text:
Grains and field crops
D-08-01: Certification Program for Heat-Treated/Dehydrated Shredded or Chopped Forage Products Of or Containing Hessian Fly Host Material Produced in Canada for Export to Japan
Effective date : October 31, 2013 (2nd Revision)
Establishments involved with the exportation of forage products (chopped/shredded hay or straw (densified, baled, ensiled, etc.)) composed of or containing heat treated/dehydrated chopped or shredded Hessian fly host material produced in Canada are subject to procedures which ensure compliance with the import requirements of Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). To facilitate the export of such products from Canada to Japan, a compliance agreement between the exporting facility (a facility for processing forage products which has applied for and has been approved to heat treat forage products and which has demonstrated competence to the satisfaction of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) in meeting the conditions and requirements of this program) and the CFIA is required. This agreement is designed to verify that forage products exported from Canada to Japan are treated, stored, handled, transported and labelled according to the requirements of MAFF.
1.3 Regulated Pests
1.4 Regulated Areas
1.5 Regulated Commodities
2.0 Specific Requirements
2.1 Forages Eligible for Certification under this Program
2.2 Plant Quarantine Import Requirements
2.3 Heat Treatment/Dehydration Procedure
2.4 Facility Inspection and Certification
2.5 Storage, Handling, Packaging and Transportation
2.6 Sealing and Labelling of Shipping Containers
2.7 Administrative Requirements
2.7.1 Compliance Agreement Conditions
2.7.2 Record Keeping
2.7.3 CFIA Responsibilities
2.8 Phytosanitary Certification
2.9 Non Compliance
Appendix 1: Application for Certification Program for Heat-Treated/Dehydrated Shredded or Chopped Forage Products Of or Containing Hessian Fly Host Material Produced in Canada for Export to Japan
Appendix 2: Compliance Agreement for Certification Program for Heat-Treated/Dehydrated Shredded or Chopped Forage Products Of or Containing Hessian Fly Host Material Produced in Canada for Export to Japan
Appendix 3: Sample Container Label
This directive will be updated as required. For further information or clarification please contact the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
Amendments of this directive will be dated and distributed as outlined in the distribution below.
Directive mail list
Provincial Governments
Industry (determined by author)
CFIA Internet
The production of forage products (e.g. hay, straw) for export to foreign markets, such as Japan, is an important industry in Canada and is expected to grow as new markets are developed. Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor (Say)) is a quarantine pest in Japan. Host material for Hessian fly, including wheat, barley, rye, triticale and wheatgrasses (such as quackgrass), that could potentially harbour the insect, is also prohibited from entering Japan. However, a heat/dehydration treatment has recently been approved by Japan for Canadian forage products that are or contain Hessian fly host material. The CFIA has developed this phytosanitary certification program to comply with the conditions established by MAFF of Japan for heat-treated/dehydrated chopped forage products that are or contain Hessian fly host material. The objective of this program is to export forage products which meet the plant quarantine import requirements of Japan for freedom from Hessian fly.
This certification program is mandatory for processors, shippers and exporters of forage products that are or contain Hessian fly host material for export to Japan.
The information in this directive is intended for facilities and companies that export forageproducts to Japan as well as inspectors and program officers of the CFIA.
Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries No. 764 provided for in Schedule 2 of the Enforcement Regulations of Plant Protection Law (1950, Ordinance of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry No. 73 (Japan: June 7, 2007).
D-03-14: Canadian Hay Certification Program to certify hay for export
International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) No. 5: Glossary of phytosanitary terms; International Plant Protection Convention, FAO, Rome. (updated annually).
All other directives relating to phytosanitary requirements for field crop commodities may be found at Plant Protection Policy Directives - Grains and Oilseeds.
Definitions for terms used in the present document can be found in the Plant Health Glossary of Terms
Administrative Monetary Penalties Act, S.C. 1995, c. 40
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act, S.C. 1997, c. 6
Plant Protection Act, S.C. 1990, c. 22
Plant Protection Regulations, SOR/95-212
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice, Canada Gazette: Part I (as amended from time to time)
The CFIA is charging fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice. Anyone requiring further information regarding fees may contact any local CFIA office at or visit our Fees Notice website.
Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor (Say)).
Canada (all areas).
Shredded/chopped forage of Hessian fly host material or forage containing Hessian fly host material produced in Canada. This includes wheat, barley, rye, triticale and wheatgrasses (such as quackgrass).
In order for a facility to be approved under this certification program, the facility must apply for approval to the CFIA and have a quality management system in place to ensure that only forage products eligible for export are presented for phytosanitary certification.
As the national plant protection organization of Canada, the CFIA will be responsible for certifying heat-drying facilities and for developing and maintaining a list of approved facilities. On an annual basis, the list will be submitted to the MAFF of Japan. A confirmatory inspection of the facility by a MAFF inspector will be required prior to final approval.
Chopped/shredded straw or hay composed of or contaminated with hosts of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), including straw, culm (stem), and leaves of wheat (Triticum spp.) barley (Hordeum spp.), rye (Secale spp.)and wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.), grown in Canada and treated according to the heat treatment/dehydration certification compliance agreement are eligible for export to Japan.
Baled and/or long hay and straw are not eligible products under this program.
Approved species of baled hay not contaminated with hosts f Hessian fly can continue to be imported into Japan under visual inspection as per D-03-14: Canadian Hay Certification Program to certify hay for export.
Quarantine pests are normally listed in the importing country's plant quarantine import requirements as prohibited pests. All forage products must meet the plant quarantine import requirements of Japan, as follows:
Forage products must be free from:
Quarantine pests (e.g. Hessian fly) based on the heat treatment protocol outlined in this directive and implemented by participating facilities as per the compliance agreement with CFIA;
Other visible pests, other than Hessian fly; and,
To be eligible for this certification program, facilities must follow the procedures outlined below:
The heat treatment/dehydrating process at the facilities shall be implemented by supplying hot air into the rotating drum and moving the forage product with the stream of hot air.
The forage product will be subjected to an air temperature of at least 90°C.
A digital automatic recording thermometer shall be installed at the outlet of the drum.
The exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the drum shall be able to be maintained at 90°C or higher.
When the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the drum reaches 90°C or higher, the temperature inside of the drum shall be maintained at 90°C or higher such that the treated product leaving the drum has been subjected to a temperature of at least 90°C.
a. At least once per year and always at the beginning of annual production, the facility will be inspected by the CFIA to:
Confirm that the readings of the automatic recording thermometer at the outlet of the drum are accurate.
Confirm that the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the drum on the heat-drying facilities reaches 90°C or higher and that the temperature is maintained during treatment.
Verify the records of the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the drum to confirm that treatment has been implemented appropriately.
b. The CFIA will continue to work in collaboration with MAFF regarding the frequency of joint facility audits of established facilities under this program.
c. The following records for each treatment conducted must be kept by the facility and submitted to the CFIA as part of the inspection and certification process:
Quality Management System procedures;
Exhaust gas temperature data from the outlet of the drum at each facility for each treatment conducted;
Quantity of material treated;
Quantity of treated material in storage;
Number of packages exported; and,
Copies of the package tags.
For the purpose of this certification program, a package is defined as either an individual unit (e.g. bale, bag, container) or, a collection of such units that are bound together such that the bundle integrity is maintained through export (e.g. a pallet of bales that has been wrapped in plastic).
a. The packaging and storage areas should be used exclusively for forage products that have been heat treated/dehydrated under this certification program.
b. Untreated and treated products must be stored separately and the storage facilities must be contained and able to be secured. This may require loading the treated product directly into shipping containers.
c. The storage facilities must be clean, and, if necessary, disinfected using an approved pesticide.
d. Each package (either an individual unit (e.g. bale, bag contained) or a collection of such units that are bound together such that the bundle integrity is maintained through export (e.g. a pallet or bales that has been wrapped in plastic) will bear a tag or label indicating:
Identity of forage species;
Date of treatment;
The name, address and CFIA issued facility identification number; and,
The lot number (e.g. barcode, stamp, etc.) should also be clearly indicated on the tag or label of each package.
The tag or label should state the information in this manner: This (identity of forage material and lot number) has been heat treated/dehydrated on (date of treatment) at a temperature of 90°C or higher at (heat treatment/dehydration facility name, address and CFIA issued facility identification number) that has been designated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
e. During transportation of the treated forage products to the temporary storage within the facility or to the vessel loading location, measures should be taken to prevent re-infestation by Hessian flies or untreated Hessian fly host material.
2.6 Sealing and Labeling of Shipping Containers
The material will be exported in ocean freight containers. Containers of heat-treated/ dehydrated forage products will be sealed and labeled by CFIA or CFIA designated personnel to indicate that the consignment has been certified for export to Japan. The container labels (sample in Appendix 3) will be issued to the facility by a CFIA approved provider and label costs will be borne by the exporter. Container labels must be securely fastened to the outside of the container and clearly visible.
In order for a facility to be approved to participate in this certification program to export heat treated/dehydrated chopped/shredded forage products to Japan, the facility must be approved by the CFIA under a compliance agreement. The compliance agreement conditions are presented in Appendix 2. Failure to comply with the conditions set out in this agreement will result in the revocation of the facility's certification.
CFIA personnel in Network/Regional offices will maintain the files on and records from each approved facility participating in this program for a period of no less than 3 years.
Records on each approved facility must include:
Application for Approval under the Heat Treated Forage Program (1 copy);
Compliance Agreement (1 copy of signed agreement);
The facility inspection reports;
The exhaust gas temperature data from the outlet of the drum for each treatment conducted;
The quantity of material disinfected;
The quantities moved into and out of packaging and temporary storage facilities;
Copies of the package tags;
The number of packages exported; and,
The number of Phytosanitary Certificates issued for this type of product.
The CFIA program officer or inspector is responsible for evaluating the facility application, inspecting and auditing facilities, approving quality management system procedures, obtaining signatures for compliance documents and retaining the required facility records.
A signed copy of the compliance agreement will be sent to the National Manager, Grains and Oilseeds section in Ottawa who will issue the facility approval letter. Once a facility is approved, the National Manager of the Grains and Oilseeds section will forward its name to MAFF in order to have the facility recognized as an authorized exporter of heat treated/dehydrated forage products to Japan. A list of all authorized exporters will be maintained and forwarded to MAFF on an annual basis.
Prior to export of a consignment, exporters of forage products are required to complete and submit an Application for Phytosanitary Certification to the CFIA. A Phytosanitary Certificate will be issued by the CFIA for each shipment in accordance with D-99-06: Policy on the Issuance of Phytosanitary Certificates, once it has been determined that the consignment meets the requirements of Japan. The Phytosanitary Certificate will specifically state that the forage product is not infested with Hessian flies based on the heat treatment conducted as per the specifications in this program. Details of the heat treatment will be included on the certificate using the following statement: "Shipment free of Hessian fly based on heat treatment/dehydration performed at a temperature of 90°C or higher at a heat-drying facility designated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency". The name and address of the facility and the date of the treatment will be provided on the Phytosanitary Certificate.
Where inspections determine that an approved facility does not meet the conditions of the compliance agreement, its approval status will be revoked. The CFIA program officer will notify the approved facility in writing of this action.
A facility which has had its approval revoked may re-apply to participate in this certification program once all necessary corrective actions have been implemented. A detailed report of the corrective actions taken must be submitted to the CFIA for evaluation. A CFIA inspector will inspect the facility to determine whether corrective actions are sufficient.
Application to Participate in the Certification Program for Heat-treated/dehydrated Shredded or Chopped Forage Products of or Containing Hessian Fly Host Material Produced in Canada for Export to Japan
Name of Facility:
Owner/Operator of Facility:
Operations Manager:
Fax No.:
Review and approval of Quality Management System procedures commendation of Applicant for Participation in Program
Signature and printed name
CFIA Inspector Officer
Facility Inspection Completed and Facility Recommended for Approval by:
Compliance Agreement Between the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Canadian Facilities Intending to Export Heat-treated/dehydrated Shredded or Chopped Forage Products of or Containing Hessian Fly Host Material Produced in Canada to Japan
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) verifies that (facility name) meets the compliance standards based on the following criteria:
A rotating drum is used in the heat treatment/dehydration such that the forage product moves under a continuous flow of hot air and reaches 90°C.
A digital automatic recording thermometer is installed at the outlet of the drum.
The exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the drum is maintained at a designated temperature such that the temperature in the drum is 90°C or higher.
The treated product is maintained in isolation from non-treated product throughout the post-treatment handling, storage and transportation system.
Measures for preventing contamination of compliant with non-compliant forage product and for preventing the export of non-compliant forage products to Japan must be in place.
Storage areas must be cleaned prior to and after use to avoid contaminating treated forage product with untreated product
Records for each shipment of forage products must be submitted to the CFIA. The records will include: origin, species, type and quantity of forage material, quantity of material treated, date of treatment, treatment details, where stored, duration of storage, when shipped, lot number of finished product.
A document tracking process as part of the Quality Management System procedures to show traceability of forage product lots from arrival at facility through to the final exported product is in place.
The facility has the capacity to ensure that each package [either an individual unit (e.g. bale, bag contained) or, a collection of such units that are bound together such that the bundle integrity is maintained through export (e.g. a pallet or bales that has been wrapped in plastic)] for export bears a tag or label indicating: "This (identity of forage material) has been heat treated/dehydrated on (date of treatment) at a temperature of 90°C or higher at (heat treatment/dehydration facility name, address and CFIA issued facility identification number) that has been designated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency."
The lot number of the finished product is clearly visible on the label of each package to facilitate trace-back.
I, , the owner/operator in possession, care, or control of the above named facility have read and understood all the terms, conditions, obligations and requirements stated herein by which I may be approved to export approved forage product(s) in accordance with Directive 08-01: Certification Program for Heat Treated/Dehydrated Shredded/Chopped Forage Products Produced in Canada Which Are or Contain Hessian Fly Host Material.
Further, I am and shall be responsible for and shall indemnify and save harmless Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, including the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Her Officers, Servants, Employees, Successors and Assigns, from and against all manners of actions, causes of action, claims, demands, loss, costs, damages, actions or other proceedings by whomsoever made, sustained, brought or prosecuted in any manner based upon, caused by, arising out of, attributable to or with respect to any failure, inadvertent or otherwise, by act or omission, to fully comply with the said conditions and requirements.
Exporter (or Representative) signature
Printed name and Title
CFIA Inspector Signature and printed name
Regional Program Officer Signature and printed name
Sample Container Label
This is an example of the bilingual label that must be placed on the outside of the ocean shipping container and includes the following information:
The CFIA logo
The CFIA issued facility identification number (example: CFIA issued facility number: CHTDFP XXX)
The following text in english and french (Certified Export Forage Product for Japan)
Description of Appendix 3
This image is of a bilingual label that would be placed on the outside of ocean shipping containers. It provides information such as the Federal Identity Program image for the CFIA (a Canadian flag with its name on its right side), below in the centre it states that it is a "Certified Export Forage Product for Japan", and it provides a space for the issued facility identification number (CHTDFP XXX). All of the information is contained in an oval outlined in black with a cream-coloured watermark over the image stating in French and English that it is a sample.


