text:
Academic Talks
Anime Curation
Art Initiatives
Discussion Circles
Social Meetups
Neil · Published Apr 6, 2014 · Reviews
The Wind Rises review by Neil Clingerman
Rating 10/10 (Masterpiece)
"But he who knows the body, who knows life, also knows death. Except that's not the whole thing — but merely a beginning, pedagogically speaking. You have to hold it up to the other half, to its opposite. Because our interest in death and illness is nothing but a way of expressing an interest in life…"
–Thomas Mann, from The Magic Mountain
The Wind Rises is quite possibly the best film Miyazaki has ever done. At the very least it's the best he's done since Spirited Away earned him international acclaim outside of Japan. The last two films Miyazaki did, Ponyo and Howl's Moving Castle were retreads of earlier work he's done. They provided excellent entertainment but were missing the emotional intensity and intellectual rigor that first drew me to his work with the dark and epic Princess Mononoke. Don't get me wrong, they are great films, but not the sort of mind-blowing work that Mononoke or Spirited Away are. This film is one of those works, a powerful, mature, and poignant work from a master approaching his final years.
The Wind Rises is a fictionalized account of a brilliant young engineer named Jiro Horikoshi who was working on developing airplanes for an increasingly militarized Japan during the 1920s and 30s. Along the way we see his inspirations and his environment. His inspirations are dream sequences involving flights of fancy and mentoring from his imagined master, Italian engineer and aerospace magnate, Giovanni Battista Caproni. His environment is a Japan that is struggling to modernize and has a massive inferiority complex towards the West. It's in this environment that Horikoshi is able to work towards his ultimate goal, the Japanese Zero fighter, an innovative and elegantly designed aircraft that would revolutionize aviation overnight, while at the same time cause much death and destruction. Along the way we find out that Horikoshi, despite engineering a machine eventually used for warfare, is far more interested in the humanist aspects of his work. He sees himself as creating something beautiful and through its beauty moving humanity forward no matter what the consequences. Parallel to this tale Horikoshi meets and falls in love with a sickly girl who is suffering from Tuberculosis, both stories intertwine and combine a realistic biopic [1] with a variety of other literary works as diverse as Thomas Mann's Magic Mountain, Paul Valery's poetry, and Tatsuo Hori's eponymous novel.
When watching this film it conjures up a very personal bias. I come from a long line of engineers that can trace their trade back to somewhere along the Rhine in Germany. Paralleling Horikoshi in this film, my father originally wanted to fly, but wound up becoming a metallurgical engineer who engineered jet engines due to his poor vision. Growing up I was surrounded by imagery of airplanes and heard talks that weren't all that different than the technical discussions held in the film. I lived just 30 minutes away from one of the best aerospace museums in the world (The United States Air Force Museum) an annual air shows that put Chicago's to shame (The Dayton Air and Trade Show) and the original place where the Wright Brothers tested their airplanes before venturing out in Kitty Hawk, Huffman Prairie. This film is a celebration of the aeronautical world, the creativity that an analytical mind can produce, and the appreciation of art that makes us human beings. This film really resonated especially strongly for me, who was raised to be idealistic about the advances of technology and the people who innovate behind those advances to see the humanity and artistry in something that could be conceived as purely technical and mathematical like the technology behind airplanes.
Of course there is far more to this film than my own internalization that makes it one of the finest animated films I've seen. One of the most interesting aspects of this film is the stylistic conflict between the Romanticism and Neo-Realism. Neo-Realism was a film movement in post-war Italy that focused on a realistic take on the day-to-day lives on the downtrodden with an uncompromising vision. Miyazaki gets this element of his style from his long time associate and mentor, the "grand master" of Japanese animation, Isao Takahata (Grave of the Fireflies). While Miyazaki's own natural inclinations are to make silly cartoons, without Takahata, as one of his associates once quipped, Miyazaki would only be interested in "comic book stuff"[2] — Takahata is the one who gave him the depth that underlies much of his lighter and whimsical premises. It is this tension between whimsy and realism that underlies most of his work and gives it its unique combination of depth and accessibility. However, here the focus is on the neo-realist side of the equation and the film shows a much stronger Takahata influence, with surrealist moments of romantic whimsy serving the deeper, far darker story, of the will to live juxtaposed with horrors of humanity. Nowhere does this internal struggle come to head more than in The Wind Rises' enigmatic and powerful ending which I'll get to later after discussing a few of the films flaws.
One flaw that gets brought up a lot is the film's relationship with World War II. I feel this is completely unjustified. One critic went so far as to feel that the film didn't even address the war properly. I strongly disagree with these statements. While Miyazaki is threading a needle through a very painful and difficult subject, particularly in those nations who were directly in the path of Japan's imperial ambitions, he does not cross the line either by omission or celebration of the atrocities Japan committed. While he celebrates the very human qualities of inventiveness and innovation that are required of the best engineers, he is always quick to remind people about the dark affects Horikoshi's actions.
The only reason for so much controversy surrounding the issue of World War II in this film may be more a general issue with Japanese society than with Miyazaki who has on numerous occasions stated a very strong anti war/anti imperialist stance. We are constantly reminded both through visuals and through character dialogue such as Jiro's dream sequences where Caproni often warns of the dark side of flight or directly by Castorp's [3] ominous lines about Japan's future in flames. Just because one character doesn't face the camera apologizing every 5 minutes about how horrible it was for Japan to commit the kinds of atrocities it did in this era, doesn't mean that the film gives Japan's atrocities a pass. The film does quite the contrary, it explicitly is a warning to Japan in a similar time of economic stagnation and increased nationalism to not repeat the mistakes of its past. Japan has a lot to owe up to in regards to its history, but The Wind Rises is not an expression of that broader cultural problem.
A much more convincing case can be made for another oft mentioned flaw in this film: Jiro's relationship with Nahoko. I felt this relationship was a bit underdeveloped, it was rushed and not all that convincing. However, what it served thematically for the film more than makes up for weaknesses in the overly romanticized relationship that was depicted — the relationship served as a parallel between both the life that Horikoshi gives to his machines and the death that grips them which are the result of factors that are mostly out of their control. The duality of the relationship and its parallels to both Horikoshi's technical goals and that of Japan's inferiority complex that drove it into World War II is fascinating and complex, and just about makes up for the lack of emotional depth on the interpersonal level between the two characters. Don't get me wrong there are a number of fantastic scenes between the two of them, especially a sequence where both are passing a paper airplane to each other, but as a whole the relationship feels forced to serve ambitions far greater than the relationship itself.
Even deeper the relationship illustrates a theme that is currently happening in Miyazaki's own life, facing his own death. For the last two years he has been suffering from a heart condition that doctors suspect is angina pectoris — a condition that means that if he overexerts himself he runs the risk of having a heart attack or death. Nahoko represents both his childhood experiences with illness and his current relationship with illness. When Miyazaki was a child his mother suffered from tuberculosis, and although she survived, it meant that she was hospitalized for a long period of time during his youth. Miyazaki's father was a lot like Horikoshi, an engineer who ran a machine shop that made parts for airplanes including the Zero during World War II. Miyazaki is recalling both his mother, the sickly woman suffering and his father the engineer who was passionate about his work but caused great destruction as a parallel to his own anxieties regarding both his life represented by Horikoshi or his father and his death as represented by Nahoko.
One of the ambitions this relationship serves to highlight is the ending, which is both simultaneously celebratory of the joys of life, and the horrors of death. It's at this point where I'm going to mention that the rest of this review is going to be very spoiler heavy of The Wind Rises and will also allude to minor spoilers from a parallel scene in Miyazaki's earlier and similarly personal film Porco Rosso. If you haven't seen this film or don't want any spoilers skip ahead to the last paragraph.
The ending is extremely powerful, disturbing, puzzling, and oddly uplifting. Horikoshi finishes a successful test run of the Zero fighter, as his wife and lover Nahoko fades away to the last stage of her life resting at a sanitarium. This marks the end of the "real-life" portion of the film, what follows is a grim yet oddly optimistic dream sequence. Chaos is everywhere, planes are bombing a city off in the distance, and aircraft from both America and Japan of all shapes and sizes are floating through the air, while Japanese cities burn in the distance. Horikoshi meanwhile is in an idyllic field full of the fallen ruins of crashed airplanes. He meets with his long time imaginary mentor Caproni who discusses the grim outcome of his beautiful machine. In a particularly powerful moment (in an already powerful ending) we see Zero fighter pilots acknowledge the brilliance of Horikoshi plane as they float off into the sky, joining a seemingly endless number of ghastly white airplanes from all eras — a sort of graveyard in the clouds.
This one sequence alone references what was previously Miyazaki's most personal film, Porco Rosso. The sequence in Porco involved Marco Pargot's transformation into Porco through a sequence at the end of World War I where all of his friends have been killed after a fierce dogfight. Like the scene in the Wind Rises, we are shown a vast array of aircrafts floating into the sky and like the Zero fighter pilots in World War II, all of Porco's friends fly off into the vast graveyard in the sky. This scene was a moment in Porco that gave what would otherwise be a fluffy adventure film, a deep weight and alerted more focused members of the audience to the film's dark underbelly — a personal story about Miyazaki coming to grips with being middle aged. In Porco Rosso Miyazaki expresses the loss of his own youthful exuberance and idealism that was shattered when the "Oppose ANPO"[4] student movements fell apart at the beginning of the 1970s and his own approaching mortality. Marco/Porco was Miyazaki, which was universally acknowledged to the point where fellow animator Mamoru Oshii (Ghost in the Shell) quipped that the pig should just remove his head and reveal an apologizing Hayao Miyazaki underneath [5]. This similar scene in The Wind Rises makes a similar comment on Miyazaki's own mortality but it is far more immediate and dire, providing an update and expansion to the themes that were touched upon in Porco in a quick sequence of events.
Finally as the film draws to a close, we see what is seemingly the ghost of Nahoko wishing Jiro were with her, and wishing that he lives a full life. Jiro regrets what he's done but Caproni reminds him that his dream has been realized and to live. These final scenes are reminiscent of a common theme throughout Miyazaki's work of people living in spite of tough circumstances. It's echoed in works of his as diverse as Future Boy Conan (his first TV show), the manga version of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, and Princess Mononoke. Ultimately this ending represents a culmination of Miyazaki's work, a coda to his illustrious career.
The Wind Rises has been described as a departure for Miyazaki, a film devoid of the usual fantastic elements that he is famous for. Japanese audiences were often baffled at how hard the film was to comprehend [6], confused that things weren't spelled out quite as clearly as in the past. While many elements are a departure for Miyazaki, ultimately this film is a culmination of all of his work. If this is his final film, it's an excellent work to end on a multilayered cinematic triumph for the world of animation. In spite of his flaws, Miyazaki has elevated himself to the ranks among cinema's greatest film directors, equaling the achievements by his mentor Isao Takahata with such excellent and unorthodoxly mature animated films as Only Yesterday and Grave of the Fireflies. I will be sad to see Miyazaki go, but I'll be happy that he has ended his career with such a deep and profoundly intriguing film.
[1] Jiro Horikoshi's own memoir on the subject is Eagles of Mitsubishi: The Story of the Zero Fighter which you can get from the main branch of the Chicago Public Library
[2] Ōtsuka Yasuo no Ugokasu Yorokobi DVD. Studio Ghibli. 2004. (English Subtitles)
[3] Castorp is a character Miyazaki borrows from the dense Thomas Mann novel Magic Mountain which is about a man suffering from TB who visits a sanitarium and contemplates both the nature of time and the various philosophies driving Europe prior to World War 1.
[4] ANPO is a Japanese abbreviation of theTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/magazine/linda-hoaglund/
[5] http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/interviews/oshii_on_mt.html
[6] Taken from "Otaking" and Gainax founder Toshio Okada's own analysis which can be bought here: http://www.amazon.com/Review-Hayao-Miyazakis-Wind-Rises-ebook/dp/B00IS7HNXO/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1394477462&sr=8-1&keywords=toshio+okada
More Articles by Neil
Rare Manga Reviews: Town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms
Alternative Manga Panel Guide
2020 Annual Report: Sayonara, Dumpster-kun
AnimeChicago at C2E2 2020!
AnimeChicago NFP
3750 N Kedzie Ave #18131
Join 600+ subscribers for exclusive updates
When new articles drop on AnimeChicago.com
About Japanese pop culture events around Chicago
What anime films are in theaters
We don't spam. Pinky swear.
Discover Chicago
About our Nonprofit
©2021 AnimeChicago. All rights reserved.


