientific fashion. The previous comment provides a misplaced appeal to scientific authority (when Newton wasn't using science to make his theological predictions) instead of give scientific evidence and also uses a combination of straw man and ad hominem arguments. Usually when someone does that I think it is out of desperation because of the lack of scientific rigor supporting the thesis.
I see lots of personal insults directed toward Dr. Tipler and no real refutation of his points. Paranoia and emotional rants are not going to help the atheist case. Tipler's Omega Point Theory is endorsed by none other than David Deutsch, mind you – some scientists find the theory plausible.
Yet another crazy?
Wake up, nutball. This dead thread is two years old.
Go dig a hole and live in it. Tipler's end of the world is two years closer!
I swear, the insane shouldn't be allowed the internet. It's like crack to them.
His theory is one logical outcome of physics-as-we-know-it but his claims go beyond mere physics into out-and-out speculation and seem to serve as a blanket refusal to consider other possibilities. He claims physicists are avoiding the cosmological singularity for essentially religious reasons, but gives no meaningful reason why it shouldn't be treated like any other singularity in physics – i.e. evidence that one's equations have gone beyond their useful limits.


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text:
package testclient

import (
	"sync"

	kapi "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	ktestclient "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/testclient"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/watch"

	"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/api/latest"
	"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/client"
)

// Fake implements Interface. Meant to be embedded into a struct to get a default
// implementation. This makes faking out just the method you want to test easier.
type Fake struct {
	actions []ktestclient.Action // these may be castable to other types, but "Action" is the minimum
	err     error

	Watch watch.Interface
	// ReactFn is an optional function that will be invoked with the provided action
	// and return a response.
	ReactFn ktestclient.ReactionFunc

	Lock sync.RWMutex
}

// NewSimpleFake returns a client that will respond with the provided objects
func NewSimpleFake(objects ...runtime.Object) *Fake {
	o := ktestclient.NewObjects(kapi.Scheme, kapi.Scheme)
	for _, obj := range objects {
		if err := o.Add(obj); err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}
	return &Fake{ReactFn: ktestclient.ObjectReaction(o, latest.RESTMapper)}
}

// Invokes registers the passed fake action and reacts on it if a ReactFn
// has been defined
func (c *Fake) Invokes(action ktestclient.Action, defaultReturnObj runtime.Object) (runtime.Object, error) {
	c.Lock.Lock()
	defer c.Lock.Unlock()

	c.actions = append(c.actions, action)
	if c.ReactFn != nil {
		return c.ReactFn(action)
	}
	return defaultReturnObj, c.err
}

// ClearActions clears the history of actions called on the fake client
func (c *Fake) ClearActions() {
	c.Lock.Lock()
	c.Lock.Unlock()

	c.actions = make([]ktestclient.Action, 0)
}

// Actions returns a chronologically ordered slice fake actions called on the fake client
func (c *Fake) Actions() []ktestclient.Action {
	c.Lock.RLock()
	defer c.Lock.RUnlock()

	fa := make([]ktestclient.Action, len(c.actions))
	copy(fa, c.actions)
	return fa
}

// SetErr sets the error to return for client calls
func (c *Fake) SetErr(err error) {
	c.Lock.Lock()
	defer c.Lock.Unlock()

	c.err = err
}

// Err returns any a client error or nil
func (c *Fake) Err() error {
	c.Lock.RLock()
	c.Lock.RUnlock()

	return c.err
}

var _ client.Interface = &Fake{}

// Builds provides a fake REST client for Builds
func (c *Fake) Builds(namespace string) client.BuildInterface {
	return &FakeBuilds{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// BuildConfigs provides a fake REST client for BuildConfigs
func (c *Fake) BuildConfigs(namespace string) client.BuildConfigInterface {
	return &FakeBuildConfigs{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// BuildLogs provides a fake REST client for BuildLogs
func (c *Fake) BuildLogs(namespace string) client.BuildLogsInterface {
	return &FakeBuildLogs{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// Images provides a fake REST client for Images
func (c *Fake) Images() client.ImageInterface {
	return &FakeImages{Fake: c}
}

