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Dodgers' blistering start has them…
Dodgers' blistering start has them focused on next October opportunity
With 60 wins at the All-Star break and a 13½-game lead in the NL West, they are on track for another "World Series or bust" fall.
The Dodgers' Cody Bellinger, right, heads toward home plate where his teammates wait to greet him after he hit a walk-off home run in the bottom of the 10th inning to beat the Arizona Diamondbacks earlier this month at Dodger Stadium. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)
PUBLISHED: July 10, 2019 at 8:05 am | UPDATED: July 24, 2019 at 11:15 pm
LOS ANGELES — Only 83 days until the Dodgers start playing meaningful games again.
Oh sure, there are issues to be addressed in the bullpen – and there are already signs of improvement. There are injuries to be absorbed and avoided – and Corey Seager, A.J. Pollock and David Freese are all expected back on Friday.
But nothing really important is likely to happen until October.
"I don't think looking forward to anything is bad," said Dodgers left-hander Clayton Kershaw, one of the team's five All-Stars this week. "We all have our sights set on that, no doubt. But it can't take away from the day to day. It's almost like you have to think of it (the remaining 2½ months of the regular season) as a buildup to October. You're not just waiting and then you turn it on. It's honing your craft, getting better, getting better as a team and then trying to peak in October."
The Dodgers have done this to themselves. By reaching the World Series the past two years, they have made anything else unthinkable and anything but a World Series victory this time unacceptable. And by winning 60 games before this year's All-Star break and moving 13½ games out in front of the NL West, they have made it impossible to think about anything else.
"Nothing is important in the second half but stay healthy and win a championship," Dodgers closer Kenley Jansen said. "At this point, I feel like there's nothing individual to accomplish. There's no goals. The only goal left is a championship. That's all that matters."
It's all that mattered to the 2017 and 2018 Dodgers as well – at least that's what they said at the time. But this year's team has learned from those experiences. The bitter pill of a Game 7 loss to the Houston Astros and the stinging five-game dismissal from the Boston Red Sox last fall have hardened this year's team. The infusion of new faces in the clubhouse have kept the focus on the future and avoided a six-month simmer in regret.
"You just have a group of guys in here, where 25 guys are all on the same page, pulling on the same end of the rope, who know that everyone is going to go out every single night and play their butt off to help us win a ballgame," Dodgers third baseman Justin Turner said. "I think the last couple years, I'm not sure everyone was on the same page."
Jansen points to a similar element, calling the team-wide "commitment" the No. 1 reason he thinks this year's team can end October with a victory.
"The commitment that we have," Jansen said. "The clubhouse is different. You can sense how hungry everybody is. Listen, it's a (bitter attitude) over the last two World Series teams but also commitment to forget about it. We already put that behind our back. But that (bitter) feeling that we didn't finish it off? That motivation is pushing us through with a better clubhouse atmosphere."
Those comments accuse by their absence players such as Yasiel Puig, Matt Kemp, Manny Machado and Yasmani Grandal. Their departures have left in their wake a more professional clubhouse with a settled energy, less driven by agendas and resentments.
"It's a special group," Dodgers president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman said when asked why this year might be the year. "The camaraderie – and not just in that everyone gets along – there's a great dynamic where everyone is challenging one another. Every day in the clubhouse, the focus is on what they can do to win a game that night. People are sharing information and talking through it. I feel like the growth a lot of our offensive players have made has a chance to really benefit us if we get a chance to play in October."
Camaraderie is nice. But it doesn't win championships. The Dodgers lost to the Astros and Red Sox largely because their offense shrank in the spotlight, batting .213 in the two World Series with almost as many strikeouts (118) as hits and walks combined (131).
This year's lineup is less vulnerable to left-handed pitching. Max Muncy has a higher OPS against lefties than righties and no one in baseball has a higher OPS against left-handed pitching than Cody Bellinger – neither of them was even in the starting lineup against Red Sox left-handers Chris Sale and David Price in the first two games of last year's World Series.
And this year's hitters have shown greater discipline, a willingness to take walks (347, second in the majors), see more pitches (fourth in the majors) and chase fewer (a 28.6 percent chase rate, fourth in the majors). It's a combination that has made it difficult on opposing starters and produced multiple comeback wins against the likes of Josh Hader, Kirby Yates and Edwin Diaz.
Inside the Dodgers: Team can find vindication, but no satisfaction, in Astros discipline
"Yeah, 100 percent," Turner said when asked if this year's offensive approach makes him more confident about October success. "When you get to the postseason you're facing the best pitching in the league. That's why those teams are in the postseason. It takes 1 through 8, 1 through 9 quality at-bats, grinding guys, making them work hard and hopefully getting those starters out of the game early and try to take advantage of the bullpen. That's what it takes to be successful in the postseason.
"I think it was hit and miss (in the past). I don't think it was every single guy every single day. And even this year there's been spans when it gets away from some guys, myself included. But I feel like as a whole, day to day, our at-bats have been spectacular, day in day out."
The ultimate pragmatist, Kershaw is not willing to proclaim this year's team special – until it accomplishes special things.
"I don't know. It feels the same," he said. "Everybody says this team is like 2017. Well, we went to the World Series in 2018 too so it's not like we were bad last year."
No, but last year's team took a much different road to October, digging a hole for itself that required 163 games to escape then needing to win Game 7 of the NLCS in a hostile environment.
"Yeah," Kershaw said. "I don't care about the road. I just want to get there."


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/ Associate Professional Technical Occupations
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Understanding how your annual salary is calculated and how it compares to the average salary in the UK is essential if you wish to ensure you are paid the right amount for the work you do. This page contains the average salaries for Associate professional & technical in the United Kingdom in .
The list below details the average salary in 2018 all occupations listed in the Associate professional & technical occupation category as defined by the UK Office of National Statistics. Click on the occupation to see a salary example for that occupation for the 2018 tax year.
Associate professional & technical occupations
Laboratory technicians earned an average of £20,336.00
Engineering technicians earned an average of £35,295.00
Quality assurance technicians earned an average of £26,077.00
Planning, process production technicians earned an average of £29,420.00
Science, engineering production technicians n.e.c. earned an average of £27,313.00
Architectural town planning technicians earned an average of £30,601.00
Draughtspersons earned an average of £29,460.00
IT operations technicians earned an average of £30,029.00
IT user support technicians earned an average of £30,250.00
Paramedics earned an average of £37,880.00
Pharmaceutical technicians earned an average of £22,762.00
Medical dental technicians earned an average of £26,180.00
Health associate professionals n.e.c. earned an average of £24,030.00
Youth community workers earned an average of £25,383.00
Child early years officers earned an average of £23,122.00
Housing officers earned an average of £26,568.00
Counsellors earned an average of £23,754.00
Welfare housing associate professionals n.e.c. earned an average of £24,012.00
Police officers (sergeant below) earned an average of £41,522.00
Fire service officers (watch manager below) earned an average of £34,516.00
Prison service officers (below principal officer) earned an average of £28,568.00
Police community support officers earned an average of £27,127.00
Protective service associate professionals n.e.c. earned an average of £33,253.00
Artists earned an average of £28,785.00
Authors, writers translators earned an average of £31,153.00
Arts officers, producers directors earned an average of £37,830.00
Photographers, audio-visual broadcasting equipment operators earned an average of £27,649.00
Graphic designers earned an average of £26,490.00
Product, clothing related designers earned an average of £29,788.00
Sports coaches, instructors officials earned an average of £24,005.00
Fitness instructors earned an average of £19,115.00
Legal associate professionals earned an average of £29,308.00
Estimators, valuers assessors earned an average of £30,239.00
Insurance underwriters earned an average of £32,908.00
Finance investment analysts advisers earned an average of £36,809.00
Taxation experts earned an average of £44,818.00
Importers exporters earned an average of £25,747.00
Financial accounting technicians earned an average of £43,766.00
Financial accounts managers earned an average of £38,628.00
Business related associate professionals n.e.c. earned an average of £28,425.00
Buyers procurement officers earned an average of £30,320.00
Business sales executives earned an average of £33,229.00
Marketing associate professionals earned an average of £28,143.00
Sales accounts business development managers earned an average of £46,000.00
Conference exhibition managers organisers earned an average of £26,588.00
Conservation environmental associate professionals earned an average of £22,558.00
Public services associate professionals earned an average of £34,544.00
Human resources industrial relations officers earned an average of £29,955.00
Vocational industrial trainers instructors earned an average of £29,057.00
Careers advisers vocational guidance specialists earned an average of £27,489.00
Inspectors of standards regulations earned an average of £30,770.00
Health safety officers earned an average of £35,078.00
If you are interested to see how the average earnings for Associate Professional & Technical have changed, you can compare the 2019 average earnings to 2018.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Geoökologie (,  und ) ist eine Teildisziplin der Umweltwissenschaft und der Geowissenschaften. Der Begriff Geoökologie wird von diesen beiden Disziplinen mit deutlich unterschiedlicher Schwerpunktsetzung verwendet. Im Zentrum der Geoökologie steht die Betrachtung natürlicher Umweltsysteme und ihre Beeinflussung durch den Menschen.

Geoökologie kann an sechs Universitäten in Deutschland als eigenständiger Studiengang studiert werden.

Geoökologie in den Umweltnaturwissenschaften

Definition und Selbstverständnis
Nach der vom Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland (VGöD) geprägten Definition ist

Geoökologie stellt die Ökologie in einen raumbezogenen Kontext auf unterschiedlichen Maßstabsebenen, die von wenigen Quadrat- oder Kubikzentimetern (im Gegensatz zur Geographie, wo eine Mindestausdehnung an Fläche oder Raum vorhanden ist und beispielsweise die Chemie eines Wassertropfens oder der Stoffhaushalt eines Baumes nicht Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind) über mehrere Kilometer bis hin zu globalen Fragestellungen reichen. In Umweltsystemen laufen physikalische, chemische und biologische Prozesse gleichzeitig und verzahnt ab. Außerdem sind alle diese Prozesse räumlich und zeitlich sehr heterogen.

Die Geoökologie basiert auf dem Verständnis dieser verschiedenen Prozesse, um letztendlich die komplexen realen Umweltsysteme analysieren und in ihren vielfältigen Verknüpfungen verstehen zu können. Sie betreibt sowohl Grundlagenforschung als auch die Anwendung gewonnener Erkenntnisse auf verschiedene Umweltprobleme. Dabei bedient sie sich des Methodenschatzes vieler Disziplinen bei der Arbeit im Gelände und im Labor bis hin zum Erstellen komplexer Simulationsmodelle am Computer.

Die Geoökologie umfasst nach diesem Verständnis sowohl geowissenschaftliche Fächer wie etwa die Bodenwissenschaften oder die Hydrologie als auch biologisch-ökologische Fachrichtungen. Disziplinen wie die Umweltchemie sowie die Geo- und Umweltinformatik oder die Fernerkundung sind ebenfalls Bestandteile einer so aufgefassten Geoökologie.

