text:
Comfort Woman
Erika Krouse
I fell into the job of private investigator because I have one of those faces. It's an ordinary-looking face, but if I ask, 'How are you?' sometimes people start crying. They tell me about their divorces, cancers, miscarriages, dead fathers. I used to think that's just how people were, except they'd say, 'I don't know why I'm telling you this, I barely know you,' or 'I've never told this to anyone before,' or 'What's your name?' Fifteen years ago, it happened with an attorney I had just met at a bookstore (minus the crying), and he said, 'I don't understand. What's happening to me?'
'I'm sorry,' I said. 'It's my face.'
The lawyer's expression changed from sorrow to shrewd scrutiny. He was older than me, successful, a man with expensive shirts that matched his eyes, someone who knew how to turn opportunity into money. 'Come work for me!' he said.
'Doing what?'
'I need a private investigator for my lawsuits. It would be part-time contract work.' He named an hourly rate that was five times what I was making as a temp receptionist at a pharmaceutical company.
I said, 'I have absolutely no experience.'
He said, 'Perfect.'
We exchanged contact information. Three days later, I began my new part-time career as a private investigator.
Our first half dozen cases together were smaller in scope: personal injury, medical malpractice, auto. I showed up and lied to people, which is illegal for attorneys but not for private investigators – not for me. I pretended I was pregnant to investigate a maternal death at a hospital. I pretended to be a triathlete; I pretended to be a wealthy donor; I pretended to have breast cancer. It felt strange to lie to people's faces – wrong, until I discovered that they actually believed me. Success made it easier, at least. And my remaining feelings of guilt disappeared completely once I saw the outcome of my work: orphaned babies and dying mothers would get care, drunk drivers and reckless doctors would have to pay cash for their crimes. I felt like a vigilante. And a good one – we won every lawsuit. We were court-consecrated.
This is easy, I thought, until the lawyer landed a major David-and-Goliath case.
Title IX sexual assault lawsuits are now common in the US, but this was one of the first, back in 2002. Two female college students had been gang-raped by a group of football recruits and players. The women were suing the university for fostering the sexually hostile environment that led to their sexual assaults and harassment. My job was to discover and interview other football rape victims. I was also tasked with gathering evidence for the original crime, and for the rape culture that permeated the university's football program.
The case lasted over five years. During that time I learned interview skills to complement my face's natural tendencies: how to use silence, how and when to ask the right questions, how to detect and subvert deception, how to memorize entire conversations without taking notes, how to follow rumors until they turned to fact, and most of all, how to get people to trust me. Because my job wasn't just getting information. Rapport was the thing.
In his mockumentary Zelig, Woody Allen's character is a 'human chameleon', unconsciously (and physically) mirroring whomever he's talking to at the moment. His empathy is extreme and total. Zelig transforms his manner, appearance, and even his racial identity; he's able to establish instant rapport with everyone from rabbis to Nazis. In the film, Zelig's condition is a mental illness. It's also a talent, one I quickly realized I shared. And that talent made people want to talk to me, even despite themselves.
My Zelig-like face was my biggest asset as a private investigator. My mixed ancestry often prompts people to believe we share a genetic kinship ('Are you Chinese?' 'Are you Jewish?' 'Are you Irish?'). They swear we've met before ('You look so familiar!'), because I always seem to look a little like them. And who doesn't confess to her own mirror?
But the rape case required a new level of Zelig-esque lying. In this university's culture, the football team was a 'greater good' that needed protection. I pretended to agree with players as they insisted that one woman's 'discomfort' was 'worth it if it means winning a championship'. One teen athlete explained patiently, 'This is glory we're talking about. Sometimes you have to make a sacrifice.'
'Oh, yes,' I said, exuding warmth as I internally feared for humanity. 'Can you give me more examples?'
I bought nachos for possible rapists in bars that played, 'Can't Stop, Won't Stop' over the speakers. I met female strangers at the same bars to ask them about getting raped by those players – where, when, how long, by whom, what happened after, what happened before? I bought them drinks, pretending to match their inebriation, wondering if I was playing fair. Alcohol made the football players arrogant enough to tell the truth; it made the victims sad enough to risk talking to me.
For several victims, I was the first person to hear their stories. They told me about their traumas, and then promised to sign affidavits under aliases, hoping the legal threads were so knotted that their most horrific moments wouldn't be printed in the newspaper before they had a chance to tell their parents. As I exerted pressure on these brave women, I quailed inside, even though I knew winning this case could save countless other women from future devastation.
'I don't know why I'm telling you all this,' they repeated, and I didn't say it was my face. I said, 'Maybe you just needed to own your story.' Then I asked them to put it in writing and give it to me.
Poppy was different, which was part of what made her so valuable to the case. I didn't have to unearth her – she sought us out. She wasn't a fragile student victim, or a rapist. She was a madam for an escort service that provided prostitutes for football recruits, directly solicited by the university.
News coverage of the lawsuit had gone national, and Poppy had called a news station to ask them who she should talk to. 'Because, you know, I'm all about supporting the sistas,' she told me. 'And that football recruiter used our service all the time.' Poppy provided prostitutes for him and about a dozen recruits before the police caught her and closed down her business, shortly before she contacted us.
After a brief phone conversation, I met Poppy in person at a small cafe in 2004, and we talked for three hours. She was maybe 180 pounds, with a generous lap and comfortable laugh. She was half-Korean ('Are you Korean?' she asked me), and in her thirties. Her hair was startlingly long, thick and black, with overgrown Bettie Page bangs. She had highlighted her half-moon eyes with sparkly purple eyeshadow. She visibly relaxed when I told her that lunch was on me. 'Good, because I'm broke.' And then she articulately answered every question I asked.
Poppy grew up in Oklahoma. Her father was a 'prick cop' and her mother was a 'full-gospel Christian. If my mother wasn't so high-functioning, you'd think she was schizophrenic. She hears voices and sees God,' Poppy said. Both parents were abusive. Poppy majored in psychology during college, also working as a domestic abuse counselor and a stripper. 'It seems ironic, but I knew I was acting out stuff from my family, even while I was stripping,' she said.
Poppy's grandmother was a 'comfort woman' during World War II, when the Japanese Imperial Army instituted its ianfu state-run military brothel system. Women were abducted into the 'comfort woman' system, or lured with promises of nursing jobs. Once enslaved, the women were considered to be 'public toilets,' there for military use. In the name of reducing battle stress, up to forty soldiers a day raped, beat and tortured each woman, all day and all night. Poppy's grandmother had a tattoo over her heart, which was how the brothel marked the women. She conceived and gave birth while there; the soldiers removed the infant and left it to die outside from exposure.
'I don't know if my grandmother was where I got the idea to work,' Poppy said. 'I got pregnant when I was nineteen, and my son had special needs. He has early-onset bipolar disorder. His medication was $1000 a month, and the doctors told me I had to either hospitalize him or find a way to keep him at home. The first night I went out on a job, I cried and cried. But I made $700.'
When Poppy talked about prostitution, she stopped slouching, and her eyes ignited. She got, well, pretty. 'It's not always sex,' she said. She had an Adult Baby client who outfitted his apartment with an adult-sized crib and high chair. Poppy played babysitter, snapping gum and twirling pigtails while the Adult Baby toddled around in a giant diaper. 'I refuse to change that diaper, though,' she said. The Adult Baby was a lawyer. 'Lawyers are my best clients,' Poppy said, and waited for me to write that down for my memo to the legal team.
Poppy also had a client she knew only as 'Shower Curtain Guy' ('I don't remember names or faces – just anatomy,' she said). Shower Curtain Guy liked to sit on a chair in the middle of the room with a shower curtain draped over his naked body. 'All he wants me to do is lick his chest through the shower curtain. I always make him buy a new one.'
'Why?'
'Because it's unsanitary.'
'No, I mean, why does he want that?'
She shrugged. 'It's usually something to do with their parents.'
Poppy hired 'girls', and took a cut from their earnings. She had a stable of prostitutes by the time the football team started contacting her. 'The recruiter found us through the phone book – we had lines routed all over the place, and classified ads in the PennySaver. He did all the referrals. He wanted black girls or blondes for the recruits – one or the other, always.'
'High school boys wanted to sleep with older women? Prostitutes?'
Poppy winced a little at the word. 'Most of the time, the kid gave the money to the girls. But in some cases the recruiter would say, 'Don't let the kid know this is a working deal.' He wanted the kid to think that this kind of thing would happen to him all the time if he came here to play football.
'One kid said he was a virgin. Some of them were scared, and I felt like they didn't ask for it, that they were pressured into doing it. I didn't like to do those jobs because I'm not into mommy fantasies,' she said firmly, palms pushing something away. 'But the recruiter gave us so many referrals that I'd see him on the side. Then he'd call me, sometimes twelve times a day. It was weird. I mean, look at me – I'm a large girl, older; I'm not a babe. There really aren't babes in this business.'
'So you dated the recruiter?' I asked.
'If dating means having sex without money exchanging hands, then yes, we dated.' Poppy poked an appetizer with one tine of her fork, her flawless manicure gleaming. 'Sometimes I feel bad about . . . the work.' She was strangely squeamish about her job title. 'Whenever a girl called and asked for a job, if she had never done this work before, I'd tell her to think it over. I'd say, "This isn't an escort service where you go to dinner and a movie. This is adult entertainment. And the money is more addictive than any drug." You know what I mean,' she said.
But I didn't know. I was poor. I had a live-in fiancé who would later become my husband. I had never made $250 in fifteen minutes. Perhaps to differentiate myself, I asked, 'Did you feel like you were victimizing them? Your girls?'
'Those women were going to work for someone, whether it was me or someone else. I knew I could keep them safer. I had a protocol – they had to call in and answer a series of questions. The code word was "mercy". So if a girl checked in and said, "Mercy, it was hard to find this place," we knew she was in trouble.'
'What kind of trouble?'
Poppy sat back, resting her hands on the table. 'It's not a matter of if you get raped in this business. It's a matter of when.'
'Did you get raped?' I asked.
'Well, yeah.' Poppy's face and voice disconnected from each other. She told me that after being called to one job, a group of young men pulled her into an apartment and threw her to the ground. They dropped a couch over her top half, leaving her bottom half exposed. She was on her stomach. They ripped off her clothing. There were six of them. They each took turns raping her while the other five sat on the couch, holding her down. 'It went on forever and I thought that was it for me. I was in so much pain afterward. I could barely get out of there,' she said.
Poppy was speaking across the table from me, but I was lost in her story. I could only see the couch, Poppy trapped beneath it, the men. The dark and the dirt, the weight bending her ribs, and the tearing as each new man forced himself into her. Poppy pouring cereal for her son the next morning. Worse was the image of her heading back out to work the next week, or the next night, or ever.
'That's –' I said, and lost my words.
Poppy gave me a double-take. 'Aw. Look at your face. You're so concerned.' Her own face slowly took on the same canny expression the lawyer had when he hired me.
'Come work for me!' Poppy said.
I still felt disoriented, like the fishtailing back end of whatever vehicle Poppy was driving. 'As one of your . . . girls?'
'You could definitely work,' she said. 'Look at that sweet little face. Shit! You'd be great at it. You'd be the belle of the ball.'
For a dizzy second, I considered it. I needed money, and I had never been the belle of any ball. Then I wondered what was wrong with me.
Over the next two years, I talked with Poppy every few months to consult with her on the case. To supplement the prostitutes Poppy provided, the university had also hired other (more heavily disguised) local sex services for their football recruits. The sex industry operated in code and Poppy deciphered it all, describing menus of services, giving us the prices of competing businesses. 'Somehow they're considered to be legal, but I got nailed,' she grumbled.
About nine months after our first meeting, we met in person again. Poppy was distracted, pale, slouching in her seat, and she had gained some weight. She was having some kind of trouble with the police officer who had dismantled her madam business. Maybe she had been hoping for legal help when she contacted us in the first place. My lawyer-employer had procured her a pro bono attorney to keep her out of jail. The problem was, Poppy was guilty.
And now she was famous too. The legal team and local TV and newspaper reporters were in constant barter, trading and feeding each other witnesses and interviews. I'm not sure who leaked information to the press – it may well have been Poppy herself – but scandal certainly helped our case. Poppy's confessions quickly spread to the newspaper and the nightly news. Her picture was everywhere.