// ImageStreams provides a fake REST client for ImageStreams
func (c *Fake) ImageStreams(namespace string) client.ImageStreamInterface {
	return &FakeImageStreams{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ImageStreamMappings provides a fake REST client for ImageStreamMappings
func (c *Fake) ImageStreamMappings(namespace string) client.ImageStreamMappingInterface {
	return &FakeImageStreamMappings{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ImageStreamTags provides a fake REST client for ImageStreamTags
func (c *Fake) ImageStreamTags(namespace string) client.ImageStreamTagInterface {
	return &FakeImageStreamTags{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ImageStreamImages provides a fake REST client for ImageStreamImages
func (c *Fake) ImageStreamImages(namespace string) client.ImageStreamImageInterface {
	return &FakeImageStreamImages{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// DeploymentConfigs provides a fake REST client for DeploymentConfigs
func (c *Fake) DeploymentConfigs(namespace string) client.DeploymentConfigInterface {
	return &FakeDeploymentConfigs{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// Routes provides a fake REST client for Routes
func (c *Fake) Routes(namespace string) client.RouteInterface {
	return &FakeRoutes{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// HostSubnets provides a fake REST client for HostSubnets
func (c *Fake) HostSubnets() client.HostSubnetInterface {
	return &FakeHostSubnet{Fake: c}
}

// NetNamespaces provides a fake REST client for NetNamespaces
func (c *Fake) NetNamespaces() client.NetNamespaceInterface {
	return &FakeNetNamespace{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterNetwork provides a fake REST client for ClusterNetwork
func (c *Fake) ClusterNetwork() client.ClusterNetworkInterface {
	return &FakeClusterNetwork{Fake: c}
}

// Templates provides a fake REST client for Templates
func (c *Fake) Templates(namespace string) client.TemplateInterface {
	return &FakeTemplates{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// TemplateConfigs provides a fake REST client for TemplateConfigs
func (c *Fake) TemplateConfigs(namespace string) client.TemplateConfigInterface {
	return &FakeTemplateConfigs{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// Identities provides a fake REST client for Identities
func (c *Fake) Identities() client.IdentityInterface {
	return &FakeIdentities{Fake: c}
}

// Users provides a fake REST client for Users
func (c *Fake) Users() client.UserInterface {
	return &FakeUsers{Fake: c}
}

// UserIdentityMappings provides a fake REST client for UserIdentityMappings
func (c *Fake) UserIdentityMappings() client.UserIdentityMappingInterface {
	return &FakeUserIdentityMappings{Fake: c}
}

// Groups provides a fake REST client for Groups
func (c *Fake) Groups() client.GroupInterface {
	return &FakeGroups{Fake: c}
}

// Projects provides a fake REST client for Projects
func (c *Fake) Projects() client.ProjectInterface {
	return &FakeProjects{Fake: c}
}

// ProjectRequests provides a fake REST client for ProjectRequests
func (c *Fake) ProjectRequests() client.ProjectRequestInterface {
	return &FakeProjectRequests{Fake: c}
}

// Policies provides a fake REST client for Policies
func (c *Fake) Policies(namespace string) client.PolicyInterface {
	return &FakePolicies{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// Roles provides a fake REST client for Roles
func (c *Fake) Roles(namespace string) client.RoleInterface {
	return &FakeRoles{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// RoleBindings provides a fake REST client for RoleBindings
func (c *Fake) RoleBindings(namespace string) client.RoleBindingInterface {
	return &FakeRoleBindings{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// PolicyBindings provides a fake REST client for PolicyBindings
func (c *Fake) PolicyBindings(namespace string) client.PolicyBindingInterface {
	return &FakePolicyBindings{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ResourceAccessReviews provides a fake REST client for ResourceAccessReviews
func (c *Fake) ResourceAccessReviews(namespace string) client.ResourceAccessReviewInterface {
	return &FakeResourceAccessReviews{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ClusterResourceAccessReviews provides a fake REST client for ClusterResourceAccessReviews
func (c *Fake) ClusterResourceAccessReviews() client.ResourceAccessReviewInterface {
	return &FakeClusterResourceAccessReviews{Fake: c}
}

// SubjectAccessReviews provides a fake REST client for SubjectAccessReviews
func (c *Fake) SubjectAccessReviews(namespace string) client.SubjectAccessReviewInterface {
	return &FakeSubjectAccessReviews{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// ImpersonateSubjectAccessReviews provides a fake REST client for SubjectAccessReviews
func (c *Fake) ImpersonateSubjectAccessReviews(token, namespace string) client.SubjectAccessReviewInterface {
	return &FakeSubjectAccessReviews{Fake: c, Namespace: namespace}
}