Studiengang
Der Studiengang (Diplom) existiert seit 1978 (zuerst in Bayreuth) und verzeichnete bis 2004 etwa 1700 Absolventen. Geoökologie kann in Deutschland inzwischen an sechs Universitäten als eigenständiger Studiengang studiert werden: In Bayreuth, Braunschweig, Potsdam, Tübingen, Freiberg und Karlsruhe.

Wesentliche Inhalte des Bachelor-Studiums unterliegen den Mindestanforderungen, welche die Hochschulkonferenz Geoökologie zur Harmonisierung des Ausbildungsprofils festgelegt hat. Solche Mindestanforderungen lagen auch schon dem Grundstudium in den Diplom-Studiengängen zu Grunde.
Die berufsbezogene Spezialisierung im Bachelor und die Inhalte der konsekutiven Masterstudiengänge unterscheiden sich je nach Profil des Studienstandorts. Ein problemloser Wechsel des Studienortes nach dem Bachelor wird jedoch durch die Vorgaben der Hochschulkonferenz sichergestellt.

Stellung innerhalb der Umwelt- und Geowissenschaften
Als Umweltnaturwissenschaften verstanden besitzt die Geoökologie natürlich eine sehr große Breite und vereinigt viele Disziplinen. Dabei beschäftigt sich die Geoökologie mit physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Prozessen immer unter dem Aspekt ihrer Bedeutung für das Funktionieren von Ökosystemen.

Vorwiegend wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftliche sowie ausschließlich technische und juristische Aspekte der Umweltwissenschaften sind nicht Gegenstand der Geoökologie. Die naturwissenschaftlichen Anforderungen an technische und gesellschaftliche Lösungen für Umweltprobleme gehören jedoch sehr wohl zu ihrem Aufgabenbereich.

Ein ähnliches Verhältnis hat die Geoökologie zu ihren Nachbardisziplinen in den Geowissenschaften: Sie überschneidet sich mit anderen Fächern dort, wo diese Umweltaspekte behandeln. Dies ist zum Beispiel in der Einzugsgebietshydrologie, der Umweltgeologie/Umweltgeochemie oder der Erkundung des oberflächennahen Untergrunds mit geophysikalischen Methoden der Fall. Die Geoökologie beschäftigt sich beispielsweise jedoch nicht mit rein technischen Aspekten des Wasserbaus, der Exploration von Rohstofflagerstätten (Geologie) oder der Erdbebenforschung (Geophysik).

Institutionen

Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland e. V.
Der Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland e. V. (VGöD) ist ein gemeinnütziger Verein mit Sitz in Bayreuth. Seine Aufgaben sieht er insbesondere in der Förderung der Geoökologie als moderne Umweltwissenschaft und der Qualitätssicherung in der Ausbildung sowie der Servicearbeit für Studierende und Berufstätige. Der VGöD wurde 1986 gegründet – damals als "Verein der Geoökologen (VdG)". Mittlerweile zählt er über 500 Mitglieder, etwa je zur Hälfte Berufstätige und Studierende.

Hochschulkonferenz Geoökologie
In der Hochschulkonferenz Geoökologie (HSK) haben sich seit 1997 alle deutschen Universitäten zusammengeschlossen, die den Studiengang Geoökologie anbieten. Auch der Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland e. V. (VGöD) sowie Vertreter der Berufspraxis gehören ihr an. Die Hochschulkonferenz Geoökologie sieht ihre Aufgaben insbesondere in der Sicherung von Qualitätsstandards in der Ausbildung sowie aktuell in der Begleitung der Studienstandorte bei der Umstellung auf die neuen gestuften Bachelor/Master-Studiengänge.

Bundesfachschaftentagung Geoökologie
Die Bundesfachschaftentagung (BuFaTa) Geoökologie ist die bundesweite Studierendenvertretung des Faches. Alle sechs Studienstandorte sind in ihr vertreten. Die BuFaTa Geoökologie tagt in der Regel ein Mal pro Jahr im Mai oder Juni. Sie entsendet keine Delegierte auf die Hochschulkonferenz, da die Fachschaften bereits studentische Vertreter der Standorte benennen.

Geoökologie in der Physischen Geographie
In der Physischen Geographie gibt es mehrere Richtungen, die Geoökologie entweder mit einer geographisch verstandenen Landschaftsökologie gleichsetzen oder einen Teilbereich der Landschaftsökologie als Geoökologie bezeichnen. Manchmal wird sogar die gesamte Physische Geographie als Geoökologie bezeichnet. Folgende Schulen treten dabei besonders hervor:

Geoökologie = Landschaftsökologie
In der DDR wurde Geoökologie oft mit Landschaftsökologie gleichgesetzt und im Sinne einer angewandten räumlichen Standortkunde aufgefasst. An der Akademie der Wissenschaften gab es ab 1985 ein Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie.

Inhaltlich mit dieser Interpretation verknüpft ist das Verständnis von Geoökologie als Wissenschaft von der Landschaftsökologischen Raumgliederung, wie es etwa der Arbeitskreis Geoökologische Raumgliederung der Deutschen Akademie für Landeskunde vertritt.

Geoökologie vs. Bioökologie
Einige Physische Geographen sehen in der Geoökologie die Wissenschaft vom unbelebten Teil des Landschaftshaushaltes, also den physikalisch-chemischen Prozessen in Landschaften. Die Bioökologie beschäftigt sich ihnen zufolge mit den biotischen Prozessen, während die Landschaftsökologie diese beiden Sichtweisen integriert.
Manchmal wird diese Sichtweise noch stärker eingegrenzt, indem der Geomorphologie und Quartärforschung der zentrale Platz in der abiotischen Seite der Landschaftsökologie/Geoökologie zugewiesen wird.

Die Schwäche dieser Definition wird vielfach in der praktischen Untrennbarkeit biotischer und abiotischer Prozesse auf der Landschaftsebene gesehen. Auch hat sich der Komplementärbegriff "Bioökologie" weder in Deutschland noch international durchgesetzt. Allerdings hat diese Definition teilweise schon den Weg in Geographie-Schulbücher gefunden.

Begriffsgeschichte
Der Begriff "geoecology" wurde zum ersten Mal vom Geographen Carl Troll 1966 als englische Übersetzung der von ihm begründeten Landschaftsökologie verwendet. Im angelsächsischen Sprachraum konnte sich der Begriff jedoch nicht gegen die wörtliche Übersetzung "landscape ecology" durchsetzen.

Der eigenständige Studiengang Geoökologie und die Auffassung von Geoökologie als Umweltnaturwissenschaften wurden 1978 in Bayreuth begründet, maßgeblich auf Initiative des Hydrologen Reimer Herrmann. Der Studiengang entstand als eine Abspaltung der Geographie, so dass in Bayreuth die Physische Geographie zusätzlich auf das Lehrangebot der Geoökologie zurückgreifen kann und umgekehrt. Als eigenständigen Studiengang gibt es die Geoökologe vorwiegend in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Im englischsprachigen Raum existiert die Bezeichnung "environmental studies".

Geoökologie in anderen Ländern

Schweiz
An der ETH Zürich heißt ein der deutschen Geoökologie vergleichbarer Studiengang Umweltnaturwissenschaften.

Österreich
Das Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien bietet seit 2010 ein Studium der Geoökologie als Schwerpunktzweig im Masterstudium an. Am Institut für Geographie und Raumforschung der Universität Graz wird das Studium der Umweltsystemwissenschaften angeboten. Dieses unterscheidet sich in folgender Hinsicht vom Studium der Geoökologie: Umweltsystemwissenschaftler wählen einen Schwerpunkt (Chemie, Physik, Geographie, BWL oder VWL), die im Bachelorstudium 105 der 180 Credit Points ausmachen. Es handelt sich also um eine interdisziplinäre Ergänzung eines Fachstudiums einer, mit Ausnahme der Geographie, nicht geowissenschaftlichen, z. T. auch nicht naturwissenschaftlichen Fachrichtung. Das Studium der Geoökologie zum Beispiel an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg ist hingegen ein im Kern geowissenschaftliches und klar naturwissenschaftlich ausgerichtetes Studium mit einem gemeinsamen Pflichtbereich von 165 der 180 Credit Points.

Englischer Sprachraum
Im englischen Sprachraum wird  recht selten und uneinheitlich verwendet. Treffer in Suchmaschinen oder Nennungen des Begriffs in wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften verweisen meist auf deutsche Geoökologen bzw. Geoökologische Institute in Deutschland.

Das im Englischen übliche  wird zwar oft im geowissenschaftlichen Sinne verwendet und der Begriff Science verweist ja bereits auf die naturwissenschaftliche Methode. Environmental Sciences wird jedoch insgesamt gesehen genauso breit verwendet wie deutsch Umweltwissenschaften. Deswegen empfiehlt der Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland den Begriff Geoecology zu verwenden, obwohl er unüblich ist: Er grenze Environmental Sciences sinnvoll ein und sei für jemanden, der nicht mit der deutschen Debatte um den Begriff vertraut ist, selbsterklärend.

Japan
In Japan dagegen scheint sich geoecology statt landscape ecology für Landschaftsökologie durchgesetzt zu haben. Auch in Dänemark und Schweden wird zumindest gelegentlich der Begriff geo-ecology in diesem Sinne oder im Sinne vom Umweltnaturwissenschaften verwendet.

Niederlande
Das Inter-universitair Centrum voor Geo-ecologisch onderzoek/ Centre for Geo-ecological research in den Niederlanden koordiniert Forschung und Lehre mehrerer Universitäten zum Thema Landschaftsentwicklung und Georisiken. Zum Teil wird Geo-ecologie in den Niederlanden auch im Sinne von Globaler Ökologie gebraucht.

Mittel- und Osteuropa sowie ehemalige Sowjetunion
In einigen Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas sowie in der ehemaligen Sowjetunion wird Geoökologie im Sinne von Physischer Geographie oder geographisch orientierter Landschaftsökologie gebraucht. In Russland löst er seit den 1970er Jahren den von Sukatchef 1944 eingeführten Begriff der Biogeozönologie ab.
In diesem Sinne gibt es Institute für Geoökologie an der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und mehreren Universitäten.
Außerhalb Russlands gibt es so ausgerichtete Institute für Geoökologie unter anderem in Polen, Tschechien, der Slowakei und Rumänien sowie der Mongolei.

Literatur

Zur Definition
 E. Brunotte, H. Gebhardt, M. Meurer et al. (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Geographie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2001–2002.
 T. Buttschardt: Wofür steht Geoökologie? In: FORUM der Geoökologie 12 (1), 2001, S. 38–41. (Ergänzende Erläuterungen zur Definition aus dem Lexikon der Geographie sowie Zusammenfassung der Begriffsgeschichte. Mit ausgewogener Liste weiterführender Literatur.)
 O. Blumenstein, H. Schachtzabel, H. Barsch, H.-R. Bork, U. Küppers: Grundlagen und Konzepte der Geoökologie. Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin 2000.(Zur Theoriebildung der Geoökologie in den Umweltnaturwissenschaften.)
 H. Leser: Landschaftsökologie und Geoökologie. Ansätze Probleme, Perspektiven. In: M. Meurer, T. Buttschardt (Hrsg.): Geoökologie in Lehre, Forschung, Anwendung. Karlsruher Schriften zur Geographie und Geoökologie, Bd. 7, 1997, 1–12 (Zur Geoökologie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Physischer Geographie und Umweltnaturwissenschaften – aus der Sicht eines Geographen.)

