Ethan Diamond quote: "This beta version of AT&T Yahoo! Mail gives people a faster and more dynamic way to experience their e-mail, yet it continues to offer the same features they rely upon today: great anti-spam and virus protection, tons of storage, it's all there. We're excited to give AT&T Yahoo! subscribers this new e-mail experience, and we look forward to receiving feedback as we continue the development process."
This beta version of AT&T Yahoo! Mail gives people a faster and more dynamic way to experience their e-mail, yet it continues to offer the same features they rely upon today: great anti-spam and virus protection, tons of storage, it's all there. We're excited to give AT&T Yahoo! subscribers this new e-mail experience, and we look forward to receiving feedback as we continue the development process.
This beta gives people a faster and more dynamic way to experience Yahoo Mail.
KAREN MAHON Subscribers will also get additional e-mail accounts and extra e-mail storage capacity.
CAMPBELL BROWN When I came on, you know we were not online? Now people can e-mail us and Lord do they e-mail us.
CURTIS LU Once we can get on top of the spam, we can address some of our internal e-mail issues.
BILL MCCLOSKEY Since we all have e-mail, it really is more efficient. One button for seven people.
LINDSEY MORDEN People should think about e-mail as something where they are archiving their lives.
KAREN MAHON Amazon sends us an e-mail, and we send the books directly to the customer.
DON MOTLEY We have no comment on the latest Culpepper e-mail.
MARK TANNER Anyone who has his e-mail client notify him anytime an e-mail comes in has already lost.
BRIAN ROGERS People don't verbalize things like this. The e-mail speaks for itself.
ALEXANDRA ROBBINS We tried to respond to every E-mail we received within three minutes.
ANDY GUENTHARD Many information workers spend a majority of their time trapped at their desk dealing with e-mail.
RICHARD COX This is mobile e-mail for the rest of us, who have normal or tiny screens.
MARK LEVITT This is e-mail from your friends and colleagues ... that is worthless.
NEIL MACDONALD Science has evolved these days and we knew that we could reach out to the world via e-mail.
ROBERT CANEVAZZI I'm trying to save the Marlins. Put your name, age, e-mail and address.
ALAA OWAINEH People send things as attachments to e-mail that have no business going out of the company.
This is the largest of all the upgrades that have ever taken place.
ETHAN DIAMOND The process of going through the inbox is much, much faster.
Others still who never read them, signs.
NEIL DIAMOND Pride is the chief cause in the decline in the number of husbands and wives.
NEIL DIAMOND Arouse the mind without resting it on anything.
NEIL DIAMOND I'd rather spend my leisure time doing what some people call my work and I call my fun.
BOB DIAMOND We're happy that you're here and that you remember us, ... Remember Me.
NEIL DIAMOND It's very difficult for me to say 'I love you' but to sing 'I love you' for me is easier.
JARED DIAMOND We think it can work because the response from consumers has been strong.
DUSTIN DIAMOND I'm not a big radio guy, I don't listen to whatever is the hip new thing.
DUSTIN DIAMOND Remove yourself from temptation. Don't even look at something if you know you shouldn't have it.
BOB DIAMOND Eat some pizza, play some Xbox, watch some TV. Gross? Maybe. Me? Yes.
JARED DIAMOND Success for an athlete follows many years of hard work and dedication.
MICHAEL DIAMOND Yauch was a gifted MC.
STEVE DIAMOND I don't know who's worse with little boys, Mario or Michael Jackson.
JARED DIAMOND a society's fate lies in its own hands and depends substantially on its own choices.
JARED DIAMOND Technology has to be invented or adopted.
RUSS DIAMOND I think that the voters fully understand what's going on here.
RUSS DIAMOND They can do it again. It?s time to take back our government.
JARED DIAMOND I believe this might just be never-ending.
RUSS DIAMOND It's a different world in Pennsylvania, and anything can happen.
RUSS DIAMOND Don?t be fooled by politicians whose only goal is self-preservation.
RUSS DIAMOND I just want to be with my family and that's it, so it makes sense.
MICHAEL DIAMOND I read that a false alarm of a tsunami in Hawaii would cost about $68 million.
LARRY DIAMOND If I ever went, I'd want to go peacefully in my sleep. I wouldn't want to plan my own death.
JARED DIAMOND Yauch was great at lacking fear.
And no one heard at all.
RUSS DIAMOND It takes courage to overthrow your government.
RUSS DIAMOND It's easy to run with no opponents.
JARED DIAMOND I'd rather spend my leisure time doing what some people call my work and I call my fun.
NEIL DIAMOND You are the sun, ... I am the moon.
JARED DIAMOND ...neither life nor history is an enterprise for those who seek simplicity and consistency.
JARED DIAMOND Life is a series of lessons in which there is never enough learned.
JARED DIAMOND I'm already writing my Oscar speech.
MIKE DIAMOND I'm left handed, but my dad taught me to play guitar right-handed.
DIAMOND SUTRA You teach people how to treat you by what you accept.
DIAMOND DRAKE I think it's very fragile. I'm very worried.
JARED DIAMOND The sport of shooting is my life.
MICHAEL DIAMOND Honestly achieved results surpass all others.
MICHAEL DIAMOND The will of the people will make 2006 a historic year.
RUSS DIAMOND We're in the middle of vetting potential candidates.
JARED DIAMOND I'm lucky. Hard work is the key, but luck plays a part.
NEIL DIAMOND It's a clear signal that Pennsylvanians have awoke from their long slumber.
NEIL DIAMOND I personally am not conscious of my accent.
JARED DIAMOND It's dangerous for both attorneys to have a wild card who thinks you can disregard the law.
JARED DIAMOND We had taken tons of pictures of Hailey ourselves, but they really weren't very good.
JARED DIAMOND Song Sung Blue took a lot of compressing and refining, and it has one of my favorite lyrics.
NEIL DIAMOND I am on sabbatical as of right now, been too busy to think of about my OWN needs as of late.
BOB DIAMOND Is it okay for a U.S. bank to pay a U.S. banker but not a U.K. bank to pay a U.S. banker?
DUSTIN DIAMOND Our music, you either get it or you don't. There's no middle ground.
HARVEY DIAMOND I thought love was more or less a giving thing.
Seems the more I gave, the less I got.


