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National Geographic : 1931 Jan
THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Viewed from the sky, these islands are strangely beautiful. Only God's own hands could form these gracefully molded emer ald hills and set them in turquoise seas with foamy waves as a white fringe about dark-green shores. "Isles of Enchanting Views," the natives call them. A flock of sheep feeding far below on a golf course resembled white mice. Ashore in St. Thomas, my parrot-in fested hotel veranda faced Emancipation Park. Here, in 1848, the slaves tore up the public whipping post, threw it into the sea, and compelled the Danes to grant them freedom. Beyond the park is Fort Christian, with old towers and useless muzzle-loading cannon on its walls. The figures "1671" over its portal tell its age, and now Americans use it as a jail. All through the Caribbeans you see ancient edifices put to unromantic use. Even Bluebeard's Castle, when I climbed up to explore it, had been "restored." Now it has tin gutters, and an electric-light meter about where Bluebeard used to sit with his telescope scanning the sea, and is used as a lodge room by Scottish Rite Masons! We visited Gov. Waldo Evans, a retired naval officer. On his wall hangs a list of Virgin Island governors dating back to 1677. "Our chief economic woe is lack of water," he said. "That is one reason why we lose population. Then there's the lure of continental United States. The chance to get work there at good wages draws more and more young men away from the Virgin Islands." Tourists would come and bring a welcome prosperity to this forgotten stepchild of ours if there were decent hotels and creature comforts so necessary to the visitor. A nice, big hole in the clouds, as we flew away, gave Steve a chance for a final aerial shot at St. Thomas (see page 27). AN AIR CRUISE THROUGH THE LEEWARD ISLANDS It was a glorious West Indian morning as we sailed south; but a stiff head wind, after an hour, drove us down, to fly low over the water. Our two pilots, Hawkins and Hammond, side by side in their coop up forward, unfolded the specially drawn charts aviators use on this New York to Buenos Aires seaplane course and flew by compass. On his second voyage Columbus cruised among these islands and gave many their names. The odd isle of Saba lies in this chain. The rattle and bang of our all metal plane, with nothing to see but water, had made us all drowsy. Gayer was sound asleep, and likewise Stevens, when Haw kins gave two zooms, the signal he used to draw our attention to anything interest ing that we were about to pass. And there, now, was the high, volcanic island of Saba, and we were flying around and over it to make pictures. The Dutch have owned Saba and lived here for 300 years, as sailors and boat car penters. In their little town of Bottom, on the floor of the extinct crater in the center of the island, they build small fish ing craft, then hoist them over the crater rim and slide them down to sea. We made out many crooked paths, cut in the slopes of the rocky hill, running down to the beaches (see page 29). LIFE IN BRITISH WEST INDIES TO-DAY RECALLS EARLY COLONIAL TIMES In tiny tilled fields we saw women work ing. These are potato patches, my West Indian guidebook said; but we could only guess. That's one aspect of air travel: you miss the touch and smell with which, in riding on the ground, you identify familiar things. Motor through Missouri on a June day and you delight in the fragrance of new-mown hay, plowed fields, and blos soms; but fly over it and all you smell is gasoline. And air passengers miss the hu man stimulus of stopping and asking ques tions; you get a quick glance and are gone. Before I finished my notes on it, Saba was astern; then ahead, to our right, would be St. Christopher (St. Kitts) and Nevis, where Admiral Nelson married the Widow Nisbet, and where Alexander Hamilton was born. St. Kitts is the mother colony of the British West Indies, for the English set tled here a few years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Its early life was a long struggle among English, French, Spaniards, and Caribs. Then came peace, slavery, and prosperity from rum and sugar, till social and economic changes upset the old order. Riding over clear, shallow water tinted by coral beds, we neared the island of An tigua, seat of government of the British-


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From Deep Underground at Missile Command …Headhunter20
Firing the heat seeking missile of common sense … Molon Labe
Gas-powered seal club	Next Post
Noah's Ark Has Been Found
Headhunter20	Uncategorized	Leave a comment
Noah's Ark Has Been Found. Why Are They Keeping Us In The Dark?
I won't hold you in suspense with this article: The Ark of Noah has been found. It's real.
The Visual Evidence
The first part of the survey was to examine the object and take its measurements. The shape looked like hull of a ship. One end was pointed as you would expect from bow [below: D] and the opposite end was blunt like a stern. The distance from bow to stern was 515 feet, or exactly 300 Egyptian cubits. The average width was 50 cubits. These were the exact measurements mentioned in the Bible.
Photo: http://www.viewzone.com/noahx.html
If rivets being used in ancient construction doesn't impress you, this surely will.
An analysis of the metal used to make the rivets revealed that they were a combination of iron (8.38%), aluminum (8.35%) and titanium (1.59%). Remember these trace metals have survived petrification and so do not indicate the exact content in the original material. (see Report from Galbraith Labs)
We know the aluminum was incorporated in the metallic mixture because it does not exist in metallic form in nature. This implies an extremely advanced knowledge of metallurgy and engineering. Characteristics of an iron-aluminum alloy have been investigated in The Russian Chemical Bulletin (2005) and reveal that this alloy forms a thin film of aluminum oxide which protects the material from rust and corrosion. The addition of titanium would provide added strength. This seems to have worked. The rivets have survived from antiquity!
The huge anchors would have been suspended from the keel of the ship. This was a common practice among ancient mariners to stabilize a heavy ship and ensure that the bow is always facing the on-coming waves. A "top heavy" ship, such as the Ark, could easily be capsized by a wave approaching from the side.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, "In politics there are no accidents. If it happens you can bet it was planned that way."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Reagan NextGen
2018 Reagan NextGen Leaders
Current: July 2018
July 2018 - BEN RANKIN
BEN RANKIN
Bio: Meet our July leader, Ben Rankin, a sophomore at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Ben is working towards a double major in Political Science and Finance with a minor in Economics. He currently consults for the Center for Civilians in Conflict, where he researches U.S. policies affecting armed conflicts abroad that result in human rights violations. As president of UMKC College Democrats, Ben has grown his leadership and student organizing skills. His experiences with the Leadership and the American Presidency Program and The Great Communicator Debate Series helped prepare him for these roles.
Ben describes his LTAP experience as a "once-in-a lifetime," citing that the curriculum, internships, and visits to Washington-area organizations gave him "nearly endless opportunities to grow as a leader, student, and citizen." In the Great Communicator Debate Series, he finished as a national quarterfinalist. To Ben, learning about President Reagan offered profound insights into leadership. Ben is pursuing a career in finance, and he has recently accepted an internship at a financial planning firm in Kansas City.
INTERVIEW WITH BEN RANKIN
What advice would you give someone going into a leadership position for the first time?
You have a responsibility to nurture your team and ensure that they feel valuable and respected. It's easy for a leader to fail if they don't put in the effort necessary to keep their teammates motivated and engaged, and I would encourage every first-time leader to be very aware of that.
I'm really interested right now in legislation affecting how the United States prioritizes human rights in conflicts abroad. I study Congressional authorization for the use of force, arms sales, and defense legislation, and report on those issues in a weekly blog for the Center for Civilians in Conflict.
What are you reading right now?
I just finished The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham last night, and I thought that its argument for value investing was incredibly engaging. This morning I picked up A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel, and I can't wait to get started on it.
How do you approach challenges?
I believe in problem-solving through listening. When I'm confronted by a new challenge, I learn as much as I can about it from people who have faced it before. There's a point, however, at which one has to make a choice based on limited information, and I have to remind myself not to deliberate an issue to the point of indecisiveness.


