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text:
A level, also "tonality level", Gerhard Kubik's "tonal step," "tonal block," and John Blacking's "root progression," is an important melodic and harmonic progression where melodic material shifts between a whole tone above and a whole tone below the tonal center. This shift can occur to both neighboring notes, in either direction, and from any point of departure. The steps above and below the tonic are often called contrasting steps. A new harmonic segment is created which then changes the tonality but not necessarily the key.

Each level is based on one pitch, a foundation note. A melodic or harmonic-melodic third, triad (fifth) (such as in the song "Shallow Brown"), or seventh (such as in the song "Donald MacGillavry") may be built off this foundation.  A "change" in levels is called a shift. We see this in double-tonic tunes such as "Donald MacGillavry" (notes: A to G in bar 4 below). Shifting is more emphatic than chord changes (chords: Am-G), but not as emphatic as modulations (keys: A minor to G major):

The foundation (root) is the most important note and accompanying chords are almost always built in root position. The fifth is next in importance, and consecutive fifths are most often emphasized. The third is less important and often blue, neutral, or changing from major to minor. This characteristic is common in the English virginalists music such as William Byrd's "The Woods so Wild" theme, which is an example of levels (F and G) being elaborated through cadence, melodic divergence from the accompaniment, and subsidiary chords, reaching a complete cadential phrase.

Levels are commonly found in African folk music. It is believed that they originally arose out of this culture. They are often combined with unresolved harmonic progression that gives music a feeling of perpetual motion without any noticeable cadence. Runs and sequences often link new harmonic segments of the music to the previous ones. Each new harmonic sequence is often related to the previous through the melodic line. The music often ends suddenly without any musical preparation, even in the middle of a phrase. Sometimes the music descends to a "point of rest" in which the note below the tonal center gets extended to allow an ending. Tonal variety and melodic unification is often achieved by repeating similar phrases on different steps of a pentatonic mode. Semitonal and hemitonal root progressions can also be found. Tonality levels or "root progression" are the most important structural feature found in African folk music. The internal organization of this music demands occasional shifts between levels unless the music is based on a consistent drone. The tonality level often shifts several times making it very hard to find a piece of African folk music without tonality levels. Most often between three and five tonality levels can be found within a composition. Levels can also be found in Asian, Celtic folk musics, Arab, and in European Renaissance music.

Eventually, levels and other musical traits found their way into American jazz harmony and blues tonality through spirituals. Levels can be compared to a traditional root progression in western music with a tonic - subdominant - dominant relationship. Levels give way to familiar classical chords and chord changes in Baroque music. The harmonic practices between these cultures are so similar that urban African composers often incorporate western root progression into their local harmonic practices. As this combination traveled to America, it helped create new genres such as jazz, big band, and blues. In the twentieth century, chords give way to levels in the blues, completed with the V-IV-I progression, which spread to all popular music. For instance, In the blues - influenced style, the boogie-woogie bass, levels occur in shifts from primary triads rather than neighboring tones. This can be directly tied to the tonality levels found in African folk music discussed earlier.

A level, or "tonal step," often coincides with cross-rhythms in the melody and entries in vocal melody. A new tonality level and harmonic shift is often very vague and hard to identify in a vocal texture. However, it is much easier to identify in thick instrumentation.

See also
Phrase modulation
Theory of levels

References

Harmony

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Het Jekerpark is een stadspark en natuurpark aan de rand van het centrum van Maastricht. Het park is een voortzetting van het Stadspark Maastricht en is tevens onderdeel van het natuurgebied Jekerdal.

Ligging
Tot het Jekerpark wordt gerekend het deel van het Jekerdal grotendeels gelegen op de rechteroever van het riviertje de Jeker tussen de brug over de Jeker bij de Prins Bisschopsingel in het noorden en het einde van de Meesenbroekweg in het zuiden. Een klein deel van het park ligt op de linker Jekeroever ten oosten van de Bieslanderweg. De westelijke begrenzing wordt gevormd door de Jeker zelf en de achtertuinen van de huizen aan de Champs Elyseesweg. De Laan van Brunswijk en de Meesenbroekweg vormen de oostelijke begrenzing van het park. Het Jekerpark is geheel gelegen in de wijk Sint Pieter; de omringende woningen behoren echter tot de wijken Jekerdal en Biesland. Het Volkstuinencomplex Jekerdal, het Sportparkpark Jekerdal en de Natuurtuin Jekerdal zijn deelgebieden van het Jekerpark.

Het Jekerpark ligt op loopafstand van de Maastrichtse binnenstad. Het grenst zowel aan het Stadspark Maastricht als aan het Waldeckpark en vormt daarmee onderdeel van de parkengordel aan de zuidrand van de stad. De verbinding met het Stadspark is sinds 2014 versterkt door de bestemming van een deel van het terrein van de Tapijnkazerne tot park.

Geschiedenis
Een deel van de terreinen waar thans het Jekerpark ligt, was tot 1867 onderdeel van De Kommen, een laaggelegen deel van de vestingwerken van Maastricht, dat door inundatie van de Jeker onder water gezet kon worden. Na 1867 bleef het gebied nog jarenlang in gebruik als militair oefenterrein. Dat ook de natuurwaarde in die tijd al werd ingezien, blijkt uit de oprichting van de vereniging Het Jekerdal in 1888, die er toeristische rondleidingen verzorgde.

Tot 1986 loosden grote delen van Maastricht-West, inclusief het Ziekenhuis Sint Annadal, hun rioolwater op de Jeker. In dat jaar werd een begin gemaakt met de aanleg van een stamriool langs de Jeker. Tevens werd de rivier grondig schoongemaakt.

Het ongeveer 7 hectare grote Jekerpark is in 2004 gerealiseerd door de gemeente Maastricht en het Waterschap Roer en Overmaas in het dal van de Jeker ten zuiden van de Prins Bisschopsingel. Voor de aanleg van het park op de overgang tussen stad en platteland moesten een aantal volkstuintjes worden verplaatst naar een nieuw complex aan de Laan van Brunswijk nabij het Sportpark Jekerdal. Ook dit sportpark is nieuw ingericht.

De Jeker werd uitgediept om een waterafvoer van 25 m3/sec te garanderen, waardoor de kans op overstromingen is afgenomen. Een deel van de grond die uit de Jeker werd verwijderd, is gebruikt om een glooiend landschap te creëren. In de Jeker zelf werd een eilandje gecreëerd. De oevers zijn uitgevoerd met gevarieerde taludhellingen. Daar waar onvoldoende ruimte was tot profielverruiming of waar infrastructuur aan de oevers moest worden beschermd, werden stapelmuren aangebracht van Ardenner grèsstenen, die in een open structuur werden gestapeld.

De aanleg van het park was onderdeel van een plan van het Waterschap Roer en Overmaas om het Nederlandse deel van het stroomgebied van de Jeker opnieuw in te richten om de kans op wateroverlast te minimaliseren en de visstand te verbeteren. Daarvoor werden bij een drietal watermolens langs de Jeker vistrappen of omleidingen aangelegd. Stroomopwaarts, nabij de Belgische grens, werd een moderne wandelbrug aangelegd, die een verbinding vormt tussen het Cannerbos en de Sint-Pietersberg. De herinrichting van het Jekerdal werd in 2009 genomineerd voor de Gouden Piramide, een prijs van de Nederlandse overheid voor inspirerend opdrachtgeverschap op het gebied van architectuur, stedenbouw, landschapsarchitectuur, infrastructuur en ruimtelijke ordening.

Beschrijving

Parkaanleg
Het gebied is ingericht als een licht glooiende, bloemrijke weide met verspreid staande bomen en boomgroepen en een slingerend wandelpad. Het nieuwe park refereert door zijn inrichting zowel aan de nabijgelegen stadsparken in het noorden als aan het open cultuurlandschap van het Jekerdal in het zuiden. Langs de Jeker is getracht natuurlijke oevers te creëren met gevarieerde taludhellingen. Daar waar onvoldoende ruimte was tot profielverruiming of waar infrastructuur aan de oevers moest worden beschermd, zijn stapelmuren aangebracht van Ardenner grèsstenen, die in een open structuur zijn gestapeld.