Indianapolis Star columnist Matt Tully this morning perfectly nails the frustration with Mayor Ballard and how he betrayed his former supporters and the populist beliefs he ran on in 2007.
Here's a guy who was elected against all odds in 2007 amid an anti-tax rage. Here's a guy who condemned the entrenched political system with a simple campaign slogan: "Had Enough?" Here's an average guy who became the darling of bloggers and activists who were furious with the way the city was being run.
Now, two years later, Ballard is spending his political capital on a massive bailout of the Indiana Pacers and the Capital Improvement Board, which runs the city's sports and convention facilities.
He was talking, of course, about a plan to raise tens of millions of dollars a year for the CIB through increased taxes on booze, sporting events and, once again, restaurant tabs and hotel rooms. A carefully crafted speech before the Senate Appropriations Committee was the latest sign that a mayor we all thought would focus on the nuts and bolts of the city is spending a good chunk of his second year in office worrying about our gleaming sports palaces.
The man who ran against the establishment in 2007 is now a card-carrying member of it. The guy who insisted that things had to be done differently now believes some things must be done the same old way.
Still, that doesn't excuse Ballard's unwillingness to use his bully pulpit to demand concessions from the Colts, to adamantly oppose another increase in the local restaurant tax or to demand that the state -- which actually built Lucas Oil Stadium -- do more to plug its operating deficit.
It's becoming clear that nobody in power is speaking out for the average taxpayer during these negotiations. City and state officials have huddled privately for months with the Pacers and the Colts in search of a deal. The public has been ignored.
As I listened to Mayor Ballard defer to lawmakers, I had a thought: What would Candidate Ballard -- you know, the outsider average guy -- have said about this process?
Tully's analysis, while terrific, only scratches the surface of the anger people feel towards him. The people who are the most angry are those who supported him thinking he would be different from the elitist, country club Republican types who lost the Mayor's office in 1999 and the majority on the council in 2003. Clearly they turned out to be wrong.


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Konklawe 23–24 grudnia 1294 – konklawe, które odbyło się w Neapolu po abdykacji papieża Celestyna V i zakończyło się wyborem Bonifacego VIII na jego następcę.

Pontyfikat Celestyna V. Przywrócenie konstytucji Ubi periculum
Celestyn V, świątobliwy eremita wybrany na przez Kolegium Kardynalskie jako kandydat kompromisowy po dwuletniej sediswakancji 1292-94, okazał się całkowicie nieprzygotowany do pełnienia powierzonego mu urzędu. Zdając sobie ze sprawę z własnej niekompetencji 13 grudnia 1294, zaledwie po pięciu miesiącach pontyfikatu, złożył prawdopodobnie pierwszą w dziejach Kościoła całkowicie dobrowolną abdykację. W ciągu tego krótkiego czasu przywrócił jednak moc obowiązującą konstytucji Ubi periculum ustanawiającej instytucję konklawe (została ona zawieszona przez Adriana V w 1276), a także mianował 13 nowych kardynałów.

Powiadano, że duży wpływ na decyzję Celestyna V o abdykacji miał ambitny kardynał Benedetto Caetani, w rzeczywistości jednak wiadomo, że Celestyn V radził się w tej kwestii wielu różnych osób.

Lista uczestników
W konklawe wzięło udział wszystkich 22 kardynałów, w tym 14 Włochów i 8 Francuzów:
 Gerardo Bianchi (nominacja kardynalska: 12 marca 1278) – kardynał biskup Sabiny; prymas Świętego Kolegium Kardynałów
 Giovanni Boccamazza (22 grudnia 1285) – kardynał biskup Tusculum
 Matteo d'Acquasparta OFM (16 maja 1288) – kardynał biskup Porto e Santa Rufina; penitencjariusz większy
 Hugues Aycelin de Billom OP (16 maja 1288) – kardynał biskup Ostia e Velletri; komendatariusz kościołów prezbiterialnych S. Sabina i S. Prassede
 Simon de Beaulieu (18 września 1294) – kardynał biskup Palestriny
 Bérard de Got (18 września 1294) – kardynał biskup Albano
 Pietro Peregrossi (16 maja 1288) – kardynał prezbiter S. Marco; protoprezbiter Świętego Kolegium Kardynałów; kamerling Świętego Kolegium Kardynałów
 Benedetto Caetani (12 kwietnia 1281) – kardynał prezbiter Ss. Silvestro e Martino; administrator kościołów prezbiterialnych Ss. IV Coronati i S. Susanna; komendatariusz diakonii S. Agata
 Tommaso d'Ocra OCel (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Cecilia; kamerling Świętego Kościoła Rzymskiego
 Jean Le Moine (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter Ss. Marcellino e Pietro
 Pietro d'Aquila OSB (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Croce in Gerusalemme
 Guillaume Ferrier (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Clemente
 Nicolas l'Aide de Nonancourt (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Lorenzo in Damaso
 Robert de Pontigny OCist (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Pudenziana
 Simon de La Charite OSBCluny (18 września 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Balbina
 Giovanni Castrocoeli OSB (28 października 1294) – kardynał prezbiter S. Vitale; administrator archidiecezji Benewent i diecezji Sant'Agata de' Goti; wicekanclerz Świętego Kościoła Rzymskiego
 Matteo Orsini Rosso (31 maja 1262) – kardynał diakon S. Maria in Portico; komendatariusz kościoła prezbiterialnego S. Maria in Trastevere; protodiakon Świętego Kolegium Kardynałów; archiprezbiter bazyliki watykańskiej
 Giacomo Colonna (12 marca 1278) – kardynał diakon S. Maria in Via Lata; komendatariusz diakonii S. Maria in Aquiro; archiprezbiter bazyliki liberiańskiej
 Napoleone Orsini Frangipani (16 maja 1288) – kardynał diakon S. Adriano
 Pietro Colonna (16 maja 1288) – kardynał diakon S. Eustachio
 Landolfo Brancaccio (18 września 1294) – kardynał diakon S. Angelo in Pescheria
 Guglielmo de Longhi (18 września 1294) – kardynał diakon S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano; administrator kościoła prezbiterialnego Ss. XII Apostoli

Dwunastu elektorów mianował Celestyn V (1294), pięciu Mikołaj IV (1288–1292), dwóch Mikołaj III (1277–1280), po jednym Honoriusz IV (1285–1287) i Urban IV (1261–1264).