I don't normally post during the middle of the week, but I have one last Barefoot Contessa recipe that I made over the weekend that I really wanted to make sure I shared with y'all before the weekend arrives and I focus on other recipes. I've started making my own salad dressings lately, because most bottled dressings just don't cut it for me...the only bottled salad dressings I buy are Newman's Own. To me, they taste most like something I could have whipped up in my kitchen. If I have time, I really enjoy making my own flavored vinaigrettes.
When I was looking at Ina Garten's recipes last week to plan Saturday night's dinner, I came across a recipe for a gorgeous Basil Green Goddess dressing. Green Goddess was evidently a very popular dressing back in the day. Then Ranch came along and sort of pushed it aside, and its popularity has gone down in recent years. However, I'm going to stage my own personal one-woman campaign to bring it back!! Last year, Michael and I were fortunate enough to eat at Thomas Keller's amazing ad hoc in Napa Valley. The salad course that night featured an Avocado Green Goddess dressing that Michael and I went absolutely crazy for.
Ina's recipe doesn't have any avocado, but it is the most lovely shade of green thanks to the basil! I might tweak the recipe next time and add a half of a ripe Haas avocado to see if I can replicate the dressing we had at ad hoc. But...for now, we really loved the great, bold flavors in this dressing! I made a half batch, which is 1 cup of salad dressing. After using it on our salad that night, I've been using the leftovers as a dip for snacks this week.
One caveat: this dressing has a very pronounced garlic flavor. If you're not a garlic lover, you might want to cut the amount below in half!
Step 1: Place the mayo, sour cream, green onions, basil, lemon juice, garlic, salt, and pepper in a blender or food processor.
Step 2: Blend until combined and the dressing is a lovely shade of green. I found it effective to pulse at the start, and then let it go on regular speed for about a minute. If it looks a little thick, add a bit of milk until you get the consistency you're looking for. I think I added about 1/3 cup of milk to make it pourable. It all depends on the thickness you prefer!
Step 3: Place the dressing in a plastic container and refrigerate until you're ready to use. I think that preparing the dressing a few hours ahead is best, because that will allow all of the flavors to combine well.
When you're ready to serve, put some salad greens in a bowl and toss well to combine. The original recipe recommends using Bibb lettuce and diced tomato. I simply tossed some organic baby field greens with the dressing, along with a bit of good parmesan cheese.
What a beautiful color! I think I'd like this as a dip for veggies.
Oooh, this looks wonderful. As salad dressing, dip, on a baked potato, on a sandwich... I need to make this!
I've used the leftovers this week as both a chip dip and sandwich spread. For the sandwich, I put it on the bread as is. For the dip, I added about 1/2 cup to the remaining 1/2 cup of sour cream + added another chopped green onion.
This sounds and looks delicious. This is such a versatile recipe...I love it! PS, I've got a giveaway going on that I think you might be interested in :) Stop by and check it out!
Thanks...appreciate it! Will stop by!!
The dressing looks great! Wonderful color! I love Ina Garten...her stuff is always so good.
I like your idea of adding some avocado to it...that sounds like it would be perfect.
Wendy - I adore Green Goddess Dressing so I will definately be trying this one.
Wendy, this looks great! I have a basil plant that is full and starting to flower, so I need to use it. This will be perfect!


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FIA sets age minimum for future Formula One drivers
F1 calls for drivers to be at least 18, demands more time in minor series
By GMM
LAT PHOTOGRAPHIC
Max Verstappen could be a trivia answer in Formula One as both the first and last 17-year-old to start a F1 Grand Prix. That is because, following the inexperienced Dutchman's controversial signing by Toro Rosso for 2015, the FIA is clamping down on the requirements for obtaining a mandatory Super License required to compete in F1.
Verstappen, the son of former Benetton driver Jos Verstappen, will be unaffected by the changes, which look set to be introduced for 2016. Indeed, the young driver's preparation for his 2015 debut is already well advanced, and this week he returned to the wheel of a 2012 car for a test session at a rainy Imola track in Italy.
But a driver in exactly the same situation in 2016 would not be allowed to make his debut.
Verstappen, who is not yet old enough to drive a normal road car in his native country, and so
Among the changes, the FIA will require that its F1 drivers hold "a valid driving license" from 2016. Verstappen, meanwhile, is not yet old enough to drive a normal road car in his native country and does not yet have such a license.
Not only that, F1 drivers will have to be at least 18 years old.
Verstappen would also fail the incoming requirement of needing to spend at least two years in minor Formulas. In his first season out of karts, the 17-year-old finished third in this year's FIA European F3 championship.
More From Formula One
No Real Surprise as F1 Had Fewer Overtakes in 2020
Haas F1 Principal Says Mazepin Needs to 'Grow Up'
Fifth Formula 1 Driver Tests Positive for COVID-19
Capito Brings Williams F1 a Missing Ingredient
Formula 1 Reveals First Revised Schedule for 2021
Here's How F1 Can Solve It's Biggest Problem
A Second 2021 F1 Race is in Jeopardy over COVID-19
Cyril Abiteboul Out as Alpine F1 Team Principal
Mick Schumacher Is More Than His Father's Legacy
Verstappen Can't Wait to Destroy Perez at Red Bull


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Tigers	0
Éloi-Viau Stadium, LaSalle
Tigers game stats are not available.
Daniel Bromberg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Geoff Dunsworth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Chris Dyer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Claude Girard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Todd Larson 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Frédéric Maltais 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Lord Mbemba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Mark Therrien 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Matt Antolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -


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Q: How can I make a dry dilution refrigerator quiet? The pulse tubes are really loud.
We've wrapped the helium lines in sound absorbing foam, and we have a cage around the top of the cryostat also lined with foam, but it's still pretty loud.
To make this an interesting physics question I ask: how is the sound getting from the mechanism to my ears?
Does the sound travel through the support frame?
Through the helium lines?
Given the transduction channel, is there an effective way to reduce the noise?