'I'm calling them "gas station moments,"' Poppy said, one side of her mouth jerking upward. 'Football fans recognize me when I'm pumping gas, and they throw supersized drinks at me with ice in them. Once a middle-aged couple threw boiling hot coffee at me. Sometimes people spit on me.'
I hadn't considered that the lawsuit could endanger her. 'Have you called the police?'
'Police? Ha. I could handle it, except my son's getting teased at school. Kids say stuff like, "Your mom's a whore." He's only fourteen. I promised him I wouldn't do it anymore, but nobody else will hire me.' She ate as quickly as was polite. It felt like she had another appointment after ours, but didn't want to mention it. 'Maybe I could make some real money if I wrote this stuff down?'
I had no doubt Poppy could write. Her similes were better than mine ('Jody's hair looked like a used Q-tip.' 'Wendy had breasts like empty pita pockets.') But Poppy needed folding money.
'Have you thought about just working a temporary hourly job?' I asked. 'Like fast food or Walmart?'
'I worked there for a week. Then they found out who I was, fired me and didn't pay me for my time. I get a job, and I'm gone as soon as they find out. With my name, my appearance – I stick out.'
'How about cutting your hair? You could dye it.'
Poppy swung a long lock over her shoulder. I suddenly understood that she hadn't given up prostitution. Of course not – how else would she pay her rent? She needed that shining black hair, and every other asset she had.
'I'm about to be evicted,' she said. 'That cop says he'll reopen my case if I testify. He says it'll be bad for me.'
The Title IX lawsuit wasn't going well, either. The judge dismissed the case on summary judgment, and it was now out on appeal to a higher court. The District Attorney decided not to prosecute one of the football player rapists, despite conclusive DNA evidence and a positive rape kit from one of our witnesses. That kind of physical evidence is considered to be indisputable, but the DA's reason for dismissing it was, 'We don't want to look like we're jumping on the [university] bandwagon.'
'If my parents find out what I've been doing, they'll come after me,' Poppy said. 'They tried to get custody of my son; that's why I came here. You don't know how crazy they are. Once when he was a baby, they told me to beat him for rolling over on the changing table.' She grabbed her hair in her fists and shook it a little, staring at the placemat. Her nail polish gleamed through the strands of black. 'I might move out of state,' she said.
It would be better for Poppy and her bullied son if she moved and started over somewhere else. But we needed Poppy to testify. She was the tawdry face of the lawsuit, a reminder nobody could ignore. If she left the state, the case could collapse. Civil cases aren't like criminal ones; it's nearly useless to subpoena a reluctant witness who doesn't want to testify, or who doesn't want to be found.
Of course, Poppy didn't know any of this. I had to keep her ignorant and lure her back to our side. 'Don't run away,' I said. Hurriedly, I named social services: Emergency Family Assistance, Safehouse, Mental Health Center, Family and Children Services. 'Some of them have temporary housing for families.'
'My son is special needs. He needs a stable home,' she said miserably. 'And I have a dog.' Our relationship was shifting, and Poppy was speaking to me like a friend. She didn't ask me for money. Instead, she stared out the window at the aggressively bright day, and at the women exiting the yoga store buoyed by shopping bags.
'I've got to be honest. I really regret coming forward,' Poppy said. 'I feel like I just screwed up my life. I wish I hadn't ever said anything.'
I felt sick, but it was my job to lean into her misery, not away. I wanted to, even. Her anguish felt uncut and addictive. I wanted to crawl even closer, deep into this woman's strange mind, full of cuts and broken mirrors.
'You can't give up.' When Poppy was silent, I heard myself say, 'We'd just subpoena you anyway.'
'What are you going to do, Poppy?' I asked.
Her purple-shaded gaze skittered around the restaurant, away from my treacherous face.
'I want a white picket fence,' she whispered. 'I just want a normal life.'
In The Journalist and the Murderer, Janet Malcolm describes the rapacity of the writer-subject relationship – in both directions. Despite the journalist's transparent greed and deceit, Malcolm insists, 'No subject is naïve . . . [he] knows on some level what is in store for him, and remains in the relationship anyway, impelled by something stronger than his reason.' I appreciated Janet Malcolm's reasoning, but I didn't believe her. I felt responsible for it all – the needs of the case, the costs to Poppy, and the fates of the plaintiffs, whom I had never met.
Poppy had decided to come forward on her own. But the resulting chaos was the kind of thing news spectators love; it makes them feel safe by comparison. Nothing's more comforting than the sound of rain when you're not in it. And so the case kept getting coverage. But I was no spectator; I got wet. I was working for the greater good of rape victims, right? That meant I should be working for Poppy, too.
I began job-hunting for her. I scanned ads and called department store warehouses. 'She could stock inventory in the back,' I said. 'Nobody would have to see her.' I called acquaintances who had small businesses. 'Can you use an assistant? A bookkeeper? Someone discreet?' When they asked about her previous experience, I told them, and they politely declined. I called the area's family shelters. 'They have a dog. Is that a problem?'
Finally, one of the non-profit workers said, 'Listen. It's real nice that you care. But I've seen this before. You need to let this woman make her own decisions.'
'I'm trying to help her.'
'Sure. But you're the one who's calling. She's not.'
Which only made me more desperate. Maybe Poppy was too depressed to help herself. I thought about her problems all the time. I wasn't her, but I could have been. I imagined Poppy afraid to leave her apartment, crying into a dirty bathrobe, staring into her open refrigerator until it was no longer cold. I imagined her dressing in the dark to meet dangerous men after her son fell asleep in his bed.
The next time we spoke, Poppy's voice was bright at the other end of the phone, dispelling the image I'd built up of her. 'I had a great idea. Let's write a book together! All this has got to be worth something. Sex sells, baby! Just tell me who I need to call to get money for this.'
I explained how the publishing industry works until we were both depressed. 'But maybe I could pitch an article on you,' I said. 'I have some magazine contacts, editors I've worked with before.' The animation returned to Poppy's voice after I told her we'd split the money down the middle.
I pitched a Poppy story to a magazine editor I was working with at the time. 'But can you make it empowering?' the editor asked.
'I – well, it's not an empowering story, exactly. I mean, she's destitute.' Stupidly, I told her I was going to pay half the money to Poppy.
The editor used the slow, halting talk that sane people use with the insane. 'We don't pay our subjects. That's not really ethical.' Then she placed me on hold until I eventually hung up, and she didn't take my calls again.
The Title IX lawsuit was eventually reinstated by an appellate court. After that, the university settled, and the plaintiffs were awarded $2,850,000. The perpetrators were still free to roam and rape, and the football coach who caused it all received a three million dollar settlement with his dismissal. But it was over, the law firm would get paid for its contingency work, the plaintiffs were vindicated, and the university was court mandated to change policy to protect its female students from sexual assault and harassment. I called my lawyer-employer, congratulated him, and then asked if he would help Poppy.
'How?' he asked. I could hear him thinking, And why?
'I don't know. Everyone's profiting from her testimony. But her life has completely fallen apart.'
The lawyer said, 'She did come forward on her own. She didn't ask for anonymity or we would have tried to get it for her. She made every one of those choices herself, Erika.'
These were what appropriate boundaries looked like. Janet Malcolm echoed in my head: No subject is naïve. I remembered a kid in elementary school who once approached me and unbuttoned his shirt. Inside, he had stashed the principal's paddle. When I asked why he had stolen it, he said, 'Because I'm going to get in trouble today.'
'I feel bad about her, too,' the lawyer said. 'I'm sure her attorney is doing his best.' My employer was a kind man, too kind to tell me how twisted up I was in all this. Instead, he asked me to send my case files to the firm for destruction, and invited me to the celebration party.
The party was at the lobby of the firm, which had been remodeled in natural wood and brushed metal, with expensive paintings curated throughout. My fiancé was my date. The party was crowded, and white men in suits shook each others' hands. None of them knew me or my involvement with the case. I met the main plaintiff for the first time; she was gracious, and clearly had no idea who I was.
Poppy was there. She was thinner than before, in a snug royal blue dress. She sidled up to my fiancé and me. It seemed that no one else would talk to her.
We weren't friends – what were we? I did what I do when I get uncomfortable – made insulting jokes, ate all the cheese at the appetizer table. Poppy did what she did when she got uncomfortable – hinted at a possible three-way with my fiancé and me.
I admired her skill, her up-and-down looks at my fiancé that somehow included me and complimented me on my taste. Sex was layered beneath every comment, and her gaze lingered on our lips, fingers. I had never seen her like this. In her blue dress, Poppy had transformed into her working self, an all-inclusive sexual force with its own gravitational field. There were no clear lines to her. She was as permeable as air.
Poppy was talking about nothing – parties, tricks, sex so casual it was 'like shaking hands' (she said this while shaking my handsome fiancé's hand). But beneath her words and her blue dress, she was saying very clearly, Take me home with you. There are no rules here. Show me your darkest secrets; I'll keep them. Pay this small price; I'll be your container.
I do what she does, I suddenly realized. I just keep my clothes on. She solicits money for secrets; I solicit secrets for money. The only other difference between us was where the money went – hers to her son, and for me, to these men in suits who were slapping each other on the back for the win.
'Let's get out of here,' my fiancé whispered in my ear, and we excused ourselves from Poppy and the party. For days afterward I felt ashamed, or maybe angry. I was supposed to be the Zelig – not Poppy. She had treated me like one of her tricks, her Adult Babies, her Shower Curtain Guys. Was that what she thought of me? She had never tried to play me quite like that before. But maybe that was because I had been the one playing her all along. Maybe she was the one who was angry.
The case was over. I had already begun a new lawsuit – another university rape in a different state by yet another football player, this one a repeat offender. A whole new cast of villains and victims awaited me. Poppy's eternal mess was her own. I had a new one to inhabit.
I stopped returning her phone calls. She left one message, and then another, more formal one. She had the delicacy not to call again after that.
Poppy got her white picket fence, but first she had to undergo years of more barbed wire. She eventually found an employer, who enslaved her financially and sexually. The better choice was to return to prostitution. She set up a workplace in a motel room and slept with clients there, using the lobby computer every morning to make her Craigslist dates. The motel owner finally took pity on her tear-stained face, and offered her a job on the night shift so she could quit the life.
They fell in love. He married her. She joined a professional folk dance troupe. She now lives in the suburbs and does public speaking against human trafficking and sexual abuse. I learned this from a newspaper article in which a Christian non-profit agency took credit for turning her life around. In the photo Poppy stood smiling in a beige kitchen, glossy hair cropped to her shoulders, using oven mitts to proffer the camera a cherry pie.
I made so many mistakes with Poppy, but I'm not certain exactly what they were. I know I was an engine in a vast legal machine that hurt her. So was she. We did it for a cause. I worked for five years to help two students win a lawsuit, one that changed university policy to protect other students from future sexual assaults. I might have helped keep thousands of young women safe from sexual exploitation. In doing so, I exploited a rape victim, and took everything I could from her. Rather, she offered it all to me for free, and I accepted, as I was paid to do. I made right choice after right choice until they added up to something terribly wrong.
I've never been able to fully shake Poppy from my conscience, and after fifteen years of the job, I've decided to finally abandon PI work. Last month I was offered a career case – a rural cold-case murder of a woman, covered up by local authorities. The details, the vicious cruelty, the narcissism of the perpetrator – this was PI candy, and I was perfect for the case. I craved it with my whole body. But I turned it down. I knew I'd stop at nothing, not even collateral damage. I was too good at persuading people to tell me everything, no matter their personal cost.
In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche warns us that we sometimes become monsters when we fight monsters, and if we gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss gazes into us. What Nietzsche doesn't mention is how easy it is for the abyss to disguise itself. It acts like a greater good. It sounds like a nice person asking for your secrets. It feels like connection, redemption, even comfort. It looks like my face.
Photograph © David Sanborn
Chris Kraus on Kathy Acker
Hallelujah! A Brief History of Bombing People
The Resurgence of the Monstrous Feminine
Hannah Williams
'Despite the sheer and uncommunicable amount of violence enacted upon the female body throughout history, it's woman as terroriser, as beast, that we keep coming back to.'
Joanna Pocock
'How could having sex with the Earth ever be consensual?'
The Way to the Sea
Caroline Crampton
'Alone in the silent dark, she traversed the mouth of the estuary in mile-long sweeps, making a little more progress up the river each time she turned. Wind and tide were pushing her away, back towards the sea.'


