text:
Omental Lengthening 101
Texas Animal Clinic Under Investigation
Who Cares About The Diagnosis?
World Organisation for Animal Health: Canada an international veterinary leader
"Canada will further strengthen its position as a global leader in promoting the health of animals and protecting the public from animal disease"
Isle's of Dogs' Nourish
Vet2Pet
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the global standard-setting body for animal health and welfare, announced that it found Canada to be a top-performing country and a leading example for meeting international veterinary service standards during a comprehensive evaluation.
The evaluation, conducted at the country's request, was coordinated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and involved federal, provincial, and territorial governments, and representatives from the private veterinary sector, academia, and veterinary regulators. The full Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Evaluation Report is available on the OIE's website.
"With the majority of Canada's veterinary services getting the top five out of five rating based on the OIE's international standards, and with the implementation of the OIE's recommendations, Canada will further strengthen its position as a global leader in promoting the health of animals and protecting the public from animal disease," said Jaspinder Komal, DVM, Canada's chief veterinary officer and OIE delegate. "This will also help strengthen international trade and economic opportunities. According to the conclusions of the PVS Evaluation mission report, Canada's assessment appears to be among the highest achieved internationally."
The evaluation based on the OIE's PVS methodology was conducted from March 13 to 31, 2017, by four independent OIE certified PVS evaluators.
The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association estimates there are 13,300 veterinarians in the country operating at more than 3,400 private veterinary practices.
Canada Canadian Food Inspection Agency Canadian Veterinary Medical Association World Organisation for Animal Health


1) Reading in the file. After learning how to use c++ streams this wasn't too bad at all. My main issue that cost me coutless hours is that the file is BACKWARDS from what I thought it was. We always trace rays from the camera, so naivly I thought that is how the file would be set up. Woe was me I output each ray as it was shot and plotted it in matlab. They all went the wrong way! They came inwards instead of going outwards.
I then created a lensSphere object that holds the center of the sphere, its radius, n, previous n, and apature size. This handles the intersection too.
2) Sampling the back lens. Not too hard.
3) Sphere interesection. This wasn't working for the longest time. I know how to use the Quadratic function properly so I did the quadratic formula myself. Thanks grade 12 math.
4) Snell's Law. I did this 3 ways. First I tried to rotate about the cross product of the ray and the normal by the correct angle. Didn't work. Then I found a paper on the vector form of snell's law. Worked. Then I found something on wikipedia, which also worked.
My images are still kinda funky. I have spent countless hours on this, in addition to the 1.5 hours that Kayvon and I spent fix them, but to no avail. If anyone has any ideas as to why there is some transparency in the middle and sides of my image please let me know!
Update Sean told me that he had the same thing with exrtotiff and that photoshop cleans these things up. Is this a bug with exrtotiff or with our images?
Well, this took a really really long time to get going. My operator was not working at all, here is a graph of the SML with applied to black and white images of the reference area: .
As you can see, it is monotonically decreasing. :(.
I search through the range 5 to 200 and ignore all the values until it drops below a focus of 300 SML points. This is equivlent to searching the other way and stoping as you get far from the mean, but I found this way to work much better. I would have much prefered to use a binary search but the SML operator is so noisy you can't tell a good derivative.


text:
Q: Get the Request Body in DRF API I am passing a value in my API POST request like this
{
  "reason": "string"
}

And my view is like this,
class UpdateReason(GenericAPIView):

permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
serializer_class = serializers.ReasonSerializer
queryset = Food.objects.all()

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    self.get_serializer().instance = service.update(self.get_object())
    return Response({"success": True})

serializer.py
 class ReasonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Food
        fields = ("id", "reason")
        read_only_fields = ("id",)

In the post, I have to get the value of the reason and pass it to the service. How can I execute this?