Przebieg konklawe. Wybór Bonifacego VIII
Ponieważ do abdykacji Celestyna V doszło w Neapolu, kardynałowie zebrali się na konklawe właśnie w tym mieście w zamku Castel Nuovo. Konklawe rozpoczęło się 23 grudnia 1294 i skończyło się już następnego dnia. W pisemnym głosowaniu wyraźną większość głosów otrzymał kardynał Benedetto Caetani, który w wyniku przeprowadzonego następnie akcesu został jednomyślnie wybrany na papieża i przybrał imię Bonifacy VIII. 23 stycznia 1295 w Rzymie odbyła się uroczysta inauguracja jego pontyfikatu.

Przypisy

1294
Wydarzenia 1294

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Just thought I would share this with everyone. We were recently features in the Charlotte Business Journal. Here is the direct link to the article for CBJ members. For everyone else I have attached the article below. Thank you Mr….


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We strongly condemn the most despicable act of Smt. Sushma Swaraj, Union Minister of External Affairs, in abusing her official position to intercede with the UK government and arrange in an highly illegal manner to secure travel document in favor of Lalit Modi, the former IPL Chairman, a scam master accused of money laundering and a runaway from the Enforcement Directorate, the Central Investigating Agency. This once again exposes how hollow and deceptive is the claim of the RSS-BJP combine of offering a clean corruption free society. On the contrary it also reveals how bourgeois rulers like Smt Sushma Swaraj are trampling down at their sweet will the high principles of ethics and morality so very important in running the Government in a country.
We demand that Smt. Sushma Swaraj should immediately step down from Ministership and a high level judicial committee should be constituted by the central government to probe into the matter and bring out the truth with due expediency.


I feel like cornbread is the underdog of side dishes. Many people favor biscuits or dinner rolls over cornbread, saying that cornbread is too dry and bland. However, I'd like to make an argument in favor of cornbread. When prepared correctly, it has a delicous buttery flavor, with just a hint of sweetness. Adding different herbs can also take it up a notch! It also pairs perfectly with chili, gravy, and anything else that needs to be soaked up.
The only factor working against cornbread is that it's not the healthiest. It's usually full of refined flour and sugar, which aren't exactly superfoods. However, when you look at the actual definition of cornbread, it's described as "a type of bread made from cornmeal and typically leavened without yeast." There is no mention of flour, sugar, or any other unhealthy ingredients. If you strip cornbread down to it's roots, it's actually a decently healthy side dish. But is it possible for cornbread to be both healthy and delicious?
I decided to explore this question by setting out to develop a vegan and gluten-free cornbread recipe that was still packed with flavor. To do this, I swapped out white flour for whole grain oat flour, white sugar for pure maple syrup, and regular butter for vegan butter. I also added my favorite herb, rosemary. After a little tinkering with the proportions, I was able to come up with a cornbread muffin recipe that perfectly balanced nutrition with taste!
Because it's in muffin form, this recipe is perfect for meal prep. It's also a great side for chili, roasts, and other comfort foods. Looking for something to pair this cornbread with? Try out this vegan pumpkin walnut chili!
These rosemary cornbread muffins are vegan and gluten-free, but still packed with flavor. They're the perfect side for chili, roasts, and other hearty favorites!
Preheat oven to 400°F. Grease a 12-cup muffin tin and set aside.
Stir together ground flax and water and set aside to thicken for 5-10 minutes.
In a large bowl, combine oat flour, corn meal, baking powder, salt, and rosemary.
In another bowl, whisk together the flax "eggs," maple syrup, almond milk, and melted butter until smooth.
Whisk the wet ingredients into the dry, mixing until combined.
Divide batter evenly between 9 cups of the prepared muffin pan, filling each cup about 3/4 of the way full.
Bake for 18-22 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the muffins comes out clean.


Do news outlets have a duty to protect the anonymity of AA members?
Time to shed the media secrecy?
AA member David Colman's recent New York Times article questioning the notion of anonymity within Alcoholics Anonymous continues to provoke controversy in the the media and across twelve-step communities across the nation. The firestorm was initially fueled by a column at The Fix by Susan Cheever asking whether anonymity had outlived its usefulness in the modern world. In response, AA's world headquarters has sent a letter to major news media outlets asking them to honor the tradition of not printing the last names or the photographs of any AA members, even if they choose to identify themselves as such. John Drescher, executive editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, published a thoughtful response to this request on Saturday. The crux of the question, he says, is whether journalists have a responsibility to protect the anonymity of AA members—even members who have already gone public about their addiction. As far as Drescher is concerned, the answer is no.