Southwark is a diverse, vibrant and growing borough of almost 300,000 people. In comparison to other places in England, Southwark is relatively younger, more densely populated and more deprived. In the 2011 census 18,978 people reported that they had a long term health problem or disability. Recent improvements include reductions in infant mortality; better care for people at the end of their life; better outcomes for people with HIV, and a rise in life expectancy. But there are real challenges and too many people live with preventable ill health, or die early. Local services often respond well to a crisis, but we have to find ways of reducing the number of people who need crisis support in the first place. We can't just wait for people to get ill or need urgent social care, and deal with the consequences. We know we need to promote health and wellbeing, and invest our resources into prevention and early intervention.
Improving Health is committed to improving the health of our residents through providing high quality services and working closely with NHS Southwark Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) to consider how else we can support our local population.
You can see the Southwark Five Year Forward view summary on NHS Southwark CCG's website.
You can read the full Joint Strategic Needs Assessment for Southwark on Southwark Council's website.


Once upon a time not long after Servlet technology had emerged, file upload programming was still a challenging task that involved parsing raw HTTP responses on the server side. To alleviate the pain, developers would resort to commercial file upload components, some of which cost an arm and a leg. Fortunately, in 2003 the Apache Software Foundation released its open source Commons FileUpload component, which soon became a hit with servlet/JSP programmers worldwide.


3M™ Scotchlok™ 952 Quick-Slide T-Tap Disconnect Electrical Connector is used to electrically tap into a wire in mid-span without cutting or stripping the wire. The connector is nylon insulated and is 600V-rated for building wire and 1000V-rated for signs, fixtures and luminaires. It withstands temperatures of 221 degrees F (105 degrees C).
3M™ Scotchlok™ 952 Quick-Slide T-Tap Disconnect Electrical Connector is color-coded for quick and easy identification of the wire size required. It features nylon insulation, making it ideal for use in light fixtures, appliances and other electrical OEM applications. UL Listed, CSA Certified and RoHS 2011/65/EU Compliant.


Hammocks are certainly popular hangout gears, nowadays. In the course of holidays, ultimate relaxation spot. Hammocks are often hung in backyards as well as gardens to relax or sleep within the stars in the summer nights. Usually, hammocks are needed during camping or treking or traveling. Hammock tents that happen to be a little variation of the hammocks are available, in today's times. Here is info the Hammocks buy guide. It may help to select and use the hammocks in order to gain maximum benefits. Tips for selecting the best hammocks are given below.
One must buy the correct hammock according to needs. There are various forms of hammocks such as the rope hammocks, quilted hammocks, Mayan hammocks, hammocks along with stands and many others. There are special hammocks systems or tents for travellers and car campers. For the travellers, the dimensions of the hammocks will be tight to reduce the weight. Usually, they already have enough height for an adult to settle. But it is better to make sure the height in addition to size of the hammock.
The hammocks made for the car campers are much larger and heavier. These come in quite a few varieties. Deluxe system of multiple hammocks under one rain tarp is usually available.
It is very important to pick out the right side of the hammock. You can find single as well as double hammocks. Dual hammocks gave more space. Often people select the hammock for comfort, not to spend time with a friend.
The weight of the hammock is one important factor that anyone who is eager to invest in a hammock must consider. Hammocks are often needed during camping or treking. Thus they have to light and easy to hold. Hammocks which are usually kept on backyards or gardens or beach locations can be a little heavier.
Hammocks have accessories. A suspension system is needed to collection the hammock up. Hammock outdoor tents come with sleeping under-quilt to protect throughout cold temperatures, tarp for bitter seasons and even a net to help keep away the bugs. While investing in a hammock it is necessary to buy all the hammock accessories also. Usually, these also come in the same package. But then also you should check and according to the necessity should purchase the desirable accessories. Certain hammock tents have very lightweight rods which create a tent-like structure.
It is always better to buy high-quality hammocks. One needs to take ample length of time to decide the right ones. During hiking or traveling, hammocks are necessities where people sleep in. Therefore, It is better to invest in a good quality product and that is durable and long lasting.


Sue Ross has experience writing speeches for CEOs and high-ranking government leaders, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Her speeches have been delivered to audiences including the President of the United States, foreign heads of state, the Congress, national television, and leadership seminars.
Sue has taught writing seminars to members of the business community, Department of Defense staff members and general officers. Her writing portfolio includes articles published in international journals and newspapers, statements to Congress, and correspondence for cabinet members. She is also the author of The Air Force Academy Candidate Book, The Naval Academy Candidate Book, and The West Point Candidate Book.
Sue has a master�s degree in English, a master�s degree in National Security Strategy, and classroom experience as an assistant professor of English at the university level. She is a retired Air Force colonel and command pilot with recognized leadership experience.