De Natuurtuinen, die eigenlijk net buiten de grenzen van het Jekerpark vallen, worden onderhouden door een team van vrijwilligers onder begeleiding van medewerkers van het Centrum voor Natuur- en Milieu Educatie (CNME). Er wordt ecologisch getuinierd, er worden zaden van wilde planten verkocht, wilde bijen gehouden, er is een vaste schildergroep actief en het IVN-Maastricht heeft er haar thuisbasis. Er is een kindertuin, een blote voetenpad en een insectentoren. Het op het terrein gelegen gebouw wordt gebruikt voor cursussen, workshops en vergaderingen.

Kunst, poëzie

In de Natuurtuinen bouwt de kunstenaar Chrys Steegmans sinds enige jaren aan een 7 meter hoge ecotoren, een van afvalbouwmaterialen gebouwde toren, waarin insecten, reptielen, vogels en kleine zoogdieren beschutting kunnen vinden.

In 2004 werd op initiatief van kunstenaar Harry Maks en historicus Servé Minis een gedichtenroute aangelegd, met vijf in grote blokken natuursteen gebeitelde odes aan de Jeker, die verspreid in het park staan opgesteld. Geselecteerd werden vier gedichten van bekende Maastrichtse dichters: Droom in het Jekerdal van Pierre Kemp, Wandeling van Wiel Kusters, Jeker van Hans van de Waarsenburg en nog een keer Wandeling van Frans Budé. Voor het vijfde gedicht werd door de gemeente Maastricht een poëziewedstrijd uitgeschreven, met als winnaar Draai om Jeker van Erik Solvanger.

Architectuur
Aan de Champs Elyseesweg, op de rechteroever van de Jeker, liggen enkele landhuizen uit de jaren 1930, die met hun tuinen aan het park grenzen. Aansluitend liggen twee villa's van Theo Teeken uit 1988 en 1989, en een woonhuis met atelier van Frans Dingemans uit 1949.

In het aan het Jekerpark grenzende Sportpark Jekerdal is in 2006 een nieuw clubhuis gerealiseerd van tennisvereniging Kimbria naar ontwerp van Jo Janssen. Het gebouw is opgezet als een vrijstaand volume aan de rand van een verdiept gelegen terrein. Door de getrapte opbouw van het terrein en door de ligging van het gebouw op een plateau, is er uitzicht over de tennisbanen. Een bestaande volgroeide boom werd opgenomen in het plateau en staat precies in de as van het gebouw. Het gebouw is bekleed met western red cedar en gaat daardoor op in de omgeving.

Externe link
 'Jekerdalpark', op www.sintpietersberg.org

Park in Maastricht
Maastricht-Zuidwest


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I recently mentioned playing "The Obedience Game" instead of watching TV. Mike Arnzen asked for the rules.
The game itself isn't all that complex. It's like Simon Says, without the potentially confusing part about having to say "Simon Says" first.
I might occasionally slip in some tasks such as "Practice your recital piece" or "Put away three pink toys," and healthy routines and good behavior become part of an enjoyable communal activity, not a terrible chore. (Hence the quotation from Tom Sawyer).
What really makes it fun for the kids, however, is that they get a turn to order Daddy around, too. Carolyn, who turned three this month, particularly enjoys the sense of power.
The game developed when Peter was a toddler out on the playground. I learned that, if I periodically called him over for no reason other than to give him a hug and tell him he was good, he was far more likely to listen to me when I needed to redirect his behavior.
When we're waiting in line in the grocery store or at the DMV, invoking The Obedience Game is usually good for about ten or fifteen minutes. Sometimes Carolyn will request it herself. I try not gloat at the expressions of strangers who marvel at how much my kids enjoy taking orders.
30 Apr 2005 in Culture, Humanities, Literature, Personal, Philosophy.


text:
Gale Health and Wellness
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Online resource that provides complete references and services for physicians, students, and health professionals who need immediate access to authoritative and current medical data. Mobile access requires a personal profile username and password.
This resource is being supported through collaborative efforts between the KU Libraries and the KU Medical Center.
Search Elsevier's current medical and surgical content including: First Consult, journals, medical and surgical books, videos and images.
A collection of databases that contain high quality evidence to inform healthcare decision-making, including systematic reviews, technology assessments, economic evaluations and individual clinical trials.
Provides content covering all areas of health and wellness from mainstream medicine to complementary, holistic, and integrated medicine. Full text content available to reference books, images, videos, and consumer health related periodicals.
This resource is being supported through collaborative efforts between the KU Libraries and the State Library of Kansas.
Provides citations, abstracts, and full-text material to topics in health and medicine, medications, and wellness. Sources include encyclopedias, directories, medical dictionaries, magazines, journals, and newspapers.
Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine
Covers a complete range of health care topics. This collection includes journal articles, books, pamphlets, and video.
Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition
Provides nearly 550 scholarly full-text journals focusing on many medical disciplines. Coverage of nursing and allied health is particularly strong.
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A collection of medical research and investigatory journals from Latin American and Spanish publishers. This Spanish language database contains the table of contents and full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals.
Provides indexing and abstracts to the biomedical and life sciences literature. MEDLINE can also be searched through the Web of Knowledge platform. MEDLINE is the largest component of PubMed. Dates of coverage: 1949 to present.
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Covers the Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress. Produced at the headquarters of the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Includes citations to literature on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental-health consequences of traumatic events.
Journal citations and abstracts collected from the life sciences literature from 1947 to the present. Over 4,800 journals are indexed in the areas of clinical medicine, biomedicine, and health care.
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Provides access to CAplus, MedLine, CASREACT, and the Registry database from Chemical Abstracts Service. Registration is required. The database includes journal articles, book chapters, patents, conference proceedings, technical reports, substance database and dissertations covered in Chemical Abstracts. The license includes the substructure search module. For guides and tutorials, see SciFinder Training Materials.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Hot Toddy is traditionally enjoyed when it is cold and wet – usually as a bedtime drink, but also, some say, as a cure to cold and flu. All and all a winter's drink then! We have created our own version replacing the traditional liquor with Leopard's Leap Shiraz (don't get us started on the health properties of red wine …), adding some warming spices, coconut oil (another health trend!), decadent dark chocolate and a finishing-off touch of vanilla. Whether you believe in the health claims or not, don't you feel better already?


A rejuvenated Eamonn Brady hopes months of gym work and practice will reap dividends at the PGA Play-Offs in Turkey this week, writes the PGA.
The Clontarf head PGA pro takes on the cream of UK PGA pros in the 72-hole event at Antalya Golf Club's PGA Sultan course from November 27-30.
A number of European and Challenge Tour spots up for grabs for the leading finishers in the £15,000 including ten spots at next year's BMW PGA Championship.
Brady, 41, heads to the Turkish resort on the back of a return to form over the summer which saw him capture the PGA in Ireland Order of Merit.
But his upturn in fortunes on the fairways, which saw him pip David Higgins (Waterville Links) and Colm Moriarty (Drive Golf Performance) to the Order of Merit, was no flash in the pan, carved out instead on the back of intense winter practice and regular gym sessions.
"I turned 40 last year and I decided to do something with my life and get stuck in so I started training in the gym, practised hard over the winter and did a lot of work with my swing coach (Bryan Omelia) and a sports psychologist and did everything properly for a change," he said.
Brady, a three-time PGA Europro Tour winner and winner on the Canadian Tour, blamed a mid-life crisis for his leap into action but is delighted with the fruits of his hard labours.
"Working hard feeds on itself, the harder you work the more you get out of it. I never thought at my age I would be putting this much work in to my golf.
His exploits are keenly followed by members of his club while his uncle, the ex-Arsenal legend Liam, is another who will be wishing him well.
"Balancing the shop and lessons with playing more events was hard but the response from the club has been great," he added.
The Play-Offs features a 25 man field comprising the top three from each of the PGA's seven regions plus the Titleist & FootJoy PGA Professional Champion and runners up plus the Galvin Green PGA Assistants' Champion.
Colm Moriarty made the most of a lightning quick start to take a first round lead in the PGA Play-Offs over a weather-beaten PGA Sultan Course.
Leading trio Colm Moriarty, David Higgins and Eamonn Brady will tee it up in next May's BMW PGA at Wentworth.
Richard Wallis (above) is tied for the lead with David Higgins with just 12 holes to go in the 54-hole PGA Play-offs. Picture: Matthew Lewis/Getty ImagesDavid Higgins will go into the last 12 holes of the weather-reduced Titleist PGA Play-Offs tied for the lead with defending champion Richard Wallis and gunning for revenge.
Richard Wallis with the Titleist PGA Play-Offs Trophy. Picture: Matthew Lewis at Getty ImagesDavid Higgins might have suffered a late collapse but he still declared it "Mission Accomplished" as he secured precious European Tour starts and a place in the PGA Cup side after finishing second to Richard Wallis in the Titleist PGA Play-Offs in Turkey.