// OAuthAccessTokens provides a fake REST client for OAuthAccessTokens
func (c *Fake) OAuthAccessTokens() client.OAuthAccessTokenInterface {
	return &FakeOAuthAccessTokens{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterSubjectAccessReviews provides a fake REST client for ClusterSubjectAccessReviews
func (c *Fake) ClusterSubjectAccessReviews() client.SubjectAccessReviewInterface {
	return &FakeClusterSubjectAccessReviews{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterPolicies provides a fake REST client for ClusterPolicies
func (c *Fake) ClusterPolicies() client.ClusterPolicyInterface {
	return &FakeClusterPolicies{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterPolicyBindings provides a fake REST client for ClusterPolicyBindings
func (c *Fake) ClusterPolicyBindings() client.ClusterPolicyBindingInterface {
	return &FakeClusterPolicyBindings{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterRoles provides a fake REST client for ClusterRoles
func (c *Fake) ClusterRoles() client.ClusterRoleInterface {
	return &FakeClusterRoles{Fake: c}
}

// ClusterRoleBindings provides a fake REST client for ClusterRoleBindings
func (c *Fake) ClusterRoleBindings() client.ClusterRoleBindingInterface {
	return &FakeClusterRoleBindings{Fake: c}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Eric Chalfant reviews Blackford and Schüklenk's 50 Voices of Disbelief (2009), and notes that, although intended for a lay audience, the plurality of personal narratives and experiences recounted by contributors to the book serves as a reminder to academic researchers that atheists constitute a varied demographic with 'complicated stories and multifaceted self-understandings'.
The cover of 50 Voices of Disbelief: Why We Are Atheists depicts a candle that has just been blown out, the smoke wafting from a dead wick. At first glance, this might seem to reflect a certain kind of negativity prevalent in treatments of deconversion, the transition from religion to atheism. We frequently hear terms like 'loss of faith' used to imply that the movement away from religion is one of subtraction – the peeling away of religious affiliation to something more fundamental, neutral, and untouched by processes of acculturation. This understanding of deconversion tends to lose sight of the active and creative processes involved in identity-formation. Atheism, contrary to the claims of many religionists and atheists alike, is not a purely natural state given prior to the contamination of religious ideology; it is a subject position achieved in lived experience and discourse – it is actively constructed, formed, and negotiated.
While Blackford and Schüklenk's volume appears decidedly intended for a lay audience, then, it does contain a valuable lesson for social scientists in that it demonstrates the irreducible plurality of means by which atheists fashion their identities. The contributions come from fields as diverse as academia, politics, industry, and science, and range in form from autobiographical narratives to highly impersonal philosophical syllogisms. As a collection of disparate and very brief narratives, the volume enacts a departure from attempts to construct a manifesto of atheist epistemology, providing instead a sampler of atheist voices with which various would-be-atheists could identify.
In recent years, the public face of atheism has been marred by accusations of homogeneity, both intellectually and demographically. Atheism has been seen by many as a white man's game, reacting almost exclusively to Western Evangelical Christianity. Following 2011's 'Elevatorgate,' a highly-visible controversy erupting around accusations of sexism within the atheist community, public atheism faced an embarrassing inability to productively address issues of inclusion despite paying constant lip-service to tolerance and consciousness-raising. Public atheism has similarly faced issues of racial exclusion, Islamophobia, and classism. As a book concerned primarily with presenting a more diverse public face for atheism, this volume is certainly a step in the right direction. Intellectually, a tendency toward redundancy and consensus around the importance of scientific literacy and the question of theodicy is balanced by potential for serious disagreement among contributors concerning the role of religion and the potential justifications for atheism. And the justifications for atheism range from rigid scientific and logically-positivist proofs of God's nonexistence to Bakuninesque ethical refusals of the terms of religion independent of the question of God's existence.
Demographically, the diversity is a bit more sparse but nonetheless noteworthy. Of the 52 contributors, 13 are women. A number of contributors address issues of sexism and homophobia within religion (though notably not within the atheist community). While the majority of contributors come from nonreligious or Christian backgrounds, there are post-Jewish, post-Muslim, and post-Hindu representatives from the West and East. Thus, while the volume is obviously geared toward lay readers and resists social-scientific analysis, there is a takeaway for scholars with an academic interest in deconversion and atheism. That takeaway seems to be primarily a reminder that atheism must be understood as an autobiographical and interpersonal subject-position at the same time that it is understood as an epistemology. Atheism is not merely an abstract intellectual position hovering in the atmosphere. Much less is it a negative substrate underlying religious identification. Rather, atheism is a complex and heterogeneous network of atheists – people with complicated stories and multifaceted self-understandings. Blackford and Schüklenk's volume provides a mere snapshot – albeit an important one – of the centripetal and centrifugal forces within the atheist community, where atheists cultivate a simultaneous sense of collective identity and radical individualism. As public atheism seems increasingly poised to seize onto a kind of minoritarian and potentially-reductive identity-politics, a volume like this is invaluable in keeping sight of the radical diversity of living atheists.
Blackford, R. and Schüklenk, U. (2009). 50 voices of disbelief. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.
Eric Chalfant is a doctoral student in the Religion and Modernity track of Duke University's Religious Studies PhD Program, where he works on the history of atheism, deconversion narratives, and American secularism. His dissertation is a genealogy of atheist and irreligious media practices in American history since the Civil War, tracing the legacy of those practices for contemporary accounts of deconversion on the internet.
This entry was posted in NSRN Blog, Review and tagged 50 Voices of Disbelief, Atheism, book review, deconversion, Eric Chalfant, nonreligion. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
