text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <title></title>
    <link rel="Stylesheet" href="../css/analysis.css" />

Koble startpunkter til destinasjoner

  Ved å koble startpunkter til destinasjoner måles reisetiden eller avstanden mellom to punkter. Verktøyet kan enten måle i luftlinjeavstand, veiavstand eller kjøretid. Ved hjelp av dette verktøyet kan du

Måle hvor langt kundene reiser for å handle i butikkene dine. Bruk denne informasjonen til å definere markedet ditt, spesielt når du skal målrette reklamekampanjer eller velge nye steder for nye butikker

Beregne forventet kjørelengde for bilparken din. Deretter kjører du Summer innenfor-verktøyet til å rapportere kjørelengde etter stat eller andre regioner.

Beregne total avstand eller tiden pendlere bruker på å reise til og fra jobb.

Du oppgir start- og sluttpunkt, og verktøyet oppretter et lag som inneholder rutelinjer, inkludert målinger, mellom de sammenkoblede startpunktene og målene. Hvis mange startpunkter går til én destinasjon, tas det med en oppsummerende tabell i målet i utdataene.

Hvis det er merket av for  Use current map extent, er det kun geoobjektene som vises i gjeldende kartvisning, som blir tatt med i analysen.  Hvis det ikke er merket av for dette alternativet, vurderes alle geoobjektene i inndatalaget, selv om de befinner seg utenfor gjeldende kartutstrekning.

Velg destinasjonslaget

Velg laget som viser destinasjonen eller destinasjonene som startpunktene skal kobles til. Verktøyet støtter opptil 10 000startlokasjoner og10 000 destinasjoner.

Hvis du velger et lag som har nøyaktig en destinasjon, vil alle startpunktene kobles til denne destinasjonen.

Hvis det er ett startpunkt og flere destinasjoner, kobler verktøyet startpunktet til hver av destinasjonene.

 Hvis det er mange startpunkter og mange destinasjoner, må du ha to felter som beskriver startpunkt-destinasjon-parene: ID-felt i startpunkter og Tilsvarende ID-felt i destinasjonene. Verktøyet forbinder startpunkt-destinasjonparene under analysen. Du kan f.eks. tenke deg at du har to startpunkter med ID-feltverdiene Kari og Knut og to destinasjoner med samme ID-verdier. Kari-startpunktet kobles til Kari-destinasjonen og Knut blir koblet til Knut. Det gjøres ingen andre koblinger eller målinger.

ID-verdiene må være unike innenfor hvert lag. For eksempel kan ikke destinasjonslaget ha to  Kari-verdier. Verdiene i startpunkt- og destinasjonslagene må være nøyaktige par. Knut blir ikke koblet til en feilstavet verdi som Kunt.

Mål

Velg om du vil koble startpunktene til destinasjoner ved å finne den korteste avstanden i luftlinje, kjøreavstand eller kjøretid. Når du velger kjøreavstand eller kjøretid, foretas målingene langs veien, og det tas hensyn til enveiskjørte gater, steder der det ikke er lov å snu og så videre.

Når du velger  Driving time, vises ulike alternativer for måling av kjøretid.

Fjern merket for  Bruk trafikk for å finne de raskeste rutene basert på faste hastigheter. Velg dette alternativet hvis du vil opprette en generelt kjøretidsmåling og ikke et som er beregnet ved hjelp av trafikkforholdene for et bestemt avreisetidspunkt.

Merk av for  Bruk trafikk for å finne de raskeste rutene basert på et gitt starttidspunkt og trafikkforhold. Hvis du i tillegg velger alternativet Live traffic, settes avreisetidspunktet fra startpunktene til gjeldende klokkeslett og gjeldende og estimerte hastigheter innhentes fra sensorer og feeder for å opprette rutene. De estimerte trafikkhastighetene beregnes basert på faktiske trafikkhastigheter, historiske hastigheter og gjeldende hendelser, for eksempel værforhold. Trafikkhastighetene beregnes12 timer frem i tid, slik at du kan dra glidebryteren for å angi avreisetidspunktet opptil12 timer frem i tid.

Bruk disse live trafikkinnstillingene til å finne kjøretidene hvis du kjører nå, kjører om én time og så videre.

Hvis du merker av for  Bruk trafikk og velger Trafikk basert på typiske forhold for for en dag eller et klokkeslett, finner verktøyet de raskeste rutene basert på historiske gjennomsnittshastigheter for intervaller på fem minutter i en vanlig uke. Resultatet omfatter trafikk, men tar ikke hensyn til gjeldende trafikale forhold og hendelser, som kan avvike mye fra normen.

Du kan bruke disse historiske trafikkinnstillingen til å stille spørsmål som "Hvor lang tid tar det som regel å nå disse destinasjonene hvis jeg kjører klokken 11.30 på en onsdag?".

Klokkeslettet du angir, refererer til tidssonen som startpunktene befinner seg i. Hvis du for eksempel velger klokkeslettet 8.00 og du har to startpunkter, ett i New York og ett i Los Angeles, genereres rutene for henholdsvis klokken 8.00 EST og klokke 8.00 PST.

Legg merke til at idet et kjøretøy kjører fra startpunktet, så går tiden og trafikkforholdene endres. Koble startpunkter til destinasjoner-verktøyet tar hensyn til disse variasjonene når du merker av for  Bruk trafikk. Det er imidlertid ikke støtte for denne funksjonen i alle områder. Klikk på koblingen See availability i verktøyet for å finne ut om funksjonen støttes i ditt studieområde.

Navn på resultatlag

Dette er navnet på laget som opprettes i  Mitt innhold og legges til kartet.  Standardnavnet er basert på navnet på analyselaget. Hvis laget finnes allerede, blir du bedt om å bekrefte at du vil overskrive det.

Bruk rullegardinlisten  Lagre resultat i til å angi navnet på en mappe i Mitt innhold som resultatene skal lagres i.


Are you looking for a specific program? Type the name in the box below and click the Search button.
To look for programs or resources that support the transition to independent living, check all the types of assistance you are interested in below.
Now, please choose the location(s) you are interested in by checking the boxes below. Then, click the Search button.


We live in a world that is changing at a faster pace than we can keep up with. Almost everyone has a capable digital camera in their back pocket, social media use is at an all-time high and new digital technologies such as machine learning and AI are allowing users to consume content that is tailored to their specific interests - cat videos, memes and all.
Where am I going with this? I guess I'm trying to stress that there is a ridiculous amount of content out there, all fighting for your precious and dwindling attention span. The thing is, if you don't even try to push above all the noise, you'll be quickly drowned out by it. Now I'm a pretty terrible swimmer but I'm not bad at floating on my back, and although it's not glamorous it's definitely preferable than drowning. But I digress.
Let's rewind a year or two.
I cut my teeth as the online editor and social media manager of a large action sports magazine. The role I had was very much a digital one from the start. To succeed in my job I had to master multiple aspects of content creation - a multi-media assassin of sorts. When I wasn't typing up a longform interview, I would be up a mountain shooting a snowboard event, researching SEO keywords, or editing a video - all while constantly posting about it on Facebook and Instagram (of course).
After I left that job and moved onto a far more serious office job I discovered that I still needed an outlet for my photography. I started an Instagram account for my landscape and drone shots in November 2017 and one year later I have an almost 30,000 strong audience. It's been a huge motivator to get out there and shoot. I've now arrived at the point where I want to start taking things a little more seriously. But being a one-trick pony probably won't cut it. Instagram is all well and good until Zuck decides to cut everyone's reach in half and make us all beg (read:pay) to get it back. We're already seeing it happen, and I for one am not willing to pay for reach that I can get for free elsewhere.
To be successful as a content creator in 2018 you can't afford to put all of your eggs in one basket. This is where my website comes in. I want this to be a place where I can share my best shots as well as some snaps that don't make the cut for whatever reason. I also want to provide more in-depth content than a single image and caption - photography tips, location guides, editing tutorials, gear reviews - it's all in the pipeline.
Working full time as an IT consultant, having to learn the ridiculously taxing German language, and keeping my engagement up on Instagram doesn't leave a huge amount of free time for blogging, but I'm sure as hell going to give it my best shot. If you've made it this far I guess I'm not totally blowing it, so go have a beer on me.


