It has been an angry winter. Deep blue horizons shudder beneath deeper clouds. Hoar shattered twigs twist upward where they fell, grasping for an unrelenting mercy. Grey mists float upon the solid surface of a brook. Sunlight collapses like snow from the leaden dawn.
Ophelia kicks the sodden leaves, scuttling the life that dares remain, curses the dead pendant birds hanging from a tree. She bends to flick a desiccated lizard, twisted like apple peel, stranded out of season, skidding it across the icy pond.
She is the frozen maiden; wrapped in wool, feet in dubbined leather boots and warm woollen socks, fleece wicking moist breath from her skin. She loathes this shattered season, loves the astringency of incinerating summers sweating all to withering point. With sensitivity intruding on impossibility, she crushes a branch of dried memories in her fist. Filagreed by frosted strawberry hair, her unhooded face is ablaze, her lips a deep crimson ember.
She stares at the landscape and stares through the landscape, viewing her reflection flowing in the stream serene beneath the ice.
Grieve for her, bitter as the freeze-dried dock leaves trampled by her feet.
Creeping horrors grow with the restoration of a fragile sun in the frail spring. Her fallen autumn fruit, bitten and discarded, rot and germinate like her own emergent corpse.
Ophelia Redux was first printed in Issue 1 of Bare Fiction Magazine (December 2013).
Martin Porter's work has recently been published in Flash Frontiers, Blue Note Review, Flash Flood and Flash Mob 2013.


A busy and thriving independent prep school in Berkshire is seeking a Head of Geography from September 2019.
A great opportunity has opened up for an enthusiastic graduate to act as pupil support within a top mainstream school.
Permanent, September 2019 start, full time, central Birmingham, paid to scale.
We are looking to recruit a Housing Manager to lead our Housing Options, Housing Management and Housing Maintenance Teams.
We are seeking to appoint an enthusiastic and dedicated teacher with the ability to deliver outstanding teaching in Economics to people aged 16-19.
Our Client is looking for a candidate who is looking to constantly improve and grow their experience and who is passionate about marketing.


Soon after President Obama took office his administration attempted a 'reset' in America's relationship with Russia. But eight years later relations between the two countries have deteriorated to new lows, including allegations that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election.
Donald Trump's stunning victory has led to expectations of a dramatic change in the relationship between the two countries. But strong bipartisan resistance has emerged from Congress, and there are growing pressures for the United States to push back against Russia's advances abroad and its efforts to affect American politics.
In this hour of America Abroad, we look at the state of the US relationship with Russia. We explore Russia's use of cyberspace and propaganda, Vladimir Putin's domestic political strategy and how it shapes Russia's foreign policy, and Russia's relationship with NATO.
How will America's relationship with Russia change under the Trump presidency? What are the prospects for greater cooperation, or greater confrontation? Find out more on this episode of America Abroad.
Leon Aron: Director of Russian Studies, American Enterprise Institute.
William Courtney: Special assistant to President Clinton for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasia. Currently adjunct senior fellow, Rand Corporation.
Anne Garrels: NPR's former Russia correspondent and the author of Putin Country: A Journey Into the Real Russia.
Andrei Illarionov: Former economic advisor to Putin. Senior fellow, Cato Institute.
Nina Khrushcheva: Professor of International Affairs, The New School.
Kevin Klose: Washington Post's Moscow Bureau chief from 1977 to 1981. Currently teaches journalism at the University of Maryland.
Jim Ludes: Director, Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy.
Will Pomeranz: Deputy Director, the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies at the Wilson Center.
David Satter: Former Moscow correspondent for the Wall Street Journal and the Financial Times.


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Barra Camping & Bungalows
Barra Camping & Bungalows, as its name implies, is located in Praia da Barra, 10km from the city of Ílhavo and the city of Aveiro, known as the "Portuguese Venice". With more than 35 000m2, it has bungalows and apartments, space for tents, caravans and motorhomes and has at its disposal a bar, mini-market, restaurant (only in high season), playground and mini golf course.
The city of Aveiro is crossed by a canal and is considered one of the most enchanting destinations in the country, thanks to its colorful moliceiros, pastel colored buildings and Art Nouveau style and its tranquil urban atmosphere.
Visit the tallest lighthouse in Portugal and admire the typical colored striped houses – the Palheiros da Costa Nova. It is the perfect place to relax on sunny days or practice some water sports: surfing, windsurfing, diving, sailing and fishing.
It is therefore the ideal setting for your vacation!
National Tourism Register No. 826
Clean Air Camping
Ar Puro Campings has as its main objective to offer unique and differentiating services, with the customer always being the center of our organization… it is our exclusive reason for being.
Focused on open-air hotels, leisure activities, providing quality assurance services that satisfy our customers, offering them unique and unforgettable experiences.
History and Path
The company was created in February 2002 under the name of Catarino & Associados, Lda, C&A, in Seia, with the social object of management consultancy and the elaboration of projects and economic studies.
In 2003 it expanded its object to tourist activities and in 2009 it became a public limited company.
It is nature tourism that currently has its main focus.
Future and Vision
To be a reference in the nature tourism business, leisure activities, products and services gourmet pfor customers, shareholders and employees.
To be leaders in open air tourism in Portugal.
O Barra Camping & Bungalows as its name implies, it is located at Praia da Barra 10 km from the city of Ílhavo and the city of Aveiro, known as the "Portuguese Venice". With over 35 000m2 it has bungalows and apartments, space for tents, caravans and motorhomes ...
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There is an unmistakable aura of luxury and elitism when it comes to penthouses for sale in the Washington Metropolitan area. That's because there is only so much room at the top of any building, and that exclusivity typically commands a high price. But location plays a large role as well, with iconic skyline views of national monuments and the pulsing energy of trendy urban neighborhoods.
There was a time long ago, when the top floor of a tower was not considered a welcoming place to live, used more for storage or utility rooms, or living quarters for hired help. After all, these spaces directly under the roof were akin to the attic of a house—dusty and claustrophobic. Also, elevators in the late 1800s weren't always the most reliable means for ascending the heights, and who wants to climb all those stairs?
But all that changed during the 1920s when improving elevator technology and a Jazz Age society enamored of beautiful views, combined to influence a paradigm shift. And suddenly, commercial architects were encouraging life at the top with large windows, terraces and the notion that penthouses represented a lofty ideal. And so began the penthouse mystique—an epic part of luxury condos for sale.
Top floor condos for sale in Alexandria, Arlington, Bethesda, DC, Fairfax County and Falls Church present a much wider set of options compared to yesteryear. Penthouses are no longer single residences at the apex of a building. Developers now typically divide the upper levels into several units of varying sizes. It's a smart marketing move, allowing a degree of exclusivity for studio or one-bedroom residences while still according the highest cache to those spacious city homes with the giant window walls, soaring ceilings and private rooftop terraces.
But it is also worth noting the Washington itself isn't known for particularly tall skyscrapers, this due to the Height of Buildings Act of 1910 which was passed by the U.S. Congress to limit the height of structures in the nation's capital. As a result, the tallest residential buildings in the District are all less than 200 feet tall. By comparison, New York City boasts 432 Park Avenue—the tallest residential skyscraper in the world at 1398 feet.
That said, the same height limits don't apply in Arlington and other parts of the metropolitan area. The community of Rosslyn, for instance, boast several buildings over 300 feet tall. But these still pale next to the mighty spires in NYC and Chicago.
All that aside, the Washington area has plenty of very fancy bird nest dwellings. And after all, penthouses don't always have to soar into the clouds to be cool. They can also be found in mid-rise complexes and all sorts of adaptive reuse structures, even former schools and industrial buildings.
So how much will a treetop home cost? The top end is pretty high indeed. A 6145 square foot penthouse pad at the Ritz Carlton in DC's Georgetown recently listed for $13.950 million. That's a ton of money! But you do get four valet parking spaces tossed in.
Some of the highest stickers on other top floor condominiums for sale include a $9 million residence at Water Street in Georgetown, a $5.5 million three-bedroom PH at the Somerset House in Chevy Chase, Maryland and a $3.4 million pad with a private elevator and amazing views of the Potomac River at Turnberry Tower in Rosslyn.
Penthouse costs don't necessarily have to be that high, however. Set your search criteria to somewhat more modest levels and you'll still find plenty of intriguing choices, with luxurious living quarters, fabulous amenities and all sorts of nearby perks. Regardless of price, life at the top is pretty sweet.
To learn more about these lofty perches, call District Partners at Compass, 202-798-3600.


Newcastle United moved clear of the Premier League relegation zone after a second-half goal from Salomon Rondon gave them a 1-0 win at Huddersfield Town in a scrappy clash on Saturday.
The result lifted Newcastle to 14th position on 16 points from 17 games, six ahead of 18th-placed Huddersfield, who suffered a fourth successive league defeat.
Newcastle manager Rafa Benitez praised his team but told them to keep their feet on the ground.
"I said so many times this group of players deserves credit and today they came together and worked hard," he told the BBC.
Venezuela striker Rondon capped a superb breakaway in the 55th minute after Newcastle had weathered a series of Huddersfield attacks which produced plenty of long balls and crosses but no clear-cut chances.
Visiting keeper Martin Dubravka tipped a Philip Billing free kick over the bar in the first half and also kept out a low shot by Chris Lowe after Rondon had silenced the home fans in driving rain.
The bruising contest produced its best moment when Ayoze Perez released Javier Manquillo and the right-back squared the ball for Rondon to steer past Lossl.
Huddersfield threw men forward in search of an equaliser in the closing stages, but a barrage of raids down both flanks came to nothing as Newcastle's defence held firm.


