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Home » Laura Finley » Disparate Impact Claims Essential for Justice
Disparate Impact Claims Essential for Justice
2 Jul, 2015 in Laura Finley by PeaceVoice
"Like many other progressives, I was very excited about some of the Supreme Court decisions this term (healthcare, gay marriage) and deeply disturbed about others (Facebook threats should not be judged on a "reasonable person" standard, executions using new drugs can continue). One decision that did not receive as much attention but that is tremendously important, I think, is the Court's ruling in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. In that decision, the Court held 5-4 that housing segregation, even if done unintentionally, violates the Fair Housing Act. In doing so, the Court affirmed that "disparate impact claims" about housing are legitimate. Although it is not clear that this will be the case, I hope that the decision paved the way for greater use of social science data by courts on other issues."
Author: Laura Finley
Published in: The Gilmer Mirror http://www.gilmermirror.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Disparate+Impact+Claims+Essential+for+Justice%20&id=26732541
Truth Out http://www.truth-out.org/speakout/item/31703-supreme-court-ruling-on-housing-may-strengthen-broader-anti-discrimination-efforts
Counter Punch http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/07/02/the-essentials-for-justice/
Las Vegas Informer http://lasvegas.informermg.com/2015/07/04/disparate-impact-claims-essential-justice/
Sierra County Prospect	http://www.sierracountyprospect.org/2015/07/08/too-much-justice-7815/
Gilmer Free Press http://www.gilmerfreepress.net/index.php/fpopin/disparate_impact_claims_essential_for_justice/
Grassroots Press http://www.grass-roots-press.com/2015/07/03/war-speaks-every-language-but-never-knows-what-to-say-to-frogs/
Newberry Observer http://newberryobserver.com/opinion/706/disparate-impact-claims-essential-for-justice
Newberry Observer http://newberryobserver.com/opinion/columns/960/disparate-impact-claims-essential-for-justice-2
Herald Independent http://heraldindependent.com/opinion/editorials/358/disparate-impact-claims-essential-for-justice
Date: July 1,2,3,4,7,8,16,August 19,2015
By Laura Finley
The Supreme Court has often rejected statistical evidence in support of disparate impact claims. For instance, in McKleskey v. Kemp, held that the significant body of research showing the racially disproportionate impact of Georgia's death penalty was inadequate to overturn that state's system of capital punishment. The court held that the ownership for proving that someone was a victim of discrimination fell on the petitioner, who must provide "exceptionally clear proof" of discrimination in his or her case. Likewise, in civil law, the court ruled in Washington v. Davis that laws that have a racially discriminatory effect, but which the plaintiff cannot demonstrate were enacted with the intent to discriminate, are not unconstitutional. It is nearly impossible to prove someone meant to discriminate against you, barring obvious statements of intent to which petitioners generally do not have access. Legal scholars have named McKleskey one of the worst Supreme Court decisions post World War II, and others call it "the Dred Scott of our time." Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow, maintains that the refusal to recognize statistical data as evidence of discrimination has inoculated the criminal justice system from both judicial and public scrutiny. It has essentially affirmed that racial discrimination in the courts is inevitable and thus acceptable. In fact, in McKleskey several justices admitted they were fearful of accepting the statistical evidence, lest it open the door for other claims of racial discrimination in criminal justice, or what Justice Brennan claimed in his dissent…the Court was afraid of "too much justice."
In its recent decision the Court did limit disparate-impact claims to cases where a law or policy raises "artificial, arbitrary, and unnecessary barriers." Lower courts thus have a lot of leeway to interpret whether disparate impact is the result of those barriers or other factors. Further, the Court held that statistical evidence alone is not enough—plaintiffs must also be able to prove that it was the specific law or policy that was the cause of the impact.
Nonetheless, this ruling potentially sets a precedent for using disparate impact claims to address discrimination outside of housing. Advocates hope that it can be used in employment discrimination cases, in cases in which someone was discriminated against based on their genetic data, and in cases involving the effects, or "collateral consequences" of incarceration on women, who often suffer disproportionately from policies that denied formerly incarcerated persons food stamps or certain types of jobs. I hope it now reopens the door for hearing disparate impact claims about the death penalty, as even more research studies have been conducted since the decision in McKleskey that show a racially discriminatory effect. For instance, a 2014 study by Katherine Beckett of the University of Washington found that jurors in that state were three times more likely to recommend death sentences for black defendants than for white ones, and Amnesty International has pointed out that more than 20 percent of black defendants who were executed were convicted by all-white juries.
The Court may finally be recognizing that parsing out intent and effect are not so easy, and may not be at all what is required for justice to prevail.
Laura Finley, Ph.D., teaches in the Barry University Department of Sociology & Criminology and is syndicated by PeaceVoice.
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Many dance schools and professional dancers recognise the value of Pilates as a training method for developing core strength, technique and connection with their bodies.
Practising Pilates builds strong, flexible muscles with the strength to move fast and the endurance to sustain slow moves.
It's also complimentary in style to dance, with a precise and mindful focus on making the resistance of your body weight look effortless as you flow from move to move.
Why is a strong core important for dancers?
Your 'core' essentially joins your upper body to your lower body, so it's about far more than just strong abdominals. Pilates exercises teach the muscles of your lower back, pelvis, abdominals and hips to work together in a balanced way. These deep muscles are often underdeveloped in dance classes and the patterns of movement within the pilates repertoire will enhance your technique and performance.
Cross training to strengthen and condition your muscles is vital, so you are able to withstand intense training periods. Cross training also helps build resilience in your ligaments, tendons, muscles (soft tissues) to reduce your risk of injury. Pilates exercises 'strengthen and lengthen' your muscles, so they're an ideal way for dancers to reap the benefits of cross training, without bulking up.
Dancers regularly dance a combination of movements only on one side, especially in the corps de ballet, this can result in asymmetrical muscle development that may set you up for injury in the future. Practising Pilates exercises using equipment, like a reformer bed, is particularly helpful for dancers as the resistance of the equipment means that it's far more difficult (and obvious) when stronger muscle groups on one side of your body try to take over, forcing you to move in a more balanced, symmetrical way.
Sit with your legs out straight and your arms in front of you.
Breathe out and slide your tailbone underneath, so your lower back curves and lower your spine down to the floor bone by bone.
Breathe in and lift your arms to 90 degrees, breathe out to lift your head and reach through your fingers tips to peel your spine off the floor, one bone at a time.
Tips: Keep your legs on the floor and keep your thighs tight to the bone. Don't swing your arms or use momentum to get up again, it's better to work on a variation of this exercise at a lower level to establish the control first.
Pilates is a great way for dancers to exercise and avoid or rehab from injury. Many professionals attribute a longer career with their pilates practice and go on to teach pilates themselves when they retire from dance. At this level is strongly advised to have a private session before going into a class to ensure you have a bespoke program of exercises specifically to complement your dance style and individual issues.


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Q: a question about complexity of Boolean problem I was thinking in solving the following problem for the general case :
**) Given a list of pairs $((n_i, A_i))_{i=1}^k$, where for each $i$ we have that $n_i $ is a non-negative integer, and $A_i$ is a set, does there exist a set $A$ such that $|A\cap A_i|=n_i$?
Example 1 : Given as an input the list : $(3, \{a,b,c\}), (4, \{a,b,c,d,e,f\}), (2, \{a,b,c,d\})$ the answer will be negative, because from the first set we are forced to take all the 3 elements $a$,$b$ and $c$ but from the last set we must take just 2 elements but it's already containing 3 elements that we forced to pick.
Example 2 : Given as an input the list : $(2, \{a,b,c\}), (3, \{a,b,c,d\}), (4, \{a,b,c,d,e,f\})$
the answer is positive, for instance we can pick $\{a,b,d,f\}$.
My question is : is the General case of this problem solvable in Exp,SubExp,Quasi-Poly,Poly time ? space ?

A: The problem is visibly in NP, as we can check in polynomial time whether a given set $A$ is a correct witness.
In fact, the problem is NP-complete, and one can show this by reduction from the NP-complete problem 1-in-3-SAT: given a 3-CNF in variables $x_1,\dots,x_n$ with clauses $C_1,\dots,C_m$, we reduce it to the list
$$(1,\{x_1,\overline{x_1}\}),\dots,(1,\{x_n,\overline{x_n}\}),(1,C_1),\dots,(1,C_m).$$
(The clauses $C_i$ are here treated as subsets of the $2n$-element set of literals $\{x_1,\dots,x_n,\overline{x_1},\dots,\overline{x_n}\}$.)
The problem remains NP-complete when restricted to the case where all $n_i=1$, and all the sets $A_i$ have three elements. The reduction above almost achieves this, except that some of the sets have only two elements. This is easy to fix: for example, we may replace a two-element set $(1,\{a,b\})$ with the input $(1,\{a,b,u\}),(1,\{a,b,v\}),(1,\{u,v,w\})$ where $u,v,w$ are three new elements.