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text:
Physician Plaintiffs File Reply Brief Against ABIM
The four Internal Medicine physician Plaintiffs-Appellants filed their latest Reply Brief in the class action lawsuit against the American Board of internal Medicine (ABIM) today. That reply brief summarized the alleged tying arrangement of ABIM board certification to "Maintenance of Certification (MOC)":
"ABIM's monopoly power over certifications is undisputed. Certifications are an economic necessity for a successful medical practice. From 1936 to today ABIM certifications have assessed one thing: postgraduate medical education.
Realizing that only so much in certification fees can be extracted from new residency graduates, MOC allows ABIM not only to charge internists a one-time certification fee at the outset of their practice, but to force internists to purchase MOC by revoking their "initial" certifications if they do not, requiring them to pay inflated MOC fees throughout their entire decades-long careers. The two products are separate because, in ABIM's own words, MOC "means something different" from certifications and "speaks to the question of whether or not an internist is staying current." (¶ 53). MOC's true purpose, however, is to create a lucrative revenue stream for ABIM, resulting in hundreds of millions of dollars in new fees. (¶ 65).
There are other products—not sold by ABIM—that help internists stay current, including continuing medical education products ("CME"). (¶ 54 ("MOC serves substantially the same function as CME")).1
MOC is ABIM's fourth attempt to sell a product distinct from certifications to help keep internists current. Thousands of internists bought three previous voluntary MOC products separately from their certifications as part of ABIM's Continuous Professional Development Program ("CPD"). (¶ 25). "Grandfathers" today also purchase MOC separately from their certifications. (¶ 35). Purchases by internists of MOC, CME, and other non-ABIM CPD products to stay current, demonstrate distinct demand for those products separate from the demand for certifications. ABIM's earlier versions of MOC failed to generate the hoped-for revenue because ABIM did not revoke certifications of internists who did not buy them. That ABIM's voluntary products were unsuccessful reflected internists' preferences to buy products from others to stay current. (¶ 55). ABIM ensured, however, that MOC succeeded by tying it to "initial" certifications and making it mandatory. (emphasis mine) Plaintiffs' claims do not threaten ABIM "standards" any more than ABIM's earlier voluntary MOC products did. Plaintiffs ask only that ABIM's illegal tie be severed and that MOC once again be voluntary."
In addition, the filed brief explains the basis of the RICO claims made by the physician Plaintiff-Appellants against the ABIM:
"After ABIM was unable to generate hoped-for fees from its first three voluntary MOC products sold as part of its CPD Program, it realized it must force internists to buy MOC. ABIM did so by revoking the certifications of internists who did not buy MOC. In furtherance of its scheme, ABIM waged a campaign of fraudulent misrepresentations to deceive the public, including but not limited to hospitals and related entities, insurance companies, medical corporations and other employers, and the media, that MOC, among other things, benefits physicians, patients and the public and improves patient outcomes. As a result, ABIM has collected hundreds of millions of dollars in MOC fees under false pretenses."
Finally, in regard to the unjust enrichment claim dismissed by the earlier District Court judge:
"The district court's sole rationale for dismissing Plaintiffs' unjust enrichment claims is its conclusion that ABIM "did not 'force' Plaintiffs to purchase MOC." A-41. ABIM similarly repeats its argument that internists "chose" to "pursue and maintain their certifications." ABIM Br. 54. Plaintiffs have already debunked this argument, and clearly allege "forcing" notwithstanding the erroneous conclusions and arguments of the district court and ABIM.
ABIM points out that certifications are not required for licensure. But it does not deny certifications are required for admitting privileges, insurance, and other requirements of a successful medical practice, and accordingly are an economic necessity. Finally, the district court opinion in In re Avandia Mtkg., No. 2007-MDL-1871, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152726 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 22, 2013), does not support ABIM, as the unjust enrichment claim there failed for several reasons not pertinent here, most importantly because, unlike MOC, the purchases were voluntary. See ABIM Br. 55-56."
With this filing, it is clear that the class action lawsuit filed by working physicians against the ABIM is far from over. Read the whole Reply Brief here.
To support the physician plaintiffs in this ongoing lawsuit, consider contributing to their GoFundMe page.
Labels: ABIM, American Board of Internal Medicine, lawsuit, Maintenance of Certification, MOC
The ABIM created their discriminatory MOC policy based on "taste" for money and "lust" for power. Mandatory Moc is obviously based on "taste and lust" and not on "the law".
ABIM has a proven track record for showing a preferential taste for money and power. Circumnavigation of the law, operating on and beyond margins of what is legal and ethical. Executives from Benson to Baron developed a taste for the largess, which over billing and coerced MOC payments afforded/affords them. MOC's lust money filled/fills the political/legal war chest helping them maintain and expand their monopoly and power.
What could be more reprehensible for an "equitable" and "just" medical specialty board (all of the 24) to engage in than discrimination. Racketeering involving an educational Ponzi scheme and lining their pockets with the money to live large and engage in what any school child would call graft/corruption.
The ABIM Foundation's secret history, domicile, date of creation and money laundering over a period of 18 years
Creation of investment accounts with investments ill-suited for a non-profit organization
Loss of millions of dollars in risky investments and liquidation of assets to hide the losses
The purchase of a luxury Condo for executive use with (alleged) laundered money
The creation of ABIM/ABMS "Bureau of Investigations" headed by a double felon to destroy privacy and constitutional rights of physicians
Waging years of political campaigns destroying the autonomy of physicians
The destruction of competition through illegal spying and abuse of power and authority, misrepresentation in the courts
Illegal seizure of property and the illegal pilfering of data to persecute/prosecute perceived threats to their monopoly - individuals and companies
Selective lawsuits and sanctions against vulnerable physicians (some culled based on color, ethnic origin, immigration status)
Offshoring of money in tax advantaged/relatively debt-proof accounts for deferred executive compensation
Possible retention and payment of retired officers for shredding/selective sensitization of records
And on and on . . .
Tue Jul 28, 02:42:00 PM CDT
All this points to what any school child can plainly see. Wrongdoing and bad actors. Moneyed interests. Political activism. Propaganda and agendas that are way beyond the scope of a testing company allegedly involved in public charity.
Charity? What could be further from the truth. The ABIM is not "for the public". They are for themselves. The ABIM is not "of the profession". Everything the do and say confirms that these rent seekers are just full of themselves.
I think a jury could really see this today especially the way most other phony politicians/bureaucrats have lost the public's trust.
ABIM is a self-dealing non-profit "quality assessment" corporation that needs to obfuscate facts and put false information on its tax filing with the IRS.l They lied about the ABIM Foundation in order to help grow their political and monopoly power. Why did they lie about lobbying? Probably to hide their political activism and the fact that their CEOs are often full time politicians working for their own favored companies and partisan special interests/corporate agendas.
This lying on tax forms is part of their Achilles heel. Anyone suing the ABIM should include this lying and cheating on their tax forms in the discovery process and hit it home to a jury at trial.
Typically tax returns are fair game in establishing integrity of a company or individuals. Lying on tax returns, which the ABIM has clearly done for years is actually a spoiler for the ABIM's credibility. Lack of credibility and losing any remaining public support is one big reason ABIM cannot go to court. They need to stay out of court.
Just as in other cases involving financial and political malice and discrimination in the past (against ABIM), their legal teams will be forced to settle out of court.
In the present case against the ABIM, the 7th Circuit judge has no choice but to overturn the lower courts opinion/ruling and send this case to court. For a jury to decide.
When this case goes back to the courts and discovery begins, the ABIM risks losing even the thin ethical and legal ice on which their company skates today.
Trust is pivotal. They have lost public and professional trust. Lying on their tax returns and obfuscation/fraud regarding the self-dealing financial and political focus of their organization will destroy the ABIM when facts start coming to light.
Facts have already come to light.
Captured Client said...
Thanks for making the brief available. Wow!
Something went drastically wrong in the lower court. I read the full complaint when it was filed, and was shocked that this fully-briefed case was dismissed. It is even shocking, embarrassing in fact, when you read the latest reply/briefing. The lower court was sorely deficient in doing its proper job/due diligence. This case should not have been summarily dismissed using ABIM "talking points", but should have gone to discovery based on the law.
It appears the delay will only harm the ABIM as we saw a recent reversal of another lower court case regarding tying of products, which was appealed in the 7th circuit. The recent reversal will force the judge's hand. He has no choice but to reverse the lower court's erroneous findings and opinion.
The only chance ABIM had to prevail in this case was to get an early dismissal. Not sure how they got one so easily. But it's not the first time the courts got something so drastically wrong. The history and facts are so damning for the ABIM.
The fact that ABIM's CEO (MOC advocate) spent most of her ten years at the ABIM in Washington DC lobbying for companies she got huge payouts/kickbacks from. All in the name of "healthcare reform" that financially benefited many of the mentioned parties in the lawsuit. One wonders just how deep the corruption is and deception practiced at the ABMS and their medical boards. (And political/financial partner NQF.) The ABMS and ABIM participated in legislative capture in the passage of new legislation that was hurried through while Cassel was working for the ABIM and White House. Follow the conflicts and the money!
http://www.qualityforum.org/News_And_Resources/Press_Releases/2013/New_National_Quality_Forum_%28NQF%29_CEO_Dr__Christine_Cassel_Testifies_at_U_S__Senate_Finance_Committee_Hearing_on_June_26th.aspx
We know Dr. Christine Cassel(ABIM ID: 070402), is not participating in MOC.
Wed Jul 29, 10:19:00 AM CDT
ABIM web site( info on Dr. Christine Kassel), not participating in MOC. May be she is "Grandfather" in.
https://www.abim.org/verify-physician/Cassel-Christine-GOlLbTbsOeE=.aspx
See what is happenning in the news todaty: "NY AG sued NRA", reasons : taking millions of dollars for personal use; lobbying; or private interests; lack of skills or experience (ex-felon hired to investigate MD'S;);private air travel , violating multiple laws including false reporting of annual filings with the IRS, among other allegations.
AG: " accusing its senior leadership of violating laws governing non-profit groups, using millions from the organization's reserves for personal use and tax fraud."
I wonder if the AG from PA , can take this examples against ABIM. Also the AG from IL, to investigate ABMS.
This comment is taken from ABIM 990, page 2. It was published by Mr. Charles P. Kroll, from twitter 8/7/2020. link;
http://www.wikimoc.org/abim/990/06-30-19.pdf
The second page of ABIM 990, 4b, written statement
"ABIM'S MAINTENANCE OF CERTIFICATION (MOC) CREDENTIAL MEANS SOMETHING DIFFERENT FROM INITIAL CERTIFICATION"
They clearly have a statement on their ABIM 990 form meaning, "something different from initial certification".
More credibility for the ongoing lawsuit against them. Hopefully, the plaintiff lawyers show the judge this piece of art.
L M Muffet said...
The lawyers for the plaintiffs have already presented ABIM's own admission that MOC is a separate product.
"The two products are separate because, in ABIM's own words,
MOC "means something different" from certifications and "speaks to the
question of whether or not an internist is staying current." (¶ 53).
MOC's true purpose, however, is to create a lucrative revenue stream
for ABIM, resulting in hundreds of millions of dollars in new fees."
From the recent brief. Page 8.
http://www.medtees.com/content/Plaintiffs-AppellantsReplyBrief7_27_2020.pdf
"I wonder if the AG from PA , can take this examples against ABIM. [NYAG suing NRA.] Also the AG from IL, to investigate ABMS. Thu Aug 06, 12:39:00 PM CDT"
The DC AG is suing the NRA Foundation in a separate lawsuit announced on the same day as the NY AG's lawsuit against the NRA.
https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/510902-dc-sues-the-national-rifle-association-foundation-for-alleged
The ABIM Foundation is vulnerable to being sued for many of the same complaints co/ncerning violating non-profit rules. Lying to the IRS, being a political/corporate sock puppet, and being a piggy bank for executive compensation (cash/condo/ICE/money laundering/slush fund/propaganda etc.) are just a few of the possible complaints.
The ABMS "research" foundation has a similar function to pad the executive compensation, and so on.
ABMS MOC MATRIX said...
The Great MOC Heist (millions/billions/trillions of dollars)
Have you fed $$$/maintained ??? your MOC chip today? Maintenance is mandatory in order to work/get paid.
ABMS Solutions® a for-profit enterprise involved with data "collection"/physician tracking /data sales/publishing)
https://www.abmssolutions.com/
ABMS MOC - public safety or public fraud?
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19904543/ns/technology_and_science-security/t/chips-high-tech-aids-or-tools-big-brother/#.XzGIlyhKi00
Mon Aug 10, 01:01:00 PM CDT
Comment from twitter: NBPAS published 8/10/2020. Written on 8/7/2020 by Mr Jake Novak.
Thought the Big Tech Cartel Was Bad? Check Out This Physician Certification Giant
https://cnsnews.com/commentary/jake-novak/thought-big-tech-cartel-was-bad-check-out-physician-certification-giant
Call it naivete but there are some fundamental indisputable facts about MOC:
1) If you 'choose' to not participate, you get listed by ABIM as "Board Certified, not participating in MOC".
2) If your designation is such, you can not get hospital privileges and be on staff. If you are a hospitalist by career, this means you don't get to be a hospitalist and you don't earn income. As I am a hospitalist, I can't speak to the experience of office practice and those effects.
3) You can not be considered board certified by ANY OTHER group in the country. NBPAS is not accepted by the majority of hospitals in this country. Hence, ABIM has a MONOPOLY.
Like I said, I'm not a lawyer and as always, there's always slick arguments but this is by definition a monopoly. You suffer adverse financial consequences if you don't purchase a product that you can't get from ANYone else.
I saw a guy who was a great doc get terminated from a hospitalist program because he had difficulty passing MOC exam.
Yes, the argument is THIS SIMPLE
What does any investigation of MOC show?
MOC is one of the lynch pins in the ongoing assault on the profession of medicine and a patient's rights to care. It affects many of those rights through the powerful financial lever it give the ABMS to create an ever increasing body of propaganda involving politically and financially motivated agendas. MOC is not good for healthcare. MOC is not good for America.
ABIM's Concerning Backdoor Partnerships said...
"Deep State" Partnerships?
What is Anexinet and why does ABIM pay them so much money?
- ABIM's Data Storage Client/Partners Anexinet/AWS
Anexinet has annual revenue reported according to old online sources of over 100 million.
ABIM gave Anexinet 1.8 million in 2017/18. And many millions more in previous tax filings going back several years. That would mean that ABIM has provided a staggering amount of Anexinet's revenue. Why have physicians become a cash cow for the ABIM/ABMS and companies like Anexinet?
What is ABIM via its clients paying for, really? Who is Anexinet and what does the ABIM do with physician-owned data? The answer is we really don't have disclosures about this from either the ABIM or Anexinet or its partner Amazon Web Services.
Among other services, Anexinet provides cloud storage and data analytics to ABIM. Anexinet uses partner Amazon Web Services. That is very concerning as more and more data is put at arms length out of the control of it owners - physicians. The ABIM claims ownership through manipulative take-it-or-leave-it capture/adhesion contracts.
Amazon is another mega corporation under scrutiny for its highly aggressive monopolistic business practices and violations of client data and privacy. Just like the ABIM. These intrusions may even extend into the category of surveillance as others have warned. The ABIM needs to address such issue with its "captured clients" given that their services and negative repercussions are thrust on physicians (MOC is a core driver of political power, massive revenue streams and control of professional labor.) All violatory in nature.
Recently Amazon appointed a former NSA director to its board of directors who was exposed by major newspapers when whistle-blower Edward Snowden came forward with shocking revelations of spying/surveillance on the US public. This all appears murky and nefarious given many of the illegal/questionable acts involving surveillance and dramatic invasions of privacy which the NSA was recently and in the past cited for under the former NSA director.s leadership. In case one has not heard we are talking about the appointment on Wednesday of former NSA director General Keith Alexander to Amazon's board. Amazon Web Services has many government contracts and a lions's share of corporate accounts.
So maybe the ABIM leadership and its communications officers can inform us and the public!
https://incfact.com/company/anexinet-bluebell-pa/
Aneixinete provides cloud coverage independently or through business partner Amazon Web Servives. (AWS)
https://www.anexinet.com/blog/anexinet-achieves-advanced-partner-status-in-the-amazon-web-services-network-for-designing-managing-and-migrating-customers-to-aws/
ABMS Board Certifications: One Product or Two?
MOC and the Racist Origins of Grandfathering
Will the History of US Physician Board Certificati...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Nature - Plants/Trees
Michigan Trees, Revised and Updated
A Guide to the Trees of the Great Lakes Region
Burton V. Barnes and Warren H. Wagner, Jr.
The number-one book for tree identification in Michigan and the Great Lakes
If you buy one tree guide this year, this should be it. Now in its tenth decade of publication, Michigan Trees is the must-have reference book for anyone who wants to learn about the trees of this unique North American region. Written and illustrated in a style that appeals to botanists, ecologists, and amateur naturalists alike, Michigan Trees gives readers everything they need to know for identifying the trees of the Great Lakes.
Tree identification is a matter of knowing what characteristics to look for and where the tree is growing—its home place in the landscape. Elegant line drawings, contrasting key characters, and vegetative keys to genera and species all encourage reliable year-round identification.
The updated edition adds thirteen tree species, including three of the rarest: pumpkin ash, shumard oak, and swamp cottonwood. In addition to its new sections on fall color and hybridization, Michigan Trees calls attention to counterparts of the region's trees that are worldwide in the Northern Hemisphere. Travel in the forests of the world is fascinating; in the North American West, Europe, and east Asia you are likely to find a tree friend reminding you of home—just the names have been changed!
Since it first appeared in 1913, Michigan Trees has inspired thousands with its comprehensive scope and definitive information on trees; this new edition will surely encourage the next generation to visit and learn about the leafy inhabitants of the woods, forests, and parks of Michigan and the Great Lakes region.
Burton V. Barnes is Stephen H. Spurr Professor of Forestry in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan. He is best known for his love of field teaching and his research and publications in forest and landscape ecology.
Warren H. Wagner, Jr., was a world authority on ferns. He had been Professor Emeritus of Botany and Natural Resources at the University of Michigan and a member of the National Academy of Sciences before his death at the age of eighty in 2000.
Copyright © 2003, University of Michigan. All rights reserved.
Field Manual of Michigan Flora
Michigan Ferns and Lycophytes
The Forests of Michigan, Revised Ed.
Michigan Shrubs and Vines
DOI: 10.3998/mpub.17709
6.125 x 9.25.
125 drawings, 7 tables, 3 maps.
Available for sale worldwide
Due to the current global health event, shipping of print books may be delayed. Actual status will show in the shopping cart.
$19.95 U.S.
nature guide; Michigan; Great Lakes; Trees; identification; woods; forests