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Alternative Network Letter Vol 4 No.2-Aug 1988-EQUATIONS
Questionnaire for Tourism Industry
Airports Driving Economic and Tourism Development
Osumi Canyon by Krist Andoni ( and little help from me and my bruder )
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332492134-5-star-hotel-synopsis.pdf
Intro Draft
Tourism 2020 Vision
World Tourism Organization
Capitn Haya 42, 28020 Madrid, Spain
Tel: 34915678100; Fax: 34915713733
E-mail:omt@world-tourism.org
W e b : w w w. w o r l d - t o u r i s m . o r g
Changes, Performance and Trends in the 1990s
Determinants and Influences
Analysis of Flows in Europe
Factors, Strategies, Plans and Trends
Survey of NTAs
..........................................................................................................
Factors Determining Europes Prospects
.....................................................................
.........................................................................................................
Political, Social and Behavioural Trends
....................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
Destination Strategies
Individual Country Examples
Forecasts to 2020
Forecasts of Inbound Tourism Worldwide
Forecasts of Inbound Tourism to Europe
Overall Europe
European Subregions
.....................................................................................
Forecasts of Outbound Tourism from Europe
............................................................
Outbound to Global Subregions
..............................................................................................................
Mediterranean Forecasts
Balkan Forecasts
Origin and Destination Country Forecasts
Inbound Tourism: Country Overview
Inbound Tourism: Destinations by Countries of Origin
Outbound Tourism from Major Generating Countries
Methodology and Details of Tourism 2020 Vision Study
The Tourism 2020 Vision programme of research and forecasting represents a continuation of
WTOs work in the area of tourism forecasts initiated in 1990 with the general objective:
to identify the key trends in tourism supply and demand world-wide, by region; and
to determine their impact on the various sectors of the tourism trade; together with
the implications for policy making and relevant strategies.
The first two phases produced a series of forecasting reports for the six WTO regions and a global volume (Global Tourism Forecasts to the Year 2000 and Beyond). These studies constituted part
of the WTOs commitment to assist Members in developing the sophisticated tourism forecasting
capabilities which are essential to support Governments and National Tourism Administrations
(NTAs) role in tourism marketing and promotion, development planning and provision of infrastructure and services. WTO has continued its assistance in this area through inter alia a series of
technical seminars and its regular Tourism Market Trends publications.
The response from Members to the first series of forecasting reports was strongly positive with a
request for more detailed information such as: region-region (even country-country) flows, profiles of major outbound travel markets (both established tourism sources, and emergent origins),
assessment of prospects for groupings of countries smaller than, or which constitute natural
groupings not in line with, the six WTO regions. Concise fact files of a number of market segments (such as those that are already substantive, and those which have rapid-growth prospects)
should also be included.
Phase 3 - Tourism 2020 Vision - was designed to take account of these expressed needs. An extensive programme of research and analysis was undertaken over a two-year period. The research
included a new survey of NTA members of WTO with responses received from 85 countries. A follow-up response was also sought from 15 Asian countries in January and September 1998 as a consequence of the financial problems in the region. A survey was also carried out among 50 tourism
visionaries (i.e. tourism and travel companies, and their suppliers, researchers/writers/ publishers/academics specialising in tourism, economic and political specialists).
The results of the Phase 3 programme of work are presented in the following series of reports:
A document entitled Executive Summary was distributed at the General Assembly in Istanbul in
October 1997 which contained: global tourism prospects and determinants; regional forecasts; the
results of the NTA survey; and the Megatrends which will need to be exploited (or taken into account)
for success in the period to 2020. An updated version of the Executive Summary, distributed at the
Ministerial Conference on Oceans and New Tourism Destinations in Lisbon in June 1998, was expanded
to include key developmental and marketing factors; while a second revision was published in
December 1999 taking the September 1998 Asian NTA survey results into account.
2 Global and Regional Forecasts
The detailed report on which the Executive Summary and its subsequent revisions are based.
3 Market Segments
This report contains a series of fact files containing analysis of major and rapidly growing market segments/niches, presenting information on a comparable, action-oriented format for each
subject segment on:
Working definitions;
Estimates of magnitude;
Characteristics of demand and supply;
Growth prospects; and
Promotional guidelines for NTAs.
4 Six Regional Volumes
Examination of changes, performance and trends in the first half of the 1990s will preface detailed
forecasts for each region, and special groupings of countries within these regions. Inbound and
outbound tourism forecasts are presented, as well as principal origin-destination forecasts on a
subregional and (in selected major cases) a country-country basis.
The present report constitutes Tourism 2020 Vision: Volume 4 Europe. It is structured in three parts
(the first examining the development of tourism in Europe in the first half of the 1990s, the second dealing with the determinants governing the forecasts for the period to 2020, and the third
presenting the forecasts themselves broken down by subregion).
There is also a summary of the main findings and conclusions, and this introduction. In addition,
there are two appendices containing administrative, reference and technical information.
Europe has been a long standing world leader in terms of tourist arrivals, but due to the growing
amount of new destinations on offer in other regions, its world share has fallen by five percentage points over the period 1980 to 1998. Despite the average annual growth rate for Europe
being less than the world average over this period, Europes arrivals figures have seen strong
growth, just doubling since 1980.
International Tourist Arrivals, 1950-2020
Arriv
A series of National Tourism Administration (NTA) surveys undertaken by WTO over the last two
years show that NTAs are increasing their promotional activity and developing more aggressive
marketing strategies. There is also an increasing number of NTAs entering into joint ventures with
the private sector. Tourist offices are diversifying their tourism product to encourage new markets,
spreading demand away from more traditional areas such as cities and coastal regions. The trend
for visitors to take multiple short breaks rather than one longer holiday is encouraging many NTAs
to develop tourist products to attract shorter staying and higher spending visitors. There is also an
increased use of the Internet as a promotional and sales tool. Finally, most destinations anticipate
continued but steady growth reflecting their relative maturity as tourism destinations. Strongest
growth is anticipated in the East Mediterranean subregion, with Cyprus, Turkey and Israel all
expecting growth rates more than double the European average. The countries of Central/Eastern
Europe also expect strong growth rates to accompany a diversification of their tourism product
away from the cities to more rural areas.
The European tourism industry faces ever increasing levels of destination competition from other
destinations and other goods and services which vie with travel and tourism for discretionary time
and spending. The Internet will become increasingly important as a promotional and sales tool, as
will Digital TV when it becomes more established. A shift towards the predominance of the service economy in Europe will lead to the rapid expansion in the number of call centres for marketing and sales. The timeshare market is increasing in importance, with some of the large tour operators entering the market. As leisure time continues to become a more valuable commodity,
theme parks will become increasingly popular, by offering the visitor a wide range of attractions
and facilities in a relatively compact area. The gradual introduction of the Euro as a single currency throughout the European Union will have a wide range of positive effects for the tourism
industry in Europe, the main benefit coming from increased intraregional travel. The rapid
increase in the number of low cost airlines starting up throughout Europe will continue to boost
intraregional travel due to the low cost of fares. Consolidation of tour operators and travel agents
throughout Europe will continue, with the medium size operator being swallowed up, leaving the
large operators and the small specialist operators to serve the markets. Western society is experiencing an increased senior citizen segment, record divorce rates, later marriages and families and
increased single parent households; environmental awareness is also on the increase. These factors mean that the travel and tourism industry must cater to a greater number of household and
special interest segments.
International Tourist Arrivals in Europe
Growth Rate 1960-2020
The Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts show that international tourist arrivals are expected to reach
over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. This demonstrates an annual growth rate of 4.1 per cent over
the period 1995-2020. Long-haul travel worldwide will grow faster than intraregional travel. In
1995, long-haul travel accounted for 18 per cent of all international trips; by 2020 this is expected to increase to 24 per cent.
Forecasts for international tourist arrivals to Europe show that there will be 717 million arrivals in
2020. This represents an annual growth rate of 3.0 per cent over the period 1995-2020, which is
below the global growth rate of 4.1 per cent. Consequently the overall share of arrivals to the
European region is expected to decrease over the forecast period. The growth rate of arrivals to
Western Europe will be the lowest of all the European subregions, and by 2020 Central/Eastern
Europe will attract more visitors than Western Europe. Strong growth is also expected for arrivals
to the East Mediterranean subregion. Long-haul travel to Europe will grow at over one percentage point faster than intraregional travel over the period 1995-2020.
International Tourist Arrivals by Receiving Region
Growth Rate, 1955-2020
Af./ ME/ SA
The Tourism 2020 Vision study forecasts that there will be over 729 million outbound tourist
arrivals generated from Europe in the year 2020. This represents an annual growth rate over the
period 1995-2020 of 3.4 per cent, over half a percentage point below the global average of 4.1
per cent. Whilst Europe will remain the worlds largest tourist generating region by some considerable margin, it is losing its market share. In 1995, 55 per cent of all outbound tourists were from
Europe. By 2020, this will decline to around 47 per cent. Though Western Europe will remain the
largest generating subregion within Europe over the forecast period, the East Mediterranean subregion will show the highest growth rate of outbound tourists. Long-haul travel from Europe will
grow at over double the rate of intraregional travel between 1995 and 2020.
By 2020, 346 million tourists will visit Mediterranean destinations, representing about 22 per cent
of all arrivals worldwide. Despite the growth of the Mediterranean as the worlds largest tourist
receiving region, the regions share of global tourism is expected to decrease over the period
The ten Balkan countries are forecast to receive 79 million international tourist arrivals in the year
2020, thus recording an annual growth rate of 4.6 per cent over the period 1995-2020. The leading Balkan tourist destinations of Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia will retain the
majority of Balkan tourist arrivals; over 92 per cent in 2020.
International Tourist Arrivals by Tourist Generating Region
The individual inbound country forecasts for the main tourist destinations within Europe show
that France will remain the regions largest tourist receiving country. By 2020, it is expected that
there will be 106 million international tourist arrivals to the country.
The outbound forecasts of the top five generating countries show that Germany will remain the
regions largest generating country. However, the expected rate of growth of 2.9 per cent a year
will be below European average. With an expected growth rate of 3.9 a year, France will be the
fastest growing generating market of the five major ones analysed for this report.
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text:
Events during the year 1992 in Poland.

Incumbents

Events
2 March – Poland establishes diplomatic relations with Belarus, becoming one of the first countries to recognise the independence of Belarus.
16 October – A new Act of Parliament re-establishes the former Order of Merit of the Polish People's Republic under the new name Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej).

Births

 27 June: Michał Daszek, handball player
 27 November: Tola Szlagowska, singer

Deaths
 18 May: Janusz Kruk, musician (born 1946)
 22 December: Milo Sperber, actor, director and writer (born 1911)

References


President Donald Trump issued an executive order to look into the financial status of the U.S. Postal Service.
President Donald Trump's new executive order asking for an evaluation of the United States Postal Service doesn't name Amazon, but a CNBC analyst called it a "shot across the bow" at the Seattle-based online retail giant.
The order asks a task force to issue a report on the financially struggling USPS within 120 days, examining pricing of the package delivery market, among other factors.
"The USPS is on an unsustainable financial path and must be restructured to prevent a taxpayer funded bailout," said the order.
However, social media posts reveal there's more to the story. Twitter shows the timeline of Trump's attack on Amazon.
"I am right about Amazon costing the United States Post Office massive amounts of money for being their Delivery Boy," read one Tweet on April 3.
Analysts estimate Amazon uses the postal service for nearly half of its shipping needs and gets a big deal for the high volume.
The Washington Post reported per-package costs work out to roughly half the standard rate charged by other big shippers.
However, a former Postmaster General told analysts Amazon is actually profitable for the Postal Service, at a time when overall mail has declined significantly.
That's why the new executive order could be more about Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos's other property, The Washington Post.
"A company being singled out by the government should be worrisome not just for Amazon but for any company in the country," said Jeff Shulman of UW's Foster School of Business.
Whether or not Amazon spurred the government audit, Shulman says its analysis of the Postal Service should be conducted as a part of routine business.
Meanwhile, the Postal Service in a statement Friday appeared to welcome the task force audit.
"As we have repeatedly stressed, these business model problems are serious, but solvable, and the President's executive order establishing the Task Force on the United States Postal System provides an opportunity to further consider these important public policy issues," read the statement in part.
Analysts also note that the USPS retiree pension and health care cost structure account for a large part of the Postal Service's financial problems.
As for Amazon, war of words aside, the tech behemoth actually does significant work with the government, securing a big cloud contract with the CIA and is in the running for a possible contract with the Pentagon.
"The CIA contract that Amazon got was highly valuable not just for the revenue but for the brand value it created," said Shulman.
"Amazon's future is really bright regardless of what happens with government contracts coming up," he continued.


text:
President Museveni Warns World On Drug Trafficking At Lome Initiative
FUFA Summons Cranes Goalkeeper Over Comments On Players' Strike
By Brian Bariyo Tumuramye
Kampala: The Federation of Uganda Football Association (FUFA) disciplinary committee has summoned Uganda Cranes third choice goalkeeper, Salim Jamal Magoola over comments he made during the players' strike in Egypt during the 2019 African Cup of Nations.
Following the players' strike prior to the game against Senegal, the 24 year old Al Hilal shot stopper blasted Aruu county Legislator, Odonga Otto for castigating the Cranes players.
In his tweet, Jamal said the vocal legislator had got his facts wrong on the strike, noting that he (Jamal) cannot fight over the peanut allowances given to them for playing for the national team.
However, in a July summon, Magoola is asked to appear before the football governing body's disciplinary committee on Monday July 15, 2019 to answer a number of queries regarding the matter.
"You are therefore summoned to appear before the FUFA disciplinary panel in person with your written response on Monday July 15, 2019 at 2pm at FUFA house boardroom," reads in part the letter.
According to the football governing body's disciplinary committee, the comments by Salim Magoola were improper, abusive, insulting and brought the game of football into disrepute contrary to the FUFA rules and communications code.
"In case you fail to appear at the above prescribed time and place, the panel shall determine the matter with information at its disposal," FUFA said in the letter.
When contacted for a comment over the same, Salim said he had been made aware of it but noted that he was still driving and not in position to make a comment.
"I got the information but I am still driving. We shall communicate when I reach," the 24 year old goalkeeper said.
The sit down strike by the Cranes players attracted mixed reactions among the public with many accusing them of greed whereas a section of the public said the players were entitled to their bonuses.
However, following a lengthy meeting, FUFA later accepted to pay each of the players $6000(Shs22M).
"FUFA has agreed to pay $6,000 over and above the agreed terms in the Code of Conduct and that matters of Finances will not be discussed until the end of Uganda cranes participation in the Tournament. This position has been duly communicated to the players," a statement by FUFA said.
News featured FUFA Salim Jamal Magoola Uganda Cranes	Share:
Tension As Court Evicts 500 Residents
Kampala At Flooding Risk As Lubigi Wetland Given To Investor
President Museveni Warns World On Drug Trafficking At Lome Initiative January 19, 2020


This 5 piece cookware set will make food prep hassle free and has all the pans you'll need for large batch cooking. The interior of the frying pan and grill pan is easy-lift non-stick and allows food to release from the pans effortlessly so cleaning up will be easy. With double riveted, grippy handles on all pans provide maximum strength and a safe, slip-free grip, you can use these pans with confidence. The versatility of this set allows you to use all pans in the oven up to 180°C/350°F/Gas Mark 4.
Stylish polished stainless steel exterior teamed with a tough non-stick interior provides long lasting durability and practicality.
This pan set is designed to give all hob types a good work out including induction, and are dishwasher safe.
Colourful silicon handles adds a pop of colour and provides a comfortable slip free grip. Double-riveted for added durability and oven safe to 180°C / Gas Mark 4.
This set comes with a 5 Year Guarantee and if you're not 100% happy in the first 90 days, we'll give you your money back.


text:
Епархия Беллуно-Фельтре (, ) епархия Римско-католической церкви в составе архиепархии-митрополии Венеции, входящей в церковную область Тревенето в Италии. В настоящее время епархией управляет епископ Ренато Марангони. Викарный епископ — Луиджи Дель Фаверо.