لا يتسبب المهاجرون في زيادة معدلات الجريمة – لكن التصورات الخاطئة تستمر على أي حال
الرئيسية/استثمار العملات/Erlay Preserves Bitcoins Decentralization – Bitcoin Magazine
Erlay Preserves Bitcoins Decentralization – Bitcoin Magazine
This is an opinion editorial by Kudzai Kutukwa, a passionate financial inclusion advocate who was recognized by Fast Company magazine as one of South Africa's top-20 young entrepreneurs under 30.
Satoshi Nakamoto brilliantly laid out in a few short sentences the major problem with the current financial system; it's dependency on trust. "The root problem with conventional currency is all the trust that's required to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust. Banks must be trusted to hold our money and transfer it electronically, but they lend it out in waves of credit bubbles with barely a fraction in reserve." In other words what really drives the fiat monetary to a great extent is trust, because without it the system as we know it wouldn't be functional, however the trust is being placed in untrustworthy individuals and institutions. The Bitcoin monetary system is trustless and decentralized by design and is reliant on cryptographic proof instead, thus removing altogether the need for "trusted intermediaries" in every financial interaction, from the central bank all the way down to transactions between individuals.
The Blocksize War of 2015-2017 is one of the most significant events in Bitcoin's history. This was really a battle between those that favored centralization of the protocol by a handful of developers, exchanges and miners (akin to what you have in Ethereum today) versus those that favored decentralization, security and resilience over the long term. For the first time in its existence Bitcoin faced a potential hostile takeover engineered by powerful corporate entities that wanted to capture and impose their will on Bitcoin. What started out as a disagreement on how to scale Bitcoin, whether the size limit of the blocks that make up the Bitcoin blockchain should be increased or not, eventually morphed into a two year long tug of war over the very soul of Bitcoin itself. Two camps emerged; the "big blockers", who were in favor of increasing the block size as their priority was ensuring faster and cheaper transactions at the base layer thus making Bitcoin into a global payments system that would rival Visa (i.e. corporate control); and the "small blockers" who were more focused on Bitcoin being a new form of money, which had to remain fully decentralized if it was to achieve the goal of separating money and state (i.e. individual control).
Jan3 CEO, Samson Mow, who was at the frontlines of the block size war, in a recent article made the following remark about the small blockers, "They prioritized integrity, resilience and security, arguing that if blocks became big, it would become expensive for users to run a node and would thus incentivize hosting nodes in data centers; a one-way street towards centralization and control by a few, not much different from other systems like banks. This would mean the death of the dream of an apolitical, incorruptible, decentralized money." The small blockers foresaw a scenario in which overtime it would be expensive for users to run full Bitcoin nodes which would have led to further centralization and thus recreating the trusted third parties in another form; the very middlemen that Bitcoin was designed to disrupt. Satoshi designed Bitcoin with the intention of it remaining a technically and socially robust peer-to-peer (P2P) network which should never be "corrupted" through centralization. He summarized it this way, "Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted party is still required to prevent double-spending."
In order for Bitcoin to remain user-controlled, every attempt or form of centralization has to be fiercely resisted, especially given the innate human tendency to lean more towards centralized systems with a leader. If a handful of business entities and developers could force such a significant change without consensus would that not be akin to how the Federal Reserve plans the economy by dictating interest rates and maintaining "price stability?" As stated earlier, it wasn't just about block sizes anymore but it was now an ideological clash about control. Who had control, was it the users or the miners or the developers that would steer the protocol? In the book, "The Blocksize War," the author accurately described this phenomenon and how it was an underlying driver for the big blockers when he noted;
"In some people's minds, the idea of a system controlled by end users is too difficult to grasp. Instead, they look for somebody or some entity who controls the system. Some people cannot fathom the idea of a system which has global consensus, but lacks a leader…As for whether Bitcoin really is the leaderless system it proclaims to be and whether this will always remain the case, the jury is still out. However, after the drama and shenanigans of the blocksize war, one thing is clear: there is still hope that the claim is true."
Ultimately, it was the small blockers that prevailed and as a result Bitcoin remained firmly in the users' control.
When it comes to Bitcoin most of the attention is focused on bitcoin the asset and less on the infrastructure required to maintain this global, decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) network. While the small blockers' victory in the blocksize war secured Bitcoin's path towards future mass adoption, it still remains unclear to most people why running a node is so important that it was worth fighting for. Let's start by defining what a node is. A full node is any computer that maintains and stores the entire Bitcoin blockchain; in order to verify and record new transactions as they happen, according to a common set of network consensus rules. In the absence of a central party, it's these nodes that act as referees of the Bitcoin network by independently validating all transactions and blocks; and filtering out invalid transactions. This is how the Bitcoin network removes trust in any centralized entity and ensures the integrity of its 21 million supply cap.
While running a full node is important, it's still optional to do so. Running a full node, grants anyone the ability to broadcast transactions (or blocks) on a permissionless basis. The more nodes there are on the network, the more decentralized Bitcoin becomes. This not only increases redundancy, but it results in Bitcoin being more secure by making it increasingly harder to corrupt or censor. Each full node executes the consensus rules of the network, an important element being Bitcoin's fixed supply. Bitcoin Core developer, Luke Dashjr, perfectly summarized it this way, "All of Bitcoin's advantages — including its security from outright theft and the 21 million BTC cap — stem from the assumption that the majority of the economy are using their own full nodes to verify payments to them. Centralized verification and third-party/custodial wallets are a bigger threat to Bitcoin than anything else." In other words, nodes are very important parts of the Bitcoin network's defense mechanism with regards to processing transactions, and they are the last line of defense against centralization and malicious actors. More information regarding running your own node can be found here.
