text:
A Geologic Time Scale 2004
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Fletcher, Benjamin J. Beerling, David J. Brentnall, Stuart J. and Royer, Dana L. 2005. Fossil bryophytes as recorders of ancient CO2levels: Experimental evidence and a Cretaceous case study. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 19, Issue. 3,
Tarduno, J. A. and Cottrell, R. D. 2005. Dipole strength and variation of the time-averaged reversing and nonreversing geodynamo based on Thellier analyses of single plagioclase crystals. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 110, Issue. B11,
Suzuki, Hisashi and Ishida, Shiro 2005. Japanese words equivalent to the terms Palaeogene and Neogene. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 111, Issue. 9, p. 565.
Vaughan, A. P. M. and Livermore, R. A. 2005. Episodicity of Mesozoic terrane accretion along the Pacific margin of Gondwana: implications for superplume-plate interactions. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol. 246, Issue. 1, p. 143.
Rohde, Robert A. and Muller, Richard A. 2005. Cycles in fossil diversity. Nature, Vol. 434, Issue. 7030, p. 208.
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Stamfli, Gérard M. and Kozur, Heinz W. 2006. Europe from the Variscan to the Alpine cycles. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, Vol. 32, Issue. 1, p. 57.
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McCann, T. Pascal, C. Timmerman, M.J. Krzywiec, P. López-Gómez, J. Wetzel, L. Krawczyk, C.M. Rieke, H. and Lamarche, J. 2006. Post-Variscan (end Carboniferous-Early Permian) basin evolution in Western and Central Europe. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, Vol. 32, Issue. 1, p. 355.
Kametaka, Masao 2006. Early Permian radiolarians from mudstone at Hisage in the Dai area, Nagato Tectonic Zone, Southwest Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 112, Issue. 8, p. 535.
Iwai, Masao Kondo, Yasuo Kikuchi, Naoki and Oda, Motoyoshi 2006. Overview of stratigraphy and paleontology of Pliocene Tonohama Group, Kochi Prefecture, southwest Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol. 112, Issue. Supplement, p. S27.
MURRAY, PETER F. and MEGIRIAN, DIRK 2006. Cranial morphology of the Miocene thylacinidMutpuracinus archibaldi(Thylacinidae, Marsupialia) and relationships within the Dasyuromorphia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, Vol. 30, Issue. sup1, p. 229.
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Edited by Felix M. Gradstein, Universitetet i Oslo , James G. Ogg, Purdue University, Indiana , Alan G. Smith, University of Cambridge
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Online publication date: June 2012
Print publication year: 2005
Online ISBN: 9780511536045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536045
Subjects: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Earth and Environmental Science: General Interest, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
Recommend this book
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection.
Edited by Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, Alan G. Smith
Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536045
An international team of over forty stratigraphic experts have helped to build the most up-to-date international stratigraphic framework for the Precambrian and Phanerozoic. This successor to A Geologic Time Scale 1989 by W. Brian Harland et al. (CUP 0521 387655) begins with an introduction to the theory and methodology behind the construction of the new time scale. The main part of the book is devoted to the scale itself, systematically presenting the standard subdivisions at all levels using a variety of correlation markers. Extensive use is made of isotope geochronology, geomathematics and orbital tuning to produce a standard geologic scale of unprecedented detail and accuracy with a full error analysis. A wallchart summarising the whole time scale, with paleogeographic reconstructions throughout the Phanerozoic, is included in the back of the book. The time scale will be an invaluable reference source for academic and professional researchers and students.
'The publication of A Geologic Time Scale 2004, written by an international team of 40 scientists, is a milestone in our understanding of that past, and sets the standard in stratigraphy. The situation was last reviewed in 1989, and it will be another decade at least before it is revisited. Best get your copy now.'
Source: New Scientist
'One cannot help being struck by the amount of information in this volume … a triumph of scholarship, that will serve the profession and the public well.'
Source: Episodes
'This is a volume that should be in all good geological libraries.'
Source: Geological Magazine
'The book is an inspiring leader in practical stratigraphy, its philosophical roots, and its prime product.: The Geologic Time Scale. It is a very important publication for graduate scholars, scientists, and sedimentologists, hydrogeologists, and petroleum geologists.'
Source: Environmental Geology
pp i-viii
pp ix-xi
pp xii-xiv
pp xv-xvi
pp xvii-xviii
List of abbreviations and acronyms
pp xix-xx
Part I - INTRODUCTION
pp 1-2
1 - Introduction
pp 3-19
By F. M. Gradstein
2 - Chronostratigraphy: linking time and rock
pp 20-46
By F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, A. G. Smith
Part II - CONCEPTS AND METHODS
3 - Biostratigraphy: time scales from graphic and quantitative methods
By F. M. Gradstein, R. A. Cooper, P. M. Sadler
4 - Earth's orbital parameters and cycle stratigraphy
By L. A. Hinnov
5 - The geomagnetic polarity time scale
By J. G. Ogg, A. G. Smith
6 - Radiogenic isotope geochronology
By M. Villeneuve
7 - Strontium isotope stratigraphy
pp 96-105
By J. M. McArthur, R. J. Howarth
8 - Geomathematics
pp 106-126
By F. P. Agterberg
PART III - GEOLOGIC PERIODS
9 - The Precambrian: the Archean and Proterozoic Eons
By L. J. Robb, A. H. Knoll, K. A. Plumb, G. A. Shields, H. Strauss, J. Veizer
10 - Toward a "natural" Precambrian time scale
By W. Bleeker
11 - The Cambrian Period
By J. H. Shergold, R. A. Cooper
12 - The Ordovician Period
By R. A. Cooper, P. M. Sadler
13 - The Silurian Period
By M. J. Melchin, R. A. Cooper, P. M. Sadler
14 - The Devonian Period
By M. R. House, F. M. Gradstein
15 - The Carboniferous Period
By V. Davydov, B. R. Wardlaw, F. M. Gradstein
16 - The Permian Period
By B. R. Wardlaw, V. Davydov, F. M. Gradstein
17 - The Triassic Period
By J. G. Ogg
18 - The Jurassic Period
19 - The Cretaceous Period
By J. G. Ogg, F. P. Agterberg, F. M. Gradstein
20 - The Paleogene Period
By H. P. Luterbacher, J. R. Ali, H. Brinkhuis, F. M. Gradstein, J. J. Hooker, S. Monechi, J. G. Ogg, J. Powell, U. Röhl, A. Sanfilippo, B. Schmitz
21 - The Neogene Period
By L. Lourens, F. Hilgen, N. J. Shackleton, J. Laskar, D. Wilson
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Eagle Inside a Killer Whale.
Left side where the tail depicts the Eagle's tail feathers.
This his the first piece signed with the artists Haida name.
The Eagle is the primary crest of the old Haida Clan Chiefs who were the dominant ones in the village.This Argillite carving might represent the marriage of a couple where the Eagle is the primary crest and the Killer Whale the sub crest.


Okay, I've been reading (aka skimming) my String Theory text and I had a revelation. Most of the work in the book seems to be an intermeshing of Algebraic Topology and Differential Geometry. That I can even recognize that is an impressive feat for me because I know little about either field of study.
However I am sensing something more... Is there some kind of connection between AT and DG themselves or is it simply that my String Theory text is working the two fields together?
You've heard of Nima Arkani-Hamed?
Algebraic geometry and it's applications to scattering amplitudes was a focus of his for a while.


Let it be known that on Saturday, 10 December 2005, Jasper, the New Recruit, from henceforth to be known as The Good One, slept through the night.
That's right people, my 7week and three day old baby slept from approximately 8.45pm to 5.45am.
Of course, I went to bed after midnight as there were cinnamon scrolls to be made and pastry for pecan pie to be rolled for today, so its impact was certainly lost on my "oh God I'm tired" state of mind.
He has had about three eight-hour stints, a lot of five hour stints, and it is now the norm for me to only be up with him once a night rather than twice (and by golly do you feel like DEATH when it's the twice a night routine. Now I truly understand why when I was averaging 3 wake-ups a night for OVER TWO YEARS and living on a then pathetic wage of a chef I was COMPLETELY MENTAL). But this was the longest, and it feels bad to say it, but I think it made me love him even more.
I know of course that when I go back to work and do dreadful abandoning things that will send his stress hormones through the roof and send him down a path of agressive childhood and untold trauma that will impact on his ability to forge rewarding relationships as an adult, that he will wake up on the hour every hour to ensure I haven't abandoned him even more, so you have to let me gloat Gloat GLOAT here while it lasts.


text:
Q: How about creating challenges instead of asking questions? I wonder... We want SO to be useful for programmers so we answer questions from others. But what if we come up with challenges? (With the Challenge tag) which wouldn't be just questions but small competitions between visitors to provide the best result, instead of just a single answer.
Of course, those challenges would need to have some real world value but also have an educational value. They would not be wiki's since we want people to earn reputation with their good answers, with the best ones earning the most. Furthermore, they should require reasonable short answers and not long pieces of text or code.
A question would be e.g. asking on how we could filter away certain words from a long text in C#.
It would be a challenge if we'd asked for the fastest way to filter away certain words from a long text in C#! Everyone could then supply a code snippet and others could comment about it, perhaps even improving the speed of the algorithm.

A: It's here! Since early 2011, "Code Golf & Programming Puzzles" https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/ is Area 51's Beta site. Looks pretty interesting. (Evidently since none of us were aware of it, their visibility sucks.)
However they need your participation to avoid closing, since it's been in beta for ~300 days, with low numbers. They also have their own Meta Code Golf site (bad choice of name) to discuss improvements.
It goes way beyond the code-golf category on SO itself. There are several other question categories, see this for quickly finding non-code-golf on that site.
And see this interesting proposal towards a language-neutral metric for comparing code-golf entries (verbosity disfavors Java and C).