A: Simply request.data.get('reason') :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Winds of Winter
The winds of winter predictions
By Daenerysthegreat,
September 20, 2021 in The Winds of Winter
Mister Smikes
47 minutes ago, StarksInTheNorth said:
Did you even bother to read the rest of my post, or did you decide to jump straight to condescension?
Yes. I read the rest of your post. And I did not see the point of any of it. But I guess it depends on what you are trying to prove.
What are you trying to prove, anyway?
And I read the rest of this post too. And I agree that GRRM made the wall too high. But by no logic that I can see does it prove to me that he can't count past 10, or that BryndenBFish and $erPounce know more about the book he is writing than he does.
3 hours ago, StarksInTheNorth said:
if we go by the rigid numbers set in your initial post re 13 POVs, It could very well be 11 confirmed, since we also know that there will be a prologue that shows Jeyne Westerling. F
GRRM does not include prologue and epilogue in his POV counts. His count for ADWD was 16 POVs.
We also know Davos is semi-confirmed because of multiple comments that we will see unicorns, and he's the POV known to be heading to Skaagos where there are unicorns.
GRRM never said we would see unicorns in TWOW. Check the sources yourself and see.
Even if he did (he didn't) that would not mean we would see them from Davos' POV.
Even if we saw them, it might only when Davos returns to Westeros, riding a unicorn, in another character's POV.
That said, I'm not ruling out a Davos POV in TWOW. I just don't think that the total POVs will be too far off from GRRM 13 POV estimate.
Asha is semi-confirmed since we have seen a screenshot of a page narrated by her, and he was "visiting" her in 2020.
The only screenshot I know of is illegible to my eyes, and I don't have any faith in the magical powers of the fan who claimed to decipher it.
But if Asha can be deemed confirmed on the basis of GRRM "visiting" her, then that makes it (to my mind) all the less likely we will see Sam and/or Brienne and/or Jaime. Which was my original point.
He's also stated there's a complementary chapter between Arianne II and III,
A Hotah chapter, maybe.
and that's he's decided to show the battle of Storms End on page.
Could be a prologue chapter featuring a one-off.
JonCon is the only POV 100 leagues from Storms End, so we can consider him confirmed
Sure. "Confirmed" by you and Mr. Fish. But not confirmed by GRRM.
There, 13 POVs. Guess we're not going to see Bran or Dany, but who cares? It's not like they're important to the plot, anyway. Or maybe 13 was an off-the-cuff number thrown out because he didn't feel like counting how many POVs there are.
Even if I give you Cersei, Asha and Hotah on the basis of GRRM "visiting" them, plus the 8 confirmed Sample Chapter POVs, that only brings us to 11.
But for the sake of argument, lets assume 13 POVs are confirmed. And let's assume we can't do without Dany and Bran (which is not self evident to me, especially in Bran's case, though I am slightly more confident we will see a Dany POV). That brings us to 15. 15 is still closer to GRRM's guestimate than 16, 17, or 18 POVs would be.
Which means that GRRM's guestimate is still evidence against us seeing POVs for Sam, Jaime and/or Brienne.
I can see GRRM's guestimate being off by 1. I can see (though it is more of a stretch) his estimate being off by 2. But if you stretch it to 16, 17 or 18 because GURM is stupid, can't count, and you can't trust that crazy GURM, and because you think that Mr. Fish knows more about GURM's book than stupid GURM does, the less sense you will make to me. And if you are really right about Bran and Dany being essential, then that (to my mind) makes it all the less likely that we will see Sam and/or Jaime and/or Brienne. Which, again, was my original point: that GRRM's 13-pov estimate kinda weighs against Sam, Brienne or Jaime appearing as POVs, and especially against all 3 appearing as POVs.
Edited October 24, 2021 by Mister Smikes
Daenerysthegreat
Dany and bran are the two most important characters. We need to have them. I highly doubt that is going to change.
Edited October 24, 2021 by Daenerysthegreat
StarksInTheNorth
34 minutes ago, Daenerysthegreat said:
My comment was sarcasm.
WhatAnArtist!
Considering that Martin is well known for his extensive rewrites of his books, I'm surprised that people here are sticking so dogmatically to the believe that what he said in this interview or that is gospel and something that he will strictly adhere to. The guy has practically rewritten entire books and restructured the series in the past, midway through writing a book. Why is it so hard to believe that at some point he'll have changed his mind about how many PoVs will be included in Winds?
1 hour ago, Mister Smikes said:
Which missed by a mile of course.
Only to people unable to read things carefully, it seems. I picked up on it instantly. Only someone that hasn't read the books would say that Dany and Bran aren't important.
StarksInTheNorth, Morte and EggBlue
39 minutes ago, WhatAnArtist! said:
You don't know how many people I've met here. Some believe in the most ridiculous theories.
I think he has added more pov than reducing them. I'm thinking about one of the two sand snakes in kings landing
1 hour ago, WhatAnArtist! said:
Are you insinuating I have taken the position that Dany and Bran aren't important? Or are you accusing me of not having read the books?
Okay, maybe his sarcasm did not miss by a mile, seeing as it has convinced you I said things I never said.
Considering that Martin is well known for his extensive rewrites of his books, I'm surprised that people here are sticking so dogmatically to the believe that what he said in this interview or that is gospel and something that he will strictly adhere to.
I don't think any person here has taken such a position.
Surely Cersei's POV suffices for the murder of her children by evil Sand Snakes.
36 minutes ago, Mister Smikes said:
But cersei has lost all her power. She is now reduced to nothing. She is planned to be sent back to casterly rock if she wins.
And the sand snakes are not evil
The guy who was planning that just got offed by Varys, who I guess thinks Kings Landing more vulnerable to invasion with unstable Cersei in charge. And Cersei does have Ser Gregor.
Wanna bet? I think they are about to murder children, and especially Tommen. How many dead children would be enough for you to suspect they are maybe a bit evil?
[Sigh] It takes the fun out of betting, when it will probably take another 5 years.
3 hours ago, Daenerysthegreat said:
I'm thinking about one of the two sand snakes in kings landing
I would be very surprised if Martin added any new PoVs, and even if some were to be added, I highly doubt it'll be a Sand Snake. We already have Cersei's PoV in King's Landing, and we will soon have two that are nearby (JonCon and Arianne in the Stormlands).
3 hours ago, Mister Smikes said:
You said that @StarksInTheNorth's sarcasm about Dany and Bran being unimportant "missed by a mile". I said that it didn't, since I picked it up immediately. I implied that you hadn't read his comment carefully enough, if you thought he wasn't being sarcastic, since anyone claiming that Dany and Bran are unimportant obviously hadn't read the books, which surely isn't the case for anyone posting here.
This entire argument has been about exactly how many PoVs will be in Winds based on claims that Martin has made. My point was that it's futile to debate such things, since Martin constantly changes his plans and rewrites his books. He may have said there'll be 13 PoVs a while ago, but that could change any time. We won't know until we have the books in our hands.
Yes they are. They want to murder innocent children and start a war which will kill many other innocent people. The people actually responsible for the crimes they want "justice" for are already dead. They just have a bloodlust.
Edited October 24, 2021 by WhatAnArtist!
StarksInTheNorth and Morte
2 hours ago, WhatAnArtist! said:
Nobody said "exactly" except the people trying to straw man my position. There is a middle ground between claiming, on the one hand that 13 POVs has no margin of error and is engraved in stone forever; and claiming, on the other hand, that it is completely meaningless information because GRRM is a big fat stupid who knows less about his own book than we fans do.
Margin of error or no, GRRMs statement to Le Nouvel Observateur indicates he is planning a different sort of book than many fans are planning for him. And that remains true even if the POV count ends up being 15, exclusive of prologue and epilogue.
$erPounce
14 hours ago, Mister Smikes said:
BBFish's leaps of logic extend far far beyond not considering GRRM changing his mind.
I admit, BryndenBFish does sometimes have leaps in logic in certain essays he writes, for example he has confirmation bias in the essay in which he wants to prove that the Battle of Bastards from the show will also happen in the books. Many of his essays are more or less "informed speculation" and it is quite possible that some of his findings will turn out to be wrong
However, none of that applies in his overview of The Winds of Winter. It is pretty much just a recap of everything George R. R. Martin said about The Winds of Winter over the years. The vast majority of what is mentioned in the article comes directly from his NotABlog, interviews with newspapers or Westeros.org's own So Spake Martin. Objective information, in other words.
You can't trust that crazy GURM - trust us, the enlightened and orthodox fan community" seems a common attitude on these forums.
I'm not saying GRRMs statement was not a bit tentative. But I'll trust GRRM tentative estimate of 13 POVs before I will trust $erPounce's absolute certainty of 18-20 POVs. And if it ends up being off, I would expect it to be off by maybe 1 or 2 POVs, not 5-7 POVs.
The odds of a translation error seem minimal. Le Nouvel Observateur is not an amateur outfit.
I didn't say you can't trust George, I'm saying that in the interview he temporarily underestimated how many POVs he has. It's nothing more than a small human error that is very understandable due to the pressure of the interview. Try counting all the POVs from FeastDance by memory, odds are you'll forget a few POVs.
And before you insinuate that I have claimed that George can't count, George has misstated before in interviews how many living POVs he has after the end of FeastDance:
People complain that the Dothraki are this one-dimensional barbarian society.
GRRM: I haven't had a Dothraki viewpoint character though.
I guess it's too late to introduce one now.
GRRM: I could introduce a Dothraki viewpoint character, but I already have like sixteen viewpoint characters. (…) (source)
One interview mentions 13 POVs, another mentions 16 POVs. FeastDance ends up with 20 living POVs.
You can easily doubt that of the 13 POVs, because George has already confirmed a larger number of POVs than that number:
Aeron (TWOW Preview chapter)
Arianne (TWOW Preview chapters)
Arya (TWOW Preview chapter)
Barristan (TWOW Preview Chapters)
Sansa (TWOW Preview Chapter)
Theon (TWOW Preview Chapter)
Tyrion (TWOW Preview Chapters)
Victarion (TWOW Preview Chapter)
Areo (NotABlog,)
Asha (NotABlog)
Cersei (NotABlog)
Melisandre (NotABlog)
Samwell (NotABlog)
These are all the POV that have been fully confirmed on his NotABlog. Furthermore, we have clear indications of other POVs, although not 100% confirmed:
Davos. George has said several times that we are going to have unicorns in TWOW. As well as "no sex near unicorns". Although not fully confirmed, we can assume in that case that we will have a Davos POV in Skagos. (Source 1, Source 2)
Jon Connington: George said at a Worldcon that he plans to bring the Battle of Storm's End on-page. (A battle on the battlefield will not be narrated by Arianne, who will not be present on site, but by an experienced commander such as Jon Connington. Seems logical).
Bran: George R. R. Martin plans for Hodor's death to happen on-page and that is only possible from Bran's POV.
GRRM: "I thought they executed it very well, but there are going to be differences in the book. They did it very physically - 'hold the door' with Hodor's strength. In the book, Hodor has stolen one of the old swords from the crypt. Bran has been warging into Hodor and practicing with his body, because Bran had been trained in swordplay. So telling Hodor to 'hold the door' is more like 'hold this pass' - defend it when enemies are coming - and Hodor is fighting and killing them. A little different, but same idea." (Source: book "Fire Cannot Kill A Dragon)
So we already have thirteen characters that are 100% confirmed. We have three characters for whom there are clear indications in George's own interviews that they will likely get a POV. In addition, it is very unlikely that characters like Daenerys and Jon Snow will not get a POV (although it is possible).
Remarkably, Brienne and Jaime are not confirmed yet, but I would be surprised if neither of these two will have a POV in TWOW.
Based on George's NotABlog and other interviews, we can rule out that TWOW will only have 13 POVs. (Almost) every living POV from FeastDance will make an appearance in TWOW. That one interview of 13 POVs contradicts other interviews and sources.
I guess people will just have to travel about, and/or receive ravens, or discuss sailors rumors.
It can be done, if worked out properly. But should there be just 13 POVs in TWOW (which is actually disproven), there is a lot of off-screen information that needs to be covered in this way. Overuse of these techniques is not ideal, but it is obviously an option.
Entire complex novels have been written from a single POV. But somehow the fan community has convinced itself that you can't possibly tell a story with "only" 13 POVs. Bizarre.
Bad argument. There are of course books with one POV. It's perfectly possible for most books (and you could probably write all of TWOW completely just from Bran's POV if you wanted to). But that doesn't mean The Winds of Winter should do the same. The book is simply different from other books and requires a specific approach, fitting in with the story the book is telling.
I don't see any necessity for a large amount of POVs from FeastDance not to appear in TWOW. It is perfectly feasible for George to have more than 13 POVs in a book. I don't see a problem that can only be solved by reducing the number of POVs in TWOW to 13. There are probably more efficient and less drastic solutions than that.
It depends on where you think these storylines are going.
It is clear based on your post that you have a very different view of where the story is going and the relevance of certain storylines. I am of the opinion that the story arcs of many characters are not yet complete, but apparently you disagree.
Edited October 24, 2021 by $erPounce
StarksInTheNorth and WhatAnArtist!
Margin of error or no, GRRMs statement to Le Nouvel Observateur indicates he is planning a different sort of book than many fans are planning for him.
I tire of this already. It's clear you seem to relish in this type of argument, hence why you seem unwilling to call a truce here and accept the obvious: This is a pointless debate, because any one of us could be entirely correct or entirely incorrect about everything. Even Martin's own statements aren't even a guarantee of accuracy, since the man has repeatedly over the last two decades rewritten large chunks of the books and restructured the PoVs drastically in the process of writing them. This pointless argument is just a symptom of the extraoardinarily long wait for Winds; nobody would sit here arguing semantics and the difference between one or two PoVs if the wait hadn't been as long as it is. You and @$erPounce can continue this argument for months and it won't matter - not until we actually have the book in our hands and can count up the number of PoVs.
You don't owe me your time. You don't have to engage. You say you are tired of arguing, and then proceed to argue anyway. I suppose if I respond to your points you will feel ill used? Never mind. I will respond to $erPounce, and you don't need to be interested. Fair?
14 hours ago, $erPounce said:
I admit, BryndenBFish does sometimes have leaps in logic in certain essays he writes, for example he has confirmation bias in the essay in which he wants to prove that the Battle of Bastards from the show will also happen in the books. Many of his essays are more or less "informed speculation" and it is quite possible that some of his findings will turn out to be wrong.
However, none of that applies in his overview of The Winds of Winter. It is pretty much just a recap of everything George R. R. Martin said about The Winds of Winter over the years.
I'm not interested in an ad-hominem discussion of the faults or lack thereof of Mr. Fish. My position is merely that many of the POVs and other information he claims as "confirmed" are not in fact "confirmed" IMHO. We can move on to the specifics without any unnecessary discussion on how this does or does not reflect on Mr. Fish.
Well, I guess I don't need to insinuate anything, do I? Okay, let's move on to your latest proof that GRRM can't count and knows nothing about his own book:
He has 16 POVs remaining (give or take a POV or 2), anticipates 13 POVs in TWOW (give or take a POV or 2). All of which is perfectly consistent with my flexible approach to his words; and may suggest the possibility that one, two or three POVs may take a book long hiatus before they reappear in A Dream of Spring.
You say GRRM is obviously wrong (even allowing a reasonable margin of error of 1 or 2 POVs) because (according to you) he has 20 POVs (a count that leaves off Eddard, Catelyn, Arys and Quentyn). But wait a minute. Was not Jon assassinated? Was not Brienne hanged? Was has not Jaime been missing for weeks after someone with a mission to slay him lured him off into the woods? And was not Sam being "put to bed" by a faceless assassin? Aside from these "cliffhanger 4", there's also Mel and JonCon, who may have been introduced for a limited purpose, and GRRM may be done with them in his own mind. Which leaves room for 1 or 2 of the "cliffhanger 4" to turn out to be alive in POV chapters in WINDS (and again, they could appear in the POVs of other characters in WINDS, or have their POV resume in DREAMS). And if we allow GRRM's estimates to be off by a reasonable 1 or 2 POVs, it could be that all 4 of the "cliffhanger 4" will later turn up in POV chapters.
These are confirmed, yes
I would call these maybe semi-confirmed. That "visiting with" necessarily implies "POV chapter" is maybe not an unreasonable inference, but it is not 100% to me. I think with Cersei he may have actually referenced a "Cersei chapter" IIRC, which is a bit clearer, though it would be even clearer if he said he had actually finished it.
Maybe you posted the wrong link? The only thing this has is a "visiting Oldtown" reference, which does not to my mind confirm any Sam chapter, and there is no reference to Melisandre at all.
Maybe you're thinking of this:
Back in Westeros | Not a Blog (georgerrmartin.com)
Anyhow, if you're referring to what I think, "spending the days in Westeros with my pals Mel and Sam and Vic and Ty" is too ambiguous for me. Is not Ty the actual name of one of his writing assistants? Maybe Sam is helping him with a Mel chapter, and Ty his helping him with a Vic chapter. And does "spending time" necessarily mean "writing a POV chapter for"? And maybe Sam met Mel in Mel's POV, or in Sam's POV; or Sam (or Fake Sam) showed up in Meereen in Vic's POV, or maybe Tyrion flew his dragon to Oldtown, picked up Sam or Fake Sam, and flew him to the Wall to see Mel, etc., etc.
Your "source 1" is his July 24, 2014 interview with Le Nouvel Observatuer, where he says "There are unicorns in my next book ..." His next book, at this point, was TWOIAF, which came out 3 months later, and did indeed discuss unicorns to some extent. One thing we learned is that they are not only on Skagos. The "and probably sex near unicorns" part is just a joking reference to the fact that he does not feel bound by Rowling's rules about unicorns.
Your "source 2" is a 4/30/19 interview in The Guardian. It does not mention WINDS at all. It does not promise unicorns will "appear". It merely promises an "interesting take" on unicorns, in future "books". Besides WINDS there is also DREAM OF SPRING, FIRE & BLOOD 2, and DUNK & EGG. It is a good guess that Asha and/or Rickon and/or Davos will return from Skagos some day, and will tell Sansa (or whoever) all about GRRM's "interesting take" on unicorns. They might even bring a unicorn or two with them, and we will see them when (for instance) Sansa sees them. Or maybe Danaerys will ride a unicorn some day. Three mounts will she ride, after all, and she's already done the horse and the dragon. Note also that we have already glimpsed a unicorn through a wolf-dream, and we did not need a Davos-POV for it.
Like I said, this could be a one-off prologue. He wasn't originally planning to do it, but when DANCE ended where it did, tradition gives him an opportunity to throw in a random POV as long as he dies.
Might not happen til A DREAM OF SPRING. Or Meera will tell the story to Sansa (or whoever).
So we already have thirteen characters that are 100% confirmed.
By my count, 8 are 100% confirmed, 3 more are likely-confirmed. But, as I said, the more "confirmed" POVs you pile on, the less plausible it is that his count is meant to include Jaime, Brienne and/or Sam.
We have three characters for whom there are clear indications in George's own interviews that they will likely get a POV.
I disagree. But if I accept your argument, this brings your count up to 16.
In addition, it is very unlikely that characters like Daenerys and Jon Snow will not get a POV (although it is possible).
Which brings your count up to 18.
I would guess not. Especially under your logic. To say "13" when you meant "20" is a pretty big mistake, and far too big a mistake for me to swallow. But if we realize that many of the "confirmed" POVs of you and Mr. Fish are not really confirmed, there is perhaps slightly more room for them, though I would say not much.
Again, I disagree, since only 11 POVs (or maybe 8) are actually confirmed, leaving room for 2 more. And with (IMHO) a reasonable margin of error of 1 or 2 POVs, maybe there is room for 4 more, without completely disregarding the author's own words.
It can be done, if worked out properly. But should there be just 13 POVs in TWOW (which is actually disproven),
13 POVs is not actually disproven. And even if it were, a reasonable margin of error (such as 14 POVs or 15 POVs) is not actually disproven. You want me to accept he said 13 when he meant 18+. That's the sticking point for me. It's a bridge too far.
But maybe you see my point to some extent, since you are not pushing too hard on Jaime or Brienne, which was my original point -- that TWOW was unlikely to contain all 3 of Brienne, Jaime and Sam.
The fact that you've consistently failed to respond to my actual point says as much as I need to know, and says a lot about you. Enjoy your pointless arguing about something that can't be confirmed either way. If that's the type of thing that makes your day feel fulfilling, go right ahead.
4 minutes ago, WhatAnArtist! said:
What was your point? It's difficult to notice
And I think we should not take Mr Martin's words too literally. And predicting pov chapters is a guesswork. There's a lot of chance that the chapters might be different.
And stop taking his words literally. Neither is a he a liar who likes to deceive the readers nor is he a person who will give definite estimates on what will be what in the next book
A last point, be optimistic, from what I've seen on the internet the book may come out next year
Okay. I guess now you want to argue. Please explain what was the point you are challenging me to address?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mayo > Areas & Routes > Mayo Routes > Humbert Route
On 22nd of August 1798, the French General, Jean Joseph Amable Humbert led 1,000 men ashore after their ship sailed into Kilcummin, on the edge of Killala Bay. The French took over the home of Bishop Stock, the Church of Ireland Bishop of Killala, and turned it into their headquarters, before making their way towards Ballina and Castlebar. From here, they plotted their attack on the British in Castlebar.
Despite the lack of military training, over 3.000 Irish recruits joined their ranks on the march to Castlebar, many carrying only pikes and pitchforks. The group marched along the west shore of Lough Conn over rough uneven ground and arrived at Castlebar to face a British garrison under the command of General Lake. The shocked British troops were forced to retreat and Humbert's men moved from Staball Hill down Thomas Street to the original market place. Castlebar Bridge was their next target and this was taken under the command of General Fontaine. Despite such valiant attempts to overcome the British all across the land, they finally succumbed to the British troops on 8 September 1798 at Ballinamuck in Co. Longford.
The 225 km route which Humbert took his men on has become a famous cycle trail – Tour de Humbert. In Mayo it passes through Kilcummin, Killala, Ballina, Castlebar, Swinford, Bellahy but spans four 4 counties, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim and Longford. Finger signposts direct you towards areas of historical importance.
The route is easy to moderate, and suited to cyclists of all ages and experience. The first leg spans 13 km from Kilccummin to Killala where the round tower and lovely harbour are visible. The next stretch of road takes you 16 km to the town of Ballina, passing the famous Moyne and Rosserk Abbeys and Belleek Castle. There is some beautiful scenery too on this coastal route, passing Bartra Island on Killala Bay.
The Tour De Humbert is a 90 km annual cycling challenge which begins in Kilcummin and follows the original erratic route taken by the ambitious 18th century revolutionaries, taking in Swinford's during the summer street festival or Siamsa Sraide.
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ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK, and while submissions are open for the GBP Short Story Prize 2018/19, we'll be posting a short story for our friends and entrants to access freely.
You can read 'Henri Simon Leprince' here.
An article discussing Bolano's legacy – and written by his friend Andres Neuman – can be found here.
To learn more about this year's prize, head here.