Despite the critical role that nodes play in the Bitcoin ecosystem, it's estimated that the number of Bitcoin nodes has dropped considerably from a peak of 200,000 in 2018 to less than 45,000 today as of time of writing according to Dashjr's data. Given the fact that users being able to run full nodes was one of the biggest factors that culminated in the blocksize war, it's definitely of great concern that we are seeing a reduction of nodes on the network in 2022 when compared with 2018. This could potentially make the Bitcoin network less secure and much more prone to centralization. Furthermore from a geographical standpoint, 32.8% of Bitcoin nodes globally are located in just seven countries — the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Canada, Finland and the United Kingdom, as of time of writing according to data from BTC nodes analytics platform Bitnodes.
Ironically in the global south where there is a huge need for Bitcoin from a financial inclusion perspective, there is a paucity of Bitcoin nodes in that part of the world. There are numerous reasons that can explain the decrease of Bitcoin nodes or the lack thereof in other regions; firstly there are a lot of people that are not educated about the importance of running a full Bitcoin node, especially given the current obsession with number go up. Secondly, due to the significant bandwidth usage of Bitcoin full nodes especially as the network scales, the costs of doing so are prohibitive; especially in places with subpar internet connectivity. This is where Erlay comes in. Erlay is a new efficient transaction relay protocol that aims to significantly minimize the bandwidth usage required to connect Bitcoin full nodes.
Approximately 50% of the bandwidth required to run a Bitcoin node is used just for announcing transactions. When a new bitcoin transaction is broadcast, it is sent to all nodes on Bitcoin's p2p network and this occurs in two ways. Firstly, after receiving a transaction, a node sends a transaction identifier (i.e. transaction ID) to all of the peers it's connected with. This transaction ID is subsequently verified by all these peers to ensure that they haven't received the transaction in question from another peer. If not, the whole transaction is requested from the node that sent the transaction ID. This process repeats continuously and the end result is that there is a plethora of redundant messages being shared on the Bitcoin network, thus unnecessarily consuming a lot of bandwidth. It's estimated that 44% of overall bandwidth used between nodes consists of these redundant messages. The long and short of it is that this approach has high redundancy and poor bandwidth efficiency. The bandwidth costs therefore become a huge impediment for some users to run a full node, which severely limits the extent of decentralization of the network.
Secondly, the decentralized nature of the network gives rise to another critical issue with regards to Bitcoin's node connectivity, which is that it also uses large amounts of bandwidth to keep the connection open with all the other nodes. In other words the current protocol increases bandwidth consumption as the number of connections between nodes increases. This also increases the costs to run a Bitcoin full node as the network scales, which would make the network more prone to centralization. Over and above that, since the security of the Bitcoin network is heavily reliant on the connectivity between nodes (i.e. higher connectivity results in a more secure network) fewer connections between nodes would be bandwidth efficient but would result in a less secure and borderline centralized network. According to the white paper that was co-authored by Gleb Naumenko, Bryan Bishop, Pieter Wuille, Greg Maxwell, Alexandara Fedorova and Ivan Beschastnikh; Erlay will reduce the amount of bandwidth required to maintain current levels of connectivity between Bitcoin nodes by 40%, while simultaneously maintaining bandwidth usage as the connectivity between nodes increases. To put this in perspective, currently a connection to 32 nodes utilizes approximately 17.3GB per month to relay transactions and Erlay drastically reduces this to a meager 0.94GB per month! This is a huge quantum leap for bandwidth efficiency as shown by the diagrams below:
The paper further states that; "By allowing more connections at a small cost, Erlay improves the security of the Bitcoin network. And, as we demonstrate, Erlay also hardens the network against attacks that attempt to learn the origin node of a transaction." In other words Erlay significantly improves bandwidth efficiency by reducing bandwidth used for transaction relay as well as scalability of connections between peers thus making the network more resistant to partitioning attacks and fortifies single nodes against eclipse attacks. While Erlay protocol support signaling has successfully merged into Bitcoin core, this was a development that took three and a half years to materialize, given the extensive review and testing that had to be done beforehand, because stability and security at the base layer are everything.
While Bitcoin is a significant breakthrough in creating a trustless and decentralized monetary system with superior monetary properties, its success is not guaranteed unless we the users remain committed to defending the principles upon which it is anchored. The victory by the small blockers in the blocksize war wasn't handed to them on a silver platter but it came about through relentless commitment to the goal of separation of money and state. It was all or nothing. Many more attempts to control Bitcoin at the protocol level will be launched, however they will be doomed to fail if we remain resolute and unwavering in preserving the network's core tenets; of which decentralization is chief among them, in my humble opinion. By keeping the costs of running a node as low as possible,more individual users from around the world are able to participate in validating the network, this is what Erlay represents. It's a defense against centralization of the network by larger players thus preserving Bitcoin's identity as a fully decentralized, permissionless and trustless peer-to-peer monetary system.
This is a guest post by Kudzai Kutukwa. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc. or Bitcoin Magazine.
Bitcoin Bitcoins Decentralization Erlay Magazine Preserves
Terraform Labs تستدعي مذكرة توقيف من السلطات الكورية بشأن تجاوز دو كوون: تقرير