Further to SPS media release 2007-464 "Graffiti results in Arrest"; the Anti Graffiti Unit (AGU) has concluded the follow up investigation into this incident, that occurred on Monday October 22, 2007. As a result, 3 youths have been charged with a total of 15 counts of Mischief under $5000 for targeting 5 different locations on Monday October 22, 2007. One of the youth was also responsible for 3 other locations separate to this incident and was charged accordingly with an additional 3 counts of Mischief under $5000.
Court appearances set for Nov.5,6,and 14th/07.


To train participants in manual handling or people.
This course is for candidates who are involved in the lifting, handling and moving of people in their work roles. Covering the Care Quality Commission outcomes.
The course covers basic lifting and handling of people, and includes the use of slide sheets, hoists and transfer belts. As well as looking at any specific examples that course participants may have.


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Q: What's the swift equivalent for 'FBSDKAccessTokenDidChangeNotification' I am finally migrating my Facebook SDK wrapper from Objective C to Swift.
What is the correct replacement for FBSDKAccessTokenDidChangeNotification?
When I try to use it I get the following error:
 NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
       self,
       selector: #selector(accountChanged(notification:)),
       name: FBSDKAccessTokenDidChangeNotification,
       object: nil)
 // Use of unresolved identifier 'FBSDKAccessTokenDidChangeNotification'

A: See here: https://github.com/facebook/facebook-ios-sdk/blob/master/FBSDKCoreKit/FBSDKCoreKit/FBSDKAccessToken.h#L36
The name of the notification in Swift is AccessTokenDidChange or AccessTokenDidChangeNotification depending on your compiling iOS version.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FaveThing -> Mia Miller -> Books to read -> Blessing in Disguise by Danielle Steel
Blessing in Disguise by Danielle Steel
Sourced from:	barnesandnoble.com
Brand / Company: Danielle Steel
Product / Service: Blessing in Disguise
Rating From Mia Miller
5 from 1 user
A heartwarming story!
I have read a lot of reviews for Blessing in Disguise by Danielle Steel, and it sounds like a really good novel! It has a memorable character that comes to terms with unfinished business and long-buried truths as the mother of three very different daughters with three singular fathers.
As stated on the Barnes and Noble website, the summary for Blessing in Disguise is:
"As a young intern at an art gallery in Paris, Isabelle McAvoy meets Putnam Armstrong, wealthy, gentle, older, and secluded from the world. Isabelle's relationship with Putnam, and her time at his château on the Normandy coast, are the stuff of dreams. But it turns real when she becomes pregnant, for she knows that marriage is out of the question.
When Isabelle returns to New York, she enters a new relationship that she hopes will be more stable and traditional. But she soon realizes she has made a terrible mistake and again finds herself a single mother.
With two young daughters and no husband, Isabelle finally and unexpectedly finds happiness and a love that gives her a third child, a baby as happy as her beloved father. And yet, once again, life brings dramatic changes.
The three girls grow up to be very different women, and Isabelle's relationship with each of them is unique. While raising her girls alone, Isabelle also begins building a career as a successful art consultant. Then one final turn of fate brings a past secret to light, bonds mother and daughters closer, and turns a challenge into a blessing."
If anyone else is interested in checking out the book Blessing in Disguise by Danielle Steel, please click the image up above! It is currently on sale for 40% off!
- On sale for 40% off
- A heartwarming tale
- A New York Times Bestseller
I can't wait to read this novel!
Blessing in Disguise, Book, Novel, Danielle Steel


The proper operation of any boiler is dependent on the systems that support and connect to it. These include, but are not limited to; the boiler room fresh air supply, flue gas exhaust system, fuel delivery system, power distribution grid, and the steam or hot water distribution system.
OK, here it goes. This review will help in terms of operation if purchased. But first, a quick review of the shipping and construction. The product was delivered in record time.
Page 1. TECHNICAL PASSPORT INSTALLATION and OPERATION MANUAL Solid fuel boiler WBS Active series MONTAGE- und BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG Heizkessel fr feste Brennstoffe Serie WBS Active MANUEL TECHNIQUE INSTRUCTIONS pour L'INSTALLATION et L'EXPLOITATION Chaudi;res ; combustible solide WBS Active PASAPORTE TECNICO.


We start with the consumer experience and work back to the technology, that's how we're able to craft solutions that your community will love!
Platform-specific mobile apps offer super performance, outstanding user experience with exceptional reliability. Our expert mobile app development team has developed many native applications for all platforms including iOS, Android and Windows. We develop for all popular devices like iPhone, iPad and various Android run devices. From idea, engineering to user acquisition, we provide end-to-end experiences in building enterprise grade solutions and consumer applications.
A full-featured form builder plugin. Get started with the most features and flexibility than any other WordPress forms plugin in one easy-to-use package.
Allow users to edit form entries, submissions & user created pages or posts – all from the beauty of your theme. Front-end editing is seamless and simple.
Use the power of cascading fields to display options available by each field "watching" the previous selections. Can also be used to drill down through the options to reveal a final value.


We meet weekly meet on Wednesdays 2.15pm to 4.15pm in a private house.
To contact the Group Leader send an e-mail message by clicking on the "Blue Pigeon" icon. This will be in the top right hand corner of this page if you are viewing this on a computer, if you are viewing this website on a tablet or phone then the icon will be at the bottom of the page.


Disable Related Videos 📺 : Added a new variable to let merchants disable related videos that display at the end of YouTube videos!
Easy Editor: On Admin Area pages that include the Easy Editor, the Save button was active before changes were made. We fixed this issue!


Do not advance uphill toward the enemy, nor oppose them when they come downhill.
Players: While in an MMO this is not necessarily as important, line of sight issues as well as distance differences do come into play. Those who hold the high point have increased range in many cases and are a difficult force to conquer.