Zum Studium
 O. Stüdemann: Aspekte der Geoökologie, Weissensee-Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89998-127-8
 T. Buttschardt: Blätter zur Berufskunde: Diplom-Geoökologe / Diplom-Geoökologin (Dipl.-Geoökol.). Bundesanstalt für Arbeit (Hrsg.), W. Bertelsmann, Bielefeld 1999.(Offizielle Informationen der BA zum Studium, allerdings nur zum auslaufenden Diplom.)

Weblinks

Geoökologie in Deutschland
 Verband für Geoökologie in Deutschland e. V. (VGöD)
 Geoökologie an der Universität
 Bayreuth
 Studentische Fachgruppe Geo
 Braunschweig
 Freiberg
 Karlsruhe
 Potsdam
 Fachschaftsseite Geoökologie Potsdam (für Studieninteressierte)
 Tübingen
 Hochschulkonferenz Geoökologie

Geoökologie in anderen Ländern
 Österreich: Geoökologie am Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung in Wien
 Schweiz: Department Umweltwissenschaften der ETHZ
 USA: Central Washington University
 Niederlande: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics: Research Group of Computational Geo-Ecology

Einzelnachweise

Geowissenschaft
Ökologische Disziplin
Studienfach
Umweltschutz
Wissenschaftliches Fachgebiet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Football head coach David Archer '05 pens a letter to his alma mater ahead of the upcoming season.
David Archer '05 is entering his fifth year as the head coach of the Cornell football team. He penned the below letter to the Cornell community ahead of the team's 2017 season.
I'd like to take a moment to welcome the student body to campus, particularly the Class of 2021. In just a few short weeks, you've become an integral part of Cornell's family. Welcome!
I understand the close bonds of Cornellians and what makes us that way — nearly half of my life has been spent on East Hill. I've climbed the hills on the way to class and survived the winters. I've also passed my swim test, eaten at Louie's Lunch and have my wedding planned for Sage Chapel next summer. There is no place like Cornell, of that I'm sure. Its uniqueness is one of its most endearing qualities.
As I begin my 17th year as part of the Big Red football family — as a student-athlete, team captain, proud alum, assistant coach and finally as the Roger J. Weiss '61 Head Coach — I'm honored to represent a University that cares so deeply about its educational mission. I believe strongly that football not only fits into that mission, but is instrumental in achieving many of Cornell's institutional goals. As a founding member of the Ivy League, I'm also proud that we are at the forefront of player safety issues, both on and off the field.
Football brings out some of the best attributes in young people. For players, it fosters teamwork, work ethic, fitness, mental and physical toughness and discipline, among many others. For fans, family and alumni, it builds school spirit and enhances the pride we already feel while strengthening our sense of community. Football is a game that celebrates diversity and doesn't care what religion you practice, what ethnicity or color you are or what your sexual orientation is.
In many ways, football is the Cornell of team sports.
This proud University has a long and storied history on the gridiron, but it hasn't always been a winning one. Our players are eager to change that, and they will. Progress isn't always linear, but the program has been on an upward trajectory thanks to those student-athletes who have proudly worn the school colors and the active and engaged alumni base who support them.
Last year, we doubled our win total from the previous two seasons combined. The team is already among the very best in the country in the classroom and in terms of community service and activism. We want to continue that reputation off the field while building a consistent winning tradition on it. I hope you'll join us on that journey.
Big Red football will open its 130th varsity season this weekend and makes its home debut in two weekends. I hope you'll join us for our five home games, as generations of your Cornell family have, in the shadow of the Schoellkopf Crescent.
You have questions, we (think) we have answers.


An experimental organic farmers' market set up by a 'culinary activist' is breaking down religious and cultural barriers in the Middle East. The end goal? To make food, not war.
Souk el Tayeb's story begins in 2004 at Beirut's original open-air market. The very first of its kind in Lebanon, it did what farmers' markets do – highlighted rural produce in the urban environment. Aptly-named (as 'tayeb' means 'good', 'tasty' and 'good hearted' in Arabic), 'the good market' has evolved into a forum and movement to share food, traditions and hospitality – bringing together fractured communities.
Following the train of thought that food is a way for people to express themselves and break down cultural barriers, five years after starting the souk, founder Kamal Mouzawak set up Tawlet farmers' kitchen. Every day the producers' open kitchen introduces cooks who tell stories of their Lebanese regions through food. Today Tawlet has become an outlet for female cooks who have completed the Capacity Building Program, which pairs food and women and builds on culinary traditions and heritage.
To date, more than 300 women refugees from Palestine, Syria and marginalised and rural Lebanese communities have signed up to the Capacity Building Program since 2012. "We equip them with technical, financial and personal skills to start their own enterprises, gain employment, develop agricultural endeavours, and work at Souk el Tayeb establishments – such as the farmers' market, Tawlet kitchens, and festivals and events. That's why 'Make Food Not War' is a highly relevant message in Lebanon," he adds.
The son of farmers and producers, agriculture and food is in Kamal's DNA, so following a career as a food and travel writer, and a TV chef, setting up Lebanon's first farmers' market 14 years ago was a natural step.
"Then we set up the farmers' kitchen so that women from different regions of Lebanon could cook authentic dishes from their villages every day. It introduces people to new traditions expressed through food." There is no excuse not to give yourself a taster: an up-to-date calendar schedules in who and what's cooking for the week ahead.
Take Georgina Al Bayeh. Born in north Lebanon into an olive-producing family, she branched into cooking. Foodies can find dishes such as war'a inab atee (stuffed vine leaves) and mafrouket al burghul (pressed bulgur wheat) at her stand at her regional Tawlet: her small catering company is now her full-time occupation.
Since 2004, Souk El Tayeb's network has mushroomed considerably. There are now two Beirut souks, the multi-location Tawlet, Food and Feast gastro festivals taking place around the country and guesthouses known as beit located in four villages around the country under its belt. All these entreprises within the network provide immediate solutions for graduates of its Capacity Building Program. Once someone creates a catering startup, they have an array of outlets to sell products or dishes at existing facilities and events; that means Souk El Tayeb's objectives come full circle.
Over the years, Souk el Tayeb has partnered with the International Labour Organization, the UN Refugee Agency, the International Rescue Committee, Caritas, Ruwwad al Tanmeya in Tripoli and the Women's Program Association among others. But its work and its partnerships are far from over.
Sorrel Moseley-Williams is a freelance journalist and sommelier based in Argentina, found on the pages of Monocle, La Nación, Decanter, The Guardian, The Independent and Condé Nast Traveller among others.
This project has been selected as part of CultureFutures, a new storytelling project that maps creative and cultural projects with a social mission – and the artists, collectives and entrepreneurs behind them.
Atlas of the Future is excited to join forces with Goldsmiths Institute of Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship and the British Council Creative Economy.
Tags: Awareness raising, Communication, Community, Culture, CultureFutures, Education, Empowerment, Ethnicity, Food, Identity, Mentoring, Training, Women.