text:
Public Release: 12-Sep-2013
The efficient choice among combustion engines
Innovative hybrid diesel engine developed to run on natural gas
IMAGE: ETH researchers redesigned the conventional diesel engine of a VW Golf to run on 90 percent natural gas. view more
Credit: Tobias Ott / ETH Zurich
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed an internal combustion engine that emits less than half the CO2 compared to a regular engine without compromising performance. This corresponds to fuel consumption of less than 2.4l per 100km. This natural gas-diesel hybrid engine is based on a system of sophisticated control engineering.
The global energy markets are changing. New extraction methods are tapping into oilfields and natural gas deposits that have been inaccessible until now. The US, for example, is able to cover up to 83% of its total energy needs today; the government is even planning to increase exports of natural gas in the future. And there are new developments on the horizon: natural gas may also become an important fuel for vehicles on America's roads, thanks to the work of Swiss researchers at the Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control at ETH Zurich. They have developed a natural gas-diesel hybrid powertrain that emits just half the CO2 without compromising performance.
Diesel fuel injection instead of an ignition plug
ETH researchers redesigned the conventional diesel engine of a VW Golf to run on 90% natural gas. Instead of a spark plug as is standard with natural gas en-gines, the engine is ignited with a small amount of diesel injected directly into the cylinder. In doing so, the researchers were able to achieve a highly efficient combustion with a maximum efficiency of 39.6%.
Natural gas-diesel engines already exist, and are used industrially where power is generated and used in one place - for example to operate large machinery. "In a vehicle, the engine speed and load change constantly, which means the engine system is far more complicated," explains Tobias Ott, a doctoral student in Professor Lino Guzzella's research group.
Innovative electronic combustion control
Ott developed the innovative electronic combustion control together with senior scientist Christopher Onder as part of his dissertation. A sensor that measures pressure in the cylinders plays a key part: using complex control algorithms, the researchers were able to adapt the amount and timing of diesel continually, allowing an engine system with highest efficiency. The researchers also linked the innovative natural gas-diesel engine to a small electric motor to further reduce consumption. However, it could also be installed in a vehicle without electric hybridisation, which would be crucial for industrial production in larger quantities.
Mass production - a possibility in five years' time
The researchers demonstrated the reduction in emissions with experiments on a specially designed test rig and recently published the results in the specialist journal Energies. This proof of concept also involves solving final technical prob-lems. "At the moment, we are concentrating particularly on the temperature in the catalytic converter," says Ott. For the converter to get up and running, it has to reach at least 300 degrees. "Our combustion engine converts heat energy into mechanical energy with such efficiency that the exhaust gas is not warm enough to create sufficient heat, particularly after start-up," adds Ott. The researchers want to solve the problem by modified control of the engine during the warm-up.
Christopher Onder is convinced that the natural gas-diesel engine can be produced in series production in five years. "The prerequisite is that we find an industrial partner who can take charge of developing a prototype," he explains. The researchers believe that the success of their engine depends critically on its production costs. They stress that their solution may not be cheap, but it is comparatively cost-effective. And because their concept is based on technology that already exists, it can be implemented quickly and is the perfect bridging technology for the next 10 to 20 years. The researchers are already engaged in negotiations with a car manufacturer.
The project was supported by the Competence Center Energy and Mobility (CCEM) and by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy.
Original: Ott T, Onder C, Guzzella L: Hybrid-Electric Vehicle with Natural Gas-Diesel Engine. Energies, 2013. 6: 3571-3592, doi: 10.3390/en6073571.
Learn more about the development of the ultra-efficient natural gas-diesel engine by watching the following video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I32vwCxeGYg&feature=c4-overview&list=UURNo2gqj3GiHlmT_OnqkouA
Tobias Ott
toott@ethz.ch
@ETH_en
http://www.ethz.ch/index_EN
Competence Center Energy and Mobility, Swiss Federal Office of Energy
Ultra-Efficient Natural Gas-Diesel Hybrid Engine (IMAGE)
Premature menopause increases the risk of multiple health problems in your 60s EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYOLOGY
Local water availability is permanently reduced after planting forests UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Racial disparities in drug prescriptions for dementia UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON


