Then, using your Google Docs, write a 350 word essay why the people featured in the episode are considered "Pioneers of Television." Make sure and use quotes and specific examples from the video. This essay is due Monday, March 13 BOP. It is to be turned in to the google classroom.


This is an example of the impact that early seed stage investment can have on a community. At an event last week, Cincinnati's CincyTech reported that the $25.5 million it had invested in 59 portfolio companies had produced a total investment of $507 million for those enterprises. Twenty-to-one is a pretty good ROI. Read about it here.


According to the latest WHO data published in 2017 Cervical Cancer Deaths in Malawi reached 2,112 or 1.54% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is 48.45 per 100,000 of population ranks Malawi #2 in the world. Review other causes of death by clicking the links below or choose the full health profile.


Unreleased project from smooth Chi-Town songstress Tanya White (AKA Freckles). She is mostly known for her song Dance With Me which made some minor waves on the music scene in 2002 but her debut CD Does It Really Matter was shortly shelved despite being as good, if not better, than similar stuff released at the time and featured production from Jazze Pha and recognition from fellow Chicago musician and mentor R.Kelly (you can definitely hear his influence on such tracks as Doesn't Really Matter and In My Room.) I don't know why it went unreleased but a failed venture by Universal to buy the independent label she was signed to may or may not have had something to do with it. There's not much information about her anywhere but she later went on to pen songs for Janet Jackson (Thinkin' 'Bout My Ex), Mya (Take A Picture) and many others.
Along with Kiley Dean's album, here is yet another full-length project from Timbaland that went unreleased back in the day. Mostly produced in conjunction with Jodeci's Donald DeGrate, this album is one of his earliest works and pretty much recorded at a time before he became known to the world as "Timbaland." Also starting out in her career was the then-unknown Melissa Elliott who was then going by the name "Misdemenor."
Another old skool duo from the late 90s, this time hailing from Clinton, Maryland. Mostly influenced by New Jack Swing, their music is very reminiscent of the early 90s. Like Zephyra, it seems that it was recorded some time before it was actually released. Not much is known about them or the people involved but tracks 2 and 5 use samples from Groove Me and Goodbye Love by 80s R&B group Guy.
Continuing on with the old skool, here is a further self-released EP from the late 90s. The trio, composed of all sisters, won first place on the TV talent show Showtime At The Apollo and later went on to open for Monica and Brandy on their East Coast tours. Despite being released at a time when R&B music was beginning to take on a drastically different direction, the sound of this EP is rooted firmly in the old skool. Let Me Find Out is pure New Jack Swing while the remainder of the disc is smooth 90s R&B at its best. Sadly this is the only thing that they ever did but the lead singer Elan Noelle remains active in the music biz.
Another quite obscure R&B artist from St. Louis, MO. Sadly I don't know anything about her but she appears to be produced by Bobby Crawford of the male vocal group Ol' Skool. Featuring 3 full tracks and 3 snippets of other songs, the sound is predominantly late 90s smooth R&B and with Bobby Crawford's velvety smooth backing vocals, the sound is very similar to Ol' Skool themselves. Sadly her full-length album is almost impossible to find.
Another obscure trio, this time out of Tamarac, FL and a combination of modern soul and early 2000s throwback R&B. The group was put together by Charles Walker (a keyboardist and former member of early 2000s rhythm and blues band the Charles Walker Blues Band*) and modeled after legendary groups such as The Emotions and The Temptations rather than pop groups such as Destiny's Child and TLC. This appears to be the only thing that they ever did and was once available to purchase on CDBaby but has long since been discontinued. They no longer appear to be active though one of the members Christal has since gone solo and is carrying on the same concept with her own LP, which is available to purchase here.
~Thanks again to Nik from R&B-Music-You-Never-Knew for the heads up on this.
*Simply a guess and maybe not fact.


text:
Q: Should I code a custom class for my template? I am looking into the feasibility of using Latex to write reports. The reports which I generally write are quite repetitive and only really include small changes, such as an address, zone rules, predictions, etc.
What I was hoping to do was basically hoping to achieve is the ability to do something along the lines of defining a class (which has rather set wording and structure) and then input the necessary information such as address, etc. So I imagine it would looks something along the lines of...
\documentclass(report_centre_type1)

\address(123 some st)

\zonerules(thiszone)

etc...

There would be a rather large number inputs, but the basic idea is the wording would be change within the template at the relevant places.... ie.

Text text text blah blah blah [address]. blah blah blah text [zone].
New section(thiszone)
if(thiszone) text text text, image, table, etc.
if(thatzone) text text text, image, etc.

Hopefully that makes sense, I am just having trouble finding a tutorial for achieving this, and I may be going down the wrong path in trying to define a class for this, rather than perhaps just utilising an existing class and creating functions with the required inputs?
Any help pointing me in the right direction would be much appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BIG YAM, The Parsons Agency is a fiercely competitive, marketing-savvy collective that is in business for the irrefutable success of our clients' brands. We do this with talent and expertise in brand development. We follow through with bold creative. As an agency, we operate at the intersection of traditional and interactive. Our digital marketing skills are vast and include strategy, front-end, back-end and app development. We are fully versed in today's ever-evolving media landscapes. Above all else, we are the experts who deliver fearless results.


Golf is a wonderful way of life in Bella Vista, Arkansas. The Inn offers our guests the use of six (6) 18 hole golf courses and a nine hole executive course. Golfers will find each course offers different challenges, so everyone can find a course to fit their game.
Innkeeper Beverly Williams is also an LPGA Golf Professional and a member of the LPGA Teaching and Club Professional Division. As a playing professional, she played on the Futures Tour. During her years of teaching and developing golf programs for all levels of golfers, Beverly worked as the Head Women's Golf Coach at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida. The team ranked No. 1 nationally in the NCAA Division II, and her team members held 3 out of the top 5 spots.
She has now brought her experience and knowledge to Bella Vista where she offers golf lessons through the B. Williams Golf School. A variety of schools, lessons and packages are available.
The B. Williams Golf School was founded in 1994 by Beverly Williams, LPGA Class A Professional and one of Golf for Women Magazine's Top 50 Teachers in America. Designed to help all levels of golfers improve their game and enjoyment of that game, Beverly has worked to keep the schools small and personal. Students work directly with her and have plenty of time to interact outside of the scheduled lessons.
Specializing in teaching women golfers of all levels, the schools offer a relaxing, safe and fun filled environment. Women have a chance to learn without feeling intimidated or embarrassed and go away with a sense of confidence that they belong on the golf course.
In addition to women only schools, Beverly also conducts private schools for men and women as well as couples schools. These schools are very popular with couples who wish to learn to enjoy the game together better. Couples are taught to speak the same "golf language" and learn to recognize swing flaws in their partners in order to help each other continue to improve.
All schools are conducted in Bella Vista, Arkansas at The Inn at Bella Vista. Schools are limited in size and are customized to the needs of the students in the class.


text:
This is a placeholder to declare the presence and status of ZFS storage driver
for containers.

The current development is done in Gurjeet Singh's fork of Docker, under the
branch named [zfs_driver].

[zfs_driver]: https://github.com/gurjeet/docker/tree/zfs_driver

# Status

Alpha: The code is now capable of creating, running and destroying containers
and images.

The code is under development. Contributions in the form of suggestions,
code-reviews, and patches are welcome.

Please send the communication to gurjeet@singh.im and CC at least one Docker
mailing list.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home The World in 2:00 UN warns rising emissions driving increasingly volatile weather
UN warns rising emissions driving increasingly volatile weather
By Luke Vargas
World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Petteri Taalas, U.N. General Assemly President María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés and U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres address the press at the launch of the WHO Statement on the State of the Global Climate 2018. March 28, 2019. UN Photo/Mark Garten
'Climate change is moving faster than our efforts to address it,' UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned on Thursday.
UNITED NATIONS – Rising carbon emissions pushed the world to record high temperatures on land and in the oceans last year, according to a new U.N. report published Thursday.
The World Meteorological Organization survey found that extreme weather events linked to climate change are affecting larger swaths of the world's population. Some 35 million people were affected by floods in 2018, nine million by drought and tens of millions more suffered from extreme heat, including a European heat wave that briefly saw temperatures cross 90 degrees Fahrenheit within the Arctic Circle.
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres:
"This report is indeed another strong wake up call. It proves what we have been saying – that climate change is moving faster than our efforts to address it."
By the U.N.'s estimate, the world would need to cap global emissions by 2030 to avert global warming of 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, a goal that looks increasingly impossible to hit.
But climate activism is increasing, be it in the streets of European capitals or in the halls of Capitol Hill.
Earlier this week, a speech by New York Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez went viral in which she denounced Republicans for painting efforts to clean up the water and air as elitist.
Asked to comment on the speech, WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas described his frustration at the lack of climate action and said he worries the wealthy and influential don't understand the urgency of climate change because they don't experience it the same way, an observation he made after visiting New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.
"In the USA they were able to mostly take their private cars and drive away. The rich people, they were having insurance for their houses and they were able to rebuild their houses. But the poorest people didn't have insurance and they were hit the hardest."
Ocasio-Cortez ended her speech this week by saying the costs of her Green New Deal would be far less than the costs of responding to climate change damage, and the U.N.'s findings back her up. By one estimate it could be 20 times costlier to respond to climate change than to pay up front to try and mitigate against it.
Previous articleTrump says Special Olympics will be funded
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Does the UN Human Rights Council have its mojo back?
UN chief warns: African terror threats spreading
Airstrikes kill 40+ at Libyan migrant detention facility