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Unfortunately, Henselite have stopped manufacturing crown green bowls in Australia. The Crown Green Bowler Discount Centre, because of customer demand, have purchased as much of the remaining stock as possible. Henselite developed the 21st Century model to a similar shape as Drakes Pride crown green bowls, with the added option of the Super Grip. The 21st Century crown green bowl is competitively priced, and performs well against other leading brands. So hurry and buy while stocks last, once they're gone, they're gone!


text:
Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990
Caitlin Drummond, Baruch Fischhoff
CLAS-SS: Human Evolution and Social Change, School of (SHESC)
Recent research has suggested that individuals with greater science literacy and education hold more polarized views on religiously and politically polarized scientific topics, such as human evolution and climate change (Drummond and Fischhoff 2017). We ask whether such a pattern is observed in public attitudes toward scientific controversies of a previous era. In secondary analyses of a major national survey, we examine social and individual factors associated with attitudes toward scientific controversies in the period 1979–1990. Our source is the National Science Foundation's nationally representative Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology, which asked about public attitudes toward nuclear power, food additives, genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, the Big Bang, and human/dinosaur co-occurrence. Despite some inconsistency in the measurement of key variables, the data reveal consistent relationships within topics and across survey-years: political ideology predicted polarization of attitudes toward nuclear power, while religiosity predicted polarization of attitudes toward genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, and the Big Bang. Unlike results from more recent surveys, respondents with more education and greater scientific knowledge were no more polarized by politics or religion, with the possible exception of attitudes toward human evolution. Our findings suggest the importance of historical context in interpreting public responses to science and technology issues.
Journal of Risk Research
Scientific controversies
science literacy
Social Sciences(all)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Public Attitudes Business & Economics
public attitudes Social Sciences
Genetic engineering Engineering & Materials Science
genetic engineering Social Sciences
Genetic Engineering Business & Economics
nuclear power Social Sciences
Nuclear energy Engineering & Materials Science
polarization Social Sciences
Drummond, C., & Fischhoff, B. (2020). Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990. Journal of Risk Research, 23(10), 1318-1335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1646313
Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990. / Drummond, Caitlin; Fischhoff, Baruch.
In: Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 23, No. 10, 2020, p. 1318-1335.
Drummond, C & Fischhoff, B 2020, 'Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990', Journal of Risk Research, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1318-1335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1646313
Drummond C, Fischhoff B. Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990. Journal of Risk Research. 2020;23(10):1318-1335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1646313
Drummond, Caitlin ; Fischhoff, Baruch. / Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990. In: Journal of Risk Research. 2020 ; Vol. 23, No. 10. pp. 1318-1335.
@article{ca54abd26b5a45e19a3cbea769532807,
title = "Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990",
abstract = "Recent research has suggested that individuals with greater science literacy and education hold more polarized views on religiously and politically polarized scientific topics, such as human evolution and climate change (Drummond and Fischhoff 2017). We ask whether such a pattern is observed in public attitudes toward scientific controversies of a previous era. In secondary analyses of a major national survey, we examine social and individual factors associated with attitudes toward scientific controversies in the period 1979–1990. Our source is the National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s nationally representative Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology, which asked about public attitudes toward nuclear power, food additives, genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, the Big Bang, and human/dinosaur co-occurrence. Despite some inconsistency in the measurement of key variables, the data reveal consistent relationships within topics and across survey-years: political ideology predicted polarization of attitudes toward nuclear power, while religiosity predicted polarization of attitudes toward genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, and the Big Bang. Unlike results from more recent surveys, respondents with more education and greater scientific knowledge were no more polarized by politics or religion, with the possible exception of attitudes toward human evolution. Our findings suggest the importance of historical context in interpreting public responses to science and technology issues.",
keywords = "Scientific controversies, science communication, science literacy",
author = "Caitlin Drummond and Baruch Fischhoff",
note = "Funding Information: We used a nationally representative survey, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, to assess the ideological, educational, and demographic factors related to Americans{\textquoteright} attitudes toward controversial science in the years 1979–1990. Despite variation in how factors and attitudes were measured, the issue-level relationships between these attitudes and various predictors were remarkably stable across years. As in recent surveys, we find that some of those attitudes are correlated with political or religious identity, or both ( Table 7 , Columns 1 and 2). We observed little evidence for the interactions between political and religious identity and education/knowledge observed in more recent studies ( Table 7 , Column 3); those interactions that we did observe were associated with small effect sizes. ",
journal = "Journal of Risk Research",
T1 - Predictors of public attitudes toward controversial science 1979–1990
AU - Drummond, Caitlin
AU - Fischhoff, Baruch
N1 - Funding Information: We used a nationally representative survey, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, to assess the ideological, educational, and demographic factors related to Americans' attitudes toward controversial science in the years 1979–1990. Despite variation in how factors and attitudes were measured, the issue-level relationships between these attitudes and various predictors were remarkably stable across years. As in recent surveys, we find that some of those attitudes are correlated with political or religious identity, or both ( Table 7 , Columns 1 and 2). We observed little evidence for the interactions between political and religious identity and education/knowledge observed in more recent studies ( Table 7 , Column 3); those interactions that we did observe were associated with small effect sizes.
N2 - Recent research has suggested that individuals with greater science literacy and education hold more polarized views on religiously and politically polarized scientific topics, such as human evolution and climate change (Drummond and Fischhoff 2017). We ask whether such a pattern is observed in public attitudes toward scientific controversies of a previous era. In secondary analyses of a major national survey, we examine social and individual factors associated with attitudes toward scientific controversies in the period 1979–1990. Our source is the National Science Foundation's nationally representative Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology, which asked about public attitudes toward nuclear power, food additives, genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, the Big Bang, and human/dinosaur co-occurrence. Despite some inconsistency in the measurement of key variables, the data reveal consistent relationships within topics and across survey-years: political ideology predicted polarization of attitudes toward nuclear power, while religiosity predicted polarization of attitudes toward genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, and the Big Bang. Unlike results from more recent surveys, respondents with more education and greater scientific knowledge were no more polarized by politics or religion, with the possible exception of attitudes toward human evolution. Our findings suggest the importance of historical context in interpreting public responses to science and technology issues.
AB - Recent research has suggested that individuals with greater science literacy and education hold more polarized views on religiously and politically polarized scientific topics, such as human evolution and climate change (Drummond and Fischhoff 2017). We ask whether such a pattern is observed in public attitudes toward scientific controversies of a previous era. In secondary analyses of a major national survey, we examine social and individual factors associated with attitudes toward scientific controversies in the period 1979–1990. Our source is the National Science Foundation's nationally representative Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology, which asked about public attitudes toward nuclear power, food additives, genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, the Big Bang, and human/dinosaur co-occurrence. Despite some inconsistency in the measurement of key variables, the data reveal consistent relationships within topics and across survey-years: political ideology predicted polarization of attitudes toward nuclear power, while religiosity predicted polarization of attitudes toward genetic engineering, space exploration, human evolution, and the Big Bang. Unlike results from more recent surveys, respondents with more education and greater scientific knowledge were no more polarized by politics or religion, with the possible exception of attitudes toward human evolution. Our findings suggest the importance of historical context in interpreting public responses to science and technology issues.
KW - Scientific controversies
KW - science communication
KW - science literacy
JO - Journal of Risk Research
JF - Journal of Risk Research

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text:
How A California Supreme Court Ruling Changed Independent Contractors
By Kyle Buis September 7, 2018 at 9:45 pm
SACRAMENTO (CBS13) — A ruling by the California Supreme Court changed the way independent contractors are classified in California, making it much more difficult for employers to put employees under that label.
Dynamex Operations West v Superior Court of Los Angeles dates back to 2004 when Dynamex changed the status of its delivery drivers from employees to independent contractors. The employees filed suit when they say their work didn't really change or justify the reclassification.
The California Supreme Court ruling in April changed the way independent contractors are classified.
The biggest hurdle in the case is that there is no set definition of what an "independent contractor" is in California law. As a result, it's relied on interpretations and previous court ruling. Until the April 2018 ruling, the state relied on a previous California Supreme Court decision S.G. Borello & Sons, Inc. v Dept. of Industrial Relations (1989).
The Borello case established that there was "strong evidence in support of an employment relationship is the right to discharge at will without cause." More factors were considered, but not all of them had to be met to determine whether a worker was an independent contractor or an employee, or as stated by the court: "Generally, … the individual factors cannot be applied mechanically as separate tests; they are intertwined and their weight depends often on particular combinations."
(a) whether the one performing services is engaged in a distinct occupation or business;
(b) the kind of occupation, with reference to whether, in the locality, the work is usually done under the direction of the principal or by a specialist without supervision; (
c) the skill required in the particular occupation;
(d) whether the principal or the worker supplies the instrumentalities, tools, and the place of work for the person doing the work;
(e) the length of time for which the services are to be performed;
(f) the method of payment, whether by the time or by the job;
(g) whether or not the work is a part of the regular business of the principal; and
(h) whether or not the parties believe they are creating the relationship of employer-employee.
The April 2018 court ruling now says workers are assumed to be employees unless all three of these factors can be proven:
(A) that the worker is free from the control and direction of the hirer in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of such work and in fact;
(B) that the worker performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity's business; and
(C) that the worker is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business of the same nature as the work performed for the hiring entity.