text:
package gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend;

import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.BaseResult;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.Message;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.MessageResources;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.MetaObject;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.MetaParser;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.csv.CSVMetaParserImpl;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.csv.CSVMetaResult;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.map.BaseComponent;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.util.CaadapterUtil;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.util.Config;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.util.GeneralUtilities;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.validation.ValidatorResult;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.validation.ValidatorResults;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.hl7.map.Mapping;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.hl7.map.impl.MapParserImpl;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.common.metadata.XmiModelMetadata;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.ActionConstants;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.DefaultSettings;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.MappingFileSynchronizer;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.actions.TreeCollapseAllAction;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.actions.TreeExpandAllAction;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.context.ContextManager;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.context.MenuConstants;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.nodeloader.SCMMapSourceNodeLoader;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.tree.DefaultSourceTreeNode;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.tree.DefaultTargetTreeNode;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.common.tree.TreeDefaultDropTransferHandler;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.AbstractMappingPanel;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.MappingMiddlePanel;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend.actions.CsvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.hl7.actions.RefreshMapAction;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.mms.MMSRenderer;
import gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.mms.MMSRendererPK;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.domain.UMLAttribute;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.domain.UMLClass;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.domain.UMLModel;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.domain.UMLPackage;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.domain.UMLTaggedValue;

import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.handler.XmiInOutHandler;
import gov.nih.nci.ncicb.xmiinout.util.ModelUtil;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.TreeNode;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.dnd.DnDConstants;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * The class is the main panel to construct the UI and initialize the utilities
 * to facilitate mapping functions.
 *
 * @author OWNER: Ye Wu
 * @author LAST UPDATE $Author: wangeug $
 * @version Since caAdapter v3.2 revision $Revision: 1.16 $ date $Date:
 *          2007/04/03 16:17:57 $
 */
public class CsvToXmiMappingPanel extends AbstractMappingPanel {
	private static final String LOGID = "$RCSfile: CsvToXmiMappingPanel.java,v $";

	public static String RCSID = "$Header: /share/content/gforge/caadapter/caadapter/components/userInterface/src/gov/nih/nci/caadapter/ui/mapping/catrend/CsvToXmiMappingPanel.java,v 1.16 2008-09-29 20:27:57 wangeug Exp $";
	public static String MAPPING_TARGET_DATA_MODEL="CSV_TO_XMI_DATA_MODEL";
	public static String MAPPING_TARGET_OBJECT_MODEL="CSV_TO_XMI_OBJECT_MODEL";
    private CsvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler csvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler = null;
	private String mappingTarget=MAPPING_TARGET_OBJECT_MODEL;
    private static final String SELECT_XMI = "Open XMI File...";
    private static final String SELECT_CSV = "Open CSV Meta File...";
    private String sourceFileName;
    private String targetFileName;
    private XmiModelMetadata xmiModelMeta;
    private CsvToXmiMappingReportPanel reportPanel;
	public CsvToXmiMappingPanel() {
		this("CsvToXmiMapping");
	}

	public CsvToXmiMappingPanel(String name) {
		this.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		this.add(getCenterPanel(false), BorderLayout.CENTER);
		fileSynchronizer = new MappingFileSynchronizer(this);
    }

	protected JPanel getTopLevelLeftPanel() {
		JPanel topCenterPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		topCenterPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		JSplitPane centerSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT);
		DefaultSettings.setDefaultFeatureForJSplitPane(centerSplitPane);

		// construct source panel
		sourceButtonPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		sourceButtonPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		sourceLocationPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(2, 0));
		sourceLocationPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		sourceTreeCollapseAllAction = new TreeCollapseAllAction(sTree);
		sourceTreeExpandAllAction = new TreeExpandAllAction(sTree);

		JToolBar sourceTreeToolBar = new JToolBar("Source Tree Tool Bar");
		sourceTreeToolBar.setFloatable(false);
		sourceTreeToolBar.add(sourceTreeExpandAllAction);
		sourceTreeToolBar.add(sourceTreeCollapseAllAction);
		sourceLocationPanel.add(sourceTreeToolBar, BorderLayout.WEST);
		sourceLocationArea.setEditable(false);
		sourceLocationArea.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 10), 24));
		sourceLocationPanel.add(sourceLocationArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);

		JButton openCsvButton = new JButton(SELECT_CSV);
		openCsvButton.setMnemonic('C');
		openCsvButton.setToolTipText("Select Csv Meta file...");
		openCsvButton.addActionListener(this);
		sourceLocationPanel.add(openCsvButton, BorderLayout.EAST);

		sourceButtonPanel.add(sourceLocationPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		// sourceScrollPane =
		sourceScrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 4),
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 1.5)));
		sourceScrollPane.setSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 3),
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 1.5)));
		sourceButtonPanel.add(sourceScrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);