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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OSHA 1926 Construction
Subpart A General
1926.1 Purpose and scope
1926.1(a)
1926.1(b)
1926.2 Variances from safety and health standards
1926.3 Inspections - right of entry
1926.3(a)(1)
1926.4 Rules of practice for administrative adjudications for enforcement of safety and health standards
1926.5 OMB control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act
1926.6 Incorporation by reference
1926.6(c)
1926.6(d)
1926.6(e)
1926.6(f)
1926.6(g)
1926.6(g)(1)
1926.6(h)
1926.6(h)(1)
1926.6(h)(10)
1926.6(h)(28)(i)
1926.6(h)(28)(iii)
1926.6(h)(28)(ii)
1926.6(i)
1926.6(j)
1926.6(j)(1)
1926.6(k)
1926.6(k)(1)
1926.6(l)
1926.6(l)(1)
1926.6(m)
1926.6(m)(1)
1926.6(n)
1926.6(n)(1)
1926.6(o)
1926.6(o)(1)
1926.6(p)
1926.6(p)(1)
1926.6(q)
1926.6(r)
1926.6(s)
1926.6(t)
1926.6(u)
1926.6(u)(1)
1926.6(v)
1926.6(v)(1)
1926.6(w)
1926.6(w)(1)
1926.6(x)
1926.6(x)(1)
1926.6(y)
1926.6(y)(1)
1926.6(z)
1926.6(aa)
1926.6(aa)(1)
1926.6(bb)
1926.6(cc)
1926.6(dd)
1926.6(dd)(1)
1926.6(dd)(10)
1926.6(ee)
1926.6(ee)(1)
1926.6(ff)
1926.6(ff)(1)
Subpart B General Interpretations
Subpart C General Safety and Health Provisions
Subpart D Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
Subpart E Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
Subpart F Fire Protection and Prevention
Subpart G Signs, Signals, and Barricades
Subpart H Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal
Subpart I Tools - Hand and Power
Subpart J Welding and Cutting
Subpart K Electrical
Subpart L Scaffolds
Subpart M Fall Protection
Subpart N Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
Subpart O Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations
Subpart P Excavations
Subpart Q Concrete and Masonry Construction
Subpart R Steel Erection
Subpart S Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams, and Compressed Air
Subpart T Demolition
Subpart U Blasting and the Use of Explosives
Subpart V Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
Subpart W Rollover Protective Structures; Overhead Protection
Subpart X Stairways and Ladders
Subpart Y Commercial Diving Operations
Subpart Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances
Subpart AA Confined Spaces in Construction
Subpart BB [Reserved]
Subpart CC Cranes & Derricks in Construction
Authority: 40 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR 50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), or 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 4-2010 (75 FR 55355), or 1-2012 (77 FR 3912), as applicable; and 29 CFR part 1911.
[61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996; 62 FR 3813, Jan. 26, 1998; 63 FR 17093, April 8, 1998; 64 FR 18810, April 16, 1999; 71 FR 38086, July 5, 2006; 75 FR 12686, March 17, 2010; 75 FR 48130, Aug. 9, 2010; 75 FR 68430, Nov. 8, 2010; 77 FR 37600, June 22, 2012; 78 FR 35566, June 13, 2013; 78 FR 66641, November 6, 2013; 79 FR 20692, July 10, 2014; 81 FR 16092, March 25, 2016; 81 FR 53268, August 12, 2016]
This part sets forth the safety and health standards promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act. The standards are published in Subpart C of this part and following subparts.
Subpart B of this part contains statements of general policy and interpretations of section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act having general applicability.
Variances from standards which are, or may be, published in this part may be granted under the same circumstances whereunder variances may be granted under section 6(b)(A) or 6(d) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 65). The procedures for the granting of variances and for related relief under this part are those published in Part 1905 of this title.
Any requests for variances under this section shall also be considered requests for variances under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, and any requests for variances under Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act with respect to construction safety or health standards shall be considered to be also variances under the Construction Safety Act. Any variance from a construction safety or health standard which is contained in this part and which is incorporated by reference in Part 1910 of this title shall be deemed a variance from the standard under both the Construction Safety Act and the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
It shall be a condition of each contract which is subject to section 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act that the Secretary of Labor or any authorized representative shall have a right of entry to any site of contract performance for the following purposes:
To inspect or investigate the matter of compliance with the safety and health standards contained in Subpart C of this part and following subparts; and
To carry out the duties of the Secretary under section 107(b) of the Act.
For the purpose of carrying out his investigative duties under the Act, the Secretary of Labor may, by agreement, use with or without reimbursement the services, personnel, and facilities of any State or Federal agency. Any agreements with States under this section shall be similar to those provided for under the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act under 41 CFR Part 50-205.
The rules of practice for administrative adjudications for the enforcement of the safety and health standards contained in Subpart C of this part and the following subparts shall be the same as those published in Part 6 of this title with respect to safety and health violations of the Service Contract Act of 1965 (69 Stat. 1035), except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section.
In the case of debarment, the findings required by section 107(d) of the Act shall be made by the hearing examiner or the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, as the case may be. Whenever, as provided in section 107(d)(2), a contractor requests termination of debarment before the end of the 3-year period prescribed in that section, the request shall be filed in writing with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health who shall publish a notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER that the request has been received and afford interested persons an opportunity to be heard upon the request, and thereafter the provisions of Part 6 of this title shall apply with respect to prehearing conferences, hearings and related matters, and decisions and orders.
The following sections or paragraphs each contain a collection of information requirement which has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under the control number listed.
29 CFR citation OMB control No.
1926.33 1218-0065
1926.103 1218-0099
1926.453(a)(2) 1218-0216
1926.550(a)(11) 1218-0054
1926.550(b)(2) 1218-0232
1926.550(g) 1218-0151
1926.1080 1218-0069
[61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996; 63 FR 3813, Jan. 26, 1998; 63 FR 13338, March 19, 1998; 63 FR 17093, April 8, 1998; 64 FR 18810, April 16, 1999; 71 FR 38086, July 5, 2006; 75 FR 68430, Nov. 8, 2010; 81 FR 48710, July 26, 2016; 81 FR 53268, August 12, 2016]
The standards of agencies of the U.S. Government, and organizations which are not agencies of the U.S. Government which are incorporated by reference in this part, have the same force and effect as other standards in this part. Only the mandatory provisions (i.e., provisions containing the word "shall" or other mandatory language) of standards incorporated by reference are adopted as standards under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The locations where these standards may be examined are as follows:
Offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Frances Perkins Building, Washington, DC 20210.
The Regional and Field Offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which are listed in the U.S. Government Manual.
The materials listed in paragraphs (g) through (ff) of this section are incorporated by reference in the corresponding sections noted as they exist on the date of the approval, and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. These incorporations by reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
Copies of standards listed in this section and issued by private standards organizations are available for purchase from the issuing organizations at the addresses or through the other contact information listed below for these private standards organizations. In addition, these standards are available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of these standards at NARA, telephone: 202-741-6030, or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Also, the standards are available for inspection at any Regional Office of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or at the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-2625, Washington, DC 20210; telephone: 202-693-2350 (TTY number: 877-889-5627).
[Reserved]
The following material is available for purchase from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240; telephone: 513-742-6163; fax: 513-742-3355; e-mail: mail@acgih.org; Web site: http://www.acgih.org:
Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970, 1970, IBR approved for §1926.55(a) and appendix A of §1926.55.
The following material is available for purchase from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; telephone: 212-642-4900; fax: 212-302-1286; e-mail: info@ansi.org; Web site: http://www.ansi.org/.
ANSI A10.3-1970, Safety Requirements for Explosive-Actuated Fastening Tools, IBR approved for §1926.302(e).
ANSI A10.4-1963, Safety Requirements for Workmen's Hoists, IBR approved for §1926.552(c).
ANSI A10.5-1969, Safety Requirements for Material Hoists, IBR approved for §1926.552(b).
ANSI A11.1-1965 (R1970), Practice for Industrial Lighting, IBR approved for §1926.56(b).
ANSI A17.1-1965, Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.1a-1967, Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.1b-1968, Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.1c-1969, Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.1d-1970, Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.2-1960, Practice for the Inspection of Elevators (Inspector's Manual), IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.2a-1965, Practice for the Inspection of Elevators (Inspector's Manual) Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A17.2b-1967, Practice for the Inspection of Elevators (Inspector's Manual) Supplement, IBR approved for §1926.552(d).
ANSI A92.2-1969, Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms, IBR approved for §§1926.453(a) and 1926.453(b).
ANSI B7.1-1970, Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, IBR approved for §§1926.57(g), 1926.303(b), 1926.303(c), and 1926.303(d).
ANSI B20.1-1957, Safety Code for Conveyors, Cableways, and Related Equipment, IBR approved for §1926.555(a).
ANSI B56.1-1969, Safety Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks, IBR approved for §1926.602(c).
ANSI O1.1-1961, Safety Code for Woodworking Machinery, IBR approved for §1926.304(f).
ANSI Z35.1-1968, Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs; IBR approved for §1926.200(b), (c), and 1 (i). Copies available for purchase from the IHS Standards Store, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112; telephone: 1-877-413-5184; Web site: www.global.ihs.com.
ANSI Z35.2-1968, Specifications for Accident Prevention Tags, IBR approved for §1926.200(i).
ANSI Z49.1-1967, Safety in Welding and Cutting, IBR approved for §1926.350(j).
USA Z53.1-1967 (also referred to as ANSI Z53.1-1967), Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards, ANSI approved October 9, 1967; IBR approved for §1926.200(c). Copies available for purchase from the IHS Standards Store, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112; telephone: 1-877-413-5184; Web site: www.global.ihs.com.
ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011), Safety Colors, reaffirmed July 19, 2011; IBR approved for §1926.200(c). Copies available for purchase from the:
American National Standards Institute's e-Standards Store, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036; telephone: 212-642-4980; Web site: http://webstore.ansi.org/;
TechStreet Store, 3916 Ranchero Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48108; telephone: 877-699-9277; Web site: www.techstreet.com.
IHS Standards Store, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112; telephone: 877-413-5184; Web site: www.global.ihs.com; or
ANSI Z535.2-2011, Environmental and Facility Safety Signs, published September 15, 2011; IBR approved for §1926.200(b), (c), and (i). Copies available for purchase from the:
ANSI Z535.5-2011, Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards), published September 15, 2011, including Errata, November 14, 2011; IBR approved for §1926.200(h) and (i). Copies available for purchase from the:
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices, Approved April 3, 2010; IBR approved for § 1926.102(b). Copies are available for purchase from:
American National Standards Institute's e-Standards Store, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036; telephone: (212) 642-4980; Web site: http://webstore.ansi.org/;
TechStreet Store, 3916 Ranchero Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48108; telephone: (877) 699-9277; Web site: http://techstreet.com.
IHS Standards Store, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112; telephone: (877) 413-5184; Web site: http://global.ihs.com; or
ANSI Z87.1-2003, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices, Approved June 19, 2003; IBR approved for § 1926.102(b). Copies available for purchase from the:
ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998), Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Reaffirmation approved January 4, 1999; IBR approved for § 1926.102(b). Copies are available for purchase from:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved January 26, 2009; IBR approved for §1926.100(b)(1)(i). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-1695; fax: 703-528-2148; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved for §1926.100(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-1695; fax: 703-528-2148; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997, American National Standard for Personnel Protection-Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers-Requirements; IBR approved for §1926.100(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-1695; fax: 703-528-2148; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
The following material is available for purchase from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959; telephone: 610-832-9585; fax: 610-832-9555; e-mail: service@astm.org; Web site: http://www.astm.org/:
ASTM A370-1968, Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing and Steel Products, IBR approved for §1926.1001(f).
ASTM D56-1969, Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester, IBR approved for §1926.155(i).
ASTM D93-1969, Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky Martens Closed Tester, IBR approved for §1926.155(i).
ASTM D323-1958 (R1968), Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), IBR approved for §1926.155(m).
The following material is available for purchase from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085; telephone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; e-mail: hq@asabe.org; Web site: http://www.asabe.org/:
ASAE R313.1-1971, Soil Cone Penetrometer, reaffirmed 1975, IBR approved for §1926.1002(e).
The following material is available for purchase from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016; telephone: 1-800-843-2763; fax: 973-882-1717; e-mail: infocentral@asme.org; Web site: http://www.asme.org/:
ASME B30.2-2005, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist), issued Dec. 30, 2005 ("ASME B30.2-2005"), IBR approved for §1926.1438(b).
ASME B30.5-2004, Mobile and Locomotive Cranes, issued Sept. 27, 2004 ("ASME B30.5-2004"), IBR approved for §§1926.1414(b); 1926.1414(e); 1926.1433(b).
ASME B30.7-2001, Base-Mounted Drum Hoists, issued Jan. 21, 2002 ("ASME B30.7-2001"), IBR approved for §1926.1436(e).
ASME B30.14-2004, Side Boom Tractors, issued Sept. 20, 2004 ("ASME B30.14-2004"), IBR approved for §1926.1440(c).
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, 1968, IBR approved for §§1926.152(i), 1926.306(a), and 1926.603(a).
ASME Power Boilers, Section I, 1968, IBR approved for §1926.603(a).
The following material is available for purchase from the American Welding Society (AWS), 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126; telephone: 1-800-443-9353; Web site: http://www.aws.org/:
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2002, Structural Welding Code-Steel, 18th ed., ANSI approved Aug. 31, 2001 ("AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2002"), IBR approved for §1926.1436(c).
ANSI/AWS D14.3-94, Specification for Welding Earthmoving and Construction Equipment, ANSI approved Jun. 11, 1993 ("ANSI/AWS D14.3-94"), IBR approved for §1926.1436(c).
The following material is available for purchase from the British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom; telephone: + 44 20 8996 9001; fax: + 44 20 8996 7001; e-mail: cservices@bsigroup.com; Web site: http://www.bsigroup.com/:
BS EN 13000:2004, Cranes-Mobile Cranes, published Jan. 4, 2006 ("BS EN 13000:2004"), IBR approved for §1926.1433(c).
BS EN 14439:2006, Cranes-Safety-Tower Cranes, published Jan. 31, 2007 ("BS EN 14439:2006"), IBR approved for §1926.1433(c).
The following material is available for purchase from the Bureau of Reclamation, United States Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW., Washington DC 20240; telephone: 202-208-4501; Web site: http://www.usbr.gov/:
Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Part II, Sept. 1971, IBR approved for §1926.1000(f).
The following material is available for purchase from the California Department of Industrial Relations, 455 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco CA 94102; telephone: (415) 703-5070; e-mail: info@dir.ca.gov; Web site: http://www.dir.ca.gov/:
Construction Safety Orders, IBR approved for §1926.1000(f).
The following material is available for purchase from the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Ave., SE., Washington, DC 20590; telephone: 202-366-4000; Web site: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/:
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Part VI, Standards and Guides for Traffic Controls for Street and Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility, and Incident Management Operation, 1988 Edition, Revision 3, September 3, 1993; IBR approved for §§1926.200(g), 1926.201(a), and 1926.202. Electronic copies of the MUTCD, 1988 Edition, Revision 3, are available for downloading at http://www.osha.gov/doc/highway_workzones/mutcd/index.html.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Millennium Edition, Dec. 2000; IBR approved for §§1926.200(g)), 1926.201(a), and 1926.202. Electronic copies of the MUTCD 2000 are available for downloading at http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/kno-millennium_12.18.00.htm.
The following material is available for purchase from the General Services Administration (GSA), 1800 F Street, NW., Washington, DC 20405; telephone: (202) 501-0800; Web site: http://www.gsa.gov/:
QQ-P-416, Federal Specification Plating Cadmium (Electrodeposited), IBR approved for §1926.104(e).
The following material is available for purchase from the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME), 1120 19th Street, NW., Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: 202-429-9280; fax: 202-429-9280; e-mail: info@ime.org; Web site: http://www.ime.org/:
IME Pub. No. 2, American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives, Jun. 5, 1964, IBR approved for §1926.914(a).
IME Pub. No. 20, Radio Frequency Energy-A Potential Hazard in the Use of Electric Blasting Caps, Mar. 1968, IBR approved for §1926.900(k).
The following material is available for purchase from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; telephone: + 41 22 749 01 11; fax: + 41 22 733 34 30; Web site: http://www.iso.org/:
ISO 11660-1:2008(E), Cranes-Access, guards and restraints-Part 1: General, 2d ed., Feb. 15, 2008 ("ISO 11660-1:2008(E)"), IBR approved for §1926.1423(c).
ISO 11660-2:1994(E), Cranes-Access, guards and restraints-Part 2: Mobile cranes, 1994 ("ISO 11660-2:1994(E)"), IBR approved for §1926.1423(c).
ISO 11660-3:2008(E), Cranes-Access, guards and restraints-Part 3: Tower cranes, 2d ed., Feb. 15, 2008 ("ISO 11660-3:2008(E)"), IBR approved for §1926.1423(c).
The following material is available for purchase from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169; telephone: 617-770-3000; fax: 617-770-0700; Web site: http://www.nfpa.org/:
NFPA 10A-1970, Maintenance and Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers, IBR approved for §1926.150(c).
NFPA 13-1969, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, IBR approved for §1926.152(d).
NFPA 30-1969, The Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, IBR approved for §1926.152(c).
NFPA 80-1970, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, Class E or F Openings, IBR approved for §1926.152(b).
NFPA 251-1969, Standard Methods of Fire Test of Building Construction and Material, IBR approved for §§1926.152(b) and 1926.155(f).
NFPA 385-1966, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, IBR approved for §1926.152(g).
The following material is available for purchase from the Power Crane and Shovel Association (PCSA), 6737 W. Washington Street, Suite 2400, Milwaukee, WI 53214; telephone: 1-800-369-2310; fax: 414-272-1170; Web site: http://www.aem.org/CBC/ProdSpec/PCSA/:
PCSA Std. No. 1, Mobile Crane and Excavator Standards, 1968, IBR approved for §1926.602(b).
PCSA Std. No. 2, Mobile Hydraulic Crane Standards, 1968 ("PCSA Std. No. 2 (1968)"), IBR approved for §§1926.602(b), 1926.1433(a), and 1926.1501(a).
PCSA Std. No. 3, Mobile Hydraulic Excavator Standards, 1969, IBR approved for §1926.602(b).
The following material is available for purchase from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096; telephone: 1-877-606-7323; fax: 724-776-0790; Web site: http://www.sae.org/:
SAE 1970 Handbook, IBR approved for §1926.602(b).
SAE 1971 Handbook, IBR approved for §1926.1001(h).
SAE J166-1971, Trucks and Wagons, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J168-1970, Protective Enclosures-Test Procedures and Performance Requirements, IBR approved for §1926.1002(a).
SAE J185 (reaf. May 2003), Access Systems for Off-Road Machines, reaffirmed May 2003 ("SAE J185 (May 1993)"), IBR approved for §1926.1423(c).
SAE J236-1971, Self-Propelled Graders, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J237-1971, Front End Loaders and Dozers, IBR approved for §126.602(a).
SAE J319b-1971, Self-Propelled Scrapers, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J320a-1971, Minimum Performance Criteria for Roll-Over Protective Structure for Rubber-Tired, Self-Propelled Scrapers, IBR approved for §1926.1001(h).
SAE J321a-1970, Fenders for Pneumatic-Tired Earthmoving Haulage Equipment, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J333a-1970, Operator Protection for Agricultural and Light Industrial Tractors, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J386-1969, Seat Belts for Construction Equipment, IBR approved for §1926.602(a).
SAE J394-1971, Minimum Performance Criteria for Roll-Over Protective Structure for Rubber-Tired Front End Loaders and Robber-Tired Dozers, IBR approved for §1926.1001(h).
SAE J395-1971, Minimum Performance Criteria for Roll-Over Protective Structure for Crawler Tractors and Crawler-Type Loaders, IBR approved for §1926.1001(h).
SAE J396-1971, Minimum Performance Criteria for Roll-Over Protective Structure for Motor Graders, IBR approved for §1926.1001(h).
SAE J397-1969, Critical Zone Characteristics and Dimensions for Operators of Construction and Industrial Machinery, IBR approved for §1926.1001(f).
SAE J743a-1964, Tractor Mounted Side Boom, 1964 ("SAE J743a-1964"), IBR approved for §1926.1501(a).
SAE J959-1966, Lifting Crane Wire-Rope Strength Factors, 1966 ("SAE J959-1966"), IBR approved for §1926.1501(a).
SAE J987 (rev. Jun. 2003), Lattice Boom Cranes-Method of Test, revised Jun. 2003 ("SAE J987 (Jun. 2003)"), IBR approved for §1926.1433(c).
SAE J1063 (rev. Nov. 1993), Cantilevered Boom Crane Structures-Method of Test, revised Nov. 1993 ("SAE J1063 (Nov. 1993)"), IBR approved for §1926.1433(c).
The following material is available for purchase from the United States Army Corps of Engineers, 441 G Street, NW., Washington, DC 20314; telephone: 202-761-0011; e-mail: hq-publicaffairs@usace.army.mil; Web site: http://www.usace.army.mil/:
EM-385-1-1, General Safety Requirements, Mar. 1967, IBR approved for §1926.1000(f).
The following material is available for purchase from standards resellers such as the Document Center Inc., 111 Industrial Road, Suite 9, Belmont, CA 94002; telephone: 650-591-7600; fax: 650-591-7617; e-mail: info@document-center.com; Web site: http://www.document-center.com/:
ANSI B15.1-1953 (R1958), Safety Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus, revised 1958, IBR approved for §§1926.300(b)(2) and 1926.1501(a).
ANSI B30.2.0-1967, Safety Code for Overhead and Gantry Cranes, approved May 4, 1967, IBR approved for §1926.1501(d).
ANSI B30.5-1968, Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes, approved Dec. 16, 1968, IBR approved for §§1926.1433(a), 1926.1501(a), and 1926.1501(b).
ANSI B30.6-1969, Safety Code for Derricks, approved Dec. 18, 1967, IBR approved for §1926.1501(e).
[75 FR 48131, August 9, 2010; 77 FR 37600, June 22, 2012; 78 FR 35566-35567, June 13, 2013; 78 FR 66641-66642, November 6, 2013; 79 FR 20692-20693, July 10, 2014; 81 FR 16092, March 25, 2016]
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Free Printable Peppa Pig Matching Worksheet. Free Printable Peppa Pig Matching Worksheet activity to share with kids and help them practice writing skills and have fun matching the favorite Peppa Pig characters. You can use this free printable Peppa Pig Matching Worksheet for your school, home-school, tutoring or just for fun. Your kids can match the characters of the animated TV series Peppa Pig with the correct name and then practice writing skills at the same time. Kids can practice writing with 8 words like Peppa Pig, Mummy Pig, Daddy Pig, George Pig, Zoe Zebra, Suzy Sheep, Danny Dog and Emily Elephant. Print this Peppa Pig Matching Worksheet free using your home or school printer. Ready to print free in PDF format.