text:
"Perfect Science Seminar" on you tube
American Painting and Sculpture
Daughters of the Revolution
Naval Navigation in the War of 1812
1959 . Chciago Heights
Cleveland Museum of Art
herbert booker
bio feed back aydu water full circle royal flush
gilbert stuart (american, 1755-1828)
david lisot video library
gordjenkins@gmail.com
mark starowicz
1812 to 1865 Military and Naval Headgear
by Herbert Booker
What the marines, sailors and solders wore from the War of 1812 to the en of the U.S. Civil War.
Topics: Chapeau de Bras, Cavalry Helmet, USMC Shako, Kepi, Sailor Cap, Sailor's Tarred Hat
1917 Bailey, Biddle & Banks Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Medals of societies in 1917 as well as medals for veteran's organization.
Topics: American National Red Cross, Ancient Heraldic and Chivalric Order of Albion, Army & Navy Union...
Britsh History 1689 To 1901
1689 - Parliament draws up the Declaration of Right detailing the unconstitutional acts of King James II. James' daughter and her husband, his nephew, become joint sovereigns of Britain as King William III and Queen Mary II. Parliament passes the Bill of Rights. Toleration Act grants rights to Trinitarian Protestant dissenters. Catholic forces loyal to James II land in Ireland from France and lay siege to Londonderry 1690 - King William defeats the Irish and French armies of his...
Topic: Britsh History 1689 To 1901
Cambridge Military Library Royal Artillerty Park of Halifax NS and GOC Residence
by gordjenkins@gmail.com
CAMBRIDGE MILITARY LIBRARY 1575 QUEEN ST B3J 2H9 HALIFAX, NS During the later part of the War of 1812, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, Sir John Coape Sherbrooke led a military expedition to Maine from Halifax in late August 1814. He captured the coastal area of Maine from the St. Croix River to the Penobscot River, setting up his base in the Port of Castine. The war came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on 24 December 1814. Sherbrooke had, by that time, taken in 10,000...
Topics: Cambridge Military Library, Cambridge Military Library Halifax NS, Gord Jenkins, Gord Jenkins...
Canada: A People's History
by Mark Starowicz
Canada: A People's History chronicles the human drama that is Canada's journey from past to present. Diaries, letters and archival documents tell the stories of those who shaped this country, in their own words. Using historical re-enactments, dazzling photography and digital special effects, Canada: A People's History presents Canada as you've never seen it: a riveting account of our history, through the eyes of the people who lived it.
Topics: Canada, Canadian History, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, James Cook, Chief Donnacona, Henry Hudson,...
Crestwood, Illinois ,Palos Heights , Illinois
by Terry Anne Welch
In Honor of The Late Kevin Thomas Welch We who was misunderstood by the Hypocrites who used him . In epistemology (theory of knowledge), a self-evident proposition is one that is known to be true by understanding its meaning without proof. Kevin was never a hypocrite he owned it. This blog is about the hypocrite who were not there for Kevin Thomas Welch , nor for their mother ,and their father Gerald and Nancy . For Kathy who play's at being a doctor and her daughter a know it all Doctor who...
Topics: Bridget Storrs Palos Heights, Illinois, Liers, Dead Beat humans Kathy Storrs, Mary Eileen Welch...
Curtis working with Scalar Wave Full Circle Jim Trider Douglas Leber
by Bio Feed back aydu water Full Circle Royal Flush
Curtis hand made necklace Sandra Micheal came to Bob Baun of Perfect Waters ask to share a booth with Perfect Waters . Terry Welch set up Jim Tirder with Sandra Micheals . Who is now in 2010 in many legal fronts.
Topic: "Perfect Science Seminar" on you tube
Douglas Leber came to Perfect Science From his student Mr David Morse the rest is history
These occults Drunvalo and new age leaders maintain no standards . Not withs tanding any idea's , however , one who undertakes to exalt our Perfect Science the ideals and traditions of the first and only real science . Instead they point of Doyuk as a standard bearer ( a dead beat dad ) FROM SCIENCE FICTION FANTASY TO MEDICAL REALITY My search for a practical model of the Star Trek medical scanner. By Douglas C. Leber, AP Dreams of creating a Star Trek scanner piqued my interest in EAV. How...
Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart
by Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755-1828)
Dr. James Stuart; Mary Campbell Stuart, c. 1815. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755-1828). Oil on wood; framed: 102.2 x 85.4 x 10.2 cm (40 1/4 x 33 5/8 x 4 in.); unframed: 83 x 65.7 cm (32 11/16 x 25 7/8 in.); part 2: 102.2 x 85.1 x 10.2 cm (40 1/4 x 33 1/2 x 4 in.); part 3: 83 x 65.7 cm (32 11/16 x 25 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Gift 1927.394
Topic: American Painting and Sculpture
Mary Campbell Stuart
Mary Campbell Stuart, c. 1815. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755-1828). Oil on wood; framed: 102.2 x 85.1 x 10.2 cm (40 1/4 x 33 1/2 x 4 in.); unframed: 83 x 65.7 cm (32 11/16 x 25 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Gift 1927.394.2
Naval Navigation in the War of 1812 : CSPAN3 : April 11, 2015 9:35pm-10:01pm EDT
Kyle Dalton discusses naval navigation during the War of 1812, including the tools used by sailors on both sides of the conflict.
Topics: navy, polaris, gunther, england, lincoln, meridian, royal navy, canada, washington, united states...
Naval Navigation in the War of 1812 : CSPAN3 : April 12, 2015 1:35am-2:01am EDT
Topics: Naval Navigation in the War of 1812, Television Program
Naval Navigation in the War of 1812 : CSPAN3 : March 28, 2015 1:05pm-1:31pm EDT
Topics: navy, polaris, alabama, gunther, john taylor, england, royal navy, united states navy
Naval Navigation in the War of 1812 : CSPAN3 : March 29, 2015 7:05am-7:31am EDT
Patriotic Societies Lapel Insignia (1914)
Rosettes, ribbons and pins showing affiliation to various patriotic societies from the American Revolution, to the War of 1812, to the U.S. Civil War, the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War of 1898.
Topics: Army & Navy Union, Army of the Philippines, Children of the American Revolution, Army of the...
Regional Educational Television Network
The Champlain Valley Context of the War
by RETN
Conference on the War of 1812: On Land, On the Water, and Under the Water Presenter: Erick Tichonuk, Executive Director, Lake Champlain Maritime Museum After being largely ignored in the early days of the War of 1812, Champlain became the focal point in 1814 hosting the last major naval engagement of the war. It has been described as the most significant engagement of the conflict, influencing the very outcome of the war. Although no one will dispute the ferocity of the battle in Plattsburgh...
Topics: Vermont, Burlington, Regional Educational Television Network, RETN, Educational Access TV,...
Newman Numismatic Portal
When Was the War of 1812?
by David Lisot Video Library
As well as a noted numismatist Mark Borckardt is a knowledgeable historian. In this talk he shares the story behind the War of 1812. In the video you will hear about the: * conditions that caused the war * Conscription of US naval sailors by the British and cases where it was most egregious * An account of President Madison's speech to Congress that resulted in a declaration of war * Different areas of fighting and battles Speaker(s): Mark Borckardt.


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We provide Cash on Delivery service to most parts of India for a worry free shopping experience.
We ship our products to most parts around the globe. The shipping charges applicable will depend upon your location.
Free shipping charges for orders above Rs. 445 all over India.
Phone-lines are available from 11 A.M. to 6 P.M. IST (Mon - Fri).


text:
Canción al 9 de Octubre (Song of October Ninth) is a poem written by José Joaquín de Olmedo in 1821, to commemorate the 1820 Independence of Guayaquil. A mayoral decree on July 8, 1898 officially  declared it as "Himno al 9 de Octubre", and this Anthem in honor of Guayaquil's Independence became widely known as Guayaquil's Anthem.

Cancion al Nueve de Octubre

Lyrics:José Joaquín de Olmedo, 1821.
Music:Ana Villamil Ycaza, 1895.

 CoroSaludemos gozososEn armoniosos cánticosEsta aurora gloriosaQue anuncia libertadLibertad, libertad!I¿Veis esa luz amableque raya en el oriente,cada vez más lucienteen gracia celestial?Esa es la aurora plácida¡que anuncia libertad! Esa es la aurora plácida ¡que anuncia libertad!  IINosotros guardaremoscon ardor indecibletu fuego inextinguible¡oh santa Libertad!Como vestales vírgenesque sirven a tu altar,como vestales vírgenesque sirven a tu altarIIIHaz que en el suelo que amasflorezcan en todas partes el culto de las artesy el honor nacional.Y da con mano pródigalos bienes de la paz,y da con mano pródiga los bienes de la paz.

South American anthems
National symbols of Ecuador
Ecuadorian songs
Ecuadorian poetry