A: I'm afraid we've found no real solution to this problem. I think the noise propagates through the support frame, and sound proofing doesn't help very much. I think your best bet is either noise cancelling headphones or remote desktop as much as possible. But neither solution will help other people who may be in the same lab.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Temple
Manjunatheshwara
The Dharmasthala Temple is a beautiful, historic temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and is situated around 65 kms from Mangalore. This is temple is very famous and a pioneer in Annadhanam (feeding the mass). The modern, hygienic, automated kitchen of this temple has been designed to feed 30,000 to 70,000 pilgrims on any given day. Padma Vibhushan Shri D.Veerendra Heggade,who is the Dharmadhikari (CEO), is instrumental behind this eco friendly kitchen and its operations.The kitchen and the food preparation process, serving food to thousands was recently featured on National Geographic channel as one of the most efficient and resourceful mass kitchens of India.
The history of the temple dates back to 800 years. Dharmasthala was known as Kuduma, where lived a village chief called Birmanna Pergade and his wife Ammu Ballalthi in a house called Nelyadi Beedu. They were pious and affectionate couple known for their generosity and hospitality .
According to legend, four Dharma devadais (guardian angels) Kalarahu, Kalarkai, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari arrived at Pergade's home as mortals in search of a place where Dharma was being practiced .The Pergade couple hosted these adithis (guests) with all their humility and hospitality. Pleased by their sincerity that night the Dharma devadas appeared in the dreams of Birmanna Pergade, asked him to vacate his house for the worship of the God Dharma and dedicate his life to the propagation of Dharma.Without hesitation, the Pergade moved out of his house and began worshipping the Deities at Nelyadi Beedu. This continues even today.
These Dharma devas appeared in Pergade's dream and asked him to construct seperate shrines for them. Pergade built the shrines and invited brahmin priests to perform the temple rituals. These priests requested Pergade to also install a Shivlinga beside the native devadais. A local person serving Pergade called Annappa Swamy was sent to procure the idol of Lord Manjunatheshwara from Kadri, near Mangalore. Later, Shree Manjunatha Swamy temple was built around this idol.
Around the 16th century, Shri Devaraja Heggade, the chief care taker of the temple in the Pergade family lineage, invited Shri Vadiraja Thirtha of Udupi to visit the place. Swami Vadiraja sensed that idol of Lord Manjunatha had not been consecrated according to the agama sastras (vedic rites). Shri Heggade then requested the Swamiji to reconsecrate the Shiva Linga himself. The Swamiji named the place Dharmasthala meaning the abode of religion and charity. The charity work established by the Pergades 800 years ago have been nurtured and maintained by 21 generations of the Heggade family.
Dharmasthal temple entrance
The Temple : The temple is situated in a big sprawling space and has been built in the Kerala temple architecture. The temple constructed with wood, stone and metals. The base structure of the temple is made using granite and laterite. The temple has a pyramidal roof. The conical roof is made of wood and is covered with gold plated copper plates in order to protect the inner framework from the vigorous monsoons of the western ghats. THe gold plated gopuram over the sanctum is in traditional South Indian style.
Lord Shiva as Shri Manjunatheshwara in the form of lingam is the moolavar (principal deity). There are sannidhis for the Dharma devadais Kalarahu, Kalarkai, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari. There are sannidhis for Ganesha, Subramanya, Goddess Ammanuvaru (Ambal or mother Goddess in Kannada),Sri Annappa swamy.
The hall where food is served as Prasadam (file picture)
Annaprasadam (Annadhanam) A three course meal with a sweet is offered to every one of the thousands of pilgrims, who visit the temple is offered free food,irrespective of caste, creed, culture or status. It is a tradition not to leave Dharmasthala without having the meal,which is the prasadam of this temple.Annapurna Choultry, the hall where the food is served is equipped with a hygienic, automated kitchen designed to feed 30,000 to 70,000 pilgrims on any given day.Shri D.Veerendra Heggade makes sure that the kitchen is run on alternate forms of energy to make kitchen truly eco friendly.The kitchen and the food preparation process, serving food to thousands was recently featured on National Geographic channel as one of the most efficient and resourceful mass kitchens of India.
Sunday and Monday
Morning : 10.30 Am to 4.30 Pm
Night : 07 Pm to 10 Pm
Morning : 11 Am to 02.45 Pm
Important Festivals
There are special pooja on Sivarthri, Pradosham days. Ganesh Chaturthi, Navarathri (Dussera) are also ver important here.During the April, the 'Pattanajae Jatre' is celebrated just before monsoons. One of the major festivals includes Laksha Deepothsava or the Festival of Lights towards the end of the year is a major festival here.
Some tips to the vistors
There are a few mandatory rituals to be followed within the premises.
Plastic bags are not allowed in the temple premise. Please carry cloth bags with you
Men should remove shirt and inner vest while entering the sannidhi.
Men with half pants and ladies with nighties are not allowed inside the Temple for darshan.
Bags are not allowed inside the temple.Cameras are not allowed inside even when you go for your lunch at the temple
No eatables are allowed inside the temple.
Use of Mobile phones and camera in the temple premises are prohibited.
Temple location The temple is situated in the town of Dharmasthala.
Temple Timings The temple is open from 6:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m, 12:15 p.m to 2:30 p.m in the evenings 5:00 p.m. to 8:30 p.m.
The nearest Airport is Mangalore. The temple is around 65 kms from Mangalore and can be easily reached by road. There are plenty of buses from Mangalore,Sringeri,Udipi,Kukke Subramanya to this place.
Where to Stay? There are clean and hygienic accommodations available at the temple premises itself. Ganga, Kaveri and Narmada and nine new modern guest houses Sannidhi , Nethravathi, Gayathri, Vaishali, Saketha, Gangotri, Sharavathi, Rajathadri and Sahyadri. Online booking for these can be done at https://www.shridharmasthala.org/online-room-booking/
Other interesting places around Dharamasthala The Manjusha Museum is situated very close to the temple is a museum of armors, swords, old cameras, vintage cars.
Situated atop the Ratnagiri Hill 1 km from the Manjunatha temple is the majestic shrine of lord Bahubali standing at a height of 39 feet.
The famous Kukke Subramanya temple is around 55 kms from here. Udipi Sri Krishna temple and Srigeri Sri Saradha temple are around 100 kms from here. Horanadu Sri Annapoorani is around 90 kms from here.
Plan your itinerary in such a way that you visit these "the must visit in your life time places".
Contact SHREE KSHETRA DHARMASTHALA
Karnataka -574216
Phone : 08256 – 266666
Fax : 08256 – 277116
E – Mail : info@shridharmasthala.org
Website: https://www.shridharmasthala.org/
District: Dakshin Kannada
Languages: Tulu,Kannada,a little Tamil English
Weather: Summer 33-39°C, Winter 16-28°C . Heavy seasonl rains from June till October