Korg Forums :: View topic - Kronos vs Montage as a masterkeyboard..
Kronos vs Montage as a masterkeyboard..
Montage has fixed midi channels! Each one of its 16 parts it permanently tied to a midi channel from 1 to 16 and you can't change that. Take that into consideration!!!!
Excellent news. Thats a more standard approach for midi instruments.
I suppose that fix will also apply to MODX ?
I think you are referring to " midi out" ?
Just took a bus trip and saw a Yamaha dealer along a major street as we got into the city.
The dealer sprawled the entire block which seemed the length of a block and a half.
Motor cycles is what i saw and then as we scrolled by, a second motor cycle showroom floor appeared and then a third showroom floor appeared with music instruments.
I did a double take and asked myself if this was still the same yamaha dealer i was looking at.
Then we zoomed to the final stretch of the dealership and more motorcycles started to appear on the same showroom floor as the electronic pianos, keyboards, drums and more.
They may have had other products like marine engines or other kinds of outdoor machines.
Brought me to my tunnel vision about yamaha where i forgot yamaha just does music gear as a side job.
Have to correct my thinking now and realize it is Yamaha that does a lot more engine types than korg. If you think outside of the box of engines.
Yamaha may one day throw a two stroke engine in its main synth and run the muffler tone through all the parameter options for some really far out possibilities from a synth engine. Gasoline and oil not included.
Maybe a Yamaha pitch bend wheel upgraded to a motorcycle throttle handle configuration.
If you are using Mainstage, master keyboard capabilities are largely irrelevant. Mainstage will control everything.
Mainstage... is what i use..
But compared to workstations it still misses quite some functionallity..
I think where it comes to backings Mianstage trails old fashiond workstations..
Its quite limited... and integration with logic trough appletalk is not the most friendly way..
So thats why i am using mainstage as a vst host, and controlling the rest from the workstation.
I'm not sure what you mean by that. A simple USB controller, mainstage and midi hub and I can control a very complex rig. Soft synths mapped across multiple keyboards then in a split second all the hardware is mapped across different keyboards and pedals. Unique configurations once created can be dragged and dropped into different patches, sets and concerts. You can do this on a decent controller like kronos or motif but you have to remember which synth is on which channel, there's frequent copy/paste happening on dated LCD displays. Not how I want to work anymore.