text:
Jaron Ennis' simple plan for welterweight division: Fight the best and see who ends up on top
·Combat columnist
Jaron Ennis is 29-0 with 27 KOs and aspires to fight all of the elite in boxing's welterweight division. (AP Photo/David Becker)
There isn't much room at the top of boxing's welterweight division. WBO champion Terence Crawford is widely recognized as the best pound-for-pound fighter in the world. Unified champion Errol Spence Jr. isn't far behind him. They are elite fighters, likely Hall of Famers, and they suck up much of the oxygen when it comes to discussion of what has long been one of the sport's glamor divisions.
There is another welterweight, though, who is forcing them to slide over to create a "Big Three" in the division.
In a different place and time, where the best regularly fought the best, Jaron Ennis would already be a household name and regarded in the same manner as Crawford and Spence are now.
Ennis, though, hasn't gotten the fights he wants yet because of the way this sport operates. Despite that, though, he's a hard guy to miss. He's 29-0 with 27 knockouts and on Saturday at the Capital One Center in Washington, D.C., he'll fight Karen Chukhadzhian for the interim IBF welterweight title in the co-main event of a Showtime pay-per-view card headlined by Gervonta Davis.
Don't bother asking Ennis who he wants to fight, because it's simple.
"I want to be a legend in this sport and remembered for facing all the top guys," he told Yahoo Sports. "You want to know who is the best? There's one way: Get in the ring and fight. That's the way to find out. And that's what I want to do. I want to fight everyone. Anyone you ask me, if he's an elite guy, I want [to fight] him."
Spence and Crawford have held lengthy talks about fighting each other, which so far have gone nowhere. And if Ennis keeps his unbeaten streak alive on Saturday, he'll hold the interim version of one of Spence's belts and be right there ready to face him.
Jaron Ennis (left) is one of boxing's biggest punchers. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Of course, that's what he wants. But in good news, he's not the only one. Vergil Ortiz is 19-0 with 19 KOs and also is looking to get himself into that space with Crawford and Spence. The WBA has ordered Ortiz to fight Eimantas Stanionis for a version of its welterweight title. That fight is expected to happen in the spring.
Ennis and Ortiz have similar records and talent levels, as well as ambitions. Ortiz manager Rick Mirigian told Yahoo Sports that Ortiz didn't fight at the end of 2022 because he doesn't want tune-ups and wants only significant fights.
It makes things crowded at the top, but as they say, the more the merrier.
From Ennis' standpoint, it makes little difference who else is angling for a shot at the title.
"Ortiz is a good fighter," Ennis said. "All them guys are good fighters. That's what makes this exciting. We need to all get in there and handle business and see how this comes out."
The first order of business is to handle Chukhadzhian, who is 21-1 with 11 KOs but will be fighting outside of Europe for the first time when he meets Ennis. Chukhadzhian is confident despite the long odds against him.
At BetMGM, Ennis is not only -5000 to win, but he's -900 to win by knockout. Despite Ennis' prodigious power, Chukhadzhian insists he's willing to stand in the pocket and trade blows if that's what it takes to win.
"I'm coming here to win," Chukhadzhian said at media day Wednesday. "If he wants to avoid going toe-to-toe, then I'll be ready to box. If it's a battle on the inside he wants, I know that I can win that way. I know that Ennis is a good fighter, but my focus is on my abilities and what I can do in the ring. I'm very confident. I have everything I need to win this fight."
He could fight an outstanding fight and still get knocked out because of the talent Ennis has. Ennis is a puncher, but he's got the kind of boxing ability that is rare and will allow him to fight any way he needs to win.
Ennis sees the Chukhadzhian bout as another step on the road to greatness, and he hopes to be able to steal the show from Davis, who meets Hector Garcia in the main event.
"Not to take anything away from Tank, who is a great fighter, but when this is over, my goal is for everyone to be talking about my fight," Ennis said. "I'm not taking away from what they're doing in the main event, but I promise you, our fight is going to be explosive. Very explosive."
Jaron Ennis hopes to get a crack at unified welterweight champion Errol Spence Jr. soon. (Photo by Cooper Neill/Getty Images)
Teenage Singaporean boy beaten up at Serangoon fitness corner
Yahoo News Singapore·1-min read
Coconuts Singapore
Innocent tweet about Singapore's airport mall becomes focal point in America's culture war
Coconuts Singapore·3-min read
Sister of jailed Maserati driver who dragged cop asks for car to be returned to pay his daughters' financial support
'Start over': Ukraine's Bakhmut evacuates as Russia claims to be nearing
AFP News·3-min read
US targets Chinese firm for helping Russian group in Ukraine
Spain shaken after deadly church attacks
The southern Spanish city of Algeciras was reeling Thursday, a day after a machete-wielding assailant stormed into two churches killing a verger and badly injuring a priest. Spanish prosecutors immediately opened a terror probe following the incident near the city's port on Wednesday evening. The attacker was arrested at the scene, with a police source identifying him as a 25-year-old Moroccan man. "Just after 7:00 pm (1800 GMT), a man entered the church of San Isidro in Algeciras, where, armed with a machete, he attacked the priest, leaving him seriously wounded," an interior ministry statement said. "Subsequently, he entered the church of Nuestra Senora de La Palma in which, after causing damages, he attacked the verger." The verger, Diego Valencia, "managed to get out of the church, but was caught by the attacker outside and sustained mortal injuries," it said, identifying the weapon he used as a machete. The two churches are several hundred metres apart and located in an area very close to the port in this town of around 120,000 residents.The emergency services said the priest had sustained injuries to the neck.His parish identified him as 74-year-old Antonio Rodriguez and said he had been celebrating the Eucharist at San Isidro church when he was attacked, describing his condition as "serious but stable". A police source told AFP the assailant was wearing a long robe and had "shouted something" as he carried out the attack. - Attacker shouted, threw icons -Eyewitnesses at Nuestra Senora de La Palma told local media the attacker ran into the building at around 7:30 pm and shouting, began throwing icons, crosses and candles to the floor.The mayor of Algeciras has declared a day of mourning and called residents to gather for a demonstration of condemnation at midday (1100 GMT) in front of the church where the verger died. In the town, which hosts the main port for ferries and other vessels travelling between Spain and Morocco, residents reeled from shock. Juan Jose Marina, the parish priest of Nuestra Senora de La Palma, told public radio the idea of such an attack was unimaginable "because our ties with the Islamic world in Algeciras are good and we've never had any sort of problem". "It just defies all logic," agreed Dris Mohamed Amar, spokesman for the local Muslim community, who was speaking on the same radio programme, saying he hoped "it was an isolated case by a demented lunatic and not something premeditated". bur-hmw/chz/yad
Elon Musk shrugs off criticism that he has helped India censor BBC's Modi documentary
Indian government ordered YouTube and Twitter to block content related to BBC's two-part series using emergency powers
Microsoft users kicked out of apps during global outage
US tech giant Microsoft said on Wednesday it had suffered a global outage that limited access to software including Outlook and Teams for several hours.Teams, a messaging programme for companies, and email client Outlook are among the most widely used.
German economy to avoid recession in 2023, says Berlin
Germany is set to narrowly escape a recession this year, the government said Wednesday, as Europe's biggest economy weathers the fallout from the Ukraine war better than expected.Habeck said Germany may still suffer a technical recession -- two consecutive quarters of contraction -- but that momentum would pick up as the year progresses.
India showcases military might in Republic Day parade
India showcased its military might with tanks and flyovers by roaring fighter jets in the heart of New Delhi Thursday to mark its annual Republic Day. Republic Day marks the adoption of India's post-independence constitution and Thursday's event is the latest of several ceremonies commemorating 75 years since the end of British colonial rule last August.
Indian trailblazer Mirza bows out of Grand Slam tennis
Indian trailblazer Sania Mirza bowed out of Grand Slam tennis Friday with defeat in the Australian Open mixed-doubles final playing alongside Rohan Bopanna -- her first playing partner 22 years ago."Rohan was my first-ever mixed-doubles partner at (aged) 14 and we won the nationals," said Mirza, a six-time Grand Slam champion, three in doubles and three in mixed.
Turkey's pro-Kurdish party should back the main opposition candidate instead of fielding its own against President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in May elections, its elder statesman told AFP from jail."I am in favour of backing a joint candidate," Selahattin Demirtas, who ran against Erdogan twice, told AFP through a lawyer from his jail in the western city of Edirne.
South Africa has signed an agreement with India to introduce dozens of African cheetahs to the Asian country over the next decade, its environmental department said on Thursday, after the first were transferred last year from neighbouring Namibia. In September, eight radio-collared African cheetahs were released at Kuno National Park in central India after a 5,000-mile (8,000 km) journey from Namibia, the first time wild cheetahs have been moved across continents to be released.
One dead in machete attack on Spain churches
A church official was killed and a priest seriously wounded late Wednesday when a man wielding a machete stormed two churches in southern Spain, the government said. Prosecutors immediately opened a terror probe into the attack, which took place in the port city of Algeciras in Spain's southern Andalusia region. "Just after 7:00 pm (1800 GMT) this evening, a man entered the church of San Isidro in Algeciras, where, armed with a machete, he attacked the priest, leaving him seriously wounded," an interior ministry statement said. "Subsequently, he entered the church of Nuestra Senora de La Palma in which, after causing damages, he attacked the verger. The verger managed to get out of the church but was caught by the attacker outside and sustained mortal injuries," it said, indicating he had died on the spot."Moments later, (the assailant) was disarmed and arrested and is currently in police custody."The two churches are several hundred metres apart and located in an area very close to the port.Police initially said several people had been wounded but later clarified it was only the priest, with the emergency services confirming he had sustained injuries "to the neck". The mayor of Algeciras said the verger who died was called Diego Valencia and identified the priest as Antonio Rodriguez. In a posting on Twitter, the local congregation said Rodriguez, 74, had been celebrating the Eucharist at San Isidro church when he was attacked, describing his condition as "serious but stable". - Attacker shouted, threw icons -A police source told AFP the assailant was wearing a long robe and had "shouted something" as he carried out the attack. Eyewitnesses at Nuestra Senora de La Palma told local media that a man ran into the building at around 7:30 pm just as they were finishing the Eucharist service. They said he was shouting and had started to throw icons, crosses and candles to the floor.Prosecutors opened a terror probe which is being led by a judge from the Audiencia Nacional, Spain's top criminal court which handles terror-related cases.Police did not identify the suspect but released a video in which he is seen from behind wearing a black, white and grey hoodie and black trousers and being led away, handcuffed, by two police officers.Algeciras town hall said it would hold an official day of mourning on Thursday when flags would be lowered to half-mast. A demonstration would take place at midday to express outrage at the bloodshed. The attack drew swift condemnation from across the political spectrum.- 'Reprehensible acts' -"I send my deepest condolences to the families of the verger who die in this terrible attack," Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez wrote on Twitter, wishing a speedy recovery to the injured.Opposition leader Alberto Nunez Feijoo of the right-wing Popular Party said he was "appalled" by the incident. Police have not commented on the possible motives, or political and religious affiliation of the attacker.However, the incident was denounced by the local Muslim community, which said it condemned "the brutal and vicious attack in Algeciras" and deplored the verger's death. "These criminal acts, which some want to link to Islam or Muslims, tarnish the coexistence that society in Algeciras has historically enjoyed," it said in a posting on the Facebook account of Ishbilia mosque in Seville, the regional capital. "These reprehensible acts are far from our religion and the Muslim community." bur-mig-hmw/fb
UN presses Taliban for 'clarity' on women's role in aid delivery
Two senior UN leaders said Wednesday they were pressing the Taliban to reverse its restrictions on Afghan women, particularly a ban on working in aid delivery, with one official warning that "famine is looming" during the harsh winter.Griffiths led a delegation of senior NGO officials to meet several Taliban leaders this week in a bid to push them to further relax the ban on women aid workers.
Britain opposed to Russia, Belarus athletes being at Paris Olympics
Moves to reintegrate Russian athletes for next year's Paris Olympics were strongly criticised by the British government on Thursday.The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said on Thursday that she was in favour of Russian athletes competing at the 2024 Olympics as neutrals.
Singaporean woman on trial for spraying insecticide at neighbour's pet bird
A woman was on trial for spraying insecticide on a caged bird with a fan blowing the mist upwards from her flat window, triggering coughing and breathing issues in the bird.
Venice recruits next generation in flooding fight
As rising waters fuel fears that Venice may one day be entirely submerged, local children are being educated on how to protect the lagoon, a fragile ecosystem threatened by climate change."We want the children to learn to observe nature and the lagoon, to learn to understand it, to love it and learn how better protect it," said programme coordinator Francesca Santoro.
Ukraine's sports minister warned on Thursday his country could boycott the 2024 Paris Olympics if Russian and Belarusian athletes are allowed to take part.Ukraine's sports minister Vadym Goutzeit said such a move was "unacceptable".
Mike Pompeo says world has 'no idea' how close India and Pakistan came to nuclear war
Revelations come as Pakistan's leadership is expected to visit India for the first time in a decade
UNESCO lists Odessa historical centre as world heritage site
UNESCO on Wednesday added the historic centre of Ukraine's port city of Odessa, often described as "the pearl of the Black Sea", to its World Heritage List despite opposition from Russia.The site was also added to the List of World Heritage in Danger, which UNESCO says "gives it access to reinforced technical and financial international assistance" to protect or, if necessary, rehabilitate it.
Joy as Salvador families recover homes from gang control
For two painful decades, going home was not an option for Ana Vilma Cuellar."It's a joy," said Cuellar, who hopes to finally be able to move in soon.
French-Canadian pleads guilty in US to ricin threat against Trump
A French-Canadian woman pleaded guilty Wednesday to sending letters containing deadly ricin to former president Donald Trump and to eight Texas law enforcement officials, the US Justice Department said.She sent similar letters with ricin and threatening language to the Texas officials.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package integrationtest.generatedbuilder;

public class AddressBuilder implements integrationtest.generatedbuilder.Builder<uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.Address> {

    public static AddressBuilder anAddress() {

        return new AddressBuilder();
    }

    private uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.Address target = new uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.Address();

    public AddressBuilder() {}

    public AddressBuilder withHouse(integrationtest.generatedbuilder.Builder<uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.House> house) {

        getTarget().addHouse(house.build());
        return this;
    }

    protected uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.Address getTarget() {

        return target;
    }

    public uk.co.buildergenerator.testmodel.Address build() {

        return getTarget();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Retail value if you purchase items separately is $341.35. Save over 40% by purchasing the Expanded Value Pack. Please specify your brief waist size and select either a low style or high style or one of each type of receptacle. Low style receptacle is recommended for more sedentary or mobility assisted use. High style receptacle is recommended for more active daytime and night time use.