A: I don't think SO is specifically the right forum for that. (I may be wrong, but the term might be "code golf," and we went through that phase some time ago.)
However, I think it's a nifty idea. The issues that arise are:

*

*There really will be no "right" answer, so nothing useful can be accepted

*In an SO world, anything like this would have to be community wiki or (possibly and these days!) it would get downvoted into oblivion

I think the right answer for something like this is an enterprising individual like yourself signing up for the StackExchange beta and creating it. I myself would love to see a codegolf.stackexchange.com ... :)
(See, I've even given you a name!)

A: There are a few questions out there like that. Just check the code-golf tag. But the system isnt well suited for that. There are better systems out there. Like project-euler and others.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When it comes to innovation and green growth, the bottom line is: the bottom line. Panelists at the OECD Forum session on green growth and innovation were unanimously optimistic about a greener future through innovation—as long as the market made it attractive for companies to innovate.
But according to Mikael Karlsson, president of the European Environmental Bureau, "Current pricing is not fostering sustainable development." He made the point that governments are subsidising some behaviours, such as fossil fuel consumption, while taxing those same behaviours (see: carbon taxes) later on.
Niklas Zennström, CEO and Founding Partner of Atomico Ventures, asserted that a new paradigm was needed. "When there's a change in the market, there is room for game-changing innovation," he said. "If you put a price on destroying the planet, you're going to change the status quo." Change brings opportunities, he said: entrepreneurs will grab the chance to innovate; venture capitalists will start to invest in those growth opportunities.
If businesses are worried about staying competitive as they wrestle with changing paradigms and shifting regulations—and Aho suggested that governments would be wise to formulate "smart" regulations and "smart" taxation policies to promote, rather than thwart, innovation – perhaps they needn't be. Many companies are already absorbing these changes into their DNA, and those with "sustainable" philosophies, Zennström suggests, will be competitive.


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Get to Know the OER Spark Grant Community Advisors Who Will Guide Our Work
Jun 9, 2022 | Open Educational Resources, Spark Grants
In the spirit of open and a more collaborative model of grant making, the Michelson 20MM Foundation has begun working with a committee of community advisors to guide our work. Over the past decade, grantmakers have sought to be more in step with the communities impacted by the issues we all care about. To that end, Michelson 20MM has brought together a team of campus administrators, policymakers, educators, and students to provide feedback on the 2022 Open Educational Resources (OER) Spark Grant applications and the process overall.
We would like to extend a heartfelt thank you to the dedicated OER professionals and advocates providing feedback for this grant cycle. Please join us in welcoming and celebrating the community advisors:
Richard Sebastian, PhD
Director of Open and Digital Learning for Achieving the Dream
As the Director of Open and Digital Learning for Achieving the Dream, a nonprofit supporting a national network of community colleges in achieving sustainable institutional transformation and improved outcomes for all students, Dr. Sebastian leads innovative grant projects investigating the effective and equitable implementation of OER. Specifically, his work includes open and culturally responsive pedagogy, hybrid and digital learning, as well as designing resources and services to help Achieving The Dream (ATD) colleges effectively use high-impact, open, and digital practices to support their institutional reform and student success efforts.
Throughout his career, Dr. Sebastian has worked in a variety of educational settings, from university campuses to literacy centers, in correctional institutions, manufacturing facilities, and wilderness classrooms. He received his doctorate in education from the University of Virginia and lives with his wife, son, and dogs in Richmond, VA.
Shagun Kaur
Faculty Member, Communion Studies, De Anza College
In addition to being a Communication Studies faculty member at De Anza College, Shagun Kaur also serves as a Project Facilitator for the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges Open Educational Resource Initiative. Over the past four years, she has facilitated the creation of over 30 Open Educational Resources. She also regularly conducts training on OER development, open advocacy, Universal Design for Learning, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Kaur has also created open Public Speaking courses and co-authored the open textbook, "A Survey of Human Communication," available on LibreTexts.
Kaitlyn Vitez
Higher Education Liaison, U.S. Department of Education
Kaitlyn Vitez is a liaison for the U.S. Department of Education, connecting policy experts at the Department with the wider higher education community as they seek to make college more affordable, accessible, and equitable. Previously, Kaitlyn was the higher education campaign director at the US Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), where she worked to make textbooks more affordable by writing reports exploring "inclusive" access and the rise of access codes, advising campus-based campaigns for OER, and lobbying in DC on behalf of students. She also worked as the federal government relations officer for the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), supporting faculty members in their pursuit of academic freedom and higher education reform.
Winni Zhang
Law Student, Washington and Lee University
Prior to law school, Winni Zhang was the Open Education Project Manager at SPARC where she analyzed contracts for the Automatic Textbook Billing Contract Library and assisted with the organization of the 2020 and 2021 Open Education Conference. Winni has always been invested in open education advocacy for students; during her time as the Student Body President at the University of Houston, she worked with the Provost and Dean of Libraries to start the first pilot program for open education materials and represented student needs and concerns during the implementation period. A native of Houston, Texas, she hopes to stay involved with OER initiatives throughout her career.
Leslie Kennedy, Ed.D
Assistant Vice Chancellor of Academic Technology Services in Academic and Student Affairs, California State University, Office of the Chancellor
As the Assistant Vice Chancellor of Academic Technology Services in Academic and Student Affairs at the California State University, Office of the Chancellor, Dr. Kennedy is responsible for the management, leadership, administration, and oversight of the Academic Technology Services with the goal of infusing information technology into the teaching and learning processes, research, scholarship, and creative activities. She directs the implementation of existing academic technology initiatives, administration of ATS budgets and personnel. In addition, she advises the Chancellor's Office leadership with respect to academic technology services and initiatives including library services, online education, academic software support, learning management systems, accessible technology, affordable learning solutions and web design.
We look forward to welcoming the 2022 OER Spark Grantee cohort, based on the community advisors' recommendations, in the coming weeks.
Michelson 20MM is a private, nonprofit foundation seeking to accelerate progress towards a more just world through grantmaking, operating programs, and impact investing. Co-chaired and funded by Alya and Gary Michelson, Michelson 20MM is part of the Michelson Philanthropies network of foundations.
To sign up for our newsletter, click here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dramatic pictures show wrecked taxi after driver fell asleep at the wheel with passenger inside
Azhar Iqbal first claimed he swerved to miss a fox on the A51, but later admitted he had fallen asleep
Adam Care
Ben LyonsLife Writer
The yellow Hackney cab which crashed into the trees on the A52 (Image: Derbyshire Roads Policing Unit)
Never miss a crime story with our free email updates
These dramatic photos show the aftermath of a crash caused when a taxi driver fell asleep at the wheel.
Azhar Iqbal blacked out while driving the yellow Hackney cab down on the eastbound carriageway of the A52, drifted off the road and smashed into a tree.
The car travelled through a grass verge and slip road, and ended up colliding with trees close to the M1 turn-off.
His autistic passenger was not injured in the crash, but Iqbal received a cut to his nose.
DerbyshireLive reports Iqbal originally claimed he had suffered a "medical episode" at the wheel, but later changed his story to say he had swerved across the road to avoid a fox.
He has now been disqualified for dangerous driving and had his taxi licence revoked, following the incident which took place in February last year.
At the time of the incident, Mr Iqbal told police he had suffered a "medical episode" which caused him to lose control of the taxi.
The driver travelled through this grass verge before crashing into the trees (Image: Derbyshire Roads Policing Unit)
However, during an investigation led by Derby City Council, he changed his story to say he had swerved to avoid hitting an animal.
At trial it emerged he had in fact fallen asleep, and was seen by another driver moments before the crash with his chin touching his neck and his head looking down.
A tweet from Derbyshire Roads Policing Unit revealed the dramatic photos and read: "A good result for public safety here. Taxi driver who fell asleep at the wheel but then claimed he swerved to avoid an animal.
"Disqualification from driving for 12 months and taxi licence revoked. #RoadSafety"
COURTS IN NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
150 criminals locked up in 2019
Longest sentences for Notts killers
Offenders sent to prison n December
Banged up in November
Richard Antcliff, director of Public Protection and Streetpride, added: "Partnership working between the police and ourselves is essential to keeping Derby and its residents safe.
"This prosecution and licensing committee decision shows that we will work together and take action to remove unsafe drivers from the roads."
Appearing before magistrates in Derby charged with dangerous driving, Mr Iqbal entered a guilty plea and was disqualified from driving for 12 months.
The court heard how he had worked as a taxi driver for ten years "without blemish", and now has a job at a warehouse.
His barrister David Lee told the court: "He was allowed to drive on a personal licence until today. He has lost a good, well paid job as a taxi driver.
"He had a number of long term contracts driving people around."
He said there was no "neurological explanation" for the incident and "he has to accept, therefore, on that day he was more tired and warm, and he obviously fell asleep."
Iqbal was also sentenced to a 12 month community order, 50 hours unpaid work, £500 prosecution costs and an £85 victim surcharge.
AsdaAsda customer shares surprising 'life hack' for using self-checkout tillsBethany showed viewers how she doesn't pop the coins into the slot like most of us do, and instead lifts up the black plastic surrounding to reveal a larger funnel that coins can be dispensed into.
Simulated hospital ward to be built as Nottingham College continues to expand facilities
Nottinghamshire firefighters rescue toddler after he was accidentally locked inside car
Strictly Come DancingStrictly Come Dancing's Helen Skelton forced to hide after glass bottle allegedly thrown during night out"They were innocent passers-by caught up in it