		// construct target panel
		targetButtonPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		targetButtonPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		targetLocationPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(2, 0));
		targetLocationPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
		targetTreeCollapseAllAction = new TreeCollapseAllAction(tTree);
		targetTreeExpandAllAction = new TreeExpandAllAction(tTree);
		JToolBar targetTreeToolBar = new JToolBar("Target Tree Tool Bar");
		targetTreeToolBar.setFloatable(false);
		targetTreeToolBar.add(targetTreeExpandAllAction);
		targetTreeToolBar.add(targetTreeCollapseAllAction);
		targetLocationPanel.add(targetTreeToolBar, BorderLayout.WEST);

		JButton openXmiButton = new JButton(SELECT_XMI);
		openXmiButton.setMnemonic('X');
		openXmiButton.setToolTipText("Select XMI file...");
		openXmiButton.addActionListener(this);
		targetLocationPanel.add(openXmiButton, BorderLayout.EAST);

		targetLocationArea.setEditable(false);
		targetLocationArea.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 10), 24));
		targetLocationPanel.add(targetLocationArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		targetButtonPanel.add(targetLocationPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		targetScrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 3),
				Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 2));
		targetButtonPanel.add(targetScrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		targetButtonPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 5),
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 1.5)));

		// construct middle panel
		JPanel centerFuncationPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(2, 0));
		JPanel middleContainerPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
		// to hold the place equates the source and target button panel so as to
		// align the drawing the graphs.
		JLabel placeHolderLabel = new JLabel();
		placeHolderLabel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 16), 24));
		middlePanel = new MappingMiddlePanel(this);
		middlePanel.setKind("CsvToXmi");
		middlePanel.setSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 3),
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 1.5)));
		centerFuncationPanel.add(placeHolderLabel, BorderLayout.EAST);
		centerFuncationPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH / 3.5), 24));
		middleContainerPanel.add(centerFuncationPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		middleContainerPanel.add(middlePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

		JSplitPane rightSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT);
		DefaultSettings.setDefaultFeatureForJSplitPane(rightSplitPane);
		rightSplitPane.setDividerLocation(0.5);
		rightSplitPane.setLeftComponent(middleContainerPanel);
		rightSplitPane.setRightComponent(targetButtonPanel);

		centerSplitPane.setLeftComponent(sourceButtonPanel);
		centerSplitPane.setRightComponent(rightSplitPane);

		topCenterPanel.add(centerSplitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		topCenterPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_WIDTH * 0.8),
				(int) (Config.FRAME_DEFAULT_HEIGHT / 1.5)));
		return topCenterPanel;
	}

	protected TreeNode loadSourceTreeData(Object metaInfo, File file)
			throws Exception {
		TreeNode node;
		SCMMapSourceNodeLoader scmMapSourceNodeLoader = new SCMMapSourceNodeLoader();
		node = scmMapSourceNodeLoader.loadData(metaInfo);
		return node;
	}

	protected TreeNode loadTargetTreeData(Object metaInfo, File absoluteFile)
			throws Exception {
		String targetNodeName="";
		if (getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_OBJECT_MODEL))
			targetNodeName="Object Model";

		else if(getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_DATA_MODEL))
			targetNodeName="Data Model";
		else
			throw new Exception("Failed in building XMI target tree: Target type is not defined");
		TreeNode node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(targetNodeName);
		if (this.getXmiModelMeta()==null)
			setXmiModelMeta(new XmiModelMetadata(""));
		//load xmiModel data
		getXmiModelMeta().setXmiFileName(absoluteFile.getAbsolutePath());
		LinkedHashMap myMap = getXmiModelMeta().getModelMetadata();

		Set keySet = myMap.keySet();
		Iterator keySetIterator = keySet.iterator();
		while (keySetIterator.hasNext()) {
			String key = (String) keySetIterator.next();
			if (getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_OBJECT_MODEL))
			{
				if (key.contains( CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_OBJECTMODEL ) + ".") )
					constructXmiNTreeNde(node, key, (CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_OBJECTMODEL ) + ".").length(), false);

			}
			else if(getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_DATA_MODEL))
			{
				if (key.contains( CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_DATAMODEL ) + "."))
					constructXmiNTreeNde(node, key, ( CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_DATAMODEL ) + ".").length(),  false);
			}
		}
		return node;
	}

	protected void buildTargetTree(Object metaInfo, File absoluteFile,
			boolean isToResetGraph) throws Exception {
		super.buildTargetTree(metaInfo, absoluteFile, isToResetGraph);
		if (getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_OBJECT_MODEL))
		{
			MMSRendererPK objectModelRenderer=new MMSRendererPK();
			objectModelRenderer.setXmiMeta(getXmiModelMeta());
			tTree.setCellRenderer(objectModelRenderer);
		}
		else if(getMappingTarget().equalsIgnoreCase(MAPPING_TARGET_DATA_MODEL))
		{
			MMSRenderer renderer=new MMSRenderer();
			renderer.setXmiMeta(getXmiModelMeta());
			tTree.setCellRenderer(renderer);
		}
        // instantiate the "DropTransferHandler"
		csvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler = new CsvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler(
				tTree, getMappingDataManager(), DnDConstants.ACTION_LINK);
	}

	protected TreeDefaultDropTransferHandler getTargetTreeDropTransferHandler() {
		return csvToXmiTargetTreeDropTransferHandler;
	}

	private void constructXmiNTreeNde(TreeNode node, String fullName, int prefixLen, boolean isSourceNode)
	{
		String name = fullName.substring(prefixLen, fullName.length());
		String[] pks = name.split("\\.");
		LinkedHashMap myMap =getXmiModelMeta().getModelMetadata();
		if (pks.length <= 0)
			return;
		if (pks.length == 1) {
			if (isSourceNode)
				((DefaultMutableTreeNode) node).add(new DefaultSourceTreeNode(
						myMap.get(fullName), true));
			else
				((DefaultMutableTreeNode) node).add(new DefaultTargetTreeNode(
						myMap.get(fullName), true));
			return;
		}
		DefaultMutableTreeNode father = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) node;
		for (int i = 0; i < pks.length - 1; i++) {
			boolean exist = false;
			Enumeration children = father.children();
			while (children.hasMoreElements()) {
				DefaultMutableTreeNode current = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) children
						.nextElement();

				if (current.toString().equals(pks[i])) {
					exist = true;
					father = current;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (!exist) {
				DefaultMutableTreeNode newTreeNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(
						pks[i], true);
				father.add(newTreeNode);
				father = newTreeNode;
			}
		}
		DefaultMutableTreeNode newTreeNode;
		if (isSourceNode)
				newTreeNode = new DefaultSourceTreeNode(myMap.get(fullName),true);
		else
			newTreeNode = new DefaultTargetTreeNode(myMap.get(fullName), true);

	    father.add(newTreeNode);
		return;
	}

	/**
	 * Called by actionPerformed() and overridable by descendant classes.
	 *
	 * @param file
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private boolean processOpenSourceTree(File file, boolean isToResetGraph,
			boolean supressReportIssuesToUI) throws Exception {
		this.setSourceFileName(file.getAbsolutePath());
		BaseResult returnResult = null;

		// parse the file into a meta object graph.
		MetaParser parser = new CSVMetaParserImpl();
		returnResult = parser.parse(new FileReader(file));
		ValidatorResults validatorResults = returnResult.getValidatorResults();
		if (validatorResults != null && validatorResults.hasFatal())
		{
			Message msg = validatorResults.getMessages(ValidatorResult.Level.FATAL).get(0);
			DefaultSettings.reportThrowableToLogAndUI(this, null, msg.toString(), this, true, supressReportIssuesToUI);
			return false;
		}
		//default to Config.HSM_META_DEFINITION_FILE_DEFAULT_EXTENSION
		MetaObject metaInfo = ((CSVMetaResult) returnResult).getCsvMeta();

		buildSourceTree(metaInfo, file, isToResetGraph);
		middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().registerSourceComponent(metaInfo, file);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Called by actionPerformed() and overridable by descendant classes.
	 *
	 * @param file
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private boolean processOpenTargetTree(File file, boolean isToResetGraph,
			boolean supressReportIssuesToUI) throws Exception {
		this.setTargetFileName(file.getAbsolutePath());
		if( CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_OBJECTMODEL ) == null )
		{
			CaadapterUtil.savePrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_OBJECTMODEL , "Logical View.Logical Model");
		}
		if( CaadapterUtil.readPrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_DATAMODEL ) == null )
		{
			CaadapterUtil.savePrefParams( Config.MMS_PREFIX_DATAMODEL , "Logical View.Data Model");
		}
		// parse the file into a meta object graph.
        MetaObject metaInfo = null;
		buildTargetTree(metaInfo, file, isToResetGraph);
		middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().registerTargetComponent(metaInfo,
				file);
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Called by actionPerformed() and overridable by descendant classes.
	 *
	 * @param file
	 * @throws Exception
	 *             changed from protected to pulic by sean
	 */
	public ValidatorResults processOpenMapFile(File file) throws Exception
	{
		// parse the file.
		MapParserImpl parser = new MapParserImpl();
		ValidatorResults validatorResults = parser.parse(file.getParent(), new FileReader(file));
		if (validatorResults != null && validatorResults.hasFatal())
		{//immediately return if it has fatal errors.
			return validatorResults;
		}
		Mapping mapping = parser.getMapping();//returnResult.getMapping();
		this.setMappingTarget(mapping.getMappingType());
		//build source tree
		BaseComponent sourceComp = mapping.getSourceComponent();
		File sourceFile = sourceComp.getFile();
		boolean srcTreeBuild=processOpenSourceTree(sourceFile, true, true);
		//build target tree
		BaseComponent targetComp = mapping.getTargetComponent();
		File targetFile = targetComp.getFile();
		boolean targetTreeBuild=processOpenTargetTree(targetFile, true, true);
		middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().setMappingData(mapping);
		setSaveFile(file);
		return validatorResults;
	}