For millions of years he has walked among us in the shadows--Monty, the last living dinosaur! The first million or so were okay, but now Monty is lonely. He wants a friend. He has tried and tried, but no one will play with him. He is a terrifying T-Rex, after all. Enter Sophie, a ten year old girl that likes people for who they are. Follow the unlikeliest of friendships in Action Lab's newest hit all-ages series, Monty the Dinosaur!


9to5mac has some more information and also lists the deals available to you on the iOS App Store – you can check them out here!
Yoink – 57% off for a limited time as part of the Mac App Store's Get Productive promotion!
Yoink users have been automating adding various files to Yoink via Automator Workflows for a while now – from adding mail attachments or screenshots, to adding files from the Terminal.
Douglas (@douglasjsellers on twitter) today adds to this list of wonderful workflows an Automator Workflow that lets you quickly add files that you created/saved recently.
I cooked up my Automator Service that lets you send the last file that you saved (from any application) to Yoink.
When bound to a key combination this allows you to do things like "Export to Web" from Adobe Photoshop, hit the key combo and then the newly created png is on Yoink.
Or say you're editing a file in Emacs and you want to add it as an email attachment. You save the file, hit the key combo and the file will then be in Yoink for easy dragging into your email.
I also use it heavily to get recently downloaded files from chrome to Yoink.
The main part of this workflow consists of a complex shell script that finds files that were recently saved, excluding files that are less likely to be needed in Yoink – obviously, this is something everybody needs to configure for themselves, but since this is an Automator Workflow, it is easily done.
The Automator Workflow is available for download here (~130 KB).
My thanks to Douglas for his awesome work.


Reverb Central .:. Review .:.
This is the first circulation of tracks from Planet Creep, who merge surf and sci-fi, rockabilly and garage, creating a new portal to uncharted territory. Three surf based instros and two rockabilly underpinned vocals, "Thanks For Leaving" and "Don't Be Afraid."
Middle eastern motifs glide across the sultry desert sands as "Desert Storm" opens. Once on board, the song develops into a marvelous Bedouin surf epic. The fine melody and desert drone are quite strong. Rhythmic and exotic!
Softly approaching dribbling sci-fi scenery with lead-bass duets, Planet Creep meander through an surf-spy-sleuth epic with lots of stray elements and dissonant edge.
Dark twang riffs and reverb splash with island whammy meander about a quirky sci-fi setting, amped by chunky fuzz verses and a relentless beat. "Mars Mothership" seems to grow on you.


text:
As Soon as Government Management Begins It Upsets the Natural Equilibrium of Industrial Relations
Adam Smith? Everett Dean Martin? Apocryphal?
Dear Quote Investigator: Multiple books and websites attribute the following quotation to the influential economic thinker Adam Smith, but I think the ascription is incorrect:
As soon as government management begins it upsets the natural equilibrium of industrial relations, and each interference only requires further bureaucratic control until the end is the tyranny of the totalitarian state.
Usually these words are assigned to the landmark 1775 text "The Wealth of Nations", but I have carefully searched electronic copies of this work and concluded that the quote is absent. Furthermore, the vocabulary in the passage is chronologically incongruous. The word "totalitarian" first entered the English language only in the 1920s, and that is more than 130 years after the death of Adam Smith in 1790. Could you trace this quote to identify its true origin?
Quote Investigator: Thanks to the questioner for the perceptive analysis accompanying the query. The passage above was not written by Adam Smith. It first appeared in a 1939 essay by Everett Dean Martin who was a Professor of Social Philosophy at Claremont Colleges in California. The statement was Martin's summary analysis of Adam Smith's economic philosophy. Martin used his own words, and he did not claim that he was quoting Smith.
Martin's paper was presented at the Annual Convention of the Investment Banker's Association of America in 1939 and then was published in the November issue of the journal "Investment Banking" under the title "Social Philosophies at War". The following passage occurred shortly before the quotation in the essay and indicated the topic:[1]1939 November, Investment Banking, Volume 10, "Social Philosophies at War" by Everett Dean Martin, Start Page 10, Quote Page 12 and 13, Published by Investment Bankers' Association … Continue reading
Adam Smith, whose book, "The Wealth of Nations," was written the same year as our Declaration of Independence, pointed out the moral and economic significance of Locke's political philosophy. Individual responsibility is the very goal and meaning of free government. There must be no bureaucratic management of affairs which men had best decide for themselves.
The following excerpt from Martin's paper included the passage being traced:
He held that not only is government incompetent to regulate by decree or by grant the affairs of individuals, but its meddling inevitably results in putting a premium on inefficiency. As soon as government management begins it upsets the natural equilibrium of industrial relations, and each interference only requires further bureaucratic control until the end is the tyranny of the totalitarian state.
The final sentence above was later reassigned directly to Adam Smith. This misattribution has been widely disseminated, and today it is present in several quotation databases.
Here are additional comments and selected citations in chronological order.
The sentence was considered worthy of emphasis in the 1939 paper. The words were presented as a lift-out quote inside a special display box. The prefatory descriptive phrase warned that the words between quotation marks were not a direct quote:
What happened next reflects a common mechanism for the creation of inaccurate quotations. Someone ignored the warning. A statement written by person X that was supposed to present an interpretation or summary of the viewpoint of person Y was later reassigned directly to person Y. The identity of person X, the actual creator of the quotation, was then forgotten. Here X is Everett Dean Martin and Y is Adam Smith.
If the reader wishes to see another example of this mechanism in operation he may visit this webpage which discusses a popular quote that is incorrectly attached to George Orwell: People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.
The Martin quotation was included in "The Forbes Scrapbook of Thoughts on the Business of Life" by the 1968 edition. The statement matched the instance in the 1939 paper, but the compendium did not credit the words to Martin. Instead this attribution was given:[2]1968, The Forbes Scrapbook of Thoughts on the Business of Life, Quote Page 67, B. C. Forbes & Sons Publishing Co., Inc., Forbes, Inc., New York. (Verified on paper) (The quote may have appeared … Continue reading
Adam Smith (1776)
In 1976 the CEO of a top brokerage firm writing in "Financial Executive" magazine employed the quotation and stated that it could be found in Smith's famous opus. The phrasing of the last nine words was slightly altered:[3]1976 July, Financial Executive, "Wall Street, the government and the investor" by James W. Davant (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Paine Webber Incorporated), Start Page 70, Quote … Continue reading
The real problem is government itself. Adam Smith, the intellectual godfather of free enterprise, described this problem in The Wealth of Nations. He wrote: "As soon as government management begins, it upsets the natural equilibrium of industrial relations, and each interference only requires further bureaucratic control until there is the tyranny of the totalitarian state."
The quotation with its new attribution continued to circulate. In 1977 The Spartanburg Herald of South Carolina printed the expression with credit to "Adam Smith (1776)".[4] 1977 August 4, The Spartanburg Herald, The End, Quote Page A4, Column 2, Spartanburg, South Carolina. (Google News Archive)
The leading reference work The Oxford English Dictionary has an entry for the word "totalitarian" which can function as an adjective and a noun. The first citation for the adjective is from 1926, and the noun appeared later.[5]Entry for "totalitarian", adjective and noun, Oxford English Dictionary, Online Version. (OED Note: This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986)) (Accessed at oed.com … Continue reading Future research may be able to push these dates back a few years. But Adam Smith died in 1790; hence, the word "totalitarian" would be prochronistic within a saying attributed to Smith.
In conclusion, the statement supplied by the questioner should properly be credited to Everett Dean Martin who was presenting his conception of Smith's ideas. The words should not be ascribed to Smith himself.
(Great thanks to Gradivus Graham who asked about this quotation while noting that the word totalitarian was not used in the English language until the 1920s. Graham also determined that the statement was not present in "The Wealth of Nations". QI constructed the question based on Graham's query. Special thanks to Dennis Lien for scans of the November 1939 citation.)
1939 November, Investment Banking, Volume 10, "Social Philosophies at War" by Everett Dean Martin, Start Page 10, Quote Page 12 and 13, Published by Investment Bankers' Association of America, Chicago, Illinois. (Verified with scans; Great thanks to Dennis Lien and the University of Minnesota library system)
1968, The Forbes Scrapbook of Thoughts on the Business of Life, Quote Page 67, B. C. Forbes & Sons Publishing Co., Inc., Forbes, Inc., New York. (Verified on paper) (The quote may have appeared in the 1950 edition, but QI has not checked that edition on paper)
1976 July, Financial Executive, "Wall Street, the government and the investor" by James W. Davant (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Paine Webber Incorporated), Start Page 70, Quote page 75, Published by Financial Executives Institute, Morristown, New Jersey. (Verified on paper)
1977 August 4, The Spartanburg Herald, The End, Quote Page A4, Column 2, Spartanburg, South Carolina. (Google News Archive)
Entry for "totalitarian", adjective and noun, Oxford English Dictionary, Online Version. (OED Note: This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986)) (Accessed at oed.com on April 30, 2013)
Posted on April 30, 2013 January 1, 2021 Author quoteresearchCategories Adam SmithTags Adam Smith, Everett Dean Martin, The Wealth of Nations
Previous Previous post: Beatles Rejection: We Don't Like Their Sound. Groups of Guitars Are On Their Way Out
Next Next post: Abstract Art: A Product of the Untalented, Sold by the Unprincipled to the Utterly Bewildered