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The Selle Valley Carden School team consists of four amazing teachers who share the joy of learning with the students. Our staff is highly qualified, meeting the teaching requirements from the Carden Foundation and each is certified in first aid and early education qualifications. Each teacher attends ongoing, continuing education classes to ensure they are continuing to improve their teaching skills.
I am a native of Sandpoint, the oldest of four children and was raised on the ranch where Selle Valley Carden School is located. I feel very fortunate to give to the students some of what I enjoyed as a child.
I attended NIC where I received my Child Development Associates Certificate. I love that I am able to grow up with my students, work closely with parents, and bring structured lessons that follow the specific interests of our class into the already highly individualized Carden Curriculum. Watching the children grow throughout the years and seeing their amazement and excitement makes me confident that I have made a positive difference in each of their lives. I am honored to have this opportunity as a teacher.
I spent my childhood playing and working hard on the very ranch that Selle Valley Carden School sits on. I grew up exploring the outdoors, always looking for a new adventure, and could only imagine what our next discovery would be. Today I get to share some of that with my students.
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I graduated from Boise State University in 2005 with a Bachelors Degree in Social Work. Since having my first child in 2008, I have found a joy in teaching and unlocking the potential of children. I am very excited about the Carden curriculum and look forward to watching your child bloom!


text:
Excluding lawmakers under 14th Amendment no easy task
It may not be the tool some Democrats think it is to use against members who voted against certifying Biden's election results
Workers hang flags Monday on the West Front facade for the inauguration as a man carries an "impeach" sign past the Capitol. (Bill Clark/CQ Roll Call)
By Michael Macagnone
In the days following a violent attack on the Capitol by supporters of President Donald Trump, Democrats have increasingly called for repercussions against members of Congress who backed his efforts to overturn the results of the November election.
Most of the partisan ire has focused on the more than 140 Republicans who voted against certifying President-elect Joe Biden's victory.
"They have violated the 14th Amendment," freshman Rep. Cori Bush, D-Mo., said on Twitter, pushing to expel lawmakers who voted against certification. "We can't have unity without accountability."
However, the primary tool Democrats have discussed — a clause of the post-Civil War 14th Amendment — may not provide the outlet they're looking for.
The third clause of the 14th Amendment provides Congress with the power to exclude representatives who "shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion … or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof."
Simply voting against certification of the electoral college doesn't meet that bar, according to Indiana University Law School professor Gerard Magliocca.
"My view is the members who voted against the certification didn't do anything unlawful or unconstitutional," Magliocca said. "People might not like it, and they can be criticized for doing that, but I don't see it as grounds for an exclusion or an expulsion."
However, if lawmakers participated in the rally before the attack on the Capitol or communicated with the rioters, that would change the calculus, he said.
Assessing a representative's actions outside the vote becomes more nuanced, said University of Pennsylvania law professor Kermit Roosevelt. There may be a difference between a lawmaker tweeting specific information that potentially puts another member in danger and Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., raising a fist in support of the crowd.
"The question then is: Did they cross the line in terms of participating?" Roosevelt said. "Someone who tweets out the location of the Speaker of the House is arguably participating. Someone who raises a fist in support of the protesters is not participating."
Magliocca also pointed out that Congress has never tried to use the 14th Amendment to expel a member, and one who is "excluded" under that amendment could have a case in court. The Supreme Court has not ruled on the constitutionality of an exclusion under the amendment, or on the interaction with Congress' separate power to expel a member through a two-thirds vote.
Congress has never expelled a member and then excluded that person under the third clause of the 14th Amendment, uses of which has mainly been limited to denying former members of the Confederacy seats in Congress after the Civil War. In 1898, Congress passed a statute ending the exclusion of members for that purpose.
Congress last used the 14th Amendment to exclude a member in 1919 and 1920, when the House refused to seat Victor Berger for his opposition to American involvement in World War I. A socialist, Berger was convicted under the Espionage Act before the Supreme Court overturned the conviction.
After his exclusion, Berger eventually won the seat again and the House allowed him to serve. Berger eventually served three terms.


Knowing that a personal budget can help you avoid financial strife is one thing, but understanding exactly what your budget should include is something else. As financial experts like Positive Solutions Finance know, the most successful financial budgets are as inclusive as possible. Essentially this means that every way you receive and spend money should be included in your budget.
What areas must be included in a successful personal budget?
A personal budget will never be successful or effective if you do not record the amount of money coming in – your income. The figure that is recorded for your income should include the pay you take home, as well as any other sources of income, including: rental income and payments from trust funds.
In this area of your budget, it is imperative that you include only money that you know comes to you regularly. To help you forecast accurately, review your tax return from the previous year.
Very often, your biggest expenses are fixed and this makes them quite easy to track. Expenses of this type may include rent or mortgage payments, strata fees, a range of different insurance policies and payments for debts such as car loans.
In this section of your budget, it is relevant to include expenses such as the cost of telecommunications packages, childcare, and premiums for life insurance.
When budgeting for expenses that are regularly incurred, it's important to get an accurate picture of the total expense incurred over a year. This can be averaged to give you an amount per month.
Regular expenses may include payments for utilities such as: electricity, gas, heating and water. If you make regular donations to charities or pay monthly for memberships (such as a gym membership), these expenses must also be included.
To understand your spending on areas such as food, repairs and maintenance for cars and the home, your spending across a few months should be reviewed. With an idea of these costs, it is possible to arrive at a monthly average for each area of expense.
Perhaps you are well aware that a major repair will soon be necessary or that something will soon need to be replaced. If this is the case, you have the opportunity and foresight to save up in advance.
While they may seem financially less significant, the costs of items such as clothing, movie tickets and a coffee here and there definitely add up over time. These are the kind of expenses that are quite easy to forget when formulating a budget.
To budget accurately, you need to estimate the amounts spent on entertainment, clothing and other expenses which may be classified as fun or optional.
Any savings and other types of investment must also be itemised in your budget. For example, if you make contributions to your superannuation, deposits in other investment accounts or savings of any other kind, be sure to include them in your budget.
In fact, by specifically itemising them in your budget, your commitment to investment and saving can be strengthened.
A personal budget is an important tool for achieving financial freedom. However, to make your budget as successful and effective as possible, it's vital to include specific ingredients and ensure that the amounts recorded against these are informed by accurate information.