It has been 16 years since everybody — Democrats, Republicans, growers, environmentalists, scientists, engineers, EVERYBODY involved in Everglades issues — embarked on a bold plan to increase water storage south of Lake Okeechobee.
Sixteen years later, The Everglades Foundation did some "embarking" of our own: a 12-day, 20-city bus tour to convince the politicians to finally do what they promised.
For all these years, the people of Florida have borne the brunt of the politicians' failure to act: toxic blue-green algae along both our coasts in the wet season and droughts in the dry months, all while Florida's Everglades dies off, bit by bit.
And so, as the sun came up yesterday morning, The Everglades Foundation took to the road. It will be the shortest leg of our journey, by far: from our offices in Palmetto Bay to our first tour stop, Miami's Wynwood Arts District.
The Foundation CEO Eric Eikenberg unveiled the 4,000-word agenda: a roadmap that will guide the next President, Congress, Florida Governor Scott and the Legislature toward construction of the major water storage reservoir that was identified as a critical component of Everglades restoration all those years ago.
Thanks to the failure of policymakers to follow through on plans for a water storage reservoir, de la Cruz said, 2016 will be remembered for "closed beaches and fishing restrictions" caused by the smelly blue-green tide.
"It is killing jobs and real estate values just as it is killing sport fish and wildlife," he said.
Celeste De Palma, the Everglades Policy Associate for Audubon Florida, noted that more than economics is at stake: there are more than 65 Everglades species are threatened or on the verge of extinction in that very special place.
"The Everglades is our treasure; restoring it is our future," De Palma said.
You can join the fight by texting WATER to 66866, or by visiting EvergladesFoundation.org/NowOrNeverglades-Declaration, and you can watch our Wynwood news conference on Facebook Live! at Facebook.com/EvergladesFoundation.
Next stop: Orlando. Stay tuned.


customer use ZCM since 1.5 years without activation of the "60 Day Trial Version" of patchmanagement during installation. Hasn't bougth it.
Maybe now he want to buy it. Before that, is possible to try it and starts the 60 trial days now?


text:
FathomEvents.com
You are here: Home / Newswire / Sister Sadie Makes Music History With First-Ever All-Female Win of the Entertainer of the Year Award at 31st Annual IBMA Awards
Sister Sadie Makes Music History With First-Ever All-Female Win of the Entertainer of the Year Award at 31st Annual IBMA Awards
October 20, 2020 Comment Off 5 Views
Sister Sadie Makes Music History With First-Ever
All-Female Win of the Entertainer of the Year Award at 31st Annual IBMA Awards
Members of GRAMMY-nominated supergroup — Tina Adair, Dale Ann Bradley, Gena Britt, and Deanie Richardson — also take home Vocal Group of the Year, Fiddle Player of the Year, and Collaborative Recording of the Year
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (October 20, 2020) — Bluegrass supergroup Sister Sadie has made history by becoming the first all-female band to win Entertainer of the Year at the International Bluegrass Music Association Awards.
A 35-year-old institution, the IBMA has never before awarded a female group with this honor. The landmark achievement comes one year after the 2019 IBMA Awards, during which Sister Sadie became the first all-female act to be named Vocal Group of the Year.
"Bluegrass is traditionally viewed as a male-centric genre, but a genre that is rooted in the Appalachian sounds of Mother Maybelle Carter," says Tina Adair, a mandolin virtuoso and spellbinding vocalist who, like her three bandmates, was already an acclaimed solo artist by the time Sister Sadie formed in 2012. "We're proud of this honor. There's a lot of purity and traditionalism in this genre, but a lot of progressivism, too. We love getting to contribute new perspectives to a style of music that has shaped us all."
Collectively and individually, Sister Sadie's four members have racked up a long line of musical milestones. Deanie Richardson made her Grand Ole Opry debut at 13 years old, kicking off a celebrated career that recently found her winning two additional awards at the 31st annual IBMA Awards: Fiddle Player of the Year and Collaborative Recording of the Year (for her work on Becky Buller's "The Barber's Fiddle") — making her the most-awarded artist of this year's awards. Meanwhile, banjo phenom Gena Britt earned three IBMA Awards of her own before teaming up with Sister Sadie, while guitarist and GRAMMY-nominated solo artist Dale Ann Bradley has been named the IBMA's Female Vocalist of the Year five separate times. Together, these four musicians add larger-than-life artistry into a singular, down-to-earth sound.
"We're all over 40 and proud to be on the front lines to show other women that they can also achieve their dreams," says Deanie. "We're proud to expand the ways people hear and view bluegrass, too. To us, it's a musical national treasure that can be traced back to the foundation of our country, and it tells a story of a landscape, a culture, a mindset, and a struggle to overcome the odds. It's in our blood."
Sister Sadie's homegrown success has blossomed into critical and commercial acclaim since 2012, when the group began playing together for the sheer fun of it. The band's self-titled debut album rose to Number One on the Roots Music Charts and Number Four on the Billboard Bluegrass chart, while the follow-up record — Sister Sadie II — was an even bigger hit, debuting at Number Two on the Billboard Bluegrass chart and receiving a GRAMMY nomination for Best Bluegrass Album.
Sister Sadie's triumphs reach beyond music, too. Empowered and independent, the band's four women have maintained a do-it-yourself approach throughout the band's existence, chasing down success without the outside help of a manager, publicist, or booking agent. They're a self-made success
story — proof that collaboration, craft, and hard work are better for business than major-label budgets and size-zero outfits. No wonder the group was named Entertainer of the Year. In a genre that prides itself on authenticity, Sister Sadie is the real thing.
Follow Sister Sadie on social media:
https://www.instagram.com/sistersadiebluegrass/
https://twitter.com/sistersadieband
https://www.facebook.com/sistersadieband
About Sister Sadie:
A group of "bluegrass chart-toppers" (Rolling Stone) whose lineup "brings together some of the best women bluegrass music has ever claimed" (Alison Krauss), Sister Sadie is the only all-female act in history to be named Vocal Group of the Year and Entertainer of the Year by the IBMA. Solo artists Tina Adair, Dale Ann Bradley, Gena Britt, and Deanie Richardson formed the group in 2012, making their collaborative debut with the self-titled Sister Sadie in 2016, and earning a GRAMMY nomination for the album's follow-up, Sister Sadie II, in 2018. Individually, the band's four members have all left unique marks on American roots music. Together, they're one of the most decorated groups in modern-day bluegrass.
In : Newswire
Previous article The Florida Center Receives Grants for Early Childhood Court; Mental Health, Amid Covid
Next article STEFFLON DON RELEASES VIDEO FOR HIT SINGLE "CAN'T LET YOU GO"
Editor of Don411.com Media website.
Website: https://www.don411.com
The Search for a Live Kidney Donor
Free Newsletter Updated Daily
BAM Frontman Alan Williams Releases Album Shelved For 25 Years, August 28, "Anniston" Out Aug 14
Call for Local Artisans: Craftsman Market Launches at WTR Pool this December
Mark Newman Pays Homage to Janis Ian with Reimagining of "From Me To You"
Venice Theatre honors volunteers virtually
Nourishing Biologicals' Dr. George Sadowski Tells Worldwide Business with Kathy Ireland Why It s SkinCare Line is Most Advanced on the Market
My Cooking Magazine and Chef Judi Gallagher Host Virtual Potluck Friday Nights
Tampa Bay Advertising Agency Selected to Rebrand 31,000 Acre Grass-Fed Cattle Ranch in South Florida
PAInT Center at USF receives $30,000 donation to promote diversity, equity and inclusion
Sarasota County Extension launches free, online, youth science program
Kuarantine featuring Chris Jericho Releases Debut Single "No No No"
Italian, NJ Mom of 8, Linda Perillo Zazzali is giving back with her home cooked meals & sauce, for frontline workers, teachers, and families, The Benevolent Caterer
Interview with Olivia Marie Braida-Chiusano, artist featured in the Selby Museum of Botanical Arts "The 45th Anniversary Orchid Show: Women Breaking the Glasshouse Ceiling"
CBS SUNDAY MORNING Features Abby Bannon, High School Senior Who Wrote Graduation Song of 2020 "Here's To You"
Brand-New Pop Act Rory Webley Reveals New Single "Genie in a Bottle"
First Look at "The 45th Anniversary Orchid Show: Women Breaking the Glasshouse Ceiling" will focus on females in Selby Gardens' history
What's Streaming: Classical (Week of May 18–24)
Gov Andrew Cuomo & Billy Crystal in Conversation at 92Y Online 10/27
Interview with Lisa Lutoff-Perlo, President & Chief Executive Officer of Celebrity Cruises with Candid Responses about COVID-19 and Future of Cruising
Josey Greenwell Releases New Single "102" feat. Philup Banks
DEVON GILFILLIAN RELEASES AMAZON ORIGINAL COVER OF RIHANNA'S "LOVE ON THE BRAIN"
Epiphone-Guitar Giveaway Of The Day World Tour-Gives 28 Guitars To Fans In April; Gibson Gives'-Rig For Relief-Raises Over $52,000 For MusiCares Covid-19 Relief Fund
Daniel Radcliffe, Michelle Dockery and James Marsden Headline Guest Lineup for the Week of May 11-15 on 'Live with Kelly and Ryan'
KIM PETRAS Releases New Single "Malibu"
slowthai shares new song & video "ENEMY"
Pregnant manatee rescued by Mote Marine Laboratory and partners; rescued manatee gives birth in rehab at SeaWorld
Bradenton's Ed Scheid Uses Wisdom of the Ages on the Golf Course
Ballet Hispánico B Unidos Instagram Video Series Continues 50th Anniversary Celebration
Sharptooth Announces 'Transitional Forms'
Michael Des Barres releases Sex Pistols cover
Brad Paisley and Band – Together Again! With "Bud Light Seltzer Sessions: Your Flavor. Your Show"
Copyright © 2014 Don411.com. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Protecting Life – Iowa Passes Pro-Life Bill that Will Help Save Lives
Posted by Brittany Raymer | Jun 15, 2020 | Life
This weekend, Iowa lawmakers approved a pro-life bill that requires women to have a 24-hour waiting period prior to an abortion, and will help women choose life.
Passed in the early hours on Sunday morning, the bill introduced a variety of pro-life measures that are designed to protect women from the coercive practices of the abortion industry. For example, in addition to the 24-hour waiting period before the abortion, the bill also requires that patients view the ultrasound and that they are given adoption information.
"Iowans want to see unborn lives protected," Rep. Sandy Salmon, R-Janesville, said. "This bill is a big step in that direction."
Waiting periods between the initial abortion appointment and the procedure itself are incredibly important and give women an opportunity to carefully consider their decision, something that the abortion lobby doesn't want them to do.
It's also a way to keep abortionists and abortion businesses in check.
Sue Thayer, a former Planned Parenthood employee, shared in an upcoming Focus on the Family Broadcast (tenatively scheduled to air in late July) about how the abortion business would pressure women to have an abortion as soon as they confirmed that she was pregnant.
"If a woman comes in for a pregnancy test, and it's positive, we'd say, 'You know, how are you gonna pay for diapers? 'Have you priced a car seat?'" Thayer said. "Fear—you know—fear-based stuff about, 'You're not gonna be able to take care of this baby. Let's go ahead and get this set for you today, because if you wait any longer the price will go up.' So, we would typically have that appointment in place before she left."
If it's the abortion pill, then that process could be administered in clinic that day if there is no required waiting period.
For Planned Parenthood clinics, there's also a financial incentive to get as many abortions as possible.
"Abortion is really the bottom line, we had goals always for number of abortions and referrals done. If you didn't hit it, you had to explain why you didn't hit it and what you would do differently next month to hit your goal," Thayer said.
Abby Johnson, another former employee of Planned Parenthood, shared, "If we met our goals, we got some sort of reward. So, as the manager, if we met our yearly financial goals, quotas, then I would get a very large bonus. I had been the person who had encouraged my staff to be aggressive.
Waiting periods, like the one enacted by Iowa, work to minimize some of this coercive practice.
When it comes to abortion, women deserve the time to carefully consider their decision and maybe reach out to family and friends who may be able to offer help and support. Women who are experiencing an unplanned pregnancy often feel stressed, conflicted and concerned about the future. They need care and encouragement, not an abortion business more interested in meeting monthly/yearly quotas to cushion their bottom line.
PreviousBreaking: Supreme Court Redefines Title VII to Include Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Next'Not Only Arrogant, But Wrong': Justice Alito Slams SCOTUS Majority for Redefining 'Sex'
Brittany Raymer
Brittany Raymer serves as a policy analyst at Focus on the Family, researching and writing about abortion, assisted suicide, bioethics and a variety of other issues involving the sanctity of human life and broader social issues. She regularly contributes articles to The Daily Citizen and has written op-eds published in The Christian Post and The Washington Examiner. Previously, Raymer worked at Samaritan's Purse in several roles involving research, social media and web content management. While there, she also contributed research for congressional testimonies and assisted with the Ebola crisis response. Raymer earned a bachelor of arts in history at Seattle Pacific University and completed a master's degree in history at Liberty University in Virginia. She lives in Colorado Springs with her beloved Yorkie-Poo, Pippa.
Make a Stand for Life – Sign the Declaration for Life
Times Square Pro-Life Event: Senator Ben Sasse Talks with Jim Daly about Alive from New York
Supreme Court Temporarily Blocks Louisiana Abortion Law
Legislators Look to Expand Late-Term Abortions in New Mexico and Vermont