Клир епархии включает 214 священников (184 епархиальных и 30 монашествующих священников), 5 диаконов, 36 монахов, 209 монахинь.

Адрес епархии: Piazza Duomo 3, 32100 Belluno, Italia. Телефон: 0437 94 08 96. Факс: 0437 94 27 46.

Патронами епархии Виченцы являются святой Мартин Турский и святые Виктор и Корона.

Территория
В юрисдикцию епархии входит 158 приходов в коммунах в провинции Беллуно и Порденоне.

Все приходы объединены в 13 деканатов.

Кафедра епископа находится в городе Беллуно в . В городе Фельтре находится со-кафедральный  и ].

История

Ординарии епархии
 Кафедра Беллуно
 Феликс (VI век);
 Лаврентий (упоминается в 590);
 Аймон (X век);
 Иоанн (X век);
 Вольфранко (1080—1100);
 Райнальдо (1100—1118);
 Оттоне (1118—1130);
 Альтепрандо (1130—1139);
 Бонифачо (1139—1156);
 Оттоне (1156—1183);
 Джерардо де Такколи (1184—1197);
 Бальдовино (1197—1199);
 Кафедра объединена с кафедрой Фельтре (1199—1462);
 Людовико Донато (1462—1465) — назначен епископом Бергамо;
 Мозè Буффарелло (05.01.1465 — 1471);
 Пьетро Бароцци (04.09.1471 — 24.06.1487) — назначен епископом Падуи;
 Бернардо де Росси (1488—1499) — назначен епископом Тревизо;
 Бартоломео Тревизан (1499 — 09.09.1509);
 Галезо Никезола (1509 — 02.08.1527);
 Джованни Баттиста Казале (1527 — 21.10.1536);
 Антонио Бароцци (1527—1537) — анти-епископ;
 Гаспаро Контарини (23.10.1536 — 24.08.1542);
 Джулио Контарини (1542 — 09.08.1575);
 Джованни Баттиста Вальер (09.08.1575 — 1596);
 Альвизе Лоллино (29.07.1596 — 28.03.1625);
 Панфило Персико (1625—1625);
 Джованни Дольфин (09.02.1626 — 1634);
 Томмазо Маллоно (26.06.1634 — 07.02.1649) — сомаскинец;
 Sede vacante (1649—1653);
 Джулио Берлендис (19.11.1653 — 21.10.1693);
 Джанфранческо Бембо (28.06.1695 — 21.07.1720) — сомаскинец;
 Валерио Рота (13.10.1720 — 08.09.1730);
 Гаэтано Дзванелли (11.12.1730 — 25.01.1736);
 Доменико Никола Кондульмер (13.02.1736 — 14.03.1747);
 Джакомо Коста (29.05.1747 — 1755) — театинец;
 Джованни Баттиста Санди (24.05.1756 — 12.08.1785);
 Себастьяно Алькайни (25.09.1785 — 04.03.1803) — сомаскинец;
 Sede vacante (1803—1819).

 Кафедра Фельтре
 Фретейо (упоминается в 590 и 591);
 Эндригетто делла Корте (781)
 Аурато (827)
 Теуперто (967)
 Бенедетто (990)
 Рикиццоне (1015)
 Мачилино (1046)
 Одорико де Фаллеро (1047)
 Тьемоне (1070)
 Арпоне (1096)
 Губерто (1140)
 Энрико (1152)
 Адамо (1160)
 Друдо да Камино (1169—1200)
 Ансельмо ди Браганца (1200—1204)
 Торрезино да Корте (1204—1209)
 Филиппо да Падова (1209—1225)
 Оттоне да Торино (1225—1235)
 Элеазаро да Кастелло (1235—1241)
 Алессандро де Форо (1241—1246)
 Тизоне да Камино (1246—1257) — избранный епископ;
 Адальджерио да Виллата (06.12.1257 — 30.09.1290);
 Джакомо Казале (1290—1298) — францисканец-конвентуал;
 Алессандро Новелло (1298—1320);
 Манфредо да Коллальто (17.03.1320 — 20.05.1321)
 Грегорио де Таури (1322—1327);
 Горджа де Луза (1328—1349);
 Бельвендерио де Рамбальдони (1349—1350) — апостольский администратор;
 Энрико ди Вальдек (1350—1353);
 Джакомо Гоблин (1353—1369);
 Антонио де Нассери (29.05.1369 — 19.09.1393);
 Альберто ди Сан Джорджо (1393 — 28.04.1398) — францисканец;
 Джованни Капогалло (12.06.1398 — 01.08.1402) — бенедиктинец;
 Блаженный Энрико Скарампи (10.04.1403 — 29.09.1440);
 Томмазо Томмазини (15.10.1440 — 24.03.1446) — доминиканец;
 Джакомо Цено (1447—1460) — назначен епископом Падуи;
 Франческо даль Леньяме (26.03.1460 — 11.01.1462);
 Теодоро де Леллис (1462—1464) — назначен епископом Тревизо;
 Анджело Фазоло (16.09.1464 — 1490);
 Джованни Робобело (06.01.1491 — 19.12.1494) — назначен архиепископом Цары;
 Адреа Тревизано (1494—1504);
 Антонио Пиццамано (1504—1512);
 Лоренцо Кампеджо (12.11.1512 — 01.06.1520);
 Томмазо Кампеджо (01.06.1520 — 17.04.1559);
 Филиппо Мария Кампеджо (17.04.1559 — 09.04.1584);
 Джакомо Ровеллио (09.04.1584 — 1610);
 Агостино Градениго (29.03.1610 — 20.03.1628) — назначен патриархом Аквилеи;
 Джованни Паоло Савио (29.05.1628 — 19.12.1639) — назначен епископом Адрии;
 Цербино Луго (09.01.1639 — 1647);
 Симеоне Дифнико (10.05.1649 — 24.05.1661);
 Марко Маркиани (13.03.1662 — 31.07.1663);
 Бартоломео Джера (11.02.1664 — 11.04.1681);
 Антонио Польчениго (24.04.1684 — 1724);
 Пьетро Мария Суарес (26.06.1724 — 20.11.1747) — назначен епископом Адрии;
 Джованни Баттиста Бортоли (18.12.1747 — 20.03.1757) — назначен титулярным архиепископом Назианза;
 Андреа Антонио Сильверио Минуччи (28.03.1757 — 15.12.1777) — назначен епископом Римини;
 Джироламо Энрико Бельтрамини-Мьяцци (15.12.1777 — 24.03.1779);
 Андреа Бенедетто Ганассони (12.07.1779 — 29.03.1786);
 Бернардо Мария Каренцони (24.07.1786 — 20.08.1811) — оливетанец;
 Sede vacante (1811—1819).

 Кафедра Беллуно и Фельтре (Фельтре и Беллуно)
 Луиджи Цуппани (23.08.1819 — 26.11.1841);
 Антонио Кава (20.06.1843 — 11.11.1852);
 Винченцо Скарпа (1854—1854) — избранный епископ;
  (17.12.1855 — 22.04.1871);
  (27.10.1871 — 29.01.1899) — ораторианец;
  (19.06.1899 — 02.07.1910);
  (02.07.1910 — 05.10.1913);
  (21.11.1913 — 03.03.1944);
  (09.09.1945 — 01.04.1949) — капуцин, назначен епископом Падуи;
  (19.05.1949 — 01.09.1975);
 Маффеи Джованни Дуколи (07.10.1975 — 30.09.1986) — назначен епископом Беллуно-Фельтре.

 Кафедра Беллуно-Фельтре
 Маффеи Джованни Дуколи (30.09.1986 — 02.02.1996);
  (02.01.1996 — 28.10.2000) — назначен архиепископом Удине;
  (09.12.2000 — 31.03.2004) — салезианец;
  (29 мая 2004 года — 10 февраля 2016 года).
 Ренато Марангони (с 10 февраля 2016 года)

Статистика
На конец 2006 года из 185 400 человек, проживающих на территории епархии, католиками являлись 184 000 человек, что соответствует 99,2 % от общего числа населения епархии.

|-
| 1950 || 196.785 || 196.785 || 100,0 || 263 || 208 || 55 || 748 ||  || 89 || 474 || 125
|-
| 1970 || 204.643 || 204.723 || 100,0 || 343 || 257 || 86 || 596 ||  || 129 || 596 || 167
|-
| 1980 || 150.000 || 150.800 || 99,5 || 221 || 184 || 37 || 678 ||  || 45 || 358 || 126
|-
| 1990 || 187.680 || 188.186 || 99,7 || 283 || 231 || 52 || 663 || 1 || 65 || 363 || 158
|-
| 1999 || 184.100 || 184.602 || 99,7 || 250 || 204 || 46 || 736 || 5 || 52 || 260 || 158
|-
| 2000 || 184.100 || 184.602 || 99,7 || 245 || 199 || 46 || 751 || 5 || 52 || 255 || 158
|-
| 2001 || 184.100 || 184.602 || 99,7 || 242 || 196 || 46 || 760 || 5 || 52 || 251 || 158
|-
| 2002 || 183.782 || 184.207 || 99,8 || 232 || 189 || 43 || 792 || 5 || 49 || 248 || 158
|-
| 2003 || 181.402 || 181.822 || 99,8 || 221 || 185 || 36 || 820 || 4 || 40 || 247 || 158
|-
| 2004 || 181.402 || 181.882 || 99,7 || 221 || 187 || 34 || 820 || 4 || 38 || 217 || 158
|-
| 2006 || 184.000 || 185.400 || 99,2 || 214 || 184 || 30 || 859 || 5 || 36 || 209 || 158
|}