OXFORD, Miss. – Students and faculty from the University of Mississippi Department of Legal Studies recently joined forces with the Marshall County Correctional Facility in Holly Springs to pack more than 100,000 meals in one day for an organization that helps needy children.
Feed My Starving Children is a Christian nonprofit working to eliminate starvation and hunger worldwide.
Linda Keena, interim chair for the Department of Legal Studies, teaches restorative justice and entrepreneurship courses to a group of maximum-security inmates at the facility, where the idea for the project got its start. Over the course of eight hours, the group packed enough meals to feed 277 children every day for an entire year.
"Part of what we try to do is find ways to repair harm that their behavior has caused to the community, so we decided we would try to put together this project," Keena explained. "It has been a really rewarding day.
For Keena, this project was a valuable service-learning experience for her criminal justice students.
Kornisha Johnson, a senior criminal justice major from Sallis, described the experience as a blessing.
"This project has meant a lot to me," Johnson said. "Back home, there is little opportunity and I'm surrounded by poverty, so to be able to give back to so many children is amazing.
Lexi Caviness, a sophomore criminal justice minor from Ripley, said the experience has changed her perspective of the incarcerated.
Many of the offenders, including Richard Moore of Walls, expressed gratitude for getting to do something positive in reparation for their past wrongdoings.
"We're all in here for doing something destructive, and society looks at us like we are throwaways," Moore said. "This gives us an opportunity to show that we have changed and that we are capable of doing something good.
The inmates first had to pass the Ice House Entrepreneurship class as a prerequisite to the restorative justice class to participate in the food-packing event, Keena said.
Gary Schoeniger, founder and CEO of Entrepreneurial Learning Initiative and co-author of the Ice House Entrepreneurship book, flew in from his headquarters in Ohio for the packing event. Schoeniger and Keena have spoken at venues across the country, sharing the effective use of the Ice House Entrepreneurship program in prison systems.
Students in the Department of Legal Studies' criminal justice program can declare an emphasis in corrections. They are taught the skills they will need to manage prisoners, interact with adult parolees and probationers, and supervise juveniles in the community or secured juvenile facilities.
Students learn how courts and prisons work and different strategies for dealing with inmates, probationers and parolees, including rehabilitation efforts and counseling.
For more information about programs on study in criminal justice, email legalstu@olemiss.edu or visit http://legalstudies.olemiss.edu/.


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Home » MAA Publications » Periodicals » Convergence » Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Euclid
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Euclid
‹ Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Pattern Thinking as the Mark of Modern Mathematics up Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Euclid (continued) ›
Michael N. Fried
Book III of Euclid's Elements concerns the basic properties of circles, for example, that one can always find the center of a given circle (proposition 1); that a line through the center is perpendicular to a chord if and only if it bisects the chord (proposition 3); that two circles can intersect one another in at most two points (proposition 10); that the diameter is the greatest chord (proposition 15); that a line is tangent to a circle if and only if it is perpendicular to a radius through the point of contact (propositions 18, 19); that the sum of the opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral is equal to two right angles (proposition 22); that the angle in a semicircle is right (proposition 31). Proposition 35 is the proposition stated above, namely:
If in a circle two straight lines cut each other, the rectangle contained by the segments of the one is equal to the rectangle contained by the segments of the other.
Proposition 36 tells us, in addition:
If a point is taken outside the circle, and from it two lines fall on the circle, one cutting the circle and the other tangent, then the rectangle contained by whole of the line cutting the circle and the part of it intercepted outside the circle between the point and the convex circumference will be equal to the square on the tangent.
Proposition 37, which ends the book, is the converse of Proposition 36, providing a criterion for concluding when a line from a point outside a circle will be tangent to the circle.
The demonstration of proposition 35, which I shall present in a moment, is well worth seeing since Euclid's approach is different than the usual classroom approach via similarity; indeed, Euclid does not treat similarity at all until the sixth book of the Elements. Before that, though, the reader ought to know why I go to pains to avoid the usual "product of the lengths of two segments" and insist on saying "the rectangle contained by two segments." First of all, this is the way Euclid says it. And if one is dealing with history, one ought to be sensitive to the way things are put. Second, Euclid really means "the rectangle contained by two segments"; for Euclid, multiplication (pollaplēsios in Greek) is reserved for numbers, and 'numbers', for him, means only natural numbers. That a rectangle, for Euclid, is a rectangle and square a square is crucial when one considers propositions such as this from Book II of the Elements:
If a straight line be cut into equal and unequal segments the rectangle contained by the unequal segments of the whole together with the square on the straight line between the points of section is equal to the square on the half (Book II, proposition 5).
Thus if AB is bisected at C and divided again at D (see fig. 1), then Euclid says the rectangle contained by AD and DB (which I shall abbreviate hereafter as rect.AD,DB) together with the square on CD (which I shall abbreviate hereafter sq.CD) is equal to sq. CB. With CZ being the square built on CB, BE being joined, and KM and DH being drawn parallel to AB and BZ, respectively, Euclid must show that rectangle AQ together with the square LH is equal to the square CZ; once one realizes that AQ is equal to the figure CBZHQL, the proof becomes, with all the squares and rectangles in plain view, almost a 'proof-without-words'.
Taking AC=a and CD=b, this proposition has been understood in the past to show, in geometric language, the algebraic identity (a+b)(a-b)+b2=a2, or, in its more familiar form, (a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2. For someone who already knows algebra and knows its importance in modern mathematics, this is a very seductive interpretation. The problem is that while the interpretation makes sense mathematically it really does not hold water historically, as I described above (see Fried & Unguru, 2001 for a discussion of this proposition in particular). But let us leave that issue and return to Euclid's proof (slightly paraphrased) of III.35, which, incidentally, relies on the proposition just cited!
Michael N. Fried, "Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Euclid," Convergence (August 2010)
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Introduction
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Mathematics as the Science of Patterns
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Pattern Thinking as the Mark of Modern Mathematics
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Euclid (continued)
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Jacob Steiner and the Power of a Point
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Jacob Steiner (continued)
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Conclusion
Mathematics as the Science of Patterns - Bibliography