text:
Events

January

 January 1 – State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS).
 January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Queen Farida, in Cairo.
 January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam.

February

 February 4
 Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. General Werner von Fritsch is forced to resign as Commander of Chief of the German Army following accusations of homosexuality, and replaced by General Walther von Brauchitsch. Foreign Minister Baron Konstantin von Neurath is dismissed, and replaced by Joachim von Ribbentrop.
 Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first cel-animated feature in motion picture history, is released in the United States, following a premiere on December 21 of the previous year.
 February 6 – Black Sunday at Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia: 300 swimmers are dragged out to sea in 3 freak waves; 80 lifesavers save all but 5.
 February 10
 Carol II of Romania takes dictatorial powers.
 Second Sino-Japanese War: Bombing of Chongqing begins.
 February 12 – Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg of Austria meets Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater Nazi participation in the Austrian government.
 February 22 – The Battle of Teruel ends in a Nationalist victory with recapture of the city, a turning point in the Spanish Civil War.
 February 24 – A nylon bristle toothbrush becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn.

March

 March 1 – Lee Byung-chul establishes a trucking business in Daegu, Korea, which he names Samsung Trading Co, the forerunner to Samsung.
 March 3
 The Santa Ana River in California, United States, spills over its banks during a rainy winter, killing 58 people in Orange County, and causing trouble as far inland as Palm Springs.
 Sir Nevile Henderson, British Ambassador to Germany, presents a proposal to Hitler for an international consortium to rule much of Africa (in which Germany would be assigned a leading role), in exchange for a German promise never to resort to war to change her frontiers; Hitler rejects the British offer.
 March 12 – Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation is declared the following day.
 March 14 – French Premier Léon Blum reassures the Czechoslovak government that France will honor its treaty obligations to aid Czechoslovakia, in the event of a German invasion.
 March 17 – Poland presents an ultimatum to Lithuania, to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the Vilnius Region.
 March 27 – Italian mathematician Ettore Majorana disappears suddenly under mysterious circumstances, while travelling by ship from Palermo to Naples.
 March 28 – At a meeting with Hitler in Berlin, Konrad Henlein is instructed to make increasing demands concerning the status of the Sudetenland, but to avoid reaching an agreement with Czechoslovak authorities.
 March 30 – Italy's Duce Benito Mussolini is granted equal power over the Italian military to that of King Victor Emmanuel III, as First Marshal of the Empire.

April

 April 10
 Édouard Daladier becomes prime minister of France. He appoints as Foreign Minister a leading advocate of the policy of appeasement, Georges Bonnet, effectively negating Blum's reassurances of March 14.
 In a result that astonishes even Hitler, the Austrian electorate in a national referendum approves Anschluss by an overwhelming 99.73%.
 April 16 – The UK and Italy sign an agreement that sees Britain recognise Italian control of Ethiopia (formally on November 16), in return for an Italian pledge to withdraw all its 10,000 troops from Spain, at the conclusion of the civil war there.
 April 18 – Superman first appears in Action Comics #1 (cover date June). The date is established in court documents released during the legal battle over the rights to Superman (on April 18, 2018, DC Comics released Action Comics #1000).
 April 24 – Konstantin Päts becomes the first President of Estonia.

May

 May 5
 The Vatican recognizes Francisco Franco's government in Spain.
 General Ludwig Beck, Chief of the German Army's General Staff, submits a memorandum to Hitler opposing Fall Grün (Case Green), the plan for a war with Czechoslovakia, under the grounds that Germany is ill-prepared for the world war likely to result from such an attack.
 May 12 – U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull rejects the Soviet Union's offer of a joint defence pact, to counter the rise of Nazi Germany.
 May 14 – Chile withdraws from the League of Nations.
 May 19 – May Crisis 1938: Czechoslovak intelligence receives reports of menacing German military concentrations (it later appears the reports are false).
 May 20 – Czechoslovakia orders a partial mobilization of its armed forces along the German border.
 May 21 – Tsuyama massacre: Matsuo Toi kills 30 people in a village in Okayama, Japan, in the world's worst spree killing by an individual until 1982.
 May 23 – No evidence of German troop movements against Czechoslovakia is found, and the May Crisis subsides. Germany is, nevertheless, perceived to have backed down in the face of Czechoslovak mobilization and international diplomatic unity, but the issue of the future of the Sudetenland is far from resolved.
 May 25
 Spanish Civil War: Alicante is bombed by fascist rebels, resulting in 313 deaths.
 The Soviet ambassador to the United States, A. A. Troyanovsky, declares Moscow ready to defend Czechoslovakia.
 May 28 – In a conference at the Reich Chancellery, Hitler declares his decision to destroy Czechoslovakia by military force, and orders the immediate mobilization of 96 Wehrmacht divisions.
 May 30 – Hitler issues a revised directive for Fall Grün ("Case Green") - the invasion of Czechoslovakia - to be carried out by October 1, 1938.

June

 June 5 & 7 – The 1938 Yellow River flood is created by the Nationalist government in central China, breaching embankments during the early stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War, in an attempt to halt the rapid advance of Japanese forces. The flood kills at least 400,000, covers and destroys thousands of square kilometers of farmland, and shifts the mouth of the Yellow River hundreds of kilometers to the south.
 June 11 – Fire destroys 214 buildings in Ludza, Latvia.
 June 15 – László Bíró patents the ballpoint pen in Britain.
 June 19 – Italy beats Hungary 4–2, to win the 1938 FIFA World Cup.
 June 22 – Heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis knocks out Max Schmeling in the first round of their rematch, at Yankee Stadium in New York City.
 June 25 – Dr. Douglas Hyde takes office as the first President of Ireland.