text:
Sotto defends 'tongue in cheek' remark on Chinese, PH fish
Dharel Placido, ABS-CBN News
Posted at Jun 27 2019 03:57 PM
MANILA - Senate President Vicente Sotto III on Thursday described as "tongue in cheek" his controversial remark defending President Rodrigo Duterte's pronouncement that Chinese fishers can venture into waters where Manila has exclusive rights over natural resources.
Sotto drew flak online after saying that the "exclusivity" of marine resources is hard determine because "it's under water."
"The fish could be coming from China and the fish from the Philippines could be going to China," he told ANC.
Addressing criticisms on his statement, Sotto told reporters: "My comments on WPS [West Philippine Sea] and its resources was a tongue in cheek statement. Sadly konti lang nakaintindi."
(My comments on the West Philippine Sea and its resources was a tongue-in-cheek statement. Sadly, only a few understood.)
Sotto told ANC he sees no problem with Duterte allowing Chinese fishers within the Philippines' 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), "as long as we're allowed to fish also in their zones... because they will treat us as friends likewise."
Under the Constitution, all resources in the EEZ should only be for Filipinos, Jay Batongbacal, director of the University of the Philippines (UP) Institute for Maritime Affairs and Law of the Sea, earlier said.
Tension between Manila and Beijing recently reignited after a Chinese vessel hit a Filipino fishing boat last June in Reed Bank (Recto Bank), which is located within the Philippines' EEZ.
Twenty-two Filipino fishermen were left at sea by the Chinese crew after the boat sunk. They were later rescued by a Vietnamese vessel. An investigation is underway to determine whether the allision was intentional.
Duterte has downplayed the incident, prompting outrage from critics who want Manila to stand up to Chinese aggression.
Competing claims over the South China Sea are a point of regional contention because trillions of dollars of goods pass through it, and rich petroleum reserves are thought to sit deep beneath its waters.
Tito Sotto, South China Sea, Reed Bank, Recto Bank, Exclusive Economic Zone, UNCLOS, West Philippine Sea, sea dispute, EEZ, fishing
Read More: Tito Sotto South China Sea Reed Bank Recto Bank Exclusive Economic Zone UNCLOS West Philippine Sea sea dispute EEZ fishing


text:
RanchEnterprises LTD
Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II
Across Hwy 90 From Langtry, TX an Hour West of Del Rio
64 Lots Available
The Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II is the newest West Texas Ranch on the market! Thick green draws with mesquite and cedar roll into pristine hilltops with unlimited 360 degree views. The wildlife on the Osman Canyon Ranch is second to none and includes Whitetail Deer, Aoudad, Turkey, Dove, Quail and the occasional Mule Deer. Access to Osman Canyon Ranch is behind a locked gate off of a maintained county road directly across highway 90 from Langtry, Tx. Four wheel drive is not needed and all the property corners are easily visible. A community watering station is available for all property owners to fill up any water containers or totes. The ranch has a proven track record over the years of great hunting and a robust deer population. Owner financing is available with 5% down and no credit check. Military and first responder discounts are available as well. Call today to set up a time to view the unique Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II! *Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II is not for sale until final plat approval from Val Verde County Commissioners Court*
Lots & Prices
View Survey Plat
Lot Name Total Acres Total Price
1 - ELECTRICITY 133.2 $146,466 - PENDING JT 1/7
2 194.9 $193,892
3 52.7 $52,463
7 - WELL/ELECTRICITY 177.0 $221,259
9 - WELL/ELECTRICITY 55.8 $69,764
10 55.5 $55,198
11 115.4 $114,825
16 53.4 $53,090 - PENDING BP 11/26
17 - SHARED WELL 51.5 $69,375 - PENDING BP 11/26
22 81.2 $80,774 - PENDING LR 10/23
29 71.9 $71,518 - PENDING BP 12/4
41 100.2 $99,671
48 90.8 $90,365 - PENDING LR 1/8
58 - SHARED WELL 99.6 $124,500
59 69.1 $68,788 - PENDING BP 1/14
60 - SHARED WELL 77.0 $95,490
62 85.88 $85,451 - PENDING DH 12/30
Thick draws of cedar and mesquite giving way to rocky hillsides and hilltops with unlimited views
Community water station is available to all property owners
Judge Roy Bean Museum is less than a mile from the entrance to the Osman Canyon Ranch. Langtry, Tx is across Hwy 90 with a general store of essentials
Grazing Lease
Legal & Restrictions
RESTRICTIONS AND COVENANTS
The property in the Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II, as recorded in the plat records of Val Verde County, Texas, is subject to the covenants hereby made by the developer, (Seller), to-wit:
1. That these covenants are to run with the land and shall be binding on the Purchaser and all persons claiming under him. Purchaser understands that these restrictions and covenants are filed in the Real Property Records of Val Verde County, Texas.
2. Hunting of all kinds for all game or other animals, whether on foot or by vehicle, is prohibited on or from roads in Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II. That the above property herein shall not be used for commercial or day lease hunting nor any manufacturing purposes including the mining or harvesting of rock in any shape or form. There exists a grazing lease on this property. Purchaser understands that livestock may be present on his land and that sources of water on his land that existed when the property was purchased may be used for said livestock. Purchaser has no obligation to continue this lease and may cancel the lease on his property by constructing fencing that meets local standards and is adequate to keep Lessee's livestock off his property and then giving Lessee 30 days advance notice that he wishes to not participate in the lease. If Purchaser desires to remove or alter any existing fences on his property Lessee shall be notified in advance in order to maintain control of the livestock.
3. That no automobile, truck, trailer, or other vehicle shall be abandoned on this property, nor shall there be any dumping or placing of unsightly objects of any kind on the property.
4. That no structure of any kind or temporary camp sites (including hunting blinds and/or deer feeders) shall be permitted within 100 feet of any property line. All fencing must be thirty (30) feet from the centerline of all main access roads.
5. No noxious or offensive activity shall be carried on upon any tract nor shall anything be done thereon which may be or become an annoyance or nuisance to any adjoining tract. No tract shall be maintained or utilized in such a manner as to violate any applicable statute, ordinance or regulation of the United States of America, the State of Texas, the County of Val Verde, if applicable, or any other governmental agency having jurisdiction thereof.
6. Discharge of sewage from an RV, home or cabin on your property is strictly prohibited and illegal unless it is discharged into a permitted septic system (On Site Sewage Facility - OSSF) installed by a licensed installer.
7. Not more than one residence shall be permitted on any tract. No communal residences shall be permitted.
8. RV's, travel trailers and tents may not be used as primary residences but only for temporary use. Tents must be dismantled and stored when not in active daily use. All RV's, travel trailers and tents must adhere to setback requirements.
9. That no commercial swine operation shall be permitted.
10. PURCHASER agrees not to impede the flow of water in and to existing water lines, tanks, or troughs that are on his property and grants ingress and egress to persons who need to maintain said improvements and wells which furnish water to the lines, tanks or troughs. Only those Purchasers who own an interest in an existing well shall have the right to use water from said well unless water use is granted by the owners of the well. Seller will not furnish water to any existing water troughs or tanks.
11. That no tract may be subdivided without the express written consent of the SELLER. This restriction will not prevent the Texas Veteran's Land Board (TVLB) from deeding a tract to a veteran for the purpose of a home site.
12. PURCHASER hereby authorizes SELLER and/or Assigns to charge each property owner a maintenance fee of $0.25 per acre, per year, not to exceed $300 to improve and maintain entrances, roads, community wells, water lines, storage tanks and any other maintenance deemed necessary by the SELLER and/or Assigns in the Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II Subdivision. Such charge shall not be assessed against SELLER and/or Assigns. Such charge shall be made by direct billing to the property owner. If PURCHASER refuses to make said payments, PURCHASER hereby authorizes SELLER, at SELLER's option, to deduct such charge from payments made by PURCHASER, and any such charge so deducted will not be credited to the payment on the balance due on the purchase price, principal or interest. It is understood and agreed that this road maintenance charge (if not paid within 60 days of billing date) shall become a lien against the tract being conveyed, permitting SELLER and/or Assigns such rights to enforce said liens as may be set forth in Sec. 51.002 of the Texas Property Code, as amended time to time.
13. That at such time as SELLER may determine at his sole discretion, the SELLER shall have the authority but not the obligation to notify each tract owner of the time, date, and a place of a meeting of all tract owners to be held for the purpose of organizing a Property Owner's Association. A majority of the votes of the tract owners in attendance at such meetings or by written proxy shall be sufficient to transact business at such meeting. Each tract owner, including SELLER, attending or represented by written proxy at such meetings shall have one vote for each tract owned by such owner on all business to come before the meeting. Upon the creation and organization of such organization, as non-profit corporation, or otherwise, SELLER shall transfer and assign to the association the current balance of the road improvement and maintenance, if any. Thereafter such association shall have the power, authority and obligation to maintain the roadways of the development and collect the road maintenance assessment. All such assessments upon any tract in the development shall become the personal obligation of the owners of such tract and such association is hereby granted a lien upon each lot to secure the payments of such assessments, permitting said association such rights to enforce said liens as may be set forth in Sec. 51.002 of the Texas Property Code, as amended time to time. It is understood that SELLER, or SELLER'S assigns, shall not be responsible for paying this assessment under any circumstances. In the event a lien has been placed on property to secure the payment of assessments and that property is repossessed or otherwise transferred to SELLER it is understood that all such liens will be released.
14. No deviation of any kind shall be permitted from these restrictions unless permission is granted in writing by the SELLER.
Call or email to learn more about
Osman Canyon Ranch Phase II sam@ranchenterprisesltd.com
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text:
Q: What is a connectivity request? I am trying to diagnose a network problem and noticed that my computer is communicating with an IP address that I'd like to understand.  First, all apps on the desktop were closed so the only thing I have open is my terminal window which is doing nothing but running wireshark.
The computer continuously is communicating with Google at 35.224.99.156 and it says connectivity-check.unbuntu.com.  But a whois on the ip shows Google as the owner.
On a side note:  My router keeps pinging my computer over and over again.  Is that normal?