Megan Haupt is leading a seminar on Healthy Food Relationships this coming Saturday, January 27th at the Tulpehocken Exchange from 2-3:30 pm.
I first met Megan years ago, through our mutual involvement with a variety of community and arts events. The one that stands out in my mind is Swap O Rama Rama, which, as I understand it, Megan facilitated. This was a huge event with easily a thousand people in attendance. It was a clothes swap with workshops, dedicated to reducing textile waste by keeping clothes out of the landfills and waste stream. This was an expertly run event. Handmade Philly was one of the many organizations present, hosting workshops.
Years later, I attended a class hosted by the Permaculture Society, at Wyck House in Germantown. Megan was the instructor, leading an engaging dialogue on miso, complete with history, nutrition, preparation and cooking demos. Again, the information I gathered that day resonated, and I incorporated miso into my life at a much deeper level than before the class.
When we opened the doors to Tulpehocken Exchange, I reached out to Megan and of course, asked her to get involved. These days her focus has been on food education, which leads us to Saturday, when Megan will be leading a seminar on Healthy Food Relationships. We do hope you'll join us!
Below is an interview I recently conducted with Megan.
Bio: Megan has been a food educator for over 12 years, teaching adults and children in community-based settings. She believes that food education must meet people where they are in order to be effective, and that educating the entire family is essential to help kids become food-smart. Her areas of interest include: food history, food science, and food culture.
In addition to her education experience, Megan has launched several small businesses and has professional backgrounds in higher education, business (non- and for-profit), and the performing arts.
Megan is an active member of PA Nutrition Education Network.
Upcoming projects: More picky eating research, designing a summer camp for Reading Terminal Market.
Describe your work. Forward facing with TONS of research.
What themes and concepts does your work generally revolve around? I am fascinated with food history, food science, food culture, and food futurism and how all of them are currently intersecting.
What are you currently working on? How to get people to pull back the curtains when it comes to diet and food. Most people are afraid to look and I am trying to find ways to make it less scary.
What's been happening in your life? A LOT of shifting. Delving into these topics of food relationship and personal accountability has been uncomfortable for me as well.
What's next for you? How do we get people to engage around the topic of food relationships. How do we demystify and how do we bring it to a digital environment.
Describe your current state of mind. Constantly running.
What's inspiring you? Really exciting changes in storytelling as a whole. Old narratives need to GO!
Is any of your work political? Oh yes, but mostly on an individual level. Food is deeply personal, larger changes can only occur when there is widespread individual change.
What are you trying to communicate with your art? Food is WAY more than just nutrients. Food parallels life. If you are not engaged with your food, you are not engaged with your life.
What is one of the biggest challenges you face? Time and how to balance work and life.
Has the meaning of your work changed over time? Most definitely. I am almost full circle with my understanding of food and life. I see that I will most likely be closer once I go through menopause.
What is your dream project? So many. Maybe a food ed conference for educators around the topic of food relationships.
Do you collaborate with other people? All the time. A good collaboration is exhilarating. A bad one is crushing.
What are a few of your favorite spots in your area? Wissahickon, Norristown Farm Park, Erdenheim Farm, The Farm Cooking School, Good Spoon Soupery, Hungry Pigeon, Kensington Quarters.
People in your field whom you most admire: Edna Lewis (the Grandmother of farm-to-table), Heather Thomasan (founder of Eat Retreat, Primal Supply Meats, lady butcher), Marion Woodman.
What are you reading? "The Edible Woman" by Margaret Atwood.
Favorite comic strips/ comic books/ graphic novels? Krazy Kat, anything by Chris Ware.
What was the last show you attended? Sleep at Union Transfer; it's been a while.
What was the last exhibit you attended? PHL Assembled at PMA Perelman bldg.
Join us for Megan's seminar on Healthy Food Relationships this coming Saturday, January 27th at the Tulpehocken Exchange from 2-3:30 pm. 47 East High Street, Right Entrance.
$15/ per person, sliding scale (pay what you can). Suggested for Ages 15+.
Bio: I am the artist and crafter behind HUGs, Heidi's Unique Gifts. I don't limit myself to just one medium, but like to explore any that may strike my fancy. I started in photography during college where I took a basic photography class. After a few years I decided to expand my photography knowledge and went to Antonelli Institute. Since Antonelli I have continued to learn new mediums and taken numerous classes to further my knowledge in arts and crafts. Sewing has become my passion and recently I have been creating unique handbags. My passion is fueled by the happiness and satisfaction I experience when I create something from nothing. When I am not creating I enjoy spending time with my husband, furry friends, and a good book.
What are you currently working on? Currently I am working on t-shirt blankets. I am making one for myself and one for a friend. I'm also collecting Doberman t-shirts to make one to donate to the Delaware Valley Doberman Pinscher Assistance.
What's your background / how did you first get involved with art/ making/ sewing?
Growing up, my mother was always making our clothes; she even made her wedding dress and her bridesmaids dresses. So I was always around a sewing machine but it still made me nervous; I could never get the bobbin right. So when I finally bought my own sewing machine it sat in a box for months until one day about 5 years ago I finally decided to conquer my fear. I practiced on some one else's patterns and learned some things and then I just started my own designs.
As for my photography, I took a class in college and then after a few years I decided to go to school for it! I love taking photos, especially store windows and shoes. Currently I use my camera phone a lot since it is always with me and I have some lenses that I play with.
As for all the other crafts I work with, it's basically, if I see something or think of something, I try to make it.
What's been happening in your life/ what's next for you? At the beginning of 2012 I was diagnosed with breast cancer. I do not have a history of it and I am under the age of 40 so it was a very big surprise. This past year has been a lot of ups and downs but my craft room was my sanctuary and my sewing machine was my best friend. I do not usually like opening up to people so being able to channel my issues into design and creation has been a wonderful thing. I finally launched my Etsy shop, which was a major step in the middle of all my surgeries. I was able to create enough of an inventory, I was even able to attend two craft fairs at the end of the year. This year I plan to concentrate on designing new bags and get involved with more craft fairs.
Describe your current state of mind / what's inspiring you? Life in general inspires me. It has been a hard year and now it is time to move on and if I push myself a little bit more, I will be able to create some fantastic new creations.
Biggest challenge when it comes to making/ sewing. My biggest challenge has been learning enough to do what I do. I have self taught myself everything I know about designing bags and each little new idea I learn helps to make the next bag to be better.
Are you involved with any organizations/ is there a group you feel affinity with/ do you collaborate with other artists/ makers? I donate 5% of my sales of any item with hearts on or in them to Young Survival Coalition, a charity for younger women who get breast cancer. I also am currently collecting Doberman T-shits for a blanket I am going to make and then donate to help the Delaware Valley Doberman Pinscher Assistance. My husband and I have helped them with transporting dogs and also fostering 3 dogs so far. We are looking forward to fostering more now that my health issues have been resolved.
What were you like as a kid? As a kid I was quite shy and really kept to myself. I was always trying creative things but had never really found anything I liked. I really enjoyed reading and I always thought I would be an author. I still have fantasies of creating a photography/essay book.
What are you listening to these days? My favorite band is Blue October and favorite artist is Lana del Ray. Other than that is could be anything from broadway to electronica.
Favorite artists/makers and why? Fashion designer Christian Lacroix because I love fashion and I love crazy colors! He was one of the premier designers when I was in high school and he designed a wedding dress with a bodice of black velvet. That dress was probably the first one I ever saw and it has always stayed with me.
What was the first piece of artwork you bought/ do you buy a lot of artwork? The first piece of artwork I ever bought is a print of a scene from Snow White, my favorite fairy tale. I do buy art, my favorite is to go to art or craft shows and find pieces that speak to me. It's much more personal and you usually get to meet the artist.
What's your idea of happiness? Happiness is being able to enjoy life, my animals and my family. Everyday without a health issue is a happy day!
What is your ideal job? My ideal job would be a successful designer.
What are you reading? Currently I'm reading a lot of historical fiction.
Favorite authors, fiction: Anne Rice, Charlaine Harris, Margaret George, Joe Meno and many others.
Crafty Balboa hosts a craft show in December at Broad Street Ministries, 315 Broad Street, in Center City. This building is a very attractive church that used to be home to the Chambers-Wylie Presbyterian Church. This past December was a cool and crisp early winter day, and the interior was packed with crafters and shoppers.
The vaulted ceiling of the chapel was lovely and was hung with handmade decorations. There were approximately 40 booths and shoppers were shoulder to shoulder. Every type of craft was available — candles, scarves, ornaments, toys, cards, jewelry, t-shirts, placemats, upcycled, vintage, etc. The main quality that all had in common was that these are not things you could find in a typical department store. This is a great forum for buying that special, one-of-a-kind gift. Items were selling at the low to mid range in prices.
One of the sellers here was Angela Davidson of Philadelphia. She was surrounded by a zoo of her colorful crocheted creatures. I personally noted squid, fish, cats, ponies, elephants, goats, and unicorns.
Angela uses her knack for color and whimsy and combines this with her skill of crochet to make these great items for gifts for the young and young at heart. Applications for the holiday show are due in mid October. Last year's show was one week before Christmas and it drew a lot of shoppers. I'm sure the mild weather helped. Most booths appeared to be busy with shoppers. My unofficial survey of sellers was positive, although not overwhelmingly so.
Cardinal O'Hara High School is located in Springfield, PA, on Sproul Road. They have a craft show each Spring and Fall. I recently attended their November show. There was plenty of open and free parking when I arrived. The craft show itself is in the school cafeteria. One must descend quite a few stairs to enter the show, which is something to keep in mind if you plan to transport and set up your craft display booth. The show runs for the weekend on both Saturday and Sunday.
One of the crafters there was Handmade Philly's own Pidge Molyneaux of MWM Designs in Drexel Hill. She displayed some lovely artisan jewelry. Her work is stylish and current, using crystals and semi-precious stones. One of the pieces that caught my eye was a very elegant yet lifelike autumn leaf pendant. The fiery red was beautifully offset by cylindrical turquoise beads. Pidge explained to me that it was a real leaf painted and sealed with precious metals. What a great way to wear the beauty of nature! Another lovely piece was a ceramic pendant depicting a tree, which was strung with silver and leather. I imagined wearing it with a cowl sweater on a chilly winter's night. Clicking on the photo will bring you better detail. The show itself appeared well-attended, and many shoppers carried bags of goodies they had purchased. The majority of the items for sale were at the lower price points, and very few items went over the $50 mark. Most items were handmade crafts, there were some vintage items, and a few things that looked to be imports. I saw home decor, paper crafts, needlecraft, photography, wood work, ornaments, soaps, baked goods, chocolates, and novelty decorations. Many of the home items would be fitting for an American country casual style. One of the exhibitors told me that her success was mainly "hit or miss". I did see more activity in the booths that either had food or the lower priced practical housewares.
All in all, it was a nice way to spend a nice fall afternoon, and because of the high traffic, it is a show that might interest a prospective exhibitor.
I'm interrupting my regularly scheduled gift guide to bring you important news – a fellow Handmade Philly member has her work currently on display at a nearby gallery and you need to check it out!
Last weekend I had the wonderful opportunity to see the new work of Abby Sernoff. Abby's been a Handmade Philly member for years now and though she may not always be heavily involved in discussions, she's been working hard creating lovely works of art.
From now until May 29th, you can see Abby's extraordinary collages at the Pebble Peace Gallery located at 320 Edison-Furlong Road in Doylestown. Following is the press release of the show in addition so some photographs I snapped at the opening on Saturday. My photos do not do these collages justice – you need to see them in person! Also, Abby mentioned that soon she'll have prints of these original collages available in her shop. Hope you all find time to take a gorgeous drive up to Doylestown to check out the work of a fellow Handmade Philly member. And a big congrats to Abby!!
Abby Sernoff is a self-taught Mixed Media Collage artist who was raised in Lawrenceville, NJ. She received her B.A. from Macalester College and an MA in Speech Language Pathology from Temple University. Seven years ago, her life completely changed when she became seriously ill with Lyme Disease. Unable to continue working as a Speech Pathologist, Abby chanced upon collage making in 2006 while taking a local class about creativity. Within months, Abby found herself selling her artwork in local stores, accepting commissions, and participating in a juried art exhibit. She has shown her work as part of First Friday in Narberth, PA, and currently maintains a website and sells her art online.
Abby's work is inspired by the natural world around us, especially birds. Her artwork is heavily influenced by the mythology and symbolism that birds and other creatures have conveyed over centuries. She strongly believes nature is always communicating with us, and tries to reflect in her artwork the beauty that surrounds us. Since Abby's journey as an artist has paralleled her journey healing from illness, she also wishes to convey a message of hope and optimism through her art.
For Gallery information, to purchase artwork or schedule an exhibit, contact Gretchen Altabef, Gallery Director.
Today we visit with Matthew Baron creator of The Woofer.
The product that I manufacture is called The Woofer. It is a dog coat that plays music from an iPod or smartphone. I turn dogs into boom boxes. You can play any type of music on the coat including audio books to podcasts.
There are about 20 different materials that go into each Woofer. The waterproof speakers are held on with rivets and rings that I make out of aluminum. The wires are made by hand of copper and coated in plastic. The audio jacks are made of gold plating for performance. The amplifiers are made of a number components that I get online and powered by two rechargeable double A batteries. Then there is the coats themselves. They are mostly made of satin and microfiber for comfort easy cleaning. There is an inner batting and another batting fabric that is used to pad the back of each speaker.
Describe your studio or workspace and tell us a little about your process?
My studio is located in my home. I have two desks; one for tinkering and one for administration. I have an entire wall dedicated to the evolution of The Woofer. Previous versions and ones that just failed. I have made thousands of mistakes to be able to quickly manufacture a working coat.
Most days, I am more creative when I am out of the house. You can catch me at Last Drop, Chapterhouse or B2 coffeeshops.
What (or who) most inspires you?
All the people who told me that this is a great idea. Somebody had to do it and it might as well be me. Nobody will do it for you.
Tell us something about you that very few people know? Any hidden talents?
My fear is that my product will hurt a dog some day. I spend hours working on safety. I add padding and coating and pay for the opinions of professionals. Still, if you watch movies like Jurassic Park or Anaconda or Man's Best Friend or Jaws then you see what happens when man screws with nature. How about that women who had her face ripped off by her chimp? Will nature strike me back? Will dogs get mad if they think that I am making them look ridiculous.
Do your research and be prepared. You will need budgeting and statistics to start a company. Also, always plan on the worst case scenario.
What have you enjoyed most about being a part of Handmade Philly?
Being part of a group that cares about quality. Making something by hand means that you can make a quality product.
What programs/events/workshops would you like to see from Handmade Philly?
It would be great to see some classes from members on learning sewing or knitting or welding.
This is it. Making Woofers is living the dream.
Look for a Valentine's Day Woofer Video on YouTube and Facebook.
A peek into the world of Handmade Philly Member Traci Nelson of Tremundo.
Traci, where are you from originally? Where are you located now? I'm originally from Moselem Springs, a beautiful part of Berks County, where I spent a lot of my childhood exploring the outdoors. I gradually kept moving closer and closer to Philly until now I live right at the border of Philadelphia. I enjoy where I live having the convenience of the city and the burbs!
Tell us a few things about you? Creativity has spawned from attempting to keep a simple life that tends to have chaos attempting to interrupt! As a 2/3 empty nester, my life has been busier than ever as I fulfill my goals while still holding down the fort. I'm really fortunate that I am able to do what I love and still enjoy the time with my kids and live life!! My most recent hobby that I started a year and half ago is working on my bucket list, I'm having a lot of fun crossing experiences off the long list and didn't want to rush; this also birthed the bucket list journal.
What do you create? My imagination tends to take me all over the creative map from sewing, painting, refurbishing and more. My main focus is hand bound journals with original artwork on the canvas covers.
What materials do you most enjoy working with? I enjoy working with anything that I can dig my hands in and make a mess! The feel of different paints, mediums, papers, fabrics often inspire me to create. I can't say I enjoy one material more than another as it tends to change with what I am working on or what I am inspired to create next.
Describe your studio or workspace and tell us a little about your process? I tend to work where I'm comfortable yet still feel in the mix of home.
My studio is surrounded not just by supplies, also the things I enjoy that bring a sense of calm all the while there's usually music blaring in the background! Yet it manages to spill into other parts of the house while I might be binding journals or sewing while watching a movie with my daughter. While I do work in bunches such as cut paper all one day, sew covers another day, etc. I usually have a couple projects going on at the same time.
When are you most creative? One of my favorite days starts at 9pm and I paint, sew, write or bind until the sun comes up. I have always been a night owl and find the silence of the night to be the time when I can really allow the creative flow.
What (or who) most inspires you? My greatest inspiration comes from the world around me, especially the outdoors, always a tomboy at heart.
Inspired by the world around her and the outdoors.
I love the fall and all the brilliant changes in the trees evokes a sense of color explosion that recently motivated me to create new mixed media pieces. I also find that when I'm in the creative rut, the best place, for me, is the beach as it brings all my senses to live while clearing my head for new creations.
What do you love most about being part of something that is handmade? The originality of handmade and seeing all the "products" of creative minds is amazing. Each piece that is made is a part of the artisan. When I make a journal, I know my mind was in some place or another, a part of my perspective is in the artwork and find it rewarding to know that someone will be building upon and adding a piece of them into the journal.
Tell us something about you that very few people know? Any hidden talents? One of my hidden joys is traditional hand quilting. I like the challenge of creating a quilt, the right fabrics, colors, patterns and find the handwork to be relaxing. I appliqué, embroider and quilt all by hand with a quilt hoop. My grandmother was an amazing quilter and I have memories of her and friends quilting together. I've had quilts featured in several magazines and one is in a museum.
What's the best piece of advice you've been given? Do what you love and the rest will work out.
What's next? The past couple months, I've worked with various organizations and schools in creating journals specifically for the organizations. I hope to expand the network with the various organizations, schools and groups in hopes it will inspire others to create. I have several new designs in the works that I hope to have completed prior to the holidays.
What have you enjoyed most about being a part of Handmade Philly? Handmade Philly is a great network and with all the different artisans, it's great to hear different perspectives. The supportive and informative talks are so helpful to so many people.
Any parting words or advice? Use your gifts and follow your passion to create what works for you. I often hear artisans struggling with business aspects or trying to make things work. Having a business plan is a great way to set goals and stay focused as long as you refer to the business plan and adjust to any changes. With the business plan, keeping accurate records of all income, expenses and inventory so you can evaluate the true profit margin and analyze what you can do to increase your profits. Another piece of advice…find what works for you. Each person and goals are different and while there is a lot of advice online, to take the information and apply the points that work for you is more beneficial that trying to do something that might not work with your goals.
Online: Tremundo has a main website tremundo.com and two etsy shops: tremundo.etsy.com is basically anything goes and bluetoad.etsy.com is Tremundo hand bound journals.
On the spot: Her work can be found in local brick and mortars as well as across the country and in England. See tremundo.com for a list of venues and stores where items are sold.