July

 July – The Mauthausen concentration camp is built in Austria.
 July 1 – The South African Press Association is established, with offices in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Bloemfontein and Pretoria.
 July 3
 The steam locomotive Mallard sets the world speed record for steam, by reaching 125.88 mph on the London and North Eastern Railway.
 The last reunion of the Blue and Gray commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
 July 5 – The Non-Intervention Committee reaches an agreement to withdraw all foreign volunteers from the Spanish Civil War. The agreement is respected by most Republican International Brigades, notably those from England and the United States, but is ignored by the governments of Germany and Italy.
 July 6 – The Evian Conference on Refugees is convened in France. No country in Europe is prepared to accept Jews fleeing persecution, and the United States will take only 27,370.
 July 14 – Howard Hughes sets a new record, by completing a 91-hour airplane flight around the world.
 July 18 – Wrong Way Corrigan takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead.
 July 22 – Britain rejects a proposal from its ambassador in Berlin, Nevile Henderson, for a four-power summit on Czechoslovakia consisting of Britain, France, Germany and the U.S.S.R., as London will under no circumstances accept the U.S.S.R. as a diplomatic partner.
 July 24 – The north face of the Eiger in the Alps is first ascended.
 July 28
 1938 Greek coup d'état attempt: A revolt against the Ioannis Metaxas dictatorship in Greece is put down in Chania.
 Pan Am flying boat Hawaii Clipper disappears with 6 passengers and 9 crew members, en route from Guam to Manila.

August

 August – In the face of overwhelming Japanese military pressure, Chiang Kai-shek withdraws his government to Chungking.
 August 10 – At a secret summit with his leading generals, Hitler attacks General Beck's arguments against Fall Grün, winning the majority of his senior officers over to his point of view.
 August 18 – Colonel General Ludwig Beck, convinced that Hitler's decision to attack Czechoslovakia will lead to a general European war, resigns his position as Chief of the Army General Staff in protest.
 August 23 – Hitler, hosting a dinner on board the ocean liner Patria in Kiel Bay, tells the Regent of Hungary, Admiral Horthy, that action against Czechoslovakia is imminent and that "he who wants to sit at the table must at least help in the kitchen", a reference to Horthy's designs on Carpathian Ruthenia.

September

 September – The European crisis over German demands for annexation of the Sudeten borderland of Czechoslovakia becomes increasingly severe.
 September 5 – Czechoslovakian President Edvard Beneš invites mid-level representatives of the Sudeten Germans Hradčany Palace, to tell them he will accept whatever demands they care to make, provided the Sudetenland remains part of the Republic of Czechoslovakia.
 September 6 – What eventually proves to be the last of the "Nuremberg Rallies" begins. It draws worldwide attention because it is widely assumed that Hitler, in his closing remarks, will signal whether there will be peace with or war over Czechoslovakia.
 September 7 – The Times publishes a lead article, which calls on Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland to Germany.
 September 10 – Hermann Göring, in a speech at Nuremberg, calls the Czechs a "miserable pygmy race" who are "harassing the human race". That same evening, Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia, makes a broadcast in which he appeals for calm.
 September 12 – Hitler makes his much-anticipated closing address at Nuremberg, in which he vehemently attacks the Czech people and President Beneš. American news commentator Hans von Kaltenborn begins his famous marathon of broadcast bulletins over the CBS Radio Network, with a summation of Hitler's address.
 September 13 – The followers of Konrad Henlein begin an armed revolt against the Czechoslovak government in Sudetenland. Martial law is declared and after much bloodshed on both sides order is temporarily restored. Neville Chamberlain personally sends a telegram to Hitler, urgently requesting that they both meet.
 September 15 – Neville Chamberlain arrives in Berchtesgaden, to begin negotiations with Hitler over the Sudetenland.
 September 16 – Lord Runciman is recalled to London from Prague, in order to brief the British government on the situation in the Sudetenland.
 September 17 – Neville Chamberlain returns temporarily to London, to confer with his cabinet. The U.S.S.R. Red Army masses along the Ukrainian frontier. Rumania agrees to allow Soviet soldiers free passage across her territory to defend Czechoslovakia.
 September 18
During a meeting between Neville Chamberlain, the recently elected Premier of France, Édouard Daladier, and Daladier's Foreign Minister, Georges Bonnet, it becomes apparent that neither the British nor the French governments are prepared to go to war over the Sudetenland. The Soviet Union declares it will come to the defence of Czechoslovakia only if France honours her commitment to defend Czechoslovak independence.
Mussolini makes a speech in Trieste, Italy, where he indicates that Italy is supporting Germany in the Sudeten crisis.
 September 21
 In the early hours of the day, representatives of the French and British governments call on Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš, to tell him France and Britain will not fight Hitler if he decides to annex the Sudetenland by force. Late in the afternoon, the Czechoslovak government capitulates to the French and British demands.
 Winston Churchill warns of grave consequences to European security, if Czechoslovakia is partitioned. The same day, Soviet Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov makes a similar statement in the League of Nations.
 Following the capitulation of the Czech government to Germany's demands, both Poland and Hungary demand slices of Czech territory where their nationals reside.
 The 1938 New England hurricane in the United States strikes Long Island and southern New England, killing over 300 along the Rhode Island shoreline and 600 altogether.
 September 22
 Unable to survive the previous day's capitulation to the demands of the English and French governments, Czechoslovak premier Milan Hodža resigns. General Jan Syrový takes his place.
 Neville Chamberlain arrives in the city of Bad Godesberg, for another round of talks with Hitler over the Sudetenland crisis. Hitler raises his demands to include occupation of all German Sudeten territories by October 1. That night after a telephone conference, Chamberlain reverses himself and advises the Czechoslovaks to mobilize.
 September 23
 The Czechoslovak army mobilizes.
 As the Polish army masses along the Czech border, the Soviet Union warns Poland that if it crosses the Czech frontier, Russia will regard the 1932 non-aggression pact between the two countries as void.
 September 24
 Sir Eric Phipps, British Ambassador to France, reports to London, "all that is best in France is against war, almost at any price", being opposed only by a "small, but noisy and corrupt, war group". Phipps's report creates major doubts about the ability and/or willingness of France to go to war.
 At 1:30 AM, Adolf Hitler and Neville Chamberlain conclude their talks on the Sudetenland. Chamberlain agrees to take Hitler's demands, codified in the Godesberg Memorandum, personally to the Czech Government. The Czech Government rejects the demands, as does Chamberlain's own cabinet. The French Government also initially rejects the terms and orders a partial mobilization of the French army.
 September 25 – British Royal Navy is ordered to sea.
 September 26 – In a vitriolic speech at Berlin's Sportpalast, Hitler defies the world and implies war with Czechoslovakia will begin at any time.
 September 28 – As his self-imposed October 1 deadline for occupation of the Sudetenland approaches, Adolf Hitler invites Italian Duce Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edourd Deladier and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to one last conference in Munich. The Czechs themselves are not invited.
 September 29
 Colonel Graham Christie, former British military attaché in Berlin, is told by Carl Friedrich Goerdeler that the mobilization of the Royal Navy has badly damaged the popularity of the Nazi regime, as the German public realizes that Fall Grün is likely to cause a world war.
 Munich Agreement: German, Italian, British and French leaders agree to German demands regarding annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak government is largely excluded from the negotiations, and is not a signatory to the agreement.
 The Republic of Hatay is declared in Syria.
 September 30 – Neville Chamberlain returns to Britain from meeting with Adolf Hitler, and declares "Peace for our time".

October

 October – The Imperial Japanese Army largely overruns Canton.
 October 1 – German troops march into the Sudetenland. The Polish government gives the Czech government an ultimatum, stating that Zaolzie region must be handed over within twenty-four hours. The Czechs have little choice but to comply; Polish forces occupy Zaolzie.
 October 2
 Tiberias massacre: Arab raiders murder 19 Jewish immigrants.
 Disgusted with Neville Chamberlain's conduct at Munich, Duff Cooper resigns his post as First Lord of the Admiralty. With his resignation, formal debate begins in the Parliament of the United Kingdom on the Munich Agreement, but with Chamberlain at the peak of his popularity, there can be little doubt His Majesty's Government will receive a vote of confidence.
 October 4 – The Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War begin withdrawing their foreign volunteers from combat, as agreed on July 5.
 October 5
Edvard Beneš, president of Czechoslovakia, resigns.
Nuremberg Laws: In Nazi Germany, Jews' passports are invalidated, and those who need a passport for emigration purposes are given one marked with the letter J ("Jude" – "Jew").
 October 16 – Winston Churchill, in a broadcast address to the United States, condemns the Munich Agreement as a defeat, and calls upon America and western Europe to prepare for armed resistance against Hitler.
 October 18 – The German government expels 12,000 Polish Jews living in Germany; the Polish government accepts 4,000 and refuses admittance to the remaining 8,000, who are forced to live in the no-man's land on the German-Polish frontier.
 October 21 – In direct contravention of the recently signed Munich Agreement, Adolf Hitler circulates among his high command a secret memorandum stating that they should prepare for the "liquidation of the rest of Czechoslovakia" and the occupation of Memel.
 October 24
 French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet carries out a major purge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, dismissing or exiling a number of anti-appeasement officials such as Pierre Comert and René Massigli.
 At a "friendly luncheon" in Berchtesgaden, German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop tells Józef Lipski, the Polish ambassador to Germany, that the Free City of Danzig must return to Germany, that the Germans must be given extraterritorial rights in the Polish Corridor, and that Poland must sign the Anti-Comintern Pact.
 October 27 – DuPont announces a name for its new synthetic yarn: "nylon".