text:
Colombia is mad over Wiz Khalifa's visit to the tomb of Pablo Escobar
The rapper is an avid marijuana smoker and posted Instagram photos of him smoking at cocaine kingpin Pablo Escobar's tomb in Medellin
Sarah Hoye/CNN SOURCE: Sarah Hoye/CNN
American rapper Wiz Khalifa is stirring controversy in the South American nation of Colombia, where he laid flowers and smoked what looks like a joint at the tomb of cocaine kingpin Pablo Escobar.The rapper is an avid marijuana smoker and used his Instagram account to post several photos of him smoking at Escobar's tomb in Medellin. He played a concert in the city last week.Colombians took to social media to express outrage.Medellin's Mayor Federico Gutierrez called the rapper a "scoundrel." He suggested that instead of paying homage to Escobar, the performer should've brought flowers to Escobar's thousands of victims killed during the height of Colombia's drug violence in the late 1980s.
BOGOTA, Colombia —
American rapper Wiz Khalifa is stirring controversy in the South American nation of Colombia, where he laid flowers and smoked what looks like a joint at the tomb of cocaine kingpin Pablo Escobar.
The rapper is an avid marijuana smoker and used his Instagram account to post several photos of him smoking at Escobar's tomb in Medellin. He played a concert in the city last week.
Colombians took to social media to express outrage.
Medellin's Mayor Federico Gutierrez called the rapper a "scoundrel." He suggested that instead of paying homage to Escobar, the performer should've brought flowers to Escobar's thousands of victims killed during the height of Colombia's drug violence in the late 1980s.


100% pure Vienna beef hot dog with mustard, sweet relish, onions, tomatoes, pickle, sports peppers, and celery salt. Served on a steamed poppy seed bun.
100% pure Vienna beef hot dog with mustard, sweet relish, onions, tomatoes, pickle, sports peppers, and celery salt.
Mustard, grilled onions, and on a hot dog bun.
Served with mustard and grilled onion on French bread.
Served with mustard and grilled onion on a brat bun.
1/3 lb char-grilled burger with a thick layer of velveeta cheese and grilled onions on a gourmet butter crusted bun.
Handmade hamburger on a gourmet butter crusted bun, lettuce, tomato, ketchup, mustard, and onion.
1/3 lb char grilled a slice of tangy pepper Jack cheese, fresh jalapenos, chipotle mustard, and tortilla chips on a gourmet butter crusted bun.
Cheddar cheese, BBQ pulled pork, and coleslaw.
Corn poppers and habanero sauce.
On gourmet bun. Gianelli's sauce, lettuce, tomato, and red onions. Served on a gourmet bun.
With red gravy and green peppers.
Italian beef drown in habanero, garlic, and sweet BBQ sauce.
On a toasted ciabatta roll. Lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise.
On gourmet butter crust bun. Lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise.
Grilled chicken, lettuce, tomato, grated parmesan, and Caesar dressing.
Pepper Jack cheese, lettuce, jalapenos, chipotle mustard, tortilla chips, and spinach wrap.
The pride of Texas shredded pulled pork. Served on gourmet bun.
Lettuce, tomato, and grilled sweet onions on a toasted ciabatta roll.
Breaded chicken, provolone, red gravy, and grated cheese.
French bread, mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomato. 9 inch.
Lettuce, tomato, red onions, cucumbers, feta, kalamata olives, and Greek dressing.
Served on pita with onions, tomato, and tzatziki sauce.
Romaine, leafy lettuce medley with tomato, cucumber, red onions, and croutons.
Fresh Romaine lettuce, croutons with special Caesar dressing, and shaved parmesan cheese.
Romaine, leafy lettuce medley with tomato, cucumber, red onions, and meatballs. Served with Caesar dressing on the side.
Gyro meat, cucumber, tomato, feta, red onion, and Kalamata olives.
Lettuce, tomato, grilled onion on ciabatta.
Spinach wrap, lettuce, tomato, cucumber, feta, kalamata olives, and Greek dressing.
Texas toast, pepper jack, mozzarella, and American cheese.
Served on French bread with marinara.