If you are coming to Bormio on holidays, during the winter season or in the middle of summer, don't miss a visit to Bormio 3000, the highest point of Bormio, easily accessible by cable-car.
The Panoramic Restaurant Heaven 3000 is the ideal place for a relaxing break, enjoying the breathtaking panorama overlooking Bormio and the neighbouring valleys. At 3012 metres above sea level, Heaven 3000 offers a wide range of services to satisfy the needs of all sportspeople, but also those who make the ascent purely to enjoy the view.
Our Bar-Restaurant is the ideal place for a break during a day of skiing, or to cool off in summer. Accessible by cable-car, it is the ideal point of departure: in winter for the unforgettable descent from 3000m down to Bormio, or the fun Freeride areas; or in summer for exploring picturesque trails on mountain bike or on foot.
Discover below all the services offered at the Panoramic Restaurant Heaven 3000.


text:
A.M.D.G. – Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (For the Greater Glory of God)
Men of Faith, Men for Others
Virtually unchanged for more than 50 years, the Jesuit uniform consists of khaki pants and shirt with a Jesuit patch on the left sleeve. Students are also required to wear black shoes and black socks, a khaki web belt, and a name tag. Further dress code details are listed in the Bulletin and through the Book Day mailing.
School Colors
Blue Jays, Jayson
Our students live in more than 50 zip codes from Abita Springs to Westwego. They come from a wide range of economic, religious, and ethnic backgrounds. This diversity is part of what gives Jesuit its strength and prepares its students to live in the world around them.
Enrollment for the 2018 – 2019 school year is 1,371 students.
Since the founding of Jesuit High School in 1847, no qualified young man has been refused admission because his family could not afford to pay all or part of the tuition. Jesuit's tuition is one of the least expensive tuitions among Catholic and private high schools in the New Orleans area.
On average, more than $850,000 in tuition assistance is provided to Jesuit families each year.
Nearly 88 percent of the Class of 2018 received academic or talent-based college scholarships.
In the past 10 years, a total of more than $220 million worth of scholarships and financial aid have been offered to Jesuit graduates by colleges and universities throughout the United States. More than 99 percent of Jesuit graduates continue on to four-year colleges.
The Class of 2018 included 35 National Merit Semifinalists, five National Hispanic Scholars, and 19 Commended Merit Scholars.
Jesuit employs 120 faculty members, 56 of which have earned advanced degrees (of those, five hold doctorate degrees in their prospective fields).
Our faculty includes eight Jesuit priests and brothers. Of our eight guidance counselors, two full-time counselors and one part-time counselor focuses exclusively on college placement.
The teacher-student ratio is 1:12; the average class size is 25 students.
Thirty-seven faculty members are alumni of Jesuit schools throughout the country. (Thirty-six are Jesuit High School of New Orleans alumni.)
Academic and Co-Curriculars
Everything at Jesuit is geared to prepare students for a successful college experience. But a day at Jesuit entails more than just the classroom. Formation – spiritual, academic, and social – is the focus of a young man's stay at Jesuit. Whether it is monthly Mass, Morning Assembly, pep rallies, or daily lunch, students at Jesuit participate together.
Jesuit has 27 Honors and 12 Advanced Placement courses
Blue Jays can choose to participate in more than 70 co-curriculars.
Student Ministry and Service
The school community gathers for Mass once a month in the school's Chapel of the North American Martyrs. In addition, daily Masses and weekly Adorations are offered on campus. Grade level retreats, days of reflection, liturgies and other forms of personal religious formation are all offered as part of Blue Jay student life.
In the 2017 – 2018 school year, nearly 40 Blue Jays served as either Student Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion or ushers at school community Masses.
The Class of 2018 volunteered more than 30,000 hours, an average of 110 hours per student, to more than 50 different programs and agencies, including local and international service projects.
In the 2017 – 2018 school year, nearly 40 upperclassmen volunteered more than 640 hours in Jesuit's after-school homework assistance program. In this program, Blue Jays assist fellow students with organizing and prioritizing homework assignments and studying for quizzes and tests.
In the summer of 2018, 30 Jesuit students volunteered to work with future Blue Jays through Operation Upgrade, an academic program for economically disadvantaged male 6th, 7th, and 8th graders. Twenty-five rising seniors, five underclassmen, and two Jesuit alumni volunteered to assisted with the program. These volunteers served more than 3,200 contact hours.
Approximately 110 Blue Jays volunteer each school year as Peer Support counselors.
Blue Jays provided food for more than 500 families as part of the annual Thanksgiving Drive in 2018.
Athletics at Jesuit High School is considered a co-curricular to the school's program of education. The athletic program provides an abundant opportunity for social, spiritual, physical, emotional, and intellectual growth for student-athletes.
Seven of Jesuit's head varsity coaches are faculty at the school.
During the 2017 – 2018 school year, Blue Jays won three state championships (two LHSAA and one competitive club sport) and five district championships.
Jesuit offers 11 LHSAA-sanctioned sports, four competitive club sports and has 36 teams overall (including junior varsity, junior high, freshman, and pre-freshman teams)
Updated August 2018


text:
Q: Sending Ajax data to Handler php I'm trying to use ajax to populate a friends list.  Here is what I have:

    <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="ViewAllFriends" name="ViewAllFriends" value="View All Friends" onclick="ajaxfriends()">

I'm sending this to the following handler ajax_load_profile_friends.php  I have here the following:
    global $con;

    if(isset($_POST['ViewAllFriends'])) {
        $username = $_POST['username'];
        //Query to run if button ViewAllFriends submitted
        $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username'");
    } else {
        //Default query limits results to 5
        $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username' LIMIT 0,5");
    }

        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($query)) {
        $row['profile_pic'];
        $row['username'];

        echo "

";

    }

For ajaxfriendsdefault() I'd like to show friends to a limit of 5.  When the View All Friends button is clicked, I'd like to display all of the users friends.
The problems - on page load the initial 5 friends do not display.  When View All Friends is clicked, only 5 display & I'm getting the following error.  Notice: Undefined variable: username in
The data username has been defined as var username = $_GET['profile_username'];  I'm certain this is the problem, but am unsure on how to correct.  If I were to define it on the page in php it would be $username = $_GET['profile_username'];  Being new to ajax I'm unclear on how to define this & send.  Help! :) I'm also not sure why the initial 5 friends aren't showing?  Shouldn't $(document).ready(function(){ fire this?

A: Change this:
var username = $_GET['profile_username'];

to this:
var username = "<?php echo($_GET['profile_username']); ?>";

try this into your ajax functions:
data: {
    'username': username
},

Instead of this:
data:username,

Into your php I think you need to get username like this:
if(isset($_POST['ViewAllFriends'])) {
        $username = $_POST['username'];
        //Query to run if button ViewAllFriends submitted
        $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username'");
    } else {
        $username = $_POST['username'];
        //Default query limits results to 5
        $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username' LIMIT 0,5");
    }

Because you don't enter into the if condition but into the else condition because $_POST['ViewAllFriends'] is not set.
Try this please
If is ok remove duplicate code and you can take $username = $_POST['username']; out of if else statement

A: you declared variable as locally remove var  from var username = <?php echo $username; ?> make variable global then you can access inside the function. second thing you need to  check first you are receiving variable or not through $_GET['profile_username'];
you can check your variable is available or not
<?php
if (isset($_GET['profile_username'])) {
    $username=$_GET['profile_username'];
    echo $username;
}
?>

then you can try like this
function ajaxfriends(){

    $.ajax({

        url:'includes/handlers/ajax_load_profile_friends.php',
        type:'POST',
        data: {
            'username': <?php echo $username; ?>
        },

        success: function(data) {
            $('#data_friends').html(data);
        }
    });
  }

and you need to change
 if(isset($_POST['username'])) {
            $username = $_POST['username'];
            //Query to run if button ViewAllFriends submitted
            $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username'");
        }

instead
if(isset($_POST['ViewAllFriends'])) {
            $username = $_POST['username'];
            //Query to run if button ViewAllFriends submitted
            $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username'");
        }

in  ajax_load_profile_friends.php and for default item body should be like this and remove else condition from  ajax_load_profile_friends.php

        <?php
        if (isset($_GET['profile_username'])) {
            $username=$_GET['profile_username'];

        //Default query limits results to 5
    $query = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM users WHERE friend_array LIKE '$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username,%' OR friend_array LIKE '%,$username' LIMIT 0,5");
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($query)) {
        $row['profile_pic'];
        $row['username'];

        echo "

";

    }
}
  ?>

    <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="ViewAllFriends" name="ViewAllFriends" value="View All Friends" onclick="ajaxfriends()">


I had the extraordinary privilege yesterday of attending one of our MA days with our Playwriting MA students. A colleague was ill and I took over some of the hosting duties. This is a delightful group of very serious, very committed students. I joined in the discussion with them and three of the visiting playwrights. Although writing plays is in many way different from writing fiction, being a writer in both cases is very similar.
This was a big message. The fact that these students are on this course is a sign already that they have some competence. They're not terrible writers. They're not yet great. But they can be and are more likely to be with continued practice. So, it's important to set aside time for writing. This time must be ring-fenced. Even on the days it is difficult, if you write you are a writer.
I've actually said all of this before. It was good to hear other "professional" writers say the same.
We're handing some of this out on a plate to our students. But keeping a finger on the pulse is essential. Find out what's happening out there. As one visitor put it, never turn down a cup of tea. There is an abundance of opportunities.
I'm small pressed published and I love it. The equivalent in playwriting is to find small theatre groups, consider doing something via You Tube or consider producing work yourself. Create your own opportunities. This leads to good lines on CVs.
One "publisher" looks as if they will accept if you totally change something which takes out the heart of your work. Another actually loves precisely this aspect but cannot at this stage make any promises. Is it here a matter of finding a third way and a third "publisher"? Been there. Done that. Several times.
Ah, the writer's life is a curious thing.


by Shenzhen Maker Works Technology Co.
Who said mastering electronics and programming can't be fun? This kit will teach you about programming a microcontroller board to control physical objects using sensors. Follow the detailed, beginner-friendly instructions to construct your choice of a robot tank or three-wheeled robot car. Then take the skills absorbed in this project and apply them to anything you think up--from a game console to a home alarm system.