November

 November 2 – Arising from The Munich Agreement, Hungary is "awarded" the Felvidek region of South Slovakia and Ruthenia.
 November 7 – Ernst vom Rath, the Third Secretary at the German Embassy in Paris, is assassinated by Herschel Grynszpan.
 November 9 – Holocaust – Kristallnacht: In Germany, the "night of broken glass" begins as Nazi activists and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses (the all night affair sees 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 synagogues burned, 91 Jews killed and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested).
 November 10 – İsmet İnönü becomes the second president of Turkey.
 November 11 – Celâl Bayar forms the new government of Turkey (10th government; Celal Bayar had served twice as a prime minister).
 November 12 – French Finance Minister Paul Reynaud brings into effect a series of laws aiming at improving French productivity (thus aiming to undo the economic weaknesses which led to Munich), and undoes most of the economic and social laws of the Popular Front.
 November 16 – LSD is first synthesized by Albert Hofmann from ergotamine, at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.
 November 18 – Trade union members elect John L. Lewis, as the first president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations in the United States.
 November 25 – French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet informs Léon Noël, the French Ambassador to Poland, that France should find an excuse for terminating the 1921 Franco-Polish alliance.
 November 30
 The Czechoslovak parliament elects Emil Hácha as the new president of Czechoslovakia.
 Benito Mussolini and his Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, order "spontaneous" demonstrations in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, demanding that France cede Tunisia, Nice, Corsica and French Somaliland to Italy. This begins an acute crisis in Franco-Italian relations, that lasts until March 1939.
 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Romanian fascist Iron Guard, is murdered on the orders of King Carol II of Romania. Officially, Codreanu and the 13 other Iron Guard leaders are "shot while trying to escape".
 A general strike is called in France by the French Communist Party, to protest the laws of November 12.

December

 December
 President Roosevelt agrees to loan $25 million to Chiang Kai-shek, cementing the Sino-American relationship and angering the Japanese government.
 Adolf Hitler is Time magazine's "Man of the Year", as the most influential person of the year.
 December 1 – Slovakia is granted the status of an autonomous state, under Catholic priest Fr. Joseph Tiso.
 December 6 – German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop visits Paris, where he is allegedly informed by French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet that France now recognizes all of Eastern Europe as being in Germany's exclusive sphere of influence. Bonnet's alleged statement (he subsequently always denies making the remark) to Ribbentrop is a major factor in German policy in 1939.
 December 11 – Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election: The opposition gains votes but not seats.
 December 13 – The Neuengamme concentration camp opens near Hamburg.
 December 15 – The Netherlands closes its border to refugees.
 December 17 – Otto Hahn discovers the nuclear fission of uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear power, which marks the beginning of the Atomic Age.
 December 23 – A coelacanth, a fish thought to have been extinct, is caught off the coast of South Africa, near the Chalumna River.
 December 24 – Leading Korean dancer Choi Seung-hee arrives in Le Havre, France after her tour in the United States. This is to begin her European tour in France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands. She is the first Korean Wave entertainer.
 December 27 – A massive avalanche of snow hits a construction worker dormitory site in Kurobe, Japan, killing 87 people.

Date unknown
 Majlis Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya is established by Khalifat-ul Masih II, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, the second Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
 The Walther P38 pistol design is agreed to by the German military.
 The last Schomburgk's deer in the wild is said to have been killed.
 Herbert E. Ives and G. R. Stilwell execute the Ives–Stilwell experiment, showing that ions radiate at frequencies affected by their motion.

Births

January–February

 January 1 – Frank Langella, American actor
 January 2
 Goh Kun, Korean politician, Mayor of Seoul and 31st Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (South Korea)
 Bohumil Nemecek, Czechoslovakian Olympic boxer (d. 2010)
 January 4 – Mohamed Rahmat ("Tok Mat"), Malaysian politician (d. 2010)
 January 5
 King Juan Carlos I of Spain
 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Kenyan writer
 January 7 – Roland Topor, French illustrator (d. 1997)
 January 10 – Donald Knuth, American mathematician and computer scientist
 January 13 – Shivkumar Sharma, Indian musician
 January 14
 Morihiro Hosokawa, Japanese politician, 50th Prime Minister of Japan
 Jack Jones, American singer
 Allen Toussaint, American musician, composer (d. 2015)
 January 23 – Georg Baselitz, German painter, sculptor
 January 25
 Etta James, African-American singer (d. 2012)
 Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese manga artist, father of "Henshin Heroes" (d. 1998)
 Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, poet and actor (d. 1980)
 January 28 – Tomas Lindahl, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 January 29 – Shuji Tsurumi, Japanese men's artistic gymnast
 January 30 – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (d. 2016)
 January 31 – Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
 February 1 – Sherman Hemsley, African-American comedian and actor (d. 2012)
 February 2 – Pilar Pellicer, Mexican actress (d. 2020)
 February 3 – Emile Griffith, American welterweight boxer (d. 2013)
 February 11 – Mohammed Gammoudi, Tunisian Olympic athlete
 February 12 – Judy Blume, American author
 February 13 – Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
 February 18 – István Szabó, Hungarian film director
 February 24
 James Farentino, American actor (d. 2012)
 Phil Knight, American sportswear entrepreneur
 February 25 – Herb Elliott, Australian runner
 February 27 – Pascale Petit, French actress

March–April

 March 1 – Tufuga Efi, Samoa political figure, 3rd Prime Minister of Samoa and O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
 March 2 – Ricardo Lagos Escobar, President of Chile
 March 4
 Alpha Condé, 4th President of Guinea
 Paula Prentiss, American actress
 March 5 – Fred Williamson, American football player and actor
 March 7 – David Baltimore, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
 March 12 – Dumitru Fărcaș, Romanian tárogató player (d. 2018)
 March 14 – Árpád Orbán, Hungarian footballer (d. 2008)
 March 17
 Rudolf Nureyev, Russian-born dancer, choreographer (d. 1993)
 Keith O'Brien, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Edinburgh (d. 2018)
 March 18
 Timo Mäkinen, Finnish racing driver (d. 2017)
 Shashi Kapoor, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 2017)
 March 21 – Luigi Tenco, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 1967)
 March 24 – David Irving, English author and Holocaust denier
 March 25 – Hoyt Axton, American country music singer, songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
 March 26 – Anthony James Leggett, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
 March 30 – Klaus Schwab, German economist, founder of the World Economic Forum
 March 31 – Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician (d. 2019)
 April 7 – Freddie Hubbard, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2008)
 April 8 – Kofi Annan, Ghanaian Secretary-General of the United Nations, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2018)
 April 10 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician (d. 2010)
 April 11 – Kurt Moll, German bass (d. 2017)
 April 15 – Claudia Cardinale, Tunisian-born Italian actress
 April 16 – Kasdi Merbah, Algerian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Algeria (d. 1993)
 April 20 – Betty Cuthbert, Australian track athlete (d. 2017)
 April 22 – Issey Miyake, Japanese fashion designer (d. 2022)
 April 26
 Giovanni Benvenuti, Italian Olympic boxer
 Duane Eddy, American rock guitarist
 April 28 – Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995)
 April 29 – Bernard Madoff, American financial fraudster (d. 2021)
 April 30 – Larry Niven, American author

May–June

 May 2 – King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (d. 1996)
 May 13 – Giuliano Amato, 48th Prime Minister of Italy
 May 16 – Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian literature critic, television host and sexologist (d. 2018)
 May 19 – Girish Karnad, Indian actor, screenwriter and playwright (d. 2019)
 May 22 – Susan Strasberg, American actress (d. 1999)
 May 24 – Prince Buster, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
 May 26
 William Bolcom, American composer and arranger
 Teresa Stratas, Canadian operatic soprano
 May 28 – Jerry West, American basketball player and executive
 June 2 – Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld, Princess of Sweden
 June 5 – Karin Balzer, German athlete (d. 2019)
 June 24 – Abulfaz Elchibey, Azerbaijani political figure, 2nd President of Azerbaijan (d. 2000)
 June 26 – Maria Velho da Costa, Portuguese writer
 June 30 – Billy Mills, American Olympic athlete

July–August

 July 1 – Hariprasad Chaurasia, Indian classical flutist
 July 3
 Bolo Yeung, Hong Kong actor
 Sjaak Swart, Dutch footballer
 July 4 – Bill Withers, African-American singer-songwriter (d. 2020)
 July 7 – Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Botswana politician
 July 9 – Brian Dennehy, American actor (d. 2020)
 July 15 – Enrique Figuerola, Cuban sprinter
 July 18 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director
 July 19 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
 July 20
 Diana Rigg, English actress (d. 2020)
 Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
 July 21 – Janet Reno, American lawyer, U.S. Attorney General under Bill Clinton (d. 2016)
 July 22 – Terence Stamp, English actor
 July 27 – Gary Gygax, American author, game designer (d. 2008)
 July 28
 Luis Aragonés, Spanish football player, manager (d. 2014)
 Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru
 Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
 July 29 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American journalist (d. 2005)
 August 1 – Edward Sokoine, 2nd Prime Minister of Tanzania (d. 1984)
 August 3 – Sir Terry Wogan, Irish radio broadcaster, television presenter/personality (d. 2016)
 August 4 – Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Zairian politician (d. 2003)
 August 8
 Otto Rehhagel, German football player, manager
 Connie Stevens, American actress, singer and businesswoman
 August 9
 Michèle Girardon, French actress (d. 1975)
 Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine
 Rod Laver, Australian tennis player
 August 14 – Bennie Muller, Dutch footballer
 August 15 – Stephen Breyer, former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
 August 16 – Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, 8th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. 2020)
 August 19
 Valentin Mankin, Ukrainian Soviet sailor, Olympic triple champion and silver medalist (d. 2014)
 Diana Muldaur, American actress
 August 20
Jacqueline Andere, Mexican actress
Alain Vivien, French politician
 August 21 – Kenny Rogers, American country singer (d. 2020)
 August 24 – Halldór Blöndal, Icelandic politician
 August 28 – Paul Martin, 21st Prime Minister of Canada
 August 29 – Elliott Gould, American actor