Hi,Maulome Padonu,thank you for your lovely response.I too feel the same But don't you feel sometimes you miss the person?
LDR also has a disadvantage. Each partner are given the opportunity to cheat one another. Taken from my friend's experience, when couple suddenly tries to live together after a long time long distance relationship, they get overwhelmed and shocked of each others' behavior and then it becomes awkward. I think it should be balanced. Well, this is for couples. Nice post by the way.
Yeah… I get to miss him. Then, we will plan to hook up.
Great! That's the spirit !
I guess it is all depends on what type of relationship you want. Is it intimate or platonic, both can work out if its a commitment you are willing to take.
Yes Irrespective of the type of the relationship, commitment is important.
I agree, commitment is important.
I should have added in my comment above that I am comfortable with long distant.
I feel long distance relationship is beautiful especially if the friends don't know each other by face and meet regularly by chatting( as in social media chat),and they are not interested in video chats.
It is a different matter in case of couples/partners.
Thank you Iyarkaiyin Isai,you beautifully explained and solved the puzzle.The quote is a bit scarring but apt for this situation.
I feel long distance relationship is beautiful…..all the more if the two people don't know each other before they become friends via online chat and continue the long distant relationships.
Have a good day friend !
It's fun too!. Thank you my friend.
Long distance is great for freedom. It would be great to have that in a relationship with someone close by. Yet sometimes it gets too entangled. Still working through it. It takes a lot of trust to continue long term depending on how serious and intimate it gets.
Very true.I feel long distant relationship is better any day .Yes trust is the single most important thing.Hello Jordy thank you so much for stopping by.
Both have their pros and cons. Clingyness is more in short distance talks whereas lack of communication exists more in long distance and also interest in the other person fizzles out most often in long distance talks. But still I prefer long distance.
Fun should be the important component I believe in.Thank you Savitha.
They both have benefits but long distance can definitely work if you both make the effort to make it work.
So many people in the comments favouring long distance, I think it requires a lot more effort to make LDR work, and I'm not sure how many are willing to put that extra effort. Nowadays.
Thank you Pallavi Gupta,I agree,looks now a days no body has time to sustain it and also people can change over the time due to other circumstances.
It would depend on the nature of the relationship, and the people involved.
Yes Kalliope.I think People involved is more important.
Next What's a love without a tragedy !


text:
Q: Add Spearman Correlation Coefficient and RMSE in a plot, and change the plot size I've got the following dataset:
structure(list(Count = 1:14, GW = c(0.08, 0.04, 0.35, 0.54, 0.39,
0.94, 0.51, 0.01, 0.44, 0.63, 0.14, 0.79, 0.43, 0.73), Pz1 = c(-2.459826614,
-2.905007821, -2.241113224, -1.549264338, -1.761962438, -1.282612221,
-0.428828702, 1.659042479, 2.63518648, 3.076022461, 1.886216859,
0.124473561, -1.025720789, -1.969461882), Pz2 = c(-2.916090168,
-3.262459435, -2.455396094, -1.488106654, -0.417171756, -1.781014095,
-0.605012986, 1.037062685, 1.977265974, 2.587846362, 2.499228916,
1.0852274, -0.503736287, -1.829562138), Pz3 = c(-2.507944967,
-3.718722989, -2.812847708, -1.702389524, -0.356014073, -0.436223413,
-1.10341486, 0.860878402, 1.355286181, 1.929925855, 2.011052817,
1.698239458, 0.457017552, -1.307577636), Pz4 = c(-2.526729696,
-3.310577787, -3.269111262, -2.059841138, -0.570296943, -0.375065729,
0.241375822, 0.362476528, 1.179101897, 1.307946062, 1.35313231,
1.210063358, 1.07002961, -0.346823797), Pz5 = c(-3.284551238,
-3.329362517, -2.86096606, -2.516104692, -0.927748557, -0.5893486,
0.302533506, 1.70726721, 0.680700023, 1.131761778, 0.731152517,
0.552142851, 0.58185351, 0.266188261), Pz6 = c(-4.011896321,
-4.087184059, -2.87975079, -2.107959491, -1.38401211, -0.946800213,
0.088250636, 1.768424893, 2.025490705, 0.633359905, 0.554968233,
-0.069836942, -0.076066996, -0.221987839), Pz7 = c(-4.769878994,
-4.814529142, -3.637572331, -2.12674422, -0.975866909, -1.403063767,
-0.269200978, 1.554142023, 2.086648388, 1.978150587, 0.05656636,
-0.246021225, -0.698046789, -0.879908346)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-14L))

And I am running this code to automatically save the plots in a folder:
library(tidyverse)
library(ggplot2)
#~~~ step 1: transform the data from 'wide' format to 'long' format ~~~

my_data %>%
    pivot_longer(names_to = 'key', values_to = 'value',-c(Count, GW)) %>%
    {. ->> my_data_long}

#~~~ step 2: write a function to plot the data and save the plot ~~~

saveplot_function <- function(i){

     my_plot <- my_data_long %>%

      filter(
        key == i
      ) %>%

     ggplot(aes(x=Count)) +
       geom_line(aes(y = scale(GW)), color = "blue") +
       geom_line(aes(y = scale(value)), color="red") +
          ylab(i)
          ggsave(paste0('my_location/my_folder/', i, '.png'))
  }

#~~~ step 3: loop through all the values of 'key' (column names in the wide format data) ~~~

 for(i in unique(my_data_long$key)){

    saveplot_function(i)

  }

This code does the job, but I'd need to add a box (or just the text) showing the Spearman Correlation Coefficient and the RMSE for each plot (or better say for the two time series displayed within each plot).
Also, the plots are saved in a squared shape, and I would like them to be rectangular instead.
Something like this would be great:

Could you kindly help me to rewrite the code accordingly? I am not an R expert at all and this code has been modified from an old code that someone kindly wrote for me ( and it took me ages to make it work for the purpose I am using it for), so I would very much appreciate it if you could rewrite it (sorry!).
Additionally, as you can see from the code above, I used scale(). What I am trying to do is to standardise the plotted data using Z-Scores (i.e., Z = (x - mean(x)) / Standard_Deviation(x) ). Can you kindly confirm (or reject) that scale() standardises the time series using Z-Scores?

A: I am a little unclear about some parts of your question, but hopefully this will help. According to the documentation, scale() does the z-score transformation with numeric data because the center value is the mean and the scale value is the standard deviation.
Adding text to the plot can be done with annotate() and providing text and coordinates. I used two separate annotations, one for correlation that also used bquote() to get the Greek letter rho and the other for RMSE. I used the max values of GW, Value, and Count to anchor the text. This might need to be refined. I also computed the RMSE and correlation of the unscaled series.
A sample plot are provided below. I would check to make sure that things are being calculated the way you expect.

my_data = structure(list(Count = 1:14, GW = c(0.08, 0.04, 0.35, 0.54, 0.39,
                                    0.94, 0.51, 0.01, 0.44, 0.63, 0.14, 0.79, 0.43, 0.73),
               Pz1 = c(-2.459826614, -2.905007821, -2.241113224, -1.549264338, -1.761962438, -1.282612221,
                       -0.428828702, 1.659042479, 2.63518648, 3.076022461, 1.886216859,0.124473561, -1.025720789, -1.969461882),
               Pz2 = c(-2.916090168,-3.262459435, -2.455396094, -1.488106654, -0.417171756, -1.781014095,
                       -0.605012986, 1.037062685, 1.977265974, 2.587846362, 2.499228916,1.0852274, -0.503736287, -1.829562138),
               Pz3 = c(-2.507944967,-3.718722989, -2.812847708, -1.702389524, -0.356014073, -0.436223413,
                       -1.10341486, 0.860878402, 1.355286181, 1.929925855, 2.011052817,1.698239458, 0.457017552, -1.307577636),
               Pz4 = c(-2.526729696,-3.310577787, -3.269111262, -2.059841138, -0.570296943, -0.375065729,
                       0.241375822, 0.362476528, 1.179101897, 1.307946062, 1.35313231,1.210063358, 1.07002961, -0.346823797),
               Pz5 = c(-3.284551238,-3.329362517, -2.86096606, -2.516104692, -0.927748557, -0.5893486,
                       0.302533506, 1.70726721, 0.680700023, 1.131761778, 0.731152517,0.552142851, 0.58185351, 0.266188261),
               Pz6 = c(-4.011896321,-4.087184059, -2.87975079, -2.107959491, -1.38401211, -0.946800213,
                       0.088250636, 1.768424893, 2.025490705, 0.633359905, 0.554968233,-0.069836942, -0.076066996, -0.221987839),
               Pz7 = c(-4.769878994,-4.814529142, -3.637572331, -2.12674422, -0.975866909, -1.403063767,
                       -0.269200978, 1.554142023, 2.086648388, 1.978150587, 0.05656636,-0.246021225, -0.698046789, -0.879908346)),
          class = "data.frame",
          row.names = c(NA,-14L))

library(tidyverse)
library(ggplot2)
#~~~ step 1: transform the data from 'wide' format to 'long' format ~~~

my_data %>%
  pivot_longer(names_to = 'key', values_to = 'value',-c(Count, GW)) %>%
  {. ->> my_data_long}