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We are such an outstanding title loan lender that many of our clients return for new loans, and also refer others to us. We are required to operate under specific rules established by each state where we are located and rest assured that your title loan is compliant with these rules. Why deal with the hassles of a traditional bank loan when you can get approved for a quick title loan. We understand and offer a title loan to people with less than perfect credit every day. The main difference between a title loan and a cash advance, is that you use your vehicle as collateral when you apply for a short term title loan.
A large return customer base is a good sign when it comes to choosing the right title loan lender. All title loan transactions are made in strict accordance with local, state and federal law. The whole marion county title loan process is completed in just a few simple steps and we can have money in your hands as fast as today! In order to qualify for a title loan you will be asked to provide simple documentation. It's our job to help marion county title loan customers obtain the money they need.
Our title loan clients include small business owners, teachers, commissioned sales people, contract employees, students, nurses, and more. Please contact your title loan office to review or discuss how our programs work. A low cost title loan is easy to qualify for because you are using the money you have already put in your vehicle. Some of the simple documentation required for a short term title loan include but are not limited to a copy of your Driver's License, copy of your auto insurance, vehicle title, etc. The basic idea behind a title loan, is that customers will use the money they obtain for immediate financial obligations and pay back the money as quickly as possible.


We had the pleasure of reviewing the first release of the Fw 190 series, the A-8, back in October 2006. The review quoted the background history directly from the Eduard instruction sheet as it was concise and put the entire Fw 190 series into context. Since the same background narrative is provided in this kit as well, you can go here to see the history and the A-8 as well.
Eduard has made good use of their research and tooling technology to create what is probably the best model of the Fw 190 series in any scale. First introduced in 2006 with the Fw 190A-8, Eduard has since produced a variety of other variants including the Fw 190A-5, Fw 190A-6, Fw 190D-9, Fw 190D-11, and Fw 190D-13. While Tamiya has probably turned out more variants of the Fw 190 in 1/48 and Hasegawa has tackled the subject as well, the Eduard kits still have to be the best Fw 190 kits in any scale. They're not for the novice modeler as all of that detail must be assembled precisely or you'll run into fit problems later on in the assembly process.
In this latest release, Eduard has reissued the tooling for the Fw 190A-5, Fw-190A-6 and Fw-190A-8 all in one box to create a Dual Combo, or two complete kits. In order to create to complete kits that span these variants, Eduard does some creative mixing and matching of parts trees. The images to the right do not show duplicate parts trees.
The ailerons and rudder are separately molded and positionable, but the elevators are molded in place. You'll have to do some surgery to position these. The landing flaps are also molded up, but while the instructions don't mention this, there are some details molded into the inside of the flap wells in the upper wing halves and cut lines are molded into the lower wing to make flap removal simple.
Four sheets of decals are provided, one for the distinctive unit markings, one for the national markings, and two with VERY complete sets of maintenance stenciling.
A sheet of the yellow-tape masks included as well. These are nice for clean masking of canopies and wheel hubs for ease of painting as well as achieving that sharp and consistent paint line.
I had to get this kit as I've been exposed to some specific unit histories and JG 54 is one of those units that has an interesting operational history which included being the second highest scoring group of all time. Of course their signature was the green heart carried on many of their aircraft, and even Eduard provides a Green Heart lapel pin in this box as well.
If you're a World War II modeler, this kit provides you with the best of all worlds - two complete kits with options for three variants, ten markings, enough detail in the box that you won't need resin, and of course the Eduard signature color-printed photo-etched cockpits and yellow tape masks. Aside from glue, paint, and a little bench time, everything you need for a super-detailed Focke Wulf is in this box. Actually two super-detailed Focke Wulfs.
This kit is still recommended!