text:
Key Issues > Medical Product Oversight - High Risk Issue
Medical Product Oversight - High Risk Issue
Americans depend on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety and effectiveness of medical products—drugs, biologics, and medical devices. FDA's medical product responsibilities are far-reaching and demands on the agency have soared in recent years.
ISSUE SUMMARY
KEY REPORTS
RELATED GAO LINKS
GAO CONTACT
FDA faces multiple challenges that threaten its ability to protect public health. These challenges make medical product oversight a high risk issue and include:
The United States has become increasingly dependent on global markets to supply its drugs and medical devices. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), nearly 40 percent of the finished drugs and about 50 percent of the medical devices used in the United States are made overseas, which has complicated FDA's efforts to assess the quality of these medical products.
FDA has attempted to respond to this through a variety of activities, such as by increasing the number of foreign establishments it inspects each year. However, the agency could do more, such as develop performance measures for, and meaningfully assess the effectiveness of, its foreign offices.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Inspections of Domestic and Foreign Drug Establishments, Fiscal Year 2007 through June 30, 2016
Drug shortages continue to be a serious public health concern, despite FDA's efforts to prevent and mitigate supply issues. Though new reports of drug shortages have declined in recent years, the total number of shortages during any given year—including both new shortages and ongoing shortages that began in a prior year—remains high. Although FDA alone cannot guarantee drug availability, the agency needs to conduct periodic analyses to assess drug shortage information and identify risk factors for potential drug shortages.
Drug Shortages, 2010- 2015
Drug safety monitoring
FDA may use expedited programs, such as "fast track" or "breakthrough therapy" designations, to bring drugs to market more quickly to treat serious or life-threatening conditions. These expedited programs sometimes allow drugs to be approved based on fewer or smaller clinical trials.
FDA conducts ongoing safety monitoring for all the drugs it approves after they go to market. However, the agency lacks reliable, readily accessible data to support this type of systematic oversight. Consequently, it cannot fully determine whether expedited drugs have different safety issues once they are more widely used than nonexpedited drugs.
For more on GAO's reports and recommendations, see the key reports tab above.
Looking for our recommendations? Click on any report to find each associated recommendation and its current implementation status.
High-Risk Series: Substantial Efforts Needed to Achieve Greater Progress on High-Risk Areas
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-19-157SP
GAO-19-157SP: Published: Mar 6, 2019. Publicly Released: Mar 6, 2019.
Every 2 years, we report on federal programs and operations that are vulnerable to waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement, or that need broad reform—our High Risk List. Our 2019 report reviews the status of areas on the list and outlines steps to lasting solutions. The ratings for over half of the 35 areas on our list remain unchanged. Since our last update, 7 areas improved and 3 regressed. We...
Highlights (PDF, 2 pages)
Print Version (PDF, 293 pages)
Accessible Version (PDF, 379 pages)
PODCAST: 2019 High Risk Update
VIDEO: High Risk: VA Acquisition Management
Medical Devices: Cancer Risk Led FDA to Warn Against Certain Uses of Power Morcellators and Recommend New Labeling
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-231
GAO-17-231: Published: Feb 7, 2017. Publicly Released: Feb 8, 2017.
In 1991, FDA allowed the first laparoscopic power morcellator—a device that cuts tissue into small pieces, which can be removed during minimally invasive surgeries—on the U.S. market. In late 2013, the agency began to receive reports that these devices may spread a difficult-to-diagnose cancer when used to treat uterine fibroids. In April 2014, FDA estimated that the risk of having the type o...
Print Version (PDF, 49 pages)
Accessible Version (PDF, 54 pages)
Drug Safety: FDA Has Improved Its Foreign Drug Inspection Program, but Needs to Assess the Effectiveness and Staffing of Its Foreign Offices
GAO-17-143: Published: Dec 16, 2016. Publicly Released: Jan 17, 2017.
Much of the U.S. drug supply is manufactured overseas. FDA inspects drug manufacturing facilities around the world to ensure that their drugs are safe for the U.S. market. FDA uses a risk-based approach to select which manufacturing establishments to inspect—prioritizing those that make drugs which, if defective, pose the greatest public health risk. In part to help its inspection efforts, FDA...
PODCAST: FDA Oversight of Foreign Drug Safety
Drug Compounding: FDA Has Taken Steps to Implement Compounding Law, but Some States and Stakeholders Reported Challenges
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-64
A 2012 outbreak of fungal meningitis raised concerns about state and federal oversight of drug compounding, which is the process of creating a drug tailored for an individual patient. To improve public safety, a 2013 law helped clarify FDA's authority to oversee this practice. We found that FDA and some states collect data on the number of drug compounders, but not the volume of compounded drugs...
E-Supplement
Drug Shortages: Certain Factors Are Strongly Associated with This Persistent Public Health Challenge
GAO-16-595: Published: Jul 7, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 7, 2016.
When available supplies of prescription drugs are insufficient, patient care may be adversely affected. The number of new shortages has generally decreased since 2011, while the number of ongoing shortages remained high.Number of Drug Shortages from January 2010 through December 2015 To help address shortages, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prioritized the review of—more quickly reviewed...
Drug Safety: Preliminary Findings Indicate Persistent Challenges with FDA Foreign Inspections
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-262T
GAO-20-262T: Published: Dec 10, 2019. Publicly Released: Dec 10, 2019.
More than 60% of drug manufacturers for the U.S. market are located overseas. The Food and Drug Administration inspects foreign and domestic drug manufacturers to ensure drug safety and effectiveness. Among other things, we testified that: The number of inspections of foreign drug manufacturers has declined since FY 2016, which FDA attributes in part to fewer inspectors and difficulty filling jo...
Obesity Drugs: Few Adults Used Prescription Drugs for Weight Loss and Insurance Coverage Varied
GAO-19-577: Published: Aug 9, 2019. Publicly Released: Aug 9, 2019.
About 38% of U.S. adults have obesity and are at risk of developing conditions like heart disease, which are associated with increased risk of death. There are nine FDA-approved drugs to help treat obesity. Among U.S. adults with obesity, relatively few (about 660,000/year) used an obesity drug, according to estimates for 2012–2016. Health insurance plans might not cover obesity drugs. Some Me...
Opioid Crisis: Status of Public Health Emergency Authorities
https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-685R
GAO-18-685R: Published: Sep 26, 2018. Publicly Released: Oct 23, 2018.
Over 42,000 people died from opioid overdoses in 2016, according to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Partly due to this, HHS declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency on October 26, 2017. This declaration allows HHS some leeway to conduct certain activities in response to the opioid crisis. For example, we found that HHS waived the public notice period for approval of...
FDA Medical Device Reviews: Evaluation is Needed to Assure Requests for Additional Information Follow a Least Burdensome Approach
FDA regulates medical devices to ensure they are safe and effective, and relies on the organization sponsoring the device (usually the manufacturer) to provide the relevant information when the device is submitted for review. FDA is required to use a "least burdensome" approach in its review of medical devices, including when it requests additional information from sponsors. We looked at FDA�...
Public Health Information Technology: HHS Has Made Little Progress toward Implementing Enhanced Situational Awareness Network Capabilities
GAO-17-377: Published: Sep 6, 2017. Publicly Released: Sep 6, 2017.
The Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (PAHPRA) required the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish an electronic nationwide public health situational awareness network and to develop an implementation plan to guide its efforts. The law further required HHS to include in its plan specific activities for incorporating data into the network. HHS de...
Medical Devices: Capabilities and challenges of technologies to enable rapid diagnoses of infectious diseases
GAO-17-347: Published: Aug 14, 2017. Publicly Released: Sep 13, 2017.
Commercially available multiplex point-of-care technologies (MPOCTs) have a range of performance characteristics that describe, among other things, the ability of the technology to correctly identify the presence or absence of a pathogen. Some of these characteristics are used by the FDA to evaluate the technologies prior to approval; other attributes are considered by developers in designing and...
PODCAST: Rapid Simultaneous Diagnosis of Multiple Human Infectious Diseases
Medicare: CMS Should Evaluate Providing Coverage for Disposable Medical Devices That Could Substitute for Durable Medical Equipment
GAO-17-600: Published: Jul 17, 2017. Publicly Released: Jul 17, 2017.
Medicare spent $6.7 billion on durable medical equipment (generally, equipment that lasts at least 3 years) in 2015. Companies have developed disposable versions of some of these medical devices, such as insulin pumps, that could act as potential substitutes. We found that some of these disposable devices could potentially save money or result in better health outcomes compared to the durable vers...
Antibiotic Resistance: More Information Needed to Oversee Use of Medically Important Drugs in Food Animals
GAO-17-192: Published: Mar 2, 2017. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2017.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are one of the biggest threats to global health, sickening an estimated 2 million people in the United States each year. There is strong evidence that some resistance in bacteria is caused by antibiotic use in food animals (cattle, poultry, swine). We found gaps in FDA's oversight of antibiotic use in food animals and USDA's and HHS's data collection, among other...
PODCAST: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Food Animals
Public Health Emergencies: HHS Needs to Better Communicate Requirements and Revise Plans for Assessing Impact of Personnel Reassignment
GAO-17-187: Published: Jan 9, 2017. Publicly Released: Jan 9, 2017.
In a public health emergency—such as a flu pandemic or natural disaster—staff at state and local health departments may need extra help responding. In such cases, personnel funded by certain Health and Human Services programs may be reassigned from their regular duties to help with emergency response. While no state has needed to request this help yet, we looked at how HHS plans to approve re...
Information Security: FDA Needs to Rectify Control Weaknesses That Place Industry and Public Health Data at Risk
Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), has taken steps to safeguard the seven systems GAO reviewed, a significant number of security control weaknesses jeopardize the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information and systems. The agency did not fully or consistently implement access controls, which are inte...
PODCAST: FDA Information Security
Since the issuance of our limited distribution report, FDA told us that it has taken actions to correct the weaknesses we identified. Further, FDA provided us with information on its corrective actions; we are in the process of determining whether these actions sufficiently address implementation of our recommendations.
High Risk: Oversight of Medical Products
AskGAOLive Chat on Prescription Drug Shortages
AskGAOLive Chat on Internet Pharmacies
Public Health Threats from Prescription Drug ShortagesMonday, February 10, 2014
FDA Oversight of Drug CompoundingWednesday, July 31, 2013
FDA's Oversight of Antibiotic Drug LabelingTuesday, January 31, 2012
Prescription Drug Shortages and FDA's ResponseThursday, December 15, 2011
FDA Oversight of Medical DevicesWednesday, April 13, 2011
FDA's Oversight of Drug Imports and Foreign InspectionsMonday, October 25, 2010
FDA Oversight of Foreign Drug SafetyTuesday, January 17, 2017
High-Risk Issues
Protecting Public Health through Enhanced Oversight of Medical Products
Related Key Issues Pages
Health Care Quality
Federal Efforts to Prevent Drug Misuse
Improving Federal Programs that Serve Tribes and Their Members - High Risk Issue
Managing Risks and Improving VA Health Care
Medicaid - High Risk Issue
Medicare - High Risk Issue
Prescription Drug Spending
Reducing Government-wide Improper Payments
Supports and Services for Transitioning Veterans
Toxic Chemicals - High Risk Issue
VA and DOD Health Care Management
VA and DOD Patient Care
Mary Denigan-Macauley
Acting Director, Health Care
deniganmacauleym@gao.gov
John Dicken
Director, Health Care
dickenj@gao.gov


