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Crete tourist guide
The best Polish website dedicated to the Greek island Crete and to a small extent of continental Greece. You will find useful information related to visiting Crete that goes beyond the offer of optional tours. On the website you will also find descriptions of the most interesting places that we visited by visiting this largest Greek island. The content complements the current news, photographs and recipes of Greek cuisine.
What to see in Crete ›
Cities on the island of Crete ›
Sitia (Σητεία) is the city that has the most "the most" in its sleeve. It is the smallest city of Crete, the easternmost, with the quietest atmosphere, and although it is the least developed compared to other Cretan cities, its residents are the most cordial to visitors.
Less than 10,000 population of Sitia makes the city the smallest in Crete. Some even go a step further and say perversely that it is rather the largest village of Crete. I must admit that this statement has some truth, because the somewhat drowsy atmosphere that prevails here, actually resembles a Cretan village more than a city dominated by everyday turmoil. Even at the peak of the holiday season, you will not find too many tourists here. In part, this is due to the not very extensive tourist infrastructure, which is much smaller compared to the other cities of the island.
Sitia is nothing like the bustling Chania or Heraklion . Regardless of whether a high tourist season is currently in progress or not, the rhythm of the city is taking place here at an unhurried pace. To this day, we remember our surprise when after 16:00 we tried to buy bread. At this time of the day, all the bakeries were already closed. The saleswoman of one of the few open greengrocers with a smile on her face acknowledged this fact only with a shrug and a commentary "but after all it is already after 6pm ...". As part of the help, she also directed us to the supermarket, where, according to her assumptions, only dakosy and hideous toasted bread were available on the shelves.
At this point, however, it is worth mentioning that it is impossible not to notice that the inhabitants of Sitia and the surrounding villages in the east of the island are sincerely kind and cordial to tourists. The question even for the smallest detail easily turns into a long conversation, which seems to have no end. This is only our personal conjecture, but we think that this may be due to the fact that this part of Crete is still not experiencing the annual crowd invasion of tourists. Local residents are still not overwhelmed by the number of guests from other countries and treat them with real hospitality ;-)
The slow rhythm of life in Sitia and in its region makes this part of Crete a great place for people who do not look for nightlife on holidays and are not geared to visiting many tourist attractions. You can find, above all, peace and quiet, which is so lacking in other major cities. This region is also one of the few places on the island where you can taste the "real" Crete. The waiter's smile is not forced here, and the kindness is really honest.
Some also think that Sitia is the perfect place for young couples in love who want to experience a romantic atmosphere on holiday. The kiss-spots marked in the city confirm this opinion in a way .... ;-)
Although Sitia has its own airport, however, it is practically unused by travel agencies. Most tourists still get to Crete by landing at the airport in Heraklion , which handles the largest part of charter traffic. Separation of Sitia by 130 km from the capital of the island means that the city is still very little popular among Polish and foreign travel agencies. From Poland, there are mainly individual tourists so far reaching Sitia. The situation will definitely change when a large hotel complex to be built in the area of Cape Sidero is put into use.
How to get to Sitia
Two years ago in Sitia a new terminal for them was put into service Vitsentzosa Kornarosa, which, however, currently only serves domestic flights and few charters. The number of aircraft landing and departing from here is still negligible. Local authorities associated great investment hopes for the development of the tourist sector there. For several years, attempts have been made to make the airport permanently in the network of charter connections implemented during the tourist season. Unfortunately, so far these efforts have not brought any major results. The existing charter connections between Sitia and several northern European cities from such countries as the Netherlands, France or Norway bthey were quickly suspended.
A much more important function is played by the seaport , from which ferries run to some Dodecanese, Cyclades and Heraklion islands. Daily cruises are made to Piraeus in Athens.
From Sitia, several times a day, KTEL buses to Heraklion, Agios Nikolaos and Makry Gialos located on the southern coast of the island. Sitia, however, is poorly connected with nearby small towns. In general, two courses per day are implemented. So if you plan to visit the east of Crete by KTEL public transport, we advise you to check the departure times well.
Of course, you can also get to Sitia by car . The New National Road runs here, which runs along the entire north coast of Crete. The route is generally very good quality. However, behind the village of Kavousi, you will encounter a lot of corners, the defeat of which requires increased attention. They will also not allow for higher speeds. It is worth taking this into account when planning a trip.
Directly to Sitia there is also a road leading to the southern coast of Crete. You can get there to Makry Gialos and then continue towards Ierapetra and further west of the island. It is a much slower route, the roadways are narrower, but thanks to the slower speed you can enjoy the villages and olive groves you have encountered.
The first inhabitants of Sitia came from the Neolithic times. The Minoan city was built in the place of ancient Itia. Some say that it was here that Myson was born, counted among the seven wise men of antiquity, which, according to the preserved message, the Delphic oracle recognized him as the wisest man.
The city flourished in Byzantine times, when it began to function as a commercial port. The high castle walls erected around the city and the Kazarma fortress were intended to protect the residents' safety.
When the Venetians took over control over Crete, they considered the region important. Thanks to the development in all sectors, Sitia has become the largest city of eastern Crete. At that time, one of the largest representatives of Greek literature Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553-1613) was born near the city. His last name is today at the nearby airport.
In the sixteenth century, a series of disasters came, as a result of which the city was destroyed many times. The great earthquake (1508) and the continuous invasion of pirates led by Barbarossa (1538) contributed to the destruction of a significant part of Sitia along with the defensive walls. An interesting fact is that the city's residents were forced to contribute financially (1500 ducats) to repair the entire defense system of the city.
The reconstruction of the destroyed fortifications was still being attempted by the Venetians, however, the history was on the way. The 6th Venetian-Turkish war ended with the victory of the Turks, who took over the control of Crete. Before giving Sitia to the new occupant, the Venetians demolished the existing walls still existing. Residents of the city were moved to Heraklion, and in Sitia only a small garrison remained.
The city fell into oblivion for the next two centuries. In 1869, Ayni Pasha founded a new city here, which was named in his honor by Ayna. Local peasants began to settle in it. Soon after these events, Crete regained its independence and the city's name was changed again. And although today the old defensive walls are invisible, the Kazarma fort is still evidence of the presence of ancient powerful fortifications.
Historians are not sure whether the modern city was created in the place of the Minoan settlement. These assumptions, however, seem to confirm the few Minoan graves, figurines and Roman buildings found here.
What to visit in Sitia?
Above all, it is worth delving into the streets of the city. We, due to cascading buildings, called Sitia a city of stairs. Streets along the slope create specific terraces that are connected with each other by pavements. Most of them are steep stairs usually painted with white paint. Visiting this city you have to adjust yourself to overcome a large number of steps :)
Fort Kazarma (Casa di Arma)
Towering over the city, a fort dating from the thirteenth century reminds of the times in which this building together with nonexistent presentand walls, it protected the city from intruders. The present shape of the fortress was given to the Turks who, after taking over the reign, realized its comprehensive reconstruction.
Brama wejściowa
Widok z twierdzy Kazarma na miasto
Mury twierdzy
Today, Kazarma is only used when organizing local cultural events. Although there is only a three-storey tower in the middle and stairs leading to the wall, it is worth coming here in Sitia. From the fortress walls there is a beautiful view of the city and the bay.
Admission is payable: 2 €
Archeological museum
The museum is relatively young because it was inaugurated in 1984. It was created after 50 years of efforts by various local institutions and residents of the city, who wanted Sitia to have its own place to collect and protect important archaeological finds from this region of Crete. Without these activities, artifacts found over the last 100 years in this area would be transferred to museums in Heraklion and Agios Nikolaos.
Monety z Trypitos
Sarkofagi minojskie
Najcenniejsza figurka męska z kości
Szkatułka (pyxis) na biżuterię z kośic słoniowej z Mochlos
Przekrój modelu statku minojskiego
And although this object is far from the impressive size of the Museum in Heraklion, we think it's worth a look. In this object, the most important archaeological finds from the area of 4000 years have been collected from the eastern part of Crete (Sitia, Palekastro, islets Mochlos and Psira, Minoan palace in Zakros, Xerokambos Makry Gialos, Koufonisi or Ancient Itanos). All finds are organized according to the area of origin. The largest and richest group of exhibits consists of numerous artifacts from the Minoan palace in Kato Zakros. The oldest exhibits remember the Neolithic times, while the youngest come from the late Roman period.
The most famous subject of the collection is a 50-cm ivory statuette from the Minoan city of Palaikastro. You will certainly pay attention to him, because he is specially exposed in a separate case in the central part of the main room.
The museum is open in the following hours:
From June 1 to October 31 from Tuesday to Sunday 09:00 to 16:00
From November 1 to May 31 from Tuesday to Sunday, from 08:00 to 15:00