Four Indian Navy warships equipped with modern weaponry are on a goodwill visit to the northern coastal city of Haifa in Israel to "strengthen service-to-service linkages", as the two countries celebrate 20 years of diplomatic ties this year.
INS Mumbai, Trishul, Gomti and Aditya, from Indian Navy's western fleet, anchored at the Haifa coast on Monday as part of their Mediterranean tour.
The four-day visit of the Indian Navy warships, which are equipped with electronic sensors and missile systems, "shows the importance India attaches to the growing Indo-Israeli relations and continued cooperation and engagement between the two countries is expected to grow," officials said.
"Indian warships have regularly paid visits to ports in the West Asia and East Africa, reaffirming their peaceful presence and solidarity with countries in the region," they said.
The Indian Navy has also been at the forefront of providing humanitarian assistance to victims of natural disaster in all parts of the world.
The Mediterranean tour of the four warships is being headed by Rear Admiral A R Karve, who will be calling upon several senior Israeli naval officers and the Mayor of Haifa, Yona Yahav.
The Indian sailors will also be paying their respects at the memorial of Indian soldiers buried in Haifa.


text:
By using this website, I accept the use of cookies.Learn More
My Maxim | logout
MyCart
MyBookmarks
MOSFET Drivers and Controllers
Isolated Power Supplies
Charge Pumps
Motor Drivers ICs
Display Power and Control
Voltage Supervisors, Voltage Monitors, and Sequencers
Power Management ICs (PMICs)
Himalaya Power Modules
Temperature Sensor ICs
Optical Sensor ICs
Biopotential Sensors
Clock Generation and Distribution
IO-Link and Binary Drivers
Controllers/Expanders
Industrial Digital I/O Interface ICs
Isolation ICs
High-Speed Signaling
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Products
Signal Line Protection ICs
4-20mA Current Loop Products
Broadband Switches
Sensor Interface
Wireless and RF
Powerline Communications (PLC)
Security Managers
Secure Authentication
Secure Microcontrollers
NFC/RFID
Ultra-Low-Power Microcontrollers
Sensors and Field Instruments
Automated Test Equipment
EV Powertrain
Wearable Health
Diagnostic and Therapy
Healthcare IoT
Consumer IoT
Secure Computing
Cross-Reference Search
Partners and Technology
Mgineer Blog
QA and Reliability
Knowledge Base Search
Maxim Profile
Maxim Ventures
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > Wireless and RF > APP 742
Keywords: smith chart, RF, impedance matching, transmission line
TUTORIAL 742
Impedance Matching and the Smith Chart: The Fundamentals
Abstract: Tutorial on RF impedance matching using the Smith chart. Examples are shown plotting reflection coefficients, impedances and admittances. A sample matching network of the MAX2472 is designed at 900MHz using graphical methods.
Tried and true, the Smith chart is still the basic tool for determining transmission-line impedances.
When dealing with the practical implementation of RF applications, there are always some nightmarish tasks. One is the need to match the different impedances of the interconnected blocks. Typically these include the antenna to the low-noise amplifier (LNA), power-amplifier output (RFOUT) to the antenna, and LNA/VCO output to mixer inputs. The matching task is required for a proper transfer of signal and energy from a "source" to a "load."
At high radio frequencies, the spurious elements (like wire inductances, interlayer capacitances, and conductor resistances) have a significant yet unpredictable impact on the matching network. Above a few tens of megahertz, theoretical calculations and simulations are often insufficient. In-situ RF lab measurements, along with tuning work, have to be considered for determining the proper final values. The computational values are required to set up the type of structure and target component values.
There are many ways to do impedance matching, including:
Computer simulations: Complex but simple to use, as such simulators are dedicated to differing design functions and not to impedance matching. Designers have to be familiar with the multiple data inputs that need to be entered and the correct formats. They also need the expertise to find the useful data among the tons of results coming out. In addition, circuit-simulation software is not pre-installed on computers, unless they are dedicated to such an application.
Manual computations: Tedious due to the length ("kilometric") of the equations and the complex nature of the numbers to be manipulated.
Instinct: This can be acquired only after one has devoted many years to the RF industry. In short, this is for the super-specialist.
Smith chart: Upon which this article concentrates.
The primary objectives of this article are to review the Smith chart's construction and background, and to summarize the practical ways it is used. Topics addressed include practical illustrations of parameters, such as finding matching network component values. Of course, matching for maximum power transfer is not the only thing we can do with Smith charts. They can also help the designer with such tasks as optimizing for the best noise figures, ensuring quality factor impact, and assessing stability analysis.
Figure 1. Fundamentals of impedance and the Smith chart.
A Quick Primer
Before introducing the Smith chart utilities, it would be prudent to present a short refresher on wave propagation phenomenon for IC wiring under RF conditions (above 100MHz). This can be valid for contingencies such as RS-485 lines, between a PA and an antenna, between an LNA and a downconverter/mixer, and so forth.
It is well known that, to get the maximum power transfer from a source to a load, the source impedance must equal the complex conjugate of the load impedance, or:
RS + jXS = RL - jXL
Figure 2. Diagram of RS + jXS = RL - jXL.
For this condition, the energy transferred from the source to the load is maximized. In addition, for efficient power transfer, this condition is required to avoid the reflection of energy from the load back to the source. This is particularly true for high-frequency environments like video lines and RF and microwave networks.
A Smith chart is a circular plot with a lot of interlaced circles on it. When used correctly, matching impedances, with apparent complicated structures, can be made without any computation. The only effort required is the reading and following of values along the circles.
The Smith chart is a polar plot of the complex reflection coefficient (also called gamma and symbolized by Γ). Or, it is defined mathematically as the 1-port scattering parameter s or s11.
A Smith chart is developed by examining the load where the impedance must be matched. Instead of considering its impedance directly, you express its reflection coefficient ΓL, which is used to characterize a load (such as admittance, gain, and transconductance). The ΓL is more useful when dealing with RF frequencies.
We know the reflection coefficient is defined as the ratio between the reflected voltage wave and the incident voltage wave:
Figure 3. Impedance at the load.
The amount of reflected signal from the load is dependent on the degree of mismatch between the source impedance and the load impedance. Its expression has been defined as follows:
Because the impedances are complex numbers, the reflection coefficient will be a complex number as well.
In order to reduce the number of unknown parameters, it is useful to freeze the ones that appear often and are common in the application. Here Z0 (the characteristic impedance) is often a constant and a real industry normalized value, such as 50Ω, 75Ω, 100Ω, and 600Ω. We can then define a normalized load impedance by:
With this simplification, we can rewrite the reflection coefficient formula as:
Here we can see the direct relationship between the load impedance and its reflection coefficient. Unfortunately, the complex nature of the relation is not useful practically, so we can use the Smith chart as a type of graphical representation of the above equation.
To build the chart, the equation must be rewritten to extract standard geometrical figures (like circles or stray lines).
First, equation 2.3 is reversed to give:
By setting the real parts and the imaginary parts of equation 2.5 equal, we obtain two independent, new relationships:
Equation 2.6 is then manipulated by developing equations 2.8 through 2.13 into the final equation, 2.14. This equation is a relationship in the form of a parametric equation (x - a)² + (y - b)² = R² in the complex plane (Γr, Γi) of a circle centered at the coordinates [r/(r + 1), 0] and having a radius of 1/(1 + r).
See Figure 4a for further details.