#~~~ step 2: write a function to plot the data and save the plot ~~~

saveplot_function <- function(i){

  # get data for key i
  df_temp <- my_data_long %>%
    filter(
      key == i
    )

  # calculate RMSE and correlation
  # adjust calculation as needed
  rmse <- round(mean((df_temp$GW-df_temp$value)^2),3)
  correl <- round(cor(df_temp$GW,df_temp$value),3)

  my_plot <- my_data_long %>%

    filter(
      key == i
    ) %>%

    ggplot(aes(x=Count)) +
    geom_line(aes(y = scale(GW)), color = "blue") +
    geom_line(aes(y = scale(value)), color="red") +
    ylab(i)+
    annotate(geom="text", x=max(df_temp$Count)-2,
             y=max(df_temp$value,df_temp$GW),
             label=bquote(paste(," rho (",rho,") =",.(correl),sep="")),#expression(paste("rho (", rho, ") = ",as.character(correl),sep='')),
             color="black")+
    annotate(geom="text", x=max(df_temp$Count)-2,
           y=max(df_temp$value,df_temp$GW)-0.5,
           label=paste('RMSE = ',rmse,sep=''),
           color="black")

  ggsave(paste0("my_location/my_folder/", i, '.png'),
         width=6,
         height=4,
         units='in')
}

#~~~ step 3: loop through all the values of 'key' (column names in the wide format data) ~~~

for(i in unique(my_data_long$key)){

  saveplot_function(i)

}


Neal James is one of America's most successful producers. He has worked within the music industry for 30 successful years. He prides himself with seeking and finding some of the nations new, most unique and talented singers, songwriters and bands.
Neal James looks for the unique and the different. Someone who is not afraid to sound like and be themselves. Singers, bands and songwriters who want to achieve an extraordinary level of sucess.


I just cannot refuse an invitation to go birding at Candaba with James even on short notice. James also invited the Tim Fisher, co-author of my birding bible Guide to the Birds of the Philippines and my reference book The Photographic Guide to Birds of the Phils. We set out early at 4.30am heading for the North Luzon Expressway. The expressway is under renovation with only 2 lanes passable, finally made it to the Sta. Rita exit at 5:30am. With James leading the 2-car convoy, we made a mad dash to the Candaba Marshlands through the still quiet streets of Plaridel, making a left turn at Tangos, turning right after crossing the second bridge and through the narrow streets that gave way to dirt roads where we suddenly found ourselves in the midst of the ricefields.
In front of us, Mt Arayat loomed in the distance. To the left side of the road were ricefields. The right side also had ricefields and hills in the background with the clouds above slowly turning into golden flakes. A large bird flew in the distance just above the fields. We got off the car and learned from Tim that our first bird was a GRASS OWL.
The fields on both sides of the road were newly planted and it is easy to pick out the birds foraging about. I cannot decide where to begin ... black winged stilts, sandpipers, snipes on the ground while egrets, bitterns flew overhead. We had our fill and drove on until the ground became too muddy for our vehicles. Mads and Tim led the birding group while Jon and I followed. James and the Hezelots with their mounted scopes trailed behind.
There were birds every step of the way. Initially we saw the usual munias, then the bushchat and even a coucal. The different species of sandpipers and snipes looked all the same to me. As Tim started up the promontory he looked back and yelled that a jacana was heading towards us. Wow a lifebird for me! I grabbed by binoculars just in time to see the PHEASANT- TAILED JACANA flew overhead to my left with its tail trailing behind. I was mesmerized by the sight, not minding that my foot had slowly sunk into the mud. When it was time to move on, my left foot was stuck and I realized I continue to sink. Panic! As I struggled to free my left foot, my other foot also sank deeper. I tried to pull my left foot out and succeeded without my shoe and sock... I lost my balance and both hands landed on the mud, binocs dangling just above the mud. Next I tried to pry the shoe out of the muck with my hands but it just won't budge. Comes Tim to the rescue, and only our combined effort freed my left shoe from the clay-like mud. I continued with the hike up hill to the big pond, which is now covered in a myriad of water plants.
I definitely saw more birds this time than in my past outings with Haribon. Perhaps we were always in a larger group <30-40> or perhaps we did not cover as much ground. Nevertheless, I would not have been able to list down a third of the birds on my own without the company of the expert birders. After consultations with Jon and Mads and confirmation with James, who provided most of the figures, here is our official birdlist with more than 50 species listed!


text:
Q: WPF button command in view not firing to ICommand in viewmodel I am developing my first app using MVVM and I am stuck with my command button.
In my view I have:
<Button x:Name="btSave" Command="{Binding AddContactCommand}" Content="Save" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="183,186,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"/>

In the code behind i have:
public partial class ContactView : Window
{
    private ContactViewModel contactVM;

    public ContactView()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        contactVM = new ContactViewModel();
        this.DataContext = contactVM;
    }
}

In the view model I have:
public ICommand AddContactCommand { get; private set; }

void AddContact()
{
    ContactData ContactData = new ContactData();
    bSaved = ContactData.SaveContact("Theresa","Theresa","Theresa","Theresa");
}

the AddContact() in the view model never gets fired.
What I am doing wrong?

A: Check your DataContext as I assume that is the issue.
If your ViewModel is in the code behind in the Constructor put the following:
DataContext = this;

Otherwise if it's another class you need to do the same thing but do:
DataContext = new MyViewModel();

At least I assume this is your issue from what you have posted.


text:
News and features > Occupy squatters' defiant protest
Occupy squatters' defiant protest
Liam Deveney, JMU Journalism
– January 12, 2012Posted in: News and features
Squatters have vowed to continue their Occupy Liverpool protest indefinitely after taking over an empty office block in the city centre.
The squatters moved in to the Tinlings Building in Crosshall Street on Sunday and were immediately involved in a tense stand-off with police. Three arrests were made for alleged minor drugs offences, but all were later released without charge.
Around 20 people are involved in the occupation, and one protester, 17-year-old Bo McBain, told JMU Journalism: "I was one of the people who helped set up the camp in Liverpool a week after Occupy Wall Street started and I'm willing to spend the rest of my life being part of Occupy. We refuse to leave.
"We have put on a Section Six notice, which relates to squatters' rights, and means everything we are doing here is completely legal."
A spokesman for Liverpool City Council said the police are in contact with the occupiers and are also liasing with the owners of the building
The protesters set up camp in Liverpool in November at the Lime Street end of William Brown Street, part of Liverpool's Cultural Quarter. They moved on due to adverse weather conditions, and took over the five-storey building, in the shadow of the Radio City tower, at the weekend.
Another protester, who refused to be identified and insisting he is known as 'Mad Rox', said: "The position humanity has been put in, with 1% of the population of the earth owning 46% of the world's wealth and not distributing it equally and fairly just to keep hold of the wealth for themselves, is completely wrong.
"We are trying to raise awareness in the community for a self-efficient economy which is basically living together as one big community to supply for that community rather than working for one big corporation or supply for yourself. That's the awareness we are trying to raise, plus the awareness how corrupt our government is."
The Occupy movement is an international protest which is primarily directed against economic and social inequality. The social networking portal Meetup states there are just under 3,000 Occupy camps globally, and the Guardian has attempted to map the worldwide protests.
Although the Tinlings Building is without working toilets, the protesters are hoping the camp will be open for the public to visit early next week, and a major clean-up operation of the site is currently in full swing to try and make it safe and habitable.
McBain added there are no leaders in the camp and all decisions are made collectively. He said: "We have meetings and we vote on who is in charge of that meeting – nobody is higher than anybody else. We have a treasurer and other different groups in the camp. We all work together."
Tags: Occupy Liverpool, Protest
About Liam Deveney, JMU Journalism
Occupy Wall St
Liverpool Echo: Occupy moves
Guardian: worldwide protests


Here is a list of items currently in stock. As of this moment they are only listed here at the journal and will be sent out via priority mail. If you have any questions and/or are interested in anything listed please contact me via e-mail and I will send you an invoice.
I do plan to start producing perfume again as soon as I have all my tools and raw materials.
There may be a few errors in this list which I apologize for in advance.