The admission ticket costs: 3 €
City beach
Sitia boasts a long, mostly sandy beach stretching to the east of the city. In the afternoons and at weekends it becomes a favorite place of relaxation for the city's residents. The water is shallow, so parents with small children are happy to be here. Tourists on this beach meet rather rarely.
The beach has a fairly well-organized infrastructure, but there is also a lack of quiet, peaceful places, especially in its eastern part. An additional advantage is the beautiful view of Sitia which stretches from here. White amphitheatric buildings of the city rising above the waters of the semi-circular bay. From this distance and perspective, they look particularly picturesque.
The eastern end of the beach closes Cape Trypitos, where the ruins of the ancient city of Trypitos are found. It was here that the ancient sage Myson was to come into the world.
Port and city promenade
Ports in Sitia often have ferries coming from other islands. The characteristic rumbling of a sailing ship can be heard from a distance. On the approaching slowly colossus, you can look until you enter the port.
Small fishing boats and private yachts also stop at the port. The benches along the coast allow you to observe blissful and unhurried life.
A city boulevard with palm trees is surrounded by taverns and cafes. It is a kind of center, which, however, even in the evening does not fill the bustling crowd of tourists, well known from other cities of Crete. It is an ideal place for walking even in the moonlight.
Good Kiss Spot dla zakochanych
Roman aquariums
These semicircular structures are located 150 m from the customs office. The Romans kept fresh fish in them. There are ten of them on the two hundred meter stretch of coastline, but most of them are ruined. These are the best preserved Maydimensions of approximately 7 x 6,7 m.
What's interesting you can find nearby?
In the area of Sitia, tourists come primarily to see the famous Vai beach. In general, they also stop at the Moni Toplou monastery. Dismissing Sitia from popular tourist resorts and long travel times, however, means that you do not have enough time to explore the city itself and other interesting attractions nearby. In the meantime, there are a lot of interesting places around Sitia that will make you stay in this area for longer without boredom. Interestingly, most of them can be reached really fast because the distances here are not great. Unfortunately, a car or scooter is required to view the area. As we wrote above - local communication buses run quite rarely. This region also abounds in small but interesting excavations. Approximately 80 were counted throughout the area. This is a real treat for history buffs and amateurs of excavations.
palm beach Vai
Moni Toplou monastery and the nearby Tasting Room of the monastery wine cellar
excavations in Itanos with pleasant beaches
extensive archaeological sites at Roussolakos
small archaeological sites, for example on Cape Trypiti , Petras, Presos, Chamaizi (a little further).
Minoan palace in Zakros
ravines, eg Richtis , Valley of the Dead at the Zakros palace
less known beaches, eg Chiona , favorite by Kouroumenos windsurfers
Interesting places on Crete
↤ click the appropriate part of the island to change the bottom map
Elafonisi is a small island located at the end of the southwestern edge of Crete. A characteristic feature of Elafonisi is the shallow lagoon connecting it with Crete.
Chania Airport
This is the second largest airport (IATA code: CHQ) in Crete. In 2010, the airport in Chania served a total of over 1.65 million passengers.
Chania (Χανιά) is the second largest (after Heraklion) city of Crete. The biggest advantage of Chania is the area of the Old Town and the beautiful Venetian Harbor.
Aptera is a city whose history dates back to at least a thousand years before our era. In the peak period, about 20,000 lived in it. people, of which only 1/5 were free people.
Chania (Χανιά) is the second largest (after Heraklion) city of Crete. The biggest advantage of Chania is the area of the Old Town and the beautiful Venetian Harbor.
The genesis of the name of this poviat will not surprise anybody who will break the road from the Imbros gorge to Hora Sfakion.
Frangokastello is a small fortress that was built by the Venetians over four years from 1371. Initially, the castle was named after Saint Nikitas.
(Χρυσοσκαλίτισσα) The Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary with the Golden Step from the 17th century is the westernmost church building of this type.
The Omalos plateau
Omalos is a perfect starting point for exploring the Samaria Gorge. Located over 1,100 m above sea level extends over an area of 25 km2. Its size corresponds more or less to the size of the Lasithi Plateau.
Located 47 km from the city of Chania, it is the only freshwater lake in Crete. Its area is about 580 thousand. sqm. and the maximum depth is about 45 meters
The steel crossing, which in the central part is separated from the ground by nearly 150 m, is at the leading position of the places where the longest bungee jumps are made.
The genesis of the name of this poviat will not surprise anybody who will break the road from the Imbros gorge to Hora Sfakion. Word
Chora Sfakion is an extremely picturesque mountain village of the mountainous and wild Sfakia region
Loutro is famous for the fact that you can get to it only from the sea or walk on the mountain trail, because there is no other road here.
Stavros used to be a small fishing village. Today, it is primarily a tourist destination, but in a positive sense.
Bear's Cave
The cave is less than 1 km from Moni Gouvernetou Monastery. You will reach it using the pedestrian trail that has been marked out along the slope of the Avlaki Gorge.
Balos Lagoon
Balos is one of Crete's flagship beaches if not all of Greece. We can assure you that the landscapes you see during your trip to Balos will remain with you for a very long time.
Moni Katholiko is probably the oldest and most spectacular monastery in Crete. It is located 20 km north-east of Chania.
Agia Triada Monastery
The Orthodox monastery of Agia Triada, located on the northern part of the Akrotiri peninsula, is one of the most beautiful and richest monasteries in Crete.
Gouverneto Monastery
Gouverneto Monastery is probably the oldest active Greek Catholic monastery located on the Akrotiri peninsula near Chania.
The length of the trail leading through this place is about 8 kilometers and the difference in altitude is about 600m.
Until the early nineties, this place was known only to few tourists and local residents.
Paleochora is a quite well-organized tourist town, with a beautiful large sandy beach
Samaria is one of the most important tourist attractions located in the western part of Crete.
Glyka Nera is one of the most spectacular beaches in Crete.
Sougia is a small town located in the southwest of Crete.
Falasarna (excavations)
On the north-western coast of Crete, at the foot of the Gramovous peninsula, there are ruins of the ancient port of Korikos, later known as Falassarna.
Krios Beach is located about 9 km west of Paleochora and it is also the last beach on this stretch of the southern coast
Between the villages of Topolia and Koutsamatados there is an interesting cave known as Agia Sofia
Milia is an authentic mountain settlement, which most probably dates from about the seventeenth century.
On the edge of the village of Potamida grows a complex of clay mounds called Komolithi (Komolithoi)
Grammeno (Γραμμένο) is a beach that can be counted among one of the best and most beautiful beaches in this part of Crete.
German tunnels
Platanias is a popular tourist destination. It is here that there are very interesting tunnels from World War II.
Polyrinia was one of the most important city-states of western Crete during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It was built amphitheater on a steep hill, rising to a height of 481 meters above sea level
The Agia Irini gorge, just a short distance from the village of Sougia, is one of the most popular hiking destinations.
Gramvous
The island of Gramvousa, or in fact Imeri Gramvousa (Ήμερη Γραμβούσα), is an inseparable point of a trip that combines a stay in the Balos Lagoon with visiting the remains of a fortress located on the top of the island of Imeri Gramovousa.
Agia Roumeli is located on the south coast of Chania Prefecture, between Chora Sfakion and Paleochora.
The Byzantine church of Agios Pavlos was erected on the remote Selouda Beach in the south of Crete.
Even in the high season, Kedrodasos still remains wild and unobstructed by crowds
Knossos is one of the flagship monuments visited by tourists, it is also the most popular place where organized trips go.
Heraklion (Iraklion) is the largest city of Crete. With almost 140,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth largest city in Greece.
Dozens of craft workshops located in this small mountain village make Margarites one of the four main centers where traditional Cretan ceramics are made.
Heraklion - airport
International airport. Nikos Kazantzakis in Heraklion is currently the largest airport in Crete.
Heraklion (Iraklion) is the largest city of Crete. With almost 140,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth largest Greek city.
The date of the foundation of Moni Arkadiou (Arkadi) is not exactly known. According to tradition, the name of this church refers to the name of the Emperor Arkadiusz, who supposedly was to be its founder.
Rethymnon with around 40,000 inhabitants are the third largest city of Crete. This place was populated already in the Minoan period. Historically, the city was an important commercial center.
Thrapsano is a small town inhabited by slightly over 2,500 people, the vast majority of which until recently maintained their activity as a potter.
Skinaria is a small beach located along a small bay, whose outlet on both sides ends with a rocky coast. It is still a little-known place overlooked by mass tourism
According to Greek mythology, Zeus hid (and perhaps even gave birth) in the Ida cave. This myth is the greatest asset of this cave, which is not as interesting and beautiful as the Dikte cave.
Tripiti is a small beach covered with a mixture of gray sand, gravel and stones. Despite the fact that the beach is unorganized and has a semi-natural appearance, one small tavern works here.
Plakias is a perfect place for people who like to spend time hiking. In the area of the town and the surrounding area, there are several hiking trails that lead to interesting beaches.
Preveli monastery
Currently, the lower monastery is still not open to the public and is not used by the monks. The buildings of the upper monastery have undergone partial renovation and are the main seat of the Preveli monastery.
Gorge Kourtaliotiko
The Kourtaliotiko Gorge, also known as the Asomatos Gorge, is perhaps one of the most spectacular natural attractions available in the central part of Crete.
Minoan Agia Triada