September–October

 September 1 – Alan Dershowitz, American lawyer and academic
 September 2 – Giuliano Gemma, Italian actor (d. 2013)
 September 3 – Ryōji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel laureate
 September 6 – Dennis Oppenheim, American artist (d. 2011)
 September 10 – Tomasi Puapua, Tuvaluan politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Tuvalu and 6th Governor-General of Tuvalu
 September 23 – Romy Schneider, German-French actress (d. 1982)
 September 25
 Celestino Rocha da Costa, 2nd Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (d. 2010)
 Jonathan Motzfeldt, Prime Minister of Greenland (d. 2010)
 September 28 – Ben E. King, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
 September 29 – Wim Kok, Dutch politician, 48th Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1994 until 2002 (d. 2018)
 October 1 – Stella Stevens, American actress and model (d. 2023)
 October 3
 Eddie Cochran, American rock and roll singer (d. 1960)
 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Peruvian entrepreneur and politician, 66th President of Peru
 October 4 – Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
 October 8 – Bronislovas Lubys, 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d. 2011)
 October 14 – Farah Diba, Empress of Iran
 October 15 – Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician, activist (d. 1997)
 October 16 – Nico, German-American singer (d. 1988)
 October 17 – Evel Knievel, American motorcycle daredevil (d. 2007)
 October 18 – Dawn Wells, American actress (d. 2020)
 October 22
Derek Jacobi, English actor and director
Christopher Lloyd, American actor
 October 29
 Ralph Bakshi, Israeli cartoonist, film director, and video producer
 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 24th President of Liberia
 October 30 – Ed Lauter, American actor (d. 2013)

November–December

 November 2
 Pat Buchanan, American conservative political operative, journalist, pundit and one-time presidential candidate
 Queen Sofía of Spain
 November 5
 Joe Dassin, French singer (d. 1980)
 Ionatana Ionatana, 5th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (d. 2000)
 César Luis Menotti, Argentine football coach
 November 8 – Satch Sanders, American basketball player
 November 12 – Benjamin Mkapa, 3rd President of Tanzania (d. 2020)
 November 13 – Jean Seberg, American actress (d. 1979)
 November 16 – Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)
 November 17 – Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian folk singer
 November 18
 Ahmad Obeidat, Prime Minister of Jordan
 Norbert Ratsirahonana, 9th Prime Minister of Madagascar
 November 19 – Ted Turner, American entrepreneur
 November 20 – Dick Smothers, American actor and comedian
 November 21 – Helen, Indian actress and dancer
 November 24 – Oscar Robertson, African-American basketball player
 November 26 – Porter Goss, American politician, Central Intelligence Agency director
 December 5 – J. J. Cale, American singer-songwriter, guitarist (d. 2013)
 December 8 – John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor, President of Ghana
 December 13 – Heino, German singer
 December 15 – Juan Carlos Wasmosy, 48th President of Paraguay
 December 16 – Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress
 December 17 – Peter Snell, New Zealand athlete (d. 2019)
 December 23 – Bob Kahn, American Internet pioneer
 December 28 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician, President (d. 1999)
 December 29 – Jon Voight, American actor

Date unknown
 Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President of Mauritania (d. 2020)
 Tafazzul Haque Habiganji, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician (d. 2020)

Deaths

January

 January 2 – Henry Victor Deligny, French general (b. 1855)
 January 3 – Arturo Berutti, Argentinian composer (b. 1862)
 January 4 – Paola Drigo, Italian novelist (b. 1876)
 January 5 – Karel Baxa, Czechoslovakian politician (b. 1863)
 January 8 – Christian Rohlfs, German painter (b. 1849)
 January 9 – Johnny Gruelle, American cartoonist and children's book author (b. 1880)
 January 11 – Isidore Konti, Austrian-born Hungarian sculptor (b. 1862)
 January 17 – Vladimir Beneshevich, Soviet scholar, martyr (executed) (b. 1874)
 January 20
Émile Cohl, French caricaturist, animator (b. 1857)
Liu Xiang, Chinese general (b. 1890)
 January 21 – Georges Méliès, French film director (b. 1861)
 January 22 – Sergei Buturlin, Soviet ornithologist (b. 1872)
 January 23 – J. P. Dahlén, Swedish worker, politician (b. 1881)
 January 28 – Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (b. 1909)
 January 29 – Armando Palacio Valdés, Spanish writer (b. 1853)
 January 31 – Marcella Cosgrave, Irish nationalist leader (b. 1873)

February

 February 6 – George Auriol, French poet (b. 1863)
 February 7 – Harvey Firestone, American tire manufacturer (b. 1868)
 February 8 – Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark (b. 1872)
 February 9 – Arturo Caprotti, Italian engineer, architect (b. 1881)
 February 11 – Kazimierz Twardowski, Polish philosopher, logician (b. 1866)
 February 16 – Hal De Forrest, Portuguese-born American actor (b. 1862)
 February 18 – Leopoldo Lugones, Argentine writer, journalist (b. 1874)
 February 19 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (b. 1877)
 February 21 – Matvei Petrovich Bronstein, Soviet physicist (executed) (b. 1906)

March

 March 1 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
 March 2 – William Blomfield, New Zealand cartoonist (b. 1866)
 March 7 – Andreas Michalakopoulos, Greek politician, 47th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
 March 10 – Ahn Changho, Korean independence activist (b. 1878)
 March 12 – Lyda Roberti, Polish actress (b. 1906)
 March 13
 Cevat Çobanlı, Ottoman military commander, Turkish army officer (b. 1870)
 Clarence Darrow, American attorney (b. 1857)
 March 14 – Wang Mingzhang, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1893)
 March 15
 Alexei Rykov, Premier of Russia and Premier of the Soviet Union (executed) (b. 1881)
 Nikolai Bukharin, Soviet politician (executed) (b. 1888)
Genrikh Yagoda, Soviet police and intelligence official (executed) (b. 1891)
 March 18 – Lidia Charskaya, Soviet actress, writer (b. 1875)
 March 19 – Magzhan Zhumabayev, Soviet writer, pedagogue (b. 1893)
 March 20
 Martin Burrell, Canadian politician (b. 1858)
 Aleksandar Malinov, 17th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1867)
 March 26 – Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Indian writer, dramatist, novelist, poet and editor (b. 1864)
 March 27
 William Stern, German psychologist, philosopher (b. 1871)
 Helen M. Winslow, American editor, author, and publisher (b. 1851)
 March 28 – Zheng Xiaoxu, Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher, first Prime Minister of Manchukuo (b. 1860)
 March 29 – Marcel Bloch, Swiss aviator (b. 1890)

April

 April 1 – Louis-Henri Foreau, French painter (b. 1866)
 April 6 – Khoren I of Armenia, Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church and patriarch (b. 1873)
 April 8 – King Oliver, American jazz musician (b. 1885)
 April 9 – Manuel Carrasco Formiguera, Spanish lawyer, politician (b. 1890)
 April 12 – Feodor Chaliapin, Soviet bass (b. 1873)
 April 14 – Gillis Grafström, Swedish figure skater (b. 1893)
 April 15 – César Vallejo, Peruvian poet (b. 1892)
 April 16 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer (b. 1874)
 April 17 – Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1857)
 April 21
 Sultan Majid Afandiyev, Soviet revolutionary, statesman (b. 1887)
 Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Indian philosopher, poet (b. 1877)
 April 25 – Aleksander Świętochowski, Polish writer (b. 1849)
 April 27 – Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher (b. 1859)

May

 May 4 – Carl von Ossietzky, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1889)
 May 6 – Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, British politician and Governor General of Canada (b. 1868)
 May 7 – Octavian Goga, 37th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1881)
 May 9 – Thomas B. Thrige, Danish industrialist (b. 1866)
 May 10
Benjamin Abrahão Botto, Brazilian photographer (b. 1890)
Cary D. Landis, American attorney and politician (b. 1873)
 May 13 – Charles Édouard Guillaume, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)
 May 14 – Miguel Cabanellas, Spanish army officer (b. 1872)
 May 15 – Cao Kun, 6th President of the Republic of China (b. 1862)
 May 16
Lewis Bayly, British admiral (b. 1857)
Ivan Mrkvička, Czechoslovakian-born Bulgarian painter (b. 1856)
 May 18 – Mikhail Babushkin, Soviet polar aviator (b. 1893)
 May 22 – William Glackens, American painter (b. 1870)
 May 25 – Rafael Colliander, Finnish journalist, politician (b. 1870)
 May 26 – John Jacob Abel, American pharmacologist (b. 1857)
 May 29 – Miguel Fleta, Spanish tenor (b. 1897)

June

 June 3 – Tulio Febres Cordero, Venezuelan writer, journalist (b. 1860)
 June 4 – Oscar Bystrom, Swedish actor (b. 1857)
 June 7 – Jenő Dsida, Hungarian poet, translator (b. 1907)
 June 15 – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, German painter (b. 1880)
 June 19 – María Obligado de Soto y Calvo, Argentinian painter (b. 1857)
 June 21 – Mathilde Comont, French-born American actress (b. 1886)
 June 25 – Edith Anne Stoney, Irish physicist (b. 1869)
 June 26 – James Weldon Johnson, American author, politician, and diplomat (b. 1871)
 June 29 – Shlomo Ben-Yosef, Israeli Zionist leader (b. 1913)

July

 July 1 – Carrie Daumery, Dutch-born American actress (b. 1863)
 July 2 – Sir John James Burnet, British architect (b. 1857)
 July 4
 Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. 1881)
 Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis champion (b. 1899)
 July 9 – Benjamin N. Cardozo, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. 1870)
 July 10 – Arthur Barclay, 15th president of Liberia (b. 1854)
 July 14 – Abel Adams, Finnish producer (b. 1879)
 July 17 – Robert Wiene, German director (b. 1873)
 July 18 – Queen Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
 July 20 – George Martley Davis, Australian politician (b. 1860)
 July 24 – Pedro Figari, Uruguayan painter, writer and politician (b. 1861)
 July 25
 Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1853)
 Kōsaku Hamada, Japanese academic, archaeologist and author (b. 1881)
 July 27 – Tom Crean, Irish seaman, Antarctic explorer (b. 1877)
 July 28
 Yakov Alksnis, Soviet aviator, commander of Red Army Air Forces (executed) (b. 1897)
 Yakov Davydov, Soviet general (executed) (b. 1888)
 July 29 – Nikolai Krylenko, Russian Bolshevik and Soviet politician (executed) (b. 1885)