text:
How to Build a Long-Form Marketing Video People Will Actually Watch (And Why You Should)
by Karen Morad
If an explainer video is the snack, a long-form documentary (think 15 minutes) is the marketing equivalent of a four-course meal.
The thing is... no content strategy can live on snackable content alone. Sometimes, you need to serve up a full meal.
First, some specifics.
"Long-form" isn't really that long. It's more like 15 minutes. But those 15 minutes can seem like an eternity when research tells us to keep our videos under 60 seconds.
So, right about now you're probably thinking any or all of the following:
"I barely watch a minute of video at a time. Why would my audience watch more?"
"I don't think we could actually fill 15 minutes."
"We barely have the budget for shorter explainers. How do I justify something longer?"
"When's lunch?"
We had those exact questions earlier this year before making our first documentary for Akamai's Gaming solutions business. Titled "The Most Awesome Game" and clocking in at 14:41, it's a behind-the-scenes look at how online games are conceived, developed, and delivered.
We lived to tell the tale, and no sooner was "The Most Awesome Game" in the can than Akamai commissioned a second documentary, this time for its mammoth media streaming business. "Revolutionaries: Voices from the OTT Frontline," is out now and showcased on Akamai's homepage.
What value did Akamai see in those projects, and why did it therefore greenlight them?
Here are four key reasons it did so, and at least some of likely apply to your own content strategy.
Why Long-Form Video
1. Three-Act Storytelling
Every campaign should tell a story, and a longer running time gives you enough time to bring your viewers through a journey with a beginning, middle, and end. In the case of "The Most Awesome Game," we told the story of how a cool idea in the mind of one developer becomes a shared global experience for millions of players. "Revolutionaries" takes viewers from postage-stamp Internet videos to new frontiers in augmented reality TV.
2. Expanded Focus
A longer running time means a bigger canvas. Long-form video lets you expand your focus beyond your core product or service to present the people, culture, and points of view that make your company unique. For example, though Akamai delivered 875 million online games in 2016, few developers or studio heads considered it a true "gaming" company. After watching "The Most Awesome Game," viewers would see a company that's keenly attuned to the passions and personalities of its key players and has a credible point of view on the entire game development process—and deep personal connections to game-development legends.
Which leads us to...
3. Demonstrate Your Expertise
Product parity puts a premium on promoting your people's expertise. Buyers need constant reassurance that they're going with the smartest option available. Key to the success of The Most Awesome Game was host Nelson Rodriguez, a lifelong gamer, gaming author, and former award-winning game marketer in his own right. Nelson's expertise shone through as brightly in his interviews as in his standups.
In addition, sales cycles, particularly in B2B technology, can be long, drawn-out affairs involving input from the IT, legal, and finance teams. With proper planning, long-form video lets you address the needs of an entire buying team within a single asset.
And finally...
4. Greater Creativity
Making a long-form video documentary gives you the opportunity to go beyond your standard typefaces and color palette to create an experience that's as visually interesting as it is informational or inspiring. Video offers nearly unlimited visual innovations and audio treatments for your creative team to play with. For example, "Revolutionaries" features abundant footage from one of the industry's largest tradeshows and "next episode" treatments inspired by Netflix. And "The Most Awesome Game" was shot at multiple locations throughout San Francisco, as scenic a backdrop as you're likely to find anywhere.
Three Major Phases of a Video Documentary
So. How do you go about creating a long-form video documentary?
We'd be lying if we said you could do it overnight. Unfortunately, you can't simply just show up, shoot stuff, and hope for the best. You need a lot of planning, a rigorous attention to detail, and a reliable team.
And coffee. Lots of it.
There are three major phases to making a video documentary: discovery (the beginning), production (the middle), and post-production (the end).
The more thorough the discovery phase, the smoother the production phase. The smoother the production, the simpler the post-production. Miss a detail in any one, and the next becomes considerably more difficult. Miss a few, and you risk jeopardizing the entire piece.
Not to scare you, or anything.
Phase 1: Discovery
The discovery phase is when you need to make all The Big Decisions about the final product. In this phase, you'll need to decide on elements such as the following :
Topic: What will the documentary be about? Be specific. Then be more specific. "We want to make a documentary" isn't good enough.
Resources: Who's going to be involved? In which roles? Make sure people understand what's required of them and the time commitment they'll need to make. No one wants to hear "I thought you were doing that" the day of a shoot.
Budget: This element can vary widely and wildly, depending on travel, crew, post-production, and myriad other considerations. A good rule of thumb would be roughly six figures, in US dollars.
Timelines: Determine the absolute drop-dead date when the doc needs to be live. Then work back from there through each step to see whether the project is even feasible. (We turned around "The Most Awesome Game" and "Revolutionaries" in about four months each.)
Viewer actions: It should be clear to all involved what you want the viewer to do after watching your doc. Clarity on this front has an impact on shooting and editing.
Phase 2: Production
This is when the camera starts to roll—in a metaphorical sense, at least, as most likely you'll be shooting on digital. Fun as this phase can be, everyone's attention must still be focused on their role in achieving a successful shoot. Here's how:
Bring an overstock of SD cards, backup hard drives, and batteries. You can't fix it in post if you don't capture it first.
Prepare run sheets for each day that outline who needs to be where, when, and how to get there. List critical phone numbers.
It's the host's job to make sure energy levels stay high and the team stays focused. Give your host a daily briefing on interview subjects, topics, and locations. Keep them hydrated. Fix their hair if need be.
Establish set etiquette. Disagreements over which camera the host should look at or which question to ask waste everyone's time and reflect poorly on you.
Phase 3: Post-Production
This is the most creative phase of the project, as it's when you start to see your story take shape. It can also be the longest. Post-production involves hours of organizing, uploading, sequencing, editing, and refining. Key activities here include the following:
Segmenting: Create online folders for each segment or chapter of your story and upload footage accordingly.
Transcribing: Get what your guests said down on paper. You'll need this file to search for that great quote later on. Transcriptions make for easy blog posts as well.
Paper cut: A sequencing of all your chosen clips, usually in spreadsheet form. Include the time codes for each clip and indicate areas for speaker voiceover.
Rough cuts: The video version of the paper cut, but without the refinements of the final product such as B-roll, music, or color correction. Use this version to see whether your story is coming through. Repeat as necessary.
Motion graphics and color correction: This is like a layer of polish applied once the story is complete. Use motion graphics to illustrate abstract points.
Final cut: The final, finished piece, complete with B-Roll, music, animations (if used), and all approvals.
That's a Wrap!
Don't kid yourself: Creating a long-form documentary is a lot of work. But the time, energy, and passion you put into it can elevate your content marketing strategy to a new level of professionalism.
The kudos you receive from your interviewees, the acknowledgement you receive from your management team, and the deeper relationships you can cultivate with your audience are all well worth the challenge.
Are you ready for your closeup?
Continue reading "How to Build a Long-Form Marketing Video People Will Actually Watch (And Why You Should)" ... Read the full article
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Karen Morad is director of content as well as client services at revenue marketing agency Demand Spring, a demand-generation consultancy that helps marketing organizations improve their ability to build and progress sales pipeline.
Linked In: Karen Cigala Morad
Twitter: @kciggy
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text:
Chaitanya's Random Pages
49+ °C temperatures in Australia
Filed under: climate and weather — ckrao @ 12:32 pm
Below is a list of recorded instances of maximum temperatures of 49 degrees Celsius or more in Australia, based on [1] and [2] from Australia's Bureau of Meteorology. Out of the 48 occasions, 22 have occurred in this decade including 8 (so far) during this summer alone! I believe all the stations have been recording temperatures for at least 20 years except Port Augusta (which started in 2001).
Temperature (°C) Date Station Name State
50.7 2-Jan-60 Oodnadatta Airport SA
50.5 19-Feb-98 Mardie WA
49.8 21-Feb-98 Emu Creek Station WA
49.8 13-Jan-79 Forrest Aero WA
49.8 3-Jan-79 Mundrabilla Station WA
49.7 10-Jan-39 Menindee Post Office NSW
49.6 12-Jan-13 Moomba Airport SA
49.5 24-Jan-19 Port Augusta Aero SA
49.5 24-Dec-72 Birdsville Police Station QLD
49.4 21-Dec-11 Roebourne WA
49.4 7-Jan-71 Madura Station WA
49.4 2-Jan-60 Marree Comparison SA
49.4 2-Jan-60 Whyalla (Norrie) SA
49.3 27-Dec-18 Marble Bar WA
49.3 2-Jan-14 Moomba Airport SA
49.3 9-Jan-39 Kyancutta SA
49.2 24-Jan-19 Kyancutta SA
49.2 21-Feb-15 Roebourne Aero WA
49.2 10-Jan-14 Emu Creek Station WA
49.2 22-Dec-11 Onslow Airport WA
49.2 1-Jan-10 Onslow WA
49.2 11-Jan-08 Onslow WA
49.2 9-Feb-77 Mardie WA
49.2 3-Jan-22 Marble Bar Comparison WA
49.2 11-Jan-05 Marble Bar Comparison WA
49.1 24-Jan-19 Tarcoola Aero SA
49.1 23-Jan-19 Red Rocks Point WA
49.1 13-Jan-19 Marble Bar WA
49.1 3-Jan-14 Walgett Airport AWS NSW
49.1 2-Jan-10 Emu Creek Station WA
49.1 18-Feb-98 Roebourne WA
49.1 23-Dec-72 Moomba SA
49 15-Jan-19 Tarcoola Aero SA
49 23-Jan-15 Marble Bar WA
49 13-Jan-13 Birdsville Airport QLD
49 9-Jan-13 Leonora WA
49 21-Dec-11 Roebourne Aero WA
49 1-Jan-10 Mardie WA
49 10-Jan-09 Emu Creek Station WA
49 11-Jan-08 Port Hedland Airport WA
49 11-Jan-08 Roebourne WA
49 12-Jan-88 Marla Police Station SA
49 6-Dec-81 Birdsville Police Station QLD
49 22-Dec-72 Marree SA
[1] http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/extremes/monthly_extremes.cgi
[2] http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/statements/scs43e.pdf
A collection of energy formulas
Filed under: science — ckrao @ 10:58 am
Energy is a quantity that is conserved as a consequence of the time translation invariance of the laws of physics. Below are some formulas calculating energy of different forms.
Kinetic energy is that associated with motion and is defined as for a particle with mass , velocity and momentum . If the mass is a fluid in motion (e.g. wind) with density and volume through cross-sectional area , then .
Work is the result of a force applied over a displacement and is given by the line integral
This has the simple form when force is constant and displacement is linear where is the angle between the force and displacement vectors.
Using Newton's 2nd law and the relation this can be written as
This is the work-energy theorem which says that work is the change in kinetic energy by a net force. It can also be written as where is momentum.
The above has the rotational analogue where is moment of inertia and is angular velocity and the equation for work becomes
where is a torque vector.
This has the simple form in the special case of a constant magnitude tangential force where is the torque resulting from force applied at distance from the centre of rotation.
Note that the time derivative of work is defined as power, so work can also be expressed as the time integral of power:
If the work done by a force field depends only on a particle's end points and not on its trajectory (i.e. conservative forces), one may define a potential function of position, known as potential energy satisfying . By convention positive work is a reduction in potential, hence the minus sign. It then follows that in such force fields the sum of kinetic and potential energy is conserved.
Some types of potential energy:
due to a gravitational field: , where are the masses of two bodies, the distance between their centre of masses and is Newton's gravitation constant.
due to earth's gravity at the surface: where and is the object's height above ground (small compared with the size of the earth).
due to a spring obeying Hooke's law: where is the spring constant and the displacement from an equilibrium position.
due to an electrostatic field: where is Coulomb's constant and are charges. This can be written as where is a potential function measured in volts.
for a system of point charges: .
for a system of conductors: where the charge on conductor is and its potential is .
for a charged dielectric: the above may be generalised to the volume integral where is charge density and is the potential corresponding to the electric field.
for an electric dipole in an electric field: where is directed from the negative to positive charge and has magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and charge separation distance.
for a current loop in a magnetic field: where is directed normal to the loop and has magnitude equal to the product of the current through the loop and its area.
In electric circuits the voltage drop across an inductance is and the current though a capacitance is . These inserted into the relationship lead to the formulas and for the energy stored in a capacitor and inductor respectively.
Also in electromagnetism the energy flux (flow per unit area per unit time) is the Poynting vector , the cross product of the electric and magnetising field vectors. The electromagnetic energy in a volume is given by ([1])
where is the electric displacement field and is the magnetic field. This is more commonly written as when the relationships hold.
In special relativity energy is the time component of the momentum 4-vector. That is, energy and momentum are mixed in a similar way to how space and time are mixed at high velocities. Computing the norm of the momentum four-vector gives the energy-momentum relation
This leads to for massless particles (such as photons) and more generally , the mass-energy equivalence relation (here and is rest mass).
In quantum mechanics the energy of a photon is also written as (Planck-Einstein relation) where is Planck's constant and are frequency and wavelength respectively. Energies of quantum systems are based on the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian operator, an example of which is .
Force is also equal to pressure times area, so another formula for work (e.g. done by an expanding gas) is the volume integral . In thermodynamics heat is energy transferred through the random motion of particles. The fundamental equation of thermodynamics quantifies the internal energy which disregards kinetic or potential energy of a system as a whole (only considering microscopic kinetic and potential energy):
where is temperature, is entropy, is the number of particles and the chemical potential of species . Similar formulas exist for other thermodynamic potentials such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy and Helmholtz energy.
The mean translational kinetic energy of a bulk substance is related to its temperature by where is Boltzmann's constant.
In thermal transfer the change in internal energy is given by where is mass and is the heat capacity which may apply to constant volume or constant pressure.
The power per unit area emitted by a body is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law where is the emissivity (=1 for black body radiation) and is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. This equation may be used to determine the energy emitted by stars using their emission spectrum.
The latent heat (thermal energy change during a phase transition) of mass of a substance with specific latent heat constant is given by .
Finally, the energy of a single wavelength of a mechanical wave is where the mass of a wavelength, the amplitude and the angular frequency [2]. This can be applied to finding the energy density of ocean waves for example [3].
[1] Poynting Vector. Brilliant.org. Retrieved 22:24, December 28, 2018, from https://brilliant.org/wiki/poynting-vector/
[2] Power of a Wave. Brilliant.org. Retrieved 21:23, December 30, 2018, from https://brilliant.org/wiki/power-of-a-wave/
[3] Wikipedia contributors, "Wave power," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wave_power&oldid=875183814 (accessed December 30, 2018).
[4] Wikipedia contributors, "Work (physics)," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Work_(physics)&oldid=874162163 (accessed December 30, 2018).
[5] Wikipedia contributors, "Potential energy," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potential_energy&oldid=873393028 (accessed December 30, 2018).
[6] Wikipedia contributors, "Electric potential energy," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_potential_energy&oldid=868852409 (accessed December 30, 2018).
[7] Wikipedia contributors, "Thermodynamic equations," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thermodynamic_equations&oldid=865388931 (accessed December 30, 2018).
[8] H. Ohanian, Physics, 2nd edition, Norton & Company, 1989.
Rafael Nadal in best of five set matches on clay
Filed under: sport — ckrao @ 1:28 pm
Following Rafael Nadal's 11th French Open win, it's worth looking at just how amazing his best-of-five set record on clay is. He now has a 111-2 win-loss record, with his only two losses against Söderling and Djokovic.
Win-loss breakdown by tournament (Masters tournament finals changed to best of 3 sets from 2007):
French Open: 86-2
Davis Cup: 18-0
Barcelona Open: 2-0
Monte Carlo Masters: 2-0
Rome Masters: 2-0
Stuttgart: 1-0
Win-loss breakdown by number of sets (overall he has won 331 and lost 36 completed sets so even winning a set against him is a big deal!):
5 sets: 4-0 (Coria, Federer, Isner, Djokovic – 5th set scores 7-6 (6), 7-6 (5), 6-4, 9-7 respectively)
4 sets: 22-1 (loss to Söderling)
3 sets: 83-1
Most common opponents (2 or more matches):
Djokovic: 7-1 (lost 7 sets)
Federer: 7-0 (lost 7 sets)
Ferrer: 4-0 (lost 1 set)
Almagro: 4-0
Hewitt: 4-0 (lost 1 set)
Söderling: 3-1 (lost 3 sets)
Thiem: 3-0
del Potro: 3-0 (lost 1 set)
Gasquet: 3-0
Seppi: 2-0 (lost 1 set)
Murray: 2-0
Roddick: 2-0 (lost 1 set)
Coria: 2-0 (lost 3 sets)
Ljubicic: 2-0
Monaco: 2-0
Bolelli: 2-0
Wawrinka: 2-0 (same score of 6-2 6-3 6-1 both times)
Bellucci: 2-0
Breakdown by set score (almost the same likelihood of winning a set 6-2, 6-3 or 6-4):
6-0: 26
9-7: 1
2-6: 3 (Federer in 2006 Rome, Söderling in 2009 French Open, Djokovic in 2012 French Open)
1-6: 3 (Federer in 2006 French Open, del Potro in 2011 Davis Cup, Djokovic in 2015 French Open)
0-6: 1 (Coria in 2005 Monte Carlo Masters)
(only one incomplete set 2-0 after which Pablo Carreno Busta retired)
(1) Tennis Abstract: Rafael Nadal ATP Match Results, Splits, and Analysis
(2) Ultimate Tennis Statistics – Rafael Nadal
A collection of binary grid counting problems
Filed under: mathematics — ckrao @ 3:52 am
The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid one of two colours without restriction is . The following examples show what happens when varying restrictions are placed on the colouring.
Example 1: The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that there is an even number of 1s in each row and column is
Proof: The first rows and columns may be coloured arbitarily. This then uniquely determines how the bottom row and rightmost column are coloured (restoring even parity). The bottom right square will be black if and only if the number of black squares in the remainder of the grid is odd, hence this is also uniquely determined by the first rows and columns. Details are also given here.
Example 2: The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that every 2 by 2 square has an odd number (1 or 3) of black squares is
Proof: First colour the first row and first column arbitarily (there are such squares each with 2 possibilities). This uniquely determines how the rest of the grid must be coloured by considering the colouring of adjacent squares above and to the left.
By the same argument, the above is the same as the number of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that every 2 by 2 square has an even number (0, 2 or 4) of black squares.
Example 3: The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that every 2 by 2 square has two of each type is
Proof: If there are two adjacent squares of the same colour with one above the other, the remaining squares of the corresponding two rows are uniquely determined as being the same alternating between black and white. The remainder of the grid is then determined by the colouring of first column ( possibilities where we omit the two cases of alternating colours down the first column). Such a grid cannot have two horizontally adjacent squares of the same colour. By a similar argument a colouring that has two adjacent colours with one left of the other can be done in ways. Finally we have the two additional configurations where there are no adjacent squares of the same colour, which is uniquely determined by the colour of the top left square. Hence in total we have possible colourings.
This question for was in the 2017 Australian Mathematics Competition and the general solution is also discussed here.
Example 4: The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that each row and each column contain at least one black square is (OEIS A183109)
Proof: First we count the number of colourings where a fixed subset of columns is entirely white and each row has at least one black square. The remaining columns and rows can be coloured in ways. To count colourings where each column has at least one black square we apply the principle of inclusion-exclusion and arrive at the above result.
Another inclusion-exclusion example shown here counts the number of 3 by 3 black/white grids in which there is no 2 by 2 black square. The answer is 417 with more terms for n by n grids in OEIS A139810.
Example 5: Suppose we wish to count the number of colourings of an m by n grid in which row i has black squares and column j has black squares ( , ). Following [1], the number of ways this can be done is the coefficient of in the polynomial
To see this note that expanding the product gives products of terms of the form where such a term included corresponds to the 'th row and th column being coloured black. Hence the coefficient of is the number of ways in which the system has a solution ( , ) for equal to 1 if and only if row and column are coloured black and 0 otherwise.
Let us evaluate this in the special case of 2 black squares in every row and every column for an n by n square grid (i.e. and ). Picking two squares in each column to colour black means viewing the expansion as a polynomial in the coefficient of has sums of products of terms of the form . Then using notation to denote the coefficient of an expression, we have
Here the second last line follows from considering the number of ways that products of terms of the form arise in the product (which is ) and products of terms of the form can be formed in the product (which is ).
For example, when this is equivalent to finding the coefficient of in . Products are either paired up in complementary ways such as in ( ways) or we have the three products ( ways). This gives us a total of 90 (this question appeared in the 1992 Australian Mathematics Competition). More terms of the sequence are found in OEIS A001499 and the 6 by 4 case (colouring two shaded squares in each row and three in each column in 1860 ways) appeared in the 2007 AIME I (see Solution 7 here).