SALT LAKE CITY – The holiday shopping season isn't all about the big box stores, and small businesses are asking for your support.
Along with "Small Business Saturday", local leaders are launching a "Shift Your Spending" campaign.
They say it makes a big difference when you buy local. Not only do you avoid the crowds, but it puts your money right back into your neighborhood.
Brenda Biljanic owns BB's Boutique in Holladay, and she said patronizing local shops makes for a more personalized experience.
"Most of the people, I like to strive to get to know them on a personal level as well," she said of her customers.
Biljanic is a partner with Utah's Shift your Spending campaign, which is encouraging shoppers to buy local.
And shopping at stores that are at least 51 percent locally owned means more of your money stays here in the community.
"In Utah we have what's called a four times multiplier effect," said Kristen Lavelett, executive director for Utah's Local First organization.
She explained what that means for Utah.
And if you shop online, only pennies on the dollar stay here.
"That $56, that stays here in Utah, that allows the business owner to purchase more merchandise, that allows them to employ their staff," Lavelett said.
Various local businesses offered deals on Black Friday, and more are expected to do so for Small Business Saturday.
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Leclerc looks to be in the clear ahead of Monaco Grand Prix as Ferrari ease gearbox fears
By Sports Desk May 22, 2021
Charles Leclerc's chances of starting his home grand prix in pole position appeared to have received a boost on Saturday, with Ferrari finding no gearbox damage in initial checks.
Leclerc took pole for the Monaco Grand Prix in dramatic circumstances earlier in the day when he crashed while top of the timesheets.
The crash forced qualifying to be halted early. Leclerc flicked off one barrier and went hurtling into another just as his rivals – including second-placed Max Verstappen and Valtteri Bottas in third – seemed ready to mount a challenge in the closing moments of the session.
Leclerc admitted he was worried the impact and the damage to his car may mean its gearbox required replacing, which would see him given a grid penalty.
However, tests conducted by Ferrari found no "serious damage" to the gearbox, though further checks will be carried out on Sunday to ensure it is useable.
This update came after the post-qualifying news conference, in which Leclerc said: "I have mixed feelings a little bit, because with the crash I don't know where I'm starting tomorrow yet. It depends on the damage on the car."
It was the first time Leclerc had made it to Q3 on his home circuit.
"Well, it didn't feel great to go Q3, as at least we were expecting to go through to Q3," he said.
"It would have been a big disappointment if I was not going into Q3, 2019 was a hard one to take as we definitely had the potential to be up there but we couldn't finalise it after the mistake we have done in Q1. Hopefully we will end up this weekend on a high, which never happened at home."
Meanwhile, two weeks after securing a 100th pole position of his Formula One career, championship leader Lewis Hamilton had to settle for seventh on the grid.
"[The car] didn't feel too bad on Thursday, and then we made some changes and it felt pretty terrible today, so of course we go back to the drawing board," Hamilton said.
"I think from my point I just had such a lack of grip out there, which then leads you to overdrive and start trying to get more from it to no end – it doesn't improve.
"Today was a question of tyres, the tyres were just not working. I was sliding around. I've not spoken to the engineers just yet. Valtteri did a better job at the end of the day."
Hamilton's poor run means that title challenger Verstappen is well placed to take advantage.
"It's always important to score a lot of points, but of course you need to be ahead of your main rivals as much as you can," said the Red Bull driver.
"So today was good – but of course we need to finish that off tomorrow."
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« Verstappen catches the eye but Mercedes chief Wolff rules out 'flirting' with F1 new generation Brawn: Formula One needs focus on 'raceability' »
'Franchise driver' Norris as good as Fernando Alonso, says McLaren boss Brown
Lando Norris is a "franchise driver" and is as good as Formula One icon Fernando Alonso, McLaren CEO Zak Brown believes.
The 23-year-old is set for his fifth year with McLaren and has a new teammate for 2023 in Oscar Piastri, resulting in an exciting youthful pairing in F1.
McLaren have high hopes for their future in F1, with Brown recently outlining his objective of competing for the title by 2025, and Norris is an integral part of those plans.
The team have managed to keep Norris out of the clutches of Red Bull, whom he has spoken to in the past, with the young driver tied down until 2025 and seen as a figure McLaren can build around.
Though there is still plenty for Norris to achieve in F1, Brown suggests he is comparable to two-time F1 champion Fernando Alonso.
"Lando's a franchise driver. Lando's one of those guys if we put everyone in a dirt buggy and we put all the F1 drivers in a race, he'd be at the front because he's got that kind of natural talent," Brown told ESPN.
"I think he is as good as anyone on the grid, and I've felt that from day one when I put him against Fernando in the 24 Hours of Daytona, foreign car, foreign track.
"I think Fernando is as good as any F1 driver there's ever been, and Lando matches him, and depending on what time of day it was, maybe he even got him a little bit, and vice versa.
"You see that natural talent. You do get some drivers who are a one-make discipline and you throw them in a unique situation and they don't get up to speed as quickly."
Norris is still waiting for a maiden victory in F1 but he did see Mercedes' George Russell – someone he raced alongside during their junior careers – secure a win last season.
Brown feels that will provide encouragement for the forthcoming campaign.
"He wants to be winning races, I'm sure he knows he can beat George and he has beaten George before... and he goes out and wins," Brown added.
"He's going to be anxious people he's raced with don't get too many more wins before he starts getting his."
Alfa Romeo appoint Alunni Bravi as Vasseur successor
Alfa Romeo have appointed Alessandro Alunni Bravi as team representative following Frederic Vasseur's exit to Ferrari.
Part of the Sauber Group since 2017, Alunni Bravi's new role effectively fills that of a team principal and he will "represent the team in all official functions at race weekends and away from the track".
The appointment marks one of the first major tasks completed by Andreas Seidl, who joined as the new CEO of the Sauber Group last month from McLaren.
"I am delighted to confirm the appointment of Alessandro Alunni Bravi to the role of team representative, in addition to his existing duties of managing director of the Group," Seidl said.
"His vast experience in motorsport has equipped him with all the tools he needs to succeed, and his intimate knowledge of the team, of which he has been part for more than five years, will ensure stability and continuity in our progression.
"Alessandro representing the team during the Formula One championship will allow me to focus on growing the Group and preparing for the challenges and opportunities that await us.
"I thank Alessandro for his belief in our vision and I welcome him to this additional position: I am convinced this is another valuable addition to what is without any doubt a very strong team, from the drivers to the management team, to each one of our employees, capable of building on last year's success and creating a bright future for Sauber."
The team is entering a transitional period this year, with the Alfa Romeo naming deal expiring at the end of the 2023 season and will be replaced by Audi, who officially enters F1 in 2026.
Testing ahead of the new season begins in Spain next month, with the first race taking place in Bahrain on March 20.
Ben Sulayem: F1 belongs to the FIA and has only been rented out
FIA president Mohammed Ben Sulayem made it clear that Formula One's governing body has a say on who controls the series' commercial rights.
The civil war between the FIA and F1 took another twist this week after Ben Sulayem expressed concern about reports that Saudi Arabia is interested in buying the sport for a mammoth $20billion (£16.15bn) fee.
F1 responded fiercely, insisting that owners Liberty Media has the "exclusive right" to "exploit the commercial rights".
Ben Sulayem is not backing down, however, with his belief that the FIA still has a decisive say on the matter.
"The championship is ours. We have only rented it out," he said at the Monte Carlo rally, per Auto Motor und Sport.
"So far there are only rumours about a possible sale. But the FIA should have a say and be able to offer advice."
Two decades ago, a 100-year lease deal was agreed between the FIA and former F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone for a reported fee of $300m (£242m) – a figure significantly lower than the motorsport's current value.
Despite that, it is reported that a 'Don King clause' hands the FIA veto power over any sale.
Ben Sulayem has regularly been at loggerheads with F1 since taking charge of the FIA in December 2021, recently publicly backing Andretti's proposed entry alongside General Motors and adopting a tough stance against drivers wearing jewellery during the 2022 season.
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Nice new private room with bathroom. private enterance. Located at Revava, very nice and peaceful village in the Samaria woods. 100m from Revava center, supermarket, pizza, ATM, ect.
Ideal for single or couple guests that have business in Samaria area or travellers that looking for special and quite place.
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Well, he was a pretty good imitation of the kid Anthony in the famous Twilight Zone episode called It's a good life. Only he had orange hair for some reason. It was going to be a long morning. As the sky lightened, I thought of all the sunrise services that folks were attending this Easter morning, at least the true believers among the Christians. But I had to deal with Anthony, or C.W. if you prefer.
"I don't like it when your species sheds blood for no reason," he said.
"It's good that you don't like it," I said.
people are bad, very bad. - C.W.
and click some ads, C.W. needs books.
"It's good that we watch wrestling," I said.