Источники
 Annuario pontificio за 2007 и предыдущие годы на сайте Сatholic-hierarchy.org, страница
 Официальный сайт епархии Беллуно-Фельтре
 Florio Miari, Cronache bellunesi inedite, Belluno, Tipografia Deliberali, 1865
 Giorgio Piloni, Historia di Georgio Piloni dottor bellunese, nella quale, oltre le molte cose degne, avvenute in diverse parti del mondo di tempo in tempo, s'intendono, et leggono d'anno in anno, con minuto raguaglio, tutti i successi della città di Belluno. Con quattro tavole. L'una de' vescovi di essa città di Belluno; una de gli autori, de' quali s'e servito nell'opera; una de' rettori, podesta, e suoi vicarij, che l'hanno retta fin l'anno 1600 e l'altra delle cose notabili, che si comprendono in essa, Venezia, Giovanni Antonio Rampazetto, 1607
 Булла De salute Dominici gregis, в Bullarii romani continuatio, Tomo XV, Romae 1853, pp. 36-40
 Булла Quo aptius
 Границы епархии Беллуно-Фельтре на сайте gcatholic.org

См. также
 Базилика Святого Мартина (Беллуно)
 Собор Святого Петра (Фельтре)

Беллуно-Фельтре
Беллуно-Фельтре


Tokyo -- J-PHONE Co., Ltd. announced today it will offer the J-SA06 by Sanyo, a new Sha-mail picture messaging handset, for sale after early August. The J-SA06's most notable feature is its Multi Sha-mail and Postcard capability, which makes it easy and fun for users to create and mail their own files using preset background animations, melodies and picture postcard templates that come bundled with the handset.
Another convenient feature of the J-SA06 is its "Koko Keitai" (phone finder) function which allows a user to seek the location of a misplaced handset even when set to manner vibration mode. For more enjoyable photography, the J-SA06 comes with a camera flash and mirror display, and its slim and stylish form is sure to please the fashion-conscious.
With the addition of the J-SA06 to its lineup, J-PHONE has released a total of 29 Sha-mail handsets, thereby bringing the pleasures of picture messaging to an even greater number of individuals.


『(吹)ターミネーター[テレビ朝日版]』© 1984 CINEMA '84, A GREENBERG BROTHERS PARTNERSHIP. All Rights Reserved 『(吹)サバイバー』© 2015 SURVIVOR PRODUCTIONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 『(吹)ネイビー・シールズ(1990)』NAVY SEALS © 1990 ORION PICTURES CORPORATION. All Rights Reserved 『(吹)ジャッカル』©TOHO-TOWA 『(吹)恋人たちの予感』WHEN HARRY MET SALLY © 1989 CASTLE ROCK ENTERTAINMENT. All Rights Reserved 『(吹)マンマ・ミーア!』© 2008 Universal Studios. All Rights Reserved. 『マッケンナの黄金』Copyright © 1968, renewed 1996 Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 『戦うパンチョ・ビラ』TM, ® & © 2019 by Paramount Pictures. All Rights Reserved. 『パシフィック・リム』© Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. and Legendary Pictures Funding, LLC 『LION/ライオン 〜25年目のただいま〜』©2016 Long Way Home Holdings Pty Ltd and Screen Australia 『(吹)LIFE!/ライフ[ザ・シネマ新録版]』【本編】© 2013 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation and TSG Entertainment Finance LLC. All rights reserved. 【キーアート/場面写真/トレーラー】 © 2013 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. All rights reserved. 『スター・トレック イントゥ・ダークネス』© 2019 Paramount Pictures. STAR TREK and related marks and logos are trademarks of CBS Studios Inc. 『LIFE!/ライフ』【本編】© 2013 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation and TSG Entertainment Finance LLC. All rights reserved. 【キーアート/場面写真/トレーラー】 © 2013 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. All rights reserved.


The Randolph Field ISD Programs for Gifted and Talented (GT) students provide instructional opportunities and other services designed to meet the unique needs of students with significantly advanced general intellectual ability and/or specific subject matter aptitude in language arts, science, social studies and/or mathematics. These programs shall provide an appropriately differentiated curriculum and ensure the students are instructed in all essential elements and demonstrate an acceptable degree of mastery. As needed, the services will modify delivery of instruction for students by accelerating and/or providing for greater depth, more complex content, and enrichment activities. GT classes and/or services are available in kindergarten-12th grades. Teachers serving identified GT students have met the state requirements necessary for assignment of gifted and talented students.
The general goal of gifted and talented services is to provide a differentiated educational experience for gifted and talented students in the district.
• Identify students in kindergarten through grade twelve (K-12) to be served in Gifted and Talented Programs.
• Identify the abilities and needs of each gifted and talented student to provide appropriate services.
• Implement evaluation procedures to assess student progress/performance in services and to evaluate procedures for effective services, service continuation, service refinement, and service expansion.
• Develop and/or identify appropriate curricula, instruction, and materials to support services and student goals.
• Provide trained professionals, teachers, administrators, and counselors on each campus with knowledge and skills necessary to provide services for the gifted and talented students and implement services for identified students.
• Involve parents and community members in the implementation of gifted and talented services.


text:
Classical music, Notes & Nods
Win tickets to Fresno Philharmonic's season-opener concert
Photo credit: Sarah Black
You can win a pair of tickets to the Fresno Philharmonic's first Masterworks concert of the season, billed as "Curtain Up: Bernstein & Strauss" (3 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 22, Saroyan Theatre). The program includes Rei Hotoda conducting Bernstein's vivacious "Candide" and Strauss' "Der Rosenkavalier," along with Vivian Fung's "Earworms" (a feisty and whimsical orchestral piece depicting the distractions and multitasking of contemporary life) and guest artist Cecile Licad on piano, who joins the orchestra for Saint-Saëns' brilliant Piano Concerto No. 2.
The contest is open only to members, donors and individual sponsors of The Munro Review. Tax-deductible memberships start at $5 a month, and you can make a one-time donation of as little as $3. (Paid memberships help keep the site running, and paid members get special members-only benefits. Please consider a paid membership in support of independent, local arts journalism.) A free membership option is available. For details on how to join, go to the Membership and Sponsorship page. No purchase, donation or membership is necessary to enter the ticket giveaway.
To enter this giveaway, leave a reply on this post (see below) answering this question: What song is your biggest earworm? (If you're shy, you can just say why you'd like to attend.) Deadline to enter is 10 a.m. Friday, Sept. 20. The winner will be picked at random and notified by email.
The Munro Review has no paywall but is financially supported by readers who believe in its non-profit mission of bringing professional arts journalism to the central San Joaquin Valley. You can help by signing up for a monthly recurring paid membership or make a one-time donation of as little as $3. All memberships and donations are tax-deductible.
classical music, classicalmusiccat, fresno philharmonic, giveaway, giveaways
Amelia Ryan
I would love to go to this concert! I grew up listening to Candide; I was singing "Glitter and Be Gay" along with Barbara Cook when I was six. Rosenkavalier came later. (I never got to sing it, but I was in the chorus of Arabella.) I also love Saint-Saens! As for earworms, it depends on what I've been listening to lately. I'm primary caregiver for my mother, and I sing a lot of old favorites to her. Sometimes "As Time Goes By" gets ahold of me and won't let go.
carloscazador
Music invigorates all my senses like the wildflowers in Spring that I don't know by name and so it is with music I cannot always name.
I can't think of a specific earworm but there is always some jingle in my head.
I would love to attend!
Kate McKnight
Right now "Make Your Garden Grow" from Candide is one of my welcome earworms because that will be the closing piece for University High's annual "Magic of the Arts" at the Saroyan on October 19. (I'm the director/stage manager.) Our entire student body, along with faculty, will come on stage singing/playing that beautiful piece of music that always makes me teary-eyed. So, it's fabulous that the overture from Candide will be played on Sunday! I hope Mike and I can be there in person to hear it.
Kelly Curry
What a day, what a day for an auto de fe…
Biggest ear worm For me is Mama Mia. Love the Philharmonic!


Nintendo (7974.JP) raised its full-year operating profit forecast on Monday on strong demand for its Switch game console.
For the financial year ending March 2018, Nintendo raised its revenue forecast from JPY 750 billion to JPY960 billion and more than doubled its net profit forecast to JPY125 billion. The Japanese videogames maker also said it expected to sell 16.7 million units of the Switch, topping an earlier forecast by four million units.
The company forecasts for selling 55.46 million Switch games by March, up from a previous guidance of 40.5 million games.
For the July-September quarter, Nintendo reported an operating profit of JPY23.8 billion JPY220 billion. The company also announced an interim dividend of JPY 110 per share.
Shares closed down slightly on Monday prior to the earnings announcement. They have gained about 75% so far this year.