Example 6: If we wish to count the number of grid configurations in which reflections or rotations are considered equivalent, we may make use of Burnside's lemma that the number of orbits of a group is the average number of points fixed by an element of the group. For example, to find the number of configurations of 2 by 2 grids up to rotational symmetry, we consider the cyclic group . For quarter turns there are configurations fixed (a quadrant determines the colouring of the remainder of the grid) while for half turns there are configurations as one half determines the colouring of the other half. This gives us an answer of
which is part of OEIS A047937. If reflections are also considered equivalent we need to consider the dihedral group and we arrive at the sequence in OEIS A054247.
If we want to count the number of 3 by 3 grids with four black squares up to equivalence, this is equivalent to the number of full noughts and crosses configurations. A nice video by James Grime explaining this is here (the answer is 23).
Example 7: The number of ways of colouring an m by n grid black or white so that the regions form 2 by 1 dominoes has the amazing form
For example, the 36 ways of tiling a 4 by 4 grid are given here. A proof of the above formula using the Pfaffian of the adjacency matrix of the corresponding grid graph is given in chapter 10 of [2].
[1] L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics: The Art of Finite and Infinite Expansions (pp 235-6), D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1974.
[2] M. Aigner, A Course in Enumeration, Springer, 2007.
The evolution of ODI team totals
Filed under: cricket,sport — ckrao @ 11:46 am
Over the years one day international cricket scores have been on the rise and this post intends to look into this in some detail. We shall restrict ourselves to first innings scores where the team batting first lasted exactly 50 overs. Hence games greater than 50 overs per team long or where a team was bowled out prematurely are omitted. There are 2349 (out of 3945) such matches according to this query on Cricinfo Statsguru and on average 7 wickets fall over the 50 overs. The plot below shows a scatter plot of the scores over time. The red curve shows that mean scores were steady around 225 during the 1980s and have been on the rise since 1990 so that now the mean score is approaching 300.
Note that the first data point in 1974 corresponds to a game that was reduced to 50 overs per side after originally intended to be a 55 over game.
If we slice the data into eras marked by calendar years of roughly equal numbers of games, the mean score had a slight slow-down in the rate of increase from 2008-2012, then accelerated again in the past five years.
Era Number of matches Mean score batting first
1974-1994 427 229
1974-2017 2349 260
The histograms below show how rarely teams score less than 200 runs in recent times when using the full quota of 50 overs. In fact these days a team is more likely to score over 400 than below 200 if using the full quota of 50 overs!
Comparing the distribution of first innings winning versus losing scores we find that the mean scores are 275 vs 236 respectively with sample sizes 1392 vs 901 (34 games had no result and 22 were tied). Restricting to the past five years, the median score batting first for the full 50 overs in winning matches is exactly 300.
Interestingly if we break down the runs scatter plot by team, the trends are not the same across the board. In particular England and South Africa have had more dramatic increases in recent times than the other teams, especially compared with India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and West Indies.
Restricting to the last five years (2013-2017), here are the mean first innings scores for each team based on the match result (assuming they bat the full 50 overs).
Team Result mean score # matches
Afghanistan lost 249 6
Afghanistan won 260 12
Australia lost 295 13
Australia n/r 253 3
Australia won 310 31
Bangladesh lost 263 16
Bangladesh won 275 15
Canada lost 230 3
England lost 282 13
England won 329 22
Hong Kong won 283 4
India lost 282 12
India won 310 27
Ireland lost 244 6
Ireland tied 268 1
Ireland won 289 3
Kenya lost 260 1
Netherlands lost 265 1
New Zealand lost 277 12
New Zealand tied 314 1
New Zealand won 308 27
P.N.G. lost 218 2
P.N.G. won 232 1
Pakistan lost 266 9
Pakistan n/r 296 1
Pakistan tied 229 1
Pakistan won 290 20
Scotland lost 238 6
Scotland won 284 8
South Africa lost 258 7
South Africa n/r 301 1
South Africa won 321 36
Sri Lanka lost 249 15
Sri Lanka n/r 268 2
Sri Lanka tied 286 1
Sri Lanka won 305 22
U.A.E. lost 279 3
U.A.E. won 267 3
West Indies lost 265 10
West Indies won 298 10
Zimbabwe lost 247 9
Zimbabwe tied 257 1
Zimbabwe won 276 1
The England and South Africa numbers stand out the most here in winning causes. Also Australia has a particularly high average score of 294 in losing causes. Sri Lanka has the largest difference (56 runs) between average winning and losing scores.
Edit: The following shows the mean scores in the 100 matches prior to and after key rule changes (still focusing on first innings 50-over scores). Note that in two of the three cases, the average scores reduced.
Restriction of 2 outside the 30-yard circle in the first 15 overs ('92 World Cup)
03 Jan 88 to 20 Jan 92: 231
12 Feb 92 to 16 Feb 94: 222
Introduction of Powerplay overs
13 Mar 04 to 30 Jun 05: 267
07 Jul 05 to 08 Sep 06: 267
Removal of powerplay, fifth fielder allowed outside the circle in the last ten overs
17Aug 14 to 24 Jun 15: 301
10 Jul 15 to 19 Jan 17: 289
Notes on von Neumann's algebra formulation of Quantum Mechanics
Filed under: mathematics,science — ckrao @ 9:49 pm
The Hilbert space formulation of (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics is one of the great achievements of mathematical physics. Typically in undergraduate physics courses it is introduced as a set of postulates (e.g. the Dirac-von Neumann axioms) and hard to motivate without some knowledge of functional analysis or at least probability theory. Some of that motivation and the connection with probability theory is summarised in the notes here – in fact it can be said that quantum mechanics is essentially non-commutative probability theory [2]. Furthermore having an algebraic point of view seems to provide a unified picture of classical and quantum mechanics.
The important difference between classical and quantum mechanics is that in the latter, the order in which measurements are taken sometimes matters. This is because obtaining the value of one measurement can disturb the system of interest to the extent that a consistently precise value of the other cannot be found. A famous example is position and momentum of a quantum particle – the Heisenberg uncertainty relation states that the product of their uncertainties (variances) in measurement is strictly greater than zero.
If measurements are treated as real-valued functions of the state space of system, we will not be able to capture the fact that the measurements do not commute. Since linear operators (e.g. matrices) do not commute in general, we use algebras of operators instead. We make use of the spectral theory leading from a special class of algebras with norm and adjoint known as von Neumann algebras which in turn are a special case of C*-algebras. The spectrum of an operator A is the set of numbers for which does not have an inverse. Self-adjoint operators have a real spectrum and will represent the set of values that an observable (a physical variable that can be measured) can take. Hence we have this correspondence between self-adjoint operators and observables.
By the Gelfand-Naimark theorem C*-algebras can be represented as bounded operators on a Hilbert space . See Section II.6.4 of [3] for proof details. If the C*-algebra is commutative the representation is as continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space that vanish at infinity. Furthermore we assume the C*-algebra and corresponding Hilbert space are separable, meaning the space contains a countable dense subset (analogous to how the subset of rationals are dense in the set of real numbers). This ensures that the Stone-von Neumann theorem holds which was used to show that the Heisenberg and Schrödinger pictures of quantum physics are equivalent [see pp7-8 here].
The link between C*-algebras and Hilbert spaces is made via the notion of a state which is a positive linear functional on the algebra of norm 1. A state evaluated on a self-adjoint operator outputs a real number that will represent the expected value of the observable corresponding to that operator. Note that it is impossible to have two different states that have the same expected values across over observables. A state is called pure if it is an extreme point on the boundary of the (convex) space of states. In other words, we cannot write a pure state as where are states and ). A state that is not pure is called mixed.
Now referring to a Hilbert space , for any mapping of bounded operators to expectation values such that
(it makes sense that the identity should have expectation value 1),
self-adjoint operators are mapped to real numbers with positive operators (those with positive spectrum) mapped to positive numbers and
is continuous with respect to the strong convergence in – i.e. if for all , then ,
then there is a is a unique self-adjoint non-negative trace-one operator (known as a density matrix) such that for all (see [1] Proposition 19.9). (The trace of an operator is defined as where is an orthonormal basis in the separable Hilbert space – in the finite dimensional case it is the sum of the operator's eigenvalues.) Hence states are represented by positive self-adjoint operators with trace 1. Such operators are compact and so have a countable orthonormal basis of eigenvectors.
When corresponds to a projection operator onto a one-dimensional subspace it has the form where and . In this case we can show , which recovers the alternative view that unit vectors of correspond to states (known as vector states) so that the expected value of an observable corresponding to the operator is . This is done by choosing the orthonormal basis where and computing
Trace-one operators can be written as a convex combination of rank one projection operators: . From this it can be shown that those density operators which cannot be written as a convex combination of other states (called pure states) are precisely those of the form . Hence vector states and pure states are equivalent notions. Mixed states can be interpreted as a probabilistic mixture (convex combination) of pure states.
Let us now look at the similarity with probability theory. A measure space is a triple where is a set, is a collection of measurable subsets of called a -algebra and is a additive measure. If is a non-negative integrable function with it is called a density function and then we can define a probability measure by
A random variable maps elements of a set to real numbers in such a way that for any Borel subset of . This enables us to compute their expectation with respect to the density function as
This is like the quantum formula with our density operator playing the role of and operator playing the role of random variable . Hence a probability density function is the commutative probability analogue of a quantum state (density operator).
While Borel sets are the events from which we define simple functions and then random variables, in the non-commutative case we define operators in terms of projections (equivalently closed subspaces) of a Hilbert space . A projection operator is self-adjoint, satisfies and has the discrete spectrum . Hence they are analogous to 0-1 indicator random variables, the answers to yes/no events. For any unit vector the expected value
is interpreted as the probability the observable corresponding to will have value 1 when measured in the state corresponding to . In particular this probability will be 1 if and only if is in the invariant subspace of . We define meet and join operations on these closed subspaces to create a Hilbert lattice :
Borel sets form a algebra in which the distributive law holds for any elements of . However in the Hilbert lattice the corresponding rule (where are projection operators) only holds some of the time (see here for an example). This failure of the distributive law is equivalent to the general non-commutativity of projections.
A quantum probability measure can be defined by combining projections in a -additive way, namely and where are mutually orthogonal projections ( ). Gleason's theorem says that for Hilbert space dimension at least 3 a state is uniquely determined by the values it takes on the orthogonal projections – a quantum probability measure can be extended from projections to bounded operators to obtain , similar to how characteristic functions are extended to integrable functions. Hence this is a key result for non-commutative integration (note: the continuity conditions defining in 1-3 above are stronger). We choose von Neumann algebras over C*-algebras since the former contain all spectral projections of their self-adjoint elements while the latter may not [ref].
So far we have seen that expected values of observables are derived via the formula . To derive the distribution itself, we make of the spectral theorem and for self-adjoint operators with continuous spectrum this requires projection valued measures. A self-adjoint operator has a corresponding function mapping Borel sets to projections so that represents the event that the outcome of measuring observable is in the set : we require that and is a complex additive function (measure) for all . We use as shorthand for . Similar to the way a finite dimensional self-adjoint matrix may be eigen-decomposed in terms of its eigenvalues and normalised eigenvectors as
the spectral theorem for more general self-adjoint operators allows us to write
which means that for every ,
Here, the integrals are over the spectrum of . Through this formula we can work with functions of operators and in particular the distribution of the random variable corresponding to operator in state will be
The similarities we have seen here between classical probability and quantum mechanics are summarised in the table below, largely taken from [2] which greatly aided my understanding. Note how the pairing between trace class and bounded operators is analogous to the duality of and functions.
Classical Probability
(non-commutative probability)
– measure space – Hilbert space model of QM
– set – Hilbert space
– Boolean algebra of Borel subsets of called events – orthomodular lattice of projections (equivalently closed subspaces) of
disjoint events orthogonal projections
– additive positive measure – functional
– integrable functions (probability density functions) – trace class operators (density operators)
– probability measure mapping Borel sets to numbers in [0,1] in a sigma-additive way – quantum state mapping projections to numbers in [0,1] in a sigma-additive way
– essentially bounded measurable functions (bounded random variables) – von Neumann algebra of bounded operators (bounded observables)
– expectation value of with respect to
– expectation value of in state
In summary, the fact that measurements don't always commute lead us to consider non-commutative operator algebras. This leads us to the Hilbert space representation of quantum mechanics where a quantum state is a trace-one density operator and an observable is a bounded linear operator. We also saw that projections can be viewed as 0-1 events. The spectral theorem is used to decompose operators into a sum or integral of projections.
The richer mathematical setting for quantum mechanics allows us to model non-classical phenomena such as quantum interference and entanglement. We have not mentioned the time evolution of states, but in short, state vectors evolve unitarily according to the Schrödinger equation, generated by an operator known as the Hamiltonian.
[1] Hall, B.C., Quantum Theory for Mathematicians, Springer, Graduate Texts in Mathematics #267, June 2013 (relevant section)
[2] Redei, M., Von Neumann's work on Hilbert space quantum mechanics
[3] Blackadar, B., Operator Algebras: Theory of C*-Algebras and von Neumann Algebras
[4] Wilce, Alexander, "Quantum Logic and Probability Theory", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
[5] Wikipedia – Quantum logic
[6] Planetmath.org – Lattice of Projections
[7] Planetmath.org – Spectral Measure
[8] quantum mechanics – Intuitive meaning of Hilbert Space formalism – Physics Stack Exchange
[9] This answer to: mathematical physics – Quantum mechanics in a metric space rather than in a vector space, possible? – Physics Stack Exchange
[10] functional analysis – Resolution of the identity (basic questions) – Mathematics Stack Exchange
Busy roads of Melbourne
Filed under: geography — ckrao @ 11:16 am
VicRoads has a large collection of open data, which include traffic count estimates for main roads (excluding toll roads). I have taken the kml file from that link, colour coded the roads by two-way counts and shown only those with at least 35,000 vehicles per day (two-way traffic, 2017 estimates, averaged over a year) so that 1,465 road segments are shown. The results are mapped below (click on a road for count information).
As expected the main freeways carry the most traffic with the West Gate Freeway near the Western Link (CityLink) carrying the maximum average of 196,000 vehicles per day. The busiest segment of non-freeway is a stretch of Kings Way between Albert Road and Queens Road (99,000 vehicles per day).
The ballot problem and Catalan's triangle
Filed under: Uncategorized — ckrao @ 10:15 pm
The ballot problem asks for the probability that candidate A is always ahead of candidate B during a tallying process if they respectively end up with and votes where . For example if there are 3 ways in which the three votes are counted (AAB, ABA, BAA) but the only favourable outcome in which A remains ahead throughout is occurs if the tally appears as AAB. Hence the probability A remains ahead is 1/3.
If there are no restrictions, the number of ways the votes are tallied is the binomial coefficient . The number of favourable outcomes (the numerator of the desired probability) in which A remains ahead can counted recursively in a similar way to Pascal's triangle (each number the sum of the two neighbours above it) except no number may appear to the left of the vertical midline, as illustrated below. For example, the second element of the fifth row (3) corresponds to the case (AAAB, AABA, ABAA). More generally, dividing into the cases where the final vote is A or B, the number of ways in which A remains ahead of B is equal to where if . This sequence appears as A008313 in the OEIS and is the reversed form of Catalan's triangle.
A way of generating the general term is making use of a beautiful reflection principle that gives a 1-1 correspondence between the number of tallies leading to a tie at some point and the number of tallies in which the first vote goes to candidate B: simply interchange A with B for all votes up to and including that tie. This amounts to reflecting the random walk about the midline, as illustrated below with the blue path corresponding to ABAA and the the red path BAAA.
Since , the probability candidate A always leads is 1 minus the probability the sequence ties at some point. But the bijection above shows an equal number of these start with A and with B, so our desired probability is
The numbers in the triangle are also formed by differences of adjacent entries of Pascal's triangle, namely row p+q has terms of the form
This can be interpreted as the number of unrestricted sequences with p As and q Bs of length (p+q) that start with A minus the corresponding number that start with B, again following from the reflection principle.
As an aside, looking at the bottom row above we see , or equivalently
Finally we note that the Catalan numbers arise from the following parts of the triangle above:
as entries in the first column (counting Dyck paths)
as the sum of squares of each row
as the sum of entries in NE-SW diagonals
Catalan's triangle can be generalised to a trapezium in which we count the number of strings consisting of n As and k Bs such that in every initial segment of the string the number of Bs does not exceed the number of As by m or more.
Highest aggregates and averages after n test matches/innings
Filed under: cricket,sport — ckrao @ 9:14 am
Soon after the 2017 India-Australia test series I noticed that among players who have played 54 tests, nobody has scored more than Steven Smith's 5251 runs. Here is a list of the top three aggregates and averages after 54 tests and 100 innings.
54 tests 5251 SPD Smith (AUS) 5210 SM Gavaskar (INDIA) 4991 L Hutton (ENG) 4840 JB Hobbs (ENG)
54 tests 61.06 SPD Smith (AUS) 60.73 H Sutcliffe (ENG) 59.51 GS Sobers (WI) 59.02 JB Hobbs (ENG)
100 innings 5354 JB Hobbs (ENG) 5345 GS Sobers (WI) 5279 WR Hammond (ENG) 5251 SPD Smith (AUS)
100 innings 61.06 SPD Smith (AUS) 60.74 GS Sobers (WI) 60.68 WR Hammond (ENG) 58.48 L Hutton (ENG)
A more complete list of the top 10 scorers in these categories after n tests/innings is below. Statistics are from ESPN Cricinfo and are current to 9 January 2018. Corrections are welcome.
The following players have been ranked first for some n (as of 9 January 2018):
highest aggregate after n innings: Foster, Rowe, Javed Miandad, Kambli, Weekes, Bradman, Hobbs, Sobers, Smith, Hammond, Hutton, Sehwag, Tendulkar, Sangakkara, Lara
highest aggregate after n tests: Rowe, Foster, Javed Miandad, Gavaskar, Bradman, Smith, Sobers, Hutton, Sehwag, Sangakkara, Younis Khan, Lara, Ponting, Kallis, Dravid, Tendulkar
highest average after n innings: Foster, Rowe, Bell, Trott, Kambli, Gavaskar, Harvey, Bradman, Voges, Sutcliffe, Hobbs, Smith, Barrington, Sobers, Hammond, Hutton, Dravid, Tendulkar, Ponting, Sangakkara, Kallis
highest average after n tests: Rowe, Rudolph, Bell, Gavaskar, Kambli, Samaraweera, Harvey, Bradman, Voges, Sutcliffe, Smith, Hobbs, Hammond, Sobers, Dravid, Tendulkar, Ponting, Sangakkara, Kallis
Two similar geometry problems based on perpendiculars to cevians
In this post I wanted to show a couple of similar problems that can be proved using some ideas from projective geometry.
The first problem I found via the Romantics of Geometry Facebook group: let be the point of tangency of the incircle of with and let be the foot of the perpendicular from the incentre of the to . Then show bisects .
The second problem is motivated by the above and problem 2 of the 2008 USAMO: this time let be a symmedian of and be the foot of the perpendicular from the circumcentre of to . Then show that bisects .
Here is a solution to the first problem inspired bythat of Vaggelis Stamatiadis. Let the line through the other two points of tangency of the incircle with intersect line at the point as shown below. Note that since and are tangents to the circle, line is the polar of with respect to the incircle.
Since is on the polar of , by La Hire's theorem, is on the polar of . The polar of also passes through (as is a tangent to the circle at ). We conclude that the polar of is the line through and .
Next, let intersect at . By theorem 5(a) at this link, the points form a harmonic range. Since the cross ratio of collinear points does not change under central projection, considering the projection from , also form a harmonic range. (Alternatively, this follows from the theorems of Ceva and Menelaus using the Cevians intersecting at the Gergonne point and transveral ). Also, as both and are perpendicular to polar of .
Considering a central projection from of line to a line parallel to through , we see that form a harmonic range. Since is a point at infinity, this implies is the midpoint of and so triangles and are congruent (equality of two pairs of sides and included angle is ). Hence bisects as was to be shown.
For the second problem, we use the following characterisation of a symmedian: extended concurs with the lines of tangency of the circumcircle at and . (For three proofs of this see here.)
Define as the intersection of with and as the intersection of with the tangents at . Note that line is the polar of with respect to the circumcircle. By La Hire's theorem, must be on the polar of . This polar is perpendicular to (the line joining to the centre of the circle) and as by construction of , it follows that line is the polar of . Again by theorem 5(a) in reference (2), form a harmonic range. Following the same argument as the previous proof, this together with imply bisects as required.
By similar arguments, one can prove the following, left to the interested reader. If is the -excentre of , the ex-circle's point of tangency of , and the foot of the perpendicular from to line , then bisects .
(1) Alexander Bogomolny, Poles and Polars from Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Geometry/PolePolar.shtml, Accessed 19 March 2017
(2) Poles and Polars – Another Useful Tool! | The Problem Solver's Paradise
(3) Yufei Zhao, Lemmas in Euclidean Geometry