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Disturbed Indestructible Review
Category: Music Tags: Disturbed, Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Indestructible, Review, Rock, Traditional Heavy Metal Leave a Comment
Artist: Disturbed
Album: Indestructible
Genre(s): Heavy Metal, Rock
Subgenres(s): Hard Rock, Traditional Heavy Metal
Label(s): Reprise
01. Indestructible
02. Inside the Fire
03. Deceiver
04. The Night
05. Perfect Insanity
06. Haunted
07. Enough
08. The Curse
09. Torn
10. Criminal
11. Divide
12. Façade
Disturbed Indestructible Cover
Indestructible is the fourth album by Disturbed and their second in the hard rock/traditional heavy metal style that was adopted on their last album, Ten Thousand Fists. Aside from a small step forward in musicianship not much has changed stylistically and Indestructible is a direction continuation of that sound.
This time around there are less songs and a slightly shorter running time which both work in Disturbed's favour because despite refining their knack for high calibre anthems even further, Indestructible is very much a by the numbers effort and the first few songs will let you know exactly what you're in for so not much is going to catch you off guard.
The title track gets the ball rolling and sets the tone perfectly with a mid-paced guitar riff that is preceded by air raid sirens. The lyrics have an inspirational angle that is used to address and motivate soldiers which contrasts with the contemplational lyrics of Overburdened, a song from Ten Thousand Fists, which deals with the morality of war and its consequences.
Many of the other lyrics found on Indestructible deal with harsher subject matter such as suicide (Inside the Fire), mental illness (Perfect Insanity) and domestic abuse (Façade) but if your band operates under the moniker Disturbed you probably feel somewhat obligated to live up to your name.
Unlike the infamous shock monologue heard on Down with the Sickness from their debut album, Façade is far more mature in dealing with the subject matter of domestic abuse, which describes the situation of a female victim with David Draiman questioning "for how long will you try?/how long until you walk away?/your facade can't disguise/the fact that you're in misery" before the situation is escalated to her retaliation with lines like "homicide flashes through her mind again/no more pain, take control/if he raises his hand again/she'll find her freedom in killing him/the world will see that she's had enough" which points to her taking her partners life and the situation subsequently unfolding through the media.
Perfect Insanity and Divide were both originally written before the release of their debut, The Sickness, in 2000 but they didn't make it onto the album and it's not hard to see why since they didn't adhere to the strict nu metal sound that Disturbed moved onto at that stage in their career. The groove metal foundation of these songs translates into their current hard rock/traditional heavy metal sound exceptionally well because they both offer a lot of aggression that is rounded off with their emphasis on melody to bring the best of both worlds together.
Other moments on the album such as the bridge to Enough ramp up the aggression not only in terms of instruments but also in terms of David Draiman's vocal delivery, which is done with a deeper snarling voice that is outright ferocious. His manic laughter on Inside the Fire is another highlight in its own right while the keyboards/programmed parts heard on some songs are tastefully integrated to enhance the atmosphere.
To some listeners Indestructible could start to wear thin after a few listens because Disturbed haven't really pushed their sound out of the box on this album but their ability to fuse hard driving guitar anthems with an unrivalled sense of melody will undoubtedly allow them to embed themselves in your ears after any amount of time spent listening to them.
David Draiman: Vocals
Dan Donegan: Guitar, electronics
Mike Wengren: Drums, backing vocals
John Moyer: Bass guitar
Disturbed Homepage
Disturbed on Wikipedia
Indestructible on Wikipedia
Disturbed Ten Thousand Fists Review
Category: Music Tags: Disturbed, Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Review, Rock, Ten Thousand Fists, Traditional Heavy Metal Leave a Comment
Album: Ten Thousand Fists
01. Ten Thousand Fists
02. Just Stop
03. Guarded
04. Deify
05. Stricken
06. I'm Alive
07. Sons of Plunder
08. Overburdened
09. Decadence
10. Forgiven
11. Land of Confusion (Genesis Cover)
12. Sacred Lie
13. Pain Redefined
14. Avarice
Disturbed Ten Thousand Fists Cover
Ten Thousand Fists is the third studio album by Disturbed. With the popularity of nu metal rapidly declining most bands in the subgenre chose to take another path and Disturbed are no exception to this as they embrace a sound that is somewhere between hard rock and traditional heavy metal for Ten Thousand Fists.
With the musicianship of drummer Mike Wengren and guitarist Dan Donegan being heavily contained on Disturbed's nu metal albums for the most part, Ten Thousand Fists makes its evident that they want to do more or at the least get back to the level that they were at when playing groove metal under the name Brawl.
The songs are faster, sound more powerful and for the first time there are guitar solos to be heard on several songs including Stricken, Overburdened, Forgiven, Avarice and Land of Confusion, an unexpected cover of a Genesis song that translates exceptionally well into their new sound. There aren't any weak songs to be found per se but after a few listens it can start to sound a bit played out due to the lack of variety, which isn't helped by a 56 minute running time and it seems hard trying to justify the length of it for this reason.
David Draiman's vocals are as strong as ever and on I'm Alive he cleverly enunciates the words rage and anger when he sings "change again, cannot be considered/I rage again, dispelling my anger" for effect without having to resort to shouting. However his trademark barking noise from The Sickness make an appearance on the title track, Sons of Plunder, Forgiven and Avarice but is absent from most songs.
His lyrical themes have now progressed onto topics such as war and personal struggles with Decadence addressing self harm and I'm Alive dealing with the pressure of others trying to influence the bands artistic direction to create something that wouldn't be Disturbed and their subsequent rejection of this.
Overburdened looks at people killing others in the name of religion or political ideology only to finding themselves queueing up to enter Hell, which is overburdened by the sheer number of people caught up in harmful ideology all while thinking that they're fighting for a righteous cause. At the start of the song one of these people reflects on this by saying "Fate is so unkind/Now I should have known/Blind leading the blind/Reaping what I've sown/If it all amounts to nothing/Why, then, am I standing in this line?" after believing that they were right in doing what they did. David Draiman puts a different lens on this perspective to infer that "holy blessed homicide" is wrong in any context and that people that believe otherwise have been misled, possibly for the gain of others.