Back in February, I talked to Kevin Hart. Okay, that's not really a big deal but Hollywood's most bankable male comic at the moment revealed to me that he wasn't going to stop making movies anytime soon. His average rate of movies these days borders on nearly 4 a year (2014's already given us Ride Along, About Last Night & Think Like A Man Too) and he's not slowing down for 2015.
"The Wedding Ringer", Hart's next flick is set to arrive on MLK Weekend next year. In it, he plays the wedding version of Hitch, a fixer making sure hopeless guys who already have landed the girl are now dealing with the hard part – finding a best man. Josh Gad plays his hapless new client Doug for which Hart has to find seven groomsmen. Hilarity ensues.
So think of it as Hitch getting married to the plot of I Love You, Man and that cute chick from the Priceline commercials and The Big Bang Theory plays Gad's fiancée.


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Jason LeBlanc displayed exceptional design and project management capability early in his 20 year career in Architecture. With strong communication skills and a passion for design, Jason is adept at creating buildings that respond to the needs of our clients and our community. Jason has successfully managed the design of a number of small to large commercial, industrial, and multifamily projects across Western Canada. A natural leader, Jason brings out the best in all members involved in a design project.
Affiliate Member, AAA CET, CArch. Tech.
Danny Estephan's passion and determination have ensured multi-decade relationships with numerous major corporate clients over his 25 year career. Danny has in depth experience in the implementation of numerous restaurant, commercial retail, office, and multi-family projects across Western Canada. With an eye for design, and expertise in the development of contract documents, and construction administration Danny provides the leadership and judgment projects need for their success.
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ENVIRO SERVICES CENTRE: The Enviro Services building is a recycling facility located in the County of Strathcona.
WINDERMERE PROFESSIONAL CENTRE: A commercial office space, comprising of single storey steel structure and a blend of curtain walling, Alpolic wall systems and feature tile, the building will make a statement within its commercial surroundings. Inside the space will benefit from great natural light and 16ft ceilings.


text:
There have been positive developments
3rd April 2017 3rd April 2017
The British Home Office Country Policy and Information Note March 2017 in its updated policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims, in its updated policy guidance said:
Since the country guidance case of GJ & Others in 2013, a new government, led by President Sirisena came to office in January 2015, and there have been positive developments including: curtailing of executive power; the reestablishment of independent commissions (and in particular the restoration of the legitimacy and independence of Sri Lanka's Human Rights Commission); de-proscription of a number of international diaspora organisations; review of cases held under the Prevention of Terrorism Act and release of some detainees. Measures such as the passing of the Right to Information Bill, have also seen positive improvements towards more transparent and accountable government and an improved environment for civil society and human rights defenders has also been reported.
Since the new government came to office in 2015, 'white van' abductions are now seldom reported. The number of torture complaints has greatly reduced. However, new cases of Tamil victims continue to emerge and police reportedly often continue to resort to violence and excessive force, particularly when extracting confessions. Such treatment is reported to be common in relation to criminal investigations, regardless of the nature of the suspected offence. Decision makers should also note that many human rights reports on Sri Lanka use the term 'torture' to cover a very wide range of treatment ranging from forceful questioning or threats, through to the most severe forms of ill-treatment.
Unlike its predecessor, the current government –which was formed since GJ & Others was heard and promulgated – has shown willingness for allegations of war crimes during the final phase of the conflict to be fully investigated, and has established its own truth, justice, and reconciliation commission to investigate potential war crimes.
The Guidelines states that in considering scarring and allegations of torture generally, decision makers should take full account of any medical evidence produced. Expert medical evidence which potentially corroborates an account of torture must be given considerable weight – but it must still be considered within the sum of evidence to be taken into account. A medical report in support of an account of torture does not necessarily determine its credibility if other evidence provides good reason to reject the person 's account of when and how scars (for example) were caused.
The UK Home Office undertook a fact finding mission (FFM) to Sri Lanka from 11–23 July 2016 and visited the Rehabilitation centre in Vavuniya, Northern Province. The team were able to speak to the Rehabilitees (beneficiaries) freely and individually and unlike in the past, returnees who have a previous connection with the LTTE are able to return to their communities without suffering ill-treatment.
The document says the Tribunal in GJ & Others also found that the Sri Lankan authorities' approach is based on sophisticated intelligence, both as to activities within Sri Lanka and in the diaspora. The Sri Lankan authorities know that many Sri Lankan Tamils travelled abroad as economic migrants and also that everyone in the Northern Province had some level of involvement with the LTTE during the civil war. In post – conflict Sri Lanka, an individual's past history will be relevant only to the extent that it is perceived by the Sri Lankan authorities as indicating a present risk to the unitary Sri Lankan state or the Sri Lankan Government (para graph 356 (8)).
'The government's present objective is to identify Tamil activists in the Diaspora who are working for Tamil separatism and to destabilise the unitary Sri Lankan state enshrined in Amendment 6(1) to the Sri Lankan Constitution in 1983, which prohibits the 'violation of territorial integrity' of Sri Lanka. Its focus is on preventing both (a) the resurgence of the LTTE or any similar Tamil separatist organisation and (b) the revival of the civil war within Sri Lanka.' (Gov.UK)
Read Full Report:
Reasons behind China's big Investments in Sri Lanka
Only justice can heal our wounds
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text:
Uqabuwa va ser una antiga ciutat de Mesopotàmia de situació encara discutida, suposadament al nord de l'alt Tigris, i al nord d'Ilansura, en un afluent del Tigris. Apareix esmentada al . Es creu que es podria identificar amb la població anomenada Aqba o Oqba en siríac, i Akbas o Okbas en grec, a 20 km a l'est de Martiriòpolis (moderna Silvan).

Dumumahlil, cap d'un grup ètnic desconegut, suposadament caníbal, aliat als hitites i que havia estat rebutjat a Urshu, va atacar la ciutat en temps del rei hitita Hattusilis I (1650 aC-1620 aC). Segons els texts conservats, dues ciutats van anar en ajut d'Uqabuwa: Suda i Zu(...). Aquesta Zu(?) de la qual el nom complet no es pot llegir, era segurament Zu-ur-ra (grafiat com Surra) al massís de Tur Abidin.

Pel que sembla, Dumumahlil, havia exterminat les forces de Zuppa. Tots els seus homes van ser capturats per aquesta gent que se'ls va menjar; només el mateix Zuppa va aconseguir fugir, i fins i tot la seva mare, Ama o Sila, va ser capturada i se la van menjar igualment. Després d'atacar Uqabuwa, el territori va passar a mans dels hitites.

Referències

Bibliografia
Mari in retrospect: fifty years of Mari and Mari studies, per Gordon Douglas Young

Mesopotàmia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Which event will be throw while the form is reloading after hiding the form? I am having a form in my application Form1. A thread is running in this form. When i am showing the next form Form2, I am hiding this form and aborting the thread.
When I am showing the parent form again , i need to restart the thread again.which event
in the main form I can write thread restart code?

A: While the VisibleChanged or Activated events may do this, I have to wonder why you don't just do it explicitly - it's your code that will be showing the form again, isn't it? Why not just create a new thread as part of the code that gets executed at that point?
As a side note, if you really are aborting the thread (with Thread.Abort) it would be worth moving to a more graceful shutdown procedure, setting a flag which the thread checks periodically. Hard aborts of threads are prone to leaving the application in an unknown state.


text:
"Happy" is a song originally recorded by British funk band Hi-Tension in 1984, titled as "You Make Me Happy". In 1987, it was covered by Surface from their self-titled album. A hit single, Surface's version reached number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 16 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart.
"Happy" was also featured on Surface's album Perfect 10 and was produced by Bernard Jackson, David "Pic" Conley and David Townsend.