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text:
Yes, Acemoglu and Robinson's review of Piketty is very strange
Posted by dkuehn at 10:45 AM
I'm only about two thirds done with Piketty - it's been very busy this summer between events, getting the dissertation proposal off the ground, and starting work again at the Urban Institute. But I just happened to get to one of the parts in Piketty that Acemoglu and Robinson quote, and it turns out to be an extremely dishonest rendition. They quote this to show that Piketty doesn't think institutions matter (from page 365):
"The fundamental inequality r > g can explain the very high level of capital inequality observed in the nineteenth century, and thus in a sense the failure of the French revolution.... The formal nature of the regime was of little moment compared with the inequality r > g.".
So what is in that ellipses? He explains that the revolution didn't change the course of inequality (relative to monarchical Britain) because the new institutions that were established were much closer to Britain than popular perception in France at the time suggested! It was NOT a big change in institutions, which was why the French revolution did not shift the parameters of the model. Immediately after this he goes on to discuss changes in institutions in the 20th century that WERE substantial enough to impact inequality, and he even reviews how inter-country differences in these institutions explain differences between (for example) Germany and France.
In other words, the real point of this section is that institutions matter a lot, regardless of what the hype and propaganda around the Revolution really said. And not only did A&R get that wrong - they deliberately removed the portion of the quote where he made the point.
I have always taken one of the central theses of Piketty's book to be that institutions are central in shaping wealth and income distributions. He says that over and over again. All of the explanations for the empirical changes in the distribution over time are either (1.) institutions, or (2.) shocks (which, given the nature of these shocks, inevitably also have institutional origin). Apparently it's not just Acemoglu and Robinson that missed this memo. I have since had conversations with people who suggest that discussion of institutional determinants of inequality is minimal and that Piketty is just "covering his butt" when he mentions it. But as far as I can tell that's the whole point - the analysis is grounded in inequality.
Piketty without institutions in the capital share of income section could probably survive. Piketty without institutions in the inequality section of the book simply wouldn't exist any more. I mean, you'd have the data I guess, but the analysis is entirely institutional until you get to the last third of the book where he brings some of the subsumed Solow model (all that r > g stuff) back in to talk about with institutions
"Cover your butt" for these people seems to mean "have as your main emphasis for several hundred pages". This is like saying Milton Friedman wasn't all that concerned with money!
Am I the only one to find the Acemoglu and Robinson review of Piketty strange?
I have taken one of the central tenets of Piketty to be that institutions are central to the determination of wealth and income inequality. The "laws of capitalism" act on capital ratios and even the capital share of income, but given an institutional environment that determines r (in conjunction, of course, with technology itself). And certainly institutions determine wealth and income distributions more broadly.
That's like the one thing that he says over and over and over again: institutions, institutions, institutions.
But Acemoglu and Robinson have a review out that seems like it has a lot of interesting stuff on the focus on the top shares, etc., but that centrally claims that Piketty doesn't think institutions matter.
This seems really strange to me.
Reswitching and the Minimum Wage: An Austrian doing Sraffian Economics that is not Bob Murphy
Don Boudreaux walks through an interesting exercise where the minimum wage leads to switching between two production techniques as a possible reason for increased employment as a result of the minimum wage. The logic from Don is as follows:
"Suppose that the two lowest-cost options for Acme Co. to produce Q amount of output X are as follows (and reckoned on an hourly cost basis):
1) 10 hours of low-skilled labor combined with 50 dollars of capital expenses;
2) 11 hours of skilled labor combined with 30 dollars of capital expenses.
If the prevailing hourly wage for low-skilled workers is $7.25, then Acme Co.'s hourly production costs will be $122.50 if it goes with option 1. ($72.50 for ten hours of low-skilled labor plus $50 of capital expenses.) If the prevailing hourly wage for skilled workers is $8.41 or higher, then Acme will use option 1; it will produce X using low-skilled rather than skilled labor. (If Acme employs 11 skilled workers at $8.41 per hour, and uses with these workers $30 of capital every hour, Acme's hourly production costs are $122.51 – higher than the total costs of hiring ten low-skilled workers at $7.25 per hour along with $50 worth of capital each hour.)
Now let the minimum wage be raised to (say) $8.41 per hour. If Acme continues to produce Q amount of X each hour by employing ten low-skilled workers, along with $50 worth of capital, Acme's hourly production costs would rise from $122.50 to $134.10. (Ten low-skilled workers at $8.41 per hour = $84.10; adding $50 of hourly capital expenses sums to $134.10 per hour.) But by instead employing 11 skilled workers at $8.41 per hour, along with $30 worth of capital, Acme's hourly production costs will rise only by one cent, to $122.51."
First, I want to give kudos to Don for spelling this out when many people (myself included) were confused by a previous post where he said that increased supply from a minimum wage might increase overall employment. Actually that still confuses me and it's not at all what he has here (here it's a demand shock, not a supply shock that's occurring). This provides a sensible (likelihood is another question I'll get to in a moment) explanation of a result that empirical analyses seem to point to - and a result that is not one that is particularly amenable to Don's own views on the minimum wage as policy.
It's also interesting, though, because reswitching situations like this are typically highlighted by left-heterodox economists and Sraffians, most notably during the Cambridge capital controversy. For all Don complains about fairly standard models with turnover, fixed hiring costs, and monopsony power as explanations of the minimum wage, this invocation of reswitching is a much bigger departure from received neoclassical economics.
So what do we make of it? In practice I doubt it's a major contributor to the lack of a disemployment effect in the best empirical analyses. A lot of the studies have focused on low-skill service sector work where the opportunity for this sort of reswitching seems like it would be minimal. It seems like it would be much easier as a manager to make low-skill workers more productive than it would be to change a production process, particularly because the reswitching usually involves a capital-labor substitution of some sort. Add in the fixed costs of making the switch in the first place and it just doesn't seem likely. But if there are any good examples where something like this is going on that would be really interesting and I'd love to hear about it. The result is so anomalous I think it's likely that lots of things are going on to drive the result and this might be part of the puzzle.
My review of Peter Boettke's book "Living Economics"
Is here.
Some outtakes:
"Peter Boettke's Living Economics gets off to an inauspicious start. Although the book's principal plea is for people to "live" economics passionately, it begins with a rhetorical assault on one of the greatest and most passionate practitioners of economics in the history of the science, John Maynard Keynes. To the average economist or economics student, Boettke seems to be sending mixed signals from the outset. Are we supposed to be "living economics" or policing ourselves for any traces of Keynesianism—or "mainstream economics", or "market failure", etc.?"
"Credulous readers of Boettke are likely to walk away with the impression that a "Smithian Keynesian" is an oxymoron. Such credulous readers will find themselves woefully unprepared for real world interactions with economists outside the George Mason University orbit. Rather than engage those who see things differently as scientists, Boettke unfortunately chooses to brands their views as "dogma" (p. 304) or a "disease on the body politic" (p. 12). This is not just my interpretation. A more sympathetic David Gordon, in his review of the book, describes Boettke as waging "a battle" against "false doctrine", a doctrine that is promoted in a "quest" for a "false god".
It's little wonder that Boettke occasionally feels that his perspective on economics is marginalized! Who would want to talk economics with someone that's going to call them a dogmatist or wage a battle against them, and then present said battle to students as good economics?"
Krugman's other forays into public choice
David Henderson rightly praises a recent post by Paul Krugman on the motivations to go to war, and notes the use of public choice logic in the post. Really it's just good old fashioned political economy. "Public choice" is more a name for a particular group of political economists and the literature they produce, but the approach of explaining the incentives of "the sovereign" is long-standing. I agree with David it was a great piece on war, but I have a different favorite Krugman foray into public choice - one that I think is in woeful need of elaboration by other economists: his discussion of public choice explanations of austerity.
Public choice dealings with fiscal policy I think have had a lot more success as micro explanations - explaining why certain spending decisions get made or not - than as macro explanations of the broader fiscal stance. My favorite illustration of this is Democracy in Deficit, published by Buchanan and Wagner in 1977 to explain oh how awful Keynes was for fiscal responsibility. Publication of the book came after several decades of declining federal debt as a share of GDP, right before debt as a share of GDP would reach its lowest point in the post-war period in 1981 (and right after a very-close-to-lowest-point in 1974). After the late 1970s when Keynes was tossed as a guide for fiscal policy, monetary policy ruled the macro-stabilization roost, and tax and spending decisions were made on a non-Keynesian basis of course the debt began to climb rapidly. I'm not claiming the debt burden will never climb under Keynesian principles. It ought to sometimes! But the entire public choice framework for thinking about fiscal policy from a macro perspective was completely out of sync with what was going on in the real world, outside their office windows.
Enter Paul Krugman.
A year ago (almost exactly a year ago, as it happens), Paul Krugman was blogging about an issue that has bugged me for a while now - what is a good economic explanation for why politicians are embracing austerity? Why has federal spending flat-lined in the midst of a depression? Why have we been flirting with and actually imposing shut-downs. Why the sequestration? And why have comparable policies been put in place in Europe? It is perhaps the most important public choice/political economy problems of our time but we aren't making nearly as much progress on the answer as we are on more standard macro questions (like how monetary and fiscal policy work in a liquidity trap). Krugman decided to reach back to Kalecki (1943) for insights, following Mike Konczal's lead (as well as Naomi Klein, but I think Kalecki is the more fertile route for academics). A sampling:
"Noah Smith recently offered an interesting take on the real reasons austerity garners so much support from elites, no matter hw badly it fails in practice. Elites, he argues, see economic distress as an opportunity to push through "reforms" — which basically means changes they want, which may or may not actually serve the interest of promoting economic growth — and oppose any policies that might mitigate crisis without the need for these changes... And the lineage goes back even further. Two and a half years ago Mike Konczal reminded us of a classic 1943 (!) essay by Michal Kalecki, who suggested that business interests hate Keynesian economics because they fear that it might work — and in so doing mean that politicians would no longer have to abase themselves before businessmen in the name of preserving confidence."
I think this explanation has potential merit in particular cases. A simpler, general explanation is of course that voters have an antipathy to deficits and often analogize governments to households and perhaps the political system is responding to those demands accordingly. It's a little unsatisfying for an economist because the argument is based on preferences and ignorance, but "unsatisfying for economists" is not always the same thing as "wrong". In that case, the answer is perhaps stronger economics education.
I am not sure we have a great answer yet - it needs more work (perhaps Econlib can spearhead something, David?). But I do believe that getting a grip on the political economy of austerity is one of the more important questions that economists are going to have to grapple with. I can muse but my day to day work is in empirical labor stuff and I am getting less scope to be creative lately (hopefully once a few obligations have passed that might change a little). What we need is someone with expertise in public choice and political economy to tackle it. Any takers?
Two more points on the Phillips Curve discussion
I know this Magness guy is really not worth the time investment, but before I leave this behind I wanted to share this great passage from Samuelson-Solow on the difficulty of pinning down microfoundations (which, as you'll recall from the last post, is the point of the paper - to discuss competing microfoundational explanations of the Phillips Curve floating around in the 50s). From page 191:
"We have concluded that it is not possible on the basis of a priori reasoning to reject either the demand-pull or cost-push hypothesis, or the variants of the latter such as demand-shift. We have also argued that the empirical identifications needed to distinguish between these hypotheses may be quite impossible from the experience of macrodata that is available to us; and that, while use of microdata might throw additional light on the problem, even here identification is fraught with difficulties and ambiguities."
They go on to talk about a hypothetical natural experiment (they don't use that term obviously) and how it could potentially sort things out.
This is, of course, the Lucas critique. It just took Lucas to really make it stick.
The second point I want to make is that when you're talking about history of thought you really need to distinguish between what contribution (say) Friedman actually made to the discussion and what contribution Friedman said he made (or even what contribution the textbook or the Nobel prize committee said he made... because you don't do intellectual history by polling practitioners). It's trivial to find Friedman saying those crazy Keynesians didn't realize the Phillips Curve isn't stable. If the question is "how did Friedman describe his own research program" that has a different answer from the question of "how did Friedman fit into the history of the Phillips Curve".
Also, my daughter is a natural born empirical economist
May or may not be posed
The history of economic thought is not a food fight: Phillips Curve edition
One thing I hate and tried to teach my students to avoid in the History of Economic Thought class is the tendency to view intellectual history as a food fight - some kind of extended battle between the good guys and the bad guys. A great example of this is the Keynesv. Hayek rap and the whole idea that this is a fight stretching over the centuries. Of course there are disagreements - and certainly there was a disagreement between Keynes and Hayek - but nothing like these epic battles which dumb down the actual scientific discussion. This weekend I got into an argument with Phil Magness, a program director at the Institute for Humane Studies, about the Phillips Curve. He sees the history of the Phillips Curve very much in these terms: a Keynesian vs. non-Keynesian fight where Keynesians opportunistically used relationships in the data to push a policy preference. Friedman, Phelps, and Lucas came in to save the day and destroy the Phillips Curve, and nobody makes use of the Phillips Curve now except for "peripheral Keynesians" (his words).