text:
Joanne Leow
Asst Prof Eng
U of Saskatchewan
Commons username: @joanne_leow
Following 1 members
Commons Groups
2020 MLA Convention
CLCS 20th- and 21st-Century
CLCS Global Anglophone
CLCS Southeast Asian and Southeast Asian Diasporic
GS Nonfiction Prose
GS Poetry and Poetics
GS Speculative Fiction
LLC 20th- and 21st-Century English and Anglophone
LLC Asian American
LLC Canadian
TC Digital Humanities
TC Ecocriticism and Environmental Humanities
TC Popular Culture
TC Postcolonial Studies
TM Literary and Cultural Theory
TM Literary Criticism
TM The Teaching of Literature
Recent Commons Activity
joined the group 2022 MLA Convention
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MLA 2016 SingLit: Narrative & Articulations of the Public
Joanne Leow is an Assistant Professor in the Department of English at the University of Saskatchewan. Her research and teaching interests are in the fields of decolonizing literatures, postcolonial studies, urbanism, ecocriticism, and Asian/Asian North American literatures. She has published on Southeast Asian literature and film, and diasporic North American literature in the Journal of Commonwealth Literature, Canadian Literature, Studies in Canadian Literature, Journal of Postcolonial Writing and Journal of Asian American Studies. She is currently at work on two major research projects. The first is a book manuscript entitled Unmapping Authoritarianism: Urban Space and Cultural Production in Contemporary Singapore. She is also embarking on a multi-site study of futuristic waterfront developments and speculative cultural texts from Singapore, Hong Kong, Vancouver, and Dubai. This second project, which she began during her SSHRC postdoctoral fellowship at McMaster University, is entitled "Water, Sand, Steel, and Glass: Urban Ecologies and Literary Speculations."
2010-2015 Ph.D. (November 2015), Department of English and Centre for Diaspora and Transnational Studies, University of Toronto
2008-2010 M.A. in Literary Studies, National University of Singapore
1999-2003 B.A. (Honors) magna cum laude in International Relations and Comparative Literature, Brown University
The Sinophone Bookstore and the Malayan Kampong (MLA 2016 SingLit: Narrative & Articulations of the Public, 2015-12-17)
Singapore: Literature, Narrative, and Articulations of the Public (MLA 2016 SingLit: Narrative & Articulations of the Public, 2015-12-09)
@joanne_leow


text:
Brooklyn developer accused of swindling vulnerable homeowners out of valuable properties
By Noah Goldberg
Who is Brooklyn real estate developer Yuval Golan?
Depends on who you ask. Golan is alternately lionized as the borough's "savviest" businessman — or denounced as a fraudster duping vulnerable New Yorkers out of suddenly valuable properties.
Golan, owner of pricey homes across Kings County, was sued at least five times since 2005 for allegedly taking advantage of sellers.
The 44-year-old Golan has often targeted vulnerable elderly people, persuading them to sign contracts without a lawyer while offering obscenely low prices for high-priced homes, according to court records and Daily News interviews with his accusers.
"Yuval tricks people," said Ellen Harris, who joined her brother in a lawsuit against Golan to keep their Boerum Hill home. "If you're vulnerable in any way he'll attack you on that level. He comes off as very nice but he's sneaky."
Her brother Anthony Harris, 58, sold his half of their childhood home to the real estate developer in 2014 for $700,000 — but claims Golan still owes him $400,000 on a property with an estimated value of $3 million.
"I truly believe I was taken advantage of," said Harris.
Ellen Harris outside her home in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn. (Gardiner Anderson/for New York Daily News)
Golan's attorney, Garfield Heslop, says Harris signed a "purchase-money mortgage" that allows Golan to pay off the $700,000 over time. The siblings' suit is ongoing.
Harris is not alone in his angst. In another particularly jarring 2019 case, Golan bought a Prospect Heights home valued at $3.6 million for $50,000.
Surrogate Judge Margarita Lopez-Torres declared Golan's deed to the property void, rejecting the buyer's claim of obtaining the home from a woman who was the sole heir to the Carlton Ave. property.
More than a dozen people now claim in court they are the legitimate heirs to the home.
Yuval Golan
On his website, Golan writes "Unlike other buyers we will pay you top dollars that your property is worthy of. We offer a buying price that meets prevailing market rates."
Yet Lopez-Torres revoked Golan's deed to a Crown Heights home in 2018 and returned the property to its prior owner after the buyer purchased one-third of the nearly $2 million building from a woman who was terminally ill and addicted to Oxycontin, according to her family.
Golan paid just $10,000 for her share of the property.
"The alleged conveyance ... for a paltry sum of $10,000, strikes the court as subject to a claim of unconscionable conduct," wrote Lopez-Torres in her decision.
An appellate court reversed Lopez-Torres last year and returned the deed to Golan. But the judge has rescinded two other deals made by the businessman.
A judge in another case, while ruling there was no proof of fraud, said it was clear that an elderly and sickly woman was taken advantage of when Golan purchased her $450,000 Prospect Lefferts Gardens home for $200,000 less than its value in 2005.
Elderly seller Vita Vaughn was in poor health and not represented by an attorney when she signed the contract with Golan.
"That [Vaughan] was taken advantage of, there is no doubt," said Judge Thomas Aliotta in a ruling in favor of Golan in 2010. "But in the absence of proof of lack of capacity, the actual value of Ms. Vaughan's home at the time that she agreed to sell it is knowledge that she must be charged with being able to acquire."
Vaughan was admitted to a hospital two years after the sale due to advanced dementia and could not represent her own interests in the court case against Golan.
"They really destroyed her doing this," said one person who knew Vaughan.
The allegations against Golan have played out against the backdrop of a skyrocketing real estate market in some Brooklyn neighborhoods where buildings bought for next to nothing in the mid-20th century are often worth millions of dollars.
Between 2008 and 2018, for example, homes in the zip code encompassing Boerum Hill, home to the Harris building, increased in value by a median change of more than $400,000, according to a Property Shark report.
A law enforcement source said that the developer's deals do not rise to the level of criminality because the sellers signed contracts — meaning no matter how bad the deal is, it is legitimate.
Heslop says that the alleged victims of Golan's fraud are actually just experiencing "seller's remorse" after realizing they should have sold their homes for more money.
"There is not a scintilla of credible evidence that my client has acted in any way other than a savvy business sense," Heslop told The News.
Golan's portfolio includes a building in Downtown Brooklyn believed to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. He co-owns the property with his partner Samiel Hanasab, who outraged preservationists after filing papers to demolish the building last year.
Despite all his favorable deals, Golan declared bankruptcy in 2019 amid a divorce from his wife. The trustee on the case alleged he was hiding millions of dollars in real estate that he held under corporations.
But Golan's lawyer, Heslop, insisted this was just another part of his business acumen.
"Donald Trump, who is the savviest of all businessman, has filed for bankruptcy numerous times," Heslop said, comparing Golan to the former president, whose casinos have gone bankrupt in the past.


text:
Six mega Premier League deals still on the cards in final six days of transfer window | Football | Sport
The Premier League has once again led the way in terms of spending in the transfer window, as only four clubs have yet to make a signing this month. Chelsea have spent the most money in January at over £150million, bringing in the likes of Mykhaylo Mudryk, Joao Felix and Noni Madueke while clubs are unlikely to slow down after a combined spend of over £500m and several more deals are still to take place. Express Sport has looked at six huge deals that could be completed before the window slams shut.
Anthony Gordon to Newcastle
Eddie Howe and Newcastle reportedly want to bring in another forward after they allowed Chris Wood to leave on loan to Nottingham Forest, while they could take advantage of Everton's precarious financial situation and move for Anthony Gordon. The England under-21 star has emerged as one of the Magpies' top targets though they will be wary of a Chelsea hijack.
It would not be the first time that Todd Boehly and co have moved for one of their rivals' targets in January and they did have a bid of over £50m turned down in the summer for the winger.
Win a pair of tickets to the Premier League or Women's Super League match of your choosing! Enter below. CLICK HERE
Enzo Fernandez to Chelsea
Chelsea are hoping to bring in another midfielder before the window closes and look set to resume negotiations with Benfica for their Argentine World Cup star. The Blues were prepared to pay above Enzo Fernandez's £103m release clause, but Benfica informed Graham Potter's outfit that they would only let him leave if the buyout was triggered.
Chelsea were willing to spend over £103m but pay the fee to Benfica in three instalments, when the Portuguese side refused then negotiations were halted. However, Chelsea are set to resume talks and hope to thrash out a deal that will see the 22-year-old move to Stamford Bridge.
Moises Caicedo to Arsenal
Transfer expert Fabrizio Romano has claimed that Brighton midfielder Moises Caicedo is "one to watch" in the final few days of the window, as Arsenal are being kept informed regarding his situation while both Chelsea and Liverpool are interested in the Ecuadorian.
However, Caicedo would cost a significant chunk of any team's transfer budget and on Tuesday admitted he is only focused on the Seagulls. "I am focused on Brighton," Caicedo. "I am here, I'm playing every day. Things from outside don't trouble me, nor does it take that focus away because I'm focused only on here. I handle [the speculation] well. You hear rumours here and there, but I only try to be focused on the club."
Harry Kane to Manchester United
Tottenham star Harry Kane has been linked with a sensational switch to Manchester United, as he has just 18 months left on his contract in north London and may be interested in leaving the club in search of winning trophies. However, any move would likely take place in the summer rather than January and Kane has admitted that talks over a new deal will commence soon.
"I'm sure they'll be conversations over the coming months but, to be honest, I'm just focused on this season and doing my best for the team," he said after scoring the winner in Spurs' 1-0 win over Fulham on Monday. "I know there's going to be rumours, a lot of talk and speculation about my future but I'm just focused on what I can do."


mmm! I have made this and the second day you eat it is so much better because the preserves and the sauce sink into the crust and makes it gooey and amazing!
My mouth is watering just talking about it! Thank you for this recipe.
Found you through Flashback Friday, and I absolutely LOVE this idea! My child is only 6 months old, but I am looking forward to cooking with her when she gets bigger, and I'm saving this because I think it'll be a perfect thing to make together!


text:
Q: Comparing two files and printing lesser of two based on a key Content of first file:
$cat File1
KEY1,4999
KEY2,3999
KEY3,5999
KEY4,10999

Content of second file:
$cat File2
KEY1,11905
KEY2,6872
KEY3,2393
KEY4,296360

Expected output file:
 KEY1,4999
 KEY2,3999
 KEY3,2393
 KEY4,10999

Searching for a one liner command to get the expected output. Requirement here is to print lesser number for each key, by comparing two files.