text:
TOT-IEAT pact to support infrastructure (Bangkok Post)
State telecom enterprise TOT yesterday signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT) to support telecom infrastructure in 14 industrial estates and an industrial port under the IEAT management.
Called "Fibre to the factory", the MoU would usher in the installation of telecom infrastructure, which would benefit these industrial estates and support the Industry 4.0 scheme.
The move is also expected to be a boon for TOT's infrastructure-sharing business, especially during a transition period of the merger of TOT and CAT Telecom, another state telecom enterprise, into National Telecom (NT), which is set to be launched in January next year.
TOT acting president Morakot Thienmontree said the MoU would also pave the way for the joint study of new business opportunities and support digital service adoption.
"TOT will provide telecom infrastructure in the industrial estates, ranging from cable conduits and fibre-optics to digital solutions and services," said Mr Morakot.
Recently, TOT also inked a three-year MoU for a collaboration with the Eastern Economic Corridor Office of Thailand (EECO) for a telecom infrastructure offering under the concept of infrastructure-sharing as well as 5G-based solutions for vertical industry under the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) scheme.
To read the rest of the article, please use this link: https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2035415/tot-ieat-pact-to-support-infrastructure
By Bangkok Post | December 18th, 2020


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FOX24 News at 9 pm | Tune in …
Former Centerton Animal Shelter director will not face charges related to unnecessary euthanasia
by: Justin Trobaugh
CENTERTON, Ark. (KNWA/KFTA) — The former Centerton Animal Shelter director accused of unnecessarily euthanizing dogs will not face criminal charges.
In December, Centerton police began an investigation into the euthanasia of two dogs by the animal shelter.
The investigation revealed that there were other options available other than killing them.
Centerton police investigating euthanasia of two dogs that were deemed unnecessary
Benton county prosecuting attorney Nathan Smith sent out a statement saying:
"Arkansas law criminalizes cruelty to animals, generally defined as mistreatment or torture. The euthanasia of the dogs, in this case, does not appear to have been done to inflict mistreatment or torture, but rather due to the shelter employee`s belief that the dogs displayed aggressive behavior. Regardless of whether this employee made the right decision, I do not believe that his decision constituted a criminal act."
Nathan Smith, Benton County Prosecuting Attorney


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Q: What is the purpose of the "description" field in JSON Schemas? I'm not sure what the purpose of a JSON Schema "description" field is.  Does the field serve as a space to comment? Does the field serve as an ID?
{
    "id": "http://www.noodle.org/entry-schema#",
    "schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "description": "schema for online courses",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "institution": {
            "type": "object",
           "$ref" : "#/definitions/institution"
        },
        "person": {
            "type": "object",
            "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "$ref": "#/definitions/person"
            }
    "definitions": {
        "institution": {
            "description": "University",
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "name":{"type":"string"},
                "url":{
                    "format": "uri",
                    "type": "string"
                },
                "descriptionofinstitution":{"type":"string"},
                "location": {
                    "description": "location",
                "type": "string",
                "required": true
                }
        }

}

A: According to the JSON-Schema specification (http://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-validation.html#anchor98), the purpose of the "description" (and "title") fields is to decorate a user interface with information about the data produced by this user interface. A title will preferrably be short, whereas a description will provide explanation about the purpose of the instance described by this schema.

A: It is probably some additional explanation, in order to enhance the knowledge concerning the specific entry, if the id is not enough. Of course it doesn't affect the behavior of the code as code itself

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Correct interpretation of ANOVA post-hoc results. Which group is the best one? Consider the situation in which one should investigate, which treatment or treatments (of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) is/are the most effective (highest decrease) and which is/are the worst (lowest decrease, see figure below).