Agia Triada is a small Minoan archaeological site in the south of Crete, located near Timpaki, located on the western slope of the hill about 40 meters above sea level.
Melidoni Cave
Currently, Melidoni Cave (originally called Gerontospilios) is associated mainly with the tragic events that took place here in 1824.
Koules Fortress
This fortress is a perfect example of Crete's multiculturalism. Located today in Greek hands, it was built by the Venetians, but is called a name taken from the Turkish language.
It is one of the most important and largest museums in Greece and one of the most important in Europe.
Tylissos is one of the few places in Crete that has kept its name since ancient times.
Agios Pavlos is a small town located on the southern coast of Crete near Saktouria.
Triopetra is located at the foot of the Siderotas mountain about 52 km south of Rethymno.
Skinakas Observatory
The observatory is located at the top of the Skinakas mountain at an altitude of 1750 m. The idea for its construction was born in 1984.
The Late-Romanesque cemetery in Armeni is located on the outskirts of this town, located less than 10 km south of the center of Rethymno.
The museum presents the dramatic history of Crete written over the last several hundred years.
The modern settlement known as Argyroupolis was built on the site of the ancient city of Lappa (also called Lambi)
Lentas is a good idea for those who want to get away from villages steeped in industrial tourism.
Labyrinthaki and Labyrinthos
This ancient quarry, consisting of two parts by modern times, is called Λαβυρινθάκι and Λαβύρινθος.
Archeological Museum in Eleftherna
If anyone of you is looking for a good restaurant near Matala and Kalamaki, then we would like to recommend estiório Chrisopigi.
Gortyna is considered one of the most extensive excavations in Greece.
Psiloritis (Timios Stavros - Holy Cross) is the top of the highest mountain of Crete, rising to 2456 m above sea level.
Rouvas Gorge
Rouvas Gorge is one of the most interesting places in this part of Crete. The interesting trail leads in a perfect way to the changing appearance of this gorge.
Matala is one of the most popular towns not only of the southern coast but also of the whole of Crete. In the 1960s and 1970s, this small fishing village was a mecca for hippies.
Monastery of Odigitrias
The Odigitrias Monastery is one of the most famous monasteries of southern Crete. Unfortunately, in terms of popularity, he is far from other Cretan monasteries.
Kali Limenes (meaning Dobre Porty or Piękny Przystanie) is a coastal town located in the Asterousia Mountains on the southern coast of Crete.
In addition to the famous grand palaces on the island in the Minoan period, a number of smaller residences were created. One of the most important examples is the Vathipetro discovered about 5 km north of Archanes, on the southeastern slope of Mount Juchtas in the central part of Crete.
When traveling around Crete, it is not difficult to pay attention to the fact that most of the beaches there are relatively small and short. For this reason, people who are used to our national Baltic standards, where the sandy coast stretches for kilometers, may experience a special disappointment. However, fortunately, nothing is lost, because Crete in its rich arsenal of various beaches can boast of those that allow for long walks along the coast. One of them, our favorite is the Kommos beach located in the south of the central part of the island.
Sfendoni Cave
Although there are countless caves in Crete, only a few can be visited. Sfendoni is the largest cave open to the public. content comes from: http://www.crete.pl www.CRETE.pl
Venetian Harbor and the lighthouse
The old Venetian port and the lighthouse are one of the most recognizable elements of Rethymno.
Information about one of the more known tourist cities of Crete, or about Malia. Description of attractions located in the city of Malia and a description of the specificity of this town.
Kritsa is one of the largest villages in Crete. The village has a lot of shops with local crafts.
The Lasithi Plateau is located about 70 kilometers from the capital of Crete - Heraklion. The average height at which the terrain of this plateau is located is 840 m above sea level.
Dikte Cave
One of the tourist attractions eagerly visited by people spending their holidays in Crete is the Dikte (Psychro) cave. The main factors that attract people to this cave are a rich and varied dripstone robe and a close connection with mythology.
Among the olive groves in the place called Logari, which is less than a kilometer from the village of Kritsa, there is a small Byzantine church of Panagia Kera from the 13th-14th centuries.
Stalida is located directly along the coast and is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Crete, which definitely comes alive with the advent of the tourist season
Gorge Ha
Most people crossing the route between Agios Nikolaos and Ierapetra will definitely notice the large crack which is marked by the mountain located east of this road. This majestic geological creation called Ha was probably created as a result of an earthquake.
Xerokambos is a small settlement in which you will find literally several taverns, and most of the buildings are single-storey and one-story houses. The big advantage of this beach is a gentle sandy descent to the sea.
Agios Nikolaos (Άγιος Νικόλαος) is a small town with less than 20,000 inhabitants. permanent residents (according to statistical data from 2001). This city is the capital of the Lasithi nomos.
Although Elounda seems to be a sleepy fishing town to this day, however, appearances should not fool you, because this town and its surroundings can boast of probably the largest number of the best hotels.
The ancient city of the LATO can be found near the charming village of Krista near Agios Nikolaos.
It is recognized that Gournia was inhabited between 3000 BC. 1,200 BC and is one of the few cities unearthed to a large extent.
Zakros
Zakros is the fourth-largest Minoan palace in Crete in importance and size. This latest found, built on the east coast of the island is located in the village of Káto Zákros.
Palace in Malia
The first palace was built around 1900 BC. in the place where there was a quite impressive settlement whose remains were later transformed into the central part of the city.
Moni Toplou (Μονή Τοπλού) also called as The Great Monastery is one of the most beautiful and important monasteries in Crete.
Mochlos is a small town located roughly halfway between Agios Nikolaos and Sitia.
This inconspicuous little island located about 5 km from the center of Elounda is one of the biggest tourist attractions in Crete.
When heavy equipment entered the promontory near Sitia, no one expected that this area contained the ruins of the Hellenic city.
The abundance of water and shade mean that even at the peak of the tourist season, this place is full of lush vegetation.
At the top of a cone-shaped hill called Souvloto Mouri, the remains of an unusual building with a unique oval shape were discovered.
Moni Toplou Winery
The ruins of the ancient city of Itanos are located at the eastern tip of Crete, less than 3 kilometers north of the famous palm beach of Vai. Although there are also nice beaches at Itanos, unlike its well-known neighbor, this place does not attract crowds. There are either accidental stray tourists or excavation enthusiasts here.
Just over 2 km from Palekastro, next to Chiona beach, there is a large archaeological site called Roussolakos
Ierapetra (Ιεράπετρα) is the fourth largest city of Crete and also the largest town located in the Lassithi prefecture.
Diaskari Beach, also known as Green Beach, is less than 3 km from Makry Gialos.
Koufonissi - cruise to the island
Koufonissi is a small island in the Libyan Sea, located just a stone's throw from the southern coast of Crete.
Makry Gialos is one of the less-appreciated tourist destinations in Crete.
Less than 10,000 population of Sitia makes the city the smallest in Crete. Some even go a step further and say perversely that it is rather the largest village of Crete.
Napoleon's house
Napoleon's house is one of the few typically tourist attractions in Ierapetra. About what could have happened here in the summer of 1798 and possibly how much in this legend is the truth we write in the article on the page below.
Zakros and Kato Zakros
Zakros is a small town on the east coast of Crete, less than 40 km south-east of Sitia.
Moni Kpasa
Moni Kapsa Monastery is one of the most interesting monasteries in Crete. Its massive buildings were erected on rocky, gray slopes surrounding the nearby Pervolakia Gorge.
However, Pachia Ammos is not a typical crowded and lively tourist destination, which is not lacking in the north of Crete.
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Basia Skye
komentarz z
Sitia jest"naj"
i takie tez mam
Adam Bromowicz
Super miasteczko i super ludzie !
Karolina Kamadulska
Piękne miasto tylko te schody ha ha
CRETE - Kreta
Cały urok miasta tkwi w tych schodach :D
CRETE - Kreta oj tak
CRETE - Kreta i taki chodniczek:)
Bożena Kakowska
I oczywiście najlepsza oliwa na świecie ❤
Emilia Kasperowicz
Widok z fortecy i oliwa ❤
Jola Knaś
I ma najlepsze miejsce do całowania
Wioletta Hair
Pięknie tam jest
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Redirected from the side - Olous - ancient Elounda. Although Elounda seems to be a sleepy fishing town to this day, however, appearances should not fool you, because this town and its surroundings can boast of probably the largest number of hotels with the highest standards of service. Beautiful landscape and an amazing view of the Mirambello bay is the reason why Elounda was so quickly and greedily absorbed by modern mass tourism. In luxurious SPA resorts, the most famous guests from Greece and around the world spend their holidays. It was in this place that Lady Gaga rested,
Redirected from the site - Xania. Chania (Χανιά) is the second largest (after Heraklion) city of Crete. Although the official number of residents does not exceed 58 thousand. however, together with the neighboring towns, Chania forms an agglomeration with a population of approximately 130,000. people. Chania is located on the northern coast of the island, about 70 km west of Rethymno and 145 km west of Heraklion.
Redirected from the site - Iraklio. Heraklion (Iraklion) is the largest city of Crete. With almost 140,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth largest Greek city. Together with the neighboring towns, it forms an agglomeration of around 200,000 people. The important role played by Heraklion in Crete is underlined by the fact that the city is also the administrative capital of the island.
Crete - news
Tourist's necessity
History of Crete
Geographical conditions
Top 12 tourist attractions
Explore local
Books, maps and guides
By car around Crete
KTEL - a bus around Crete
Holidays in Crete
Greek cuisine
Movies from Crete
Daily Fire Danger Map
Agios Nikolaos in winter
Statistical tourist of western Crete in 2022
Winter Lentas
Heraklion is one of the worst rated European airports
Moni Toplou (Panagia Akrotiriani)