Two notes: (1.) This will be long, but I'm going to divide it into sections to help focus on the main points. So if you're not going to bother reading it all, please at least skim the section headings. (2.) None of this is hidden knowledge or original digging on my part – in fact I think it's fairly widely known among people that care about this stuff. A lot of this is pulled from Leeson and Young's (2008) "Mythical Expectations", Robert Gordon's (2011) "The History of the Phillips Curve: Consensus and Bifurcation", several articles by James Forder, and some from the primary sources. I'm not going to cite them formally below because this is not a formal write-up.
This is written sort of on the fly. There are a lot of subtle differences between these perspectives (prices vs. wages, direction of causality, reasons for LR/SR differences, etc.) so if some of it is a bit off don't get too upset with me and let me know so I can adjust.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
"No one supposes that a good induction can be arrived at merely by counting cases. The business of strengthening the argument chiefly consists in determining whether the alleged association is stable, when accompanying conditions are varied"
- John Maynard Keynes, 1921
1. Expectations augmentation did not start with Friedman and Phelps.
Expectations have been important to economists for a long time. Malthus, Ricardo, and Bastiat all extensively discussed how taking expectations about the future into account often changes results in static models or models that don't include expectations. When it comes to expectations in macroeconomics, this was not new in the 1960s either.
The two really obvious cases are Keynes (1936) and Hayek (1937). Expectations play an enormous role in the General Theory in determining policy effectiveness. Keynes's interest in expectations and belief formation generally go back to his Treatise on Probability, some common interests with Frank Ramsey, etc. This is all very well known, and it was at the time. Hicks said in his review of the General Theory that 'From the standpoint of pure theory, the use of the method of expectations is perhaps the most revolutionary thing about this book' (see Forder, "The Historical Place of the Friedman-Phelps Expectations Critique"). For Keynes expectations fed primarily into entrepreneur's investment decisions and the liquidity preference function. They played less of a role in his analysis of consumption, at least in the General Theory (he seems to get at some of these ideas as they relate to consumption in How to Pay for the War, but I have yet to look closely at that). In any case, as far as the science is concerned this would come in later with Modigliani and Friedman, etc.. Hayek initially did not make expectations as central as Keynes as far as I can tell, but he made up for that in his 1937 paper "Economics and Knowledge" which laid a lot of the groundwork for how to think about defining a dynamic equilibrium in terms of expectations.
Much of this was not formalized until later - a point I'll come back to. In the early formalizations of all of these ideas in the 1930s and before of course you start out simple, perhaps not formalizing the more complicated ideas, and then build up. But that is very different from saying that nobody understood or thought about the role of expectations.
This is getting far afield of the Phillips Curve (of course there was no Phillips Curve per se at this point). However, even at the very beginning of work on the Phillips Curve people understood the importance of expectations and appreciated each other's insights. Most notably, Leeson and Young (2008) report that Friedman actually got the equation for adaptive expectations from Phillips in 1952. He was fascinated by Phillips's work (at this point, principally the machine although the Phillips Curve grew out of that) but understood that the implicit assumption of the model was an expectation of stability. Friedman asked Phillips how he would model expectations that were potentially unstable, and he produced the adaptive expectations equation that Cagan would make so famous in his analysis of hyperinflation (which, if you think about it, is just Friedman/Phelps with half a Phillips Curve!). The Cagan analysis would of course be adapted by the rational expectations revolution as well. So Friedman certainly was not under the impression that the early thinking on the Phillips Curve was done in ignorance of expectation augmentation. Interestingly enough, Friedman twice offered Phillips a job at the University of Chicago (which he twice turned down).
So even in these early years expectations were an important part of economics, the germ of later developments came from Phillips himself, and there was no sense that the scientific questions these men were probing were "peripheral". What about Samuelson and Solow?
2. The difference between Friedman/Phelps and Samuelson/Solow was a difference of (a.) formalism, and (b.) the natural rate hypothesis. It was not a disagreement about whether the Phillips Curve existed or whether it was stable. Everyone agreed that it did exist and it was not necessarily stable.
I really don't need to overcomplicate this: If you think Samuelson and Solow (1960) said that the Phillips Curve offers a stable menu of trade-offs between inflation and unemployment there is an extraordinarily high probability that you simply have not read Samuelson and Solow (1960). Not reading them is OK in my opinion. I am not one of those people that think every single person should take history of economic thought. But by the same token if you're going to make a claim about the article you should probably... I dunno… read the article?
Samuelson and Solow (1960) are actually principally concerned not with a menu of policy options (though that comes up) so much as with the fight going on at the time between cost-push, demand-pull and other lesser varieties of explanations of inflation. But they do come back to how to think about the Phillips Curve on page 193 where they (very famously) write:
"Aside from the usual warning that these are simply our best guesses we must give another caution. All of our discussion has been phrased in short-run terms, dealing with what might happen in the next few years. It would be wrong, though, to think that our Figure 2 menu that relates obtainable price and unemployment behavior will maintain its same shape in the longer run. What we do in a policy way during the next few years might cause it to shift in a definite way.
Thus, it is conceivable that after they had produced a low-pressure economy, the believers in demand-pull might be disappointed in the short run; i.e., prices might continue to rise even though unemployment was considerable. Nevertheless, it might be that the low-pressure demand would so act upon wage and other expectations as to shift the curve downward in the longer run-so that over a decade, the economy might enjoy higher employment with price stability than our present-day estimate would indicate.
But also the opposite is conceivable. A low-pressure economy might build up within itself over the years larger and larger amounts of structural unemployment (the reverse of what happened from 1941 to 1953 as a result of strong war and postwar demands). The result would be an upward shift of our menu of choice, with more and more unemployment being needed just to keep prices stable.
Since we have no conclusive or suggestive evidence on these conflicting issues, we shall not attempt to give judgment on them. Instead we venture the reminder that, in the years just ahead, the level of attained growth will be highly correlated with the degree of full employment and high-capacity output."
Let's take a tally of what is here and what isn't here to better understand what was so important about Friedman and Phelps. First, Samuelson and Solow definitely don't think the Phillip's Curve offers a stable menu of policy options. They definitely recognize that it is a short-run trade-off. They also definitely recognize that policy choices impact the long run state of the Phillips Curve and they definitely recognize that expectations determine the long run state of the Phillips Curve.
What don't Samuelson and Solow offer us? Well they don't have a clear vertical long run Phillips Curve (i.e., they don't have a natural rate). They have shifting curves in mind, which actually is what the data do end up looking like. If you read the rest of the article you'll know that they also don't have a model or any formal presentation of expectations. Part of the reason for this, of course, is that the whole point of their article is that the jury is still out on the theoretical underpinning of the Phillips Curve. We get both of these things from Phelps and Friedman, who set the ball rolling for modern macroeconomics: rational expectations, the Lucas critique, New Classical macro, New Keynesian macro, and what is sometimes called the "New Consensus" model.
The nature of adjustment depends of course on how expectations are formed, but the result of a NAIRU pops out as long as you assume that (1.) in the long run expectations have to conform to reality and (2.) full employment is determined by technical/exogenous factors. Phelps offers a more formalized picture than Friedman does and therefore has a more direct impact on later New Classical and New Keynesian Phillips Curves.
Some people, when discussing Samuelson and Solow on the stability of the Phillips Curve, like to point out that they thought that the curve shifted somewhat in the 1940s and 1950s or that differences in labor market institutions (principally unions) can explain some of the differences between the UK and the US. That's all well and good but I think the passage above is what really drives the point home.
3. The contributions of Lucas were (a.) the introduction of much stronger assumptions about expectations and (b.) broader insights about the importance of using structural models.
Lucas comes at all this from a completely different angle because he's interested in making a point about how we do modeling in macroeconomics. In the seminal Lucas island model, agents are assumed to be unaware of how much of the short run variation in their prices are due to general price level changes and how much is due to changes in the relative demand for their product. If they knew, they would not change their behavior in response to general price level changes but because they don't know there is production (and therefore labor demand) response to price level changes: a Phillips Curve. The agents know the underlying probability distribution of all these components of the price and they have rational expectations, so in the long-run they can't be fooled. There is, therefore, a slight difference in emphasis (though I wouldn't say a fundamental difference) between Friedman's argument and Lucas's. In the island model the Phillips Curve comes from fooling people and you can't fool people in the long run. In Friedman the Phillips Curve comes from more standard demand arguments and you can't escape real factors in the long run. That's a little stylized, but put in these terms it's clear how Lucas is making much stronger assumptions about how agents interact with the world around them.
I'm sure Lucas was interested in inflation and unemployment, but the island model is extremely unrealistic (and when you read the paper it's clear he knows that). So his real point, I think, isn't to offer a convincing model of what's going on so much as it is to point out that you can get the same reduced form relationship from a lot of different microfoundations and if you don't know what microfoundations are true you can make policy decisions that can come back to bite you in the long run. This was a bit under the surface in his 1972 paper on the island model but it is front and center in his 1976 paper "Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique". That paper is one of the most important in economics in the twentieth century. When I taught history of economic thought it was the only selection that I made my students (undergrads) read from for our single lesson on post-war short run macroeconomics (I had another lesson on growth theory). With Lucas I think you really get the whole path of post-war short run macro, from the Phillips Curve discussion through microfoundations, rational expectations, the rise of New Classical macroeconomics, and the structure of New Keynesian macroeconomics when it emerged. All of this pivots on Lucas.
But what didn't Lucas say? Lucas definitely didn't say there was no Phillips Curve or that it was "peripheral" (Magness's words). It was quite real and like basically everyone before him he said that the short run and the long run versions were not the same thing. Friedman and Phelps brought formal expectations to the table and a NAIRU, while Lucas brought broader points about microfoundations and rational expectations assumptions to the table.
4. The Phillips Curve is extremely important. Essentially everyone uses it; it is not peripheral. There are active areas of research and disagreement over the Phillips Curve.
As with my Samuelson-Solow discussion, I'm not going to overcomplicate this: if you think the Phillips Curve is unimportant or peripheral to modern economics you're simply wrong. Donald Kohn said that "A model in the Phillips Curve tradition remains at the core of how most academic researchers and policymakers – including me – think about fluctuations in inflation". Although it's important to remember there are a few steps to get from one to the other, the Phillips Curve is essentially just an aggregate supply curve, and the business cycle doesn't really make sense without the aggregate supply curve. However, the fact that that's settled doesn't mean that there's nothing interesting happening in the literature. I'm no expert in this area, but I think there are at least two important discussions going on.
First, it's not entirely clear that the long run Phillips Curve is vertical. There's good empirical evidence indicating that the long run Phillips Curve might be backward bending or otherwise downward sloping at low inflation levels. There are a variety of reasons offered for why this might be the case that are typically related to wage bargaining and rigidity or cognitive limitations around very low inflation levels (inflation is most costly to estimate and account for when it is high). This literature is generally associated with Palley in the Post-Keynesian world and Akerlof, Dickens, and Perry in the mainstream literature. Of course it has been of great interest lately with better anchored inflation expectations and subdued inflation during the Great Recession. This one is potentially huge because it does actually claim a (limited) long run trade-off.
The other, older discussion concerns "hysteresis" and whether the NAIRU is really stable. If the NAIRU is a function of past unemployment it could move around. Notice this is not just an observation that supply shocks could occur (which arguably is just a change in exogenous/technical factors and thus consistent with the original NAIRU idea). These are demand-side factors with a long-run impact on the NAIRU (albeit potentially through supply-side channels like skill degradation). This also has Post-Keynesian counterparts, and it is also of interest lately given the experience of persistent high unemployment.
None of this is "peripheral" stuff, I should add. Some of the biggest names in the field have wrestled with both of these questions, particularly the hysteresis issue.
Yes, Acemoglu and Robinson's review of Piketty is ...
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To install Rentomy you'll need at least a minimal installation of RedHat/CentOS version 7 Linux operating system and an internet connection.
Rentomy is written in C using Cloudgizer.
First you'll install Cloudgizer (if you don't have it already) and then install Rentomy application.
When prompted, enter your password twice.
git clone --branch 1.2 https://dasoftver@bitbucket.org/dasoftver/cloudgizer.git .
Next setup the environment and dependencies.
The MariaDB database setup utility will first setup root database password. In here root_pwd is used - use your own password instead. Press Enter to other questions. Note that MariaDB setup may change so the answers may vary.
For Postfix setup, enter web domain of your server (for example myserver.com or localdomain) and web address (for example dev.myserver.com or localhost.localdomain).
You should see Cloudgizer help page.
git clone --branch 1.2 https://dasoftver@bitbucket.org/dasoftver/rentomy.git .
This will create file rentomy.tar.gz in the home directory which you can use to install Rentomy on any machine that has Cloudgizer installed - see the following.
Edit file appinfo. Assuming your email address is youremail@somewhere.com, your server name is yourserver.com, root database password is root_pwd, and the password for new database to be created is example_pwd, set the following variables.
Note that your email address will be the Administrative account. Once installed, you can create a new user with this email address and then sign in as a Rentomy Administrator.
If you want to re-install, you must edit appinfo and supply the passwords again.
You can put this link on your web site for manager sign-up.