The improved musicianship and deeper lyrical content that has come with the change in sound will surely have won over some new fans and there are many infectious hooks that will get stuck in your head for days after hearing them but on repeated listens some songs will start to wear thin due to the rank and file nature of the album.
Mike Wengren: Drums, percussion
Ten Thousand Fists on Wikipedia
Disturbed Believe Review
Category: Music Tags: Believe, Disturbed, Nu Metal, Review, Rock Leave a Comment
Album: Believe
Subgenres(s): Nu Metal
01. Prayer
02. Liberate
03. Awaken
04. Believe
05. Remember
06. Intoxication
07. Rise
09. Breathe
10. Bound
11. Devour
12. Darkness
Disturbed Believe Cover
Believe is the second album by nu metallers Disturbed. Following the massively successful release of The Sickness, you could have easily expected Disturbed to follow up in a similar fashion but that isn't the case because they have chosen to shed off many of their defining traits to start on a new path for Believe.
The confrontational singing style and angsty lyrics have been scrapped in favour of highlighting David Draiman's highly melodic singing abilities with his lyrics now taking a closer look at religion and spirituality, which is also depicted on the albums cover as a mix of the Christian crucifix, Islamic crescent, Jewish star of David and a Wiccan pentacle. The only song on Believe to feature any of his distinguishing barking noises is Intoxication so for anyone that is put off by that on The Sickness will find Believe much more welcoming.
The electronic elements have disappeared almost entirely with the tiny exceptions being the glitchy vocals at the start of Liberate and then the keyboards at the start of Remember and on the bridge of Mistress. Another rare moment is the final song, Darkness, which is an artfully crafted piano ballad that will catch most listener's off-guard. It also proves that the band is capable of expressing themselves in an entire different way when they want to. It also happens to be the only song to feature an acoustic guitar as well as cellist Alison Chesley.
Devour picks up a lot of momentum right at the end before coming to a sudden stop and it's hard not to think that this could have easily transitioned into a new verse or even something slightly progressive but instead of tip-toing around something new Disturbed strictly adheres to their radio friendly format. That isn't to say that there is anything inherently wrong with this, despite it almost feeling intentional at times, but it would have been interesting to hear the band tackle something more challenging.
Despite the sudden shift into a highly accessible and melodic style, Believe is still a nu metal album that focuses on straightforward guitar riffs and stays away from any form of flashy showmanship. In contrast to this, the rejection of angsty lyrics and aggression in general makes Believe one of nu metals most mature efforts by the simple virtue of escaping these common elements. Whether you consider Believe to be a streamlined or a stripped back effort will depend entirely on your perspective of the band and the subgenre.
Dan Donegan: Guitar, keyboards
Steve Kmak: Bass guitar
Alison Chesley: Cello
Believe on Wikipedia
Disturbed The Sickness 10th Anniversary Edition Review
Category: Music Tags: 10th Anniversary Edition, Disturbed, Review, The Sickness Leave a Comment
Album: The Sickness (10th Anniversary Edition)
Label(s): Giant Records, Reprise Records
01. Voices
02. The Game
03. Stupify
04. Down with the Sickness
05. Violence Fetish
06. Fear
07. Numb
08. Want
09. Conflict
10. Shout 2000 (Tears for Fears Cover)
11. Droppin' Plates
12. Meaning of Life
13. God of the Mind (Bonus Track)
14. A Welcome Burden (Bonus Track)
Disturbed The Sickness Cover
The Sickness is the debut studio album of American rock band Disturbed. Released at the height of the nu metal trend, it skyrocketed to success on the back of catchy yet simplistic guitar riffs that descended from the groove metal sound, which the band played under the name Brawl before singer David Draiman joined the band.
The lyrical themes of anger and violence as Brawl seeped over into the bands new incarnation as Disturbed and can clearly be seen just from the song titles. On the other hand, the musical abilities of each band member are played down severely when put next to the Brawl demos which had guitar solos, intense heavy metal drumming and much more audible bass.
So what did Disturbed gain from this seemingly one-sided trade off? The most obvious answer is David Draiman, a skilful singer with a knack for writing melodies that will always catch your ear whereas original singer Erich Awalt had a gruff voice that is reminiscent of Pantera's Phil Anselmo. Other than that, guitarist Dan Donegan and drummer Mike Wengren also contributed different programmed sound effects to many songs, most notably on Voices, The Game, Fear and Meaning of Life.
David Draiman goes on to provide some unorthodox vocal performances that range from barking noises on Voices, Violence Fetish and Conflict to a Hebrew chant on Stupify and a questionable depiction of domestic abuse that takes the form of a shouted monologue in which he portrays himself being beaten by his mother before taking his revenge on her in the bridge of Down with the Sickness ("why did you have to hit me like that, mommy/don't do it, you're hurting me/…/you stupid, sadistic, abusive fucking whore/how would you like to see how it feels mommy/here it comes, get ready to die").
There are 2 minor differences between the original release and the 10th anniversary edition. The first is the inclusion of the bonus tracks (although God of the Mind was included on the 2002 international reissue) and the second is that a few of the sound effects on selected songs have been altered. The significant difference is that the volume of the recording has been increased massively and it might result in ear fatigue because of this.
As Disturbed, the band forged their own sound within the popular nu metal scene which would deflect any comparisons to Pantera. The success that they capitalised on from their transformation led to them selling over 4 million copies of The Sickness which is probably due to the albums highly accessible sound while ignoring the tendency for nu metal bands to incorporate rapping and turntable scratches.
Dan Donegan: Guitars, electronics, programming
Mike Wengren: Drums, percussion, programming
Disturbed on Wikipedia | The Sickness on Wikipedia