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Faridża Zu'arec – izraelska polityk
 Orit Zu'arec – izraelska polityk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The idea of creating a specialised agency to manage the road sector has started paying off. The Uganda National Roads Authority will this financial year construct 344 kms of new roads and carry out rehabilitation works on over 1,000 kms of paved roads.
According Dan Alinange, the spokesman for the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), Uganda has a road network of 10,820kms designated as national roads, 23,000 kms designated district roads; 2,800 kms designated as urban roads and 30,000 kms of community roads. This makes 39,420 km of all classified roads in the country.
However, it is envisaged that about 8,000 km will be adopted as national roads this financial year thereby making 20,000 kms designated as national roads.
The government this financial year remarkably increased the budget allocation for the road sector prompting Eng. John Nasasira, the Minister for Works and Transport, to make what was interpreted as a political remark to wit: "there will be no more pot holes by 2011". Uganda will hold Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in 2011.
"Mr. Speaker Sir, I have made a total allocation of Shs 1.1 trillion in Financial Year 2008/09 to the road sector for road development and maintenance. Including development partners project assistance equivalent to Shs 347 billion, this now makes this sector the largest single allocation in the whole budget overtaking the education sector for the first time in many years," said Dr. Ezra Suruma, Minister for Finance, Planning and Economic Development reading the 2008/9 budget in Parliament.
With the security and confidence that comes with resources, UNRA has embarked on feasibility studies to design a total of over 1,200 kms of new road-upgrading projects in various parts of the country. Engineer Peter Ssebanakitta, UNRA's Executive Director says the strategic long term planning is necessitated by the long project cycles covering feasibility studies, design, procurement and construction. And Ssebanakitta may have 'deliberately forgotten' to add that the availability of funds now affords UNRA the confidence to make long term plans.
UNRA Executive Director Engineer Peter Ssebanakitta.
At a press briefing held at UNRA offices on October 1st 2008, Eng. Ssebanakitta revealed that his organisation was carrying out a programme dabbed 'Operation No Pot Holes'. "UNRA is currently on a countrywide programme to seal all potholes and edge failures on all national bitumen (tarmac) roads," he said.
In addition to the repair of existing roads, UNRA is also undertaking a comprehensive road upgrading programme. This entails upgrading of roads from murram to tarmac, reducing corners and slopes, increasing width and redesigning of humps.
Eng. Peter Ssebanakitta brings to UNRA a wealth of experience and knowledge of the road sector. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering from Makerere University and a Masters of Science in Highway Engineering from the University of Birmingham in UK. Joining the Ministry of Works and Transport in 1981 as a pupil engineer, Ssebanakitta worked in various positions rising to the rank of Commissioner for Roads before joining the Road Agency Formation Unit as the Maintenance Division Manager. He later became RAFU's Engineering Division Manager before he was appointed as the Executive Director of UNRA in July 2008.
His 27 years of experience span across road maintenance management, road development projects management and planning in Uganda's road sector. During his five year tenure as Commissioner for Roads in the Ministry for Works and Transport, Eng. Ssebanakitta was responsible for the management of development and road maintenance activities on the national roads as well as developing and coordinating policy for the district, urban and community access road network countrywide. And as RAFU's Engineering Division Manager, he was responsible for the management of all upgrading and rehabilitation projects on the national roads network. In an earlier interview, he claimed to 'have intimate knowledge of both the national roads network and the road industry in the country'.
But UNRA faces the challenge of being dismissed as a mere change of name for Road Agency Formation Unit (RAFU), the Ministry of Works implementation unit antecedent to UNRA. Otherwise UNRA inherited RAFU's office premises, staff and responsibilities; more like calling a rose by another name.
Yet there are critical dissimilarities between the two bodies. UNRA is a body corporate established by an Act of Parliament (The Uganda National Roads Authority Act 2006). UNRA's Executive Director is the Accounting Officer supervised by a board of directors appointed by the minister responsible for roads. RAFU was merely a unit in the ministry.
There is also the challenge of the lack of meaningful participation of local contractors in the road sector. The local road construction industry is still underdeveloped. Most goods and services in the road construction industry are imported at high prices due to high transport costs and lack of research to 'add value' to local products. Construction machinery is not readily available.
Eng. Ssebanakitta says UNRA appreciates the fact that local firms have limitations that curtail them from fully participating in road construction. He however says UNRA would support local firms by ensuring regularity and certainty of work opportunities for local companies; and the improvement of technical and business skills of private firms.
Ssebaanakitta says that the major challenges that affect the local road construction industry in Uganda are: emphasis on the business aspect of firms with little or no reflection on technical competence; lack of a critical mass of local professional managers and specialists with sufficient experience and knowledge in the management and operation of large construction projects; the weak management capacity of local firms both at company level and project implementation level and high number of contractors for the available workload.
Engineer Ben Ssebuga, the Director of Operations at UNRA, says all is not lost for the local contractors. "We support affirmative action for local contractors in a more institutional way. We are asking the local contractors to merge or to partner with international contractors. In fact foreign contractors who are in partnership with local contractors now stand a better chance to win contracts," said Eng. Ssebuga at a recent press conference.
In the same vein of support for local contractors, UNRA plans to encourage the use of local materials, including the incorporation of 'marginal' materials in road structures for low-volume roads. They also intend to experiment with the use of mechanical stabilisation as a possible replacement for chemical (lime or cement) stabilisation, and the use of recycling to reduce construction costs.
Indeed without affirmative action, local firms would not be able to win tenders for major road construction projects. Currently, there is no local construction company involved in major road construction projects. All the locals do is to fill pot holes.
Almost all the major contracts are being done by SBI International (Israel) and RCC (Nigeria). This seeming duopoly carries with it the ominous fear that the projects would stall if their parent companies abroad had financial problems.
Yet Uganda is not without such a precedence of project stalling over financial problems. In 1990s, Stirling Astalidi of Italy, hitherto the main contractors in Uganda, collapsed leaving many contracts under their Ugandan branches unfinished. The Jinja-Bugiri road (perhaps the most important road in Uganda because of its status as the only gateway to the sea) stalled for more than two years because the company contracted to work on it had financial problems. There was also the case of Energo Projekt during the disintegration Yugoslavia.
Entebbe earned its name from the Lugandan word 'ntebe' (chair). In pre-colonial times, the town hosted the office (seat) of the chief in Buganda who adjudicated in legal matters of the inhabitants.