text:
Q: trying to query rows of a bridge table I have a bridge table:
PersonTagMap
ID         Autonumber
PersonFK   Integer Foreign key --to Person Table
TagFK      Integer Foreign key --to Tage Table

The data is simple:
ID       PersonFK        TAGFK
1        1               1
2        1               2
3        2               1
4        3               1
5        1               4
6        1               5

etc...
I need:
to find all PersonFKs where the logic is as follows:
either 1 OR 2 AND
either 3 OR 4 AND
either 5 OR 6
so PERSONS who has TAGS 1,3,5 or 1,3,6 or 1,4,5 or 1,4,6 or 2,3,5 or 2,3,6 or 2,4,5 or 2,4,6
I tried:
select PersonFK from PeopleTagMap PTM
where (PTM.peopletagid = 1 or PTM.peopletagid = 2) AND
(PTM.peopletagid =3 or PTM.peopletagid = 4) AND
(PTM.peopletagid =5 or PTM.peopletagid = 6)

but if I use the example data above, I do not get a response, even though person 1 does have combination 1,4,5.
Any wisdom would be greatly appreciated

A: Please, use following query
    DECLARE @tblPerson AS TABLE( ID INT IDENTITY(1,1),
                             PersonFK INT,
                             TAGFK INT)
INSERT INTO @tblPerson(PersonFK,TAGFK)
     VALUES(1,1), (1,2) , (2,1),   (3,1),   (1,4),   (1,5)

SELECT PersonFK
FROM @tblPerson
WHERE (TAGFK =1 OR TAGFK =2)
INTERSECT
SELECT PersonFK
FROM @tblPerson
WHERE (TAGFK =3 OR TAGFK =4)
INTERSECT
SELECT PersonFK
FROM @tblPerson
WHERE (TAGFK =5 OR TAGFK =6)

A: You can use group by and having for this purpose:
select PersonFK
from PeopleTagMap PTM
group by PersonFK
having sum(case when PTM.peopletagid = 1 or PTM.peopletagid = 2 then 1 else 0 end) > 0 and
       sum(case when PTM.peopletagid = 3 or PTM.peopletagid = 4 then 1 else 0 end) > 0 and
       sum(case when PTM.peopletagid = 5 or PTM.peopletagid = 6 then 1 else 0 end) > 0;


This page helps answer: how do I use the word cornfield in a sentence? How do you use cornfield in a sentence? Can you give me a sentence for the word cornfield?
Example sentences with the word cornfield, a sentence example for cornfield, and cornfield in sample sentence.


The Embroiderers' Guild NSW Inc.
Encouraging the art of embroidery with a high standard of design and technique.
The 'Guild' is a not-for-profit membership body for anyone and everyone who loves to stitch or would love to learn. People of all ages and walks of life join the Guild for all sorts of reasons: following their creative urge; mastery of a new skill; a love of traditional crafts; memories of learning from family members; the company of like-minded people - just to name a few!
Why not Join Us, select a Group (optional) then take time out for fun and creativity.
We are very excited once again to be given the opportunity to showcase the Guild in the Craft &a..
Symposium, Exhibitions, Workshops, Lectures, Library displays and talks, Sampler sharing days an..
Friday 19 to Sunday 21 July 2019 A weekend of stitching in an idyllic setting. This is a fu..