Figure 4a. The points situated on a circle are all the impedances characterized by a same real impedance part value. For example, the circle, r = 1, is centered at the coordinates (0.5, 0) and has a radius of 0.5. It includes the point (0, 0), which is the reflection zero point (the load is matched with the characteristic impedance). A short circuit, as a load, presents a circle centered at the coordinate (0, 0) and has a radius of 1. For an open-circuit load, the circle degenerates to a single point (centered at 1, 0 and with a radius of 0). This corresponds to a maximum reflection coefficient of 1, at which the entire incident wave is reflected totally.
When developing the Smith chart, there are certain precautions that should be noted. These are among the most important:
All the circles have one same, unique intersecting point at the coordinate (1, 0).
The zero Ω circle where there is no resistance (r = 0) is the largest one.
The infinite resistor circle is reduced to one point at (1, 0).
There should be no negative resistance. If one (or more) should occur, we will be faced with the possibility of oscillatory conditions.
Another resistance value can be chosen by simply selecting another circle corresponding to the new value.
Back to the Drawing Board
Moving on, we use equations 2.15 through 2.18 to further develop equation 2.7 into another parametric equation. This results in equation 2.19.
Again, 2.19 is a parametric equation of the type (x - a)² + (y - b)² = R² in the complex plane (Γr, Γi) of a circle centered at the coordinates (1, 1/x) and having a radius of 1/x.
See Figure 4b for further details.
Figure 4b. The points situated on a circle are all the impedances characterized by a same imaginary impedance part value x. For example, the circle × = 1 is centered at coordinate (1, 1) and has a radius of 1. All circles (constant x) include the point (1, 0). Differing with the real part circles, × can be positive or negative. This explains the duplicate mirrored circles at the bottom side of the complex plane. All the circle centers are placed on the vertical axis, intersecting the point 1.
Get the Picture?
To complete our Smith chart, we superimpose the two circles' families. It can then be seen that all of the circles of one family will intersect all of the circles of the other family. Knowing the impedance, in the form of r + jx, the corresponding reflection coefficient can be determined. It is only necessary to find the intersection point of the two circles corresponding to the values r and x.
It's Reciprocating Too
The reverse operation is also possible. Knowing the reflection coefficient, find the two circles intersecting at that point and read the corresponding values r and × on the circles. The procedure for this is as follows:
Determine the impedance as a spot on the Smith chart.
Find the reflection coefficient (Γ) for the impedance.
Having the characteristic impedance and Γ, find the impedance.
Convert the impedance to admittance.
Find the equivalent impedance.
Find the component values for the wanted reflection coefficient (in particular the elements of a matching network, see Figure 7).
To Extrapolate
Because the Smith chart resolution technique is basically a graphical method, the precision of the solutions depends directly on the graph definitions. Here is an example that can be represented by the Smith chart for RF applications:
Example: Consider the characteristic impedance of a 50Ω termination and the following impedances:
Z1 = 100 + j50Ω Z2 = 75 - j100Ω Z3 = j200Ω Z4 = 150Ω
Z5 = ∞ (an open circuit) Z6 = 0 (a short circuit) Z7 = 50Ω Z8 = 184 - j900Ω
Then, normalize and plot (see Figure 5). The points are plotted as follows:
z1 = 2 + j z2 = 1.5 - j2 z3 = j4 z4 = 3
z5 = 8 z6 = 0 z7 = 1 z8 = 3.68 - j18
For Larger Image (PDF, 502K)
Figure 5. Points plotted on the Smith chart.
It is now possible to directly extract the reflection coefficient Γ on the Smith chart of Figure 5. Once the impedance point is plotted (the intersection point of a constant resistance circle and of a constant reactance circle), simply read the rectangular coordinates projection on the horizontal and vertical axis. This will give Γr, the real part of the reflection coefficient, and Γi, the imaginary part of the reflection coefficient (see Figure 6).
It is also possible to take the eight cases presented in the example and extract their corresponding Γ directly from the Smith chart of Figure 6. The numbers are:
Γ1 = 0.4 + 0.2j Γ2 = 0.51 - 0.4j Γ3 = 0.875 + 0.48j Γ4 = 0.5
Γ5 = 1 Γ6 = -1 Γ7 = 0 Γ8 = 0.96 - 0.1j
Figure 6. Direct extraction of the reflected coefficient Γ, real and imaginary along the X-Y axis.
Working with Admittance
The Smith chart is built by considering impedance (resistor and reactance). Once the Smith chart is built, it can be used to analyze these parameters in both the series and parallel worlds. Adding elements in a series is straightforward. New elements can be added and their effects determined by simply moving along the circle to their respective values. However, summing elements in parallel is another matter. This requires considering additional parameters. Often it is easier to work with parallel elements in the admittance world.
We know that, by definition, Y = 1/Z and Z = 1/Y. The admittance has been expressed in mhos or Ω-1, though now is expressed as siemens, or S. And, as Z is complex, Y must also be complex.
Therefore, Y = G + jB (2.20), where G is called "conductance" and B the "susceptance" of the element. It's important to exercise caution, though. By following the logical assumption, we can conclude that G = 1/R and B = 1/X. This, however, is not the case. If this assumption is used, the results will be incorrect.
When working with admittance, the first thing that we must do is normalize y = Y/Y0. This results in y = g + jb. So, what happens to the reflection coefficient? By working through the following:
It turns out that the expression for G is the opposite, in sign, of z, and Γ(y) = -Γ(z).
If we know z, we can invert the signs of Γ and find a point situated at the same distance from (0, 0), but in the opposite direction. This same result can be obtained by rotating an angle 180° around the center point (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Results of the 180° rotation.
Of course, while Z and 1/Y do represent the same component, the new point appears as a different impedance (the new value has a different point in the Smith chart and a different reflection value, and so forth). This occurs because the plot is an impedance plot. But the new point is, in fact, an admittance. Therefore, the value read on the chart has to be read as siemens.
Although this method is sufficient for making conversions, it doesn't work for determining circuit resolution when dealing with elements in parallel.
The Admittance Smith Chart
In the previous discussion, we saw that every point on the impedance Smith chart can be converted into its admittance counterpart by taking a 180° rotation around the origin of the Γ complex plane. Thus, an admittance Smith chart can be obtained by rotating the whole impedance Smith chart by 180°. This is extremely convenient, as it eliminates the necessity of building another chart. The intersecting point of all the circles (constant conductances and constant susceptances) is at the point (-1, 0) automatically. With that plot, adding elements in parallel also becomes easier. Mathematically, the construction of the admittance Smith chart is created by:
then, reversing the equation:
Next, by setting the real and the imaginary parts of equation 3.3 equal, we obtain two new, independent relationships:
By developing equation 3.4, we get the following:
which again is a parametric equation of the type (x - a)² + (y - b)² = R² (equation 3.12) in the complex plane (Γr, Γi) of a circle with its coordinates centered at [-g/(g + 1), 0] and having a radius of 1/(1 + g).
Furthermore, by developing equation 3.5, we show that:
which is again a parametric equation of the type (x - a)² + (y - b)² = R² (equation 3.17).
Equivalent Impedance Resolution
When solving problems where elements in series and in parallel are mixed together, we can use the same Smith chart and rotate it around any point where conversions from z to y or y to z exist.
Let's consider the network of Figure 8 (the elements are normalized with Z0 = 50Ω). The series reactance (x) is positive for inductance and negative for capacitance. The susceptance (b) is positive for capacitance and negative for inductance.
Figure 8. A multi-element circuit.
The circuit needs to be simplified (see Figure 9). Starting at the right side, where there is a resistor and an inductor with a value of 1, we plot a series point where the r circle = 1 and the l circle = 1. This becomes point A. As the next element is an element in shunt (parallel), we switch to the admittance Smith chart (by rotating the whole plane 180°). To do this, however, we need to convert the previous point into admittance. This becomes A'. We then rotate the plane by 180°. We are now in the admittance mode. The shunt element can be added by going along the conductance circle by a distance corresponding to 0.3. This must be done in a counterclockwise direction (negative value) and gives point B. Then we have another series element. We again switch back to the impedance Smith chart.