text:
Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials
Kenichiro Aoki, Takahisa Mitsui
Spectra of thermal fluctuations of a wide range of interfaces, from liquid/air, viscoelastic material/ air, liquid/liquid to liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces, were measured over a 100 Hz to 10MHz frequency range. The obtained spectra were compared with the fluctuation theory of interfaces, and found to be mostly in quite good agreement, when the theory was generalized to apply to thermal fluctuations of liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces. The loss modulus of viscoelastic materials has been incorporated into the theory, and its effects observed experimentally. The spectra were measured using a system that combines light reflection, statistical noise reduction through averaged correlations, and confocal microscopy. It requires only a small area of the interface (∼1μm2), relatively short times for measurements (≲ few min), and can also be applied to highly viscous materials.
043J01
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/pty026
Published - 2018 Apr 1
10.1093/ptep/pty026
Dive into the research topics of 'Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
liquids Physics & Astronomy 100%
liquid air Physics & Astronomy 98%
fluctuation theory Physics & Astronomy 50%
noise reduction Physics & Astronomy 38%
frequency ranges Physics & Astronomy 28%
Aoki, K., & Mitsui, T. (2018). Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 2018(4), [043J01]. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/pty026
Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials. / Aoki, Kenichiro; Mitsui, Takahisa.
In: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol. 2018, No. 4, 043J01, 01.04.2018.
Aoki, K & Mitsui, T 2018, 'Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials', Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, vol. 2018, no. 4, 043J01. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/pty026
Aoki K, Mitsui T. Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. 2018 Apr 1;2018(4):043J01. doi: 10.1093/ptep/pty026
Aoki, Kenichiro ; Mitsui, Takahisa. / Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials. In: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. 2018 ; Vol. 2018, No. 4.
@article{8aee8f049d0a40cd8aa3b8669ce303bf,
title = "Thermal interface fluctuations of liquids and viscoelastic materials",
abstract = "Spectra of thermal fluctuations of a wide range of interfaces, from liquid/air, viscoelastic material/ air, liquid/liquid to liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces, were measured over a 100 Hz to 10MHz frequency range. The obtained spectra were compared with the fluctuation theory of interfaces, and found to be mostly in quite good agreement, when the theory was generalized to apply to thermal fluctuations of liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces. The loss modulus of viscoelastic materials has been incorporated into the theory, and its effects observed experimentally. The spectra were measured using a system that combines light reflection, statistical noise reduction through averaged correlations, and confocal microscopy. It requires only a small area of the interface (∼1μm2), relatively short times for measurements (≲ few min), and can also be applied to highly viscous materials.",
keywords = "J42, J45",
author = "Kenichiro Aoki and Takahisa Mitsui",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank A. Suzuki for preparing the agarose gel sample. K.A. was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 15K05217) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and a grant from Keio University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Physical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1093/ptep/pty026",
journal = "Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics",
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AU - Aoki, Kenichiro
AU - Mitsui, Takahisa
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank A. Suzuki for preparing the agarose gel sample. K.A. was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 15K05217) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and a grant from Keio University. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Physical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.
N2 - Spectra of thermal fluctuations of a wide range of interfaces, from liquid/air, viscoelastic material/ air, liquid/liquid to liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces, were measured over a 100 Hz to 10MHz frequency range. The obtained spectra were compared with the fluctuation theory of interfaces, and found to be mostly in quite good agreement, when the theory was generalized to apply to thermal fluctuations of liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces. The loss modulus of viscoelastic materials has been incorporated into the theory, and its effects observed experimentally. The spectra were measured using a system that combines light reflection, statistical noise reduction through averaged correlations, and confocal microscopy. It requires only a small area of the interface (∼1μm2), relatively short times for measurements (≲ few min), and can also be applied to highly viscous materials.
AB - Spectra of thermal fluctuations of a wide range of interfaces, from liquid/air, viscoelastic material/ air, liquid/liquid to liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces, were measured over a 100 Hz to 10MHz frequency range. The obtained spectra were compared with the fluctuation theory of interfaces, and found to be mostly in quite good agreement, when the theory was generalized to apply to thermal fluctuations of liquid/viscoelastic material interfaces. The loss modulus of viscoelastic materials has been incorporated into the theory, and its effects observed experimentally. The spectra were measured using a system that combines light reflection, statistical noise reduction through averaged correlations, and confocal microscopy. It requires only a small area of the interface (∼1μm2), relatively short times for measurements (≲ few min), and can also be applied to highly viscous materials.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Unsung Heroes of Tone: The End of an Era
more... Gear • How-Tos • Gigging Advice • Upkeep • Acoustic • Vintage • Acoustic • Fender • Sunn • Acoustic • Amps • Bass Gear • Bass Cabs • Bass Solid State • Bass Tube Heads • Electric Bass • November 2009
Unsung Heroes of Tone: The End of an Era
Acoustic amplifiers are a misnomer. In the '70s, I saw Led Zeppelin at Madison Square Garden. There was an amp onstage I did not recognize. It had the trademark light blue stripe and the big metal knobs. I asked a buddy what it was and was told it was an Acoustic 360 or 370, and John Paul Jones used it. I did not understand why a bassist would use an "acoustic" amp.
The 360 and 370, while being completely different amps, share an amazing commonality, which is the creamy, deep tone that comes out of them. The Acoustic has a wonderful trait: while the tone goes deep, every note is discernable and articulate. Deep does not equal muddy with these amps. A very controlled top end could also be coaxed out of these amps without sounding shrill. In the very early '80s, Acoustic introduced a fabulous series of bass amps culminating in the channel-switching 320 head and model 408 4x15" cabinet. My SVT/Cerwin Vega rig (that I mentioned in a previous article) was sold to purchase this very rig. This amp retained all the goodness of the older series amps, and it was able to stand up to a B00 Stingray. Acoustic amps can still be found on the market for fair money. The little brothers to the 320 head were the 120 and 220, and these can be found reasonably priced. A lot of the older model amps have been around the block and most likely need some service.
Fender had an interesting dilemma. They made the world-class line of basses but never had the world-class bass amp. Their amp line was centered on the Bassman series, which had the Bassman 50 and 135 models, which were piggybacked. The cabinets were huge compared to the wattage of the head, which sounded pretty good with a non-offensive generic tone. Zillions were sold, making them a commercial success, but I personally believe they sold primarily because of the Fender name. The stepchild to the Bassman line was the Bassman 10, which may have been the best amp in the lineup. This amp was not 10 watts, but a 4x10" configuration, emulating the tweed Bassman. Although heavy and clumsy to transport, the size is compact, and the tone was tight and controllable. Like its predecessor, it became a favorite of guitar players. Fender also had a full line of practice amps aimed at the Musicmaster and Mustang crowd. There is really little drawback to a silverface Fender amp: they're reasonably priced, tough as nails and offer reasonable tone. These amps offer major cool guy factor (CGF) for the capital outlay.
Sunn All Who fans raise your hands. In the '70s there was a small city on stage behind John Entwhistle nicknamed Mini-Manhattan. Mini-Manhattan was literally a wall of amplifiers either primarily or totally made by Sunn. Sunn had three primary bass amps: the Coliseum and Concert Bass amps, which were solid state, and the Model T. Sunn amps did a few things other transistor amps did not do: they were reliable for the day, they sounded good, the front ends were robust and you could actually play an Alembic or a T-Bird through them and achieve a nice sonic response. Like the Fender amps, they are reasonably priced, tough as nails and offer reasonable tone. These amps also offer major CGF for the capital outlay.
The Early Modern Era
During the very early '80s, bass amplification changed forever—the auto industry maybe the principal reason. In the early '70s, vehicle sizes were drastically reduced and with fuel prices soaring, the old behemoths faded away. Big amps could not be transported in the new smaller cars that dominated the late '70s onward. The other issue was that some of the components in tubes are not so nice to the human body, and American and Western European production basically ceased. This resulted in two major changes: first, the shift to solid-state technologies; second, the major downsizing of gear. Before this period, combo amps were low-volume applications. The '80s saw the introduction of killer combo amps. The company fully responsible for this was Peavey.
In summer 1982, I walked into Sam Ash and Nabil Goudy, the bass manager, called me over. He pointed to this little amp, a Peavey Combo 300. This was the first amp I ever heard with the modern tone. I purchased that amp and a new B.C. Rich Eagle Bass that was used to demo the amp. I used that amp for twenty years. After that, boutique amplifier manufacturers were springing up. The seeds for GK, SWR and the like were all being planted, and things changed forever.
The Lowdown Wrap-up
There is nothing as cool as a gigantic bass amp played loud enough to blow your pants around. The old stuff requires patience; you'll have downtime and expenses for maintenance. On a player-grade amp, don't shy away from re-coned speakers—expect it. Changed speakers, changed tolex or grille cloth will devalue the amp. Before you drop big bucks on a very rare amp, get it checked! Yes, there are amplifier forgeries or swapped major components. Remember: keep your hands out of the inner workings. Amps can electrocute you.
I hope you enjoyed this series. Until next time, drop the gig bag, bring the cannolis!
Kevin Borden
Kevin Borden has been a bass player since 1975 and is currently the principle and co-owner, with "Dr." Ben Sopranzetti, of Kebo's Bass Works:kebosbassworks.com.
He can be reached at: Kebobass@yahoo.com. Feel free to call him KeBo.
Unsung Heroes of Tone: The SVT Era
Unsung Heroes of Tone: The Early Years
In Search of Uncle Bookie, Part 1
Tone Tips from the Road: The Beauty of DI
The Gibson Thunderbird—One of the Greatest!