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Loki's Just One of the Girls
If you've paid any attention to pop culture in the past few months, you may know about The Avengers, which grossed roughly all of the money. It had a lovable cast of superhero misfits all fighting against the evil overlord trying to take over the planet. That evil overlord was Loki, Norse god of mischief and lies—also known as an alien and Thor's adoptive brother from the imaginatively named Thor.
Yeah, yeah, that's all well and good, but we know all that. Why is he interesting enough to feature here?
Well, because sometimes Loki is a woman.
I am not speaking metaphorically here, either. (Though, we will get to that in a moment.) Loki in the Avengers comics is actually sometimes portrayed as a particularly voluptuous lady. And she's pretty freaking cool.
She's also super accurate as far as representations of Norse mythology go. The traditional Loki is not only a god of lies, but also a shapeshifter, and prone to appearing as a beautiful maiden in order to tempt the other gods, or giants, or whatever. He comes to them, does…business with them, and then leaves, having achieved some sort of victory.
He also sometimes gets pregnant, because I guess gods aren't that smart about birth control.
Traditional Loki has three main children, but other ones are mentioned as scattered throughout the realms because Loki is kind of a ho. He has Sleipnir, an eight-legged horse that he had when he, um, lay with Odin's stallion (no idea what the plan was there). He has Hel, the goddess-ish of death, who appears as a little girl rotting from the inside out. And he has Jormungandr, the world serpent, who was so hungry and terrifying, that Odin cast him out, and he landed in Midgard (Earth). He is so large that he can circle the world and bite his own tail. When Ragnarok comes, Jormungandr will rise and his motion will churn the ocean into milk and he will devour the worlds.
And Loki is his mommy.
I'm not trying to make a huge point about Norse mythology here, I just think it's all really interesting. I think it's even more interesting that Marvel didn't just cover this over and go with a standard "history, what history?" answer. That they took Traditional Loki's weird and ran with it. Loki's a dude who's sometimes a chick and has a ton of kids, some of whom he gave birth too.
In addition to all this, he's also a Frost Giant, and they may or may not have gender, so it's a little confusing to know exactly what's going on, but either way, he's an interesting dude.
Metaphorically, though, Loki's actually basically a woman. Hear me out here.
In the Avengers movies, we see Loki grow up. Constantly in Thor's shadow, practicing magic instead of learning to fight, always skulking around the edges of the battle, going for stealth instead of brute strength—these are traits that are more traditionally associated as feminine. Loki's a flirt, a prima donna, a diva, and they say as much. His daddy issues are pretty much off the chart.
There's also the small matter of the fact that he plays the evil sorcerer coming to destroy the world, a role more commonly found occupied by women. See also Morgana, Maleficent, Ursula, and countless Doctor Who villains.
Loki is the sorceress who wants everyone to look at her while she completes her brilliant master plan and has the world begging at her feet. I'm just saying, it's usually a chick who does that.
So, Loki is kind of a man, kind of a woman, and whole buckets of crazy. Why should we care?
Because Marvel cared. Because Marvel looked at this character with a muddle of messed up gender issues, who practiced "womanish arts" and was slight and small and bore children, and thought, "Hey, why get rid of this? This is the good stuff!"
Bra-freaking-vo, Marvel. That's how you tell a good story. You keep the interesting stuff, and you let it work for you. Maybe that means that you've got a character that puts on genders like jackets, but that's okay. It'll make you about twenty times cooler than those stuffy one gender people.
And he looks faaaabulouuuuus!
Labels: actor: tom hiddleston, char: loki, char: thor, company: marvel, title: avengers, topic: gay stuff, topic: genderswapping
:D.... If Marvel would like that Loki become women, what will they do then?.. give Tom a wig, and bubbies?¿.. or gonna have another actress.. and who will be this lady?¿ O.o
Jack123 May 1, 2021 at 3:31 AM
University Undergraduate Scholarship Program 2021-22 for International students. In general, assume a Both scholarship and fellowship for students and researchers, or any individual find and interested candidates are inviting to apply for scholarship-fellowship.com. Scholarships and fellowships are instituted by a University.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home>Regulatory>Labeling
NAS Report Finds GMO Foods Safe, But Doesnt Settle Labeling Debate
TAGS: Regulatory Archive Beverages