text:
Ian McKellen: 'Now's the time to be backing Europe'
Last month, 30 LGBT MPs and members of the House of Lords signed a cross-party letter calling for Britain to vote to stay in the EU in order to protect the rights of the LGBT community.
With just two weeks to go until the June 23 referendum Ian McKellen, speaking to The Telegraph, explains how he wants Britain to stay in the EU and use their power to influence and fight for LGBT rights around the world.
In the interview he said: "Now is the time to be backing Europe and giving back that sense of empowerment to countries in the European Union that are still very backward in this regard." McKellen continued, "If I were to look at 'in' or 'out' from that point of view, there's only one point, which is to stay. If you're a gay person, you're an internationalist. I don't want us to retract. I don't want to and I won't, whatever the vote happens to be." He says that while Brexit "wouldn't be the end of the world" it's "nearly the end of my life." "It's up to the youngsters to decide, really," he adds. Attitude recently grilled two of the most prominent MPs to sign the cross party letter, calling for Britain to vote and stay in the EU. The EU referendum takes place on June 23. More stories: Male migrants and asylum seekers in Greece are turning to sex work in order to survive How often do most gay men watch porn – and for how long?
Ian McKellin


Microsoft has announced when we'll be able to build crazy theme park rides on Xbox One and Xbox 360. Screamride arrives in the thick of what is quickly becoming the "spring rush."
The title was originally revealed at Gamescom and subsequently detailed in an official video. Microsoft says the title will have 50 levels set around the world in three modes (Engineer, ScreamRider, and Demolition Expert). You'll be able to sure your creations (on Xbox One only) via Xbox Live.
ScreamRide will be a budget-priced retail and digital release, with pricing set at $39.99 on Xbox One and $29.99 on Xbox 360. You can get it on March 3, 2015.
The spring schedule is starting to fill up, and each of the platform holders has something(s) to offer. ScreamRide isn't the strongest offering of the bunch, but it has hooks that leave me wanting to know more.