There may be no backcourt in the NBA with two players whose styles contrast as much as the Clippers' duo of Patrick Beverley and Lou Williams. One is an all-time smooth scorer, who gets buckets seemingly as easily as a flick of a light switch, with off-the-court legends so absurd he could make an airport romance novelist blush. The other is the biggest irritant in the NBA, smooth as sandpaper and tireless as a Terminator. Both Williams—the scorer—and Beverley—the menace—were instrumental (among many others) during the Clippers' 31-point comeback against the Warriors on Monday. For now, let's focus on Beverley, the man largely responsible for Kevin Durant leaving both Games 1 and 2 early, once due to ejection, and once due to fouling out.
There are no good solutions to the Golden State Rubix cube. The Clippers have so far decided to practically concede one player on man defensive possessions, so they can better focus their efforts on the transcendent scorers. This means non-shooters and bigs—DeMarcus Cousins, Kevon Looney, Andre Iguodala, etc.—are often left to their own devices while their defender pays equal attention to the whereabouts of Durant, Stephen Curry, and Klay Thompson. It's hard to describe the scheme as successful—the Dubs' offensive rating through two games is 115.1, slightly higher than their regular season-leading mark of 114.9. But it does give L.A. a fighting chance, and in Game 2, it helped give Durant fits.
The coverage on Durant starts with Beverley. What the guard gives up in height, he makes up for in what Russell Westbrook may describe as his blessed ability not to give a f---. Beverley is doing incredible work off the ball. He is, almost as literally as possibly allowed by NBA rules, not giving Durant an inch. Beverley is constantly in Durant's airspace, from the second KD enters a play until the defensive possession is complete. While this is undoubtedly highly irritating for Durant, it creates problems for Golden State's offense as a whole. Again, the Warriors are still scoring at an incredible pace, but in a tight contest like Game 2 ended up being, individual possessions become very valuable.
Beverley's insistence on not budging a millimeter not only bothers Durant, it throws off the timing of Golden State's offense, Curry can't simply dump a pass to KD in the post and initiate an offensive action. Beverley is basically engaging Durant in Greco-Roman wrestling every time KD wants to settle in a spot in the halfcourt. And the Warriors, not exactly known for their enduring attention to detail, are being taken advantage of whenever they make a lazy pass or take the ball for granted. With Durant consistently being moved off his spot, he's either not receiving the ball, or being forced to play facilitator as soon as he makes the catch. L.A.'s roving defender also happily doubled Durant if he was in a threatening position, which contributed to KD's nine turnovers.
Beverley's lower body strength is so impressive. KD isn't exactly a bruiser, but he has size on his emerging nemesis. And yet, Beverley is constantly using his posterior to throw Durant off balance. Even when KD makes the catch, Beverley is disciplined enough to body him up top and move his feet to avoid the blow-by. (Though the help defense is also key here.) Bev vs. Durant is not an ideal matchup for the Clips, but whatever advantages L.A. can gain in the smallest of margins can make a big difference in a close game.
Of Durant's five field goals in Game 2, only one came against Beverley—a turnaround fadeaway off an inbounds pass which Durant launched less than a second after receiving the ball. KD otherwise struggled in the halfcourt. Of his four other makes, two came in semi-transition opportunities when the ball was being pushed up the floor, one came against Montrezl Harrell, and the other against Danilo Gallinari. When Beverley was locked in, Durant was often being shoved around, or hounded to the point where he was best served moving the ball to someone else.
This all says nothing of the mental toll it must take on Durant to face a defender like Beverley. KD can't take a possession off, and this is a Warriors team that is still probably mentally cruising until the next round. Beverley is also clearly a pest, and Durant's frustrations combined with his desperation to shake free of his personal pest led to a couple offensive fouls and bad passes. Those mistakes obviously add up, and it's possible Golden State is still a winner if Durant simply hadn't fouled out with just over 80 seconds left in the game. Beverley's enduring annoyance simply won out Monday, and Durant's effort was mitigated just enough to give the Clippers a chance to steal a win as all the other Warriors' systems collapsed as well.
The biggest mistake anyone could make is overreacting to Game 2. The Warriors aren't invulnerable, but betting on them to lose this series would be foolish. Beverley's defense has been fascinating to watch over two games, and even still Golden State's offense is still humming at an explosive rate, and it took several factors for the Clippers to eke out a four-point win. But Beverley's relentless defense at the very least deserves to be appreciated. It may be rough to watch in the moment, but that's exactly what he's going for.