    public ValidatorResults cvsToXmiGeneration(String mappingFile) throws Exception
    {
        File file = new File(mappingFile);
        //init() - read parameters from mappingFile
        MapParserImpl parser = new MapParserImpl();
        ValidatorResults validatorResults = parser.parse(file.getParent(), new FileReader(file));

        if (validatorResults != null && validatorResults.hasFatal())
        {//immediately return if it has fatal errors.
            return validatorResults;
        }

        Mapping mapping = parser.getMapping();//returnResult.getMapping();
        String  xmiFile = mapping.getTargetComponent().getFile().getAbsolutePath();
        System.out.println("CsvToXmiMappingPanel.cvsToXmiGeneration()..mapping target xmi file:"+xmiFile);
        XmiInOutHandler handler=getXmiModelMeta().getHandler();
        UMLModel model=handler.getModel();
        //clear out the xmi file so duplicate tagvalues are not added on multiple saves
        for( UMLPackage pkg : model.getPackages() )
        {
			clearXMLNamespacePackages( pkg );
		}

        //for each map in mapList to the following
        for (gov.nih.nci.caadapter.hl7.map.Map map : mapping.getMaps() )
        {
            UMLAttribute column = null;
            column = ModelUtil.findAttribute( model,  map.getTargetMapElement().getDataXmlPath());//.getXPath());//.getXmlPath() );
            System.out.println("Annotate Attribute :"+map.getTargetMapElement().getDataXmlPath() +"..."+map.getTargetMapElement().getXmlPath() + "XMLNamespace.. "+ map.getSourceMapElement().getXmlPath());
            if ( column != null ) {
                System.out.println("Annotate Attribute :"+map.getTargetMapElement().getXmlPath() + "XMLNamespace.. "+ map.getSourceMapElement().getXmlPath());
                column.addTaggedValue( "XMLNamespace", map.getSourceMapElement().getXmlPath() );
            }
        }

        //write xmi file
        handler.save(xmiFile);

        setSaveFile(file);
		//redraw mapping panel
		middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().setMappingData(mapping);
        return validatorResults;
    }

    private void clearXMLNamespacePackages( UMLPackage pkg )
    {
        for ( UMLClass clazz : pkg.getClasses() )
        {
            for( UMLAttribute att : clazz.getAttributes() )
            {
                for( UMLTaggedValue tagValue : att.getTaggedValues() )
                {
                    if( tagValue.getName().contains( "XMLNamespace" ))
                    {
                        System.out.println("Clearing Tagged Values");
                        att.removeTaggedValue( "XMLNamespace" );
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        for ( UMLPackage pkg2 : pkg.getPackages() )
        {
            clearXMLNamespacePackages( pkg2 );
        }
    }

    /**
	 * Over ridden method to return menuItem for menuBar and toolBar
	 */
	public Map getMenuItems(String menu_name) {
		Action action = null;
		ContextManager contextManager = ContextManager.getContextManager();
		Map<String, Action> actionMap = contextManager.getClientMenuActions(
				MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI, menu_name);
		if (MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME.equals(menu_name)) {
			JRootPane rootPane = this.getRootPane();
			if (rootPane != null) {
				contextManager.enableAction(ActionConstants.NEW_CSV2XMI_MAP_FILE,
						false);
				contextManager.enableAction(ActionConstants.OPEN_CSV2XMI_MAP_FILE,
						true);
			}
		}
		// since the action depends on the panel instance,
		// the old action instance should be removed
		if (actionMap != null)
			contextManager.removeClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_SPEC,
					menu_name, "");

        action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend.actions.SaveCsvToXmiMapAction(
				this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.SAVE, action);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.TOOLBAR_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.SAVE, action);
		action.setEnabled(true);

		action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend.actions.SaveAsCsvToXmiMapAction(
				this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.SAVE_AS, action);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.TOOLBAR_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.SAVE_AS,
				action);
		action.setEnabled(true);

		action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.mms.actions.AnotateAction(
				this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.ANOTATE, action);
		action.setEnabled(false);

		action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend.actions.ValidateCsvToXmiMapAction(
				this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.VALIDATE, action);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.TOOLBAR_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.VALIDATE,
				action);
		action.setEnabled(true);

		action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.catrend.actions.CloseCsvToXmiMapAction(this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.FILE_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.CLOSE, action);
		action.setEnabled(true);

		action = new gov.nih.nci.caadapter.ui.mapping.mms.actions.ValidateObjectToDbMapAction(
				this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.REPORT_MENU_NAME,
				ActionConstants.GENERATE_REPORT, action);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.TOOLBAR_MENU_NAME,
				ActionConstants.GENERATE_REPORT, action);
		action.setEnabled(true);

		action = new RefreshMapAction(this);
		contextManager.addClientMenuAction(MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI,
				MenuConstants.TOOLBAR_MENU_NAME, ActionConstants.REFRESH,
				action);
		action.setEnabled(false);

		actionMap = contextManager.getClientMenuActions(
				MenuConstants.CSV_TO_XMI, menu_name);
		return actionMap;
	}

	/**
	 * return the open action inherited with this client.
	 */
	public Action getDefaultOpenAction() {
		ContextManager contextManager = ContextManager.getContextManager();
		return contextManager.getDefinedAction(ActionConstants.OPEN_CSV2XMI_MAP_FILE);
	}

	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
		String command = e.getActionCommand();
		try {
			boolean everythingGood = true;
			if (SELECT_XMI.equals(command)) {
				File file = DefaultSettings.getUserInputOfFileFromGUI(this, // FileUtil.getUIWorkingDirectoryPath(),
						".xmi", "Open XMI file ...", false, false);
				if (file != null)
				{
						processOpenTargetTree(file, true, true);
						//redraw mapping panel
						Mapping currentMapping= middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().retrieveMappingData(false);
						middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().setMappingData(currentMapping);
				}
			}
			else if (SELECT_CSV.equals(command)) {
				File file = DefaultSettings.getUserInputOfFileFromGUI(this, // FileUtil.getUIWorkingDirectoryPath(),
						".scs", "Open CSV meta file ...", false, false);

				if (file != null)
				{
					processOpenSourceTree(file, true, true);
					Mapping currentMapping= middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().retrieveMappingData(false);
					middlePanel.getMappingDataManager().setMappingData(currentMapping);
				}
			}

			if (!everythingGood) {
				Message msg = MessageResources
						.getMessage("GEN3", new Object[0]);
				JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg.toString(), "Error",
						JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
			}
		} catch (Exception e1) {
			DefaultSettings.reportThrowableToLogAndUI(this, e1, "", this,
					false, false);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Explicitly reload information from the internal given file.
	 *
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public void reload() throws Exception {
		if( getSaveFile() != null)
            processOpenMapFile(getSaveFile());
	}