One made an ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis-like test, which showed a statistically significant difference. Then continued with posthoc pairwise comparisons and summarized the results in the plot below. Non-capital letters a, b, c (the compact letter display, cld) above the box-plots and jittered points of data indicate statistical (in)significance in a concise way: if treatment groups share the same non-capital letter, then the differences between the groups are not statistically significant. E.g., comparing treatments G and H result is insignificant ($p \ge 0,05$) as G and H shares the same letter "e".
Questions:

*

*It's not clear for me: basing on the results, how should I answer the question, which treatment (or group of treatments) is the most effective and which is the least effective?

*Is it correct to state that treatments, which share letter "a", are the least effective and the ones, which share "e", are the most effective? Won't it be a misinterpretation of the results as there is no strict boundary between groups of treatments, e.g., treatment G has letter "e" but E has letters "d" and "e", treatment D has "c" and "d" and so on?

For the analysis, I used R and dataset called OrchardSprays.
My question is related to this one but touches different aspects of result interpretation.

A: Seems to me that you are wanting statistical test-based criteria for describing the relationships between the treatment efficacies. Don't do that! Instead, describe the order of size of effect (use the mean and/or the median effects) and leave it there.
The sample sizes are small relative to the variability and inter-treatment effect size differences and so the descriptor of "most effective" for your data might not be reliable for a larger population.
(It is worth noting that all of the treatments appear to be at least minimally effective, and so a dose-response curve for each treatment might show that they are equally effective but differ in potency. Do not discard drug candidates on the basis of a single dose study.)

A: I have changed my mind since my comment.
The only two places where there is ambiguity in my mind is if E is tied with F, G, and H, and if B is tied with A. I say no. I am going to talk in absolutes and say that we know something in the next paragraph. That avoids the awkwardness of always saying that we have evidence through some significant p-value.
We know that F, G, and H are contenders for the top spot. We don't know if E is in that group. However, we know that D is not as as good as F, G, and H. Since we cannot find a significant difference between D and E, E should not be regarded as a contender for the top spot. Similarly, we know that A is a contender for the worst performance. We don't know about B. However, we know that C outperformed A. Since we do not have a difference between B and C, B should not be regarded as a contender for the bottom spot.
Consequently, A is the lone group that can be said to have performed the worst, while further testing is needed to tell which is the best of F, G, and H, though these three are the top performers.
Edit: Read the comments.


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A pluralistic account of epistemic rationality
Kopec, M., Aug 2018, In: Synthese. 195, 8, p. 3571-3596 26 p.
A plant traits approach to managing legacy species during restoration transitions in temperate eucalypt woodlands
Cole, I. A., Prober, S. M., Lunt, I. D. & Koen, T. B., 2016, In: Restoration Ecology. 24, 3, p. 354-363 10 p.
A plant strategy approach to understand multidecadal change in community assembly processes in Australian grassy woodlands
Cross, E., Green, P. T. & Morgan, J. W., Sep 2015, In: Journal of Ecology. 103, 5, p. 1300-1307 8 p.
A plan for the co-construction and collaborative use of rubrics for student learning
Kilgour, P., Northcote, M., Anthony, W. & Kilgour, A., 2020, In: Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. 45, 1, p. 140-153 14 p.
A place for new research directions
Higgs, J. & Loftus, S., 2008, Clinical reasoning in the health professions. 3rd ed. / 19 ed. Sydney: Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 213-220 8 p.
Research output: Book chapter/Published conference paper › Chapter
A place for monsters: Wolf Creek and the Australian Outback
Rosser, E., 2013, In: Journal of Monsters and the Monstrous. 3, 2, p. 76-85 10 p.
A Place Called Organised: Critical Action Research as House/Homework
Horsfall, D. & Armitage, L., 2007, Being Critical and Creative in Qualitative Research. 1 ed. Sydney, Australia: Hampden Press, p. 190-201 12 p. 17
A pituitary tumor turned-to-be a glioma: A surgical case from the Madras General Hospital 1928
Raman, R. & Raman, A., 01 Oct 2018, In: Indian Journal of Cancer. 55, 4, p. 424-427 4 p.
A pilot study to compare oxidative status between organically and conventionally managed dairy cattle during the transition period
Abuelo, A., Hernández, J., Benedito, J. L. & Castillo, C., 01 Aug 2015, In: Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 50, 4, p. 538-544 7 p.
A pilot study of Vipassana meditation with female drug users at a rehabilitation centre, Thailand
Wongtongkam, N. & Bhavanaveeranusith, P., 28 Nov 2019, In: Therapeutic Communities. 40, 3-4, p. 132-141 10 p.
A Pilot study of males in speech pathology: Reasons for and experiences of entering, leaving and continuing in the profession.
McAllister, L. & Neve, B., 2005, Practicality and impact: Making a difference in the real world. Heine, C. & Brown, L. (eds.). Melbourne, Australia: Speech Pathology Australia
A pilot study in challenging pre-service education students' anxieties about their practical experiences in professional education.
Campbell, M. & Uusimaki, L., 2006, Proceedings Practical Experiences in Professional Education Conference. Haigh, M. & Beddoe, E. (eds.). New Zealand: Faculty of Education, The University of Auckland, p. 60-67 8 p.
A pilot study exploring nursing knowledge of depression and suicidal ideation in Kenya
Muga, T., Mbuthia, G., Gatimu, S. M. & Rossiter, R., 02 Jan 2019, In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 40, 1, p. 15-20 6 p.
A pilot program to monitor fruit fly infestation of fruit intercepted at roadside inspections in New South Wales
Domminak, B., Gurr, G., Simmons, A. & Begum, M., 2005, In: General and Applied Entomology. 34, n/a, p. 15-16 2 p.
A pilot in vitro biomechanical comparison of locking compression plate fixation and kerf cut cylinder fixation for ventral fusion of fourth and fifth equine cervical vertebrae
Reardon, R., Bailey, R., Walmsley, J., Heller, J. & Lischer, C., 2009, In: Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 22, 5, p. 371-379 9 p.
A pilot evaluation instrument for work integrated learning
Ebbs, P. & Gonzalez, P., 28 Nov 2019.
Research output: Other contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review
A piecewise regression approach for determining biologically relevant hydraulic thresholds for the protection of fishes at river infrastructure
Boys, C. A., Robinson, W., Miller, B., Pflugrath, B., Baumgartner, L. J., Navarro Cuenca, A., Brown, R. & Deng, Z., 2016, In: Journal of Fish Biology. 88, 5, p. 1677-1692 16 p.
Apical plug technique in a calcified immature tooth: A case report
Gujjar, K. R., Sharma, R., Amith, H. V., Amith, S. & Indushekar, K. R., 01 Jan 2015, In: General Dentistry. 63, 1, p. e12-e15 4 p.
A physical training framework for reserve personnel: A rationalization and recommendations
Orr, R. M., Pope, R. P. & Knapik, J. J., 01 Aug 2016, In: Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38, 4, p. 36-41 6 p.
A phylogenetic reassessment of the rare S. E. Asian firefly genus PYGOLUCIOLA Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Ballantyne, L. & Lambkin, C., 2006, In: Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 54, 1, p. 21-48 28 p.
A phylogenetic and pathogenic comparison of potential biocontrol agents for weeds in the family Alismataceae from Australia and Korea
Ash, G., Chung, Y., McKenzie, C. & Cother, E., 2008, In: Australian Plant Pathology Society Newsletter. 37, 4, p. 402-405 4 p.
A photograph is evidence of nothing but itself
Bremner, C. & Roxburgh, M., 2015, The Routledge companion to design research. Rodgers, P. & Yee, J. (eds.). 1st ed. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, p. 203-214 12 p.
A photo-elicitation study of paramedics' perceptions of mental illness
Houston, J., Rae, J. & Brewster, L., 2020, In: Irish Journal of Paramedicine. 5, 1, p. 1-17 17 p.
A philosophy of social work beyond the anthropocene
Bell, K., 2021, Post-Anthropocentric social work: Critical posthuman and new materialist perspectives. Bozalek, V. & Pease, B. (eds.). 1st ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, p. 58-68 11 p.
A philosophical-empirical interrogation of infant participation in research
Elwick, S., 2016, Australia: Charles Sturt University. 263 p.
Research output: Thesis › Doctoral Thesis
A Philosopher Looks at Contemporary Terrorism
Primoratz, I., 2007, In: Cardozo Law Review. 29, 1, p. 33-51 19 p.
A phenomenological study of other-generated disclosure in online social networks
Chutikulrungsee, T., 2020, Australia: Charles Sturt University. 417 p.
A phenomenological look to the meaning of the lived experience of confusion in product selection
Mohaimani, M., Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, K. & Mansourian, Y., 2019, In: Journal of Business Management (JBM). 11, 3, p. 609-630 21 p.
A phase I/II study to evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of Hillchol®, an inactivated single Hikojima strain based oral cholera vaccine, in a sequentially age descending population in Bangladesh
Chowdhury, F., Ali Syed, K., Akter, A., Rahman Bhuiyan, T., Tauheed, I., Khaton, F., Biswas, R., Ferdous, J., Al Banna, H., Ross, A. G., Mc Millan, N., Sharma, T., Kanchan, V., Pal Singh, A., Gill, D., Lebens, M., Nordqvist, S., Holmgren, J., Clemens, J. D. & Qadri, F., 22 Jul 2021, In: Vaccine. 39, 32, p. 4450-4457 8 p.
A pharmacy asthma service achieves a change in patient responses from increased awareness to taking responsibility for their asthma
Naik-Panvelkar, P., Saini, B., LeMay, K. S., Emmerton, L. M., Stewart, K., Burton, D., Bosnic-Anticevich, S. Z., Krass, I., Smith, L. D. & Armour, C. L., Jun 2015, In: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 23, 3, p. 182-191 10 p.
A Perspective on the Development of Knowledge of Spirituality and Aging in Nursing and Pastoral Care: An Australian Context.
MacKinlay, E., 2008, In: Journal of Religion, Spirituality and Aging. 20, 1-2, p. 135-152 18 p.
A personalised approach to building workplace readiness skills
Hunter, C. & Bracken, L., 2018.
Research output: Other contribution to conference › Presentation only › peer-review
A personal essay on the role of the nurse
Shields, L., Feb 2013, In: Contemporary Nurse. 43, 2, p. 213-218 6 p.
A persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating Myotis lucifugus, the North American little brown bat
Subudhi, S., Rapin, N., Bollinger, T. K., Hill, J. E., Donaldson, M. E., Davy, C. M., Warnecke, L., Turner, J. M., Kyle, C. J., Willis, C. K. R. & Misra, V., Sep 2017, In: Journal of General Virology. 98, 9, p. 2297-2309 13 p.
A Perpetual State of Zombie Warfare
Gibson, S., 2015, Melbourne : Overland Literary Journal.
A performance for the award winning short film Spectre
Overton, N., 2013
Research output: Non-textual outputs, including Creative Works › Creative Works - Recorded or Rendered works
A perfect marker for fragrance genotyping in rice
Bradbury, L. M. T., Henry, R. J., Jin, Q., Reinke, R. F. & Waters, D. L. E., Nov 2005, In: Molecular Breeding. 16, 4, p. 279-283 5 p.
A Perfect Injustice: Plato, Power and the Ring of Corruption
Spence, E. & Nesbitt, L., 2003
Research output: Non-textual outputs, including Creative Works › Creative Works - Live Performance
A Perfect Injustice
A people world, rather than a paper world—Bronwyn Hyde
Pawar, M. & Bowles, W., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 101-122 22 p.
A pedagogical approach in compulsory science curriculum subjects for pre-service primary teachers that works.
McKinnon, D. & Danaia, L., 2008, Teacher Educators at Work: What works and where is the evidence?. Aspland, T. (ed.). Sunshine Coast: ATEA, p. 1-10 10 p.
A peaceable hope: Contesting violent eschatology in New Testament narratives
Neville, D., 2013, 1 ed. United States: Baker Academic. 288 p.
A patient specific image registration breast model for PET/MRI
Xue, C. & Tang, F., 2013, WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering. p. 496-496 1 p.
A Pathogenic Population Of Il23r+ IL-17-secreting γδ T Cells Are Enriched In As Patients: AR10
Kenna, T., Davidson, S., Duan, R., Bradbury, L., Mcfarlane, J., Street, S., Thomas, R., Thomas, G. & Brown, M., 2011, p. 4-4. 1 p.
A Path Analytic Model and Measurement of Job Satisfaction among Frontline Employees
Aladwan, K., Ramudu, B. & Fish, A., 2011, p. 27. 1 p.
Apatemon sp. G75C_1_5 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence: GenBank: MT446446.1
Shamsi, S., 2020
Research output: Non-textual outputs, including Creative Works › Entry in Database/Database/Reference collection
Apatemon sp. G75C_1_5 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence: GenBank: MW539002.1
Apatemon sp. G75C_1_5 large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence: GenBank: MW538987.1