August

 August 2 – Edmund Dunggan, Irish-born Australian actor (b. 1862)
 August 4 – Pearl White, American actress (b. 1889)
 August 6 – Warner Oland, Swedish-born American actor (b. 1879)
 August 7 – Konstantin Stanislavsky, Soviet theatre practitioner (b. 1863)
 August 9 – Leo Frobenius, German ethnologist, archaeologist and Africanist (b. 1873)
 August 14 – Hugh Trumble, Australian test cricketer (b. 1876)
 August 16 – Robert Johnson, American blues singer (b. 1911)
 August 21 – Tomasz Dąbal, Polish activist (b. 1890)
 August 23
 Carlos Echandi, Costa Rican surgeon (b. 1900)
 Frank Hawks, American aviator (b. 1897)
 August 26 – Teodor Axentowicz, Polish-born Soviet painter (b. 1859)
 August 29 – Béla Kun, Hungarian Communist leader (b. 1886)

September

 September 1 – Nikolai Bryukhanov, Soviet statesman, political figure and People's Commissar of Finances (b. 1878)
 September 3 – Gustav Adolf Closs, German illustrator, painter (b. 1864)
 September 5 – Gheorghe Mărdărescu, Romanian general and politician (b. 1866)
 September 6 – Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg, Prince of Asturias, former heir apparent to the throne of Spain (b. 1907)
 September 8 – Cecilio Apostol, Filipino poet, laurate (b. 1877)
 September 12 – Prince Arthur of Connaught (b. 1883)
 September 15
 Yannoulis Chalepas, Greek sculptor (b. 1851)
 Thomas Wolfe, American author (b. 1900)
 September 16
 Herman Baltia, Belgian general (b. 1863)
 Valerie Bergere, French-born American actress (b. 1867)
 September 17 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (b. 1901)
 September 19 – Pauline Frederick, American actress (b. 1883)
 September 20 – Maria Teresa of St. Joseph, German Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1855)
 September 21 – Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Yugoslav writer (b. 1874)
 September 23
 Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne, French engineer, mathematician (b. 1862)
 Aurelio Giorni, Italian composer, pianist (b. 1895)
 September 24 – Silouan the Athonite, Soviet Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1866)
 September 25 – Paul Olaf Bodding, Norwegian missionary to India, creator of the Santali Latin alphabet (b. 1865)
 September 30 – Tang Shaoyi, First Premier of the Republic of China (b. 1862)

October

 October 2 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian general, politician, and 24th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1859)
 October 4 – José Luis Tejada Sorzano, Bolivian lawyer, politician and 34th President of Bolivia (b. 1882)
 October 5
 Faustina Kowalska, Polish nun and saint, the Secretary of Divine Mercy (b. 1905)
 Albert Ranft, Swedish theatre director, actor (b. 1858)
 October 12 – Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia (b. 1876)
 October 13 – E. C. Segar, American comics artist (Popeye) (b. 1894)
 October 14 – Charles Dalmas, French architect (b. 1863)
 October 17
 Eshref Frasheri, Albanian politician (b. 1874)
 Karl Kautsky, Austrian Marxist theoretician (b. 1854)
 October 19
 Niño Fidencio, Mexican Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1898)
 Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi of Japan (b. 1897)
 October 22
 Chrysostomos I of Athens, Greek priest, metropolitan (b. 1868)
 May Irwin, Canadian actress, singer (b. 1862)
 October 24 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and poet (b. 1870)
 October 25
 Raoul Bensaude, French physician (b. 1866)
 Alfonsina Storni, Argentine poet (b. 1892)
 October 27
 Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (b. 1881)
 Alma Gluck, American soprano (b. 1884)
 October 28
 Ramón Franco, Spanish aviation pioneer (b. 1896)
 Fred Kohler, American actor (b. 1888)
 October 30 – Robert Woolsey, American film comedian (b. 1888)
 October 31
 Sakari Ainali, Finnish farmer, businessman and politician (b. 1874)
 Jean Degoutte, French general, leader of World War I (b. 1866)

November

 November 4 – Jiang Baili, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1882)
 November 7 – Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia (b. 1903)
 November 9
 Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1889)
 Ernst vom Rath, German diplomat (b. 1909)
 November 10 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st Prime Minister of Turkey, 1st President of Turkey (b. c.1881)
 November 11 – Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary), first known (in the United States) asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever (b. 1869)
 November 14 – William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp, British politician and colonial governor (b. 1872)
 November 19 – Kaarlo Castren, Finnish politician, 4th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1860)
 November 20
 Arthur Elliott, South African photographer (b. 1870)
 Maud of Wales, Queen of Haakon VII of Norway (b. 1869)
 November 22 – Sahachiro Hata, Japanese bacteriologist (b. 1873)
 November 25 – Otto von Lossow, Bavarian, German general (b. 1868)
 November 30 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (executed along other Guard activists) (b. 1899)

December

 December 3 – Juho Vennola, 5th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1872)
 December 4 – Gonzalo Bilbao, Spanish painter (b. 1860)
 December 7 – Anna Marie Hahn, German-born American serial killer (b. 1907)
 December 10 – Paul Morgan, Austrian actor (b. 1886)
 December 11 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1869)
 December 14 – Maurice Emmanuel, French composer (b. 1862)
 December 15
 Antonio Rafael Barcelo, Puerto Rican lawyer, businessman and politician (b. 1868)
 Valery Chkalov, Soviet test pilot (b. 1904)
 December 20 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary leader (b. 1850)
 December 24 – Bruno Taut, German architect, urban planner (b. 1880)
 December 25
 Karel Čapek, Czech author (b. 1890)
 Theodor Fischer, German architect (b. 1862)
 December 27
 Calvin Bridges, American scientist (b. 1889)
 Osip Mandelstam, Soviet poet (b. 1891)
 Emile Vandervelde, Belgian Socialist politician (b. 1866)
 December 28 – Florence Lawrence, Canadian actress (b. 1886)
 December 29 – Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu, Romanian teacher, writer and activist (b. 1866)

Nobel Prizes

 Physics – Enrico Fermi
 Chemistry – Richard Kuhn
 Physiology or Medicine – Corneille Jean François Heymans
 Literature – Pearl S. Buck
 Peace – Nansen International Office for Refugees, Geneva

References

External links
 1938 WWII Timeline
 The 1930s Timeline: 1938 – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
 1938 – "The Fateful Year" for the Jews in Nazi Germany  - About the Holocaust- Yad Vashem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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1885. Single seat steam tricycle. Exhibit at the Musee Automobile de Vendee.
1895. Motor Tricycle (Printed back to front).
1895. Tricycle at Tunbridge Wells.
1896. De Dion-Bouton Steam Autocar (No. 12) of the 1896 Paris-Marseilles-Paris Race.
1896. The Dion Motor Tricycle.
1898. De Dion Bouton Tricycle. Exhibit at the National Automobile Museum, Mulhouse.
1899. Quadricycle. Exhibit at the Hull Street Life Museum.
1899. De Dion Bouton Type L Vis-a-vis. Single-cylinder. 513cc. Exhibit at the Manoir de L'Automobile, Loheac.
De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer operating from 1883 to 1932.
The company was founded by Comte Albert de Dion (1856-1946), George Bouton (1847-1938) and his brother-in-law Charles Trepardoux.
1899 Details of their new 3-hp car.
1907 The company was incorporated in the UK as De Dion-Bouton (1907) Ltd . Directors were Selwyn Edge (Chairman), John William Stocks (MD), Herbert Osbaldeston Duncan (MD in France), S. Van Der Bergh, W. Scott-Leafe and Arthur I. Phillips.
During World War I the company made gun parts, armoured vehicles and aero engines as well as cars and trucks.
1902 BF 19 8 hp.
1902 BM 4 8 hp.
1902 D 435 8 hp.
1902 DS 6736 8 hp.
1902 DS 6785 8 hp.
1903 BS 8277 8 hp.
1903 EL 166 8 hp.
1904 D 1612 8 hp.
1904 LE 7419 8 hp.
1904 N 1200 8 hp.
1904 6393 D 8 hp.
1901 DS 6770 24 hp. 4-cyl.
1903 BF 4679 12hp. 2-cyl.
1903 HP 2938 10 hp. 2-cyl.
1904 254 DMX 92 10 hp. 2-cyl.
1904 H 42 10 hp. 2-cyl.
c1904 EF 16 10 hp, 2-cyl.
This page was last edited on 18 July 2017, at 16:53.


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Currently viewing 61-70 of 346 articles.
SBA Expands Targeted EIDL Pool
The SBA Administrator Isabel Guzman has announced that the agency will expand eligibility for its $25 billion cash grant program to a host of additional businesses. SBA's Targeted Economic Injury Disaster Loan Advance grant program, which provides up to $10,000 to eligible businesses as well as its Supplemental Targeted Advance program ($5,000 follow-up grants) will…
Has She Got a Deal for You!
Michigan Governor Gretchen Witmer is proposing a deal for small business owners in The Wolverine State that would put a $15/hour minimum in place for many Michigan workers. The Governor's plan would provide 3-month wage grants to businesses that agree to increase worker wages to $15 per hour with the grant paying the differential between…
IRS Issues COBRA Guidance
A few weeks ago, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released its much-anticipated guidance on an individuals premium costs and an employers tax breaks for continuation of COBRA coverage. Among the provisions in President Biden's American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) is a temporary 100% reduction in an individual's COBRA health coverage premium following either…
EEOC Updates COVID Guidance
Last Friday, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) updated its guidance regarding employers offering incentives for employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19. This latest updated guidance also clarifies issues related to whether employers can mandate employees be vaccinated before entering the workplace. Specifically, it clarifies a number of ways that employers can promote vaccinations and…
MA Mandates Emergency Paid Sick Leave
Last week, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker signed into law a bill that grants employees up to 40 hours of emergency paid sick leave (EPSL) for COVID-related illness, quarantine and vaccinations. Effective immediately upon signing through September 30, 2021 or until program funds expire, the new law (H.3702) entitles employees to the additional leave for an…
Were You Aware of House 3702?
If you weren't aware of Maine trying to end at-will employment, or that House Bill 3702 was signed into Massachusetts law last week or you don't know what its passage may mean for your Dunkin', then you would be well-advised to register now for the June 23 Northeast Regional Meeting at the Framingham Sheraton Hotel…
Labor Shortage Front and Center
Notwithstanding the record number of job openings across the country, the lure of an additional $300 in unemployment benefits continues to outweigh the value of an honest day's pay for an honest day's work for too many small businesses. In its monthly jobs report, the National Federation of Small Business (NFIB) reported that in the…
New York Launching Grant Program
As the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program and Restaurant Revitalization Funds expire or run out of funds, New York will begin accepting applications on June 10 for what the state is calling the Small Business Recovery Grant Program. The grant program, proceeds from which must go to reimbursable pandemic related expenses incurred between March 1, 2020…
It's Time!!!
As states around the country prepare to end their states of emergency and lift all restrictions on business operations, we are anxious to get back to some semblance of normal. In that vein, we will sponsor two IN-PERSON meetings next month at which, we will cover some very important and timely information. On Wednesday, June…
In-Person Protocols
Being able to deliver critical education and information to our members has been a long time coming, and at long last, it is here! We're thrilled to be getting back in the business of serving our members and all Dunkin' franchise owners with in-person programming and interactive meetings. We've all been through a lot over…