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. Südwestdeutschl. 31: 92 (1972)

#### Original name
Fuscidea gothoburgensis f. gothoburgensis (H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vezda

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The formula of PhenQ is made with only 100% all-natural components. A lot of the components are well known agents that aid with increasing the metabolic rate or dropping weight and also can be found in lots of various other nutritional supplements. What actually establishes this supplement apart is its patented 'secret component' known as α-Lacys Reset.
The firm decreases to offer any type of insight into just what α-Lacys Reset is constructed from aside from to claim it functions to boost your body's natural thermogenic (warm making) procedures. Setting off these processes trigger the body to grow hotter as well as therefore to shed even more calories. It additionally works to quicken the price at which food is metabolized. Whenever the body experiences a boost in thermogenesis (elevating in body temperature level) it will use up a lot of power to either preserve that temperature level or to cool down the body down. By targeting the hormones that manage this body feature, α-Lacys Reset encourages the body to melt even more calories and also previously stored fat than ordinary diet pills.
Inning accordance with a research published on the product's website, clinical trials on α-Lacys Reset have led to volunteers shedding an average of 7.24% of their body fat as well as 3.44% of their overall body weight. α-Lacys Reset not only motivates weight loss yet additionally stimulates the manufacturing of muscles. In the PhenQ study, participants saw on average a 3.80% increase in their muscle mass.
In addition to α-Lacys Reset, the supplement includes components such as Capismax Powder, Calcium Carbonate, Chromium Picolinate, Caffeine, Nopal, and also L-Carnitine Fumarate. A consumer needs to know that no place on the website or on the bottle are the dosage amounts of each component provided. This especially is stressing when it come to High levels of caffeine.
Capismax Powder is a mix of Capsicum, Piperine (black pepper), Caffeine, and also Niacin (vitamin B3). The primary active ingredient of the powder is Capsicum. Capsicum is an all-natural ingredient that can be located in a wide selection of peppers, especially bell peppers and also chili peppers.
It is traditionally used to deal with upset stomachs as it significantly accelerates metabolic process. It also enhances blood flow, helping the body to really feel stimulated and also sharp. Like α-Lacys Reset, Capsicum promotes thermogenesis, though its major reason for incorporation in the supplement's formula may have more to do with mitigating negative side effects such as queasiness.
Calcium Carbonate is a substance made up of carbon, oxygen, as well as calcium. It can be found naturally in rocks throughout the globe. It is most frequently found in antacid medications but likewise has special nutritional features.
Calcium Carbonate prevents the body from producing brand-new fat cells by signaling that the body is already well nourished and for that reason has no need to store any longer fat. So rather than transforming calories into fat, your body melts them all as energy. This not only aids you drop weight however likewise boosts your energy levels.
The benefits of Chromium Picolinate have actually been recognized given that the 1950s. The substance is originated from Chromium (a steel) as well as Picolinic Acid. It is among the necessary 'trace elements' needed for the body to work. Chromium Picolinate plays a necessary role in regulating your body's sugar levels by promoting the level of sensitivity of insulin receptors.
Although it is largely used to assist individuals suffering from diabetic issues, Chromium Picolinate likewise has dietary advantages. It reduces your food cravings for carbs, especially sugars, which can make weight loss much easier to birth. By helping your body make better use its insulin, this trace element boosts energy as well as enhances athletic efficiency.
The impacts of High levels of caffeine are popular and it is, in fact, the most commonly consumed psychedelic medication on earth. High levels of caffeine stimulates wakefulness and also alertness by obstructing adenosine, a normally taking place compound that causes sleepiness. Such an energizer is essential to combat the unpreventable diet regimen exhaustion.
Caffeine also impacts the main nerve system and also boosts state of mind, cognitive capabilities, as well as body sychronisation. There is some evidence to suggest that High levels of caffeine promotes the metabolic process. Nonetheless, these searchings for are circumspect.
Nopal is the Mexican Spanish term for the Prickly Pear Cactus. Nopal contains a high quantity of fiber, which could make you really feel less hungry, in addition to pectin, a representative that lowers the absorption of sugar in the belly and intestines, consequently, reducing overall blood sugar degrees. Additionally, Nopal is abundant in amino acids- the crucial foundation for muscular tissue mass. Lastly, Nopal works to purge liquids from your body, aiding you to show up thinner as well as much more muscle by minimizing water retention as well as bloating.
The last stated component is L-Carnitine Fumarate, an amino acid normally found in red meat and also nuts. L-Carnitine works to transform currently stored fat right into power- aiding you to drop weight as well as stay stimulated. Without a doubt, a lack of L-Carnitine could trigger your body to discontinue melting kept fat completely.
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Opening the door to more members paved the way for us to become "the provider of choice for the military community." I've been at USAA for about 14 years now, …... I am interested in how my company can become a part of the USAA family. We would like to work with the military (active and retired) Can someone contact me with information. We would like to work with the military (active and retired) Can someone contact me with information.
The United Services Automobile Association, more commonly known as USAA, is a Texas-based financial services company that only allows current or former members of the Armed Services, and their family members, to join.... Use USAA ® Money Manager USAA® Money Manager is a data aggregation service and does not provide any investment advice. to get a better view of your spending — even from non-USAA accounts. Information on non-USAA accounts is governed by the Non-USAA Account Access Agreement .
USAA is top-rated for its banking products and insurance. But its sweet deals are only available to those who have served in the military, as well as their spouses and children.... Use USAA ® Money Manager USAA® Money Manager is a data aggregation service and does not provide any investment advice. to get a better view of your spending — even from non-USAA accounts. Information on non-USAA accounts is governed by the Non-USAA Account Access Agreement .
9/01/2011 · Does my USAA auto deductible collision and or comprehensive policy cover damages from someones pushing my car with her car with my permission? By Qinsure in forum Insurance Questions Forum Does my USAA auto insurance collision and comprehensive insurance policy cover damage from someone's pushing my car with her car with my permission?