Hashing results in fingerprint of data provided as an input to hashing functions. We are going to see about two PHP functions that create hash code that can otherwise call as a message digest.
These functions are creating hash code using MD5(Message Digest Algorithm) and SHA1(Secured Hashing Algorithm) for creating required fingerprint, and, they are listed below.
md5()-Creates message digest for the given string passed as its argument.
sha1()-It also used for generating a hash code, but, more secured compared with md5().
For the optional second argument, $raw_output, boolean FALSE will be taken by default. Otherwise, we should set this flag, if we want to get raw binary content as a result of md5() function. This argument is added as of PHP version 5.
PHP also contains another function to handle files with respect to what the hash code can be created. This function creates MD5 hashing with respect to the given file name, and it is named as md5_file(). This function also accepts the same set of two arguments like md5(). But, we should specify name and path of the file instead of a string as the first argument.
And then, md5() returns 32-bit code as a message digest for the given input as expected. If, the $raw_output is set as TRUE, then, this function will return 16-bit binary code.
sha1() function also used for the same purpose of creating hash code from the input string, but, it is more secure compared with md5(). But, the performance in this security point of view will not be significant on implementation.
Like we have seen in md5(), the first argument, $input_string is mandatory, and, the other is optional boolean, taken as FALSE by default. And, the equal PHP function that uses secured hashing algorithm for creating SHA code with respect to file is, sha1_file(), as like as md5_file().
And then, this function have significant difference with PHP md5() with the length of the hash code it generates, that is, 40-bit hash code, whereas md5 generates 32-bit digest. With respect to the optional second $raw_output argument, if TRUE, this function will return 20-bit binary code.
Let us have an example PHP program, that displays the resultant hash code of both hashing function, we have seen above. And, it also contains, code for invoking such function with both possible values of $raw_output boolean.
In the above PHP program, we have stored results of all possible attempts of invoking md5() and sha1() functions with a different combination of its arguments.
After executing this program, we can see the code returned on invoking functions, with empty or with FALSE values of $raw_output, are identical. And also, we can see some unreadable binary code returned as the output of the following lines.
There are no other PHP functions to restore the hash code to its original input string or file content, once it is generated.
SHA1 is said to be secured if we compare with a MD5 algorithm; But, some other versions of algorithms in SHA group, like, SHA256, SHA512 are more secure than SHA1.
These functions are not suitable for password hashing to protect password from a hacker. Because the code returned by these functions are easily breakable.
i want to write a code for fingerprint recognition. how to use these md5() & sha1() functions in my code.


SAFE Gas Cylinder Boxes are especially suitable for the storage of small gas cylinders. They protect gas bottles from all weather influences. The lockable gas boxes with closed walls and roof prevent theft and access by unauthorised personnel.
SAFE Gas Cylinder Boxes comply with the German Technical Guidance Rules for Gas ("Technische Regeln Druckgase -TRG 280") of the German Commission for Pressure Tanks ("DBA - Deutscher Druckbehälterausschuss") and are used wherever gas cylinders are stored, sold or used.