I had the pleasure of photographing Andrew's sister's wedding a decade ago (was it really that long ago??). I love it when I get to see a family again for a second wedding!
Erika and Andrew had a simple, elegant Gatsby-ish theme for their wedding. And she was gorgeous in her vintage-style gown. We kicked off the day in one of my favorite ways — location portraits with just the two of them! I love it when I get some time at the start to tell the story of the couple. Since the wedding was at the beautiful Luther Memorial Church, we chose to photograph around the UW campus near there. I think it worked out well, don't you?
We wrapped the day with an elegant reception at Cherokee Country Club.
Please enjoy some my favorite images from the day!


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Dictionary of Witchcraft - by Jacques-Albin-simon Collin de Plancy
Home / Dictionary of Witchcraft - by Jacques-Albin-simon Collin de Plancy
Dictionary of Witchcraft is a must-have resource for anyone interested in witchcraft, pagan religions, and the occult. This historical dictionary was the first reference work to seriously document superstitions, manifestations, magic, and…
Dictionary of Witchcraft is a must-have resource for anyone interested in witchcraft, pagan religions, and the occult. This historical dictionary was the first reference work to seriously document superstitions, manifestations, magic, and superstitions. The author's interest was to compile a vast amount of matter that would interest, entertain and instruct others. This dictionary was consulted by some of the greatest Romantic writers, notably by Hugo. Collin de Plancy followed the tradition of many previous demonologists of cataloguing demons by name and title of nobility, as it happened with grimoires like Pseudomonarchia Daemonum and The Lesser Key of Solomon among others. It is considered a major work documenting beings, characters, books, deeds, and causes which pertain to the manifestations and magic of trafficking with Hell; divinations, occult sciences, grimoires, marvels, errors, prejudices, traditions, folktales, the various superstitions, and generally all manner of marvelous, surprising, mysterious, and supernatural beliefs. This edition was translated and introduced by occultist Wade Baskin. Collin de Plancy (1794-1881) was a French occultist, demonologist, author, and translator. His best-known work, Dictionary of Witchcraft (Dictionnaire Infernal), was published in 1818 but didn't receive wide acclaim until 1863 when a set of 69 illustrations by Louis Breton were added. Later in life, de Plancy converted to Catholicism and focused his studies on Catholic histories and mysticisms.
Publisher: Philosophical Library
Publication Date: Jan 1, 1965


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HomeNewsLocal NewsGov. Reynolds Announces Federal Funding for School Safety, Mental Health Initiative
Gov. Reynolds Announces Federal Funding for School Safety, Mental Health Initiative
October 6, 2018 AJ Taylor Local News, News 0
Gov. Kim Reynolds announced Thursday that Iowa has received federal funding to help schools prevent and respond to acts of violence. The effort also will focus on helping students who face mental health challenges.
"I'm pleased this grant will help Iowa continue to improve safety and mental health outreach in our schools," Gov. Reynolds said. "This enhances other efforts, including new legislation to provide suicide-prevention training for educators and more flexibility to use funding for at-risk students. We are committed to expanding services for children who need help both inside and outside schools."
The initiative will bring together Iowa schools and state and local agencies through a nearly $494,000 grant through the U.S. Department of Justice's STOP School Violence Prevention and Mental Health Training Program. Thirty-three other states received funding through the program.
"This important work will help Iowa build on its comprehensive and holistic approach to school safety, which focuses on both physical safety and mental health," Iowa Department of Education Director Ryan Wise said.
Iowa's project has three objectives:
Train teachers and school employees to respond to threats of violence and to prevent violence in schools. Training content will align with school emergency plans.
Train school staff, area education agency staff, and community members to respond to students who may be struggling with mental health or addiction.
Educate students on preventing violence against themselves and others.
For the third objective, more than 2,500 student leaders will be trained to guide discussions and activities on harassment, bullying and violence in classrooms or small groups. Schools also will receive materials on suicide, mental health and violence prevention.
The Iowa Department of Education will oversee the grant program in partnership with the University of Northern Iowa Center for Violence Prevention, the Iowa Department of Public Health, and the Iowa Department of Human Services.
Forty-two schools will be chosen to participate based on geographic location and size.
"The Center for Violence Prevention at the University of Northern Iowa looks forward to partnering with the Iowa Department of Education to provide systemic, evidenced-based school violence prevention training and programming to Iowa's school districts and respective communities," Alan Heisterkamp, director of UNI's Center for Violence Prevention, said. "Engaging leadership at multiple levels within a school environment is essential to decreasing and eliminating incidents of harm and abuse."
Merlin H. Beenken
Brown to Be Buried in Thompson Today


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A night at the theater: the Sundance short film experience
Katelyn Park, Staff Reporter
There truly is nothing like going to the cinema.
The excitement that builds from strolling down a corridor with hanging art, taking a spin on dreidel-like chairs, to sitting in front of the big screen and awaiting 100 minutes of seven different films is simply its own treat. Well, perhaps you do not know this joy if you have yet to attend the annual Cleveland premiere of the 2019 Sundance Film Festival short film tour hosted by the Cinematheque at the Cleveland Institute of Art (CIA).
The film tour kicked off during the Labor Day weekend and showcased a series of seven international short films including documentaries, animation and fiction. For decades, the Sundance Film Festival Short Film Program has made it its trademark to showcase independent short films and support emerging artists, many of whom in the past have skyrocketed in fame, like Wes Anderson, Taika Waititi and Spike Jonze.
Here are titles and synopses of this year's program according to the independent film production company, IFC Films:
"sometimes, i think about dying" by Stefanie Abel Horowitz. USA, 12 min.
Fran lives a bland and lonely life, constantly thinking about dying. However, her personality shifts as she flirts with a co-worker. As their relationship develops, Fran is faced with the choice of either becoming vulnerable with this man and divulging her thoughts on dying, or remaining distant and safe.
"FAST HORSE" by Alexandra Lazarowich. Canada, 14 min.
This documentary traces the journey of Allison Red Crow, an aspiring bareback horse racer from the Siksika Nation in Alberta, Canada. The film captures Crow's first moments as a rookie, his performance at the dangerous Blackfoot bareback horse-race Indian Relay and what this race means to him.
Special Jury Award for Directing.
"Suicide by Sunlight" by Nikyatu Jusu. USA, 17 min.
Valentina is a black vampire who is protected from the sun by her melanin. She works as a nurse and blends in, but her life at home remains broken as she fights her vampire urges to regain custody of her two young daughters. The challenges of feeding and controlling rage against her ex-husband leads to trouble.
"Muteum" by A¨ggie Pak Yee Lee. Estonia, Hong Kong, 4 min.
In this cute and hilarious animation, uniform and obedient children follow their teacher as they tour some of the greatest works of art. It isn't until the teacher takes a bathroom/smoke break that her orderly students break into mischievous chaos and tamper with the art in creative and cheeky ways.
"Crude Oil" by Christopher Good. USA, 15 min.
A toxic friendship finally comes to an end once two best friends fully utilize their own respective, useless superpowers.
"The MINORS" by Robert Machoian. USA, 10 min.
A glimpse of a grandpa and his three grandsons on a summer's day. It depicts buzzing childhood, savored age and reminiscence of the past.
"Brotherhood" by Meryam Joobeur. Canada, Tunisia, Qatar, Sweden, 25 min.
A Tunisian family is suddenly reunited with their eldest son who had left for Syria to fight. The son returns home unexpectedly with his new wife. His father disapproves, which inevitably causes tension. While the eldest son and his two younger brothers take a fun trip to the beach, a bitter father makes a snap decision—a mistake that could jeopardize his family.
Independent films are greatly appreciated in Cleveland. With a quick Google search, you can find and join the "Cleveland Independent Movie Goers" meetup page with 3,470 members and links to every independent film screening around the area.
Some also prefer the short film program over the full-length program.
"The succinct and compact nature of a short film keeps you engaged because you're introduced to characters and the issue almost immediately," said fourth-year student Nsisong Udosen.
"I noticed a couple of the short films ended abruptly or at least on a cliffhanger," said a frequent moviegoer and long-time Cleveland native. "For the most part, I appreciated these because, after a quick and intense series of events, they drop you and leave the next chapter up to your imagination and also discussion."
The tour drew in a diverse crowd. The theater was mostly packed with adults and older adults, and only a few students and millennials were scattered in the mix. However, despite the generational and perhaps cultural gaps among attendees, the films had captivated and connected us all with the characters on-screen and especially with one another.
With each film, the audience shared roars of laughter, a moment of empathy or the silence of reflection. Within this unique art form and shared experience, this year's film tour reminded us of our collective humanity, as was hoped for by the Sundance Institute's founder Robert Redford who created the program to "reassert the importance of craft, story, and the human being in the art and business of making movies."