Alibaba Global Leadership Academy (AGLA) is a transformational talent development program dedicated to fostering future international leaders of Alibaba and of the new economy.
Follow us on Instagram: Alibaba.agla and Linkedin: Alibaba.agla.
Through job rotations at Alibaba core business units combined with classroom and experiential training, AGLA participants will graduate equipped to serve as Alibaba's global business leaders and cultural ambassadors, linking international markets with what is soon to become the largest economy in the world – China.


text:
module ProtoProcessor::Strategy

  def report
    @report ||= ProtoProcessor::Report.new
  end

  def runner
    @task_runner ||= ProtoProcessor::TaskRunner.new(report)
  end

  def run
    begin
      ProtoProcessor.logger.info "Running strategy #{self.class.name}"
      process
    rescue StandardError => e
      report.fail!(e)
      ProtoProcessor.logger.error e.class.name
      ProtoProcessor.logger.debug e.message + "\n" + e.backtrace.join("\n")
    end
    yield report if block_given?
    report
  end

  def process
    raise NotImplementedError, "You must implement #process in your strategies"
  end

  def with_input(input)
    @current_input = input#.dup # dup so we don't overwrite passed input later on
  end

  def current_input
    @current_input ||= ''
  end

  # === Run a task and update input and report (but don't update options)
  # If passed and array of options, run task for each option hash
  #
  def run_task(task_class, options = nil, &block)
    return false if options.nil?
    run_task_chain([*task_class], options, &block)
  end

  protected

  def run_task_chain(task_classes, options, &block)
    chain_key = task_classes.first.name.split('::').last.to_sym
    @current_input, temp_options, task_report = runner.run_chain(chain_key, task_classes,current_input, options, {}, &block)
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: how to post to facebook wall from android app I am using this method for post on facebook but it return the below response
got response:

{"error":{"message":"(#200) The user hasn't authorized the application
  to perform this action","type":"OAuthException","code":200}}

how to add permission and where? for post.
     public void postOnWall(String msg) {

        Log.d("Tests", "Testing graph API wall post");

         try {

                String response = facebook.request("me");

                Bundle parameters = new Bundle();

                parameters.putString("message", msg);

                parameters.putString("description", "test test test");

                response = facebook.request("me/feed", parameters, "POST");

                Log.d("Tests", "got response: " + response);

                if (response == null || response.equals("") ||
                        response.equals("false")) {
                   Log.v("Error", "Blank response");
               }

         } catch(Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
    }

A: You need to authorize the user with the publish_actions permission. Information and example code can be found in the official docs:

*

*https://developers.facebook.com/docs/android/getting-started

*https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/android/v2.3

*https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/android/permissions
Keep in mind that this will only work for users with a role in the App (Admin, Developer, Tester). In order to go public, you need go through a review process with publish_actions: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/apps/review/login

A: if you haven't done the following things do it.
Go to this link and click on
"Do you want to make this app and all its live features available to the general public?" and set it to on.
secondly, if you have not given contact email , click on
https://developers.facebook.com/apps/1585799774985709/settings/" link and provide a contact email.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home / HEADLINES / Leopard attacks rescue team in Rajsamand village, dies before treatment
Leopard attacks rescue team in Rajsamand village, dies before treatment
Udaipur : A leopard that was injured after being hit by some speeding vehicle on the national highway 8 near Janawad village in Rajsamand district a day ago, died on Thursday. It had reportedly turned aggressive due to the accident and even attacked the rescue team from Udaipur which had gone to tranquilize it. Shooter Satnam SIngh and forest guard Jitendra Singh Devda sustained minor injuries of the wild cat's attack.
According to the authorities, the male leopard which was around 7 years was hit by some vehicle while he was crossing the road. The cat hid inside a nearby field and the owner reported the incident to the forest department. A local team fromJ heelwada went to the location but called for the expert assistance as the animal's behaviour was aggressive. Rescue team led by Shooter Satnam Singh from Udaipur began its operation on Thursday morning around 8 pm. However, before it could be tranquilized, the leopard suddenly jumped over Satnam SIngh and while Devda tried to separate them, the leopard pounced on the latter and injured him with its teeth and nails.
Later the rescue team tranquilized the big cat however, it died on the way to hospital. The autopsy was held by a medical board and the leopard was cremated at the Peeparda nursery later evening.


text:
Jen Z. Rose
Writes engaging copy to inspire growth and change
"I believe the children are the future. You can teach them well, but buddy, you have gotta let them lead the way." —Jack Black
Mental Health Association San Francisco
Ring Them Bells: Behind the Symbol of Mental Health - Mental Health Association San Francisco
If it's a clang, a gong, or a simple low-key chime, have you ever noticed that one way or another the tolling of a bell is a fixture in daily human events? The sound and vibration carries meaning and harkens for an awaited change.
Positive Mental Atttitude
Debunking Mental Health Stigmas
The Patience of Nnimmo Bassey
For the forthcoming Paris Climate Treaty of 2015, Bassey expects "plus ça change, plus c'est la même," roughly translated as "same as it ever was."
Dollars to Donuts and New Deals
The activist group Extinction Rebellion's human roadblocks brought London traffic to a standstill in early February. In the US, Climate Silence and the Climate Mobilization Project continue to mobilize citizens to "cancel the apocalypse." Meanwhile, several of the Democratic contenders have signed onto the Green New Deal framework - projects which are estimated to take trillions of dollars.
Berkeley Science Review
From Noise to Signal
A seismic hum and what it could mean for the Earth Sciences community.
Women's Environmental Network
Tending the Career Flame During a Pandemic - Women's Environmental Network
Can you grow your career in a global pandemic? WEN put this question to the test recently at its late August event. Proving you can't keep a group of good women down, the event created a groundswell of energy that led to hundreds of new LinkedIn connections, a Slack channel with hot job leads, and a handful of potential new business collaborations.
Answering California's Call for Mental Health Services
Within months of the stay-at-home orders last March, the mask of civil society slipped. By September, it became clear that although we may all be in the same storm, we are not all in the same boat.
Alternatives Journal: Canada's Environmental Voice
Carbon Capture — The First May Not be the Last
In the race to remove the trillion tons of excess carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, the treatments we choose for this problem ought to at least be slightly better than the problem itself.
Khoros Atlas
Lithium Look-Back: Social Media Strategies Summit - Atlas
Social Media Marketing: Promises, Promises More than a decade into the come-of-age story of social media marketing, we're starting to see signs of maturity. Yet, social still isn't delivering on its biggest promises. According to a survey taken in 2016, only 15% of CMOs report a positive and measurable impact of social.
An eclipse used to cause a shitshow down on Earth. Vikings yelled to frighten away demon dogs that had been sent by Loki to feed upon the Sun and Moon. People bashed pots and pans together to scare Rahu, an Indian god. The Ojibwe shot flaming arrows at the Sun to reignite the pilot light.
Full-Frontal Feminism
Valerie Stunning on business, stigma and violence, and freedom
WEN'S Top Hacks to Inequity and Other Distempers - Women's Environmental Network
Against the backdrop of an unfolding public health crisis, you might say WEN's Hackathon 2.0 was a historic event. Hundreds of handwashings and perhaps even more Zoom calls later, we can see now how exceptional the timing was.
Pension System Balks at Calls to Divest from Fossil Fuels
While the San Francisco Board of Supervisors has voted unanimously since 2013 for full divestment from fossil fuels, the San Francisco Employees Retirement System (SFERS) has postponed its decision, even in the face of dismal returns. SFERS is now accused of "dithering" on the financial challenges of climate change.
Banking on Seeds: Rare, Diverse, and Endangered
When National Geographic Magazine reported that about 94% of the world's vegetable seeds circa 1903 are now missing from the Earth, Taggart Siegel and Jon Betz promptly started work on a feature-length documentary about the seed saving movement.
Remember These? A Look Back at Pollution Public Service Announcements
As a lead in to the Independent Lens premiere of What Lies Upstream , which is an exposé about what led to a major source of water becoming poisoned after a disastrous chemical spill and the government's response thereto, take a trip down memory lane to look at how we used to warn people about pollution, chemicals, and other environmental hazards.
JR and Agnès
During the riots in Clichy-sous-Bois outside Paris, JR was an 18- year-old street artist dodging fines for wheat pasting on buildings. Now 15 years later, the low profile JR keeps stays small in proportion to his growing body of work; he still will not be photographed, filmed, or interviewed without the signature dark glasses and a hat.
Games for the Wise to Make Merry & Bright - Women's Environmental Network
There's something so right about a simple kitchen cluster when baby, it's cold outside. If goodwill is in the air and you feel it everywhere, the winter holidays can't be far away, right? Should you want to organize your guests this year, we offer a short list of 5 climate-related ideas for your consideration.
Dan Pink: How Teachers Can Sell Love of Learning to Students
So how do educators help kids become problem-finders when they don't know what the problem is or where the next one might be coming from? "A lot of people hate this word but I think we have to take it seriously, which is relevance," Pink said.
What Can 135 Million Video Gamers Add to Our Collective IQ?
Flickr:Blakespot By Jennie Rose An estimated 135 million people play video games, spending three billion hours a week glued to a screen. But that's not necessarily bad news. In fact, playing video games may be part of an evolutionary leap forward, according to Howard Rheingold, educator and author of the book Net Smart: How to Thrive Online.
Can Kids Be Taught Persistence?
Flickr:Miish By Jennie Rose In his new book How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character, author Paul Tough makes the case that persistence and grit are the biggest indicators of student success. Being resilient against failure, he says, is the fundamental quality we should be teaching kids, and he gives examples of where that's being done.
50th Anniversary of DNA
A survey of the trivial, the provocative and the outright revolutionary since the discovery of the double helix.
A Beautiful Perspective
Can fashion find its moral fiber?
It takes 2,700 liters of water to grow the cotton for one "Nevertheless, She Persisted" or "We Should All be Feminists" T-shirt, often sewn by a worker making just a few dollars per day. "Let's take a look at where that T-shirt was made. Where are the rights of the woman at the other end?"
The First Rule of Suicide
September brings the end of summer vacation and the equally sobering National Suicide Prevention Awareness Month. I wanted to write a suicide myth-buster, but from a mental health standpoint, it's a tough subject. Social stigma doesn't make it any easier.