When you don't want to dilute your beverage down with melting ice, but want to keep it properly chilled, just plunk in a few of these cool new Stainless Steel Ice Cubes. This set of four reusable ice cubes are made from food safe stainless steel with a non-toxic freezing gel sealed safely inside. Just store them in the freezer until you're ready to drink and use the included special freezing tray to easily transfer them to your glass without having to touch them. A modern day "on the rocks" solution.


Birthday Present 11 Year Old Best Of Luxury Diy Gifts for 11 Year Old Boy Concept Diy Ideas is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at August 5, 2018 upload by Helen Washington in .
Birthday Present 11 Year Old Best Of Luxury Diy Gifts for 11 Year Old Boy Concept Diy Ideas - We hope that , by posting this Birthday Present 11 Year Old Best Of Luxury Diy Gifts for 11 Year Old Boy Concept Diy Ideas , we can fulfill your needs of inspiration for designing your home. If you need more ideas toBirthday Invitations, you can check at our collection right below this post.


I was delighted to receive your letter, and do hope what little information I can remember will be of interest. The Congregational Chapel in Welgate Road in the early 1920s Mrs Neve took charge of most of the events, other services were taken by Pastor Brown who lived in Elvin Road, Dereham, from where he cycled each Sunday. He took the Funeral Services and any other duties connected with the Chapel. When he was unable to take the sermons local men known as Lay Readers took his place. I recall Walter Garner was one of the men, I think one of his daughters (Ruth) still lives in the Mattishall. I do not known very much about the Old Moor Chapel, it was usually attended by Yaxham people who lived nearby. Bertha's (nee Girling) lived in a cottage near the Chapel. In the late 1970's I had a visit from some Yorkshire friends, they wanted to visit the Girling family (I expect Bertha will remember Ernest and his wife well). Harry Girling was living in the cottage he showed us into the Chapel, but alas it was being used as an outhouse, chickens were all around, I even saw one perched on the pulpit. What must have been the last wedding to have taken place there was Hilda Gunton (a well known Congregationalist who often played the organ at Welgate Road) to Albert Hawkins in the 1930's. One of the last burials there was Mrs Cripoth from Yaxham Mill House around 1920. I think Pastor Brown officiated at both but I'm not sure Bertha has more knowledge of the Chapel than I.
It was interesting to know that you live in Connie Hill's House, I knew her quite well and remember her living there. In the 1930's Church Plain was in the centre of the village. There was Neve's Shop, then Hewitt's the butchers, a little further on were two pink washed cottages one was occupied by a well known village gent called Mr Buscal and his sister who did dress making. The next was Church Farm occupied by Talbot Hill (Connie's father), then came the row of houses Connie eventually lived in one, the next was occupied by Miss Mildred Edwards and her sister Bina. This was in the 1940's. Around 1950 they moved to a newly built bungalow on the Norwich Road. My mother lived in the next bungalow, so in later years were close friends. I am unable to give any information about Brandon Parva as there was no village Public Transport to the surrounding villages. Horse and trap or bicycle was our only means of travel. Welborne the next village to Mattishall has a dwelling called Solomon's Temple. I never hear of it having any connections with a place of worship. I have a good reason to remember it as in the 1940's my husband drove a lorry to London to deliver vegetables, he had with him a mate who's name was Cecil Howard who lived at Solomon's Temple. To enter London they were issued with passports, when Cecil handed his to the police he was taken to the nearest police station, as they did not believe such a place existed. The passport read:- Cecil Howard, Solomon's Temple, Welbourne (but badly brought up).
He was let off with a sever caution for defacing his passport. I know these little incidents do not concern Mattishall but they all concern past history.
Thank you for writing, I hope what little information I can remember will be of interest. If I can help in way of remembering past events please write. I shall always be pleased to help.


Hypnosis has been proven to be successful in reducing the tendency to smoke by individuals who were once considered to be chain smokers. Hypnosis is highly recommended when it comes to smoking cessation. Hypnosis helps change the mentality and way the smokers think about smoke at a more profound and deep level by substituting the temptation with motivation to quit and lead a healthy life.
Hypnosis has the ability and capability to help control one's diet plan instead of the food controlling the individual. A hypnotherapist in such cases uses the technique of frames to help individuals cut weight by viewing it from different aspects. Through hypnosis, it is possible for the subconscious mind to gain control of an individual's eating habits.
Through previous research studies, it is possible to reduce acute and chronic pain prevalent in the body. Through the technique of hypnosis, the conscious mind is diverted away, enabling the subject to relax, avoid distractions and bypass the critical conscious mind existing to access the unconscious mind.
Hypnosis is known to be a powerful and impeccable tool to tackle cases of addiction. Hypnosis addresses the issues by accessing the unconscious mind and place seeds or ideas and suggestions that can take root and grow. Hypnosis can curb withdrawal symptoms and provide an alternative drug-free escape with the intention to traumatize the individual against the thought of using needles again for pleasure.
Hypnosis has long been used as the right weapon to tackle and obliterate bad habits. Bad habits can be anything and everything from nail biting to procrastination. These habits can be dismantled by getting access to the unconscious mind. Repeated and consistent implementation of positive thoughts and suggestions against these bad habits will eventually enable the unconscious to accept the recommendations and reinforce them, leading you to change your behavior gradually. If the behavior is changed, the pattern is broken, and you are free.
Emotional trauma is the result of some specific stressful event that scarred and left a person filled with insecurity, sense of helplessness and loneliness. Hypnosis can tackle such emotional damage by using the technique of regression. The method of regression involves taking the individual back to that traumatic experience to realize the once real danger is no more, and the threat is no longer there. In doing so, it enables the individual to deal with the untreated trauma and finally let the scar heal allowing an improved quality of life.
Copyright © 2018 learnhypnosisnet.com. All rights reserved.