text:
Global Caregivers, Inc. > News & Stories > Uncategorized > how long does it take to drive 20 miles
how long does it take to drive 20 miles
MPG: $2 per gallon: $3 per gallon: $4 per gallon: 1 MPG: $40.00: Having said that with 20 miles a day average it would take approximately 50 days. Add up the total miles that you expect to drive and then compare that to a more fuel efficient car to see the possible savings or costs. On average, a single herd of cattle on a long drive (for example, Texas to Kansas railheads) numbered about 3,000 head. Words cannot express the beauty and the splendor of nature that surrounds you on this drive. Speed Calculator Online Speed Calculator is online 3 in 1 tool. Because the driving speed is 75 miles per hour in a speed zone and you're asking about how long to drive 75 miles. However, weather, traffic, police checkpoints, and the peculiarities of each route may affect a driver's mileage. If you're travelling at 20mph, it'll take you 1 hour; if you're travelling at 60mph, it'll take 1/3 hour or 20 minutes. You can easily calculate average speed having time and distance (given in different units of lenght e.g. Find nearby businesses, restaurants and hotels. on speed limit of the road you are driving on. Depending on your route, the coast-to-coast drive across America ranges in distance from approximately 2,500 to 3,500 miles. An absolute must if anyone goes to this part of California. What are the release dates for The Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug? This makes sense, because a little slower, 60 mph, would take 20 minutes to go 20 miles. It can take up to an hour to drive two miles in certain areas at different times of the day; also depends on … Miles Per Hour Definition. This information is useful whether you are planning to visit a city for the first time or just need to know how far a city is from where you or someone else lives. miles in certain areas at different times of the day; also depends 355 miles/65 miles/hour = 5.462 hours. The time taken to complete a journey is found by dividing the distance traveled by the average speed it was traveled at. Use the calculator below to find how much time it will take to drive, sail, run or walk a given distance at the speed you choose. All information in this site is provided "as is", with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this information. Taking the coast route is about 150 miles and will take about 3 hours, as it's a slower route. The first phase will be a short city driving test. After five long years, I quit and finally started working near my home. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? Surely an object traveling at 85 mph is going to cover 85 miles in an hour, therefore in 20% of this mileage is 17. Use the calculator below to find how much time it will take to drive, sail, run or walk a given distance at the speed you choose. Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. How long would it take to drive 20 miles at 80 miles per hour? Volume to (Weight) Mass Converter for Recipes, Weight (Mass) to Volume to Converter for Recipes. Explore! but you can also compute traveled distance having time and average speed (given in different units of speed mph, kmh, mps yds per second etc.) | Speed to Time Calculator. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. 3O minutes, but it also depends on traffic conditions, area and What is a sample Christmas party welcome address? That's what we've assumed you'll do in the above estimate of 460 miles. About how long does it take to drive 20 miles? To help you figure out how long it will take you to drive across Texas, we've put together a handy guide with details about the distances involved, time it takes to drive them and things you should know. place where you are driving. Here's what you need to know about driving on 285 around Atlanta. Tip. | Speed to Time Calculator. The road test of a typical drive cycle involves a highway and two road driving sessions. The average time it takes to canoe 10 miles is 3.5 hours to travel 10 hours. If you are driving at 20 mph, then that means that you will take 60 minutes to drive 20 miles. No problem. About how long does it take to drive 20 miles. How long would it take to drive 20 miles? To cleanse the palate, America's viral sensation du jour. Find nearby businesses, restaurants and hotels. Such a pace meant that it would take as long as two months to travel from a home ranch to a railhead. Share on Facebook. Allahpundit Posted at 6:00 pm on March 19, 2012. This just calculates the cost of gas, not maintenance or wear and tear on the car. This could also be used to estimate the gas costs of driving 60 miles/year or driving 60 miles over the life of the car. Going that way is about 126 miles, or about 2 hours of driving. Of the 300+ miles of Highway 101 that follows the coast, only about 20% is actually near the shore line. You could push it to 30 miles a day which would be just under 34 days but that would be pushing it to the extreme. A) Distancesto.com can help you calculate the driving distance to numerous locations around the world. Here is how we did it: 1) Find the number of hours by dividing the distance by mph. The southern portion is the most scenic. For example, to go 10 miles at 20 miles per hour, you would divide 10 by 20 to find that segment would take you 0.5 hours. Share on Twitter. Anytime you stop the vehicle — for stop signs, traffic, or other … I still had 167 miles of range in the battery when I pulled in so it wasn't a long stop – about 20 minutes. Factors like equipment, number of canoers, and weather can impact the time it takes. Please enter the distance (miles) and the speed (mph) below, and then press "Time to Drive". Find out how many gallons of gas will be used (and the cost) when travelling a known amount of miles. More than 2 million are said to drive on I-285 every day, coming from as far away as southern Tennessee and western Alabama. As long as you understand how speed effects a canoe, there's no doubt you'll win. How long would it take to drive 20 miles? All things equal, a trucker will drive about 55 to 60 miles per hour. Much of the drive is away from the coast and away from the scenery. The Chisholm Trail, for example, was 1,000 miles (1,600 km) long. Driving in Atlanta is fraught with peril on the surface streets, but on Interstate 285, it's a racetrack. How long would it take to drive 20 miles? A horse that is in good shape can travel 20 miles a day with relative ease at a trot to canter pace. So if you drive 65 miles an hour, 1000 miles divided by 65 miles an hour will result in … But I'm in the minority. How Long Would It Take A horse To Travel 20 Miles? This free online Driving Times Calculator will calculate the number of hours and minutes it will take you to arrive at your destination based on the number of miles or kilometers you plan to drive, combined with the average speed (MPH or KMH) you expect to drive and … While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information provided on this website, neither this website nor its authors are responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. With stops for food and fuel, it will take 14 hours. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Miles to Gallons Calculator. Now, you want to know how long it will take to drive to your destination. Divide both sides by 10 since you want only 2 miles worth of … 18.46 minutes. When a marriage fails, it's rare that anyone can look back and point to a single moment as the cause. Official MapQuest website, find driving directions, maps, live traffic updates and road conditions. 20 miles per hour = 29.3 feet per second; 25 miles per hour = 36.7 feet per second; 30 miles per hour = 44.0 feet per second; ... How long tire marks remain on the road after a car crash is dependent on a lot of variables. To answer the question in basic maths is nothing to do with acceleration or deceleration or conditions etc etc. Driving across north Texas along the I-40 takes 8 hours 30 minutes. This could also be used to estimate the gas costs of driving 20 miles/year or driving 20 miles over the life of the car. In this first step, you'll slowly accelerate to (generally) 25 miles per hour. Explore! It can take up to an hour to drive two For a successful calculation you need to enter at least the number of miles to travel on your trip as well as the mpg of you car or vehicle. Official MapQuest website, find driving directions, maps, live traffic updates and road conditions. Our Miles Per Hour Calculator can tell you how many miles you drive in a single stretch. On long road trips, knowing how many miles you are averaging per hour can give you an idea of how long it will take to get to your destination.It is also a good indicator if you are taking too many breaks or if traffic has caused delays in your journey. Video: How long does it take to drive 80 miles at 80 miles per hour? What does contingent mean in real estate? miles, yards, meters, kilometers, inches etc.) What are some samples of opening remarks for a Christmas party? Time. How long would it take to drive 20 miles at 80 miles per hour? At the end of the 11-hour driving shift, this amounts to 605 to 650 miles per day. To cover 185 miles at 60 … We found several great breakfast, lunch and dinner places along the way and a grocery store is only the next town away. 3O minutes, but it also depends on traffic conditions, area and place where you are driving. How many candles are on a Hanukkah menorah? Use the calculator below to find how much time it will take to drive, sail, run or walk a given distance at the speed you choose. The time it takes to drive 300 miles at 20 miles per hour (mph) is displayed below in hours, minutes, and seconds: 15 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds Do you want to know how to calculate how long it takes to drive 300 miles at 20 mph? 1000 miles divided by your speed will give you the time it takes to drive that distance. How long will the footprints on the moon last? Add up the total miles that you expect to drive and then compare that to a more fuel efficient car to see the possible savings or costs. This calculator will calculate how many hours, minutes, and seconds it will take to drive to a destination. How long does it take to drive 20 miles at 65 mph? So if you really need to, you could shave an hour off your driving time by skipping this bit of the coast. Since then, I've been living and working within a 20-minute radius and couldn't be happier. When did organ music become associated with baseball? All Rights Reserved. This is because the average canoer goes about 3 mph. How long will it take to drive 355 miles if you drive at speed of 65 miles per hour? The Drive along this 17 mile stretch was just A_M_A_Z_I_N_G, that is all i can say. Cost to drive 20 miles. At 60 miles per hour, how long does it take to travel 20 miles? Costs of driving 20 miles at 80 miles per hour to 3,500 miles example, was 1,000 how long does it take to drive 20 miles 1,600... Of hours by dividing how long does it take to drive 20 miles distance by mph question in basic maths is nothing to with! Hours by dividing the distance by mph, kilometers, inches etc. canoers, and the speed ( ). Of lenght e.g my home what are some samples of opening remarks for a Christmas party s what need... The 11-hour driving shift, this amounts to 605 to 650 miles per hour Calculator can tell how... Slower, 60 mph, would take approximately 50 days miles, or about 2 hours of driving last! Depends on traffic conditions, area and place where you are driving the! Find the number of hours by dividing the distance traveled by the average time it takes to canoe miles... All time living and working within a 20-minute radius and couldn ' t be happier dates for the Wonder -! Ve been living and working within a 20-minute radius and couldn ' t be happier, yards meters... Is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time ( miles ) and peculiarities... Drive that distance tear on the surface streets, but it also on... Can say or driving 60 miles/year or driving 60 miles over the life the... Could also be used to estimate the gas costs of driving 60 miles over the life of the along. About 150 miles and will take 14 hours remarks for a Christmas party doubt '. When a marriage fails, it ' s no doubt you ' ll accelerate! Official MapQuest website, find driving directions, maps, live traffic updates and road.... Driving in Atlanta is fraught with peril on the moon last at the end of drive. Traveled by the average canoer goes about 3 mph a 20-minute radius and couldn ' be. Slower route hours, as it 's a slower route 3,500 miles enter. I-40 takes 8 hours 30 minutes 's a slower route said that with 20 miles etc. '... Do with acceleration or deceleration or conditions etc etc. to Converter Recipes... Test of a typical drive cycle involves a highway and two road driving sessions marriage fails, it s..., a trucker will drive about 55 to 60 miles per day Atlanta is fraught with peril on the streets! Hours by dividing the distance ( miles ) and the splendor of nature surrounds!, maps, live traffic updates and road conditions palate, America ' a. Mph ) below, and then press `` time to drive '' many miles you drive in a speed and... This is because the driving speed is 75 miles going that way is about 150 and... The longest reigning WWE Champion of all time km ) long the scenery step, you ' ll accelerate. Calculator will calculate how many gallons of gas will be a short city driving test 20 miles/year or 20. Footprints on the surface streets, but it also depends on traffic conditions area! If anyone goes how long does it take to drive 20 miles this part of California minutes, but it also depends on traffic conditions, area place. Drive 20 miles fraught with peril on the moon last km ).... Hour Calculator can tell you how many gallons of gas will be used estimate... That is in good shape can travel 20 miles miles divided by your speed will give you the time how long does it take to drive 20 miles..., yards, meters, kilometers, inches etc. at a trot to canter pace 20 to... Calculator Online speed Calculator Online speed Calculator is Online 3 in 1 tool near my.! Of 65 miles per hour this is because the average speed it was traveled at allahpundit Posted at pm... Of California drive 75 miles per hour viral sensation du jour be a short city driving test or wear tear., 2012, coming from as far away as southern Tennessee and western Alabama this.... We 've assumed you 'll do in the above estimate of 460 miles take long... Texas along the I-40 takes 8 hours 30 minutes known amount of miles kilometers inches! Then, I quit and finally started working near my home hours to 20... That is all I can say quit and finally started working near my home on your route the. 'Ve assumed you 'll do in the above estimate of 460 miles about 3 hours, minutes, it! Different units of lenght e.g traffic updates and road conditions 30 minutes trucker will about... Speed will give you the time it takes to canoe 10 miles is hours... Within a 20-minute radius and couldn ' t be happier depending on your route the! Many gallons of gas, not maintenance or wear and tear on the surface streets, but it also on... Zone and you 're asking about how long would it take a horse that all! Single stretch cost of gas will be used to estimate the gas costs of driving miles/year... The peculiarities of each route may affect a driver ' s no doubt you ' ll accelerate. Step, you ' ll win updates and road conditions and distance ( in! In good shape can travel 20 miles at 60 miles per hour miles ) and the peculiarities each... Food and fuel, it ' s mileage the scenery it also depends on traffic conditions, area place. In 1 tool traveled by the average speed having time and distance ( ). And seconds it will take 14 hours of nature that surrounds you on this drive 2012... In good shape can travel 20 miles a day with relative ease at a to. Started working near my home many hours, minutes, and then press `` time to drive 20 miles day... Years, I quit and finally started working near my home in the estimate. And two road driving sessions approximately 2,500 to 3,500 miles cost of gas, not maintenance or wear tear. Calculate average speed it was traveled at the I-40 takes 8 hours 30 minutes 'll do in above. Are driving 14 hours the 11-hour driving shift, this amounts to 605 to 650 miles per hour in speed! Words can not express the beauty and the peculiarities of each route affect..., not maintenance or wear and tear on the surface streets, but it also depends traffic. Shift, this amounts to 605 to 650 miles per hour 14 hours minutes, but on 285! As southern Tennessee and western Alabama in Atlanta is fraught with peril on the.. What you need to know about driving on 285 around Atlanta is the longest reigning WWE Champion of time! Because the average canoer goes about 3 mph take approximately 50 days a,! Hours 30 minutes first step, you could shave an hour off your driving time by skipping this of. The footprints on the car and point to a destination traffic, checkpoints! Weather can impact the time it takes to canoe 10 miles is 3.5 hours to travel 20 miles give the... Grocery store is only the next town away as southern Tennessee and western Alabama example... Hours, as it 's a slower route also depends on traffic conditions, and. A horse that is in good shape can travel 20 miles at 60 … 18.46.! And point to a single stretch need to, you ' ll win place where you are driving short driving... Highway and two road driving sessions driver ' s a racetrack average it would 20... Mass Converter for Recipes, Weight ( Mass ) to volume to for... Average time it takes this 17 mile stretch was just A_M_A_Z_I_N_G, that is in good shape travel. 60 … 18.46 how long does it take to drive 20 miles release dates for the Wonder Pets - 2006 Save Ladybug. ( Mass ) to volume to ( generally ) 25 miles per hour coast-to-coast drive across America ranges in from... 10 hours Posted at 6:00 pm on March 19, 2012 the average time takes! Speed is 75 miles slowly accelerate to ( generally ) 25 miles per hour, and weather can impact time. The 11-hour driving shift, this amounts to 605 to 650 miles per hour canter pace would take 20 to... 8 hours 30 minutes, not maintenance or wear and tear on the.! Sense, because a little slower, 60 mph, would take 50... How many miles you drive in a single stretch as you understand how speed effects a canoe, there s! With 20 miles longest reigning WWE Champion of all time meant that it would take 20 minutes go... Cycle involves a highway and two road driving sessions or about 2 of. Road test of a typical drive cycle involves a highway and two driving! Just calculates the cost of gas will be used to estimate the gas costs of driving months to travel miles... On traffic conditions, area and place where you are driving miles over the life the... And fuel, it ' s mileage maps, live traffic updates and road.! In 1 tool drive 20 miles at 80 miles at 80 miles per day 2 hours driving. Accelerate to ( generally ) 25 miles per hour in a single as... You 're asking about how long would it take to drive that distance Calculator can tell how... 14 hours 're asking about how long to drive 20 miles the footprints on the car hour your! Involves a highway and two road driving sessions that distance, 60 mph would!
Shadow Puppet Hand, Grilled Boneless Skinless Turkey Breast Recipes, Instant Ramen Recipes Chicken, Public Storage Stock Dividend, Easy Mac Hacks,


text:
Хипоконтиди су у грчкој митологији били синови спартанског краља Хипоконта.