A: Awk is "your friend" in this case:
awk 'BEGIN{ FS=OFS="," }
     NR==FNR{ a[$1]=$2; next }
     $1 in a{
         print $1, ($2 < a[$1]? $2 : a[$1])
     }' file1 file2

The output:
KEY1,4999
KEY2,3999
KEY3,2393
KEY4,10999

A: awk can be your friend
$ cat f1
KEY1,4999
KEY2,3999
KEY3,5999
KEY4,10999
$ cat f2
KEY1,11905
KEY2,6872
KEY3,2393
KEY4,296360
$ awk -v FS="," '{$0=($2<$4)?$1 "," $2:$3 "," $4}1' <(paste -d',' f1 f2)
KEY1,4999
KEY2,3999
KEY3,2393
KEY4,10999

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Andrea Bergia's Website
Languages opinion - part three - Javascript and Typescript
Published Sunday, Jan 22, 2023 - 1049 words, 5 minutes
languages ,
Welcome back to my mini-series about programming languages. In this post, we will talk about what is probably the world's most used programming language: JavaScript. We will also discuss TypeScript, given its relevance and usage today.
JavaScript history
JavaScript was famously invented in 1995 in 10 days, for inclusion in Netscape. Over the decades, it has been adopted by every browser and used by (more or less) every website. Eventually, with the creation of node.js, it found a place server-side as well. JavaScript interpreters, such as Spider Monkey from Mozilla, or v8 from Google, were also embedded in various applications. I worked in the early 2010s in a large C++ project, where we embedded Spider Monkey to implement some customizations for our customers, and it was a very interesting project!
Nowadays JavaScript is everywhere - from desktop applications built with Electron to smart tvs - and of course smartphones. It is probably the most used programming language in the world, and it was key in inventing JSON, which is even more ubiquitous.
In the 2010s, it went through an explosive growth phase, but it also reached maturity and a lot of new interesting features with the release of ECMAScript 6, often called "ES6". This new version of JavaScript gave the language a very modern feeling, and fixed some of its pain points. There are a lot of lists of "what's new in ES6" around, so I won't bother repeating everything, but as a quick summary we've got:
let and const
spread operators
Map and Set
It was a huge release of the language, and writing modern JS is much better than it was a decade ago. It is actually a fun language now! 😊
Tooling and frameworks
Since web developers had to live for years with Internet Explorer - whose development stopped ages ago -, for a long time people used "transpilers" like babel to write modern JS as input and get the old syntax as output. In this way, your output code could work even in older browsers. Luckily, IE is finally gone 🎉, and since the vast majority of browsers now support modern JavaScript natively, this is a lot less necessary than it used to be!
Furthermore, the huge increase in the amount of JavaScript written in a typical website led to the rise of minifiers and bundlers, such as webpack. This has been a complication for beginners, as you used to write an html page by hand and some <script src> tags, where now you have to use a complex build pipeline. Luckily, there was a rise of many amazing frameworks, that included all that setup for you.
Speaking of web frameworks, there have been a ton. JQuery was immensely popular, but it wasn't really a framework - more of a library. Backbone was one of the most used early frameworks, but I have a special place in my heart for AngularJS, which I believe helped popularize the concept of "components as custom tags" and unit testing on the frontend.
Then, of course, came React - today's de-facto standard, and one which relies a lot on modern tooling and syntax. There are of course a ton of valid alternatives, like Angular - which is pretty good in my opinion, and widely used in the enterprise -, and Vue. However, React is so popular that there are frameworks built on top of it - for example, NextJS.
If I think back on how we wrote web applications in 2010, and how we write them today… well, it has surely changed a lot (for the better)! 😅
Speaking of tools, TypeScript is surely one of the most popular. It is a new open-source language, built as a superset of JavaScript (meaning that most JavaScript is also valid TypeScript). The main feature it adds is typing - you can specify the type of variables, functions, and so on and TS will check for you that you have used them coherently. Given that JS is a weakly-typed language, with many automated conversions, a mistake with types in JS often causes silent erroneous behaviors and bugs, which you have to investigate at runtime. Adding static typing helps a lot with these errors - and can help your editor give you much better suggestions!
I find the type system of TypeScript very interesting, since it is quite powerful: it has nullability, supports union and intersection types, narrowing, and even has types such as Partial or Pick.
It was built by Microsoft and was released initially in 2012. Today, it is extremely popular - by some surveys, more than JavaScript itself! Many people have found the static types to be particularly helpful, and would not go back to writing "classic" JavaScript.
Since TS is built as a superset of JS, it means that it adopts all its modern features, such as classes or arrow functions. It also can be used very easily with other JS libraries. It includes a transpiler, that takes in input .ts and produces .js files, stripping the types' annotations while checking for types coherence.
Here is a quick example of the type annotations in play:
// Parameter type annotation
function greet(name: string) {
console.log("Hello, " + name.toUpperCase());
// In JS, this would be a runtime error if executed!
greet(42);
// TypeScript however gives us an error at compile time:
// Argument of type 'number' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
My personal opinion
If I had to start a new project today, I would use React as a web framework for the frontend part. Using Node on the backend is also pretty popular and a valid possibility, even if I feel its popularity has waned a bit in the past 3-5 years.
I also find TypeScript to be a great language. It makes web programmers a lot more productive, both by preventing bugs and by giving you fantastic suggestions and refactoring tools in your editor or IDE, up to the standard of Java. Not only I wouldn't write raw JavaScript in a new project today, but I would even recommend starting to convert old code to TypeScript, if you still aren't using it. It is pretty easy to introduce in an existing project, in my experience, and the benefits are great.


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Racing Results
Cheltenham Festival: Bob Olinger capitalises as Galopin Des Champs capsizes in Turners
Updated / Thursday, 17 Mar 2022 15:32
Jockey Paul Townend is unseated by his mount Galopin Des Champs at the last in the Turners Novices' Chase. Both horse and jockey were uninjured
Bob Olinger and Rachael Blackmore were handed victory in the Turners Novices' Chase after Galopin Des Champs took a dramatic fall at the final fence in the opener at Cheltenham.
Galopin Des Champs looked certain to land the spoils when he jumped the last well clear of Bob Olinger, but he slipped and knuckled over a stride after landing and ditched Paul Townend onto the ground.
That left 6-5 shot Bob Olinger to come home unchallenged with Busselton picking up the pieces for second place in the four-runner Grade One heat, 40 lengths behind the winner.
Until that untimely exit everything had gone to plan for Galopin Des Champs. Willie Mullins' six-year-old had jumped exuberantly in the early stages and had Bob Olinger under pressure before the race was turned on its head and the 5-6 favourite crashed out after seemingly clearing the last safely.
LAST FENCE DRAMA! 🐎
GALOPIN DES CHAMPS walked away fine from a fall at the last after handing victory to BOB OLINGER in the Turners Novices' Chase #TheFestival pic.twitter.com/iH7DvlucGh
— CheltenhamRacecourse (@CheltenhamRaces) March 17, 2022
Bob Olinger's rider Blackmore felt her mount was some way from his brilliant best, even though he added another Festival victory after winning last year's Ballymore Novices' Hurdle.
She said: "It's fantastic to win but nobody likes winning in those circumstances and it was brilliant to see Paul and Galopin Des Champs get up.
"I was happy with him, he made one or two little errors, so there's definitely room for improvement there, but four out I wasn't delighted and I thought I'd be travelling better.
"I don't know if it was the true Bob Olinger today, even coming up the hill it wasn't the fashion of last year and I was never going to catch Paul.
"It's strange emotions but unbelievable to get another winner here.
"I think he's a Gold Cup horse, he's one of the best in Henry's yard so I wouldn't be too disheartened today as I know that wasn't the true Bob, for whatever reason I don't know, but we're lucky to have him.
"The ground might have blunted him but it's just soft, jumping ground so I wouldn't use that as an excuse as he's won on heavy the last day."
Winning trainer Henry De Bromhead said: "You never want to win in those circumstances,but this game – always expect the unexpected and we're delighted to win and we need to show a bit of joy as well.
"I was surprised to see him off the bridle so soon, obviously the other one is something else. I never thought I'd see another horse do that to him.
"He made a couple of mistakes so we still have to work on the jumping, but he jumped well on the first circuit.
"He's still a work in progress, it was still only his third run over fences and he's won a Grade Three and a Grade One.
"You don't like to win a race like that, though."
Mullins reported Galopin Des Champs to be unscathed after his fall and is optimistic about what the future now holds.
He said: "He's fine. The reins just got caught around his leg and he panicked a little bit and it took a while to get it all sorted. I think Paul is probably sorer than the horse is.
"Paul just said he landed well and slipped on his next stride. We move on.
"I'm very pleased with the performance and I suppose we're getting used to horses falling at the last around here – first of all Adamant Approach and then Annie Power and Benie Des Dieux.
"It's disappointing, but we have a sound jockey and a sound horse and we live to fight another day – and I'm sure we've been on the other end of the scale as well.
"It's tough, but it looks like we could have a very special on horse on our hands.
"I'm delighted I ran him in that race because I can go back to two miles now – we can do anything we want with him.
"It has always been in the back of my mind that we could go back in trip with him."
Galopin Des Champs
Novices' Chase


Abdus Salam is a language martyr of Bangladesh who is well respected around the country. He is also known as Shaheed Abdus Salam. Salam took part in the historical Bengali Language Movement demonstration erstwhile East Bengal (now Bangladesh) on February 21, 1952. He was shot by the Pakistani police along with Abul Barkat, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed and Abdul Jabbar during the movement and died on April 7, 1952.
Abdus Salam was born on November 27, 1925, at village Laxmanpur (later renamed 'Salam Nagar'), Daganbhuiyan, Feni, East Bengal (now Bangladesh). Munshi Abdul Fazel Miah was his father and mother Daulater Nesa. His father joined the Second World War. He completed primary education at Krishnarampur Primary School. Then joined the Matubhuiyan Kalimullah Minor School and the Daganbhuiyan Kemal Ataturk High School. He dropped out from education at class 10 due to financial constraints.
After dropped out, Abdus Salam went to Kolkata looking for a job where he stayed with his cousin and her husband worked in the port of Kolkata who managed a job for Salam. He moved to Dhaka in 1947 and got a job as a record keeper at the department of industries. Salam got government accommodation in Palasi Barrack at Azimpur.
On February 21, 1952, Abdus Salam participated in the student demonstration demanding Bengali will be the state language of Pakistan despite section 144 (curfew) at the Dhaka University campus. During the movement, police opened fire and he was shot with other demonstrators. Salam was admitted to the Dhaka Medical College where he died on April 7, 1952, from his injuries. He was buried in Azimpur graveyard, Old Dhaka.
The UNESCO declared the February 21 as International Mother Language Day as he along with other three demonstrators sacrifice their life.
Abdus Salam was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2000 for his outstanding contribution during the Language Movement of 1952. In the same year, his own village Laxmanpur was renamed 'Salam Nagar' by the villagers. Feni District Stadium was named after his name as Language Martyr Salam Stadium.