Walkaround of the giant Japanese hornet, Vespa mandarinia (Smith, 1852) by Mushibuchi (year unknown). I have this figure thanks to Brett who stumbled upon it on YAJ. I was unfamiliar with the brand. Some Google searching shows they have a few other insects including what must be the only figure of a member of the order Plecoptera as well as a flying dung beetle suggestive of Heliocopris! Vespa mandarinia is not uncommonly made in toy/figure form and I have additional figures by Kaiyodo (2x), Subarudo, Rement, Yujin, Break Co., and a larva by Shineg. I believe Takara Tomy A.R.T.S. also did one (which is probably similar if not identical to the Subarudo one).
This figure is a plastic model kit. It comes in 24 pieces: head; thorax; 5 abdominal pieces; stinger; 6 legs; 2 mandibles; 2 antennae; 2 eyes; 4 wings. The figure was intended to be assembled using ball joints (not supplied) to make the final product articulated. However, I used super glue and rigged small pieces of plastic to make everthing a secure, permanent attatchment. For one reason, I found the ball joints hard to come by without ordering from overseas, and secondly I am not a fan of articulated figures if I can help it.
The plastic is...different it seems. It is kinds of waxy (maybe I should have cleaned or treated it first?). I wanted to do all the coloring with Pitt pens, but the plastic rejected the ink somewhat. I had to use acrylic paint for the brown portions. I did use orange Pitt pens over the yellow base, however. Because the ink did not outright cover the yellow, it gave it a subtle orange tint to a yellow background. I actually like it better (although it may not show up well in the images)! I also used some black Pitt pens to highlight the brown banding on the abdomen. I coated everything with satin varnish before I glued the parts together. This plastic is really prone to chipping (even with the varnish coat) and I was periodically doing touch-ups. I am happy with the color but not sure how well it will show up in the pics. Another frustrating thing is with the way the wings were attached to the mold casts, it creates notches in three of the wings.
The figure is designed to be in flight and I am still trying to come up with a safe and attractive way to display it. The final product is 11 centimeters long (not including 2 additional centimeters for the stinger), with a wingspan of 17 centimeters and a height (with extended legs) of 12 centimeters. It is advertised as being 3:1 scale.
Not sure if I will pursue others in the series. I have seen the mantis on YAJ. If I see the plecopteran I would probably have to get that one as well as the (Heliocopris?) which may also be hard to refuse.
You did a good job constructing it - looks like it was a delicate and fiddly job.
Hmmmm...that might just work. I'll look into it, thanks!
Adam, the ornament holder is actually working well!
Excellent! I might use that method myself for some of my swimming/flying figures.


This CD contains rare recordings of Fats Waller's radio broadcasts during 1938. The broadcasts were made 'live' and recorded at the time on aceate discs.
16 You Can't Be Mine ..
The CD is remastered and produced by our friends at Tai Ping Records and is to the same high standard as our own CDs.


text:
Deborah Brevoort
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About Deborah Brevoort
Deborah Brevoort is a playwright and librettist from Alaska who now lives in the New York City area. She is an alumna of New Dramatists, one of the original company members of Perseverance Theatre in Juneau, Alaska and a co-founder of Theatre Without Borders, a group of individual artists dedicated to international theatre exchange. She is best known for her play The Women of Lockerbie,which won the Kennedy Center's Fund for New American Plays Award and the silver medal in the Onassis International Playwriting Competition. It was produced in London at the Orange Tree, off-Broadway at the New Group and Women's… (read more)
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text:
Kaktovik Wind
The severe blizzard that affected the eastern North Slope on Saturday night was notable for its ferocity in the Barter Island community of Kaktovik, as documented in a news article here. The highest sustained wind measured at the Barter Island ASOS was 49 knots (56 mph), and the highest gust was 58 knots (67 mph), but the anemometer did not report for several hours during the height of the storm. It seems very likely that winds were significantly stronger for a time.
How does this storm compare to past high wind events on Barter Island? The history of hourly observations contains quite a number of bogus wind reports in recent years, but after removing these I found that there have been 18 separate dates (in 13 separate winters) since 1950 on which sustained wind speeds reached 60 knots (69 mph). All but one of these occurred in November through March. Without question, Barter Island is a very windy place in winter, and near-hurricane force winds are not all that uncommon. The top three wind events since 1950 are as follows:
January 6, 1974 70 kt sustained
December 27, 1951 69 kt sustained
September 20, 1957 68 kt sustained
It's interesting to note that most of the 60+ knot events were in the 1950's and 60's, and there do not appear to be any reliable reports of 60 kt or higher since 1995. This could be due to different wind speed measurement parameters with the introduction of ASOS - but it is surprising nonetheless.
The highest winds at Barter Island are nearly always from a westerly direction, as in this weekend's storm. The climatological distribution of wind speed also shows a pronounced maximum for east-southeasterly flow (see below), but easterly flow does not bring the same extremes in wind speed. Winds from the north and south are typically light and are also much less frequent.
Labels: North Slope, Wind, Winter
NL7Y March 2, 2015 at 6:10 PM
Pictures from Kaktovik:
http://www.ktuu.com/news/news/as-kaktovik-recovers-from-roaring-blizard-a-second-storm-approaches/31574924
Any downwind portion of the structures typically gets buried, whereas upwind facing walls are subject to snow seepage through cracks, especially around doors. Sidewalls generally stay clean.
Richard James March 2, 2015 at 6:22 PM
Thanks, Gary. Remarkable images.
Jim Green March 4, 2015 at 5:20 PM
There was a blizzard around 9-12 January 2005 that sounds worse than this one...longer anyway. Villigers were without power for days and winds were quoted in news articles as 70 kts (they never say sustained or gust). two story high drifts. No obs for the period in the IEM database! MAybe someone knows hot to dig them up if they exist.
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/01/11/alaska.power.out/index.html
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/01/12/alaska.kaktovik/index.html
Brian B March 4, 2015 at 5:35 PM
The NCDC's hourly observation database is missing those three days. In the adn.com story the other day, a local resident said this year's blizzard was the worst they had ever seen. Of course memories are often not very reliable.
Good find, Jim! It's an interesting read - indeed 70 knot winds are rare as the mayor said. It's too bad the obs are missing - I doubt they are recoverable as the NCDC archive has a gap from 0715Z on the 9th to 0035Z on the 13th.
It does make me wonder if there are other events not recorded because the anemometer broke, power went out, or some other reason - as in the event on Saturday and in 2005. Could explain the lack of extreme winds in the ASOS era?
Eric Lundell March 4, 2015 at 8:47 PM
This is starting to sound like something a weather historian might be interested in figuring out. Was 2005 worse? We have a few weather stations "surrounding" Kaktovik, reanalysis, computer models, newspaper articles, local folklore, and a few days of missing data. I think it would be interesting to see if it's possible that 2005 is really worse just because we can.
Unless the wind obs unit is powered with a UPS or battery it's down if the local AC goes away. Too much to run an ASOS off batteries like the NPS remote units I suppose. Windmills may not survive in that environment and solar in winter???
Plus, it'd take a sturdy anemometer like one of these: http://www.youngusa.com/products/7/68.html as Ken may have discovered. I need to contact him and see if Howard Pass has been approved for an upgraded unit next winter.
Diurnal Cycles
Coldest Airmass of the Winter
Frequency of Extremes
Inversion Season Dates
Arctic Ice Update


Swinging into Spring with A.W.E.
Today, the core participants of the Artist Window Exhibit project met to discuss the May 1st start of the A.W.E. project. Artists and business owners partner to showcase the work of artists of western, Massachusetts. Lots of great ideas, great discussions flowed back and forth. The artists that were present at today's meeting were assigned to businesses they each had thought about displaying their wonderful art. We all would love to see you through the month of May, 2009 to view the amazing talented artists of the area.
As always, I look forward to your responses and love hearing about what's going on in your lives. Thank you for coming by – Susan.