Stunning New Custom Home In Camas!! Amazing location & Schools. Walking distance to Prune Hill Elementary. Endless upgrades including Green Technology for energy efficiency. Open floor plan w/lots of light! Vaulted ceilings, hardwood floors throughout main. Upgraded Gourmet kitchen w/ beautiful quartz counters & island. Gas fire in family room. 4bed + Large bonus room. Perfectly placed in cul-de sac, backs to green space. DONT MISS OUT!
This content last updated on 4/21/19 11:10 AM PDT. Some properties which appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have sold or may no longer be available.


A child is not an adult. Even if we ignore recent research that concludes human brain development continues well into our 20s, there is long-held support that teenage brains are developing throughout adolescence.
When a crime is committed – particularly a horrifically violent crime – district attorneys seem hell-bent on charging children as adults. Alex Hribal, the 16 year-old knife-wielding student who attacked classmates and a security guard at a Pennsylvania high school last week, has been charged as an adult with four counts of attempted murder and 21 counts of aggravated assault.
But a 16 year-old is not an adult, and pressing charges as an adult does not change this fact. We don't yet live in some Orwellian world in which two plus two equals five. Calling a child an adult does not – in fact – transform the child into an adult.
The idea behind the propensity to charge violent teens as adults is presumably to ensure that the perpetrator of the crime doesn't get off easy, the way he might in a juvenile court. Sometimes this gets taken to extremes that most would find preposterous: in 2011, a 12-year old in Florida was charged as an adult for murder (a plea deal was reached last year that will keep him in a juvenile facility until he's 19 years old).
If the concern is that juvenile courts are too lenient on violent offenders, then it would seem that juvenile courts need to change, but as this is probably a monumental task, prosecutors take the easy way out by - in effect - changing the definition of an adult. But if a 16 year-old truly has the faculties of an adult, then you can't change the definition simply to suit your own needs: you have to go all the way. A 16 year-old should then be able to smoke, drink, defend his country, participate as a juror, vote, create contracts, live independently of parental control, sue and make a will.
Would you like to stand trial before a jury of twelve 16-year-olds? How about appear in court against a lawsuit filed by a 16 year-old?
Perhaps then, we shouldn't be so quick to raise the ante by zealously charging a child whose brain is still wiring itself. It could be argued that the age that defines adulthood is somewhat arbitrary and that some leeway should be given to prosecutors to determine whether or not a child has matured to the extent required to be considered an adult. But that's not how the courts work in any other circumstance. One cannot stand before a judge and argue that he should be allowed to smoke as a 16 year-old because he's more mature than his peers.
If the goal is to ensure that a lengthy sentence be achieved, then why stop at charging Alex Hribal as an adult? Why not charge him as a black man? That ought to put him away for a long time. According to one study, black men serve jail sentences that are twenty percent longer than white men for the same crime.
But black is not white. Adults are not children. Two plus two does not equal five.


Syracuse : Syracuse University Press, 2008.
"Norman O. Keim and David Marc provide a highly readable and richly detailed account of the origins of American film in Central New York, the colorful history of neighborhood theaters in Syracuse, and the famous film personalities who got their start in the unlikely snow belt of New York State."--Inside jacket.
Motion pictures -- New York (State) -- History.
Motion picture theaters -- New York (State) -- History.
xix, 181 pages, 12 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 27 cm.
Cinema figures with links to central and upstate New York : a biographical dictionary.
Norman O. Keim ; with David Marc.
Add tags for "Our movie houses : a history of film & cinematic innovation in Central New York". Be the first.
schema:isPartOf <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/321818479#Series/television_and_popular_culture> ; # Television and popular culture.
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/321818479#Series/television_and_popular_culture> # Television and popular culture.


text:
Swiftsure Drywall has been proudly serving the Greater Victoria community since 1991. Specializing in comprehensive drywall services for commercial and residential projects of all sizes, Swiftsure's services also include steel stud, insulation, and acoustic ceilings. Known for our attention to detail, efficient customer service and fair prices, Swiftsure Drywall welcomes inquiries and opportunities to respond to a request for tender or to provide an estimate for your project.
Located in the growing and vibrant Westshore community, Swiftsure Drywall employs a talented and committed team of 100 employees – some of whom have worked for the company since its inception. Over the past 30 years, Swiftsure has not only built a solid, experienced and loyal team, we also pride ourselves on providing opportunities for mentorship to individuals who are interested in expanding and honing their skills while learning from the experts in a trade that continues to grow and flourish.
We are always hiring! Call us today at (250) 478-0707.
Swiftsure Drywall
RPO Westshore
Victoria, BC V9B 6K8
swiftsuredrywall2@shaw.ca
Copyright © 2023 Swiftsure Drywall | Powered by Swiftsure Drywall


MIDIFIRE - Device Names. Cannot read long device names?
is there another way to view the device name in Midifire?
Long device names are abbreviated and don't appear in full in any view it seems.
For example I attached a Launchpad pro that has 4 ports and it's hard to distinguish which is which. None of the modules appear to display the full name even though I've tried tapping in the device name box.
Also the 'Top' & 'Bottom' links in the in-app help pages actually close the help box.
Yes, it's a known issue. What it should do is truncate long names in the middle so you can see the start/end of each port and be able to distinguish them.
On iOS devices, if you have dynamic type set to anything larger than the middle this falls to pieces and you don't see the end.
- cemented the size of the menu text so it behaves as intended.
- you will now be able to see (and customise) the full name of a port when dropped onto the canvas.
Is there a 'known issues' thread or post you can direct me to so that I'm not duplicating anything in future?
I hope to have 1.10 ready for beta testing by the end of the week which will include that (and other) fixes. If you'd like to get beta access, just PM me and I will add you in when I start the next round.
Sent you my TestFlight email in PM.