Upgraded End-Unit Wonderfully Located Upgrades, comfort, style, and convenience define this two-level, 4 bedroom, 2.5 bath, end-unit, co-op townhouse of 1,564 sq. ft. (per county) located in the commute-friendly Pomeroy neighborhood. Thoughtful style and functional upgrades include granite counters, custom, solid oak cabinetry with slide-out drawers, new double and triple-pane windows that create quiet spaces, plantation shutters, and new carpet. Skylights and radiant heating throughout brighten and warm living spaces. Two private outdoor spaces add convenience. Residents are just moments from the conveniences along El Camino Real and commuting along Lawrence Expressway and Interstate 280. A ten-minute drive takes you to Apples new headquarters, shopping centers, or Westfield Valley Fair and Santana Row. Children walk five-minutes to Pomeroy Elementary and Santa Clara High (buyer to verify eligibility).
Sold by of Alliance Bay Realty.
Subdivision Name Other Pomeroy Green Cooperative Corp.


text:
Les Ghettos du gotha (sous-titré Comment la bourgeoisie défend ses espaces) est un essai sociologique de Monique Pinçon-Charlot et Michel Pinçon, paru en 2007. Les sociologues français étudient ici la grande bourgeoise dans une perspective sociologique de classe sociale. S'intéressant notamment à l'occupation de l'espace de la grande bourgeoisie en France, les deux sociologues mettent en évidence l'existence d'une réelle concentration de la haute bourgeoisie française, notamment dans l'ouest parisien. Leur étude de la bourgeoisie les mène aussi à affirmer l'existence réelle d'une conscience de classe ainsi que de fortes interactions entre les membres de cette classe, favorisées par l'endogamie, la ségrégation socio-spatiale et des stratégies mises en place pour faire perdurer cette conscience de classe et une certaine exclusivité comme les rallyes ou les différents cercles mondains. C'est-à-dire en somme l'existence d'une classe sociale, en soi et pour soi.

Notes et références

Essai français paru en 2007
Ouvrage de Monique Pinçon-Charlot et Michel Pinçon
Bourgeoisie urbaine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SPI is one of the world's leading manufacturers of fiber lasers, and one of the few to operate on a truly global basis. Their mission is to provide their customers with the very best quality products and after sales service. Our mission was to design, develop and implement an aesthetically pleasing, easy to navigate, responsive website.
The resulting multi-language, CMS site was one that reinforces SPI's extensive knowledge and expertise within the manufacturing world. Our work with SPI now extends to the design and print of product and exhibition collateral.


A few years ago, I bought a pair of $60 Nike shoes. They were thicker than your average modern Nike shoe, and much taller, reaching just above the ankle. They were great for moving around, playing basketball (when I did that), and just sort of general every day use. And as they started to deteriorate, I began looking for the exact same pair to replace them. But no matter where I looked, they could not be found. They seemed to be a much older model, and shoes apparently don't have specific names, so you can't really look them up. I looked for about a year on and off, both physically and online, but could not find any pair with the same style and attributes.
About a few months ago, Instagram, having picked up on my interest in finding my long lost soulmate of a shoe, sensed it might be able to help. It offered me an advertisement of a pair of shoes remarkably similar to what I was looking for. I ignored the ad the first few times, but it kept following me. I refused to interact with it. My ego would not allow me to purchase a product from an advertisement. Eventually, I relented, and I bought the shoes. And my consumer hungers were thoroughly satiated.
Over the next few weeks, Instagram began showing me more ads of similar products. I wasn't on the market for any more apparel, but I was intrigued at all the new brands I was discovering that you couldn't find in stores. And it turns out, there are, in this case, countless fashion and design brands who do not have a physical presence, that make products which exceed the quality found in stores tenfold. And so Instagram learned a little about me, and I learned a little about other companies that Instagram thought I may be interested in.
Acquiring these shoes made my life better by the amount you'd expect a pair of shoes to better your life by. But, it did satisfy a need. Both on my end, and on the entrepreneur's end. A neural connection was made. Demand was satisfied by supply, all through the power of the all-knowing internet. And I could not help but ask myself, is this such a bad thing? That entrepreneurs can make products and reach exactly the kind of people that would be interested in them sounds not so much a bad thing, but perhaps one of history's most difficult, unsolved problems.
Because if you can complete that loop, of entrepreneur to customer, then you can ensure consistent economic activity and prosperity—for you, the entrepreneur, and society at large.
And I thought it would be wild, if instead of advertisements being these evil, demonic, invasive things (though they sometimes are), they are instead a testament to our advancement. A demonstration of the ingenuity of human problem solving. They are human society at its best.
Because if every dollar you earned was hid under your mattress instead of spent, economies would falter. Society could not prosper. And while many—perhaps even the majority—are still neglected by the economic gain that consumerism has conferred, there is no doubt a rise of possibility available that was not before. My first reaction to consumerism is always one of disgust and repulsion. "Companies create demand for products no one really needs through manipulation and association"—how appalling! It must be avoided at all costs! So fine. Then earn your money, and keep it in your bank account. Don't give a dime to these greedy entrepreneurs.
Who has benefited then? Not you. Not them.
Consumerism seems to be an engine of growth, needless as it may be. It creates reliable, consistent economic activity—the foundation of stable societies. Which is why wherever you find developed countries and cities, you find consumerism.
Perhaps...perhaps we are beginning to make progress on one of history's greatest unsolved problems?
No doubt, there are proper ways to go about this, and improper ways. But the two will be perpetually inseparable. All this to say—and mostly to myself: Don't sweep the entirety of "economic algorithms" under the rug. There is good happening just as well.
Say you have before you a kitchen cabinet with three shelves. On the top shelf you have your most delicious snacks and delicacies. Chocolate chip cookies, crispy cheetos, and frozen pistachio gelato. In the middle shelf you have snacks that are "not bad", but not the most scrumptious. Maybe some beef jerky, plain pretzels, and a granola bar. On the bottom shelf, you have your survival snacks. You wouldn't eat them unless you were starving. For me that'd be plain almonds.