Figure 9. The network of Figure 8 with its elements broken out for analysis.
Before doing this, it is again necessary to reconvert the previous point into impedance (it was an admittance). After the conversion, we can determine B'. Using the previously established routine, the chart is again rotated 180° to get back to the impedance mode. The series element is added by following along the resistance circle by a distance corresponding to 1.4 and marking point C. This needs to be done counterclockwise (negative value). For the next element, the same operation is performed (conversion into admittance and plane rotation). Then move the prescribed distance (1.1), in a clockwise direction (because the value is positive), along the constant conductance circle. We mark this as D. Finally, we reconvert back to impedance mode and add the last element (the series inductor). We then determine the required value, z, located at the intersection of resistor circle 0.2 and reactance circle 0.5. Thus, z is determined to be 0.2 + j0.5. If the system characteristic impedance is 50Ω, then Z = 10 + j25Ω (see Figure 10).
Figure 10. The network elements plotted on the Smith chart.
Matching Impedances by Steps
Another function of the Smith chart is the ability to determine impedance matching. This is the reverse operation of finding the equivalent impedance of a given network. Here, the impedances are fixed at the two access ends (often the source and the load), as shown in Figure 11. The objective is to design a network to insert between them so that proper impedance matching occurs.
Figure 11. The representative circuit with known impedances and unknown components.
At first glance, it appears that it is no more difficult than finding equivalent impedance. But the problem is that an infinite number of matching network component combinations can exist that create similar results. And other inputs may need to be considered as well (such as filter type structure, quality factor, and limited choice of components).
The approach chosen to accomplish this calls for adding series and shunt elements on the Smith chart until the desired impedance is achieved. Graphically, it appears as finding a way to link the points on the Smith chart. Again, the best method to illustrate the approach is to address the requirement as an example.
The objective is to match a source impedance (ZS) to a load (zL) at the working frequency of 60MHz (see Figure 11). The network structure has been fixed as a lowpass, L type (an alternative approach is to view the problem as how to force the load to appear as an impedance of value = ZS, a complex conjugate of ZS). Here is how the solution is found.
Figure 12. The network of Figure 11 with its points plotted on the Smith chart.
The first thing to do is to normalize the different impedance values. If this is not given, choose a value that is in the same range as the load/source values. Assume Z0 to be 50Ω. Thus zS = 0.5 - j0.3, z*S = 0.5 + j0.3, and zL = 2 - j0.5.
Next, position the two points on the chart. Mark A for zL and D for z*S.
Then identify the first element connected to the load (a capacitor in shunt) and convert to admittance. This gives us point A'.
Determine the arc portion where the next point will appear after the connection of the capacitor C. As we don't know the value of C, we don't know where to stop. We do, however, know the direction. A C in shunt means to move in the clockwise direction on the admittance Smith chart until the value is found. This will be point B (an admittance). As the next element is a series element, point B has to be converted to the impedance plane. Point B' can then be obtained. Point B' has to be located on the same resistor circle as D. Graphically, there is only one solution from A' to D, but the intermediate point B (and hence B') will need to be verified by a "test-and-try" setup. After having found points B and B', we can measure the lengths of arc A' through B and arc B' through D. The first gives the normalized susceptance value of C. The second gives the normalized reactance value of L. The arc A' through B measures b = 0.78 and thus B = 0.78 × Y0 = 0.0156S. Because ωC = B, then C = B/ω = B/(2πf) = 0.0156/[2π(60 × 106)] = 41.4pF.
The arc B' through D measures x = 1.2, thus X = 1.2 × Z0 = 60Ω. Because ωL = X, then L = X/ω = X/(2πf) = 60/[2π(60 × 106)] = 159nH.
Figure 13. MAX2472 typical operating circuit.
A second example matches the output of the MAX2472 with a 50Ω load impedance (zL) at the working frequency of 900MHz (see Figure 14). This network will use the same configuration shown in the MAX2472 data sheet. The above figure shows the matching network with a shunt inductor and a series capacitor. Here is how the solution is found.
The first thing to do is to convert the S22 scattering parameter into its equivalent normalized source impedance. The MAX2472 uses Z0 to be 50Ω. Thus an S22 = 0.81/-29.4° becomes zS = 1.4 - j3.2, zL = 1, and zL* = 1.
Next, position the two points on the chart. Mark A for zS and D for zL*. Because the first element connected to the source is a shunt inductor, convert the source impedance to admittance. This gives us point A'.
Determine the arc portion where the next point will appear after the connection of the inductor LMATCH. As we do not know the value of LMATCH, we do not know where to stop. We do, however, know that after the addition of LMATCH (and a conversion back to impedance), the resulting source impedance should lie on the r = 1 circle. Therefore, the additional series capacitor CMATCH can bring the resulting impedance to z = 1 + j0. By rotating the r = 1 circle 180° about the origin, we plot all the possible admittance values that correspond to the r = 1 circle. The intersection of this reflected circle and the constant conductance circle used with point A' gives us point B (an admittance). The reflection of point B to impedance becomes point B'.
After having found points B and B', we can measure the lengths of arc A' through B and arc B' through D. The first measurement gives the normalized susceptance value of LMATCH. The second gives the normalized reactance value of CMATCH. The arc A' through B measures b = -0.575 and thus B = -0.575 × Y0 = 0.0115S. Because 1/ωL = B, then LMATCH = 1/Bω = 1/(B2πf) = 1/(0.01156 × 2 × π × 900 × 106) = 15.38nH, which rounds to 15nH. The arc B' through D measures × = -2.81, thus X = -2.81 × Z0 = -140.5Ω. Because -1/ωC = X, then CMATCH = -1/Xω = -1/(X2πf) = -1/(-140.5 × 2 × π × 900 × 106) = 1.259pF, which rounds to 1pF. While these calculated values do not take into account parasitic inductances and capacitances of components, they yield values close to the data-sheet specified values of LMATCH = 12nH and CMATCH = 1pF.
Given today's wealth of software and accessibility of high-speed high-power computers, one may question the need for such a basic and fundamental method for determining circuit fundamentals.
In reality, what makes an engineer a real engineer is not only academic knowledge but also the ability to use resources of all types to solve a problem. It is easy to plug a few numbers into a program and have it spit out the solutions. When the solutions are complex and multifaceted, having a computer to do the grunt work is especially handy. However, knowing underlying theory and principles that have been ported to computer platforms, and where they came from, makes the engineer or designer a more well-rounded and confident professional, and makes the results more reliable.
A similar version of this article appeared in the July 2000 issue of RF Design.
General Layout Guidelines for RF and Mixed-Signal PCBs
Review Featured Products
RF Mixers and Vector Multipliers
Visit the Product Page
MAX2472 500MHz to 2500MHz, VCO Buffer Amplifiers Samples
MAX2640 300MHz to 2500MHz SiGe Ultra-Low-Noise Amplifiers Samples
MAX2642 900MHz SiGe, High-Variable IP3, Low-Noise Amplifier Samples
MAX2644 2.4GHz SiGe, High IP3 Low-Noise Amplifier Samples
MAX2645 3.4GHz to 3.8GHz SiGe Low-Noise Amplifier/PA Predriver Samples
EE-Mail Subscribe to EE-Mail and receive automatic notice of new documents in your areas of interest.
Download Download, PDF Format (430.7kB)
© Jul 22, 2002, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
The content on this webpage is protected by copyright laws of the United States and of foreign countries. For requests to copy this content, contact us.
APP 742:	Jul 22, 2002
TUTORIAL 742, AN742, AN 742, APP742, Appnote742, Appnote 742
Login to MyMaxim
Not registered? Sign up now!
Login is required for MyBookmarks
Bookmark is added successfully
MY BULLETIN
Click and drag tools to customize your dashboard.
Questions or feedback? contact us.
©2019 Maxim Integrated | Contact Us | Careers | Legal | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Site Map