The 388-page report was met with both praise and criticism, and was issued just two months before the nation’s first mandatory GE food-labeling law—Vermont’s Act 120—takes effect.

Widely reported findings released this week by a venerated U.S. research institution, affirming the safety of genetically engineered (GE) foods, has not settled a nationwide food-labeling debate.
Through an examination of such information as animal toxicity tests and epidemiological data on incidents of cancer and other health problems affecting humans, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops "found no substantiated evidence that foods from GE crops were less safe than foods from non-GE crops."
The committee later cautioned that "any new food—GE or non-GE—may have some subtle favorable or adverse health effects that are not detected even with careful scrutiny and that health effects can develop over time."
The 388-page report by NAS's research arm, the National Research Council (NRC), was met with both praise and critique, and it was issued just two months before the nation's first mandatory GE food-labeling law—Vermont's Act 120—takes effect.
Commenting on NRC's findings concerning the impact of GE crops on human health, Gregory Jaffe, the biotechnology director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), said in a statement, "That should give consumers confidence about the safety of eating foods that have those ingredients."
Others referenced the report as a call to action. The Coalition for Safe Affordable Food, whose members include the Grocery Manufacturers Association, pressed the U.S. Senate to pass legislation to preempt Vermont's law.
"This report validates the arguments of the food and agricultural communities in that it says GMOs [genetically modified organisms] are safe for the environment and as ingredients in food, and that mandatory on-pack labeling will have far-reaching negative consequences on our food supply," coalition spokesperson Claire Parker said in a statement.
The NAS committee investigated a range of issues related to genetic engineering of crops, including the advantages and disadvantages of mandatory labeling and voluntary labeling of GE foods.
"The benefits of mandatory labeling depend on the extent to which consumers use the information to choose products that they want (or avoid that they do not want) and on their WTP [willingness to pay] for such attributes," the report noted.
Just Label It, a project in favor of GE labeling, viewed the findings far differently than critics seeking to squash Vermont's law. The "report confirms the importance of transparency and the need for mandatory GMO labeling on the package," said Gary Hirshberg, chairman of both Just Label It and yogurt maker Stonyfield Farm, in a statement.
Citing his three decades of experience as a food executive, Hirshberg also rejected claims that GE labeling will raise the cost of food.
FDA does not require labeling of GE foods based on its view that GE crops are not materially different from crops grown conventionally. Its policy dates back to 1992. By contrast, the European Union has required labels on GE foods since 2001. There, "most food manufacturers have reformulated their products" to avoid the EU's requirement, the NRC noted.
Food & Water Watch, one of a number of organizations that petitioned FDA in 2011 to require labels on GE foods, contended the NRC has conflicts of interest due to its ties to biotech companies such as Monsanto. It also disputed the report's finding that there is agreement in the scientific community that GMOs are safe.
"In reality, there is no consensus, and there remains a very vigorous debate among scientists—and farmers and consumers—about the safety and merits of this technology," Food & Water Watch declared in an issue brief.
Monsanto, the agricultural giant whose GE seeds have been widely adopted by American farmers to grow various crops including soybeans, did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the NRC's report.


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hungarian writing example
HomeAll Posts...hungarian writing example
in the same row and the same column. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hungarian-language Unitárius - Unitarian. http://polymath.org/hungarian.php Thus, http://lingohut.com/en/l78/learn-hungarian, Hungarian phrases Population figures are given according to religion. Formerly Hungarian was a slower language with clear articulation, but as the speed increases, it leads to the "swallowing" of syllables. Benkő Loránd et al. This page has been viewed 2,359 times (0 via redirect). The phrase dictionary category 'Personal| Letter' includes English-Hungarian translations of common phrases and expressions. minimum. After 1895 government officials kept vital records.
It gives in-depth suggestions for finding an immigrant's place of origin.
If the village had its own parish church (or synagogue, for Jews), the abbreviation for the religion will be in BOLDFACE capital letters. If your ancestor was of the nobility, nobility records may also prove to be a useful source. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1993. The polygraphic consonant signs are treated as single letters. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Volume II has more details. We consider an example where four jobs (J1, J2, J3, and J4) need to be executed by four workers (W1, W2, W3, and W4), one job per worker. 943.9 E5d; also on microfilm, Vol. It is a form of pig Latin, not necessarily proper Latin, but it makes it more acceptable to Hungarian ears somehow. The Hungarians settled the Carpathian Basin in … Same writing, but different pronunciation. Hungarian literature is the body of written works primarily produced in Hungarian, and may also include works written in other languages, either produced by Hungarians or having topics which are closely related to Hungarian culture. According to some people, the Hungarian language was spoken at about 11-12 phonemes per second. The Family History Library has the following types of records from Hungary: Church Records: Some church records date from as early as 1633. We have previously written about English words that have Hungarian origins.
You will need the location of the parish or synagogue in order to find the records of birth, marriage, and death. Use the numbers from the index to find the entry for your town. arbitrarily, there may be alternate optimal solutions. Q (kú), W (dupla vé), X (iksz) and Y (ipszilon) are Black Friday is coming – here's how to avoid scams, U.S. sets new record for COVID-19 hospitalizations for 15th consecutive day, Brussels preparing to implement 'Soros plan', says Fidesz MEP, Classic Hungarian bejgli with an exciting twist – recipe, Argentine football legend Diego Maradona dies. Make the assignments for the reduced matrix obtained from steps For most parishes, records are available from the early 1700s to 1895. marked columns. To some, it might be surprising, but the English language has been influencing Hungarian from as early as the 17th century and not necessarily on just the word-level. Q (kú), W (dupla vé), X (iksz) and Y (ipszilon) are also used, but only in foreign loanwords. (Family History Library call number: European Collection Ref.
people in the Ob valley of western Siberia. Saint Paul in the Hungarian language) by Benedek Komjáti, was published Although there is an equivalent, csillag and sometimes we use that to describe famous people, but in the public language, sztár is more often used. : Teleky, Rákóczy, Dézsy). One word I remember well was when a motorcyclist cut in front of the bus I was riding which prompted the driver to yell "Idióta!" Sadly, he wasn't having a very good day and this incident didn't help. See the following letter writing guides with information about writing to the states of former Yugoslavia, Romania, Czech Republic and Slovakia for writing to Slovakia. eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',147,'0','0'])); If you need to type in many different languages, the Q International Keyboard can help. Draw the minimum number of vertical and horizontal lines necessary It is related to Mansi, an Ob-Ugric language All rights reserved. Now let us move on to how the English have influenced the words we use and what some of the most common terms are used by Hungarian speakers that come from the English language. This letter was first used in 1770 by György Kalmár, but has never officially been part of the Hungarian alphabet, as the standard Hungarian language does not distinguish between these two sounds. Although this one was completely localised, it comes from English. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Information about Hungarian | the chapter, you will find more practical versions of assignment models It is a shortened form of the English word with Hungarian pronunciation. Izraelita - Jewishkg. Now you can read about how the English language has affected the Hungarian language. We will use the Hungarian Algorithm to solve this problem. For example, Hungarian ház "house" vs. Khanty xot [xot] "house", and ... Modern Hungarian is written using an expanded Latin alphabet, and has a phonemic orthography, i.e. Jewish Records: Jewish records date from the 1830s and 1840s through 1895, but there are often gaps. Although some of the older expressions have become "Hungarianised", since it is evolving fast, some are kept as it is, but not everyone may know these terms. For instructions on how to obtain birth, marriage or death certificate from Hungary go to: Obtaining Birth, Marriage, Divorce, Death Certificates From Hungary The fee is $57.00 per certificate. Examples, if used properly, not only help you get higher marks for 'Task Response' but also for 'Coherence'. http://www.freedict.com/onldict/hun.html These records date from the 1600s.
Informal, standard way of addressing a friend, Informal, standard way of addressing your parents, Informal, standard way of addressing a member of your family, Very informal, standard way of addressing a friend, Informal, direct way of addressing a friend, Very informal, used when addressing a loved one, Very informal, used when addressing a partner. The proper Hungarian word would be személyzeti osztály. Once you have determined the location of the church or synagogue, use the FamilySearch Catalog to get the film number of the available records.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Hungarian_language They are also easy to write because it is much simpler to use an example … The simplified geminates of multigraphs (see above) such as , are collated as +, + etc., if they are double geminates, rather than co-occurrences of a single letter and a geminate. Later in If you found this interesting and would like to learn more words or phenomena that were influenced by the English language, please share this article with your friends or anyone who might be interested. The first number is the sequential number of the county; the second is the consecutive number of the district; the last is the number of the locality. Hungarian Italian Polish Rumanian Russian Serbian Slovak Spanish.
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Several Roll Call Board members met on Wednesday March 28, 2018 at the Fort Worth District Offices of Texas State Senator Konni Burton to present her with a special gift. Back in January, 2018 Senator Burton attended Roll Call's monthly Veterans Appreciation Luncheon and helped in the special pinning ceremony of Vietnam era veterans with the DoD's official 50th Anniversary Lapel pins.
As a way to thank the senator, a framed photo of Roll Call members/Vietnam veterans that was taken that day at the luncheon was presented to her.


Consider function, fabric and color to make your next sofa shopping trip a smashing success. Whether you're planning a trip to the store or you're browsing online, shopping for a sofa can be a bit overwhelming. There are lots (and lots!) of choices, and the last thing you want is buyer's remorse. But where, oh where should you start? To help make your sofa shopping adventure as stress-free as possible, we've zeroed in on three things to consider: function, fabric and color.
Take a moment and think about your lifestyle. Your sofa should cater to your family's needs as well as your room's design.
the pros: Easy to clean and family friendly, today's slipcovers are available in many styles and colors.
perfect for: Smart, savvy decorators who love to change up their look.
the pros: Say goodbye to plumping and arranging pillows! A sofa with a tight back always looks stylish thanks to its streamlined (never frumpy) design. Find it on everything from traditional camelback sofas to contemporary sofas.
perfect for: People with back problems, since it offers firm support.
the pros: With a single, mattress-like seat cushion and no seams, the bench seat is a great choice whether you love a good nap or want to comfortably seat multiple guests.
perfect for: Contemporary or traditional spaces. A bench seat has a sleek, streamlined look.
the pros: This is the type of sofa you can really sink into. By using loose pillows in place of traditional back cushions, you can create a comfy spot to chill out. Typically offered in a variety of colors, sofas with loose-pillow backs also allow you to change up your look.
perfect for: Decorators who like to keep things casual.
the pros: Typically more transitional by design, the two-over-two (that's two back cushions over two seat cushions) has just a single cushion seam. This makes it a great choice for a casual family room. Another plus? The cushions can be flipped often to keep your sofa looking new.
perfect for: A pair of snugglers looking for lots of lounging room.
the pros: Quite possibly the most popular of all sofa styles, the three-over-three features tdivee back cushions over tdivee seat cushions. This provides enough room for tdivee to settle in comfortably without needing to straddle seams. Just like the two-over-two, its cushions can be flipped to extend their lives.
perfect for: Parties of three.
1. WATERFALL SKIRT - This skirt style starts right underneath the seat cushion for an elongated, graceful look.
2. KICK-PLEAT SKIRT - With simple pleats at each corner, this skirt style is perfect for traditional or casual spaces.
A tapered leg that starts wide at the top, curves down and inward... - Graceful, tasteful and popular in traditional furniture, this leg style adds old-world elegance.
4. STRAIGHT LEG - Straight or tapered legs often make an appearance in modern or contemporary furniture.
Leg featuring a round profile and a designer pattern applied by a... - This charming leg style is popular in traditional and transitional furniture.