To my eye, BriarWork's C22 is a decidedly modern take on the stout, classic Billiards of old. It's as if someone asked them to make an "LB" that was a bit handier and perhaps more sleek. This finely rusticated version also features 9mm filter compatibility.
Bowl Height: 1.96 in./49.70 mm.
Chamber Depth: 1.69 in./42.86 mm.
Chamber Diameter: 0.81 in./20.49 mm.


text:
How to stop unnecessary email and prevent inbox fatigue
Ritoban Mukherjee
Jan 25, 2022 · Productivity
Negative email experiences don't just impede productivity at work — they can also lead to stress and insomnia, according to a recent study from the University of Illinois Chicago.
In fact, email anxiety can sneak up on you even if you don't interact with the vast majority of unwanted emails. Superhuman's own research found that 30% of workers find unwanted messages and overflowing inboxes to be the most distracting part of their job.
With a vast majority of offices in North America having transitioned to remote work, email fatigue and email anxiety are going to be a huge deal in 2022. So how can you prepare yourself and your workplace to better handle this gathering storm? Let's talk about that now.
Take the stress out of email writing
Prevent your emails from becoming an unwelcome distraction in someone's inbox
Does your inbox spark joy?
In 2021, Superhuman analyzed responses from well over a thousand knowledge workers for our Workplace Wellness Report. We found that email was the second most common source of distraction, limiting the productivity of over 25% of office workers and 27% of remote workers.
Do you compulsively check your phone every few minutes to find and respond to new email messages? You're not alone. Our survey found that presenteeism — the need to be always available and respond instantly to messages and communications — is the greatest threat to productivity and a top cause of email fatigue.
Luckily, your inbox doesn't need to be a dumpster fire. There's a scientific way to reduce the amount of junk email you receive, and it starts with three things: organizing your email account, using closed-loop communication techniques, and leveraging email clients and other productivity tools to stay on top of conversations without burning yourself out.
All of that together can help you achieve Inbox Zero — where your inbox is empty, or as close to empty as possible, at almost all times. Inbox Zero can be a difficult goal to achieve, but with the right tools and techniques, it's not impossible. In fact, it's what everyone who values their personal productivity should aspire to when thinking about email management.
Are you ready to take control of your email and quickly propel yourself towards Inbox Zero? Let's talk about how you can achieve that step by step.
Step 1: Declutter your inbox
The first step to reducing email fatigue is to reorganize your inbox and trim down the number of automated emails you receive. With that in mind, here are some general tips for decluttering your inbox easily:
Always have separate email accounts for personal and professional use. Doing that will help you reduce stress and create boundaries between your work and personal lives.
Have a system in place for organizing email based on intent and purpose. Gmail already lets you divide your inbox into four predetermined categories, but Superhuman takes it a step further by letting you create your own categories via its Split Inbox feature.
Use a system for prioritizing important messages so that they're quickly accessible at the top of your inbox. Email providers tend to automatically prioritize emails by date, but in Superhuman you can split your inbox into multiple categories to prioritize more effectively.
If you want to keep your inbox manageable, unsubscribe from any and all marketing emails you don't need. For the few that you need to stay subscribed to, consider creating separate categories for automated messages and those from actual humans.
Spam email is a scourge on inbox management. Gmail uses its own filters to flag and remove spammers and suspicious emails, but you can also improve the accuracy of the filters by using the "report spam" feature to flag junk mail that slips through the cracks. Even better, you can block senders directly to stop receiving email from them. With a productivity tool like Superhuman, you can also block unwanted senders and unsubscribe from entire domains in just a couple of keystrokes.
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Step 2: Send closed-loop emails
With the right tools and practices, anyone can block email coming from unsolicited spammers and other automated sources. But what about those neverending email threads between colleagues and collaborators? Is there a trick to avoiding that unnecessary back and forth?
Closed-loop emailing uses conversational techniques to avoid misunderstandings and keep email chains brief and manageable. From the subject line at the top of the email to the signature at the very bottom, they help you send smarter messages and close the loop on infinite follow-ups.
Want to learn more? Here are some tips for optimizing your emails for better closed-loop communication:
Don't answer every email right away. Tiago Forte, the author of Building a Second Brain, says this: "Go slightly beyond your normal response time. If you normally respond within an hour, try to respond within a day." Low reactivity reinforces the value of your response and makes sure you aren't taken for granted.
Anticipate and answer common questions. Do you offer a product or service? Make a list of all the commonly asked questions that your customers might have and answer them on your website's FAQ. Superhuman lets you use the Snippets feature to create customizable email templates for things like saying thank you or declining a meeting.
Respond with succinct declarations. Instead of ending your emails with more questions, respond with clear and concrete declarations to reduce the number of future messages you receive. Open-ended messages encourage people to continue the email chain, whereas those that end with declarative statements help close the loop faster.
Know when to go face-to-face. Not all conversations are meant to be had over email. Spontaneous conversations with a lot of back and forth are better reserved for face-to-face meetings. Whether you conduct these meetings physically or over a video call, being able to see the other participants' faces can help people decide faster.
Create a better email culture at work. Whether you're a project manager, executive, or individual contributor, it's part of your job to create a better communication culture in the workplace. Have separate communication channels for instant and asynchronous communication, and don't expect a response immediately unless absolutely necessary. At Superhuman, we encourage our team to switch off their email notifications — as long as they respond within 24 hours.
Step 3: Use email productivity tools
Unfortunately, even if you follow all this advice to a tee, email overload can still be a problem if you have a demanding job with multiple team members spread across different time zones.
That's where email productivity tools come in.
There are many different types of email productivity apps under the sun, but they all have one common goal. They aim to help you minimize distractions and manage email correspondence more efficiently. They range from analytics tools that provide insights into your email habits to shared calendars for scheduling meetings directly from your email inbox.
EmailAnalytics lets you monitor people's email habits so that you can track them each time they open and engage with your emails. Meanwhile, Clockwise is a shared calendar add-on that works with Google Calendar and Gmail to help you optimize your schedule.
Then, there's Superhuman — a powerful email productivity platform. With Superhuman's Split Inbox feature, you can sort email into different streams: by sender, project, or any criteria you like.
You can process messages one stream at a time and never miss an important email again. Superhuman uses artificial intelligence to prioritize the most important emails in your inbox so that you can tackle them first. It even has an Undo Send feature that lets you recall erroneous messages after you hit send!
Meet Superhuman — the world's most efficient email client
Choosing the right email productivity tool can be tough, especially when you have so many different options. There's a different tool for every purpose, and before you know it, your inbox is a dumping ground for third-party add-ons and applications.
However, if you're looking for an all-in-one email client that will take care of email triage and scheduling as well as accelerate your responsiveness, Superhuman can help! We reverse-engineered the AI-driven spam filters used by Gmail so they automatically triage and prioritize your most important conversations. Get started today and see why we're the platform of choice for so many Silicon Valley executives and Fortune 500 companies.
Turn your inbox into your most effective productivity tool
Keyboard shortcuts, AI triage, automated follow ups, scheduled sends
Leadership · Jenna Scaglione
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Learn the ins and outs of diagonal communication and how you can use it to empower and inspire your team to do their best work without hindrance.


Cycling is by far the best way to get around in Dresden. You can rent yourself a cool Van Moof design bike at the hotel.
Breakfast is always a good idea! Book in advance and pay less. A healthy and balanced selection of morning favourites, including breakfast sandwich, homemade pastry, fresh fruit, juice and tea or coffee. To pre-book and for more information click here. Our restaurant serves breakfast from 07.00am.
You can check in from 15:00.
Our gym is located in the basement. Please use a towel and wear a shirt (yes, you too, guy with the really hot abs). Our gym is monitored by CCTV. Please keep the gym clean and tidy. Use of the gym is at your own responsibility and risk. For safety reasons, children under the age of 16 are not allowed to access the gym.
Hair dryer available in each room.
A guest laundry facility is located in the basement of the main building. You can pay directly by cash or book and pay online via our TSH App. The detergents are automatically dispensed by the laundry system. Our laundry is equipped with irons and iron boards which you can use free of charge. Please use our irons in the laundry room and do not take them up to your room.
Our café-bar is located on the ground floor of the main building and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner and a wide selection of drinks and snacks. For opening hours and the menu please ask the staff in our restaurant. We do not provide room service in our hotel.
Vending machines are located on the first floor or emergency drinks, snacks, coffee, toiletries and other cool stuff that might come in handy.
There is a ATM across the street. See bank details below. Only available during opening hours. There is alo a Deutsche Bank branche at Prager Strasse 8, 01069 Dresden, which has an ATM available from 06:00 – 23:00.
TARGOBANK. Prager Str. 4, 01069 Dresden. If you step out of the hotel, the first thing you will see on the other side of the street is one of their branches. Open Monday – Friday: 9:00-13:00 & 14:00:1800.
Dresder Textilpflege, Altmarkt-Galerie, Altmarkt 25, 01067 Dresden. In the shopping mall, a short walk fom the hotel.
In a 5 minute you will find a Post office (retail) on Prager Strasse 12, TABASK & CO.-im Karstadt, 01069, Dresden.
There are many possiblities for a (late night) snack at Prager Strasse! Get a hamburger, french fries or a good kebab.
REWE is the closest supermarket to the hotel, only a 5-minute walk. Prager Strasse 1. Open Monday to Saturday from 07:00 – 22:00.
Telekom Shop Dresden, Prager Str. 7, 01069 Dresden, which is just around the corner.
Zahnartzt im QF Anne Sturm, Töpferstrasse 2, 01067 Dresden. Please call first to schedule an appointment +49 351 21932055. Make sure that you bring an ID and a credit card or bank card for direct payment.
Emergency/ Life threatening? Call 112 and inform our reception staff for assistance in guiding the ambulance personnel.
Should you require First Aid Assistance, please contact the reception +49 351 4819 732.
Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstraße 41, 01067 Dresden. T: +49 351 4800. W: www.klinikum-dresden.de.
SaXonia Apotheke Internationale Apotheke, Prager Str. 8A, 01069, Dresden. T: +49 351 4904 949. You will see the pharmacy directly when you step out of the hotel. Open Mon-Fri 09:00 – 20:00 and Zat 10:00 – 18:00.
3. Leave the building via the stairs and emergency exits and meet at the parking in the back of the hotel.
Cycling is by far the best way to get around in Dresden. You can rent yourself an ultra-hip designer bike at our reception.