Hva er Intrinsic Safety Applications?
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas by limiting the energy, electrical and thermal, available for ignition.
Hire a Test Engineer to ensure your product meets the necessary intrinsic safety standards required for your next project.


"Showstopper" Bra Launch in New York. "Showstopper" Bra Launch in New York. HD Wallpaper and background images in the Adriana Lima club tagged: adriana lima bra new york august 2011 2011 showstopper.
This Adriana Lima photo contains بکنی, دو ٹکڑا swimsuit, غسل سوٹ, دو سومساٹ, غسل سوٹ ٹکڑے, توجہ, اپیل, hotness آپ, جوش, انگیا, چولی, bandeau, براسیری, برا, and بانڈیو. There might also be زیر جامہ, unmentionable, انمانٹاونابلی, میں lingerie, مباشرت ملبوسات, lingerie, swimsuit کا, swimwear کے, غسل سوٹ, سوئمنگ کاسٹیوم, غسل کاسٹیوم, سومساٹ, swimwear, and کاسٹیوم غسل.


Jacqueline Cullen specializes in creating bold, contemporary Whitby jet jewelry. Whitby jet is a prehistoric black fossil that is most commonly associated with Victorian mouring jewelry; it was made famous by Queen Victoria when she went into mourning for Prince Albert. Jacqueline Cullen has developed innovative processes that celebrate the inherent flaws and inclusions of Whitby jet and allow the natural beauty of the material to speak for itself, removed from connotations of grief and morbidity. Inspired by dramatic acts of nature, Jacqueline Cullen's collection reflects the notion of beauty after destruction—where bold, fluid forms are interrupted and fractures, fissures and crevices release a luxurious cascade of textured gold or glittering diamonds.


Be prepared to pay cash only at Shanghai Cuisine and be prepared for just that - Shanghai cuisine! This menu is the real deal, traditional duck tongue, chicken feet and pig stomach for starters. A local courtroom crowd and culture clash décor are par for the course and pork and crab soup dumplings have a home-made feel. Even the cocktails are retro on this 152 dish menu and the soft shell crab is not a dish for the faint of heart. It is fishy and strong tasting, not the delicately sweet dish you may be dreaming of. Sautéed pea tips, spicy salt-pepper prawns and sesame noodles with seaweed and cucumber feature on this tried and true Shanghai menu.


A fruit press is more or less necessary if you want to make wine from fruit such as apples or pears (or any berries for that matter). At least if you want to make any quantity. There are a few types - spindle presses such as the ones here and cross beam presses. Before you press your fruit, it needs cutting up in smaller bits, or crushing. The serious home brewer can of course buy a fruit crusher for this purpose.
The construction is a beech rib cage with a spindle driven press mechanism inside. The juice is collected in the bottom bowl and led out via the spout. The press can be completely dismantled for cleaning and it comes with a mashing bag (or fruit parts would come out through the ribs) and beech distance blocks. You can buy extra mashing bags and distance blocks as spare parts.
The fruit press comes securely packed in a printed box with full instructions (English, Swedish, German) inside.
Making wine from fruit requires either a lot of work using normal kitchen tools, or you can get semi-professional equipment such as wine presses, crushers etc. If you regularly make your own wine from apples, pears, berries etc, you will soon appreciate having more than just a kitchen knife to do the job. Better Brew fruit presses and crushers are high quality pieces of machinery for the serious home brewer.


text:
We're Brewing Frickin' Beer
Well, it's been over 17 months since I left my job at Stone to begin work on Modern Times, and we (this has officially gone from an "I" to a "we" project) are finally making beer. Fuck yeah.
17 months sounds (and feels) like an enormous amount of time, but the construction phase of this project has actually been relatively short: just ~6 months from the time I took possession of the building until now. By almost any measure, that's pretty speedy for turning a giant vacant warehouse into a functioning 30bbl brewery.
And functioning it is! We've brewed three batches already, which is pretty goddamn remarkable. Our first brew day was shockingly smooth: Lomaland, our saison, has a fairly light grain bill and no exotic ingredients, which kept hiccups to a minimum. The equipment all more or less worked as planned, which was an immense relief.
The yeast is another matter. Our blend of 95% Dupont/5% Westmalle has been exceedingly sluggish thus far, perhaps owing to our excessively low knock-out temp (we were still learning how to run the pumps/heat exchanger) and the fact that it's a first pitch, which are often considerably slower than re-pitches. We're hopeful that future batches will move much faster, but it's possible that something more fundamental—like tank geometry—is at play.
Despite the slowness of the yeast, the beer is shaping up to be pretty magical. Right now it's throwing off loads of hay, grass, and earthy complexity in the aroma, with a hint of floral esteriness. The dream of churning out an uncompromisingly complex yet reasonably sessionable saison remains alive for now.
Blazing World, our second batch, was far more difficult to brew, owing to its additional ~600lbs of malt, which led to a sluggish run-off, and the use of our hopback, which was a touch dicey to operate and also interminably slow. The jury is very much still out on whether or not it offers any qualitative advantages to a whirlpool addition, but right now we're all a bit skeptical, mostly because it was such a pain in the ass.
We ironed out a few issues before our third brew day, but Black House was still a challenge. The ~300lbs of oats (17% of the mash bill) once again led to a sluggish run-off, but also a fairly unpleasant grain-out for Alex and Derek. Spent grain came rushing through the door at unpredictable intervals, which led to a great deal of shoveling spent grain off the floor, which is not anyone's favorite task.
Since getting into the tank though, Black House has been racing along, thanks to a 5th generation Cal Ale pitch generously donated by the wonderful folks at Ballast Point. Our little corner of Point Loma is skipping distance from Home Brew Mart, as well as Coronado's Knoxville brewery, and the camaraderie & support we've been enjoying from both has been marvelous.
Despite the above mentioned minor annoyances, brewing so far has been unexpectedly straight-forward. We've hit our mash temps and gravities, and the hardware only requires some exceedingly minor tweaks. On the whole, we're all quite pleased with how it has gone.
On the docket for this coming week is Mike's 100% Brett IPA, which I'm absurdly excited about, and Fortunate Islands, our hoppy wheat beer, the brewing of which will be made possible by the sale of 88lbs of Amarillo to us by my former co-workers at Stone. Needless to say, we're incredibly thankful for the solidarity from other San Diego brewers, and we look forward to returning the favor/paying it forward in the happy years to come.
What's that? You want me to hazard another guess at when we'll be open? That's largely dependent on whether or not we pass our final inspections early next week. If we do, it should be no more than a few weeks.


The city of Kent is offering utility bill assistance to federal employees during the government shutdown.
The city will waive any late fees on water, sewer and drainage utility bills for Kent residents affected by the closure, according to a city news release on Tuesday. The city also will suspend service interruptions for non-payment during the shutdown.
To seek assistance, eligible Kent residents should contact Customer Service at the city of Kent at 253-856-5201 or CustomerService@KentWA.gov. They can also request assistance at the Customer Service counter in the Centennial Building (400 W. Gowe St.) during normal business hours.
The shutdown has impacted nearly 800,000 federal workers across the nation who are not being paid, according to news reports. The shutdown began a month ago in a dispute between Congress and President Donald Trump about spending $5.7 billion on new walls along the U.S.-Mexico border. Democrats oppose Trump's border-wall plan.


text:
Tensions Rise as Bill Cosby Jury Struggles to Reach Verdict
by The Associated Press | 8:38 am, June 15th, 2017
NORRISTOWN, Pa. (AP) — As deliberations in Bill Cosby's sexual assault trial continue into a fourth day Thursday, nerves are frayed, patience is shot and no one is certain when it will all end.
Some jurors appeared angry, the judge sounded exasperated and accuser Andrea Constand's mother broke down in tears Wednesday.
The sequestered jury has been at it for more than 27 hours since getting the case Monday, pausing a half-dozen times to revisit key evidence, including Cosby's decade-old admissions that he fondled Constand after giving her pills.
Judge Steven O'Neill seemed vexed at times as the court staff struggled to answer the jury's requests. One batch of requested testimony hadn't even been transcribed yet.
But when jurors asked to stop for the day Wednesday night, O'Neill was effusive with praise — encouraging their diligence as they weigh charges that could put the 79-year-old Cosby in prison for the rest of his life.
"This is an incredible jury that has just acted with incredible dignity and fidelity," O'Neill said. "I don't have any higher praise. You have taken your task so seriously."
Cosby is charged with three counts of aggravated indecent assault. Each carries a maximum 10-year prison term, though the counts could be merged at sentencing if he is convicted.
The case has already helped demolish his nice-guy reputation as America's Dad.
Cosby has wavered between stoic and smiling as he awaits his fate, but gave a brief thumbs-up as jurors listened to a court reporter reread his January 2005 police interview.
In it, he claimed Constand showed no ill effects from the 1 1/2 Benadryl pills he gave her to help her relax, and that she never objected to his behavior during the 2004 encounter at his suburban Philadelphia home.
Constand testified last week that she was paralyzed by the pills and unable to fight Cosby off. Her mother, Gianna Constand, pulled a cloth from her pocket to wipe away tears Wednesday as she listened to the testimony.
Cosby's lawyers maintain Constand was a willing sexual partner.
Some jurors closed their eyes and tilted their heads down as they listened to the police interview. One slunk down in his seat, looking angry.
"Can you find 12 people who will agree? That's the question," said criminal lawyer Alan J. Tauber, who wasn't involved in the case.
The Associated Press does not typically identify people who say they are victims of sexual assault unless they grant permission, which Constand has done.
bill cosby, jury deliberations


Feel free to use any of the buttons here to link back to us (http://cybil.deathwhisper.com). Please note that you have to upload them to your own server (i.e. no direct-linking!). Thanks!
Please select a button size on the left.