Write a college-level, research-based essay of at least eight pages.
Write a college-level, research-based essay of at least eight pages. You may select a topic that interests you, provided it is not on the list of Forbidden Topics below.
Whichever topic you choose, you should select appropriate academic sources from the TCC Library, read them carefully, take notes, and formulate well-informed conclusions about the topic, based on your research. Source information (quotations, paraphrases, and summaries) should be integrated smoothly into your writing and documented correctly, according to MLA format.
As your textbooks explain, all academic writing presents an argument a conclusion you arrive at after educating yourself on the topic. As you educate yourself on whichever topic you choose, we will, as a class, continue to review the elements of argument and to identify specific kinds of arguments you can defend in your essay.
Remember that when you write in an academic setting, you join a conversation, so in choosing your topic, think about specific arguments you've encountered in readings and/or elsewhere. Agreeing and/or disagreeing with what others have argued is a good starting point for your topic.
Once you have your topic, you should complete preliminary research to see what experts say about your topic and to narrow your focus even more. You will write a short research proposal that presents your three-part research statement, a statement about why your topic is significant, and a working bibliography.
You will need to spend a great deal of time reading, evaluating, and synthesizing information from different sources. To demonstrate your engagement with sources, you will submit an annotated bibliography and outline. Class assignments and readings from the course texts will help you outline, draft, revise, and edit your essay.
All essays will be graded using the rubric posted in the Syllabus & Assignments area of Blackboard. The research paper, however, is worth 250 points, so the points available in each category are higher.
Each of these topics is forbidden because they tend to result in overly broad and therefore bad research essays or because Ive simply read enough essays on the topic.
If you think you can find a unique approach to researching one of the topics below, please talk to me. Otherwise, be more creative and thoughtful in your approach to this assignment.
How close must my paper be to eight pages? An eight to ten page paper needs to be at least eight full pages. The Works Cited page(s) does not count as one of your pages.
How many sources should I use? You should use enough information from sources to support your claims, and each paragraph in your essay should contain references to sources. In most cases, this means students must use at least five sources.
Do all of my sources have to be peer-reviewed articles and scholarly books? You should look for at least three peer-reviewed and scholarly sources, but if you find other sources that meet the criteria presented in The Craft of Research or Little, Brown (43a), you may use those as well. The majority of sources, if not all of them, must come from the TCC library databases, unless you have a reason to seek sources outside of the library.
What will you be looking for when you grade my paper? In addition to the research and length requirements that I have specified in these instructions, I will be looking for the characteristics identified in the descriptions of the various letter grades in the front of The Little, Brown Handbook and on the grading rubric posted in Blackboard. Above all, I will be assessing your ability to make a clear and well supported argument. If you're eager to earn an A, you should also teach me something, make me think, and impress me with your writing style.


text: The word 'queen' in modern terms conjures up associations with certain roles and functions which do not necessarily apply to ancient Egypt. These were often shared by several women at once. A great deal is still unknown, mainly because Egyptian sources place heavy emphasis on the king and his deeds, with little light being shed on the role of the queen. In Egypt, various 'types' of women sometimes played a role that is comparable with what the word 'queen' means to us. The most important, who also comes the closest to her modern counterpart in many aspects, is the Great King's Wife, the most important wife of the king and usually the mother of the next king. The Great King's Wife came immediately after the king in the political and religious hierarchy, and was often depicted next to him on monuments and statues, although usually on a smaller scale. She was only rarely depicted on her own. In addition to the Great King's Wife, there were also 'ordinary' king's wives, wives of pharaoh. They also included the daughters of foreign rulers, certainly from the New Kingdom on. They were often sent to Egypt as part of the diplomatic contacts. The king's wives usually lived in the royal harem. Besides these 'queens', the 'king's mother' sometimes also played an important role, not unlike that of a modern queen. She, too, was occasionally represented next to the king.


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3 things to know for March 16: Hat Day, Essay Contest, Idlewild
Friday, March 18, 2022, is a hat day with the proceeds benefiting our Fun Day! Wear a school appropriate hat this Friday for $1.00. Stickers will be sold in G403 (Mrs. Dorazio's), and the Gym (Mrs. Smith) before the start of 1st period. Join in the fun!
2. Georges Lieber Essay Contest
The Georges Lieber Annual Essay Contest is due next Friday, March 25. 1st prize is $1000, 2nd prize is $500, 3rd prize is $300, and 2 Honorable Mentions $200 each.
3. Idlewild Job Fair
LUNCH TALK
French Toast Sticks, Sausage Links, Tater Tots, Baby Carrots, 100% Orange Juice or Fresh Fruit, and Milk
(CNN) – "In hopes to eliminate confusion around changing clocks back and forth, the Senate passed a bill yesterday that would make Daylight Saving Time permanent across the United States. The potential law would mean no more falling back for Americans every fall."
Our cup is ubiquitous, and we love that, but it is also this ubiquitous symbol of a throwaway society.
Says Michael Kobori, Starbucks chief sustainability officer, as Starbucks is aiming to eliminate all disposable cups by 2025.
Photo: Fox Business
TODAY'S NUMBER: 5
(CNN) – "Tokyo schools have dropped their controversial dress code on students' hair and underwear color after decades of maintaining rules that were criticized as outdated. Under the public school system's dress code, all students had to dye their hair black, certain hairstyles were prohibited and even students' underwear had to be a designated color. A total of five rules will be dropped by nearly 200 public schools across the Japanese capital, and the policy changes are scheduled to go into effect at the start of the new academic year on April 1, the city's authorities said."
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=oylow


We love the resilience of the Turkana woman. She lives in some of the harshest lands in Kenya but that never keeps her from looking fabulous in layers of jewellery.
We chose this image for the Turkana Woman Shopper Bag to inspire each woman to be strong as they go about daily tasks no matter the challenge level.
Like the Turkana woman, this bag is sturdy and strong to hold your shopping so you can go about errands with confidence.
We love the resilience of the Turkana woman. She lives in some of the harshest lands in Kenya but that never keeps her from looking fabulous in layers of jewellery. We chose this image for the Turkana Woman Shopper Bag to inspire each woman to be strong as they go about daily tasks no matter the challenge level. Like the Turkana woman, this bag is sturdy and strong to hold your shopping so you can go about errands with confidence.


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Tribute to Hans Tulkens, Honorary President of PRI
Penal Reform International is sad to note the death of Professor Hans Tulkens, a dedicated prison reformer, first chairperson of PRI, long-serving PRI Board Member and Honorary President.
Hans Tulkens, picture from Tulkens' family
Professor Tulkens was one of the most distinguished prison reformers of his generation. He was appointed director of the Netherlands Prison Service in 1975 and rapidly became known well beyond his own country for his humane approach to the treatment of prisoners, coupled with a clear understanding that imprisonment should be imposed only as a last resort. After his term as Director of Prisons came to an end in 1985, he became Professor of Penology at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. In his influential inaugural lecture in 1988, Graden van Vrijheid [Degrees of Freedom] Hans Tulkens made a powerful case for the recognition of the essential humanity of prisoners. He argued for a differentiated system of small prison units that would allow prisoners to develop and to be reintegrated into society by gradually allowing them more freedom.
Professor Tulkens travelled widely and gave support to other reform minded prison administrators, often working within inter-governmental organisations such as the Council of Europe and the international Penal and Penitentiary Council. This experience of the value of international cooperation led him to see the need for an international non-governmental organisation to drive forward efforts to reform prison systems around the world. He played a key role in the establishment of Penal Reform Internationalin November 1989.
Professor Tulkens was the first Chair of PRI and committed himself wholeheartedly to building the organisation, to gaining international support for its work from governments, funders and individuals and to defining its concrete objectives. The fact that PRI continues to flourish is in great part due to the solid foundations he laid. PRI continues as a lasting reminder of his remarkable contribution to penal reform around the world.
Hans Tulkens will be remembered as a man who lived out his ideals by applying them to penal practice wherever he could. His idealism was reflected in the groups he brought together in his own home to explore new ways of dealing with the penal process.
The Prison Show dedicated its podcast of 24 April 2020 to Hans Tulkens. Listen to the show in Dutch. Please also read the tribute in memory of Hans Tulkens published by Forum Levenslang in Dutch.
We are mourning the death of Hans Tulkens as a friend to many at PRI. As an organisation, we will aspire to live up to the ideals he brought to PRI.
Baroness Vivien Stern
Dirk van Zyl Smit
Florian Irminger


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Q: How Do You Break the Global Space in JavaScript on the Client-Side Web? The Situation
I have a JSPF file (a java jsp "fragment" - not sure if it's actually handled any differently than a typical JSP - I think it's just nomenclature but docs and even stack answers I've found are unclear).
I can alert strings at the top and bottom of this JSPF file in inline script tags so the tags aren't broken or getting munged by other HTML shenanigans.
But if I declare a var in the top script tag, it won't be available in the bottom one and alerts "undefined".
I can however assign to a property of the window object and have that property alert in the bottom script tag as-expected. Nothing appears to be munging the window object. It shows the proper type and window methods still fire as expected at the top and bottom of this JSP file.
Obviously Awful Things on this Page:

*

*We're using the circa 2007 prototype.js library. I think this was after prototype was doing the really ugly stuff and I don't see it mucking with the object prototype or anything like that.