text:
Yearning for the unattainable: James Tiptree Jr.'s short stories
Mon Jan 11, 2010 11:54am 11 comments Favorite This
I own copy of the second (1979) edition of James Tiptree Jr.'s collection Warm Worlds and Otherwise, which contains an insightful and interesting introduction by Robert Silverberg. Silverberg's introduction, while generally terrific, is wrong about two things. He's famously wrong about her "ineluctable masculinity"—in this second edition he backs down as graciously and sincerely as anyone ever has. If you want a model of how to acknowledge your public mistakes with grace, you could do a lot worse. The other mistake he makes is in assuming that Tiptree will someday write a novel, and that novel will be even better than the short stories he's praising. Tiptree did cobble together a couple of novels later in her career, and I quite like them, though they do not have the novel nature. Some people are natural short story writers, and I think this may have been a more inherent and significant thing about Tiptree than her gender. Tiptree wrote some of the best short stories the field has ever seen, stories that are unforgettable, the kind of story that gets under your skin and keeps coming back. There's a weird belief that short stories are somehow inferior to novels, are beginner's work, when in fact they are their own thing. Some writers excel at all lengths, others have natural lengths. Tiptree's natural length was the short story. She seldom extended even to novellas and novelets. She built whole memorable universes and characters to inhabit them in remarkably few words, and that was part of her genius.
Warm Worlds and Otherwise is out of print, but her "best of" collection, Her Smoke Rose Up Forever is still available, and I recommend it. Re-reading a short story collection I always find myself identifying themes and motifs. Tiptree wrote a lot about aliens and being alienated, but the strongest theme I can see is the yearning for the unattainable. All of these stories have characters yearning for what they cannot have, whether it's Timor and his lost paradise planet in "The Milk of Paradise," or P. Burke and her perfect robot body in "The Girl Who Was Plugged In," or the humans and their desire for alien sex in "And I Awoke and Found me Here," or the unbearable biological imperatives of the aliens in "Love is the Plan, the Plan is Death." What unites Tiptree's stories is the skilful blending of SFnal concepts with this overpowering yearning for something forever out of reach.
I've read Julie Phillips' biography of Tiptree and while I thought it was in many ways brilliant, I couldn't help feeling that Phillips underestimated the value of Tiptree's work. Phillips is interested in how Alice Sheldon constructed the persona of James Tiptree Jr., and that is indeed interesting. Phillips is interested in the way that being Tiptree let Sheldon write, where before she hadn't been able to, and not just write but communicate with other writers. I'm much more interested in the way that science fiction let her write, in the way she could find a way to write about her experiences as someone alienated from the world and find that writing welcomed. Delany talks about how science fiction can transform a sentence like "she turned on her side" from the boring restlessness of a sleepless night to the activation of the cyborg. In the same way Sheldon's inchoate longing for something impossible to articulate was alchemised through Tiptree's science fiction writing.
Tiptree's stories really are brilliant—I loved them when I was a teenager, I love them now. She did things that hadn't been done before, she expanded the edges of possibility for the field. Phillips wasn't really interested in Tiptree's influence in our genre, and so far as she was she wanted to talk about the Tiptree Award and gender and so on, which is all really related to Sheldon personally, and not so much to Tiptree as a writer. Tiptree did write "The Women That Men Don't See" and "Morality Meat" but gender and "female issues" were far from central to her concerns. I think one of the things being Tiptree gave her was permission to step away from this sort of thing, permission to write as "normal" (it was 1970) and unmarked, to be who she was, to be a person away from the confines of being a female. There's this thing that happens with acknowledging and sequestering women's stuff at the same time, and she escaped that.
Tiptree was constantly pushing the boundaries of science fiction. "The Girl Who Was Plugged In" (1973) prefigured cyberpunk—it's one of the three precursor stories, with John M. Ford's Web of Angels and John Brunner's The Shockwave Rider. "Love is the Plan, the Plan is Death" made a space for Octavia Butler's later writing about aliens and sex and identity. "And I Awoke and Found me Here" did the same for Varley—for a lot of the writers who came into SF in the later seventies and the eighties Tiptree was part of their defining space, and the genre would have been very different without her. Science fiction is constantly a dialogue, and her voice was one of the strongest in the early seventies, when everything was changing. She wasn't a New Wave writer, and in many ways she was very traditional, "And I Have Come Upon This Place" could have been written by Murray Leinster, except for the end. She wrote what she wrote and expanded the possibilities for all of us. Science fiction would be very different without her.
Jo Walton is a science fiction and fantasy writer. She's published eight novels, most recently Half a Crown and Lifelode, and two poetry collections. She reads a lot, and blogs about it here regularly. She comes from Wales but lives in Montreal where the food and books are more varied.
Alice SheldonbooksJames Tiptree Jr.readingrereadsScience Fictionshort fictionWarm Worlds and Otherwisewritten word
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El , conocido también como el Tipo 97 Ke-Go, fue un tanque ligero empleado por el Ejército Imperial Japonés durante la Segunda Guerra Sino-Japonesa y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque era muy lento para un tanque ligero, demostró ser suficientemente efectivo contra la infantería enemiga durante las campañas de Manchuria y China debido a que el Ejército Nacional Revolucionario de la República de China tenía muy pocos tanques o armas antitanque para hacerles frente. Sin embargo, al Tipo 95 le faltaba el blindaje y el armamento de los tanques aliados contemporáneos, siendo considerado obsoleto al inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Fueron producidas más de 2.000 unidades de este tanque. También fue empleado por los destacamientos de Infantería de Marina de la Armada Imperial Japonesa en el Pacífico durante el conflicto.

Historia y desarrollo
Desde inicios de la década de 1930, el Ejército Imperial Japonés empezó a experimentar sobre la guerra mecanizada con una unidad que combinaba la infantería con tanques. Sin embargo, el tanque Tipo 89 I-Go no podía seguir a la infantería motorizada que iba en camiones que alcanzaban los 40 km/h. Para resolver este problema, la Oficina Técnica del Ejército se propuso desarrollar un nuevo tanque ligero con una velocidad máxima de 40 km/h, iniciando el proyecto en 1933. El prototipo del nuevo tanque fue terminado al año siguiente en el Arsenal de Sagami. Era un tanque veloz y ligeramente blindado, similar al modelo británico cruiser o al BT soviético. Su nombre clave era "Ha-Gō" (ハ号), indicando que era el "tercer tipo" de tanque desarrollado.

En 1935, durante una reunión en la Oficina Técnica del Ejército, el Tipo 95 fue presentado como un potencial tanque medio para las unidades de infantería mecanizada. La infantería consideraba que su blindaje no era lo suficientemente grueso como para apoyar el avance de esta; sin embargo, la caballería argumentó que la aumentada velocidad y su armamento compensaban el blindaje delgado. Finalmente, la infantería aceptó que el Tipo 95 incluso era superior al automóvil blindado, la única alternativa disponible.

La producción fue iniciada en 1935 por las Industrias Pesadas Mitsubishi. Para 1939, se habían construido 100 unidades. Mitsubishi construyó un total de 853 tanques en sus fábricas, mientras que otros 1.250 tanques fueron construidos por el Arsenal de Sagami, Industrias Hitachi, Niigata Tekkoshō, Kobe Seikoshō y el Arsenal de Kokura.

El Tipo 95 era una mejora mayor sobre los anteriores tanques ligeros y tanquetas del Ejército Imperial Japonés, pero se vio rápidamente involucrado en un intensivo programa para producir variantes mejoradas como el Modelo Manshū (Tipo M), descendiente directo del Ha-Gō. El Tipo M era técnicamente idéntico, pero había sido desarrollado para las escuelas de tanquistas del Ejército de Kwantung en Manchukuo y se había planeado su distribución en grandes números a las futuras unidades blindadas del Ejército Imperial de Manchukuo, así como su producción en ese país.

Otro desarrollo fue el tanque ligero Tipo 98 Ke-Nu, que entró en producción en 1942 y del cual se produjeron 200 unidades. Este derivado estaba mejor blindado y llevaba un armamento compuesto de un Cañón Tipo 100 y dos ametralladoras calibre 7,70 mm.

El Tipo 95 también sirvió como la base del tanque anfibio Tipo 2 Ka-Mi, que tuvo un buen desempeño durante las primeras campañas japonesas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Diseño
El Tipo 95 era un tanque de 7,4 toneladas con una tripulación de 3 hombres (habitualmente el comandante/artillero/cargador, el mecánico/ametralladorista frontal y el chofer).

Su armamento principal era un cañón Tipo 94 de 37 mm, con una caña de 1,35 metros, un ángulo de elevación entre los -15 y +20 grados, una velocidad de boca de 600 m/s (700 m/s en el último modelo) y una capacidad de penetrar 45 mm de blindaje a 300 m. El comandante tenía que cargar, apuntar y disparar el cañón. El Tipo 95 transportaba dos tipos de proyectiles: Tipo 94 de alto poder explosivo y Tipo 94 antiblindaje.

El armamento secundario consistía en dos ametralladoras Tipo 91, una montada en el glacis y la otra en la parte posterior de la torreta. Las experiencias de combate en Manchukuo y China confirmaron que se necesitaban mejores ametralladoras, así que las ametralladoras calibre 6,5 mm fueron sustituidas por las más potentes Tipo 97 en 1941, una de ellas a la derecha del ya sobresolicitado comandante/artillero. También se reemplazó el cañón original Tipo 94 por un cañón Tipo 98 del mismo calibre, pero con una mayor velocidad de boca.

La torreta accionada manualmente era pequeña y sumamente estrecha, incluso hasta para el único tripulante que iba en ella (el comandante), además de solamente ser capaz de rotar en un arco de 45º hacia adelante, dejando la tarea de cubrir las espaldas a la ametralladora, que tampoco compensaba esta importante desventaja.

La característica más llamativa del tanque Tipo 95 era su simple sistema de suspensión. Las orugas eran impulsadas por las dos ruedas dentadas delanteras. Dos ruedas de rodaje iban suspendidas en un brazo, con dos brazos en cada lado. También había dos ruedas de retorno. La suspensión tuvo problemas desde el inicio, ya que su tendencia a rebotar con tal fuerza en terreno irregular le imposibilitaba a los tripulantes manejar el tanque a cualquier velocidad, por lo que fue modificada con un brazo que conectaba ambos juegos de ruedas de rodaje. A pesar de esto, el tanque continuó dando agitados viajes a sus tripulantes a través de cualquier terreno desnivelado, por lo que se agregó una capa interior de asbesto, útil para reducir el calor interno y evitar daños a la tripulación cuando el tanque iba a gran velocidad sobre terreno irregular.

Los primeros modelos de producción empleaban un motor diésel Mitsubishi enfriado por aire y una potencia de 110 cv (82 kW), alcanzando una velocidad máxima de 40 km/h (25 mph). Este era el mismo motor que impulsaba al tanque medio Tipo 89 I-Go. Más tarde se le instaló al Tipo 95 el motor más potente Mitsubishi NVD 6120 de 120 cv (89,5 kW). Algunos tanques Tipo 95 fueron equipados con dos reflectores en la parte frontal para operaciones nocturnas.

Variantes

 Tipo 3 Ke-Ri
Este fue un modelo con un Cañón Tipo 97 de 57 mm como armamento principal. Este diseño no pasó de la etapa de pruebas en 1943.

 Tipo 4 Ke-Nu
El Tipo 4 Ke-Nu pretendía resolver una de las quejas más comunes entre los usuarios del Tipo 95 - su estrecha torreta. La torreta del Tipo 95 fue reemplazada por la torreta de un tanque medio Tipo 97 Chi-Ha para tener más espacio. Se produjeron aproximadamente 100 unidades.

 Tipo 95 Manshū
El Tipo 95 Manshū era un tanque de entrenamiento y operativo, derivado del Tipo 95 Ha-Gō y muy similar a este. Estos tanques fueron destacados en Manchukuo y formaron parte de la unidad de entrenamiento de la escuela de tanques del Ejército Kwantung.