text:
T 0509/10 () of 9.9.2014
F03H 1/00
Decision text in EN (PDF, 345.979K)
Electrostatic propulsion system, spacecraft and propulsion method therefor
Hughes Electronics Corporation
Astrium Limited
European Patent Convention 1973 Art 100(a)
Inventive step - main request (yes)
I. The appeal of the opponent concerns the interlocutory decision of the opposition division to maintain the European patent EP-B-0 890 739 as amended during the opposition proceedings (Article 101(3)(a) EPC).
II. The opposition had been filed against the patent as a whole. Grounds of opposition were lack of novelty and inventive step (Articles 100(a), 54(1) and (2), and 56 EPC 1973).
III. Reference is made to the following documents:
D1: EP 0 550 250 A1,
D2: GB 2 248 727 A,
D3: Horowitz and Hill, "The Art of Electronics", second edition, 1989, Cambridge University Press, pages 360-368.
IV. Oral proceedings before the board took place in the absence of the duly summoned appellant (opponent), of which the board had been informed in the letter dated 13 August 2014. The appellant requested in writing that the decision under appeal be set aside and that the European patent No. 0 890 739 be revoked.
The respondent (patent proprietor) requests as the main request that the decision under appeal be set aside and the patent be maintained on the basis of the following:
Columns 1, 2, 5-8 of the patent specification,
Columns 3, 4, 9-11 as filed in the oral proceedings before the Board,
Claims 1-7 filed with telefax on 14 August 2009,
Claim 8 filed during the oral proceedings on 15 September 2009,
Figures 1-6, 7A, 7B of the patent specification.
The respondent requests alternatively that the decision under appeal be set aside and the patent be maintained in an amended form on the basis of an auxiliary request filed with the letter dated 11 August 2014.
V. The wording of independent claims 1, 7, and 8 of the main request is as follows (board's labelling (i), (i)', and (i)''):
"1. An electrostatic propulsion system, comprising
a plurality of electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) which each generates a thrust when fed an ionizable gas and energized with a plurality of power forms;
a power supply system (148; 178) which generates said power forms and which is coupled to continuously deliver said power forms to said thrusters; and
a plurality of gas valves (150-153; 180-183), each coupled to control the flow of said ionizable gas to a respective one of said electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) and each opening in response to a respective valve control signal;
each of said electrostatic thrusters thus generating a thrust and drawing power from said power supply system (148; 178) in response to the control valve signal of its respective gas valve,
characterized in that
each of said electrostatic thrusters comprises a heater power supply system (222) configured to selectively apply a heater power form to any one of said electrostatic thrusters;
the power supply system is provided as a common power supply system (226) coupled to all of said electrostatic thrusters,
(i) said common power supply system generating all power forms required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form,
each of said electrostatic thrusters thus generating a thrust and drawing power from said common power supply system in response to application of said
heater power form and in response to the valve control signal of its respective gas valve."
"7. A spacecraft, comprising:
a body (125);
at least one solar cell array (127) carried on said body for generating energy from solar radiation; and
an electrostatic propulsion system (140), characterized in that the electrostatic propulsion
system (140) includes:
a) a plurality of electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) which each generates a thrust when fed an ionizable gas, each of said electrostatic thrusters including:
1) an electron source (27) for supplying electrons;
2) an electrode system (28) for accelerating said electrons through said gas to generate a plasma source; and
3) a multiple-grid ion-optics system (22) for extracting an ion beam from said plasma source;
b) a heater power supply system (222) configured to selectively apply a heater power form to any one of said electrostatic thrusters;
c) a common power supply system (226) coupled to all of said electrostatic thrusters,
(i)' said common power supply system generating all power forms required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form; and
d) a plurality of gas valves (150-153), each coupled to control the flow of said ionizable gas to a respective one of said electrostatic thrusters and each opening in response to a respective valve control signal;
each of said electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) thus generating a thrust and drawing power from said common power supply system in response to application of said heater power form and in response to the valve control signal of its respective gas valve."
"8. A method of applying selectable thrusts to a space
craft (120), the spacecraft comprising a plurality of electrostatic thrusters, a heater power supply system (222) configured to selectively apply a heater power form to any one of said electrostatic thrusters; and
(i)'' a power supply system provided as a common power supply system coupled to all of said electrostatic thrusters and generating all power forms required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form,
comprising the steps of:
coupling a plurality of electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) to said spacecraft (120), wherein each of said electrostatic thrusters (136, 137; 176, 177) generates a thrust when fed an ionizable gas and energized with at least one heater power form and a plurality of other power forms;
continuously applying said other power forms to said electrostatic thrusters by said common power supply system;
applying said heater power form to a selected thruster of said electrostatic thrusters by said heater power supply system; and
feeding said ionizable gas to said selected thruster;
said applying step and said feeding step initiating the thrust of said selected thruster."
VI. The parties argue essentially as follows in relation to the main request:
a) Appellant's arguments
The subject-matter of claims 1, 7, and 8 of the main request did not involve an inventive step.
The subject-matter of claim 1 only differed from document D1 in that the common power supply system generated all power forms required by said thrusters except the heater power form. According to the patent the heater power supply system was separate from the common power supply, whereas in document D1 the heater power supply system was a subsidiary power supply system coupled with switches to the common power supply system.
The distinguishing feature provided no real technical improvement over and above that provided by D1. In the opposed patent it was explained in paragraphs [0049] and [0050] that the separate heater supply units were provided so that non-selected heaters were not energized in order to limit power consumption, extend heater lifetime and prevent loss of all thrusters due to failure of one heater. The same effect was however provided by the switches of D1 fed from the common power supply. Furthermore, the overall power requirements of the common power supply unit would not be changed by transferring the heater supplies into a separate unit as the supplies would run from a constant voltage power bus with various load types. Moreover, even if a slightly less powerful common power supply could be used this would not result in a significantly less bulky common power supply as a major part of the power supply mass and volume was taken up by the mechanical housing. Furthermore, the potential need for auxiliary supplies and command interfaces had to be taken into account in this context. The overall supply system size and mass was therefore in fact increased. Therefore, the problem was to provide an alternative to the arrangement of document D1.
Faced with this problem the skilled person would understand that there was no technical difference between providing a switch from providing a common power supply and a separate supply. This was also supported by the opposed patent itself, where it was described in paragraph [0060] that a series of switches linked to a single supply was a substitute for a plurality of separate supplies. Moreover, document D3 showed that the skilled person would readily consider interchanging a separate supply for a branch from a main common supply. Although D3 related to a power supply to a computer, there was nothing in the case that would prevent the same general principles from applying. Furthermore, even though it was mentioned in D3 that the temptation was overwhelming to hang another winding on transformer T1, the use of a separate linear supply was still mentioned as a viable alternative.
Moreover, the claimed separate supplies would have to be switched since otherwise the aim of selectively energising the cathode heaters could not be achieved. The claimed solution was to retain the switches in some form but power them from a different supply. Since the supply would in any case ultimately come from the spacecraft power supply, e. g. the solar panels, the skilled person would realize that feeding the heater power supply from the spacecraft supply was no different to feeding it from the common power supply.
The appellant referred in this regard to the decision T72/95 of the Boards of Appeal, in which it was held that an arbitrary modification could not involve an inventive step. Furthermore, reference was made to the decision T939/92, from which it followed that, where there were a number of alternative solutions to that in the prior art, all of them would be equally suggested to the skilled person.
b) Respondent's arguments
The subject-matter of claims 1 and 8 of the main request involved an inventive step.
The closest state of the art was document D1. In that document it was disclosed that the power supply unit PCU1 was used for energizing any electric load of the thrusters, also the heaters of the thrusters. Furthermore, subsidiary power units (negative accelerator grid 22, beam power supply unit 23, ...) were provided for each thruster separately, which worked together with the power supply unit PCU1 to provide the power forms to the various electric loads.
In the claimed invention the common power supply provided all power forms except the heater power form. The object of the invention was to provide more flexibility and freedom in the design of the necessary power supplies and to increase their reliability. Furthermore, the arrangement of the power supply units could be chosen such that one did not affect the other, e. g. due to switching noise. Moreover, it was not necessary to duplicate the subsidiary power supply units thus simplifying the system.
The skilled person had no reason to change the configuration disclosed in D1 in a way corresponding to the invention. In particular, there was no teaching in D1 prompting the skilled person to divide the power supply unit PSU1 into two separate units.
In document D3 it was pointed out on page 365 to provide a further small winding so as to generate an additional supply voltage of 15V. This was however not comparable with the claimed separation of the power supply system into a common power supply and a heater power supply as the further winding was affected by the other windings of the circuit. Therefore, even when considering documents D1 and D3 in combination, the skilled person was not taught to separate the heater power supply system from the common power supply system.
2. Procedural matters
2.1 The duly summoned appellant was not represented at the oral proceedings. The proceedings were however continued without the appellant in accordance with Rule 71(2) EPC 1973.
According to Article 15(3) RPBA, the board "shall not be obliged to delay any step in the proceedings, including its decision, by reason only of the absence at the oral proceedings of any party duly summoned who may then be treated as relying only on its written case". The purpose of oral proceedings is to give the party the opportunity to present its case and to be heard. However, a party gives up that opportunity if it does not attend the oral proceedings.
2.2 As detailed below, the main request is found to meet the requirements of the EPC, in particular in relation to inventive step (Article 56 EPC 1973) and support in the description (Article 84 EPC 1973).
The claims of the main request are the claims on which the appealed decision is based. In the letter setting out the grounds of appeal the appellant had argued at length in relation to inventive step of the subject-matter of those claims.
During the oral proceedings before the board the description was amended in order to bring it into conformity with the claims. Since the claims had been amended during the opposition proceedings the appellant had to expect that the support in the description of the claims would be discussed at the oral proceedings before the board and that the description would possibly be amended as a consequence. By not attending the oral proceedings the appellant gave up the opportunity to comment on these issues.
Consequently, the board saw no reasons for delaying the decision in view of Article 113(1) EPC 1973. The board was therefore in a position to decide at the conclusion of the oral proceedings, since the case was ready for decision (Article 15(5) and (6) RPBA).
3. Main request - inventive step
3.1 Closest state of the art
Both parties agree that document D1 is to be considered the closest state of the art. Indeed, that document is related to the same purpose as the claimed invention, namely electrostatic propulsion, and has the most relevant technical features in common with it as detailed below. Document D1 is therefore considered as the closest state of the art.
3.2 Distinguishing features
3.2.1 Document D1 discloses (column 2, line 56 - column 3, line 34; column 4, line 40 - column 5, line 24; Figures 3 and 5) a spacecraft having thrusters T1 to T4, which are supplied with propellant, e. g. xenon, argon or krypton, from a tank 1 of propellant via respective valves V1 to V4. Valves V1 and V2 are operated by a switch S1 controlled by a power supply unit PSU1, which also supplies the thrusters T1 and T2 in order to provide a supply to the electrodes of the thrusters. Redundant thrusters T3 and T4 are powered by redundant power supply unit PSU2, which also controls switch S3 for controlling the valves V3 and V4 of the redundant thrusters. The thrusters T1 to T4 may be ion thrusters comprising a discharge chamber 8 to which propellant is supplied from a pipe via valve 10 and further valves 11, 12, and 13. An arc is initially struck in the ion thruster by providing a potential difference between hollow cathode 13 and cathode keeper 14 and electrons flow to annular anode 15 through a magnetic field generated by electro-magnets 16, 17 which cause the electrons to undergo a spiralling path and increase the probability of collision with the main propellant flow to provide the main ion beam. The latter passes through a perforated accelerator grid 19 which is maintained highly negative to the discharge chamber to accelerate the ion beam and hence provide the thrust to the thruster.
The power supply unit PSU1 feeds a number of subsidiary power supply units 22-29, namely the accelerator grid power supply unit 22, beam power supply unit 23, cathode heater power supply unit 24, cathode keeper unit power supply unit 25, etc. The power unit PSU1 also powers the thruster T2 provided with identical control circuitry, i. e. accelerator grid power supply unit 22a, beam power supply unit 23a, etc.
3.2.2 Hence, document D1 discloses - using the wording of claim 1 - an electrostatic propulsion system, comprising
a plurality of electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2) which each generates a thrust when fed an ionizable gas (xenon, argon or krypton) and energized with a plurality of power forms (delivered by the subsidiary power supply units);
a power supply system (power supply unit PSU1 and subsidiary power supply units 22, 22a, 23, 23a, ...) which generates said power forms and which is coupled to continuously deliver said power forms to said thrusters; and
a plurality of gas valves (V1, V2), each coupled to control the flow of said ionizable gas to a respective one of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2) and each opening in response to a respective valve control signal (via switch S1);
each of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2) thus generating a thrust and drawing power from said power supply system (PSU1, 22, 22a, 23, 23a, ...) in response to the control valve signal of its respective gas valve (V1, V2),
each of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2) comprises a heater power supply system (cathode heater power supply units 24, 24a) configured to selectively apply a heater power form to any one of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2),
the power supply system is provided as a common power supply system (PSU1) coupled to all of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2),
each of said electrostatic thrusters (T1, T2) thus generating a thrust and drawing power from said common power supply system (PSU1) in response to application of said heater power form and in response to the valve
control signal of its respective gas valve (V1, V2).
3.2.3 Document D1 does not disclose - as agreed by the parties - feature (i) of claim 1 of the main request, i. e. that the common power supply system generates all power forms required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form.
3.3 Objective technical problem
3.3.1 The appellant argues that the advantages mentioned in the opposed patent in paragraphs [0049] and [0050], namely to limit power consumption, extend heater lifetime and prevent loss of all thrusters due to failure of one heater, were already achieved by the switches of D1.
The above advantages relate to a subjective technical problem as originally presented in the application as filed in relation to a specific embodiment of the application (see the original description of the application, page 3, lines 26-30). The subjective technical problem may need to be reformulated in view of prior art documents which are more relevant than those which had originally been taken into account by the applicant when drafting the application as filed.
However, the fact that a solution to the subjective technical problem has already been proposed in a more relevant prior art document does not imply that the problem of the invention is merely to provide an alternative solution. Rather, the technical effect of the difference between the claimed solution and the known solution has to be assessed in order to determine the objective technical problem.
Therefore, in the present case it has to be assessed what the technical effect is of said common power supply system generating all power forms required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form, i. e. of distinguishing feature (i).
3.3.2 The appellant argued that due to the potential need for auxiliary supplies and command interfaces for the separate heater power supply system, the overall supply system size and mass was in fact increased.
However, a separate heater power supply system is already known from document D1. Moreover, whether the heater power supply system is fed from the common power supply unit as in document D1 or directly from the solar panel or battery of the spacecraft does not affect the overall size or mass of the power supply system but merely the arrangement of the power conversion.
Furthermore, as described above, in the system of document D1 the power supply unit PSU1 feeds a number of subsidiary power supply units 22-29 of thruster T1 and corresponding subsidiary power supply units 22a, 23a, ... of thruster T2. The different voltages provided within PSU1 are provided by a switched mode power converter (D1, column 5, lines 51-53). The various electrodes of the thruster T1 are thus powered by the corresponding subsidiary power supply units of thruster T1; similarly, the electrodes of the thruster T2 are powered by the corresponding subsidiary power supply units of thruster T2.
By contrast, according to the claimed system the common power supply system generates all power forms, i. e. voltage and current combinations (see paragraph [0011] of the opposed patent), required by said electrostatic thrusters except said heater power form. Contrary to the system of document D1, where each thruster T1 and T2 has its own set of subsidiary power supply units, all power forms except the heater power form are generated by a shared power supply unit. Hence, duplication of the subsidiary power supply units is avoided and the power supply system is simplified, thereby reducing the complexity of the system which translates into weight, volume and cost savings of the spacecraft using the system.
The objective technical problem of the invention is therefore to achieve these effects.
3.4 Obviousness
3.4.1 The appellant is of the opinion that document D3 showed that the skilled person would readily consider interchanging a separate supply for a branch from a main common supply.
However, even if it were conceded that this was the case, it would merely induce the skilled person to feed the heater power supply system directly from the solar panel or battery of the spacecraft rather than from the common power supply unit. But there is no teaching in document D3 leading the skilled person to eliminate the duplication of the subsidiary power supply units of thrusters T1 and T2, except the heater power supply units.
3.4.2 Document D2 relates to an ion thruster for spacecraft whose various electrodes are powered by separate power supply units (see page 5, paragraphs 1 to 3 of document D2). The skilled person would therefore not be led by this document either to use a common power supply system generating all power forms required by the electrostatic thrusters except the heater power form.
3.4.3 In the decision T 72/95, cited by the appellant, it was held that a certain feature (presence of a carbon rod) was considered to be no more than an arbitrary modification which could not involve an inventive step.
In the other decision T 939/92 cited by the appellant the board was not satisfied that substantially all claimed compounds were likely to be herbicidally active. The claimed subject-matter extended therefore to compounds which were not inventive and therefore did not meet the requirement of inventive step (see Reason 2.7).
In the present case distinguishing feature (i) is however no arbitrary modification and has the technical effects discussed under point 3.3 above. The cited decisions are therefore not considered to be relevant for assessing inventive step in the present case.
3.4.4 Therefore, the subject-matter of claim 1 involves an inventive step.
Independent device claim 7 and independent method claim 8 correspond essentially to system claim 1, in particular feature (i)' of claim 7 and feature (i)'' of claim 8 correspond to distinguishing feature (i) of claim 1. Hence, the subject-matter of independent claims 7 and 8 involves an inventive step for the same reasons as set out above. Claims 2 to 6 are dependent on claim 1.
Accordingly, the subject-matter of claims 1 to 8 involves an inventive step (Article 52(1) EPC and Article 56 EPC 1973).
4. Main request - support in the description
The description has been brought into conformity with the claims of the main request. In particular, the description has been amended such that examples which do not fall under the wording of the claims are not presented as embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, a general statement has been deleted. The board is thus satisfied that the claims are properly supported by the description and comply with the requirements of Article 84 EPC 1973.
For the above reasons, the main request is considered to meet the requirements of the EPC. The patent is therefore to be maintained as amended according to the main request (Article 101(3)(a) EPC and Article 111(1) EPC 1973). Consideration of the auxiliary request is therefore not necessary.
2. The case is remitted to the department of first instance
with the order to maintain the patent in amended form with the following documents:


Born in Maryland, I grew up in Rochester, NY, and have been involved in commercial art and design since selling my whimsical animal figures in a local gallery as a teenager. My formal study of art began at Rochester Institute of Technology, and from there I went on to major in painting and sculpture at Syracuse University's School of Fine Art. I loved the course of study, but not the environment, and took a break in the artists community of Safed, Israel, where I interned with a well known local batik artist. On my return to the US, I moved to Manhattan and worked as a typist for the Israeli Mission to the UN. Soon promoted to an administrative position at the Consulate General of Israel, I often worked with dignitaries and heads of state. The work was interesting, but 4 years later I enrolled at Parsons School of Design as an Illustration major, while still working full time. After burning the candle at both ends for a year, I decided to content myself with continuing education classes in drawing, photography, and computer animation and graphics at the School of Visual Arts.
Ultimately, I found a niche in textile design, becoming accomplished in the French resist technique of hand painting on silk. After a couple of years under a rep, I opened my own design studio with a partner, specializing in original print designs hand painted on silk, and selling primarily to apparel and home furnishings companies. In addition to selling our own designs, we represented artists and studios from a number of countries, and enjoyed a 12-year run in NYC's colorful garment center.
More and more of my focus had to be placed on the administrative and marketing aspects of running the business, as well as guiding other artists, and I found my hands in paint less and less. The experience of over a decade as an owner of the studio proved very instructive in sales and marketing, as Printfolio doubled sales each of its early years in business.
During this time, I also co-founded the first trade organization for textile design studios and agents (ATEX), initiating The Print Show, now Printsource, showcasing print design collections from around the world to this day.
Industry changes prompted a decision to move on, and I accepted a position as sales manager of the trade show, SURTEX®, an industry standard for the sale and license of art and design, featuring over 300 international exhibitors. My success in attracting exhibitors and visitors to the show led to a promotion to Show Manager, and provided further opportunities to hone marketing skills domestically and abroad.
Next, the challenge of computer graphics beckoned, and with it, web design and e-mail marketing. By this time, I was well versed in designing and marketing to sell both products and services. I enjoyed learning about the businesses of others, and using my design skills to frame them in their best light, creating logos, ads, flyers, websites, e-mail campaigns and strategy. My interest in trends, which first took form in color and design forecasting for apparel companies like Talbot and JC Penney, shifted to social networking trends, and later, search engine optimization.
I lived in New York City and nearby Westchester County for most of my life. After my son and daughter left the nest, I was ready for a change, and moved to Cape Coral, Florida. I am excited about the new relationships I'm building here in Southwest Florida, and look forward to growing my business as I help you to grow yours, and I like to think that I'm making the world more beautiful one ad, logo or website at a time!
Galia Silverberg galia@mediarefuge.com 914.220.2262 ©2011-2019 Media Refuge™. All Rights Reserved.
Serving the New York Metro Area, Southwest Florida, Western North Carolina, and wherever there is internet!