text:
Pete Boxall – 1st Bramhall Scout Group
There's no smoke without fire in Peter Boxall's life whose mission for scouting took him to a Cumbrian bootcamp, lighting fires from flint with Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.
Bramhall boasts the most established Scout group in the district, the 1st Bramhall Scout Group which, founded in 1909, is dedicated to providing high quality scouting to young people who live locally, regardless of background or ability.
Passionate about the Scouting movement, Pete leads the 1st Bramhall Scout Group. In fact his whole family are involved. Married with three girls, Peter's wife, Lisa, is a Beaver leader and his three girls are all active member of Scouts, Cubs and Beavers.
When he is not travelling around the UK and Europe, managing teams who fix aircraft, Pete ploughs his spare time into leading the group, providing opportunities for youngsters in Bramhall and when he's not doing that, he's brushing shoulders with Royalty on boot camp! Pete found himself on Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge's team on a Scout bonding day last year. Watch Pete's appearance on ITV news alongside Kate here.
"It was brilliant to work alongside Kate – she is clearly committed to the Scout movement! Despite being in the early stages of pregnancy she threw herself into our group activities which were physically hard for all of us. Her commitment to the Scouts works wonders in raising our profile and attracting more young people to get involved."
"I have many amazing memories over the years both as a Scout as well as helping lead, ranging from learning to sail and rock climb, to playing a key role in Bramhall's festival which involved running a live game of Monopoly around the village!"
"I used to be a Scout and got involved as a leader a couple of years back following the Bramhall Festival when my daughter was involved in the parade. She had so much fun being part of a community activity, that she joined Scouts, and I joined along with her as a leader. I just don't think you can beat the scouting movement – there's almost no limit to the range of activities and visits Scouts have the chance to experience. We take our Scouts wherever the action is; the latest visit was to Tokyo at the end of July to join in the Japanese Gymboree which was unforgettable"
"My personal vision is that we prepare our young people to be good citizens with a sense of belonging and ownership around the place they live. The pride that is instilled within every Scout is reflected within their daily lives, and we have seen real impact in Bramhall from our movement."
"You can't beat Scouts; in that it not only provides activities that keep young people occupied and focused, but the skills learned are invaluable in paving the way for employment combined with the necessary life skills required to perform successfully."
1st Bramhall Sections meet in the Scout Hall, which is located behind Bramhall Library near the centre of the village where the group has an excellent range of equipment including two minibuses, canoes and its own climbing wall; and is led by a well trained and experienced team of volunteers.
Pete concluded: "We are always looking for more help, even if this is only occasionally, so that we can bring the benefits of Scouting to even more young people. We are almost the victim of our own success with more young people than Scout places now so please get in touch if you can volunteer your time, as I believe every young person should have the chance to enjoy what we have to offer in Bramhall."
06th Jun 2022 I LOVE Nevill Road Junior School – and their New Library! Read more