Track listing
 Happy
 Let's Try Again

Charts

Year-end charts

MN8 version

"Happy" was recorded by British R&B group MN8, and released in July 1995 as the third single from their debut album, To the Next Level (1995). The song peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart, number 33 in Belgium, and number 11 in New Zealand.

The track was also notably remixed by Dalvin DeGrate of Jodeci. MN8's version is notably the highest charting version of the song and is often included in compilations.

Critical reception
In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton described the song as "another immaculate slice of swingbeat pop and another smash hit to boot".

Track listing
 CD 1 / 12"
 "Happy" (Radio Edit) — 4:10
 "Happy" (Jodeci Mix) — 4:11
 "Happy" (2B3 Street Mix) — 5:17
 "I've Got a Little Something for You" (OJI Remix) — 4:12

 CD 2
 "Happy" (Radio Edit) — 4:10
 "Happy" (Dance Mix) — 5:55
 "Happy" (2B3 Pay Black Mix) — 5:17
 "I've Got a Little Something for You" (Bad Boy Main Pass Mix) — 4:17

 Cassette single
 "Happy" (Radio Edit) — 4:10
 "I've Got a Little Something for You" (OJI Remix) — 4:12

Charts

References

Surface (band) songs
Contemporary R&B ballads
1984 singles
1987 singles
1995 singles
MN8 songs
Pauline Henry songs
Songs written by David Conley (musician)
Songs written by Bernard Jackson (singer)
1984 songs
1980s ballads


Free to Be Me: Forgotten?
Jesse and Hannah are attending Awanas this year and are having fun memorizing their verses. Although Caleb is not an official Spark, he has been working on memorizing Hannah's verses, too.
One of the first verses she had was John 3:16. She worked diligently and got it down and Caleb came to me proudly after the others had left for church and told me he knew his verse, too! He proceeded to recite John 3:16 from memory. He had it down almost perfectly except for one word...one word that vastly changed the verse!
Caleb's version said that God gave His only "forgotten" Son! Begotten is not a familiar word in our vocabulary these days and his mind had unconsciously searched his word bank and come up with the word that sounded like it should fit.
While it made me laugh out loud initially because it sounded so cute, I found myself pondering the implication of his wording and how sadly true it was. For a country that truly was founded on the principles of God by men who really did desire for His will to be done in their lives and their decisions, we have largely forgotten Him. Decisions that affect our lives and our futures are made every day without any thought being given to Him and what He would desire to see done. Seeking Him before making a decision that will affect the multitudes is largely a foreign or looked-down-upon concept.
Prayer is no longer accepted in too many public places. Nativities are being removed at an alarming rate so as not to offend and be exclusive. The day-to-day walking-it-out of other religions is being ushered in while He is being ushered out. He is being forgotten!
Funny how grown adults cannot see what is going on right in front of them on a daily basis while a 5yo can stumble upon it without even meaning to!
Just make sure you stay alert. Keep close watch over yourselves. Don't forget anything of what you've seen. Don't let your heart wander off. Stay vigilant as long as you live. Teach what you've seen and heard to your children and grandchildren.
Unfortunately, this is so very true. I wish our nation would take to heart the words of Proverbs 3 to "acknowledge Him in all your ways and He will direct your paths."


text:
by Ivan Dimitrijevic
Constantly Growing Moscow: The City of Inspiration
Russia is the land famous for its rulers, cold winters, and poetry. A big part of Russian culture is concentrated in Moscow, the capital city and heart of the Russian Federation. With the constantly growing economy, this is one of the world's most expensive cities and the richest city in Russia.
Apart from being an economic center, the city is also famous for its art culture. All the legendary writers from the 19th century worked here. Today, one can see performances of the recognizable theater groups and take a peek of the significant galleries and museums.
The best time for being here is from May to September, since the winter can be harsh, but not unbearable. If you have a strict budget, the best thing is to find a place outside of the town and travel to the center by taking the metro.
Although it's not completely safe, the transportation system is well-developed. With beauty and entertainment, everything Russia has to offer is concentrated in Moscow.
Starting with the Moscow Museum of Modern Art, over 50 popular museums decorate the city and offer a bountiful treasure of art collections:
Museum of Modern Art – This the first state museum focused exclusively on the art of the 20th and 21st century. Permanent collections and temporary exhibitions are held in the former 18th-century mansion. Also, the museum offers displays and exhibitions of unknown artists who are yet to be discovered.
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts – The most impressive and mostly original collection of foreign art since ancient times is located in the Pushkin State Museum, designed to resemble an ancient temple.
The State Darwin Museum – Established in 1907, this museum was the first and only museum of evolution in the world. Displays include animals from all climate zones and wildlife in general, with an end view of the relationship between man and nature and the course of their future.
The State History Museum – Covering the whole Russian empire back to the Stone Age, the State History Museum has exceptionally decorated walls and rooms in different styles, according to different periods and regions. It is located at the northern end of the famous Red Square in a building from the late 19th century.
The Glinka national museum consortium of Musical Culture – About a million music-related items such as manuscripts, unique musical instruments, sheets of music and personal belongings of well-known musicians are centered here. The museum holds exhibitions, concerts, and interactive lessons, as well as master classes.
Architecture and Monuments
Russians are recognized for their scientific achievements, so it's no wonder they have the self-proclaimed "tallest" educational building in the world. This magnificent piece of architecture is 240 meters tall, and for a while, it was the tallest building in Europe. The story goes that it would take over 17 years to visit every room.
However, the tallest buildings in the world for a couple of decades were the Seven Sisters. A bundle of skyscrapers in the center of Moscow are used today as universities, hotels, and apartments. One of them is the home of the foreign ministry.
Concerning the Russian heritage, the Red Square and the Moscow Kremlin are listed as a world heritage sites by UNESCO. The Kremlin offers a lot of museums, cathedrals, treasures and antiques, which tourists can visit from Friday to Wednesday between 10h and 17h.
Nightlife & People
With 26 bars and 11 nightclubs, the nightlife in Moscow is very vivid. As soon as one club is closed for business, another opens right away, so people can drink and dance the night away. The list of popular clubs goes from the elite to those with an underground feel:
Krasny Oktyabr (Red October) – A large complex of bars in the middle of the river with a lovely view over the Christ the Savior Cathedral.
Gipsy – A-list club with an incredible view and vibrant atmosphere until the wee hours.
Fantomas – private club with crème de la crème of the society.
Bonfire – The cocktail bar includes dance music and molecular gastronomy.
Mendeleev – For the lovers of mystery and live piano, techno or house music, this bar is pure perfection. Mendeleev is kind of a secret bar and can be found behind a hidden entrance.
Moscow is a city for everyone, no matter the age and personal style. The city that never sleeps has something for every visitor passing by. It's grand, artistic, nostalgic and the number one destination on the list of cities with mesmerizing sunsets. Whether it's a fun trip with friends or a romantic voyage with a loved one, this is a perfect place to visit and you should definitely keep it on your bucket list. Russia may seem cold and distant but it's everything but that. Don't deny yourself the opportunity to experience the magnificent city of Moscow.
Contributed by http://www.worldescape.com/
Tags: Moscow Nightlife, Russia Travel, Travel Destinations
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Attention Tenants! This is a great opportunity to rent this beautiful 4 bedrooms home in a small, new and nice community in Homestead. This property has a living room, a dining room, a great kitchen with stainless steel appliances. All bedrooms upstairs, huge master and spacious bedrooms. It has a perfect location close to the Air Force Base, great schools, Shopping Centers, turnpike and US1 + was built in 2017. You have to see it!.


We are proud of Isaac Dogboe.
Ghanaian boxer, Issac Dogboe produced a world-class performance. Furthermore, he knocked out American Jessie Magdaleno to win the WBO World Super Bantamweight Title. The fight happened in Philadelphia.
The 23-year-old becomes the nation's youngest ever world champion. Moreover, he surpasses the feat of Ike Quartey who did it at age 25.
However, Dogboe did it the hard way. He was knocked down for the first time in his career in the first round of the bout, with a fantastic combination of punches from the American.
Moreover, he managed to beat the count and saw off the rest of the round.
After, in round 10, the Ghanaian inflicted powerful shots to the body of his American opponent.
Dogboe delivered a strong right hand which shocked Magdaleno. This caused him to retreat to the corner. Moreover, this allowed Dogboe to rush in and wear him down with a series of combination punches before the bell went.
In the 11th round, Dogboe delivered a knockout punch. The referee waved off the bout. This caused wild cheers in the Dogboe corner.