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HomeEntertainmentAkudama Drive Season 2: Release Date, Plot, Preview
Akudama Drive Season 2: Release Date, Plot, Preview
We made a game with visuals that are really good. It is about the future.
The story is set in a world that was destroyed by war. The war between the two parts of Japan ended with Kanto winning and it became the new leader over all people from the other part of Japan.
This is the latest release of a book. We have an update on the cast and plot.
At the time of their raid, they were joined by another criminal named Swindler. There is no update yet on when we'll get to see season 2 of Akudama Drive's release date. But we can still wonder and guess about it.
In the first season of Akudama Drive, Taguchi and Cahoe said they were influenced by Quentin Tarantino and Ridley Scott. We provide information about it.
1. Will Akudama Drive Season 2 Renew Or Not?
2. Akudama Drive Season 2 Release Date
3. Akudama Drive Season 2 Plot
4. Akudama Drive Season 1 Recap!
Will Akudama Drive Season 2 Renew Or Not?
Studio Pyrot made the first season of this anime. And since it released its first season, no one has heard of the show's second season. Pierrot, which produced it for TV networks and DVDs sales, won't renew or cancel the project's future installments.
Many people do not like this TV show. But they have not watched it for a long time, so I do not think they will make another season 2. This means that there is a low chance of a second season.
Akudama Drive Season 2 Release Date
I do not know if Akudama Drive will be on TV. There are 12 episodes now. I do not know what will happen after that.
If Akudama Drive Season 2 isn't renewed, the show will not come back until 2022 at the earliest.
Akudama Drive Season 2 Plot
In the last episode of season one, Akudama Drive pleads with a courier to help him take children to safety. He leaves 500 yen for him.
The courier realizes that this will be his last time seeing her. He takes the money and leaves before Swinder fights against the warriors. The caretakers manage to trap him for a moment before he has a rebellion after the warriors kill Swinder.
The courier told the children to go on without him and gave them 500 yen. The phone rang again and he said it would be dangerous for him to keep talking. So he said goodbye.
There is high demand for a sequel to Akudama Drive. This would be interesting because we could explore what happens after all the character deaths and see more new characters in season 2.
Books about hackers who are also drone users.
The courier delivered the package to the person who had paid for it. The courier did not care about anything else.
The Doctor is a sexy surgeon, chemist, and doctor who can heal himself.
Throttle is very interested in red and was on death row but then he was freed by the akudama.
She was arrested because she did not pay her food bill. She sometimes works in the Kansai Seal Office.
Also Read: – Arifureta Season 2: Release Date, Cast, Plot, Storyline
Akudama Drive Season 1 Recap!
Now the world is getting worse and police in Kansai are weak, people do not have the power to control.
One would think that a city with never-ending screens and neon lights would be perfect. But instead, the dark alleys are full of fugitives known as Akudama.
A few years ago, someone put in a lot of money to free the jackfruit. They go to the Kansai Police Department and they find out that someone else has already done it.
The reward for capturing these people is the chance to work on a big mission. You will need to go into Shinkansen and steal something from a vault in front of the platform.
There is an innocent girl who has been caught. It's a hard job but we need to fight the people that don't want her executed.
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Orlando Festival
About Orlando Festival
Join and Visit
Musicians, teachers and coaches
Musici
Shunske Sato
Musician, teachter 11 – 14 August 2022
Shunske Sato (1984) is one of the best violinists of his generation. As of season 2018-2019 he is artistic leader of the Dutch Bach Association. His versatility and experience, both on modern and authentic instruments, form a solid basis for this position. From the very first lectern he will lead the ensemble in programmes with music by Bach and his contemporaries. He is also concertmaster of Concerto Köln and is regularly asked to lead the Freiburger Barockorchester, among others.
Shunske has been playing the violin since he was two years old and studied at the Juilliard School in New York, Paris and Munich, with Dorothy DeLay, Masao Kawasaki, Gérard Poulet and Mary Utiger.
In 2010 he won the audience prize and the second prize of the Johann Sebastian Bach Competition in Leipzig. He has performed with the Deutsche Oper orchestra in Berlin, the NHK Symphony Orchestra, the Bayerischen Rundfunks Symphony Orchestra in Munich, the Academy of Ancient Music and The Australian Brandenburg Orchestra, among others. He has worked with conductors such as Richard Egarr, Christopher Hogwood, Vaclav Luks, Kent Nagano and Jos van Veldhoven.
Shunske Sato is principal study teacher in baroque violin at the Conservatory of Amsterdam. He lives in the Netherlands, is married to pianist Shuann Chai and has a daughter.
Larisa Trio
Overview musicians
Stichting Kamermuziek Limburg
6460 AE Kerkrade
HuB – Verdipassage 2
6461 DS Kerkrade
info@orlandofestival.nl
Henk Guittart
Director/Artistic director
Nicole Geerlings
Business manager/Producer
Bas Clabbers
Coordinator Ad Hoc
Ad 's-Gravesande
Jurjen Toepoel
Jo Spaubeck
Bram de Vree
Committee of Recommendation
Louis Andriessen †
Prof. Ir. J.M.J. Coenen,
Janine Jansen
Prof. Dr. Ir. J.M.M. Ritzen,
Honorary Professor Maastricht University
Jaap van Zweden
© Orlando Festival 2022
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Trending Watch LX The Ten RealiTea With Derek Z Mom 2 Mom Chef's Pantry Morning Chat Project Innovation
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Boston Business Journal
businesses Dec 9, 2020
Mass. Business Leaders on New COVID Rules: 'It Could Have Been Worse'
Business leaders in Massachusetts expressed a measure of relief on Tuesday that the Baker administration's new COVID-19 restrictions fell short of a widespread shutdown, while still expressing concern for struggling businesses, especially those required to close. For most businesses, the rollback means they can still operate, but under slightly stricter conditions. Retailers, gyms, museums and corporate offices are limited...
Tom Brady Dec 3, 2020
Tom Brady and Gisele Bündchen's Brookline Mansion is Back on the Market
International supermodel Gisele Bündchen and her husband, former New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady, have tapped Maggie Gold Seelig to sell their Brookline home. Seelig is the listing agent for the sellers of 112 Woodland Road in Brookline, and is selling the property privately off market, she said in an email to the Boston Business Journal. Seelig declined to specify…
Boston Business Journal Oct 27, 2020
Boston Beer Plans to Bring These New Brews to Tables in 2021
Sam Adams maker Boston Beer Co. plans to launch several new styles and brands in 2021 to capitalize on growth that comes as the pandemic boosts sales and its stock price. In its third quarter earnings report on Thursday, Boston Beer said it would launch Twisted Iced Tea Hard Seltzer; Samuel Adams Just the Haze, the brand's first non-alcoholic drink; Dogfish Head...
Colleges Halt Spring Breaks in Effort to Avoid COVID-19 Shutdowns
Just months after images of students flooding Florida beaches and eschewing safety protocols for COVID-19 went viral, a growing number of university leaders are drawing a line in the sand with rigid plans for the upcoming spring semester.
Boston Business Journal Oct 7, 2020
Boston-based Santander Bank Lays Off Hundreds
Boston-based Santander Bank recently laid off approximately 200 employees in its consumer and business banking division, according to the unit's new leader, who is shaking up how the bank works with small businesses. The job cuts were split roughly evenly between consumer-banking and business-banking personnel, Pierre Habis, Santander's head of consumer and business banking, said in an interview Tuesday....
Here's How Much Revenue the Red Sox Lost on Game Days With Empty Stands
The Boston Red Sox finished in last place in the American League East, completing a 2020 season unlike any other. The historic season also came with high costs. The pandemic forced each Major League Baseball team's schedule to be cut from its traditional 162 games to a truncated 60-game slate. That meant instead of teams having 81 home games, each…
Boston Business Journal Sep 17, 2020
Raytheon, One of Massachusetts' Largest Employers, Cuts 15,000 Jobs
Raytheon Technologies Corp. confirmed to the Boston Business Journal a report saying the company is cutting 15,000 jobs. The Waltham-based aerospace and defense company, one of the largest employers in Massachusetts, is cutting 15,000 people as part of an effort to reduce $2 billion in costs this year and save $4 billion in cash as the pandemic crushes airline travel,…
State Releases Inspection Data for Elevator That Killed Allston Woman
A state inspector found in March that the elevator that killed an Allston woman this week had a stop-switch problem, but a month later the company that services the elevator told regulators it had fixed the issue, according to inspection records made public Wednesday. On Monday, 38-year-old Boston University lecturer Carrie O'Connor died in an elevator accident at an...
First Look: Proposed Updates to Boston Common
A dog park, more seating and ornamental fencing: America's oldest public park is set to get a facelift. Representatives from the city's parks and recreation department and Reading-based design and engineering firm Weston & Sampson, along with nonprofit organization the Friends of the Public Garden, presented a master plan on Wednesday evening outlining proposed areas where the Boston Common...
Amazon Plans to Hire Over 650 People in Massachusetts
Amazon.com is again hiring in Massachusetts. The Seattle-based e-commerce giant, already one of the largest employers in Massachusetts, is expecting to add more than 650 full-time and part-time jobs in the area, according to spokesperson Stephanie Cortez. She added that Amazon has hired for 15,500 full-time and part-time jobs in Massachusetts. The majority of the new positions will be based…
Boston Business Journal Aug 7, 2020
Massachusetts Hotel Accused of Hosting 300-Person Wedding, Despite Warnings
A Massachusetts hotel hosted back-to-back events last weekend that far exceeded the state's 100-person capacity limit on outdoor events during the pandemic, despite multiple warnings from government officials tipped off to the plans, according to complaints received by state and local officials, Boston Business Journal reported. The hotel was the site of a wedding on Saturday that had 240 guests…
coronavirus Aug 5, 2020
Moderna Confirms Its COVID-19 Vaccine Could Be Industry's Most Expensive
Local biotech firm Moderna Inc. has indicated its COVID-19 vaccine could be one of the most expensive in the industry. Executives from the Cambridge-based company discussed the commercialization plans for its COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-1273, and other business updates during the company's second quarter earnings call Wednesday. There were four key takeaways from the call. Read more at the Boston...
Boston Jun 24, 2020
Boston Approves Ban on Facial Recognition Technology
The Boston City Council voted unanimously Wednesday to pass a ban on the use of facial recognition technology by city government. The move makes Boston the second-largest U.S. city after San Francisco to enact a ban. The city joins several other Massachusetts communities that passed similar bans, including Cambridge, Springfield, Northampton, Brookline and Somerville. The move makes Boston the...
Boston Business Journal Jun 22, 2020
Businesses Frustrated by Delay in Phase 3 of Mass. Reopening
Some business leaders are frustrated with Gov. Charlie Baker's decision to push off the third phase of the reopening the economy, a move that will keep museums, movie theaters, gyms and many tourist attractions closed for at least two more weeks. The governor surprised many in the business community when he said Friday that Phase 3 would not begin until…
Juneteenth Jun 18, 2020
Boston-Area Businesses Look to Make Juneteenth a Paid Holiday
A small but growing number of Boston-area businesses are giving their employees time off for the upcoming Juneteenth holiday, part of the national reckoning that has followed the killing of George Floyd in Minnesota. Juneteenth, celebrated on June 19 each year — this upcoming Friday — commemorates the end of slavery in the U.S. It marks the date in 1865…
WBUR Jun 18, 2020
WBUR Plans to Lay Off 29 People
WBUR plans to lay off 29 people, eliminate seven unfilled positions and halt production of the sports program "Only A Game," as the Boston University-affiliated nonprofit radio station grapples with "the economic fallout of the past several months," CEO Margaret Low said Wednesday. The layoffs affect newsroom leaders Tom Melville, the station's executive news director, as well as Digital Managing Director John Davidow and...
Boston Business Journal Jun 8, 2020
To Protest Police Brutality, Black Professionals Stand, Silent, at Faneuil Hall
The black executives and professionals who make up the Boston Men's Dinner Group typically meet in restaurants or corporate offices after hours, at places like HubSpot and PricewaterhouseCoopers, to network, break bread and enjoy each other's company. But this past weekend, the killing of George Floyd, and the ensuing demonstrations nationwide, prompted the business-minded group's members to do something...
george floyd protests Jun 6, 2020
How Boston Businesses Have Responded to George Floyd Protests
Doug Banks, editor of the Boston Business Journal, reflects on the business response to the George Floyd protests. Plus, how are businesses preparing for Phase 2 of reopening ?
Boston Business Journal May 26, 2020
Charities Warily Eye a 2020 Without a Boston Marathon
As of now, the Boston Marathon is still on for Sept. 14. But media reports this week suggested the race is in jeopardy, given the still-raging global pandemic. Should organizers cancel the marathon, the runners would not be the only disappointed ones. The nonprofits that rely on the marathon, many of them based in Greater Boston, would see yet another…
Mass General Brigham to Lose $400M a Month From COVID-19
Mass General Brigham expects to lose $400M per month due to the coronavirus shutdown. The health network's CFO said even in the first quarter, which included just the start of the pandemic, the system suffered a massive operating loss. It expects to lose $400 million a month for the coming quarter. The system formerly known as Partners HealthCare reported a…
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