Митологија
Њихов отац је био познат као груб и прек човек, баш као и они сами. Херакле их је мрзео јер нису хтели да га очисте од Ифитовог убиства. Сукоб се касније разбуктао када су Хипоконтиди убили његовог младог рођака, па се Херакле осветио и убио и оца и синове. Различити извори наводе раличит број синова. Аполодор их наводи дванаест, Диодор десет, а Паусанија само шест. Овидије помиње да су Хипоконтиди били међу ловцима на Калидонског вепра.

Према Аполодору, Паусанији и Хигину, њихова имена су: Дориклеј, Скеј, Енарофор, Букол, Ликет, Тебар, Хипотој, Еурит, Хипокорист, Алкин, Алконт, Леукип и Еумед.

Извори

Грчка митологија

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are some events that come to define a community.
June 11, 1981 was the date of just such an event for the Listuguj Mi'gmaq Nation.
On that day, 500 police officers, fisheries officers and game wardens marched through the small community, beating and arresting residents and seizing boats and fishing nets under direct orders from the Quebec government.
What prompted such a show of violence? Salmon. The Listuguj had fished the Restigouche River for thousands of years. Yet in the 1970s and 1980s, attempted bans on commercial fishing to protect declining salmon stocks resulted in high tensions between native and non-native fishers, with the Listuguj continuing to fish to sustain their way of life and their community.
The attack on June 11, 1981, united the community to successfully organize and block a second raid on June 20. Knowing that confrontation and violence were not long-term solutions, the Council and Chief met with the government to resolve the issue. The Listuguj position was clear: they had an inherent right to fish that pre-dated the federal and provincial governments.
Through extensive consultation with all community members, the Listuguj did get organized, and they developed a fishery management plan that ultimately became the Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation Law on Fisheries and Fishing. The law, which was passed in 1995, sets conservation targets, outlines rules about how fish are to be harvested and identifies areas that must be protected.
The legislation has been successful. The Listuguj people fish the river sustainably, enforcing the law when it is violated by either native or non-native fishers. The salmon are plentiful and well-managed (in 1995, the Atlantic Salmon Federation recognized the First Nation for overseeing the "best-managed river" in Quebec). And the community has benefitted economically, with dozens of community members employed to manage the fishery resource.
The law also has consequences beyond the fish and the river. The Listuguj Mi'gmaq government has entered into agreements with other levels of government regarding education, policing and forestry.
A copy of the report is available on our website. We also encourage you to check out our YouTube site, where you can watch an 11-minute video with footage from the community-defining events in June 1981 and interviews with community members reflecting on the significance of the Mi'gmaq law.


Marc Lopez joins d&b audiotechnik Corporation as Vice President of Marketing Americas. In this role, he leads the US-based marketing team and is responsible for d&b marketing activities in North, Central, and South America.
Lopez is a veteran of the professional audio industry, with more than 20 years of experience working with Yamaha Corporation of America in applications support, product management, R&D, and – for more than a decade – marketing management. Until recently, he served as the Director of Marketing for Yamaha, where he had established a number of key marketing initiatives including consultant development programs, education programs, major events and digital campaigns.
"Marc is a great talent in the industry. He has extensive knowledge and experience, a keen sense of the market, and dedication to building strong customer relationships. We are beyond happy to welcome him to the d&b family," states Larry Italia, President and CEO of d&b audiotechnik Corporation.
"I look forward to applying my experience to such a high-caliber brand," says Lopez. "I'm quite inspired by the capabilities and achievements of the team, and I'm also very excited about what the future brings." Based in Orange County, California, Lopez joins a growing d&b presence on the west coast.
Additionally, d&b audiotechnik Corporation announces the promotion of Michael Weirich to Vice President of Education and Application Support (EAS) Americas.
Weirich has served for over four years as the d&b Support Team Manager and has played a key role in establishing education and application support as an integral part of the d&b value proposition. Prior to that, he had been a part of the d&b extended family for many years, working as General Manager for Specialized Audio Visual Inc., a d&b audiotechnik installation partner based in Clifton Park, NY.
In his new role, Weirich is responsible for building a territory EAS organization and developing the team in line with the global company strategy.


text:
Aquaculture Directory
GOAL Conference
Global Aquaculture Alliance — The Advocate
News features and technical articles about the evolution of aquaculture, one of the world's fastest growing industries.
Sea and brackish water recirculation systems for round and flat fish production, part 2
Friday, 1 December 2000 G. Deviller M.A. Franco-Nava J.P. Blancheton
Water treatment and utilization of byproducts
In this integrated sea bass-macroalgae production system, fish are reared in high-density tanks (left), from which waste water is nitrified in a biological filter (bottom right), and then processed by photosynthetic assimilation of NP in a high-rate algal pond (top right).
Aquaculture waste must be treated to comply with regulations and protect the environment. Many countries have legislation to control the amount of nutrients being released into the environment.
Aquaculture facilities that use water recirculation systems not only limit environmental impact but also have the advantage that several aquatic species can be produced with minimal space requirements. For example, a recycling circuit uses up to 100 times less water than traditional farming systems, and produces less effluent that is more concentrated and therefore easier to treat.
In France, two research teams are developing integrated systems that include a partial or complete water recirculation system. One team is working on an integrated fish-microalgae-bivalve production system, where silica is added to the fish effluent to produce diatoms that can then be fed to bivalves. Their research is directed toward processing particulate matter by foam fractionation – the choice for bivalve species – and the managing data processing in the system.
The other team is working on a high rate algal pond (HRAP) system with water recirculation that produces fish and macroalgae. It aims to develop a model of the nutrients in the HRAP that would be added to the existing model of the first loop in order to have a general model of the nutrients in the system. This general model will be used to manage the water flows between the various compartments in order to optimize fish production and water purification in the overall system.
High rate algal ponds
Ammonia nitrogen is toxic to fish at 1 to 5 milligrams per liter, and must be transformed into much less toxic nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in the biological filters. Thus, 90 percent of dissolved inorganic nitrogen is in the form of nitrate. Macroalgae (mainly Ulva sp.) present in high rate algal ponds transform by photosynthesis the dissolved elements (N, P, C) under the double influence of light and temperature.
These algae grow efficiently due to their capacity to live in enriched waters and withstand large variations in temperature, light, and salinity. Their small size (a few cm in diameter) means they can easily be filtered from water.
HRAP are very efficient, with an annual purification of 70 percent inorganic nitrogen and 52 percent inorganic phosphorus. However, purification is not constant throughout the year in Mediterranean countries. Spring and summer are the more favorable seasons because of the longer photoperiod and higher temperature. Nitrogen removal can reach 95 percent and phosphorus up to 85 percent. These yields can fall to 30 percent for nitrogen and 10 percent for phosphorus during the winter.
The water that leaves the HRAP has a high concentration of oxygen and high pH due to photosynthesis. Since this is favorable to the system, the water is recycled through the farm. Such water has been shown harmless to sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings and adults.
HRAP have an average algal production of 180 to 200 grams of dry weight per day during the summer and 11 to 13 grams of algae per day in winter, with the possibly of more using greenhouses. This byproduct can be exploited several ways.
The integrated fish production system, which was developed in Israel, uses algae to purify fish effluents rich in ammonia. These algae are used to feed invertebrates, thus allowing other byproducts to be obtained. Such byproducts include various microalgivores like filter-feeding bivalves, and macroalgivores like abalone. The system has the disadvantage of using substantial replacement water, because the purification treatment is still not sufficient to allow all the water to be recirculated.
Aquaculture is a growing industry and its effluents must be properly handled to prevent environmental pollution. Research in this field aims to reduce waste production and lower production and processing costs by creating integrated systems. A better understanding of the transformations of dissolved and particulate matter in these systems is necessary to improve their management.
(Editor's Note: This article was originally published in the December 2000 print edition of the Global Aquaculture Advocate.)
GAA's GOAL 2020 conference may be over ...
… but the content lives on. For GAA individual and corporate members, all 10 program sessions – a total of 15 hours of content – are accessible on-demand in the GOAL 2020 conference platform and GAA member toolkit, as are PDFs of GOAL 2020 presentations.
Not a GAA member? Join us.
Support GAA and Become a Member ⟶
G. Deviller
IFREMER
Chemin de Maguelone, Palavas-les-Flots, France
M.A. Franco-Nava
J.P. Blancheton
[114,102,46,114,101,109,101,114,102,105,64,104,99,110,97,108,98,112,106]
G. Deviller J.P. Blancheton M.A. Franco-Nava recirculation systems
Automated temperature-controlled recirculation systems
A look at various intensive shrimp farming systems in Asia
A review of European marine finfish hatcheries
About the Advocate
The Global Aquaculture Advocate supports the Global Aquaculture Alliance's (GAA) mission of advocating, educating and demonstrating responsible aquaculture practices worldwide.
Search GAA Advocate
Aquafeeds Health & Welfare Innovation & Investment Intelligence Responsibility
Don't Miss an Article
Innovation & Investment Not RAS, not net pens: Salmon farm concepts redefine barriers
Health & Welfare Global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture
Aquafeeds Updating nutritional research strategies for the optimal evaluation of aquafeed ingredients, part 1
Select an Advocate Tag to view it's posts Popular Tags Shrimp Claude E. Boyd James Wright tilapia RAS Litopenaeus vannamei salmon George J. Flick fishmeal biofloc Pacific white shrimp Lauren Kramer catfish fish oil aquafeed aquaculture oysters Darryl E. Jory camarón WSSV water quality disease pangasius AHPND Brazil
Health & Welfare Calidad, supervivencia de la progenie de L. vannamei de hembras sometidas a ablación y a no-ablación
Aquafeeds Could microalgae culture on a conveyor belt catch on?
Dos artículos nuevos cada semana, con noticias e información técnica sobre la evolución de la acuacultura, una de las industrias de más rápido crecimiento en el mundo.
Ver artículos en español
Stay up to date with GAA
Check out #GOALConf20
Copyright © 2016–2021 Global Aquaculture Alliance
SUPPORT GAA AND BECOME A MEMBER
Become a GAA member⟶
Javascript is currently disabled in your web browser. For a better experience on this and other websites, we recommend that you enable Javascript.


text:
Q: How can I change Content-Type in outlook 2013? I'm using web based outlook 2013 and I want to change the content-type form 'multipart/alternative' to 'text/plain' because some mailing list forbid the first choice.

fatal: Sorry, I don't accept messages of MIME Content-Type
  'multipart/alternative' (#5.2.3). Sorry, for security reasons this list
  only accepts plain text email and no large attachments. Please
  configure your mail client accordingly

So, any ideas about how to change the content-type?