HMRC has begun taking measures to create an easier and faster process for the representatives of taxpayers who are disadvantaged or disabled.
Accountants will find it easier to communicate with HMRC regarding the income tax details of their disabled clients, after the Government department announced that there will now be 'deemed consent' for this taxpayer category.
This will make the process quicker for both individuals and businesses. Accountants in Eastham, and elsewhere in the UK, will be able to communicate directly with HMRC on the behalf of clients who are unable to do so themselves.
HMRC said the change, which was first revealed on November 12, is aimed at helping those who already assist incapacitated and vulnerable taxpayers. They can now make direct calls regarding tax issues, with the representative able to request important details on behalf of their client or family member, while also having the power to submit required papers when necessary.
The Low Incomes Tax Reform Group has expressed its approval of 'deemed consent', citing it as effective and simple. It also said that it had been looking for changes to be made for some time. It described the former approach as being "cumbersome and antiquated" with regards to processing authorisation and security.


Built specifically to house .308-sized cartridges, the 557 Short Action also features a detachable box magazine. With less overall action length, this variant of the 557 is more compact and a little lighter, making it ideal for hunting medium game. With the same CNCed billet action and our legendary cold hammer forged barrel, the 557 is a rifle that won't just last a lifetime, it'll get handed down for generations. Clad in an American-style walnut stock, the new action is paired with CZ's legendary cold hammer forged, factory-lapped barrel. The resulting rifle is destined to become a treasured hunting companion.