IGN recently updated their official Youtube channel with a first full look trailer for Justice League vs. The Fatal Five. For those who are not aware, the film is an upcoming DC animated film that is set in the DCAU. The trailer features a look at the setting of the film.


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A married couple was found dead at their rented home in Niti Khand Indirapuram in Ghaziabad, police said on Tuesday. The deceased were identified as Kanchan Gupta, 35, and her husband Pravesh Kumar, 24, they added.
Pravesh, a native of Saraswati Vihar Loni, was depressed as his wife had lodged a sexual abuse report against him in December 2017, for which he had been imprisoned for nearly four months and later bailed out, said city Superintendent of Police Shlok Kumar. The case was still under trial in district courts.
Pravesh had a court date on Monday, however he did not attend it. As Pravesh did not go for the court date, his mother Shushila went to his flat in Niti Khand. No one responded to her repeated knocking and she sensed a foul smell emanating from the home, which prompted her to alert the police, officials said. Police broke the door of the flat and found the dead bodies of the couple. While Pravesh was hanging from the ceiling, Kanchan was lying on the bed with a foamy substance circling her mouth.
A suicide note was also recovered from the scene, in which Pravesh allegedly said he was taking this extreme step and nobody was responsible for it. Both bodies were sent for post-mortem yesterday. As per the autopsy report, Kanchan had died four days ago and she had either consumed poisonous substance or her husband had served it to her laced in drink or food, said the SP. Pravesh was Kanchan's second husband. She had a child of 13 years from her first marriage.
Couple of years ago, Pravesh and Kanchan used to work together in a mobile shop. During that period, the two were living together but not married. Kanchan had lodged a report of sexual assault against Pravesh to mount pressure on him for marriage, officials said. Even after their marriage, Pravesh was trial. "The deaths probably took place because Pravesh was depressed. Viscera of Kanchan has been preserved and sent for examination," the officer added.


Hailed as the world's smartest solar panel, the Smartflower solar panel promises plug-and-play, sun-following technology. The Sunflower is equipped with GPS technology, which allows it to orient its panels to the sun by unfolding its 'petals' at a 90-degree angle. The Sunflower will follow the sun on its path through the sky, and then fold itself up at night. The system will also fold up during bad weather, and each time it unfolds, the petal-panels also clean themselves, improving efficiency.


Mathematics and physics started with astronomy in Tübingen. Already in 1507, i.e. 30 years after the founding of the university, duke Ulrich summoned pastor Johannes Stöffler (1452-1531) to the artists faculty as a professor for "Mathesis". At this time mathematics and astronomy were closely linked in Tübingen. Stoeffler was primarily know through the issuance of its Astronomical Ephemeris, in which he had tabulated the course of planets to 20 years in advance.
He also constructed the Astronomical Clock (Foto: Herbert Schmitt) at the Tübingen town hall. He was followed by representatives of astronomy such as Michael Mästlin (1546-1601), the teacher of Johannes Kepler, and Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635), who developed a first computing machine for his astronomical calculations. Schickard had a professorship in Tübingen for Hebrew and Astronomy. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), under whose name the faculty organises an academic event every year, was only as a student in Tübingen. Disputes over theological doctrines prevented Kepler to be appointed to a professorship in Tübingen.
In 1863 the first Faculty of Science at a university in Germany was founded in Tübingen. This comprised in addition to the chairs of mathematics and physics those for geology, chemistry, botany and zoology. In the 19th Century it is worth mentioning, above all, Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918), who worked in the field of electromagnetic oscillations for 10 years, starting in 1885. He developed the cathode-ray oscilloscope - the Braun tube - the starting point for the development of television and computer monitors. His contributions to the development of antenna technology enabled powerful radio and TV stations.
In the first half of the 20th Century physics in Tübingen was characterized especially by the nuclear physics. The names of Friedrich Paschen (1865-1947), Ernst Back (1936-1948) and Walter Gerlach are associated with basic experiments on atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Hans Geiger (1882-1945) worked on the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics. With his name primarily the Geiger counter for detecting ionizing particles is associated.
In the summer of 1970 the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was dissolved into various departments. Amongst others the Faculty of Mathematics and the Physics Department - since 1979 Faculty of Physics - arose. In summer semester 1973, a large part of the institutes of these faculties could move into the new buildings at the Morgenstelle area.
As part of the structural reform of the university in the winter semester 2002/03, the Faculty of Mathematics and the Faculty of Physics were merged to a joint Faculty of Mathematics and Physics. In a further structural reform in the winter semester 2010/11 the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was founded and Physics is now a section of this faculty.


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Senior Executive Advisor
Before retiring and transitioning to a senior executive advisory role, Richard Wilhelm led Booz Allen's U.S. intelligence community market group. During his 16-year tenure at the firm, he developed and led businesses in the intelligence community, the Department of Homeland Security, and the civil agencies. He also led engagements in the commercial and international sectors.
Prior to joining Booz Allen in 1998, Richard was a career Navy intelligence officer and a civilian appointee. His nearly 30-year career included serving as executive director for intelligence community affairs during the Clinton Administration, and as a senior advisor on Vice President Al Gore's national security staff, responsible for intelligence, terrorism, and a range of other global national security issues. As a U.S. Navy officer, he co-directed the Joint Intelligence Center for Iraq during Operation Desert Storm and was the first director of information warfare at the National Security Agency.
In his role in the Joint Intelligence Center for Iraq, he supported the Secretary of Defense, chairman, joint chiefs of staff, and combat commanders in the Persian Gulf. He was instrumental in developing the target set for the air war that crippled Iraq's command and control infrastructure. As the Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs, Richard was the senior national intelligence official responsible for budget formulation, policy, planning, program assessment, and cross-community matters. He testified before Congress, sat on two defense science boards, and is a member of the Markle Task Force on National Security in the Information Age. He also serves on the advisory board for the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, and on the boards of two small companies.
Richard has a B.A. in Russian studies from Syracuse University and performed graduate work at Georgetown University. He is a distinguished graduate of the Naval War College and graduated with distinction from the Defense Language Institute's advanced Russian language course.
Behind the Curtain: A Look at Collaboration Across the Intelligence Community (audio) Federal News Radio
"CyberTrust"
Ready for What's Next: Mission Integration
Redefining the American Dream (Audio) 2009 Aspen Ideas Festival, Moderator
2004 RSA Conference, Information Sharing, Full Speech Text Available
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