Heminger's memo includes a table of "Bills Introduced Related to CASA to Date" that ties each measure to an Element in the CASA Compact.
We anticipate that each of the ten items of the CASA Compact will eventually be reflected in some form prior to the initial February 22 bill introduction deadline, either as a substantive or a placeholder 'spot' bill….At this early stage, SB 50 (Wiener) is the only bill substantive enough to warrant taking a position. Staff anticipates returning to this committee in February with a recommendation on the bill.
Heminger did not note what I reported in the first installment of the CASA story: MTC paid Estolano LeSar Perez, the consultantcy co-owned by Atkins' wife, Jennifer LeSar, $450,000 to facilitate CASA's proceedings.
Nor did he mention that on the evening of January 17, he would go before the Executive Board of the Association of Bay Area Governments asking that body to follow MTC's lead and authorize its president (in MTC's case, chair) to sign the CASA compact but not to approve the document itself.
It's notable that no legislator has introduced a bill to authorize the establishment of the new regionwide entity, the Regional Housing Enterprise. As envisioned in CASA Element 10, that agency would be authorized to levy new taxes, incur debt, buy and sell land, and impose zoning across the Bay Area. My hunch is that such a bill has been drafted, and that it will be introduced only after ABAG President and Napa County Supervisor David Rabbit has signed the compact.
That is, if he signs the compact. CASA's "legislative package" has come in for heavy criticism from equity advocates and from Livable California, a barely-year-old, Bay Area-based organization of elected and community leaders whose self-described mission is to "to support local community planning and decisionmaking with the goal of an equitable and sustainable future for California." Dubbing CASA a "coup," Livable California is organizing critics of the compact to attend the ABAG Executive Board's January 17 meeting and ask the board not to authorize its president to sign the document.
Sounds a lot like the Regional Housing Enterprise. The regional housing department would be staffed by Bay Area Metro (MTC/ABAG) "or third-party housing development economists experienced in market rate housing development finance and construction modeling." Developers, but not cities, would have the right to appeal their rulings to an appointed "Housing Impositions Appeals Board." Watch to see if legislation introduced by Scott Wiener, David Chiu, Nancy Skinner, Jerry Hill, or other members of the Bay Area Caucus authorizes the creation of a body with this sort of upfront regulatory authority.
The Bay Area Council's influence on CASA is unsurprising, given the Council's close ties with many CASA members. In 1993, Heminger came to MTC from BAC, where he'd spent three years as Vice President for Transportation Issues. He sat on the BACEI Steering Committee that oversaw the preparation of the Roadmap. He also sits on the BACEI Board. So does CASA co-chair Michael Covarrubias, who in 2015-2017 chaired the Council Board.
The CASA Technical Committee's Production Working Group is co-chaired by TMG Partners Partner and Berkeley Zoning Adjustments Board member Denise Pinkston. She recently finished a two-year stint co-chairing the BAC Housing Committee, an assignment that, according to her LinkedIn page, involved drafting and lobbying state housing bills and briefing legislators and "executives." On CASA, Pinkston represents the Bay Area Council.
Originated at the Bay Area Council, the CASA compact addresses issues that the BAC's Roadmap, obsessed with promoting development, conspicuously ignores: protecting tenants and providing affordable housing. How well it addresses those issues is another matter. Let's begin with CASA's treatment of tenants, the subject of the compact's first three Elements.
To "[e]nsure that all Bay Area tenants are protected from arbitrary evictions," a "regionwide policy" would "requir[e] landlords to cite specific 'just causes' (both fault and no-fault) for termination of tenancy, such a failure to pay rent or violation of lease terms." Landlords would be required "to provide relocation assistance for covered o-fault" evictions where tenants have been in occupancy for at least twelve months, "except in cases where the owner is moving into the unit." More restrictive local ordinances would still apply.
If rent has declined or if landlord has not increased rents for several consecutive years, landlords should be able to bank those unused rent increases for 3-5 years. When drawing upon banked rent increases, landlords should not be allowed to increase rents more than 10-15% annually.
More broadly, Lord asked why should a just-cause eviction policy, emergency rent assistance, and access to legal counsel be limited to the Bay Area? And why should any of these be tethered to a new "regional housing entity"?
Other elements in the compact seek legislation for policies to be implemented throughout California, as reflected in the bills introduced in the Legislature on December 3 that are listed above. To date, however, nobody has introduced legislation that would specifically create a just cause eviction policy, an emergency rent assistance program, or tenants' access to legal counsel, whether targeted at our region or the whole state.
In a letter dated December 19, addressed to MTC Commissioner and Union City Mayor Carol Dutra-Vernaci, and published in the Berkeley Daily Planet, Berkeley Mayor Jesse Arreguín applauded in principle the establishment of a region-wide just cause eviction policy, a regional rent cap, and regional funding for the legal representation of tenants but raised cogent questions about the compact's rendering of these policies. None of the three Elements, he noted, clearly indicate how their provisions are going to be enforced.
Allowing no-fault evictions for cases of when a unit is "unsafe for habitation" or for "demolition/substantial rehabilitation" creates an incentive for property owners to leave units in neglect in order to evict tenants and charge higher rental prices. Even in Berkeley, which has strong eviction and rent controls, we have seen this occur. If a property is red-tagged and is unsafe for habitation, that is a reasonable cause for eviction. However, if a unit is in disrepair and needs to be renovated, should that be grounds for permanent eviction, or should the tenant be entitled to relocation protections?
Exempting "single owner-occupied residences including when the owner-occupant rents or leases 2 units" is problematic in cases where owners rent rooms in a home or have ADUs on the property. While owner-occupied properties are different from large multi-unit buildings, since the tenant resides close to the owner, in many cities many of the units are in smaller properties, including owner-occupied properties. This exemption would leave a significant number of renters without eviction protections. While owner-move in evictions should be allowed, the Compact specifies no minimum requirement for how long the property must be occupied by the owner in order to maintain the exemption from eviction controls.
It is unclear what the rationale is for denying eviction protections to tenants unless they have lived in their rental for at least twelve months.
I think a regional rent cap is an important protection in those cities that do not have rent control policies. However, setting the rent cap at CPI + 5% may result in a large rent increase when the initial rent is set at market [rate]. For tenants on fixed incomes or who cannot afford the rising cost of living, this may result in displacement. A rent cap of a fixed percentage or at CPI is a more reasonable policy.
Regional funding for legal representation is essential to balance the scales between tenants and landlords and to prevent unfair displacement. However, I believe that funding for representation should not be limited to just defense against eviction but should also fund enforcement of the other protection elements: just cause and enforcement of rent caps, in addition to enforcement of other state and local landlord/tenant laws. This is an important amendment to ensure the enforceability of Compact Elements # 1 and # 2.
I have very mixed feelings about loose rent limits like 10% per year or the Terner Center CPI + 5%, especially when combined with vacancy decontrol. The big landlords don't mind this at all, because they normally raise the rent every year to what the market will bear, monitoring the tenant and prospective tenant response to the increases as they go along. So they get their 50% increases gradually, over 5 or 10 years.
Major increases are most likely after sale of a property by a good landlord, someone who wants stable tenants and a quiet life with a decent rather than maximum income and so keeps the rents down on current tenants, usually a landlord on the smaller side (under 50 units?). After they sell at a high price the new owner often needs higher rents to be profitable or just has a different business plan and wants to maximize revenue.
So it's true that keeping the increases to a maximum of 10% per year would at least enable those affected tenants to hang in there longer while looking for another place, but ultimately it's not going to keep them from being displaced, because the rent will continue to increase at 10% per year until reaching the maximum.
Extending the relocation payment requirement from no-cause evictions to also cover tenants who have received high rent increases, like over 15% in a two-year period might be a useful addition.
worr[ies] that having an "emergency rent increase cap"…will just give people the illusion of doing something and undercut efforts to extend rent stabilization and get something useful out of the promises of Costa-Hawkins "reform" that were used to undermine Prop 10.
In fact, the tenants advocates on the CASA Technical Committee wanted the compact to include a proposal for rent control and rent stabilization. Their recommendation was voted down—no surprise, given CASA's landlord-developer-friendly makeup.
Other signers included the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment, the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, Causa Justa: Just Cause, the Council of Community Housing Organizations, East Bay Housing Organizations, Enterprise Community Partners, the Northern California Land Trust, Policy Link, Public Advocates, Urban Habitat, and tenants unions of Oakland, San Francisco, and Santa Cruz.
Preservation: Take over 25,500 homes occupied by and affordable to low-income renter off the speculative market and preserve over 11,100 expiring deed-restricted units by adopting incentives and requirements and generating $500 million/year for 10 years.
Production: Meet the region's need for 13,000 new affordable homes per year by adopting incentive and requirements and closing the $1.4 billion yearly housing gap.
Solutions are appropriately tailoredby geography to reflect the varying experiences of low-income residents in different communities.
Solutions engage disadvantaged communities and advance community priorities.
How do the compact's allocations line up with the ones proposed by the equity advocates? For tenant protections, they fall short. The letter asks for $400 million a year; the compact designates up to 10 percent of an annual $2.5 billion budget, or $250 million a year, for tenant protection services.
But the compact's allocations are slippery. Besides the ambiguous "up to"s, what exactly is meant by "subsidized housing"? How does that differ from "affordable housing"? And what does "affordable housing" itself mean? Affordable to whom?
California public officials typically define affordable housing as housing that's available to households earning up to 80 percent of the Area Median Income or AMI. The Bay Area has several HUD-defined "Fair Market Rent Areas." In the Area that encompasses Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties, the 2018 definition of 80 percent AMI for a four-person household was an annual income of $94,700.
The CASA compact draws no such distinctions: it never acknowledges the discrepancy between the official definition of affordability and the facts on the ground in the Bay Area. And while the Compact asserts the need to "build more housing at all income levels while protecting tenant and low-income communities from unjust evictions and displacement" (Preamble), the only income levels it explicitly supports in connection with housing production are those above 80 percent AMI (Element #7).
This is part two of a series on CASA.


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Ceasefire violated by Pak along LoC to provide cover to infiltrating militants: IG BSF
Srinagar, Dec 2: Ceasefire was being violated by Pakistan along the Line of Control to provide cover to militants infiltrating into Jammu and Kashmir, a senior BSF officer said on Monday.
Inspector General BSF Ajmal Singh was speaking to reporters on the sidelines of a function here
"Whenever there is infiltration, there is firing from the Pakistani side. The purpose of ceasefire violation is to facilitate infiltration but our forces are alert to ensure that there is no infiltration," he said.
Singh said there was no connection between the abrogation of provisions of Article 370 that provided special status to Jammu and Kashmir and the increase in ceasefire violations following the Centre''s move on August 5. "The situation along the border is fine and the ceasefire violations by Pakistan have no connection with the abrogation. This has been going on for many years now," he said.
Singh said infiltration had reduced by a large extent but the launch pads across the Line of Control were active as militants were waiting to sneak in.
"We do not have the exact figures of how many militants are there at the launching pads (on other side of Line of Control) but militants are there at these launching pads. They keep on making attempts to sneak in," he added.
On the troops'' movement in Jammu and Kashmir, Singh said "induction and de-induction of forces is a normal process, this has been happening at the time of elections etc".
"The situation (in Kashmir) is normal, there is peace. There is no encounter or bloodshed, this is evident to all," he added.
Asked about militants reverting to use of satellite phones for communicating with their handlers in recent months to avoid interception, Singh said it did not matter as the forces are capable of dealing with them and ready to do it. "Use of satellite phones by militants is nothing new. We also have satellite phones and we also use them. We have the systems to intercept whichever system (of communication) they might use. India has more technology than Pakistan," he said.


Dr. Eliezer Monge was arrested for having inappropriate contact with a female patient. According to Farmington police, the patient was a teenager.
Monge has an office in downtown Farmington, and the 18 year old victim is also from Farmington. He was charged with battery and assault after he touched the patient in his exam room. He asked her to lie on her back on the table, and then proceeded to touch her in inappropriate ways that made her uncomfortable, said the police.
The victim also reported to the police that Monge tried to kiss her on the lips after he tried to help her off the table. But because she turned away, the kiss on the mouth was avoided. Instead, he kissed her open mouthed on the side of her neck.
Monge denied the allegations when the investigation was going on, but the Michigan State Police crime lab found evidence. DNA samples taken from the victim's neck matched Monge's own DNA. He now has to pay a $2,500 personal bond. On Friday, he was arraigned on the misdemeanor charge.
This complaint and/or review was posted on HolySmoke.org on 05:45 am, August 18, 2017 (CST) and is a permanent record located at: https://www.holysmoke.org/bad-business/dr-eliezer-monge/.
The reviews & complaints posted about Dr. Eliezer Monge was submitted by a member or guest on this website. Any and all opinions and information are published as is. HolySmoke.org does not edit or remove any aspect of the report and is simply a consumer grievance free-speech platform. As such, HolySmoke.org cannot be held liable for the complaints and reviews posted about Dr. Eliezer Monge as per Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act.