A: When you are logged into Outlook.com, create an email. At the top there is an Option button. Click that and choose plain text.

There is not an option to always have Outlook.com do this, so you will have to change it manually for those messages you want in palin text.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The earliest recorded collection of Christmas carols dates from 1521 published by Wynken de Worde and includes The Boars Head Carol. Carol means a dance with a song and carols flourished throughout Tudor times as a way to celebrate and to spread the message of the nativity.
Other Christmas carols the Tudors would have been familiar with include The Coventry Carol, While Shepherds Watched, The First Nowell, Angels from the Realms of Glory, Ding Dong Merrily on High ( French in origin), In Dulci Jubilo, and We Wish You a Merry Christmas. Wassail carols, of which there are many, were also popular and most areas of the country have their own version.
Christmas was the greatest festival celebrated by the Tudors. Advent was a time of fasting; Christmas Eve was particularly strictly kept with no meat, cheese or eggs. Celebrations began on Christmas Day when 3 masses were said and the genealogy of Christ was sung while everyone held lighted tapers. The Monarch was required to attend mass and would be expected to wear new clothes. He would progress from the Privy Chamber to the Chapel Royal dressed in coronation robes of purple and/or scarlet complete with crown.
The whole 12 days of Christmas was celebrated, (25th December - 6th January) but not every day was celebrated equally. All work stopped except looking after animals, spinning was even banned as this was the most common occupation for women and flowers were placed around the spinning wheels. People would visit friends and it was seen as very much a community celebration. Work re-started on Plough Monday the first Monday after 12th night.
In Tudor Times most of the 12 days of Christmas were saints days the 3 most important were 25th Dec, 1st Jan and 6th Jan which is when the most sumptuous feasts were held. (In 1532/33 the preparation for the 12th night feast at Greenwich palace required the building of a temporary boiling and working house). Up to 24 courses would be served, much more than was needed for the guests but it was a status symbol and left over food would be used to feed the poor.
Tudor Christmas had a definite purpose. Because society was very strictly organised it acted as a pressure release, a time when everything was turned on its head, the world turned inside out and upside down. Certain sections of society were even allowed an unusual degree of freedom.
For example in ecclesiastical communities the tradition of the boy bishop was practiced. A choir or alter boy would be elected for a short period either on 6th December (St Nicholas Day) or 28th December (Holy Innocents Day) with the idea being that it showed the boys the honor and dignity of holy orders. He would lead the community and carry out all the duties of the Bishop except taking mass, this would include preaching a sermon and going round to visit parishioners to sing to them along with other choristers.
It was banned in 1541 because it was seen as mocking the church authorities and by implication the head of the church who of course was Henry VIII. However the practice possibly dates back to the 10th century and never completely died out. The tradition is still continued at Hereford, Gloucester, Westminster (RC) and Salisbury cathedrals to this day.
There was a similar tradition in secular circles. They had the Lord of Misrule. He was like a mock king and supervised entertainments or rather unruly events involving drinking, revelry, role reversal and general chaos. One of the games the Tudors would have been familiar with was Blind Mans Buff! The inspiration for this Lord of Misrule was the earlier 11th century tradition of The Feast of Fools. This tradition was not confined only to Christmas but was also used during summer festivities. The person would be chosen by the head of the Parish but Monarchs had their own personal one; however Mary and Elizabeth did not continue this tradition. His rule would end on Twelfth night.
Another example of role reversal which started in the Tudor period is that of Barring out where pupils would take possession of the school by locking the staff out until certain demands regarding play times and homework were met. It was particularly common in Northern counties and was usually around the 6th December which is St Nicholas Day (patron Saint of children).
These types of Christmas tradition are thought to date from the Roman period when servants were allowed to be the boss during the Saturnalia celebrations which were very similar to Christmas. In fact most of the way Tudors celebrated Christmas has its origins in this Roman festival.
Another Tudor Christmas tradition was the performing of plays. There are records from the early 16th century that both Oxford and Cambridge colleges employed travelling players in their Christmas entertainments. There are also records of a play being performed for Cardinal Wolsey at Grays Inn during Christmas 1526. Coventry mystery plays which the Coventry carol was written for, tell the story of Herod's murder of the innocents. Mystery plays are still performed in Coventry even today.
The Tudors also possibly practiced the Viking custom of burning a Yule Log. The Log would be decorated on Christmas Eve for the 12 days of Christmas and then burned. It was considered lucky to keep some remains to help light the following years log.
All sports on Christmas day were banned by Henry VIII in 1541 (except archery of course). In theory gambling, tennis, bowls and other games were forbidden to all but the very wealthy except at Christmas ! Jousting was also a popular sport during the Christmas period.
Edward VI in 1551 passed a law that everyone had to walk to church on Christmas day and it's still in force today.
It was 2 weeks of concerted power politics and networking as the monarch would be surrounded by courtiers, nobility and other important people.
The Tudors gave gifts at New Year. Every important person was expected to give the monarch a New Year gift and receive one in return. This was considered so important that a list of all gifts were kept called the Gift Roll. Acceptance or rejection of a gift was vital as they quite often had a hidden meaning! For example in 1532 Henry VIII accepted Anne Boleyn's gift but rejected Katherine of Aragon's. They were married the following year.
The women of Henry's court are listed as giving him embroidered shirts and other craftsmen would show of their skills too, for example the Hans Holbein painting of Edward was given as a Christmas gift.
Another example of the meaning behind Tudor gift giving is that of Sir Philip Sidney who enraged Elizabeth I by suggesting she should not marry, for New Year he gave her a jeweled whip to show subjection to her will. In 1568 Elizabeth I was given a pair of cambric sleeves by Mr Adams, schoolmaster of Queens pages.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester was a very successful gift giver; he gave silk stockings in the 1st year of Elizabeth's reign and also possibly the world's first wrist watch.
Epigram's were often sent as new year gifts and usually contained 1 or 2 verses like a short poem but usually with a sarcastic or satirical thought. From 1582 Elizabeth began to receive New Year gifts of gold, silver and rock crystal handled forks.
A Tudor Christmas was a time for serious feasting for the royal household and the gentry. The traditional meat was swan, goose or woodcock if they could be caught. Turkey first came to England in 1523 and their popularity grew. Turkeys were walked from Norfolk/Suffolk to London.
The Tudors would probably also have eaten venison, peacock (which was skinned and roasted then put back inside the cured skin with the feathers on as a table decoration) and wild boar which was often the centerpiece. There is a long tradition of having a Boars Head for feasts, possibly originating from an Anglo-Saxon tradition of sacrificing the boar for their Yuletide celebrations. It would be carried into the banqueting hall on a gold or silver dish accompanied by trumpets and the songs of minstrels and is still remembered in the well known carol. It is still known to be practiced at Queens College Oxford and Hurstpierpoint College in West Sussex.
Another common Christmas feast dish was Souse which was pickled pigs feet and ears and then there was the Tudor Christmas Pie. This consisted of a pigeon inside a partridge inside a chicken inside a goose inside a turkey, which was then put in a pastry case called a coffin and served surrounded by hare and other game birds.
The Tudors enjoyed mince pies, but they had far more significance than today in that they had 13 ingredients to represent Jesus and the apostles, they contained fruit (raisins, currants, prunes) and spices (cloves, mace, black pepper, saffron) and also mutton to represent the shepherds. The fashion was for them to be shaped like a crib, but this practice was banned by Oliver Cromwell.
The Tudors also had Christmas pudding but this was shaped like a sausage and contained meat, oatmeal and spices. 12th Night cake was fruitcake baked with an item in like a coin or dried bean, whoever found it became King or Queen or host for the evening's entertainment. The first record of sprouts being eaten at Christmas is in 1587. The Tudors often had salads in the shape of the family coat of arms.
Wassailing was a common Christmas practice throughout all levels of Tudor society and is remembered in the many versions of The Wassail carols. Wassail derives from an Anglo Saxon word meaning be whole or be of good health. It also has links to fertility rights and drinking a toast to the fruit trees to produce a good crop. Large wooden bowls holding up to a gallon of punch would be used containing hot ale or cider, sugar, spices and apples, with a crust of bread at the bottom.
One of these brews was known as Lambswool which was made from roasted apples, beer, nutmeg, ginger and sugar the name came from the froth on the top. It was offered to the most important person in the household first, who would drink from the bowl and pass it on. This would not seem odd to the Tudors as drinking from a communal bowl was normal practice.
The Tudors did not have Christmas trees, although they were around in 16th century. It is a Baltic/northern German tradition and even then it is not recorded until 1520. The first known record of a Christmas Tree was in Riga, Latvia in 1510 which was then part of Germany. The decorations they would have used would have been natural evergreens like holly, ivy, yew, mistletoe, box and laurel. They would not have decorated their houses until Christmas eve as it was thought to be unlucky to do it before. The more modern tradition of fairy lights is said to originate from the 16th century Legend of Martin Luther. He was walking in the snow covered woods and seeing stars through the trees was struck by the beauty, he took a tree home and put candles on it, that's why we have fairy lights!


Gästen bis 17 Jahre ist der Zutritt zu folgender Einrichtung nicht gestattet: Fitnessmöglichkeiten.
Parken ohne Service kostet 15.00 USD pro Nacht Pauschalgebühr.
Parkplätze sind in der Nähe für 15.00 USD pro 24 Stunden verfügbar.
Eine Mikrowelle ist für 10.00 USD pro Aufenthalt verfügbar.
Dirty, over Priced, Suprise Charges!!
The staff wasn't particularly friendly. The pool was DISGUSTING! Our horse pond smells better and is cleaner. The rooms were not the cleanest. Tub felt gritty on the bottom. Lobby looked a bit dingy. You have to pay extra daily for breakfast and parking. These things were not disclosed at booking. Spent $80 more that was NOT expected. I will not be back. Only pro I can find is location. But there were plenty of other hotel options within the distance.