	/**
	 * Reload the file specified in the parameter.
	 *
	 * @param changedFileMap
	 */
	public void reload(	Map<MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE, File> changedFileMap) {
		/**
		 * Design rationale: 1) if the changedFileMap is null, simply return; 2)
		 * if the getSaveFile() method does not return null, it implies current
		 * panel associates with a mapping file, just reload the whole mapping
		 * file so as to refresh those mapping relationship; 3) if the
		 * getSaveFile() returns null, just reload source and/or target file
		 * within the changedFileMap, and ignore the checking of
		 * MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE.Mapping_File item in the map;
		 */
		if (changedFileMap == null) {
			return;
		}
		File existMapFile = getSaveFile();
		try {
			if (existMapFile != null) {
				if (existMapFile.exists()) {
					processOpenMapFile(existMapFile);
				} else {// exist map file does not exist anymore
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, existMapFile
							.getAbsolutePath()
							+ " does not exist or is not accessible anymore",
							"File Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
					return;
				}
			} else {// exist map file does not exist, simply reload source
					// and/or target file
				Iterator it = changedFileMap.keySet().iterator();
				while (it.hasNext()) {
					MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE key = (MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE) it
							.next();
					File file = changedFileMap.get(key);
					if (GeneralUtilities.areEqual(MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE.Source_File, key)) {
						processOpenSourceTree(file, true, true);
					} else if (GeneralUtilities.areEqual(MappingFileSynchronizer.FILE_TYPE.Target_File, key)) {
						processOpenTargetTree(file, true, true);
					}
				}// end of while
			}// end of else
		} catch (Exception e) {
			DefaultSettings.reportThrowableToLogAndUI(this, e, "", this, false,
					false);
		}
	}

	public String getMappingTarget() {
		return mappingTarget;
	}

	public void setMappingTarget(String mappingTarget) {
		this.mappingTarget = mappingTarget;
	}

	public CsvToXmiMappingReportPanel getReportPanel() {
		return reportPanel;
	}

	public void setReportPanel(CsvToXmiMappingReportPanel reportPanel) {
		this.reportPanel = reportPanel;
	}

	public String getSourceFileName() {
		return sourceFileName;
	}

	public void setSourceFileName(String sourceFileName) {
		this.sourceFileName = sourceFileName;
	}

	public String getTargetFileName() {
		return targetFileName;
	}

	public void setTargetFileName(String targetFileName) {
		this.targetFileName = targetFileName;
	}

	public XmiModelMetadata getXmiModelMeta() {
		return xmiModelMeta;
	}

	public void setXmiModelMeta(XmiModelMetadata xmiModelMeta) {
		this.xmiModelMeta = xmiModelMeta;
	}
}

/**
 * HISTORY      : $Log: not supported by cvs2svn $
**/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Rent 1k. studio Deribasivska "hi-tech"
The apartment is located in the heart of Odessa, near the attractions of our city - the City Garden, Opera House, Primorsky Boulevard. Near the business center "Europe", where there are cozy cafes, fine dining, entertainment, shopping complexes.
Rent apartments in kavrtyri is all that is necessary for living. Provide documents for reporting. Internet.Tsiny specify.


Few connect South Dakota with aeronautical successes in the last 100 plus years. The Wright Brothers, John Glenn orbiting the earth, Neil Armstrong walking on the moon come to mind. In 1934 the Army Air Corp and the National Geographic Society picked a relatively unknown location called Moonlight Valley outside Rapid City, South Dakota to launch a Hot Air Balloon in the hopes of reaching the Stratosphere.
Three Army officers in the largest Hot Air Balloon ever constructed embarked into the unknown, more than twenty years before the Soviet Union flew Sputnik. The first attempt failed with the officers parachuting to safety. The feat was attempted again in 1935 before an audience of 50,000 people. It was successful in setting an official altitude of over 74,000 feet. The Valley was renamed Stratobowl and has a Hot Air Balloon weekend annually to commemorate the event.
The hike is Straight forward on an old forest road. Forest Road 370 is barricaded, so go around the barricade and hike up the gravel road that nature is reclaiming. The trail meanders thru mature forest and soon you realize you are on the rim of this spectacular valley shaped like a bowl. Several side trails take you to viewpoints of the valley below which include Spring Creek. The launch site is well maintained and has a peace sign mowed into it like crop circle art. There is a formal deck with plaque for viewing as well as several granite tablets documenting the accomplishments at this location.
Highway 16, 2 miles south of Bear Country attraction Rapid City, SD. Take first drive south of gas station to trail head on west side of highway 16.