One of the most important goals every student should have is to become an autonomous, self-sufficient learner, who can continue learning and improving for their whole life. As a result, this website aim is to help students and other aspirants to learn independently, taking advantage of the many wonderful resources available. A fantastic example of these resources is the Three Language Dictionary dictionary. So a dictionary help you to develop good learning habits for your future. To Download the dictionary click on the download link provided at the bottom.


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Home > Patient & Family Stories > Family Ties: Daughter Forms Close-Knit Bond With Father Through Use of Hospice Care
Family Ties: Daughter Forms Close-Knit Bond With Father Through Use of Hospice Care
Growing up on a farm in rural North Dakota as one of six children, Lori Goering pitched in to help wherever she could. As one of only two daughters in the family, Lori often found herself tackling household chores like cooking and cleaning while her four brothers tended to the fields, cattle and horses alongside her father, Robert.
Given the many hours Lori's brothers spent with their dad they naturally forged a close relationship with him as they grew. It wasn't until much later in life that Lori truly bonded with her dad while she cared for him as he neared the end of his life.
Lori with her father, Robert
In January 2014, Robert became quite ill leading to multiple stays in the hospital, several blood transfusions and eventually the discovery of a rare form of cancer. Because of Robert's age, 82, and where the cancer was positioned—in between the small and large intestines—Robert's doctor believed that surgery and other treatments would most likely be unsuccessful.
So as a family, Robert, his children and his wife gathered and discussed next steps. "We talked to him about quality of life instead of quantity," Lori said. Robert's cancer was terminal, and after the conversation with his family, he decided he would spend his final weeks at home, comfortable. He would have preferred to go to his home near Osnabrock/Langdon area in his last days, but he was too weak to make the trip back home.
"The doctor suggested calling in Hospice," Lori explained. "Dad made the decision to stay with me and my husband at our home in Fargo. We had the space, and he loved being here with us. I think that was God's way of saying, this is your time with your dad." It was an easy decision for Robert to choose to stay with Lori, especially since Hospice was so readily available in Fargo. This also gave Robert the opportunity to spend precious time with his wife, children, grandchildren, siblings and extended family and friends.
Robert was discharged from the hospital and started hospice care in March 2014. "Hospice reacted so quickly when we finally made the decision to begin hospice care. From the time of the hospital discharge to our house was about three hours, and in that time Hospice had already been here and had all the equipment ready to go," Lori said. "And then they came back the next day to see if there were any additional supplies we needed." When a decision is made to begin hospice care, immediately that time and those hours become precious.
For Lori and her family, it was a relief to be able to keep her dad out of the hospital and instead stay home where they could truly make the most of the time they had left with him. "Having Hospice here was wonderful because everything seemed so comfortable. My family and I understood how lucky we were to have Hospice and to spend that time with dad," she shared. "Dad was kept comfortable the whole time."
In addition to managing Robert's pain and symptoms, the personal cares provided by Hospice of the Red River Valley CNA, Jerry, and the support of registered nurses like Jay, were much appreciated by Lori and her family. "We had someone come in almost every day to bathe dad. Just to have someone else come in and get him washed up every day, to kind of give me a break, was super," Lori said. "Dad absolutely loved Jerry; he was awesome."
On Robert's third night under the care of Hospice, he was so weak that it was hard to get him up and to the bathroom, especially the multiple times he needed to go. During one such trip to the bathroom, Lori could feel her dad losing his footing. Unable to hold him up herself, she gently laid him on the floor instead of risking a fall. Lori immediately called Hospice of the Red River Valley Registered Nurse Jay for assistance. When Jay arrived, he was able to help Robert to his feet. "I was so thankful Jay was able to come during the middle of the night."
Lori was familiar with many of the services Hospice offered because her husband's family had experienced hospice care many years earlier. But one aspect of hospice she didn't anticipate was the support for caregivers like her. "There was one day, a Hospice staff member wanted to sit and talk with me specifically. She wanted to know if I had concerns when the time came and dad did die. I had thought about it, but I hadn't shared it with anybody," Lori shared. "She really put my mind at ease by helping me understand what I could expect. She even told me how he would act the closer he got to that time. That was good for me because when he did start acting a certain way, I had been forewarned."
The two short weeks Robert received hospice care were especially precious to Lori because with each act of love she showed her dad—personal cares, dinners, so on—her relationship with her sweet, funny and loving father grew stronger. "I feel like I learned a lot about how to care for my dad from Hospice," Lori explained.
Robert enjoying lutefisk
Even her emotional connection with her father grew through sharing past memories like the shenanigans the kids got into on the farm, and relishing new moments together, including enjoying Robert's favorite meal—a traditional Nordic dish, lutefisk. "There was a lot of visiting done when he was here. We had a lot of food. He came up with the funniest stories, and we laughed a lot," Lori shared with a smile. "I also learned how strong he really was and that he wasn't afraid to die."
"Hospice is not scary at all. I think there are a lot of misconceptions about hospice care. You think when you call in Hospice you are at the end, that's it," she said. "That was one thing I learned from Hospice staff, if dad would have gotten better, he could have went off of Hospice. Hospice isn't a death sentence."
Robert always loved people so sharing his final weeks with loved ones and visitors was the perfect ending to his life story. "We had so much company. To have people coming to see him and doting on him, he was basically in heaven. He said his goodbyes to everyone, and those who weren't here, he wanted to call. He was still cognitively 'there,' and he knew what was happening. He was at peace with everything," Lori remembered.
"I feel so blessed and privileged to have been able to care for my dad. Hospice truly is a wonderful organization that has so much compassion and caring and wonderful people! To have Hospice in such a sensitive time of one's life is truly a blessing," she said. "They were such a help. There was always follow up, which was awesome. We were all thankful that dad led a very good life. This experience taught us all a lot about life, humanity and love."
About Hospice of the Red River Valley
In 1981, Hospice of the Red River Valley was founded on the fundamental belief that everyone deserves access to high-quality end-of-life care. We fulfill our nonprofit mission by providing medical, emotional, personal and spiritual care, as well as grief support to our patients, their families and caregivers during a tender time in life. Our staff helps those we serve experience more meaningful moments through exceptional hospice care, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, wherever a patient calls home. Spread across more than 50,000 square miles in North Dakota and Minnesota, Hospice of the Red River Valley offers round-the-clock availability via phone, prompt response times and same-day admissions, including evenings, weekends and holidays. Contact us anytime at 800-237-4629 or hrrv.org.
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Promoting retirement savings: an investment in our future
As originally appearing in The New Hampshire Business Review
By James T. Brett
Each year, millions of Americans carefully save their hard-earned dollars in retirement savings accounts like 401(k)s or IRAs with dreams of a secure retirement. The federal tax code provides them with important incentives to do so.
Under existing tax rules, individuals are allowed to contribute to these accounts on a pre-tax basis – up to certain limits – and can defer tax on the earnings while they accumulate. Not only do these tax incentives help assure a secure retirement, but the increased savings also provide the capital necessary to stimulate economic growth and job creation.
Much of the "cost" of retirement tax incentives to the federal government is recouped over time, because taxes on retirement savings are merely deferred until these accounts are drawn on for retirement. The moment these tax-deferred nest eggs are tapped for retirement income, they are subject to taxation as ordinary income.
There has been much discussion in Washington about reforming our federal tax code and reducing the federal deficit. It is imperative that Congress carefully examine the ultimate costs of policy options that might be presented as "reasonable solutions," but in reality, could have devastating long-term unintended consequences.
Reducing tax incentives for retirement savings falls into that category. Many small-business owners offer retirement plans to their employees because it is a convenient add-on to their own retirement accounts, but reducing retirement incentives may act as a major disincentive to these same small-business owners to offer such plans, leaving millions of additional low and moderate income workers with no access to a workplace plan. Reforming our tax code and restoring America's fiscal health are important goals, but we should not be tempted by "reforms" that will have negative repercussions for years to come.
Incentives for saving – whether in 401(k) plans, IRAs or a variety of other private retirement plans – encourage individual financial self-sufficiency. The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College reports that the percentage of pre-retirement income replaced by Social Security stood at nearly 39 percent in 2004. By 2030, it is expected to drop to about 29 percent.
At the same time, the demographics aren't forgiving. Every day, some 7,000 baby boomers hit retirement age, and over the next 20 years, the number of Americans over 65 will increase dramatically – from 40 million to over 70 million.
And people are living longer. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the average life expectancy rose from 69.7 years in 1960 to 77.9 years in 2007. The increasing longevity of Americans will require adequate financial resources to meet post-retirement needs.
Given these realities, policymakers in Washington should focus on policies that make it easier – not harder – to save for retirement.
A financially secure retirement is a dream for all Americans, and it is one that the federal government should encourage. Not only will individuals benefit, but the nation as a whole will benefit in the long run. A tax code that encourages saving for the future is an investment that will pay enormous dividends in our future.
James T. Brett is president and CEO of The New England Council.
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