*Everything is being served in X-UA compatility = IE7 mode from the load balancer which won't allow HTML overrides. This is on the response headers for absolutely everything, however. Images, js files, CSS files. I used to think document type only impacted CSS/HTML concerns but it appears that when you put it on the linked JS files or you have JS in the HTML we go back to IE7 mode or something. That or something else is nuking the querySelectorAll method which should work in IE8 but doesn't on these pages.

*The response headers all apply IE7 mode but the HTML doc itself is switching to quirks mode which confuses me because I thought all you needed was an attempt at setting a doctype to establish a generic standards mode. In our case, there is whitespace above the doctype and it's only the first half of this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

so this is what we actually have:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >

This might be responsible for quirks mode but I had thought IE8 (not sure about IE8 in IE7 mode) just looked for any old doctype to establish standards mode and that it allowed for whitespace in front of the doctype. Not to mention I thought that second part was for validators. Regardless I still don't get why the the global space has been nuked. It could also possibly be tables with improper HTML placement (wrong tags, not nesting-fail).

*

*Probably not relevant but the java templating is a complete disaster. Nested includes mixed with ajax requests serving content nested 9 layers deep. You have to look at dozens of XML, JSP and Java files just to figure out how this page is built. 6 XML config files just to sort out a modal, etc...

Things I've ruled out:

*

*There are no conditional IE comments setting meta tags differently. You can see the same response headers in the non-IE browsers.

*There are no frames or iframes in the mix causing this. If there were, I wouldn't expect the window object properties to carry the same values anyway.

*The window object doesn't appear to be broken or overwritten in any way.

*No, nothing as recent as coffee script going on in this particular codebase. It's mostly prototype and an unholy union of taglib data inserted directly into JS via inline scripts and a bunch of really awful JavaScript written by primarily generalists/server-side devs.

*I don't think it's a memory issue although I still haven't tried profiling that yet. I've spent enough time on the page to know that it's reasonably stable. Given the sheer quantity of crap that has to get resolved on the server before the page can even load, performance stinks but I'm not running out of memory or crashing/freezing or anything when the page is open. It's a heavily used page and we're serving car dealerships in production so I don't think it takes an ace machine to handle this page or we'd hear a lot more about it.
I still haven't sorted out where in our dev version of the codebase I need to go to kill the load balancer setting-equivalents that are setting the doctype but is it maybe quirksmode inline HTML JavaScript and IE7 JavaScript in the linked files causing some kind of conflict that destroys the global space? But how do you nuke the global space without breaking the window object somehow? Or maybe some aspect of prototype.js I don't know about?

A: Ok, so you're declaring something in in one script tag which should be  global but it's not there when the second script tag is run.  You cannot "break" the (javascript) global space into more than one piece for a given page. If you have a iframed page... that's different, because that's two pages.  Same with javascript or some meta tag doing a redirect; you're dealing with two separate pages.  I suspect, that might be what's going on here--that you have a javascript redirect; some script setting the document.location to another page, or the same page but with different parameters causing different script tags to show up rendered into in the document or something.
With any single page you only have local and global declarations.  I really can't think of any other situation where you'd have more without relaxing what is meant by a single page (as I've stated earlier).
(Edit:  I repeat you cannot "break" the global space.  Titling this question as such is probably why your question got down-voted as it's rather nonsensical; "breaking the global space" only makes sense in that I can interpret that phrase metaphorically and can come up with few use cases where the global space might appear to be "broken in two" when you're actually seeing two different global spaces.)
Since you've got JSPs including JSPs and a whole mess of script tags, it seems to me the only way to be really sure of what is going on where is to use a HTTP tracer like Fiddler2, capture all traffic concerning what is loaded when you think a given page is loaded, adding some statement (maybe just debug) in a top-most script block to allow debugging  to any page to see what is loaded when (adding breakpoints as necessary for event handlers), and just watch, skip, and evaluate.  Painful process, I know, but this is what you have to do when you have server-side code intermingled half-hazzardly  with client-side code.  It's not a good way to develop websites.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
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Locals affected by grounded Boeing flights
BY FRANK WILKES LESNEFSKY AND DAVID SINGLETON, STAFF WRITERS / Published: March 14, 2019
After European officials grounded their return flight this week, travel plans were briefly up in the air for a group of locals vacationing in Ireland.
The 97-person group touched down Tuesday morning in Dublin aboard a Norwegian Air Shuttle Boeing 737 Max 8, and they were set to return Saturday on another Max 8. However, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency suspended all flights aboard the plane beginning Tuesday following an Ethiopian Airlines crash Sunday that killed 157 people.
Norwegian Air worked "feverishly" to ensure the travelers wouldn't be stranded overseas, and the tour group learned Wednesday that they will return home on schedule aboard a different plane — a larger Boeing 787, said John Madden, the owner of Scranton-based Travelworld, which organized the trip to Ireland.
Of Norwegian Air's fleet of about 160 planes, only 18 are affected by the groundings, according to the airline.
When the local group learned of the suspended flights after landing in Ireland, reactions ranged from "great, we could stay here another couple days" to concern about getting home because of work or other obligations, said Thomas Hallinan, who accompanied the group to Ireland as a Travelworld associate.
When Madden called to inform them they would return home on schedule, "the overall mood was, 'Thank God, we're going to be safe,'" Hallinan said. "Except the people that wanted to stay another three days."
Nobody felt nervous during the initial overseas flight, but "I think if we were scheduled to fly out on a Max 8, people would be very, very upset," he said.
The affected Boeings do not fly into the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport and so far officials there have seen no disruptions from the grounding, airport director Carl Beardsley Jr. said.
He said the airport has been advised both American Airlines and United Airlines have the aircraft in their fleets.
"Both airlines, on flights that have been impacted by the grounding, are booking people on other airplanes from their fleets or they are booking them on other airlines," Beardsley said.
Although the grounding could potentially have some disruption moving forward, he believes the airlines "for the most part are going to be able to meet the needs of the traveling community."
He encouraged anyone with a question about a flight to go the airline's website, either directly or through the airport's website.
Nina Waskevich, spokeswoman for AAA North Penn, said she would advise travelers who may be flying soon to check with the airline or their travel agent to see if the groundings will affect their plans.
"I assume they are going to be proactive in reaching out to individuals who may have been booked on one, but to be proactive I would reach out to see what is being done to counteract that flight if was supposed to be on a Boeing," she said.
Waskevich said Southwest Airlines is allowing customers previously booked on canceled Max 8 flights to rebook on alternate flights without any additional fees or fares within 14 days of the original date of travel.
A traveler who purchased travel insurance may also want to contact the insurer, Waskevich said. Although travel insurance policies are typically very restrictive, she said some carriers may be a "little bit more lenient" given the circumstances in this case.
The grounded Boeings only affected one other Travelworld trip — an upcoming excursion to Iceland — but Icelandair is changing the flight to a different Boeing aircraft, Madden said.
For Tucker's Travel Shoppe in Wilkes-Barre, only one client recently called with concerns over flying on a Max 8, travel agent Valerie Berzanski said. The woman had an upcoming American Airlines flight out of Philadelphia and was "a little bit concerned" about traveling on a Max 8, Berzanski said. Like Icelandair and Norwegian Air, American Airlines swapped the flight to a different plane, she said.
She doesn't expect the groundings to have any noticeable impact on travel plans for Americans, but with nearly 40 years in the travel industry, Berzanski couldn't recall a single instance where a specific model of plane was grounded on such a large scale.
"This is the first time that I've ever seen anything like this," she said.
Contact the writers: flesnefsky@timesshamrock.com; 570-348-9100 x5181; @flesnefskyTT on Twitter;
dsingleton@timesshamrock.com; 570-348-9132
21 North Wyoming Street Hazleton, PA 18201
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text:
package com.hotels.styx.serviceproviders;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.hotels.styx.api.Environment;
import com.hotels.styx.api.configuration.Configuration;
import com.hotels.styx.api.configuration.ConfigurationException;
import com.hotels.styx.api.configuration.ServiceFactory;
import com.hotels.styx.api.extension.ActiveOrigins;
import com.hotels.styx.api.extension.loadbalancing.spi.LoadBalancer;
import com.hotels.styx.api.extension.loadbalancing.spi.LoadBalancerFactory;
import com.hotels.styx.api.extension.retrypolicy.spi.RetryPolicy;
import com.hotels.styx.api.extension.retrypolicy.spi.RetryPolicyFactory;
import com.hotels.styx.common.Pair;
import com.hotels.styx.infrastructure.configuration.yaml.JsonNodeConfig;
import com.hotels.styx.spi.config.ServiceFactoryConfig;
import com.hotels.styx.spi.config.SpiExtension;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
import static com.hotels.styx.common.Pair.pair;
import static com.hotels.styx.proxy.ClassFactories.newInstance;
import static com.hotels.styx.spi.ExtensionObjectFactory.EXTENSION_OBJECT_FACTORY;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.util.Collections.emptyMap;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap;