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Your Right to Privacy
By Jim Bronskill, David McKie
Self-Counsel Press | May 17, 2016 | 144 pages
North American online participation now exceeds 70 per cent and it is growing, but there are hundreds of vulnerabilities in the way we publish, share and store our information. 'Your Right To Privacy' outlines in detail how to keep your information as safe as possible in an age of hacking, sharing and surveillance. This is the definitive guide on how to minimize your digital footprint and protect your privacy in the digital age.This book follows the successful Self-Counsel Press book 'Your Right to Know' by the same two authors.
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Davduospina sheilae är en insektsart som beskrevs av Davies 1988. Davduospina sheilae ingår i släktet Davduospina och familjen dvärgstritar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Saturday Spotlight: Robert Quinn
Throughout the 2021 NFL season, we'll spotlight a Bears player in a weekly column. This week, we'll take an in-depth look at Linebacker Robert Quinn
By Jack R Salo Jan 8, 2022, 1:00pm CST
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Photo by Chris Unger/Getty Images
Name: Robert Quinn
Time with Bears: 2nd Season
The Past:
"Glennon, looking and - PRESSURE. Football is loose again. That's it, there it is. Robert Quinn getting to Glennon."
Robert Quinn made his way into the Bears' record books in just his second season in Chicago.
15 years ago, he was an all-state wrestler for Fort Dorcester High School. Three-time state champ, in fact. In his words, wrestling "is all about leverage and balance." Those skills have come in handy when he's terrorizing quarterbacks. On the football field, he worked his way onto the collegiate scouting lists all the way up to a 4-star recruit by aggregate 247 Sports. It seemed like nothing could slow Quinn down.
Then, he started experiencing blackouts. Confusion, amnesia, and mental lapses became a major concern for the 17-year old and his family. When a doctor found a benign tumor at the top of his spinal column, he was told he may only have a week to live and went in for emergency surgery. It looked as though his senior year would be stolen from him.
A miraculous recovery and a return to top form on the football field led to an invitation to the US Army Bowl Game and scholarship offers from Auburn and North Carolina. He accepted the offer to be a Tar Heel and enrolled in Chapel Hill to play for coach Butch Davis.
Quinn's capacity in 2008 was as a role player as the Tar Heels went 8-5 with a young defense. Listed as a defensive end, Quinn was a freshman on a team which only had one upper-classman end on the line. He found enough action to log 34 total tackles, inluding 22 solo, 6.5 for a loss, and 2.0 sacks. He also broke up a pass and forced 2 fumbles.
Photo by Streeter Lecka/Getty Images
Then, in 2009, Quinn became a full-fledged starter for the Tar Heels and made the most of his opportunities. As NFL scouts started watching, Quinn started performing, and the Tar Heels went 8-5 again. Quinn cracked double-digit sacks, the first of six total times between college and the NFL. With 52 total tackles, 35 solo, 19.0 TFLs, 3 pass breakups, and 6 forced fumbles, Quinn was expected to play one more year in college to bulk up before going in the first round of the NFL Draft.
Leading up to that junior season, Quinn broke former Tar Heel (and Chicago Bear) Julius Pepper's school record in the 40-yard dash, with 4.38 seconds sounding more like a receiver time. He also broke a school weight lifting record.
Unfortunately, the NCAA called, alleging recruitment voilations to the school and opening a massive investigation of the football program. An academic tutor was found to be providing improper academic assistance to players, and a number of players including Quinn were alleged to have received improper benefits including jewelry and travel. When the NCAA ruled that Quinn had lied about those benefits, they ruled him ineligible to play in 2010. The investigation eventually took head coach Butch Davis down, and the University of North Carolina has officially disassociated themselves from Robert Quinn.
Quinn's response to UNC? He doesn't even claim that school.
Bigger and better things were coming his way anyway. His two seasons in college were enough to impress NFL scouts, and he entered the 2011 NFL Draft ready to play football professionally at the high level he'd been playing his entire career to that point.
"With the 14th pick in the 2011 NFL Draft, the St. Louis Rams select: Robert Quinn. Defensive End. North Carolina."
With pass rushers becoming a new hot commodity in the NFL after quarterbacks in the first decade of the 2000s, there was speculation that Quinn could have gone even higher in the draft than he did. Even still, the Rams were a great fit for the rookie. With the team hoping their first round (#1 overall) selection of quarterback Sam Bradford could create an elite NFL offense alongside Pro Bowl running back Steven Jackson, the Rams had turned their attention to creating a fearsome defense. With names like Chris Long and James Laurinaitis heading up the defensive front, they needed more young, powerful talent to keep them in games.
Quinn found action in 15 games in 2011, his rookie year. The first where he recorded stats was the Rams' week 2 matchup with the New York Giants, where Quinn wasted no time putting his stamp on the NFL by sacking quarterback Eli Manning. Quinn's first start came in December 2011 against the Cincinatti Bengals, where he recorded a solo tackle and a pass breakup. He finished the year with 23 total tackles, 20 of them solo, 5.0 sacks, 2 pass breakups, and a blocked field goal. The Rams went 2-14 and were an embarassment, but Quinn looked every bit the part of a solid first round pick.
Photo by Hannah Foslien/Getty Images
He found more starting action in his second season in 2012, with 14 starts in 16 appearances. For the first time in his professional career, he cracked double-digit sacks with 10.5, on his way to 29 total tackles with 24 solo. Teammate Chris Long also reached that benchmark, making this the first time in Rams' history they had a pairing of such renown. The Rams looked better than the past year with a record of 7-8-1.
Then, in 2013, Quinn started to establish himself as one of the best defenders in the NFL. With career-bests in sacks (19.0), forced fumbles (7), and total tackles (57), Quinn was by far the best player for the 7-9 Rams, who had benched Bradford and parted with Jackson, looking to rebuild their franchise around a relentless defense. The third-year edge rusher Quinn was named First Team All-Pro for his season, starting all 16 games.
Quinn again started all 16 games in 2014, hardly taking a step back at all. In September of that year, he signed the Rams extension offer worth $66.575 million with $41.2 million guaranteed, designed to keep him a Ram for the rest of his twenties. He logged 46 total tackles, 39 solo, 5 forced fumbles, and 10.5 sacks, his third straight season with double-digit sacks. He also broke up 6 passes, the most in a single season of his career. He was named to the Pro Bowl for the second time in his career, but the Rams struggled again, this time to 6-10 finish.
The injury bug, which Quinn had eluded up to that point, finally found skin and Quinn was limited to 8 appearances for the Rams in 2015 with hip and back injuries. The averages still worked out, with 5.0 sacks on 7 hurries, adding 21 total tackles and 3 forced fumbles on the year before being shut down in December of that year. The Rams went 7-9 in their final year in St. Louis.
A mid-season shoulder injury and a late-season concussion limited Quinn's 2016 year to 9 appearances. The Rams, having moved to Los Angeles the past offseason, went 4-12 and fired coach Jeff Fisher mid-season, and a re-build was immenent. Quinn logged 10 total tackles, 4.0 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles in his sixth NFL season.
Having spent two seasons riddled with injuries, Quinn established himself back into national conversations in 2017 with 14 starts through 15 appearances. In their first season under head coach Sean McVay, the Rams went 11-5 and Quinn was part of a terrifying defense which featured Aaron Donald and (future Bears teammate) Alec Ogletree in the box with him. On his own, he notched 32 total tackles, 21 of them solo, 8.5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. Quinn missed the Pro Bowl and the Rams were in the middle of a rebuild, so they looked elsewhere to build their team.
The Dolphins called, and were willing to take on Quinn's expensive contract, so the Rams pulled the trigger and sent him to Miami in exchange for a fourth-round pick and a sixth-round pick-swap. Quinn called the Rams out for it, saying they "turned their backs" on him. For the first time since his last Pro Bowl season in St. Louis, Quinn started all 16 games in 2018 for the Dolphins. He started sacking quarterbacks in nicer weather, this year with 6.5 on top of 38 total tackles, and 2 forced fumbles.
Apparently the Dolphins also found issues with Quinn's contract, because in 2019 they also traded him. This time he was headed to Dallas, with a restructured contract through his agent for one year. In his lone season for the Cowboys, he started 14 games and found double-digit sacks again for the first time since his last Pro Bowl season, this time for the 8-8 Cowboys, marking yet another season where he terrorized quarterbacks for a bad team. He finished with 34 total tackles, 26 of them solo, 11.5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. Despite approaching 30, Quinn was looking quite like his former self.
Photo by Quinn Harris/Getty Images
For the first time in his career, Robert Quinn was a free agent in 2020, so Chicago Bears' GM Ryan Pace called his agent and negotiated terms for a 5-year, $70 million contract to come to Chicago. In his first year for the Bears as a linebackers in their 3-4 base, Quinn partnered with Khalil Mack and Akiem Hicks to make up a fearsome pass rushing front when healthy. Unfortunately all three dealt with injuries that year. In Quinn's first appearance and start, he recorded a strip-sack against Giants' quarterback Daniel Jones, forcing another fumble in the game as well. He finished the year with 20 total tackles, 14 of them solo, 2.0 sacks, 3 forced fumbles, and 1 fumble recovery. Considering the Bears were chasing a legendary 2018 season and failing to show progress on multiple fronts, Quinn's struggles represented the entire Bears' entire season: immense talent yet unable to amount to wins.
The Present:
With Khalil Mack's injuries in 2021, the Bears have found themselves welcoming any defensive superstars they can find, and Quinn has shown he's ready for the demands of a Chicago defensive star. This past Sunday, he logged his 18th sack of the season, breaking a team record previously held by NFL Hall of Famer Richard Dent. Quinn has gotten after quarterbacks all year while the team struggled, with embarassing losing streaks of 5-straight and 3-straight not at all indicative of Quinn's record-breaking season.
Starting at outside linebacker in 2021 although tasked almost exclusively with rushing the passer off the edge, Quinn has been a bright spot on a mediocre defense this year. He's thus far logged 48 total tackles with 38 solo, 18.0 sacks, and 4 forced fumbles. With a 17 game regular season for the first time in NFL history, Quinn has a chance to break his career-best in sacks with 20.0 as other pass rushers like TJ Watt approach Michael Strahan's NFL record of 22.5.
Robert Quinn made his third career Pro Bowl this season, a well-deserved honor for a player who came to the Bears a star and will someday retire a record-holder.
The future:
When the Bears signed Quinn to a massive contract in 2020, it contained a potential out (per Spotrac) this coming offseason, but the dead money doesn't make any sense unless for a trade. With two teams trading him previously due to contract status, and a 2021 season which is a perfect example of bang-for-your-buck, it's hard to imagine him not being in Chicago next year at least.
There have been rumors that the Bears will completely clean house this Monday, not only sending head coach Matt Nagy packing in a forgone conclusion but also perhaps creatively removing Ryan Pace from his GM role by means of a faux-promotion and removing Ted Phillips from his Team President role. An overhaul to the front office is almost-assuredly followed by an overhaul to the roster, and the Bears will look to clear cap room for a new GM to build a team around quarterback Justin Fields.
Robert Quinn could be a cap casualty for the Bears when that day comes, but as he stayed with the Rams through their rebuilt in their 2016-2017 frame, he could be a lasting piece for the old Bears before they inevitably transition away from this current roster.
Look for Quinn to be in Chicago next year, with another Pro Bowl appearance required to keep him here after.
Week 18 prediction:
4 total tackles, 2 solo, 1.0 sack
Chicago Bears Sackwatch 2021: Week 14 vs Green Bay Packers