 Tanque antiaéreo Tipo 95 "Ta-Se"
En noviembre de 1941 fue construido un vehículo experimental llamado "Ta-Se", empleando el chasis de un Tipo 95 Ha-Gō con un cañón automático Tipo 98 de 20 mm. Otra versión de este empleaba un cañón automático Tipo 2 de 20 mm. Ninguno de los dos modelos entró en producción.

 Tanque anfibio Tipo 2 Ka-Mi
Este fue el primer tanque anfibio producido en Japón, siendo pensado para los infantes de marina de la Armada Imperial Japonesa. Tras desembarcar, sus pontones eran desmontados desde el interior del tanque por un cuarto tripulante. Su chasis estaba basado en el del tanque ligero Tipo 95. Los Marines se enfrentaron al Tipo 2 Ka-Mi en las Islas Marshall y las Islas Marianas, especialmente en Guam, donde fue empleado en posiciones defensivas estáticas.

 Grúa Tipo 95 "Ri-Ki"
El Tipo 95 Ri-Ki era un vehículo de ingenieros para trabajos de campo. Tenía una grúa con un brazo de 4,5 metros y capacidad de 3 toneladas.

 Cañón autopropulsado de 120 mm "Ho-To"
El Tipo 95 Ho-To era un obús Tipo 38 de 120 mm montado en el chasis de un Tipo 95 Ha-Go. El cañón era de baja velocidad, pero su proyectil antitanque explosivo le permitía destruir un M4 Sherman estadounidense. Este cañón autopropulsado fue desarrollado paralelamente al cañón autopropulsado Ho-Ru.

 Cañón autopropulsado Tipo 5 Ho-Ru
El Ho-Ru era un cazatanques ligero similar al Hetzer alemán. El desarrollo del Tipo 5 Ho-Ru empezó en febrero de 1945. El Tipo 5 Ho-Ru empleaba el chasis del tanque ligero Tipo 95, pero se agrandó la suspensión para emplear orugas de 350 mm de ancho. Estas tenían dos filas de pines para que la rueda de rodaje encaje entre ellos. El engranaje de la rueda impulsora era del tipo "picador" para enganchar los pines de las orugas, como en el T-34 soviético. Iba armado con un cañón de 47 mm.

 Tanque ligero Tipo 98 Ke-Ni
Esta modificación final era algo más ligera que el Tipo 95 original, incluso con su blindaje más grueso (0,62 pulgadas). Entró en producción en 1942, pero solamente se fabricaron unos 200.

Historial de combate
Cuando el Tipo 95 entró en servicio en 1935, era un vehículo funcional y comparable a cualquier tanque ligero del mundo. Era el mejor vehículo de su categoría disponible en gran cantidad para las Fuerzas Armadas japonesas desde la década de 1930 hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial, siendo principalmente empleado para apoyar el avance de la infantería o misiones de reconocimiento y, en menor grado, como vehículo de asalto. Podía hacer frente a los tanques ligeros M3 estadounidenses en las Filipinas, mientras que el Ejército británico tenía muy pocos tanques de cualquier tipo en Malasia o Birmania en diciembre de 1941.

El Tipo 95 Ha-Gō demostró ser moderadamente exitoso durante las primeras campañas de finales de 1941 e inicios de 1942, cuando las tropas japonesas invadieron la Malasia Británica y capturaron la plaza fuerte de Singapur. Una clave del éxito japonés en Malasia fue la inesperada presencia de sus tanques en zonas donde los británicos no creían que podían emplearse. El húmedo suelo de la selva no resultó ser un obstáculo. Doce tanques Tipo 95 tomaron parte en el ataque que rompió la Línea Jitra el 11 de diciembre de 1941.

Las primeras batallas tanque-contra-tanque de la guerra tuvieron lugar el 22 de diciembre de 1941, durante la invasión japonesa de Filipinas. Los tanques Tipo 95 del 4º Regimiento de Tanques se enfrentaron a los M3 del 192º Batallón de Tanques estadounidense. Ambos tanques iban armados con un cañón de 37 mm y el M3 tenía mejor blindaje; sin embargo, los inexperimentados comandantes estadounidenses no pudieron emplear efectivamente sus tanques.

Dos tanques Tipo 95 fueron enviados para apoyar el desembarco japonés en la Bahía de Milne, a fines de agosto de 1942. Inicialmente los tanques demostraron ser exitosos contra la infantería australiana ligeramente armada, cuyas "bombas pegajosas" no pudieron adherirse a estos debido a la humedad. Aunque los tanques habían demostrado su fiabilidad en el clima tropical de Malasia, no pudieron resistir el volumen de lodo producido por la intensa y casi diaria lluvia en la Bahía de Milne. Ambos tanques se empantanaron y fueron abandonados unos días después del desembarco.

El Tipo 95 empezó a mostrar su vulnerabilidad durante posteriores batallas contra las fuerzas británicas, en donde su cañón de 37 mm no podía traspasar el blindaje de los tanques británicos Matilda II empleados contra ellos. El delgado blindaje del Tipo 95 lo hacía cada vez más vulnerable, luego que las fuerzas Aliadas descubran que hasta las armas de infantería eran capaces de traspasar el mínimo blindaje situado alrededor del motor y que incluso su blindaje más grueso no podía resistir cualquier proyectil de un calibre mayor al de un fusil (7,62 mm o 7,70 mm). Su potencia de fuego era insuficiente para hacer frente a otros tanques, como el M4 Sherman o el M3 Stuart.

Al revertirse el curso de la guerra contra Japón, los Tipo 95 fueron empleados en ataques frontales o enterrados como casamatas en posiciones defensivas estáticas en las islas ocupadas por Japón. Durante la Batalla de Tarawa, siete tanques Tipo 95 enterrados hicieron frente al desembarco estadounidense. Más de estos fueron destruidos en la Isla Parry y en Enewetak. En la Batalla de Saipán, los Tipo 95 atacaron la cabecera de playa tomada por los Marines el 16 de junio de 1944 y más de estos fueron empleados al día siguiente en la mayor batalla de tanques del Pacífico.

En la Batalla de Guam del 21 de julio, diez tanques Tipo 95 fueron destruidos por fuego de bazooka o tanques Sherman. Siete más fueron destruidos en la Batalla de Tinian el 24 de julio, junto a otros quince más en la Batalla de Peleliu el 15 de setiembre. Igualmente en las Filipinas, al menos diez tanques Tipo 95 fueron destruidos en varios enfrentamientos en Leyte, junto a otros 19 en Luzón. En la Batalla de Okinawa, 13 tanques Tipo 95 y 14 tanques Tipo 97 Shinhoto del 27.º Regimiento de Tanques se enfrentaron a 800 tanques estadounidenses.

Centenares de tanques Tipo 95 fueron abandonados en China al final de la guerra. Estos fueron empleados durante la Guerra Civil China y por el Ejército Popular de Liberación de la República Popular China durante la Guerra de Corea.

Unidades del Ejército Imperial Japonés equipadas con el Tipo 95

 1.ª Brigada Independiente Mixta
 4º Regimiento de Tanques
  Regimiento de Tanques
 6º Regimiento de Tanques
 7º Regimiento de Tanques
 2º Regimiento de Tanques
 1.ª Compañía del 2º Regimiento de Tanques
 14º Regimiento de Tanques
 1.ª Compañía Independiente de Tanques
 2º Batallón de la 1.ª Brigada Marítima del Ejército
 Compañía de Tanques de la 1.ª Brigada Marítima del Ejército
 Compañía de Tanques del 222.º Regimiento de Infantería
 9º Regimiento de Tanques
 Unidad de Tanques del 18º Regimiento de Infantería
 1.ª Compañía del 9º Regimiento de Tanques
 2.ª Compañía del 9º Regimiento de Tanques
 Unidad de Tanques de la 29.ª División
 Unidad de Tanques de la 36.ª División
 Unidad de Tanques de la 14.ª División
 3.ª División de Tanques
 7.ª Compañía Independiente de Tanques
 1.ª Compañía Independiente de Tanques
 2.ª Compañía Independiente de Tanques
 1.ª Compañía del 4º Regimiento de Tanques
 3.ª Compañía del 4º Regimiento de Tanques
 2.ª División de Tanques
 26º Regimiento de Tanques
 27º Regimiento de Tanques
  Regimiento de Tanques
 Grupo de Entrenamiento del Ejército Kungchuling de la Escuela de Tanques del Ejército Kwantung.
 Destacamento Kamiyoshi
 Destacamento Shoji
 Destacamento Itoh (Grupo del Ejército)
 Destacamento Itoh de Infantería de Marina (Grupo de la Armada)
 Pelotón de Tanques del 5º Batallón de Infantería de Marina de Kure
 Unidad de Tanques del 7º Batallón de Infantería de Marina de Sasebo
 Destacamento de Makin de la 3.ª Fuerza Naval con Base Especial
 55.ª Unidad Blindad de Guardia del  Batallón de Infantería de Marina de Yokosuka
 Destacamento Blindado de Kwajalein del 7º Batallón de Infantería de Marina de Sasebo

Usuarios

 Principal usuario.

 El ejército nacionalista chino y el ejército popular revolucionario emplearon ejemplares capturados del tipo 95 durante la segunda guerra mundial, la guerra civil china y la guerra de corea.

 El Ejército Sud-Coreano empleó tanques sobrantes durante la Guerra de Corea.

 El Ejército Soviético empleó algunos tanques capturados tras la guerra.

 En 1940, el Ejército tailandés compró unos 50 tanques Tipo 95. Algunos de estos encabezaron la invasión tailandesa de los Estados Shan durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Estos tanques fueron retirados del servicio en 1952.

Ejemplares sobrevivientes
Pese a no haber quedado en Japón ejemplares sobrevivientes del tanque ligero Tipo 95, algunos de estos han sido conservados en museos alrededor del mundo.

 Museo de tanques de Bovington, Reino Unido.
 Museo de tanques de Kubinka, Moscú, Rusia.
 Museo Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Moscú, Rusia
 Museo de Armas del Ejército Estadounidense, Estados Unidos.
 Museo General George Patton, Estados Unidos
 Museo del Ejército Estadounidense de Hawái, Estados Unidos
 Centro de Caballería de Adisorn, Saraburi, Tailandia

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Vehículos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en inglés)
 Datos técnicos del Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en inglés)
 Fotos de un Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en inglés)
 Más fotos de un Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en ruso)
 Reporte estadounidense de Inteligencia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (en inglés)
 Como funciona un tanque ligero Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en inglés)
 Historia de la Guerra: Tipo 95 Ha-Go (en inglés)
 Un Tanque Ligero Tipo 95 Ha-Go, restaurado y funcional (parte 1) (video)
 Un Tanque Ligero Tipo 95 Ha-Go, restaurado y funcional (parte 2) (video)
 Un Tanque Ligero Tipo 95 Ha-Go, restaurado y funcional (parte 3) (video)

Vehículos militares de Japón
Vehículos blindados de Japón
Tanques ligeros
Carros de combate de la Segunda Guerra Mundial de Japón