text:
Pritzker backs bill allowing college athletes to collect endorsement deals
Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker, speaking at the Capitol in Springfield, announced his support for legislation requiring that Illinois college athletes be compensated for their likenesses. Associated Press
By Jerry Nowicki
Capitol News Illinois
jnowicki@capitolnewsillinois.com
Democratic Gov. J.B. Pritzker on Monday backed a proposal that would allow college student-athletes in Illinois to be paid for the use of their likenesses.
Pritzker touted the bill as addressing a "need for innovation in our modern collegiate sports system." Lawmakers joining the governor called the proposal a moral necessity, a recruiting tool and an effort to force the hand of the NCAA -- the governing body that oversees college athletics.
The NCAA has opposed such efforts, arguing in part that disparate laws would put some colleges at a disadvantage.
"As more states consider their own specific legislation related to this topic, it is clear that a patchwork of different laws from different states will make unattainable the goal of providing a fair and level playing field for 1,100 campuses and nearly half a million student-athletes nationwide," the NCAA said in response to a California law.
But the league has formed a working group on the matter that on Tuesday will be briefing the NCAA Board of Governors in a key early step of a process that could take months or even years to change its rules.
Pritzker sought quick passage of the bill during the session scheduled to conclude Nov. 14.
"I'm asking the General Assembly to join us in passing this bill in the veto session, making Illinois the second state in the nation to stand up for giving student-athletes their rights in a billion-dollar industry that they helped build," Pritzker said.
The measure is House Bill 3904, sponsored by Democratic Rep. Emanuel "Chris" Welch of Hillside. It is a duplicate of the California law that passed this year. Just like California's bill, Illinois' would take effect in 2023.
Two of the 27 co-sponsors on Welch's bill are suburban Republicans -- Rep. David McSweeney of Barrington Hills and Rep. Steve Reick of Woodstock.
The Illinois proposal states any association, including the NCAA, "may not prevent a student-athlete … from earning compensation as a result of the use of the student's name, image, or likeness."
The bill also prohibits the NCAA from barring a university from competition if its athletes are compensated in such a manner, and prohibits universities from upholding any rules that ban endorsements. The bill would apply to both public and private universities.
Currently, art students can be paid to sell art, and college musicians can be paid to perform, but athletes cannot be compensated for their performance, lawmakers said.
"Young men and women who stimulate the economics of the NCAA should also be able to secure their own economic well-being," Welch said.
Welch said he expects to call the bill for a vote Tuesday in the House Higher Education Appropriation Committee.
Sen. Napoleon Harris, a Harvey Democrat, said he experienced his likeness being used firsthand when he played football at Northwestern University. Harris said he saw several people wearing jerseys with his number, but he could not receive any compensation from the sales of those products.
"This bill is about parity, and it's about equity," he said. "I can recall coming from Dixmoor, Illinois, going to Evanston, Illinois, and then playing football there for four years, and my mom did not have the means to take care of things that I may have needed and wanted. But on campus you see coaches making millions of dollars, you see the presidents making millions of dollars and you see stadiums being filled."
While the bill also allows student-athletes to hire agents, it does not pave the way for them to seek salaries or payment, outside of scholarships, from their college or university, Welch said. A new amendment would also require those agents to register with the Illinois Department of Professional Regulations.
When asked if the bill would prove a greater benefit to athletes playing more popular sports, Pritzker said it could open up partnerships with local businesses for smaller schools and less popular sports.
When asked about whether athletes should be able to receive salaries, Pritzker said the bill is a good conversation starter when it comes to forcing the NCAA to rethink its current structure.
"This bill is a good way for us to move forward and have the NCAA start to answer questions about compensation and whether student-athletes should receive and how they should receive compensation for what they do," Pritzker said.


Your donation can help develop our next generation of leaders!
In a word, our youth! Young people are faced with crises on a daily basis that we never imagined con-fronting in our lives – so much so that one of our primary service areas (the Baldwin Hills community) has been nick-named "the Jungles". Poverty, poor health, drugs, gangs, violence, greet them every day in a hundred ways.
We have designed our martial arts and tutoring programs on the basis that "it takes a village to raise a child" and "it takes a child to inspire a village". Our vision is to build a community that supports its youth and, in turn, a reason and vehicle for our youth to respect their community.
It is our mission to help to develop our youth physically, emotionally and socially utilizing martial arts to instill in them discipline, coordination, fitness, body strength, self-defense, respect, leadership, self-confidence, self-control, self-esteem, and overall positive character.
YNMA has designed its after school martial arts and tutoring program on the bases that "it takes a village to raise a child" and "it takes a child to inspire a village." Our program is a mechanism to facilitate our community in supporting its youth and, in turn, a reason and vehicle for our youth to respect their community.
Improved physical fitness, health & well-being and self-esteem. Participation in martial arts competitions, Character development, Improved academic performance, Reduction in gang involvement, Exposure to higher education and career options, More youth enrolled in higher education and Established networks for social, academic and career success.


text:
Home> Programs> Resource Programs>Emergency Grants
Created in 1993 to further FCA's mission to encourage, sponsor, and promote work of a contemporary, experimental nature, Emergency Grants provide urgent funding for visual and performing artists who:
Have sudden, unanticipated opportunities to present their work to the public when there is insufficient time to seek other sources of funding
Incur unexpected or unbudgeted expenses for projects close to completion with committed exhibition or performance dates
Emergency Grants is the only active, multi-disciplinary program that offers immediate assistance of this kind to artists living and working anywhere in the United States, for projects occurring in the U.S. and abroad.
Each month FCA receives an average of 95 Emergency Grant applications and makes approximately 12-15 grants. Grants range in amount from $500 to $3,000, and the average grant is now $1,700.
We recommend that artists review all of our eligibility guidelines and FAQs before applying. You may also complete our Eligibility Questionnaire, but please note that the questionnaire is not a substitute for a thorough review of program guidelines.
View More on www.foundationforcontemporaryarts.org


text:
Q: traceback error - python my code was working find on Win machine , python 3.6 then i try the code on mac - terminal and its showing me error. Also have install latest version of python
my code:
print ("==================================")
print ("    Print all String Character    ")
print ("==================================")

word_secund = input("Please add your word: ")
word_one = str(word_secund)

def list(text):
    word = 0
    for word in text:
        print(word)
print (list(word_one))

error message:
Please add your word: Slavo
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "strings.py", line 5, in <module>
    word_secund = input("Please add your word: ")
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'Slavo' is not defined

A: This error happens with python2. Note that on Mac and Linux, the default python is python2. Try to run your program with the command
python3 yourfile.py

To avoid the error.

A: check your python version "python --version" in command line. You might have more than 1 version installed and you might be using 2.x
Or try using raw_input instead of input. If that works, you're using 2.x
EDIT:

How can I remove the older version of Python because 100 % this is the problem

You might not want to remove the Python 2.7 which is by default used by your system. Check this answer: Remove all previous versions of python
How are you running your python program? If you are using a command line with the command "python name.py", you could just replace "python" with "python3" to run it with the python 3 interpreter. If you are using an IDE, they have an option to select the python interpreter, and you can select the 3.x there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Surrounded by convenience and beauty, Plantation Park at Ballantyne has it all. Situated in the esteemed South Charlotte neighborhood of Ballantyne, experience a lifestyle that is unsurpassed with lavish accommodations, exceptional customer service and a location you will be delighted to call home. Visit us today and make Plantation Park at Ballantyne your next address.


Or is it the things I do.
Even if the things you want are very small.
But then I realized you stomped it in the dirt.
Or should my heart be hit by thunder.
But then I think of hurting and say I should die.
But then again is it the things I do.
But they make my heart feel brittle.
Even when you jump out of line.
If I do everyone can say I never loved you.
With you is where my love will stay.
All day every day if you'll be my wife.
My love is yours and all its wealth.
Three words will always come from my heart.
So hear me out when I say I love you.


text:
Number of Saffas in London not that Bafunny!
SAPeople
Wow – big crowds at Bafunny Bafunny's show in London last night. We received this pic from inside the Royal Albert Hall, taken by a South African who said "there are thousands of Saffas here – all working professionals. Mind boggles at what a brain drain!"
Thousands of Saffas at the Royal Albert Hall in London last night
Bafunny Bafunny features a team of eight of South Africa's funniest stand-up comedians, including Mark Lottering, Barry Hilton and Trevor Noah. The premise of the show is "What if comedy was a sport? Who will represent South Africa at the World Cup of Funny?" Enter Bafunny Bafunny!
'We wanted to bring a bit of the magic that has been generated here in South Africa to London and unify all supporters and fans by celebrating comedy that highlights the diversity of our beautiful country and embraces the patriotism that the 2010 soccer fever has generated. To do so in the most beautiful theatre in the world is a dream come true for us, and every member of the company', says Sam Hendrikse, the producer of Bafunny Bafunny and CEO of Hunta Live.
According to their website it's important to note that Bafunny is a South African word for explaining something that is so funny there are no words to describe it, and should not be confused with South Africa's national football team Bafana Bafana.
Over the next couple of weeks, Bafunny Bafunny will be appearing in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban.
Watch the video here:
httpvh://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9uXd79bh2c
Visit Bafunny Bafunny's website: www.bafunnybafunny.com
Bafunny Bafunny
Barry Hilton
Mark Lottering
Previous articleWelcome to our castle…bru!
Next articleProphet Cartoon causing furore in SA
If you would like to contribute an article (or photos) to SAPeople.com - please write to admin@sapeople.com. Thank you!
South African Police Successfully Arrest 5 After 'Gruesome' Murder of Free State Farmer and Wife
Opinion: "The Army is Being Used to Fight Cape Town's Gangs. Why it's a Bad Idea"


New Delhi, March 26: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has released list of candidates for four parliamentary constituencies in Assam, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh for Lok Sabha Elections 2019. Out of the four seats, one is for the state of Assam, two for Karnataka, and one from Uttar Pradesh. The BJP also announced a candidate for one assembly constituency in Odisha. LK Advani Not Named in 1st BJP List For Lok Sabha Elections 2019, Amit Shah Replaces Him From Gandhinagar.
The BJP gave ticket to Rupak Sharma for Nowgong parliamentary constituency from Assam. Ashwat Narain has been given a ticket from Bangalore Rural in Karnataka. The BJP has given ticket to Tejasvi Surya from Bangalore South, the seat which used to be represented by late Ananth Hegde, who passed away on November 12, 2018. Check Constituency-Wise Full List of Candidates Named by the BJP.
Rajveer Singh Balmiki has been given a ticket from Hathras, which is a reserved seat for SC category. All the above named seats which go to polls in the second phase, on April 18. While the BJP has announced the candidacy of Sanat Gadtia from Bijepur seat in Odisha for assembly elections in the state set to take place this year.