/**
 * Loads service classes from service definition configurations.
 */
public final class ServiceProvision {
    private ServiceProvision() {
    }

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceProvision.class);

    /**
     * Create a {@link com.hotels.styx.client.StyxBackendServiceClient} related factory configured with a particular key,
     * then uses the factory's create method to create its product.
     *
     * @param <E>           service type
     * @param configuration Styx configuration
     * @param key           Factory configuration attribute
     * @param serviceClass  Service class
     * @param activeOrigins source of active connections for purpose of load balancing
     * @return service, if such a configuration key exists
     */
    public static <E extends LoadBalancer> Optional<E> loadLoadBalancer(
            Configuration configuration,
            Environment environment,
            String key,
            Class<? extends E> serviceClass,
            ActiveOrigins activeOrigins) {
        return configuration
                .get(key, ServiceFactoryConfig.class)
                .map(factoryConfig -> {
                    try {
                        LoadBalancerFactory factory = newInstance(factoryConfig.factory(), LoadBalancerFactory.class);
                        return serviceClass.cast(factory.create(environment, factoryConfig.config(), activeOrigins));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new ConfigurationException("Error creating service", e);
                    }
                });
    }

    /**
     * Create factory configured with a particular key, then uses the factory's create method
     * to create its product.
     *
     * @param <E>           service type
     * @param configuration Styx configuration
     * @param key           Factory configuration attribute
     * @param serviceClass  Service class
     * @return service, if such a configuration key exists
     */
    public static <E extends RetryPolicy> Optional<E> loadRetryPolicy(
            Configuration configuration,
            Environment environment,
            String key,
            Class<? extends E> serviceClass) {
        return configuration
                .get(key, ServiceFactoryConfig.class)
                .map(factoryConfig -> {
                    RetryPolicyFactory factory = newInstance(factoryConfig.factory(), RetryPolicyFactory.class);
                    JsonNodeConfig config = factoryConfig.config();

                    return serviceClass.cast(factory.create(environment, config));
                });
    }

    /**
     * Creates the services whose configuration has the specified key.
     *
     * @param <T>           service type
     * @param configuration Styx configuration
     * @param key           Factory configuration attribute
     * @param serviceClass  Service class
     * @return services, if such a configuration key exists
     */
    public static <T> Map<String, T> loadServices(Configuration configuration, Environment environment, String key, Class<? extends T> serviceClass) {
        return configuration.get(key, JsonNode.class)
                .<Map<String, T>>map(node -> servicesMap(node, environment, serviceClass))
                .orElse(emptyMap());
    }

    private static <U> Map<String, U> servicesMap(JsonNode jsonNode, Environment environment, Class<? extends U> serviceClass) {
        JsonNode factories = jsonNode.get("factories");
        JsonNodeConfig jsonNodeConfig = new JsonNodeConfig(factories);

        return newArrayList(factories.fieldNames())
                .stream()
                .flatMap(name -> {
                    if (isType(name, jsonNodeConfig, SpiExtension.class)) {
                        return namedExtensionFromSpiExtension(environment, serviceClass, jsonNodeConfig, name);
                    } else if (isType(name, jsonNodeConfig, ServiceFactoryConfig.class)) {
                        return namedExtensionFromServiceFactoryConfig(environment, serviceClass, jsonNodeConfig, name);
                    } else {
                        String content = factories.get(name).toString();
                        String message = format("Unexpected configuration object 'services.factories.%s', Configuration='%s'", name, content);
                        throw new ConfigurationException(message);
                    }
                })
                .collect(toMap(Pair::key, Pair::value));
    }

    private static <T> boolean isType(String name, JsonNodeConfig jsonNodeConfig, Class<T> nodeType) {
        try {
            jsonNodeConfig.get(name, nodeType);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    private static <U> Stream<Pair<String, ? extends U>> namedExtensionFromSpiExtension(
            Environment environment, Class<? extends U> serviceClass, JsonNodeConfig jsonNodeConfig, String name) {
        LOGGER.info("Spi Extension type");
        return jsonNodeConfig.get(name, SpiExtension.class)
                .filter(SpiExtension::enabled)
                .map(extension -> loadSpiExtension(extension, environment, serviceClass))
                .map(service -> ImmutableList.<Pair<String, ? extends U>>of(pair(name, service)))
                .orElse(ImmutableList.of())
                .stream();
    }

    private static <T> T loadSpiExtension(SpiExtension factoryConfig, Environment environment, Class<T> serviceSuperclass) {
        ServiceFactory factory = newServiceFactory(factoryConfig);
        JsonNodeConfig config = new JsonNodeConfig(factoryConfig.config());

        return serviceSuperclass.cast(factory.create(environment, config));
    }

    private static ServiceFactory newServiceFactory(SpiExtension extensionConfig) {
        try {
            return EXTENSION_OBJECT_FACTORY.newInstance(extensionConfig.factory(), ServiceFactory.class);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ConfigurationException(format("Could not load a service factory for configuration=%s", extensionConfig), e);
        }
    }

    private static <U> Stream<Pair<String, ? extends U>> namedExtensionFromServiceFactoryConfig(
            Environment environment, Class<? extends U> serviceClass, JsonNodeConfig jsonNodeConfig, String name) {
        LOGGER.info("Service Factory Config type");
        return jsonNodeConfig.get(name, ServiceFactoryConfig.class)
                .filter(ServiceFactoryConfig::enabled)
                .map(serviceFactoryConfig -> loadServiceFactory(serviceFactoryConfig, environment, serviceClass))
                .map(service -> ImmutableList.<Pair<String, ? extends U>>of(pair(name, service)))
                .orElse(ImmutableList.of()).stream();
    }

    private static <T> T loadServiceFactory(ServiceFactoryConfig serviceFactoryConfig, Environment environment, Class<T> serviceSuperclass) {
        ServiceFactory factory = newInstance(serviceFactoryConfig.factory(), ServiceFactory.class);
        JsonNodeConfig config = serviceFactoryConfig.config();

        return serviceSuperclass.cast(factory.create(environment, config));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
street fighter Archives -
Tag: street fighter
Street Fighter 6 Release Date Characters
You'll be shocked by the Street Fighter 6 release date characters of Dee Jay, Manon, Marisa, and JP will be available June 2, 2023. Capcom announced at The Game Awards that the game will launch on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/XS, and PC via Steam on June 2, 2023. Pre-order options are available …. Read More
Guild Wars 2 Live Player Count


The EU Skills Profile Tool for Third Country Nationals is providing a new module to users, offering the opportunity to select online courses, like massive open online courses (MOOCS).
The latest upgrade means that, based on their answers in the tool's questionnaire, users will receive recommendations of relevant online courses. For example, if a third country national states an interest in improving language skills or learning a new language (e.g. English), online courses for English will appear under "Recommendations".
The user can have the same option when browsing through the "Courses" section. All courses are free to follow and available in several different European- and non-EU languages.
To present the new (and existing) features of the tool, the European Commission will organise a webinar on Thursday 28 June at 3 pm CET.
The webinar will focus on the use of the tool by asylum centres, public employment services (PES), guidance centres, among other users. Participants are welcome to provide their feedback about the new features of the tool.
The webinar will be in English. If you are interested in taking part, please send an email to EMPL-E2-SKILLS-PROFILETOOL@ec.europa.eu.
The EU Skills Profile Tool for Third Country Nationals has been developed by the European Commission to support early identification of the skills of refugees, migrants and other third country nationals in order to facilitate their integration into the labour market and wider society.
It can be used by any organisation, service or national authority offering assistance to third country nationals and aims to get to know individuals, their skills and experiences and provide recommendations on next steps.


dynamically mange ports and the kernel to support PCI hot-plugging.
id change for a give NIC.
hot-plugging, I feel it's not the optimal solution.
>> for me back to the community.
> I think restarting the APP is not necessary. You can uninit the port,  then re-init the port.
> Please reference http://dpdk.org/doc/guides/prog_guide/port_hotplug_framework.html to see if it can help.
>> >>     to be called on the port to detect the SFP/SFP+ change.
>> >> +             PMD_INIT_LOG(ERR, "Found unsupported SFP in "
>> to dev_start. Especially this function named init.
>> > Anyway, let's listen to others opinion.


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