text:
New Edition of The Homebound Project Postponed
Playbill Universe New Edition of The Homebound Project Postponed
The virtual theatre project benefiting children affected by the coronavirus pandemic is temporarily on hold due to the current national unrest.
The sixth edition of The Homebound Project, the virtual theatre project benefiting children affected by the coronavirus pandemic, has been temporarily postponed. Scheduled to stream January 13–17, the online initiative is on hold due to the national trauma and unrest following the recent attack on the Capitol.
New streaming dates will be announced soon. All previously purchased view-at-home ticket donations will be honored at that time.
Participating actors, playwrights, and directors for the new edition are scheduled to include Christopher Abbott and Deirdre O'Connell in a work by Lucy Thurber, directed by Caitriona McLaughlin; Dylan Baker and Becky Ann Baker in a work by David Lindsay-Abaire, directed by Paul Mullins; Jojo Brown in a work by Cece Suazo, directed by Jenna Worsham; Michael Chernus in a work by Adam Rapp; Dalia Davi in a work by Ren Dara Santiago, directed by Jenna Worsham; Nicholas Gorham in a work by Brian Otaño, directed by Tatiana Pandiani; Rebecca Henderson and Cristin Milioti in a work by Catya McMullen; Emily Kuroda in a work by Kate Cortesi, directed by Jenna Worsham; Carolyn Ratteray in a work by Bekah Brunstetter; Stacey Karen Robinson in a work by Sharon Bridgforth; Danya Taymor directing a work by Brian Watkins; Babak Tafti in a work by Colette Robert, directed by Taylor Reynolds; and Daigi-Ann Thompson in a work by Julissa Contreras; with a guest appearance by Amanda Seyfried.
The playwrights were given the prompt of "2021."
Founded by playwright McMullen and director Worsham, The Homebound Project features a collection of new theatre works written by playwrights and recorded by sheltering actors. The performances feature costume consultation by Andy Jean, original music and sound design by Fan Zhang, and video editing and design by Milan Misko. To date, the project, which launched May 6, 2020, has raised over $150,000 for No Kid Hungry.
For more information visit HomeBoundTheater.org.