As newbies to the world of blogging, we decided to jump in with both feet and sign up for the 2016 Teacher Blogger Retreat in French Lick, Indiana. With our checklist going, we signed up, made our reservations, and great excitement ensued - until the date grew closer and we began to feel a bit (okay, a LOT) of anxiety! Why? Well, for starters we didn't even have a blog up and running. We are consummate blog-stalkers who love learning from others but don't have a huge amount of faith in our ability to add to the discussion. Aren't there enough teacher blogs already? What could we share that others would find useful or inspiring?
Doubts began to cloud our vision - a vision that we had thought should include a blog. However, we were committed, so we pushed those doubts and our anxiety aside and dove in - and found that we weren't the only ones feeling like a blog-stalker-blogger-wannabe. Meeting others in the same place and space in their journey was just what we needed to give us a boost of confidence. Did we get a charge from meeting those whose blogs we have read and shared for years? Absolutely! Add to that the wonderful affirmation of meeting other teacher-authors who also were finding their voice - and WOW!
Oh, and did we mention the theme: Take your passion and make it happen! Yes, those are lyrics to a fun 80s song from Flashdance, and, as it turns out, words of wisdom for a couple of blogger-wannabes - the Flubber Gals!
10. Wow - 200+ teachers in a room is a lot of power and energy - and inspiration!
9. Two words - Great. Sponsors.
Two walls of this huge conference room were lined with prizes and swag for us all! We even won two very generous gift certificates, one from Digi by Amy and another from Tieks!
7. Talk, talk, talk to everyone you can - whether from a neighboring town, state, or from across the country or outside the U.S. - this tribe of teachers is filled with smart, fun, caring educators! From the teacher who inspired us to teach in a tutu to the teacher explaining "branding" (not something done to cattle out west) to the ones who gave us tips on working with other bloggers - we loved learning from all of the educators at this conference!
6. Two more words: Tireless. Organizers. Hats off to Holly Ehle and her wonderful crew who made this look like the easiest thing in the world!
5. Add or take-away? If you're worried about having something of value to add, just remember that sometimes take-aways are even better - so listen, listen, listen! Then listen some more!
4. Find your passion and match that to your vision. Find your voice and match it up to your vision - then stay true to your vision.
3. Make connections with others and find ways to collaborate. Anyone looking for bloggers to collaborate with - please let us know!
2. Trust yourself enough to branch outside of your comfort zone and believe in your ability to make a difference!
it's about those kids in our classrooms.
We made some amazing connections and have some pretty fantastic sponsors to connect with, too! But that, my friends, is another blogpost!
Take your passion and give it wings!
Don't judge us on this design, it's a starting point while our graphic lady gets the final touches on our blog design!!
and of course -- the story behind our funny name!
This weekend a group of approximately 200 teachers and teacher bloggers will convene on the small southern Indiana town of French Lick for a retreat! There are people coming from points near and far all in the name of connecting, celebrating, learning, and sharing their passion for teaching and learning! And WE ARE GOING!
Yes, this is a definite push - or perhaps a SHOVE - beyond our comfort zone because we're just embarking on our journey into this world of blogging, but we do certainly share a passion for learning and creating, so we decided to make this jump right out of our "safe place" and make it happen! Similar to a snake growing and shedding its skin (hmm, not exactly a pretty image, but you know growth isn't always pretty), we're taking the plunge and diving right in to learn with and from other like-minded teachers. We're very excited to be among other kindred spirits who love creating resources for their classrooms and celebrating the magic that happens in classrooms across the country every single day!
Follow the fun on social media by following #teacherstakefrenchlick or #2016teacherbloggerretreat and you too can tap into the passion of this group!
A funny thing happened on our way to this blog....we asked a graphic designer to help us get started! Yes, very exciting - and a bit scary - but we were committed to making this blog happen after talking about it for a couple of years. Our designer was very professional! She was patient in answering our questions and tolerated silly "newbie" questions with grace, and things progressed smoothly until we asked about our blog's web address. Our designer quickly replied that it would be the same address as our blog, it wouldn't change.
Well, just consider this a testament to the patience of The 3AM Teacher! She is a jewel for sticking with us and not just throwing her hands up and resigning on the spot!
Stay in touch - there's always something going on around here!


A native of Brittany who trained alongside the greatest chefs in the business, notably including Alain Senderens at Lucas Carton, he has also worked in the kitchens of the finest culinary establishments in France and elsewhere, such as Le Crillon and L'Ambroisie. His travels in Japan have also had a strong influence on him. Wherever he has been, Jérôme Banctel has perfected his mastery of traditional French cuisine with a winning blend of passion and discipline. Unfailingly rigorous with regard to products, painstaking when it comes to cooking times, he strives for authentic flavor above all.
Born in Rennes, Jérôme Banctel spent his childhood at Piré-sur-Seiche in Breton Brittany. At the age of 16, he enrolled at Notre Dame de Saint-Méen-le-Grand hotel school where he spent four years.
His gastronomic career began with Michel Kerever's team at the Duc d'Enghien, in Val d'Oise, followed by a stint at the Vreugt en Rust restaurant in the Netherlands.
Jérôme Banctel came to Paris in 1993 after completing his military service. He spent eight months at the Jules Verne with Monsieur Reix before joining the kitchen team at Les Ambassadeurs, a gourmet restaurant at the Hôtel de Crillon, reporting first to Christian Constant and subsequently to Dominique Bouchet.
A whole new phase followed on from this at L'Ambroisie, a prestigious restaurant at the Place des Vosges, where he spent eight years as Sous-Chef. Here, working with Bernard Pacaud, he learned thoroughness and respect for fine produce.
The high point of his early career came in 2006 when Alain Senderens asked him to become head chef of his restaurant at the Place de la Madeleine. Since 2005, the famous restaurant had been at a turning point in its history. Previously named Lucas Carton, the Senderens had kept the historic Art Nouveau setting designed by Majorelle while relinquisihing its three stars in favor of more contemporary, streamlined, creative cuisine, with lighter bills and more relaxed service.
Working with this starred chef greatly contributed to Jérôme Banctel's development. He adopted his creed which involves starting with the finished product (wine) to determine the best possible pairing. The concept of pairing wine and food offered a whole new perspective on gastronomy.
But Jérôme Banctel was also to transform the great chef's culinary vision by introducing him to another way of cooking, based on extreme respect for produce, which led them to modify some of Alain Senderens' signature recipes such as Apicius duck, along with more Asian-focused culinary inspiration.
It was therefore together that in 2012 the great starred chef and his spiritual son wrote a recipe book providing a true account of their mutual understanding. Another expression of their cooperation was the opening of the Mama Shelter hotel and restaurant chain, for which Jérome was to serve as chief consultant, coached by Alain Senderens.
At the start of 2015, Jérôme Banctel found himself preparing to take on a new challenge. Michel Reybier, owner of La Réserve in Ramatuelle and Geneva, had funded the acquisition of the Résidence Maxim's in Paris. This was one of the great innovations in 2015: the opening of a five-star hotel opposite "Laurent", the famous establishment at the lower end of the Champs-Elysées. And it was Jérôme Banctel whom he asked to head up the kitchens of Le Gabriel, the gourmet restaurant of his Parisian Réserve. Passion and discipline are unquestionably at the root of this 47-year old chef's success.
On February 1st 2016, the Guide Michelin France 2016 revealed its star-awarded tables. La Réserve Paris and its restaurant, Le Gabriel, managed by Jérôme Banctel, are proud to have joined the ranks of two-starred establishments, just a year after they opened.


Havana, April 11 (RHC)-- The President of the National Assembly of People's Power, Esteban Lazo, received the Special Rapporteur of the UN on the human rights of victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, who is on an official visit to Cuba.
During the meeting, Lazo ratified Cuba's policy of zero tolerance against any manifestation of that illegal trade, and the government's willingness to confront this serious crime.
The top Cuban lawmaker referred to the important work of the parliament and its standing committees in the follow-up of the national anti-trafficking plan 2017-2020, as a tool for state entities and civil society organizations to protect victims.
Subsequently, the UN Special Rapporteur met with a representative of the Commission on Attention to Youth, Children and Equality of Women's Rights and is scheduled to meet with the Cuban Minister of Justice, María Esther Reus.