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May 24, 2020, 01:34pm EDT
Civil Service Tweet Goes Viral: 'Arrogant And Offensive. Can You Imagine Having To Work With These Truth Twisters?'
May 23, 2020, 11:14am EDT
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Nov 26, 2018, 02:15pm EST |
GM Cuts Jobs And Plants To Deal With Changing Tastes And Trump Tariffs
David KileyFormer Contributor
GM is closing five plants and thousands of workers to cope with declining industry auto sales,... [+] higher costs from Trump tariffs and diminishing interest in sedans like this Buick LaCrosse.
General Motors said today it is ending production next year at five of its plants including its last remaining plant in Detroit and its Lordstown plant in Ohio. The reasons: they largely make sedans, which U.S. car buyers are increasingly rejecting in favor of SUVs; and Trump-era tariffs are creating headwinds and higher costs for the automaker.
Also on the chopping block is a parts plant in Maryland, a transmission plant in suburban Detroit, a Canadian plant in Oshawa, Ontario and a plant in Korea. In all, GM is looking to cut 15% of its global workforce. All the moves are designed to save the company $6 billion in annual costs.
That GM is looking to cut thousands of jobs at a time when the economy is performing well indicates a few realities of the global economy and the future of mobility. Ford, too, is expected to announce huge job cuts this week.
–Many forecasters project that the U.S., the best market for GM and Ford, could see annual sales fall to between 15 million and 15.5 million a year for the next five years or so because of an overheated used car supply, as well as a decline in new-vehicle ownership among consumers 20-32.
–GM, like most other car companies, is readying their operations and employee headcount for a rise in mobility usage, rather than vehicle ownership–ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft; increasing moves to city centers where consumers don't want to own vehicles; burgeoning businesses around autonomous driving fleets that will have costs competitive with car ownership. "We are right-sizing capacity for the realities of the marketplace," Chief Executive Mary Barra said, adding that GM will double resources dedicated to electric and self-driving vehicles over the next two years.
–A shift in consumer tastes away from sedans, which many plants are geared to produce, to plants that build crossovers SUVs. Ford and FCA, too, have announced they are phasing out sedans.
–Higher costs, due in part to the Trump administration steel tariffs, have already cost GM $1 billion, and those costs will persist and rise as long as they are in place.
The GM plant in Hamtramck, Michigan, an enclave considered part of Detroit, produces the Cadillac XT6 and Chevy Impala, Buick LaCrosse and Chevy Volt. The Lordstown, Ohio, plant produces the Chevy Cruze, a compact fuel-efficient sedan whose sales have been dropping with both the shift to crossovers and low gas prices that has made the cars unappealing to many buyers. The Oshawa, Canada plant, also very flexible, produces the Cadillac XTS, Chevy Impala, Chevy Silverado, and GMC Sierra. GM's other plant making its pickup trucks will be sufficient to meet market demands.
Closure of the Hamtramck plant is a huge blow to the city of Detroit as it is just 3 miles from GM headquarters, and it is also one of GM's most flexible plants as it produces four different vehicles on one line. But GM has had a knack for locating some of its slowest-selling models at the facility. Expect Michigan, with a new Democratic governor, to make a huge case for GM to locate a new product at this plant.
Of the plants targeted for an end of production, the Lordstown plant has the best chance to possibly stay open. GM will soon kick off negotiations with the UAW, and the union will likely lobby hard for a crossover vehicle to be located at the plant located east of Toledo on the Ohio turnpike. "General Motors' decision today... will not go unchallenged by the UAW," said Terry Dittes, the union's vice president in charge of negotiations with GM.
GM shares are down 18% in the past 12 months, though shares jumped more than 5% in midday trading on the news. Analysts have been noting all year that the automaker had billions in costs to attack to get more efficient to cope with declining U.S. auto sales. When the cuts are done, GM said the company will have 25% fewer white-collar executives.
The products GM is discontinuing are not poor products quality-wise, but are out of fashion, pushing the factories that build them to operate below 80% of capacity, the historic dividing line between profitable and unprofitable. The cars made there are even less profitable when they hit the market because they have to carry big incentives.
The cuts will make GM "lean and agile" as the company aims to "lead in autonomous and lead in electric vehicles," CEO Mary Barra said Monday as she made the announcement.
The GM CEO said Monday that GM will reduce annual capital spending by $1.5 billion and increase investment in electric and autonomous vehicles and connected vehicle technology. Some 75% of its global sales, she said, will come from just five vehicle architectures by the early 2020s. GM, said Barra, plans to reduce annual capital spending to $7 billion by 2020 from an average of $8.5 billion a year during the 2017-2019 period.
Politically, these moves impacting Ohio and Michigan will likely hurt the Republicans in 2020 as Donald Trump has been thumping the message that his policies would drive manufacturing jobs in Rust Belt states. Already, that message is waning as Michigan voted more Democratic earlier this month. Ohio stayed red this month, but is historically a swing state.
On Monday, after the announcement, Donald Trump sent a verbal admonishment to GM. "I have no doubt that in the not too distant future, they'll put something else. They better put something else in," Trump said.
Companies are increasingly ignoring such rhetoric from Trump, especially with a Democratic House of Representatives coming into power in January. Trump is President for two more years, but political prognosticators, based on Democrats scoring more than 7 million votes more than Republicans in the mid-terms, are beginning to predict Trump a one-term President.
David Kiley
Currently, Editor-in-Chief of New Roads Media, I have covered all aspects of the auto industry for some thirty years for publications including USA Today, Businessweek,…
Currently, Editor-in-Chief of New Roads Media, I have covered all aspects of the auto industry for some thirty years for publications including USA Today, Businessweek, AOL Autos, Popular Mechanics, Adweek and Advertising Age. Besides my journalism experience, I have also worked on auto advertising accounts for major ad agencies, including Lowe, Doner, Deutsch and Fallon. I have also written three books: Getting The Bugs Out–The Rise, Fall and Comeback of Volkswagen in America (2001); Driven–Inside BMW, The Most Admired Car Company in the World (2004) and (co-author) Writing The War: Chronicles of a World War 11 Correspondent (2015). I've also been a two-term President of the International Motor Press Association.


Next message: [linux-dvb] TwinhanDTV Alpha VP7045A USB2, firmware progress?
>> where IS implies "Input Stream" and "0xff" defines the stream id.
> for szap (szap -t 2) every time you want to tune to an other channel.
will be followed by eg: S2:*, thereby better readability.
* not all 8PSK modulation is DVB-S2.


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Clogher Bog Loop - Walking Route
The Clogher Walks
Clogher, Claremorris, County Mayo, Ireland
Clogher Bog Loop - Walking Route At A Glance
Start & Finish
Clogher Heritage Centre
2hrs - 3hrs
Country lanes and bog tracks
Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, made County Mayo his home for many years around 400AD. Spending 40 days and nights on the imposing Croagh Patrick, he banished snakes, dragons and demonic forces from his vantage point. The surrounding county is littered with heritage sites, stemming from the time he stayed here. And the quaint village of Clogher is no exception.
The Clogher Bog Loop Walk is located mid-south of the county, and is one of five marked walking trails around the pretty village of Clogher. Following a network of minor lanes, tracks and paths past sites of both natural and historic importance.
Route Summary
Once you arrive at the Clogher Bog Heritage Centre, don't go anywhere just yet. Check out the 17th century replica cottage, which showcases local life as it used to be - you can even see a horse being shod with traditional tools in the forge next door.
When you leave the Heritage Centre, the route turns right onto a series of turbury (turf cutting) tracks through the bog. You'll stumble across stacks of peat laid out to dry, which the locals have harvested using traditional hand-cutting techniques. This turf will be dried out for use as fuel during the cold winter months.
As you move along the route, take the opportunity to examine the rare flora in more detail. The habitat is extremely acidic and poor in nutrients, so few plants survive this hostile environment. But on closer inspection, you should be able to spot specialist species, such as sphagnum moss, bog asphodel, cotton grass and the carnivorous sundew.
Low-lying, as you walk you'll be treated to glorious panoramic views of the Party Mountains to the south and the unmistakable cone of Croagh Patrick to the west. Every year, up to 25,000 pilgrims climb this 765m summit on Reek Sunday (the last Sunday in July).
When you reach the old Drom Cemetery, near the ruins of a church first built by Saint Patrick in 440AD, keep watch for an imprint of a foot believed to belong to the saint in a stone at the rear of the graveyard.
Complete the loop by following the marker posts back to the Heritage Centre.
Clogher Heritage Complex
| Cottage | Garden | Forge | Holy Well | Graveyard | Walks |
| Clogher Bog Loop Walking Route |
For more information visit Clogher Heritage Complex
Email: clogherenvigroup@eircom.net


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A98 är en motorväg i sydvästra Tyskland.

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A098
A098
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