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text:
Gracchus Babeuf 1794
They Want to Save Carrier; They Want to Put the Revolutionary Tribunal on Trial. People beware!
Source: On Veut Sauver Carrier, [n.d. 1794] [n.p.];
Translated: from the original letter, by Mitchell Abidor;
CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & ShareAlike) marxists.org 2012.
Translator's note: Jean-Baptiste Carrier (1756-1794) , an uncompromising revolutionary and merciless fighter against enemies of the revolution, was responsible for the bloody repression of the Vendée rebels, including the mass drowning of rebels – the noyades – in the Loire off Nantes. Despite his ferocity, he was at loggerheads with the sans culottes and, ultimately, Robespierre, and participated in the events of 9 Thermidor. When Carrier was put on trial in the fall of 1794 Babeuf was commissioned by the National Convention – in the person of Joseph Fouché – to mount a press campaign against Carrier. Found guilty, Carrier was guillotined December 16, 1794. During his trial at the Convention he told his fellow-legislators: "Everything here is guilty, including the bell."
The crimes of the people's representatives and those of their agents must never go unpunished. No one has the right to claim himself more inviolable than other citizens.
Declaration of the Rights of Man, art. 51
The people of Paris, the people of the whole Republic, have issued but one cry since the opening of the trial of the accomplices of the most execrable of depopulators. This cry calls for the most terrible vengeance, vengeance called on to fall not on the head, but on all the sensitive parts of the most monstrous being nature has ever produced. Never have expressions of indignation been so generally, so energetically expressed against an individual. And never has such an accumulation of atrocities better justified public irritation.
Carrier: this horrible name strikes all ears, is issued from all mouths. Merely speaking it causes a shiver of horror. There is not a single Frenchman for whom this word does not suffice to tell the story of the man it designates. It reminds all of his contemporaries of the most irascible of carnivorous beings. Posterity will not be able to find in any tradition an exterminator who was his equal. The crimes of this master villain are recognized by, and proven to, all, and yet he has unofficial defenders in the National Convention, and it even appears that there exists a strong party that wants to save him. Even more, there are signs that announce that there are those who want to influence, even terrify the just tribunal that, with its usual wisdom, is investigating the affair of the infamous drowner who has far surpassed Nero and all the other great executioners.
Are we not scandalized to read in all the newspapers what happened at the Convention during the session of 12 Brumaire, upon the appearance of this ferocious assassin, whose presence at a senate is a continual insult to the people represented? Let us review this session and weigh its astonishing circumstances as they relate to Carrier.
It is a fact that a police officer was charged with an order to hold Carrier in custody, to prevent him from leaving Paris and, if he attempted to do so, to take him to the Commission of the Twenty-One. It is a fact that the police officer was arrested and imprisoned for taking Carrier to this commission.
There is nothing that says that the officer charged with the order didn't arrest Carrier because he felt that Carrier sought to leave Paris. Given that the order said "if he attempted" to leave Paris, the result was that the vagueness of the word "attempted" left the guard wide latitude. The least movement, the least initiative could have appeared to him to be an attempt at flight; he was the sole judge of this and his responsibility must have seemed so great to him that that it didn't allow him to run any great risks. And do it is clear that the arrest should not have rendered him reprehensible, and the fact of having carried out this arrest incontestably supposed that there was reason to do so, and we cannot help but see in the treatment of Carrier's guard a punishment for having carried out his mandate.
But what is more worthy of observation is the tender solicitude that several deputies demonstrate towards their colleague Carrier. The Commission of the Twenty-One manifested great surprise at seeing him accompanied by a gendarme and a police officer; Guyomard finds it to be a terrible attack on the national representation and calls for its punishment.
Concerning the first circumstance I only have this thought: that it's the last straw that Guyomard wants to maintain respect for the national representation by not suffering respect to be lost for its least respectable members.
Then there is Legendre. He finds malicious those who reveal to their groups their fears of the project to save Carrier. It is consequently a crime to demonstrate alarm over what would, without contradiction, be a great misfortune; that is, seeing the incomparable criminal escape exemplary vengeance.
We are not a little surprised to hear Legendre explain the unforgivable wrong of the arresting officer by saying that he abused his orders by not observing the consideration due to the national representation by arresting Carrier in a manner inappropriate to the dignity of his position. This is why the Committee of General Security set free the representative of the people and arrested the individual who permitted himself this arbitrary act against a member of the Convention.
When we hear Legendre speak in this way are we not tempted to say that he too is finished, that returning to the countryside has ruined him? But if for these people it's a matter of showing proper consideration, it is to the blights of this world that they want us to grant consideration. What do they mean by the consideration due the national representation in the person of Carrier, by the dignity of Carrier's position? I see nothing but Carrier in Carrier; I see no dignity inherent in his position. And as for the national representation, I see the indignity of Carrier's sullying the title. What is this fanaticism concerning positions, that calls for respect for what is no longer respectable? Are we going to return to superstitious times, when lying priests also spoke of a position to be respected in their persons? I only know men, and not positions. I respect them when they deserve to be respected. When they are like Carrier I abhor them. It will be said that he hasn't yet been judged. But he has been judged by public opinion, and this is enough. It is even too much.
Duhem has just revealed his intention of shielding the devourer of mankind from national justice. The newspapers say, "He speaks of posters that have as their object the capturing of the opinions of the people and the jurors of the Revolutionary Tribunal. He is surprised that the public prosecutor at this tribunal has not been ordered to appear at the bar to account for his conduct in this regard. He accuses the leaders of the tribunal of being a faction that wants to pursue several members of the Convention, notably the deputies, who did everything it was possible to do to save the Fatherland in the Vendée."
This is the plan of the accomplice of the exterminator of peoples. They'll intimidate, they'll silence the tribunal, they'll even attempt to put it on trial. And they'll justify the mass killer of the west with the excuse that the terrorism he provided the earth an example of was necessary for the salvation of the Fatherland.
Exterminable system! It was necessary for the salvation of France to erase the entire population of its western parts! It was necessary for the salvation of the Fatherland to turn its most beautiful countryside into a horrible desert, to make it the lair of voracious animals both terrestrial and aquatic by covering the waters, fields, and woods with corpses! Ferocious Duhem, you sanction these horrifying devastations, you absolve the murderers of a quarter of France: your no less barbarous soul would have done the same as them. Where did republicans find legislators like you? What evil genius led them towards executioners instead of guiding them among the wise? To save the Fatherland the latter would have found means other than depopulating the most beautiful regions. Phélipeaux and Dubois-Crancé said that the Vendée could have been converted by less atrocious means. Battalions of missionaries, apostles of freedom should have been sent there who, capable of presenting their doctrine with all its charms would, without bloodshed easily have brought around a people that was abused by a horde of imposters. Men of blood and death, do you think you attenuate the general horror your frightful exploits inspired by the charlatanism of a coldly abominable phrase: "All they did was everything it was possible to do to save the Fatherland." These sinister and insidious words will not work. Do all you will to quell indignation, we for our part will do all we can to keep it alive, to prevent the worst possible villainy from escaping the vengeance that all Frenchmen demand and expect. If we must every day retrace the most revolting horrors of our cannibals, then we will; we will not allow the people to forget. Let us begin this task. Rest easy, many manes; the people will not grow cold to the satisfaction that is due you. You shall be avenged.
In order to save the Fatherland were the 23 noyades of Nantes, one of 600 children, needed? Were "republican marriages" necessary, where young boys and girls tied together naked were knocked unconscious with saber blows and then tossed into the Loire? (Deposition by Philippe Tronjoli and Bourier) Was it necessary (another deposition of 25 Vendémiaire) to cause to die in the prisons of Nantes through hunger, infection, and misery, 10,000 citizens, 30,000 if we include the executions and noyades? Were the sabrades necessary (deposition of Laéné) on the departmental square, which occupied 300 men for six weeks filling the mass graves with those who perished from this torture? Was it necessary for Carrier (deposition of Tronjoli of the 27) to sleep with three beautiful women and then drown them? Was it necessary to execute (deposition of Renaudot) infantry and cavalry detachments of the rebel army who had voluntarily surrendered? Was it necessary to drown or execute (deposition of Thomas) 500 children, the oldest of whom wasn't fourteen and who Carrier called vipers that must be suppressed? Was it necessary (same deposition) to drown 30- 40 women eight and eight and a half months pregnant and to offer horrified eyes the still palpitating corpses of the babies tossed into a tub filled with excrement? Was it necessary (deposition of Abraham and goodwife Puchotte) to kill in one night by suffocation (caused by infection and lack of air) 50-60 prisoners in a galleon whose side panels were shut expressly to cause suffocation? Was it necessary, after the execution of a group of women by firing squad (deposition of Delamarie) to make a pile of their corpses and to joke in poor taste, calling it a Mountain? Was it necessary (deposition of Coron) to tear their fruits from women about to give birth, to carry them at the tips of bayonets and then throw them in the river? Was it necessary to spread among the soldiers of the Marat Company the horrible doctrine that each of them should be capable of drinking a cup of blood? Was it necessary (deposition of Forget) to make the warden of the prison the sole judge of his detainees? Was it necessary to allow the generals to openly proclaim themselves the butchers of the Convention? Was it necessary (deposition of Jeanne Laillet) that Carrier himself give the special order to guillotine the six young Lamettries sisters; that the sorrowful cries of these unfortunates who demanded judges only made an impression on the executioner, who died three days later of sorrow because he carried out this execution? Was it necessary (deposition of Lavigne) for Carrier to openly profess his execrable jurisprudence through these terrible words: "Bah, you judges need a hundred proofs, a hundred witnesses to guillotine a man. Toss them all in the river; that's what you should have done." Was it necessary (deposition of Tabouret) for the unfortunates who were being taken by ship to a noyade who passed their arms through openings in the side panels to beg for mercy, to have their arms struck with sabers as they asked for pity from their executioners? Was it necessary (deposition of Moutier) for Carrier to publicly say in Nantes that they should play petanque with the heads of all the residents of Nantes?
Ah, Carrier, ah, Duhem, and all of you unofficial defenders of them.
If it is only in this way that you know how to save the Fatherland, then the murdered Fatherland is rising up against your blood-stained hands and will deal the death blow before your atrociously insatiable hearts have realized their obvious wish: to bury all of humankind in the abysses of destruction and to rule over corpses and deserts. What do you take the French people for by thinking that they will allow perfected cannibalism to emerge triumphant from horrors which will astound centuries and nations. No. Count on it that the judgment of public opinion, which has never pronounced itself so unanimously against a guilty man, will not bow before the insane appeals of a few vociferators who shared and share his populicide dogmas. Nature will not allow, has never allowed the assassins of this earth to harvest the fruits of their barbarity with impunity. The blood of men has always splashed on those who caused it to spill. Carrier's death is being loudly called for. It is the goal of a universal wish; it is necessary for the repose of the Republic, none of whose regions will be safe from the unheard of furies of such an executioner if a frightening example isn't imposed on whoever would be tempted to imitate him. Far from listening to the appeals for pity provoked in favor of the monster vomited up by the Cantal, it is perhaps neither impolitic nor unphilosophical to solicit for this extraordinary being, for this enemy of nature, a particular punishment. Nero, his mentor, wished that humanity could have but one head so that he could annihilate it with one blow. Shouldn't humanity then wish that Nero and Carrier had a thousand heads so they could suffer a thousand deaths? No, one blow of the guillotine is not enough for such execrable beings. The shades of the victims of the departments of the west will not be satisfied with so small a sacrifice. What would happen if a Caligulaite cabal were to find itself strong enough to have thanks voted for the ferocious drowner and depopulator and to rank this man-eater among the saviors of the Fatherland? These tearful shades will join their cries of despair to the cries of the living, and the latter will want only to reach the fatal shores before the era when the hordes of the unpunished Carrier spread across the four parts of France to turn it into a vast cemetery.
But no, the Revolutionary Tribunal, whose fair conduct consoles and gives confidence to all good citizens, will know how to remain firm against all the suggestions of ruse, crime, and even power. It will render itself worthy of the honorable post to which it has been raised. It will not forget that the eyes of all of France are fixed on it, that the fate of the French people depends in large part on the support of the march it has led in the important affair whose first threads it holds in its hands. And the greatest of all the perpetrators of massacres will soon see his final hour, despite the generous efforts of doctor Duhem and his band.
GRACCHUS BABEUF, editor of the "Journal de la Liberté de la Presse" and subsequently the "Tribun du Peuple."
Note: I openly sign this. I am not one of those timid ones who tremblingly write anonymously. I will soon be seen rising up prouder than ever and giving Merlin de Thionville reason to blush for his infamous slanders of me and which the enslaved newspapers embellished and spread.
I just learned of a scientific production (a slap in the face to imposture); I will reply to this as well.
Babeuf Archive


Rep. Eric Swalwell and political advisers around him have started to tell top Democrats he plans to launch a presidential campaign this month, according to multiple Democrats who have talked to Swalwell and people inside his political operation.
The California Democrat, a 38-year-old four-term congressman from the Bay Area, has made five trips to Iowa and three trips to New Hampshire since the 2018 midterms. He will return to the Granite State Saturday, according to his congressional campaign. He also will headline an event in his district on April 14, "where he will discuss his vision for the East Bay and America."


This week has been very exciting for the Little Rock Summer of Solutions team! We started off the week with maintaining our garden and creating plans for achieving our goals! Through learning about ourselves through character tests we also gained the opportunity to better understand our team.
Tuesday we began another day of gardening, greeting community members, and furthering our entrepreneurship training! During this time, our team members Rebecca and Darryl furthered their weatherizing skills at Pulaski Tech. They passed their final test too and gained a wonderful certificate!
Other than some of us advancing in the technical industry we have been learning about the 12th street community. The community members have been very welcoming in their homes and businesses. We are grateful for every one of them.
Thursday the crew awakened very early in the morning to work in a garden in the neighboring city of North Little Rock. After weeding, shoveling, and sweating we took a trip to the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center here in Little Rock. During our trip we gained a bit of cultural appreciation of the black community in Arkansas. The experience has helped us with growth and mindfulness of the population we are serving this summer.
After taking a break, everyone in our team helped with preparing a meal for our weekly community dinner. After hours of preparation we had our meal: Pasta, squash and zucchini, purple potatoes, and loads of bread. The dinner was delightful with various ages from the community. It was a small outcome but we had a good time with everyone who came and wish for our audience to grow.
Friday the team traveled to the Delta Green Community Forum. This forum had local leaders speak on behalf of the green movement.Various vendors had displays and business plans or ideas on enabling central Arkansas to enhance its green economy.
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